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Sacramento Area
Voltage Support
s
TRANSPORTATION
DRAFT
SUPPLEMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT STATEMENT
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT REPORT
^pp'y'is^sy
Preserving Reliability
July 2007
Type of Statement:
Lead Agency:
Location:
Contact:
EIS Number:
Website:
Hotline:
COVER SHEET
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft Supplemental
Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) and
Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Western Area Power Administration
Placer, Sacramento, and Sutter Counties,
State of California
DOE/EIS-0323S1
Mr. Steve Tuggle, Natural Resource Manager
Western Area Power Administration
Sierra Nevada Region
114 Parkshore Drive
Folsom, CA 95630
1-866-767-9272 (toll-free), telephone
(916)985-1936, fax
email: svs-seis@wapa.gov
www.wapa.gov/sn
1-866-859-5126 (toll-free)
Abstract
Western Area Power Administration markets and transmits electricity from multi-use, Federal water
projects. Westem sells wholesale electricity to more than 70 preference customers in central and northem
Califomia and Nevada. Western's Sierra Nevada Region (SNR) includes the greater Sacramento,
California, area. SNR maintains and operates numerous substations and more than 1,200 miles of
transmission lines. These transmission lines are interconnected to other greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners. Load Serving Entities, and utilities, including the Sacramento Municipal
Utility District (SMUD) and the City of Roseville (Roseville). Western's system contributes to and is
affected by voltage stability, reliability, and security of the greater Sacramento-area transmission
system. Transmission system studies performed in 2006 and 2007 showed that additions and upgrades
are needed to maintain system voltage stability, reliability, and security in accordance with NERC
and WECC Planning/Operations Reliability Standards, and for Western to continue to meet its
legislative and contractual requirements. The resulting system additions and upgrades would also
provide additional power importing capabilities to the greater Sacramento area. Therefore, Westem
proposes to construct approximately 31 to 38 miles of new, double-circuit, 230-kilovolt (kV)
transmission line between Western's O'Banion Substation and the area just south of SMUD's Elverta
Substation and reconstmct SMUD's existing 230-kV/l 15-kV transmission line between SMUD's
Elverta and Natomas substations. Westem prepared this Supplemental Environmental Impact
Statement (SEIS) to comply with its requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act.
SMUD and Roseville participated in the preparation of the joint SEIS and Environmental Impact
Report (EIR) to comply with their requirements under the Califomia Environmental Quality \ct. The
Sacramento Area Voltage Support SEIS and EIR contains a description of the proposed Project,
existing environmental conditions for the project area, findings of environmental effects, and
comparison of altematives. Westem has not selected a preferred altemative and will consider public
comments in selecting one. Public comment fomms will begin with a short presentation of the project
and environmental analysis and follow with an opportunity for the public to provide oral or written
comments:
August 7, 2007, 6:00-8:00 PM
City of Roseville Corporation Yard
Meeting Rooms 1 and 2
2005 Hilltop Circle
August 8, 2007, 6:00-8:00 PM
SMUD HQ Auditorium
6201 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95817
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 BACKGROUND
The Western Area Power Administration (Western)
markets and delivers reliable, cost-based
hydroelectric power and related services within the
central and western United States. Western is one of
four power marketing administrations within the
U.S. Department of Energy, whose role is to market
and transmit electricity from multi-use Federal water
projects. Western markets energy from power plants
operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
(Reclamation), U.S. Amiy Corps of Engineers
(USAGE), and the International Boundary and
Water Commission. Western's service area covers
1.3 million square miles, and its wholesale power
customers provide service to millions of consumers
in 15 western states. Western operates and maintains
about 17,000 miles of transmission lines.
By law. Western markets power that is in excess of
Federal project requirements. Western markets
power to preference customers, such as Federal and
state agencies, Native American tribes, electric
cooperatives, municipal utilities, public utility
districts, irrigation districts, and water districts.
Western's Sierra Nevada Region (SNR) includes the
greater Sacramento, California, area. SNR sells
wholesale electricity to more than 70 preference
customers in central and northern Califomia and
Nevada as part of the Central Valley Project (CVP)
and the Washoe Project.
SNR maintains and operates numerous substations
and more than 1,200 miles of transmission lines.
These transmission lines are interconnected to other
greater Sacramento-area transmission system
owners. Load Serving Entities, and utilities
including Sacramento Municipal Utility District
(SMUD) and the City of Roseville (Roseville).
SMUD is one of the greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners, a Load Serving Entity,
• and an area electric utility that serves approximately
565,000 electric customers in Sacramento County
and a portion of Placer County. SMUD is also the
"Balancing Authority" for some of the greater
Sacramento-area utilities and transmission system
owners including Western. Roseville, a municipal
utility, is also a Load Serving Entity and electric
utility in the greater Sacramento-area that serves
approximately 50,000 electric customers in Placer
County.
ES.2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE
PROPOSED ACTION
Western's system contributes to and is affected by
voltage stability, reliability, and security of the greater
Sacramento-area transmission system. Western must
meet its project-use requirements and contractual
obligations to customers for delivering power
generated from Federal hydroelectric facilities.
Western regularly participates in transmission system
studies with other greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners. Load Serving Entities,
and utilities to address transmission system needs. In
2001-2002, these studies concluded that the system's
existing transmission lines were reaching their
maximum power transfer limits for serving the area's
existing energy needs; therefore, transmission system
additions and upgrades were necessary to maintain
power system voltage stability, reliability, and
security. Without transmission system additions and
upgrades. North American Electric Reliability
Council (NERC) violations could occur. Western
and the interconnected transmission system owners,
area Load Serving Entities, and area utilities are
required to ensure that the system is operated in
accordance with strict reliability standards
established by NERC and the Western Electricity
Coordination Council (WECC).
Since completion of the original transmission
studies, the greater Sacramento-area transmission
system has gone through significant changes. These
changes include construction of new power plants,
cancellation or indefinite delay of proposed power
plants, and increase in the amount of power
imported to the greater Sacramento area. The
transmission system studies performed in 2006 and
2007 continue to show that the existing transmission
lines in the greater Sacramento are^have reached
their maximum power transfer limits for serving the
area's energy needs, particularly in the northem portion
of the greater Sacramento area. Load Serving Entities
and utilities in the area have taken interim measures to
avoid potential uncontrolled system-wide outages. As
a last resort, operators may be required to implement
post-contingency load shedding and/or rotating
blackouts. These solutions provide limited voltage
stability improvement and are not always available
or preferred. In addition, load shedding or rotating
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-1
Executive Summary
blackouts can have a significant negative impact on
utility customers.
Therefore, Western, greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners. Load Serving Entities,
and utilities need transmission system additions and
upgrades to maintain Western's, and the greater
Sacramento-area transmission system voltage
stability, reliability, and security in accordance with
NERC and WECC Planning/Operations Reliability
Standards and to continue meeting Western's
legislative and contractual requirements. In addition,
the resulting system additions and upgrades would
provide additional power importing capabilities to
the greater Sacramento area.
ES.3 PROPOSED PROJECT
In response to the need identified in the 2001 and
2002 transmission system studies. Western prepared
a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) in
November 2002 and a Final EIS in September 2003.
A Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on January
12, 2004. The ROD was based upon the analysis in
the EIS that concluded that if a project were to
proceed, it should follow the configuration of the
preferred alternative described in the Final EIS and
was selected as the preferred alternative because it
provided the highest level of voltage support,
security, and reliability, while presenting relatively
low environmental impacts. This alternative was
identified as Alternative 2 Option B. This alternative
included the following components:
1. Reconductoring the existing double circuit
230-kilovolt (kV) transmission line from Elverta
Substation to Tracy Substation
2. Constructing a new double-circuit 230-kV
transmission line from O'Banion Substation to
Elverta Substation.
3. Realignment of the transmission line near
Pleasant Grove Cemetery between O'Banion
Substation and Elverta Substation and Option B
of the Cottonwood-Roseville single circuit,
230-kV transmission line.
In 2005, SMUD and Roseville agreed to provide
funding and Western decided to proceed with
additional environmental review of the project.
Based upon the 2006 and 2007 transmission system
studies, Westem, area transmission system owners.
Load Serving Entities, and utilities identified the
need to add transmission system improvements to
the northem portion of the greater Sacramento area.
These improvements would provide a higher level of
voltage support, security, and reliability than the
preferred altemative recommended in the FEIS. The
proposed Project consists of the following
components:
1. Constructing a new, double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line between O'Banion Substation and the
area just south of the Elverta Substation. This
transmission line would include a new circuit from
O'Banion Substation to Elverta Substation and a new
circuit from O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation.
2. Reconstructing the existing double-circuit 230-kV/
115-kV transmission line between Elverta Substation and
Natomas Substation into a double-circuit 230-kV
transmission line.
Westem has responsibility to prepare this
Sacramento Area Voltage Support (SVS)
Supplemental EIS (SEIS) to analyze the
environmental impacts from constmction and
operation of the proposed Project, according to the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The
SEIS will analyze the environmental impacts from
the constmction and operation of the proposed
Project and its routing altematives.
The proposed Project includes transmission facilities
currently owned and operated by SMUD. SMUD
obtains its authority from the State of Califomia's
Municipal Utility District Act. As a project
participant, SMUD has responsibility under the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to
prepare an Environmental Impact Report (EIR).
While Westem is not subject to CEQA, Westem and
SMUD, with Roseville's participation, have
prepared this joint Supplemental SVS SEIS and EIR
as a stand-alone document to minimize the need for
extensive cross-referencing to the original EIS. Its
purpose is to analyze the environmental imflhcts
from constmcting and operating the proposed
Project. Draft SEIS and EIR findings will provide
Westem and participating agencies with a basis for
making a decision on if the Project should proceed
and if so, under which altemative. Westem would
implement appropriate solutions under its
Reclamation Law authority.
ES.4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Public involvement is a vital part of the decision¬
making process for this Draft SEIS and EIR.
Westem and SMUD have developed a public
involvement program to provide multiple
opportunities for comment during the Draft SEIS
ES-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Existing 230-kV Alternative A1
Transmission
Line System
No Action
□ Existing 230-kV
Transmission line
II New Construction
Within Existing ROW
■ New Construction
Within New ROW
n Abandonment
Substation
Alternative A2
2A5
Elverta
■ 3
■
A
Natomas
Alternative AS
Notes;
- Colored segements correspond to route segments on Figure ES-2.
O'Banion
2A3
1 Elverta
Natomas
Alternative
A3
^■O'Banion
^ 1
2B
^■Elverta
■
3 ■
■
Natomas
O'Banion
r
2A4
Elverta
■
■ ^
*
Natomas
Alternative A4
O'Banion
V
\
2C
■1 Elverta
■
■
■
■
■
3
Natomas
Alternative B
Alternative C
N
A
Figures not to Scale
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure ES-1
General Layout of
Alternatives
Executive Summary
and EIR process of public scoping, alternative
formulation, altemative evaluation, and decision
making. The program is intended to guide Western
and SMUD tluough a collaborative, systematic,
decision-making process to heighten public
awareness and to encourage open conununication
throughout the development of the Draft SEIS and
EIR. The process was designed for flexibility and
responsiveness to the issues and needs of the public,
Westem's customers, and public agencies. The
45-day public comment period will begin upon
publication of the Notice of Availability (NOA) for
the Draft SEIS and EIR. Following is Westem's
anticipated schedule:
Public Scoping May 9-July 15,2006
Public Scoping Meetings
June 5 and 7,2006
Release of Draft SEIS and EIR
July 2007
Public Comment Forum
August 2007
Public Comment Period Closes
45 days from Notice of Availability of Draft SEIS and
EIR
Release of Final SEIS and EIR Winter 2007/Spring 2008
ES.5 ROUTE SEGMENT
DESCRIPTIONS
Westem proposes to constract approximately 31 to
38 miles of new, double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line between Westem's O'Banion
Substation and the area just south of SMUD's
Elverta Substation and reconstruct SMUD's existing
230-/115-kV transmission line between SMUD's
Elverta and Natomas substations using three route
segments. Figures ES-1 and ES-2 present the general
layout of Route Segments 1,2, and 3. Segments 1
and 3 are common to each altemative. Seven potential
altemative aligiunents were identified for Segment 2
that woxild tie into Segment 3 between Elverta and
Natomas substations.
Appendix B provides a sununary of the segments
with associated specific operations including the
number of new stmctures, miles of new access
{oads, and acres of land that would be disturbed.
Appendix C contains aerial photos of the line
segments and mileposts. Segments are described in
the following sections.
ES.5.1 Segment 1 - O'Banion
Substation to Cross Canal
Segment 1 would consist of constmcting about
17.1 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line in new transmission line right-of-
way (ROW) and adjacent to an existing transmission
line ROW from O'Banion Substation to an area near
Cross Canal. It would parallel the Sutter Bypass and
cross the Feather River. Westem does not anticipate
the need to constmct new access roads.
ES.5.2 Segment 2 - Cross Canal to
South of Elverta Substation
Several alignments were originally considered for
Segment 2. Preliminary screening was based
primarily on which side of the road a segment shoidd
follow. As a result, four segments were eliminated
from consideration in the Draft SEIS and EIR,
primarily because of engineering constraints, as
described in Appendix A. Three alignments were
retained for Segment 2, including Segments 2A, 2B,
and 2C. Segment 2A was further delineated into
route Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4, and 2A5 to
evaluate various west-to-east routes between
Highway 99 and points near East Levee Road.
Segment 2 routes are described belOw.
Segment 2 A would consist of constmcting about
11.6 to 13.5 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line within a new ROW. This
alignment woidd begin at the termination of
Segment 1 and proceed about 0.7 mile along Cross
Canal, then turn south along the east or west side of
Highway 99. Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4, and
2A5 present five altemative routes between Riego
Road and Elkhom Boulevard that cormect the east or
west Highway 99 route option east to a point near
East Levee Road, then extend south and east to
connect with SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas
transmission line south of the Elverta Substation in
Sacramento Area VoUage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-3
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
tAAgcwy:y^ exempt from public release under
tf>e Freedom of information Act (5 U.S.0.552)
AUMwusTRATiow Exemption 2 - Circumvention of statute.
Western review required before public release.
S/erra Nevada
Reghn
Name/Org; Burleson Consulting Date: 04/23/2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of this product is
ailo^d without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Source: SNR, GDT, Califomia Spatial Information Library
SVS Segment
1
2A1
2A2
' 2A3
2A4
2A5
2B
2Ci
2C2
3
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Road
H 1- Raiitoad
Vt&tercourse
CDFG Significant Area
=31 County
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure ES-2
Route Segment Map
1:140,000
N
A
Miles
Executive Summary
Sacramento County. Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4,
and 2A5 are further described below and shown in
Figures 3.1-4 to 3.1-9. Each new 2A alignment
would require new access roads.
ES.5.2.1 Segment 2A1 - South Side of Riego
Road
Segment 2A1 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 5.1 miles to Riego
Road. The alignment would proceed east along the
south side of Riego Road for about 2.4 miles, then
turn south along the west side of East Levee Road for
about 3.5 miles to intercept SMUD's existing Elverta-
Natomas transmission line south of the Elverta
Substation.
ES.5.2.2Segment 2A2 - North Side of Sutter
County Line
Segment 2A2 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 6.1 miles to the
Sacramento/Sutter County Line. The alignment would
proceed east along the north side of the county hne in
Sutter County for about 2.5 miles and then tum
south along the west side of East Levee Road for
about 2.3 miles to intercept SMLFD's existing
Elverta-Natomas transmission line south of Elverta
Substation.
ES.5.2.3Segment 2A3 - North Side of Elverta
Road
Segment 2A3 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 7.7 miles to West
Elverta Road. The alignment would proceed east on
the north side of Elverta Road for about 2.4 miles,
and then tum south for about 0.8 mile and east for
0.3 mile to the west side of East Levee Road to intercept
SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line
south of the Elverta Substation.
