i MOW' W i DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure 'Room ■ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/remainesconcerni1623camd -mi Concerning BRITAINE But eipecially England , and the fnhabitants thereof. V f THZlR I teiLcey Languages. fEmfcrefcs. ^2^4 Names. Appasell, £-7 >{ “ ' . $ w ^vo, cU/*rrtd & ^ Ou 6 <^- a~ <*/»* - 2 . Ai^jj s?')3 ' A < Z?' ^T><~ tf>+ f't:~fi-L 6, LONDON, Printed by Nicholas Ores , for Simon W atjrson, and ate to be iold at his (hop* atthefigoe of the Crowncin Fm(s Church^ yard. i*i|. £*.£, oJfcPr; -21 ■ 1^0 > Aife '■ -Tv. R / : ' ; ^n°\^ r' : ; ;. ft ■iic’i.lO 2 A J •') • ; ifH i. I;:?:. I -corf' aid Jfl Mol 'jd o» sis on/, r vi o j i v a W • • '..l-ttistwmO -Jill Ufiy'. J(I: TO THE RIGHT VVORSHIRFVL, VVOR- ‘ THY, aAYNip LEA % - NED S '. Robert Cotton of Connington Knight, and Baroncc. Afdon me , Right Worthy Baronet t if at the Printers requefi 3 1 ad* drejfe thefe Remaines with fame Jupplement 3 to you againe in the fame words, I did tenyearesfnee „ Temples ( faith the auncient Atiftides)are to be dedicated t© the godsend Bookes to good-men. Vpon warrant of which, words ,and long experience of your gpodnts phisfil ly,pittifuUjind poore Treatife was once vnaduifedly for - ward to haue’beent dedicated to you. But vpon more ad- uifed confi derations, whereas Atiftides in his wife dome knew nothing but that which was goodpo be feemely and fort able for good menyind therefore meant mofi certain* lyphatonely good bookes are to be dedicated to good men : it recall edit felfe in good time 5 for that it cannot chal- lenge any fuch title either for matter or manner of handling , being one ly the rude rubble and out-cajl rub- A % bijh ¥ The Epiftle Dedicatory^ bi(h (as you know) of a greater and more feriom worke. ivherea* therefore neither in ref eel of it felfeit dare 0 neither in regard of you it may prefent it f elf e by my of Dedication 0 for that fhould imply honour vntojou which it cannot brings and require patron ge from you which it need th nothing by the pitttfull JiUtnejJe there 1 of fecured from ernie 3 onely reaching at emtneneie. I hcere fend it vnto you mloofeleaues , as fit to be Ludi- b r ia vent i i and with all fubmrtnt to your cenfure 5 not as h ' did Siue legt/iue tegi iufleris. For verily / affur § my fife that you in your learned iudgcment carnet but ft at cnee ii^as 1 haue done with this dooms : Tineas pafett taciturnus inerEeSo From my Lodging xxx, Imy. i # j 4, Your Worfibipsaflfured^ lM, 2y. britaine. I BBQTJIt XE. ! [ what of Bntaine , which is the on- ly fubieJh thou doefifurpafe all Regions. And albeit thou art not firetched out with large limit es, yet bordering Nations clothed with thy Fleeces, do wonder at thee for thy bleffed plenty. Thy Swords haue beene turned into T love -fares : Peace and Religion four t[h in thee ; fo that thou art a Aiirrour to all (fhnjhan King- domes. Addc hereunto(ifyoupleafe) thefe few lines out of a farre move evident P an cgj r if in the time of C enfant in e the Great, O happy Britaine and more bhsfull then all other Regions : Na- ture hath enriched thee with all commodities of hcauen and earth, wherein there is neither, extreme cold in Winter , nor fcorcbing heatc. Brhaine. 3 heate in Summer, wherein there i: fuch abundant plenty of come , 04 may fttffice both for Bread and Wine : wherein are Woods 1 with out wilde Beafis , and the f ields without noyfome Serpents ; hut infinite numbers of milch Cattle , and Sheep e weighed downe with rich Fleeces : And that which is mafi comfortable , long dayes, and light fame night $i So that, not without caufe,it was accounted one of the fa i reft and moft glorious Plumes in the triumphant Diademe of the Roman Empire, while it was a Prouince vnder the fame ; and was truely called by Charles the Great, The Store-houfe , and Granary of the whole we fi erne world. But whereas the fayd Panegjrifl fallcth into a gladfome ad- miration,how from hence there hath rifen gracious princes. As good Gods honoured throughout the whole world: That if euer, as it was lately to our glorious ioy euidently , and effe omefl'tcis ,SUuefirtbus, B obus,E quis,& Ouibus „ Lata cmtta femtnibus ,culmis ,fpicis } graminibus. Arms ,pratis,pecoribus,berbis gaudet & jbribus^ Eluminibus fontibus ,convallibus,dr mont'tbus . Convalles pafium prefermt, Af ontes met alia ccnferunt % Carbo fub terra corttce,crefcit viror in vertice . Cal cem per art is regulator abet ad teUa ttgulas r , $ Ep tt l arum matertajnelJacjfr Utlicinia, Adulfum.medo ,ceruifia,abmdat in hac patria : Et atuccjuid vita congruit ,vbertim terra tribuit. Seavt de t antis dotibus,multa concludam br embus , St at bac in orbis angulo, ac fi Ecus a fectth Mane daret promptttar turn cunclorum falutarium. » England an old Epigrammatifi made thefe with a Trofopcpceia of Nature, the indulgent mother to England i which doth comp rife as much as the bell wits can now con- cerns inthatbehalfc. Anglia terra ferax, tibi pax fecura quiet em s Multipltcem luxum merx opulentadedtt. Tit nimto nec ftr'tB* gelujtecfydere ftruens , Clement i calo, temper ieq^ places. Cum par ere t Natura parens ^varioq^fauore, Tdiuideret dotes omnibus vna locis : Sepofxit potior a tibi, matremfyprofejfa Infulafisfcelix, plena j 3 paeis, ait. Quiccjuid amat Ittxtts , qutequid defiderat vfus » Ex teproueniet } vel aliunde tibi. Accordingly it is written in the Blacke booke of the Exche- quer, that our Ancestors termed England a Stoic-houfe of T reafurc,and a Paradife of Pieafure,in this verfe ; Dtvitijftfefinum, dilicijfjj larem. So that not without caule Pope Innocentius the fourth,moft willingly > and Specially defire d to fee D initios Londmi , & deltciat 7 . Britain e] delictas Weftmonaflerij. And would ofcen la y , That England was a Pradife or garden of pleafttre , a pit which coni A netisr be drawne dryland where much was, much might he had.'] And accordingly in that age thefe verfes were written in praife of England .* Anglia dulce folum,qttod non aliena recenf j 3 Sedtua dulcedoprtftina dulce facit : Qua nihil a Gattis.fed Gallia mutuat d te. Quicquid honor is habet .quicquid amort s habet. Merry Michael the Cornilh Poet piped this vpon hts Oten pipe for merry England, but with a mocking compaffion of Normandy , when the French vfurped in the time ot King lohn, , < • ' Nohilts Anglia, pocttla,prandia,donat & ara. Terra iuvabilis &foctabilis,agmine plena. Omnibus vtilts Anglia fer tilts eft, & amana : Sed miferahilis dr lachrtmabilis abpf caterua, Neuftria deb/lis,& modbflebihs eft, quia ferua% I know not whether thefe of Henry of Huntington though more ancient are worthy to be remembred : Anglia terrarum decus ,dr flos finitimarum, Eft content a fuifertihtate boni , Extern as gentes confumptis rebus egentes , Cum fames Udit,recreat dr reftcit. Commoda terra fatts ,mirand Leo , and Sagitta - ry> and lupiter , with Mars Dominators for this North well part of the world, which maketh them impatient of ftruicude, louersof liberty ,martiall and couragious :I will onely in par- ticular note fbmewhat , and that fummarily of the Britrunes, Scottifli,and Englifh,the three principall inhabitants. The Britaints,the moft ancient people of thislfle anciently inhabited the fame from fca to lea, whefe valour and proweffc is renowned both in Latine and Greeke monuments , and may appeare inthefetwo points which I will here onely note. Fitft, that the moft puiflant Roman forces, when they were at the higheft, could not gaine of them being but then a halfe-naked people, in thirty whole yearcs the Countries from the Thames to Strwling. And when they had gained them, and brought them into forme of a preumcc, they found them fo warlike Cicero. Pet.Nannius, PcoLin Qua- drip. Britaines, Plimus, Natkia pro-' vmtiaiww* IO Jnhabitants . Pi«ft.Brit;irK a people, that the Romans leuied as many Cohorts, compa- nies, anti enfignes of Britans from hence for the feruice of Ar- menmkAtgyp t , t llyricam 3 t h ci r frontire Countries , asfrom any other of their prouinces whatfoeuer. As for thole Britaines which were farther North,and after as is moft probable, called Pities, (for that they ftill painted themfelues when the Sou- theme parts were brought to ciuility,) they not onely moft couragioufly defended their liberty , but offended the the Ro- mans with continuall and moft dangerous ineurfions,]. Wtlfh Britans. The other remainder of the Britans , which retired them- felues to the Weft parts , now called Wales , with like honor of fortitude, for many hundred yearcs repelled the yoake both of the Englifti and Norman flauery. In which time how warlike they were , I will vfe no other teftimony than that of King Henry the fecond . in his letter to Emanaell Empc- rour of Conftantinople : The Weljh Nation is fo adaenterom that they dare encounter naked with armed men, ready to jpend their blond for their Country , and pasvne their life for Praife. How a6tiue,and feruiceable they were when King Ri~ chard Cuer-de-lion lead an army of them into France, haue this teftimony of William Britto (who then liued) inbis fifth booke of Philippeidos. c Protirms extremis Anglorum finibm agmen Walloram immenfam namero vocat,vt nemorofa, Per leca dt f care ant ,f err o f igmffierore Innato , no fin vaflent confinia regni. Gens WaUenfis habet hoc naturaleper omnes, Indigenas prirnis profnam quod feruat ab annhm Pro domibm fy lasts, be limn pro pace freqaentat, IrofctfaciUs, agilisper deuia car fa, Ne foleis plant as caligis nec crara graitantur Frig ns do cl a pati , nulli cejfara labori. Vefie brew, corpus nalhs oner at ur ab armis. Nec manit thorace latasyiec caffide frontem , Sola crsrens,hofii cadem quibas infer at, arma, Clamm cam iacalo,venabala,gefa,bipennem. Arc am cam pharetris,nodo fascia, vel hafiam i A ff 'dais gardens f radis , frf o % craorc, \ How Inhabitants. < $> How afterward in procefle of time they conformed themfeiucs to all ciuility,and the reafon thereof, appearcth bythcfe lines of Poet then flourilbing. - Marts qntiqut Britomm turn ex conuidu Saxoxum Conmtttantur in melius , vt patet ex his clarius. Martas & agros excolmt,ad opp'tda fs conferunt. Et loricati eqmtant,& c alee at i peditant , Vrbane fe reficimt,& fub tapetis dorm'mnt Vt wdteentur slngliciy nunc pot ha quanitValltcit Huius ft qu^ratur ratio, quietim quam folito Cur illt viuatfp hadie,in cattfit fmt dimtia. tOi&i Clt0 H sns h&cperderetffi pafflm mncconpgeret. ’Timqndajmihosrttrahitttamnilhabens mhnetuit.' Et vt dixit Satyricut :■ Cantat portatur vacuus Ceram latrone tut tor, quam phalaratus ditior. And fince they were admited to the ImperiallCrowne cEEng^ A^djthey haue, to their iuft praife, performed all parts of duti- .full loyalty and allegeance moft faithfully thereunto} plentiful- ly- yeelding Martial! Captaines 5 iudicious Ciuilliaris, skilftill common Lawyers* learned Diuines , complete Courtiers, and aduentrous Souldiers. In which commendations their coufins the Cornilhmen do participate proportionally, although they vyere fooner brought vndet the Englifh command.] Great allq is the glory of thofe Brittaines , which -in moft ^ rtno ^ an or - dolefull time of the Englifh inualion, withdrew themfelues in- ta r ^ nt “ to the Weft pans of Gallta , then called Armorica : For they not only feated themfelues there, maugre the Romans, (then in- deed low, and neare fetting,) and the French : but alfo impofed their name to the countrey, held and. defended the fame againft the French, vntill in our granfathers memory, it was vnited to France by the facred bonds of matrimony.] Next after the Brittaines , the Scottish men comming out of Scotdfluacn. Ireland, planted themfelues in this Ifle on the Northfideof Child, partly by force, partly by faUOur of thepi£lcs,with Bed.lib.i. whom a long time they annoyed the Southerne parts, but after many bloody battells amongft themfelues , the Scottifhmen fubdued them , and eftabhfhed a kingdome in thofe parts, which with manlike courage and warlike prowelfe , they haue .i B not io Inhabitants. not onely maintained at home , but alfo haue purchafed great honour abroad. For the French cannot but acknowledge,they haue fcldome atchieued any honourable a&s without Scottifn hands, who therefore are deieruedly to participate the glory with them. As alfo diuers parts of France, Germany, and Smt^ei land, cannot but confefle, that they owe to the Scottifla nation, the propagation of good letters and Chriftian religion amongft them. Englifhmcn, After the Scottifhmenthe Angles, Englifhmen,or Saxons, by Gods wondertiill prouidence w r ere tranfplanted hither out of Germany. A people compofedof the valiant Angles. lutes t and Saxons, then inhabiting lutlandflolfien, and the fea coafts along to the riucc Rhone, who in fhort time fubduing the Brit* See afterward taines, and drilling them.into the mountanous Wefterne parts, in Languages, made themfelues by a moft complete conqueft, abfolute Lords of all the better foyle thereof, as farre as Orkeney. Which can- not be doubted of, when their Englifh tongue reacheth fo farre along the Eaft coaft, vnto the fartheft parts of Scotland , and the people thereof are called by the High land-men, which are the true Scots , by no other name then^aws, by which they alfo call vs the Englifh.. - • 1 This warlikejvidforiouSjffiffc, ftowt, and'ngdrcus Katiav after it had as it were taken roote here about one hundred and fixty yeatcs,and fpread his branches farre and wide, being mel- lowed and mollified by the mildnefie of the foyle and fweetc ayre, was prepared in fulnefie of time for the firfi fpiritualL bleffing of God , I meanc our regeneration m Chrift,and our ingrafting into his myflicall body by holybaptifrne-. Which Beda our Hcclefiafhcall Hiliorian recoanteth in this manner, and I hope you will giue. i tithe reading * Gregory the Great Bi- »ort' j}.i4o ■ fhop of Rome, on a .time faw beaattifu.il boyes to be fold in tl)e . market, at Rome and demanded from whence they were ; ah- fwer was made him, out of the Ifie of Brittaine. Then asked he againe,whether they were Chriftians or noi they fayd no. Alas for pitty JaydG cegory, that the fonle jienafhoald be Lord offuch fitire folkcs ; and that they which carry fticb grace in their coun- tenances , fhonld be void of grace in their hearts. Then hew ould know of them, by what name.their, Nation was called,and they 1 ' told. Inhabitants. it told him Anglefhmen, And iujlly be they fo tolled ( quoth he) for they bane Angelike faces jwdfeeme meete to be made coheires with the Ange lls in heauen. Since which time, they made fuch happy progrefle in the Chriftian profeflion both of faith and workes, that if I fhould but enter into confideration thereof, I fhould be ouer-whcl- med with maine tides of matter. Many and admirable monu- ments thereof, do euery where at home prefentthemfelues to your view, erected in former times, (and no linall number in our age, although few men note them) not for affedlation of fame , or oftentation of wealth , but to the glory of God, in- creafeof faith, of learning, and to maintenance of the poore. As for abroad , the world can teftifie that fotire Englifhmen haue conuerted to Chriftianty, eight Nations of Europe. Win- frid alias Boniface , the Denfhire-man conuerted the German Saxons , Franconians, Hejftans, and Thunngians : Willebrod the Northerne man, the Frifians and Hollanders. Nicholas Brake - Jpeare of -Middlefex, who was afterward called Pope Hadrian the Norwegians, and not long fince, Thomas of Walden of EJfex , the Lithuanians. Neither will I here note (which ftrangers haue , noted) that England hath bred more Princes renow* ned (or fanaity,then any Chriftian Nation whatfoeuer.] It doth alio redound to the eternall honour of England , that our contrimen haue twife bccne fchoolcmaifters to France. Fir ft when they taught the G aisles the dicipline of the fDruL des ; and after, when they and the Scottifhmen firft taught the French the liberall Arts, and perfwaded Carolus Magnus to found the Vniuerfity of Paris. They,alfo brought into France the beftlawes which the Parliament of Paris and Burdeaux haue now in vfe* They at the lo weft ebbe of learning, amazed the world with their excellent knowledge in Philolophy, and Diuinity : for that I may not particular of Alexander of Hales i the Irrefragable fD otter , Schoolemaifter to the Angelique D offer Thomas Aquinas , one Colledge in Oxford brought Merton Cel* forth in one age thofe foure lights of learning : Scotus the Sub- tile , Bradwardine the Profound, Okham the InmncMz, and Bur- ley the Perfptcuous, 2 nd,a$ fomefay, Baconthorpe the Reflate which Titles they, had by the common confcnt of the iudiciall B 2 and 12 , Inhabitants . and learned of that'ind the'fuccfeding ages.] Yet their military glory Hath furpaued all, for they hauc terrified the whole world with their Armes in Syria, z/Egjpt, Cyprus, Spaine, Sicill, and India. They haue trauerfed with mod happy vi&ories both France, and Scotland, brought away their Kings Captiues, Conquered Ireland , andthelfle of Cypres , which King Ri- chard the firftgaue frankly to Guy of Lufgnian : and lately with a maydens hand , mated the mightieft Monarch in his owne Countries. They, befide many other notable difeoue- ries 3 twi(e compared the whole globe of the earth with ad- mirable fucceffe, which the Spaniards haue yet but on:e per- formed. Good Lord, how fpacioufly might a learned pen walke in this argument ? But left I fhould feeme ouer prodigall in the praife of my Countrimen,! will onely prelent you with lo me few verfes inthisbehalfe, and firft thisLatineRythmeofthe middle time inprayfeef the EnglifTh Nation, with lomeclofecautions. It is quilted as it were out of fhreds of diuers Poets, fuch as Scho~_ lers do call a Cento, Quo verfu Anglorum pojfim defender, e gentem, SapeMbi dubtdm traxitfenUniia mentfan, -Sunt Inartiicdtdpercuffo foedereveri. , t Mat dr dt efl znrtus, qua m cyder ere, party inert. Sunt hello fortes ,alacres,validid^duellt4 , A/per a fedpojitis mitefcant fecula bsllis. Sunt nitidifutf/^flirent virtUtis amore, Sed nihil eft v ft its, tit ft cunt pisiahc'tjonore. Quid fit avaritid peflis gens Angitca nefeit , Crefcit a/nor dandi, quantum ipfa peemia crefctt \ ' lAdtasprtma fludetfltire large, dando vice flit. t^OfUiflfyulfer’Uffi'ifuodqm^ infu#dk acefcfy Lauttor efl tills 'CUM tiienfa diuite cult us, Accedunt hilar esfemperfuper omnia vultus. Non ibt Ttatnatas pdtiper died Melyboeo, In crateremeo Thetis efl fociata Lyao. 1 .* i ' ’G^d(im'htgdu:ti{M : ddmyhU',0‘ gratia mortmf . • Sic nor wit tpkdm fit dulcis milettira honor urn. Anglorsfm Inhabitants . 13 Anglortm car eft gens qu&vis invida gent i? Summapetet livor,perftant altifftma venti. And for the Scottifh Nation this of their awne Poet* ilia phxretratis eft propriagloria Scot is , Ginger e venattt fait ns, fnperare natando Flumina, ferref ament, contemner efrigora & xftiu: Nec fo (fa & mar is patriamfed Marte tueri, Et fpreta mcslumem vita defenders famam. Pollicitt fervare fidemftanaxmcjue vereri. JTumenyimicitia meres -non munns amare. Themerry,ftce and ftan?teke dilpofition of the old Englifh was ihus ddcribed by Alfred ofBeaerly, Anglia plemtiocus ,gens libera & apt a to car i: Libera gens cm libera mens cfr libera lingua,. Std lingua meliorjlibcriortfe mantes. The defire of knowledge in the Englifh,the contempt there- ©fin the French Britons, and thefwelling pride of Normans was thus rimed on in that time : Scire AnglU fit is eft, Jit is eft nefcire B r it Annie , Eafttts Normannis crefcit crefcentibits annis.- Pope Eagenim the fourth faid, that the Englifhmen were fit for any thing, and to be preferred before other Nations, were it not for their wauering and vnletled lightnefte. Policraticon . The fwcete that the Popes fucked hence a long time fo eafily, gaue occafion to their fucceffors, tofucke England almoft dry with-extorting from the Clergy, and inapofing fuch burdens vp « on them: that Adam Murymath called Englishmen The Popes Ajfes, willing to beare all burdens rvhatfoeuer. In this refpedt a- nother Pope playing vpon people at his pleafure , faid that the Italians were VoUtilia cceli , the French and Spaniards Ptfces quoris, the Englifh and Germans, Pecora campi. Salt andfhavpe was he which faid , French and Engliih doe not reade as they write. Flemmings and Germans do not fing as they prieke.Spaniards and Italians do not meane as they fpeake. The Hypercriticall controuller ofPoets, lulttts S. iliger doth fo feuereiy cenfure Nations, that he feemed to fit in the chaire of the fcornefull, and therefore I will omit him and bis cenfures, left I might feeme to approue them. B 3 Cam-:- P. lauius. 14 Inhabitants. Camerarim more moderately writeth , The Germans are warlike, flainc meaning and l/berall, the Italians proud, vindica - tine and witty, the French well made, intemper ate, andheadyi the Spaniards difdatrers, ntdutfed pilling an dp oiling-, Enghfhmen flir- ring, trading,bufie ,andpainefull. The Frenchmen are not altogether votrue and vnfauorable to England in this their prouerbiall fpeech. England is the Peradifit of Women, the Purgatory offernants, and the hell ofhorfes. Lewes Regius or Le Roy in his viciffitudes obeferueth that the Spaniards commonly are haughty, the Moores difloyall, the Greckes wary, the Italians aduifed,the French hardy, the Eng- lilh and Scots lufty and flout. Butmoft true this may feeme which runneth currant euery where. The Bridges of Pole land, the Dotation of Italians , the Fafls of Germans, the Monkes ofBoeme,tbe Nunues of Suaben, the Religion of Pmz,e , the Confiancy of the French, the impa- tience of the Spaniard, the new Gutfe of the Engli[h,are fut cable , like vnto like. A certaine Italian in his cenfuring humour noteth , that fuch is the humour of the Fnglifhman,the more charge and authority he hath, the more matters he couets to thruft himfelfeintb, al- beit impertinent to him, to make himfelfe efteemed aboue that he is, and whatfouer he enterprifeth either for fauour or difplcl- fure, he rnaintayneth by right or wrong The Welfhmcnournighbours , or rather our incorporate countrymen, both by approoued allegeance and law, in their Brittifh old Booke of Triplicities write : As Weljlmen doe loue fi re, fait, and drinke : the Frenchmen yeomen, weapons, horfes : fit Enghfbmen, doejpecially like good cheere , lands , and traficke „ This good cheere caufeth the Germans to recharge vs with gluttony when we charge them with drunkenneffe which as wc rc ceiucd from the Danes, fo we firft taught the French all their Kitchen skill and furnifhing their T ables. And in the lame place, The tfelfh, are liber all. The French , conrteoHs,the Englijh confident. Dodlor Bourd fliall end thefe matters, who, painted for an Fnglifh man,a proper fellow naked, with a paire^Taylers fheeres in one hand, and a peece of cloth on his arme, with thefe rimes : how Inhabitants. *5 howtrudy and aptly I referre to each mans particular confide- ration. / am an Bnglifhmanyind naked I ft and here , Muftng in my mind, what garment 1 Jhall we are. For now I will wear e this, and now I will wear e that , Now I wiH we are I cannot tell what: All new fajhtons bee p leaf ant to me, I will haue them whether / 1 brine or thee: Now I am a Brisker, all men on me looke , What IJhould doe but fet cocke on the hoope ? What do 1 care , if all the world me fade,, / wiUhaue a garment reach to~my taile; Then am I a Adtnion,for 1 weare the new gut fe , The nextyeere after I hope to be wife > Not only in wearing my gorgtow err ay. For I will goe to learning a whole fummers day; l will learne Latine, Hebrew, Cjreeke, and French , And I will learne Thitch fitting on my bench. I doe fear e no man, all menfeareth me, I ouercome my aduer fanes by land and by Sea : I had no P cere, if to my felfe / were true, Becaufe 1 am not fo, diners timet do / rue . Tet 1 lacknothing, I haae all things at still, If I wore wife and would hold t/ty felfe ftill. And meddle wtth no matters but to me pertayning, But euerto be true to God and my King . But / haae fitch matters rowling in my pate , That I will and doe I cannot tell what. No manfl:all let me font I will bane my mind, And to father, mother, and friend, He be unkind: I will follow mine owne mind and mine old trade, Who Jhall let me? the Diuels nailes are vnparde, Tet aboue all things newfafhions I loue well , And to weare them my thrift I will fell, I n all this world I / ball haae but a t ime, Holdthe Cup good fellow Joere is thine and mi*e<> B THE 16 InPfal.xo4* the people wee will now proceede to the Languages. Heere would Schollei fhew you the firft confufion of Languages outof Mofes, that the gods had their pe- culiar tongue out of Homer , that brute hearts. Birds, and Fifties , had their owne roper Languages out of Clemens Ak&« an dr inns. They would teach you of p horns , that there were but two and fifty tongues in the work becaufe fo many foules out of lacob defeended into *s£gypt and out of Arnob'nu, that there were 7 a. Albeit Timofihenes porteth,that in Diofcurias a mart Towne of Colchis , there ficked 300. Nations of diners Languages : And howfoeuer Indian ox American difeouerers fay, that in eucry fourefi mile in America , andineuery valley almoft of Peru you find a new Language. Neither would they omit the Hand wher the people haue clouen tongues out of the fabulous Narration of Diodoms Siculus: yea, they would lafti out the Utopian Lan guage with VolvolaBarchin hemamja lalvola dramepagloni. When as it is a greater glory now to be a LtngHtftj.hcn a Re- alifi. They would moreouer difeourfe at large, which I will tell you in a word. Firft, the Britifh tongue or Wclfti (as we now call it) was in vfeonely in this Iland,hauing great affinity with the old Gallic qua of Gaule , now France , from whence the firft inhabi- tants in all probability came hither. Afterward the Latine was taken vp when it was brought into the forme of a Pro- uince, by little and little. Firft, about the time oiDomitian, ac- reporteth Inline Languages, iy Julius Agricola Gou'ernour here for the Romans, preferred the Britans, as able to do more by wit,thcnthe G antes by ftudie:r> Latine t0 c qui (faith he) i vtod'o linguam Roman am abnuebant, eloquentiam j n the Roman concupifcerent. Ind; etiam habitus noflri honor & frequent toga . Prouinces, Then when Roman Colonies were here planted, and the people ruled by Roman lawes,vvritten in the Latine tongue: but efpeci- ally after that all borne in the Roman Prouinces,were enfxanchi- fed Citizens of Rome by Adrian the Emperor.as S. Chryfofiome writeth; or rather by Afar cits Antoninus as Aurelius Vtftor re- porteth.Then the world accounted themfelues all one Nation, & fang lam cun EH gens vna fumus. As Rutilius to Romes praife,- Dumque offers vtttispropri] confortia iuris , Vrbemfecifti, quodprius orb is erat. Hence it is that fo many Latine words remaine in the French , Spans and other tongues, as alfo from the Popes pra£tife,who impofed the Latine tongue in the diuine Scruice, as a token of fubic&ion to the Roman Sea. Notwithftanding in this ifle the BritiJh ouergrew the Latine , and continueth yet in Wales, and fome Villages of Cornervall in- termingled with Prouinciall Latine , being very fignificatiue, copious, and pleafantly running vpon agnominations, although harfli in alterations. After the Irifli tongue was. brought into the Northweft parts of the Ifle, out of Ireland by the ancient Scottifhmen, and there yet remaineth. Laftly, the Englijl. \ Sax- ons out of Germany, who valiantly and wifely performed here allthe three things, which imply arullconqueft, viz,, the altera- tion oflawes,languagc,and attire. This Englifli tongue is extra&ed,as the Nation, from the Ger~ mans the mod glorious of all now extant in Europe for their morall,& martial vertues,& preleruingthe liberty entire, as alio for propagating their Language by happy yi&ories in France by th z Francs fit Burgundians ,in this He by the Engli/Js-Saxons , in Italy by the Herult, Weft- (7 othes, Vandales, 8c Lombards, in Spaine by the Sueuians and Vandales. And this tongue is of that extenflon at this prefent,that it reacheth from Suiferland,8c from the fountaines ofRhenc ouer all ancient Germany both high and low as far as the Riuer Viftula (except Bohemia,Silefia^nA part of Polonia , which fpeake the Sclamonian tongue ) and alfo ouer Den*. i 8 . Languages. D enntarke ,Sneden , G ot land, Norway, I flan d to the Hyperboran or Frozen-Sea; without any great variety as I could proue particu- larly. Bui let this fufhce, that forthe Latine coniun&ion copla- tiueET we and the Saxons in Germany vfe And, the Nether- lands £W,the Swizers£«»^,other Germans theGotlan* ders ^>;r,the Iflanders Ant , as the old Francs vfed Eind and Ind. And to the honour ofour progenitors the Engltfh Saxons be it fpoken, their conqueft was more abfolute here ouer thc2??v- taines, then cither of the Francs in France ouer the G antes, or the Gothes and Lombards in Italy , ouer the Romans, or of the v Gothes , Kandales, and Moores ouer the ancient Spaniards in Spame. For in thefe Nations much of the prouinciall Latine (I meane the Latine vied whileft they were Prouinces of the Ro- mans) tcmzineth, which they politikely had fpread ouer their Empire, as is already laid. But the Engltfh- Saxon Conquerors, altered the tongue which they found here wholly .* fo that no Brittfh words, or prouinciall Latine appeared therein at the firft: & in lliort time they Ipread it cuer this whole IJland, from the Orcades to the Ifle of Wight, except a few barren corners in the Weflerne parts , whereunto the reliques of the Britans and Scots retired preferuing in them both their life and Language. For certaifie it is, that the grea- teft and beft parts, the Eaft and South of Scotland, which call themfelues the Lawland men, Ipeake theEnglifh tongue varied only in Dialect , as defeended from the Engltfh-Saxons : and the old Scott sjh,yi\i\cfi is the very Iri/h, is vfed onely by them of the Weft.called the Heehtland-men , who call the other as the Welfh call vs Sajfons, Saxons, both in relpedl of Language and original!, as I fhewed before. I dare not yet here affirme for the antiquity of our Language, that our great-great-great-Grandfires tongue came out of Per- /d, albeit the wonderful] Linguift lofeph Scahger hath obfer- ued, Fader, Moder , Bruder,band, &c. in the Perfian tongue in the very fence as we now v fe them. It will not be vnproper I hope to this purpofe,if I note out of the EpifHes of that learned Atnbalfour Bttsbecjtuus, how the in- habitants oiTaurica Cherfoneffks , in the vttermoft part o£ Eu- rope Eaft ward, haue thefe words, Wind, Silver, Kerne, Salt , Ftjh, Son, Languages. *9 Son, Apple ,tVaggen, Sin gen, I lav da. Beard, with many othei in the very fame fence and fignification, as they now are in vie with vs, whereat I maruelled not a little when I firft read it. But nothing can be gathered thereby , but that the Saxons our progenitours, which planted thcmfelues here in the Weft, did aifo to their glory place Colonies likewife there in die Eaft. j As in the Latine tongue, the learned make in rcfpedl oftime, ^ ~ foure Idioms , the Ancient ,1 the Latine , the Romane, the ALixt: To we in ours may make the Ancient Engltjb-Saxon , and the Mixt. But that you may fee how powerable Time is in altering tongues as all things elfe, I will fet downe the Lords Prayer as it was tranflated in fimdry ages , that you may fee by what de- grees our tongue is rifen , and thereby conie&ure how in time it may altar and fall againe. If we could fet it downe in the ancient Saxen, I meane in the tongue which the Enlifh vfed at their firft arriuall here , about 440. yeeres after Chrifts birth,it would feeme mod ftrange and harfli Dutch or Gebrifh , as women call it; or when they firft embraced Chriftiariity, about the yeere of Chrift 600. But the ancientft that I can find, was about 900. yeere fince , about the y«cre of Chrift 7 oo.found in ancient Saxon glofied Euange lifts, in the hands of my good friend Mafter Robert Bowyer, written by Eadfride the eight Bifhop of Lindtffarne, (which after w,as Hole-Hand, tranflated to Durham) and diuided according to the ancient Canon ot Eufebiw , not into Chapters : for Stephen Langton , Archbifhop of Canterbury, firft diuided the holy Scripture into Chapters,as Robert Stephan did lately into Verfe, and thus it is. Our Father which art in heauen Vren \ Fader thic arch in heofnas. be hallowed thine name. come Sic gehalgud thin noma. to cymeth thy Kingdome. Be thy will Jo at in thin ric. Sic thin willa fue is in ffea~ 9 Gtwurdi ShinwiUa. *Vni«v Gyl- wndum. 10 Languages . Hearn# and' in earth, Oure lofs heofnas, and in eortho. Vren hlaf Sttper-fubjiantiall gitie vs to day , and oter wirtlic lei vs to daeg, and forgiue vs dehs cures fo we for* .. forgef vs fcylda urna,, £iie we for- gtw debts ours, and do not leads gefan fcyldgum vrum, and do inlead vs into temptation. But deliuer euery one vfith in cuftnung. Ah gefrig vrich from eittlL from ifle. Amea, Sometwo hundred yceressfter, Ifind this fomewhat varied intwotranflations. Thu vre fader the eart on heofenutn Si thin nama gehalgod. Cum thin ric. *Si thin willa on eorthan* fwa on hcofc- dajlj num. Sylevs to da?g vm daegthanlican hlaf, trefpajfes And forgif vs vre gfytas. fwa , fwa we for- againfi vs haue trefpajfed gifath * tham the with vs agyltath. And ne led the vs on coftnung, Ac alys vs from . Be it fo. yfle. * Slit fwa« Languages, ii About an hundred and threescore year c$ after, in the time of King Henry the fecond , I finde this rime fent ftom Rome by Pope Adrian the EngIilhman,co be taught ‘to the people, Vrefadyr in hearten rich. Thy name he halyedeuer lich. Thou bring vs thy michellbliffi, Als hit in heauen y-doe, Tvar inyearth beene it alfo ; That holy bread that lafteth Ay, Thou find it out this ilke day, Forgtue out all that we haue don, Afweeforgivet vch other mon : JVe let out fall into no founding , Ac fhield out fro thefovole thing. Amen. Neither was there any great variation in the time of King Henry the third, as appeareth in this of that age,a$ I conie&ure by the Charader ; Fader that art in heattin bliffe, » tf . , , Thin beige nam it wurth the bhjfe } . v „ Gumen & mot thy kjngdbn, • Thin holy will it be all dob. In heauen and in erdh alfo 3 So it frail bin full well Ic tro. Gif vs all bread on this day, Andfirgifvsvrejinnes, Ai we do vre wider winner l Let vs no t in finding fall, Oacfro euill thu Jyld vs all. Amen* fjoi. 'J *•'. *• . j ~ . ; . : - •? .-y’A • In the time of King Richard the fecond about a hundred andodde ycares after , it was lb mollified, that it came to be thus,asit is intheTranflationof^cv^/^?, with fome Latine words now inlerted, whereas there was not one before. Oitrfadyryhat art in heauen Joalloed be thy name , thy kingdom comto, be thy wi ll do:ie,fi in heauen , and u Languages. and tti ertb -gif to vs this day our bread ever ether ' fub fiance : andforgifto vs our dettis,4* weforge- aen to our (letters, and leed vs not into temptation, but deliuer vs fro euili. Amen. Hitherto will our fparkefull Youth laugh at their great grandfather E»glifh,yA\o had more care to do w el, than to fpeak minion-like, and left more glory to vs by their exploytingof great a£fes, than we fir all do by our forging °a new words , and vneuth phrafes. Great verily was the glory of our tongue before the Nor- man Conqueftjin this, that the old Engltjh could expreffe mod aptly , all the conceipts of the minde in their owne tongue, with- out borrowing from any. As for example : The holy feruice of God, which the Latinos called Religion , Bfccaufe it knitted the mindes of men together , and moft peo- ple of Europe haue borrowed the fame from them they called moft fignificantly Ean-faflnes , as the one and onely affurancc and faft anker-hold of our foulcs health. The gladfome tidings of our faluation, which the Greeket called Euangehon, and other Nations in the fame word, they called Godjpell , that is Godsfpeech. For our Sauiour, which We borrowed from the French, and they from the Latine Saluator, they called in their owne word, Hae-lend from Hael, that \s,Salus, fafety, which we retaine ftill in Al-hael , and TVaf-hael, that is, Aue,Salue,Sis . faluus. They could call the difciples of Chrift, Learning Cnihtas that \s. Learning S emit ours. For Cniht which is now a name of worship, fignified with them an Attendant , or feruitour. They could name the Pbarifes according to the Hebrew S under- halgens, as holy religious men, which had fundred and feuered themfeluesfrom other. The Scribes they could call in their proper fignification , as 'Booke-men,Becer. So they called parchment, which we haue catcht from the Latine Pergamenum i Boc-fell in refped of the vfe. So'they could call the Sacrament Haligdome, as holy iudge- ment. For fo it is according as wc receiue it. They could call Fertility and fruitfulneffe of land ligni- ficatiucly z 3 ficatluely Eordefwela , as wealth of the earth. They could call a Comet, a Faxed ftarre-; whieh is all one with Stella Crinita, or Comet a. So they did call theiudgment feate fDomefettle, That which we call the Parliament, of the French Par/er to- jfpeake,they called a Witten mot, as the Meeting and alfembly of wifemen. The certaiae and inward knowledge of that which is in our minde, beit good or bad, which in the Latine word we call Confctence , they called Inwit, as that which they did inwardly wit and wore, that is, know certainely. That inariuer which the Latinescall Alaeus,m& Canalis, and from thence molt nations of Europe name Chanell, Kanell, Canute, &c. they properly called the Streame-race. Neither in the degrees of kindred they were deftitute of fignificatiue words ; for he whom wejofa French and Engl.ijh compound wordjjcall Grandfather , they called Eald-fader, whom we call Great Grandfather, ihcy called Third, ifader.) So, which we call Great Great Grandfather, they called Eortha- fader ,and his father, Fftha fader. An Eunuch , for whom we haue no name , but from the Greeks, they could aptly name Vnjlana, that is, without ftones, as We vie V‘n(iotted x for without fpot , Vnlearned , for without learning. A Couetous man, whom we fo call of the French Convoitife, they truely called Git- for, as a fore and eagre Getter , and Ga- therer. That which the Latinescall Abort at , and we in many words, Vntimely birth , ok Borne before the fill time , they called Jldifs -borne. A Porter , which we haue receiued from the French, they could in their owne word as ligmficatiuely call A Doreveard. I could particulate in many more, but this would appeare mold plentifully , if the labours of the learned Gentleman Maifter L attrence Nowell of Line olnes Anne , who firft in our time recalled the ft udy hereof, Miifter ivdham Lambert, Mai- fter I.Iofcelm , Maifter Fr. Tate were oncetmblifhed. Other wife it is to be feared, that devouring Time , in few yeates- will vtterly In Epift. 2,4 Languages. vtterly fwallow it, without hope of recouery. The alteration ancf g&skaaon in our tongne a* in all others, hath beene brought in by entrance of Strangers, as ‘p.^es, Normans , and others which haue fwarmed hither j by tra£- ficke, for new words as well as new wares , haue alwayes come in by the tyrannt Time, which altereth all vnder Heauen; by Tfe, which fwayeth mod, and hath an abfolute command in words; and by Pregnant wits , fpecially fince that learning after long baniihment , was recalled in the time of King Henry the eight, it hath beene beautified and enriched out of other good tongues, partly by enfranchifing and endenizing ftrange yyords, partly by refining and mollifying old words, partly by implan- ting new wprds with artificiall compoljtiomhappiiy cpnta^ipg themfelues within the bounds prefenbed by Horace, So th^t our tongue is ( and I doubt not but hath beene) as copious , pi- thy, and fignificatiue,as any other tongue in Europe : and I hope we are not yet and (hall not hereafter corqeto that which $e- wca faw in his time, When spew minds beginne once to inure themfelues to difhhe, wbatfoeuer is v/mB y is difdained. They af- feEl nouelty in fpeech,tbey recall forwrne and vneuth fvords/hey forge new phrajes , and that wbichSs newefi, is befi liked ; there is presumptuous and farre fetching of words. And fome there are that thinly it a grace if their fpeech do hotter, and thereby hold the hearer in fufpence : you know what followeth. Omitting this,pardon me and thinke me not ouerbalianced with aftedlion , if I thinke that our Englifh tongue is (I will not fay as facred as the Herbew , or as learned as the Greeke ,) but as fluent as the Latine, and as courteous as the Spanifh , as comtlike as the French, and as amorous as the Italian, as fome Italianated amorous haue confefl'ed. Neither hath any thing detracted more from the dignity of our tongue, than our owne affedhng of forraine tongues, by admiring^rayfing, and fludy- ing them aboue mcafure: whereas the wife Romans thought no fmallpartof their honour to confift in the honour of their lan- guage, As for a long time the Englifh placed in the Bor- roughs tow nes of Ireland and Wales, would admit neither Irifh,nor Welfh, among them. And not long fince for the ho- nour of our natiue tongue, Henry Pit**- Allan, Earle of Arm- Languages, z 5 dell, in trauaile into Italy , and the Lord William Howard of Effingham, in his gouernment of Catice, albeit they were not ignSrant of other forraine tongues, would anfwere no Grangers by word of writing, bur onely in Englifli.As in this confidera- tion alfo(before them)Cardinall Wolfej in his ambaflage into France , commanded all his feruants to vfe no French, but meere Englifh to the French, in all communication what'- foeuer. A s for the Monofyllables fo rife in our tongue , which were not fo originally , although they are vnfitting for verles and mcafures , yet are they mod fit for exprelfing briefly the firft conceiptsof the minde, or Intcntionalia , as they call them in Schooles : fo that we can fet downe more matter in fewer lines, then any other language* Neitheir do we or the Welfh fo cur- tail the Latine, that we make all therein Monosyllables, as lofeph InCatalettk, Scaliger chargeth vs ; who in the meane time forgetteth, that his French men haue put in their Provifo in the qdibt of Pacific cation in the Grammattcall warre, that they might not pro- nounce Latine diftindfly, and the Irifli not to obferue quantity of fyllablcs. I cannot yet but confeffe that we haue corruptly contracted moft names both of men and places, if they were of more then two fyllables, and thereby hath enfued no little ob- {curity. Whereas our tongue is mixed, it is no difgrace , when as all the tongues of Europe do participate interchangeably the one of the other, and in the learned tongues, there hath bcene like borrowing one from another. As tne prefent French is compo- fedof Latine , Germane , and the old Gallique; the Italian of Latine and Germane-Gotiflr, and the Spanijh of Latine, GotiJL Germane, and Arabique, or Morifqao, Yet it isfalfe which Gefner affirmeth, that our tongue is the moft mixt and corrupt of all other. For if it may pleafe any to compare but the Lords In Mithridatc. Prayer in other languages , hee fhall finde as few Latine and borrowed forraine words in ours, as in any other whatfb- cuer. Notwitnftandingthe diuerfiay of Nations which haue fvvarmed hither , and the pra&ife oE the Normans , who as a monument of their Conqueft, would haue yoaked the Englifh vnder their tongue , as they did vnder their C com=> Nonnmsie % 6 Languages. command , by compelling them to teach their children in lchooles nothing but French , by fetting dovync their lawes in the Norman-French , and enforcing themfmoftrigoroufly) to pleade and to bee impleaded in that tongue onelyforthe {pace of three hundred yeares, vntdl King Edward the third enlarged themfirft from that bondage. Since which time, our language hath rifen by little, and the prouerbeprouedvntrue, which io long had becne vfed, Iacke would be a gentleman , if he could Jpeake French. Herein is a notable argument of our Anceftors ftedfaftneffe in efteeming and retaining their owne tongue. For as be- fore the Conqueft,they mifliked nothing more in King Ed - ward the Confelfor, than that he was Frenchified, and accoun- ted the defire of for raigne language then, to be a foretoken of the bringing in of forraine powers, which indeede happened. In like manner after the Conqueft , notwithftanding thofe en- forcements of the Normans in fupplanting it, and the nature of men, which is mod pliable with a curious iolity, to fafhion and frame themlelues according to the manners, attire and lan- guage ofthcConquerours:Yet in all that long fp ace of 500. yeares, they intermingled ( very few French-Norman words, except lome termes of law , hunting , hawking , and dy- eing , when as wee within thefe 60. yeares , haue incorpo- rate fo many Latine and French , as the third part of our tongue confiftctb now in them. But like themlelues continue ftill thofe old Englilhmen which were planted in Ireland, in Fingall and the Countrey of Wejsford, in the time of King Henry the fecond , who yet ftill contjoue their ancient attire and tongue, info much that an Englifh Gentleman not long fince,fent thither in Commiflion among them, fayd chathee would quickely vndevftand the Irifh , when they fpake the ancient Englifh,. So thstonr anceftors leemed(in part)as jea- lous of their natiue language, as thofe Brittames which palled hence into Armorica in France t and marrying ftrange women there, did cut out their tongues, left their children ftiould cor- rupt their language with thc\r mothers tongues, or as the Ger- mans(yr\\\c\\ haue raoft of all Nations)oppoled themlelues a- gainft all innouations in habite and language. Whereas Languages. iy Whereas the Hebrew Rdbines fay, and that tritely .that Na- ture hath giuen man fine inftruments for the pronouncing of all letters, the lips, the teeth, the tongue, the palate, and throate ; I will not deny but feme' among vs do pronounce more fully, fome flatly, forae broadly , and no few mincingly , offending in deleft , exceffe, or change of letters, which is rather to bee imputed to the perfons and their education, than to the language. When as generally wee pronounce (by the confeflion of ftrangersj,as fweetely , fmoothly , and mode* rately, as any of the Northerne Nations of the world, who are noted to foupe their words out of the throate with fat and full fpirits. This variety of pronunciation hath brought in fome diuer- fity of Orthography, and hereupon Sir Ioim Price, to the derogation of our tongue , and glory of his Weljh , repor- teth that a fentence fpoken by him in Enghfb , and penned out of his mouth by foure good Secretaries , feuerally for triall of our Orthography , was fo fet downe by them , that they all differed one from the other in many letters : where- as to many Welfb i writing the fame likewife in their tongue, varied not in any one letter at all. Well, I will not dero- gate from the good Knights crcdite; yet it hath beene feene where tenne Englifh, writing the fame fentence , haue allfo concurred, that among them all there hath beene no other difference, than the adding, or omitting once or twife of our filent E , in the end of fome words. As for the We ‘l[h i I could neuer happen on two of that nation together , that would acknowledge that they could write their owne lan- guage.. Sir Thomas Smith her Maiefties Secretary not long fince, a man of great learning and iudgement , occasioned by fome vneertainty of our Orthography,thogh it feeme grounded vpon Somd^Reafon^ and Ctiflome, laboured to reduce it to certaine heads; Seeing that whereas of Neceflity there muff be fo many letters ineuery tongue , as there are fimple and fingle founds, that the Latine letters were not fufficient to expreffe all our fimple founds. Therefore hee wifhed that wee iliould* haue A fbort, and A long , becaufe a in and in Man of ’ ’ • G 2 horfe Languages, no*£e hath different founds ; E long as in Men moderate , and ? iBort as in 9pe« ,and an English t as in toee,tljee,lje,mel Jong, ; and I flrort,as in Bi ,per, and Bi, emere : O fhort , and O Jong, as in fmoke of the fire : V long, as in But , Ocrea, and V fhort, as in But Sed: and v or y Greeke , as flu, nu,tru. Fer confonants he would haue C be neuer vfedbut for Ch, as it was among the old Englifh, and Kin all other words ; forTh. he would haue the Saxon letter Throne , which was a D with a dafh through the head, or j>; for I confonant the Saxon j, as jet , not Ieat for Ieat-ftone , jay for lay : £^if hec were king of A,B, C, fhould be put to the home, and banifhed; and Kh in his place; as Kuik^ not Kuarel, not Quarel : Z\ hce would haue vfed for the fofter S, or eth, and es, as diz, for di- eth, liz, for lies, and the fame S inuerted for fi, as Sal for /hall, jks for flefl). Thus briefly I haue fet you downe his deuife, which albeit Sound and Reafon feemed to countenance, yet that Tyranny Cttfiome hath fo confronted, that it will neuer bee admitted. If it be any glory which the French and Dutch do brag of, that many words in their tongues do not differ from the Greeks, I can fhew you as many in the Enghfh ; whereof I will giue you a few for a tafl , as they haue offered themfelues in reading; but withall, Itruft you will not gather by confe- quence,thatweare defeended horn the Grecians. Who doth not fee identity in thefe words, as if the one defeended from the other ? v,aDere. P*£W, a roddc. P<6r«V«,reft. MaVh, theMoone. MvrtfeatjuU. T«7-8af, ateate. .. 2x*>w, a fliippe. Srpoipefy a rope. Ktttortfifr, to gallop. "Aajor, ache. . P*xof, a ragge. KA«fe«|, a climbing. ot'Sap.an vdder. 