F
FS
IDAHO
760418
NEPA COLLECTION
Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL 60201
OGUS
ASIN
PROPOSED SKI AREA EXPANSION
DRAFT
ENVIRONMENTAL
STATEMENT
BOISE NATIONAL FOREST
U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE
REGION 4

3 5556 030 838973
USDA FOREST SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT
BOGUS BASIN SKI AREA EXPANSION
USDA-FS-R4-DES (Adm) R4-76-7
Prepared in Accordance with
Section 102 (2) (c) of Public Law 91-190
SUMMARY SHEET
I.
Draft (x)
Final ( )
II.
Boise National Forest, Forest Service, USDA
III.
Administrative (X)
Legislative ( )
IV.
Brief Description of Action
This environmental statement reviews the expansion proposal
for the Bogus Basin Ski Area. The expansion would take place
on the Boise National Forest in Boise County, Idaho. The
expansion area development would be supported by base facil-
ities located on private land. The proposal calls for the
addition of 1,370 acres to this use upon which two double
chairlifts, a warming lodge, and several ski runs will be
developed. The expansion will bring the Bogus Basin ski
slope capacity from 2,267 to 3,793 skiers at one time.
V.
Summary of Environmental Impacts and Adverse Environmental
Effects
The expansion will allow for the provision of low density/
high quality skiing on an area close to a major population
center in southwestern Idaho.
Environmental impact will be primarily upon the soil and
water. Adherence to good design and construction standards
with prompt stabilization and revegetation measures will
reduce impacts to acceptable limits. Water quality will be
protected from pollution sources by adherence to Federal
and State requirements.
No significant impact is anticipated on wildlife, vegetation,
air quality, and scenics.
-i-
The major consideration is the allocation of this land area
to the long term commitment of a winter sports area.
VI.
Alternatives Considered
Development of the Environmental Statement on the proposal
to expand the permitted area at Bogus Basin included an
evaluation of the following alternatives:
1.
Do Not Allow Expansion Beyond the Present
Permitted Area
This alternative will limit development to the
area within the present boundary and result in the
quality skiing standards, as agreed upon by ski
area management and the U. S. Forest Service,
being surpassed under present skier demand.
2.
Expand into an Area other than the Pine Creek Area
This alternative evaluates the capability of
adjacent land areas to meet skier demands based
on environmental impacts created.
3.
Advertise and Publish a Prospectus for the Thorn
Creek Butte Area
1
This alternative evaluates a site that has been
identified as having ski area capability and that
may be developed to accommodate skiers' demands
as total capacity is reached at the Bogus Basin
area.
VII.
Agencies, Groups, and Individuals Draft Environmental
Statement Sent To
A.
Elected Representatives
Senator Frank Church
Senator James McClure
Representative George Hanson
Representative Steve Symms
Governor Cecil Andrus
Ada County Commissioners
Boise County Commissioners
Canyon County Commissioners
Mayor Dick Eardley
-ii-
B.
Federal Agencies
-
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10
Director, Office of Environmental Project
Review, USDI
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense - Army Corps of Engineers
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Water Resources Council
Department of Transportation
Office of Economic Opportunity
Federal Energy Administration
Office of Equal Opportunity
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
C.
State and Local Agencies
State of Idaho - Division of Budget, Policy Planning,
and Coordination
State of Idaho, Department of Communications
State of Idaho, Department of Resources
State of Idaho, Department of Fish and Game
State of Idaho, Department of Lands
State of Idaho, Department of Law Enforcement
State of Idaho, Parks & Recreation Department
Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
University of Idaho - Library
Boise State University - Library
Idaho State University - Library
College of Idaho - Library
Idaho State Historical Society
Ada Council of Governments
Boise City Recreation Department
-
D.
Organizations
Bogus Basin Recreational Association
Greater Mores Creek Association
Capital 4&4's - John Turner
Harris Lumber Company
Idaho Motorcycle Association - Kent Lambertson
Clear Creek Association
Boise Snowmobile Club Jerry Whitehead
Gem State 4-Wheel Drive Association
Bogus Basin Ski Patrol - Bud Fuller
Boise Chamber of Commerce
Shafer Butte-Deer Point Electronics Site Users
Association - Bob Engle
-
-iii-
E
Individuals
Jack DeChambeau
cliff Green
Janet Ward
Charles Jensen
Harold Percy
Ann Peterson
Malcom Schnitker
VIII.
Draft Environmental Statement made available to the Council
DEC 19 1975
on Environmental Quality and the public on
-1-
LOCATION MAP
BOGUS BASIN SKI AREA
BOISE NATIONAL FOREST

STATE
OF
IDAMO
Mongolia
BOGUS' BASIN
SKI AREA
RANCKS
NORIKKE
CR.
SHARER
SUTTE
SOUTH PORT
CREEK
و ... رفته است. جن
SEFER
CR
BOISE
ADA
FK. CLEAR CR.
BOISE
NATIONAL
FOREST :
COUNTY
COUNTY
NORTH
BOISE
-V-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.
DESCRIPTION
A.
Background
....
...
1
.
B.
Geographical Location
2
C.
Ecological
1.
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
General Climatic Conditions
Geology Soils
Water
Air Quality
Vegetation
Wildlife
2
4
7
7
7
8
.
D.
Social Cultural
1.
2.
.
.
3.
Visual Quality
Population and Growth
Employment
Income
Historical and Archeological
Special and Land Uses
4.
8
9
11
11
12
13
5.
6.
E.
Analysis of Planning and Development to Date
14
F.
Description of Proposal
26
.
II.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
A.
Primary Impacts
1.
Ecological
a.
b.
.
.
Soil & Water
Vegetation
Air
Wildlife
31
41
41
41
C.
d.
.
2.
Resource Uses and Values
a.
.
b.
Special and Land Uses
Outdoor Recreation
Timber Production and Harvest
Scenics
Historical and Archeological
.
0 0 0 0
42
43
43
44
44
C.
d.
.
.
.
e.
-vi-
Page
3.
Protection and Management
a.
b.
.
•
.
.
C.
d.
General
Wildfire.
Resource.
Administrative Improvements
Insect and Disease.
Public Safety .
Transportation.
44
45
45
45
45
45
46
e.
f.
8.
0
•
B.
Secondary Impacts
1.
Social-Cultural-Economic
a.
b.
Economic.
Population and Growth
Income and Employment
47
47
47
.
.
C.
.
III.
SUMMARY OF PROBABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE
AVOIDED.
48
.
IV.
O
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT TERM USES OF MAN'S
ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF
LONG TERM PRODUCTIVITY ..
48
V.
IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES
49
VI.
ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
A.
Alternative 1 - No Expansion Beyong Present
Permitted Boundary.
49
.
B.
-
Alternative II Expand Into An Area Other Than
the Pine Creek Drainage
50
1.
O
North Fork Clear Creek
Macks Creek and Mores Mountain
50
50
2.
.
.
C.
-
Alternative III - Advertise and Publish a Prospectus
for the Thorn Creek Butte Area.
51
.
.
1.
2.
3.
Description.
Effects.
Economics.
Social
Evaluation
51
52
52
53
53
.
.
.
4.
.
.
5.
.
-vii-
Page
VII.
CONSULTATION WITH APPROPRIATE FEDERAL AGENCIES AND
REVIEW BY STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES.
54
.
APPENDIX (Enclosures, Tables, Bibliography)
58
-viii-
I. DESCRIPTION
A.
Background
The Bogus Basin Ski Area embraces both private and National Forest
land. Ski facility improvements upon this land area include five
double chairlifts, a pomalift, three rope tows, and 36 ski runs.
Approximately 63 percent of the lift facilities and 65 percent of
the ski runs are located upon National Forest land. Occupancy of
National Forest land is authorized under the instrument of a
Special Use Permit. Complementing the lift and run facilities are
two day lodges, several parking lots and miscellaneous maintenance
and administration buildings, all which are located upon the pri-
vate land portion. Sanitation and water supply facilities have
been developed on the private land area to support the skiing
activity. In the summer of 1975, 40 condominium units were con-
structed on a portion of the private land.
The first special use permit issued to authorize ski area develop-
ment facilities on National Forest land occurred on January 26,
1942. This original permit was amended in 1958, 1959, and 1963.
The current permit was issued on July 19, 1965 with amendments in
1968, 1970, and 1975. Approximately 63 acres are presently under
special use occupancy permit and encompassed within an area boun-
dary of approximately 1,420 acres.
Fees paid to the United States for occupancy of National Forest
land has increased from an annual amount of $25 in 1958 to $9,134
in 1975.
Bogus Basin Recreational Association has proposed expansion because
the 2,267 skier at-one-time capacity within the present permitted
area has been exceeded due to an average annual increase in use of
12 percent. This proposal is a part of their master plan for
development and will expand the National Forest area included
within the permit boundary from 1,420 acres to 2,790 acres. (See
Bibliography #1.) The objective of area expansion is to maintain
low density, high quality skiing at Bogus Basin.
The Boise National Forest is proposing to authorize the Bogus Basin
Recreational Association to expand ski area development beyond
their present permit area.
The purpose of this Environmental Statement is, through the use of
an interdisciplinary team approach, to identify environmental
impacts associated with expansion and, within available techni-
logical ability, to determine the feasibility of applying measures
to mitigate those impacts, highlighting those which cannot be
mitigated.
1
5800
Land allocation for this purpose has been discussed in the
Shafer Butte Planning Unit Land Use Plan and final Environ-
mental Statement filed with the Council on Environmental
Quality on August 25, 1975. (See Bibliography #2.) Direction
for the Bogus Basin Management Area provides for maintaining
recreation as the key use, providing areas for winter sports
activities to the extent they do not conflict with each other
and assuring resource protection and balanced development.
Working papers developed during this evaluation and references
cited are identified within the Bibliography section of the
Appendix. Because of their bulk, they are not included in
the published text but will be kept on file for review.
B.
Geographical Location
>
The Bogus Basin Recreation Area is located near Shafer Butte
on the Boise Ranger District, Boise National Forest. The
present developed area is within T. 5 N., R. 3 E., Boise meridian
and involves parts of Section 9, 10, 15, 16, 21, and 22. Expansion
of the area to include an additional 1,370 acres encompassing
parts of Sections 10, 15, and 22 and portions of Sections 11,
14, and 23 and the associated impacts are the subjects of
this analysis. The total area is within Boise County. All
land area is National Forest land except Section 16 which
is a land parcel purchased by the Bogus Basin Recreational
Association from the State of Idaho in 1973. The site is a
mountainous area 16 miles northeast of Boise, Idaho, and is
accessible in winter by traveling the paved Bogus Basin Road
(FAS 3789).
C.
Ecological
1.
General Climatic Conditions. Elevations within the proposed
expansion area vary from 5,750 feet to 7,550 feet. Precipi-
tation at mean elevation is approximately 28 inches.
At
the 6,000-foot elevation, snow will be the principal form
of precipitation between November and March. Approximately
60 percent of the annual precipitation will fall during
this period. April and May are generally periods during
which heavy precipitation in the form of rain may be expected.
This creates a condition of soil moisture saturation and
adds to spring runoff.
Snow depth projections for the area are based on measurements
recorded over a 32-year period. These measurements are
taken at the Bogus Basin Snow Course at an elevation of
6,120 feet, and at the Mores Creek Summit Snow Course, a
site selected as having similar characteristics to that of
2
the east side of Shafer Butte and which lies at an elevation
of 6,100 feet. During this period, average snow depths
measured around April 1 are recorded as 90 inches at Mores
Creek Summit and 56 inches at Bogus Basin. During this
period, minimum and maximum depths for the two areas were
40 and 131 inches for Mores Creek Summit, and 27 and 99
inches at Bogus Basin. Late December and early January
snow depths recorded for these two sites show a 1971-1975
average of 49 inches at Bogus Basin and 63 inches at Mores
Creek Summit. Records show that one poor year for snow
depths can be expected out of approximately every five
years. This lesser snow depth shortens the skiing season
by causing a delay in the opening date and results in an
earlier closing date. Normal skiing season for the Bogus
Basin Ski Area is approximately late November to mid-April.
The length of the skiing season will not be affected by
the expansion.
April of 1970, 1972, and 1973-1975 snow depth comparisons
between the 6,100 foot elevation at Mores Creek Summit,
the 6, 300-foot elevation at Bogus Basin, and the east side
expansion area at 6,000 feet were recorded as follows:
Mores Creek
Summit
Bogus
Basin
So. Fork of
Pine Creek
1970
94
85
61
1972
107
82
59
1973
63
53
44
1974
116
83
93
1975
112
87
79
Mean daily temperatures range from 21° F. in January to
77° F. in July. Low temperatures of 0° F. and below can
be anticipated during the period of December through
February.
The prevailing wind from November until mid-February
is generally out of the southeast. From about mid-
February until April the prevailing wind is out of
the northwest.
3
2.
Geology Soils. Land types included within the proposed
expansion area are 120b-6, 109-2, and 122-4. (See Biblio-
graphy #3.) Each land type has particular soil and hydrologic
characteristics that, when aggregated together, determine
the inherent stability of the site for management purposes.
These land types are described as follows:
>
a.
.
Moderately Dissected Mountain Slopes Land (1206-6)
1,130 acres. At this elevation, this land type exhibits
characteristics of being wetter than is normal. Slopes
are of moderate length with a weakly developed dendritic
drainage pattern and gradients ranging from 30 to 60
percent.
Soils - The soils are moderately deep, skeletal,
sandy and loamy that have developed over masked or
moderately to extremely well fractured, very weakly
to well weathered granite bedrock. They generally
have zero to one inch of organic material over a
thin, dark brown, fine gravelly sandy loam surface.
The subsoil is brown, gravelly sandy loam with less
than 30 to 65 percent gravel and rock fragments.
This soil has a gravelly sandy loam or sandy clay
loam subsoil with 40 to 60 percent gravel and rock
fragments, and a dark colored surface.
Vegetation This land type is a timbered unit with
20 to 40 percent forest crown cover. Douglas-fir/
chokecherry is most common on lower slopes. Douglas-
fir/spirea, Douglas-fir/ninebark, and brush/grass
communities become dominant on drier mid and upper
slopes. Understories are very brushy with 15 to 70
percent crown cover.
Hydrology Average annual precipitation is
approximately 28 inches. The units are generally
dry thoughout the summer months but are very moist
during snowmelt in April and May. Annual water
yield averages 10 to 15 inches. Overland flow
is uncommon on undisturbed areas. Disturbed areas
exhibit overland flows during high intensity rainfall.
Most of the water is yielded by subsurface flow
and deep seepage.
-
Management Qualities These land types are very brushy
with moderate to high surface erosion and debris slide
hazards. Major problems to construction are moderate
to high erosion hazards for road surfaces and a moderate
4
to high probability of intercepting subsurface water.
This interception results in a moderate to high mass
stability hazard for cut and fill slopes. Poorly
graded, coarse fragments and the soft bedrock contribute
to the significance of these hazards. These mass
stability hazards will be most strongly expressed
during wet years. Any significant concentration of
water will cause increased erosion and sedimentation
from these slopes.
b.
Cyroplanated Ridge Land (109–2) 50 acres This
landtype is generally confined to relatively long,
narrow, high elevation, cryoplanated ridges. Slopes
range from 5 to 30 percent, and dissections are
shallow or weakly expressed.
Soils - The soils have a thin patchy, organic layer
0 to 2 inches thick over a dark, yellowish brown,
sandy loam surface, 5 to 8 inches thick. The sub-
soil has a gravelly loam to sandy loam texture which
varies from shallow to greater than 20 inches in
depth.