ES.5.2.4Segment 2A4 - North Side of
Elkhorn Boulevard
Segment 2A4 would proceed south along the east or
, west side of Highway 99 for about 9.8 miles to West
Elkhom Boulevard. The alignment would then
proceed east along the north side of Elkhom
Boulevard for about 2.8 miles to the west side of
East Levee Road, where it would intercept SMUD's
existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line about 2.2
miles south of the Elverta Substation.
ES.5.2.5Segment 2A5 - Community
Separator
Segment 2A5 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 7.1 miles to a
Community Separator' planned by the City of
Sacramento north of Elverta Road. The alignment
would proceed east along the Community Separator
for about 2.8 miles, and then tum south along the
west side of East Levee Road for about 1.2 miles to
intercept SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas
transmission line south of the Elverta Substation.
ES.5.2.6Segment 28 - Cross Canal to
Elverta Substation - Abandoned
Railroad Right-of-Way Alignment
Segment 2B would require new ROW, which would
follow the alignment of an abandoned railroad ROW
from the termination of Segment 1 and proceed
southeast to an area north of Rio Linda Boulevard.
From there, it would proceed southwest within an
existing transmission line ROW, around the west
side of the existing Elverta substation, and tie into
SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line
south of the Elverta Substation. Small areas near Rio
Linda Boulevard and Elverta Road also would require
new transmission line easements.
ES.5.2,7Segment 2C - Cross Canal to
Elverta Substation - Eastern
Alignment
Segment 2C consists of Segments 2Ci and 2C2.
Segment 2Ci would consist of constmcting about
9.4 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line from the termination of Segment
1 near Cross Canal to an area near the Elverta
Substation. Segment 2Ci would angle east from the
existing transmission line to avoid houses then cross
the line at about MP 0.5 to avoid the Pleasant Grove
Cemetery near Howsley Road. Segment 2Ci would
' The Community Separator is an open-space area used
for creating community form and image, and a sense of
place, which provides clear separation between
communities, defines the transition between urban and
rural uses, and provides gateways that define entrances to
a city. A greenbelt is proposed from the Sutter and
Sacramento County lines to approximately one mile south
of the county lines to separate Sutter County and
Sacramento City's Urban Reserve Area. The Urban
Reserve is the area outside of Sacramento City's Sphere of
Influence in which future development and extension of
municipal services are contemplated but not imminent.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-7
Executive Summary
then cross the existing transmission line at about MP
1.3 to avoid a farmer's house and cross back at about
MP 2.2 to avoid a bam near Fifield Road. Segment
2Ci would again cross the existing transmission line
at MP 3.0 to avoid structures and to use the existing
Cottonwood-Roseville ROW from MP 5.1 to 8.0.
The line would then continue south to tie into the
Elverta-Natomas transmission line near the Elverta
Substation. Small areas around Elverta Road would
require new transmission line easements.
Segment 2C2 would be constructed to reroute the
existing Cottonwood-Roseville 230-kV transmission
line to the east to provide sufficient ROW for
Segment 2Ci between MP 5.1 and 8.0. This reroute
would originate at Structure 143/3 and proceed east
with constmction of new 230-kV transmission line
for about 3.9 miles, then south for about 2.4 miles to
rejoin the existing Cottonwood-Roseville
transmission line between Stmctures 152/2 and
152/3. About 8.7 miles of existing Cottonwood-
Roseville line would be abandoned from Keys Road
to Sorento Road (Segment 2Ci MP 8.0) then
northeast to the termination of Segment 2C2.
Cottonwood-Roseville structures from Keys Road to
just north of Jackson Road and from Segment 2Ci
MP 8.0 to the termination of Segment 2C2 would be
left in place and the conductors would be removed.
Cottonwood-Roseville structures between MP 5.1
(Jackson Road) and Segment 2Ci MP 8.0 would be
removed to provide ROW for Segment 2Ci.
ES.5.3 Segment 3 - Elverta Substation
to Natomas Substation
Segment 3 would consist of rebuilding about
4.8 miles of existing double-circuit, 115-kV/230-kV
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas
transmission lines within an existing ROW between
Elverta and Natomas substations. The existing
transmission line structures and conductors would be
removed, prior to constructing the new structures and
conductors. Foundations would be removed
sufficiently below grade to allow for roadwork and
infrastructure projects to occur in the future.
ES.6 ALTERNATIVES
Each alternative is identified as the abbreviated
name of the Segment 2 option and includes the
corresponding Segment 2 option, as well as Segments
1 and 3. For example. Alternative A3 includes
Segments 1, 2A3, and 3. Table ES-1 shows
disturbances from each alternative, which were
summed from individual segment disturbances
presented in Appendix B. Alternatives Al, A2, A3,
A4, and A5 would have slightly different acreages of
disturbance depending on whether the alternatives
traverse the east or west side of SR 99; the higher
values are used in this SEIS and EIR.
ES.6.1 Alternative A1
Alternative Al includes Segments 1, 2A1, and 3. It
would construct about 33.8 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
162 structures and would require up to 52.7 acres of
access roads. The alternative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission line.
ES.6.2 Alternative A2
Alternative A2 includes Segments 1, 2A2, and 3. It
would construct about 33.7 miles of new double-circuit,
230-kV transmission line on about 162 structures and
would require up to 52.6 acres of access roads. The
alternative would rebuild about 4.8 miles of existing
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas transmission
line.
ES.6.3 Alternative A3
Alternative A3 includes Segments I, 2A3, and 3. It
would construct about 34.0 miles of new double-circuit,
230-kV transmission line on about 163 structures and
would require up to 53.1 acres of access roads. The
alternative would rebuild about 4.8 miles of existing
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas transmission
line.
ES.6.4 Alternative A4
Alternative A4 includes Segments I, 2A4, and 3. It
would construct about 35.4 miles of new double-circuit,
230-kV transmission line on about 170 structures and
would require up to 55.6 acres of access roads. The
alternative would rebuild about 4.8 miles of existing
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas transmission
line.
ES.6.5 Alternative A5
Alternative A5 includes Segments I, 2A5, and 3. It
would construct about 33.9 miles of new double-circuit,
230-kV transmission line on about 163 structures and
would require up to 52.9 acres of access roads. The
alternative would rebuild about 4.8 miles of existing
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas transmission
line.
ES-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Executive Summary
0
Table ES-1. Summary of New Disturbance for Each Alternative
Alternative
Description
Total
Miles
Total
ROW
Acres
New Structures®
Access Roads"
Pulling Sites®
Material Storage"
Total
Construction
Acres
Total
Long-term
Acres
Approximate
Number
Construction
Acres
Long-term
Acres
Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-term
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
A1-East'
33.6
509.1
161
37.1
1.6
28.8
52.4
52.4
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.3
54.0
A1-West'
33.8
512.1
162
37.3
1.6
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.3
A2-East®
33.5
507.6
161
37.0
1.6
28.7
52.2
52.2
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.0
53.8
A2-West'
33.7
510.6
162
37.2
1.6
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.6
54.2
A3-East®
33.8
512.1
162
37.3
1.6
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.4
A3-West'
34.0
515.1
163
37.5
1.6
29.2
53.1
53.1
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.4
54.7
A4-East®
35.2
533.3
169
38.9
1.7
30.4
55.3
55.3
12
4.8
2
10.0
108.9
56.9
A4-West'
35.4
536.3
170
39.1
1.7
30.6
55.6
55.6
13
5.2
2
10.0
109.9
57.3
A5-East®
33.7
510.6
162
37.2
1.6
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.6
54.2
A5-West'
33.9
513.6
163
37.4
1.6
29.1
52.9
52.9
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.1
54.5
B
31.3
474.2
150
34.6
1.5
26.5
48.2
48.2
11
4.4
2
10.0
97.1
49.7
C
37.6
569.7
180
41.5
1.8
23.4
42.5
42.5
13
5.2
2
10.0
99.3
44.4
No Action
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: Burleson 2007
^ Structure Assumptions
Assume a new structure every 1,100 feet
Assume 0.23 construction acre disturbances for eacti structure, based on a 100- by 100-foot construction area
Assume 0.01 long-term acre disturbances for each structure, based on a 10- by 10-foot structure footprint rounded up
" Access Road Assumptions
Assume no disturbance for Segment 3 access roads because they are in existing Right-of-Way (ROW)
Assume access roads parallel to transmission lines for Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, and 28
Assume 6.3 miles of new access road for 2C portion (9.4 miles Is along existing ROW)
Assume 15-foot width for access roads #
Assume road disturbance acres for long- and short-term = miles*5280*15'width\43,560
° Assume a pulling site every 3 miles and short-term disturbance of 0.4 acre per site
** Assume materials storage yard every 15 miles and short-term disturbance of 5 acres per site
° East alignment would parallel the east side of Highway 99
' West alignment would parallel the west side of Highway 99
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-9
Executive Summary
ES.6.6 Alternative B
Alternative B includes Segments 1, 2B, and 3. It
would construct about 31.3 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
150 structures and would require up to 48.2 acres of
access roads. The alternative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission line.
• Removal of about 4.8 miles of existing SMUD
230-kV/l 15-kV transmission line.
• Construction of temporary and permanent access
roads for removal of existing facilities,
construction of new facilities, and future
operation and maintenance of the proposed
Project
• Modifications within Western's existing
O'Banion Substation and SMUD's existing
Elverta and Natomas substations.
• Site restoration of areas disturbed temporarily by
construction activities.
ES.6.7 Alternative C
Alternative C includes Segments 1, 2C|, 2C2, and 3.
It would construct about 37.6 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
180 structures and would require up to 42.5 acres of
access roads. Alternative C would abandon about
8.6 miles of existing Cottonwood-Roseville
transmission line. The alternative would rebuild
about 4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and
Elverta-Natomas transmission line.
ES.6.8 No Action
The No Action Alternative would include operation
and maintenance of the existing transmission lines.
Western would not build any of the new
transmission line segments presented in
Section ES.5. Implementing this alternative would
preclude most short-term environmental impacts
associated with construction activities. This
alternative would not meet the proposed Project's
Purpose and Need. The No Action Alternative would
not alleviate the greater Sacramento Area power
system voltage stability, reliability, and security
problems. While Westem and interconnected
transmission system owners. Load Serving Entities,
and area utilities would continue to take appropriate
measures to manage power system reliability they
may be unable to meet system reliability standards
and contractual obligations under the No Action
Alternative.
ES.7 * PROJECT SCOPE OF WORK
The proposed Project Scope of Work would include:
• Excavation and construction of reinforced
concrete foundations and structure erection for
approximately 150 to 180 new monopole
structures.
• Installation of overhead conductor (wire) and
fiber optic cables supported on the proposed
structures.
ES.8 DIRECT AND INDIRECT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The proposed Project would consist of about 31 to
38 miles of new construction on new and existing
ROWs. The proposed Project would impact about
99 to 110 acres of land during construction and
permanently impact about 44 to 58 acres of land for
the operation and maintenance of the Project.
Westem and SMUD have adopted a proactive stance
by incorporating Environmental Protection Measures
(EPMs) into this SEIS/EIR and the proposed Project
to minimize the potential for significant impacts on
the environment (See Section 3.5 and Table 3.3).
The proposed EPMs are standards that can feasibly
be incorporated to reduce potential environmental
impacts.
A comparison of the impacts associated with each
altemative is presented in Table ES-2 and Table B-1
in Appendix B. After consideration of the proposed
Project EPMs, Westem has determined that except
for Altemative C, Segment 2C2 there is little
variation in impacts among alternatives. Altemative
C, Segment 2C2 would conflict with the City of
Roseville's visual resource policy and, therefore,
result in a significant impact on visual resources
The proposed Project altematives would similarly
impact air resources, biological resources, land use,
water resources, and wetlands during constmction
and permanently impact biological resources, land
use, visual resources, and wetlands. The direct and
indirect impact to these resources would be less than
significant for each altemative except Altemative C,
as noted above.
In addition to the proposed EPMs, mitigation
measures may be proposed during the public
comment period to further reduce potential impacts.
ES-10
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summat7 of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Air Quality
Air emission
standards^
Short-term construction
and maintenance
emissions exceed
PM10, NO,, or VOC Air
District thresholds
Short-term NO, emissions would exceed district thresholds®
No
Biological Resources'"''^''^
Giant Garter Snake
Habitat
Effects on giant garter
snakes in rice field
complexes, freshwater
emergent wetlands,
and water bodies
ROW would
cross
270-283
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
261-275
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
281-292
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
272-277
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
280-297
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross 163
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross 236
acres of rice
fields
No
Vernal Pool Habitat
Effects on vernal pool
habitat
ROW would
cross
4.0 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
4.0 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
9.2 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
3.4 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
3.7 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
11.1 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
11.8 acres of
vernal pools
No
Designated critical
habitat for Central
Valley Steelhead
and/or Chinook Salmon
Effects on Central
Valley Steelhead
and/or Chinook Salmon
Potential effects on Central Valley Steelhead and Chinook Salmon
No
Sensitive species
Permanent loss of
habitat for sensitive
species
Sensitive species habitat would be permanently removed
No
Cultural Resources®
Prehistoric cultural
resources, historic
cultural resources, and
TCPs
Impacts to eligible
cultural resources or
TCPs
No®
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-11
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Electric and Magnetic Fields'^
Corona, field, and
health effect
Exposure to BMP
No'
NA
Environmental Justice"^
Low-income, minority,
or subsistence
populations in the
project area are
disproportionately
affected
Disproportionate
adverse impacts
No'
No
Floodplains'^'
Obstructs, decreased
capacity to convey flows,
destabilization of soils,
alter or impair ability of
floodplains to convey
flows
Increased susceptibility
to flooding
No'''
No
Geology*^
Subsidence, landslides,
or seismic hazards
Erosion, subsidence,
landslides, and seismic
hazards
No'
No
Health and Safety*^
Hazardous materials/
waste, electrical
hazards, and fall
hazards
Mishandling hazardous
materials, waste,
herbicides, electrical
contact, and worker •
falls
No'
No
ES-12
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Land Use*^
Proximity of new ROW
of transmission lines to
residences, loss of prime
farmland, effects on
recreation and open
space, and impacts to
traffic patterns during
construction
Disturbances from
construction or
operation
Short-term construction impacts'^
No
Conflict with approved
and/or adopted land use
plans
Loss of prime and
unique farmland
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
26 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
22 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
32 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
35 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
30 acres of
prime
farmiand
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
18 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
22 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No
Nolse*^
Noise average day-
night noise levels (Ldn)
Noise from construction
and operation
No'=
No
Paleontological Resources'^
Destruction of
significant fossils
Loss of, or
inaccessibility to,
scientifically important
paleontological
resources
No'
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-13
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Socioeconomics'^
Displace existing
residences or
businesses or
physically divide a
community
Degradation or over¬
commitment of existing
goods and services to
an extent that would limit
the sustainability of
existing communities
Short-term effects:
Disrupting businesses
and affecting income
and employment
Short-term increased employment in the study area
No
Long-term effects:
Loss of farmland and
planned development
Loss of up to
26 acres
farmland and
202 acres of
development
Loss of up to
27 acres
farmland and
206 acres of
development
Loss of up to
32 acres
farmland and
205 acres of
development
Loss of up to
35 acres
farmland and
224 acres of
development
Loss of up to
30 acres
farmland and
202 acres of
development
Loss of up to
18 acres
farmland and
78 acres of
development
Loss of up to
22 acres
farmland and
99 acres of
development
Soils'^
Erosion, improper
drainage, high water
erodibility, steep
slopes, and compaction
Loss of top soil, steep
slopes, and increase in
soil compaction.
No'
No
T raffic"^
Increase traffic load
and capacity of street
system, change of
traffic patterns, conflict
with alternative
transportation
programs, cause traffic
delays, and cause
physical harm to roads
that is not repaired.