5 p«f ei, whorifh iport# Kwr«/, tokifTc. to bang. "Bps, earth. K«f Hereby may be feene the original 10F fbtWe Erjglifh words, and the Etymology or rcafon whence mkfly other are deriued, (befide themalreaoy fpecified)may as wel be found in ourtong, as in the learned tongues,although hardly ; for that herein as in other tongues, the truth lieth hidden and isnoteafily found, as both Varro and Ijidor do acknowledges But an indifferent man may iudge, that our name of themoftidtuihe ppwer,God,is better deriued from Good, the chiefe attribute of God, than Deits from becaufe God is to be feared". S o Winter from "Windc, Sommer from the Suune, Lent from ipringing, becaufe itfalleth inthefpring, for wnich our Progenitours the Ger - mans,vEt G lent. The feaft of Chrifts 'Rifing , Eafler , from the old word Eafl , which we now vfe fbr vas ingraucd in the reueftiary of the Temple, watched by two brazen dogs, which one ftale away and enfcamed it in his thigh, as you may reade in Ofirim dc Sapiextia, and the like in Rabi Hamai Spe~ cnlation : and ftrange itiswha tSamontctts Seremu a fobbed to the word ABRADACARBA,againft agues-* But there was one true Englifh word of as great, (if nor greater force) than them all, now out of ail vfe, and will be thought for found barbarous; but therefore of more efficacy (as it pleafeth Porphjrie) and in fignification it fignifieth as it ieemeth, no more then abicdl, bale- minded, falfe-hearted, coward, or nidget. Yet it hathle- uied Armies, and fubdued rebellious enemies ; and that I may hold you no longer, it is Nidmg. For when there was a dange- rous rebellion againft King Wtlham Rufm,mA Rochefter C a file, then the moft important and flrongeft fort of this Realme, was ftoutly keptagainft him, after tharhe had but proclaimed,that his fubie&s fliould repare thither to his Canape , vpon no other penalty, but that whofoeuer refufed to come , fhould be repu- . ted a Nidmg ; they (warmed to him immediately from all fides in fuch numbers , that he had in few dayes an infinite Armie, and, phe rebells therewith were fo terrified, that they forthwith yeelded. While I rnnoninthiscourfeof Englifh tongue, ra- ther refpe&ing matter then words, I forget that I may be char- ged by the minion refiners of Englifli , neither to write State- Euglifh, Court-Englifb , nor Secretarie-Englifh , and verily I acknowledge it. Sufficient it is for me, if I haue waded hither- unto in the fourth kind,which is plaine Englifh, leauing to fuch as are compleate in all, to fupply whatfoeuer remaineth. Cf The William Mal- mesbury. Niding. The Excellency of the Englifh tongue by of Anthony Efquire toW.Q '• were moft fitting (in refpeCt of dif- cretion) that men fhould firft weigh matters with judgement , and then eneline their affection , where the greateft reafon fwayeth. But ordi- narily it falleth out to the contrary; for either by cuftome, we firft fettle our affeCtion , and then afterward draw in thofe arguments to approue it, which fhould haue forgone to perfwadeour felues. This prepofterouscourfe(feeing antiquity from our elders, and vni- fierfality of our neighbours do entitle with a right^I hold’ my felfe the more freely warranted' deliran , notonely cum vutgc } but alfo cum fapienttbns, in feeking out with what commenda- tions I may attire our English language , as Stephanus hath done for the French * and diuers others for theirs. Locutio is defined, Animi fen fm per vocem exprejfto. Qn which ground I build: thefe confluences , that the firft and Foure points principall point fought in euery language, is that Wee may requifite in a exprefle the meaning of our mindes, aptly each to other. Next, Language. that wee may doe it readily without great adoe. Then fully, fo as others may throughly conceiue vs. And laftof all handfomely,that thofe to whom we fpeakc may take plea- fure in hearing vs, fo as whatfoeuer tongue will gaine the race of perfection, mult runne on thefe foure wheeles , Sig- nificance , Eajinejfe , CoptoufneJJe , and Sweet nejfe. of which the t.wo foremoft import a neceffity , the two latter a delight. i Now of the EnglifJ) tongue. 33 Now if I can proue that our Englifh Language , for all, or the moft, is matchable, if not preferable before any other in vfe at this day; I hope the a (Tent of any impartiall Reader will paflc on my fide. And how I endeauour to perforate the lame this fliort labour fhall manifeft. To beginne then with the Significancy, it confifteth in the let- Significancy. ters, words, and phrafes. And becaufe the Greeke and Latine haueeuer borne away the prerogatiue from all other tongues, they fhall ferue as touch-ftones to make our tryall by. For Letters wee haue C. more then the Greekes K. and Y. Letters, more then the Latines , andW. more then them both, or the French aud Italians. In thofe common to them and vs, wee haue the vfe of the Grerke b in our V, of our R they haue none, lb haue wee of their a and 0 in our Tb, which in that and things exprdfeth both, but of our D . they haue none. Likewife their T we turne to another vfe in yeeld, then they can , and as for E G & % neither Greekes nor Latines can make profit of themes we doe in thefe words Each, Edge, loy. T rue it is that we in pronoun- cing the Latine, vfe them alfo after this manner; but the fame in regard of the ancient and right Roman deliuery altogether abu- fiuely, as may appeare by Scahger, Sir Tuomas Smith, Lipjiue, and others. Now for the fignificancy ofwords,as euery Indmdtium is but Worck, one, lb in our natiue Englifh-Saxon Language, we find many of them futably exprefled by one Syllable : thofe confifting of more, are borrowed from other Nations , the examples are infinite , and therefore I will omit them as fufficiently noto- rious* Againe, for exprefling our paflions , our interactions are Inceriftions, very apt and forcible. As finding our felues ibmewhat agree- ued, wee cry Ah, ifmoredeepely Oh, when wee piety Alas, whenwe bemone, Alache, neither of them fo effeminate as the Italian Deb, or the French Helas • In deteftation wee fay Phy, as if therewithall wee fhould fpit. In attention Haa, in cal- ling" Wfojvpe, in hallowing Wahnhowe ,a\\ which (in my eare) feeme to be deriued from the very natures of thofe leuerall af- fections. , Compofition of words. Names. Equiuoca. Prowerbs, 5 4 the Excellency. Grow from hence to the compofition of words, and there- in our Language ha:h a peculiar grace, a like fignificaticy, and more (Lore then the Gicekes, for example in Moldwarp, vvee expreffe the nature of that beaft. In baxdkerchsr, the thing and his vfe. In upright that vertue by a Metaphore. In Wife- dome and Doomes-day , fo many Sentences as Words, and fo of the reft , for I giue onely a tafte that may direit o- thers to a fuller obfcruationofwhatmyfudden memory can- not reprefent vntome. Itmaypaffealfothemaftersofthisfig- nificancy 5 that in a manner all the proper names of our people doc import fomewhat, which from a peculier note at firft of fomc one of the Progenitors, in proceffe of time inuefted it felfe in a poffeflion of the pofteritie, euen as wee fee like of- ten befall to thofe, whofe Fathers bare fomc vneouth Chri- ftian Names. Yet for the moft part wee auoid the blemifh giuen by the Romans, in like cafes, who diftinguiftied the Perfons by the imperfedtions of their bodies, from whence grew their Na fanes , Labe ones , Front ones , Dent ones , and fuch like : how cuer Macrobitu coloureth the fame. Yea fo fignificant are our words, that amongft them fundry fiur gleones, ferue to expreffe diuers things, as by Bill is meant weapon, a fcroll, andaBirdsbeake,6y Gratie , fober, a tombe, and to carue, and by Light jnarfy, mat ch, file, fore ,and pray, the femblable. Againe,fome fentences,in the lame words carry a diuers fence, as till defert ground : fome figmfie one thing forward, and another backwards Feeler I was no fo , Of one faw I releefe. Some fig- nifie one thing forward and backward , as Ded deemed , I tot reaitter, and this Eye ,did Madam Erre? Some carry a contrary fence backeward,to that they did forward, as/ did knell ere lieu, veu ere leuell did I. Some deliuer a contrary fence by the diuers pointing, as t he Epiftle in doctor Wilfons Rhetoricke,and many fuch like, which a curious head, leafurc, andtimeraightpickeout. Neither may I omit the fignificancy of ourProuerbs concife in words, but plentifull in number , briefely pointing at many great matters, and vnder the circuit of a few lyllables, preferi- bing fundry auaileable caueats. Laftly, of the Ettglifh Tongue. 55 Laftly, our fpcech doth not eonfift onely of words, but in a Metaphors, fort euenofdeedsjas when weexpreflfe a matter by Metaphors, wherein the Engltfh is very fruitful! and forcible. And fo much for the fignificancy of our Language in mea- ning. Now for his eafineflfe in learning, the fame fhooteth out into £ a £ nc p- c to be branches. The one,ofothers learning our Language, the fecond learned, ofour learning that cf ethers. For the firfl, the moft part ofout words (as I haue touched) are Monafyllables and fo thefewer in tale, and the fooner reduced to memory , neither are wee lo- ded with thofe dedenfions, flexions, and variations, which are incident to many other tongues , but a few articles go- uerneallourverbesandNowncs, andfowereade a very fhort G rammer. For eafie learning of other Languages by ours, let thefe ferue To j e ^ as pro ofes , there are many Italian words , which the French cbers< men cannot pronounce, etceto for which he faith ajhio : many oftheFreneh with the Italian can hardly come away withall* as Bay Her chag&ni Po/hllon , many in ours , which neither of than, can vtter; as Hedge Water. So that a flranger though neuer fo long conuerfant amongft vs, carrieth euermore a watch-word vpon his tongue to defery him by, butturnean Enlifhman at any time of his age into what Country foeuer , al- lowing him due relpite,and you fhall fee him profit fo wel!,that the imitation of his vtterance,will in nothing differ from the pat- terne of that natiue Language. The want of which towardneffe co/I the Eyhramttes their skrnnes ; neither doth this croffcmy former aflertion of others eafie learning our Language. For I meane of the fence and words, and not touching the pronunci- ation. But I mu A now-enter into the large field of our tongues co- picuiheflc. and perhaps long wander vp and downe, without finding eafie way of Iffuc, and yet leaue many parts thereof vn- furueyed. My fir A preofe ofour plenty, I borrow from the choife which is giuen vs by thevfe cfdiuers Languages. Thcground of our owne appertained!. to the old Saxon, little differing from the prefent low r Dmch , becaufe they more then any of ", . their 3. CopiouCifes Borowina 5 * The Excellency their Neighbours haue hitherto prelerued that fpeech from a: ny great forreine mixture; heereamongft, the Britons haue left diuers of their words interfowed, as it were thereby making a continuall daime to their poffeflion. Wee may alfo trace the footfteps of the Danijh bitter (though not long during) fbue- rainty in thefe parts , and the Roman alfo imparted vnto vs of his Latine riches, with no fparing hand. Our Neighbours the French , haue becae likewife contented wee fhould take vp by retaile as well their tcnr.es as their fafhions : or ra- ther wee rctaine yet but fome remant of that which once hccre bare all the fway, and dayly'renue the (lore. So haue Italian Trauellers brought vs acquainted with their our fweete relifhed Phrafes, which (fo their conditions crept not in withall) were the better tollerable , yea euen we feeke to makeo ur good of our late Spaniflh enemy , and feare as lit- tle the hurt of his tongue as the dint of his Swoi^j. Seeing then wee borrow (and that not fhamefully) from the Dutch , the Rntane, the Romano, the Dane , the French , the Italian , and Spaniard ; how can our ftocke bee other then excee- ding plentiful! ? It may bee obie&ed, that fuch patching ma« kerb Litletons hotch-pot of our tongue, and ineffed brings the fame rather to a Babellifh confufion , then any one entire Language. Anfwerc. It may againe bee anfwered, that this theft of words , is no Ieffe warranted by the priuiledge ofa prefeription, ancient and vniuerfall , then was that of goods among!! the Lacedemo- nians by an enabled law ; for fo the Greekes robbed the Hebrcwes , the Latines the Greekes ( which filching Cicer» with a large difcourlc in his Booke De Oratore defendeth) and (in a manner) all other Chriftian Nations the Latine. For eui- dence hereof, many fentences may bee produced confifting of words, that in their originall are Latine, and yet (fauefome finall variance in their terminations) fall out all one with the Words one in French, Dutch, and Englifla, as Ley, Ceremonious perfons, offer diuers fan- prelate preefl, cleere candles flammeyn Temples clotfire, In chole- guages. nek' Temprature fliflers purgation is pejhlent ,pnlers prefermtiue, fhbtill Fattors , aduocates Notaries, pratti&e, Papers , Labels, Re - fillers, Regents, Maiefiy , in Palace hath triumphant Throne , Regi- of the 'Englifh Tongue. 37 Regiments, Scepter, V ajfals, Suffocation, and fuch like. Then e- uen as the Italian Potentates of thefe dayes make no difference in their Peticgrees and fucceffi ons, betweene the bed lawfullor vnlawfull, where either an ftter-wart or a better detert doth force or entice them thereunto, io may the contenting pradhte of thete Nations , pafle for a iuftLegittimationof thete baffard words, which either necdfity,or conueniency hath induced them to adopt. For our owne parts we imploy the borrowed ware fofarto our aduantage, that we raife a profit of new words from the fame ftocke, which yet in their owne Country are not marchan- table. For example, we deduce diuers words from the Latine, which in the Latine it felfe cannot be yeelded , as the verbs. To Aire i to beard,to crof'e, to flame, and their deriuations , ay ring, ayred, bearder, bearding, bearded, &c. as alfo clofer, clolely, clofene^e, glofingly, heurely, maiefticall, maieftically. In like fort we* graffe vpon French words ihofe buds, to w'hich that foile affoordeth no growth, a s chiefly, faulty, flauijh, preofeneffe. Diuers words alfo we dcriue out of the Latine at fecondhand by the French, and mak e good Englifh, though both Latine and French haue their hands clofed in that behalfe,as inthefeverbes. Pray, Point, Paz,e,Prefl, Rent, &c. and alfo in the Aduerbes carpingly, currant ly, aftiuely, colour ably, &c. Againe in other Languages there fall out defects, while they want rneanes to de- liuer that which another tongue expreffeth, as (by Cicerocs ob- feruation) you cannot interpret Inept.us vnapt,vnfit,vntoward,in Greeke. Neither Porcm Capo Veruex , a barrow Hog, a Capon, a W eather. as Cuiacius noteth, ad Tit. de verb.ftgmf. Noixo.e can you expreflfe to Jland'm French, to lye in Cornifhinor Knaue in Latine, for Nebnlo is a dowdy fellow, orinlrifh; whereas you fee our ability extendeth thereunto. Moreouer,thc copioufhefTe of our Language appeareth in the diuerfity ofourDiale6fs,for we haue Court and we haue Coun- try Englifh, we haue Northerne, and Southerne grolfcand or- dinary, which differ each from other, nor only in the terminati- ons, but alfo in many w'ord3, termes, and phrafes , and exprefle the fame things in diuers forts, yet all right Englifh alike , nei- ther can any tongue (as I am perfwaded) dcliuer a matter with more. Increafe on borrowing. Ot latine the French. Defeats ofo- ther tongues. All f jrts of Verles. Suectcncflc. Compared with others. Mixture. 3 8 Tfje Excellency more, varietie then ours , both plainely and Ly Proucrbes and Metaphors : for example , when wee would bee rid of one wee vie to lay, he going, trudge > packy , bee faring, hence, a- way ,Jhift, and by circumlocution; Rather your roome then your company, lets fee your backe , come agatne when I bid you, when you are called , fentfor , intreated , willed, defred, inuited, fare vs your place, another in your flead , a Ship of Salt for you, f'ueyour credit e , you are next the doore , the doore is open for you, there is no body holdethyouyio body tearesyourfeeue,&c.X\kc\N\fe this word Fort is wee may Anonymize after all thefe fafliioris, ttoyt, hardy, valiant, doughty, couragious, aduentrous. See. And in a word, to dofe vp thefe proofes ofour copiou fnefle, looke into our Imitations, of all forts ofVerles affoorded by a- ny other Language , and you fhall finde that Sir Philip Sidney, Matter Puttenham , Matter Stanihurfi , and diuers more haue made vie how farre we are within compafle of a fore-imagined pottibility in that behalfe. I come now to the laft and fweeteft point of the fweetenefle of our tongue,which fhall appeare the more plainely, if like two Turkey fes or the London Drapers,wc match it with our neigh- bours. The Italian is plealant but without finewes,as a ftill flee- ting water. The French, delicate , but euennice as a woman, fcarce daring to open her lippes for feare of marring her counte- nance. The Spanifh Maiefticall, but fulfome, running too much on the O. and terrible like the Diuell in a Play. The Dutch man. like but withall very harfli,as one ready at euery word to picke a quarrell. Now we in borrowing from them, giue the ftrength of confonants to the Italian, the full found of words to the French, the variety of terminations to the Spanifh, and the mol- lifying of more vowels to the Dutch, and fo (like Bees ) gather thehony of their good properties, and leaue the dregs to them- folues. And thus when fubftantialneffe combineth with delight- fulnefle, fulntfl'e with finenefle,lcemlineffe with portlineffe, and currantneffe withftayednefle, how can the Language which conhfleth of all thefe , found other then moft full of fweetneffe? Againe,thc long words that we boirow, being intermingled with the fhort of our owne ftore, make vp a perfect harmony, by culling from out which mixture (with iudgemcnt)you may frgmc of the EnglifI) Tongue, 3 ^ frame your fpeech according to the matter you muft worke on, Maiefticall, pleafant, delicate, or manly more or lefle , in what fore you pleafe. Adde hereunto, that whatfoeucr grace any o- ther Language carriethin Verfe or Profe, in Tropes. or Meta- phors, in Ecchoes and Agnominations , they may all bee liuely and exadfly reprefented inou^s. Will you haue Platoes veine? readeSir Thorns Smithy th§' lonicke ? Sir Thomas Afoore; Ci - csroes? Afcham,Varro? Chaucer, Demoftbenes? Sir lobn Cbeeke who (\n his Treatife to the Rebels ) hath compriled all the fi- gures of Rhetorick. Will you readeVirgill ? take the Earle of Surrey. Catullus? Shake fpheare and B arlowes Vrzgment, Ouid? ‘Daniel, Lucan? Spencer, Martiall? Sir lobn Dauies and others: will you haue all in all for Profe and Verfe? take the miracle of our age, Sir Philip Sidney. ; V And thusjif mine owne eyes bee not blinded by affection, I haue made yours to fee,that the moft renowned of all other na- tions haue laied vp, as in treafure, and entrufted the Diuifos orbe Britannos , with the rareft Jewels of their lips perfe&ions, whether you refpeef the vnderftanding for fignificancy, or the memory for eafineffe, or the conceit for plentifulneffe, or the eare for pleafantneflfe : wherein if enough be deliuered, to adde more then enough were fuperfluous; if too little, I leaue it to be fupplyed by better ttored capacities ; if ought amide , I fub- mit the fame to the diicipline of eueryable and impartiall cen* furer. Chriftian 40 Qhrijlian 'tones . Varro. lulius. Paris. VigiJias, Plinius. Marccllinus. De Anima cap.59. Capitolinus. Ames called in Latine Nomina qmfi Notaminiy were fir ft impoied fsrthe diftin&ion of perlbns , which we call now Chriftian Names: After, for diffe- rence of Families, which wee call Sir- names , and haue beene efpecially re- medied, as whereon the glory and credit of men is grounded , and by which the fame is conueyed to the knowledge of pofteritie. Euery perfon had in the beginning one onely proper name,as among the Iewes, Adam, Iofefhy Salomon ; awong the Egypti- ans, Ambus , Amafisy Barijis ; among the Chaldaeans, Ninns 3 Ninias yS emir amis ; among the Medians, Afiiages 3 Bardanes t Arbaces\ among the Grecians, Diomedes, Vlijfes , Orefies ; a- mong the Romans, Romulus , Remus , Fafiulus) among the old Gaules, Litavicus, Cavarillus, Divitiacus ; among the Ger- mans, Ariovifiusy ArminiusyNajJua’y among the Britans, C^jT 1 ^ beliin , Car atac,C algae ; among the ancient Englifh , Hengefl , zAElla, JCenric; likewife all other Nations, except the lavages of Mount Atlas in Barbary , which were reported to bee both namelelfeand drcamelefle. The raoft ancient Nation of the Iewes gaue the name at the Circumcihon the eight day after the natiuity; the Romans to females the lame day, to males the ninth day, which they called Dies lufiricus, as it were the clenfing day, vpon which day they folemnized a feaft called Nominalia , and as Tertullian notetb, Fata fenbenda advocabantury that is, as I conceiue, their Natiui- ty was fet. And it was enadled by the Emperour Antoninus Philofophusy that all fhould enter their Childrens names on re- cordjbefore Officers thereunto appoinced. At what time other Nations Names. 3 1 Nations in ancient times gaue names,! haue not read : but fince Chriftianity, moft Nations for the time followed the Iewes, ce- lebrating baptifme the eight day after the birth , ouely our An- ceftors in thisRealme (vntill latter time) baptized , and gaue names the very birth day , or next d ay'after, following therein the counfel cf S>Cypnan,uih\s third Epiftle Ad Ftdum. But the Maxt.Crome- Polonians gaue name in the feauenth yeare , at which time they did firft cuttheir childrens haire. The firft impofition of Names was grounded vpon fo many oceafions, as were hard to be fpecified, but the moft common in moft ancient times among all nations, as well as the Hebrews s, was vpon future good hope concerned by parents of their chil- dren , in which you might lee their firft and principall wifhes toward them. Whereupon S c . Hierome faith, V otiva & quafi 0b virtutis aufyicium imponuntur voc fibula bom'wibus ,& appella- tive vertuntur in propria , pent apud Latinos., Vitlor, P rob us, Cic de Diuina- faflus, &c. And fuch hopefull lucky names called by picero, tl0HC ‘ Bona nomina , by Tacitus, Faufla nomina, were euer firft enrol- led and ranged in the Rtmane Mufters ; firft called out to lerue at the firft facrifices, in the foundation of £o!onies,zs Stator ms, FauJ}us,JTAerius,\vhichimp]ied the perfons to be ftout, happy, and valorous. As contrariwife Atrius Vmber is accounted in Liuie , abominandi omints nomen, an abhominable name/or that it participated in fignification with difmall darken elfe, dead ghofts.and fhaddowes. And you remember what Plautus faith of one whofe name was Lico, that is, a Greedy Wolfe . Vofmet nunc facite conieEluram cater urn Quid idfit bominis, cuiLyco nomen fiet . Yea fuch names were thought fo happy and fo fortunate, SeeHerodot, that in the time of Gahenus, one Regtlianus , which comman- I9.dc Hegefi- ded in Ulyricum , got the Empire there , onely in fauour of ftrato.TrebeUi- his name. For when it was demanded at a fupper,from whence Ui - °^ 0, Regtlianus was detiued, one anfwered , d Regno, another be- ganne to decline Rex, Regis , Regi , Regtlianus , whereat the Souldiers ( which in all adiions are forward ,) beganoe with acclamation , Ergo potefi Rex ejfe , Ergo potefi regere , D Deus Ndmes. Deus tibl rcgis name* imp 'fat : and fo inuefted him \icignity, or office, good Prefence, a good Chriffian name, with a gracious Surname, and feemely attire, do efpecially grace and adorne a man. And accord ingly fayeth Panormitan ; Ex bone nomine oritur bona prafumptio . As the common ViQtt ytcu>\ Tivlghj. Mer h otkRiciM. Wald 4iC B & h Stg^H 7 wold> t/ElT^Cin Gena, Here^RadS* Stan Wi -J , . « , ny- . N ve*n-- , Ard Cttti \\jpdJ\hon. At Eai honor ttt Cj 6Yl£\ j x xyr * > *" j t ith ^o7a^,hJL eod f ,, ytR ed jjr. Theod Will id' Helm \ Leofr^ RodJi- Ward Win,&ci x Hi Ip, , Rn/i,Sj In***--. fo. Hud , kVrO 'R, ‘in. C,Hf. And thcfe not out of fuppofttiue conie&ures, but out of Al~ fricus Grammer, who was a learned Archbifhop of fanterbu* ry, well neere fixe hundred yeere fince, and therefore not to bee fuppofed ignorant of the Englifh tongue, out of the Englifh- Saxon Teflament , P falter, and Lawes, out otwillcramm Para - fhrajis vpon the Canticles , and the learned Notes thereon by a man skilful in the Northerne tongues, as alfo out of Beat us Rhe - natus, Mafter Luther SDaJipodius, Kiliianus t yj\\o haue laboured in illuftration of the old German tongue, which vndoubtedly is the matrix and mother of our Englifh. But I thyike it moft fit- ting to this purpofe,tofhew thofe my grounds in their proper places hereafter. In the T able following. Cjre. noterh the name to be Greeke, GVrw. German, La- tine, Ere. French, Hebr. Hebrew, Brit. Welfh, Sax. Saxon, or old Englifh. Vfmi Vfuall Qhrtflian JsQtmes* icher, or Mountaine of fortitude. i earthly, or red. Adelrad, fee Ethelrad. Adolph, fee Eadulph. Adrian ,fee Hadrian. Alan , is thought by Inline Scaliger (forae of whofe Pro- genitors bare that name ) to fignifie an hound in the Sclanonian tongue,and Chaucer vfeth Aland in the fame fence : neither may it feeme ftrange to take names from beafts. The Romans had their (fan'tnius, Aper, Afimvu , I &c. and the Chriftians Leo,Lupus,Vrfila. But whereas this came into England with Alan Earle of Britane, to whom the Conquerour gaue the greateft part of Rich- \ mondjhire, and hath beene moft common iince that time in the Northerne parts, in the yonger children of the no- ble houfe of Percies, and the family of Zouch, defeended Earles df Brit dine;} would feek it rather out of the Brit-, tiff}, then Sclauonian tongue, and will beleeue with an ancient Britan, that it is corrupted from ^Eliamts, that is, Sunne-bright, as they corrupted Vitehanpu into Gui- [ dalan. Auery in Latine Albericus, deduced from the Germane name Alberic , Giuen in wifh, and hope of royall po- wer, Empire, Kingdome, wealth and might* as Plutar- ch us, Ar chit as. Crates, Crater us, Poly crates , Pancra- tius , with the Greekes ,Re gains, Opimim, &c. with the Latines. The Kingofthe Gothes, which facked Rome, bearing his name, was called by the Romans Allaricm . i the old EngHiBmentdrneditinto Alrie , the A r -'we: . Names, mighty, able, powerful!, attributes to a Kingdome; the word yetremaincs in that fence among all the German Nations dilperfed in Europe, and htrle mollified doth luffidently prooue. The Italians receiuing it from the Longobardes ,hauc turned it into Ricco ; the Spaniards from the Gothes into Rico', the French from the Frankes into Riche ; we from the Saxons into Rich,&c. Fortuna- , tus Venantius, who liued about a thou land yeeres fince, tranftated it by Potens, and Fort is, \n thefe verfes to Hil~ piric King otFrance- y ' r Hilpericepotens,fi interpret barbarusadfit , \ Adiutor fortis hoc quoqne nomen habet. J, Ncc fint in vanum fie te vocitare parentes , Prafagum hoc totum laudis, & omen erat. t \ As that Hdperic did fignifie puiflant and mighty j helper. This name is viuall,, written Chilperic , Bnt the | C. was fet before for Coning , that is , King , as in j Qotharim , (flodouens , Cheubertm , for Loth anus, , Lodoueus, Hertbertus. Aubry hath, beene a moil com- mon name in the honourableTamily of V ire, Earles of j Oxford. . j Alban, Lat. white, or High , as it pleafeth other: The name i ! of our Stephen and fir ft Martyr of Britaine. ] Alvin. Sax, All vitdorious, or Winning all , as VtElor and 1 Vineentius in Latine, Nicetas and Nicephorus, in gr. The Yorkefhireman, which was Schoolemafter to (fa- | | rolus Magnus, and perfwaded him to found theyhiuer- fity of Paris, i s in an Englifh-Saxon treatife called Al- i win. But the French, ns it feemeth, not able to pronounce th cW , called him Alcuimts , and Albmus. Albert , G erm. All-bright •, as Epiphanius ,Phadrus , Eudox- us with the Grecians : Lncilms, lllufirius, F Agent ius, with the Latines, Besrt , and Bert, as Alfricus , and j Rhenanus do tranflate it , is famous, faire , and clear e- l 1 1 W hich the rather I beleeue, for that Bertha a German i | Lady lent into Greece , was there called Eudoxia in the j : | fame fence , as Luitprandtss icporteth. They moreouer If’ that Names 5 that in ancient Bookes are written Ecbert,Sebert Ethel- bert , in the latter are written Ec bright, Sebright , Ethel- bright : So thatf Bert in composition of names ) doth not fignifte Beard, a» fome'franflate it. \ Alfred, Sax, Allpeace, not varying much in fignification from Iren&us. Eal, All, A-l in old Englifh compound names, is anwerable to Pan and Pam in Greeke names, as P amphilus ,P ammachius , Pan at ins, Pantdleon,f;c. Aldred, Sax. All reuerend feare. Alexander, Gre. Succour man, or helper of men. Alphons,lfit bee a German name , and came into Spaine with the Gothes, a German Nation, it is as much as Hel- funs,thzt\s,Ourhelpe, and probable it is to bee a Gotifh name, for Alphons the firft King of Spaine of that name. Anno 740. was defcended from the Gothes. Amerj,'m Lattne Almaricus, from the German Emench, ■ that is, Alwaies rich, able, and powerfull, according to 1 Luther : the French write it Aumery, as they of Theo- dor ic, Henric, Frederic, make Terr ey, Henry , Ferry . Ambrofe, gre: D mine, lmmort all. Amie, from the French, Amie, that is, Beloued , and that from Amatus, as.£ald,Qzx man names, and <±Anskctellv- fed much in the ancient houfe of the Mallories , feeme to defeend from one head . Archibald, vide Erchenbald , iArfaft,S*x. Goodly-ma n[Alfricus.'] Arnold, ger. Honeft ; but the Germans write Ernold. Tro- , bus in Latine {Luther. ~\ It hath beene common in the old family of the Bojfes. Arthur, a Latine name in Iuvenaljbxv^w. from the good- ly fixed ftarre Arbiter us, and that from ArEtus is the Beare, as Vrjicinus amongft the Romans. The famous Arthur made this name firft famous amongft the Brit- tanies. Augufltnt, Latine. Encreajing , or Matefltcall from Au- guflus, as VtUorinus, lujtinus, Conjlantinus from Victor, Iuftus, Confians, according to Molinaus. One obferueth that adoptiue names do end in anus, as as o Ahnilianus, Detnitianus , Iujlinianus , adopted by i/EmMusfDomitiuSy Iuflimts [ Ltlius GtraldusJ] Y^Aldwm, Ger. If wee beleeue Luther , Speed/e Cenque - 1 rour, if Rhenanus, and Lipfus, Victorious porter. But j where- J Names. 55 whereas lornandes, cap. 29. flieweth that King ALric was furnamed Baldb, id eft, Attdax : for that hce was bold and aduentrous, and both Kiliamtt , and Lipfim himfelfc doth confeffe, that it was ancicndy in vfe , for bold and confident, Baldmn mu ft fignifie Boid viflor, as Winbald, the fame name inuerted , Etbelbald nobly bold, Willibald very bold and confident, concurring fomewhat in ngnification with Thrafeas, Thraji- macbus , Thrafibulw , Tbrajillui of the Grecians. So all the names wherein Win is found, feeme to im- ply victory, as Tatewin, Learned vi6tor, Bertwin, Fa- mous viftor, Earletvin , Glorious or honourable victor, and Vmvin, yet amongft the Danes for inuincible ( lo- ttos Turf on ) as A meet us in Grceke. According wee may iudge that moft names wherein Win is found , to rcfcmble the Greeke names, Nicetes, Nicocleu Nico- machtu , Nicander, Polynices, &c. which Irnnt Nice'm them. Bapijh 3 gre. A name giuen to S. Iehn, for that he firft bapti- zed,and to many fince in honour of him. Bardulph, Germ, from Bertulph i.faire helpe. Vlpb, Wolf Hulf, Oy&lf, Htlp, Helf fignifie Helpers Luther and o- thers affure vs. So ^A^lfwin, Victorious helpe, zA Eelfric . Rich or powerfull helpe,eyiVfo ? <5/^ Helping Gouernour, sAElfgina Helpe-giuer. Names conformable to Boetiiu, Sjmmacbm,&£c. Bartbolmcr»,Hebr. the lonne of him that maketh the wa- ters to mount , that is, of God which lifreth vp the minde of his teachers, and drops downe water (S&c- gedmm.) Barnabai ,or Barnabie, bebr. fonneofiheMafter,lorfonne of Comfort. Baruch, bebr. the fame which Bennet 3 blcfCed. Bafifgre. Royall, Kingly, or Princely. Bede, Sax. He that prayeth, ora deuout man, as Eucheriw , • or Eufebtiu in Greeke. We retaine ftill B edman in the I lame fence , and to fay ourbedes, is but to fay our pray- 1 . ers. . I Beam j Baldh. Epift.43. Cent. Win. VlphWolph Huif.AEJf. Hil P ,Kelf, Bern, or Barn. 6 ' Names . Beam , may feemc probably to bee corrupted from the name of the famous (felttqiie King Bellovefus. When as the French hauc made in like fort Beavois of the old Ci- ty Bchovacum. In both thefe is a fignificancy of beauty. In latter times Bogo hath beene vfed in Latine for Be, *- vis. Benet, Lat. contracted from BenediUns. /.Bleffed. Beniamin, He. The fonne of the : igbt band, or Films dierum [ ( Pbilo : ) Sec lofeph. It. T. zHrchaiologias. ' ' Bernard, Germ. Saint Bernards (flmiac Monkes drew it from Bona Nardus, by allufion ; fome turne it Hard child, in which fence Barne is yet retained with vs in the North. If it be deriued as the Germans wil haue it from Bearne, which fignificth a Beare 3 \th anfwerable to iAr~ thttr. Others yet more iudicially u&ndate Bernard, into Fill alts tn doles, f'bildehk.o difpoftion toward Parents, as Bernher yLord of many children. It hath beene mod com- mon in the houfe ofBrus^of (fonmngton an & Exton. Out of the which the Lord Harrington of Exton , and Sir Robert (fottonds. (fonmngton are defeended, as his moft j excellent Maicfly from Robert Bras , eldcfl: brother to , the firfl Bernard, \ Bret ran, (or Bertrand, Vane and pure; fome thinke that the Spaniards haue(with fweetcr found drawne Whence their : Fernando, and Ferdinando. i Blafe, Gr. Budding forth, ox Sprouting with encreaie. j Boniface , Lat. Well doer , or Good and fweete face : Sec Winefrid. Bonauenture, Lat. Goodadventure , as Eutychius among I the Greeks. Eauflus and Fort an at us among the Latines. 1 Botolpb , Sax. contracted into Botall, Helpe-fhip, as Say- lers in that age were called Bote ferries. In part it is an- fwerable to the Greeke names, Nauplius, Naumachi - USy&C. Brian, Fre. written in old bookes, B riant and Orient, Shrill voyce, as among the Romans Voconius, [ Nicotius.’] Balthafdr, Heb , Searcher of Treafure, or without trea- fure. f Cai- Nantes, 5 ; c- C^Aius, Parents ioy. T. Probus. Caleb, Heb. Hearty, Philo, Califthenes , Gre. Beautifullandftrong. Cara dye, Brit. Deerely beloued. Quart, Cafar, This came a late to be a Chriftian name among vs. Spartianus faith it was firft giuen for killing of an Ele- phant, which in the Moores language is called C<&- far ; or that he was cut out of his mothers wombe, or borne with a budi of haire , or grey eyes. Such variety of opinions is concerning a name , which as hee fayth. Cum aterninate mmdt duraturum. Charles, Germ. According to •/. Du. Tillet , from farl, that is, ftrong ,ftowt,couragious, and valiant, as Vtrius, Valerius, Valent, &c. with the Romans, (/rater us, &c. with the Greekes j not from the Greeke Charilaus, which fignifieth Publicola, the Claw-backe of the peo- ple. The Hungarians call a King by a generall name Carl ( Aventinus . ) And Carl is onely in the coines of £arolus Magnus , Scaliger makes Carllman and Carlman anfwerable to the Greeke Andreas . Chrtfiopher, Gree , Chrijl-carrier , a name, as learned men thinke , deuifed , and a picture thereunto my- ftically applyed, as a reprelentation of the dutyes of a true Chriftian, and was as their No fee teipfum . Of ■fiich myfticall Symboles of the Primitiue ChriftiansJ See I ofeph Scaliger ad Freherum. Chryfoflome, Gre. Golden-mouth • Clemens , Lat. Meeke,Milde,md Gentle (fonflantin, Lat. Fafl, or Fir me, for which in feme parts of the Realme we vie Cuftance. fonrad. Germ. Able -com fell, or Adutfed valour , as /#- lius Scaliger will Exercitat. 256. But here is to be noted, that Rad, Red, and Rod, fignifie eomfel and aduife. {Luther, Alfricus } Killian} and differ only in Dialed, 1 E as Gaftius Bri* facenfis. Rad, Redg Rod, 5 8 Names. | as Stan, Sten, St we. And this appearcth by that which the Northerne men cryed when they killed Walter Biflhop of Dure fine , Short Rad , good Rad: 3 cjHeilj/ee the Bifhop, that \s, Short Corn fell , Good Com- felloe. 2H. Paris. Corneltm , Lat. All draw it from (fornu an home. (futhbert, Sax. Not Cut-heard, as fome fablc,buc famous, bright, andcleare skill or knowledge 3 according to the old verle ; Qjpj 3 gerit certtim Cuthbert de luce vocamen . No man doubteth bilt (futh fignified knowledge, as vneuth vnknowne ; So (futhwin skilfull vi&or 3 (futhred 3 1 skilfull in counfell. I Cyprian, Gre. From Cypria 3 a name of Venus , fo na- » medof thelfle of Cyprus , where fhe was efpecially honoured. Cadrvallader,Brit. A warrelike name, deduced from Cad 3 that is , Battaile , as it feemeth : but I referre it to the learned Britt aines. Qrefcens, Lat. Increasing. D„ | j Ante l, Heb. Iudgement of God. Dauid, Heb. Beloued. ‘Demetrius, Ger. Belonging to Ceres. Denis, Gre. For Diony/ius, which fome fetch from Dios | nom.i. dititne minde. It is one of the names of the drunkard Bacchus , and deriued by Nonnms in his Dionyjiacis , from I up iter his lame leg, for Ntfos fgni- fieth,fayth he, lame in the Syrian tongue : and wee 1 ; will imagine that lupiter halted when Bacchus was i enfeamed in his thigh. But Saint Denis of France hath mod graced this name. DtUyinLat. Drugo 3 or Drogo , Subtile, as Callidius in Latine, if it come from the Saxon or Germane ; But if j I it be French,!*;#?// and Lufi y, ( Nicotinsi) J Dmfirn, | I Names. 59 Dunftan, Sax. One that writeth Saint Dux ft Am life, faith the name is anfwerable to Aaron.i. Mountaine of fortitude. That Dm with the old Englifh figni- a mountaine or high hill , is apparent , that they cal- led mountaine man Dunfettau , and Downe conti= nueth in the like fence with vs. Others fuppofe it to fignifie Adoft high , as among our Anceftors Leof- ftan fignified Adoft beloued \ Betftan , Beft of all , Frtd~ ft An , moft peaceful!, 3c c. Stan being the moft yfuall termination of the Superlatiue degree. Stan. E. E A cigar, Sax. For Eadtg-ar, Happy, or Blejfed, Honor, or Power , for I find it interpreted in an old Hiftory i Foeltxfoteftas. The laft verfe of Ethelwardus Hiftory feemeth toprooue the fame, and Eadig, (for the which Ead was vfed in compofition , ) is the word in the fixtof Saint Mathew in the Englifh Saxon teftament, lb often iterated, for Bleffed in the Beatitudes. That Ear, ox Ar , fignifie honour it appeareth in the Saxon lawes , and in lonas Turfon Dantfh Vocabulary , as Arise , and Earlic , Honourable. And from hence commeth our honourable name of Earles, which came hither with the Danes , as may be gathered out of Ethelwardus. - Edmund , Saxon. For Eadmund , Happy, or bleffed peace : Our. Lawyers yet doe acknowledge Adund fox Peace in their word Adundbrech , for breach of Peace. So zaElmund all peace , Kinmmd , Peace to his k[\xxcA,Ethelmund noble peace; yet I know that fome trarflate Adundby Mouth, as Pharamwid , True Mouth. Eadulpb. Sax. Happy helpe. Eadwtn , Happy vi Free , not feruile, or bond; The fame with the Grceke Eleutheriufind the Latine Liber ms. '■ Frederic, Germ : Rich peace, or as the Monkc which made this allufion. Peaceable raigne. M Eft adhibenda fides rationi nominis hums Compoftti Frederic , duo components cuius Sunt Frid eric ,F ndnft^nift pax, Ric, j^uifi regnum Sic per Uendiadin Fredericus, quid ni ft vel rex Pactficus ? vel regia pax ? paxfpacifieufife. For Frderic the Englifh haue commonly vfed Frery, and Fe?^, which hath bin notva longtime a Chrifiian name in the ancient family of Tilneyfind lucky to their houfe,a$ they report. Fremund , Sax. Frce-peace. ' Foul ft, or Fulke, Germ. SomC deriue it from the Germ. Vollg. Noble and Gallant. But I from Foie , theEng- lifh-Saxon word for people , as though it were the fame with Publius of the Romanes, and only tranflated from Publius , as , beloued of the people and com- mons. . ; i Fulbert, Sax. Full bright. , Fulcher , Sax. Lord of people Ferdmando, See Bertram. This name is fb variable, that I cannot refolue what to fay : for the Spaniards make it Hernand , and Hernan , the Italians For an do find Fe- rante, the French Ferrant , which is now become a furname with vs, and the Latines Ferdinandus : vnleffe we may thinke it is fetchc by tranfpofition from Fred, and Rand, that is, Pure peace. Gains Barnes. *3 i rij&uj ' See Cam, » ' ^ ^ Gabriel , Hebrew, Mat* of God , or Strength of God. Gamaliel, Heb. Gods reward , as Deodatsu, Theodor tu, Theodofitii. Garret , for Gerard, and Gerald : See Euerard, for from thence they are detorted , if wee beleeue Gefnerus. But rather Gerard may leeme to fignifie, All to- wardnefle , as Gertrud , AU truth , Gerwin , All vi&orious , and the German nation is lb named , as All andfully men. Gawen, a name deuiled by the author of King# Arthurs Table, if it be not Walwin : See Walwin. George, Gre. Husbandman, the fame with Agricola , a name of Ipeciall relpedl in England fince the vi- ctorious King Edward the third chofe Saint George for his Patrone, and the Englifh in all encounters, and battailes , vfed the name of Saint George in their cryes, as the French did , Mouthy Saint Dense. Gedeon,Heb. A breaker, or Defttoyer. German, Lat. Of the lame ftocke, True, no counter- feit, or a naturall brother. S. German , who fupprelfed the Pelagian herefie in Brtttaine , about the yeare 430. aduanced this name in this Ifle. Gemot, Gervajlus in Latine, for Gerfafl , (as lome Germans conieCture) that is. All lure, firme, or, fall. If it be lb, it is onely Conflans tranflated. But it is the name of a Martyr, who fuffered vnder Nero at Millaine , who if hee were a Grecian , as his fellow Martyre Protafius was, it may fignifie graue and Ancient, or honourable, as wrefted from Geroufms. Geffrej , Ger% from Ganfred } Ioyfull peace. Kilianus „ E 4 tranfla- Ger. Gar. Akhameras. (juljnduj. 64 tZames. I tranflateth Gat*. Ioyfull , as the French doe Gay. That Fred and Frid , doc fignifie peace , is moft certaine , as Fred-Jlole , id eft , Pacts cathedra. See Frederic . ' Gilbert, Ger. h I fuppofed heretofore to fignifie Gold-like- bright, as Aurelius or Auralianus , or the yellow- bright,as Flarnus with the Romans. For Geek is yel- low in old Sax onj and ft ill in Dutch, as Gilvus accor- ding to to fome in Latine. But becaufe it is written in Doomfe-day booke, Giflebcrt,l iudge it rather to figni- fie Bright or braue pledge; for in old Saxon, Gifle figni- ■ fieth a pledge,and in the old Englifh booke of S.Augu- Jlines of Canterbury ', fureties and pledges for keeping the peace arc called Fredgifles. So it is a well fitting name for children, which are the only fweet pledges and pawnes of louebetweene man and wife, and ac- cordingly called Dukta ptgnora, and Pjgnora amoris. 1 Giles , is miferably difioynted, fxom.tAZjridius, as Gillet from cAZgidia, by the French , as appeares in Hifto- ries by the name of the Duke of Roll os wife. It may ■> feeme a Grceke name , for that Saint Giles , the firft r; that I haue read lo named, was an Athenian, and fo drawne from Atgidton , that is. Little Kid, as we know AJartianus Cay ell a had his name in like fenfe ; I yet fome no lefte probably fetch Ctles from Iulius, . as Gilian from Juliana Godfrey , Ger. From Godfrcd , Gods-pcace, or godly; for the Danes call godhneffe Gudfreidhed [ Jonas Turfon.’] Godard, Gre. Strength of God , or Gods-man, as Ga- briel according to Luther. But I thinke it rather to fignifie Godly difpofition or towavdnefie,for Ard and I Art in the German tongue, doe fignifie Towardneffe, 1 Aptnes, or difpofition. As Maynard, poweifull difpo- fition, Gijfard, Liberall difpofition,ps Largus, Bernard Childlike difpofition, Leonard Lion like difpofiti- on, as Leoninus ; Reynard, pure difpofition, as « Sync crus. I Godwin, A Names. *5 i Godwin, germ. For Win-God, conuerted, or Victorious in •God. Godrich,ger. Rich or powerful! in G od. Gregory, gre. Watching, watchfull, as Vigilant ins and Vi~ gilitu in the Latme. Griffith, brit. Some Brittaines interpret it Strong faithed. Gruff n, brit. Ifhe bee not the fame with Griffith, (ome doe fetch from Rufhms, Red, as many other Welfh names are deriued from colours. 1 Grimbald,ger. But truly Cjrirnoald, power ouer anger, as Radoald, power of councell, (Luther) a name vfuall in the old family of Pamcefoote. Gw if chard. See Wifchard. jj Guy in Latine, Guido from the French Guide. A guide, lea- j der, or dire&or tfo other. H Adrian, Lat. deduced from the City Hadria, whence . ^ . Hadrian the Emperour had his original!. Gefner nus ' P arua * jbtingeth it from the Greeke , Kt&e, Groflfe or weal- Hadr.inlitr. thie. vita; fuse. Hamon , heb. Faichfull. I Hanibal, A Pmic\ name, Gracious Lord* HeElor,gr. Defendour,accordingto Plato. Henry, Germ, in Latine Henricus. A name fo famous ] fince the yecre 9so.when Henry the fivft was Emperor, that there hath beeneleuenEmperours, eight Kings of England , fourc Kings of France , as many of Spaine of that name. But though now vnlucky in French Kings : When as King Henry the fecond was flaine at Tilt, King Henry the third and fourth, ftabbed by two villanous monflers of mankind. If Einric bee the original!, it fignifieth Euer rich , or power- full. If it bee deduced from Herric , which the Ger- mans vfe now, it is as much as Rich-Lord. lone r H ii In Epiftolis. Hare, Here. 66 NdMfif. pofed not without fome ptobality, that it was contrac- ted from Houor'tcus, of which name, as Procopius man- tioi ieth, there was a Ptincc of the Va ndales, in the time of Honorius, and therefore likely to take name of him, as he did from Honor. And lately I haue found that Fr. Phidelphus is of the fame opinion. Howfoeuer it hath beene an ominous good name in all refpedts of fignifica- , tion. Hengefl , Sax. Horfe-man, the name of him which led the firlt Englishmen into this Ifle , fomewhat anfwerable to the Greeke names, Philippe, Speufippus, (tefippus ; his brother in like fort was called Horfa. Harhold, Sax. Luther interpreteth it Gouemour or gene- rail of an Army , and fo would I if it were Harwold. But being writ'ten Harhold, and Her old, I rather tume it Ioue of the Army. For Hold , fee Rhein hold. For Hare and Here that they fignifie both an Army , and a Lord, it is taken for granted : Yet I fufpedt this Here , for a Lord to come from the Latine Herns. See Ethelwold. Herbert, Germ. Famous Lord, bright Lord, or Glory of the Army. Herwin,gcr. Viflorious Lord, or Vi&or in the Army. Harman, or Herman , gre. Generali of an Armie, the fame which Strata or Polemarchus in Greeke : Ca- far turned it into Hr min tut [ Tfcudns. ] Hence the German Dukes are called Hertogen , as leaders of Armies. Hercules, gr. Glory , or illumination of the aire, as itplea- feth /vine robins , who affirmed it to bee proper to the Sunne, but hath beene giuen to valiant men for their 8 loi y- Hierome,gr. Holy name. * Hildebert , germ. Bright, or famous Lord. See Maud. Hilary, Lat. Merry and pleafant. Howel , A Britifh name, the original! whereof fome Bri- J tan may finde. Goropim tume . i‘ Sound, or whole, as f wifely as he faith, Engh fh-men ytftx called Anglt. ■>-> j caufe l Names. 6y caufe they were good Anglers. I rather would fetch JFJoel ftom Halms ^ that i s, Sunne-bright, as Cod from Ccelius. Hugh, Auentinm , deriueth it from the German word H otigen , that is, (lafher or cutter. But whereas the name Hugh , was fir ft in vfe among the French, and Otfrid in the yeere poo. vfed H ugh for Comfort; I iudge this name to bee borrowed thence , and fo it is correfpondent to the Greeke Names Epidim , and E/pis. Humfrej, Germ, for Humfred, Houfe-peace,^ louely and happy name, ifit could turne homc-warres betweene man and wife into peace. The Italians haue made O ne- phritis of it in Latine. H ubert i Sax. Bright forme, faire fhape,or faire hope. Horatio , I know not the Etymology , vnlefle you will deriue it from the Greeke 3 or as of good eye-fight. 3 I Acob, heb. A tripper or fupplanter.Whofe name becaufe he had power w'ith God , that hee might alfo preuaile with men, was changed into Jfraelby God. See Genef cap. 3 2. Thtlo de nominibm mutatis. lames , Wrefted from Iacob, the fame. I ago in Spanifh, Ia- ques in French, which fome Frenchified Englifh,to their difgrace,haue too much affedtedL lafper. lbd> See Tbell. 1 sachim , heb. Preparation of the Lord. Jeremj, heb. High of the Lord. Joab, heb. Fatherhood. John^heb. Gracious, yet thought fo vnfortunate in Kings; for mat John King of England , well neere loft his Kingdome ; and John King of France was long captiue 86 Names. cap tine in England-, and IohttBaM , was lifted out of I his Kingdomc of Scotland, that Iohn Steward when the I Kingdomc of Scotland came vnto him , renouncing that name, would bee proclaimed King Robert. See 1 Ivon. lob, heb. Sighing or forrowing. Iordan, beb. The riucr of Judgement. Iofuah,heb. As lefuiab Sauiour. Iofcclm, Adiminitiuefiom/oy? or Iuflrn , as Iufiulus ac- cording to Ijkbius, but mollified from Joflelm , in the old Nctherland Language, from whence it came with lofcelmof Lovarty yonger fcnnc of Godfrey Duke of Brabant , Progenitour of the Honourable Percies ^ if not the firft, yet the moft noble of that name in this Realme , Nicotitts makcth it a diminitiue from lofifru- docnt. I ofeph, beb. Encrcafing ( Philo ) or enereafe of the Lord. lofiai,heb. Fire of the Lord. Iofuah, heb. The Lord Sauiour. Ingelbert , See Engelbert . Ingram, Germ. Engelramus in Latine, deduced from En- gel/ which fignifieth an Angell , as Angelo is common in Italy , lb Engelbert leemeth to fignifie bright Angell. Ifaac, heb. Laughter, the fame which Gelafms among the Greekes. Ifrael, beb. Seeing the Lord, or preuailing in the Lord : S eelacob. IttltHs.gre. Soft haired, or moffie bearded , fo doth Itilius fignifie in Grecke. It was the name of zAlneas fon,who was firft called I Ins. I Ins erat dum res fletit Ilia regno. i. The old Englishmen in the North parts turned lulms into Ioly,2cA the vnlearned Scribes of that time may fecme to haue turned I nh anus into Ioliams, for that name doth often oceurre in o Idc euidences. Ition Names. 