Vegetation - This landtype is dominated by open
grown, brush/grass communities with scattered dense
patches of subalpine fir/elksedge. Forest crown
cover ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Brush crown
densities range from 0 to 40 percent.
Hydrology These lands will receive an average of
35 inches of precipitation annually. Snowpack is
deep and will remain into June. Approximately 20
inches of water is yielded annually from these
ridge lands. Almost all precipitation becomes
subsurface moisture. Overland flow is common on
areas where disturbance by animals or machines has
taken place.
Management Qualities Surface erosion hazards and
a high probability of intercepting subsurface flow
on lower steeper slopes are the major land type limita-
tions. These landtypes have a fragile ecosystem.
Disturbance that adversely affects vegetative cover
will require considerable time to correct and will
result in increased mass wasting sediment production.
c.
Oversteepened Canyon Lands (122-4)
190 acres
This landtype is very steep canyon land, generally
associated with streams. Side slope dissections
Сл
5
are steep, shallow to moderately deep, parallel,
and dominantly second or third order where they
contact the main drainage. Erosional processes are
extremely active. Undercutting at the base of the
waits by the major streams and faulting are primary
reasons for the oversteepened slopes. The slopes
are north-facing and well timbered with slope
gradients ranging from 60 to 80 percent.
Soils The dominant soils are moderately deep over
bedrock and have a 0 to 4-inch organic layer over a
dark grayish sandy loam with yellowish brown gravelly
seady loam with 10 to 80 percent of coarse fragments
la the subsoil. A shallow soil occurs on upper slopes
and spur ridges. This soil has a loamy sand texture
.
with 50 to 80 percent gravel and rock size fragments.
Vegetation - The slopes of this land type are well
vegetated. Dominant habitat. types are Douglas-fir/
ainebark and Douglas-fir/snowberry, Forest crown
density ranges from 20 to 80 percent and a brush crown
density of 5 to 40 percent.
Hydrology - These lands receive an average of 20 inches
of precipitation annually. Snowmelt is delayed until
late spring due to the northerly aspect of the land-
type. Overland flow and subsurface flow are the
prime means of water conveyance within and from the
unit. During the spring snowmelt period, which
releases a majority of the annual yield, most of
the water leaves as subsurface flow. This water
tends to move evenly downslope and accumulates within
lower slopes. Overland flow is limited to rocky and
shallow soil ridge areas during high Intensity summer
storms. These land types respond rapidly to water inputs.
O
Management Qualities This landtype is among the most
hazardous on the Boise Ranger District. Erosion hazards
are moderate to very high when surface litter and vege-
tation are disturbed. Slope creep can be a problem.
There is a high probability of intercepting subsurface
flow in mid and lower slopes. Potential sedimentation
to adjacent streams will be a significant problem.
These units are highly susceptible to accelerated
erosion by concentrations of water.
1
6
3.
Water. The proposed expansion area covers approximately
1,370 acres of land. The areas involved are portions of
the watersheds in the South and North Forks of Pine Creek.
These drainages have had disturbances due to past timber
harvest activity, cattle grazing, dispersed recreation
activities, and wildfire.
The watershed is presently in fair condition. Vegetative
cover protects many past raw areas and stabilization has
improved. Portions of the road that crosses through the
area have been overgrown with brush and forbs, but some
sediment production continues at drainage crossings and
rutted roadbed locations.
Annual water yield for the overall area is approximately
10 inches and is of generally good quality.
4.
Air Quality: Air quality is good. The air may occasionally
be affected by minor amounts of smoke which results in a
haze effect of minor amounts of dust from the few unsurfaced
roads that bypass the area.
The nearest air quality monitoring stations are located in
Treasure Valley near Boise. Air quality evaluation is
accomplished by measuring the amount of particulate matter
in the air at several monitoring stations. Downtown Boise
recordings indicated approximately 90 micrograms/cubic
meter whereas the rural station southwest of Boise shows
40 to 50 micrograms/cubic meter. As a standard, the State
of Idaho Air Pollution Control Commission has established
75 micrograms/cubic meter.
Noise pollution is generally absent.
5.
Vegetation. Habitat types associated with these land types
are Douglas-fir/chokecherry with spirea and ninebark
replacing or mixing with chokecherry as elevation and/or
exposure changes. Higher elevation slopes are dominated
by subalpine fir/elksedge type. Brush/grass communities
become dominant on drier mid and upper slopes. Crown
cover is highly variable.
No species of plant that are recognizable in a "sensitive
'
status" on the Boise National Forest and which may
be eventually identified as being endangered or threatened
are known or believed to occur within the area.
7.
Forest stands are scattered and generally composed of old
growth stems. Douglas-fir show signs of heavy infestation of
dwarf mistletoe and bark bettle attacks. Numerous snags exist
due to these infestations. The upper elevation stands are
composed of scattered dense clusters of subalpine fir and
Douglas-fir. Mid and lower elevation stands are composed of
Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine, with occasional clumps of
quaking aspen. These lower slopes are productive timber land
and support moderate stands of commercial size timber.
Productivity for these landtypes is variable. Most of
area (120b-6) is low to moderately productive. The
higher elevation landtype (109-2) has good forage productivity
but low timber productivity. The cold climatic conditions
and fragile ecosystem dictate long recovery periods from
vegetative disturbances. The Oversteepened Canyon Lands
(122-4) have a productivity rating of low to high. High
evapotranspiration rates are characteristic.
6.
Wildlife. Wildlife species associated with these lands
and habitat types are varied. The large animals known to
be in the area are mule deer, elk, and black bear. Smaller
animals include red squirrels, porcupine, coyotes, yellow
pine chipmunks, and several small rodents. The most common
species of birds that are present are the red breasted
nuthatch, golden-crowned knight, ruby crowned knight,
pine siskin, red crossbill, Oregon junco, chipping sparrow,
hummingbird, red-shafted flicker, northern three-toed
woodpecker, violet green swallow, red tailed and sparrow
hawks. Blue and ruffed grouse are game birds that may
be observed in the area. Of the larger animals, mule
deer are most numerous and occur as summer residents.
Black bear are occasionally observed within the area.
There are no fish populations within the area. Pine
Creek flows into Grimes Creek and fair populations of
rainbow and native trout species are supported in Pine
Creek near this confluence.
No endangered or threatened species of fish or wildlife
are known to inhabit the proposed expansion area.
D.
Social, Cultural
1.
Visual Quality. The landscape of the proposed expansion
area is not considered unique or monotonous, but average
in visual quality.
8
The Visual Management System used in the Shafer Butte
Land Use Plan determined that this landscape will be
managed for a Visual Quality Objective of Retention.
The constraints of the Retention Quality Objective are
that management activities will remain subordinate to
the existing landscape character.
The proposed expansion will meet the Visual Quality Objective
of Retention by blending into the existing landscape character
and remaining subordinate to it.
About 50 percent of the proposed expanison area has been
logged and roaded. Most of the roads are of a low minimum
standard design, just capable, when constructed, of hauling
logs out.
In its present condition, portions of the area will not meet
the Visual Quality Objective of Retention. Many of the visual
impacts created by past logging will be corrected. This will
be accomplished by revegetation of road cuts and fills and
reshaping to blend with the natural topography. A few of
these cutting units were cut with straight line boundaries
which did not blend with the natural landscape. This will be
visually improved by some additional cutting in some areas and
revegetation in others to create an irregular edge effect.
The site of the proposed upper terminal of Lift No. 6 is
visually cluttered with communications antennas, antenna
supporting poles, and guy wires. These poles and wires
would present a hazard to skiers. In order to alleviate
this hazard, Bogus Basin has proposed a consolidation of
these antennas and poles which will also greatly improve
the visual quality of the site.
2.
Population and Growth. In 1974, the population of Treasure
Valley* was estimated to be 275,500. (See Bibliography #4)
Treasure Valley population changed from 212,371 people in 1960
to 235,133 people in 1970, an increase of 22,762 people or
approximately 11 percent. In the 1970-1974 period, the total
increased by an additional 40, 367 people or 17 percent.
the counties during this 1970-1974 period, Ada County increased
from 112,230 to 131,700, an increase of approximately 17
percent; Canyon County from 61,341 to 72,900; an increase of
* Treasure Valley, a 10-county area including Ada, Adams,
Boise, Canyon, Elmore, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, Valley, and
Washington counties.
9
19 percent; Elmore County from 17,479 to 20, 300, and Gem
County from 9,387 to 10, 900, 16 percent increases, respec-
tively; and Boise County from 1,754 people to 2,400 people, an
increase of approximately 37 percent.
County populations and population projections are presented in
Tables 1 and 2 of the Appendix.
Idaho's population grew by approximately 7 percent between
1960 and 1970. During this same period, the National growth
rate was approximately 13 percent. Idaho's slower rate of
increase was in part due to a negative migration factor, i.e.,
more people were leaving the state than entering.
This population loss was undoubtedly due in part to the
income differentials between Idaho and the neighboring states.
This loss had major implications for the state. Migration is
a selective process with the young, the educated, and the
ambitious leaving to seek opportunities elsewhere. Much of
the migration from Idaho was to the urbanized, high income
areas along the Pacific coast.
The migration trend has reversed in recent years and the state
is now receiving more people than it is losing. In-migrants
-
are generally better educated than the resident population.
The percentage of migrants over 25 years of age with college
degrees is three times that of Idaho residents. It appears
that the selection process is now working in favor of the
state.
There are a variety of reasons for the turnaround. One is
undoubtedly the vigorous economic growth contrasted with the
slowdown of some major industries along the Pacific coast.
Other factors include the changing value structure of people
with respect to desired life styles. The lure of the major
urban areas is tarnishing with the crime, pollution, conges-
tion, and relative lack of outdoor recreation opportunities.
Environmental factors have been cited as being the second most
important reason people came to the state seeking employment.
With the exception of people who are retired, continued in-
migration will depend on employment opportunities. People
are apparently willing to accept a lower money income in
Idaho, trading off higher incomes for the cleaner air and
abundant opportunities for outdoor recreation.
There has also been an alteration in the distribution of the
population within the state. Over the 1965-1970 period, 34 of
the state's 44 counties experienced net out-migration. There
was a continual shift out of the rural areas in the direction
of the state's urban areas.
10
Ada County has been the destination of many migrants both from
within and without the state. About 40 percent of this move-
ment involves population shifts within the state from rural
areas to areas of high income and employment opportunities.
portion of the migration reflects the movement of people to
Boise State University.
Migration from outside the state comes primarily from Cali-
fornia, Oregon, and Washington. This information is presented
in Table 3. (See Bibliography #5)
The 1970 Census of Population within Treasure Valley indicates
that approximately 6 percent is comprised of minority races.
The counties closest to the project area are Ada, Boise,
Canyon, Elmore, and Gem. These counties have minority popu-
lations of 4, 1, 1, 15, and 1 percent, respectively.
The implementation of this proposal will not affect existing
equal employment opportunities or conditions within the area.
Activities provided for within the proposal will provide for
equal employment and participation opportunities.
Population characteristics for Treasure Valley display that
approximately 65 percent are in the age group 1-39 and 35
percent are 40 years of age and older. (See Bibliography #6)
The local skier population is estimated to be about 4 or 5
percent of the population of Treasure Valley or about 12,000
people.
The out-of-state visitors registered through the "package
plan" offered by Bogus Basin Recreation Area totaled 786
skiers. This figure does not represent the total out-of-
state-skier use because some visitors do not register for any
of the package plans offered. It can be safely projected,
however, that 1,000 to 1,500 visitors to Bogus Basin on an
annual basis, are from outside the state of Idaho.
Skiers visiting Bogus Basin Ski Area on the package plan
program have state origins of Washington, Oregon, California,
Nevada, and Arizona.
3.
Employment. An analysis of employment identifies those
sectors of the economy which made the greatest contribution to
the well-being and income of the residents within an area.
Employment data for 1970 in Treasure Valley are shown in Table
4 of the Appendix. (See Bibliography #5)
4.
Income. In 1950 personal income produced in the Treasure
Valley area amounted to about $225 million, or about 29 percent
11
VICINITY MAP
AND TRAVEL ROUTES
n WESTERN STATES

O SEATTLE
SPOKANE)
504 MILES
O HELENA
588 MILES
PORTLAND
428 MILES
..
BOGUS
PISAN
BOISE
256 MILLS
339 MM
POCATELLO
L .
Souw Ezt
645 MISS
SALT LAKE CITY
RENO
SAN
FRANCISCO
LEGEND:
INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS
OTHER THROUGH HIGHWAYS
MAJOR AIRLINE ROUTES
lla
of the total for the State. (See Bibliography #7) Between
1950 and 1970, personal income increased to about $831 million,
or about 33 percent of the total for the State.
Per capita income is an indicator of how well off individuals
within an area are--a measure of individual well-being.
Average per capita income for the individuals of this area has
historically been about equal to the average for the State.
(See Bibliography #7) Average per capita income in 1970 was
above the State average of $3,222 in Ada, Adams, Elmore,
Valley, and Washington Counties and below this average in
Boise, Canyon, Gem, Payette, and Owyhee Counties. Projections
indicated that per capita income of people living in the area
will increase at a rate above the State average through the
year 2010.
The per capita income of the State of Idaho is
projected to be about 84 percent of the average for the United
States, which is expected to be $10,895 by 2010. (See Biblio-
graphy #8) This data is shown in Table 5 of the Appendix.
5.
Historical - Archaeological. Executive Order 11593 requires
inventory, preservation and protection of historic cultural
values that may be present upon public lands.
Consultation with the Idaho State University Museum Archae-
ological Survey File and the National Register of Historic
Places (Federal Register Vol. 40, No. 24, dated February 4,
1975 and subsequent monthly supplements) indicated that no
archaeological or historic sites were recorded for the project
area.
An archaeological reconnaissance of the area was conducted in
July of 1975. The survey was undertaken to determine if any
Euro-American or aboriginal sites were located in the proposed
project area that might be impacted by construction activity
of slope modification. (See Bibliography #19)
The survey was carried out on foot by Forest Service Archaeolo-
gists. Footing areas were inspected as were the adjacent runs
and lift lanes. The slope gradients in these areas were not
conducive for habitation by either Native Americans or miners.
The reconnaissance produced no direct evidence of aboriginal
habitation. Because of aspect, the drainage bottoms with
associated vegetation were likely the more productive portions
of this area. The more gently timbered ridges may also have
been productive but slash and undergrowth prohibited sufficient
inspection.
As slope preparation, footing excavation, and lift platform
construction is undertaken, it is advisable that these areas
be spot checked by an archaeologist. Should cultural remains
be located, proper steps are to be taken for their protection.
12
6.
Special and Land Uses. Shafer Butte is adjacent to the
proposed expansion area. This site may support the upper
terminal facility for one major chairlift. Shafer Butte
Lookout is a primary fire detection point and a vital com-
munications station located on this site.
Shafer Butte is also an important electronic site which facili-
tates communication and electronics data transmittal activities
for the State of Idaho and Federal Government agencies. It
also supports similar activities for private enterprise and
common carriers,
Approximately one and one-half miles of Forest Development
Road No. 10366.2 is included within the expansion area. The
lower portion of this road is accessible by motorcycle and
four-wheel drive equipment. The upper portion has several old
log culvert structures that have rotted away, making the
drainage crossings unusable.
There are known mineral resources values within the area. In
May of 1973, an examination of the proposed expansion area was
accomplished by Mr. Vernon T. Dow, Mining Engineer for the
Intermountain Region. The examination included traversing the
area on foot, sampling, and a search of the Boise County
mining records. Mr. Dow determined that nothing was found in
the proposed expansion area to indicate possible valuable
mineralization and concluded the area has no mineral potential.