Short-term effects:
Traffic delays during
construction
No significant long-term
effects *
If construction of Segments 2A1 to 2A5 is on the east side, the alignment
would cross Highway 99 once near Catlett Road. If construction of these
segments is on the west side, the alignment would cross Highway 99 three
times; once at Catlett Road, Cross Canal, and the point corresponding with
the eastward selection'
No'
No'
No
ES-14
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summatv of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Visual Resources''
Altering existing
landscapes, effects to
areas of high visual
quality or scenic
landscapes, and
consistency with local
and county general
plans
Long-term effects:
Transmission lines
constructed along areas
with no scenic views or
adjacent to existing
lines
No"
No"
No"
No"
No"
No"
Alternative C,
Segment 2C2
would conflict
with the City
of Roseville's
visual
resource
policy and
result in
significant
indirect and
cumulative
impacts.
No
Water Resources"'®
Erosion, compaction,
and sedimentation or
blockage of drainage;
introduction of debris,
fill, or contamination
into surface water or
groundwater; damage
to irrigation
improvements; and
depletion of water
resources
Sedimentation from
construction
disturbance, blocked
drainage, contaminants
reaching surface water
or groundwater,
damage to irrigation
improvements, and
depleted water
resources.
Western would obtain permits to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations, and the
statewide Construction Storm Water General NPDES Permit, and other applicable permit requirements."'®
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
ES-15
Executive Summary
Table ES-2. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Wetlands"'^'®
Degradation of
biological values and
wetland functions from
excavation, fill,
disturbance, or
sedimentation; and
increased access by
humans or invasive
species
Short-term effects from
construction within
wetlands
Long-term effects from
structures sited in
wetlands, vernal pools,
and other Waters of
the United States
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas'''®
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
6 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
10 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
7 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
No
Source: Burleson 2007
° Western would Implement EPMs in accordance wltti air district requirements to minimize impacts.
Western would coordinate with USFWS as part of their Section 7 consultation and CDFG.
" Western would adhere to EPMs to minimize impacts.
'' Western would coordinate removal of elderberry bushes with USFWS.
® The proposed Project would span surface water and riparian habitat and avoid wetlands; however, if they could not be spanned or avoided, Western would coordinate with USAGE, RWQCB, NOAA Fisheries, and USFWS.
' Construction in floodplains may require Western to coordinate with USAGE, RWQGB, and/or the Galifomia Reclamation Board.
GDFG = Gaiifornia Department of Fish and Game
EPM = Environmental Protection Measure
NA = Not Applicable
NO, = Nitrogen oxides
PMio = Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter
ROD = Record of Decision
ROW = Right-of-Way
RWQGB = Regional Water Quality Control Board
TCP = Traditional cultural property
USAGE = U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
VOG = volatile organic compounds
Western = Western Area Power Administration
ES-16
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Executive Summary
If the proposed mitigation measures are determined
by Western to be feasible, these measures would be
included in the Final SEIS/EIR and would become
part of the proposed Project.
Western would also consult with Federal, state and
local agencies to review the proposed Project's
impact on sensitive habitat prior to beginning
construction activities. Agencies may require
additional mitigation to reduce potential impacts
even further. These mitigation measures will also
become part of the proposed Project as required by
each agency.
ES.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Cumulative impacts result from the incremental
effect of the proposed Project when added to other
past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future
actions. Requirements for addressing cumulative
impacts are to gather and analyze enough data to
make a reasoned decision concerning these impacts.
Westem and SMUD examined actions that may have
potential environmental impacts on the same
resources affected by this proposed Project and other
projects in the study area. A list of reasonably
foreseeable projects is presented in Chapter 5.
Reasonably foreseeable future projects in the study
area include commercial and residential
developments that would result in a substantial
conversion of farmland and sensitive areas to urban
uses.
Western has determined that except for Alternative
C, Segment ICi there is little variation in cumulative
impacts among alternatives. Cumulative impacts
would vary little among alternatives, except
Alternative C and are most prominent for air,
biological, land use, water, and wetland resources
because they are already stressed in the study area.
Implementation of the proposed Project EPMs and
mitigation measures provided by Federal, state, and
local agencies would reduce cumulative impacts to
less than significant. Alternative C, Segment ICz
would have a cumulative significant impact on
visual resources because of its direct and indirect
effects as it would conflict with the City of
Roseville's visual resource policy.
ES.10 MITIGATION MONITORING
REPORT PLAN
EPMs and mitigation measures would be used to
lessen or avoid the effect of the proposed Project on
the environment. These EPMs and any additional
mitigation measures developed in consultation with
Tribes or agencies with jurisdiction or feasible
measures identified through public comment would
be included in the Project Mitigation Monitoring
Report Plan (see Appendix E) to ensure EPMs and
mitigation measures are implemented.
ES.11 GROWTH INDUCEMENT
The proposed Project would not remove obstacles to
growth. SMUD does not have land use authority.
These decisions are made by local city and county
jurisdictions regardless of the presence or absence of
electrical infrastructure. Both SMUD and Roseville
are required by law to provide electric service.
Therefore, local jurisdictions, property owners, and
developers assume that electric service would be
provided regardless of where the development
occurs.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ES-17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ES-1
ES. 1 BACKGROUND ES-1
ES.2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION ES-1
ES.3 PROPOSED PROJECT ES-2
ES.4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ES-2
ES.5 ROUTE SEGMENT DESCRIPTIONS ES-3
ES.5.1 Segment I - O'Banion Substation to Cross Canal ES-3
ES.5.2 Segment 2 - Cross Canal to South of Elverta Substation ES-3
ES.5.2.1 Segment 2A1 - South Side of Riego Road ES-7
ES.5.2.2 Segment 2A2 - North Side of Sutter County Line ES-7
ES.5.2.3 Segment 2A3 -North Side of Elverta Road ES-7
ES.5.2.4 Segment 2A4 -North Side of Elkhom Boulevard ES-7
ES.5.2.5 Segment 2A5 - Community Separator ES-7
ES.5.2.6 Segment 2B - Cross Canal to Elverta Substation - Abandoned Railroad
Right-of-Way Alignment ES-7
ES.5.2.7 Segment 2C - Cross Canal to Elverta Substation - Eastern Alignment ES-7
ES.5.3 Segment 3 - Elverta Substation to Natomas Substation ES-8
ES.6 ALTERNATIVES ES-8
ES.6.1 AltemativeAI ES-8
ES.6.2 Alternative A2 ES-8
ES.6.3 Alternative A3 ES-8
ES.6.4 Alternative A4 ES-8
ES.6.5 Altemative A5 ES-8
ES.6.6 Altemative B ES-10
ES.6.7 Altemative C ES-IO
ES.6.8 No Action ES-IO
ES.7 PROJECT SCOPE OF WORK ES-10
ES.8 DIRECT AND INDIRECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ES-IO
ES.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ES-I7
ES. 10 MITIGATION MONITORING REPORT PLAN ES-17
ES. 11 GROWTH INDUCEMENT ES-17
Acronyms xl
Units Of Measure xiv
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1-1
1.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 1-2
CHAPTER 2 Purpose and Need 2-1
2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT 2-1
CHAPTER 3 Alternatives ^ 3-1
3.1 PROPOSED PROJECT 3-1
3.2 ROUTE SEGMENT DESCRIPTIONS 3-1
3.2.1 Segment 1 - O'Banion Substation to Cross Canal 3-14
3.2.2 Segment 2 - Cross Canal to South of Elverta Substation 3-14
3.2.2.1 Segment 2A1 - South Side of Riego Road 3-14
3.2.2.2 Segment 2A2 - North Side of Sutter County Line 3-14
3.2.2.3 Segment 2A3 - North Side of Elverta Road 3-14
3.2.2.4 Segment 2A4 -North Side of Elkhom Boulevard 3-14
3.2.2.5 Segment 2A5 - Community Separator 3-15
3.2.2.6 Segment 2B - Cross Canal to Elverta Substation - Abandoned Railroad
Right-of-Way Alignment .3-15
3.2.2.7 Segment 2C - Cross Canal to Elverta Substation - Eastem Alignment 3-15
3.2.3 Segment 3 - Elverta Substation to Natomas Substation 3-15
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draff SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Reg/on i
Table of Contents
3.3 ALTERNATIVES 3-15
3.3.1 Alternative A1 3-17
3.3.2 Alternative A2 3-17
3.3.3 Alternative A3 3-17
3.3.4 Alternative A4 3-17
3.3.5 Alternative 3-17
3.3.6 Alternative B 3-17
3.3.7 Alternative C 3-17
3.3.8 No Action 3-17
3.3.9 Alternatives Eliminated from Detailed Review 3-17
3.4 PROJECT ACTIVITIES 3-17
3.4.1 Design 3-18
3.4.2 Right-of-Way Requirements 3-18
3.4.3 Engineering Surveys 3-18
3.4.4 Detailed Siting 3-18
3.4.5 Material Storage Yards 3-18
3.4.6 Access Roads 3-18
3.4.7 Circuit Outage 3-20
3.4.8 Dismantling of Lines Associated with Reconstruction 3-20
3.4.9 Excavation and Foundation Construction 3-20
3.4.10 Structures 3 -20
3.4.11 Conductor Stringing 3-20
3.4.12 Equipment Additions in Substations 3-22
3.4.13 Abandonment 3 -22
3.4.14 Cleanup and Reclamation 3-22
3.4.15 Operation and Maintenance 3-22
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES 3-22
3.6 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES 3-30
CHAPTER 4 Affected Environment And Environmental Consequences 4-1
4.1 AIR QUALITY 4-2
4.1.1 Affected Environment 4-2
4.1.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-5
4.1.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-5
4.1.1.3 Characterization 4-5
4.1.2 Environmental Consequences 4-5
4.1.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-5
4.1.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-5
4.1.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-8
4.1.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-11
4.1.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-11
4.1.2.6 Impacts Summary 4-11
4.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES .* 4-12
4.2.1 AlTected Environment 4-12
• 4.2.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-12
4.2.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-12
4.2.1.3 Characterization 4-13
4.2.1.4 Segment 1 4-15
4.2.1.5 Segment 2A 4-16
4.2.1.6 Segment 2B 4-17
4.2.1.7 Segment 2C 4-17
4.2.1.8 Segment 3 4-18
4.2.2 Environmental Consequences 4-19
4.2.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-19
4.2.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-19
4.2.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-23
4.2.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-26
4.2.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-26
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Table of Contents
4.2.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-27
4.3 CULTURAL RESOURCES 4-27
4.3.1 Affected Environment 4-27
4.3.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-27
4.3.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-27
4.3.1.3 Characterization 4-28
4.3.2 Environmental Consequences 4-30
4.3.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-31
4.3.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-31
4.3.2.3 Impacts From Alternatives 4-31
4.3.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-32
4.3.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-32
4.3.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-32
4.4 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 4-32
4.4.1 Affected Environment 4-32
4.4.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-32
4.4.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-33
4.4.1.3 Characterization 4-35
4.4.2 Environmental Consequences 4-35
4.4.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-35
4.4.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-35
4.4.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-36
4.4.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-39
4.4.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-39
4.4.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-40
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE 4-40
4.5.1 Affected Environment 4-40
4.5.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-40
4.5.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-40
4.5.1.3 Characterization 4-40
4.5.2 Environmental Consequences 4-41
4.5.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-41
4.5.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-41
4.5.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-43
4.5.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-45
4.5.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-45
4.5.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-45
4.6 FLOODPLAINS 4-45
4.6.1 Affected Environment 4-45
4.6.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-45
4.6.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-45
4.6.1.3 Characterization 4-45
4.6.2 Environmental Consequences 4-46
4.6.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-46
4.6.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures .?. 4-46
4.6.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-48
4.6.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-48
4.6.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-49
4.6.2.6 Impacts Summary 4-49
4.7 GEOLOGY 4-49
4.7.1 Affected Environment - 4-49
4.7.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-49
4.7.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-49
4.7.1.3 Characterization 4-49
4.7.2 Environmental Consequences 4-53
4.7.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-53
4.7.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-53
4.7.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-53
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Siena Nevada Region iii
Table of Contents
4.7.2.4 Cumulative Impacts 4-53
4.7.2.5 Summary of Impacts 4-53
4.8 HEALTH AND SAFETY 4-53
4.8.1 Affected Environment 4-53
4.8.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-53
4.8.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-53
4.8.1.3 Characterization 4-54
4.8.2 Environmental Consequences 4-54
4.8.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-54
4.8.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-54
4.8.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-54
4.8.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-55
4.8.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-55
4.8.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-55
4.9 LAND USE 4-55
4.9.1 Affected Environment 4-55
4.9.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-55
4.9.1.2 Issues of Envirorunental Concern 4-55
4.9.1.3 Characterization 4-55
4.9.2 Environmental Consequences 4-56
4.9.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-56
4.9.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-56
4.9.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-57
4.9.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-72
4.9.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-72
4.9.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-73
4.10 NOISE 4-73
4.10.1 Affected Environment 4-73
4.10.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-73
4.10.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-73
4.10.1.3 Characterization 4-73
4.10.2 Environmental Consequences 4-74
4.10.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-74
4.10.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-74
4.10.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-75
4.10.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-76
4.10.2.5 Cumulative Impaets 4-76
4.10.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-77
4.11 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES 4-77
4.11.1 Affected Environment 4-77
4.11.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-77
4.11.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern ^ 4-77
4.11.1.3 Characterization 4-77
4.11.2 Environmental Consequences 4-78
• 4.11.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-78
4.11.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-78
4.11.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-78
4.11.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-79
4.11.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-79
4.11.2 .6 Summary of Impacts 4-79
4.12 SOCIOECONOMICS 4-79
4.12.1 Affected Environment 4-79
4.12.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-79
4.12.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-79
4.12.1.3 Characterization 4-79
4.12.2 Environmental Consequences 4-81
4.12.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-81
4.12.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-81
iv
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Table of Contents
4.12.2.3 Impacts from The Alternatives 4-81
4.12.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-82
4.12.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-82
4.12.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-82
4.13 SOILS 4-82
4.13.1 Affected Environment 4-82
4.13.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-82
4.13.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-82
4.13.1.3 Characterization 4-83
4.13.2 Environmental Consequences 4-84
4.13.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-84
4.13.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-84
4.13.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-85
4.13.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-85
4.13.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-86
4.13.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-86
4.14 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 4-86
4.14.1 Affected Environment 4-86
4.14.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-86
4.14.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-86
4.14.1.3 Characterization 4-86
4.14.2 Environmental Consequences 4-89
4.14.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-89
4.14.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-89
4.14.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-89
4.14.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-92
4.14.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-92
4.14.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-92
4.15 VISUAL RESOURCES 4-92
4.15.1 Affected Environment 4-92
4.15.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-92
4.15.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-93