6y tun, is the fame with John, and vied by the Welfli , and Sclavontans for lob* ; and in this Realme about the Conqueroitrs time John was rarely found, but luon as I haue obferued. I Jonathan, belt. The fame with Theodor m, m&TheodoJfw, I that is, Gods gift. tTEnhelme, Sax. Defence of his Kindred. Helm , Defence (Luther:) {oEadhelme, Happy defence, Brtght-helme, Faire defence, Sig-belme, Victorious defence, i Kenard, Sax. Kinde difpofition, and affcCtion to his Kin- ! a dred. ’ L XAmbertySax. As fomethinke, Faire Lambe, Luther ■^turneth it, Farre famous. Lancelot feemeth a Spanifo name, and may fignifie a Launce , as the military men vfe the word now for an horfcman. Some thinke it to be no ancient name , but forged by the Writer ofKing Arthurs Hiftory, for one of his doubty Knights. Laurence , lat. Flourishing like a Bay tree t the fame that Ttaphnie in Greeke. i Lazarus, Htb. Lords-helpe. • Leofjlan, Sax. Moil beloued. Leofivif: ySax Vin-loue, or to bee loued, as «, Agapetpu , » and Erajh » ts with the Greekes, and Amandin with the j Latines. | Leonard, germ. Lion-like difpofition, as Tbymoleon with j the Greekes, or Popular is indoles, as it plealeth Lip fins, I ‘ that is, People-pleafing difpofition. • * K ... ?o Names. Leod. Aimoniuslib. * c.8. MWeJferus rerumBoioca* rum.p.118. Lewis, Wrenched from Lodowic^ which Tilius interpre- ted, Refuge of the people. But fee Lodowicke. Lcwlin, brit. Lyon. like , the lame with Leom'tmu, and Leontius. Lionel, l At. Leonellus, that is, Little Lyon. Lecdegar, or Legcr,germ. (gatherer of people, Lip fins in Foltorceticis , or, Altogether popular. Leopold, germ. Defender of people , corruptly Leopold. In our ancient tongue Leod fignified people of one Ci- ty, as Leodfcrtp , was to them Rejpublica. The Nor- therne Germans haue yet Leud in the fame fence. So Luti,Liudi,Leutt, and Leudt, as the Dialed varieth, fig- nifies people. In which fence, the Normans in the life of Carolus Magnus , were called Nort-Lettd. The names wherein Leod are found, feeme tranflated from thofe Greekes names, wherein you fhall finde ‘Demos and Laos, as Demoflhenes, that is. Strength ofthe peo- ple. Demochares , that is , Gracious to the people. Demophilus , that is, Louer of the people. Nico - codemus , that is, Conquerour of people. Laomedon, that is. Ruler of people. Laodamas, that is. Tamer of people, &c. Liuin,germ. The fame with Amatos, that is, Bcloued [Kilianusi] Luke, heb. Riling or lifting vp. Ludouic , germ. Now contracted into (filottis and Louis. Famous tVarrier , according to that of Helmoldus Nt- Nempe fonat Hludo praclarum, Wiggh quej ? Mars efi. M jyj A doc, brit. from Mad, that is, good in the Welfh, as ' far adoc, from fare, that is, Beloued. The fame with Agatbias in Greek? [Dift. WaUtcstm.'] Mai- l Names. 71 , Malachias,heb. My Meflengcr. Manajfes,heb. Not forgotten. Marcellus , lat. Plutarch out of PcJJidonius deriueth it ' from Mars , as martiall and warlike, other from Mar- culus , that is, an Hammer. * The latter times tur- ned it to Martell and Mallet , which diuers tooke for a Surname , bccaufe they valiantly did hammer and beate downe their aduerfaries ; Sec Malmef. M- 54 - Mar maduc, germ. Mermachtig as fome coniedlurc, which in old Saxon fignifieth More mighty, being fweetened in found by proceffe of time.A name vfuall in theNorth, but moft in former times in the noble families of Tweng, humley, and Confiable i and thought to be Valentimanus tranflated. Marke } In Hebrew fignifieth High , but in Latine , ac- cording to Varro , it was a name at the firftgiuen to them that were borne in the moneth of March ; but ac- cording to F eft us Pompeius , it fignifieth a Hammer or Mallet , giuen in hope the Perfon fhould bee mar- tiall. Mathew, heb. Gods-gift. Martin, lat. From Martins, as Antoninus from Antonins. Saint Martin the millitary Saint, Bifhop of Tonresfi rft made this name famous among the Chriftians by his admirable piety. Mercury , lat. Quafi medius currens inter Deos & homines, as the Gramarians Etymology ze it. A mediate courfitor betweene gods and men. Meredith , brit. In Latine Mereduc'ms , Merric. brit. in Latine Meuricus , I know not whether it be corrupted from Maurice . Michael , hebr. Who is perfedl ? or Who is like God ? The French contradl it into Miel. Maximilian , Anew name, firft deuifed by Frederic the third Emperour, who doubting what name togiue to to his fonne and heire , compofed this name of two worthy Romans names, whom hee moft admired, Fabius jz Names. Fabius Maxima , and Serf to *AE ntilianus , with hope, that his fonne would imicatctheir vercues. (Hteron'tmiu Gebvilertui cltfamilta Attflriacxl) Mtles , Ut. Milo, which Tome fetch from Milium , a kind of Graine called Mtllet , as probably as Pliny draweth Fab tut, Lentulus, Qicero from Faba, Lens , Cicer, that is, beancs, Ientell, and chich pcafe. But whereas the French contra& Michael into Miel: fomc fuppofe our Mtles come from thence. * i, Mofes , beb. Drawne vp. Morgan, brit. The fame with Pelagias, that is. Sea-man, if we may bcleeue an old fragment, and Mor fignifics the Sea among the Wefh : So Marins, Marinas, Ma- rian ns, and Pontius among the Latines haue their name from Mare and Pont ms the Sea. Maugre, a name eftfoones vied in the worfhipfull family of V ivafors, Malgerius , in old Hiftories. Quart. Morice , from the Latine Mauritius , and thatfrom Mats- rut, A Moore, as Syritim from Syr us a Syrian. The name not of any worth in his owne fignification, but in refpe$ of Saint Maurice,* Commander in theThebane Legi- on, martyred for the Chriftian profeffion vnder Max 't- mianus . N . N i/lthaniel , Hebr. The gift of God , as Theodo fi- ns, &c. Neale, Fre- Blackifh,or {wart, for it is abridged from Ni- gel, and lo alfo alwayes written in Latine records Nt- ! gellus , conlonant to Nigrinut, and Atrius of the La- j tines, Melanius and Melanthus of the Grecians. | Nicholas, gre. Conquerour of the people. I Norman, drawne from the Norman Nation, as Northerne- j man, vfuall anciently in the family of ‘Darcy. i Noel, Fre. The fame with the Latine Natalis , giuen firft I in Names. 73 ! in haneur of the feaft of Chrifts birth, to fuch as were I then borne. 0 Q Ho, Sec Othes. Oliuer. A name fetched from the peace-bringing O- litie , as Haphnis, aud Laurence , from the triumphant Lawrell. OJbern,fax. Houfe-child,as Filins fanalids , (Luther.) OJbertyfax. Domefticall brightneffe,or light of the family. Ofmmdyfax. Houfe-peace. Ofwold, germ. Houfe-ruler or Steward : for tVoldm old Englim and high Dutch , is a Ruler : but for this the’ Normans brought in Led eftencer now Spencer. Theho- j - ^ n '\ ly life ofSaint Ofwald King of Northumberland , who was inceffantly in prayer, hath giuen much honour to this name. See Ethelwold. Othes , An old name in England, drawne from Otho, writ- ten by fome Odo, and by others, Eudo , in Englifh-Sax- on Odan , and after the originall whereof, when Sueto- nius could not finde, I will not feekei Auentinus maketh it Hud, that is, Keeper : but Petrus Blefenjis Epifl. 12 6 ^°° ’ I maketh it to fignifie a Faithfull reconciler; for hee writeth, Odo in Epifcopunt Panjienfem confecratus no- men fuis opertbus mterpretari noncejfat, fidelis feepuefler tnter Deum & homines , Ottwell and Ottey feeme to bee nurfe -names drawne from Othes. Owen, lat. Audoenus, if it bee the fame with Saint Ow- en of France. But the Britaines will haue it from old King Oneus Father in law to Hercules', others from Sugenius, that is, Noble or well borne. Certaine it is that the Country of Irelond called Tir-Oen , is in Latine Records, Terra Ingenij ; and the Irii"h Priefis know no Latine for their Oen but Engenius, as Rotheri - | cus for Rorke.And S'. Owen Ogle in Latine Records,as I J F haue I 4 - Names. hauebcenecnformcd,was written Engentus Ogle. J Original 1 , May fcemc to be deduced from the Grccke O- * n genes, t hat is, Borne in good time. rp Deduced from Pafcha , the Faffeouer. Patrick., lat. From Patricias , Qnaji Patrcm dens, A Pcereor State, hec which could cite his father as a man of honour. A name giuen firft to Senators fonnes , but it grew to reputation when Conflantine the Grecke made anew ftate of Patricij, who had place before the Pr&- feEltu Pratorio, or Lord great Matter of the houfe, ifit may be fo translated iZoJimus.'] Paul, hcb. Wonderfull or reft: But the learned Baronins drawing it from the Latine,maketh it Little or humble. Paulm pvocn Paulas Nigrinus from Niger. Perciual, Is thought at firlt to hauc bin a Sir-name, and af- ter fas many other)a Chriftian name? fetched from Per- cbeval, a place in Normandie. Onebyallufion made in this Perciual, Per fe valens. Pajn, in lat. Pagan us .exempt from military feruicc,a name now out of vie, but hauing an oppofite fignidcation to a military mm,zsScafrger obferueth vpon zA'ufomm. Peter, For which as theFrencli vfed Pierre : fo our Ance- ftours vkd Pierce, a name of high etteeme among the Chriftians, lance our Sauiour named Simon , the tonne of j Jena fcphas, w hich is by interpretation a itone , loan j 1.4-2. But foie- wifely haue fome ‘Peters, called them- t lelues fP/mw. | ‘Peregrine, lat. Strauge 5 or outlandifh. J c P.bilebert,ger. M uch bright fame, or very bright and fa- > mous,as ‘Polipbemus in Grceke [ Rbenanm .] | ‘Philippe gre. A louer of Horles, ‘Philip Ber oal d conceiting | this lus name, very clerkly proues that ‘Philip is an App- | ftolicall name by Saint ‘Pbthp iht Apoftle,a royall name i b 7 1 Names. 75 J by King Philip King of Macedonia , and an imperiall | name by ‘Philip the firft Chriftian Emperour. I Toflbumns, lat. Borne after his fathers death. G) ffHintin, lat. From Quintus, the fifth borne, a namdigni- * by Saint Quintin of France. R D Alfe,ger. Contra&ed from Radulpb which as Rodulph lignifieth Helpe-counlell , not differing much from the Greeke Eubulus. Raymund,ger. Quiet peace,as Heftchitu In Greeke. Randall, fax. Corrupted from Rgnulpb, that is, Faire helpc. ‘Raphael, heir* The Phyficke of God. Reinhold, fax. Sineeere or pure loue, for the German* call their greateft and goodlieft Riuer for pureneffe R}oeine,zn<\ the old Englifh vfed Holdie for lou t,Holdie for louely , as Hnhold, without loue : Witter anus vfeth Hold for fauour, which is anfwerable to loue. I haue al- fo obferued Holdtox Firroe, and once for a Generali of an army. Rbefe, A Brittifh name, deduced as they thinke from R he- fts the Thracian King, who was (as Homer deferibeth \ him by his Armour J of a Giant-like ftature. But I dare not fay the word implieth fo much in fignific- ation : yet Theft, fignifieth a Gyant in the German tongue. Richard, fax. Powerfull and rich difpofition , as Richer 5 an ancient Chriftian name, frgnified Powerfull in the j Army , or rich Lord , and was but Herne reuerled, j a Auentintu turucth it Trcafureof the Kingdome. See Aubry. Robert , Germ. Famous in Councell , for it is written F % moft Rein,and Ran. Hold. Hold. Issued, Rod. Frodoardi Rc- sncnfis chron. ' 6 Names. mofl anciently Rodbert, Rad , Red, and Rod, do fignific counfell, Sec Conrad and Albert. This name was giuen to RoHo, firfl Duke of Normandy , an originall Ance- flour of the Kings of England , who was called firfl by the Normans and French Ron , whereunto , lome without ground thinke that Bert was added : fo that , it fliould fignifie Ron , the renowned. Others vntruly turne it Red-beard, as though it were all one with tsEnobarbiu of the Latines , or Barbarojfa of the Itali- ans : Iohn Bodin ( or Pudding, ) that I may giue him his true Englifli name, maketh it full wifely Red-bard-, but I thinke no Robert which knoweth what Bardns mea- nethj will like ofit. Roger, ger. Ruger , Quiet, the fame with Tranquilly in ] Latino, Frodoard writeth it alwayes R ottgarius, or Rod- 1 gar us, fo it feemeth to fignific all councell , or flrong councell. Rolland,germ. Whereas it was anciently written Rodland, it may feeme to fignifie Councell for the Land. And the firfl that I finde fo named, was land-warden in France, vnder faro Ins Magnus , againft the Piracies of the Nor- mans, The Italians vfe Orland for Rowland by Meta - thefts. Romane , lat. Strong,from theGreeke , anfwerable to Valens. Ruben , Heb . The fonne ofvifions, or a quickfeeing fonne. (Philo.) Reinfred ,fax. Pure peace. ^Alomonfheb. Peaceable, ^ Sampfon , heb. There the fecond time. Samuel, heb. Placed of God. Saule, heb. Lent of the Lord; or as fome will Foxe. S ebaflian,gre. Honourable or maiefticall , as Auguflus or Augufiinus among the Romans, Names. 77 Sigifmwd,germ. Victorious peace; or victory with peace; That S'ig. fignifteth Vttlory, Alfric, Dafipodins, and Lu- ther doe all agree, yet Hadr. Iunim turneth it ViCfcori- ous or preuaiiing fpeech. So Sigward, now Seward, vi- ctorious preleruer , Sighelm , victorious defence. Sp- here , Conquerour of an army , or victorious Lord : and Sigebert , now Sebright , victorious fame, or fame- by victory. ■ Siluefierjat, Woodman. Silmnus , lai. Wood-man; or rather Wood-god. See Walter. Simon, heb. Obedient liftening ( Philo') Stephen, gre. A Crowne. Swithm,fax. From the old Englifh Switheahn, that is. Ve- ry high, as Celfm or Exaperim with the Romans. This name hath becne taken vp in honour of Saint Swithin, the holy Bifhop of Winchefler, about the yeere 86o.and called the weeping faint Switkinlfot that about his feaft Pr&fepe and Afelii, raigny conftellations doarife cofmi- cally, and commonly cauic raine* | Sig and Seg. T T Heobald, Commonly Tibald, and Thibald,Gods po- wer, as B. Rhenanm noteth. But certaine it is, that in our faxon Pfalter ,Gentes is alwaies tranflated by Tbeod, and in the Englifh faxon old Annales , the Englifh na- tion is often called Engla-thcod. The lame Lipfius in Poltorceticu { aflfirmeth to bee in the ancient German Plalters. So that Theobald leemeth in his opinion to fignifie powerfull,or bold ouer people. It was the com- mon name in the family of the Gorges', and of the Lord V frdons, of whom the Earles thcEaries of Shrew fbery , and Ejfex are defeended. Theodore, gr. Gods gift, now corruptly by Welfh-Britans called Tjdder. TheodoJitts,gre. The fame with Theodore. F 3 The - Theod. y6 Barnes. Theodor k, gem. Contrary ‘D.jwrand Terry with the French , Powerabie , or Rich in people according to Ltpftm. Theophilm.gr . A Louer of God. Thomas, beb Bottomle(ledeepe,orTwinne. Timothy, gr.Ftom Ttmotheus, Honouring God. The Lord is good. I T riflram , I know not whether the firft of this name was , chriftned by King Arthurs fabler. If it bee the fame 1 which the French call Tnftanjx. commeth from forrow: for P. lAZmilius noteth that the fonne ofS aint Lewis of i France , borne in the heauy forrowfull time of his fa- thers imprifonment vnder the Saracens , was named Trifian in the fame refpeCt. Turfian,fax. For Trujlan moft true and truftyasitfee- meth. V 11 V Alens , lat. Puiffant. Valentine Jat. The fame. Vchtred,germ. High counfc!l,vfed in the old family oCR*« bj. From whence the Neuilles. Vincent , lat. Victorious. Vital, lat. He that may liue a long life, like to Macrobim j j or Liuely, the fame that Zoftmm in Greckc. Vinton, lat. The fame. , Vrbanm, lat. Curteous 3 ciuill. V rian. The fame with George ,as I haue heard of fbme lear- j ned Danes. It hath beene a common name in the family of Saint P/er of ( hesjhtre , now extinguifhed. W Alter, germ, from fValdker, for fo it is moft anci- v v cntly written, a Pilgrime according to Renccius; other Names* 77 1 other make it a Wood-Lord, or a Woodman, anfwera- ble to the name of Siluius, Stluanus, or Siluefler. The old Englifh called a wood, Wald, and an herraite liuing in the woods, a Waldbroodtr. But if I may caft ray con- ceit, I take it to bee Hervaald inuerted , as Herrtc and 1 Richer, Winbald and Baldwin. And foit fignificth Go- nernour or Generali of an army, as Hegejifiratus , See Herman , and Harold. [ walvoin. Some haue interpreted out of the German tongue, , a Conquerour, as Nicbolaus and Ntcodemus , Vtttor I in Latine; but vt enow vfe Gavaen in ftead of Walwin , ' Architrenim maketh it Walganus in Latine. But if Wal- | win was a Britan, and King Arthurs Nephew’, as W. 1 Malmfebun noteth, where he fpeaketh of hisGyant- like bones found in Wales , Ireferre thefignification to , the Britans. - WarinJovianus hbr.\ .de Afpiratione draweth it from Var~ ro. But whereas it is written in all Records G Harm us: It may feeme mollified from the D utch Gerwin, that is,Al- vi&orious. See Gertrud. William , ger. For fweeter found drawne from Wihelm , which is interpreted by Luther, Much Defence, or,De- | fence to many , as Wilwald, Ruling many. Wildred 3 ( Much rcuerent fcarc, or 1 wfull. Wtlfredy Much peace. WiUibert, Much increafe. So the French that cannot ■i pronounce W. haue turned it into P hills , as Phtlhbert {'or WtHibert, Much brighcncfie. Many names wherein I we haue Willy feeme tranflated from the Greeke names compofcd of , as Peljdamas, Polybius, Polyxenus , &c. Helm yet remaineth with vs, and Villi , Willi, I and Bilit yet with the Germans for many. Other turne William, a willing Defender, and lb it anfwe- reth the Roman Titus , if it come from Ttsendo , as fomc learned will haue it. The Italians that liked the name , but could not pronounce the W, if wee may bclceue Gefner , turned it into Galea^o , retai- ( ning the fence in part for Helme : But the Italians re- ! port, that Galeazo the firft Vifcount of M'tllane was fo j I, F4 called, J In a Plea coa-.., cerning the Black-mantle Monkes, in- ftituted by william Duke of Aquitaine & Poittou, it is faid that his fignified V «- lnnt ary, he wil- lingly retired himldfe from the world to ferue God. Vt Deo militant « So Names. called ,for that many Cockes ere w luftily at his birth .This name hath bin moft common in England finceKing Wil- liam the Conquero ir , infomuch that vpon a Feftiuall day in the Court ofKing Henry the 2. when Sir William , S c . John and Sir William Fitx,-Hamon efpeciall Officers had commanded that none but of the name of Wtlliam ftiould dine in the great Chamber with them, they were accompanied with an hundred and twenty Williams , all Knights, as Robert Montenfts'tzzoxdz'&\,Anno 1173. Willtfrid,fax. Much peace. Wimmd,fax. Sacred peace,or holy peace, as Wiberty Holy and B right; for JF/, in Wilier amas is tranflated facer. Wifchardfit Guifchard, Norm. Wilie, and crafty fhifter : (W.GemiticenJis) Falcandns the Italian interpeteth it Erro, that is. Wander. But in a Norman name I rather beleeue the Norman W riter. Wo l ft an, fax. Comely, Decent, as ‘Decentius y(ftDappodws.) Wnlpber,fax. Hclper,the Saxon name of a King of Middle- Englandy anfwering to the Greeke name Alexias, or ra- ther Epicurus. The moft famous of which name was a hurtfull man, albeit he had a helpefull name. r Bell, brit. contracted from Eubulus, Good Counsellor. Tthell, brit. Likewife contracted from Embalms, very flourifhing. chary, Heb. The memory of the Lord. Chriftian Vfuall Qhriflian 3\Qtmes. of Women. Left Women, the moft hind Jexe , Jhould conceitte vn- ktndnejfe, if they were omitted, fomewhat of necef- ftty mnfthe fayd of their names. A Bigael, Heb. The farhers ioy, Agatha, Gre. Good, Guth in old Saxon. AgnesftSre. Chaft,the French write it ih Latine Jgnatta',b\xt I know not why. Aletheia, Gre. Verity or Truth. Alice , Germ. Abridged from zAdeliz., Noble.See Ethel- bertftSut the French make it defend reffe, turning it in- to Alexia. Anna, heb. Graciou$,or mercifull. Arbela,heb. God hath reuenged , as fome tranflations haue it. [ Index Bibltorttm.’] Adelin, Germ. Noble or defending from nobles. Attdry,fax. It feemeth to be the fame with Etheldred , fr r the firft foundreffe of Ely Church is fo called in Latine Hiftories , but by the people in thofe parts, S. Andy. See Etheldred, Amie,Fre. Beloued , in Latine Amata, the name of the ancient King Latinus wife,It is written in the like fence Amtcta , in old Records. Anchoret, Gre. For Anachoreta , Solitary liuer, which re- tired her felfe from the world to ierue God. Atiice , Some obferue that it is written now A nice fo in former times Hawifia , in elder ages Helwtfa : whereup- on they thinke it detorted from Hildenigi hat is. Lady- defence, 8t Names. defence, as Lewis is wreftedfrom Lodonkm and Lud- wig. aA»reela,Lat. Pretty-little golden dame. Anflate, Gre. Anafiafia , and that from Anafiafis, as A- naftafis , as zAnajlajim , giuen in remembrance of Chrifts glorious refurreilion, and ours kiChrift. B. I \Arb*ra , Gre. Strange ; of vnknowne language , but the name refpe&ed in honour of S. Barbara, marty- red for the true profefflon of Chriftian religion , vndcr the Tyranne Maxtmian. Beatrice, Lat, From 2?Mfm? s Blefled. Blanch, Fre . White or faire. Brigtd , Contracted iuto Bride , an Irifti name as it fee* meth , for that the ancient S® Brigtd , was of that Nati- on: the other of Sttetu *was lately Canonized about. 1400. Quare. Bertha, Ger. Bright and famous. See Albert, Bona,Lat. Good. Beneditta , Lat. Blefled. Benigna, Lat . Milde , and gentle. ill i Q Ajfandra, Gr. Inflaming men with loue. £atkarine, Grc.Vu reChafte. I Chrijitan, A name ftom our Chriftian profeflion , which the Pagans moft tyrannically perlecutcd, hating as Tertnlhan writeth in his Apologetico, a harmlefle name ' in harmelefle people. Chara,Lat. Cleare and Bright, the fame with Berta, and j[ Claricia in latter times. I I C tce b’ F rom Latine Cacilia, Grey-eyed. Denis, Ill Names, D. 1“} EuU, See before.among the names of mem Diana , From the Grecke ©iw,that is, Ioue y z$ hvina, or hues daughters Gods daughter. Dtony, From Dtana. Dido, A Phoenician name, fignlfying a manlike 'woman. [Strains Honor at tu.] Dorothy, Gre. The gift of God,orGiuenof God. Dorcas, Gre. A Roe-buck e, Lucretius lib . 4 . noteth, that by this name , the Amorous Knights were wont to falute freckled, wartyj and wood-den-faced wenches, where he fayth. Cafia Palladtonfi&Hofa, & hgnea Dorcas. j Douse, From the Latin eDalcia, that is , fwcete-wench. “Dotifabei, Fre . Swecteandfaire,fomewhat like Gly ce- rium. Douglas, Of the Scottiflifuraame, taken from thcriuer Douglas , not long fince made a Chriftian name in England, as Iordan from the riuer of that name in the Holy Land, was made a Chriftian name for men. E. E Thelcired, Noble aduife. See .Audrey, Ela. See « Alice. Eleanor , Deduced from Helena , Pitifull. EltXjb, Heb. God faueth. Elizabeth, Heb. Peace of the Lord, or Qiiiet reft of the Lord, the which Englan&hz\h found verified in the moft honoured name of our late Soueraigne. Mantu- an playing with it, maketh it Eliza-belU. Eade,Sax. Drawne from Eadnh , in which there is fig- nificationof happinefte. In latter time it was written aAuda, .i 48 Names. Auda, Ada, Ida , and by fome Idonea in Lacine. Emme, Some will haue to be the lame with Amie , in La tine Amata. Paulas Merula fayth it fgnifietha good nurfe, and To is the lame with Eutrophime a- •mong the Greekes. Roger Houeden page. 24 6. no- teth that Emma daughter to Richard thefirft Duke of Normandy , was called in Saxon Elgiva, that is as it J leemeth, Helpe-gmer. Emmet , A diminitiue from Emme. Em, Heb, Giuing life. jF. . " r tr Fortune, the fignification well knownc. Fredtfivid,fax.Vety free, truely free, Francis, See Francis before. Felice, Eat. Happy. Fortitude, Lat. Florence 3 Lat. Flourilhing. 9 • i QErtrud, Gre. All true and amiable ; if German figni- fieth All-man , as moft learned confent , and fo Ge- rard may fignifie All-hardy. [Althamerus : ] Grace, the fignification is well knownef . • : Grijhild, Grey Lady , as Cejia, fee Maud. Gladufe, Brit. From Claudia. Goodith, Sax. Contracted from Good wife , as we now vie Goody : By which name King Henry the firft was nicked in cohtempt , as Wtlliato ot Malmesbury i noteth. ' *< Helena, , Names. H. H Elena, Gre. Pittifull : A name much vfed in the honour of Helena motht r to Conftant'tne the great, and natiuc of this Ifle, although one onely Author ma- keth her a Bithinian , but Baronins and our Hiftorians will haue her a Britaine. Havels, See Atiice. I Ane, See Joane, For 3 2. El A. Regina it was agreed by the Court of the Kings Bench to be all one with loane. Judith, Heb. Prayfing, Confefllng , our Anceftors tur- ned it into luet. Joyce, in Latine Iocofa, Merry ,pleafant. Jacjuet, Ere. From lacoba, See I awes. Jenet, A diminitiuefrom loan , as little and pretty Jhoan. Joane, See John. In latter yeares, fome of the better and nicer fort mifliking loane, haue mollified the name of Joane into Jane, as it may feeme , for that Jane is ne- uer found in old Records : and as fome will, neuer be- fore the time of King Henry the eight. Lately in like fort fome learned Johns and Hanfes beyond the foa, haue new Chriftned themfclues by the name of lanm. Jfabel, The lame with Elizabeth*, if the Spaniards do not miftake, which alwayes tranflate Elizabeth into Jfabel, and the French into Jfabeau. Julian. From Julius, Gtlian commonly, yet our Lawyers lib-. Aflif. 2d. page 7. make them diftindt names , I doubt no.butypon fome good ground. Katbarin , 86 Names] K. IZ Kthartn, See Catharin. ^Kinbttrg, Sax. Strength and defence of her kinred; as Kimlf, helpe of her kinred. L. J JEttice , lat. loyfulneffe , mirth. Lidia, Gre. Borne in that region of AJia. Lora, Sax. Difcipline, or Learning : but I fuppofe rather it is corrupted from Laura , that is Bay,and is agreeable to the Greek® name Daphne . Lucia, Lat. Lightfbme, Bright : A name giuen firft to them that were borne when day- light firft appeared. Lucretia, Lat. An honourable name in refpedt- of the chafte Lady Lucretia ; if it as Lucretius , do not come from Lucrum, gmz, as a good houfewife. I Ieaue it to Grammarians. Lucris, a wench in Plautus feemed to haue her name from thence, when as he faith it was Nomen & omen quant tuts pretij . M M Abel, Some will haue it to be a cont ration of the Italians from Mabella , that is, My faire daughter , or maide. But whereas it is written \nDccAcs,Amabilia and Mdbilta, I thinke it commeth from Amab'tlis, that is, Loueable, or Loucly. Magdalen, Heb. Maiefticall. j Margaret, Gre. Commonly Marget, Pearle, or pretious. ! Margery. Some thinke to be the lame with Margaret : others fetch it from Marioria , I know not what floure. Mary , Rames. Sy Marj 3 Heb. Exalted, The name of theblelfed Virgine, i who was bleffed among women 3 becaufe of the fruice j of her wombe. -* Aland, for Matild , Germ. Matildts , Mathildis , and Matilda in Latine, Noble or honourable Lady of ' Maides. Alfric tumelh Heroina by Htld ,. So HUde- bert was heroically famous , Hilda gar d. heroicall pre- , ferucr : and Hilda was the name of a religious Lady in 1 the Primitiue Church of England: Mslicent Fr , Hony-fweete. i Meraud „ Vfed antiently in firnewall , from the pretious I done called the Emcraud. Muriely from the Greeke ^/«ro»,Swcete perfume. N. N Efi , Vied in Wales for Agnes , See Agnes. Nichola , S ee Nicholas. Nicia, Gre. Victorious, 0 £\Lympias , Gre. Heauenly. OrabiltSy Lat. Eafily intreated. P. J^Enelope, Gre. The name of the mod patientj true, con dant and chade wife of Vlyff:: , which was giuen to her , for that fhe carefully loued and fed thofe birds with purple netkes called Penelopes. Pelnely¥xm\ Petrontlla 3 pretty-ftone, as Pine, and Perkin drained out of Pet re. Thefirft of this nams w-r. daughter of Saint Peter, Prffca.Lat. Antient, he Gund. 88 Names, Prifcitta , A dimlnutine from Prifca. Prudence , Lat. Whom the Greckcs call Sophia, that is, wifedome. Philippa, See Philip . Philadelphia, Gre. Aloucrof her frfters and brethren. Phillis , Gre. Louely,as Amte in Laiine. Polixena , Gre. Shee that will entertaine many guefts and ftrangers. R. R Adegnnd, Sax. Fauourable counfell. Hadrianus In- nius tranflateth Gund Fauour, fo Gunther Fauor- able Lord, Gunderic, Rich,or mighty in fauour, &c. Rachel, Heb. A fheepe. Rebecca,Heb. Fat and full. Rofamund , Rofe of the world,or Rofe of peace. Sec in the Epitaphs. Rofe, Of that faire floure, as Sufan in Hebrew. I! S. s* ina , As chart and religious as a Sabine,who had their name from their worfhipping of God. Sanchia , Lat. From iSV*»£?<*,that is, Holy. Sarah, Heb, Lady, Miftreffe,orDame. Scholaflica, Gre. Leafurefrombufineife. Sufan. Heb. Lilly,orRofc. Si fey. See (fafelia. Sophronia, Gre. Modeft,and temperate Sibil, Gre. Gods counfell, other draw it from Hebrew, and willhaueit tohgnifieDiuine Doftrin cfPeucenu.) Sophia, Gre. Wifedome; a name peculiarly applyed by the Primitiue Chriftians to our moft blelfed Saui- our, who is the Wifedome of his Father, (Epi- flle to the He br ewes) by whom all things were made. And - Nam 's. gp And therefore fome godly men do more than diflike it as irreligious, that it fliould be communicated to any other. T np Abitha, tieb. Roe-bucke. Tamejin, or Thomafin, See Thomas. Theado/ia, Gre. Gods-gift. Tace, Be filent, a fit name to admonilh that foe of filence. Temperance , Lat. The fignification knowne to all. V, V Etws , Lat. Comming to all , as ficero deriued it a Veniendo ; z fit name for a good wench. But for fiiame it is turned of fome to Venice. In Greeke Venus was called Aphrodite, not from thefoame of the Sea, but as Euripides faith, from Aphrofme^ that is,Madde« folly. Vrfnla i Lat. A little Beare. A name heretofore of great reputation in honour of Vrfula the Brittaine Virgin- Saint , martyred vnder Gods fcourge Attila King of the Hunns. w. yyAiburg, Gratious , the fome with Eucharia in Greeke ( Luther .) We haue turned it into War- burg. Of which name there was an holy woman of our nation, to whole honour a cathcdrall Church was confecrated. Winefridj Sax. Win, or get peace. If it be a Brittaine word , as fome thinke it to be, and written Guinfrid 3 it fignifieth Faire and Beautifutt countenance. Verily G fV inf rid Names . Winfrt'd anatiueof this Iflc,which preached the Gof- I pell in Germany, was called Boniface ; for his good face, orgooddeedes,iudgeyou. ‘i O Ther vfuall names of women I do not call to remem- brance at this time, yet I know many other haue becne in vfe in former ages among vs , as Deruorgtld, Sith , Amphilas, &c. And alfo Ntcholea , Laurent id, Richarda , GmUelma , Wtlmetta, dravvne from the names of men, in which number we yet rctaine Philippa, Phi- lip, Francifca , Francis Joanna, I ana, &c. [ Thele Englifh-Saxon, German and other names may be thought as faire, and as fit for men and women , as thofe moft vfuall Pranomina among the Romans ,Aulus for that he was nourifhed of the gods : Lucius for him that was borne in the dawning of the day : Marcus for him that was borne in March- Manim for him that was borne in the morning : (fneus for him that had a wart : Seruius for him that was borne a flaue. Quin- Elms for him that was fift borne, &c. And our womens names more gratious then their Rutilta, that is. Red head : C&filia, that is, Grey-eyed , and Caia the moft common name of all among them(fignifying Ioy:) for that Cdifia the wife of King Tarquinius Prifcus was the beft diftaffe-wife and fpinfter a* mongthem. Neither do I thinke in this comparifon of Names , that any will proue like the Gentleman, who diftafting our names, pre- ferred King Arthurs age before ours,for the gallant, braue, and ftately names then vfed, as fir Or [on , fir Tor , fir Qmdragan, fir Dinadan, fir Lame dot, &c. which} came out of that forge, out of the which the Spaniard forged the haugfrty and lofty name Traquitantos for his Gy ant, which he fo highly admired, when he had ftudied many dayes and odde houres, befixe he could hammer out a name fo conformable to filch a perfon as he in imagination then conceited . 91 Surnames . ■Vrnames giuenfor difference of fami- lies and continued as hereditary in fa- milieSjWere vfed in no nation ancient- ly but among the Romans; and that after the league of vnion with the Sa- binesrforthe confirmation whereof, it was couenanted that the Romans fhouldpratfixe Sabine names before their owne, and likewife the Sabines Romane names. At which time Romulus tooke the Sabine name of Qujrinus, becaufe he vfed to carry a fpeare, which the Sabines called Qttiris. Thefe afterward were called Nomina Gentditia, and Cognomina ; as the former were called Pranomina. The French and wetermed them Surnames , not becaufe they are names oftheSire,or the father, but becaufe they are fuper- added to Chriftian names as the Spaniards call them Renom- bres, as Renames. The Hebrewes keeping memory of their Tribe,vfed in their Genealogies in fteed of Surnames , the name of their father with Ben, that is, Son, as Melcbt Ben-Addi , Addi Ben-Cofam 3 fofam Ben-Elmadam, &c. So the Grecians, I"**/'©-' **■“ « Icarus the fonne of Dedalus, Dedalus the (brute of Eupalmus, Eupalmus the fonne of Met ten. The like was vfed among our Auneeftors the Engliflh , as foonred Ceolw aiding, Ceoldward Cutbing , Cutb fathmning, that is , Qeonred fonne of Ceolwald, Ceolwald , fonne of fofb, Cutb fonne of Cuthwin, &c. Andtothisisobferued by Wil- liam of Malmesbury, where he noteth that the lonne of Eadgar Was called Eadgaring , and the fonof Edmwid,Edmmdmg. The Britans in the fame fence with Ap for Map, as Ap Owen, Owen Ap Harry, Harry Ap Rhefe , as the Irifh with their Mac, as Donald Mac Neale } Neale Mac £on,Con Mac Dermot,&c , G 2 And r Lib. Prim©. 9* Surnames . And the old Normans with Fitz, for Filz., as lohn Fitz- Robert Seal de caufis Robert Fitz^Richard, Richard Fttz-Raph , &c. The Arabians Img.Lat. oneJy as one learned noteth, vied their fathers names without their owne forename, as Aven-Pace , Avert -Pop , Avert - Zoart, that is , the fonne of Pace , Pop, and Zoar\ As if f\. -» had a fon at his circuracifion named Haly, but bis fonne , how- foeuer he were named, would be called Auen-Haly, & e . So Surnames palling from father to fonne , and continuing to their iflfue, was not anciently invfe among any people in the world. Yet to thefe (ingle Names were adioyned oftentimes other names, as Cognomina , or Sobriquetts, as the French call them,& By-names,orNicke-names,as we terme thesn,if that word be indifferent to good and bad, which foil did die with the bearer, and neuer defeended to pollerity. That we may not exemplifie in other nations^ which would afford great plenty,) but in our owne : King Eadgar was called the Peaceable, King Etheldred the Vnready , King Edmund for his Valour, Iron-fide ; Kin<* Harold the Hare-foote, Eadnc, the Streona , that is, the Getter or Streiner ,Sirvard the Degera, that is, the Valiant, King Wtlli- am the fir ft, Ballard, King William the fccond Poufe, that is, the Red, King Henry the firft Beauclearke, that is, Fine Scholler: fo inthehouieof Aniou , which obtained the Crowne of Eng-, land, Geffrey the firfl Earle of Aniou was furnamed Grifogontl, thatisGrey-cloake, Fulco his fon Nerra, his grand -child Re~ chin, for his extortion. Againe, his grand-childe Plant agenet , for that he ware’ commonly a broomc-llalke in his bonnet. His lonne Henry the fecond,King of England, Fitz^Empreffefot- caufo his mother was EmprdTe, his fonne King Pichard had for furname Corde-Lyon for Ids Lyon-like con rage, as lohn was called Sans-terre, that is, Without land: So that where- as thefe names were neuer taken vp by the fonne, I know not why any fhould thinke Plantagenet to be the furname of the royall houfe of England , albeit in late yeares many haue fo accounted it. Neither is it le fie foange, why fb ma- ny foould thinke Theodore or Tydur , as they contract it, to bee the furname of the Princes of this Realme fince King Henry tire feauenth. For albeit Owen ap Meredith Tydur , which Surnames . 5>5 which married Katherine the daughter of Charles the fixth King of France, was grandfather to King Henry the feuersthjyet that Tydnr or Theodore was but the Chriftian name of Owens grandfather. For Owens father was Meredith op Tydttr , ap Grono apTydur, who all without Surnames iterated Chriftian names, after the old manner of the Brittaines, and other nations heretofore? noted , and fo lineally deduced his pedegree from Cadwallader King of the Brittains, as was found by Commrflton directed to Griffin ap Lewellin ; Gttten Owen , Iohn King , and other learned men both Englifh and Welfh,in the feauenth yeare of the fayd King Henry the feuenth. Likewifein thelineRoyallof Scotland,Milcolme, or Mai- colme was furnamed ffanmore , that is, Great head, and his brother Donald, Ban, that is , White : sAlexander the hr ft, the Prowde, Malcolme the fourth, the Y'ngme, William his brother the Lyon. Asamongftthe Princes of Wales, Brochvail Scbi- trauc, that is, Gaggtothed; Gurind Barmbtruch , that is, Spade- bearded, Elidir Cofcormur, that is, Heliodor the Great houfe- keeper,andfo in Ireland Murogh Duff, that is , Blacke : Roo that is Red : Nemoliah , that is, full of wounds Ban, that is. White : Gaueloc, that is, Fetters, Keogh Browne, Moyle ,Ba\d. To feeke therefore the ancient Surnames of the Royall , and rnoft ancient families of Europe, is to feeke that which neuer was. And therefore greatly are they deceiued, which thinke Valoys to haue beene the furname of the late French kings, or B orb on at this prefent King, or Habsburg, or Auflriac of the Spanifh King, or Steward of the late Kings of Scotland , and now of B R i T a i n e , or Oldenburg of the Danifh ; For ( as all know that haue but fypped of Hiftories^) Valoys was but the Appenage and Earledome of Charles, younger fonne to Philip the fecond/rom whom the: late Kings defccnded:So Bor bon was the inheritance of Roberta yonger fonne toS .Lewes, of whom this King is defeended : Habsburg and Auftria were but the old pofl'effions of the Emperours and Spanifh Kings progenitors. Steward was but the name of office to Walter, who was high Steward of Scotland, the progenitor of Robert the firft King of Scots of that family, and-of the King our Soueraigne. And Oldenburg was but the Earledome Taurinx con- 1 fticutioncs. Vita Milco- lumbi. 94 Surnames. of (hrtflian the fir ft ‘Damjh King of this family, elected about 1448. B ut yet Plant a genet, Steward, V iloys, Borbon , Habs- burg i &c. By prefeription of time hauc preuailed fo farre, as they are now accounted furnames. But for furnames of Prin- ces, w ell fayd the learned Mar eta Salon de Pace. Reges cogno- mine non vtuntur, e or urn cognomina non funt necejfaria front in alijs in ferioribm, quorum tpfa cognomina agnationum acfamtlta- rum memoriam tutantur. About the ycare of our Lord 1000. (that we may not mi- nute out the time) furnames beganneto be taken vp in France , and in England about the time of the Conqueft, or elfe a very little before , vndcr King Edward the Confeffor, who was all Frenchified. And to this time do the Scottifhmen referre the antiquity of their furnames , although Buchanan fuppofeth that they were not in vfe in Scotland many yeares after. But in England certaine it is, that as the better fort,euen from the Conqueft by little and little tooke furnames; fo they were not fetled among the common people fully , vntill about the time of King Edward the fccond : but ftill varied according to the fathers name , as Richardfon , if his father were Ri- chard , Hodge fon ,if his father were Roger px in fome other re- fpeft, and from thenceforth beganne to be eftablifhed,ffome fay by ftatute,) in their pofterity. This will feemeftrange to fome Englishmen and Scottifh- men, which like the Arcadians thinke their furnames as ancient as the Moone, or at the leaft to reach many an age beyond the conqueft. But they which thinke it moft ftrange )\ fpeakc vn- dercorre&ionj I doubt they will hardly finde any furnamc which defeended to pofterity before that time : Neither haue they feenefl feare) any deede or donation before the Conqueft, but fubfigned with croftes and fingle names , without fur- names in this manner in England; Ego Eadredusconfirmaui. 4 " Ego Edmundus corroborant .-f* Ego Sigarius conclufi. 4 " Ego Olfftanus confolidavi, &c. Likcwife for Scotland, in an old bookeof fDurefmeln the Charter, whereby Edgar e fonne of King Malcolme gaue lands neere Coldmgham to that Church, in theyeare 1097. the Scottifh Noblemen witneflfes there- unto , had no other furnames than the Chriftian names of their Names. 9 5 their fathers. For thus they figned, S. 4* Gulfi fill] Meniani, j. signuns. S -i -ffuluerti fill ) Donecam, S -f* Olmi fill) Oghe , &c. As for my felfe, I neuer hitherto found any hereditary furname before the Conqueft, neither any that I know : and yet both I my felfe and diuers whom I know , haue pored and pufledvpon many an old Record and Euidence to fatisfie our felues herein : and for my part I will acknowledge my felfe greatly indebted to them that will cleare this doubt. But about the time of the Conqueft, I obferued the very primary beginning as it were of many furnames , which ar^ thought very ancient , when as it may be proued that their ^ ^ very lineall Progenitors bare other names within thefe fixe te defundaT' hundred yeares. Mortimer and Warren are accounted names Monaft.Noc- of great antiquity , yet the father of them ("for they were mania, brethren ) who firft bore thofe names , was Walter us de SanElo Martino. Hee that firft tooke the name of Clifford L.Duenlmere ftoin his habitation, was the fonne of tchard, fonne of Puntz. Gemiucenfis, a noble Norman , who had no other name. The firft Lamely was fonne of an ancient Englifhman called Litvulph. The firft Gifford, from whom they of Buckingham fine Lords of Brtmes- field, and others defcended, was the fonne of a Norman called Osbert de Bolebee. The firft Wtndfor, defended from Walter the fonne of Other Cafiellan of Wtndfor. The firft who tooke the name of Shirley, was the fonne of Sewall, defcended from Fulcher without any other name. The firft Neuill, of them which are now, from Robert the fonne of Maldred, a branch of anoIdEnglifh family, who married lfiabel the daughter and heire ofth oNeutls which cameoutof N’ormandy.ThctixftLouel came from Gone l de Percevall.The firft Mont acute was the foil of Drogo Invenis ,as it is in Record.The firft Stanley of the now Recor regai Earles ofDcrbey was likewife fonne to Adam de Aldeieigh , or Hibemix. Audley , as it is in the old Pedegree in the Eagle tower of Latham. And to omit others,the firft that tooke the name of Giraldus deBurgo, at Burke in Ireland was the {on of an Englifhman Cambrcniis. called william Fitz. Aldelme ; as the firft of the Giraldines ; al- fo in that Countrey was the fonne of an Englifliman called Gi- raldof Wtndfor. In many more could I exemplifie,which fhort- Iy after the conqueft tooke thefe furnames , when either their G 4 fathers Vide Politia- num.Mfcell. lib. 3. 96 Surnames. fathers had none at all, or elfe mod different , Whatfoeuer^ Lome of rheir pofterity dooucrweeneof the antiquity of their n' Ties , as though in the continual! mutability of the world, comierfionof (fates, and fatall periods of families , hue hun- dred yeares were not fuffjcient antiquity for a family, or name, when as but very few haue reached thereunto » In the authenticall Record ot the Exchequer called Domefi- day, Surnames are firft found, brought in then by the Nor- mans, who not long before firft tookc them: but molt noted with Dc,fuch a place, as Goaefridns de Manne villa, ; A.de Grey- W alt eras de Vernon , Robert de Oily, now Doyly- Alb er tens deVere-, Radulphm de Vomer ey ; Gofcelinus de Date. Rober- tas de Bujle , Guihelmus de Mourn , R.de Braiofe-, Roger iu de Lacy ; Giflcbertus de Venables, ox with Filins, zs.Ramlphtts films Afculphi, Gmlielmns filius Osberni , Richards? films G'tfleberti ; or elfe with the name of their office , as Eudo Dapifer : Gml Gamer arms , Heriuus Legatus , Gifieberttts Cocus, Radulphus Venator : but very many with their Chriftian names onely , as Olajf, Nigellus, Euftachms , Baldric m , with fingle names are noted laft in euery .(hire, as men of leaft account, and as all, or molt vnderholders fpecified in that Booke. But fhortly after, as the Romans of better fort had three names, according to that of lmenall, Tanqnam habeas tria no- mina, and that of Aufmuts, 'Trianominanobiliorum -. So >t Tee- med a difgrace for a Gentleman to haue but one fingle name, as the meaner fort, and baftards had. For the daughter and heirc of Fitz,-Hamon a great Lord, (as Robert of Gloc.efirer in the Library of the induftrious Antiquary Maifter Iohn Stow wri- teth,) when King Henry the firft would haue married her to bisbafe fonne Robert, ft ie. firft refufing anfwercd ; It were to me a great fioame, T 0 ham a Lord withonten his twa name. Whereupon the King his Father gaue him the name of Fitz- Roy, who after was Earle of Glocefier, and the onely worthy of his age in England. To reduce furnames to a Method, is matter for a Ramifi, who fhould happily findeittobea Typocofme : I will plainely fet Surnames, ; 57 fct downe from whence the moft haue beene deuced, as fane as I can concerue, hoping to incurre no offence heerein with any period when iri all.fi^cerity'^ that I pUrpofe nothing leffethentp wjjong any swhofeuer. The end ofthis'is'ribbng la-- hour 3 tending only to maintain© the honour of cur names againd fbmeltali'anated, who a d i n i ri ngd ra nge names, do difdainrully contemne.their pvyne country narires s ^hich I dpaj^t not but I to - whom I fubmic ail that I fhalt write. r - . w-,r\ : The mod furnames in number, the mod ancient, and of bed account, haue beene loeall, deduced from places' in Normandy, and the.couutries confining, being either the patrimonial! poi- fefltons,or natiue places ©ffneb j&ibbJed the Conquerour, or came in atierout of Normandy, as Mortimer,, Warren, Albtgny, Percy, C our nay, Deuereux , T ardzervill, Saint-Lo, Argenton , Mar mion, Saint Maure,Bracy,Maig-ny , Nemll,Ferrers,Hare- court,Baskerude,Mortagne{Iracj,ldeufoe, Valoitts, £aylj,Lucy , Montfort, Bonmlle, Bond, Aura'nch, &c. Neither isthere any village \nNormanc(y 1 th.3.tgmc riot denomination to feme family in England; in which number are all names, hauing the French, De,Du,Dcs, De-la prefixt, and beginning or ending with Font, ,Fant,Beau,Samd, Mont,Bois, Aax,Eux ,Val,V tux, C or t. Court, FortyChamp, F?/,wbich is corruptly tu fried in f©me into Feld, as in Baskerfeld,Somerfeld,Dangerfeld,Trublefeld , CreenfeldSacly- feld, for Basher ml, Somerwl, Danger nil, Turberuil, Cjreeneuil, Sackuil;Sc in others into Wei, as BofwellFox Boffeutl,Frefbwel her Frefheml. As that I may note in paffage, the ‘Tolonian Nobility take their names from pla;es, adding Skie or. ifi thereunto. Out of places in Bricaine came the families of Saint Auhin, Morley, JD inant, lately called D inham. Dole, Balm , Cenquefi, Valtort, Lafcells, Bluet, &c. Out of other parts of France from places of the fame names came, Courtney, Corbj, Bollein,Creuecuer, Saint Leger, Bohan, Saint Andrew, Chavoorth, Samel Quinttn, Gorges, Villiers, Cro- mar, Farti ^Ryjms ,Crej}y , Fines, Beaumont ,Coignac, Lyons; Qha- Fbns, Qhalorser , Efiampss ex Stamps, and many more. Out of the Netherlands came the names of Louayne, Ga- unt. /pres, B rages, Malines, Odingf ds 3 Four nay,. Doway, Baers, Bske; Marks Carina. S>8 Sirnames. Sekf) and in latter ages T)abridgecoun, Rofbert, tetany, Gran- dson, &c. From places in England and Scotland infinite likewile. For e- nery towne, village, or hamlet hath afforded names to families, as T)arbtjhire , Lancafter , ( doe not looke that I fhould as the Nomenclators in old time marfhall euery name according to his p\ace)Effex, Murray, Clifford, Stafford, Barkeley, Leigh,Lea,Ha~ fiing, Hamelton, Gordon, LumleyfDougl as, Booths, (flint on, Hey- don, C ley don , Hicham , HenninghamfPophamfRatcliffe, Mark? ham , Seaton , Framingham , Tagrane fCotton, Carte, Hume, ’Joi- nings, Goring fPrideaux,Wmdfor, Hardies, Stanhope, Sydenham, Needeham ‘Dimoc, Wtnnington , Allin gt on , Dacre, Thaxton , Whitney, Willoughby, Apfeley, Crew, Kneueten, fVentxvorth, Fan* fhawyVoderington , Mamvood^FetherfionfPenrudocke , T remaine, Trevoire , Killigrew, ‘Rofcarrec, Carminow, and moft families in Cornevtall, of whom I hauc heard thisRythme : By Tre, Ros, Pol, Lan, Caer, and Pen, Ton may know the moft Cornifh men. Which fignifie a Towne, a Heath, a Poole, a Church, aCaftle or City, and a foreland, or promontory. In like fort many names among the Romans were taken from places, as Tarquinms, Gabinus, Volfcius , Vatimm, Norbanm from Tar quint, Gabiji Folfci, Vatia, Norba , townes in / taly, Si - gonitu and other before him haueobfemed; and likewile Ame- rtntu, (farrinas, Mec&nas, as Varro noteth. So ‘Ruricius, Fon - tenites, Fmdanm, Age llitu, &c. Generally, all thefe following are locall names , and all which haue their beginning or termi» nation in them, the fignifications whereof, for the moft part, are commonly knowne. T o the reft now vnknowne, I will adioync fomewhat briefly out of Alfricus and others , releruing a more ample explication to his proper place. Abent 99 Sirnames . A Bent. A fteep place. Acre, drawne from the Latine Ager. Ay, vide Eye. B B ac. Ere. A Ferry. Bach, the fame which Bee a Riuorif Manfier.] Baine. A Bathe. Battckg. Same. Barrow, \ ide Burrow. Bathe. Seiche. Beame , A Truncke, or ftocke of a Tree. Brake or bee, ( as bach) vfed in the North. Begin, a building Africm. Bent, A place where Ruflhes grow. Beame, A wood. Beda Itb .4. cap. 2. Berton or Barton . Berry, A Court. Others make it a Hill from the Dutch wordj Berg fame take it to be the fame with Burrew, and only varied alebfa City or walled place deriuedfrom Caftrum. fane. Church. C after. See Chefter . ’ 1 Chanel. Chappell. Chafe. O e j>°* c ^ a j‘ Cone, a fmall creeke. Cliffe or cleve. C^ugh, A deepe defcent be- tweene hils. Cob, A forced harborow for fhips, as the Cob of Lime in Dorfetfhire. Cope, The top of a high hill. Combe, a word in vfe both in Trance and England for a valley betweene two high hils. Nieotim. Cote. Court. Couert, fir. A fhadowed place or fbade. [reeke. Croft , Tranflated by Abbo ■F lor iacencts in Tredmm, a Farme. Our Ancellours would fay prouerbially of a very poore man, that He had ne Toft ne Croft , Crojfe. D Hale. £>, Many trees neere toge- ther, or madow of trees. Shallow. Sheal, A cottage, or fhelter : the word is vfuall in the waftes of Northumber- land ’, and Cumberland. Shore. Shot, ox Shut, A Keep {Mun- Jier.) Shell, A well in the old Nor- thern Englifh. i! Slade. Slow, A miry foule place. Smeth, a fmooth plain Held, a word vfuall in Norfolk? and Sujfolke. Spir ,‘Tyramts : A fhaft to the old Englifh, or fpire fteeple. Spring. Stake. Strand, A banke of a Riuer. S tret. Stroad, Stroud: as fotnedoe think the lame with Strand. Stable as Stale. Stale and Staple , the lame, a ftorehoufe. Staple , a Mart Towne for merchandife. S ted, from theDutch S tadt, a ftanding place,a ftation. Steeple. Stey,A bankef Alfrictu.) Stile. S tocke. Sro%,the fame with Stow. Stone,ox S tane. Stow, A place, Alfricus. Strait h, a vale alone a Riuer. Side . T Temple. Tern , or Dern, a ftanding poole,a word vfuall in the North, Thorn , Thorp , from the Dutch : T)orpe,% village. Tkurn , a tower : Ortelim. Thwait , a word only vfed in the North, in addition of Townes : Some take it io4 Surnames . it for a pafture from the Dutch bmit. Toft, a parcell of ground where there hathbeenea houfe : but for Toft and Croft , enquire of Law- yers. Tor } a high place or To- wer. Trey, Britifh from Tref, a Towne, Trench Tree . V Vale, a Valey. Vaulx , the fame in French. Vpp. Vnder. W Wald , a Wood; the fame with Wild. Wall. Ware, ox Wear. Wake, or Werkj, a workeor building. Warren. Wajl , A defart or folitary place. Wajh. Wath,i fbord; a word vfuall in Yorkefhire. Water. Waj. Wich, and Wicb, i fhort, the curuing or rech of a Ri- uer,orthe Sea :Imim,Rhe^ namti ? But our Alfrtck, y and Co Tittittt maketh it a Caftle,or little Port. Wieb, i long, a fait fpring. Well. Wild. Wold, hils without wood. Wood. Worth, anciently Worth , and whiorthid'.Alfrictts makes it Vradeum, apoflefiioaor Farme : Abbo tranflateth it a Court or place : Ktlha- not a Fort and an lie. Y Yard. Tate or Yates. At a word , all which in Englilh had O/Tet before them , which in Chefhire and the North was contra&ed into A , as Thomas a r Dutton,Iohn a Standifh, Adam aKer by , and all which in Latine old Euidences haue had T)e prefixed , as all hereto- fore fpecified,were borrowed from places. As thofc which had Le fet before them, were not locall, but giuen in other refpe&s. As Le Marjhall,Le Latimer, Le T)ejfencer,Le Scroofe JLe La - uage, Le Vavafour, Le Strange, Le Nonce, LeEfcrntan, Le Bland, Le Mohneux, Le Bret. As they alfo which were neuer noted with T)e or Le, in which number I hauc obferued, Glif- forA Surnames. 