PRICE, - FIVE CENTS.
PRÉCÉDÉ IJ BY EN H 1ST ERIC ML INTRODUCTION,
With a Plan of the Battle of January igth, 1871.
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128 24th Street.
MR, HEISE
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
Manufacturers of the
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EXPLANATION
Preceded by an Historical Introduction,
WITH f\ PLAN OF
The Battle of January igth, 1871.
F. PHILIPPOTEAUX;
18S4:
XL CHILJDS C2S CO.
163 DEARBORN ST.
, CHICAG0-
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
PANORAMA
* -OF THE——
Siege of Paris.
I^ISJPO^IGAL INWI^ODUGIPIOH.
IRAKIS, regarded as a fortified place, is surrounded by a continuous wall of
twenty miles in length, having ninety-four bastions, the approaches to which
are guarded by fifteen detached forts, some of them entitled to rank as real
"J fortresses per se. The whole forms an entrenched camp of vast extent, intended
not only to defend the capital and the immense riches it contains, but also to serve
as a shelter to the French armies, which, after having combated on different lines for
the defence of the frontier, might fall back to be reorganized under the cover of the
forts, meanwhile holding the greater part of an enemy's forces in check, and enabling
the provinces to levy fresh troops.
At the very commencement of the war, the existing fortifications were put into
& state of defence, and new works were raised on the elevated points which, if taken
possession of by the Germans, might endanger the outlying forts.
The improvements which had taken place in artillery, rendering It possible to
hurl with great precision, to a distance of at least four and a half miles, projectiles
weighing more than two hundred-weight, had rendered indispensable the occupation
of certain heights which, at the time of the construction of the fortifications, were
beyond the zone of possible attacks.
On the 13th of August, four important redoubts were commenced at Gennevil-
liers, at Montretout, on the plateau of ChStillon, and at the extremity of the counter¬
fort of the Hautes-Bruyères. That of Gennevilliers was intended to secure the
occupation of the peninsula, those of Montretout and Châtillon to prevent the
Germans from establishing themselves in positions whence they might have done
mischief to Mont-Valérien, the forts of Issy, Yanves, and Montrogue; that of the
Hautes-Bruyères was to cover the forts of BicÊtre and Ivry.
Panorama op the Siege of Paris.
Directly Opposite.the State St. Entrance of the Palmer House
13 LOC^TEID THE
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Panorama of 'rill Siege of Paris.
In addition, different works and batteries of less importance were raised at the
Port-à-l'Anglais, at the Moulin-Saquet, at the Moulin-dé-Pierre, at the Château de
Meudon, at the Capsulerie, and on the hillock of Brimborion, to sweep the banks of
the upper Seine, to command the ravines of Clamart, to support the redoubt of
Ghâtillon and prepare the defence of the wood of Meudon by connecting the latter
redoubt with that of Montretout.
The military engineers were also occupied in the completion of the defence of
the forts by the inundating of St. Denis, by the construction of exterior works,
breastworks, and mantlets on the ramparts ; the barracks and the powder-magazines
were plated with iron, the covered ways were palisaded, the avenues and accessory
defences at the points of attack were provided with all necessary precautions, such
as screens to guard against splinters, torpedoes, penthouses, etc.
The quarries that might have served as shelter to the besiegers were filled up or
defended by mounds of earth, the catacombs explored minutely, the houses which
might in any way obstruct the defence were demolished, the villages standing in the
neighborhood of the fortifications were prepared for defence, the bridges were
undermined, the woods of Boulogne and Yincennes were partly cut down. No doubt
these were painful sacrifices, but were borne with fortitude by the population, sus¬
tained by the thought that the salvation of the country might arise out of this very
destruction.
The putting the wall into a state of defence required labors not less ardqous.
It was necessary to provide for the safety of nine railways and fifty-nine gates com¬
municating with the open country (some of which were no less than nearly ninety
yards wide), to close up some of these gates, to cover others by mounds of earth,
and to establish drawbridges. •
On the fortifications were to be constructed forty powder-magazines and recep¬
tacles for ammunition large enough to receive a stock of more than a million pounds
of powder, to construct shelter trenches to protect the national guard from fragments
of broken missiles, to lay torpedoes on the principal avenues of the city, and to place
on the Seine, above and below, stockades to arrest the enemy's fireboats, etc.
When we add to this the inner entrenchment of the Point-du-Jour, that of the
park of the Muette, the marine batteries established in the Château de Saint-Ouen,
on the plateaux of Montmartre and Chaumont, the wooden structures erected by the
staff of the military engineers or by the city for barracks or hospitals on the exterior
bulwarks, on the Esplanade des Invalides, in the Champ-de-Mars, at the Camp of
Saint-Maur, in the plain of Courcelles, at the Luxembourg, the Jardin des Plantes
and Longchamps ; the powder-magazines at the Luxembourg, the Panthéon, the In¬
valides, etc.—we shall have given an idea of the multiplicity and importance of the
works undertaken for the requirements of the defence, the execution of which was
facilitated by the inexhaustible resources of the capital and the patriotism of its
population. Nor was this zeal confined to exterior defences only; within the walls
Paris teemed with barricades and other works constructed by the spontaneous impulse
of different local bodies.