4.15.1.3 Characterization 4-93
4.15.2 Environmental Consequences 4-99
4.15.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-99
4.15.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-99
4.15.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-99
4.15.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-100
4.15.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-100
4.15.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-100
4.16 WATER RESOURCES 4-100
4.16.1 Affected Environment 4-100
4.16.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-101
4.16.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-101
4.16.1.3 Characterization * 4-101
4.16.2 Environmental Consequences 4-104
4.16.2.1 Standards of Significance 4-104
4.16.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-104
4.16.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-105
4.16.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-105
4.16.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-106
4.16.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-106
4.17 WETLANDS 4-106
4.17.1 Affected Environment 4-106
4.17.1.1 Resource Study Area 4-109
4.17.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern 4-109
4.17.1.3 Characterization 4-109
4.17.2 Environmental Consequences 4-111
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region v
Table of Contents
4.17.2.1 Standards of S ignificance 4-111
4.17.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures 4-111
4.17.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives 4-112
4.17.2.4 Impacts from the No Action Alternative 4-114
4.17.2.5 Cumulative Impacts 4-114
4.17.2.6 Summary of Impacts 4-114
4.18 PUBLIC SERVICES 4-114
4.19 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS 4-114
4.20 SHORT-TERM USES VERSUS LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY 4-114
4.21 IRREVERSIBLE/IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES 4-115
4.22 GROWTH INDUCEMENT 4-115
4.22.1 Project Growth Inducement 4-115
4.22.2 No Action Growth Inducement 4-116
4.23 INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTIVE ACTS 4-116
CHAPTER 5 Projects Considered For Cumulative Impact Analysis 5-1
5.1 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION (BASED ON LIST OF PROJECTS) 5-1
5.1.1 Past Projects 5-1
5.1.2 Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects 5-1
5.1.3 Cumulative Impact Analysis 5-1
CHAPTER 6 Consultation and Coordination 6-1
6.1 FEDERAL 6-1
6.2 TRIBAL 6-1
6.3 STATE 6-1
6.4 CITIES AND COUNTIES 6-1
6.5 OTHER 6-1
CHAPTER 7 List Of Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals Receiving the Sacramento
Area Voltage Support Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and
Environmental Impact Report 7-1
CHAPTER 8 List Of Preparers 8-1
CHAPTER 9 References 9-1
9.1 GENERAL 9-1
9.2 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS 9-7
9.3 U.S. CODE 9-8
9.4 FEDERAL REGISTER AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS 9-9
9.5 STATE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 9-9
9.6 CITY AND COUNTY ORDERS, REGULATIONS, AND GENERAL PLANS 9-9
APPENDICES
A ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT • A-1
B CALCULATIONS OF DISTURBANCES FOR EACH SEGMENT AND ALTERNATIVE B-1
C , AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES C-1
D BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES D-I
E MITIGATION MONITORING REPORT PLAN/MITIGATION ACTION PLAN E-1
GLOSSARY GI-1
INDEX IN-1
LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1 Summary of New Disturbance for Each Alternative ES-9
Table ES-2 Summary of Alternative Impacts ES-11
Table. 3-1 Summary of New Disturbance for Each Alternative 3-16
Table 3-2 Typical Assumptions for Persormel and Equipment Required 3-19
Table 3-3 Environmental Protection Measures 3-23
Table 3-4 Summary of Alternative Impacts 3-31
vi Saaamento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Table of Contents
Table 4.1-1 Relevant Federal and California Ambient Air Quality Standards 4-3
Table 4.1-2 Sacramento Area Voltage Support Air District Status 4-4
Table 4.1-3 Summary of Local Ozone Data 4-7
Table 4.1-4 Summary of Local PMIO Data 4-8
Table 4.1-5 Proposed Construction Sequencing for Emission Calculations 4-9
Table 4.1-6 Daily Emission Comparison 4-10
Table 4.1-7 Monthly and Total Project Emissions 4-10
Table 4.2-1 Acres of Sensitive Habitat and Area of Disturbances Associated with Project Routes 4-24
Table 4.2-2 Sensitive Habitats and Supported Special-Status Species 4-25
Table 4.3-1 Pedestrian Archaeological Survey Coverage 4-29
Table 4.4-1 Magnetic Fields from Household Appliance Surfaces 4-35
Table 4.5-1 Study Area Minority Population Profile by Census Block 4-41
Table 4.5-2 Study Area Low-Income Population Profile by Census Block 4-43
Table 4.9-1 Land Use Designations 4-58
Table 4.9-2 Existing and Proposed Specific Plans, Developments, and Sensitive Areas 4-60
Table 4.9-3 California Department of Conservation Farmland Categories 4-64
Table 4.9-4 Segment Information Including Land Use, Zoning, Farmland, and Land Use Plans 4-66
Table 4.10-1 Sound Levels for Some Typical Outdoor Noise Sources 4-74
Table 4.10-2 Sound Levels from Typical Construction Equipment 4-75
Table 4.10-3 Sound Levels fi"om Typical Construction Activities 4-76
Table 4.11-1 Paleontological Deposits of Concern 4-78
Table 4.12-1 Study Area Housing Characteristics 4-80
Table 4.12-2 Study Area Employment Characteristics 4-80
Table 4.12-3 Study Area Economic Characteristics 4-80
Table 4.13-1 Soils in Sutter County 4-83
Table 4.13-2 Soils in Sacramento County 4-83
Table 4.13-3 Soils in Placer County 4-84
Table 4.14-1 Level of Service Criteria 4-89
Table 4.14-2 Traffic Volume and Level of Service 4-90
Table 4.14-3 Maximum Daily Construction Traffic 4-91
Table 4.16-1 Water Crossings 4-103
Table 4.17-1 Wetland Types 4-109
Table 4.17-2 Summary of Wetlands 4-110
Table 4.17-3 Summary of Wetland Impacts by Alternative 4-112
Table 5-1 Concurrent Projects within Project Area 5-2
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES-1 General Layout of Alternatives ES-4
Figure ES-2 Route Segment Map ES-5
Figure 1.1-1 Conceptual Electrical Schematic 1-2
Figure 1.1-2 Diagram of a Typical Electric Power System 1-4
Figure 3.1-1 Conceptual Electrical Schematic 3-1
Figure 3.1-2 General Layout of Alternatives 3-2
Figure 3.1-3 Route Segment Map 3-3
Figure 3.1-4 Segment 1 3-5
Figure 3.1-5 Segment2Al 3-6
Figure 3.1-6 Segment 2A2 3-7
Figure 3.1-7 Segment 2A3 3-8
Figure 3.1-8 Segment 2A4 3-9
Figure 3.1-9 Segment2A5 3-10
Figure 3.1-10 Segment2B 3-11
Figure 3.1-11 Segment 2C1 and 2C2 3-12
Sacramento Area VoKage Supfmrt Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • S/erra Nevada Region vii
Table of Contents
Figure 3.1-12 Segment 3 3-13
Figure 3.1-13 230-kV Steel Pole Transmission Structure 3-21
Figure 4.1-1 Air Quality Districts 4-6
Figure 4.5-1 Minority Population Distribution 4-42
Figure 4.5-2 Low-Income Population Distribution 4-44
Figure 4.6-1 Floodplains Along All Segments 4-47
Figure 4.7-1 Geology Along All Segments 4-51
Figure 4.9-1 Land Use Designations 4-59
Figure 4.9-2 Zoning 4-63
Figure 4.9-3 Existing Proposed Plans, Developments, and Sensitive Areas 4-65
Figure 4.9-4 Prime and Unique Farmland 4-70
Figure 4.9-5 Williamson Act Farmland 4-71
Figure 4.15-1 Photo Log 4-94
Figure 4.15-2 Photographs Along Alternatives Al, A2, and A3 4-95
Figure 4.15-3 Photographs Along Alternatives A4 and A5 4-96
Figure 4.15-4 Photographs Along Alternative B 4-97
Figure 4.15-5 Photographs Along Alternative C 4-98
Figure 4.17-1 Wetlands/Riparian Crossings Along Segment 1 4-107
Figure 4.17-2 Wetlands/Riparian Crossings Along Segments 2A1,2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5,2B,
2Cl,2C2,and3 4-108
viii
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power AdministraSon • Sierra Nevada Region
ACRONYMS
AAQS Ambient Air Quality Standards
AIRFA American Indian Religious Freedom Act
AM amplitude modulation
APE Area of Potential Effects
ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act
CalTrans California Department of Transportation
CAA Clean Air Act
CAAQS Califomia Ambient Air Quality Standards
CARB Califomia Air Resources Board
CDC California Department of Conservation
CDFG California Department of Fish and Game
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database
CNPS California Native Plant Society
CO carbon monoxide
CPUC Califomia Public Utilities Commission
CVP Central Valley Project
CWA Clean Water Act
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DIIS Califomia Department of Health Services
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
DWR California Department of Water Resources
EDD Califomia Employment Development Department
EFH Essential Fish I labitat
EIR Environmental Impact Report
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EJ Environmental Justice
ELF extremely-low-frequency
EMF electric and magnetic field
EO Executive Order
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPM Environmental Protection Measure
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
ESA Endangered Species Act
ESU Evolutionary Significant Unit
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency ^
FM frequency modulation
FMMP Farmland Monitoring and Mapping Program
FR Federal Register
FRAQMD Feather River Air Quality Management District
GIS geographic infonnation system
GSA Greater Sacratnento Area
HCP I labitat Conservation Plan
ICNIRP Intemational Cornmission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
LOS Level of Service
MAP Mitigation Action Plan
MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity
MMRP Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
ix
Acronyms
MP milepost
MSA Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act
NA not available/not applicable
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAHC Native American Heritage Commission
NBHCP Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NERC North American Electric Reliability Council
NESC National Electric Safety Code
NHPA National Historic Preservation Act
NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
NOA notice of availability
NOx nitrogen oxides
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRHP National Register of Historic Places
NRPB National Radiological Protection Board
O3 ozone
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PCAPCD Placer County Air Pollution Control District
PCCP Placer County Conservation Plan
PGA peak ground acceleration
PRC Public Resources Code
PSMM Power System Maintenance Manual
PSOM Power System Operations Manual
PSSM Power System Safety Manual
Qb Floodbasin deposits
Qr River deposits
QTc Continental deposits
RAPID Research and Public Information Dissemination
Reclamation U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
ROD record of decision
ROG reactive organic gas
Roseville City ofRoseville
ROW right-of-way
RT Sacramento Regional Transit
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
SEIS Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement •
SHPO State Historic Preservation Office
SIP ♦ State Implementation Plan
SMAQMD Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District
SMUD Sacramento Municipal Utility District
SNR Sierra Nevada Region/Sierra Nevada Regional Office
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SR State Route
SVP Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
SYS Sacramento Area Voltage Support
SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
TCP traditional cultural property
TNBC The Natomas Basin Conservancy
U.S United States
X Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Acronyms
U.S.C United States Code
UBC Uniform Building Code
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VOC volatile organic compound
WECC Western Electricity Coordination Council
WesternAVAPA Western Area Power Administration
WRSP West Roseville Specific Plan
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration * Sierra Nevada Region
XI
UNITS OF MEASURE
% percent
°F Fahrenheit
pg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter
pT microteslas
cm centimeters
cm/sec centimeters per second
dB decibel
dBA decibel, A-weighted sound levels
G gauss
GHz gigahertz
kV kilovolt
lb/day pounds per day
Ldn average day to night noise level
Leq(24) 24-hour average noise
m meter
mG miligauss
PMio particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns in diameter
PM2.5 particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 microns in diameter
ppb parts per billion
ppm parts per million
V volt
V/C volume to capacity
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
xii
wKSWV-',• >5 {f'.'-.iV-' -i,''-iv • ■■•■-• • Y'i''' ''
A.-i. ''-tr •' !" ■ •'• ; ••. ';
W.:
Supplying Energy
, Preserving Reliability
Cb^ptefl- Introduction
z:
:x
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Western Area Power Administration (Western)
delivers reliable, cost-based bydroelectric power and
related services within the central and western
United States (U.S.). Western is one of four power
marketing administrations within the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), whose role is to
market and transmit electricity from multi-use
Federal water projects. Western markets energy
from power plants operated by the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation (Reclamation), U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USAGE), and the International Bormdary
and Water Commission.
Western's service area covers 1.3 million square
miles, and its wholesale power customers provide
service to millions of consumers in 15 western
states. Western operates and maintains about
17,000 miles of transmission lines from its four
regional offices. The greater Sacramento, Califomia,
area is within Western's Sierra Nevada
Region (SNR).
SNR maintains and operates numerous substations
and more than 1,200 miles of transmission lines.
These transmission lines are interconnected to other
greater Sacramento-area utility transmission lines,
including those owned and operated by the
Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). By
law, Westem markets power that is in excess of
Federal project requirements to preference
customers, such as Federal and state agencies.
Native American Tribes, electric cooperatives,
municipal utilities, public utility districts, irrigation
districts, and water districts. Westem sells wholesale
electricity to more than 70 customers in central and
northem Califomia and Nevada from the Central
Valley Project (CYP) and the Washoe Project.
• SMUD is one of the greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners, a Load Serving Entity,
and an area electric utility that serves approximately
565,000 electric customers in Sacramento County
and small portions of Placer and Yolo cormties.
SMUD is the "Balancing Authority" for some of the
greater Sacramento-area utilities and transmission
system owners including Westem and the City of
Roseville (Roseville). Roseville, a municipal utility,
is also a Load Serving Entity and electric utility that
serves approximately 50,000 electric customers in
Placer County.
Westem, in collaboration with Sacramento-area
transmission system owners and utilities completed
transmission system studies in 2001-2002. The
studies identified a need for system enhancements in
the greater Sacramento-area that are needed to
maintain the Sacramento-area transmission system
and the interconnected Westem transmission system
voltage stability, security, and reliability. Westem
prepared a Draft Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) in November 2002 (Westem 2002a) and a
Final EIS in September 2003 (Westem 2003). A
Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on January
12,2004. The ROD was based upon the analysis in
the EIS. It concluded that if a project were to
proceed, it should follow the configuration of the
preferred altemative described in the Final EIS. This
altemative was identified as Altemative 2 Option B
and included the following:
1. Reconductoring the existing double circuit
230-kV transmission Une from Elverta
Substation to Tracy Substation.
2. Constmcting a new double-circuit 230-kV
transmission line from O'Banion Substation to
Elverta Substation.
3. Realignment of the transmission line near
Pleasant Grove Cemetery between O'Banion
Substation and Elverta Substation and Option B
of the Cottonwood-Roseville single circuit,
230-kV transmission line.
In 2005, SMUD and Roseville agreed to provide
funding and Westem decided to proceed with
additional environmental review of the project.
Since the completion of the original system studies,
the greater Sacramento-area transmission system has
gone through significant changes. These changes
include construction of new power plants,
cancellation or indefinite delay of proposed power
plants and increase in the amount of power imported
into the greater Sacramento area. The system studies
performed in 2006 and 2007 continue to show that
the existing transmission lines have reached their
maximum power transfer limits for serving the area's
energy needs. Transmission line additions and
upgrades are still necessary to maintain system
voltage stability, reliability, and security of the
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EtR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
1-1
Chapter 1: Introduction
greater Sacramento-area transmission system,
including Westem's interconnected transmission
system. Area utilities and Load Serving Entities have
taken interim measures to avoid potential uncontrolled
system-wide outages. However, these measures are
only temporary solutions. If used during summer peak
periods, these solutions can negatively impact the
reliability and security of the greater Sacramento-
area transmission system and Westem's
interconnected system. Based upon the results of
these studies Western and area transmission system
owners and utilities recommend adding transmission
system improvements. These improvements would
provide a higher level of voltage support, security,
and reliability than the preferred alternative
recommended in the FEIS. The proposed Project
consists of the following components and is shown
inFigxire 1.1-1:
1. Constmcting a new, double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line between O'Banion Substation
and the area just south of the Elverta Substation.
This transmission line would include a new
circuit from O'Banion Substation to Elverta
Substation and a new circuit from O'Banion
Substation to Natomas Substation.
2. Reconstmcting the existing double-circuit
230-kV/l 15-kV transmission line between
Elverta Substation and Natomas Substation into
a double-circuit 230-kV transmission line.
Existing Cirojfts Proposed Circuits
To
To
Sniti Bvena
3
e
u
I
To
w
*
1
G
1
To
To
Natomas Natomas
Figure 1.1-1
Conceptual Electrical Schematic
As a Federal agency, Westem has responsibility to
prepare this SVS Supplemental EIS (SEIS)
according to the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-4370, as amended) The
SEIS will analyze environmental impacts from the
construction and operation of the proposed Project.