105 fbrd, Baffet, ^ArmdeH, Howard, Talbot, Bel lot, Bigot, Bagot , T ailekoifc, Talemacb , Gernsn , Lovell , Lovet, Fortefcu , Pance* volt , Ttrell,Blmd or Blunt, Bijfet, Bacm, &c. And theft diftin- &iens of locall names with andothes with or (imply, were lidiculoufly obferued in Records, vntill about the time of King Edward the fourth. Neither was there, as I {aid before, or is there any towne, vil- lage, hamlet, or place in England, but hath made names to fa- milies , and fo many names are locall which doe not feeme fo , becaufe the places are vnknowne to mod men , and all knowne to no one man : as who would imagine whitegtft , P owlet, Bacon , Creeping , Alfiop, Tirwhit, Antrobm , Heather , Hart/hornefind many fuch like to be locall names? and yet mod certainely they are. Many alfo are lb changed by corruption of fpecch, and alte- red ft> lirangely to fignificatiue words by the common (ort, who defire to make all to be fignificatiue,as they fteme nothing leffe then locall names; as Wormwood, Inkepen, Tiptow,Moone, Maners, Drinkewater, (fuckold, G oddolphtn,Hur left one JVaites, Smdbacke, Lofcotte, T>emll, NeithcrmiH, Bellowes, Eilpot , Wo~ diU,&c. for Ormmd, Ingepen, Tiptoft, (JMohme, CAtanors , Derwentwdter,Cokswold,Godolehan,Htidleftone,Tbw*its,Smal~ bach,Lufcot, David, or D,Eivill, Nettervill , Bell -honfs^PhillB fh»t 3 Wahnl,&c. Neither is it to be omitted, that many locall names had ±At prefixed before them in old Euidences, is, At More, At Slow , At Ho. At Bower , Atwood, At T)owne, &c. which At, as it hath binremoued from fome,fo hath it bin conioyned to other, as Atwood, Atflovue, Atbo Atwell, Atmor,k% S. alft> is ioyned to mod now, as Mannors , Knoles, Crofts, Tates, Gates, Thornes, Groues, Hillcs, Combes, Holmes, Stokes, &c. Riucrs alft> haue impofed names to fome men, as they haue to Townes fituated on them; as the old Baron Sur- Tejs, that is, on the Riuer Tej/s, running betweene Yorkefhire and the Bifiioppricke of Dnrefme , Derwent-water , Eden , Trontbecke, Hartgiil, Efgitt, Wampnll, Swale, Stowre, Temes, Trent, Tamar,* Grant fTine, Croc, Lone, Lun,C alder, &c. as fome at Rome were called Tiberij,zAnie»i, Anfidij, &c. becauft they ' H were io 6 Surnames . wereborne neere the riuers Tibris, Anien 3 Aufidus,as Julius Pa, ris noteth. Diuers alfo had names from trees neere their habitations , as Oke, Ajpe, Box , Alder, Elder, Beach, Co'tgnersf . hat is , Quince^ Zonch { chat iSjthe trunk c of a tr cCfCurfy and Curfon, lithe ftocke ofa Kine^Pine, P famine, Chefney or Cheyneyf . hat is ,OkeTDau- ney,[thn is, Alder\Foulgiers, [that is, Fearne^fine, A fee, . Haw- thorne , Furres- Buf, Hafe.Couldray , [that is, Hafewood}Bucke , [that is, Beechf-Villowes, Thorne, Broome, Blocke , &c. which in former time had At prefixed, as at Beech , at Afhe, at Elme. And here is to be noted, that diuers of this fort haue beetle ftrangely contracted, as At Afhe into Taf . !>, At Oke into Toke, At Abbey into Tabbey ; At the End into Thend; As in Saints names, Saint Olye into Toly, Saint Ebbe into Saint Tabbe , Saint OJyth into Saint Tows. Many Grangers comming hither, and refiding here, were named or their Countries, as Pichard, Scot , Lombard , Flem- ming, French , Bigod, that is, fupertiitious,or Norman."] ( For Co the French men called the Normans, becaufe at euery other word they would fweareby God ) Bretton : Bret , Bargain, Germain, IVeftpbaltng, Dane, Dane is, Man, Gafcoyne, Weljh, IValfh, W alleys, Irifls, Cormfh, Cornwallis, Eaflarling , Maine , Champenis ,P otievtn, Angevin, Coring, that is, de Lotharingia, &c. And thefe had commonly Le prefixed in Records and in Writings, as Le Flemming, Le Pichard, Le Bret ,&c. viz,, the Flemming, the Pichard. Inrefpedoffcituationtoother neere places rife thefe vfuall names, Norrey, North, South, EaflyPefl, and likewife North- cote, Southcote , Eafcoatc, Weflcoate ; which alio had originally At fet before them. Yea , the name of Kit chin , Hall , Sellar y Parler , Church, Lodge, &c. may feeme to haue beerie borrow- ed from the places of birth, or mod frequent abode ; as among the Greekes, Anatolius, i. Eafi, Zephirus, i. Weft, &c. Whereas therefore thefe locall denominations of families are of no great antiquitie,I cannot yet fee, why men fihouid thinke that their Anceftors gaue names to places , when the places bare thofe very names, before any men did their Surnames. Yea, the very terminations of the names are fuchas are only proper and ap- Surnames. 107 pliable to places, and not to perfons in their fignifications, ifa- ny will markethcLocall terminations which I lately fpecified. Who would fuppofe Hill, Wood, Field, Ford, Ditch, Poole, Pond, Towne, or Ton, and fuch like terminations, to bee conue- nient for men to 'beare their names, vnleffe they could alfo dreame Hills, Woods, Fields, Fords, Ponds, Pounds, &c. to haue becne metamorphofed into men by fome fupernaturall transformation continue. - And I doubt not but they will confeffe that, Townes ftand longer then families. Itmayalfo be prooued, that many places which now' haue Lords denominated @f them, had Lords and owners of other Surnames, and families not many hundred yeeres fince. But a fufficient proofe it is of ancient defeent, where the inhabitant had his Surname of the place where hee inhabiteth , as Comp- ton of Compton, Tsrrmgkam, of Terr ingham , Eger ton, < 4 ^ of Egerton, Portington of Partington , Skfjfington of Skeffing. ton , Beeflonc/iBeeflon.&c. I know neuertheleffe , that albeit mod Townes haue bor- rowed their names from their fituation, and other refpe6ls° yet fome with apt terminations haue their names from men, as Edwarfton, Alfredftone ,Vbsford, Malmesbury , corruptly for Maidnlphsbury. But thefe names were from fore-names or Chriftian names, and not from Surnames. For Ingulphus plain- Pag. 491. ly fheweth, that Wtbnrton, and Lefrington were lo named, be- caufetwo Knights, Wtburt and Leofric there fometimes inha- bited.But if any fhould affirme that the Gentlemen named Lef- fiington , Wtburton, Lane after, or Leicefter, Bofevill,oi Shor- ditch, gaue the names to the places fo named, I would humbly, without preiudice , craue refpite for a further day before I be- leeued them. And to fay as I thinke, verily when they fhall bet- ter aduife themfelues, and marke well the terminations of thele, and fuch like Locall names, they will not preflemeouer eager- ly herein. & Notwithftanding , certaine it is, that Surnames of fami- lies haue beene adioyned to the names of places for diftift- btion , or to notifie the owner, as CMelton- 'JMoubray , High- am-Ferrers, Mmfter-Louell, Stanfted-Rmrs, Draytcn-bajfet, H 2 Dray- io 8 Surnames. Drayton Beauchamp, (fc. for that they were the pofleffions of Mouhray, Ferrers , Louell, c rc. Nither doe I deny but feme a- mong vs in former time, as well as now, dreaming of immorta- lity of their names, haue named their houfes after their owne names , as Carnots- fourt, Hatnons, Bretts , B at lies, Theob aides, when as now they haue poifefiors of others names. And the old Verle is, and alwayes will be verified of them, which a right worfhipfull friend of mine not long fince writ vpoo his new hoiile. Nunc med, mox butus } fedpoftea nefcio chins. Neither muftall, hauing their names from places, fuppofe that their Aunceftors were either Lords,or pofl'eifours of them; but may allure themfelues,that they originally came from them or w'ere borne at them. But the Germans and Polonians doe cleere this errour,by placing In before the Locall names, if they are poffeflbrs of the place, or Of, if theyonely were borne at them, as Mar tinus Cromer tu noteth. The like alfo feemethto beinvfein the Marches of Scotland , for there you fhall haue Trotter of Foljbaw, and Trotter in Fogo, Halt ley of Hartley, and Haitley in Hartley . Whereas fince the time of King Henry the third, the Prin- ces children tooke names from their natall places, as Edward of Carnarvon^ Thomas ofBrotberton, Joanne of iA cres , Ed- mund of Woodfiocke , 1 ohn of Gaunt , who named his children, by Cath S win ford, Beaufort of a place in France belonging to the HoufeofLancafter, it is nothing to our purpofe to make fur- ther mention of them, when as they neuer defcended to their pofterity. After thefe Locall names, the moft names in number haue beene deriued from Occupations , or Profcflicns , as Tay- lor, Potter, Smith, Sadler,Arblafter , that is, Baliftarius , Ar- cher, Tauerner, Chauier. i. Hofier, Weauer, Pointer, Pain- ter, Walker, id eft. Fuller in old Englifh, Baker, Baxter, Bou - lengem , all one in fignification. Collier, Carpenter, Ioyner, Salter, Armorer, Spicer, Grocer, Monger ideft, Chapman, Brewer, Brafier, Wcbfter, Wheeler , Wright, Cartwright, ■ Ship- Surnames. 109 Shipwright, Banifter,Ue/,2?d/#i?tff0r,Forbiffier, Farrar, Goffi id eft, Smith in Welfli.And moft which end in £r,in our tongue, as among the Latines, Artificers names h-encartus a s.lmtearitss, veftiarius ,calcearius , &c. or so or io, for their terminations , as Linteo,PeMo,Phrjgio. Neither was there any trade, craft, art, profefiion, occupati- on neuer fo meane, but had a name among vs commonly en- ding in Er , and men accordingly denominated , but forae are wome out of vfe,and therefore the fignifications are vnknowne, and other haue becne mollified ridiculoufiy by the bearers, kaft they Ihould feeme vilified by them. And yet the like names were among the nobleft Romans , as FiguLts, PiElor, Fabritius, S crib onius , Salinator , Fuji tens , ^Agricola, Car bo, Funartus, <*rc. And who can deny but they lb named may bee Gentlemen , if Vertuc (which is the foule of Gentrie) fhall ennoble them , and Ktrtus (as one faith) Nulli fraclufa eft, om- nibus fatet. Albeit Do&our Turner in a booke againft Stef ben Gardiner , faith the contrary , exemplifying of their owne names. At which time wife was the man that told my Lord Bi« fhop, that his name was not (jar diner , as the English pro- nounce it,bnt Gardiner with the French accent, and therefore a Gentleman. Hitherto may bee referred many that end in Man, as Tub- man, Carman, Coachman, Ferriman,Clothman, Chapman, Spel« man, id eft. Learned man,Palfriman,Horfcman,&c. Many haue been alfumed from offices, as, Chamber sJZham- berlaine, Cooke , S fencer, that is , Steward, (JMarfhall, Latimer , that is, Interf retour , Staller, that is, Conftable or Standard- bearer, j Reeue, Woodreeue , Shertfe, Sergeant , Parker, Fofter , that is, Nourifher, Forrefter,conttz£tly Forfter, Hunter, Kemfe, that is,Souldier in old Englifla; ( for Alfricus tranflateth Tiro, Tong- Kemfe) Faulconer, Fowler, Page, Butler , Clarke, ProBor, Sf igurnell , that is, a fealer of Writs,which office was heredita- ry for a time to the Bohunes of Midherft. Bailiue , Franclin, Leach, Warder, i. Keeper, and from thence Woodward , Mill- ward, Steward, Dooreward, that is, Porter, Beareward, Hey- ward, Hereward, that is, Confemer of the army. Bond, that is, ‘Paterfamilias , as it is in the booke of old termes belonging H 3 fomc- no Surnames . Eftein Jc Cvpric. foraetimes to Saint Angufiincs in Canterbury , and we retaine it in the compound Hufband. In which bookealfo Horden, iy interpreted a Steward. Likewife from Ecclehafticali fun&ions, as Bifhop , Abbot, Pricfl,Monke, Deane, Deacon, Arch. deacon, which might feeme to be impofed in fuch refpe6I,as the furname of Arche n jefque,ox Areh-bifhop was vpon Hugh d eLuftgman in Franre j who ( when by the death of his brethen the Signicuries of Partenay , Soubizje, &c. were fallen to him ) was difpenfed by the Pope to marry, on condition that his pofterity fhould beare the furname of Archeuefque, and a Mitre oner their Aimes forcuer; which to this day is continued. Names alio haue beene taken of ciuill honours, dignities, and eflatc,as King, Duke, Prince, Lord, Baron, Knight, Valuafor, or Vavafor, Squire, Cafiellan, parly for that their Anceftours were fuch, ferued fuch, a&cd fuch parts, or were Kings of the Beane, Chrifimas Lords, &c. And the like names we reade a- mongtheGreekes and Romans, as B uplifts, Arcbias, Arche- laus, Regulus , Flatninius, Cafarius, Augufiulus : who notwith- ftanding were neither Kings, Priefts, Dukes, or Cafars. ' Others from the qualities of the minde , as Good, Tho- rough-good, Goodman, Goodchild,lVife, Har die, Plaine, Light, Adeems, Bold, Beft,Prowd, Sharpe, Still, Street e, Speede, Quiche, Sate. As thofe old Saxon names. Shire, that is, Cleere, DJyre, that is, Wclbeloued, Blah, that is, merry, Drury, that is, Iewell. Alio thefe Frenchnames, G alltar d, that is, Frolicke, Mu Jar d, that is, Delayer, B land, that is, Faire-fpoken, Coigne, that is,. Vallianf 3 r?«tfW, that is,Pleafa nt,Barrat, Bus, Rup, that is, Sub- tile, and lb is Par at in the old booke of Peterborough, Huttin, that is, Mutiner. As among the Grecians, Agathiai, Andraga- thius, Sophocles, Eubulus, Eumemus, Thrafeas. Among the Romans, Prudentius, Lepidus, Cato, Pms, .Valans, Gonjlans, AJper , Tacitus, Dulcitius, &c. And accordingly names were borrowed, as Plutarch faith, from the nature of the man , from his anions , from fbme marke , forme or deformity of his body, as (JMaermus that is, Long, Torquatus, that is, Chained, Sulla, chat is, Mario St Syfla, White and Red; And in like fort Mncmon , rfiat is, Minde- fuil. Chaucer. Plutarch in Surnames. i r i full, that i$,Hawkcs nofe, (fallinictu, that is,Fair'e victor. From the habitudes of body , and the perfections or imper- fedtions thereof, many names hauc beene impoled, as Strong , Armfrontr, Long, Low, Short ,Broad,Bigge, Little, F 'dire. Good, body, Freebodj, Bell, that is, Faire Bellot , that is, Belluhte, proper in French: Holder, that is, Thinne, Heile, that is, Healthful], Fairfax, that is, Faire-lockes in ancient English , Whitlockcs , Sec. As thole BritilE names ftill in yfe among vs, V achan , that is, Little, Moel, that is. Bald, Gam, that is, Crooked, Fane, that is. Slender, Grim , that is. Strong, Krich, that is, Curlepate, Grig , or Trig, that is, Hoarle. No more to bee difliked then thel'e Greeke and Roman names, Nero, that is. Strong, as alio Romulus', Longue, Longinus, Minutiae, Macros . , Megaflhe- ttes, Califiae, Calltjlhenes , Paulas, (fincinnatut, CriJpus,Caluus, Ter entitle, that is, tender according to Varro. Gracchus, that is, Thinne, Bajfus, that is. Fat, Saluflim, that is, Healthfull, and Codes one eye. As P aptrius Mafonim reporteth that Pbitip- pm Aagudut King of France, was furnamed B or gne for his blin- king with one eye. Others in refpe&of age haue reeciued names, as Tong, Olde, Baby, Child, Stripling, as with the Romans, Senecio, Prtfeus, la- venalis Junius, Virginias ,&c. ' . Some from the time wherein they were borne, as Winter, Sum- mer, Chriftmas, Lay, May, Sunday, Holyday, Mrnd.ay, Pafchalt, Noel, ’Pentecofi : as with the ancient Romans Janmrius, Mar- tins, Manius, Lucius, Feflus, and Virgilius borne at the riling of the Vtrgilia, or feuen liars, as Pont anus learnedly writeth againli them which write his name Virgilius. Some from that which they commonly carryed, as Palmer, that is, Pilgrime, for that they carryed Palme when they retur- ned from Hierufalem : Long-fword, Broad-fpeare, Forte feu, that is. Strong -fhield, and in lomc fuch rtfptdl,Breake-fpeare, Shake - fpeare ; Shot bolt, Wagfiaffe, Bagot , in the old Norman, the fame with Seif to, that is, a liay or walking ftaffe with the Latines , which became a furname , for that Cornelius Itrued as a liay to his Blind father. Likevvife Bilim an, Hookeman , Talvae, of a fhield Id called, yy hereof fonne of Robert de Belfme Earle o fShrev ^ury, had his name. H 4 Claud.Fau- chct. Some in Surnames. Some from parts of the body, as Head, Redhead , Whitehead, Legge, Foote, Pollard,eyLrme, Hand, Lips, Heart, as £ orculum , Capito,Pedo,Labeo,Nafo, among the Romans. Garments haue alfo occafioned names, as Hofe,Hofatus,Hat , Cap, Frocke, Reticote, Gaicote : as with the Romans, Caligula , Caracalla,Fimbria ,and Hugh Capet, from whom this laft houfc ©f France defeended, was lo called; for that bee vfed when hee was young to fnatch off his fellowcs caps, if wee beleeue©» Ttllet. Not a few from colours of their complexions, garments or other wife haue gotten names, as White, Blache, Browne, Rgd, Greene and thofe Norman name: Rom, that is, Red, Blunt or Blund, that is. Flaxen haire, and from thefe Ruffell and Blundell , Gris, that is, Gray, Tigot, that is, Speckled, Blanch and Blanc , that is,White,with thole Brittifh or Welfh names, w'ho w’here- as they were wont to depaint themfelues with fundry colours, haue alfo borrowed many names from the faid colours , as Gogh, that is, Red, Gwin, that is, White, T)ee, that is, Blacke, Lhuid or Find, that is, Ruffet : Names to bee no more difliked then Albinus, Candidas, Flavius, Fulvim, Fufchm , Burrhus , Coeceim, "Rutiluts, "Rufus, Niger, Nigrinus, among the Ro- mans;and "Pyrrhus ,Chlor us, Leucagm, Chryfes,Melanthius,&c . among the Grecians. Some from flowers and fruits, as Lilly , Lis, R^fe, P ear e, Nut, Filbert, Peach, "Pefced , Fetch, as faire names as Lentulus, Rifo^ Fabitu, among theRomans. Others from beads, as Lambe,Lion, Boare, B ear e^Bucke, Hind, Hound, Foxe,Wolph, Hare, Hog,Rge s Broc , Badger, &c. Neither are thefe and fuch like to bee difliked, when as among the noblelt Romans, Leo,Vrjtcinus, (fatullus, Lupus, Leponm,Aper,Apronim, Can'mius, Cajlor, qtc- and Cy- rus, that is, Dog, with the P'crfians were very vfuall. Fromfifhes likewife,as Playce, Salmon, Trout, Cub, Gurnard, Herring, Tike, Rihertll^Brems, Burt, whiting , Crab,Sx>lt,Mjtl- let, Bafe, &c. nothing inferiour to the Roman names, ( JALurena, Rhocas,Orata, that is, Gtl'hed , &c . for that happily they loued thofe fifhes more then other. Many haue beetle deriued from Birds, as (ferbet, that is, Rauen, •Aronddl, that is, Swallow ; the Gjiademenof which name. Surnames] i 1 5 name , dobeare thofe birds in their Coat-armours , Biffet , i. Done , Larky , Tiffon, Chaffinch, Nit ingall, laycocky,Peacocke, Sparow, Swan, Crow , Woodcocke, Eagle , Alcocke , Wiicocke , Handcocke , Afrr/cr or H owlet, Wren , Goflmg,P arret, Wid-goofe, Finch, Kite, &cc. As good names as theie, fontmus, Aquilttts, Mtluius , Gallrts ,Picm, Fa/co , Lima i. Stockedoue,&c. There- fore I cannot but meruaile why one ihould lo fadly meruaile fuch names of beafts and birds to be in vfe in (ongo in Africa, when they are and haue beene common in other Nations, as well as they were among the Troglodites inhabiting nearc Con- go informer times. Of Chriftian names, as they haue beene without change, many more haue beene made , as Francis, Herbert, Guy , Giles, Leonard, Michael, Lewis, Lambert , Owen, Howel, Iofcelin, Humfrey, Gilbert, Griffith, Griffin ,Confiantine, lames, Thomas, Blaz,e, Anthony, Foulke, Godfrey ,GeruasfRgndall, Alexander, Charles,D an tel, &c, Befide theie and fuch like , many furnames are deriued from thofe Chriftian names, which were in vfe about the time of the Conqueft , and are found in the Record called Doomefday booke, and elfewhere ; as Achard, Aim, Alpheg, Aldelme , Ancher, Anfeltn ,Anfelm, AnJger,Askaeth,H fcuith, Alberic, Bagot, Baldric, Bardolph, Belchard, Berenger , Berner, Bifo, Brient, (fanut. Knout, or Cnnte, Carbonell, Chettell \ Coif \ Corbet, Coruen, Crouch , Degory, Hod, Done, Donet, as it fee- mcthfrom Honatus, Dm, Duncan, Durand, Eadid, Edolph,E- genulph, Elmer, Eudo or Ede, Fabian , Fulcher, Gamelin, Gerne - f an , G trth,Goodw: n, G odw'tn , G oodrich } Goodf ucke , G rime, G rirrir- aldyGmcelin , Guthlake, Haco o’* Hake,Hamon,Hamehn , Brand a fl3r- Harding, Hafling, Henbrand, and many ending in Brand, Her- ring vp iun:u., man,Heruye , Heward , Howard, Herwaedffiubald , Hubert, Huldrich , lollan, h.l\, contradi'y from luhan, luo or lue, Ket- tell, Leofwin, Lewin , Leuin,Liming, Macy,Maim, Mainerd, Metier, Murdac, Nele, Norman, Odd' otHode, Oger, Olaue, Orfo or Vrfo,Orme_ Osborne j Other, Payne, Picot,P 'yard, Pont Fwitz,,%yynerdByjny,RolphfRptroc,Saer,Searle,Semar,Sewai, Sancbet, Siwald, Siwtrd. Stauerd, Star, Calf Swain, Sperwicke Talbot , Toly , Tony , Tar god, Turrold, Turfian, Turehill , V tired,, U4 Surnames. V tired or Ofigthred,Vde, Tinian, Timer, Wade ,Walar4nd,Wiftan, Wince , Walbhn, Warner , Wtnebald, Wigod, Wigan, Wimare, Wi- mare, Woodnot^&c. And not ondy thefe. from the Saxons and Normans, but al- fo many Britan or Weifh Chriftian names ., as well in ancient time, as lately hath beetle taken vp for furnames, when they came into England , as Chm,Blethin,Kenham from Cynan or Con an (if, Gntm, Meruin , Bely ,Sitfil , or Gefil, Cara doc, Madoc, Rbtid , I the (l, Meric, Meredith, Edern, Bedovs, from theEnglifh Bede, i. A delimit prayer , befide the Welfh Chriftian names vluall and knowne to all. As in like manner many names were made from the Prstnomma among the Romans, as Spuri- lim,Statilius,Titiiss, from Spurius, Statins, Titus. And as Quin-* tilian faith. Agnomina & cognomina vim nermnum obtinuerunt 3 & pr&nomwa nonunum. By contradling or rather corrupting of Chriftian names, we haue Terry from Theodoric, Frerry from Frederic, Collin and Cole from Nicholas, Tebald (rom Theobald Jcjjbp ,from lofeph, A ubry, from Alberic,Amery , from Almeric, Garret from Ger- rard, Nele , from Nigel, Elis from Elias , Bets , from Beat us , as Bennet, from 'BenedtB, &c. By addition ©f S. to Chriftian names, many haue beene ta- ken, as Williams, Rogers, Peters, Peirs,T)ames, Harris , Roberts , Simonds fiuyes T>tcuens , Richards, Hughes, Iones,&c. From Nicknames o*Nurfenames,camc thefe (pardon me if it offend any/or it is but my conit 6iv.re,)Bill & Willi or William , Clem for Clement, Nat for Nathaniel, Mab for Abraham, Kit for (f hrifiopher , Mur.d for Edmund , Hall for Harry, At and Atlyfor Arthur , (fut for (futhbert, Mill for Miles, Baul and Bald for Baldwin , Ran for Randol, Crips for (frifpin,Turlee for Turktetil,Sam for Sampfon or Samuel, Pipe for Pipard,Gib Gil- pin for Gilbert , Dan for Daniel, Grig for Gregory, Bat for Bar- tholomew, Law for Lawrence , Tim for Timothy, Rol for Rolland, Jeff lor / effreyfDun fc : Duncan or Dmfian ,Dnke for Marma- duke,Day for T) an id -God for Godfrey or Godard; for otherwife I cannot imagine how th.it moll holy namevnfit for a man, and not to be tolerated, fhould be appropriate to any man : and ma- ny foch like which you may lcarnepf Nurfes. By Surnames. i r 5 By adding of S tothefe Nicknames or Nurfenames, in all probability wee h3ue Robins yNtcky , Nicols, Thoms, Dicl^s, Hicks, Wills, Sims, Sams, locks , lucks , Collins , lenks, Mrnds , Hodges , Hobs, Bobs, Saunders from Alexander, Gibs, and Gib- bins from Gilbert, Cuts from Cutkberd , Bats from Bartholo- mew, Wats from Walter , Philips from Philip, Haines from A- nulphus , as fome will, for Ainulpbefbury in Cambiidgefhire is contracted to Ainjbury, and fuch like. ■ Many likewife haue beene made by adioyning Kins and Ins to thofc nurfenames , making them in Kins as it . were di- minutiues , and thofe in Ins , as Patronimyca. For fo Alfric Archbifhop of Canterbury , and the molt ancient SaXen Gram- marian of our Nation, noteth that names taken from Proge- nitors do end in Ins , fo Dickins , that is, little Dicke,PerkhtT from Par or Peter, little Peter;fo Tomkins, Wilkins, Hutchins, Muggings , Higgins , Hitchins ; from Hugh , Lambkins from Lambert, Hopkins , Hoblyns; from Hob , Dobbins , Robbins, Atkins , from Arthur ,Simkins ,Hodgekings , Hoskins , Watkins , Ienkings,I ennings , from I ohn, Gtbbms and Gilpin from Gilbert , Hulkiui . rom Henry, Wilkins from William, Tipkins, from T 'bald, Daukins from D any, Rawlins from Raoul , that is, Rafe and Hankjn for Ran doll in Chefhirc. In this manner did the Ro- mans vary names, as Conftans ,Conftantius ,C onftant'mus ,Iujhci, Iufiulus,IuJlmus, lufiintanui : Aurelius, Aureolas, Aureliams, Augujhu, Augufiinus ,Augufiinianus, Auguflulus&c. Befidethefe, there are alfo other diminitiue names after the French Analogy in Et or Ot , as Willet ; from Will, Haket ; from Hake, Bartlet ; from Bartholomew, Millet ; from Miles, Huet from Hughe , Allet from ss Allan , Collet from Cole, Guyet from Guy , Eliot from Elias , and Beckvet , that is , Little Sharpe nofe. But many more by addition of Son, to the Chrifiian or Nickname of the Father, as Wi’lialnfbn, Richardfon , Thcly fan , Htrrifon , G’bfih; far Gilbertfon,Simfon,Stmondfen , S fa- tten fm , Baufon; for Dauifon , Morifon, Lawjtm . for Lw renfon, Robmfon, Cutbert fan, Isftcholfen, T vwtfon, VFiifon, Lcwe- fon, Iobfon , Waterfon , F/atfon , Perrfon , and peirfon, Peter - fon,Han[on from Hanlgn, ihlkinfin , Danifon for Darnel, Be - ntfotj »' ii6 Surnames. nifort, and Ben fan from Bennet , Denifon, Patifon; from Pair icfi Jcnknifon,Maitfin-, from MathewfiColfon-, from Cole , or Ni- cboll , R ogerfun. Herdfotr, from Her ding fort, Hodgslynfon, Hughe- fon,Hulfon ; from HuldrtCyHodfon from Hod on Oddo, Nelfon from Neale or NigeH, t DaHidfon y Sannder fon ) Iohnfon, Rattlfotr, from Raoul or Ralf. So the ancient Romans vied Publipor, Marcipor i LHcipor i for Publij puer, Marti puer,Lucif puer , ac- cording to Varro : As afterwards in the Capitolm Tables,they were wont to note both father and grandfather for proofe of their gentry in abbreuiations, as A. Sempronius, Auli filins, Luci) Nepos , that is , Aulus Sempronius , fonne of Aulus, grandchild or nephew of Lucius, C. Martius, L .F. (fi.N. &c. Neither is it true which fome fay , Omnia nomina in Son fiunt Borealis generis, when as it was vfuall in euery part of the Realme. Some alfo haue had names from their mothers, as Fitz.- Tarnell , Fitz,-Ifabell, Fitz.-'JA'lary, Fitz,-Emme, LMaudlens, Sufans,Mawds,Grace,Emfon,&c. As Refpafian the Emperor, from Fefpafia Tolla his mother , and Topaa Sabina the Em- preffe,from her grandmother. In the lame fence it continueth yet in them which defeended from the Normans , Fitz^Hugh , Eitz^wilham, Fitz-Herbert , Fitz>-Geffry , Ftfz- Simon, Fit^-^Alan, Fitz,- Owen , Fitz,-Randoll, being names taken from their Pro- genitours , as among the Irifh , Mac-William , Mac-Gone, cJTf; c-Dermot , CWac- rJMahon, ijftlac- D on ell, 'yjft'lac- tA ni, i. the lonne of « Arthur . Soamong the Welfb Britans likewife, Ap Robert, Ap- 8 uans, Ap-Tthel, Ap- Harry, Ap-Hughe, Ap-Rice, Ap-Rtchard,Ap - H ore ell, Ap-Emon, A p- Owen, Ap-Hcnry, Ap-Rhud, which be contracted in Trobert,Beuan, Bytbell, Tarry, Tughe, Trice , Trie hard, Towell, Benton, Bowen, Tenrhye, Trud,&c. So in the borders of England and Scotland, Gawis hk^, for John the fonne of Gawin, Richies Edward for Edward the fonne of Richard, Iony Riches Will, for William the lonne of lohn, fonne of Richard. The like I haue heard to be invfe among the meaner fort in Cornwall • Dainty was thedeuifeof my Hoft at Grantham, which would Surnames. 1 17 would wifely make a difference of degrees in perfons , by the terminations of names in this word Jon, as betweene Robert fan-, Robtnfon, Robfon, Hobfin; Rkhardfion, Dickson , and Tickm- Jon; Wtlfonjytlltamfon^n&Wtlkinfon, Iackson,lohnfion ienkin - [on, as though the one were more worfhipfuli than the other by his degrees of comparifon. x The names of alliance, haue alfb continued in fomefor furnames , as where they of one family being of the fame Chriftian name, were for diftindfion called R.Le Frere, Ls Fitz., Le Cojln, that is,Brother,the Sonne, &c. all which palled in time into Surnames. Many names alfo giuen in merriment for By-names or Nicke-names, haue cominued to pofterity :as Maldmt for ill fcholkrfhip,or ill taught , Malheur e commonly Mallyuerya. Mains Ley or arm* , for ill hunting the hare. Pater nofler for deuout praying. As he that held Land by tenure, to fay a cer- taine number of Pater nofler , for the foules of the Kings of England, was called Pater nofler and left that name to his po- fterity. Certainly it remaineth vpon Record by Inquifition 27. Edwardi 3 . that Thom.Wtnchard held land in capite in Conin- gefton in the County of Leicefter,by faying daily fiue times Pater nofler and Aue Maria, for the foules of the Kings pro- genitours,and the foules of all the faithfull departed pro omni fernitio. The Frenchman, which craftily, and cleanely conuey- ed himfclfe and his prifoncr, T. Crioll a great Lord in Kent, about the time of King Edward the fccond out of France , and had therefore Swinfield giuen him by Crioll , as I haue reade, for his fine conueyance, was then called Fi- nenx , and left that name to his pofterity. So Baldwin le Pettour , who had his name , and held his Land in Suf- folke , ’Ter falttimj , Jafflutn-i & pettum~> , fine bumbnhim, for dauncing , pout-puffing and doing that before the King of England in Chrift-matTe Holy-dayes, which the word Tet fignifieth in French. Inquire if you vnderftand it not of Cloacinas Chaplaines , or fuch as are well read in zsdiax. Vpon fuch like occafions names were giuen among the Romans , as Tremelms was called S crop ha or Sow , bccaufe when Suetonius. Capirolmus. i3 8 Surnames . when hcc had hid his neighbours Sow voder a padde , and commanded his wife to lie downc thereon; he fvvare when the owner came in to feeke the Sow , that he had no Sow but the great Sow that lay there, poyiuingtorhe padde, and the Sow his wife. So one for minis was fiimamed Afina, for that when hec was to put in afiurance for payment of certaine fummes in a purchafe, he brought his Affe laden with money, and madeready payment. So zAugufttu r named his Dwarfe Sarmentmn , i, Sprigge,and Tib.rms called one Tricongms , for carowfing three gallons of wine. So Ser mints was called <*Ala, for carrying his dagger vndcr his arme-pit,whf n he killed Spu~ rtHs, So Pertinax the Emperour being ffnbbernly refolute in his youth to be a wood monger as his father was, when he would hauc made him a Scholler , was named Pertinax. So the father of Valens the Emperour, who was Campe- mailfer here in Britt aim , for his faft holding a rope in his youth, which ten Souldiers could not plucke from him, was called Fmtaritis. About which time alfo ‘Paul a Spaniard, a common Informer in Brittaine, was named Catena, i- the Chaine , for that he chained and fettered many good men here , with linking together falfe furmiles , to their vtter vndooing in the time of fonfiantims the yonger , who al- fo that I may remember if in paffage, named his attendant Scholler by no v netting name , Uhiufonms. But what names the beaftly naonfterf rather than Empercur) Commodns gaue to his attendonts , I dare not mention , left I fhould bee immodefily offenfiue to ehafte eares , and model! mindes. But hitherto(with modefty)may bee referred this of the family of Gephyri , i. Brtdges in Greece , who tooke their name from a Bridge;for when their mother was deliuered of nine children at a birth, and in a foolifh feare had priuily lent feuen of them to be drowned ata bridge , the father fbdaincly comming to the bridge, faued them, and thereupon gaue them that name. Of the(e,and the like, we may fay , Proptora fme honori, quant ignominu, Infinite are the occafions which in like manner hauc made names to perfons, I will onely report one or two French examples, that thereby you may imagine of o~ there in other places, and former ages. In Surnames, 1 i 9 In the firft broyles of Frame , ccrtaine companies ran- ging themfelues into troupes , one Captaine tooke new names to himfelfe and his company from the furniture of anhorfe. Among thefe new named gallants, you might haue heard of Mom (tew Saddle , ( to englifh them ) Mounfieur Bridle , Ls Croupi^Le Girte, Horfhooe , Bate, Trappier s, Hoofe, Strrrope , Curbe, M'tfrole Jrrontfiall, &c. Moff of the which had their pafport,as my Author notcth,by 5 V/{rm/r^wife , heire of the Nor- man houfe of the Neuils , tooke the name of Neuill , and left it to his poftenty which was fpread into very many honourable families of England. In like manner the Tonne of Iofcelin of Louan ayongerfonneto the Duke of Brabant when he had married Agnes the onely daughter of William Lord Percy fo named [of Percy For re ft in the County of tJAiaen , from whom they came, (asd not of piercing the King of Scots through the eye, as PleElor Poet ins fabicth ) his Sonne and Pofterity vpon a compofition with the fame Lady , tooke her name of Percy , but retained their Surnames. 12,5 old Coate armour, to fhevv from whom they descended; So Adam de Montgomery , fas it is held by tradition,! know not how triicly ^) marrying the daughter and heire of farem of Molesford , her lonne rclinquifhing his ovvne , left to his poflerity his mothers name Carew , from whom the Barons Carew, the Carews of Haccomb , of Berry, of Anthony ,Bed' dingtcn 3 grc. haue had their names and orjginall. Likewile Ralph Cernon marrying the daughter of Cauendrfh , or Can- dtfr, left: that name to his iffne, as Th. Talbot, a learned Gene- alogitt hath prooued. So Robert Meg the great fauorite of King Iohn tooke the name of Braybrooke , whereof his mo- ther was one of the heires. So Sir Iohnde Hmdlow marrying the daughter and heire of the Lord Burnell , his pofterity tooke the name of Burnell. So Sir Tib mid Ruffell tooke the name of De Gorges to him and hisiffue, for that his mother was fitter and one of the heires of Ralph de Gorges, as it ap- peared in' the controuerfie betweene Warbleton and thelayd Tibauld de Gorges and Horjley for the coate of Armes Lo- t^engy, Or,and Azure, 21. of Edward the third, before Henry Earle of Lancafler , and others, at the liege of S. (JMargaret , Not many ycares fince , when lames Horfey had married the daughter of De Le-vale of Northumberland , his iflue tooke the name of De-le-vale. Hereunto may they alfo be referred who changed their names in remembrance of their Progenitours being more ho- nourable, as the Ionne of Geffrey Fitz-Petre , tooke the name of Magnavilla or Mandevile , when they came to be Earles of Effex, becaule their grandmother Beatrix was of the houfe of Mandeutle , as appeareth by the Abbey booke of Walden. So Thomas de Molton tooke the name of Lucy , and many o~ ther, which I omit. Others alio haue taken the name of them whofe lands they had : As when King Henry thefiift gaue the lands of the attainted Robert (JhVloubraj Earle of Northumberland, being 120. Knights fees in Normandy , and 140. in Eng- land, to Nigell or Neale de Alb eney his bow-bearer , who in the battell at Trenchbray , tooke Robert Duke of Normam - dy priloner : hee commanded withall , that his pofteritie I 3 fhould ii 6 Surnames. fhould take the Surname of Moubray , which they accor- dingly did, and retained the fame as long as the ifluemalc continued , which determined in Iobn Moubray Duke of Nor- folks , in the time of King Edward the fourth : whole heires were married into the families of Howard and Barkley. Remembrance of benefits made others to change their names, as William Mortimer defeended from thofe of Ri- chards Caftle, tooke the name of La Zouch , and named his fonne Alan de la- Z ouch , for fauour receiued from the Lord Zouch of Afhby de la-Zouch , in refpebt of alliance, as appea- red by Inquifition, 1 1 . & 2 I . Ed. 3 . In refped of adoption alfo, very manjfc in all ages haue changed their names : I neede not particulate it,for all know it. Some of their owne diflike of their names, haue altered them: for as I haue read in the booke of Fornejje , William , Fttz,-Gilbcrt Baron of Kendall, obtained licence of King Hen- ry the fecond,to change his name, and call himfelfe and his po- lierity Lancafter , from whom the Lancaflers in Wefimer- land , &c. are defeended . Hereupon fome thinke that without the Kings licence new names cannot be taken , or old names giuen away to o- thers. Yet TiraqueM the great Ciuilian of France, in Leg. qmn Conub. Tit. 2p. feemeth to incline, that both name and Armes may be transferred by will and teftament, and produced Au- gufius , who by his Teftament commanded Tiberius and Li- ma to beare his name. How in former times Herviole , Dun- vile, Clanwowe , gauc and granted away their Armes, which are as filent names , diftin&ions of families ; and the fame was thought vnlawfull afterward, when the Lord Hoo would haue done the fame, fhall be declared in more con- uenient place. But the inconuenience of change of names, hath beenc difeouered to be fuen in France , that it hath beene pro- pounded in de Parliament at Diion ,thzt it fhould not be per- mitted but in thefe tworefpe&s, either when one fhould be made heire to any with any efpeciall w ? oids,to affume the name of theteftator; or when any one fhould haue donation fur- mounting a thoufand crownes , vpon the fame condition. But to retire to onr purpofe. Not Surnames . iiy Not a few haue aflfumed the names of their fathers Ba- ronies , as informer times the iflueof Richard Fttz- Gilbert t tooke the name of Clare , which was their Barony: and in late time, fince the Buttons came to the Barony of Dudley, all their ifliie tooke the name of Dudleyes: that I njayomit o- thers. The diflike of others hath caufed alfo a change of names, for King Edward the firft, difliking the iteration of Fitz., commaunded the Lord lohn Fitz-Robert , an ancient Baron. (whofe Anceftours had continued their Surnames by their fa- thers Chriftian names,) to leaue that manner , and to be called Si'^eten' 3 * lohn of Clattering , which was the capitall feate of his Barony. And in this tim^many that had followed that ceurfeof na- ming by Fit *, tooke them one fetled name, and retained it,as Fttz, Walter , and others. Alfo at that time the names of Thomfon ,Richardfon,Wilfon, and other of that forme began to be fetled , which before had varied according to the name of the father. J^dward the fourth iikcwifc fas I haue heard,) louing fome whofe name was Pi- card, would often tell them that he Ioued them well , but not their names, whereupon fome, of them changed their names: and I haue heard that one of them which- tooke the name of Ruddle , being the place of his birth in that refpedf. And in late yeares in the time of King Henry the eight , an ancient worlhipfull gentleman of Wales , being called at the pannell of Iury by the name of Thomas sAp William, Ap Thomas, Ap Richard, Ap Hoel, vnti : And io 5 Surnames. And yet In France and the Netherlands, the better fort of wo*, men will ftill retaine their owne name with their husbands, as if Mary daughter of V 'Hevtll be married to A. Vavill , Hi* will write her fclfe Mary V min Villevill. But I feare husbands will not likqthis note, for that fomeof their dames may be ambitionfly ouer-pert and too-too forward to imitate it. B elide thefe former alterations, the tyrant Time which hath fwallowed many names , hath alfo in vfe of Ipeech, changed more by contracting, lyncopating, curtelling , and mollifying them, as b elide them before mentioned. Adrecy is now tur- ned into Darcy , Aldethehghe into Atvdley , Sabrigworth into Sapsford, Sttftl into (fectll, Mottntioy into Mm gey, Duuenet, into Kneuet, if you beleeue Leland, Grinvile into Greenefeild, Hauenngton into Harrington, Bourgchter into Bowcer,Le Dai- herell inro Darrell, Rauensford , into Rainsford , Mobttne into Mo one, Danvers into D after sfiernegan into Ierningham, Ca- bors into Cbarvort , Drnant into D inham, Wdoderington, into Wttherington, Efllegh into cMftly , Turberuile into Trouble- field, De Oileio into Doiley, Pogh into 'Poly , De Alanfon into Dalt fin, Purefoy into Purfrey,Cauendifh into Candjh , Vein our into V enner, Hare court into Harcot,Sanilpaul into Sampol, For- te fiu into Fofiu, Ferrers into Ferris , Throckmorton into Frog- morton , Culrven into Cunven, Poitevtn into P et fin, Berenger 'in- to Benger, Montacute into Montague , Gernons into Garntfh, Pul lift on into Pi 1 ft on , Cholmondley into (fholmley, Groftuenour into Grauener , ( Jkletfnilwarin into CManwartng^ after into Mannering , Fitz,-Gerard into Garret , Okouer into Oker, Vvedale into Vdall , Damprecdurt firft into D abridgccourt , now into Dab foot, Leuenthrop into Lenthrop, Wilbumhame in- to Wilbram, Askew fro m Afcouth, and that from the, old Chri- ftian name Afiuith, which in Latitue was Hafiulphus and Ha- fiulphnsfttrax is. Speedy helpe,&c. It may not feeme from this purpofe , if I here let downe and compare a few names of ancient good families, as they arc written in! old Latine Records and Hitfories, with them now in vie : whereof many are as it were fo transformed in com- mon pronunciation from the originall,as they will fcantly leeme to haue becne the fame. Ajhe, Surnames. Afl ^DeFraxinis. Bellew, De Bella, aqua. Beaufoe,‘Z>ff BeHafago. Boys, Tie Bofco. Beaupre, De Bello prato. Bourchier,®? bur go cbaro,on\y once. Beaumont,!^ Bello-monte . Beauchamp fDe Bello-campo . Blount, F/4t>«*,{bmetimes. Bowes, Tie Arcubus. Boull, De Bouts Villa. ChaworthjXte Cadurcis . Cheney ,De Caftneto, and© gitionis, ere. and all that had voice in the Senate. SfettabL Surnames C 1 fomites of Prouinces , See. So in notitid Promneiarum , Vi- car im B ritanmarum , Comes Littoris Saxonici per Britannia am. Dux Britannia, are filled Viri fpetlabdes. f tariff rates •was the third title peculiar onely to the Confulares , Cone - Uores and Preflaes of Prouinces. 'Berfe&tifimia was the fourth. Egregita the fifth. And as ClartJJimus was a title to thole great Officers aboue fpecified, fo no other could haue. that , as neither of PerfeBiffmus , and Egregius , but graun- ted by Patents. And in that age, as it is in the Code of The- sdoftus, Titulo , Vt Digmtatum or do feruetur. Si quis tndebitum fibi locum vfurpauerit, nulla fe ignoratione defendat, ftque plane facrilegij reus. Amongft vs the Kings had thefe adiun&s, when they were written and fpoken vnto, Gloriofus, Gloriafffmus , Dr&cellen- tsffmus, Char iff mus, Dominus, Rex illuflris , lately Potentiff - mus JnuiEUffmta ,Seremffmm\0\ix leige Lord,Qur Soueraignc, Our Dread Soueraigne,&c. As for Grace , it beganne about the time of Henry the fourth. Excellent Grace vndex 7/ewythefixt. High and migh- ty *1 Prince vnder Edward the fourth. And CHaiefty which fi-rft beganne to the Roman Emperours about the time of Gallie- Trebellius vus, came hither in the time of King Henry the eight, as Sacred Po &°* tjfrtaiefly late in our memory. Whereas among Chriftians it wasappliable onely in former ages to God, as among the old Quid Fail. Romans to the Goddefie Maiefiy the daughter of 'Honour and Reuerence. Among other men informer ages Dan corrupted from Do- minus, was the greateft attribute both to Spirituall and Tempo- ral! and afterward tVorJbipfull ,and Right worjkipfitll, hath beene thought conuenient among vs for the great Dukes and Earles; but yve now beginne fo to ouerladc men w'ith additions, as Spa- niards did lately, vntill they were reftrained by the Pragmaticall 2 5 8 <5. At which time Dafquill at Rome being demanded w hy Philip of S peine had fo taken away all tides from all forts of men,anl'wercd merrily, albeit not religioufly : That it may bee verified of him which is laid, Tu folia Doratnta, tu folia alttff- vnus, in refeeff ofhis voluminous long Title which will tire the Reader. K Thus Surnames, Thus farrc had I proceeded in names , when it was high time to flay, for I am aduertifed that there is one, which by Art Trochilick, will draw all Englilh Surnames of the beft families out of the pitte of Poetry, as Bourchier from Bufyris the tyrant of ts£gypt; Percy, from flying Per few, Darcy from Dtrcaus Apollo-, Lee from Lattes turned into a Swanne in Ouid; Iakson from Iafon : well he may (atisfie them herein, whom I cannot - . As for my lelfe, I acknowledge that I cannot fatisfie neither them, nor my felfe in all particularities : and well therefore I do like him that faid , Hee doth not teach well which teacheth all ; leaning nothing to fptbtill wits to Jift out. And lure I am , fcrupulous Diligence lyeth open to Enuy. But for fuch as will not bee content with that which is laid , I wifli Sir John de Bilbao would coniure vp William Ockam, the father of the Nominalles (as ^Appion did Homer, ) for their bet- ter fatisfa&ion herein. Meane while I defire no man will take offence at any thing hccre fpoken , when as I haue becne foferre from giuing offence, that I dare proteft it in that folemne ancient forme. Super os, & Sjdera t eft or. Hating it mo- thers, and condemning it in my felfe, eueimto the bottomleffc pit of Hell. : *39 Will now prefent vnto you a few ex- trails out of names, (I feare you will call them foolifh fopperies,,) but call them what you pleafe , I hope a little folly may be pardonable in this our lb wile an age. Out of names the bufie wit of man continually working, hath wrought vpon liking or diflike Allufions , ve- ry common in all ages , and among all men , Rebm , rife in late ages , both with learned and vnlearned , and a Ana- grammes , though long fince inuented; yet rare in this our refined times. In all which, I will briefely Ihew our Nati- on hath beene no lelTe pregnant, then thofe Southerne which prefume of wits in refpeit of fituation. Afterward fome- what fhall bee laid of Armes, which aslilent names diftinguifih families. An Allufion is as it were a dalliance or playing with words, like in found, vnlike in fence, by changing, adding or fub tra- iling a letter or two; fo that words nicking and refembling one _ the other, arc appliable to different fignifi cations. As the Al- mighty (if we may herein vfe facred authority , ) in ratification of his promife to the feede of Ifaac,c hanged Abram i. High fa- ther into Abraham, that is,father of many;and Sarai, that is,my Dame, into Sara, that is. Lady or Dame. The Greekes ( to o- mit infinite others, ) nicked zAntiochus Epiphanes , that is, the famous, with Epimanes , that is, the furious. The Romanes likewife played with bibbing Tiberius Nero , calling him Eiberim Mero. So Tally called the extorting Verves, in the a&ions againft him, Verrens , as Sweep- all K 2 So 140 xAllufions. So in Quintilian the fowre fellow Tlactdui 3 was called Acidw, and oflate one called Scaliger^zAliger. Excellent is that which our countriman Reuercnd Beda re- ported! in his Ecclefiafticall Hiftory of England, of the caufe s.