Indeed there was no lack of self-devotion; and the military authorities found
efficient assistants in the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées, of the mines, and in the
different municipal and departmental offices, as well as in many private companies,
luclv as those of the Seine Boats, of the Omnibuses, and especially of the great Rail¬
way Companies. The members of the Academy, the savants attached to the Museum
of Natural History, offered spontaneously their useful co-operation, while companies
were organized on a military footing to become auxiliaries of the corps of the military
engineers.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
Sha^p & Smith,
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TIMES BUELDIXTG, CHICAGO.
REFERENCES.—Geo. Howland, Sup't of Public Schools, Chicago, 111. Gen. O. L. Mann, Chicago, IIL
H. L. Boltwood, Evanston, III. 8. H, Poabody, Prest. 111. Indust. University, Champaign, m.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
The works were carried on with great activity, and continued during the night,
with the help of the electric light, by more than 30,000 workmen.
About the middle of September, the redoubts of Gennevilliers, Montretout,
Châtillon, and the Hautes-Bruyères, as well as the other outlying works, were, if not
quite finished, at least in a state which permitted the defenders to find in them excel¬
lent points d'appui; the forts and the fortified wall had nothing to fear from sin-
prises or direct attacks on the part of the enemy.
Meantime, the Artillery Department placed on the parapets of the forts and of
the walls of Paris 1824 guns, among which were 200 of 34 bore, 200 marine guns of
10 bore, 50 of 19 bore, and one gun of 24 bore, which, placed in battery at the Mont-
Yalérien, was to send its projectiles of about 2 cwt. to the foot of the terrace of the
Château de Saint-Germain. Moreover, there was a reserve of 800 cannon to be con¬
veyed to points threatened by the enemy, 600 field pieces,* 180,000 chassepots, and
360,000 small arms of various models for the arming of the troops.
Paris had also its fleet, consisting of 5 floating batteries, 9 gun-boats, and 0
sloops, carrying altogether 24 guns, 19 of which were of great caliber.
The troops hastily called together for the defence of the entrenched camp in¬
cluded the 13th and 14th corps, under the orders of General Ducrot, 94 battalions of
mobiles (18 of which were of the department of the Seine), 7,000 marines, the re¬
serves of a great number of infantry regiments, the gendarmerie, the firemen, the
forest-guards, and more than 40 free corps These troops formed an effective force of
more than 240,000 men, to which must be added 250,000 of the National Guard,
charged with the defence of the wall.
But to put the capital into a state of defence'was not sufficient; it was as neces¬
sary to provide it with food enough to sustain a population of more than two millions
of inhabitants. These provisions were collected during the month of August and the
beginning of September as rapidly as was possible to the railways, encumbered as
they were by the transport of troops and war material. Paris contained towards the
middle of September 30,000 oxen, 200,000 sheep, about 150,000 bushels of com, nearly
400,000 bushels of flour, about 500,000 pounds of salted or preserved meats, besides
the provisions hoarded up by the inhabitants, 100,000 horses, and a number of mules.
Such was the situation when, on the 15th of September, the . Germans appeared
in view.
It was the advanced guard of the Third Army who presented themselves at
Lagny, Villiers, and Bonneuil.
Two armies were to invest Paris: the Third (under the command of the Crown
Prince of Prussia), and the Fourth (under the command of the Crown Prince of
Saxony).
The Third had marched from Sedan towards the Marne, which they had crossed
at Epeniay and Château-Thierry ; they advanced afterwards between the Seine and
the Marne, to occupy positions on the left bank of the Marne and of the Seine, south
of Paris. The Fourth Army, destined to occupy positions on the right bank to the
north, had marched to the right of the Third, following three roads by Creil and
Ecouen, Compiègne and Senlis, Soissons and Dammartin. The advanced guard
reached the environs of Pontoise on the 16th of September, and occupied the posi¬
tions assigned to them, without striking a blow.
* Wo may remark, however, that a great number of these guns, of an ancient model and not
rifled, could not compete with the modern artillery of the enemy, and were fit only for close
quarters.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
The Third Army had to fight for its position. On the 17th it threw a bridge
over the Seine between Ablon and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges ; on the 18th it continued
to advance along the south of Paris, by a movement from east to west, and passed
beyond Palaiseau and Bièvres. Up to this time there had been but few skirmishes of
importance.
On the 19th of September four divisions of the garrison made a strong sortie to
reconnoitre on the south of Paris, and had for twenty-four hours taken up their posi¬
tion on the heights before the forts of Issy and Vanves, at a short distance from the
road which the German columns were following on the march to Versailles.
The Fifteenth German Corps having come upon the French between the woods
of Verrières and Meudon, suspended their march and confronted them. The French
right wing, struck with a panic, fell rapidly back to the walls, and paralyzed the
attack at the very outset. The Germans took up a strong position from Villacoublay
to Petit-Bicêtre, and the Second Bavarian Corps, which arrived from Longjumeau to
Châtenay, came to occupy Sceaux and Bourg-la-Reine, threatening to turn the French
center if it advanced. The German corps even tried to break from Bourg-la-Reine
in the direction of Bagneux, but the fire of the fort of Montrouge arrested the
maneuver.
The defenders of the capital resolved to abandon for the time being the advanced
positions, blew up a great number of bridges, and retired behind the line of the forts.
From that time the Germans were able to establish themselves in strong defensive
positions, and to enclose the city in a circle of entrenchments and strong batteries.
The two German armies, at the end of September, were arranged as follows:
Designation of the Corps.
Infantry.
Cavalry.
Cannon.