The proposed Project includes transmission facilities
currently owned and operated by SMUD which
obtains its authority from the State of Califomia's
Municipal Utility District Act. As a project
participant, SMUD has responsibility under the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to
prepare an Environmental Impact Report (EIR).
While Westem is not subject to CEQA, Westem and
SMUD, with Roseville's participation, have
prepared this joint Supplemental SVS SEIS and EIR
as a stand-alone document to minimize the need for
extensive cross-referencing to the original EIS. Its
purpose is to analyze the environmental impacts
from constructing and operating the proposed
Project. Draft SEIS and EIR findings will provide
Westem and participating agencies with a basis for
making a decision on whether the proposed Project
shoxild proceed and if so, under which alternative.
Westem would implement appropriate solutions
under its Reclamation Law authority.
Westem has prepared this Draft SEIS in compliance
with Federal laws, regulations and guidelines and
SMUD has prepared this EIR in compliance with
state laws, regulations and guidelines. These include
NEPA, CEQA, the Council on Environmental
Quality (CEQ), Regulations for Implementing the
Procedural Provisions of NEPA (40 Code of Federal
Regulations [CFR] Parts 1500-1508), the DOE
NEPA Implementing Procedures (10 CFR Part
1021), and other applicable regulations.
1.2 PUBLICINVOLVEMENT •
Public involvement is a vital part of the
decision-making process for this Draft SEIS and EIR.
Westem and SMUD developed a public involvement
program to provide multiple opportunities for
comment during the Draft SEIS and EIR process of
public scoping, alternative formidation, alternative
evaluation, and decisionmaking. The program is
intended to guide Westem and SMUD through a
collaborative, systematic, decision-making process to
heighten public awareness and to encourage open
communication throughout the development of the
1-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 1: Introduction
The Electrical Power System
Electrical power systems consist of four primary elements: generation, transmission, distribution, and load.
Generators convert fuel (for example, water, natural gas, nuclear, wind, sun, or coal) into electricity. The
transmission system carries the electricity from generators to distribution systems, using high-voltage transmission
lines. Transmission systems comprise a complex network across several neighboring states, which allow
generators to serve loads hundreds of miles away. Distribution systems deliver electricity to retail customers.
The system load is the sum of all power-consuming devices (such as household appliances, lights, air
conditioners, industrial loads, etc.) plus system losses. Figure 1.1-2 illustrates a typical electric power system.
Voltage
Voltage is the force that causes charged particles to move. The operation of a transmission line is similar to the
flow of water through a hose. A generator develops voltage to put into the transmission line similar to the way a
water pump develops water pressure to put into the hose. Voltage, like water pressure, is a force. The transmission
line or hose serves as the conduit for delivery of the resource to the user. The size of the transmission line
conductor (wire) or the hose is the limiting factor in the deliveiy system, regardless of the force applied. The
length of the transmission line may also affect the amount of electricity that can flow through it. Electrical losses
in a transmission line occur because some of the electricity's energy escapes in the form of heat. Longer
transmission lines will generally have more losses. Likewise, the water pressure at the end of the garden hose
would be considerably less than the pressure directly at the faucet.
Load
Load is the amount of electric power delivered or required at any specified point or points on a system. Load
primarily originates at the energy-consuming equipment of the customers (for example, lights, heating and
cooling systems, and electrical devices).
Voltage Support
Voltage is influenced by load. As load increases, voltage tends to decrease. When load exceeds transmission
capacity, voltage stability and transmission system reliability are negatively impacted. Short-term voltage support
solutions include increasing existing generation output, installing capacitors, and adjusting transformer taps. As a
last resort, in order to avoid system-wide voltage collapse and to maintain transmission system reliability,
operators may be required to implement post contingency load shedding and/or rotating blackouts. However these
solutions provide limited voltage stability improvement and are not always available or preferred. In addition,
load shedding or rotating blackouts can have a significant negative impact on utility customers. Permanent
voltage stability generally requires transmission line additions or upgrades to the existing area transmission
system.
Transmission System Security and Reliability
Security refers to the ability of the electric system to withstand sudden disturbances, such as electric short circuits,
or unanticipated loss of system elements such as a substation. Reliability is the assessment of the frequency,
duration, and magnitude of interruptions for a given power system.
Balancing Authority ,
A Balancing Authority is responsible for balancing resources such as generation and energy imports with load
including operating reserves and managing the transmission system within the authority's boundaries in
accordance with strict reliability standards established by the North American Electric Reliability Council
(NERC) Reliability Standards and the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC). Balancing Authorities
exist throughout the nation's interconnected transmission system and they work cooperatively with each other.
SMUD is one of five Balancing Authorities in Califomia.
Load Serving Entity
A Load Serving Entity secures energy and transmission service and related Interconnection Operations Services
to serve the electrical demand and energy requirements of its end-use customers.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
1-3
Chapter 1: Introduction
(
V
Independent Power
Producer or
Investor-Owned
Dam and
Hydro Powerplant
Farm
Home
Business
and Industry
Figure 1.1-2. Diagram of a Typical Electric Power System
1-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 1: Introduction
Draft SEIS and EIR. The process was designed for
flexibility and responsiveness to the issues and needs
of the public. Western's customers, and public
agencies. Following is Western's anticipated
schedule:
Public Scoping
May 9-July 15, 2006
Public Scoping Meetings
June 5 and 7, 2006
Release of Draft SEIS and EIR
July 2007
Public Comment Forum
August 2007
Public Comment Period Closes
45 days from Notice of Availability of Draft SEIS and
EIR
Release of Final SEIS and EIR
Winter 2007/Spring 2008
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
1-5
CHAPTER 2
Purpose and Need
2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE
PROJECT
Western's transmission system is part of the
interconnected transmission system of the greater
Sacramento area. The transmission system involves
other transmission system owners, Load Serving
Entities, and utilities, including SMUD and
Roseville. Westem's system contributes to and is
affected by voltage stability, reliability, and security of
the greater Sacramento-area transmission system.
Western must meet its contractual obligations to
customers for delivering power generated from
Federal hydroelectric facilities.
Western regularly participates in transmission system
studies with other greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners, Load Serving Entities,
and utilities to address transmission system needs. In
2001 and 2002, these studies concluded that the
system's existing transmission lines were reaching
their maximum power transfer limits for serving the
area's existing energy needs; therefore, transmission
system additions and upgrades were necessary to
maintain required power system voltage stability,
reliability, and security. Without transmission
system additions and upgrades. North American
Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Reliability
violations could occur. Westem and the
interconnected transmission system owners, area
Load Serving Entities, and area utilities are required
to ensure that the system is operated in accordance
with strict reliability standards established by the
NERC and the Western Electricity Coordination
Council (WECC).
Since the completion of the original transmission
studies, the greater Sacramento-area transmission
system has gone through significant changes. These
changes include the construction of new power
plants, the cancellation or indefinite delay of
proposed power plants, and the increase in the
amount of power imported to the greater Sacramento
area. The transmission system studies performed in
2006 and 2007 continue to show that the existing
transmission lines in the greater Sacramento area
have reached their maximum power transfer limits for
serving the area's energy needs, particularly in the
northern portion of the greater Sacramento area. Load
Serving Entities and utilities in the area have taken
interim measures to avoid potential uncontrolled
system-wide outages. As a last resort, operators may
be required to implement post-contingency load
shedding and/or rotating blackouts. These measures
provide limited voltage stability improvement and
are not always available or preferred. In addition,
load shedding or rotating blackouts can have a
significant negative impact on utility customers.
Therefore, Westem, greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners. Load Serving Entities,
and utilities need transmission system additions and
upgrades to maintain Westem's, and the greater
Sacramento-area transmission system voltage
stability, reliability, and security in accordance with
NERC and WECC Planning/Operations Reliability
Standards and continue meeting Westem's
legislative and contractual requirements. The
resulting system additions and upgrades would also
provide additional power importing capabilities to
the greater Sacramento area.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
2-1
CHAPTER 3
Alternatives
This chapter describes the proposed Project and the
Project alternatives. It presents descriptions of
activities associated with each alternative, identifies
Environmental Protection Measures (EPM) and
provides an impact summary comparing the
altematives analyzed. A preferred alternative for the
proposed Project is luiknown at this time. Western
and SMUD will consider public comments to the
Draft SEIS and EIR to mike a decision on the
preferred altemative. The preferred alternative and
the environmentally preferred altemative will be
identified in the Final SEIS and EIR.
3.1
PROPOSED PROJECT
The following comprises Westem's proposed
Project:
1. Constmcting a new, double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line between O'Banion Substation
and the area just south of the Elverta Substation.
This transmission line would include a new
circuit from O'Banion Substation to Elverta
Substation and a new circuit from O'Banion
Substation to Natomas Substation.
2. Reconstmcting the existing double-circuit
230-kV/l 15-kV transmission line between
Elverta Substation and Natomas Substation into
a double-circuit 230-kV transmission line.
A conceptual electrical diagram is presented in
Figure 3.1-1.
Existing Circuits
To
Eiwom
Proposed Circuits
To
Elverta
lb
Natomaa
To
Natomas
Figure 3.1-1
Conceptual Electrical Schematic
3.2
ROUTE SEGMENT
DESCRIPTIONS
The proposed Project would be constructed using
three route segments. Figures 3.1-2 and 3.1-3
present the general layout of Route Segments 1,2,
and 3. Segments 1 and 3 are common to each
altemative. Segment 1 is identical to Segment Ai of
the previous EIS and ROD to the point where it ends
at Cross Canal, north of Howsley Road. Segment 3
encompasses the first 4.8 miles of Segment C from
the previous EIS and ROD, with the provision that
every structure would be replaced, as well as
conductors. Segment 3 would consist of two circuits
on a single transmission line in existing ROW.
Segment 2 has several route options, of which one
(Segment 2C) comprises the southem 5 miles of
Segment Ai and Segments B, F, G, H, I, and J from
the previous EIS and ROD (identified as Option B).
The remaining Segment 2 route options are newly
developed with this Draft SEIS and EIR.
This SVS SEIS and EIR analyzes Segments 1 and 3 for
air, biological, and cultural resources to satisfy
commitments made in the original ROD. A
comparative analysis of altematives will include
Segments 1 and 3 for each of the Segment 2 route
options. Segment 2C was previously analyzed for all
resources, but will be presented in this Draft SEIS and
EIR for coirq)arison of altematives for Segment 2.
Seven potential altemative alignments were
identified for Segment 2 that would connect
Segment 1 to Segment 3. Segment 2 would tie into
Segment 3 just south of Elverta Substation, with the
specific location depending on which altemative is
selected.
Figures 3.1-4 through 3.1-12 present*oute segments,
with each segment divided into approximate 1-mile
sections marked by numeric mileposts (MP), each
segment beginning with MP 0.0. Table B-1 in
Appendix B provides a summary of the segments
with constmction and long-term disturbances
associated with specific operations. Appendix C
contains aerial photographs of the line segments and
mileposts. Segments are described in the following
sections.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-1
Natomas
Existing 230-kV Alternative A1
Transmission
Line System
No Action
Existing 230-kV
Transmission line
Nev* Construction
Within Existing ROW
New Construction
Within New ROW
Abandonment
Substation
Alternative A2
2A5
Elverta
■ 3
■ ^
■
Natomas
Alternative AS
Notes:
- Colored segements correspond to route segments on Figure 3.1-3.
O'Banion
2A3
I Elverta
Natomas
Alternative
A3
■■ O'Banion
^ 1
2B
^■Elverta
I
3 ■
1
I
Natomas
O'Banion
1
r
2A4
Elverta
■
■ ^
Natomas
Alternative A4
•i O'Banion
r
2C
ip Elverta
■
■
1
1
1
3
Natomas
Alternative B
Alternative C
N
A
Figures not to Scale
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-2
General Layout of
Alternatives
Sutter^
Substation
O'Banion Rd
' O'Banion
Substation
Tudor Rd
Thompson Rd
Everglade Rd
PING SLOUGH
IVIarcuse Rd
Subacco Rd
'Sacramento Ave /~
Sutter
Varney Rd
Placer
'Catlett Rd
W/Catlett Rd
Howsley Rd
PIEASA tJT GPO^
Fifield.Rd
t)NNAM£/y
FIddyment
Substation
Jackson
rtpvC reek
Elverta Rd
W Elverta Rd
^Iverta'^
SubstatlonV
Elkhorn Blvd
W Elkhorn Blvd
Sacramento
^agpie^
Natomas/
Substation
ARCA0^CREEK
WEScem
Si^m Nevada
Raglon
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of statute.
Westem review required before public release.
Name/Org: Burleson Consulting Date; 04/23/2007
/
SVS Segment
This cartographic product and CIS data were prepared in accordance with
professiortal practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of this product is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Source: SNR, GDT, California Spatial Information Ubrary
Existing Transmission Line
Substation
Road
Railroad
V\fetercourse
CDFG Significant Area
County
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-3
Route Segment Map
1:140,000
0
Miles
Yuba
Placer
Sacramento
I
O'Banion
Substation
[! iObanion Rd
.State]Hwvai3
Tudor. Rd,
Tudor Rd
Thompson IRd
Brerajadel^
Marcuse Rd
Pelger Rd
Gypre^s Ave
■daurelFAve
■Subaco.RdV
Varney
,kha/77
Catlett Rd
W Catlett Rd
Howslev Rd
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-4
Segment 1
1:120.000
Sutter
Placer
Sacramentc
^ «>«mpt from public releaM under
freedom of Irrfcrmeton Act (5 U S C 552)
Exemptor 2 - Circumvention of stelutB
GiS Vtibstem review required before public release
Swrrw Nevada
Region Name/Org Burleaon Coneiiting Date 02/22/2007
Thie certograpMc product and GiS data wera preparad in accordance wth
ITofeeeionai practice atar>dv'de Oata ia only aa accurate aa its primary
eource and la apatally relatve-grada It ahoUd not replaca or be ueed m
place of aurvay data Refer to metadata for aource and accuracy
Thia map ar>d data are ^ property of WAPA/OOE and are intended for
plannirto and analyaia only No reproduction or copying of thie product ie
allowed without the eole coneent of \NAPA/DOE
Source SNR, GDI, Califomia Spatal Infonration Library
Segment 1
N
Segment 2Ci
—
Segment 2A1
Segment 2C2
—
Segment 2A2
•■■■ Segment 3
—•
Segment 2A3
Substation
—
Segment 2A4
Existing Transmission Line
—
Segment 2A5
Highway
V
Segment 2B
Road
y
Miles
GIS
May b« axempt from public r«l«aM under
tw Freadom of InlbrmattonAet (5 U S C.5S2)
Exemption 2 • Circumvention of etafijte
VAstem review required before public releaee
Neme/Org Burleeon Coneiitng Date 04/2^2007
Thie cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accorrlance wth
professional practice Mandarde Dstt « only ae accurate ae its primary
aource and is spstally relatve-grade It shoiJd not replace or be used in
place of survey data Referto mets^ta for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAP A/DOE and are intended for
plannirtg and analysis only. No reproducbon or copying of this product is
allowed vMthout the eole consent of WAP A/DOE
Source SNR, 6DT, Califomn Spstal Ir^rmtion bbrary
Segment 1
N
Segment 2Ct
—
Segment 2A1
Segment 20
•—
Segment 2A2
—
Segment 3
—
Segment 2A3
A
Substation
Segment 2A4
OH
Existing Transmission Line
Segment 2A5
Highway
Segment 2B
Road
y
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-5
Segment 2A1
0.5
1:80,000
Miles
N
A
Yuba ^
- '
Suttefv
> N
Placer
v>.
Yolo
V
Sacramento
■W.Catlett.Rd,
Howsleygd
^/easa/jtGrovjeCfe^
fo-_ Fifield:R(
Phillip Rd
SankeyRd
fiacksgrvRd
.Riego^Rd.