- g/c . that moued Gregory the Great to lend Augufitne into England. On a time ('as I (lie wed before) when he faw beautifull boyes to be fold in the Market at “Rome, and demanded by what name their Nation was called; and they told him Englifli-men , and iuftly be they fo called (quoth he ,) for they haue Asgel-like faces, and feemc meetc to be made Coheirs with the Angels in Heauen : After, when it was told him that their King was cal- led ater *s4bbaf,> Simon vterrd. S' tnor hilt. Strong and lodaine was that Allufion of Gilbert Fohotb, V-.Pans. Eiffiop di Hereford , who when he had incurred the hatred of many, foroppofing himlelfe againtl Thomas Bechet Arch- bifhop of Canterbury 3 one cryed with a loud voyce at his Cham- iAllu/ions, 141 chamber window at Mid-night, Eoltoth,Eolioth, thy Godjs the ^ enUfc Goddefie Azaroth. He fuddenly and ftoutly replyed , Than lyefl fovple fiend, my God is the Godof Sabaotb. Hitherto may be referred that which Gir Aldus Cambrenfis , reporteth. An Archdeacon named Peccatum or Peeke , a rurall Deane called De vill, and a lew trauelling together in the Mar- chesof Wcilles, when they came to / llfireate,xhe Archdeacon faid tohisDeane,thattheir Iuri(di$ionbegan their, and reached to Malpaffe : The lew confidering the names of the Deane , 1 Arch- deacon, and limits, and by Allu^on : Mansell may it be ifl efcape well out of this JurifdiSlion, Sphere Sin is Archdeacon , the . Dwell the Deane, and the bounds Illjbreate and Malpajfe. Alexander Nequam, a man of great learning, borne at Saint ^/^ 4 »i?x,and defirous to enter into Religion there, after he had fignified his defire, write to the Abbot Laconically. : - Si vie, veniam,fin autem, tu antem. Who anlwered as briefly, alluding to his name. St bonus fis , vernas, fi Nequam,nequaqmni. Whereupon he changed his name to Neckam. Philip Rependum, Abbot of Letcefier, alluded thus vpon the name of Neckam. Etniger & nequam,chm fis cognomine Neckam. Nigrior ejfe potes,nequier ejfe nequis. But he repaid him with this re-ailufion vpon the name of Philip. Phifiotafatoris , lippus mains omnibus horis,&c. A London Poet dallied thus with the name of Euflachius, when he was preferredfrom treafurer of England,\o be Bilhop of Lon - don,\ 2 22.which was thought a great preferment in that age. Eufiachi nttper bene flab as, nunc bene flab is. Ille flatus valuit,pr Surnames, 14,5 ’Them A credit e, cum certtitu tins equnt. So lohn Eaglejbead , as it leemetlgto notific his name, about his Armes,asIhauefeencinanold Seale with an Eagles head, let downe this : Hoc aquila caput efi,figmmf figura Iohannis. The Abbot of Ram fey more wifely let in his -Seale a Ram in the fea,with this verfe,to fhew he was a right ramme ; (ftiius fignageor duxgregis ejl,vt ego. William fhamdler Warden of New Colledgc in Oxford, playing with his owne name, fo filled the hall-windowes with candles, and thele words, Fiat lux, that he darkened die hall. Whereupon the Vidam of Chartres when he was there, faid. It Ihould haue beznzFiant tenehra. Did not that amorous Youth Myftically exprdfe his lone to Rofe Hill , whom he courted, when in the border of his painted cloath , he cauled to be painted as rudely, as he deuifed grolfely,a role, an hill, an eye, a loafc, a well , that is, if you will Ipell itj Rofe Hill I Toaezveil . You may imagine that Francis Cornefieild did fcratch his elbow when he had fweetly inuented to lignifie his name Saint Francis with his Frierly kowle in a cornefield. It may feeme doubtfull whether Bolton Prior of Saint Bar- tholomews in Smith fie Id , was wifer when he inuented for his name a bird-bolt through a Tunne, or when he built him an houfe vpon'Harrcw Hill fat feare of an inundation after a great coniun&ion of Planets in the watry Triplicity- Jfhp Abbot of Weflminfier , a man moll fauoured by King Henry the feauenth,had a quadruple deuice for his fingle name; forfomewherehe feevpinhis windowesan eye with a flip of a tree , tin other places one flipping boughs in a tree , in other- places an /with the fayd flip; and in fome places one flipping from a tree with the word IJUp. Wholbeuer deuiledfor Thomas Earle of Arundel!, z capi- tal! TAL, For his fonne Henry de Valoys. . ROT ES BE NVLHAY. .a.. For Charles of Burbonyto Prince of Cor.de. Bor Nonius. ORB I B ONUS. . For thejate Queens of Scotland ,his Maiefties Mother.. . VMaria Stuart a. VERITAS ARM AT A. Her vnhappy fate by depriuation from her Kingdernc , and violent death was exp refled in this, but after her death, Maria Stewards S cot or um Regina. TRVSA VI REGVFS, MO RTE AMARA CABO. And that Greeke one, which is moft excellent, ofthefacred name ofourfwcete Sauiourlefus , according to that ofthc 5 3. dtEf. He is brought as ajheepe to the /laughter, thus • IH20Y2, 2 Y, h 'o 1 2, that is. Thou art thatfheeve. The Italians who now admire them, beganne not ^o.yeeres tince to vfe them, as the Bifliop of Grajfa , a profeffour herein leftifieth. In England I know fome, who 40. yeeres (ince haue be- llowed iome idle houres herein with good fucceffe, albe- 150 ^Anagrammes , it our Englifh names running rough with cragged Confonants, arc not To fmoothandeafiefor tranfpofition as the French and Italian.Y et I will fet downe Tome which I haue happened vpon^ framed out of the names of diuers great perfonages, and others? in moftofthe which in the fence may feeme appliable to their good parts. To begin with his moft excellent Maiefty our dread Soue- raigne, was made this declaring his vndoubted rightfull claimc to the Monarchy of Britan , as the fucceflbur of the valorous King Arthur. Charles lames Steuart . CL AIMES ARTHURS SEATE. As this aifo truly verrified in his perfbn. lac obits Sextus Stuart us. VITA CASTVS , EX SE ROBVSTVS* This likewife made by D. Groin. lacobrn Rex Britannorunt. ARX BONIS V B I NV MAR ECT O R, The happineffe of our gracious Queene Anne, by her iflue 3 was prophefied in this : Anna Britt amor urn Bogina. IN ANNA %E G N A NT IV M A %B O For their gracefull iflue Prince Charles, the Lady Elizabeth, and her Husband, the Count Talatine, were made thefe by the faid D . Groin. Carolus Dux Eboracenfis. EN%OSA LVX ET DEC VS 0 Robert Vi/count Life • Robert Vifcomt Lfe. Anagram. Our lone in Ckrifihlcft . H Ad'fetur. L 2 Locke H udiftitm'. W /r#VV. 156 . Anagrammes. Lookc to your name, and therein find e expreft s A loue that's euerlafting : eucr bleft. Vinculum c deleft e imiolabile, Robert Vifcount Ltfle. Anagram. Vertue croft , onely bits. VertUe is like fweet Cammomyle in this; Itgrowcs the more, the more it trodden is. Robert Vfcomtc Lijle. Anagram. Honorific left, vert ne, bits. Honor -feleft, choice vertue, happy blis. Make man compleate, and that man Sidney is. Borne to Leicefters will. Te bothyour Vcrtucs humbly dcuoted; George Tafte. llluftrifsimo Domino lacobo Hay , SauU Baroni : Doncaftriaque Vice-Comiti . lamer Vifcount e Doncafter . Anagramma, O En ! Deo Cams , etenim callus. . Caftum, te nomen demon ft rat, vita fcatum Ejfe : Deo & Regi, chirks es ergo tut. Lucie Dorcafter. Anagramma. lta lucent corde. Vtr turn effigies Cafti eft praclara mariti, Corpore fic Luces, Corde eademcjue manes. Vos eftote Pares , vir cafte , vxorque pudtea, Vnum eft nam vobts Cor . velnt vna Caro. In vnit ate Detit eft , M'. lAworics. 157 * M r . Tajh an efpcdall man in this faculty made this out of S r . Francis Bacon Lord Keeper, /> born and e left; for a rich fteaker. M 1 '. Hugh Holland pcerclefTe in this my fiery made of the name of Joannes Williams. Jo Jts lumen in Aula . My wall is on high: (JMj mall high Sion. And in regard of his affedlion and indearcd mutuall loue be- tweene him and his Countrey men, Wallis es in ammo. $ Armories . Hereas fomewhat hath beene laid of Allufionsand Anagrams which refult out of names, I thinke it (hall not bee impertinent to adde alio fomewhat of Armories or Armes, which as filent names doe diflin- guifh families. But with this Pre- face, Saluo femfer meliori tudicio , and that I will but touch it lightly and flightly, without offence to fuch as haue.or preiudice to them that will vndertake this mat- ter more ferioufly. Armes as Enfignes of honor among Military men in the ge- nerall fignification , haue beene as anciently vfed in this Realms as in any other; forasnecefTidc bred thevfe of them in mana- ging of military affaires, for order and diflinsftion both of whole companies and particular perfons among other Nations, that their valour might thereby be more confpicuous to otherrLike- L 3 wifi NotitiaPro- uinciarum. 1 5 8 . Armories. wife no doubt among the Inhabitants of this Hand , who al~ waycs haue becne as martiall as any other people whatfoeuer. Info much, vnleffe wee would conceiue hardly of ourowne Progenitors, we cannot thinke but that in martiall feruices,they had their conceits in their Eufignes , both for diftin&ion , dire- ction and decency. Hee that would fhew variety of reading in this argument might note out of the facred Scripture that euery T ribe of Ifra- d, pitched vnder their owne Standard; out of prophane Au- thors, that the Carians , who were the firft mercinary Souldi- ers, firft alfo bare markcs in their fhields ,that the Lacedemsm - 4ns bare the Greeke letter a. the Mejfonians, M. &c. But to come home, fome giue the firfthonour of the inucnti- lons of the armories in this part of the world to the ancient Pitts and Britans , who going naked to the warres , adorned their bodies with figures and blazons of diuerfc coloures, which they conie&ure to haue beene feuerall for particular families,as they fought deuided by kindreds. When this Ifle was vnder the command of the Romans, their Troupes and Bands had their feuerall fignes. As the Bri~ tanniciani inthehflnkld a Carbuncle, Britannici a Plate party per Saltier. StableJianiaPhts within an Annulet. Secundanian Annulet vpona Croffe. For particular perfons among pti Gre- cians, Vlyjfes bare in his fhield a Dolphin ; amoitig the Romans Julius Cafar, the head of Verna j frixm theFrcnch Capcaine, aman weighing gold;aSaguntihe Spaniard an hundred Snakes: So I onely read among the Britans, that the victorious Arthur bare our Lady in his fhield, which I doe the rather remember, for that Nennius who liued not long after, recorded the fame. In the Saxon Heptarchie 1 find little noted of Armes, albeit the Germans of whom they defcended vfed fhiclds, as Tacitus l mh,celorefucata , which I know not whether I may call armes or no , neither know I whether I may refer hither out of Beda , bow Edwin King (of Northumberland had alwayes snEnfigne carryed before him , called in Englifh a Tuffe , which Vegetius reckoneth among military Enfignes,or how King Oswald had a Banneroll gold and parpofeinterwouen palie or bendie,fetouer his tombc at Beardnej Abbey, or how fatkred King of Wefifex , ^Armories. '$9 bare in his banner a golden dragon at the battaile of Bureford i as Hone den noteth, as the Danes bare in their Standard a Rauen as AJfcritu reporteth. Hitherto of Armes in the general! fignification , now feme- what of them in the reftridt fignification , as wee define, or ra- ther deferibe them. viz*. That Armes are enfignes of honour borne in banners, fheilds, coates , for notice and diftin&ion of families one from the other , and dependable , as heredita- ry to p often ty. Here might diuers enquiries be made when they began to be hereditary, which was very anciently, if we rely vpon the Poets credit.For to ouerpaffe other ,Virgtl faith, that Auentinns Her* tales fonne bare an hundred lhakes his fathers Armes. (flypedqHe infigneyatcrnHm, Centum angues pnttdmcjue get it fer pent thus hydrant. Alfo whether fbmc hauc aptly applyed this verfe cfc Lucreti- us to Armes of this kind. Fh.Mor. Arm* antiqna manta , vngues dente'fjue fuerunt. And whether thefe places of Suetonius may bee referred to in Caligula, Armes of this fott,wherc he faith that Caligula the Emperour. cap. j j. Familiar .infignianobiltfftmo culque ademit, Torquato torquem, j n Vefpj^ano. GincinnatOy ennem. And that thehoufeoff/rftfM was obfeure* fine vllis armorum tmagintbtu • Whatf’oeuer fome difeourfe out of the Kings feales of heredi- tary Armes in England,certaine it is, that the Lyons were the Armes of ourKings in the time of Henry the firft, for Iohn of Marmonftier in T our awe who then liued , recordeth that when thefaid Kingchofe Geffraj fonne of F««/^jEarle of Anton Hou- ratn and Maine to be his fonne in law, by marrying to him his only daughter and he\xeMawde,znd made himKnight after the bathing and other folemnc rites, bootes embrodcred with gol- den Lyons were drawne on his legs, and a fhield with golden Lyons therein hung about his necke. That King “Richard the firft his grandchild bare Lyons, Guil.Brit.li, 3. appeareth by his Seale, as alfo by thefe verfes in Phtlippeidos vttered in the perfon of Monfteur iVtltiam de Barr , ready to L 4 cn* 1 60 Emories. encounter Richard when as yet he was but Earle of Poison; Genealogix anuijua. Ecce comes Pittatsus agro H«sprouocat,ecce Nos ad bella vocat ; riElus agnofeo leonttn *> I Hi ms rn clypeo,flat ibi quafiferrea turris y Francorum nomen blajphemans ore proterno. It is cleere alio by that Author that Arundell bare then Swal- lowes in his fhield, as his pofterity in Corncwall do at this day. For of him he writeth, when he was vpon the fhockc with the faid William dc Barr. Vidtt hirundela veloc'tor alite qua dot Hoc agnomen ei,fert cuius in ogide Jignum, Se rapit agmtntbus mediysflypcoque nitenti Quern Jtbi Guillelmus Una pratenderat vlna y lmmergtt v alt dam praacuta cujpidts hajlam. About this time the eftimation of Armes began in the expe- ditions to the Holy Land, and afterward by little and little be- came hereditary, when it was accounted raoft honourable to carry thofe armes which had becne difplayed in the holy-land in that holy feruice againft the profeffed enemies of Chriftiani- ty. To this time doth Petre Pithan and other learned French- men referre the originall of hereditary Armes in France; and in my opinion without preiudice to other, about that time we receiued the hereditary vfe of them, which was not fully e- (tablifhed vntill the time of King Hemic the third. For the laft Earles of (^bejler, the two Quincy es Earles of Winchefier , tile two Lacjes Earles of htncolne , varied flill the father from the fonne,as might be particularly proued. Inthefe holy wanes many Armes were aitered, and new af- fumed vpon diuers occafions, as the Veres , Earles of Oxeford, who bare before Guelcs and Or } inferted a Mollct in the firft quarter, for that afhootingftarre fell thereon, when one of them ferued in the holy Land. The Lord Barkelejs w ho bare firft G rules , a Cheueron Arg. after one of them had taken vpon him the Croffe/for that was then the phrafe) to feme in thole warres, Armories, 1 61 warres, inferted tcnne Croffcs pattern his fheild. So Geffray of Bouillon the glorious General in thofe warres,at one draught of his Bow, (hooting againft Dauids Tower in Hierufalcm bro- chcd three feetlefle Birds,called Alter tons vpon his Arrow, and thereupon affumed in a fhield Or three Aller'tons Argent on a BendGueles, which the houfe of Lorraindcfcending from his racecontinueth to this day. So Leopold the fifth Marqueffc of tydujbia who bare formerly fixe Larkes Or in Az,urc , when his coatc- Armour at thefeige of Acres in the holy-Land was all dyed in bloud faue his belt, he tookc for his Armes, Gueles, a white belt, or a Fefle Argent ( which is the fame ) in memory thereof. About this time d id many Gentlemen begin to beare armes by borrowing of their Lords Armes of whom they held in fee, or to whom they were moft deuoted. So whereas the Earles of Chefier bare Garbes,or wheat fiieafcs,many Gentlemen of that Countrcy tooke wheate fheafcs. Whereas the old Earles of Warwickc bare Chequy Or 3 and A zure a Cheueron Ermin, many thereabout tooke Ermin and Chequic. In Leicefterjhire and the Countrey confining diuers bare Cinqucfoyles , for that the ancient Earles of Leicefier bare Geules a Cinquefoyle Er- min- In Cumberland and thereabouts, where the old Barons «f Kendall bare Argent two barres Gueles and a Lyon paffant Or in a Canton of the fecond • many Gentlemen therea- bout tooke the fame in different colours and charges irfthc Canton. In this and thefucceeding ages, at euery expedition fuch as were Gentlemen of bloud would repaire to the Earle Marfhall and by his authority take coate of Armes which were regift red alwayes by offices of Armes, in the Holies of Armes, made at e- uery feruice, whereof many yet remaine, as that of the fiege of Caer-laueroc, the battaile of Sterling, the fiege of Cdice , and di- uers Tournaments. At this time there was a diftin&ion of Gen- tle-men of bloud, and Gentlemen ofco^t-armour, and the third from him that firft had coat-armour wa^ to all purpofes held a Gentleman ofbloud. Well , whofcuer would note the manners of our progc- nitours in this age, in wearing their coate armours ouer their ar- mour. i6l [Armories . mour, and bearing their Armes in their fheilds, in their Banners Penonspnd in what formal manner they were made Bannerets, and had licenfc to reare their Banner of Armes, which they pre- fented vprolled to the Prince, who vnfolded/and redeliuered it with happy wifhes; I doubt not but that he will iudge that our anceftours were as valiant and gallant as they hauebin fince they left off their Armes, and vfed the colours and curtaines of their Miftriffe bed s inftead of them. Now- what a large field would lye open to him that ftiould ferioufiy enter into this matter ? Hee might fay much (to omit Charges which feeme infinite,] of the differences in Armes of them which defeended of onehoufe by the male, I doe not meane Lab ell for the firft fonne while the father furuiucth, the Crefcent for the fecond, the Mullet vnpierced for the third, the Martlet for the fourth, an Annulet for the fifth, a Floure-de-ljs forthefixt, and the reft according as it pleafed the King of Armes. Thefe fauing the firft were not in vfe in elder times, duc began about the time of King Richard the fccond. And now when families are very farre propagated are not fufficientfor the vfe. For many fhould beare a Mullet within a (frefeent , an ^Annulet, and Marlet therevpon very confufedly: But inpaffed ages they which were defeended from one ftcmme,refcruing the principall charge and commonly the colour of the Coate, tookc Borders, Bends, Quarters, Bcndelcts, Croflets, or fome other addition or alteration. As for example. The Lord Clifford b'u ^hequy Or and Azure , a Bendelct Geulcs, which the eidu hren kept as long as they continued; a fecond fonne turned the Bendelet into a bend Gcules, and thereon placed three Lioncux paffant Or, from whom the Cliffords of Frampton defeended- Roger Clifford a fecond fonne of Wal- ter Clifford the firft, for the Bendelet tookeafeffeGeules, as the Earle of Cumberland, from him defeended bearethnow, and the Cliffords of Kent, branched out of that houfetooke the fame with a bo.der Gcules. Likewifc the eldeft houfe of Stafford bare Or , a Cheueron Geules , but the yonger defeended from them, tooke diuers differences, as they of Pipe, did fet about their Cheueron three Martlets, fable, another placed three plates vpon the Cheueron , they of South- Armories. 16$ South wike added a border Sable , they of Grafton, a Quarter- Ermin, they of Frome a border Geules ; whereas alfo the Lord Cebham did beare Geules on a Cheueron Or, three Lioneux rampant fable, the yonger brethren of that houfe, viz,. Cob ham ofSterborrow,of Blackburg, of Belunclo tooke for the three Lioneux, three Eftoiles, three Eglets, and three Crefcents : So of the dependents from the Lord Barkley, they of Stoeke, Gif- fard and fffy* added Ermines in the Cheueron, they of Be- uerfton a border Argent , they of Wimondham in the coun- ty ofLeiccfter changed their ten Crolfes into as many Cin- quefoiles. As for the difference ofBaftards, none in old time bare the fa- thers Armes, &c. but other coapcs were commonly deuifed for them. AsSir Rogfr of Clarendon, baftard fonne of the Blacke Prince, bare Or on a bend fable three feathers Argent, which was borrowed from his fathers deuife, / ohn de Clarence, bafe fon to Thomai Duke of C/^ewc^who valiantly recouered from the enernyphe corps of his father flaine at the battaile of'Bauoy,bare party per Cheueron Geules and Azure two Lyons aduerfe Sali- ant ana Gardant Or in the chiefe,and a Flottr-de-lys Or, in bafe point: Iobn Beanford,* bafe fonne of the houfe of Somerfet bare party per pale Argent and Azure a bend of England with a la- bell of France, Sec. Thefe Armes were for a long time borne fingle, afterward two .were quartered, then more marfhalled together, tonotifie from what houfes the bearers were defeended by Heircsgene- rall : Augmentations alio were giuen by the Kings of elpeciail grace or merit. Quartering of Coates beganne, ftrft, as. farre as I hauc Quatteriag obferued , in Spain? . in the Armes of Gaftiie and Leon , when thole two Kingdomes were conioyned ; which our King Edward the third next imitated when hee quartered France and England, (for I omit his Mother Queen? I fab el, who ioyned in her feale England, France, Nauarre, and Cham- paiue.J He in this firft quartering varied , fometime placing Franc e,fometime England in the firft quarter, whether to pleale either Nation, I know not« But at thelaft hee refolued to place France firft^yvhethcr as more honourable, or of which hee held : great 1^4 Armories. great and rich territories, !et other determine. All Kings hitherto Succeeding haue continued the fame. Yea and when King Charles the Sixth of France changed the femee'Flour-de-lys, into three, our King Henry the fifth did the like, and fo it continueth. The firft of the Nobility that quartered another coate was Hafiings Earle of Pembroke, who quartered his owne Coate with that of Ha» lence of the lioufe of Lujtgnian, in whole right he had that Earl- dome, and fhortly after Matild, Sifter ana Heire to uinthony Lord Lucy, gaue all her lands to the Heire Male of the Lord Percy her lecond Husband, conditionally, that her Armes being the three Lucies and Gueles, ftiould be quartered alwaies with Percies Lyon Azure rampant in Or, and hereupon was a Fine leaded in the time of King Richard the fecond. After thele times eucry Gentleman began to quarter the coatc of the chicfe heire with whom his Progenitsur had matched, and often pre- ferred that in the firft place iflhee were honourable. But after thatdiuers were marfhalled together for the honour of Quecne Elizabeth wife to King Fdward the fourth ( who firft of all our Kings fincc the Conqueft married his fubieif) many in imitati- on did the like, w'hich fo encrcaled that now of late Ibme haue packed fifty in one fhcild. And this is to Shew their right. For it was obie&ed againft RichardDuVx ofYorke, when hec clai- med the Crowne,as Heire to Lionel Duke of Clarence, that hee did not beare the faid Dukes Armes : But he anfwered thereun- to that he might lawfully haue done it, but forbare it,for a time as he did from making his claime to the Crowne. For Augmentations, fome were of mcere grace, fome of merite. Richard the fecond , choofing Saint Edward the Confefiour to bee his Patrone, empaled hisCeate with the Armes of England, and of his meere grace granted to Thomas Duke of Surrey, to empale like wile the fame Saint Edwards Armes in a Border Ermin with his owne, and to Thomas Mowbray Duke ofNorfolke, the fame holy Kings Armes intirely. Notwithftanding Henry Howard , Earle of Surrey, lineally defeended from him was attainted , among other pretences for fo bearing the fame. The faid King Richard alio graunted to his Fauorite Robert Here Earle of Oxford, and Duke of Ireland , that hcc Ihould beare during his life Azure Armories. 16$ Azure three Crownes, Or within a border Argent.In like man- ner and refpe61,to omit many; King Henry the eight, granted to the family of Manors,now Earles ofRutland,the Flourede-Lys, and Lyons which he beareth in chiefe, forthat they defeended from a fiftcrofKing£tfWr^ the fourth. Hee honoured his fe- cond wife, Qucene tAnne Bollen with three coates; his third wife, Queene lane, with one; Katharine Howard, his fifth wife, with two; his laft wife, Katharine TParr, with ©ne, by way of Augmentation. For merit, he granted to Thomas Howard , Dube of Nor- fblke, and his poftcrity, for his vidfory at Floddon field, where- in King lames the fourth of Scotland was flaine, A demy Lyon Geules, pierced the mouth with an Arro w,within a doubletrea- lure floured of the fame, in the midft of the bend of the AT wards armes. And about the fame time he rewarded Sir lehn Clerke, of Buckinghamfliire , who did take the Duke of Longuile at the battaile of Spurres , with a Canton Azure , therein a demy Ramme falient Argent , two Flour-de-lys Or in chiefe; oucr all a bafton truncked in the finifter point of his ovvne Armes; for that no Chriftian may beare entirely the Armes of a Chriftian , whom hee taketh in Warrc. In like man- ner Ferdinand, King of Spaine, honoured Sir Henry Guil- ford with a Canton of Granado ; and Charles the fifth, Peter Read of Grimingham, with a Canton of Barbary for his feruicc at Tunis. An Infchocheon of Armes may haue place amongft Infcocheon. Augmentations, which is the Armes of a wife, being an heire generall, infetted in the centre or middle of her Husbands Goates after hee hathnlue by her, to mani c eft the apparent right of her inheritance tranfmiftible to his and her ifl'ue. Other- wife iffhebe not an Heyre, he may but only empale it with his owne. Creafts being rhe Ornaments fet on the eminent top of the Healme,and cahed Tymbre: by the French , I know not why, were vfed anciently co terrific the enemy , and therefore were ftrange deuifes or figures of terrible iBapss , as thaemonftrous horrible Chimera outbreathing flames vpon Turnas Healme in Virgtll. — — G tlea Tillius. Infula. 1 66 Armories. — — — Galea alt a Cbimeram Sujhnet zs£tn&os efflantcm naribm tgnent. Of which fort many might be remembred;, but when as Pa- pirirn faid of the Samnites Creafts, when hee encouraged his Sonldiers againft them, Crifta vainer a von f actant : milder were vied, as the Comm or Rauenby the familie of Corni - nm , for that while hee fought againft his enemy, a Rauen perched vpon his Healme, and fofeconded him with I ds bee, and fluttering wings , that hee gained the vidlory; whereupon hee affumed both his Surname, and his Creaft as Silt m Italiciu thus remembreth: — 7 Somenque fuperbum Corvinus,Pboebea fedet cm cajjidefulua , Oflentans ales proauita injlgniapugna. And by this Verfeofthe fame Poet. CaJJida cornigera dependent infula. We learne that homes were in vie vpon Helmets for Creafts, and that a Riband depended from the Healme, as mantles are painted now. Thefirft Chriftians vied no other blazons in their flieilds then the name of Chrift,and a erode for their Creaftywhereypon Prudentim: - Cljpeorum injtgnia Cbrtjhts Scripferat ^rdebat fummis crux addita ertftis* Many yeeres were thefe Creafts arbitrary, taken vp at euery mans pleafure, after they beganne to bee hereditarie,and appro- priated to families. Here in England firft,as I haue hitherto ob- ferued,aboutthetimeofKing Edward the fccond. Of what efteeme Creafts were in the time of King Edward the third may 2 ppeare by Record in the thirteenth yeere of his raigne, when the fame King gaue an Eagle, which hee himfelfe had formerly borne for a Creaft to William Afontacut Earle of Salisbury , hee alfo gaue to him the Manours of Woodton , Frome. Whitfeild , Meifhwood,.W° rt h and Pole (which came to his hand by the forfeitureof lobn Matramrs) to the main- tenance thereof. And the laid Earle regranted the faid Creaft to Lionell the Kings fonne , and his Goodlon with much honour. What carefull confidcration was then of Creafts may alfo l6 7 alfoappeareby record among the Patents, 1 7. of King Richard the fecondywho granted that whereas Thomas Mowbray ,Earle Marshall and Notthingham might lawfully beare a Leopard Or with a Labell Argent about his necke which might lawful! appertaine to the Kings fonne and heire, that he fhould in place of that Labell beare a Crowne Argent.More might be hereunto added of Hel mes,Crefts, Mantles, and Supporters:but for them, and fuch like I leaue the Reader to Edmond Bolton who lear- nedly and iudicioufly hath difcouered the firft elements of Ar- mory, to Gerard Leigh , Iohn Eerne , lohn Guilltm Portsmouth, Purliuants of Armes whohaue diligently laboured therein, and to others that haue written, or will write hereafter in this Argu- mcnt,leaft I fhould feeme to gleane from the one, or preuent the ether. common mealure , and valuation as it were of the equality and inequality of Wares, which was inuented , firft, as the Iewes gather out of lefephus, in the time of Caine, Certain- ly 5 it was in vfe in the time of oMbraham , asappeareth both by the 400. ,S heckles he payed fora place cfburiall, Gen. ;g. and the Morey which Iofephes bretheren earned into gypt Genef.^z, <£\foney* T is a receiued opinion that in moft’ ancient ages , there was onely bat- terie or change of Wares and Com- modities amongft moft Nations. As in Homer , • Glaucm golden Ar- mour was valued at one hundred Cowes,and Diomedes Armour at ten. Afterward in commutatiuelufticeit was thought moft necefl'ary to haue a The itfg . Money *- TheGreekcsreferrcthc inucntion ofit to Hcrmocbce , the wife wife of the foolifh affe- cared Midas, as the Latines to U~ nus. This common- meafure or meane to reduce wastes to an e- qualuty . was calleo by the Gteekes, Nomifma, not from King . J\uma, But of NomosfieczLute it was ordained by law; by the Latines Pccunia, either for that all their wealth , in elder times con filled in cattaile: as now among the Irifh ; or that their firft coyne (as Plmy will,) was Ramped with a Cow ( although in a generall figmfication Ptcmu comprifed all goods moueable and immoaeable. ) It was alio by them called Monet a in a more refin'd fignification a Monendo (as Saidas faith ) becaufe when the Romans flood in need of Money, lmo admonifhed them to vie iufucc,and there fhould be no want of tyoney : theV effed thereof when they found, fhe was furnamed Utno Monet a f and Money was coyned in her temple. And albeit Money had no temple eredied to it at Rome for a long time, yet it was as much honoured as either P eace y Faith, Vittorj,Vmus,ov, according to that of Lnuenal: Etfi funejla pecunta templo * 7s Jondum habitas ,nu\las nummorum ereximtu arts Vt colitur Pax'atque F>des,Vi'tloria, V,rtm Arc. Au uft de ciu ' But afterward when as all Gods gifts were by Pagans made Dcflibai. 6 ° * gods and Goddeffes, money was alfo enfhrined by the name of Idea Pecunia, in the figure of a woman holding a pairc of Bal- lance in one hand, and Cornucopia in another.- vnto whom I doubt not but as many commit Idolattie now, as then; when as the Greeke prouerbe will be alwayes verified , Chremata, Chre * nut A Aner Money, Money is the nun,yea and the fift Element. . And as he faith. Vxorem cum dotcfidemque, &amicos y Et genus ,& formamfiegthaTecunia donat. From the Latine word Monet a, came the old word among our Engli fir- Saxon Anceftours c Manet , which wee now call MonevTas the Germans the French CMouoiesjhe Ita- lians money , as among the ancient Britans befides braflfe and yron rings, or as fome fay , yron plates reduced to certaine weight ; and among the Lacedemonians yron lingets quenched with vi= negar that they may ferue to no other vfe, and now the Indians haue their Cacoas in fome parts , and flaels mother to ferue for / /) money. There alfo hath beenc ftamped money of leather, as appearcth by Seneca, , who mentioneth that there was in anci- ent time firiunx forma publtca per cujfum : and alfo that Frede - the fecond, when he befieged Millan , ftamped leather for currant. And there is a tradition, that in the confufed ftate of the Barons warre, the like was vied in England , yet I neuer faw a- ny of them. But wee haue feene money made by the Hollan- ders of pafteborde, n/fnno 1574. As for forme, becaufe I haften home, it were impertinent to note here, how the Iewes albeit they detefted Images, yet they imprinted vpon their fheckle , on the one fide the gold pot . which had the Manna, with this infeription in Hebrew , Steins Israelis. i. Sjdm Ifraelus : and on the other fide the Rodde of Aaron with buddes and bloffomes, and Hterafalem fantta. Or how the Dardanians ftamped in their coynes twoCockcs fighting, Alexander his horfe Bucephalus , the Athenians an Owle or an Oxe ; from whence came the Prouerbe agairift: bribing Lawyers, Bos in lingua. They of (Angina a Snaile, whereof alfo arofe an other Prouerbe, Virtutem & Sapientiam vincmt tefiudines : for that money goeth beyond valour and Wifedome. As for the Romans, as they did fet downe the Image and in- feription of the £onful while the Common- wealth flourifhed, afterward of the Emperour on the one fide, fo they changed the M reuerfe 170 Money. reuerfe alwayes vpon new euents, or exploits , and it is fuppo- fed by fome, that the great ounce Medalles both of brafle and gold we re ftampedfor honor, and to continue the memory of Princes : neuerthelefle they were currant as well as the fmalleft. And this manner of ftamping the Princes Image vpon coynes was continued amongft all ciuill Nations, onely the Turkes and other Mahumetans in deteftation of Images , inferibe the Princes name and yeere of the tranfmigration of their Prophet Mahometh , which happened in the yeere of our Lord das. After the arriuallofthe Romans in this Ifle,the Britans imi- tated them; for they coyned both gold and copper, and yet there are extant fome of Cmebeltn King of Eflex and Middle- feX with a beardlefle Image , infcribed Cmobelin , and in the reuerfe , fome with an horfe, fome with a coyner and Tascio, fome with two heads coyned and Cvno, and in the reuerfe ei- ther an Hogge vnder a tree with C a m v , or one eare of corne with Camv, to note , as it feemeth , Camalodmum as they then called it, now Maldon , which was the principall feate of theKingdome. There are likewife fome to befeeneof that famous Brmdt4ica, which onely I heare of, but hitherto haue not fecne. When the Romans had extinguifhed the Kings here* they fupprefled the Brittifh coynes , and brought in their owne as a proofe of their conqueft, which were currant here from the time of Claudiu4 vnto Valent inian rhe younger, the fpace of feme yoo. yeeres. And whereas all the Money for this part of the world was coyned a long time, either at Rome, Lyons or Trier, Confiantme as it feemcd , eredled a Mynt at London ; for wee haue feenc copper coyne of his with P.Lond. S. implying Pecurita Londini f gnat a : and there was an officer, as Treafiirer of this Mint at London, called Prapo/itus Thefaurorum Augu- fienjium. Eor London was called <», Augufla in the declining ftate of the Empire. Of thefe Roman coynes great plenty haue becne found, and daily are found, which were hid (as the Sax- on Chronicle faith) when Maximus carryed fo many Britans into France with him, and at diuers others times ouercoueied in theground in the fudden ruinating of Townes by the Sax- ons and others. After Money- ' 171 After the Romans had giucn ouer the pofleflion of this this Realme, it feemeth probable that their coyne was ftill cur- rent here a long time ; for there neuer as yet, as farre as I vnder- ftand, haue beene any coynes found of Vortiger , V rr timer, Au- relius , Ambrofms, ^Arthur , and others which liued in t’nofe times. And as for the Britans, or Welch, whatfoeuer/#r4 Ma- iefiatis their Princcshad, I cannot vnderftand that they euer had any coyne of their owne , for no learned of that Nation haue at any time feene any found in Wales , or elfewhere. the mod ancient Englifh coyne which hitherto hath come to my fight, was of Ethelbert , King of Kent, the firft Chriftian King of our Englifb Nation, and in that age and fiicceeding times , all mo- ney accounts paffed by the name of pence , JhiMings, pounds and mancufes : Pence feemeth to bee borrowed from their Latinc word, Pecmia, or rather from Tendo, for the iuft weight there- of, which weighed about three pennies of our money , and Were rudely ftamped with the Kings Image on the one fide,and the Minc-mafters on the other, orelfethenameof the City where they were coyned. Fiue of thefe pence made their flail- ling, which they called falling , probably for fcilmgut , which the Romans vfed for the fourth part of an ounce, L.i um : and forty eight of thefe fallings made their pound , and 400. of thefe pounds Were a legacy for a Kings daughter, as appcareth by the laft will and teftameut of King Alfred. By thefe names they tranflated all fummes of money in their old Englifh Teftament, as Talents, by Pundes, the thirty filuer pie- ces, Indus price of treafon by Thirtig Sail mg a , tribute money by Pemning , the farthing and mite by Feorthlmg. Onely the Stater found in the Fifhcs mouth by Weeg , which wee now tranflate a piece of twenty pence. But they had no other coy- ned money but pence onely, the reft were names of numbers or weights. Thirty of thefe pence,as tAfne Archbifbop of Canterburie, in his Saxon Grammer notes, made a Manats , which fome thinke to be all one with a Markj , for that Manca and Man- cufa is tranflated in ancient bookes, by Marca. And Manca , a? appeareth by an old fragment, was quinta pars vncia. They reckoned thefe '‘ “ twenty fhilliugs and three pence in account. So that no fe pound bee more then twenty fhilling foure pence , nor lefle “ then twenty Shilling two pence in account or weight. tC The ounce ought to weigh twenty pence and a penny twen- “ ty foure graines and a halfe. Note that eleuen ounces two u pence ferling ought to be of fo pure filuer, as is called Leafe- te filuer , and the Minter muft adde of other weight leuenteene rs pence halfe penny farthing, if the filuer be fo pure. This King alfo coyned the penny , halfe penny and farthing M. Paris refer- round, which before were the halfe part, or fourth part broken rah this to the of the penny. Whereupon the Chronicles verified hereby a time of King Prophecie of Merlin ; Findetur forma commercij ,dsmidium ro- 0 ttmdttm erit, and thereupon thefe rimes were made at that time : Edward did fmtte round fenny, halfe penny, farthing, The crojfepajfes the bond of all throughout the ring. The Kings fde was his head, and his name written ; The crojfe fde , what City it was in coyned and fmitten. To poore man ne to Pried the Penny fra fes nothing. Men gtue God aie the leaft,theyfeaft hmw'/th a farthing. A thoufandtwo hundred foure fcore yeeres and moe, On this money men wondred , when it firft beganne togoe . The fame King Iikewife called in certaine counterfeit pieces, coyned by the French, called Tollvrds, Crocars , a ndRofaryes, whereupon was then made this Ecchoing barbarous Verfe : Laude decor er is, no fir is filer linge gereris, Crocar es , afque perils, fugias, as rite teneris . Money fo refined was by ficalth tranfported, and counterfei- ted , and forraigne coynes called Mitres , Lyons imported in M 4 fuch i 7 6 Money. fuch quantttie that they were forbidden by Proclaimation, and 2 8o. lewes executed at London for clipping the Kings coyne, i8.E i. Afterward Croc Ards and To Hards were decried downeto an halfe penny, Rofaries,Stepings and Staldings forbidden. Black money (what that was I know not, if it were not of Copper, as Maile and Blacite-Made) was forbidden by King Edward the third, vpon paine of forfeiture thereof, and Gaily halfe pence brought hither by the Gallies of Genoa, who had great trade in England , was eftfoones prohibited by Parliament , in the time of King Henry the fourth. Sufkins and Dodkins by King Henry the fifth, and blankes by King Henry the fixt. About the yeere 1320. the Kings and States of Chriften- dome begannc to coyne gold, as the Emperour of Almainc,the French King, the Duke of Venice and Genoa, whofe pieces were thereupon called Ducats, and our King Edward the third imitating them, firft coyned gold. Why they fo long forbare to coyne gold, I know not, vnleffe it were of ignorance, fori thinke it proceeded not from the Law of Inftinian the Empe- rour, who forbade forreigne Princes to coyne gold. The firft gold that King Edward the third coyned, was in the yeer,i 343. and the pieces were called Florentiens, becaufe Flo- rentines were the coyners , as Eafterlings of fterling money : Shortly after he coyned Nobles, of noble, faire and fine gold, culled- the penny of gold; afterward the Rofe Noble, then currant for 6 . Shillings 8. pence, and which our Alchimifts doe affirme (as an vnwritten veritie ) was made by proieftion or multiplication Alchimicall of Raymond Lully in the Towre of London, who would proue it as Alchimically, befiae the tradition of the Ra- bies in that faculty, by the infeription ; for as vpon the one fide there is the Kings image in a fhip,to notifie that he was Lord of the feas, with this title fet vpon thereuerfe,a crofle floury with L tone ax \ dcubedjlefm autem tranfiens’per medium eorum ibat . Which they { r fcundly expounded , as Iefus paffed inuifiblc and in molt fecret manner by the middeft ofPharifes, fo that gold was made byinuifible and fecret Artamidft the ignorant. But other fay, that Text was theonely Amulet vied in that cre- dulous warfaring age to efcapedangers in battailes- This King coyned alio halfe Nobie^called then, the halfe penny of gold, leffe Money. 1 77 lefle pieces of gold of three fhillings foure pence, and fome of twenty pence called the farthing of gold^and Iikewife in filuer 3 Groates and halfe groates : by the aduife of William Edtngdon, Bifhop of Winchester, and and then Treafiirer of England. It is memorable thatithe reuerend and learned Cutbbert Tmftall Bifhop of Durham, obferued in the gold of this King, that it came neereft to that of the ancient Romans. As, that fours Role Nobles did weigh an ounce, and tcquiualent to the Roman e Aurei both in weight and fineneffe , and fixe NobJes made an ounce, and were anfwerable in all points to the old Roman Soltdus aureus. Likewife in bluer coynes, that anoldfterling Groate was atquiualent to the Roman Denar tut , the halfe Groate to the Qmnarim, and the old fterling penie to the Se~ fterttm Nummus , and Seflertmm in the neuter Gender (a thou- fand Seftertij ) to fiue pound fterling, when three fhillings foure pence went to the ounce , but now to feuen pound ten fhillings, according to Sir Thomas Smiths account, when fiue fhillings goeth to the ounce. The fucceeding Kings coyned Rofe Nobles, and double Rofe Nobles, the Great Soueraignes with thefaid infeription, Iefiu autem tranftens per medium eorum ibat , and halfe Rofe No- bles, with Domine ne in far ore arguas me, and halfe No- bles, with the fame , and King Henry the fixth when hee w r as crow'ned King of France, coyned the Salut, fofhortly contra- cted for the Salutation, hauing on the one fide the Angell falu- ting the Virgin CA'lary ^ the one holding the Armes of Eng- land, the other of Fiance, with the Kings title. On the'reuerft a Croffe betweene a Eloure-de-luce and a Lyon paffant with Cbriftiu vincit, £hnfim regnat ,C hr ifhu imperat. The George Noble had Saint George , with Tah dicata figno mens FlttStuare nefeit. The Angels had, Per crucemtmm [altta ms Chrifte re~ demptor. The Soueraignes of King Edward the fixth, and Qucer.c Elizabeth, Scutum fideiproteget earn. The Angels of Queen Eld z,abetb,A domino fathtm eft iftud,& eft mirabi/e.Thc Crowne of Philip and Mary, Mnndi [aim vnica. King Henry the leuenth ftamped a fmall coyne, called Dandy prats, and firft, as I reade, coyned fhillings, whereas before it w r as a name of weight , ra- ther then a coyne , on thereuerfe whereof, as of fixe pences groates. xyS Money. groates, &c. was written Pofui Dctsm admtorem meum, as vp= on leffer pieces of our Soueraigne Rofa fine jpina : for (hee firft coyned the pieces of three pence, three halfe pence, and three farthings. Vpon this former Infcription of Pofm Denm idiu- torcm metsm, a rude Scholler grounded his Apology ( when hec was charged to haue gotten a fellowfliip in a Colledge indi- reftly, by protefling folemnly by his faith and honefty that hee came in only by Pof-t Detsm adiutorem meum. And no maruel, for fome are faid to haue Higher place by meditation, and helpe of Angels. Thefe Coynes and Infcriptions continued vntill King lames hauing happily attained the whole Monarchy of great Britaine, caufed new Coynes to be made of feuerall (lamps, weights, and values, to be currant in his Kingdomes, that is to fay, one piece ofgold of the value of twenty fhillings flerling, called the V- mte, (lamped on the one fide with his Pi6ture, formerly vied with this (lyle, Iacobns j Dei Gra. Mag. Britannia, Fran. dr Hi- ber. Rex. and on the other fide his Armes crowned , with this word. Fvciam eos ingentem vnam : One other gold Money ©f tenne fhillings called the Double Crovene, and one of fiue (hil- lings, called the Britaine Crorvne , on the one fide with his Pi- cture accutlomed,and his fiile as aforelaid; and on the other fide his Armes with this word, Henricm Rofas,Regna Iacobns. One other piece offoure fhillings, called the Thifile Crorvne, hauing on the one fide a Rofe crowned, and his title, la.D. Gra Mag . Br. Fr. dr Hiber. Rex : and on the other fide a ThifUe Flowre crowned, with this word, Tueatur vnita Dens. A lib pieces of two (hillings fixe-pence,called lialfe Crownes, with his Piilure accu(lomed,and this word, la.D.Gr.Rofa ftnefiua: and on the other fide his Armes, with this word, Tueatur vnita Dens. And for filuer Monies, pieces offiue (hillings, and two (hillings fixepence, hauing on the one fide his Pi£lure on horfebackc, and his fiile afore faid: and pieces of twelue-pence, and fixe-pence, hauing his Pidlure formerly vfed, and his (hie : and on the other fide his Armes, with this word, Que Dens coniunxit, nemo fc- paret. AKo pieces of two pence, hauing on the one fide a Rofe crowned, and about la. T>. Gr. Rofa fine jpina : and on the o~ ther fide a Thifile Flowre crowned, aud about it, Tueatur vnita Dens. Money . 17 $ And one penny hauing on the on fide a Role , and about it: la. D. Gr. Rofa fine Jpina : and on the other fide a Thiffle Flowre, with this word, Tneaturvnita Dene. And the haJfe penny,hauing on the one fide a Role, and on the other a Thiftle Flowre, King Henry the eight, who had infinite wealth left by his prudent and fparing Father , and lo enriched himfelfe by the fpoylesof Abbayes, by firft fruits, tenths, exa&ions, and ab~ fenties in Ireland, was yet foimpouerifhed by his pompous pro- fufion, that in his later day es he firft corrupted the rich coyne of this flourishing Kingdome with Copper, to his great dif- honour, the dammage of SuccclTors and the people , although for his aduantage for the prefent. Vpon which occafion, that we may infert a tale, when we purpole nothing ferious heere : Sir Iohn Rainsford meeting Par Ion Brocks, the principal! Jeni- fer of the Copper Coyne, threatned him to breake his head, for that he had made his Soucraigne Lord , the moft beautifull Prince King Henry, with a red and Copper Nofe. So bafe and corrupted with Copper was his Money, as alfoofKitig Edward the fixth, that fome of them which was then called Teftons,bc- caufe the Kings head was thereon figured, contained but two pence farthing in filuer, and other foure pence halfe-penny. But Queene Elizabeth of thrice happy memory, coufidering in the beginning of her raigne, by the longfufferance of that bale and Copper Monies, not only her Crowne, Nobility, and Subie£is ofthisherRealme, to bedayly more and more impouerifoed, the ancient and fingular honour and eftimation , which this Realme of England had beyond all other by plenty of Monies ofGoldand Siluer, only fine and not bife, was hereby decay- ed, bur alfo by re afon of thefo bale Monies, great quantitie of forged and counterfeits, were dayly made and brought from beyond Seas, for the which the ancient fine eold and filt>er,and the rich Merchandize of this Realme was tranfported and day- ly carried out of the fame, to the impouerifhing thereof, and en- riching of others. And finally heereby all manner of prices of things in this Realme, neceffary for fuftentation of the people, graw dayly exceffiue to the lamentable and manifeft hurt and oppreffion of the State, fpecially of Penfioners,Souldiers,and all hjred.^ 1 80 Money. hired feruants, and other mcane people that liue by any kind of wages, and not by rents oflands,cr trade of Merchandize. Shee vpon thefe confederations defirous to refine the coyne not accor- ding to the Iegall but narurall eftimation of the mettall, firll marked the bafe Money fomc with a Greyhound, other with a Portcullous, and other with a Lyon, Harpe, Rofe, orFloure- de-lys, and after a time calling them to her Mime, repayed fo much for them as they conteyned in pure filuer ; fo that by her benefit England cnioyeth as fine, or rather finer Sterling Siluer theneuerit wasinthisRealme by the fpace of two hundred yeeres and more; a matter worth marking and memory. Veri- ly a greater matter then either King Edward the fixt, or Qucene (JMary durfi attempt. Whatloeuer doth remaine for Money, let Money-mongers, fupply when they will. And Ireferre to Politicians to dilpute among themfelues whether the dearth of all things which mod complaine of, doth proceedc from plenty ofGold and Siluer fince the late Difcoueries, or from APonopo- hffs, and combinations of Merchants and Craftsmen , or from tranlportation of Graine, or from pleafure of great Pcrfonages, which doe mod highly rate fuch things as they moft like,or ex- cefle inptiuate perfons,or to all thele conioyntly. i Si mprejes . [N Imprefe ( as the Italians call it) is a deuice in Pi&ure with his Motto, or Word j borne by noble and learned Perfonages, to notifie fome particular conceit of their owne : as Emblemes (that we may omit other differences) do propound fome generall inftrudti- ontoall: As for example: whereas Cofmi Medici, Duke of Florence, had in the afcendant at bis Natiuity the Signe of Capricorne , vnder which 'alfo Auguftus and Charles the fifth, two great and good Princes were borne : he vied the Celcftiall Signe ('apricerne, with this Motte; F idem fat i virtate feqaentur for his Imprefe, particularly concerning his good hope to proue like vnto them. Butafaire woman pictured, with anOliue Crowne reprefen- ting Peace, carrying in one hand the home of Plenty, leading a little golden Boy for Plat ns in the otbcr,with,£;cp^cc Reram 9- palentia , is an Embleme, and a generall document to all , that Peace bringeth plenty. There is required in an Imprefe ( that wee may reduce them to few heads ) a correlpondencie of the Picture , which is as the bodie , and the Motte , which as che foule giueth it life. That is, the body muft bee of faire reprefen- tation, and the word in fome different Language, wittie, fhort, and anfwerable thereunto- neither too obfcure nor too plaine, and moft commended, when it is an Hemijhch, or par- cell of a Verfe. According to thefe prefcripts neither the ftarres with the Moone in Tidetu fhield in cx £fchtlas , neither Amphiairaas Dragon in Pindar 3 neither the (femme of a fhippe vfed for a fealc Britannia Camtieni, i8t Jmprejes . feale by Pompey, can hauchecre place .