(See Bibliography #10)
The proposed expansion area includes a portion of the Clear
Creek Cattle Allotment. Based on the 1966 range allotment
analysis inventory of forage production on National Forest
land, this allotment had a tentative grazing capacity of 15
cow months. No suitable range is included within the proposed
expansion area. The intermingled landownership pattern within
this allotment complicates the feasibility of livestock grazing.
The number of structural facilities necessary to provide for
management rotation and control of livestock make use of this
limited range resource unfeasible.
Approximately 273 acres in the upper reaches of Pine Creek are
closed to grazing to reduce trespass onto the reseeded ski
runs in the headlands of Bogus Creek and protect the ground
cover on the ridge area between Bogus Creek and the Pine Creek
drainage.
13
E.
Analysis of Planning and Development to Date
History. The Bogus Basin Recreational Association, Incorporated,
was chartered by the State of Idaho in 1941 as a non-profit cor-
poration. This association has been dedicated to the management
and development of the Bogus Basin Area with the same corporate
concept during its entire history. The area has over $3,000,000 in
fixed assets. Revenue generated is used for devlopment of added
facilities, operations and maintenance.
In the summer of 1969, the Bogus Basin Recreation Association
initiated a study and investigation to provide for long range
planning of the further development of Bogus Basin and contiguous
areas. Detailed investigation and field surveys were made of the
existing ski area, lower Bogus Creek, Mores Mountain, and the Macks
Creek, North Fork of Clear Creek and Pine Creek drainages. Bogus
Basin staff personnel, outside consultants, and U.S. Forest Service
personnel have been involved in the analysis and field investiga-
tions. The material generated by these activities is the basis for
planning and development of the Bogus Basin Recreation Area.
Following this study, a plan for development was initiated. (See
Bibliography #1) This plan was divided into three primary periods
identified as Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III. The option for
future development beyond Phase III was left open. Phase I and II
have been accomplished and are briefly described as follows:
Phase I of the development began in 1972 by replacing the old
upper Poma Lift with a high capacity chairlift (No. 4), ter-
minating on Doe Point. One new run was constructed and one
popular intermediate run was improved. Lights on the run in
this area were installed to implement night skiing. To accom-
modate the increased traffic generated on the Bogus Basin
access road, additional sanding equipment was purchased and
sand storage facilities expanded. This Phase also called for
the addition of one snowcat.
Phase II began in 1973 with Bogus Basin Recreation Association's
purchase of Section 16 from the State of Idaho. Development
during this Phase has taken place on this private land parcel.
Pioneer Lodge was constructed and complimented by a design
configuration to accommodate continued additions. This facility
serves as a day lodge providing food services at a more sophis-
ticated level than that available in the Bogus Creek Lodge. A
paved access road and paved parking to accommodate 450 cars
were added. The No. 5 Chairlift and associated runs were
added. Lights were installed on the two runs served by the
No. 2 Chairlift to tie the new base area into night skiing.
Additional utilities were installed to support these develop-
ments, and 40 condominum units were constructed in the summer
of 1975. That action completed Phase III.
14
Phase III of the development is basically an expansion phase
and is the subject of this statement.
Development beyond Phase III considers the probability of con-
structing 150 additional condominium units on private land, addi-
tion of one chairlift (No. 8) within the present developed area.
Improvement of base facilities and modification of Chairlift No. 1
to increase its uphill capacity is also considered. Requirements
applicable to construction and development plans have been dis-
cussed and provided to the Bogus Basin Recreational Association. A
copy of these requirements are included as Enclosure'l in the
Appendix. Individual construction activities will be described
following this outline and specific protection treatments will be
implemented to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts.
Bogus Basin has been developed partially on private land and partially
on National Forest land as described in previous sections of this
statement. Base facilities must meet the needs of skiers using the
total area. Decisions creating additional ski slopes which generate
additional demand must be tempered by strong correlation with base
capability. An analysis of the investigations accomplished during
planning and development through Phase III yields the following
information:
Summary of Attendance
High Average*
No. of Skiers
Per Day
Percent
Increase
From Previous
Year
Total No. of
Skiers for
Year **
No. of Skiers
On Peak Day**
Season
1970-71
2,500
2,800
135,462
19***
1971-72
2,750
3,080
148,267
9
1972-73
3,025
3,388
155,878
5
1973-74
3,479
3,896
186,810
20
1974-75
3,418
3,741
208,153
11
*High Average established by taking an average of several high daytime
attendance figures.
**Skier attendance figures are skier counts based on management records.
***The 1969-70 season use was 113,726
15
The Bogus Basin Access Road. The Bogus Basin Road, FAS Route 3789,
is the exclusive all-weather transportaton facility leading to the
recreaton area. It is 16 miles in length, paved with asphalt and
28 feet wide. (See Bibliography #14)
The road is broken by jurisdiction into three segments. Ada County
Highway District has maintenance responsibility for the lower nine
miles from Boise to the Ada-Boise County line. The next 7-mile
section from the county line to the end of the pavement at the
Bogus Basin base area lies within Boise County. Since this segment
is isolated from all other Boise County roads, maintenance respon-
sibilities were transferred to Ada County through a written agreement
between the respective County Commissioners. The Forest Service
has maintenance responsibility for the remaining portion of the
road above the end of the pavement. This portion provides access
through the Bogus Creek parking lots and to the lower terminal
areas near Chairlift Nos. 3 and 5.
All maintenance of the paved section is performed by the Ada County
Highway District, except for snow removal, which is performed by
the Bogus Basin Recreational Association. The Forest Service
maintains its portion of the road in the summer and the Bogus Basin
Recreational Association does all the snow removal during the
winter.
In mountainous terrain, many rural highways are designed to attain
an average running speed of 35 to 40 miles per hour. At these
speeds, design capabilities of 1,500 vehicles per hour and possible
capacities of 2,000 vehicles per hour are achievable. (See Biblio-
graphy #20) These capacities are considered reasonable for highways
having 12-foot lanes, adequate shoulders (8 feet), adequate lateral
clearances, adequate stopping sight distance throughout, and no
congestion from truck traffic. When one or more of these criteria
is lacking, capacities must be reduced accordingly. The degree of
curvature, shoulder width, and stopping sight distance are limiting
factors on the Bogus Basin Road which reduce the average running
speed, the possible capacity and the design capacity. Winter
driving conditions have an additional influence.
Existing design tables do not truly reflect the Bogus Basin situ-
ation; therefore, some assumptions must be made regarding capa-
cities. To aid in establishing capacities, the Ada County Highway
District (the agency exercising jurisdiction on the County portion
of the road) was asked to make a determination. Their response
indicated a design capacity (referred to as Level of Service C) of
440 vehicles per hour, and a possible capacity of 910 vehicles per
hour (referred to as Level of Service E) would be appropriate.
(See Bibliography #21)
The difference between possible capacity and design capacity values
is accounted for by the effects of traffic density. At design
capacity (a volume lower than possible capacity), traffic density
16
is not great enough to cause unreasonable delay or undue restric-
tion on the driver's freedom to maneuver; however, the resulting
lower and more uniform speed enables higher traffic volumes to be
accommodated up to a point corresponding to possible capacity.
Traffic density may increase above that at possible capacity, but
then severe congestion sets in, speed drops greatly, and a sharp
reduction in traffic volume results. (See Bibliography #21)
The design speed for this facility is around 25 miles per hour.
The horizontal alignment is very restrictive because of an almost
continuous series of inter-connected sharp curves. The grade is
relatively steep, with an average sustained grade of 4.1 percent,
and a maximum grade of 7.0 percent. There are numerous unpaved
turnouts along the route to allow passing of busses and slow-moving
vehicles.
The estimated average daily traffic (ADT) on a year-round basis is
approximately 350 vehicles a day. The 1974-75 ski season ADT was
around 905 vehicles per day from November through April.
The critical problem for this type of road is providing for the
peak traffic flows which occur on weekends in the mornings from
8:00 to 10:00 a.m. and in the afternoons from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m.
The majority of road users travel the road during these hours. The
largest peak is in the afternoon, when around 27 percent of the
total daily traffic occurs in a two-hour period. Taking this into
consideration, the existing peak traffic is approximately 240
vehicles per hour. It would appear, therefore, that the existing
traffic is well below the capacities of the roadway.
Sewage Disposal System. The Bogus Basin Recreational Association
utilizes waste stabilization lagoons for treatment of sewage from
the existing recreation area. (See Bibliography #15) These lagoons
are located on private land and have been approved by the State of
Idaho. These lagoons serve the Bogus Creek and Pioneer Lodge and
other base facilities.
The lagoons are designed to be self-contained and have a total
storage capacity of 1,890,000 gallons. If this storage capacity is
exceeded, chlorination of the waste water and sprinkling is used to
reduce the storage volume. Additional storage lagoons and waste
water disposal methods are proposed and will be constructed on
private land. The results of treatment in the aerated lagoons
indicate 87 percent reduction in organic material levels and 80
percent reduction in suspended solids during an 88-day period,
starting in February.
Water Supply. Bogus Basin has projected water needs for the area
through Phase III, requiring a supply of 46.6 gallons per minute.
This supply must come from Bogus Creek which provides an average
flow in excess of 50 gallons per minute.
17
Analysis and Determination of Ski Slopes, Lifts, and Support
Facility Capacities. The following is an analysis of the proposed
Bogus Basin Master Plan from the standpoint of physical capabili-
ties for skiing and other support facilities. This involves the
determination of capacities for existing and proposed ski runs and
slopes, existing and proposed lifts, parking areas, and related
facilities. The existing and potential capacities relate directly
to anticipated projections of visits.
The Master Plan did not supply what was believed to be adequate
inventory information for making this analysis. Therefore, addi-
tional inventory data was gathered. (See Bibliography #9)
Local data has been gathered to justify deviations from National
guides or to support them.
The following is a brief summary of how certain capacities were
determined:
Lifts
The following formula is used to determine skier-lift capacity
for the daily operation period.
Comfortable Skier Capacity Per Day -
Rise in Vertical Rated Hourly Effective Operation Loading
X
X
X
Feet of the Lift Capacity
Period
Efficiency
Vertical feet skied per skier pay day
Capacities have been determined for an operating period of 10 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m.
The actual Effective Operating Period could be less
than this period for a lift.
Three lifts at present operate until 10 p.m., but 90 to 95
percent of visitation occurs during the 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
period. The daytime operating period is used to simplify the
process and to give a more realistic picture of the high use
period.
Definitions of Elements Used in the Lift Formula
Comfortable Skier Capacity
Per Day
The number of skiers a lift
transports in an operating
period.
Rise in Vertical Feet of
the Lift
The vertical feet from the
lower terminal to the upper
terminal
18
Rated Hourly Capacity
Manfacturers' rated capacity
in terms of skiers transported
per hour.
Effective Operation
The number of hours that the
lift is actually used for
transporting skiers.
Loading Efficiency
Percent of actual capacity of
the lift or what percent of
chairs are filled during
operating period. (.9 would
be 90% efficient)
Vertical Feet Skied
Per Skier Per Day
A desired number of vertical
feet that an average skier
wants to ski in a day. This
generally varies with skier
ability class.
.
The desired number of vertical feet that an average skier wants per
day for each lift is shown below:
Lift Number
Vertical Feet Skied per Skier per Day
1
13,000
2
8,000
3
15,000
4
10,000
5
10,000
Poma
11,600
Discount
The capacity of some lifts is discounted
because a portion of the skiers are
being transported to lodges, parking
areas, and other lifts rather than to
the runs actually served by that lift.
19
The Comfortable Skier Capacity per day has been computed for each
lift. The total for all lifts is 2,767 skier capacity per day.
Comfortable
Skier Capacity
Per Day
Lift No. 1
Discount
355
5%
5%
338
880x850x6.5x.95
13,000
Lift No. 2
586
20%
469
620x1, 200x7x.9
8,000
Lift No. 3
580
-
30%
406
1430x1040x6.5x.95
15,000
Lift No. 4
. 511
0%
511
690x1200x6.5x.95
10,000
Lift. No. 5
383
0%
N
383
560x1200x6x.95
10,000
Poma
200
20%
>>
160
580x650x6.5x.95
11,600
Total
2,267
Ski Runs
Ski slope classification, by the ability of the skier - Practice,
Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced, Expert is based on the percent
of degree of steepness of the slope. The following table shows
the steepness for each classification:
20
% slope
Ability Classification
0 - 5
Practice
5 - 25
Beginner
25
40
Intermediate
40 - 55
Advanced
55 +
Expert
Several guides such as, Winter Sports Administration, R-4,
1970; Guidelines for Ski Area Inventory and Planning, R-1,
1970; and Ski Area Planning Symposium 1974 are used as a
starting point for determining ski-run capacities. (See
Bibliography Nos. 16, 17, and 18) All such guides recommend
using the guides as a starting point and modifying them to
local conditions when more is known about the local skiers.
The maximum ideal run capacities were determined through an on-the-
ground sampling of representative runs of each classification.
These capacities are expressed in skiers at one time per acre. The
sampling process was a joint effort with Bogus Basin management
personnel and Forest Service personnel.
This was accomplished by several trips to the area on what was
anticipated to be an average week-end day. Portions of various
runs were mapped and acreages were computed for a segment of the
run that was to be sampled.
The ski area and Forest Service personnel stationed themselves
where these segments of the runs could be viewed, and counted
skiers when: (1) everyone agreed that it was crowded, and (2) when
it looked like it was about right for a quality skiing experience
and the hazards of collision were minimal. Through discussion, an
agreement was reached identifying the ideal skiers at one time per
acre capacity.
Photographs of sample areas (Figures 1-4) follow with the determin-
ations made for ideal ski slope capacities per acre.
21

1
Figure 1.
BEGINNER SLOPE
Silver Queen Run
Outlined Area 3 acres
Number of Skiers 35
Average 11.6 Skiers per acre
An ideal density of 10 skiers per acre was determined
to represent quality skiins; on Beginner slopes. Planned
skier density per acre is 5.
*Beçirner slopes are defined as runs of 10-25% slope which provide advanced beginner
skiing Practice slopes were placed in a separate category and include slopes of
0-1.0% used pruinalely by first-limu shiers md ski scivol classes for the first
few hours of instruction. Capacity for practice slopes was determined to be 35
skiers per acre.
2la

A
L
1$
Figure 2.
INTERMEDIATE SLOPE
Showcase Run
=
Outlined Area 3 acres
Number of Skiers 23
Average = 7.6 skiers per acre
An ideal density of 10 skiers per acre was determined to
represent quality skiing on Intermediate slopes. Planned
skier density per acre is 5.
216
重要​。
ܚܙܝ
M
1
↑
Figure 3.
INTERMEDIATE SLOPE
Showcase Run
Outlined Area 3 acres
Number of Skiers 51
Average = 17 skiers per acre
An ideal density of 10 skiers per acre was determined
to represent quality skiing on Intermediate slopes.
Planned skier density per acre is 5.
21c

Figure 4.
.
ADVANCED SLOPE
=
War Eagle Run
Outlined Area 3 acres
Number of Skiers 12
Average = 4 skiers per acre
=
An ideal density of 5 skiers per acre was determined
to represent quality skiing on advanced slopes.
Planned skier per acre density is 2.5.
2
Ability_Classification
The following guides have been used nationally for determining the
amount of terrain that should be allocated to each skier ability
class.