Position.
S j 12th Corps
^ -J Guards
( 4th Corps
6th Corps
11th Corps
2nd Bavarian Corps
1st Bavarian Corps
bi 6th Corps
S Landwehr of the Guard
^ 17th Division of Infantry...
^5 Wurtemberg Division
£ 2nd Division of Cavalry
6th «
6th "
.4th
Totals
23,032
23,991
21,772
19,790
17,910
20,248
19,131
22,889
8,946
9,920
14,492
202,031
3,390
4,361
1,174
1,161
1,038
2,759
2,177
1,262
1,189
1,636
2,824
2,719
4,647
3,469
33,800
90
90
84
84
84
102
118
84
18
36
64
12
12
12
12
892
From Chelles to Aulnay.
From Aulnay to Montmagny.
From Montmagny to Croissy.
From Croissy to Bèvres.
From Sèvres to Meudon.
From Meudon to the Biêvre.
Between Montlhéry & Palaiseau.
J-From the Biêrve to the Seine.
j- From the Seine to Chelles.
From Saclay to Chevreuse.
From Chevreuse to Neauphle.
From Neauphle to Poissy.
In observation near Orleans.
However, by the 23rd of September, the redoubts of the Hautes-Bruyères, Ville-
juif, and the Moulin-Saquet had been re-taken by the besieged. The whole month of
October was employed in finishing the defensive works of the forts and the walls, in
connecting the forts one with the other by lines of entrenchments, in extending lines
of counter-attack towards the German positions, and in organizing troops intended to
operate outside the walls, so that on the plateau of Villejuif, in the peninsula of
Gennevilliers, around Saint-Denis, and in the valley of the Marne, entrenched camps
were formed to the extent of more than fifty miles of trenches. A great number of
batteries were put in position; redoubts were constructed at Charlebourg, the Moulin-
des-Gibets, at Bois Colombes, in the peninsula of Gennevilliers, and the work of the
Petit Pare in the bend of the Marne.
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Price of belt, complete, either male or female, $ 10 and
upward. Sent prepaid to any address for cash, or by
express c. O. D. Send stamp for new book with terms.
Dr. W. J. Hohne is the Inventor, Patentee, and
Manufacturer of the only combined Electric and
Magnetic Truss in the world.
The healinq power of these appliances to Rupture
and Kidney troubles is a world-wide fact. Both day
and night ease and comfort are insured. Yoid of pain,
and inconvenience is an impossibility. Thousands
cured. For the complete cure of Rupture, it is the only
genuine and successful Electro-Magnetic Truss in the
world.
DR. Horne's Electro-Magnetic Truss for the allevia¬
tion and cure of Hernia, supplies a want long felt by
the afflicted, and is a new departure, scientiffically, in
Medical Electricity. By a direct application of Elec¬
tricity and Magnetism to the Rupture, with this new
and wonderful invention, strength is produced in the
weakened parts, pain is allayed, nervous irritation is re¬
moved, and while the pad by its equalizing pressure
brings together and holds the ruptured parts, it also
produces by it its Electro-Magnetic construction such a
contraction of the muscular tissues, together with such
a healthful irritation of the weakened and lifeless
edges of the ring, that an effusion of lymph is produced
and the healing process is induced to such a degree that
a cure is certain. The Truss embraces in its Electro-
Magnetic power, and traverses by its electric currents,
the entire extent of the Hernia, and thus gives new life
not only to the parts affected, but to the entire abdomi¬
nal region, hence giving to it an efficient healing char¬
acter never before attained by any Truss in the world.
I challenge for it a scientific investigation of Its merits,
and warn the public against all pretended and bogus
Magnetic or Electric Pads and Trusses. The Elec¬
tricity.and Magnetism is felt immediately, and can be
recharged by the patient, without cost, in an instant.
The electricity from this Truss not only cures Rupture,
hut Kidney troubles, Nervousness and General Debility,
and gives new strength and vitality to the whole sys¬
tem. The negative pole is on the spine and positive on
the rupture, sending the electricity through the body.
It is the only genuine Electric Truss combining an
Electric-Magnetic Belt yet invented. Can be worn day
and night. Always retains its position; fits like a kid
glove, and is a perfect retainer.
DR. W. J. HOKNE,
Inventor, Prop'r., and Manufact'r.,
191 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
FIFTY YEARS A SUFFERER.
441 have been unable to walk over two or three blocks
for two years on account of severe rheumatism in my
knees, ankles and hips. Some thirty days ago I bought
one of Dr. Horne's wonderful $20 Electric Belts. Now
I can walk many miles. I have not been so free from
rheumatism for fifty years;as I am to-day. This Electric
Belt gave me immediate relief, and wards off all aches
and pains I have always felt prior to storms. You can
refer any one to me at 128 Michigan Ave.
Chicago, Dec. 22, 1883. W. R. Loomis."
THE SEXTON OF PLYMOUTH CHURCH
CURED.
I am prompted to make this public acknowledgement
of the wonderful merits of Dr. Horne's Electric-Mag-
netie Belts from the great relief and benefit obtained by
using one 60 days. I have suffered many years with
Kidney and Liver, Disease," Lumbago, Nervousness,
Rheumatism and Great exhaustion, in fact, was unfit
for work of any kind. Now I feel like a new man, so
great is the change in my health. I doctored with some
of the best physicians during those years, who dosed
and drugged, but did not cure me. Your $20 Electric
Belt is the best and cheapest curative agent in Amer¬
ica My sister got up from her sick bed after wearing
my Belt one day. I feel like a new being in every re¬
spect, and 1 shall use -my influence in behalf of your
admirable appliances. Most respectfully,
W. D. Clark, Sexton Plymouth Church,
Chicago, Oct. 30, '83. 2535 Michigan Ave.