-Much lefTc tfie reuerfes in Roman coynes, which were onely hirtoricall memor&lls of their a£fs, as that of Claudius, with a Plowman at Plow , and * this Col: Carnal 6 dm was to fignifie that hee made Malden in EJfex a Colony, and that of Hadrian with an Emperour , three fonldiersyand Exerc : Britannic us was in memory offome good fcruicc by the tree Legions reliant in this Ifie at Yorke, £ hejler , and Car-leon, vpon Vske. That alio of Seuerus with a woman fitting vpon Cliffes , holding an Enfigne in one hand , a«d as it were writing vpon a fhield, with V'tttorta Britannic a, was only to fhew his victories heere. Suchalfoas are fet dovv'ne in Noticia Eromnctarum, as a Boore leiant for Iovij, a circle party per Saltier for Brit anniciant t a carbuncle (as Blazoners terme it) for Britamici, ore. cannot be admitted into the number of Tmprefes, for they were the fe- uerall Enfignes of feuerall military companies, whereof the two laft feemed to be leauied out of this Ifle. Childifh it is to referre hither the fhields of King Arthurs round-Table Kinghts, when they were deuifed, as it is proba- ble , for no other end , but to teach yong men the terines of Blazon. Neither are Armes to be referred hither , which were deul- fed to diftinguifh families, and were moft vfuall amoug the no- bility in warres, tilts and tournaments in their coates called Coate-armours , Shields , Standard , Banners , Pennors , Guidons , vntiil about fome hundred yeeres hnce, when the French and /- talian in the expedition o t'Neaples, vnder Charles the eight be- ganne to leaue Armes, happly for that many of them had none, and to beare the Curtaines of their Miftrefles beds, their Mi* ftrifTes colours, or thefe Imprefes in their Banners, Shields, and Caparifons : in which the Englifh haue imitated them; and al- beit a few haue borrowed fomewhat from them, yet many haue matched them, and no few furpaffed them in wittie con- ceit, as you fhall percciue hereafter, if you will firft giuc mee leaue to remember fome imperfedl Deuifes in this kind of fome former Kings of England, which you may well fay tobeliuc- Idle bodies,for that they haue no word adioyned. Of King wdham Conquerour I haue heard none, neither dare fas Jmprefes, 183 ^as lovom takcth the Sfbinx lAuguJltu Signet^for an Imprefe ) to fetdowne our Conquerours feale, which had his owne Pi- cture on horfe-backe, withthefe Verles, to notifie his Domi- nions. Hoc Normamorum Willelmum nofcepatronttm: On the other fide; Hoe Angles Regem Jtgno fatearis eundern. As a King of Sidle had about this time this; Apulus, & Calaber, Siculus mtbi fervit dr Afer. Stephen of Bleys the Vfurper tooke the Signe Sagittarius,{'ot that he obtained this Kingdome when the Sunne was in the faid Signe. King Henry the fecond gricuoufly molefted by the difobe- dience of his foure fonnes, who entred into adu all rebellion a- gainft him, caufedtobe painted in his great Chamber at his Pallace in JVinchefier , an Eagle with foure young Chickens , whereof three pecked and foratched him, the fourth picked at his eyes. This his deuice had no life, becaufe it had no Motte : but his anfwergaue it life, when hee faid to one demanding his meaning. That they were his fonnes which did lb pecke him, and that hhn they ongeft whom hee loued beft , pradifed his death more bufily then the reft. [Giraldus Cambrenjis dijhnjll] King Henry the third , as liking well of Remuneration; com- manded to be written in his Camber at Woodjlocke, as it appea- red in the Records in the; Tower. Quinon dat quod amat, non accipit tile quod opt at. Edmund Crouch-backe his fecond fonne , fir ft Earle of Lan- cafier, vfed a red Role, wherewith his Tombe at Weflminfier is adorned. Edward the third bare for his deuice, the rayes of the Sunne, difperfing themlelues cut of a cloud, and in other places, a gol- den trunke of a T ree. The victorious Blacke Prince, his fonne, vfed fometimes one feather, fometime three ,in token, as fome fay, of his fpeedy exe- cution in all his feruices,as the Poftes in the Romane times were Tterephori, and wore feathers to fignifie their flying poft-haft. But the truth is, that he wonne them at the battell of frejfy from John King of Bohemia, whom he there flew : wliereunto he ad- i §4 Jmprefes. ioyncd this old Englifh word lc Dies, that is, I ferue according to that of the Apolile, The Heirc while bee is a child , differcth nothing from a feruaut: Thefe feathers were an ancient ornament of military men, and vfed for Crcafts, as is euident by that of Virgil: Cuius olorms, furgunt de verticefenna: And were vied by this Prince, before the time of Canoy Chan the Tartarian, who becaufe his life was faucd,by an Owle, would haue his people wcare their Feathers: from whom Hai- tian fableth, that the people of Europe recciucd firft the vie of Feathers. John of Gaunt, D uke of Lancajfer, brother to this Prince, tooke a red Rofe to his deuicc (as it were by right of his firft wife, the Heirc of Lancafier, as Edmund of Langley, Duke of Yorke , tooke the white Rofe.J Before thefe two brethren tooke thefe two Rofes, which the fautors and followers of their heires after, bare in that pittifull diftradlion of England , betweene the Families of Lancafier and Yorke, a white Rofc-tree at Long- leete , bare vpon on branch a faire white Rofe on the one fide,and as faire a red Rofe on the other : which might as well haue bin a fore-token of that diuifion, as the white Henne with the bay Sprigge lighting in the lap of Lima Augufla , betokened the Empire to her pofterity, which ended in Tgero, when both the broode of that Henne failed , and the baies of that Sprigge wi- thered. The faid Edmund of Langelyfistxc. alfo for an Imprcle a Faul- con inaFettcr-locke, implying that he was locked vp from all hope and poftibility of the Kingdome,when his brethren began to aipire thereunto. Whereupon heasked on a time his fonnes when he faw them, beholding this deuile fet vpina Window, what was Latin for a fetter locke:Whereat when the yong gen- tlemen ftudied, the father faid. Well, if you cannot tell me, I wil tell you, Hie , hac,hoc,taceatis\ as aduifing them to be filent and quiet, and therewithal! faid. Yet God kneweth what may come to faffe hereafter. This his great Grandchild , King Edward the fourth reportcd,when he commanded that his yongcr fonne Ri- chard Jmprefesl ifi cardt> uke of Yorke, fhould vfe this dcuice with the fetter-Iocke opened, as Roger Wall, an Herald of that timereporteth. King Richard the fecond, whole vntrained youth andyeel- ding lenity haftened his fall, vfed commonly a white Hart con- chant with a Crowns, and chaine about his necke. For wearing the which, foone after his depofition, fome loft their liues. He alfo vied a Pefcod branch with the cods open , but the Peafe out, as itis vpon his Robe in his Monument at Weftminfter. His wife^«#*,fifterto Winceflam theEmperor,bareanOftrich s with a nayle in his beake. King Henry the fourth ( as it is in M after Garters bookc,) v- fed a Foxetayle dependant, following Lyjanders aduice, if the Lyons skinne were too fhort, to peece it out with a Foxes cafe. His halfe brethren furnamed Beaufort of Beaufort in France ('which came to the Houfe of Lancafier by Blanch of Artois, wife to Edmund firft Earle of Lancafier) and who after were Dukes of Sommerfetyfrc , bare a Portcullis gold; whereunto not long aftrrward was added this word, Altera feenrttae. And not long fince by the Earles of fVoreefter ifliicd from them, Mutare AHt timer e Jperno. His yonger fon Humfrey, Duke ©f Glocefier , a noble fautor of good letters, bare in that rcfpe& a laurcll branch in a golden cup. That moft martiall Prince^Cing Henry the fifth, carried a bur- ning Crcfiet/ometime a Beacon : and for his word (but not ap- propriate thereunto) Vne fans plus. One and no more. King Henry the fixth had two feathers in faltire. King Edward the fourth,bar e his white Role, the fetter-Iocke before fpecified,& the Sun after the battell of Mortimers crofie where three Sunnes were feene immediatly conioyning in one. King "Richard the third bare a white Boare, which gaue oc- cafion to the Rime that coft the maker his life. The Cat , the Rat, and Lovell the Dog, Rule *// England vnder a Hog. King Henry the feuenth,in refpcdf of his defeent from the houfe of SommerfetyCcd thePortcullix before mentioned ; and in re- pc£f of the vnion of the two houfes of Lancafier and Yorke, by his marriage, the white Rofe vnited with the red,fbmetime pla- ced in the Sun. And in refpe& he was crowned in the field with N Y King iS 6 Jmprefes. King Richards Crowne, found in an Hawthorne buflh, hee bare the Hawthorne bufh with the Crowne in it; and with this hee filled the windowes at Richmond, Si his Chapell at Weflminfler His wife, Queene Elizabeth, had a white and red Role knit together. His Mother Lady Margaret ,Co\ixfi.zfe of Richmond, had three white Dafies growing vpon a turfe. When King Henry the eight beganne his raigne,the Englifh wits beganne to imitate the French and Italian in thele dcuifes, adding the Mots. Firft King Henry himfelfe at the interview be- tyveene him and King Francis the firft, whereat alfo Charles the fifth was ptefent, vfed for his Impree, an Englifh Archer in a green, coat, drawing his Arrow to the head, with this inferipti* on. Cut adhareo, praefi : when as at that time thofe mighty Prin- ces banding one againft the other, wrought him for their owne particular. His fecond wife Queene Anne , a happy Mother of En glands happinefle by her rnoft happy Daughter, bare a white crowned Faulcon, holding a Scepter in her right talon , ftanding vpon a golden Truncke, out ofthe which lprouted both whitcandred Rofes,with Mihi, & mere. To the honour of Queene lane,- who dyed willingly to faue her child King Edward , bare a Phoenix in his funeral! fire, with this Motto, Najcatur vt alter. King Edward the fixt bare (as the blacke Prince) three fea- thers in a Crowne while his Father furuiued,as Prince of Wales with Icdten. Albeit he was neuer created. Queene Mary when fhe was Princeflc, vied hoth a red and white Rofe, and a Pomegranate knit together, to Ihew her defi. cent from Lancafier , Yorke and Spaine . W hen fhee came to the Kingdome, by perfwalion of her Clergy , fhee bare winged ' Time drawing truth out of a Pit, with, temporis filia. Her Succeflbur of bleffed memory J Qucene EUz-abeth, vpon occaliions, vfed lo many heroi call deuifes, as would require a volume; but mold commonly a Siue without a Motte, for her wordSi V-tdcoyaceo, and Semper eadem, which fhe as truly and confiantly performed. Cardinall Poole fhewed the terreftriall Globe incompalfed with a Serpent, adding this out of Saint Cfrtatkew, Efioteprtt- dentes. N Owl will defcend from thebloud Royall, and former time, and prefent vnto you a few Imprefes vied by noble, and Gentlemen of our Nation, in our agc,without commenting vpon themes the Italians vie. For the perfons names I am to be pardoned as knowing them not, when I obfcrued them at Tilts and elfewhere : Butfuch as adioyned after the old and moll lau- dable Italian manner ,their Armes withall. He fignified his conftancy in aduerfity , which painted a man fwimming and firming againft the ftreame in a tempefiuous fea with this xinitnm tanten idem. Defirous was he to rife, but found counterblafts, who figu- red a man afcending a Mountaine, but repelled with contrary winds, with this Mot,Nttens adfumma, repellor. Henry Howard Earle of Surrey, lonne andheirc to Thomas Duke o fTforfolke, dcuifed for himfelfe, I know not vpon what confederation, a broken pilier with this word. Sat fuperefi. But .1 reade he was charged at his arraignment with that deuife, the impaling of his Armes with the Armes of Saint Edward, and e- redting three banqueting Houfes , as Bafi ’tlisns in his Garden neere Non&cb; as matter of great confequence and high Trea- fon, to the lolfe of his life. This is that Noble Earle of Surrey, who firfi among the Nobility of England, conioyned the ho= uourof learning to the honour of high Parentage. Of whom the learned Hadriamu I mites giueth this teftimony in Lat-= tine, which I cannot fo well expreiTe in Englifb, Hero/cum corporis filftm, ingenium velox , & expromptum, memoria inex- haufla, planeque Afytbridatica,fermo ah ipjis Gratis effittuijitt- guar am multiplex cogmtio,&c. Hec would either finde a way, or make a way tohispre- ferment, which caufcd to be pourtrayed , a hand working out a way in a craggy Hill with a Pickaxe, and this word, Imenit , mtfacit. Sir Philip Sidney, to note that hec perfifted al- wayesone, depainted out the Cafptan Sea, fur rounded with his N % fhoareSj 1 88 Jmprefes. fhoare*, which neither ebbeth nor floweth, and ouer it: Sine rejluxu. He acknowledged his eflence to bee in his gracious Soue- raigne 5 which bare a Sun-dyall, and the Sun-letting, adding, Occafti definet effe . He might feeme to beare a vindicatiue mind , but I thinke it was for fome amarous affeClion, which bare a flyc vpon an eye, with Sicvltttrpeream. Vpon his Princes fauour hee wholly relyed, which dc- uifed the Sun-fhining vpon a bufh , fubferibing St defirts fereo. As he which in like fenfe bare the Sunne reflecting his rayes from him, with Qttottfijne Autrtes? His d euotemind to his Lady he dcuoutly,though not rcligi- oufly (Viewed, which vnder Venm in a Cloud changed the vfuall prayer into, Salt** me domina. He (hewed his affectionate good will in height of courage, that (hewed in his (hield, Atlas bearing Heaucn with a roulc inferibed in Italian, Intendamchepuo. Theferce ofloue was well figured by him that gaue an Vni- corne ( haply the badge of his family ) repofing his head in a La* dies lap, with this word, O quantafotentia. Excellent was that of the late Earle of Eflcx , who when hee was caft downe with forrow,and yet to be impfoyed in Armes, bare a black mourning (hield without any figure, but inferibed. Par nullafigttra doleri. A ftedfaft (etled mind was in that Gentleman, that deuifed for himfelfe a Pjrkmis open to wind and weathcr,with Necfla - He noted our peaceable times, which hauirg a Martiall mind, fliewed an armed Knight, foundly deeping in a cocke-boate vpon a calme Sea, with, ^Eqnora tut a filent* He played with the Name, and hoped remedy tohisLoue, which deuifed a Rofe,with that of Quid ('leauing out the nega- due ) t/lmorcji medtcabihs her bis. A Gentleman committed,and after with his great commerr* dation enlarged, tooke to him for an Imprefe.a Ball vpen a Rac*. Let, ftiperfcribing,Pw*#* re fur go* The The Sunne declining to the Weft, with Occident, Occident, f being Chert in the firft word, and long in the fecond , Chewed that the fafety and life both of the bearer, and of others did de- pend on the light and life of the Soueraigne. A ftudious louer of good Letters, framed to himfelfe onely the figure of / , with this Philofophicall Principle s Omnm ex vno. OutofPhilofephy likewile another, tonotifie hks greateft impeachment, drew this Principle, Ex nihilo nihil : andinfcri- bed it bend-wife,with his Armes in a bare fhield. One weighed downe with fome aduerfe hap, and yetnot al- together hopclelfe, painted an heauy Clone fattened to a mans arme with, Spes mihi magna tamen. Neither fecmcd hee voide of all hope for his paines, after long feruice, which painted a fallow field with, At quando mejfis? ' The Needle in the Sea compafle ftill mouing but to the North point only with Moueor tmmotus , notified the refpcftiue con- ttancy of the Gentleman to one only. The ornament of our Land was meant by him which placed oncly the Moonc in Heauen in full light with, Qmd fine te Caelum? Farre was he from Venue feruice which bare Verna portray- ed in a Cloud with. Nihil minus. But wholly deuoted was he to that GoddejOfe, which con- trari wife bare the Aftronomicall Character of Venus, with Ni° hil magis. The fucceffiue variety of worldly affaires, or hish&owne fa- vours, a ftudious Gentleman well noted, which painted in an Hemilphcre fome ftarres tilings, fome fetting, with Surgb,tqa§ $admtqHevieiJfm . His whole truftrepofed that good Biuine in God, which after fome aduerfities lee vp a Rocke beaten with winde and weather, to expreffe his ftate yet ftanding, with E>es luuante, *jbeo confermnte. Heauenly cogitations were in him, who only figured a mas kneeling, with his hands lifted vp to the Heaucns, with this i©* fcribcd. Supreme optima mmdi. N | A 1 90 Jmprefes. A very good inuention was that to fhew his flay and fupport by a virgin Prince, who prefented in his fheild , the Zodiacke with the Charailers onely of Leo and Virgo) and this word 3 His egopr&fidijs. It may be thought that he noted deferts to be euery where excluded, and meere hap to raife moft men, who inferibed within a lawrell Garland, Patomn merito. A lauifh tongue might feeme to haue damnified the Gen* tleman which tooke for his deuice Landskip, as they call it, and folitary Mountaines, with Tati monte s , Mum fi- lent mm. He had no great care to exprefle his conceit in in Imprefe, which neuerthclcffc he did exprefle, which bare a white fhield inferibed, Neccura, nec character. No Knight of V onus was he, who as triumphing ouer her force, bare her fonne winged Cupid in a Net, wifh Owe optic a* pitur . The Starre called Spica Virginis, one of the fifteene which are accompted to be of the firft magnitude among fhe Aftrono- mers, with a fcrole written, Mihi vita fpica Virginia , declared thereby haply, that he had that Starre in the afeendent at his Natiuity,or rather that he liued by the gracious fauour of a Vir- gin Prince. One in our Sea-faring age, aduenturing himfelfeand all hee had to the Seas, propofing no certaine arriuall to himfelfe/nade a Ship with fullfaylein the Sea, and fuperferibed, Portusm ignoto. His minde mounted abeue the meane, which deuifed for himfelfe , one that had clambred much more then halfe the way of a fteepe Mountaine, adding this wordneere him, Dixeruntfatui , omitting the other part of the Verfe, Medium tenuere beati. Likewife he hoped to attaine the height of his defire, which made one chming to the the middle of a Fir amis, with Hue fpe s by him, and Itltcfpes , abouehim. Another alfo which climbed in his conceit, but as it feemeth fearing a fall, made a man vpon the vpper degreed of a Ladder., with this Mot ioyned. Non quofedvnek Cado , ~ ' He Jmprefes'. ipi He referred Fate, Fortune and all to his Soueraigne, which drew for himfelfe the twclue houfes of Heaucn , in the forme which Afirelogianrv&,fett\ng downe neither Signc, ;ror Pla- net therein, but only placing ouer it this word,, Dtfpne. The like reference had he which only vied a white fhield,and therein written. Fat urn inferibat eliz*a. It may be doubtfull whether he att e£led his Soueraigne, or la- ttice more zealoufly, which made a man houering in the ayre, with FeroraA aftraam. You may eafilyconie&ure what he concerned, who in his fiiield reared an Oare with a fade fattened thereunto , adding Tors dr virtu* mifcentur in vmm. Full of louing affe&ion was hee to his Lady, which bare a Rofe vpon his pricking branch, with <*/Zbtghqne tra- httquc. With many a bluftring blaft he fcemed to haue becne totted, which painted an Horizon, with all the Cardinall and col- lateral! windcs blowing, and inthemiddeft, Raywntque fer~ wttqtte. As to the honour of OWageUamu ( whofe fiiip firft patted round about the world, though he mifcaried ) was deuifed the terreftriall Globe, with, Tu primu* circumdeckfti me. So oar Sir Francis Drake, who fortunately cffedied the fame, had de- uifed for him a Globe terreftriall , vpon the height whereof in a fhip vnder faile, trayned about the Globe w ith two golden halfers, by direction ofan hand out of a Cloud, and a Dragon volant vpon the hatches, regarding the direction with thefe words, Attx'tlto Amine. An Imprefe’too perplexed and vnfitting for ft) worthy a man, who as lohn Owen then Scholler in Winckefter Colledge, 1581. laid to him mod excellently in this Diftich. PL VS VLT.RA, Herculeis inf cribas Drake columnu , Ft magno die 04 Hercnle maior ere. A man verily worthy to be eternized by lome good pen, as alfohis feruant lohn Oxenham , who ariuing with feuenty men in the flraight of Dariena in America, drew aland his fhip, and hiding it with boughs, marched ouer the land with his compa- ny, guided by Negros, vntill he.came to a Riuer where he cut N 4 wood jc;i Jmprefes. wood, made him a Piaaffe, entred the South fea,-Went to the I- Jand of F carles, lay there ten dayes, intercepted in two Spanifh fhips, tbreefcore thoufand weight of gold, and one hundred thoufand in barres of filuer, returned fafely to the maine land : but through the mutiny of his fouldiers,he milcarried and as the Poet laith, Magnis excidit aujts, in anaduentureneuer attemp- ted by any , and therefore not to bee forgotten , when as Lo- pez, a Spaniard, hath recorded it not without admiration, as you may fee in the Difcoueries of the learned and induftrious (J7rl. Rich. Hacklmt : But pardon this digreffion occafioned by the memory of Sir Fra. Drake. It feemed a difficulty vnto him to liue rightly ,cither in liber- ty or bondage, which painted one Greyhound couffing, with, Inlibertate labored another tyed to a tree gazing on the game with,/# feruitute dolor. 3 cannot imagine what he meant, which tooke for his dcuile a fmallbrookepaffihg along the lands mildly, till it came to a damme, and there riling and raging ouerflowed the land, with, Magismagtfque , written in the place ouer-flowed : vnlelfe hee would giue vs to vnderftand that the more his affe&ions were flopped, the more they were flirred. He which tooke a man armed at all points with. Me dr mc- while he fhewed arefolution in his owne behalfe , forgat God, and that of King Henry the eight, Diet* dr rnon droit'.Qod and my right. In the Imprclcs of Rttfcelli. I finde that Sir Richard Shel- ley, Knight of Saint Iohns , vfed a white Faulcon, with this Spa- nifh Motto, Fey fida Igula . ldefl. Faith and gentlenefie, which Faulcon is quartered in his Armes by the name of Michelgroue, as they fay. Whereas the Lawrell lacred to learning, is neucr hurt by Lightning , and therefore the Cocke reforteth thereunto in tempers, as naturall Hiftorians teftifie : Hee feemeth ftclious of good learning, and fearefilllofdanger, which caufed to bee painted for him a Cocke vnder the Lawrell, with Sic euitabite fnlmen. Anamarous affe&ion was only noted in him which fet downe an eye in an heart, with, Vulmu ale. He Imprefes. 193 He alfo held one courfe , and leuclled at one marke , which madeaRiucrina long trait difgorguighimfelfeinto the Sea, with Semper ad Mare. He doubted not to finde the tight courfe by indif e£t meanes, which did fet downe a fphericall crooked paire of Compares, with Terobltquaretta. Heepropofed tohimfeife honor in Martiall feruice , which madea Tropheeortrunke of a tree with harnefle and abille- mentsof warre , and a Sepulchre not farre off, adding vnder- neathe, Autfpolijs Utemur opimis. Omitting that which follow- etb ill Virgil, 4. Imprefes. Vtrgd, containing Galhts louing lamentations,' which pourtray- ed a tree, and in the barke engraued E, adding this word, (prefect is. Studious in Alchimy might heefeeme , or in fome abftruce Art which hee could not finde out, w r hich fhewedfbrhisde- uice onely a golden branch, with Latet arbor e opaca. He Teemed not to refpedt bopefull tokens without good ef- fe£ls, which made a fiiip finking, and the Raine-bow appearing, with Quid tUy fi pereo. I know one which ouercome with a predominant humour was To troubled with a fancifull vaine cogitation, (b that no counfell or company could withdraw him from it, figured a man with a fhaddow proie&ed before him, with this word , It comes. A Gentleman Scholler drawne from the Vniuerfitie where he was well liked to the Court, for which in refpedt ofhis bafh- fullmodeftie, he was not fo fit; painted a red Corail branch, which while it grew it the Sea was grecne, with this. Nunc ru- beo ante virebam . Matter “Rif bard Car eve of Anthony , when he was in his ten* deryeeres, deuifed for himfelfc an Adamant vpon an Anuile , with a hand holding an hammer thereouer,and his Italian Mot- to , Che verace r Durera : which all’o contayned his name Ana- grammatically- He feemed not to be fu Anciently warmed , Iiuing in the Sun- flrineof the Court, which framed for his deuife aglafle of Pa- rabolicall concauitie, orburning-glaffe as fome call it, with the Sunne ttiining ouer it, and a combuflible matter kindled vnder it, with Nec dam calefco. He doubted not but continuall fuite would mollifiehis Mi- tt rifle heart, which made an eye dropping teares vpon an heart, with Sape cadendo. Hee lacked but fome gracious hand to effect fome matter well forward, which made more then halfe a circle with a paire of Compaffes, the one foote fixed in the center, the other in the circumference, placing thereby, Addemanum . His conceit was godly and correfpondentto his name , who made an Hart in his race to a fountaine, and ouer it, V t Ccrutu F on tern, Fentem, and vndcr'k Sic Abr ah antics Chriflum. The meaning is plaine to all which know Scriptures, and I take theGentlemans name to bee zAbraham Hartwell: The fame Imprefe was vied by Boromeo thebeft Cardinall which I haue heard of, but with this word, Vna fains. When the Spaniards purpofed inuafion 1 588. and their Na- uie was fcattered to their confufion, by a fhip fired and carried among them by direction from her late Maieftie; A Gentle- man depainted that Nauie in confufion , withafiered ihip ap- proaching, adding to her honour out of Virgil • Dux feemma fatti. * This calles another to my remembrance, which I haue feene caft in filuer, as concernings that matter , A great Nauie vpon the Sea, ncere the South coaft of England , with Venit , vtdit, fngit : As that of Ifditts Cafar , when he had ouercome P bar na- tes, Vent vidi, vici. About that time, when fome diflikes grew betweenethe English and the States of the vnited Prouinces, they fearing that it might tend to the hurt of both, caufed to bee imprinted two Pitchers floating on the water vpon a Medalia,with Si col - lidimur,frangimur. In the like fenfe there were coyned peeces with two Oxen drawing the Plough, the one marked with a Rofe for England, the other with a Lyon on the fhoulder for Holland , and written thereby, Trahite ^niipraiones mod gracious patronage of him, with this A- were all naked, and thereunto vfe had fo hardned them , accor- ding to that which a halfe naked poore Beggar anfwered in cold weather, to one warmely clad with his Fur res , Muffts,and Sa- bles about his necke , meruailing at his nr rednefle : I as much meruaile how you can abide your face bare - for all my body is made of the lame metall that your face is* But a bafhfull ihamefaftnlfle in-bred in man , and withaU a natural! defire of decency, and needfitie of couerturr m extfeame weather , firft gaueoccafion to inuent apparel! , end 0 doubt but after the creation, man- kinde went firft naked , and in proba- bility might fo haue continued. For that as Nature had armed other Crea- tures, with liaire , brifiles, fhelsand leales, foalfo man with skinne fuffici- ent againft the iniurics of the ayre. For in this cold Countrey in Seusrus 1 time , the mod Northerne Bntaxs artcr- 1 98 apparel afterward pride playing vpon conceited opinions of decende, hath infinitely varied the lame in matter, forme and fafhion,and fo now doth and will continually. Lucrecim the ancient Poet , thought that garments of knit worke, and after wouen , were firft in vfe, by his V Crfc : Nttxilis ante fait veftis i quant textile tegmen. As that yron was found out afterward, without which wea- uing could not be vfed. But other thinke that Beaft skinnes af- ter Adams leaues, was mans firRoucrture. Certainly, at fat- fays airmail, fomeyeeres before ChriftsNatiuitie , the Britans in the South parts of this our Ifle, were attired with skinnes * and after ,as ciuilitie grcwvnder the Romanes, they affumed the Romane habite. The Englijh , which at their firft arriuall here, vfed long lac- quets, were fhorne all the head fauing about the crowne , and vnder that an yron ring. After, they ware loofe and large white f arments, with broade guards of diuerle colours as the Lorn- ards. Somewhat before the Conqueft they were all gallant with coates to the mid-knee, head fhorne, beard fhaued,armes laden with bracelets, and face painted. Whofoeuer will enter into this argument fince the Con- queft, his penne may haue a fpacious walke, but I purpofing to be briefe, will omit the royall habits of Kings at their Coronati- on, the mantleof Saint Edward , the Dalmatic a with flceucs, a facerdotall garment, their hofe and fandals. As alfo the hono- rable habillimentsjas robes of State, Parliament robes, Chape- ■ rons and Caps ofEftate, Houplands, which fome thinke to bee traines,thcSurcoate, Mantle, Hood and Collerofthe Order of the Garter, &c. The Ghimners, Rochets , Miters of Bifhops, with the Archbifhops Palle bought fo dearely at Rome, and yet but made of thewoollof white Lambes, fedde by Saint Ag- nes Nmnes , and led about Saint Teters Altar, and laid vpon his Tombe. Neither will I fpeakeof the Iudges red robes, and Collcr of 8 8. which they vfed in memory of Saint Simplicius, a fan&ified Lawyer, and Senator of Rome. I omit, I fay, all thefe matters, whereof each one would require a whole treatife, and will L Apparet 1 99 will briefly note what I haue obferued by the way , in my lit- tle reading. Robert , eldeft fonne to the Conquerour,vfed fbort hole, and thereupon was by-named Court-hofe , and flhewed firft the vie of them totheEnglifh. But how flight they were then, you may vnderftand by King William Rufus hofe, of which I mall fpeake hereafter. King Henry the firft reprehended much the immodefty of i n wife Tpee- apparell in his dayes, the particulars arenot fpecified , but the c hes. wearing of long haire with locks and perukes, he abolished. King Afew^thefecond brought in the fhort Mantle, and there of had the by-name of Court-mantle. And in this time thevfeof filke, I mean c Bombjcina made by Sdke-wormes, was brought out ofGrecceinto Sicile a and then into other parts of Cbriftendome. VotSencum which was adoune kmbed off from trees among the Seres in Eait-India, as Btjfm , was a plant or kinde of hike grade, as they now call it, were vnknowne. There was alfo a coftly ftuffe at thefc times here in England, called in Latine Aurfrtfium , what it was named in Englifh I know not, neither doe imagine it Auriphrigium, and to ngnifie embroderie with gold , as Opera c Phrygia , were embroderies. Whatfoeuer it was , much defired it was by the Popes , and highly efteemed in Italie. But to the purpofe : What the habits both ciuill and military were in the time of King Iohn, Henry the third, and fucceeding ages, may better appeare by their monuments, old glaffe-windowes and ancient Arras 3 then bee found in Writers of thoie time. As aifo the robes, which the King then allowed to each Knight [when hee was dubbed) of greene or burner, ws,. Tunic am, & pallium cutn CiauC Anno-s. penults byjfis , as they fpake in that age, and appeareth vpon re- Henr.4, cord. Neither is it to be doubted , but fucceffiue time and Eng- lifli mutability, brought in continually new cuts, ash. trie time of King Edward the third , which may bee vnderttood by this Rime then made. Long beards, heart lejfe. Painted hoods, wit lejfe , Gay coates, grace lejfe, , Makes England thrift lejfe. Many .fe 2.oo (yippareli. Many Statutes werealfo proukled in thatbehalfe, and the Hiftorie called Eulogium , prooucth no Icffe. The Commons (faith he) were befitted in excejfeof Apparell, inwide Surcoates reaching to their loynes , fome in in a garment reaching to their heeles , clofe before and fronting oat on the fidcs , Jo that on the hacke, make manfesme women, and this thej call by a ridicu- lous name , Gowne ; their hoods are little , tyed vnder the chinne , and buttoned like the womens, but Jet with gold, (Utter and precis otts ft ones : their lirripippes reach to their heeles all tagged. They bane another weede o f J tike which they call a Paltockj their hofi are of two colours or pide, with more , which with lachets which they called rfarlots , they tie to their Paltocks without any bree- ches. Their girdles are of gold and ftluer,fome worth ic. Market, their fhooes and patens are fnowtedand piked more then a finger long crooking upwards , which they call Crackowes , refembltng the Deuils clawes , which werefaftned to the knees with chaines of gold and filuer. And that were they garmented (which as my Author faith) were Lyons in the had, and Hares in the field » The bookc of Worcefter reporteth that jn theyeere of out Lord, 1369. they beganne to vfe Caps of diuerfe colours,efpc- cially red with coftly lynings , and 137?. they firft beganne to wantonitinanewround curtail weede, which they called a Cloake, and in Latine Armilaafa , as oncly couering the fhoul- dtrs. Here you may fee, when Gownes, Cloakes and Cappcs . fir ft came in vfe, though doubtldTe they had fome fuch like at- tire in different names. How ftrangcly they were attired vnder King Richard the fe- cond, the good perfon in (Jhaucer fhall tell you. Alas may not a man fee as in our dayes the ftnfull coftly array of cloathing, and, namely in too much fuperfluitie of cloathing, fuch that maketh it fo deare, to the harme of the people, not onely the coft of embro- dering,the dif gulfed en denting, or barring, 0 finding , play ting, •winding or bending, ad femblable wafte of cloath in vanitie. But there is a/fo the coftly furring in their gownes, fo much pom fin g of chefs ll to make holes , fo much dagging of fteres forche , with the fuperfluitie m length of the forefaid gownes , traylingin the dung, andin the mire, on herfe and alfo on foot e, as well of man as of woman. That all that tray ling is 'verily as in effeil wafted. Z4ppareH. lot son fumed and thread-hare and rotten with dung rather then it i s giuen to the poore. V’pon that other fide, to fpeake of the horrible difordinate fcantneffe of cloathing, as been thefe cm ted fieppes, or ban felines, that through their Jhortneffe cotter not the fhamcfuS members of man, to wicked intent. Alas , fome of them fhew the boffe of their fhape, and the horrible fwolne members that feemeth like the malady of Hernia, in the wrapping of their ho fen, and al - fo the buttockes of him faire, as it were the hinde parts of a fhee Ape in the full of the Moone. And moreouer, the wretched fwolne members that they fhew through difguifing, in departing of their ho fen in white and red, feemeth that halfe their prime members were flaine. And if fo be that they depart their ho fen in other co- lours, as is white and blew, or white and blacke, or blacke and red , and fo forth: Then feemeth as by variance of colour, that the halfe part of their priuie members, been corrupt by the fire o/Saint An- thony , or by canker or by other fuch mifchanee : Of the hinder part of the buttocks it is full horrible for to fee , for certes in that part of their body, there as they purge their Jhnking ordure , that foule part fhew they to the people , proudly in dejpite of honefhe , which honefiy Iefus (fhrifi and his friends obferued to fhew in their life. Now as to the outragious array of women , God wot, that al- though the vifages of fome of them feeme full chafie , and debo- nair e, yet notifie in her array and attire licouronfneffe and pride. / fay not that honefiy in cloathing of man or woman is vncouena- ble, but certes the fuperfluitie of difordinate quant itie of cloathing is reprouable. They had alfo about this time a kind of Govvne called a Git, a Iacket without fleeues called a Haketon, a loofc lacked like an Heralds coate of Armes, called a Tabar, a Gippon, a doublet or light coate, a fhort Gabbardine called*a Court-pis, a Gorget cal- led a Cheuefail, for as yet they vfed no bands about their neck, a Pouch called a Gipfer. And Queene Anne wife to King Ri- chard the fecond , who firft taught Engiifh women to ride on J H 1 ?• >sv- * Side-fadles*, when as heretofore they rid aftride, brought in high-head attire piked with homes , and long trained gownes for women. Of the long pocketting {leeues in the time of King Henry ' the fourth, Hocchue a Mafter of that age fting. O Now. 2,02, Apparell. Now hath this land little neede of hroomes , 'To fweepe away the filth out of the fireete , Sen Side-fieeues of pennileffe gro ernes , Will it vp licke he it dry or tveete. And not many yeeres after/oolifh pride To defc ended to the foote , that it was proclaimed that no man fhould haue his fhoccs broader at the toes then fix inches : and women bum- med themfelues with Foxe tayles vnder their garments, as they doe now with French farthingalles ,and men with abfurd (hort garments, in fo much as it wasenaided, 2<$.of Edward the 4, that no manner of perion vnder the eftate of a Lord,fhall weare from that time any Gowne or Mantle vnleffe it bee of fuch length that hee being vpright it fhall couer his priuie members and buttocks , vpon paine to forfeiteto our Soueraigne Lord the King, at euery default 20. fbillings. Neither was the Clergy cleere then from this pride , as yoo. may perceiue by Pearce 'Plowman. Albeit Poljder Virgil, and the late Archbiflhop of Canterbury mott reuerend X). Parker noteth, that the Clergy of England neuer ware filke or veluet vntill the time of the pompous Cardinall^a//^ , who opened that dore to pride among them, which hitherto cannot be fihut« • The ciuill warres could not purge this generall vaine humour, neither the Lawes ftill enadted in thisbehalfe, neither if a corn tempt of gold, filuer and filke , could bee brought into mens- mindes, which is an impoflibility, but fuppoftd by fome to be theonely meanes to reflraine the vaine expences herein; nei- ther doe I tbinke that the fhamefull exceptions , which Zalett- ff^theLflm^wprouided in his Lawes, could flay our vanitie, who ordayned that no woman fhould bee attended with more thenonemaid in thclireeie, but when fhee was drunke; that {he fhould not goe out ofthe Citie in the night, but when fhee wentto commit adultery ; that fhee fhould notwearegold or embrodered apparell,but when fhe purpofed to be a common Strumpet. As for men that they fhould not weare rings or tiflues , but when they went a whooring, yet for a clofe I will tell you here how Sir Philip Calthrop purged lohn Drakes the Shoomaker t/'*~ ■ O ~ of Apparetl. 2,0$ of Norwich in the time of King Henry the eight, of the proud humour vhich our people haue to bee of the Gentlemens cuts This Knight bought on a time as much fine French tawny cloth as fhould make him a Gowne, and lent it to the T ay lors to bee made. Iohn brakes a Shooe-maker of that towne, coraming to the laid Taylors , and feeing the Knights gowne-cloth lying there, liking it well , caufed the Taylor to buy him as much of the lame cloth and price, to the fame intent ; and further , bade him to make it of the famefafhion that the Knight would haue his made of. Not long after the Knight comming to the Tay- lors, to take mealitre of his Gowne, perceiueth the like gowne cloth lying there , asked the Taylor whole it was : Quoth the Taylor it is Iohn Drakes , who will haue it made of thefelfe lame faflhion that yours is made of; wel (faid the Knight) in good time be it. I will (laid hee) haue mine made as full of cuts as thy Iheerescanmakeit : It fhall bee done faid the Taylor, whereupon becaufe the time drew neere, he made hafte of both their garments. Iohn Drakevihen hehad no time to goe to the Taylors till Chriftmas day,for feruing of Curtomers, when he had hoped to haue wome his Gowne, perceiuing the fame to bee full of cuts, beganne to iweare with the Taylor for the ma- king of his Gowne after that fort. I haue done nothing ( quoth the Taylor) but that you bade mce , for as Sir Philip Calrhrops is, euenfohaue I made yours. By my latchet ( quoth Ishn ‘Drake) I willneuer weare Gentlemans fafhion againe. How we haue offended lately herein, I referre to euery parti- Seep eular mans owne knowledge. I feare it will be verified, which an old Gentleman faid , when your pofterity fhall fee our pi- ctures, they fnall thinke wee were foolifhly proud in apparell, as when they fhall fee our contrails , purchases , deeds , coue=> nants and conuciances , they will thinke wee haue becne excee- ding crafty, as we iudge the contrary by the picture and deeds of our Ancefiors , whom wee commend for plainneffe both in meaning and attire, though infomeages , they offended in the latter as well as we. To what caufeour mutability (whereas our Cofins the Ger- mans hauebeene immutable herein) may be referred, I know not, vnleffe that we as all Handers are Lmares , or the Moones O 2 men zo4 lAppareJl. men who as itisintheoldEpigramme, could bee fitted with no apparcll, as her Mother anfwered her when flic intreated no- thing more. They w hich miflike moftour prefent vanity herein, let them remember that of Tacittu. All things runne round , and as the fcafons of theyeere, fo mens manners haue their reuolutions. But nothing makethmqre to this purpofe then that of Seneca . Our age is not oncly faulty ,our anceftors haue complained,wee complaine, and our pofteritie will complaine, that manners are corrupted, that naughtinefle raigneth,and all things waxe worfe and worfe. But thofe things doe (lay and fhall ftay, cnely tof- fed a little to and fro, euen as the billowes of the Sea. In one age there will be more adulterers, in another time there will bee exceffiue riot in banquet ting , another while ftrange garments of the body, not without deformitie of theminde. At another time, malapert boldncffe will fquare it out : In another age cru- elty and fury of ciuill warre will flafh out, and fometimes ca- rowfing and drunkennefle will bee counted a brauery. So vi- ces doe rufflle among themfelues, and vfiirpe one vpon another. As for vs, we may fay alwayes ©f our lelues ; We are euill,therc haue bcene euill , and euill there will bee. There will bee al- Vvayes Tyrants, Murderers, Thecues, Adulterers, Extortio- ners, Church-robbers, Trai tours , and other of the fame rab- blement. £05 c iA rtillarie. F eucr the wit of man went beyond it felfe, it was in the inuentionof Artil- larie or Enfignes of warre, albeit the firll inuentors are thought by feme to haue beene either timerous or traite- tons , or fpightfull and dangerous. Wonderfull it was of that force the ^worRammewasinbatterie , the 'AWufcles , walking Towres , HeUpolis or Wm-city, where wi th Demetrius got the iurname Poliorcetes or Towne-taker , the Baltfla in violent (hooting great ftones and quarrels, as alio the fatapultes , the Malieolt in fiering buildings, which could be extinguifoed with nothing but duft; and that To famous of zyirebimedes inuention , atthefiege of Siracufe , for foot of great ftones with a meruailous cracke. But that wee may come home, ourNacion had the pra&ife of mol} of thele, and moreouer of Mangonels , Trabncches , and Brtcolles, wherewith they vied to caft Mil-Hones , and the Frenchmen velfels of Yenemous info 61 ion, which they prepared againft Ca- lice , anno 1410. but were fyred with the whole towne of Saint Omars, by an Englifo youth. Wichthefe Engines the Turbos foot putrifed carcafes of horfes into Negroponte , when they befieged it, and it is reported by William Brito, that the Arcuba- lijla or <>ArbaliJl was firft foewed to the French by our King ‘Richard thefirft, who was foortly after flaine byaquarrell thereof.- Whereupon the French Poet William Briton , made thefe Verfes in the perfon of Atrapos the fatall lifter. -Hac void , non alia Richardwn morte perire. Vt qni Francigents balift&primittu vfum Tradtdit, ipfefut rem primitus experiatur : Some V —* 4 306. t Artillary. Somekindof Bricol it feerned wkleh the Englifh and Scots called an Efpringold, the fhot whereof King Edward the find e- fcaped faire at the fiege of Striuelin, where he with another en- gine named the Warwolfe pierced with one ftonc , and cut as euen as a thread, two Vauntmures, as he did before at the fiege Matt.Wcfl.ai. of Brehin ; where Thomas Mails the Scots-man fcoffed at the Englillr Artillarie,with wiping the w'all with his Handkercher, vntill both he and the wall were wiped away with a fhot. And as the ancient Romans had their Crates , Tinea, Plntei^vA fuch like , to make their approches ; fo had the Englifh in this age their Cathonfe and Sow for the fame purpofe. This Cathoufe anfwerable to the Catties mentioned by Tegetins , was vied in the fiegeof Bedford Caftle in the time ofKmg Henry the third. The Sow is yet viuall in Ireland , and was in the time of King Edward the third vied at the fiege of Dunbarf, which w'hen the Countelfe who defended the Caftle faw, fhe faid merrily, that vnleffe the Engliftnnen kept their Sow the better , Ihee would make her to call her Pigs. When a Catapult was firft fectie at I.acedemon ,Archidamui exclaimed : O Her cities , now manhood is come to an end. . But what would behaue faid, had hee feene the Canon or great Or- dinance of our age, which made all ancient engines to ocale, as lurpr lfing them all, in force, violence, impetuohty,fodainnefie 3 and fwiftnclfc , according to that of Saxo Tamphtlnts .* TisifoxitHs, rabies, mot us, fur or, impetus, ardor. Sunt me cum. Mars haeferrett* arena timet. So violent it is in breaking, tearing, brufing, renting, razing, and ruinating Walles, Towrcs, Ca files , Rampiers and all that itencounteretb ; that it might feemeto bane beene inutnted by practice of theDeuill, tothedeftmdhon of mankinde , as the cnelyenemieof true valour and manfuilcouragioufneflc, by murthering a farre of. Notwithftanding loinc there are, which thinke that hereby hath beenc the fauing of many hues , for that fieges before the^ common vfe of them continued longer, to the greater Ioffe of people, and more fields were foughtjWithllaughter of greater multi- t Artillary . 207 multitudes. At the liege of Hierufalem there were flaine and died ten hundred thouiand, at the furprifes of Maldon in Effex then called Qamalpdmwr, , and Verulam neere Saint ocke , thinke of your ancejl or s,t brake ofyourpofterity : For the Brians before the ariual ofthe Romans enioyed happy liberty, and new were in danger of mod heady flaucry. , Sex eras the Empeiour.an abfolute Lord of the mod part of this Ifle, when from meane eftatche had alcendcd to the high- ed honour , was wont to fay, 1 haue beenc all , andamne - uer the better. WhenJt'C'iay ficke of the Gout at Tor^e , and the Souldiers had'faluted Kis Ibnnethpre by the name of Auguftus as then So- ueraigne : he.got him vp, caufed the principal! pradfifers of that (act to be bidught before him, and when they pro drat c craued pardon, he laying his hand vpon his head, dud; Ton fall vnder- Jiand.thax.ymy head, and hoimy feels deth gouerne the Empire : and fnordy after ended hi's'lifeln the City oi Forks with .n?le wordy 2.rr Wife Speeches. Jk.fi. words, I found the State troublefome euery where, and I leans it quiet etten to the Britans, and the Empire fare and firme to my children ,.tf they he good, but vnfure and weak? if they bee bad: A Prince Ke^vas very induftnous, of maruellous difpatch , and fb inured in continu2lla£lion,that ac laft gafpe nelai <&, And is there any thing for me to do new? While he ruled the World was fo loofe, that three thoufand wcrsindidled at R.ome of Adultery , at which time lulta the Emprclfe blamed the wife of Argetocoz,, a NortHerne J&ntaine Lady, that the Brittilh women did not according to woman- hood carry themfelues, in accompanying with men, (for then tenor twduemen had two or three Wiues common among tbcm.J But fhc not ignorant of the Roman incondnency rep ly- ed; we acompany indeed with thebejl and brauefl men openly , - (i, m&'j. 3 -j but mofl vile and bafe companions doe vfe you fecretly. (Xu • ■ • phtliKtu. At Torino alfo did Conflantinu-i Chloms the Emperour, who being not able to furnifh Dioclc flan his confort in the Empire with fuch a Mafic of mony, as he required at that inftant, laid. He thought tt better for the common-wealth that Money fhauld be m the hands of pr mate men, then [hut vp in the Emperors Cof- fers', concurring with Traiane 3 who compared the Treafure of the Prince vnto a fpleane, that the greater it groweth , the limbes are the lefler. ( Eufebim.) His fonne fonflantine, invefted in the Empire at Torke, ( and a Britan borne as all Writers confent,befide Nicephoros, who li- ued not long fince, and now Ltpfius deceiued by the falfe prin- ted Coppy of Iul. Tirmicusf) the firii Emperour which aduan- ced the faith of Chrift, followed the humility of Chrift, for hee vfed to call the common people, His fellow fer Plants , and bre- thren of the Church of God. When a flattering Prieft (for in all ages the Clericall will flatter, as well as the Laicallj told him that his godlinelfe and vermes iuflly deferued tohauein this World the Empire of the World, and m the World to come, toraigne with the Sonne of God : The humble Emperour crycd,Fic, fe for fame, letmee heare no more fuch vnfeemly fpeecbes : but rather fuppliantly pray vnto my Almighty CMaker , that in this Ufe , and in the life Wife Speeches. z 1 3 to come , / feeme worthy to bee his feruant. Whenhefoughtbyfeuereedibfs to abelifii all heathenifh fuperftition, and laboured by godly lawes to ftablifh the true religion and feruiee; yea, and vncdfantly endevoured to draw men vnto the faith, perfwading, reproning, praying, intreating intime,outof time,publikcly and priuately : hee one day faid mcriily, yet truly-vnto the Bifbop that he had bidden to a'Ban- quet, As ye be Btfiops within the Church , fo may I alfi feeme to be a Btfiop out of the (fhurcb . Hee diflfwading one from couetoufneffe, did with his lance draw out the length and bredth of a mans graue, faying : This is all that thou [halt haue when thou art dead, if thou car.fi happily get fo much. He made a law that no Chriftian fbould bee bond-man to a lew, and if that any lew did buy any Chriftian for his flaue, he ftiould be fined therefore, and the Chriftian enfranchifed-adding this reafon : That it fioodnot with equity , that a Chr ifiian fioula be fituevnto the murderers ofChnfi. Ethelbert King of Kent, was hardly induced to embrace Chri- ftianReligion at theperfwafion of Auguflmefmt to conuert the Etiglifh Nation : but at length, being perfwaded and defirous to be baptized faid : Let vs come alfo to the King of Kings, andgi- fter ofKingdomes : it may redound to our fiame , that wee which arc fir ft in authority, (hou/d come lafi to Chrifiianity : Bnt I do be- feech that true King , that he would not refpeti the precedence in time, but deuotion of mind, [ lofcelinus . When Paulinm brought vnto Edwin King of Northumber- land , the glad tidings of the faluationof mankind by Chrifi, and preached the Gofpell vnto the King and his Nobility , zealoufly and eloquently,opening vnto them the myfteries of our faith and precepts of Chriftian Religion; one of the Lords thus fpake vn- to the King, (but fomenow happely will fmile at this fpeech,) We may aptly compare mans fiate vnto this little Robbin-Red- brefl, that is now in this coldweather herein the war me Chamber chirping and finging merrily, and as long as fie Jballremaine here , We fiall fee and vnderfiand how fiee dieth, but anon when fhe fiali befiowne hence abroad in to the wide world, and frail bee forced to feelc the bitter formes of hard winter } we fiall not know what fall become z 14 Wife Speeches* become of her: So hkemfe we fee how men fare as long as they line among vs, "but after they be dead, neither we nor our Religion hang any knowledge what becomes of them : wherefore / doe thinke it wife dome to giue eare vnto this man, who feemeth to Jhew vs, not only what fhall become of vs, but alfo how we may obtaine euerla- fling life hereafter. Beda. When Rodoald, King of the Eaft Angles, being wonnc with rewards, was flwnefully minded tohaue deliuered vnto Edel- fide, the king of Northumberland , the innocent Prince Edwin , who had fled vnto him to bee faued from the bloudy hands of Edelfride, who had vnlawfully bereft him of his Kingdome:His wife turned his intent, by telling him, that It flood not with the high and f icred flate of a King to buy and fed the bodies of men, as it were a petty-ebapman: or that which is. more dijhonorable,flaue - like to feH aw ay his faith, a thing which he ought to hold more pre- cious then all the gold and gemmes of the whole world, yea ana his owne life. Beda. Ina , King of Wefl- Saxons, had three daughters, of whom , vpona time hee demanded whether they did loue him , and fo would do during their lines aboue ail others; the two elder fware deepely they would, the yongeft, but the wifeft told her father flatly without flattery : That albeit /hee did loue, honour , and reuerence him, and fo would whilfl jhe lined, as much as nature and daughterly duty at the vttermofl could expett : Tet [hee did thinke that one day it would come to pajfe, that Jhe Jhould affeft a- nother moreferuently , meaning her Hufband,whsnfhe were mar- ried: Who being made one flefh with her, as God by Commande- ment bad told, and nature had taught her' Jhe was to cleaue fafl to, for faking father andmother, kjjfe, and kinne. [Anonimys] One referreth this to the Daughters of King Leir. ‘ ■ fi .b $?