'Statio
SUITE
W Elverta Rd
Elverta
Substation
W Elkhorn Blvd
Elkhom*Blvd1
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
isant i»rove
Miy be aiempt from public releaM under
fie Freedom of Information Act (5 U S.C.S52)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of slafota
GIS V\ibetam review required before public releaae.
Xerra Wa»ai>
Aijian
Name/Org: Burteaon Conai/ting Oata 04/23/2007
Thla cartographic product and GIS Ata ware prepared n accordance wlh
profoaaionai practice atendarde Oafo la only aa accurate aa ita primary
aource and ie epafally ralative-grede. It ehoiid not reiXaoa or be uaed in
place of aurvey data Refer to metadata for aource and accuracy
Thia map and data are the property of WAP A/DOE arfo are intar>ded for
planning and analyeia only. No reproduction or copying of thia (roduct ia
allowed without the aole coneent of WAP A/DOE
Source: SNR, GOT, Calrfomla Spefal Information Ubrery
Segment 1
N
Segment 2Ci
—
Segment 2A1
Segment 202
—
Segment 2A2
Segment 3
Segment 2A3
A
Substation
—•
Segment 2A4
Existing Transmission Line
Segment 2A5
Highway
Segment 2B
Road
J
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-6
Segment 2A2
1:80,000
Miles
Yuba I
\
1
Sutter\
Placer
1 |\
1
Yolo
Sacramento
W.Catlett
Howsley Bd
G ''oy^ Cf ®
Fifield.Rd'
Phillip Rd
Sankey Rd
^acksoo.Rd.
-BRieqo Rd
If way
UTTER
.Elve'rta.Rd
Elverta
Substation
W Elkhom Blvd
EikhorniBlvdi
rove
Static
W Riego Rd
Elverta
Rd
the Freedom of Ir^rmation Act (5 U.S.C 552)
Exemption 2 • Circumventon of statute
GIS ^stem review required before public relea*
SJerre *#•»•*
hiarne/Org Burleson ConeJting Dete 04/23^2007
This catDgraphic product and GIS Ata were prepared in accordance with
profeeucnal practice standards Data « only as accurate as its primary
source ard is spatally relstve-grade It shoiid not replace or be ueed in
place of aurvey data Referic metadata for source and accuracy
This map and data are the property of WAP A/DOE and are intended for
planning ir>d analywe only No reproduction or copying of thie product it
allowed without the eole corieent of WAP A/DOE
Source SNR, GDT. California Spalal Information Library
Segment 1
N
Segment 2Ci
—•
Segment 2A1
Segment 2C2
—
Segment 2A2
Segment 3
—
Segment 2A3
A
Substation
Segment 2A4
n
Existing Transmission Line
Segment 2A5
Highway
Segment 2B
Road
y
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-7
Segment 2A3
Sutter
Placer
1:80,000
Miles
G/5
May b« axampt from public ralaasa under
tie Freedom of Information Act (5 U $.C 552)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of etitute
^betam review required before public releaae.
Name/Ors: Burleaon ConeJtng CDate 04/2:^2007
Thia cartograpbic product and CIS data vrere prepared in accordance with
profoaatonal practice standvda Data ia only ae accurate ae ite pnmary
aource and ia apotally relafve-grade It ahoiid not replace or be uaed In
liface of aurvey deta Refer to meta^ta for aource and accuracy
Thia map and data are the property of WAP/VDOE ard are intarxled for
pianning ar>d anaiyaia or^y. No reproduction or copying of thia product ia
aliowad without the aola oortaentofV\IAPA/DOE
Source: SNR, GOT, California Spelal Information Library
/
N
Segment 1
Segment 2Ci
mamm
Segment 2A1
Segment 2C2
mmm
Segment 2A2
Segment 3
—
Segment 2A3
A
Substation
—
Segment 2A4
n
Existing Transmission Line
—
Segment 2A5
Highway
Segment 2B
Road
J
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-8
Segment 2A4
0.5
1:80,000
Miles
N
A
Yuba|
r
Sutter
Placer
,
1
1
Yolo
Sacramento
ygwsjevRd
Fifield'Rd'
Sankey Rd
yacksoiLRd,
Mrway
.Elye'rta.Rd!
W Elverta Rd
Elverta
Substation
W Elkhom BIyd
ElkhornBlydl
.W-Catlett Rd
^isant iifove
Static! I Phillip Rd L
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
GIS
May ba axampt from public raleasa under
the Freedom of Information Act (5 U S C 552)
Exemptton 2 - Circumvention of statute
Yfostem review required before puUic release
Name/Org Burleson Constitng Date 04/23^2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance wrth
professional practice standards Data is only as accurate as its pnmary
source and is epetally relatve-grsde It should not replaoe or be used in
place of survey data Refer to metadata for source and accuracy
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning and anaiyaia only No raproducton or copying of this product»
allowed without the eole coneent of ^JAPA/DOE
Source SNR, GDI. Califomie Spalal Informaton Library
4HMMS Segment 1
N
Segment 2Ci
Segment 2C2
Segment 2A1
mmm Segment 2A2
—•
Segment 3
eaw Segment 2A3
Jk
Substation
•■■i* Segment 2A4
□Hi
Existing Transmission Line
mmm Segment 2A5
Highway
mmm Segment 2B
Road
J
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-9
Segment 2A5
1:80,000
Miles
■W.Catlett Rd
Howsley Rd
Fifield:f?d'
Sankey Rd
giackson.Rd,
Mrway
UTTE
Elvefta.Rg
W Elverta Rd
Elverta
Substation
W Elkhom Blvd
Elkhorn Blydl
ant l»rove
^sa„tG^eCree'(
sat
our J
Gts
Mty b« nampt from pubJic rviMM undar
Vw f rMdom ot IrHbrmation Act (S (J S C 552)
Exemptwn 2 * Ciraimwntion of ttaluts
^•tom r*vi*w roquirod boforo pub(c roloaa*
Nim«/0>g: Buriown Corw4itr>g Data 02J22f2007
Thia cartoonphicprDduct and GiS data wara praparvd rn accordance vyitti
profeaaronal practica atandarda Data ia only aaaccurata at ita primary
aouroe and la apalally ralatva-grada It ahoiid not rapiaca or ba uaad in
placa of aurvay data Rafarto matadita for aourca and accuracy
Tbia map and data are tt>a proparty of WAPA/OOE and are intandad for
planning and analyaia only No reproduction or copying of thia product ia
aliOMad Mthout tba aola conaant of V4APA/DOE.
Source: SNR, GOT. CallfbrrHa Spafal Information Litvary
/
N
Segment 1
Segment 2Ci
—
Segment 2A1
Segment 2C2
Segment 2A2
^M
Segment 3
Segment 2A3
A
Substation
—
Segment 2A4
cam
Existing Transmission Line
Ml
Segment 2A5
Highway
MM
Segment 26
Road
J
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-10
Segment 2B
1:80,000
Miles
GIS \Atoct8m r«view r«quir»d before public r«l»a«
Name/Org: 6ur1«aor> ConsUtng Date 05/11/2007
This ca^tDgraphic product and GIS data wara preparad in accordanca with
profaaaional practica standarda Data « only aa accurate aa itaprimary
aourca and la apatally ralatva-grada It ahoiid net raplaca or ba usad In
piaca ot aurvay data Rafarto metadata for aourca and accuracy
Tbia map and data ara tha proparty of WAPA/DOE and ara intendad for
pfenning ar>d analysia only. No rapreducton or copying of ttiia product la
allowad without tha aola oortaantofWi^PA/DOE
Source SNR, GOT, California Spaial Information Library
> Segment 1 Segment 2C2
> Segment 2A1 Segment 3
• Segment 2A2 A Substation
> Segment 2A3 Highway
• Segment 2A4 Road
• Segment 2A5 Existing Transmission Line
> Segment 2B ■■ To Be Abandoned
Segment 2Ci Transmission Line
1 Sacramento
Elverta ,
Substation
Elkhorn Blvd
onids
Natomas
Substation
r
«■■■ Segment 1
Segment 2Ci
Segment 2A1
Segment 2C2
mmm Segment 2A2
—•
Segment 3
Segment 2A3
Jk
Substation
Segment 2A4
Existing Transmission Line
mmm Segment 2A5
—
Highway
Road
Segment 26
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-12
Segment 3
1:60,000
Miles
Placer
Elverta
^ I I
iot Uiyfe [f
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public releeee under
- Freedom o< Infcrmeticn Act {5 U S C.552)
iK—■■ •^Twr. Exemption 2 - Circumventcn of stiute
GiS VWetem review required before public reieew
$lei»e Mevade
****** Neme/Oig; Buflewn Consiiting Oete Q2/Z2/2007
Tbie certogrephic product end GIS date were prepared in accordance wlh
profeealanal prectce etaridarde Datt ia only aa accurate at its pnmary
aource and re apelally relatve-grede It ahoiJd not replace or be ueed in
place of aurvey data Refer to metadata for aouroe arid accuracy
Thie map and data are the property of WAPAfDOE and are intended for
planning and anaiyeia only. No reproduction or copying of thia product ia
allovwd Mthout the aole conaent of WAP A/DOE.
Source SNR, GOT, CaliforrMi Spate! Inforrraton Library
Chapter 3: Alternatives
3.2.1 Segment 1 - O'Banion
Substation to Cross Canal
Segment 1 would consist of constructing about 17.1
miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV transmission
line in new transmission line right-of-way (ROW)
and adjacent to an existing transmission line ROW
from O'Banion Substation to an area near Cross
Canal (see Figure 3.1-4). It would parallel the Sutter
Bypass and cross the Feather River. Western does
not anticipate the need to construct new access
roads.
3.2.2 Segment 2 - Cross Canal to
South of Elverta Substation
Several alignments were originally considered for
Segment 2. Preliminary screening was based
primarily on which side of the road a segment should
follow. As a result, four segments were eliminated
from consideration in the Draft SEIS and EIR,
primarily because of engineering constraints, as
described in Appendix A. Three alignments were
retained for Segment 2, including Segments 2A, 2B,
and 2C. Segment 2A was further delineated into
route Segments 2A1,2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and 2A5 to
evaluate various west-to-east routes between
Highway 99 and points near East Levee Road.
Segment 2 routes are described below.
Segment 2A would consist of constructing about
11.6 to 13.5 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line within a new ROW. This
alignment would begin at the termination of
Segment 1 and proceed about 0.7 mile along Cross
Canal, then turn south along the east or west side of
Highway 99. Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4, and
2A5 present five alternative routes between Riego
Road and Elkhom Boulevard that connect the east or
west Highway 99 route option east to a point near
East Levee Road, then extend south and east to
connect witR SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas
transmission line south of the Elverta Substation in
Sacramento County. Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4,
and 2A5 are further described below and shown in
Figures 3.1-4 to 3.1-9. Each new 2A alignment
would require new access roads.
3.2.2.1 Segment 2A1 - South Side of Riego
Road
Segment 2A1 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 5.1 miles to Riego
Road. The alignment would proceed east along the
south side of Riego Road for about 2.4 miles, then
tum south along the west side of East Levee Road for
about 3.5 miles to intercept SMUD's existing Elverta-
Natomas transmission line south of the Elverta
Substation.
3.2.2.2 Segment 2A2 - North Side of Sutter
County Line
Segment 2A2 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 6.1 miles to the
Sacramento/Sutter County Line. The alignment would
proceed east along the north side of the county line in
Sutter County for about 2.5 miles and then tum
south along the west side of East Levee Road for
about 2.3 miles to intercept SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas transmission line south of Elverta
Substation.
3.2.2.3 Segment 2A3 - North Side of Eiverta
Road
Segment 2A3 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 7.7 miles to West
Elverta Road. The alignment would proceed east on
the north side of Elverta Road for about 2.4 miles,
and then tum south for about 0.8 mile and east for
0.3 mile to the west side of East Levee Road to intercept
SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line
south of the Elverta Substation.
3.2.2.4 Segment 2A4 - North Side of
Eikhorn Boulevard
Segment 2A4 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 9.8 miles to West
Elkhom Boulevard. The alignment would then
proceed east along the north side of Elkhom
Boulevard for about 2.8 miles to the west side of
East Levee Road, where it would intercept SMUD's
existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line about 2.2
miles south of the Elverta Substation.
3-14
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 3: Alternatives
3.2.2.5 Segment 2A5 - Community
Separator
Segment 2A5 would proceed south along the east or
west side of Highway 99 for about 7.1 miles to a
Community Separator' planned by the City of
Sacramento north of Elverta Road. The alignment
would proceed east along the Community Separator
for about 2.8 miles, and then turn south along the
west side of East Levee Road for about 1.2 miles to
intercept SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas
transmission line south of the Elverta Substation.
3.2.2.6 Segment 2B - Cross Canal to
Elverta Substation - Abandoned
Railroad Right-of-Way Alignment
Segment 2B would require new ROW, which would
follow the alignment of an abandoned railroad ROW
from the termination of Segment 1 and proceed
southeast to an area north of Rio Linda Boulevard.
From there, it would proceed southwest within an
existing transmission line ROW, around the west
side of the existing Elverta Substation, and tie into
SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas transmission line
south of the Elverta Substation. Small areas near Rio
Linda Boulevard and Elverta Road also would require
new transmission line easements.
3.2.2.7 Segment 2C - Cross Canal to
Elverta Substation - Eastern
Alignment
Segment 2C consists of Segments 2Ci and 2C2.
Segment 2Ci would consist of constructing about
9.4 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV
transmission line from the termination of Segment
1 near Cross Canal to an area near the Elverta
Substation. Segment 2Ci would angle east from the
existing transmission line to avoid houses then cross
the line at about MP 0.5 to avoid the Pleasant Grove
' The Community Separator is an open-space area used
for creating community form and image, and a sense of
place, which provides clear separation between
communities, defines the transition between urban and
rural uses, and provides gateways that define entrances to
a city. A greenbelt is proposed from the Sutter and
Sacramento county lines to approximately one mile south
of the county lines to separate Sutter County and
Sacramento City's Urban Reserve Area. The Urban
Reserve is the area outside of Sacramento City's Sphere of
Influence in which future development and extension of
municipal services are contemplated but not imminent.
Cemetery near Howsley Road. Segment 2Ci would
then cross the existing transmission line at about MP
1.3 to avoid a farmer's house and cross back at about
MP 2.2 to avoid a bam near Fifield Road. Segment
2Ci would again cross the existing transmission line
at MP 3.0 to avoid structures and to use the existing
Cottonwood-Roseville ROW from MP 5.1 to 8.0.
The line would then continue south to tie into the
Elverta-Natomas transmission line near the Elverta
Substation. Small areas around Elverta Road would
require new transmission line easements.
Segment 2C2 would be constructed to reroute the
existing Cottonwood-Roseville 230-kV transmission
line to the east to provide sufficient ROW for
Segment 2Ci between MP 5.1 and 8.0. This reroute
would originate at Stmcture 143/3 and proceed east
with constmction of new 230-kV transmission line
for about 3.9 miles, then south for about 2.4 miles to
rejoin the existing Cottonwood-Roseville
transmission line between Structures 152/2 and
152/3. About 8.7 miles of existing Cottonwood-
Roseville line would be abandoned from Keys Road
to Sorento Road (Segment 2Ci MP 8.0) then
northeast to the termination of Segment 2C2.
Cottonwood-Roseville structures from Keys Road to
just north of Jackson Road and from Segment 2Ci
MP 8.0 to the termination of Segment 2C2 would be
left in place and the conductors would be removed.
Cottonwood-Roseville structures between MP 5.1
(Jackson Road) and Segment 2Ci MP 8.0 would be
removed to provide ROW for Segment 2Ci.
3.2.3 Segment 3 - Elverta Substation
to Natomas Substation
Segment 3 would consist of rebuilding about
4.8 miles of existing double-circuit, 115/230-kV
Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas
transmission lines within an existing ROW between
Elverta and Natomas substations. The existing
transmission line structures and conducjprs would be
removed prior to constructing the new structures and
conductors. Foundations would be removed
sufficiently below grade to allow for roadwork and
infrastructure projects to occur in the future.