Major or Regional Type Ski Areas
Percent Allocated
Ability Classification
(Packed Terrain)
Beginner
15
Intermediate
55
Advanced Expert
30
Total
100
All existing ski runs have been inventoried by acreage and classi-
fication.
Percent
Slope Classification
Existing Acres
% of Area
Beginner
Intermediate
Advanced
46
98
44
188 acres
25
52
23
Total
The National guides for the percent of terrain allocated to the
skier ability classification are intended only as a guide and are
several years old. Certain elements in the skiing industry have
changed over the years and these guides should only be used as a
starting point for determining the allocation of terrain. Local
conditions also influence terrain allocation. These would include
the distance the skier must travel to ski, teaching methods used,
number of times the average skier goes skiing per season, and the
outdoor recreation habits of the local population. For Bogus
Basin, the general ability of the skier today is considerably
better than just a few years ago.
This is due to the advent of the
short ski, new teaching methods, and the amount of snow grooming
that is being done. Because of the present teaching methods, the
novice or first time beginner has advanced to skiing intermediate
slopes with three or four days of instruction.
The intermediate skier ventures to advanced slopes sooner and feels
comfortable on them, primarily because of the short ski. When snow
conditions are good to excellent, the intermediate skier is observed
on unpacked advanced slopes, whereas five years ago, this skier was
never observed off of the packed runs.
In 1967, Skiing Trends and Opportunities in the Western United
States, stated that the average skier made ten trips to ski areas
during the season. The average local skier in the Treasure Valley
area makes 20 to 25 trips per season. Recent studies of ski areas
on the Wasatch Front, conducted by Utah State University, show that
the average skiers make 18 visits per season. Because the average
skier skis more often, he becomes more proficient and can ski on
more difficult terrain. The short travel distance, 16 miles, is an
important factor in increasing the number of visits at Bogus Basin.
As a result of these factors, the local skier is generally more
competent in ability than the average shown in the National guides.
The distribution of existing packed ski slopes by skier ability
classification at Bogus Basin is:
Slope Classification
Percent Existing
National Guide
Beginner
25
15%
Intermediate
52
55%
Advanced
23
30%
Total
100%
According to these guides, Bogus Basin is slightly short of inter-
mediate and advanced terrain. In actual fact, local skier demand
for slopes of these ability classes is much higher than is shown in
the National guides, and this shortage is more critical than it at
first appears.
Criteria for Determining Ski Slope Capacity
Ideal Skier
Density per Acre
Planned Skier
Density per Acre
Slope Classification
Percent
Practice*
0 - 5
35
-
35*
Beginner
5 - 25
10
5
Intermediate
25
40
10
5
Advanced
40 - 55
5
2.5
An average of Beginner, Intermediate,
and Advance for an overall Planned
Average Skier Density Per Acre is
4.17
* Practice or first time teaching slopes are used by the first time
skier for acquaintance with equipment. An hour or less is usually
spent on these slopes. Practices slopes are not included in the
Planned Average Skier Density per Acre.
Planned skier density per acre is not equal to the ideal skier
density per acre because individual skiing behavior and ter-
rain variations prevent a uniform distribution of skiers on
the slope at any one time. To insure that actual skier den-
sities on the slopes do not exceed the ideal, it is necessary
to provide more acreage than would be indicated by the ideal
density. At Bogus Basin, the ideal density has been discounted
50 percent to calculate a planned skier density per acre.
Parking Areas and Lodges
At present, Bogus Basin can park 1,400 cars in several parking
areas. Base area facilities are split between the Bogus Creek
Base and the Pioneer Base. The Bogus Creek Base has parking
area capacity for 950 cars and a lodge seating capacity of 500
people at one time (PAOT). The Pioneer Base has parking for
450 cars and a lodge seating capacity of 280 people at one
time.
The following is the capacity of the parking area in terms of
people at one time (PAOT) :
Bogus Creek Base
950 cars x 3 people per car z 2,850 PAOT
Pioneer Base
450 cars x 3 people per car
= 1,350 PAOT
Total
1400 cars
4,200 PAOT
Lodge seating capacity should be able to serve one-third of
the total skiers at one time; therefore, lodge seating capacity
should be expressed as three times actual seating capacity.
Bogus Creek Lodge
500 PAOT x 3
1500
Pioneer Lodge
280 PAOT x 3
840
Total Lodge Capacity
2340 PAỘT
Summation of Existing Facilities. At present, Bogus Basin has an
uphill capacity of 2,267 skier per day. Of these skiers, no more
than half or 1,133 will be on the slopes at one time. The planned
average density per acre for the total area is 4.17 skiers per
acre. At this density, the acres of slopes necessary to serve
1,133 skiers would equal 1,133 divided by 4.17 or 272 acres of
packed runs.
At present, Bogus Basin has 188 acres of packed runs, indicating
that there is a shortage of packed slopes in comparison to lift
capacity. Although there is some additional slope capacity in cat
tracks and unpacked slopes, this is a minor amount and does not
24
provide the type of skiing being planned for in this case. There
is very little opportunity for additional ski slope development
within the existing area. Uphill capacity is currently exceeded on
peak days, leading to overcrowding of slopes and longer than de-
sired lift lines.
Lodge capacities are being exceeded on peak days resulting in
severe overcrowding of lodge facilities. This is particularly true
for the Bogus Creek Lodge because the Bogus Creek parking area has
a capacity of 2,850 people at one time.
Existing parking capacities are more than adequate to accommodate
present use volumes.
25
10-Year Projection of Use By Daily High Average Attendance. The
Daily High Average Attendance is attained by a random selection of
high attendance days. Past use trends have indicated a 5 to 20
percent annual increase in visitors. A 10 percent annual increase
was used for projecting the Daily High Average Visits.
The 10 per-
cent annual increase is considered conservative when compared with
the projected growth of the Treasure Valley.
About 19 percent of the Daily High Average Attendance is considered
non-skiers, generally sightseers. This seems to be a high percen-
tage, and may not continue as the area becomes more crowded with
skiers.
Daily High Average
of Skier Visits
Non-Skier Visits
(19% of Skier Visits)
Total Visits
73-74
74-75
75-76
76-77
77-78
78-79
79-80
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
3,479
3,418
3,759
4,134
4,547
5,001
5,501
6,051
6,656
7,321
8,053
8,858
695
649
714
785
863
950
1,045
1,149
1,164
1,390
1,530
1,683
4,174
4,067
4,473
4,919
5,410
5,951
6,546
7,200
7,920
8,711
9,583
10,541
Approximately one percent of skier visitors at present are from out
of state. This percentage may or may not change in the future.
F.
Description of Proposal
The Bogus Basin Recreational Association master development plan
presents Phase III as a proposal for expansion outside the existing
special use boundary. This area includes the South and North Forks
of Pine Creek which lie directly east of and adjacent to the existing
area.
26
FIGURE 5
POT

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
O
PARKING LIFTS SLOPES 1. LODGES2.DAILY USE®
1974 -75
RELATIVE
CAPACITIES OF EXISTING FACILITIES
1/ The capacity of existing packed runs is 784 skiers at one time.
Since only one-half of the total skiers will be on the slopes
at one time, twice that number, or 784 x 2 = 1,568, may be in
,
the area.
This total figure is used for comparison with support
facilities for the whole area.
=
2/ Lodge facilities should have the capacity to serve one-third
of the total skiers at one time; therefore, although actual
lodge PAOT = 780, the capacity of the facilities relative to
the total development is shown as 2,340.
3/ These figures are based on records of high average peak days.

ՏԱԺ
5800
1
A
.

PROPOSED N. FK
DEER POINT
LOOL POINT
PROPOSED S. FK.
PINE CR. LIFT
| SHAFER BUTTE
EXISTING
NO. 3 LIFT
PINE CR. LIET
269
PROPOSED EXPANSION
SOUTH FORK NORTH FORKS PINE CREEK
The purpose of the expansion is to maintain low density, high quality
skiing. This goal is to be accomplished by the development and
maximum utilization of as much additional terrain as practicable,
which is physically related to Shafer Butte.
The ideal skier density per acre allows for five skiers per acre on
expert and advanced runs; 10 skiers per acre on intermediate runs;
and 10 skiers per acre on beginner runs. An average planned skier
density of 4.17 per acre is used or determining the actual overall
capacity on all slopes.
The proposed chairlifts, South Fork (No. 6) and the North Fork (No. 7)
will have a combined uphill capacity of 1,526 skiers per day.
Uphill Capacity
South Fork Pine Creek, Lift No. 6
North Fork Pine Creek, Lift No. 7
1,008
518
1,526
(Uphill capacity is computed using the Comfortable Skier
Capacity Per Day formula).
Of the 1,526 it is assumed that no more than half of these
skiers will be on the slopes at any one time; or 1,526 divided
by 2 equals 763 skiers. Therefore, 183 acres of new ski terrain
would be needed to satisfy the uphill capacity of 763.
(763 divided by 4.17 equals 183 acres).
The proposed expansion area encompasses approximately 1,370
acres of which 198 acres have been identified as suitable packed
slope terrain. Therefore, sufficient acreage is available to
satisfy the uphill demand.
Within the proposed expansion area, 92 acres would be developed as
packed intermediate slopes and 106 acres as packed advanced slopes.
The proposal will provide approximately an 80 percent increase in
needed intermediate terrain over the existing run acreage.
In addition to the two proposed lifts in the South and North Forks
of Pine Creek, an additional chairlift is proposed within the
existing boundary. Lift No. 8 would be used almost entirely as a
transport lift from the Bogus Creek Base to the South Fork of Pine
Creek area.
A warming structure with light food service with a capacity for 100
PAOT is proposed to compliment the expansion. This facility would
be accessable from existing Chairlift No. 3 and proposed Chairlift
No. 6.
27
The proposed lower terminals of Lift Nos. 6 and 7 are presently
accessable by road, but the road would require some betterment for
hauling in equipment and terminal structures. All remaining lift
towers would be installed with a helicopter and tower footings will
be dug by hand.
In order to make the draws skiable at the lower terminal of Lift
No. 6, some piping of the drainages will be required. The draws
are "y" shaped and unskiable in their natural state. This situa-
tion exists only in the immediate vicinity of the lower lift ter-
minal of Chairlift No. 6.
The Sum of Existing and Proposed Expansion
Lifts
With development of the proposed expansion area, Bogus Basin
would have a total computed uphill capacity of 3,793 skiers
per day. It is assumed that about 50 percent of these skiers
would be on ski slopes at one time or a total of 1,896 skiers.
Existing Lifts
Skiers per Day Capacity 2,267
less 50%
= 1,133
Proposed Lifts Skiers per Day Capacity 1,526 less 50%
3,793
763
1,896
Ski Runs
The expansion will provide an additional ski slope capacity
(at the planned average density) of 826. The existing develop-
ment has terrain for 784.
Existing ski slope capacity
784 SAOT
Proposed ski slope capacity
826 SAOT
Total
1,610 SAOT
Lodges
The warming structure as proposed will have a capacity of 100
people at one time. The services offered at this facility
will be limited and will probably have little or no effect on
the existing lodges.
The Pioneer and the Bogus Creek Lodges will need to be expanded
in the future. Bogus Lodge is the more critical because of
the large parking area (capacity of 2,850 people at one time)
that is associated with it.
28
The total lodge capacity of the area, including the Pine Creek
warming hut, is 880 people at one time. Throughout a day,
these facilities should be capable of serving three times that
number or 2,640 people. Since the daily capacity of the lifts
is 3,793 people, there will be a shortage of lodge capacity:
3,793 - 2,640 - 1,153 people per day.
1,153 people per day. To serve the additional
1,153 people, an addition of 1,153 divided by 3 or 384 seats
will be needed.
Parking
Existing parking areas have a capacity of 1,400 cars or 4,200
people at one time. There is expansion area available to park
an additional 200 cars, or 600 people at one time.
Existing Parking Areas
1,400 cars
4,200 PAOT
Proposed Parking Areas
200 cars
600 PAOT
Total
1,600 cars
4,800 PAỘT
Parking capacities are adequate for total ski area development
including expansion. Very little parking will be available
for the visiting non-skier on average peak weekend days in the
future. (See figure 5a)
Access and Ski Traffic Routes
(See Bibliography #9)
Several problems will arise with expansion which may overload some
lifts at critical periods during the day. This is primarily due to
the limited access to Pine Creek which is dependent upon certain
lifts.
Figure 6 illustrates the traffic flows required to move a skier
from the Bogus Creek Base area into Pine Creek.
At the present time, it is apparent that both Lift No. 2 and Lift
No. 3 will receive considerable use for transport of skiers to Pine
Creek. This will be particularly obvious at opening, lunch time,
and late afternoon periods. These are the same periods in which
overloading is already occurring on Lift No. 2. Use of the Pioneer
Base area will relieve some of this pressure. However, as most of
the parking is located at the Bogus Creek Base, the majority of
skiers will still have to use Lift No. 2. Both base areas require
skiers to use Lift No. 3 for access to Pine Creek. This creates a
strong likelihood of overloading on this lift during peak periods.
From the use projections it is estimated that an additional lift
out of the Bogus Creek Base will be needed about a year after the
first phase of the Pine Creek development is completed.
Several alternatives are available to help mitigate this problem:
29
FIGURE • 5a
РАОТ
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
O
PARKING
UFTS
SLOPES LODGES
RELATIVE CAPACITIES OF TOTAL
DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING PINE CREEK
29a
FIGURE 6
》
SKI TRAFFIC PATTERNS IN EXISTING
AREA WITH ADDITION OF PINE CREEK
(LIFT #6)
OLIFT051
LIFT 3
OLIEBT2
LIET0610
Droo
in
CLETA
Note:
Lift #7 is not shown in the
following diagrams as it does
not affect ski traffic patterns.
OLIETTO
CC
KEY:
OILIESTO
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT AND ASSOCIATED RUNS
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
! LIFT FOR TRANSPORT TO OTHER
AREAS
BASE AREAS
296
1.
Clear Creek Cat Track (Figure 7) It has been proposed
that a cat track be developed from the top of Lift No. 1
to the Pine Creek/clear Creek saddle. This would create
two alternate routes for moving skiers out of the Bogus
Creek Base area into Pine Creek. This track would cross
the upper slopes of the Clear Creek drainage and be
approximately 5,400 feet long. A cat track of this
length is feasible though not highly desirable as far as
skiing is concerned. However, similar or longer tracks
are used as access in other ski areas. This route would
probably be used as Lift Nos. 2 and 3 become overcrowded.
There will be physical impacts from the construction of
such a cat track across the slopes in this location.
The Clear Creek cat track would be constructed across the
upper slopes of a Cryoplanated Ridgeland land type. In
this area, the land type is characterized by vegetative
cover that exceeds that normally associated with this
landtype. Slopes are also somewhat steeper than the
normal range of 5 to 30 percent. Management qualities
associated with disturbance activities on this land type
include long recovery periods for vegetation, increased
surface erosion; and on lower slope areas, interception
of subsurface flows.
2.
2.
Additional Lift(s) within the Existing Area - It is
probable that an additional lift will be needed in the
existing area to service the Pine Creek development
within one to two years after expansion. A lift (Lift
No. 8) in the Shindig area is the most feasible location
(Figure 8). This lift would provide access via Lift No.
1 and the Pomalift. This alternative would spread the
skier demand more evenly between Lift No. 1 and 2, but
would not completely solve the problem of providing
additional movement out of the Bogus Creek Base,
A possible solution to this problem would be to replace
Lift No. 1 with a higher speed facility, or to build a
second lift parallel to Lift No. 1 (Figure 9).
alternative would relieve the problem of overcrowding in
the Bogus Creek Base area; however, it would create the
possiblility of overloading the slopes served by Lift No.