FORTY YEARS A SUFFERER.
44 My age is nearly 60. Since I was 18 I have been
troubled with general debility, and have never been
strong. Five years 'since I was attacked with Catarrh
of the Bladder, and have suffered severely ever since.
My husband and many of his medical friends had pre¬
scribed many things. I visited the East and it proved
fruitless. Last December my husband purchased one
of Dr. Horne's Electro-Magnetic Belts. In four days I
began to improve. I have been completely cured of
that trouble, and my general health is better than for
forty years. I give your belt the credit for the change.
Mrs. Dr. c. s. Beiidsal,'-
Oct. 26, '83. Cor. 9th and Holiday Sts., Denver, Col.
A CITIZEN OF CHICAGO SAYS
44 This is to certify that I have worn one of Dr. Horne's
Electro-Magnetic Belts for six, weeks only, and that I
have received more good from it than all the medicine
J have taken in the last three years, during which time
I have been suffering from general weakness and all
forms of nervous debility. I have also tried three oth¬
er kinds of Electric Belts, which I have found to be of
no earthly good whatever, and that Dr. Horne's Belt is
certainly no humbug, as I have gained eight pounds in
weight in six weeks. I therefore recommend it to all
fellow sufferers, as the belt will certainly accomplish
all that is claimed of it. Yours respectfully,
Wm. G. Gotshalk,"
Chicago, Jan. 12, '84. 155 and 159 Market St
Panorama of the Siege of Parik.
At the same time strong reconnoitering parties were organized, and thus occurred
the battles of Chevilly on the 30th of September, of Bagneux on the 13th of October,
of Malmaison on the 21st of October.
On the 28th of October, some troops from the corps of Saint-Denis took by sur¬
prise the village of Le Bourget, and kept their position in that place for two days, in
spite of the continued fire of forty of the German cannon, but were obliged to retire
on the 30th before the attack of 15,000 men of the Prussian Guard.
That evacuation occurring simultaneously with the news of the capitulation of
Metz and of the negotiations that M. Thiers was carrying on with Versailles in order
to obtain an armistice, caused an excitement in Paris which resulted in an attempt to
overthrow by a popular revolution the Government of the National Defence, who re¬
mained, however, masters of the situation.
At the beginning of the month of November the forces of the defence were
divided into three armies, and four companies for active service were levied from
each of the 286 battallions of the National Guard.
This new arrangement notified a new phase, i. e. that of active defence. On the
28th of November the governor had the plateau of Avron, before Rosny, occupied by
seventy-six pieces of artillery; this place overlooks the Marne and commands the
fords near the junction of that river with the Seine. An energetic sortie was to be
attempted on the 29th, whilst several secondary attacks were to be made on the north,
south, and west, to divert the attention of the besiegers from the main attack.
. The attempt was delayed by the ill-success of the endeavor to establish some
bridges of boats over the Marne which were not ready till the 30th of November.
On the 29th, therefore, the action was confined to a violent cannonading from the
forts against the German positions and the attack on the Gare aux Bœufs, at Choisy
le Roi, and at l'Hay, by the troops under the orders of General Vinoy. On the 30th
tho army of General Ducrot crossed the Marne on the bridges thrown over between
Joinville and Nogent. This army, numbering 60,000 men, easily drove back the
Prussian posts from Villiers to Champigny. But on the right, the division Susbielle,
advancing from Cliarenton, after having occupied Montmesly, where the Germans
had only some detachments, was vigorously attacked by thé Wurtemberg General
Obernitz, supported by the Prussian reserves cantoned at Valenton. The division
Susbielle fell back as far as Créteil. General Ducrot, at the end of the day, had oc¬
cupied on the left only the line from Brie sur Marne to Champigny.
The demonstration of the day before had been renewed on the side of Vitry and
Choisy-le-Roi, and, on the north, the village of Épinay, on the road to Pontoise, had
been taken and kept during the whole day. Meantime, the great battery of the
plateau of Avron was firing in the direction of Chelles and Goumay, in order to
counteract the movements of the German troops who might advance from north to
south towards the peninsula of the Marne, where, without doubt, the Germans felt
the necessity of summoning reinforcements.
The 1st of December was employed by the besiegers in preparing a counter¬
attack against General Ducrot's positions, and by the latter in establishing himself
strongly in those same positions ; he was not disturbed in his task, the Germans being
not yet in force before him. The Germans, reinforced on the right and on the left,
increased, during the night of the 1st to the 2nd, to 50,000 men in number in the
peninsula of the Marne; and early on the second of December they surprised and
overwhelmed the advanced posts. But General Ducrot, on his side, had been rein¬
forced by the corps d'Exéa. The barricades of the villages and the possession of
the heights from Brie to Champigny enabled him to arrest from 7 till 8 o'clock the
euoccess obtained at first by the Germans. At 9 o'clock, the German reserves were
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
engaged on the brow of Villiers-Cceuilly. The combat was violent on the whole line ;
the French were efficiently seconded by the heavy artillery that was firing from the
right bank of the Marne. However, the Germans turned the French positions, and
their attacks became fiercer and more deadly than those of their opponents. On the
left, the French retook Brie-sur-Marne from the Saxons and repulsed their renewed
attacks ; gradually gaining ground on that side, the battle assumed a more favorable
aspect for the besieged. The Germans, however, received, by Villeneuve, the support
of a brigade, and used all their efforts to prevent their assailants from issuing from
Champigny. Night ended the combat.