3.3 ALTERNATIVES
Each altemative is identified as the abbreviated
name of the Segment 2 option and includes the
corresponding Segment 2 option, as well as Segments
1 and 3. For example, Altemative A3 includes
Segments 1, 2A3, and 3. Table 3-1 shows
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR * Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-15
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-1. Summary of New Disturbance for Each Alternative
Alternative
Description
Total
Miles
Total
ROW
Acres
New Structures'
Access Roads'"
Pulling Sites'"
Material Storage"
Total
Construction
Acres
Total
Long-term
Acres
Approximate
Number
Construction
Acres
Long-term
Acres
Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-term
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
A1-East®
33.6
509.1
161
37.1
1.6
28.8
52.4
52.4
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.3
54.0
A1 -West'
33.8
512.1
162
37.3
1.6
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.3
A2-East®
33.5
507.6
161
37.0
1.6
28.7
52.2
52.2
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.0
53.8
A2-West'
33.7
510.6
162
37.2
1.6
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.6
54.2
A3-East®
33.8
512.1
162
37.3
1.6
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.4
A3-West'
34.0
515.1
163
37.5
1.6
29.2
53.1
53.1
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.4
54.7
A4-East®
35.2
533.3
169
38.9
1.7
30.4
55.3
55.3
12
4.8
2
10.0
108.9
56.9
A4-West'
35.4
536.3
170
39.1
1.7
30.6
55.6
55.6
13
5.2
2
10.0
109.9
57.3
A5-East®
33.7
510.6
162
37.2
1.6
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.6
54.2
A5-West'
33.9
513.6
163
37.4
1.6
29.1
52.9
52.9
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.1
54.5
B
31.3
474.2
150
34.6
1.5
26.5
48.2
48.2
11
4.4
2
10.0
97.1
49.7
C
37.6
569.7
180
41.5
1.8
23.4
42.5
42.5
13
5.2
2
10.0
99.3
44.4
No Action
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: Burleson 2007
^ Structure Assumptions
Assume a new structure every 1,100 feet
Assume 0.23 construction acre disturbances for each structure, based on a 100- by 100-foot construction area
Assume 0.01 long-term acre disturbances for each structure, based on a 10- by 10-foot structure footprint rounded up
" Access Road Assumptions
Assume no disturbance for Segment 3 access roads because they are in existing Right-of-Way (ROW)
Assume access roads parallel to transmission lines for Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, and 28
Assume 6.3 miles of new access road for 2C portion (9.4 miles is along existing ROW)
Assume 15-foot width for access roads
Assume road disturbance acres for long- and short-term = miles*5280"15'width\43,560
' Assume a pulling site every 3 miles and short-term disturbance of 0.4 acre per site
'' Assume materials storage yard every 15 miles and short-term disturbance of 5 acres per site
° East alignment would parallel the east side of Highway 99
' West alignment would parallel the west side of Highway 99
3-16
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 3: Alternatives
disturbances from each alternative, which were
summed from individual segment disturbances
presented in Appendix B. Altematives Al, A2, A3,
A4, and A5 would have slightly different acreages of
disturbance depending on whether the altematives
traverse the east or west side of SR 99; the higher
values are used in this SEIS and EIR.
3.3.1 Alternative Al
Alternative Al includes Segments 1, 2A1, and 3. It
would constmct about 33.8 miles of new
double-circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
162 stmctures and would require up to 52.7 acres of
access roads. The altemative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.2 Alternative A2
Alternative A2 includes Segments 1, 2A2, and 3. It
would construct about 33.7 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about 162
stmctures and would require up to 52.6 acres of
access roads. The altemative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.3 Alternative A3
Altemative A3 includes Segments I, 2A3, and 3. It
would constmct about 34.0 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
163 stmctures and would require up to 53.1 acres of
access roads. The altemative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.4 Alternative A4
Altemative A4 includes Segments 1, 2A4, and 3. It
would constmct about 35.4 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
170 stmctures and would require up to 55.6 acres of
access roads. The altemative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Nafomas transmission lines.
3.3.5 Alternative AS
Altemative A5 includes Segments 1, 2A5, and 3. It
would construct about 33.9 miles of new
double-circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
163 stmctures and would require up to 52.9 acres of
access roads. The altemative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.6 Alternative B
Altemative B includes Segments 1, 2B, and 3. It
would constmct about 31.3 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about
150 structures and would require up to 48.2 acres of
access roads. The alternative would rebuild about
4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and Elverta-
Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.7 Alternative C
Altemative C includes Segments I, 2Ci, 2C2, and 3.
It would construct about 37.6 miles of new double-
circuit, 230-kV transmission line on about 180
stmctures and would require up to 42.5 acres of
access roads. Alternative C would abandon about
8.7 miles of existing Cottonwood-Roseville
transmission line. The altemative would replace
about 4.8 miles of existing Elverta-North City and
Elverta-Natomas transmission lines.
3.3.8 No Action
The No Action Altemative would include operation
and maintenance of the existing transmission lines.
Westem would not build any of the new
transmission line segments presented in Section 3.2.
Implementing this altemative would preclude most
short-term environmental impacts associated with
constmction activities. This alternative would not
meet the Project's Purpose and Need. The No Action
Altemative would not alleviate the greater
Sacramento Area power system voltage stability,
reliability, and security problems. While Westem
and interconnected transmission system owners.
Load Serving Entities, and area utilities would
continue to take appropriate measures to manage
power system reliability they may be unable to meet
system reliability standards and contractual
obligations under the No Action Altemative.
3.3.9 Alternatives Elimlnated4rom
Detailed Review
Altematives eliminated from further evaluation in
this Draft SEIS and EIR are presented in
Appendix A. In addition, the rationale for dismissing
them is discussed. Engineering considerations were
the primary factor in eliminating several altematives.
3.4 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
The proposed Project would include constmcting a
new double-circuit, 230-kV transmission line from
the O'Banion Substation to a point south of the
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-17
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Elverta Substation and rebuilding about 4.8 miles of
an existing 230-kV/l 15-kV, double-circuit
transmission line between Elverta and Natomas
Substations. Elements for construction and
rebuilding would consist of:
• Designs
• ROW requirements
• Engineering surveys
• Detailed siting
• Material storage yards
• Access roads
• Circuit outage
• Dismantling
• Excavation and foundation construction
• Structures
• Conductor stringing
• Equipment additions in substations
• Abandonment
• Cleanup and reclamation
• Operation and maintenance
Typical persotmel and equipment needed for
construction operations are listed in Table 3-2. The
tasks would be conducted in stages; therefore,
personnel and equipment would not be working on all
tasks simultaneously at a given location.
3.4.1 Design
All conductors, structures, and equipment would meet
the National Electric Safety Code (NESC) and any
other applicable criteria. Self-supporting monopole
steel structures are available for double-circuit,
230-kV transmission lines.
3.4.2 RIght-of-Way Requirements
New transmission lines (Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2,
2A3, 2A4, 2A5, 2B, and 2C) would require new
100- to 125-foot-wide ROW. Segments 3 and a
portion of 2Ci would not require new ROW because
Western wo&ld build or rebuild the transmission line
in existing ROW. When the final route is
determined. Western would acquire land rights in
accordance with the Uniform Relocation Assistance
and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
(P.L. 91-646), as amended. Westem would purchase
rights through negotiations with landowners at fair
market value, based on independent appraisals.
Landowners would retain title to the land and could
continue to use the property in ways that would be
compatible with the transmission line. Westem
would clear ROW vegetation to provide suitable
access for construction equipment and adequate
stmcture and conductor clearance. Shmbs and trees
would be cleared or trimmed from access roads,
structure sites, pulling sites, and material storage
yards.
3.4.3 Engineering Surveys
Surveys would be used to locate the transmission
line centerline, property lines, and comers; provide
accurate ground profiles along the centerline; locate
stmctures; and determine the exact locations and
rough ground profiles for new access roads. Initial
centerline survey work, consisting of survey control,
corridor centerline location, profile surveys, and
stmcture staking, would occur before constmction.
This information would help complete legal
descriptions of proposed properties. Soils would be
tested to determine physical properties, including
the ability to support the proposed stmctures.
Westem would work with affected landowners
during the initial route selection and stmcture-siting
process to reduce or eliminate impacts to land uses
and avoid or minimize disturbance to sensitive
environmental areas.
3.4.4 Detailed Siting
Facility siting and the location of related activities would
be selected to reduce or eliminate impacts to existing and
planned land uses and to avoid or minimize disturbances
to landowners and sensitive environmental areas.
Westem would work with landowners to site material
storage yards and access roads.
3.4.5 Material Storage Yards
Temporary material storage yards would be required
near the transmission line and public access ways at
intervals of about 15 miles. These areas would serve
as reporting locations for workers, parking spaces
for vehicles, and storage spaces for equipment 5hd
materials. Each material storage yard would cover
about 5 acres (400 by 540 feet). Areas would be
selected that require as little clearing and grading as
possible. In most cases, existing substations would
serve as material storage yards.
3.4.6 Access Roads
Wherever possible, access to each stmcture would
be within and along the ROW. Access roads (15 feet
wide) would be required for construction and
maintenance activities. Westem assumes that new
access roads would be constmcted along the entire
length of new transmission lines in new ROW to be
used during constmction and thereafter for
3-18
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-2. Typical Assumptions for Personnel and Equipment Required
Tasks
Staffing®
Equipment
Right-of-Way (access
roads, gates and clearing)
2 to 4 equipment operators
1 motor grader
1 pickup truck
1 bulldozer
1 backhoe
Excavation
2 to 4 laborers/equipment operators
2 augers
1 backhoe
1 pickup truck
1 compressor
Foundations
(anchor boit/rebar cages)
4 to 6 laborers/equipment operators
3 to 5 ironworkers
2 flat-bed trucks
2 pickup trucks
2 air compressors
2 hydro lifts
2 welders
2 to 3 mixer trucks per structure for
direct-embedded foundations or
10 to 12 mixer trucks per structure anchor bolt
foundations
Steel Hauiout
4 to 6 laborers/equipment operators
2 hydro-cranes
4 pickup trucks
2 tractors
Steel Assembly and
Structure Erection
4 to 6 linemen/laborers and crane
operators
2 hydro-cranes
2 tractors
2 manlifts
2 pickup trucks
Wire Stringing
20 to 25 iinemen/groundmen
2 pullers
2 tensioners
2 bulldozers
4 reel trailers
1 materials truck
2 manlifts
5 to 6 pickup trucks
1 light truck
Cleanup and Revegetation
2 to 4 laborers
1 bulldozer w/ripper
1 blader
1 front-end loader
1 tractor/harrow/disc
•
1 light truck
Source: Burleson 2007
' Approximate total work force at one time: 25 individuals
maintenance activities. This assumption will be
refined following detailed system design. New
access roads would be routed to minimize
environmental impacts to water, soil, habitat,
vegetation, landowner improvements, and other
identified sensitive resources. Gates and fences
disturbed or damaged from access road constmction
would be restored to their preconstruction condition.
Access roads would be maintained as graded and
culverts would be constructed, as required.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-19
Chapter 3: Alternatives
3.4.7 Circuit Outage
During construction, Western and SMUD would
need to de-energize portions of the existing
transmission line and adjacent lines to complete work
for public and construction crew safety. Westem would
plan and coordinate outages with its customers and
control area operator to minimize temporary
impacts.
3.4.8 Dismantling of Lines Associated
with Reconstruction
Existing structures that would require replacement
along Segment 3 would be dismantled. Footings of
the dismantled structures would be removed to a
depth of 5 feet below grade and the remainder left in
place.
3.4.9 Excavation and Foundation
Construction
Minor grading and vegetation removal may be
required at structure sites and staging areas to
support transmission line construction. Typical
construction clearing for each structure would
require an area of about 100 by 100 feet. Each
structure would occupy a footing area of about 10 by
10 feet. Where grading is required, topsoil would be
removed, stockpiled, and seeded, as required, to
prevent erosion.
Foundations for new stmctures would be excavated to
a depth of up to 30 feet, casings placed, and concrete
poured into casings. Structures would be assembled,
erected, and attached to foundations. Strings of insulators
would support the conductor. Excess fill material
would be spread evenly around the structure base to
provide positive site drainage. Waste cement
management or washing of cement trucks would
comply with Western's Environmental Quality
Protection Manual for Construction Standards.
After construction. Western would regrade disturbed
areas to establish original contours as near as
practicable to the original, and then redistribute
topsoil. Temporary topsoil stockpiles would be
protected from erosion during construction in
accordance with EPM 90. Excess soil would be
spread evenly around the structure base to direct site
drainage away from structures.
3.4.10 Structures
Based on comments received from the public.
Western and SMUD management have decided to
use monopole structures for new construction
because they would require less land disturbance
than lattice structures, allow for easier vegetation
maintenance, and were considered more
aesthetically pleasing. Westem would use about 150
to 180 monopole steel structures, as presented in
Figure 3.1-13. Stmcture locations would require
enough room to allow stmcture assembly and crane-
landing areas. Additional space would be needed
outside the ROW to accommodate pulling and
tensioning areas at angle structures. Tmcks or
helicopters would transport stmcture components to
the sites. A crane would be used to erect stmctures.
Additional equipment may include the following:
cranes (ground or helicopter), augers, bulldozers,
bucket tmcks, backhoes, air compressors, electric
generators, pickup tmcks and other vehicles,
machinery, and other equipment.
3.4.11 Conductor Stringing
Flatbed trucks would carry conductor reels to the
various conductor-pulling sites along the ROW.
Typically, conductor-pulling sites would be spaced at
15,000- to 20,000-foot intervals. However, distances
would vary, depending on the geography, topography,
and sensitivity of the specific area; the length of the
line; and the accessibility by equipment.
Stringing rollers (pulleys) would be attached to the
ends of the insulator strings. A rope would be
connected to the conductor and shield wire used to
pull the line from structure to stmcture during new
constmction. This process secures and supports the
conductor and allows it to roll freely as it is threaded
from stmcture to structure. Crews would use the
existing conductors to pull the new conductors.
Splicing would occur at pulling sites. Conductors
would be adjusted to proper sag and tension and the
stringing roller wheels would be replaced with •
insulator strings, to which conductors would be
secured. Temporary guard stmctures would be
installed at prescribed locations to ensure the
conductor does not sag into roads or other locations
that could result in a safety hazard.
Equipment would include stringing trailers,
tensioning machines, pullers, bulldozers, and several
trucks, including a bucket tmck. Stringing
equipment at each pulling site would be set up about
300 feet from the initial stmcture. Pulling sites
would require an area of 0.4 acre (125 by 125 feet).
These sites would be located along the transmission
line centerline. Where transmission lines tum at
severe angles, pulling sites would be required
3-20
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
230-k\/ Steel Monopole
21' - 10"
LO
CNI
Position of two
sfiield wires
(Dimensions are typical)
SACRAMENTO AREA
VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 3.1-13
230-kV Steel Pole
Transmission Structure
Chapter 3: Alternatives
outside of the ROW. Western would locate the
pulling site at a distance greater than three times the
height of the structure (i.e. for a 125-foot high
structure, the pulling site would be about 375 feet
from the structure). Western would attempt to use
existing disturbed land for angle pulling sites;
however, if unavailable. Western would find a stable
area to pull outside of the ROW.
3.4.12 Equipment Additions in
Substations
Work inside the O'Banion Substation would include
populating three existing bays with five new 230-kV
breakers, eight new motor-operated disconnect
switches, structural steel, overhead electrical bus,
concrete foundations, buried conduits, and control
cabling. Control panels and communication
equipment would be installed inside the existing
control room. Work inside the Elverta and Natomas
substations would include installation of outdoor
metering structures and equipment, buried conduits
and cabling, and additional control, metering, and
communication equipment inside both substation
control rooms.