1 during the periods it was not being used for transport
of skiers to the Pine Creek runs.
The addition of both Lift No. 8 and the Clear Creek Cat
Track, as well as increasing the uphill capacity of Lift
No. 1 (Figure 10), would provide the skier with the
greatest number of alternate routes to Pine Creek, thus,
lowering the chance of congestion and allowing the shortest
30
JI
FIGURE 7
0
ALTERNATIVE #1
SKI TRAFFIC PATTERNS WITH ADDITION
OF CLEAR CREEK CAT-TRACK.
OILIET 5
a
LIET3
no
2
LIET 20
BE
LIET 6
OLIET40
LIFT 1
CLEAR CREEK CAT TRACK
OLIETO
O
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT AVD ASSOCIATED RUNS
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT FOR TRWSPORT TO OTHER
AREAS
BASE AREAS
300
1!

.
FIGURE 8
ALTERNATIVE #2
Coo
SKI TRAFFIC PATTERNS WITH ADDITION
OF LIFT #8 (SHINDIG VICINITY)
OILUET 5
LIETJ
Om
DO
OLET 20
LIET 6
()
(EXISTING)
POMA LIFT
OLET8
OP ΣΤΡΟ
SHINDIG LET
OLETA
LIET 10
OLIETO
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT AND ASSOCIATED RUNS
.
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT FOR TRANSPORT TO OTHER
AREAS
NAV
BASE AREAS
30b
FIGURE 9
ALTERNATIVE #3a
Dali
SKI TRAFFIC PATTERNS WITH
INCREASED CAPACITY ON LIFT #1
AND CLEAR CREEK CAT TRACK
OLIEN 50
LIET3
non
LIET 6
T20
OLIETAO
OLIET 10
DIO
CLEAR CREEK CAT TRACK
OILIETO
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT AND ASSOCIATED RUNS
D
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMBERED
LIFT FOR TRANSPORT TO OTHER
AREAS
BASE AREAS 30C
1
FIGURE 10
Cho

ALTERNATIVE #3b
Ski traffic patterns with increased
capacity on Lift #1, addition of
Lift #8, and Clear Creek cat track.
OLIET 50
LIET3
1600
FO
OLIFT 20
응
​POMA LIFT
LIETIAC
ΟΡΟ
B
D
ou
U
OLIET40
OLIFT 10
CREEK CAT TRACA
CLEAR
OILIETO
SKI TRAFFIC USING NUMERED
LIFT AND ASSOCIATED KUXS
SKI TILAFFIC IISTIC NUMBER
LIIT FOR TRANSPORT TO OTHER
AREAS
30d
BALSE AREAS
probable transit time. This alternative would have the
same probability of overcrowding the slopes served by
Lift No. 1 as the previous alternative.
Summary
In summary, the existing area has a lift capacity which exceeds its
slope capacity. Present use is reaching or exceeding lift capacities
on peak days and thus, overcrowding slopes. The Pine Creek addition
will have a slope capacity in excess of its lift capabilities.
However, the total development will still have an uphill capacity
greater than its potential slope capacity. This will remain true
in spite of any future lift development, because the skiable terrain
on the Bogus Creek side of the mountain has already been utilized.
Additional lifts into Pine Creek will ease the traffic flow problems,
but will also have the potential to overcrowd existing slopes at
certain times of the day. When the planned slope capacity has been
reached, Bogus Basin will have to resort to administrative measures
(such as limiting ticket sales) to limit use and provide quality
skiing.
The proposed expansion would add intermediate and advanced terrain
to the area, which is needed for the present type of skier in this
area.
II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
A.
Primary Impacts
1.
Ecological
a.
Soil and Water. Activities that have potential for
altering soil, water, and stream conditions will occur
during the development and operation of this expansion.
These activities include installation of chairlifts,
clearing of ski runs, limited reshaping of terrain to
accommodate ski runs, alteration and confinement of small
stream channels, construction and reconstruction of snow
cat tracks and access roads, construction of a warming
hut, treating shrub growth on ski terrain, and increased
human activity.
These activities will have the following mitigating
treatments promptly installed as part of the construction
phase and carried into the operation phase.
Disturbed areas, including ski runs, cat tracks, and lift
and base areas on which natural vegetation is removed,
will be seeded to adapted grass species, fertilized and
mulched with 1 to 2 tons of straw or equivalent per
acre. On upper slopes and ridges with good downslope
sediment buffering qualities, this treatment will be in
31
place at least prior to the fall snowfall of year of
disturbance. However, no more than five acres of dis-
turbed area will be unmulched at any given time. The
objective on these buffered areas is to obtain at least
70 percent effective ground cover, initially by mulching,
and subsequently by vegetation and litter.
On terrain with poor downslope sediment buffering qualities
(generally lower slopes and areas close to drainageways)
this treatment will be in place within 10 days of initial
disturbance on a given piece of land, and no more than
one-half acre of disturbed area will be unmulched at any
given time. The objective is to obtain at least 85
percent effective ground cover, initially by the mulch
and subsequently by vegetation and litter.
Cat tracks will be narrow (under 12 feet), outsloped and
cross drained by dips to avoid water concentration.
These cat tracks will be closed to travel except for
over-the-snow vehicles. Crossings of drainageways re-
quiring fills and where slope gradients exceed 50 percent
will use rock fill material to provide mass stability.
The access roads to be improved will be kept narrow,
(approximately 14 feet); excess excavation material will
be hauled to sites where it can be stabilized; frequent
drainage dips installed; road surface outsloped; culverts
installed at drainageways, and disturbed fill slopes; and
excavation material seeded and straw mulched. The road
will be used only for access for construction, adminis-
tration, and maintenance. Public traffic will be restricted
in order to minimize damage to the road's drainage function.
9
Deep rooted plants will be maintained on concave, moist,
slump hazard sites to maintain soil mass stability.
Herbicide use will be restricted to types, locations, and
methods established as safe by research studies.
Valley bottom and stream alteration will be restricted to
methods that meet the following criteria:
(1) Design will provide for 25 percent or less chance of
failure from extreme runoff events for a 50-year
period.
(2) Design will provide for future restoration to near
natural stream conditions with reasonable impacts
and expense.
32
(3) Any artificial drainageways will be designed in a
manner that repair and replacement can be
accomplished with minor erosion and disturbance.
(4)
Design is compatible with the memorandum of Under-
standing between the Idaho Department of Water
Administration and the Forest Service, Intermountain
and Northern Regions, regarding stream protection.
(5)
Design will incorporate subsurface water drainage
facilities adequate to avoid subsurface soil piping
and saturation of fill materials.
Lift construction will use roadless or aerial means for
placement of towers on steep (50 percent plus) or unstable
terrain.
Lift tower base excavation on steep terrain will be
accomplished by hand methods.
Ski terrain on erosion sensitive areas adjacent to water
channels will be hand cleared.
With these actions and treatments, the impacts to soil
and water conditions are expected to be as follows:
Soil Conditions - Present on-site rate of surface
erosion average approximately 0.0008 inches depth
per year (65 cubic yards per square mile per year).
On ski runs, on which natural vegetation will be
disturbed (approximately 200 acres total), this
rate is expected to increase to approximately 0.008
inches depth per year (650 cubic yards per square
mile per year) for the first year after disturbance;
approximately 0.0023 inches per year (200 cubic
yards per square mile per year) for the second year
after disturbance; approximately 0.0018 inches depth
(150 cubic yards per square mile per year) for the
third year after disturbance; and near natural rates
after five years.
In addition to the above estimated surface erosion,
small slumps can be expected at unpredicted locations.
Approximately 100 cubic yards of soil movement by
this means is likely, based on experience on groomed
runs on the existing Bogus Basin Area. This move-
ment is most likely to occur in the first two years
after run clearing.
33
.
A11 200 acres of ski runs will not be disturbed at
the same time. It is expected that run clearing
will be accomplished over three or more years.
Total soil loss in cubic yards from these ski runs,
cat tracks and roads is expected to be as shown.
Year of Development
1 2 3 4 5 6
Present
7
Ski Runs
20
85 125 144
71
40
35
30
Cat Tracks
1
10
5 3
2
2
2
2
Roads
16
25
20
18
17
17
16
16
프
​Total
37
120 150 165 90
90 59
53
48
?
These estimates are not exact and are given to
illustrate the general magnitude of the expected
soil loss from disturbed sites with storm events
which have approximately 25 percent chance of being
exceeded in a given year. For climatic conditions
of more or less chance of occurrence, these base
estimates must be adjusted upward or downward.
Additional local soil movement will occur by re-
shaping on approximately 15 acres of ski runs. This
soil will be moved short distances and repositioned.
Top soil will be replaced on loss areas and both
deposition and loss areas treated by seeding and
straw mulching already described.
Sedimentation - Of the on-site soil movement from
disturbed areas, an estimated 10 percent is expected
to reach drainageways and become stream sediment.
Not included in the above erosion estimate are
amounts of soil deposited into stream channels and
channel erosion caused during construction of arti-
ficial drainageways. This is expected to be kept to
a minimum by special care and control; however, a
certain amount is believed unavoidable. This amount
is expected to be less than 10 cubic yards and be a
one-time occurrence.
Likely sedimentation rates (cubic yards) for the
three small watersheds involved are summarized
below. These estimates apply if no storms exceeding
the 4-year frequency event occur during the first
year of disturbance.
34
Year of Development
Watershed
1
2 3 3
4
5 6 7
6
N. Fork Pine Cr.
(500 acres)
Est. Natural
W/O Development
With Development
25
40
40
40
55 45 45
45 45
S. Fork Pine Cr.
(1220 acres)
Est. Natural
50
W/O Development 75
With Development 100
90 90
85
80 80
80
N. Fork Clear Cr.
(840 acres)
Est. Natural
W/O Development
With Development
35
45
47
46 45
45 45 45 45 45
Combined Watersheds
(2560 acres)
Est. Natural
110
W/O Development 160
With Development 187 176 200 175 170 170 170
The above estimates are not exact and are given
primarily to indicate magnitudes and relative rates.
They are for relatively favorable conditions of
climate, construction, and operation. The risk of
less favorable conditions is present. There is
approximately a 25 percent chance that storm events
exceeding the 4-year frequency will occur during any
given year. The sedimentation rates will increase
with such occurrences.
Artificial drainageways will have approximately a 25
percent chance of failure in a 50-year period.
the event that failure occurs, additional sediment
will reach South Fork of Pine Creek in a short
period. The amount of sediment thus recruited can
range from about 50 cubic yards to a maximum of
about 2,500 cubic yards.
35
Water Yield - Mean water yield for South Fork Pine
Creek is expected to increase by approximately 90-
acre feet per year for the first three years of
development and thereafter by about 50-acre feet per
year. The present water yield is approximately 1600-
acre feet per year.
Mean North Fork Pine Creek
water yield is expected to increase by approximately
15-acre feet per year for years three and four of
development and by approximately 10-acre feet there-
after. The present water yield is approximately
650-acre feet per year. Water yield in Clear Creek
is not expected to change.
Peak Flows - Peak flows in South Fork Pine Creek at
the lower lift terminal area under present conditions
are estimated at:
17 cfs for 25 year recurrence interval
22 cfs for 50 year recurrence interval
28 cfs for 100 year recurrence interval
After project installation, peak flow estimates for
the South Fork Pine Creek below base facilities are
as follows:
20 cfs for 25 year recurrence interval
25 cfs for 50 year recurrence interval
31 cfs for 100 year recurrence interval
These estimates are believed to have a standard
error of estimate of 62 percent. In other words,
the post project 100-year runoff event will fall
between 12 and 50 cfs, with a 67 percent confidence
limit. These estimates are based on a U. S. Geolo-
gical Survey method of estimating peak flow magnitudes
and frequencies for small drainages in Idaho.
(Water Resources Investigations 7-73). Field measure-
ments and installation of crest gages is necessary
to more accurately determine peak flows.
Peak flows for North Fork Pine Creek and North Fork
Clear Creek are not expected to increase measurably.
Stream Turbidity South Fork Pine Creek turbidity
is expected to measurably exceed natural levels for
periods of a few days during year one of development.
Turbidity is expected to drop to near natural levels
after the second year following construction and
remain at that level unless a drainage system failure
occurs. With a drainage system failure, turbidity
level will jump to very high levels until corrected
36
or runoff rates subside. No change is expected in
North Fork of Pine Creek or in North Fork Clear
Creek.
Stream Channel Conditions - In the South Fork of
Pine Creek, approximately 800 linear feet of small
streams, in three separate segments, will require
artificial covering to facilitate ski runs. If
these segments are enclosed in metal culvert and
covered with granitic fill material the stream
conditions will be significantly changed for 800 to
1000 feet.
The added sediment loads, previously described, are
expected to move rapidly downstream through the
South Fork Pine Creek, North Fork Pine Creek, and
lower Pine Creek. The expected effect on these
stream channels is a moderate increase in sandy
bedload material in the small pools and eddies. The
majority of the stream bottom and sides is expected
to remain unchanged.
If a major failure of artificial drainage structures
in South Fork Pine Creek occurs (25 percent chance
in 50 years), most pools and low velocity areas in
South Fork Pine Creek and lower Pine Creek will
likely be filled with sandy bedload sediment. The
time required for the natural stream bottom conditions
to be restored will depend somewhat on precipitation
and runoff conditions; however, it is likely to be
five to 10 years.
The following water conditions are expected to
remain essentially unchanged: (See Bibliography #12.)
Stream minimum flows
Toxic substance levels
Pathogen levels
Organic material levels (BOD)
Dissolved oxygen
Stream temperature
Water Supply Water supply will be a limiting
factor of area development. The present developed
area utilizes Bogus Creek as a supply source. Slow
sand filtering, storage, and chlorination are incor-
porated. Bogus Creek has a low average flow of 50
gallons per minute which provides a weekly supply of
37
504,000 gallons. Based on the consumptive demand of
a day skier at 1.1 gallons per day, 50 gallons per
day for the overnight skier and a miscellaneous
demand of 4, 100 gallons per day, a total weekly
demand of 458,000 gallons is generated. This
quantity is derived as follows:
Overnight skiers
350,000 gal. or 35.8 gpm flow
Lodges & overnight
employees
108,000 gal. or 10.8 gpm flow
Total
458,000 gal, or 46.6 gpm flow
The proposal calls for the installation of a 500,000
gallon tank during Phase II. This facility will be
located on private land and will provide supplemental
storage capacity to meet fire protection needs. An
8-inch water main will complement the storage tank.
The Bogus Basin Recreational Association has a claim
to a water right on Bogus Creek during the winter
months. A water right of six miners' inches or 54
gallons per minute has been purchased from the
holder of the irrigation water right so that a
summer supply can be maintained.
1
Expansion into Pine Creek and the construction of a
warming facility to accommodate skiers in that area
generates a consumptive water demand estimated to be
7,500 gallons per day. This estimate is based on a
peak demand of 3,000 skiers per day and facility
needs. This will require a water supply of 5.1
gallons per minute. To meet this demand, a spring
located on Bonanza run will be developed. This
spring provides a summer season supply of water to
the Shafter Butte picnic area. The spring has a
flow of approximately eight gallons per minute.
Filtration and chlorination are planned. The system
will be complemented by a slow sand filter, a pump,
and a buried 10,000 gallon storage tank.
Waste Water The proposed expansion of Bogus Basin
will require additional treatment facilities to
accommodate the increased waste volumes. These
facilities will also be placed on private land.