The French loss was 6,000 men killed or wounded, of whom 414 were officers.
The losses of the Germans were nearly equal.
If the aim of the sortie was to force an army through the German lines in order
to join that of the Loire on the road of Orleans, that end was not attained. On the
3rd of December the French troops were brought back to the right side of the Maine,
without being seriously attacked dining the passage of the river.
On the 21st of December the same troops advanced to the plain, before the fort
of Aubervilliers, and endeavored, with the corps of Saint-Denis, to take the village
of Le Bourget ; but the strength of the German positions behind the inundations of
the Morée, their numerous artillery, and above all the excessive cold, which during
one night froze to death more than 900 men in the trenches, caused that attempt to fail-
Meantime, the besiegers were preparing powerful means of attack on the forts
and the city, in order by bombardment to satisfy the public opinion of Germany, irri¬
tated by so long a resistance. It was believed that the famous psychological moment
predicted by the German press had now arrived. On the 27th of December, the
powerful artillery, established by the besiegers at Le Raincy, at Gagny, and Noisy-
le-Grand, ploughed up with their projectiles the plateau of Avron, rendered that
position untenable, and cannonaded at the same time the forts of Noisy, Rosny, and
Nogent; 3,000 shells fell on the batteries of Avron, and from 5,000 to 6,000 on the
eastern forts or in their neighborhood.
This cannonading was but the prelude of a more intense bombardment On the
morning of the 5th of January, the besiegers opened the batteries of the southern
heights, hurled more than 5,000 projectiles on the forts of Montrouge, Vanves, and
Issy, and began on the following night the bombardment of the city.
At that period, the besiegers' batteries were established at the pavilion of Bre-
teuil, near the station of Meudon, near the Chalets, on the hillock of the Moulin-de-
Pierre, at the Plâtrière, on the plateau of Châtillon, above the village of Clamart, at
the Tour-des-Anglais, at the Tour-de-Crouy, at Fontenay, at Bagneux ; and comprised
123 great guns.
The besiegers cannonaded also the redoubts of the Hautes-Bruyères, the Moulin-
Saquet, and the village of Villejuif with artillery put in position in the village of
l'Hay and at Chevilly. The forts of the south and the artillery of the walls often
returned vigorously the fires from those batteries, silencing them sometimes, and even
blew up a powder-magazine at the batteries of the Moulin-de-Pierre of the Plâtrière
de Châtillon. Nevertheless the Germans continued firing regularly on the town.
It was then also that Paris began to suffer seriously from hunger. Everyone re¬
members those interminable queus at the doors of the district butchers and bakers,
standing in the rain or in the snow, amidst falling shells, to obtain a few grammes of
meat and about ten ounces of bread, containing at most twenty per cent, of flour.
At this last period of the seige the defenders made a supreme effort; on the 19th
ef January all the troops (infantry of the line and gardes mobiles), ord the mobil-
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
ised National Guard, attacked, without any possible chance of success, the fortified
defences of the park of Buzenval.
The conflict of this day forms the subject of the Panorama.
On the 21st of January the Germans endeavored, but vainly, to send shells into
the quarters of la Yillette, intending no doubt to excite the numerous and restless
population of those suburbs. At the same time their batteries established at Le
Bourget, at Stains, at Pierrefitte, on the Butte Pinson, at Montmagny, at Deuil, at
Montmorency, on the hillock of Orgemont, concentrating their fires towards St. Denis,
overwhelmed with great projectiles the forts, the cathedral, the establishment of the
Légion d'Honneur, ruining a great number of private houses. At the same date the
bombardment was extended to the redoubts of St. Maur and the Petit-Parc, the vil¬
lage of Joinville, and even the fort of Vineennes, by means of batteries established
at Champigny and Yilliers.
About this time also occurred the sad episode of a new insurrectional attempt,
which took place on the 32nd of January, and was as fruitless as that of the 31st of
October.
On the 26th of January, at midnight, the basis of an armistice having been
agreed upon between the Government and the head of the German army, the fire
ceased on both sides, and the following day the news of the cessation of the resist¬
ance surprised an army and a population filled with the delusive belief that they
might still have resisted.
Such were the principal events of the seige of one hundred and thirty-two days,
borne with a constancy beyond all praise.
The number of projectiles hurled from the German batteries during the last
month of the siege may be estimated at more than 200,000, of which one half fell
on the forts of Issy, Vanves, and Hontrouge. The fort of Issy alone received 60,000
of them.