■ hfe, or difeomfityottr enemy with more felicity. But the King not liking his fpeech, anfwered: / will newer turne my backs with difhonour to the Norman , neither can I in any fort difgeft the reproach of aba fe mind: well, then beeitfo (laid fome difeontented of the company)/^ him heart the brunt that bathgiuen the occafon. [ Anonymus . s Ilham Conejuerour ,when he inuaded this Hand, chanced at his arriuall to begrauclled, and one of his fecte ftuck fo fafl: in the fand, that he fell to the ground. Wherewithal! one of his attendants caught him by the arme, and helped hi mvp, faying : Stand vp my Leige Lord, be of good cheer e, for now jou haue takenfafl footing in England i and then efpying thathee brought vp fand and earth in his hand, added : Tea andjou haue taken littery and fe'tfm of the Country : For you know that in de- liuering of liuery and feifin, a peece of the earth is taken, [Hifi. Norm &nica. A Wizard, (or a Wife-man as they then called them) had fore-told William thathee fhould fafely arriuc in England with his whole Army, without any impeachment of Harold: the ■which after it came to paffe, the King fent for the Wizard to confer further with him. But when it was told him that bee was drowned in that fhip which onely of the whole fieete irilcarn- cd; The Conquerou r faid : He would neuer make account of that fctence that profited more the ignorant then the ska full herein, for he could fore- fee my good fortune, but net his owne mifhetp. That morning that he was to ioyne battell-with Harold , Iris acmcrr put on his backer peece before, and his hrefi place be- hind?, Wife Speeches] m We, the which being efpyed by Tome that flood by, was taken among them for an ill token, and therefore aduifed him not to fight that day; to whom the Duke anfwercd : I for cenot of fitch fooleries', but if I haue any skill in South-faying, ( as infooth 1 b out of the good and hiftorical Poet , Robert of Glofieryhzt you may compare a Prin- ces pride in thatage, wivhour priuatepride,and that our firft fi~ neft Poets may ifnile at the Verfes of that time, as lucceeding a- ges, after lbmc hundred yecres will haply fmile at theirs : tsfs his Chamberlains him brought , as he rofe on a day, A morrow for to wears , a patre of Ho fe of Say : He asked what they cofined , three [hillings he feid. Fie adtbles, quoth the King, who fey fo vtle a deed: King to weare fo vile a doth, bnt it cofined more , Buy a patre for a mar he, or thou [halt ha cory fore. A worfe patre enough , the other f with him brought , And faid they cofined a marke , and vnneath he them bought : Aye bel-amy , quoth the King, thefe were wellbougt, In this manner ferue me, -other tte ferue me not. Hitherto may be referred that of this KingWtlliam, who the morning before he was Paine with an Arrow in hunting , told his company he dreamed the laft night before, that an extreame cold winde paffed through his fidcs : whereupon fomc diffwa- ded him to hunt that day ; but hee refolued to the contrary an- fwering , T hey are no good Chrtfiians that regard dreames. But he found the dreame too true, being foot through the fide by Walter Ttrrill. [Fragmentunt antiqua hifiorU Franc, h P. Pi - thao edtium. Henry the firft Ihaue read no memorable Ipcech, but what 1 haue read I will report. He was by common voycc of the people commended for his wifedome, eloquence, and P 4 vi£to- 1Z4 Wife Speeches. . vi&ories, difpraylcd for couetoufneffe, cruelty and lechery : Of which lie left proofc by his fixteene Baftards. But it leemeth that his iufticc was deemed by the co.mmon people to be crudi- ty, for the learned of that age furnamed him the Lyon of Iufticc, \_Huntingd. Polycraticon, Gemeticenfts, It was the cuftome of the Court in the time of King Henry the firft, that bookes, billes, and letters fopuld be drawne , and figned for feruitors in the Court, concerning their owne matters, without fee. But at this time Truftane the kings Steward, or Le De fencer, as they then called him, from whom the family oft he Lord Spencers came, ^exhibited to the king a complaint, aginft sldam of Yarmouth, Clarke of the Signet, fot that he re- fufed to figne without fee a bill paffed for him. The king firft heard Turftane , commending the old cuftome at large,and char- ging the Clarke for exading, Ibmewhat contrary thereunto, foi palling his booke.Themhe Clarke wasbeard,who briefly faid, Ireceiued the booke, and lent vnto your Steward defiring him only to bellow of me two fpice Cakes , made for your owne mouth, who returned anfwere ; He would not, and thereupon I denyed to ieale hisbooke. The king greatly difliked the Ste- ward for returning that Negatiue, and forthwith made Adam fit downevpon the bench, with th'efeale and Turftane s booke before him, but compelled the Steward to pHt off his- elftake, to fetch two of his beft fpice Cakes for the kingi owne mouth, to bring them in a faire white Napkin, and with low curtfie to prefent them to ^^#the.Clarke ;*|$uch being ac- cordingly performed , the king commanded ^ftdam to feale and dchuer him his booke, and made them friends,, adding this fpcech , Officers of the Court muft gratiffe , and fhew a caft of their office , not enely one to another : but alfo to all ftr angers ,,whcnfteuer needeftiall require ,\Gnal term JILapes. *De nugis Curiahum. There was allowed a pottle af wine for liucry cuery night to bcferuedvpto king Henry thefirfts Chamber, but becaule thekingdidfeldomeorneuerYletodrinke in the night, Paine Fttz,-Iehn, his Chamberlaine , and the Pages of the Chamber did carowle the wine among them. On a time it happened', the king at midnight called for wine, but none was to bee founds fak s Wife Speeches,. ’ 2.25 Tattle and the Pages beftirred themfekes in vaine'fcclring wine here and there. Paine was called in to the King, who asked him if there were notallowancc for liucrie t hce humbly anfyvcred rhattfiere was a pocdeallowed eucry night, but for that hce.ne- uer called for it (to fay the truth in hope of pardon) we druake k vp amongfi vs :Then (quoth the King)haue you but one pot- tle euery night ? th afeis too fbort for meeand you, from hencc- forthe there fhall be'a whole gallon allowed, whereof the one pottle fhall be for me, the other for you. and yours. This ! note, notforany grauitie, but that the King in that age was com- mended herein both for. bounty and ciemencie. [ Gualterus Mopes. Queene Maud, wife to King Henry the firft of England, and daughter . to Malcolme CawwzareKingof Scotland , was (b de- voutly religious, that Ihe would goe to Church bare-foote,and alwayesexercifeher felfc in workes of charitie , infomuch, that when Hauid her brother came out of Scotland to vifit her , hee found her in her priuie chamber with a towell about her mid- dle, wafhing, wiping and killing poote peoples feete,whichhe difliking, Hi&,Vertly if the King your husband fnewthis , you Jbould neuer lyjfe bis lippes. Shereplyed ‘, That the feete of the King of heauen are to hee preferred before the bps of a King in earfh. [ Gut l Malmef. ejr Mattb. Paris,. Simon'Deane of Lincolne , who for his courtlrke carriage was called to Court, and became a fauorite of this King Henry, Was wont lam cafi among Courtiers , as fait among quicks Eeles ; for that helalted, powdered and made them ftirre with his fait and fharpe quipping fpeeches. But what faith the A u- thor, who reporteththis ot him; The fait lofl his feafon by the •moyflure of the Eeles, and was cafl cut on the dunghill: For he in- curring hatred in Court, was diforaced^committed^andat Ufi ba- mjhed. [ Henr. Huntingdon in EpiftolaT**** J \ 7 Hen the Scottes (in the time of King Stephen): with V V a great Army England, the Northerne peo- ple brought to the field the Earle of Albemarle , the onely ie.= ipefted heire of thofe parts in his Cradle, and placed him by the ii 6 Wife Speeches. the Standard, hoping thereby to animate the people: But J \alph Bifhop of Durefme animated them more with this faying, Aft fureyour felues , that this multitude nst trained by dt fcip line wiU he comber fome to it felfe in good fucceffe,and in dtftrejfe eaftly dift comforted. Which prooued accordingly, for many Scottifli men left their carcafes in the field. [ Hiftoriola de Standardo . "V/J And the Emprefie, daughter and heire of this King Henry the firth , which ftiled her felfe Lady of the EngliChmeni would often fay to her Sonne King Henry the lecond ; Be bafiy in nothing', Hawkes are made more femiceable , when yee make faire Jhewes of offering meate often , and yet rvith-boldit the lon- ger. [ Gualterns Maps. 'Other Maximes of her , In arte Reg - nandi, proceeding from a niggilh old wife I wittingly omit , as vnbefitting a Prince. "Robert Earle of G louse ft tr , bale Sonne to King Henry the firft, the oncly martiall man of England in his age,vfed Stephen Beauchamp with all grace and countenance , as his onely fauc- rite zndprtuado, to the great difiike of all his followers. Where- upon when he was diftrefifed in a conflitft, hecalled to lomc of his company for helpe, but one bitterly bade him, Cad now to your Stephen. "Pardon mee, pardon mee, replyeth the Earle j In matters ofvenery I muft vfe my Stephen, but in Martiall affaires l rely wholly vponyou. [ Gualter Mapes de Nugis Cnrialium . H Enry the fecond caufed his eldcft Son Henry to bee crow- ned King , and that day ferued him at the table. Where- upon the Archbifhop of Yorke faid vnto the yong King , Tour .Maieftiemay reioycefor there is neuer a Prince in the world, that hath this day fitch a waiter at his table as you hi ue. Wonder you fo much at that my Lord (faid theyoung Kin g) and doth my fa r ther thinke it an abafementfor him being defended ffroyall blend onely by his Mother , to ferue mee at the table , that bane both a King to my Father , and a Queene to my Mother ? Which proud Ipeech when the vnfortunare Father heard , hee rounded the Archbifhop in the Earc, and laid ; I repent me, I repent mee of Wife Speeches^ izy nothing more then of vntimely admncsments. {tAonymtts-. Wtmund Rifhop of the Ide ox'CMan, in the tirrieof King Stephen, a Maitiall Prelate (as many were in that age) after hee had with many aa inro.de annoyed tlie ,Swt;,fonie Englifh pro* cured by them, fuddenly apprehended him, put out his eyes and gelded him (as my Author faith)forthe peace of the King- dome, not fortheKingdome of heauen. Who after retiring himfelfe to to the Abbey of Btland'm Yorkefsire, would often couragioufly fay ,Had I bat a Sparrows eye, mine enemies fhonld never carry tt away fcot-free. { Newbrigenjts . When King Henry the fecond was at Saint Hauls in V/des, and from the Cliffes there in a cleere day difeouered the coaft of Ireland, that moft mighty Monarch of this Realme, find; I with my Jhips am able to make a bridge thither, if it bee no fur- ther : Which fpeech of his being related to Mur chard King of Lemfier in Ireland, he demanded if he added not to his fpeech ( with the grace of God ) when it was anfwered that he made no mention of God : Then faid He more cheerefully, I feare him lejfe whch trufieth more to himfelfe , then to the helpe of God I Giraldus Cambrenjis , Owe not Keueltoc Prince of ‘Towns , admitted to f he Table of Henry the fecond at Shrewsbury, the King the more to grace him, reached him one of .his owneloau.es, • which he tutting in frnall pieces, and fetting them as farre off as he could reach, did cate very leafurely. When the King demanded what he meant thereby, he anfwered, I doe as you my Soueraine , meaning that the King in like manner tooke the fruition of offices and fpiritn- all preferments, as long as he mig ht. [ Giraldus. The fame King Henry returning out of Ireland, arriued at S. Hauls in Wales , where it was fignified vnto him that the Con- querour of Ireland returning that way,fhould dye vpon a ftone called Lech-la ner , neere the Church-yard : whereupon in a great prefence he paffed ouer it, and then reprooiiing the Welfh Britans credulity in Merltnes Prophehes , faid; Now who will hereafter Credit that lyar Merline ? {Giraldus. Gilbert Foliot Blfhopof London , difliking Thomas Bechet Archbifhop of Cantcrbury^oaXAlzy oftentimes, Ad Zacha- nm non divert ijfet Dominos Vifi de Jtcomrro iam defeendsffet * That i i 8 Wife Speeches. That Z achates had naier entertained and lodged Chrift, vnleffc hechad come downe from the Fig-tree; As though Chrift could neucr like t he lofty , vntill they would humiliate them- fclucs. and come downe. [zAnonymns but to his Caftle of bones : Meaning his body, [ c jVtarle- brigenjis. Tobert Blanchmaines Earle of Leicefter , was wont to lay S otter aigne Princes are the true types or refemblances of Gods true Mate ft te , in which relpeft (faith mine Author) treafon againft the Princes perfon, was called Crimen {JWaieftatif [ Polycraticon. Pope <*Adrian the fourth an Englifh man borne , of the fa- mily of Breakefleare in Middlefcx , a man commended for con- certing Wife Speeches. itij uertlng Norway to Chriftianity , before his Papacie, but noted in his Papacie, for vfing the Emperour Frederick? the fecond as his Page , in holding his ftirrop , demanded of Iohn Sarisbury hisCountreyman , what opinion the worldhad of the Church of "Rome, and of him , who anfwered ; The Church of Rome which fhouldbe a mother ,is now a fiep-mother , wherein fit both Scribes and Pharifes ; and- at for your J'elfe, when as youai e afa- t her, why doe you expert penfi ons from your children ? (jrc. Adri- an fmiled, and after fome excufes told him this tale, which albe- it it may ieeme long, and is not Ynlike that of Menenim Agrip- pa in the Roman Hiftorie, yet giue it the reading, and haply you may Iearne fomewhat by it. tAH the members of the body con- jpired againfl the fiomacke, at again ft the f wallowing gulfeof all their labours • for whereas the eyes beheld, the eares heard, the hands laboured, the feete trauailed,the tongue fpake, and all parts performed their functions, onelythe fiomacke lay idle and con fu- med all. Hereupon they ioyutly agreed all tofobcare their labors , and to pine away their laz,ie and publike enemy. One d iy pajfed fi- lter, the fecond followed very tedious, but the third day toot fo gr te- nons to them all, that they called a common counfell ; The eyes waxed dimme, the feete could not fupport the body ,t he armes wax- ed laz.ie , the tongue faltered and could not lay open the matter ; Therefore ihey all with one accord defer ed the aduice of the heart. There Reafon laid open before them , that he againfl whom they had proclaimed warres , wasthecaufe of all this their mifery: For he is their common fieward , when his allowances were with- drawn, of necefeltie withdrew theirs from them , as not receiuing that he might allow. Therefore it were a far re better courfe to fupply him, then that the limbes fhould faint with hunger. So by the perfwafeon of Reafith , the fiomacke was fierued , the limbes comforted, and peace re-eflablifhed. Euen fo it fare th with the bo- dies of Common-weales,for albeit the Princes gat hermuch , yet not fo much for themfelues , a* for others : So that if they want, they cannot fupply the want of others; therefore doe not repine at Princes herein, but refpetl the common good of the whole publike efiate. [ Idem . Oftentimes would he fay, All his preferments neuer added a- tty one tot to his happineffe or yuietnejfe. [ Idem. He z'ifO Wife Speeches. He alio (that I may omit other of hisfpeeches) would fay The Lord hath dilated me by hammering me tv on the zHnui/d, bur / be fee eh him he would vnderlay his hand to the vnfupporta-. hie burden which he hath laid vpon me. [ Idem. \7"^7'Hen it was fignified vnto K. Richard the firft, fon to the Y Y forefaid K.Henry, fitting at fupper in his pailace at Weft- minfier , (which wee call the old Pailace now) that the French King befieged his towne of Vernoil in Normandy: he in greatnes of courage, protefted in thefc words, Ijeotll neuer turne my backe vn till I haue confronted the French : For performance of which his princely word, he caufed the wall inhis Pailace at 0efimiri~ per to be broken downc diredtly towards the South, polled to the coaft, and immediatly into Normandy , where the very re- port of his fuaden arriuall, fo terrified the French,that they rai- led the fiege, and retired themfelues. [Tpodigma. The fame King Richard purpofing an expedition into the holy Land, made money at all hands , and among other things fold vnto Hugh Pudfey, Biflhop of Durham, the Earledome of Northumberland, merrily laughing when he inuefted him , and faying ; Am not I cunning and my craft f ■ mafler , that can make ayeung Earle of an oldBijhop ? But this Prelate was fit to bee an Earle, for the world (as one of that age laid of him) was not crucifix us to him , but infix us in him. [ Lib. Dmelm. One Fulkc a Frenchman , of great opinion for his holinefle, told this King Richard chat he kept with him three daughters, that would procure him the wrath of God, if he did not fhort- ly riddc himfelfe of them, why Hypocrite (quoth the King) all the world knoweth that 1 neuer had Child : Tea (laid Fulke ) you haue m I Jaid, three ; and their names are ‘Pride , Couetoufnejfe and Lechery. Is it jo (faid the King )you J. hall fee mee prefently beftew them : the Knights Templers Jhallhaue Pride , the white Alonkes Couetoufneffe ,and the Clergy Lecherie ; and there bat/e j ou my three Dane hi ers be flowed among you. W hen there was a faire opportunity offered vnto this' King Richard, and to Hugh Dakc of Burgundy for the furprizeof lerufy.lem, they marched forward. in two battailes from Acres. The Wife Speeches . ±3 1 The King of "England ledthefirft, the Duke of Burgundy the othe; ; when they approached, the Duke c-f Burgundy enuying the glory of the Englifh, fignified ro the King of England, that he would retire with his company, becaufe it fhould not be faid that the Englifh had taken Ientfalem. While this meffage was deliuering, and the King grieuing that fo gloriousan enterprizc was fo ouerthwarted by enuie ; one amongft the Englifh com- panies cryed aloud to theKing, and faid - Sir , fir , come hither andlwill Jhew you lerufalern. But King Richard caft his coate of armes before his face, and weeping ,vttered thefe words with a loud voyce ; Ah my Lord God , I befeech thee that I may not fee thy holy City of lerufalern • when oa I ant not abls to delkier it cut of the handt of the enemies, {fan Sire de Ionvtlle in the life of S .Lewes,capqo. This Author alfb giueth this teftimonie of the faid King, in the eight Chapter of the faid Booke. This Prince was of fuch prowejfe , that he was more feared and redoubted , a- mongfl the Sarazens. then euer rv as any prince (fhriflian. In fo much that when as their little Infants beganne to cry , there mou- thers would fay to make them hold their peace ; King Richard commeth, and will haue you , and immediatly the little children hearinghim named, would forbear e crying : And like wife the Turkcs zv\dSaraz,ens , when their horfes at any time ttarted, would put Spurretothem, and fay; what you iades, you thmke King Richard is here ? When the fame King Richard had fortunately taken in a skirmifb, Phthp the martiall E ifoop of Beauoys, a deadly enemy of his 3 he caft him in prifon with bolts vpon his heeles , which being complained of vnto the Pope, hee wrote earneftly vnto him, not to detainehis Meerefonne , an Ecclefiafticall perfon, and a Shcepeheardof the Lords, but to iendhimbacke vnto hisflocke. Whereupon theKing feat him backe the armour that hee was taken in , and willed his Embafladour tovfethe words of Idcobs Tonnes vnto their father, when they had fold a- way their brother Iofeph,Hanc inuenimus, vide vtrum tunica fi-. lij tut Jit , an non : This we found fee whether it be the coats of thy fonne, or no. Nay (quoth the Pope) it is not the coate of my Jon, nor of my brother, but fome Impe of Mars , and let him procure his deltuery if he will, for I will be no me an e for him . When ■ Wifi Speeches. When the French King and King Richard thefirft beganne toparleeof peace, hi*brother Iohn who had falfely and vn- naturally reuolted vnto the French King, fearing himlelfc,came in of his owne accord, and fuppiyantly befought Richard bro- therly to pardon his manifold offences, that he had vnbrothcrly committed againft him; he rehearfed the ftraight league of bro- therly pietie, he recounted the many merits of his brother,hee bewailed with teares that hitherto he had beenc vnmindefullof them, as an vnnaturall and vnthankefull perfon. Finally, that he doth Iiue, and fhall liue, he doth acknowledge that hee hath re- cciued it at his hands.The King being mollified with this hum- ble fubmiftion, faid : God grant that 1 may as cafily forget y out offences, as yon may remember wherein yon bane offended., I N the wofull warres with the Barons, when King Iohn was viewing of the Caftle ofRochefter held againft him by the Earle of Arundel, he was efpied by a very good Arcubaliftcr, who told the Earle thereof, and faid , that hee would loone di- fpatch the crucll tyrant, if he would but fay the word; God for- hid vi/e varlet (quoth the Earle )that we fhould procure the death of the holy one of God. What (faid the Souldier) he would not fpare you if he had you at the like aduantage. No matter for that (quoth the Earle) G odsgood will be done , and he wtU dtjpofe thereof, and not the King. [ JHatth Parte. When one about him fhewed him where a Nobleman that had rebellioufly borne armes agaift him lay very honourably entombed, and aduiled the King to deface the Monument , hee faid ; No, no, but I would all the reft of mine enemies were as ho- nourably buried. [ Idem. When diuerfe Greeks camt hither and offered to proue that there were certaine errors in the Church of England at that time, heieie&ed them, laying ; I will not fuffer our fa/th eftabli- Jhed to be called in cjusftion with doubt fuddijputations. [Frangm. antiejuum editum a P. Pithao. Yet when the faid King Iohn faw a fat Buckehaunched,hee faid prophanely to the ftanders by , See how faire and fat this Ruche is, andyet he neuer heard Maffe all his life long. But this may Wife Speeches'. 133 may be forged to his difgrace by the enuious. [ Matth. Paris • I N a folemne conference betweene King Henry the third of England, and Saint Lewis King of France, the onely deuout King of that age, when the French King faid , Hee had rather heare Sermons, then heare Maffes. Our King replyed , (which feme will finHe at now > but according to the learning of that time) That he had rather fee his louing friend (meaning the re- all prefence of Chrift in the Sacrament ) then to heare neuer f© much good of him, by others in fermons. This I note becaufe it was then thought facetious, which I doubt not but fbme will now condemneas fuperftitious. [ Guil.RiJh.mger • Perckham that Opticall Archbifhop of Canterbury , who writ 'PerfpeEltua Communis, when Pope Gregory the tenth, who had created him Archbifhop , commanded him to pay foure thoufand Markes within foure moneths,vnder paine of excom- munication; hee that came vnto the See then deepely indebted, faid; Behold, you kaue created me , and as a creature doth defire to be perfected by his creator , fo I doe in my opprefsions file vats your holynejfe to be recreated, [o/frehiep. Cantrnr. Sewall Archbifhop otTorke, much agrieued with fome pra- dfifes of the Popes colledlors in England , tookeall patiently, and faid ; I -mil not with Cham difeeuer the nakednejfe of my Fa- ther, but couer and concealed with Sem.hs Conflanttne the great faid, that he would couer the faults of Bifhops and Fathers of the Church with his Imperiall robe. [Mat. Paris, Pope Irtnocentim the fourth, when he offered the Kingdoms of Skill and Naples to RichardFLixXz of Cornewall, with many impoffible conditions. Ton might as well (faid the Earles Agent at Rome ) fay to my Lord and CMafler , I fell or giue you the Moone , climbe vp, catch it, and take it. [. Anonymus qui incipit. Rex PiElorum. e. Alexander fucceflfor to Innocentius, fent vnto the faid Earle Richard to borrow a great maffe of money ; but the Earle an- fwered, I wiU not lend to my fuperiour , vpon whom I cannot di - firaine for the debts. This Richard is reported by the faid Au- thor to haue had fo great treafure, that hee was able to difpend Q_ for 234 Wife Speeches. for ten yeercs an hundred Markcs a day, which according to the . Standards of that time was no fmall fumme. [ Idem. In the raigne offKing Henry , a Bifhop of London floutly withflood the Popes Nuncio would haue leuied exa&ions of the Clergie : Whereupon the Nuncio complained vnto the King, who fhortly menaced the Bifhop, and told him he would caufe thcPope to plucke his Peacocks taile : but the Bi„ fliop boldly anfwered the King, that the Pope and hec being too ftrong for him , might bereaue him of his Bifhoprike , by might, but neuer by right; and that although they tooke a- way his Mitre , [yet they would lcaue him hisMelmet. [ Liber Cantuar. Wicked rather then wittie is that of a-Deane high treafurer of England, that had demeaned himfelfe fo well in his office, that when he dyed, hce made this wicked vvill ; I bequeathe all my goods and pojfefsions vnto my liege Lord the King, my body to the earth , and mj foule to the Deuill. [ Idem . XJT7 Hen Edward the firft heard of the death of his onely V V fohne, h e tooke it grieuoufly as a father, but patient- ly as a wife man. But when hee vnderftood fhortly after of the departure of his father King Henry the third,he was wholly de- leted and comfortleffe : whereat when (^harles King of Sidle, with vv horn hee then foiourned in his returnefrom the Holy land, greatly maruelled , hee fatisfied him with this , God mAy fend more Sonnes , but the death of a Father is irrecouerable. \Walfingham, This is that King Edward the firft, who as in lineaments ©f body hec furpaffed all his people, being like Saul, high- er then any of them ; fo in prudence* conioynca with valour and induliry , he excelled all our Princes , giuing thereby fure anker-hold to the gouernement of this Realme, wauing vp and downe before moll: vneertainely. Which hee effedled not fo much by eftablifhinggood Lawes , as by giuing life vnto his Law'es, by due execution. Xnd as my Author faith, Indices po~ tiffmum iudtcans quo s con ft it mt indices aliorum. Who addeth alfo this of him ; Nemo m confiliu illo argutior , in elequioter - rentier* Wife Speeches] 2.35 rentier, In per iculis fccurior, in prefer is earn tor , in 'aduerjis con* jfantior. [ Commendatio lament abdis in tranftu Regis Ed. i . Whereas the Kings of England, before his time, vied to weare their Crowne vponall folemne Feaft dayes,he firft omitted that cuftome, faying merily, That Crowncs doe rather oner ate , then honour Prince •/. [/ dem traBatm. When a fimple religious man feeing him mcanely attired, wondering thereat, asked him, why he being fo potent a Prince, ware fo fimple a finite, he anfwered ; Father, father , you know how God regardeth garments jvhat can I dee more in roy all robes? then m this mj gabbardine ? [.Idem, When the Clergy pretending a difeharge by a Canon lately aiade at the Counfell held at Lyons in France , would contri- bute nothing to the temporall neceflities of King Fdward, hee faid vnto them in Parliament, Seeing you doe refufe to helpe mee, / will alfo refufe to helfe you, &c. If you denie to -pay tribute to me as vnto your Prince , I will ref ufe to proteB you as my fubieBs; and therefore if you be fpoyled, robbed , maimed and murthered , feekefor no fuccour nor defence of me or mine. The Pope font an iniunfition vnto the fame Edward, the which wasdeliuered vntohiminone of his ioumies againft the fau- tors of Iohn BaBol King of Scotland , the tenour of it was, that he fhould furceafe to difquiet the Scots, which were anexempt nation, and properly appertaining to the^Rpman Chappell, x wherefore the City of Ierufalem could not but defend her Citi- zens, and helpe them that did truft in the Lord, like Mount Si- on. He had no fooner read it, but rapping out an oath, faid; I will not hold my peace for Sion nor Ierufalems refi,as long as there is breath in my body , but will profe cute my tuft right knewne vnto all the world , and defend it to the death. [ ThoWalfingham . When Iohn Earle of Atholl nobly defoended, who had with other murthjred Iohn Comin , was apprehended by King Ed- ward the fir ft, and fome intreated for him ; The King anfwered, T he higher his calling is the greater mufl his fill be; and as he is of higher parentage , fo befall be higher hanged : which accor- dingly was performed, for he was hanged on a Gallow'es fifty foote high. [ Florilegut. When as in fiege of the Caftle of Stnuelm In Scotland, King Qjs Edward / 9 2.3 6 Wife Speeches". Edward the firft, by his ouer-forwardneffc was often indange- red, fome aduifed him to haue more regard to his perfon , hee anfwered them with that of David in the Pfalme , A thovfand fl:allfallat my fide , and ten thovfand at my right hand, but it /hall not come neere me. [ Flortlegns . When the learned Lawyers of the Realme were confulted in a caule by him , and after long confutation did not fatisfic him, he faid, (as Kings impatient of delayes may be bold with their Lawyers ) My Lawyers are long aduifng and never advi~ fed. [ Frolilegm . As for other fpeeches of his I willingly and witingly ouerpafie. Eleanor, W\k to King Edward the fir ft, a raoft vertuous & wife woman, when he tooke his long and dangerous voyage into the holy Land, would not beediffwaded to tarry at home, but would needcs accompanyhim, laying; Nothing mufi part them fing ComicallGreeke Poet, which curleth himfelfe if euerhee opened his mouth againft women, inferring albeit Medea were wicked , yet Penelope was peerelefle : If Clytemneftra were naught, yet Alcefies was palling good : If Phadra were dam- nable, yet there was another laudable. But here (faith he) I am at a Hand, of good women I finde not one more, but of the wic- ked I remember thoufands. Refhrew thisfeoffer, yee good wiues all, and let this curfe fall vpon him, for ofy our kinde may many a million be found, yea, of our owne countrey, and that I may referue other to a fitter place , I will (hew vnto you a rare example in this Quecne of England , a moft lousng and kinde wife, out of Rodericks Sam El vs not mentioned by our Hiftorians. When King Edward the firft was in the Holy land , hee was ftabbed with a poyfoned Dagger by a Sarazen, and through the rancor of the poyfon, the wound was iudged incurable by kisPhyfitians. This good Queeno Eleanor his wife, who had accompanied him in that iourney , endangering her owne life , inlouing aftedtion faued his life , and eternized her owne honour. For Ihe daily and nightly fucked out the ranks poyfon. which Wife Speeches. iyp which {owe made fwecte to her, and thereby efife&ed that which no Art durft attempt ; to his fafety, her ioy, and the comfort of all England. So that well worthy was fhee to bee remembred by thofe croffes as monuments, w hich in Head of Statues were ereded by her husband to her honour at Lincolne , Grantham , Stanford, Geddington , Northampton, Stony Stratford, Dmfta-> hie. Saint Albanes , Waltham and Weflminfier called Charing erojfe, all adorned with her Armes of faflile , Leon , and the County of ‘Pontiuc , which by her right was annexed to the Crowne of England. Egbert Winchelfey, the Archbifhop of Canterbnrie was ba~ nifhed by King Edward the firft, but afterward reftored againe by him, and all the rents that had beene fequeftred during his abfence , repayed him : whereby hce became the richeft Arch- bifhop that had beene in that featc before him : Wherefore of- ten recording his troubles he would fay ; Aduerjitie neuer har- tsth, where no inicjmtte oner-rnleth. [ Liber Cantuar. William do tJMarch , Lord Treafurer vnto King Edward the firft, jCgufed all the treafurc throughout all the Land, that was layed vp in the Monafleries and Churches , to be at one inftant violently taken away by military men, laying y It is better that money fhould be mooning , and according to the name bee currant, andgoe ah' oade to the vfe of the people fhen refiing in chefs with - out frutf and occupation * concurring in this laft point with a Maxima of the Viurers hall. O F King Edward the fecond I find nothing memorable, but that which griefe and great indignitie wreafted from him, when Corncy and his ralcall rabblements after his depofition, would needes fhaue him on the way, left her fhould beknowne and refehewed. They enforced him to fit downe vpon a mole- hill, and the knaue Barber infuking ,' told him that cold water taken out of the next ditch fhould lerue for his trimming at that time. He anfwered, whether yon will or no , there fall bee warme water : and there withall hee fheddingteares plentifully, verified his words. [ Thom, de la More. After the battaile of Teniers , lama Lord t/indley was- O4 brought 2.38 Wife Speeches. brought to the Blacke-Prince in a Litter mo ft grieuoufly wounded, for he had carry cd himfelfc moft valliantly that day. To whom the Prince with due commendations ; gaue for his feruice foure hundred Markes of yeerely reuenewes.Thc which he returning to his Tent, gaue as frank cly to his foureEfquires, that attended him in the battailc : whereof when the Prince was aduertifed, doubting that his gift was contemned as too little for fo great good feruice; the Lord Audley fatisfied him with this anf were ; I mttfi doe for them who deferred befl of me.Tbefe my Efjmers f me d my life amidfl the enemies. And God be than- ked, l bane fuffeitnt reuenewes left by my ancefiors to maintaine me inyonr feruice. Whereupon the Prince praifing his prudery cie and liberality, confirmed his gift made to his Efquires , and aftigned him moreouer fix hundred Markes of like land in Eng- land. [Frojfard. William Wickham after Bifihop o Iwinchefier , came into the feruice, and alfo into the' great fauour of K.Edward the third, by being Ouerfeer of his great workc at Windefor, whereas before he ferued as a poore Parifh Prieft. Wherefore hee caufed-to be f ti written in one of his Windowes , This worke made Wickham j» 14- • which being told vnto the King, hee was offended with Wick? ham, as though hee had gone about to robbe him of the glory of that magnificent worke. But when Wickham ^ told him - that his meaning was, that that worke hadbeene his making, and aduancement, the King refted contented and fatisfied. [.Vi- ta Wiccami. When the faid William Wickham ( as it is commonly laid ) fried vnto Edward the third for the Bifhopricke diwinchefier, the King told him that he was vnmeece fet it , becaufe hee was vnlearned, but he laid ; In recommence thereof I will make many learned men. The which he performed indeede. For hee foun- ded New-Colledge in Oxford, and another in Winchefler, which houfes haue affoorded very many learned men both to the Church and to the Common-wealth. When Henry of Lanotfier (furnamed the Good Earle of Darby) had taken, 1 541. Bigeracin Gafcoine, hee gaue and granted to cuery Souldier, the. houfc which euery onefhould feizevpon, with aft therein. A certaine Souldier of his , brake into - ■ < x ^ 2 . Wife Speeches. into a Mint-mafters houfe, where hee found fo great a maflfe of money, that hee amazed therewith ( as a prey greater then'his defert or defire) fignified the fame vnto the Earle , who with a liberal! minde, anfwered ; It is nat for my ft ate to flay Boy es flay, to giue and take ; take thou the money , if it were thrice as ptuch , \_Walfinyham. When newes was brought vnto King Richard the fecond, that his V ncles oCTorke and G'oucefter, the Earles of ArundeU, Warmcke, Darby and Nottingham, with other of that fadiion, who fought to reforme the miforders of the King, or rather of Jhis Counfellors,were affembled in a wood nearevnto the court; after he had asked other mens opinions, what was to be done in Co weighty and doubtfull a cafe. At length hee merrily deman- ded of one Sir Hugh a hinne , who had beenc a good military man in his dayes, but was then fomewhat diferadd of his wits, what he would aduife him to doe : lffue cut (quoth Sir Hugh ) and let vs fet vpon them, and flay them euery mothers fonne ; and by Gods eyes, when thou haft fo done , thou haft killed all the faith* full friends thou haft in England. [ Attonymut. J^Ing Henry the fourth, a wife Prince, who full well knew the humour of theEnglifh, in his admonition to his fonne, at his death, faid ; Of Englifhmen l fo long as they haue wealth and riches, fo longjhalt thou bane obey fance; but when they bee posre, then they be alwayes ready to make infurreUions at euery moti- on. [ Hall. King Henry the fourth, during his fickneffe, caufed his crown to be fet on his pillow, at his beds head , and fnddenly his paine fo fore troubled him, that he lay as though his vitall fpirits had beene from him departed : Such Chamberlaines as had the care and charge of his body, thinking him to be dead , couered his face with a linnen cloth. The Prince his fonne being thereof ad uertifed, entred into the Chamber and tooke away the Crowne, and departed. The Father being fuddenlyreuiued out of his trance, quickly perceiued that his Crowne was taken away :and vnderftandiug that the Prince his fonne had it, caufed him to repairs 140 Wife Speeches. repair e to his prefence, requiring of him for w hat caufe he had fo mifufeci himlelfc. The Prince with audacitie anfwered ; Sir, to mine and ad mens tudgements , you fiemed dead in this world, whereof / , as jour next and apparant heire , tooke that as mine owne, not as jours. JVell faire fonne ( laid the King with a great figli) what right I had to it, and how 1 eniojed it , God knoweth . Well (quoth the Pi ince) if you die King,! will bane the Garland \ and trufl to keeps it with the fword agatnfl all mine enemies as you hauedone. I Had • j^Ing Henry the fift,when he prepared warres againfi: France , the Dolphin of France fent him a prefent of Tar is Balles, in derifion : but he returned for anfwer, That bee would Jhortljre - fend him L ondon Fades, which fhould /hake Tar is wallet . [fine- njmut ^Anglice. When King Henry the fift had giuen that famous ouerthrow vnto the French at aAgmccun , hee fell downe vpon his knees, and commanded his whole army to doe the lame , faying that VerfeinthePfalme : Non nobis T>omine, non nobis ,fed nomi- ni tuo dagloriam ; Not vnto ys (O Lord) not vs , but vnto thy name giue the glory. H Enrj the fixt did take all injuries , whereof hee rceeiued plenty, (b patiently, that hee not oncly did not leeke to re- uenge them, but Gaue God thankes that he did fend them to pu- mfh his fnnes in this life , that hee might efcape punifhment in the life, to come, [fit a Henrici fexti. As the Emperour the third, when hee heard of the detth of a great Noble man of Aaftria , who liued ninety three yeeres moft wickedly in flefhly pleafures , and yet neuer once affli&ed with griefe or fickneffe, faid ; This prooueth that which Di nines teach , that after death there is fome place where we recciue reward or punifhment, when we fee often in this world neither the tuft rewarded nor the wicked pumfhed. The lame King Henry hauing in Chriftmalfe a fhew of yong women, with their bare breafts laid out jprefented before him, he Wife Speeches, 2.41 he immccHatly departed withthefe wor ds,Fie,fieforfhame,for- foothyou be tea blame. [Idem. He recciuing on a time a great blow by a wicked man, which compared his death, he only laid, Ferfooth,forfoothyou do f ovely to fmite a King annointed. Not long before his deat'n s being demanded why he had fo long held the Crowne of England vniuftly, herepiyed, My father Wits King »f England , quietly enioymg the Crowne all hisraigne , and hi* Father, my Grandjire, was alfo King of England , and / p~ right in heart. [Idem. Thomas Montacute, Earle of Salisbury , when hee befieged Orleans , and bad fo enforced it, that the Inhabitants were wil- ling to articulate, and to yeeld them fellies to the Duke of Bur- gundy, rhen feeing in his company: he highly draining it, laidfin the Englifh Prouerbe; I will not beate the bufh , and another fhall bane the Birds. Which proucrbiall fpeech fo oft ended thcBur- gundian,that it wh©lly alienated his mind from the Englifh , to. their great Ioffe in all the French warres following. [ Panins &/£- mtlim hb 10. John Lord Talbot ,f\xfd Earle of Shrew (bury of th at family, furpriied vpon thefodaine by the French Army at Chajlihonfzv from cowardly feare of death, and fatherly affedted to his fonne the Lord-Life, who would not forfake him in that danger , ad- uiled him to flye, faying ; My death in refpecl of my former ex- ploits, cannot be but honourable ; and in re fpett of thy youth, nei- ther can it be honourable for thee to dye, nor difhoneurable to fly e. But this yong Lord in height of courage, nothing degenerating from fo worthy a father, loft his life with his father in the field, and with them a bafe fonne, and a fonne in law of the faid Earles. IPaulus tAdmilms Lib. 10. & Commentary Py PP. 2. Lib. 6 . After this battell, when the flames of inward warre began to ftafhout in England, the Martiall men of England were called home 2 * 42 . Wifi Speeches. home out of France, to maintaine the failions hecre: at which time a French Captaine fcoffingly asked an Englifh-man, when they would returne agame into France. He anfwcred feelingly, and vpona true ground : when your finr.es Jhall bee greater and more grieuous in the fght of God, then ours are now. «[ Vntill this time, from the beginning of King Edward the firft, which was about an hundred an fixty yeeres, whofoeuer will with a marking eye,confider the comportment of the Eng- lifh Nation, the concurrent of martiail men, their Councels, mi- litary difeipline, defignes, a&ions and exploits , not onely out of our owne Writers, but alfoforraigne Hiftorians; cannot but ac- knowledge, that they were men of efpeciall worth , and, their pro weffe both great and glorious. W hy afterward it fhould de- cay, as all other profeffions , which euen like plants haue their times of beginning or in rooting, their growing vp , their flou- riQiing, their maturity, and then their fading, were adifquift- tion for the learned. Whether it, proceed eth from celeftiall in- fluence, or thofe Angels which Plato makes, or the Secttndei which Trithemitts imagined to haue the regiment of the World fuccefliuely, or from the degenerating of numbers into fummes, . which I confcffc I vnderftand not, being an ignorant in abftrufc cuIusTm ”* 1 ^ earn ' n S* I haue read in Paterculiu , that when either cn- Natura'liter uy, or admiration hath giuen men an edge to afeend to the high- quod precede- eft, and when they can afeend no higher ,after a while they muft re nen pocefi, naturally defeend. Yet I rely vpon that of Ecclefiafies, as I vn- cccedit. derftand it. Crnffia fecit bona in tempore ftto Dent, & mundum tradidit dijputationi eorum , vt non imteniat homo quod operattu efi c Dem ab initio vfque ad finem. But pardon me, I cannot tell how I haue beene by admiration of our Progenitours diuerted from my purpofe. Intheyeereof our Lord, 1416. when a fifteene hundred Englifh vnder the condudf of/. Beaufort, Earle of Dor ft, were encompafledbetweenetheSca, and fifteene thoufand French. The Earle of Arminac, Generali of the French, lent to the Earle, aduifinghim to yeeld himfelfe, butheeanfwered. It is not the manner ef the Engltfh, to yceldwithout blowes , neither am 1 Jo heart lejfe that I will delmer my J elf e into their hands , whom God may delitter into mint. And accordingly Godgaue him the ho- nour ' Wife speeches* 243 honour of the day, to the great confufion ®f the enemy, \_WaL (Ingham tn Tpodigmate. "\7\7Hcn Elizabeth the widdow of Sir John Gray , was a fii- v ter vnto King Edward the .fourth (againft whom her husband loft his lifej for her ioynture : the kind King became alfo a futer vnto her for a nights lodging ; But ftiee wifely an- fwered him, when he became importunate , That as Jhee did ac- count her felfe too bafe to be his wife,fo Jhee did thtnke her felfe too good to be his harlot. When loue grew fo hot in this King Edward the fourth, that he would needs marry the laid Elizabeth, widdow of Sir Iohn Grey, to the great dilcontent of his Counceli , but especially of his Mother, whoalleaging many reafons to the contrary laid. That only her Widdow-hood might bee fufficient to reftraine him, for that.it was high dilparagement to a King, to be difhe- noured with bigamy in his firft marriage. The King merrily anfwered; In that (he is a widdow, and hath already children ; By Gods blejfed Lady 1 am a Batchelour, and have feme too : and fo each of vs bath a proofs , that neither of vs are like to bee barren. ■And therefore Madam, I pray you be content, I trtffi in God Jhee fait bringyon forth ayong Prince ; that fall fleafe you. And as for the bigamy , let the Bifop hardly lay it in my way when I come to take Orders: for 1 vnderfiand it is for bidden to a Trtefi , but / never wifi it yet that it was forbidden to a Prince. His hot loue neuerthelefte was partable among three other of his Miftrefles, of whom hee was wont to fay, The one was theftirefi, the other the merriefi, and the third the holiefi, for Jhe had wholly denoted her felfe to his bed and her bedes. When Lewes the eieauenth, French King, entertained diuers Counlellours of King Edward the fourth, with large pen (ions to fteed him in England, he fent Peter Cleret, one of the Maftcrs of his Houfhold vnto the Lord Hafltngs, the Kings Chamberlaine, to prefent him with two thoufand Crownes. Which when hee bad receiued, Peter Cleret did pray him , for his difeharge hee fiiould make him an acquitance;The LordChamberlaine made a great difficulty thereat. Then Cleret doth requeft him ag'aine that z i o Wife Speeches. that he would glue vnto him only a letter of three lines for his difeharge to the King,iignitying that he had iccciued them.The Lord Chambcrlame anfwered; Sir that which you fay is very reafor.able\ hut the gift comes fom the good will of the Kin gy our Maft errand not at my requeft at all : If it flea fey oh that I fall haue it, you fhall put it within the pocket of my feeue, and you fall haue no ether acquitance of me. For I will neuer it fhall be find far me , that the Lord (fh amber lame of the King of England bad bin Fentioner to the King of France : Nor that my acquittances fhali be found in the Chamber of accounts tn France. The aforefaid Cleret went away male-content , but left his Money with him, and came to tell his meflage to his King, who was yery angery with him. But thenceforth the Lord Chamberlaine of England was more eftccmed with the French, and alwayes paidc with- out acqu ittance. [P hilippe de Commincs^= ^ ICinpe ^3wAret^hc ftft . J^Ing Richard the third, whole menftrous birth fore-fhewed his moriftrous proceedings, (for hee was borne with ail his teeth, and haire to his fhoulders) albeit he liued wickedly yet made good Lawes, and when diuers fhires of England offe- red him bcneuolcnce, he refufed it, faying,/ bad rather haue your hearts then your Money. [ Ioannes R 'Jfus tVarwicenfis. lohn Mrrton the Bifhop of Ely, but afterward of Canterbu- ry , being folicited by the Duke of Bucks gham , then alienated from Richard the third, to fpeake his mind franckly vnto him, in matters of State : the Bifhop anfwercd him ; In good faith my Lord , / loue not much to talke with Princes , as a thing not all out of per ill, although the words bee without fault. Forafmueh as it final not be taken as the party meant it fiat as it pleafeth the Prince to conflrue it. And euer l tbinke on <^£fops tale, that when the Lyon had proclaimed, that on paine of death , there Jhould no hor- ned Beaft abide m that wood, one that had in his fore-head a bunch of fief), fled away a great pace. TheFexe that Jaw kirn run f° faft, asked him whither he mads all that haft : he anfwered; In faith I neither wotenorrecke ,fo I were once hence, becaufc 6f _ this Proclamation made of horned beaft s. iPhat foole (quoth the Foxc ) thoumaft well enough abide , the Lyon meant not by thee , for Wife Speeches. 