Phase II of the development calls for the addition
of 50 condominiums and expansion of the skiing
terrain. To date, 40 of the 50 condominiums have
been constructed. This development is expected to
bring the total waste water to be treated at the
Pioneer Lagoon site to 2,133,336 gallons. (See
Bibliography #15.)
38
It is proposed the initial condominum construction
be followed by construction of 150 more units in
increments of approximately 50 units. The ultimate
condominium development will provide accommodations
for 1,000 over-night guests. The ultimate develop-
ment will generate approximately 7,700,000 gallons
of waste water to be treated.
Two additional lagoons have been constructed below
the existing Pioneer lagoons to handle the waste
from the first 50 condominiums. This construction
brings the total storage capacity to approximately
1,890,000 gallons. The wastes will normally be
stored and aerated during the winter months. During
the summer months the waste water will be disposed
of by seepage and evaporation. If for some reason
disposal is not achieved in this manner, the waste
water would be chlorinated and sprinkler irrigated
during the summer months.
As additional condominiums are being constructed,
more lagoons will have to be built. The ultimate
design calls for lagoons to be built having a total
storage capacity of approximately 3,700,000 gallons.
With lagoons of this size and capacity constructed,
the waste water from 100 condominium units could be
stored and aerated during the winter months and
disposed of in the summer months by seepage and
evaporation.
When 150 units are completed, the lagoons will still
be large enough to store the waste water generated
during the winter months; however, all the waste
water could not be disposed of in summer months by
seepage and evaporation. It is proposed the excess
be disposed of by sprinkler irrigation during the
summer months.
With the ultimate development of 200 condominium
units, the lagoons are not large enough to store the
waste water generated during the winter months; and
some means would have to be devised to dispose of
some of the waste water during the winter months.
It is proposed that the effluent be chlorinated and
spread evenly over the ground by making artificial
snow. Snow making is proposed to avoid problems
with freezing and runoff resulting from the use of
ordinary irrigation sprinklers. The snow would be
spread fairly evenly over the area to be irrigated.
39
The snow then follows the natural snow melt cycle.
Snow melts from the bottom and seeps into the soil.
The ground is not frozen under the snow.
The use of waste stabilization lagoons in this type
of area has some serious drawbacks. First, limited
benefits can be obtained by evaporation because of
high precipitation, and the lower temperatures
during the winter months inhibit biological action.
The lagoons will be constructed on steep hillsides.
Those on ridges will be built generally in rock and
should be carefully lined to prevent seepage into
the fractured rock. Those in the draws will func-
tion as a reservoir behind a dam and will collect
excessive amounts of runoff from the snowmelt in the
spring and likely overflow.
The use of spray irrigation as a disposal means
needs serious consideration because of the steep
sideslopes which range up to 45 percent. Soil
moisture capacity is such that irrigation rates of 3
to 5 inches per month could be applied during the
warm summer months without exceeding capacity of the
soil. This amount of moisture should be handled
either by evaporation from the soil or by evapotrans-
piration from the vegetation. Any excess water not
taken up into the atmosphere would flow through the
soil as subsurface water and possibly enter the
nearest receiving stream, which is Bogus Creek,
1,900 feet away. The soil should be able to absorb
biological materials that remain in the effluent
after treatment, if the effluent stream does not
exceed somewhere around 25 mg/m BOD and 25 mg/m
suspended. Most of the nitrogen and phosphate in
the effluent should be absorbed by the vegetation
and soil structure during the summer months. However,
during the winter months, treatment by the soil
would be very limited.
A zero discharge incinerator system is planned for
the sewage generated at the proposed warming facility.
This method requires no water use. The emissions
are passed through a stack scrubber and air pollution
will be insignificant. Kitchen waste water will be
passed into a septic tank drainfield system at this
facility. The production of this waste water is
anticipated to be limited due to the limited services
to be made available.
All sewage treatment facilities will be designed and
constructed to meet State of Idaho standards.
40
b.
-
Vegetation Vegetation type, density, and patterns will
be altered. Vegetative covering is important for good
watershed stability and wildlife habitat. Ski runs
require low growth vegetation to provide for early season
use periods which lengthens skiing seasons and meet skier
safety needs. Vegetative species that meet these demands
will be generated on areas receiving slope grooming
treatment. Successful regeneration of vegetative ground
cover has been accomplised on adjacent areas receiving
treatment similar to that proposed. The vegetation
overstory presently existing on the area is broken. Some
clearing will be necessary, but natural openings will be
utilized to reduce impacts. No vegetative species will
be eliminated from the site. No species of special
interest or that may be classified as endangered or
threatened exists within the area.
c.
Air - No significant air contamination source exists
within the proposed expansion area. The operation of
equipment within the area will generate exhaust emissions.
The mixing of free flowing air and dispersal patterns
will reduce this impact.
The utilization of the area by 4,800 skiers arriving in
1,600 vehicles will generate some local pollution in the
parking lot area. This impact will be dispersed by the
mixing and dispersal action of the natural air currents.
The presence of these air contaminants will not effect
the Treasure Valley air quality standards that now exist.
Disposal of woody materials accumulating from slope
grooming and clearing will be accomplished by burning.
The smoke accumulation with its accompanying particulate
matter may be adequately dispersed by conducting the
dispersal on days with good atmospheric unstability which
will lead to prompt smoke dispersal.
Audio pollution due to machinery operation may be lessened
by utilizing quiet motor equipped units.
d.
Wildlife - There will be some wildlife species displace-
ment and replacement due to the expansion activity. The
vegetative type conversions will create new habitat
for some species and displace other species. There will
be additional edge effect to improve the habitat diver-
sity. Interspersion of the present habitat types will
reduce the impacts upon the different wildlife species
populations that are present.
The primary effect upon some species will be the removal
of trees and shrubs. Wildlife species that inhabit the
area and utilizes open grassy and low forb habitat should
increase upon the area.
41
No endangered or threatened species are known to inhabit
the area.
Lower Pine Creek fisheries is considered to be fair.
Pine Creek feeds into Grimes Creek. Fishing in Grimes
Creek is generally maintained on a put and take basis and
receives considerable pressure. Aquatic environment will
be affected by increased sediment, turbidity, and some
loss of food sources. Turbidity will be reduced as
source areas are stabilized.
No fish populations are present within the proposed
expansion area.
2.
Resource Uses and Values
a.
Special and Land Uses - A significant complex of land
uses exist on the immediate Shafer Butte area. These
uses have been identified and are generally compatible
with ski area development. The upper terminal site for
Chairlift No. 6 has been projected near the electronics
site/Shafer Butte Lookout location. The relationship of
the list structure terminal facility to the lookout
building will obstruct the view of lookout personnel into
the Grimes Creek-Warm Springs point areas where resource,
land values, and public safety considerations are high.
The relationship of the existing electronic buildings and
antenna systems to the proposed lift route and terminal
site presents a hazard to the skiing public. Preliminary
examination of the feasibility of redesigning and raising
the lookout platform, and consolidating and/or relocating
the electronics facility structures to a more compatable
location on Shafer Butte has been completed. The con-
flicts that would be created by location of the chairlift
in this location can be mitigated and would be the respon-
sibility of Bogus Basin Recreational Association.
Lift structure may induce electronic site interference by
either electrical emissions or by acting as a medium for
mixing transmittal radio frequencies to create intermodular
frequency products. These conditions can be overcome by
proper selection, design, and installation of chairlift
equipment with shielding and grounding mechanisms.
Although an examination of the area for mineral values
indicates no values are present (see Bibliography #10),
the area will be recommended for withdrawal from mineral
entry to protect the development investment involved.
The expansion area includes a portion of the Clear Creek
Cattle Allotment. The Pine Creek portion of this allot-
ment receives infrequent use. The cattle using the
42
allotment enter from the Dry Creek side and drift or are
pushed into the Clear Creek Allotment as the season
progresses. The upper slopes of the Pine Creek drainage
are closed to grazing because of the fragile ecosystem
and to reduce cattle drift into Bogus Creek. Livestock
grazing on areas groomed to accommodate skiing would not
be compatible. The areas proposed for treatment are not
suitable range areas and the suitability classification
will not change with treatment.
b.
Outdoor Recreation The area receives some recreation
use in the form of hunting and general forest travel by
motor vehicle. Limited use of this forest area is made
by hikers; however, there is potential for a hiking trail
across the area linking Shafer Butte and the Idaho City
area. The ski area development will affect summertime
use activity in that structure placement will detract
from the "secluded" value of the land. A "no shooting"
restriction on the permitted area to protect improvements
and provide for maintenance personnel safety would be
proposed. This will be in conjunction with a similar
restriction proposed for the presently developed area,
the electronics site complexes, and the Mores Mountain
Nature Trail area. This restriction will be coordinated
with the Idaho Fish and Game Department.
The use of the area by cross country skiers and snowmobilers
is not significant, and adequate adjacent area to meet
this demand is available.
Alpine skiing attractability will be enhanced considerably.
The proposal generates the possibility of providing 198
acres of downhill capacity in the intermediate and advanced
skier category. This will provide an opportunity to
provide ski slope capacity of 826 skiers at one time
beyond the ability of the present permitted area.
C.
Timber Production and Harvest The commitment of this
area to ski area use will reduce timber harvest activity
within the area. The productive forest land will support
ski runs and other areas that are not generally compatible
with logging. The lower portion of the expansion area
includes good stands of merchantable timber. It is
estimated that 200,000 board feet of timber may be cut
and removed during the development period. Tree removal
after that time will be limited to that necessary for
public safety, sanitation, and ski run improvement. The
area is not on the Five Year Timber Sale Plan and has
been extensively cut over in past years. The closest
proposed timber sale to this area is a 2.5 million board
foot sale in the North Fork of Clear Creek. This proposed
sale will not be affected by the expansion. The North
43
Fork of Clear Creek was proposed as a possible expansion
area in the master development plan and is evaluated in
the Alternatives Section of this statement.
d.
Scenics - Ski lift structures impose a detraction on
the landscape. The impact of their presence can be
softened by painting, with earthen colors, feathering
vegetative clearings to absorb the linear design of the
lift, and taking advantage of macro-relief to screen its
presence.
Ski run preparation requires extensive vegetative mani-
pulations. Clearing will be designed to avoid linear and
geometric design. This helps to blend prepared clearings
into the natural landscape.
Buildings will be architecturally designed to blend with
the natural landform, and color and texture can be pre-
scribed to compliment this.
Powerlines and other utility structures will be buried to
lessen the visual impact and safety hazard to skiers.
The visual significance of roadway improvement can be
reduced by locating in vegetatively screened areas,
revegetating to heal scar areas, and reconstructing only
those roads needed for effective movement of maintenance
forces. Vehicular traffic will be restricted to developed
access ways to reduce the visual resource impact on the
fragile slopes of the area.
e.
Historical and Archaeological - The survey conducted by
Forest Service Archaeologists produced no evidence of
aboriginal habitation. As slope preparation, footings,
excavation and lift platform construction is undertaken,
the progress will be spot checked by an archaeologist.
Should cultural remains be located, proper steps will be
taken to insure their protection, and the Idaho Advisory
Council of Professional Archaeologists will be informed.
Implementation of the plan will not result in the transfer,
sale, demolition or substantial alteration of eligible
National Register properties under Federal jurisdiction.
Additionally, the plan will have no effect on non-Federally
owned districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects
of historical, architectural or archaeological significance.
3.
Protection and Management
a.
General There will be an increase in need for admin-
istration time spent on the area. The complexity of
operations require technically trained personnel to
maintain a familiarity with the operations that is
44
.
sufficient to insure safe operations of facilities and
practice sound ecological practices. Additional time
spent on the area and administrative complexity creates
the need for working quarters for the Snow Ranger assigned
to the area. This area would be utilized as working
space while conducting special-use permit administration
duties; storage for ski safety equipment; and with proper
design and location, serve as a facility to focus on the
Forest Service role in providing winter sports areas in
the Intermountain area.
b.
-
Wildfire Wildfire during the summer fire season
will be a significant hazard to the equipment located on
these slopes. The chance of a wildfire starting will
increase with increased human activity. Automatic dis-
patch of smokejumper and air tanker initial attack will
be continued.
C.
Resource Ski slopes that receive grooming will need
to be protected from wheeled vehicle damage. The draft
Boise National Forest Travel Plan provides that wheeled
motorized vehicles be restricted to designated roads and
trails. The Travel Plan will provide for adequate protec-
tion for the area. An expanded signing program would be
implemented to inform the public.
d.
-
Administrative Improvements No significant impact is
anticipated upon the improvements that may be within the
area. Use of the Shafer Butte Lookout can be continued
during the time the structure is modified to increase the
observation height.
Access roads will have to be maintained by the permittee.
e.
Insect and Disease - No significant impacts will be
effected upon the insect and disease conditions that
exist within the area. Prompt slash disposal will be
necessary to reduce bark beetle populaton increase.
f.
Public Safety - The expansion area lends itself to the
development of ski runs in the advanced and intermediate
catagory of skiing ability. Advertisement to this fact
will have to be incorporated into area operations. Area
operation procedures will also provide for reduction of
obstacles that may hinder safe skiing activities.
Avalanche hazard is more serious on the east side of
Shafer Butte than within the present developed area.
Some control activity is presently provided. This effort
is directed toward cornice control after major storms.
Avalanche control efforts will have to be increased
45
within the expansion area because of the increased
exposure of skiers to slopes below cornice buildup areas.
The area will remain at at Class C hazard level with only
a low probability or chance of occurrence.
O
Skier evacuation out of the east side will be a signifi-
cant consideration in the event of a mechanical failure
of the lift facility. The isolation of the proposed
lower terminal area will result in evacuation by two
ways. One would be by skiing a distance of five miles
over an easy ski route, down Pine Creek to Grimes Creek,
where transportation can be provided.
The other way
would be by hauling and towing them out of the drainage
to the ridge above the Bogus Creek area. Snowcat avail-
ability, snow conditions, weather, and skier ability are
considerations that affect this process. Evacuation
operating procedures are a part of the area Safety Plan.
Making this additional area available to the skiing
public will call for additional ski patrol personnel and
equipment. These additions will be incorporated into the
safety plan developed for the ski area operations.
With increased numbers of skiers in the area and on the
road, additional law enforcement protection will be
needed. The present impact is provided for by coopera-
tion between the U. S. Forest Service and the Boise
County Sheriff through the SISK Act (PL 92-82).
tional patrol needs will be programined under this agreement.
.
g.
Transportation The present peak hourly traffic is
approximately 245 vehicles on a sustained basis. Using
an annual growth rate of 13 percent, the designed road
capacity of 450 vehicles per hour will be exceeded within
six years.
Relating the peak hourly traffic rate, the high average
attendance and the skier at one time capacity for the
slopes, the ski slope capacity will be exceeded prior to
the time the designed capacity of the road is reached.
Once slope capacities are exceeded and quality of skiing
deteriorates, growth rates could be expected to decrease
slightly, thus reducing the rate at which traffic levels
increase. This would tend to prolong exceeding possible
capacities. Once road capacity is exceeded, delays will
become more frequent and more lengthy. A demand for
better roads and/or a need to provide other kinds of
transport means would probably not occur unless quality
46
skiing standards are reduced to accommodate additional
skiers on the slopes. In the event possible capacities
of the road are exceeded and congestion becomes severe,
other means of transportation, such as bussing, may be
employed.
B.
Secondary Impacts
1.
Social-Cultural-Economic
a
Economic - The developments at the Bogus Basin Recreation
Area which are located upon National Forest land are
authorized by special-use permit.