Thus ended the most wonderful siege recorded in the history of the world. The
siege of Jerusalem by Titus, that of Rome by Alaric,of Constantinople by Mahmoud
II., of Vienna by Kara Mustapha, memorable as they are, are dwarfed by comparison
with that which has been briefly sketched. If we consider the mightiness of the
combatants who contended for the mastery of the Queen of cities; the gigantic
issues involved; the immense population of non-combatants enclosed; the skill,
tenacity, and vigilance with which the besiegers guarded every access and outlet; the
desperate bravery with which the defenders hurled themselves so frequently but so
vainly against the impenetrable iron wall that held their loved town in its vice-like
grasp, or the fortitude of the hundreds of thousands of women and children who
endured the suspense, privations, and dangers of those four terrible months—it will
we think be conceded that the skilled pencil of the artist could have found no
worthier theme for a grand Panorama than The Siege of Fabis.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
SCHWEITZER & BEER
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136 STATE ST. CHICAGO.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PANORAMA.
It is the 19th of January, 1871, in the latter days of the seige. For four months
isolated from the rest of France by the investment, Paris has seen the hostile posi,
tions incessantly strengthened round her. The bombardment commenced fourteen
days ago, and day and night the German projectiles reached the monuments, the
squares, the hospitals, the dwellings, throughout half of the extent of the town.
Provisions are exhausted, and famine is imminent; bread, long since issued in rations
is about to fail altogether; the winter is rigorous, and firewood and "coals are spent.
The journals, the clubs, a large portion of the population, demand a renewed and
energetic effort to break the circle which confines the capital, and the Government de¬
cides on a direct attack on Versailles, with the fort of Mont-Valérien as base. The
army destined for the sortie is divided into three columns. The right whig, under
General Ducrot, comprises '27,500 men ; the center, under General de Bellemare, num¬
bers 34,500; and General Vinoy, on the left disposes of 22,250. Unfortunately, the
default of precise marching instructions leads to a lamentable entanglement in the
columns, at the bridges of Neuilly, Asnèires, iand Courbevoie, numerous delays re¬
sult, and the attack fails in method and ensemble.
Neverthless, the right wing, since the morning, has held possession of the re¬
doubt of Montretout, previously occupied by a strong detachment of the 9th German
Division.
In the centre, General de Bellemare seizes the curb's house and château of Bu-
zenval, but is checked before the plateau of La Bergerie.
The right wing, much delayed in its march, stricken full in front by the batteries
of St. Michel, taken in flank by the artillery of the 4th Division of the enemy estab¬
lished on the peninsula of Argenteuil, attacks the positions opposed to it, but formid¬
able obstacles arrest the soldiers. The Germans, seeing the attack paralyzed, take
he offensive in turn; they are twice repulsed, the French 'lines maintain themselves
in their positions, but night falls, and General Troehu gives orders to retreat. The
loss of the French on that day was 3,000 men killed and wounded.
Twenty-two regiments of mobilised National Guards took part in this affair, and
their losses were cruel. Amongst men distinguished by their talents or birth, the
painter Regnault, the Marquis de Coriolis, and L. Lambert (who was to attempt the
discovery of the North Pole), fell under the Prussian balls.
Paris, starving and desperate, saw her last hope vanish, and on the 26th of Janu¬
ary the armistice was signed.
* * * * * * *
The spectator stands on the roof of a house at Montretout, and looks upon the
scene from its parapet, which is greatly injured by the German shells.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
The canvas represents the moment of the battle when the left wing has just
established itself on the top of the plateau. The redoubt of Montretout is in its
power; the prisoners are led away, and by the order of General Yinoy, who has just
arrived, four guns are being directed towards the redoubt. But the horses, exhaust¬
ed, struggle painfully over the wet ground, and several cannon are dismounted or
upset, for fifty-three hostile pieces are concentrating their fire on the battle-field.
4 From the terrace of the house where the spectator is placed can be seen Mont-
Valérien, protecting the march of the French reserves by the fire from its batteries.
At the very foot of the house the 4th Regiment of the National Guard, commanded
by Colonel Bixio, are in the act of re-forming; whilst on the road which runs parallel
with the Seine is advancing the column of General Nëel ; and near the clock-tower
of Saint Cloud, Colonel Lareintz, at the head of the Mobiles of Loire Inférieure, and
preceded by the Francs-tireurs of the Ternes, is proceeding towards the park Pozzo
di Borgo, of which he is about to take possession. On this side the eye takes in the
whole of Paris and its buildings, extending in a long line, the most salient features
being the Arc de Triomphe, the churches of St. Augustin, the Invalides, Ste. Clotilde,
La Trinité, St. Sulpice, Ste. Geneviève (the Panthéon), Notre Dame, the Grand
Opera, the Observatory, etc. ; one also sees part of the surrounding wall, whence
the artillery is thundering on the German positions ; the fort of Bicêtre on the hori¬
zon, and more on the right the forts of Montrouge, Vanves, and Issy, dominated by
the enemy's batteries of Châtillon and Meudon.
The communes of Suresnes, Puteaux, Courbevoie, Passy, Auteuil, Boulogne,
Point du Jour, Billancourt, Grenelle, are discovered in the valley of the Seine; also
the Bois de Boulogne and the race-course, which seems to be at the spectator's feet.
Towards the west stretches the park of St. Cloud, whence is still rising the smoke
of the conflagration which is devouring the palace. In this direction the sharp¬
shooters of the 139th Regiment of the Line and the Mobiles are attacking the houses
of Montretout, from which the Prussians are pouring a deadly fire.
The road which ascends from St. Cloud towards Buzenval and La Bergerie is
guarded by the mobiles of La Vendée and La Drôme. The sharpshooters of the 4th
Zouaves are pushing as far as the fathermost houses of Garches, which can be seen
in the dale that borders the part of St Cloud. On the heights on the side of the re¬
doubt can be seen an angle of the park of Buzenval; the reserves of the center
column are on their way thither, as the resistance of the Germans is very obstinate
in that quarter, and the struggle is terrible.