14 5 for it is no home that is vpon thy head : No marry ( quoth hee ) that wote / well enough, but what and he call it an home, where am I then? [Tho.More. Sir Thomas Rokeshy being condoled for fir ft fuffering him- ielfe to be ferued in treene Cuppes.anfwereu; Tbefe homely cups and difhes pay truly for that they contain e : I had rather dr inly? out of treene, and pay gold, and finer, then dnnhe out of gold and filuer, and make woodden payment. ■y^Hen Richard the third yvasfiaine at Eofworth , end with him Io'hn Howard Duke of Norjfolke, King Henry the feuenth demanded of Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey , the Dukes fonne and heire then taken Prifoner, how he durft bearc Armes in the behalfe of that tyrane Richard. He anfwered; Hee was my crowned King,and if the Parliamentary authority of Eng- land fit the Crowne vpon a fioclte, I will fight for that fiocke. And as I fought then for him , I will fight for you, when you are eflabli- (hed by the faid authority. And fo he did fox his fonne King Hen- ry the eight at Floddon field . [Anonymits. When Margaret the widdow of Charles the Hardy Duke of Burgundy, znd fifter toKiogEdward the fourth, enuying much the happy eftate and raigne of Henry the feuenth, deicended of the aduerfe family of Lancafier , had at iundry times fuborned two rafchals to counterfeit the perfons ofher two brothers fons, thereby to withdraw the hearts of his fubietfts, and raife vprores in his Realme, the King lent ouer vnto Philip the Duke of Burgundy, Do&ox tVarrham yftctwzr A Archbifhop of Canter- bury, to informe him of her trechery. This Do£tour in the latter end ofhis Oration thus nipped the feditious Dutcheffe, That within few yeeres afterfbe waspafi threefcoreyeeres of age, foe hM brought forth two monflers , Lambert and. Peter, and not in the nine and tenth moneibs, as women naturally, but in the hun- dred and fourefiore moneth , (for they were both about fifteene yeeres of age when Jhe brought them abroad^, as it were, out of her belly:) neither were they Crifomers fiat fuch child-choppers, that as fione as euer they were borne, they were able to wage warTe with a mighty King. [Tho. More. The 2.46 Wife Speeches. The Earle of Kildare being charged before King Henry the feuenth for burning the Metropolitate Church of Cajftlles in Ireland, and many witnefles procured toauouch the truth ofthe Article againft him, he fodaincly confefledit to the great wbn- dring and deteftation ofthe Councell. Then it was looked ho w , he fhouid iuflifie that fa£h By leftt (quoth hee) I would neuer haue done it, if it had not beene told me that the Archbifhop had beene within it. And becaufc theBifhop was one ofthe bufieft acculers prefent, merrily laughed the King at the plaineneffe of the man, to fee him alledge that intent for cxcufe, which moft of all did aggrauate his fault. When among many articles, exhibited by the Irifh againft that Earle oUKAdare, the laft was : Finally, All Ireland cannot rule this Earle. Then (quoth the King) fhall this Earle rule alt Ireland •, and fhortly after he made him Deputy thereof. When one reproued ;King Henry the feuenth for his flownes in making w ars on thofe that wronged him,he anfwercd,/jf wee Princes J 'hould take euery occafion that is offered vs , the world fhouid neuer be quiet, but wearied with continuall warres. When a Gentleman, none ofthe wifeft, told King Henry the feuenth, that he found Sir Richard Crofts, who was made Ban- neret at the battell of Stoke, to bee a very wife man. The King anfwered. He doubted not that, but maruelled mueb hew afoole could know a wife man. It happened that there was fallen in communication the Aory of lofeph, how his mafter Putiphars wife, a great man with the King ot'tAZgypt, would hauc pulled him to her bed, and hee fled away. Now Mafter Maio ( hee was the Kings Almon er) quoth King Henry the feuenth. You be a tall ftrong man on the one fide, and a cunning JDoElor on the other, what would you %aue done , if you had not beene lofepb, but in Iofcphs ft cadi By my treth (quoth he) and it like your Grace, I cannot tell what' I would haue done , but I can tell you what I Jhould bane done. [ Tho . Moore. The Lady Margaret Count efle of Richmund. mother to King Henry the feuenth, a molt worthy Patronefleofgood Letters, would often lay, On the condition that Princes of Chriftendome would combine themfehies > and march againft the common enemy the Wife-Speeches. 247 the. Turk?, foe would mofi willingly at tenet them , and bee their Lamdrejfe in the Camps. The/e was a poore blinde man in Warwick -fin ire , that was ac- counted very cunning in prognoflicating of weather : vpon a day,Etnpfon a great Lawyer, as he roade that way, laid in fcorne of his cunning, I pray you tell me father , when doth the Sunne change ? The chafed old man that knew his corrupt confer- ence, anfwered : Whenfuch a wicked Lawyer as you goeth to heauen. Doftor Collet the Deanne of P antes, faid; thatdf the Clergie were naught, the Laitie w'ere w'orle, for it could not otherwife be,but the Lay-menmufl euer be one degree vnder the Clergie: for furely it can be noe lie that our Sauiour faith himfelfe, who faith of the Clergie, that they be the fait of the earth, and if the fait once appall, the world rauft needes wax vnlauoire ; $and he faith that the Clergie be the light of the w'orld ; and then faith he ; if the light bee darkened , how darke will then the darke- ned be ? that is, to w'it, all the world befide, w hereof heecal- kth the Clergy onely the light. Cardinall tfolfey , his teeth watering at the rich Bifhoprike of Winchefier , fentone vnto Bifhop Faxe ( who had aduanced him to the Kings foruice ) for to mouehim to refigne theBi- fhoprike,becaufe extreame age had made him blinderthe which mefifage and motion Foxe did take in fo ill part, that hee willed the meflengcr to tell the Cardinall thus from him : That al- though old age bereauing me of fight, I know not white from blacke, yet I can difeerne truth from falfliod, and right from wrong : yea, and that now I am blinde, I haue elpied his mali- cious vnthankfulnefle : the w'hich I could neuer before perceiue when my eye-fight was.at the befh And let my Lord Cardi- nall take heede, that his ambition and couetoulhc-ffe , bring him not into a worfe blindeneflfe then I haue, and make himfall be- - fore he feare. - — — — sir 1 homos Moore his firft comming to the feruice of King Henry the eight , the King gaue him this godly lelfon : Firft looke vnto God, and then after vnto me. He would alfo with , as I haue heard of an ancient man of that age, that his Councellors would commit fimulation, difli- mulation, i4 8 Wife Speeches. mulation, and partialitic, to the Porters lodge, when they came to lit in CouncclI. * , The fame King Henry , finding fault with the difagreetnenc of Preachers, would often lay ; Some are too Jhffe in their old Mumpfimus, and other too bufie and curious tn their new Sump* fmm. Happely borrowing thefe phrafes from that which Ma- fter Pace his Secretarie reporteth in his Booke De Frutttt dottri* na 3 of an old Prieft in that age, which alwayes read in his Por- caffe, Mumpfimus Domine } for Sumpfmus .-whereof when hee was admonifhed , hee faid that hee now had vfed Mumpfimm thirty yeeres, and would not leaue his old Mumpfimm for their new Sumpfimm. A Noble man of this time, in contempt of learning faid, that it was for Noble mens Sonnes enough to winde their horne,and carrie their Hawke faire, and to leaue ftudie and learning to the Children of meanemen. To whom the forefaid Richard Tace replyed ; Then you and other Noble men mufl bee content , that your children may winde their homes , and keep e their Hawke f t while the children of meane men doe manage matters of ejlate. \_R. Paeans de FrucludoElrins. Iohn Fifher, Biflrop of Tochefer, when the King would haue tranflated him from that poore Bifliopricke to abetter, he refil- led, laying; He would not for fake bis poore ould little wife, with whom bee had fa long lined. Happely thinking of the fifteenth Canon of the Nicene Counfeil, and that of the Canonifls , Ma* inmoninm inter Epifcopum, & Ecclefam ejfe Contratlnm.,&c . There was a Noble’ man merrily conceited, and riotoufly giuen, that hauing lately fold a Manner of- an hundred tene- ments, came ruffling into the Court,in a new fute, faying ; Am not I a mighty man that beare an hundred houfes onmy backe f Which Cardinall Woolfey hearing , lhid ; Ton might haue better imployed it in paying your debts . Indeede my Lord (quoth hee) you fay well ; for my Lord my father, owed my tJMafter your fa - ther, three halfe pence for a Calues-head, hold , here is two pence for it. As Skelton iefted at the Cardinall, that he was defeended of Sangutlier , he wascafi outof a Butchers (fall, for his fa- ther was a Butcher of Ipfwich. When Stephen Gardiner was aduanced to the Bifihoprike of Win* Wife Speeches. 2.49 Wmcbefter , find fent ouer as Ambaffadour into France, with great pompe, he laidvntoanold acquaintance of his, that came to take his leaue of him ; Now I am in my Gloria Patri: Tea (faid his friend) and I hope, Et nunc dr femper. Or (rcplycd the Biffiop) if it pleafe the King my Mafier , Stcut erat in principle, A peers Scho Her of Cambridge againe. When Sir Thomas CMoore was Speaker of the Parliament, with his wifedomc and eloquence , heefo eroded a purpofc of Cardinall Woolfeys, that the Cardinal! in a chafe lent for him to White-Hall : where w hen hee had danced attendance long, at length the Cardinall comming outlaid in the prcfcnce of many; Mafier Moore, I 'would you had beene at R ome , when you were made Speaker of the Parliament Houfe. Hee immediately re- plyed : And if it pleafed your Grace, fo would I; for then I jbouli baue feene a famous City , wberofl baue heard much , and read much, but ueuer faw. [Vita Tho.Mori imprejfa. The fame Cardinall at a full Counfell-tablc , when Sir The. Moore was firft made priuy Councellor, mooued that there might be a Lieutenant General of the Realme,cholen for certain confidcrations; and the body of the Councell inclined therunto. Sir Thom. Moore oppofed himlelfc. Whereupon the Cardinall in a chafe, faid ; Are not you a/hamed, who are the meanefi man hereto dtffent from fo many honourable and wife per fort ages :you prone your felfe a plaine foole. W hereunto Mafter Moore forth- with anfwered ; Thankes bee to God , that the Kings Maiefiy hath but one foole in his right-honourable Cettncell. {Idem. When he was Lord Chancellour , he enioyned a Gentleman to pay a good round fumme of money vnto a poorc Window whom he had oppreffed ; and the Gentleman faid : Then 1 doe hope your Lordfhip willgiue me agoodlong day to pay it. Toufhai haueyour requefi (faid Sit Thomas ) Munday next is Saint Bar- nabas day, the longefi day in all theyeere, pay her me then , or el fe you fhall kiffe the Fleete. When he had no luft to grow' greatly vpward in the world , neither would labour for office of authoritic,and ouer that, for- fooke a right worfhipfull roomc when it was offered him , his wife fell in hand with him, and asked him ; What will you doe, lift you not to put forth your lelfe as others do? Will you fit ftill R by z$o Wife Speeches. by the fire , and make goflings in the aflhes with a fticke , as children doe? Would God I were a man, and you fhould quick- ly lee what I would doe.. What ? By God , goe forward with the beft ; for as my mother was wont to lay , It is euer more better to rule then to bee ruled , and therefore I warrant you, I would not be lb foohfh to be ruled, where I might rule. By my truth wife (quoth he) 1 dare fay you fay truth, for I never found you willing to he ruled yet. He vfed, when hee was Lord Chancellour, vpon cuery Sun- day, when he was at home, to fit in the Quire in his Surplice, and fing the Seruice : and being one day efpied in that attire by the Duke of Norfolk^. The Dukcbeganne to chafe, crying. Fie, fie, my Lord , the Lord Chancellour of England a Parifh Priefi,anda paltrie Singing-man, you diflaonour the King, yout difihonour the King. No my Lord ( quoth Sir Thomas) it is no Jhamefor the King , if his feruant fcrue his fatter aigne and S aut- eur , who is the King of Kings. ■ During the time of his Chancelloutfhip of England, he vfed to fend his Gentleman-Vfher to his Wife Pew, after diuine leruice was done, to tell her that hee was gone : but the next Sunday after hcegaue vp his Chancellourfhip of England, hee camehimfelfe to her Pew , and vfed the vfuall words of his Gentleman-Vfher, Madam, my Lord is gone. His latter wife was a Widdow, ©f whom Era fauns writeth, that he was wont to fay, that fhe was, nec he!la,nec puelU ? who as flic* was a good hufwife, fo was fhenot voyd of the fault that often followcth that vertue, fomewhat fhrewd to her Scruants : Vpon a time Sir Thomas found fail It with her condnuall chi- ding, laying;!? that nothing elfe would teclaime her, yet the con- federation of the time(forit was Lent)fhould rcfiraine her. Tufa tufa,mj Lord (laid fhee) looks , here is one ftep toheauen-ward, file wing him a Friers girdle. / feare me (quoth Sir ThorMts Moore ) this one fleppe will not bring you vp a ftepps higher. One day when fhee came from fhr-ift, jliee faid merrily vnto him. Bee merry Sir Thomas , for this dyy'u/as I wcll.fhriuen, j thahkeGod, and purpofe flow therefore to leauc off all my old . fhrewdneffe ; Tea ( quoth he) and to b'eginne afrejb When he was lent prifoiler vnto the Towre,& the Lieutenant his Wife Speeches , 151 his old friend, rcceiued him with a heauy cheere, he faid; Is this the entertainentsnt and good countenance you giue your guefls when they come to you ? Why looke man , here are twenty AngeR Nobles (fbewing him his Pur fie ) and when this is (pent, turns me out at doores, as a bare gatnefier , and not able to fay for that hee takes. Hitherto may bee referred his filent anfvver, when at his cutting into the Towre, one of the officers claimed for a fee, his ypper garment (meaning his gowne ©r his eloake ) hee offered himhiscappe. Being asked after his condemnation , and before his executi- on, whether hee had changed his mindc , hee laid : Tea , fir / thought to haue. beene fiauen, but now feeing Ifiall die ft fhortly 3 I mil let my beard grow. His daughter Rofer one day as fhee repaired ynto him into the Towre, counfelfed him to recouer the Kings fauour,and his owne former libertie, by doing I know not what,the which fhe (aid one of the greatefl States of this R.ealme,and a man learned Coo, and bis tender friend, fajd he might doe, without fcruple of Confidence, as mod of the Nobility of the Realme had done, not one fticking thereat, faue only himfelfe and one other man. This fpeech of hers he anfwered with a pleafant tale. At a Barthol - mew Fairs at London , there was an Efcheator of the fame City , that had arreflid a Clothier -that was outlawed, and had fimed his goods which he had breiig ht into the Faire , tolling him out op the Faire by a traine. The man that was arrefled was a Northe'rne man, which by his friends made the Efcheator to be arrefled with- in the Faire, vpon an Allion l wot neere what, and called a Court of P /powders. Now bad the Clothier ,by friendfiip of the C fleers } found the meanes to haue all the Quefi almofl made of the Nor- therns men, fitch as had their Boothes fiandmg in the Faire, who were no fooner departed from the Barrs , and come into the houfi 3 but the Northerns men were agreed, and in effect all the other , to cafl our London Efcheator. They thought they needed no more to f roue that he did wrong, then euen the name of his bare Office a- Jone.But then was there omongsl thsm,as ths Deuill would,an ho - nefl man of another quarter called Company : And the fellow fee- medbiit a filly foule, and fate fill, and faid nothing ; they made no reckoning of him, but faifi We be agreed now. come, let vsgoe and 2 . 5 1 Wife Speeches. gtue up our verdiSl. Then when the poore fellow fare that they made fucb hafte , and his minde nothing gaue him that way that theirs did ( if that their mindes gaue them that way they faid ) bee prayed them to tarry and talke upon the matter , and tell fach rea- fon therein ,t hat he might thinke as they did, and when they jhould fo doc , he would be glad to fay with them; or dfe he faid they muft pardon him : For (ith he had a foule of his owne to keepc , as they had,he muft fay as he thought for his foule, as they muft for theirs. When they heard this they were halfe angry with him, what good fellow, ( quoth one of the Northcrne men ) whare wames thou ? Be not we eleuen here, and thou but one all alene,a»d all we agreed \ whereto Jhouldeft thou Jlicke ? whates thy name gud fellow .? AS li- fers ( quoth he) my name is called Company. Company f quoth they )now by my troth good fellow , play then the gud companion , come thereon forth with vs, and paffe euen far gud company, Would God, good Ad. after s( quoth the man againe )that there lay no more weight thereon.But now, when we fhall hence, and come before God, and that hee fhall fend you vnto heauen for doing according vnto your confctence , and me to the ‘DeuiU , for doing againft mine, all faffing at your requeft here for good company now. By God Ada- jler Dickcnfon ( that was one of the Nertherne mens names ) If I then fhall fay vnto you all againe ; Af afters I went once with you for good company , which is the caufe that I goe now to Hell, flay you the good fa Howes now againe with me , as I went then far good company with you , fa fame of you goe now far good company with me : wouldyougoe Mafter Dickenfon? Nay, nay, by our La- dy, nor neuer a one of you all. And therefore mu ft you pardon mee forpa/Jing asyoupajfe ; for the pajfage of my pore fault paffeth aU good company. In like fence he vied often to fay ; That he would neuer pinne his foule at another mans back, not euen the be ft man that he knew that day liutng;far he knew not whither he might hap to carry it. When one came to him to fignifie that he muff prepare him- felfe to die.for he could not liue,hc called for his Vrinall, where- in when he had made water,he caft it 3 and viewed it as(Phyfiti- ans vfe)at Iafl he faid foberly, That he fa w nothing in that water 3 but that he might liue, if it pleafed the King. When hee wasinPrifon, and hisBookcsand Papers taken from Wife Speeches'. 254 from him , hee did fluit his Chamber windowes both day and night, faying; When the wares are gone and the tooles fallen away, we 1 Ktd.fi font vp foop. When he wentto death, a certaine woman offered him a cup of wine, which he refilling, faid; Good woman , Chrtft in his pafolon drunke gall, and no wine . When he was to mount the Scaffold, hee laid to one of the Sheriffes men, I fray thee helfe me vp ,0s for my cummtng downe s I take no care. When the Hang-man (according to his manner) defired him to pardon him his death, he anfwered ; 1 doe forgiue thee with all my heart ; but one thing I will tell thee , thou wiltneuer ham benejly in cutting off my head, my necke is fo foort „ N Ow we haue done with Sir Thomas CMoore his owne A- pothegmes which haue come to my hands , I will tran- feribe out of his works, a few tales,or cal them what you pleafe. Cc A poore man found a Prieft ouer familiar with his wife,and u becaufo he fpakeit abroade and could not proue it, the Prieft “ fued him before the Bifhops Officiall for defamation , where tC the poore man in paine of curling was commanded , that in Cc his Parifh Church,he fhould vpon the Sunday at high Mafle, tc ftand vp , and fay ; Mouth thou lye ft : Whereupon for fulfil® “ ling of his penance, vp was the poore foule let in a Pie w, that . When the Cardinall Farnefs, znd dinerfe other of his friends came vnto him, at midnight, to make him Pope, by adoration, .he repelled them, faying ; He would not haue fo weighty a mat- ter tumultuoufiy and rafhly done, but vfitally and orderly ; that the night was no conuentent time therefore , that God loued the light more then 'Darkeneffe, wherefore they Jhoulddefirre it vntiliths next day , and that then ( if it pleafed God) it might very well l $ done. But this his pious model! y loft him the Papacy. Hee vied often to lay , Thofi which would betake them vnto the fiudy of the holy Scriptures ( which was as though they would go into the inner and fecret part of the Temple )rmfi pajfe through >■ a low z6o Wife Sp eecbes. a Letts and a narrow doore:For that no man can attains to the m. derftanding of the Scriptures, that is proud and puffed, vp with the jharpencffe of his wit, or excellencie of humane learning ; but bee that bringeth lowltnejje of minde, and contempt of himfelfe 3 and i e elds his vnderjlanding (as the Apoftle faith )captiue vnto faith. Of this alfodidheadmonifhthofethat would ftiidiethefa' cred Scriptures, That they fhould fpecially beware that they neuer went to the reading of them with this intent and minde 3 that they might difiute of them to Jhew their learning , and by that know-’ ledge to get them honours and riches , for both purpofes were very contrary to this kjnde of Jludy. W hereunto ought to be adhibited, firflferuent prayers, then a lowly minde, and finally, an heart voyd of all ambit ton and greedy defire. Thus farre of this good Car- dinall. William Marques of Winchefier, being asked how hee conti- nued of the Councell in the troublefome times of diuerfe Prin- ces, anfwered ; By being a Willow, and not an Oake. He would alfo often fay , that hee found great eafe in this : That 1 neuer fought to rule the rofle , and to bee the dtreHor of others 3 but al - wayes fuffered my felfe to bee fwayek with the mofl and mightiefi. As another Courtier of former times faid he had born<&pff many Court-ftormes in dangerous times , By fuffering iniurtes and giuing thankes for them. A lufty Gallant that had wafted much of his patrimony, feeing Mafter Button a Gentleman in a gowne,not of the new- eft cut , told him , that hee had thought it had beene his great Grandfathers gowne, It is fo (laid Mafter Dutton ) and I haue alfo my great Grandfathers Lands, and fo haue not you. A reuerend man , my firft Teacher , would often lay in the the midft of his mirth, Sorrow is good for nothing fane finne only. N Ow wc draw to an end, haue a few fayiugs of merry Ma- fter Heiwood the great Epigrammatift. When Queene Mary told this He'twood, that the Priefts mult forgoe their wiues : He merrily anfwered , Tour Grace mufi allow them Lem- mans then, for the fl er £J cannot liue without fawce. He being asked of the ikied Queene ALary, whit win'de blew ’ him Wife Speeches . 161 him to the Court, anfwered her. Two jpeciaR 7, the oat to fee your tjfrlaieftie^ We thanke you for that (faid Qucene Mary ) but I pray you what is the other ? That your Grace (faid hec) might fee mee. When one told him , that Pace being a Matter of Art had difgraced himfelfe with wearing a Fooles coate, hee anfwered, It u lejfe hurtfull to the Comma a -we ale when wife men goe in Fooles coates , then when Fooles goe in }Vife-mens gownes. When he faw one riding that bare a wanton behinde him, he When a man of worfhip, whofeBeere was better hopped then maulted, asked him at his table how he liked of his beere, and whether it were well hopped; Tes by the faith of my body (faid he) it is very well hopped, but if it had hopped a little fur* ther, it had bopped into the water. When one faid that the number of Lawyers would marre the occupation ; he anfwered, No 5 for alwayes the more Spant~ els in the field, the more game. This vfuall Ipecch of Sir Thomas CMoore, both of himfelfe and other Booke-brceders, which is alfo extant in an Epiftl e of his, I haue refolued to cloze vp this part. Books -makers are full wife folke, who paine andp 'me themfelues away by writing, to fub- ieU themfelues to the cenfure of fuck which in Ordinaries and in jSle-benches will pill and pull them by their words , phrafes , and lines, as it were by the beards ; when fame of them are fo pild them- felues , as that they haue not one haire ofhonefiy\ ortovfchis ewne words , Ne pilum boni hominis . But thefe he relembleth to thofe vnmannerly guefts, which when they haue beene well and kindly entertained, fhnch away never giving thanks fat depraving and aijpraifing- their evrteovs entcrtamemsnt , V or v-. v . v: . ■ Z - ■ ..v-v. g . ' it&ipiu- z ap;ar/-; -■ • 'i.&iK'S ' vV;. . ' • •*.** *} .> . > J „ "A , \v - < *.• ' ; ; L , JP ■ : • .. i« V « 5 SltzZ : ; ' ■ ' 7/ : :;i ,{!5n' ?V ■' ! ;--J ■»>.' . ■ , . i .a • r -~ r: fodW . .". • . . ’ • " - • O 0 . f j . . , a.- -‘--c ; i) .\v : : t- .-v e>V fjv'uSit.’V'.. . IV : •••*• : . - 1 ^ ^ • > V\ *• . IS fit 3 ii£ 3 *. i .. i . .. 1 1 ^ 3 id'*? .* -iilv «i(f vjf.jo L fe J c .- r ,h os .bai. -c K yi sow! J.’iitf I Vi", a'".. . r .( 5\Vt: ■ ’■ . ■ v • ■ :v :v>j» c Vi.'V, : !. « iTjrmtrnfiv aWb o» ■ : v . va Va vl ' C- O /■ . ' .V^iVi Wv.,V-;wi : ! g V.V., x6 3 Certaine Prouerbes., Poemes or Poe- fics, Epigram mes , Rythmes , and Epi- taphs of the Englifh Nation in former Times 3 and fame of this pre* feat a Age. PROVERBES. ® Where At *P roster be s Are con cife , witty and wife fpeeches groun- ded vpon long experience , contayning for the mofl part good caueats , and therefore both profitable and delight full ; T thought it not vnfit to Jet downe here Alphabetically fame of the felc&efl-, and mofi vfuallamongft vs , as being worthy to bane place among ft the wifes Speeches . tS. Bov; long bent, at lafi waxeth weake. A b roken flecue , holdeth the arme backe. A Cat may looke vpon a King. A carrion Kite, willneuer bee a good Hawke. A Dogge hath a day, l A Dogge will barke ere he byte. A fooles bolt is loone {hot. A [friend is not fo {bone gotten as loth A friend in Court, is worth a penny inpurfe. A . 164 ^Prouerbes . A friend is neuerVnowne.till a man haue neede. A good man can no more harmc then a fheepe. A good talc ill told, in the telling is marde. m l e^TT ^ A good wife, maketh a good husband. (JL ^ 2++T1/ Vi A good-neighbour,* good good-morrow. A groning horfe and a groning wife, neuer faile their M after. A hard beginning, hath a good ending. A hard fought field where no man fcapeth vnkil’d. A haftie man, neuer wantes woe. A bony tongue, a heart of gall. - A legge of a Larke, is better then the body of a Kyte. A little pot, foonc hot. As long liueth a merry man, as a fad^w A long harueft of a little cornc„ w k^^k ^ A low hedge, is eafily leaped ouer. A man is not fo foonc healed, as hurt. A man farre from his good, is nigh his harme A man may buy gold too deare. A man may loue his houfc wcl, though he ride not oil the ridge. A man may w ell bring a horfe t o the water, but he cannot mure him drinke, without he will. A Moufc in time, may bite a-two a cable. A piece of a Kid, is worth two of a Cat. 4 A poore Dog, that is not worth the whiffling, A § proud comes behinde, as^oes before. A ? A proud horfe, that will not beare his owne prouandcr, A pound of care, will not pay an ounce of debt. A feald head is foonc broken. A feald horfe is good enough for a fcabd Squire, Aihort horfe is foone curried. A Swine quer fat, is caufe of his owne bane. A trauttller may lie with authoritic. A wonder lafteth but nine dayes. After blacke eloudes, cleare weather. After a ftorrnc, comes a calme. After dinner fit a while, after fuppei* waike a mile. All couet, allloofe. All is not gold thatgliftcrs. AH Prouerbef. 16 $ All is well that endes well. An ill Cooke cannot heke his owne fingers. An inch, breaketh no fquare. An inch in a mifle, is as good as an ell. An old d eg bircth lore* An old facke, asketh much patching. An vnbiddengueft,knoweth not where to fit. Asa man is friendc d, fo the Law is ended. As deepe dnnketh the goofe,as the gander. As good to play for nought, as work e for nought, Aske my companion, w hether I be a thiefe. A s I brew, fo muft I needes drinke. / } f OJ& , *** AsfoonegoeththeycngLambe-skinnetothe market , as the old Yewes. A fig for my God- lonne, ^ An old thiefe, deferues anew halter. A new broomefwcepes cleane. A high building, a lew foundation, A clofe mouth catches no flyes. As good loft, as found. A curre will bite before he barke. Age and wcdlocke, lames man and beaft. All is well that endes well. Asthc^idl cock crowes, theyong leames. A Fly hath a fpieene. A man wiilnotlofea hog,fbrahalfeperthof tarre« Agree, for the "Law is coftly. A friend, will helpe at a time of needc. fly c d ' A foole an his money, i$ foonc parted. 0 After meate, Muft a til K A light loaders beany tocarry farre. a A Hire w profitable, may ferae a man reafbnable. Vs ^ — As welcome, as water into a fhip. A man will be a man, though he haue but a hole on his head. A curft dog, muft be tyed morr, Aprill ftiowcrs, doe fpring May flowers. A faire pawne, neuer ffoam’d his Mafter. A proud minde and a beggers purfe, goeth together S A “fcC 1/ uLcd ^ /jroi^i^. LA*..* ' h*. //idu •i 166 r Vrouerbes. A rowling ftone, gathers no irioffe, * fay A word to the wife fulficeth. _ All truths muft n ot be told. '/uus-tstj *i H. After Cheefe, comes nothing. A mufled Cat was neuer good mouzer. ? An ill dog is not worth the whittling. An old Cat-laps as much milke as a young. An ill weede, growes a pace. A falfe Knauc, needes no broker. A curft cow giues a paile of milke, and kicks it dowse with her heele. All is fifh, that comes to net* As fit, as a pudding for a Fryers mouth. All (hall be well, and lack ftiall haueljll. As good fit ftill, as rife vp and fall. " s'd All the proofe of a pudding, is in the eating.* , flu fry p-m &-/ ^ CJ£ •' (4 lit !X+l ocA f ^Atchellers wiues, and maides children be well taughf' s fy ^Be it better, be it worfe , doe you after him that bcaycth the purfe. ' Beggers fhould be no choefcrs. ■ . \ Belecue well, and haue well. ^ Better be eauied, then pktied. Better Children wecpe,then old men., *' yoLe - 7 Better eye out then alwayes ake.- Better fed, then taught. . Better halfe a loafe, then no bread.' fiun* /W Better lat^hen neuer. d.o neM. Better lean®, then J«cke. Better one bird in the hand, then ten in the wood. ,ti iu- A*+t* Better fpare at brim } then at battome. , &<*< S>Bettci tobc happy, the wile. Better to bow, then breake. \< IBetter to rule, then be ruled by, the route. SfjBetter vnborne then vntaught. .> — ^-"Better be an old mans daijlng, then a yong mans warhng. ' ! : ' Bette? Prouerbes . 16 ? Better a bad excufe, then none at all. Bctweene two ffooles, the taile goeth to thegrquad* BeVvareof had I wift. ^ Beware the Geefe, when the Fox preaches. _ < Birds of a feather, will flocke together. Blacke will take no other hew. Blinde men, fhould iudge no colours. Bought wit is beft. ^ By wifdome peace, by peace plenty . V Burnd child fire dreads. Bare walles, makes giddf nufwiues. ^ Bate me an ace, quoth So Aon, Better a lowfe in the pot,; then no flefii at all. Better coaiming at the latter end of a feaft, then at the begin- ^ ning of a fray. Be as be m ay is no banning . Byfcratchingand biting, cats and dogges come together. C ^ At after kinde Change of pafiure, maketh fat calucs. Children and fboles, cannot lye. Children learne to creepe, ere they can goe. CJvzj-^id jlajz y Euer drunke, euer dry. Euen reckoning, maketh long friends, than Euery cock is proud on his owne dunghill. fr****- Euery man as he loueth , quoth the good man, when he kift his Cow. '■js Euery man baftech the fat hog. Euery man cannot hit the naileonthe head. " Euery man can rulea fhrew, faue he that hath her. %. Euery man for himfelfe , and God for ys all. < Euery one after his falhion. XEuill gotten goods, neuer prooueth well. %-Euill gotten, cuilllpent. Eaten bread is forgotten. ^Effex ftiles,Kentifli miles, and Norfblkc wiles, many men be- guiles. Euery man knowes where his fhooc wrings him. /uL Euer fpare, and euer bare, y # p Euill will, neuer fayes well. / ^ > Euery thing helpes, quoth the Wren when jibe pift i'thc lest - F 4 b p Aint heart, neuer wonne faire Lady."' /p- Fait binde. fa ft finde. C*. (Jc'wv.,* (sirt a Faire words, make fcoles faine. . Faire words, hurt not the mouth. c^um. £^>^2} Fifh is caft a way, that is caft into dry pooles. . ^Firft come, fiift ferued. Folly it is to fpume againft a pricke. .» •' 3^ ■ L Foule water as- lopne as faite, will quench hot fire. 1 Foule in the cradle, prooueth faire in the fadle. /s Fooles, with faire words are pleafed. ’ * Froft JProuerbes r . Froft and fraud, haue alwayes foule endes. Friends fade flyers. Yv Fire and water are good feruants, but ill matters, ^ Forfake not the market, for the toll. 16$ Fooles fet ftooles for wife folke to (tumble at, )( Jf ^ fate tu-Ct/ i. f^rlue an inch, and you will take an ello ’f God neuer (endeth mouth, but he (endeth meate. ^ ^ God fendeth cold after cloathes. Vu. de-tu:- -■« God (endeth fortune to fobles. ? God (endeth the fhrewd Cow, (hort homes. Y Good words coft nought. Good riding at two Anchors, men hauetold : for if the one faile, the other may hold. __ . .Good to be merry and wile. ^ Great boaft, (mail roaft. Great barkers, arc no biters. * Goes much water by the Mill , that the Miller kno\ves mz. Good wine,needes noluy-bufli. Y Giue,gaue, was a good-man. * I s’ , Giue loofcrs leaue to (peake. > ' -ycJ-u. /.'/ H Halfe warn'd, halfe arm'd.' * 1 t . ^4 kn*t a. .//u l Happy man, happy dole. Haftemakethwafte. / He can ill pipe, that lackethhis Vppper lip. He laugheth, that wimeth. He loueth well (beeps flc(b,that wetteth his bread in the woolk He may ill runne, that cannot goe. M /( He mud needes goe, that the Deuill driues. % He mud needes fwimme that is held vp by the chin. ^ He runneth farre, that neuer turncth againe. ys ^‘0 He that commeth laft, make all faft. Ht that commeth laft t® the pot, (boneft wroth. ^ a S3 m 2,70 *Troucrbes. He that killeth a man when he is drunke, {hall be hanged when he is fober. He that feareth cuery graflfe, muft not piffe in a medow. ^ He that hath an ill name, is halfe hanged. He that hath plenty of good, fhall haue more. He that hath but a little, he fhall haue leflfe , and hee that hath right naught, right naught fhall poffeffe. ^ He thatisborne to,be hanged, fliall neuer be drowned. v Hee that Hriketh with the fword, fhall bee beaten with the fca.bberd. He that will not when hemay , when hee would hee fhall haue nay. He that w'inketh with the one eye, and looketh with the other, I will not truft him though he were my brother. He that playes more then he fees, forfeits his eyes to the King? He is proper, that hath proper conditions. V He that worft may, muft hold the candle. ' dr . Id e that reckons without his hoft, muft reckon twice. ^ . Hold faft when you haue it. 7\Home is homely. •^.Hope well, and haue well. ^ H ot Ipue, foone cold. ' J H ow ca n the foie amble, when the horfe and mare trot ? ^Hunger maketh hard bganes fweetCo fiem ' It is an ill winde, that bloweth no man good.,^- It is a good horfe, that neuer ftumbleth. It is better kiffc a knaue. then to be troubled with him. % S 4 It 5 ^ Proutrbes . , It is better to be a fhrew, then a fheepc. )C It is eafier to defeend then to afeend. It is euill waking of a fleeping dogge* It is good fifhing in troubled watcr.'x It is good to beware by other mens harmes. r It is good to be merry and wife. V Lv — > -r eJtt Its net good iefting with edg’d tooled y^vlts true that all men fay. % >4 If I had reuenged euery wrong, I had not woorne my skirts v fo long. It mends, as fowre Ale mends in flimmer. If wifhes were truths. Beggars would eate birds. If the Lyons skinne cannot doc it, the Foxes &alh ' Its ~75 *Trouerbes , Its better to giue the fleece, then the fhccpe 3 Its better fit ftill, then rife vp and fall. ^Ame 3 Kathee. w. ^Kindneffe will creep e, where it cannot go, % Kicke not againft a pricke. Keepe the Woolfe from the doore. Keepe Bayard in the liable. CaLc 0 T Eaue is lightriv** Light gaincs makes a heauy purfe* Like will to like, ^ frw <* Z^b***. s^ju -"A<^ ^ Little faid, foone amended. C<- *5 liu.'ir ' VVL 0 uM^ o kett ^ Aue a thiefe from the gallowes, and heele cut thy throatc, ijk ' Saying and doing, are two things. ^ Seldome commeth the better. ScSeldome feene, is foone forgotten. , . „ Selfe doe, felfe haue. Shame take him, that fhame thinketh. " Urn i **? Shamefull q$tnng,muft: haue fhamefull nay c ^-Set a begger a horfeback, and he will gallop. r< fo many wits. ^ ^ Soft fire maketh fweete make. p Somewhat is better then nothing, mu /W * Soone gotten, foone fpent. “ * ^ ^ ' w Soone hot, foone cold. Soone ripe, foone rotten. So long goes the pot to the water, that.at lengthjt comes home broken. ? Spare to fpeake, fpareto fpeede. — l^Jl Speake faire,and thinke what you will. ^ ' r . Spend, and God will fend. - % r , or Store is no fore.- % . X juggle not againft the Stfearoc. Such a father, fu<& a fonne. JfcJL r ° /7 “ ‘ sv " Such beginning, fuch cnd.^ Such lips, fuch lettice. ' . - Such welcome, fach fasewell / Such Carpenters, fuchchips. Sweetmeat, will haue fowr^fawce. Short (hooting loozes the game. _ C4>i^u_ £ ' ''Al&.A-f •> ' 1 Some ‘Trouerbes. z 77~ Some (Tumble at a ftra w ;and leape ouer a bio eke. X - ’szj&z Spare at'brim, rather then at bottome. Still low eates all the draffc. . tuUt Spare ( and euer bare. Soft fire, makes fweet malt. ■S* u--fyv-^7^ ttll.'Ul S' c £ ^ r ‘ M - UJ '‘ r ^ 'y l . T ■>/ lurt \f > /&n m (t-d'fr , d. »3 k.Lty'i' ->*t u usf< i tia ]£-£c*-f ^ Ake time yv hen timetommeth, left time fteale away. Take heede, is a good reedc. Tales of Robbm Hood, are good for fooles. That one will not, another will. 4,o That the eyeteeth not, the heart rueth not. That penny is well (pent, that faueth a groat. The begger may ling before the thiefe. The beft cart, may ouerthrow. The beft, is beft cheape. ^ . The blindc-man eates many a flyc. * The blinde kadethe blinde, and both fall into the ditch; The Cat knoweth whofe lips (he licketh well enough. The Cat would eate fi(h, and would not wet her feetc. The Crow thinketh her owne birds fai reft . The fewer, the better fare. The Fox farcth well when he is curled. The greateft talkers, are the leaft doers. The greateft Cicrkes be not the wileft men. « The greateft Crabs, be not all thebeft. * The good-wife would not feeke her daughter in the ouen vn-? lclTelhehadbeenethereherfelfe. iSu^ra. The higheft tree , hath the greateft fall. 7A- The y ong cocke cro weth,as the oldjieareth. . /\ 'Hi yuM st disfc yxt' 1 The keyes hang not all at one mans girdle. The longerpaft, the (horter Weft. * The longeft day hath his end. ^JL The low ftakc, ftandeth long. afe. The Mafters eye, maketh the horfe fat. The more bafte, the ieffe (peede. The more, the merrier. A far Fru. Cfcl V ' H f The 178 Prouerbes. •The more thy yeeres, the nigher thy graue. The more youftirre a t'trd, the worfc it will Sinks. ^/♦Theneerer the Church , the farther from God. f^Thc Ffew broome, fweepeth cleane. NyThe PariftvPrieft forgetteth , that cuer he hath bcenc holy-wa. ^ ter Clerke. The ro wling ftone, neucr gathereth moffc. The rough net, is not the beft catcher of birds* , / The fhooe will hold with the foie. pThe ftill fow cateth yp all the draffe. The tide ftaycth for no man. 7^ There be more wayes to the wood then one. 7 *s*There is difference betweene flaring ^ftark e blind c.'^rt There is falfbood, and fellowlliip. f ~l4s j ^cA&y t tfThere is no foole to the old foole. *■ Tv There is no fire, without fomc fmoake. *t|They muft hunger in froft, that will not works in heatc. ’•They that are bound, muft obey. They that be in hell, weene there is no other heauen. lkiu{ Threatnedfolkesliuelong. Three may keepe counfell, if two be away. ( •Time loft, we cannot^inne. tV«^ fc X ITime ftayeth for no man. Touch a gald horfe on the backe and he will kickc. ^ Too much of one thing, is good for nothing. Tread a worrne on the taile, and it muft turne againe. ’ *Truth fhameth the Deuill. 7^Two eyes can fee more then one. TTwo falfe knaues, neede no brokers. ? ♦Tvvo heads, are better then one. Two hungry meales, makes the third a glutton. Two may keepe counfell, when one is away. T 4 *" Threatned folke, liue long. 'SThere is no woe to want. A dVt, Three hungry meales, makes the fourth a glutton. rujW* ‘•Thatgroatcis ill fau’d, that fhames thereafter. There's craft in dawbing. *t- The burned child, dreads the fire. The X iA •& *■79 % 9 Prouerbes. The Crow doth thinke her ownebird faireft. The wcakeft goe to the walles. 4 ^ . s/0 „ The pot goes fo often to the water, that atlaft it comes broken* home. V Theblindeeatesmanyaflye. ^ The eye of the mafter makes the horfe fat. T he belly thinkcs the throate is cut. The wife and the fwordmay be fhewed, but not lent, The faireft Rofc,in three dayes is withered. * Tread vpon a worme, and fhee’le turne. Twixt two ftooles, the taile will goe to the ground. ^ The Cat loueth well filb, but fhe is loth her feete to wet. \ There is nofifhing to the fea, nor feruice to the King. They haue need of a blcffing, will kneelc to a thiftlc. J They loue dancing well, that will dance among thornes, • Ther’s no fcncefor ill fortune. • ■♦There is no weather ill, when the wind is ftili. The faire laRs all the yeere. • The pofteme doore, makes thiefc and -whore. ola • Two hands in a difh, and one in a puree. That’s bred in the bone, will notout of the flcfli. ps^ yrxr ^ t ' • The horfe next the mill, carries^all the gryft. The blacke Oxe hath not trod on his foote. 9 The counfcll thou wouldeft haue another keepe, firft keepe thy" fclfc. r V V > •* Y ertuleffe gentillity , is worfe thenbeggery. V- W • W E can ^ aue no morc °f Fox 3 but hisskinne. • What is a workeman without his tooles. What the lieart thmketh, the tongue fpeaketh. When the belly is full, the bones would be at refL — rWhen the head aketh, all the body is the worfe. When the yron is hot, ftrike. N jk s la, '*L '/% ^ A* “ Wheq i3o drolleries. r y 2-4 eJZcAj When the Piggc is proffered, hold vp the poke, -^■jC When the skie fiftieth, we (hall haue Larkes. When the ftcede is ftolnc, fhut the ftable doore. • When the Sunne fhineth, make hey. t When thy neighbours houie doth burne , bee carcfull of thine cvvnc. ** ru. o-i-t ur-^-o ^ ^ ^ When theeues fall ovt,true men come to their goods, i J W here nothing is, a little doth cafe. 7^ Where nothing is, the King muff lofe his right. , • Where faddles lack, better ride on a pad. then on the hotfe bare backe. Where be no re ceiue rs, there be no theeues. y ? vSy Where nought is to wend whit, wifemen flee the clog. -■i*- Where the hedge is loweft, men may fooneft ouer. Where wine is not common. Commons muft be fent. -^^Whilethe graflegroweth, the horfe ftarueth. Without hope, the heart would break e. Who is worfe fhod, then the fhoocmakers wife. Who lacketh a flocke, his gaine is not worth a chip. •Who mcdleth in all things, may fhoe the Goflings. (h 1 2- ft/ 1 ) Q Who fobolde as blinde Bayard. •br^-.l/oh te ^Cwho To deafens he that will not heare. '^4. Who fo that.knew what would bee deare , fhould neede bee a / Merchant but one yeere. y\ Who waiteth for dead mens fhooes, fhall goe long bare foote. •Who weddeth ere he be wife, fhall die ere he thriuc. / Will will haue wilt, though will woe winne. ? •Winne gold, and weare gold. •Wifhers and wouidcrs,be no good houfliolders. ,^-^Wit is neuer good, till it be bought. h U rr a ho that may not as they would, will as they may. Who fo d eafe, as he that will not heare. . w hen the wine is in, the wit is out. "pWe muft cut our coate, according to our cloth. • Where {hall a man haue a worfe friend , then hce brings from % home. i X U/vjr 7 ' What fome men winne in the fteere, they lofe in the hundred. ^ Wc loonc belceue what we defire. -> & {rt-^fh.6 When 'PYOuerbes. When the belly Is full, the bones would be at refi -—7 ^ ^ Y Y U gotten, ill fpent. %, Ynough is as good as a feaft. , SL_ Yong Saint, old Deuill. ^ ^ &■ y- tyoCJ^l\ <2 a-*Z-£. You cannot fare well, but you muft cry roaft-meate. You count your Chickins before they be hatchtr ?fC ^ Yong men thinkc that old men be fooles,but old mcad@e few V - * that yong men be fooles. ^ %***< Yong men may die, but old men muftdic, ’ You could not fee wood for trees, ' r*- f Pfvy^Ze ' U.'-Y^u T PomeiY Topnies. > F the dignitie of Poetry much hath beene faid by the worthy Sir ‘Philip Sidney , and by the Gentleman which proued that Poets where the firfl: Po. UticictHs, the firft Philofophers, the fir ft jftfioriographers. I will onely adde out (of Philo , that they were Gods owne creatures , who in his Bookc De Plant at tone Noe, reporteth', that when he had made the whole worlds mafTe; he created Poets to celebrate and fet out the Creator himfelfe, and all the Crea- tures : you Poets, reade the place and you will like it. Howlb- euer it pleafeth the Italian to cenfure vs ,• yet neither doth the Sunne fo farre retire his charriot from our Climate , neither are there leffefauourableafpeils between zany from Po ernes. Ffom v!ce to vertue , and a religious feare of God : or of our Claudius Clemens one of the firft founders of the vniuerfitieof Paris ; and doth moft cleerely appeare to all that can iudge by many learned Poemes publifhed in this our learned age. But whereas thefe latter are in euery mans hand , and the former are recouerable, I will onely giue you a tafteoffomeof middle age, which was fo oucrcaft with darke doudes,or rather thicks foggesofignorance, that euery little (parke of liberall learning feemed wonderfull : fothat if fometime you happen of an vn- couth word, let the timeentreate pardon for it, when as all Words, haue their times ; and as he faith : Itcmt femperque licebit, Signatumprafente notaprocudere nomen. Wee will beginne with Iofeph of Excefier , who followed our King Richard the firft, in his warres, in the holy-land, cele- brated his ads in a Booke called Antiockeidos , and turned Da- res P 'origins fo happily into Verfe,that it hath beene printed not long fincc in Germany, vnder the name of Cornelius Nepos. The palling of the pleafant Riuer Simon- by Troy , and the encounter betweene the waues of the Sea , and it, at the difenv* boging, or inlet thereof, he liuely fetteth forth thus : Proximo, rura rigans alio peregrinus ab or be Vtfstrus Troiam Simois, longoque meatti , Emtruiffc velit,vt per tot regna , tot vrbes , Exeat aqaoreas tundem Troiamts in vndas* Dumqm indefejfo miratttr Pergama vifn Lappirttm fajpendit iter,flnuwmqtie moratfir, Tardtor & totam c ample fit defiinat vrbem : Sttfpenjis infenfns aquis violentior in fat Nercus atque amnem cogens procuUre minor em 5 Proximits accedit vrbi , contendere credos Quis propior,Jtc olternis coneurritar vndis , Sic crebras iterant voces ,fic iurgia mifeent. You may at one view behold mount Ida with his trees, and the Countrey adiacent to Troy , in thefe few lines , as in a moft pleafant Profped, p relented vnto you thus, by the (aid Iofeph : Hand procttl inettmbens inter current thus amis* T % I dam •*S4 ‘Tomes] Idatu con fur git Apex, vet us incola mentis StluA viret, vernat abies prcccra, cuprejfus Flebilis, interpret laurus, vaga pin us, oliua Concilium , comas venatrixfraxmui audax. St at cemitis patiens vim as , nmquamq^ fenefeens Cantatnx buxus : panto proclaims aruum Ebria vitis habet non dedignat a latere CancricoUmpofcit Pbabum, vicinus art ft as Pragnantes facundat ager, non plura Falerntis Vina bibit, non tot pa fat Campania meftes. A right woman and Lady like difdaine may be obferued in the fame Author, where he bringeth in Pallas , mating dame Iuno with modeft difdainefulnelfe before Paris, in the addon of beau- ty, a matter of greateft importance in that lex , after tbis.man- &er of repiy : Magna parens fuperum, nec enim nego-; magna tonantu JVupta, nec inuides ; merttum, Paris inclyte, noftrum Si quod erat carpfit : teftorfreta, teftor Olympurm, 7" eft or butnum, non armatas in pr&Ua lingua Credtderam venijfedeas ‘ hac parte loquacem Erubeo fexum, minds bic qudm famina pojfttm -j Martem alitsm did/ci ,vittoria feda vbi villus "Plus Uadis Vittore feret, noftfifque trophais Hie baud not us bonos . Sed quo regina deamm Effatu tendit , Dea ft, cedo, imo "Dear urn Maxima, non dextra forti/i feeptra potent is 3 Partirtue Ioucm cert at im ventmus, ?IU Ilia bn be at, quc-fe o (lent at. In the commendation of Pntaine , for breeding martial! men., and praife of the famous King e Arthur , he fung in Ins ez/imto* sheidos thele which oncly remainc out of that worke : Inclitafulfit P after it as ducibus t antis, tot diues alumnis, 'got faasnda viris ,pramerent qui vtribus orient t yEtfama veteres. Htnc ( on ft ant inns adept us Imper 'mm, Romans tenuit, Byz,antion auxit. Hinc Senonumduttor captiud Erenntus vrbf , pom tile as dommt ftammis vittrtcilus arces , - - - • ■ -- - . FJm 2 . §5 'Tomes. ffinc (jr Sc£UA ft tm, pars nen obflcurd tUWUltui Ciutlis, Magnum folus qm molefloluta Gbfedit, melbrque fletit pro Cajare murua. FI me celebrifatofahci floruit ortu, Flos re gum Arthurm , cuius tamen aUaftupori Non micuere minus, tot pis quod in mre Voluptas, Ft populo plaudente fauns. Qu&cunque priorum Inflice, P eiUnm commendat fama Tyr annum, F agin a Caftreos loquitur Tftmana triumphos, Alciden domitls attollit gloria monftris Sed nee pinetum corylt , nec fydera ftlem ta£quant, Anmles Graios, Latiofque reuolue , Prtfcaparem nefcit, aqualcmpoftera nullum Fxbibitura dies. Reges fuperemtnet omnes Solus pr at eritis meltor, maiorquefuturis. .If a Painter would portraiteDeuils 3 let him paint them ire his colours, as Fcelix the old Monke of Cropland depainced the kuggesof Cropland ui his Verfes, and they will Icemc right Hel-hounds. Sunt aliqui quibus eft crinis rigidus , caput amphtm 3 Fro ns cornuta,gena diftorta , papilla corufcans , Os patulum. labra t urgent ia, dens praacutus, Ft quibus eft crinis quaftfeta, caput quaft tr uncus, Fi ons qua ft cera. gena quaft pix, oculus quaft car bo. Os quaft Jporta , 'abra quaftplumbum , dens quaft bptxm Sunt ali] qmbus eft vultusgibbofus (fr acer, N a flits curuatus &fcedus, aurts acuta , Ft grandis, ceruix dependens & macilenta ; Caftries & barb a ngens,frons & gena p aliens, Naf ts & auris olens, vertex & ftneiput horrent' - Et funt perplures quicrine videntur adufto , Fronts tract , nafo pragrandi, luminctoruo, Fauctbus borrendis , labris pendentibus, ore Jgniuomo , vultu fquameflo , vertice grojfo, Dente fero, mcntoperacuto,gutture raiico, Felle nigra, ftapul is contraEHs, ventre rapaci 3 Co flis mob t lib in, lumbis ardenubus, ants Cauda tie, g embus nedatis, crunbus vnch, ■ ' - ■ .•% ' ' ' T 3 Fiord. z$6. 'Tomes. PUntis anerfts ,talifque tumentibus t&funt Nonnulli, quibtu eft non horrtda forma, fed ipfe Horror , cum non (bit feeler ati, fed fcelus ipfum- He did (eeme alfo a good Poet in his age , which deferibed a great battaile betweene the Danes and the Englifh, thus : Eminus in pnmis hiberni grandinU tnftar Tela volans,fyluas baft arum fragmina frangunt. fifox ruitur propius, prafeinditur enjis ab enfe, C meuleatur equus ab equo, ruit boftis in h often*. Hie effoffa trahit bo ft Hi vifeera ferro, Hie tacet exammis fufd cum fanguine vita Htc pedis, Me man us, bic pebloris, tile lacerti Vulnere damnatus reditum propomt inmem: If he which feraped together the fragments of ancient Poets, had hapned on the Verfes following, written toaBifhop of Norwich, haply he would haue inferted them ; Magnus Alexander bellorum ftpe procellas Immtxtm fregtt ftndijs, Socratefque ftudendi Continuum folitut interrupijfe laborem , Threicitu tremulo numerauit poHice chordsu. Cedit zsitlas oneri, ciuilt feriptor ab enfe Julius abftinuit, inutElus fepe quieuit Alcides ,rigidum mollis lyraflexit Achillem, Tu quoque lugenti p atria grauite'rque dmque Expetlat parens Jibifluem viduata mar it urn lam Taft oralis No-rwici regia pofeit , &c. John Hanuilla Monke 'of Saint