The fee for this
occupancy is based on l'a percent of the dollar returns
from the area, which have been adjusted proportionately
for private and National Forest land share. This annual
fee has been as follows:
1972
$5,789
1973
$6,503
1974
$7,533
Expansion will necessitate the issuance of a revised
special-use permit which will base a new fee on the gross
fixed assets. Under this system, payment is influenced
by capital improvements and reinvestment.
Twenty-five percent of the net National Forest receipts
are returned to the individual counties that make up a
particular National Forest. Boise County comprises
approximately 35 percent of the Boise National Forest
land area. In Fiscal Year 1975, the payment to the
county was approximately $229,176 or approximately $.21
per acre of National Forest land.
b.
Population and Growth - This proposed action is not
anticipated to create a significant impact on population
or growth.
c.
-
Income and Employment The significance of this proposed
expansion is not great in this concern. Some additional
people will be hired to supplement the work force that
are presently employed in the area, and this opportunity
for employment opportunities are down. This additional
force is expected to be ten people, most of which are
employed in other jobs in the summer season.
No significant effect will be imposed on minority popu-
lations by the implementation of this proposal.
47
Income derived due to this proposed action is also not
significant. The availability of the additional area
will provide for a longer growth period before maximum
capacity is reached.
III. SUMMARY OF PROBABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED
The natural environment will receive several impacts as a result of this
expansion activity. Removal of vegetative crown cover will alter the
micro-climate. Deeper snow accumulations will occur upon the opened
areas. Snow compaction and reduction of the insulating effect will
result where runs are groomed or skied heavily. Increased stream sedi-
mentation and soil erosion will result due to soil disturbance and
changes in hydrology. There will be approximately 198 acres of irregular
shaped and dispersed vegetative type conversions. Some wildlife will be
displaced and replaced with other species due to the change of some
habitat types. Audio pollution will become apparent during the winter
use period and the summer maintenance period. Air pollution due to dust
and exhaust emissions will occur. Natural landform will be altered
where slope shaping, road construction, and drainage piping takes place.
Visual landscape character will be modified due to vegetative manipula-
tion and structure placement.
The addition of this area to skiing activity will generate additional
demand on the facilities on the Bogus Creek and Shafer Creek side.
Additional uphill capability from the base area will be needed. This
may be accommodated by chairlifts with greater skier per hour capacity,
additional chairlifts, or new means of transport. Additional parking
will be needed. When Bogus Basin Access Road reaches its possible
capacity, a modification of transport means or additional access will be
necessary. Approximately 198 acres of productive forest land will be
taken out of timber production for the life of the area.
The area will be proposed for withdrawal from mineral entry.
Increased numbers of skiers will require increased law enforcement
demands on Boise County.
Water quality from the watershed area will be reduced slightly.
Areas that are being or have been rehabilitated with a ground cover will
continue to be closed to grazing by domestic livestock.
IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT
AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY
This action will not significantly alter the long term productivity of
the land. Water quality will be somewhat reduced for the period of
commitment to this activity during which human activity is concentrated.
Timber production will be eliminated on the cleared runs. Timber harvest
will be restricted in the development area. The area will be recommended
for withdrawal from mineral entry, should any locatable minerals be
48
discovered to exist in the area. Road and parking lot construction will
cause land to be removed from productivity for the use period.
Modification of the natural landscape character will constitute a signi-
ficant commitment of resources. The lift towers could be removed, roads
"put to bed" and rehabilitated, and the ski runs allowed to grow back to
trees and brush, but this will not happen as long as skiing remains a
popular form of winter recreation.
V. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES
The proposal does not enlist an irreversible or irretrievable commitment
of the resource. The investment does, however, dictate long term limita-
tions on use of the resources involved.
VI. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
The following three alternatives to the proposal have been considered in
evaluating this proposal:
A.
Alternative I - No Expansion Beyond Present Permitted Boundary
Bogus Basin has an uphill capacity of 2,267 skiers per day which is
considered "the people at one time" capacity. The slopes served
by Lift No. 3 have some ski run expansion opportunities, but this
would be an advanced and expert terrain classification. Intermediate
ski runs are needed, but no potential intermediate slope classifications
exist in the area of Lift No. 3.
.
There is no significant amount of terrain within the present permitted
area that can accommodate additional ski runs. Night lighting of
runs has been accomplished on those slopes that can safely accommo-
date this activity.
High average attendance for the 1974-1975 season was 3,418 skiers.
The present slope capacity has been exceeded. Reducing the standard
of quality skiing by increasing the number of skiers-at-one-time
figure has resulted. Based on the National recommendations, this
would give an area capacity of 3,975, which is near the present
high average use for the area.
The ability of this local area to meet recreational demand for
skiing will be exceeded. The demand generated beyond what can be
handled at Bogus Basin must be shunted elsewhere or not met. The
desire for skiing will be satisfied by driving longer distances to
more distant points. The ability of the local area to meet this
recreation demand will be negated and opportunity to enjoy the
sport will be limited. No developed ski areas to absorb this addi-
tional demand are within a 2-hour travel distance.
49
B.
Expand Into An Area Other Than The Pine Creek
Alternative II
Drainage
During the evaluation of the Pine Creek expansion area, an analysis
was made of available adjacent terrain. These adjacent areas were
examined both as potential long range expansion prospects and as
additions to or substitutes for the Pine Creek area. These evalua-
tions are presented on the following pages.
It was concluded from this analysis that the Pine Creek drainage
represents the limit of feasible expansion. All desirable terrain
that can be developed has been included within the proposal bound-
aries, and further expansion of Bogus Basin beyond the Pine Creek
drainage would not be recommended.
1.
North Fork Clear Creek
This drainage has been proposed for possible future develop-
ment by the Bogus Basin long range development plan. The
proposal calls for two lifts in this drainage. Only one lift
would provide access out of Clear Creek to the existing area.
About two-thirds of this drainage could be machine packed,
predominately the southern half.
There are, however, a number of problems with the development
of Clear Creek for skiing. Fifty to sixty percent of the
drainage has a south aspect which contributes to poor snow
conditions early and late in the season. The topography is
more highly dissected than Pine Creek necessitating more
earthwork and creek piping or bridging. Ridgelines tend to be
very sharp and narrow, requiring either extensive leveling or
design of bowl runs where water and soil problems are more
severe.
Despite a total of 708 acres of terrain, preliminary mapping
indicates only five packable runs are feasible. Two of these
runs would have south aspects. Both south aspect runs are
served by the lift on the north side of the drainage. The
three north and east aspect runs are served by the lift on
the south side of the drainage. Since the north lift is
necessary to provide access to the base area, both lifts
would be needed to provide access and a reasonable amount of
packed ski terrain. With the very limited number of runs, the
development of two lifts and extensive grading operations
would not be economically feasible or ecologically sound.
2.
Macks Creek and Mores Mountain
These two areas are not included in the present expansion
proposal. However, they have been discussed as potential
expansion sites in the past and would be the alternatives to
development in the Pine Creek or Clear Creek drainages.
50
Mores Mountain lies to the north and east of Lift No. 3. The
ski slopes would need to be designed to be compatible with the
Shafer Butte picnic site and the extensive network of nature
trails that now exist. Mores Mountain could accommodate a
double chairlift and would provide a very limited amount of
beginner and beginner-intermediate runs. A small base parking
area would be necessary at the existing picnic site because
the area is not accessible from the existing base, except over
advanced terrain via Lift No. 3. Road access to this base
area is prohibitive due to excessive grade required.
The negative compatability of the structural and clearing
impacts with the use of the area for general outdoor enjoyment
and the excessive grade requirements for road access negates
further consideration for the Mores Mountain area for expan-
sion possibilities.
Macks Creek drainage lies to the east of Lift No. 3 and Mores
Mountain. This area is extremely steep with the majority of
slopes running in excess of 55 percent. The drainage would
not be packable by machine and would offer only powder skiing
for expert skiers. The runs, in addition to being steep,
would be relatively short.
Considering the limited area and value of skiable terrain that
could be added by the inclusion on Macks Creek, expansion to
include this area is not feasible.
c.
Alternative III - Advertise and Publish a Prospectus For
The Thorn Creek Butte Area
1.
Description
The Thorn Creek Butte has been under investigation for the
last four years as a potential winter sports site. This site
is located west of Idaho City, approximately 42 miles from
Boise, Idaho. The major access would be Highway 21 to Idaho
City then eight miles of access road off the main highway.
This access dirt road would require relocation and new con-
struction to serve a winter sports area.
The base area would be located at approximately 6,000 feet.
There is sufficient base acreage of land for the development
of a very adequate day-use ski area. Snow depths equal or
exceed those measured at Bogus Basin, with generally drier
snow conditions. The area is classified as "C" for avalanche
hazard which indicates a minimal problem. The aspect of the
winter sports site would be primarily north. The area has
a potential vertical rise of 1,500 feet.
51
In comparison, a winter sports site of approximately the same
size as Bogus Basin could be developed. A capacity of approxi-
mately 4,000 skiers per day could be served with the ultimate
development of this ski area.
2.
Effects
Soil and Ecological Impacts No specific analysis has been
developed on Thorn Creek to measure the precise effects on
soil stability and water quality. It is estimated that there
would be some soil disturbance necessary in the development of
the ski area. Mitigating measures including seeding, mulching,
and fertilization would be a normal process to minimize sedi-
ment production.
The Thorn Creek Butte has a number of natural openings and
scattered timber clearings near the top which would provide an
excellent opportunity to limit the environmental impacts of
run clearing.
Sufficient live water occurs on the site to provide water for
the development of a winter sports site. The disposal of
sewage would be necessarily handled through a lagoon system or
some other treatment facility similar to that in use by Bogus
Basin at this time, The 60 acres in the rolling terrain in
the base area provide a great deal of opportunity to plan the
location of day lodges and other necessary facilities, such as
parking, on desirable terrain with a minimal impact.
The ski area itself would have an average amount of impact
comparison to other winter sports sites developed. Because of
the expansive amount of potential base area, the impact can be
lessened a great deal through good planning. The access road
presents the greatest opportunity for impacts on National
Forest resources. This road passes through lands of the State
of Idaho and through Boise Basin Experimental Forest, Prelimin-
ary indications are that a road not exceeding six percent
grade could be located to the base area. Such a road location
would be an impact on the terrain; however, no severely steepened
side hills or difficult soil types have yet been recognized in
the evaluation of the road location.
In this environment evaluation of the Thorn Creek area, it
must be noted that in depth inter-disciplinary evaluation has
not been completed, and information is based on broader land
use planning resource data at this time.
3.
Economics
Reconstruction of a 2-lane, paved road eight miles to the
base area, plus the installation of a powerline from Idaho
52
City to the base area up Thorn Creek would be an expensive,
initial investment. It is anticipated that from $3 to $5
million would be necessary to build to necessary facilities
for this ski area to begin.
4.
Social
The primary objective of developing a new ski area would be to
provide additional ski slopes for skiers from the Treasure
Valley in future years. The capacity of Bogus Basin and the
Bogus Basin access road will eventually be reached regardless
of the expansion into Pine Creek. It is, therefore, estimated
that at some time in the future, an additional winter sports
site will be needed to serve the Boise area.
Many of
The location of this site at Thorn Creek Butte near Idaho City
would have major impacts on Boise County and the town of Idaho
City. A ski area such as this would employ 50 to 100 employees
after complete development. These employees would primarily
come from existing residents of the Idaho City area.
the population are employed in seasonal jobs in the logging
industry or National Forest administration, A winter sports
operation would provide an opportunity to round out a year's
work and lower the number of unemployed people during the
winter months. Overnight accommodations would be needed in
Idaho City to serve a modest amount of out-of-state traffic.
Accommodations for 100 to 200 persons would be anticipated to
meet the demand for overnight users. There is sufficient
private land in the vicinity of Idaho City to accommodate
expansion of the population. Eventual results could be a
modest growth of the population of Idaho City - perhaps a
sufficient number to warrant the operation of a school system
through the twelfth grade. With limiting of the winter sports
site at Thorn Creek to primarily day use with no on-site
overnight accommodations, the impact to Idaho City would be
limited to the employees working at the ski area and a small
number of overnight ski-area visitors.
5.
Evaluation
At the present time, insufficient data is available to com-
pletely evaluate both the economic and environmental impacts
of a new winter sports site in the vicinity of Idaho City. It
does appear to have a great deal of merit for providing future
skiing for Boise Valley. If the growth rate in alpine skiing
continues at the present 12 to 20 percent rate, environmental
and economical analysis of Thorn Creek Butte should proceed
with a goal of establishing a winter sports site in that
vicinity within the next ten years.
53
Since this ski area is entirely on National Forest land, a
prospectus would need to be issued to solicit a prospective
permittee. This would require a complete development of an
environmental statement prior to such an advertisement. The
advertising period for a prospectus would normally last one
year. This is to give any interested individuals or parties
an opportunity to observe conditions at the site in winter and
summer and to develop their own studies on the economic feasi-
bility of such a large investment in that area.
With the appropriate times for environmental evaluation,
development of a complete environmental analysis statement,
evaluation by perspective permittees, and eventually develop-
ment of the ski area, a period of five to seven years delay
in providing additional skiing is anticipated. This necessary
lead time reduces the viability of selecting this alternative
to provide skiing for Boise residents at this time. It appears
appropriate to further consider this site for development at a
future date if the growth trends of the skiing population
continue at the present rate.
VII. CONSULTATION WITH APPROPRIATE FEDERAL AGENCIES AND REVIEW BY STATE
AND LOCAL AGENCIES
Analysis of Public Involvement to Date
Public review of this expansion concept has been a part of the land use
planning process for development of the Shafer Butte Land Use Plan.
During this public involvement process, a number of presentations and
approaches were accomplished. Meetings and groups involved are listed
below:
June 7, 1973
Selected public field trip for input
on alternatives
July 12, 1973
Four open house public meetings on
alternatives
July 17, 1973
Group of five interested private
landowners
September 5, 1973
Greater Mores Creek Association
representatives
October 5, 1973
Mores Creek Property Owners Committee
March 23, 1974
Greater Mores Creek Association.
March 28, 1974
Greater Mores Creek Association.
May 16, 1974
Public meeting.
54
June 4, 1974
Idaho Motorcycle Association
representatives.
July 1, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
July 6, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
July 30, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
August 13, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
August 27, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
September 10, 1974
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan Review
Committee.
The following is a summary of the consultation with others and a list of
agencies, organizations, and groups contacted during the development of
the plan:
Federal Agencies
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
Bureau of Census
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Reclamation
Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife
Corps of Engineers
Soil Conservation Service
State Agencies
Boise State University
Idaho Parks Department
Idaho Department of Public Lands
Idaho State Fish and Game Department
Idaho State Historical Society
Idaho State Parks and Recreation
Idaho State University
Local Government
Ada Council of Government
Ada County Highway District
Ada County Commissioners
Boise County Commissioners
Idaho Water Resources Board
55
Organizations
Ada County Fish and Game League
Ada County Waterways Commission
American Association of University Women
Bogus Basin Recreational Association
Boise Cascade Corporation
Boise National Forest Livestock Advisory Board
Boise Snowmobile Club
Clear Creek Association
Des Arab Arabian Horse Association
Exchange Club
Gein State 4-Wheel Drive Association
Greater Mores Creek Association
Harris Lumber Company
Highland Land and Livestock
Hoff Lumber Company
Idaho Gem Society
Idaho Mining Association
Idaho Motorcycle Association
Idaho Power Company
Karney Lakes Club
KBBK FM
KBOI Radio and TV
KBXL Radio
KGEM Radio
KIDO Radio
League of Women Voters of Idaho
Mayfair Development Company
Producers Lumber Company
Preservation and Conservation Task Force
Sierra Club
Simplot Industries
Southern Idaho Forestry Association
Spring Valley Land and Livestock Company
Statesman
Terteling Land Company
In addition, a total of 475 individuals were contacted in the general
planning process.