Behind these heights is spread the forest of St Germain, the somber outline of
which vanishes behind Mont-Valerien. In this direction is the farm of La Fouilleuse,
on which leans the column of De Bellemare.
Finally, on the slopes of MontValèrien, appear the heads of the column of
General Ducrot, whose artillery is answering the fire of the Prussian batteries.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
WHAT THE PAPERS SAY.
The panorama of the Siege of Paris, southeast corner of Wabash Avenue and
Hubbard Court, was opened yesterday afternoon to the stockholders and members of
the press. The picture is painted upon canvas sixty feet in width or hight, encir¬
cling the building. The spectator stands on the top of a house at Montretout and
surveys, the surrounding scene from its parapet, on which photographs were taken by
the artist a few days after the surrender. The house which has been greatly dam¬
aged by shells from the batteries is represented by actual timber. Its grounds are
partly represented by graveled walks, natural earth and trees, some broken and bear¬
ing seared leaves, others green and fresh. These objects blend so nicely with the
colors of the canvas that it is almost impossible to tell where real nature ends and
art begins. The beholder sees no picture, such is the optical illusion. The hights,
towers, hills and fortifications touching the distant clouds, to the imagination are rea-
objects lying far away, whose outlines are indistinct in the hazy light. To the spec¬
tator the line of vision is bounded by the horizon, and the assertion that those towers
are only forty-five feet instead of five miles distant seems like vandalism. The color¬
ing is pale. In this respect the landscape is unnatural, but it is shown under abnor¬
mal conditions when wrapt in the leaden cloak of war. The air is filled with smoke
from musket and cannon and jthe ruins of the palace, for the scenes portrayed are
those of January 19, 1871, at the moment when the left wing of the French army,
which had gone out to fight its way into the country and get bread for the people, of
the starving city, was establishing itself on the top of the plateau. The redoubt of
Montretout, which lies wijbin gun-shot of the point of view, has just been taken, and
the German prisoners are being marched away under escort. The pieces of the seige
ordnance captured in the stronghold are being pulled over the wet ground almost
axle-deep in the mud in which the horses bog to the knees.
The picture has a proper setting with regard to the points of the compass. To¬
ward the north the spectator sees batteries of Mont Yalérien protecting the march of
tho French reserves. Close to the base of the house upon which the spectator is
standing the Fourth Regiment is reforming, while along the road to the east the col¬
umn of General Nëel is advancing. Looking above their heads the spectator sees the
River Seine, the race-course, the famous bridge, the Bois de Boulogne, with a bird's-
eye view of the City of Paris, the most conspicuous sights of which are the Triumphal
Arch, the dome of the new opera house which strangely appears in the immediate
neighborhood of Pfere-la-Chaise, the white tombstones of which stand forth in bold
outline upon the side of dark, greenish hights. Just beneath the line of the horizon
are the Hotel des Invalides, the Soldiers' Hospital, the domes of the churches of Notre
Dame and St. Sulpice and the Jewish Synagog. Out of the centre of the compact
array of houses to the eastward arises a black cloud of smoke with a red base, which
marks the place from whence the French were trying to engage the enemy's batteries
upon the hights of St. Cloud toward the southwest. Boulogne lies just across the
river from Montretout, and the shot-riddled steeples of its churches help to tell the
story of the siege, The houses in the immediate neighborhood of the one from which
the view is taken are barricaded, and the smoke is bursting from the windows and
portholes which have been bored through the walls by-rival cannon-shot. French
soldiers in battalions and regiments are scattered over the open field toward the west
and are marching against the Prussians and Germans, who hold the Park of St. Cloud,
indicated by the tops of the trees which crown the nearest eminence, a thick column
of smoke indicating the destruction of the palace.—Chicago Tribune, June 20th, 1884.
Most people think a Panorama is a strip of painted canvas ten feet wide, set up
on edge and laboriously reeled off by the yard at the tap of a man with a long stick.
There is as much difference between the panorama of thirty, or even five, years ago
and that wonderful creation of genius, the panorama of the Siege of Paris, as there
is between the primeval ox-cart and a Pullman palace car. The magnificent painting
hangs in a complete circle against the inner walls of an immense and ornamental
building 400 feet in circumference and 75 feet high. The point of observation is an
elovated platform in the centre, and the effect is the same as though the observer
were suddenly transported to the locality depicted. He sees no painting, only a land¬
scape stretching to the horizon line, which in the case of the Siege of Paris includes
the beautiful city of Paris in the distance, the protecting forts, the Bois de Boulogne,
suburban villas, and the winding Seine, w hile around on him on every side embattled
hosts are painting with human blood a new map of Europe. It is one of the wonders
of the age, and is to be seen at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Hubbard Court,
Chicago.—The Inter Ocean.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
WHAT THE PAPERS SAT.