Public response regarding the commitment of the land area for the pur-
pose of supporting expansion developments is listed below:
General Response on Recreation Development*
Number
In favor of ski area development
Against ski area development
7
0
* A total of 22 recreation oriented responses were submitted.
56
Specific Comments on Recreation Development**
Number
Keep development of recreation areas to a minimum
in Area 3 (Dry Creek Management Area).
1
Cooperate with BLM in recreation development.
4
Emphasize all recreation.
1
Stress family-type recreation.
1
Plan for use; do not control it.
1
Allocate by user group numbers.
1
Plan all development with users.
1
Control all recreation.
1
Balance recreation with other uses.
1
Ski area has primary importance because of growing
demand and better suited to skiing than snowmobile
or ORV use.
3
Only develop campground where accessible by present
roads and trails.
1
Make skiing No. 1 priority in Area 2 (Shafer Butte
Management Area) so children have same opportunities
as I did.
1
Expand ski area as need arises.
2
Use areas away from ski area for other types of
recreation.
1
Consider expansion or expand Bogus Basin,
5
Expand Bogus Basin on their private land.
1
Do not develop any more adjacent ski areas until
there is sufficient demand.
1
**A total of 34 recreation oriented responses were submitted.
57
APPENDIX
1
RECEDEHUSEN.F.
Copies sent Rgrs.
Promise Card for
Boise longer District
7803 arm Springs
Boise, 18. 83706
ast
SEP 1 6 1975
FS
RWW.
099
RS
E
AO
IE
P9
2720
B&F
September hen 197545
FT
.RS
ACTION
ADDITIONAL ROUTING
ir. Robert Loughrey
Logus Basin Recreation Association
731 orth 15th
Boise, Io. 33706
Frcores
Dear Sob:
Enclosed is a copy of the engineering submittals we will call for
should the proposal for expansion into Pine Creek he approved.
If you have any question on these submittals, please contact
Jerry Knaebel, Forest Engineer for the Boise National Forest at
extension 2254.
Information regarding the electronics site users on Shafer Butte
is also enclosed. For further information on this subject, please
contact Harold Head (ext. 2571) or me.
Sincerely,
RUSSELL L. NEWCOMB
ja
PiIILLIP D. GLASS
District Forest Ranger
Enclosures
C.C:
Chuck fiske
58
A P P E N D I X
(
REPREDLOUSE.N.F.
Copies sent Rgrs.
Promise Card for
Boise Ranger District
7803 Warm Springs
Boise, ID. 83706
SEP 16 1975
FS
RWW.
099
R
E
AO.
HE PY
2720
S.
B&F
September him, 197545
FC
RS
ACTION
Ott
ilr. Robert Loughrey
Logus Basin Recreation Association
731 Horth 150h
Boise, 13. 33706
ADDITIONAL ROUTING
गर
Frost
关
​Dear Bob:
Enclosed is a copy of the engineering submittals we will call for
should the proposal for expansion into Pine Creek he approved.
If you have any question on these submittals, please contact
Jerry Knaevel, Forcst Engineer for the Boise National Forest at
extension 2254.
Information regarding the electronics site users on Shafer Butte
is also enclosed. For further information on this subject, please
contact Harold lead (ext. 2571) or me.
-
Sincerely,
RUSSELL L. NEWCOMB
ja
PHILLIP D. GLASS
District Forest Ranger
Enclosures
Cc:
Chuck Fiske
58
(
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT WORK
BOGUS BASIN
1. Ski lift
aerial tram
2.
Run clearing
3. Piping
4. Grading of runs
5.
Reconstruct Pine Creek road to lower terminal
6. Reconstruction and construction of cat track from lower
terminal, up Pine Creek to existing area at Deer Point
7.
Construction of cat track from lower terminal to Chair
Lift #3 area
+
8.
Construct warming shed on top with water and sewer system
9. Power transmission line
10. Sanitation facilities at lower terminal
11. Condominium development
A. Sanitation system
B. Water system
59
(
REQUIRED SUBMITTALS
.-
1. Aerial Tramway
A.
Lift line location survey
(1) Traverse
(2) Profile
B. Design drawings
(1) Structural drawings of
1
( a) towers
(b) terminals
c) counterweights
d) electrical system
e) controls
(f) footings
a) drive system
(2) All lift line calculations
(3) Foundation analysis for footings
C.
We would want to review and approve the footing
excavation plans when tower locations are deter-
mined (access and method of excavation).
Slash disposal plan (method and time schedule).
-
D.
2. Run Clearing
A. Clearing limits would be defined on topo map or
aerial photos.
B.
A plan on how clearing and stabilization would be
done.
(1)
(2
Submit progress plan
Submit method plan
C.
Slash disposal plan (method and time schedule
including disposal of merchantable timber).
D.
Erosion control and stabilization plan.
60
2
3. Piping
A. Survey and design
(1) Traverse
(2) Profile showing natural ground and final grade
(3) Design X-sections every 50' and at changes in
topography showing natural ground and final
lines and grades
(4) Underdrain design including soil analysis and
filter design
8. Engineering design calculations
(1) Design storm, pipe sizing and kind
2 Filter design
(3) Compaction densities (95% of max. density at
optimum moisture - AASHTO T99)
(4) Quantities
(5) Installation specifications
(6) Location and design of borrow sources
(7) Velocities at outlet
C.
Structural detail plans of intake structure, clean outs,
angles or bends, energy dissipators at outlet, seepage
collars.
D.
Erosion control and stabilization plan (methods and
timing).
4. Grading of Runs
A. Topographic map showing where excavation will take
place and limits of disturbed area.
B.
Typical section of area to be excavated or filled. .
c. Quantities at cach site.
D.
Erosion control and stabilization plan including
methods and timing.
E. Specifications on the placement of fill material.
5. Reconstruction of Pine Creek Road
A.
Where reconstruction is planned (last 11 mile) Fed.
Aid sheet plan and profile showing all quantities,
alignment, construction limits, natural and final
grade profiles, culvert locations and grades.
61
3
í
B.
On lower end where construction not needed, Bogus
Basin would be responsible for maintenance during
construction activities. Any improvement would
require advanced approval.
6 & 7. Cat Tracks
A.
Locations would be limited to slopes less than 55 percent.
B.
Location will be shown on contour map.
C.
Submit typical section showing finished width.
D. Clearing and slash disposal plan and specs.
E.
Erosion control plans.
F. Design of live water drainage crossing including
capacity and design flow calculations.
G.
Location will be reviewed on the ground to determine
inslope-outslope sections and dip locations.
8. Warming Shed
A. Site plan
(1) Location on site
(2) Show location of all utilities
3
B.
Structural drawings
(1) Construction details
(2) Roof truss design
(3) Architectural treatments
(4) Floor plan
5) Elevation view - all sides)
(6) All sections
(7) Foundation details
(8 Water systein design including storage details
and disinfection
(9) Sewer system
(a) pipe location and sizes
(b) grades
(c) details of disposal facilities
(10) Electrical system
62
(
4
C. Design calculations
1 Roof loading
( 12) Stress on structural members
(3 Water demand
(4) Sewer capacities and 300 loading
D. Grading plan
NOTE:
A11 submittals will be prepared and stamped by a
professional engineer.
63
Table 1
Population - Treasure Valley Counties
(See Bibliography #5.)
County
1950
1960
1970
1974*
Ada
70,649
93,460
112,230
131,700
Adams
3,349
2,978
2,877
3,200
Boise
1,776
1,646
1,754
2,400
Canyon
53,597
57,662
61, 341
72,900
Elmore
16,687
16,719
17,479
20,300
Gem
8,730
9,127
9,387
10,900
Owyhee
6, 307
6, 375
6,422
7,500
Payette
11,921
12,363
12,401
13,900
Valley
4,270
3,663
3,609
4,400
Washington
8,576
8,378
7,633
8,300
Total
185,862
212,371
235,133
275,500
*1974 projection by State of Idaho, Bureau of Vital Statistics
64
Table 2
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
FOR TREASURE VALLEY, IDAHO
(See Bibliography #5)
1975
1980
1990
County
LOW
Med
High
Low
Med
High
Low
Med
High
Ada
129.3 133.3
137.3
152.9
158.4
163.9
187.8
195.6
203.4
Canyon
75.7
78.4
86.6
89.7
92.8
105.6
81.1
90.8
98.2
Others
66.5
68.6
70.8
70.6
73.0
75.4
74.7
77.5
80.3
Total
271.5 280.3
289.2
310.1
321.1
332.1
353.3
371.3
389.3
65
Table 3
ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDS MOVING INTO ADA COUNTY
EXCLUDING INTRA-IDAHO MOVES*
1971-1972
1972
Percent
1971
Percent
1971-72
Percent
59.7
56.0
58.0
Far West
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Oregon
Washington
.98
27.10
.42
2.54
14.67
13.96
.87
24.60
.69
2.08
15.74
13.84
.93
26.00
.54
2.33
14.37
13.90
15.37
15.92
15.62
Rocky Mountain
Colorado
Montana
Wyoming
Utah
3.10
3.67
1.41
7.19
3.81
3.98
.69
7.44
3.42
3.81
1.09
7.30
7.48
7.61
7.54
Southwest
Arizona
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
3.24
.56
1.55
2.12
2.94
1.21
.52
2.94
3.11
.85
1.09
2.49
Plains
4.37
6.06
5.13
Mideast
2.96
3.46
3.19
Great Lakes
3.99
4.67
3.96
New England
1.12
1.21
1.17
Southeast
4.65
3.98
4.35
Foreign
.98
1.04
1.01
.
**Totals
100%
100%
100%
*Data for Table 3 is from an unpublished study conducted by the author
for the Center for Business and Economic Research, Boise State College.
**Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding.
66
Table 4
LABOR FORCE BREAKDOWN
1970
(See Bibliography #5)
Treasure Valley
Percent
Idaho
Ada & Canyon
Civilian Labor Force
33.9
Unemployment
26.6
Total Unemployment
34.2
Agricultural Employment
30.7
Non-Agricultural Employment
34.9
Non-Agricultural Self Employment & Dom.
37.3
Non-Agricultural Wage & Salary
34.5
Total Manufacturing
32.1
Food Processing
31.5
Lumber & Timber
26.8
Fabricated Metals
29.4
Transportation Equipment
88.2
All Other
27.0
Total Non-Manufacturing
35.1
Construction
34.9
Transportation
36.5
Wholesale & Retail
36.9
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate
45.2
Service & Miscellaneous
34.6
Percent
of 10 Counties
77.5
67.3
78.1
52.7
82.4
81.8
82.5
79.1
88.9
49.5
100.0
100.0
80.3
83.3
85.2
85.0
86.3
90.1
86.5
Government Administration & Education
34.8
75.6
67
Table 5
PER CAPITA INCOME
(See Bibliography #7)
1950
1959
1970
1972
Per
Capita
Income
Per
Capita
Income
Per
Percent Capita
Change Income
Percent
Change
Per
Capita
Income
Percent
Change
County
Ada
$1,425
$2,084
46
$3,367
62
$3,637
8
Adams
1,552
2,330
50
3,540
52
3,054
-14
Boise
1,112
1,513
36
2,557
69
2,738
7
Canyon
1,179
1,720
46
3,184
85
2,937
- 8
Elmore
1,177
1,946
65
3,396
75
2,535
-25
Gem
1,104
1, 256
14
2,859
128
2,711
- 5
Owyhee
1, 322
1,693
27
1,454
-14
2,088
44
Payette
971
1,377
42
2,704
96
2,739
1
Valley
1,520
2,078
37
3,257
57
3,128
- 4
Washington
1,156
1,651
43
3,264
98
2,596
-20
Total
1,279
1,868
46
3, 205
72
3,186
- 1
-
State
1,298
1,843
42
3,222
78
3,080
- 4
-
PROJECTED PER CAPITA INCOME
(See Bibliography #8)
Treasure Valley
Area
State of Idaho
U.S.
Per Capita
Income
Percent of
State Ave.
Per Capita
Income
Percent of
U.S. Ave.
Per Capita
Income
Year
1980
$ 4,359
115
$3,789
80
$ 4,765
1990
5,736
114
5,015
81
6,166
2000
7,761
113
6,845
83
8, 289
2010
10, 345
113
9,193
84
10,895
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Bogus Basin Long Range Plan, Specific Development Proposal, Bogus
Basin Recreational Association, Incorporated, February 1972.
2.
Shafer Butte Land Use Plan, Boise National Forest, August 1975.
3.
Soil Hydrologic Reconnaissance, Boise Ranger District, Boise National
Forest, June 1974.
4.
1970,
O
U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population:
Number of Inhabitants, Final Report PC(1) - A14 Idaho,
Washington, D.C., 1971.
.
5.
A Socio-Economic Overview of the Boise National Forest, July 1973.
6.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970, General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)B14, Idaho.
Washington, D.C., 1971.
7.
Office of Business Economics, Regional Economics Information System,
County Earnings, Idaho. Washington D.C., 1970.
8.
U.S. Water Resources Council, 1972, Office of Business and Economics
Research Service (OBERS), Regional Economic Activity in the U.S.,
Volumes 4 and 5, Washington, D.C., 1972.
>
Ski
9. Entwistle, Robert T. and Kathleen J. Snow, Landscape Architects
Area Planning, Bogus Basin Analysis, Boise National Forest,
October 1975, typewritten report.
10.
Dow, Vernon T., Mining Engineer, Mineral Examination Report Bogus
Basin Expansion Area, Boise National Forest, May 1973, typewritten
report.
11. Herrington, Roscoe B., Recreation Resource Analyst, Intermountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station, Odgen, Utah, Skiing Trends
and Opportunities in the Western United States, U.S. Forest
Service Research Paper, 1967.
12.
Cole, Gene F., Hydrologist, Bogus Basin Expansion Proposal, Phase III,
South Fork Pine Creek, Expected Water Impacts, Boise National
Forest, July 1974, typewritten report.
13.
Winkelaar, Paul, Soil Scientist, Soil Survey Interpretation and
Management, Bogus Basin Winter Sports Area, Boise National
Forest, July 1974, typewritten report.
69
14.
Knaebel, Jerome B. and Michael D. Riley, Civil Engineers, Bogus Basin
Road Analysis, Boise National Forest, June and November 1975,
typewritten report.
15.
Riley, Michael D. and C. Jack Coon, Civil Engineers, Bogus Basin
Recreation Area Waste Disposal System, Boise National Forest,
June and November 1975, typewritten report.
16.
Proceedings of the 1974 Ski Area Planning Symposium, Pacific Northwest
Ski Area Association and United States Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Region.
17.
Guidelines For Ski Area Inventory and Planning, United States Forest
Service, Region 1, 1970.
18.
Winter Sports Administration, United States Forest Service, Region 4,
1970.
19.
Green, James P., Vickie L. Clay, Donald J. Pint, Archaeological
Evaluation of the Proposed Bogus Basin Ski Area Expansion,
Boise National Forest, Boise Ranger District, August 1975,
typewritten report.
20.
A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways, American Association
of State Highway Officials, 1965 edition.
21.
Highway Capacity Manual, Highway Research Board Special Report 87, 1965.
70