On Thursday evening last the American Panorama Company found it advisable,
in advance of the advertised time, to open to the public, its new building at the south¬
east corner of Wabash Avenue and Hubbard Court, containing the Philippoteaux
panorama of the Siege of Paris. The work is by the father of the artist who painted
the Battle of' Gettysburg, exhibited across the avenue. Much of the matter descrip¬
tive of the method of that work is applicable to this. There is the same, marvelously
skillful blending of the actual perspective of the little eminence on which the observer
stands—a house-top in this case—with the vast assimulated perspective of the paint¬
ing. the same impression of actual distance as one looks over the immense stretch of
landscape. Unlike a-battle in an open field, the circumstances allow of the exhibition
of the forces engaged on one side only. Necessarily a single moment of time had
to be taken, and the one chosen was that of the last desperate attempt of the French
to break through the beleaguering German lines. A near redoubt has just been
wrested from the German grasp, and their forces have retired inter the houses of a
neighboring village, from which the French troops are seeking to dislodge them.
The eye cannot see them ; it sees only the evidence of their presence in the countless
puffs of white smoke issuing from every door and window, and fracture in walls and
fences, and one who has ever seen an actual attempt to dislodge a stubborn foe from
such a position of vantage needs nothing more than is seen to suggest the desperate
conflict. The position is well chosen, too, to show a comprehensive view of Paris
itself from the Arc de Triomphe of the first Napoleon to the Pantheon and the great
bridge across the Seine, as well as the commanding heights seized upon by either side
for attack or defense. One'cannot but be struck with the remarkable degree of finish
and of particularity of detail for so vast a work. Certainly these two great paint¬
ings—and this one no less than the other—open to our public new and enlarged ideas
of the possibilities of pictorial art, and the exhibition of such works offers to thou¬
sands places of resort not only educating and elevating, but, in the highest sense, en¬
tertaining.—Chicago Times, June 22nd, 1884.
Every day brings something new, and yesterday was no exception to the rule.
The panorama of the Siege of Paris was opened to the public, and met with the gen¬
erous patronage it well deserves. It is housed in a very fine architectural structure
of brick, on the corner of Hubbard Court and Wabash Avenue, directly opposite the
Battle of Gettysburg, in a building about the same size oh the ground, and possibly
twenty feet higher. The wood-work, the reception parlors, the halls, the stairways
leading to the forum, and all of its surroundings, are in keeping with the magnifi¬
cent work of art to be seen within, where the work of illusion, or perhaps we should
Say of delusion, almost passes comprehension.
The visitor stands upon a platfonn possibly forty feet in diameter, and looks out
upon a scene of devastation that simply appals a mind unused to the havocs of war.
A city literally in " sackcloth and ashes," besieged by a powerful, murderous foe,
armed with all the modern engines of war, from without, threatened by starvation
and insurrection within, yet defended with that desperation only exhibited by men
fighting to preserve the altars and idols of home. Blood, slaughter, destruction and
devastation on every side, despoiling with relentless cruelty the stately edifices built
by the pride of man to be razed hi his fury. How such a scene can be portrayed
upon canvas, and so vividly that one can almost see the moving life, and hear the
shouts and groans of men from out the roar and thunder of cannon, passes under¬
standing. The platfonn stands hi the midst of a walled enclosure, and all seems,
for fifty feet, on every side, real. Buildings battered down by the enemies' guns,
roofs broken in, fences and palings standing in fragments around soldier-tramped
flower gardens and mutilated fruit trees, all blending away into the illusive painting
with a perspective almost alive in reality, extending over an area of forty miles, in
wliich the beautiful environments of Paris are literally ploughed up by havoc of war.
The canvas, which is invisible, to use a contradictory term, hangs against the inner
wall of the round building, extending entirely around, to a height of about fifty-five
feet and contains about 2,400 square yards. It was painted by Felix Philippoteaux,
the father of the artist who painted the Battle of Gettysburg, and is a work of art
well worthy of its magnificent mounting.—Chicago Saturday Evening Herald.
Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
WAR VOLUMES OF HARPER'S WEEKLY.
The only work preserving illustrations that appeared in
Harper's Weekly during the War, is
Harper's Pictorial HistorpRekllion.
2 volumes (same size page as weekly), containing One Thousand
large engravings. Prices:—Cloth, $14; half Turkey Morocco,
marbled-edges, $20; full Turkey Morocco, gilt edges, $30. Deliv¬
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113 Dearborn St., Chicago.
t®"~This work was prepared by Messrs. Harper & Bros, with the special object
of preserving their famous War Sketches, and now that the plates of the Weekly
are destroyed, is positively the ONLF means of obtaining them.
Panorama of .the Siege of Paris.
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" The Siege of Paris," painted by the elder I'liilippoteaux, is now on exhibition
from 8:30 a. in. until 10.30 p. m. daily, including Sunday, in a handsome new building
at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Hubbard Court. The realism of the scene
presented is absolutely perfect. Across the way is the panorama of "The Battle of
Gettysburg," ( which has already won the way into public favor and patronage.
Though similar in construction, the scenes represented are so entirely different that
no one should see one without seeing the other. They are the two most interesting
subjects of the two most interesting wars of this half century:—The Chicago Herald.
An Incident of the Panorama-
Yesterday a hearty-looking, thick-set man was admiring the panorama of the
Siege of Paris. " l)o you see that clump of bushes over in that little park?" he sud¬
denly exclaimed to a bystander, his face lighting up with animation. " Do you see
these two wounds on my head and this hole in my ankle? I got them right there. I
was a Sergeant in the Thirty-ninth Regiment of French Infantry. Excuse me, but
it makes the tears come up to see the place again. One can't help feeling a little
soft, you know, at such times." -Chicago Tribune.
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Panorama of the Siege of Paris.
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