3.4.13 Abandonment
About 8.6 miles of Cottonwood-Roseville transmission
lines would be abandoned for Altemative C (see Figure
3.1-11). Structures, foundations, conductors, shield
wires, insulators, and hardware would be removed
for about 2.9 miles where Segment 2Ci would use
the abandoned ROW. Structures would be left in place
for the remaining 5.8 miles of abandoned Cottonwood-
Roseville transmission line with conductors, shield
wires, insulators, and hardware removed.
3.4.14 Cleanup and Reclamation
Waste materials and debris from construction areas
would be collected, hauled away, and disposed of at
approved landfill sites. Typical equipment used for
these activities would include a grader, front-end
loader, tractor, and dozer with a ripper.
Procedures for vegetation clearing, restoration, and
ROW maintenance would be implemented as standard
construction and reclamation measures. Disturbed
areas would be returned to their natural contours, to
the extent practicable, including reseeding as
required and installing cross drains for erosion
control.
Vegetation within ROW would be low-growing for
the life of the proposed Project to ensure that growth
does not jeopardize the safety or reliability of the
line.
3.4.15 Operation and Maintenance
Typical activities associated with operating and
maintaining transmission lines would be conducted
similar to activities on existing transmission lines.
The amount of power transferred along the
conductors would vary, depending on seasonal and
time-of-day loads, as well as other system demands.
Westem's power system dispatchers would direct
day-to-day and emergency transmission line
operation in accordance with Westem's Power
System Operations Manual (Westem 1996), as
amended.
Westem would maintain the proposed transmission
system by monitoring, testing, repairing, and replacing
equipment. Typical maintenance activities include:
• Periodic routine aerial and ground inspections to
identify and repair damaged structures,
conductors, and insulators;
• Periodic and emergency aerial and ground
inspections after natural or weather events or
reported vandalism;
• Routine scheduled maintenance;
• Access road maintenance to regrade and fdl
gullies, clear and repair culverts, and repair
erosion-control features and gates; and
• Vegetation management activities, including
cutting, trimming, and clearing trees, bmsh,
noxious weeds, and undergrowth. Activities may
involve mechanical and chemical control methods.
Some land-use impacts could occur during routine
maintenance activities and increase during
emergencies. Western would restore damaged aTeas
or compensate landowners when responsible for
damage. Past emergency activities have been
infrequent and restricted, in most cases, to a small
area. Existing and planned land uses would be
allowed to continue in the ROW to the extent that
such uses do not interfere with the ROW as
described in the ROW Agreement.
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
MEASURES
Westem and SMUD have developed EPMs to
reduce environmental consequences associated with
constmction activities. Environmental consequences
for each resource area (see Chapter 4) assume that
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Chapter 3: Alternatives
EPMs specified in Table 3-3 would be fully implemented consistent with regulatory and industry
implemented. Western would use these practices on standards for any activity proposed,
both public and private lands. These EPMs would be
Table 3-3. Environmental Protection Measures
No.
Resource
Environmental Protection Measures
1
Air Quality
Western would adhere to all requirements of those entities having jurisdiction over air
quality matters and obtain any permits needed for construction activities. Qpen burning
of construction trash would not be allowed.
2
Air Quality
Project participants would use reasonably practicable methods and devices to control,
prevent, and otherwise minimize atmospheric emissions or discharges of air contaminants.
3
Air Quality
Visible emissions from all off-road diesel-powered equipment would not exceed 40
percent opacity for more than three minutes in any one hour.
4
Air Quality
Equipment and vehicles that show excessive emissions of exhaust gases caused by poor
engine adjustments or other inefficient operating conditions would not be operated until
corrective repairs or adjustments were made.
5
Air Quality
Vehicles and equipment used in construction and maintenance of the proposed Project or
alternatives would maintain appropriate emissions control equipment and be
appropriately permitted.
6
Air Quality
Road construction would include dust-control measures such as watering and other
approved suppressing agents for limiting dust generation.
7
Air Quality
Fill material storage piles would include dust-control measures such as water or
chemical suppressants.
8
Air Quality
Ground surfaces that have been significantly disturbed would be seeded appropriately to
prevent wind dispersion of soil.
9
Air Quality
Removal of vegetation and ground disturbance would be limited to the minimum area
necessary to complete proposed Project construction activities. Vegetative cover would
be maintained on all other portions of the proposed Project area.
10
Air Quality
Regular watering of exposed soils and unpaved access roads would be conducted during
the construction period.
11
Air Quality
Grading activities would cease during periods of high winds (greater than 20 miles per
hour averaged over 1 hour).
12
Air Quality
Trucks transporting loose material would be covered or would maintain at least 2 feet of
freeboard and not create any visible dust emissions.
13
Air Quality
Excessive engine idling will be minimized according to Placer County and City of
Sacramento regulations.
14
Air Quality
A comprehensive inventory (e.g., make, model, year and emission rating) would be
submitted to the relevant air districts of all the heavy-duty off-road equipment (50
horsepower or greater) that would be used in aggregate of 40 or more hours for the
construction project. The inventory shall be updated and submitted monthly throughout
the duration of the project, except that an inventory shall not be required for any 30-day
period in which no construction activity occurs. At least 48 hours prior to the use of
subject heavy-duty off-road equipment, the project representative shall provide the air
districts with the anticipated construction timeline, including start date, name and phone
number of the project manager and on-site foreman. Heavy-duty equipment would meet
the standard emissions reduction of 20 percent NQx and 45 percent PMio compared to
the most recent California Air Resources Board (GARB) fleet average at the time of
construction.
15
Biological Resources
Mitigation measures developed during the consultation period under Section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) would be adhered to, as specified in the subsequent
Biological Opinion of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In addition, applicable
mitigation developed in conjunction with state and Tribal authorities would be followed.
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Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-3. Environmental Protection Measures
No.
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Environmental Protection Measures
16
Biological Resources
Before construction and maintenance, all personnel would be instructed on tfie
protection of cultural, paleontological, and ecological resources. To assist in this effort,
the construction and maintenance contract would address applicable Federal, state,
local and Tribal laws regarding collection and removal antiquities, fossils, plants, and
wildlife. Training would include the importance of these resources and the purpose and
necessity of protecting them.
17
Biological Resources
Special-status species and their habitats would be protected during post-EIS and EIR
phases of the project. This may involve conducting surveys for habitat, plant, and wildlife
species of concern. Where special-status species or their habitats are found, appropriate
action would be taken to avoid adverse impacts on the species and/or their habitat.
18
Biological Resources,
Wetlands
A qualified biologist would conduct surveys in sensitive habitats before clearing
vegetation. The purpose of this survey would be to identify biologically sensitive issues
such as wetlands, vernal pools, or habitat of concern. Western would avoid or use best
management practices to lessen disturbance.
19
Biological Resources
During construction and maintenance, no equipment refueling or oil changing would be
conducted within 300 feet of any bodies of water or streams.
20
Biological Resources
Within riverine habitat, ROW clearing would be done by mechanical and manual methods.
Construction and maintenance activities would be avoided within 100 feet of the stream
bank.
21
Biological Resources
Vegetation would be controlled or removed in accordance with Western's Integrated
Vegetation ivlanagement Environmental Guidance Manual (Western 2007b).
22
Biological Resources,
Wetlands
To the extent practical, freshwater emergent, lacustrine, and riverine wetlands would be
spanned and vehicular traffic would not encroach within 100 feet of the boundary of
these wetlands.
23
Biological Resources,
Wetlands
To the extent practical, when water is present, vernal pools would be driven around,
spanned, or otherwise avoided.
24
Biological Resources
Replacing insulators on structures containing active raptor nests would be conducted
after birds have fledged. Inactive nests would not be removed from structures unless
they pose a safety or reliability hazard.
25
Biological Resources.
Water Resources
Western would span the Feather River and Cross Canal riparian corridor and no
construction or maintenance equipment would cross these water bodies. Sedimentation
control structures would be used to prevent sediment from reaching riverine habitat.
26
Biological Resources,
Floodplains, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Hazardous materials would not be drained onto the ground or into streams or drainage
areas. All construction and maintenance waste would be removed daily. This would
include trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum products, and other
regulated materials. The materials would be sent to a disposal facility authorized to .
accept such materials.
27
Biological Resources,
Soits
At completion of work and at the request of the land owner/manager, all work areas
except access roads would be scarified or left in a condition that would facilitate natural
vegetation. The site would be recontoured to provide for proper drainage, and prevent
erosion.
28
Biological Resources
Equipment would be washed prior to entering sensitive areas within the Project area to
control noxious weeds. The rinse water would be disposed of through the sanitary
sewage system.
29
Biological Resources
Vernal pool resources-specific. Biological reconnaissance surveys, preconstruction
surveys, and other biological investigations would be conducted to identify on-site
vernal pool resources. If it is determined that wetland and/or vernal pool resources
occur. Western would consult with USFWS. Western would assume presence of listed
species in suitable vernal pools. Section 7 consultation with USFWS would determine
appropriate measures to avoid and minimize loss of individuals.
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Table 3-3. Environmental Protection Measures
No.
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30
Biological Resources
Boggs Lake hedge hyssop and legenere-specific. If preconstruction surveys
determine the presence of the species, Western would consult with USFWS to
determine appropriate measures to avoid and minimize loss of individuals.
31
Biological Resources
Riparian habitat-specific. If riparian vegetation requires replacement, it will be replaced
at a 3:1 ratio on site or within the watershed, using native riparian trees and/or vegetation.
32
Biological Resources
Valley elderberry longhorn beetle-specific. Surveys for beetles and elderberry host
plants by a qualified biologist will be conducted prior to construction and maintenance
activities. To the maximum extent practicable, the project will avoid stands of elderberry
bushes and avoid isolation of elderberry bushes from other nearby plant populations
33
Biological Resources
Valley elderberry longhorn beetle-specific. If elderberry plants cannot be avoided,
and if approved by the USFWS through consultation, then transplantation/replacement
mitigation measures may be implemented. Preconstruction surveys will assess the
appropriate amount of mitigation.
34
Biological Resources
Western spadefoot toad-specific. If preconstruction surveys determine the presence
of the toad. Western would consult with USFWS to determine appropriate measures to
avoid and minimize take of individuals.
35
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. Preconstruction surveys for giant garter snake would be
completed by a qualified biologist approved by USFWS. If any snake habitat is found,
additional measures would be implemented to minimize disturbance of habitat and
harassment of the species.
36
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. Between April 15 and September 30, all irrigation ditches,
canals, or other aquatic habitat would be completely dewatered, with no puddle water
remaining, for at least 15 consecutive days prior to the excavation or filling in of the
dewatered habitat. Efforts would be made to ensure that dewatered habitat does not
continue to support prey. If a site cannot be completely dewatered, netting and salvage
of prey items may be necessary.
37
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. For sites containing snake habitat, and no more than 24
hours prior to start of construction activities (site preparation and/or grading), the
Project area would be surveyed for the presence of the snake. If construction activities
stop on the site for a period of 2 weeks or more, a new snake survey would be completed
no more than 24 hours prior to the resumption of construction activities.
38
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. Clearing would be confined to the minimal area
necessary to facilitate construction and maintenance activities. Giant garter snake
habitat within or adjacent to the Project would be flagged and designated as
environmentally sensitive areas. This area would be avoided by all construction
personnel.
39
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. If a live giant garter snake is found during construction
and maintenance activities, USFWS and the Project's biological monitor will be notified
immediately. The biological monitor or his/her assignee shall do the following;
1. Escape routes for snakes should be determined in advance of construction and
maintenance and snakes should always be allowed to leave on their own.
2. Stop construction and maintenance activities in the vicinity of the snake.
3. Monitor the snake and allow it to leave on its own. The monitor shall remain in the
area for the remainder of the workday to make sure that the snake is not harmed, or
if it leaves the site, that it does not return. If a giant garter snake does not leave on its
own within 1 working day, further consultation with USFWS is required.
40
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. If any temporary fill and/or construction debris situated
near undisturbed giant garter snake habitat is to be removed between October 1 and
April 30, it would be inspected by a qualified biologist to ensure the snakes are not
using it as an overwintering site.
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No.
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41
Biological Resources
Giant garter snake-specific. No plastic, monofilament, jute, or similar erosion control
matting that could entangle snakes would be placed on a Project site when working
within 200 feet of snake habitat. Possible substitutions include coconut coir matting,
tactified hydroseeding compounds, or other material approved by USFWS.
42
Biological Resources
Northwestern pond turtle-specific. Take of the turtle as a result of habitat
destruction during construction and maintenance activities, including maintenance
and removal of irrigation ditches and drains, would be minimized by the dewatering
requirements described for the giant garter snake.
43
Biological Resources
Chinook salmon or steelhead-specific. The site would be monitored to ensure that
no listed fish are present and/or harmed if working in a water channel. If listed fish are
present, NMFS and CDFG, if appropriate, would be consulted.
44
Biological Resources
Western yellow-billed-specific. If preconstruction surveys or other sources determine
the presence of nesting birds, construction avoidance areas would be enforced for a
distance of 300 feet from the nest site, until young birds have fledged and left the
nesting site.
45
Biological Resources
Bank swallow-specific. Disturbances to nesting colonies would be avoided within the
nesting season of May 1 through August 31, or until a qualified biologist, with
concurrence of USFWS and CDFG, if appropriate, has determined that the young have
fledged or the nests are no longer occupied.
46
Biological Resources
Bank swallow-specific. If preconstruction surveys identify an active nesting colony,
brightly colored construction fencing will be installed 250 feet from the active nesting
colony. No construction disturbances will occur within the 250-foot fenced area during the
nesting season In addition, disturbances within 0.5 mile upstream or downstream of a
colony located on a natural waterway would be avoided.
47
Biological Resources
Tricolored blackbird-specific. If preconstruction surveys determine the presence of
breeding and nesting birds, disturbances to nesting colonies would be avoided. A
boundary shall be marked by brightly colored construction fencing establishing a 500
foot buffer from the active nest site. No disturbances would occur within the 500 foot
area during the nesting season, February 1 to August 1 or while birds are present.
Before the site can be disturbed, a qualified biologist, with concurrence by USFWS,
would determine if the young have fledged and nest sites are no longer active.
48
Biological Resources
Burrowing owl-specific. Preconstruction surveys would be conducted prior to earth-
disturbing activities to determine the presence of foraging or nesting owls. The surveys
would be conducted by a qualified biologist. Results of the preconstruction surveys would
be submitted to the land use agency with jurisdiction over the site prior to commencement
of construction activities and a mitigation program would be developed and agreed to by
the land use agency and Western prior to initiation of any physical disturbance on site.
49
Biological Resources
%
Burrowing owl-specific. Occupied burrows shall not be disturbed during nesting
season (February 1 through August 31). No disturbance should occur within 50
meters of occupied burrows during the non-breeding season (September 1 to
January 31) or within 75 meters during the breeding season (February 1 to August
31). A minimum of 6.5 acres of foraging habitat, contiguous with occupied burrow
sites, would be permanently preserved for each pair of breeding burrowing owls or
single unpaired resident bird.
50
Biological Resources
Burrowing owl-specific. If nests are found, USFWS and CDFG, if appropriate,
would be contacted regarding suitable mitigation measures. These may include a 300
foot buffer around the nest site during the breeding season, relocation efforts for owls
that have not begun egg-laying and incubation, or relocation of juveniles capable of
independent survival. If on-site avoidance is required, the boundaries of the buffer
zone would be determined by a qualified biologist and marked with yellow caution
tape, stakes, or temporary fencing. The buffer zone would be maintained throughout
the construction period. If relocation is approved by USFWS, a qualified biologist will
prepare a plan for relocating the owls to a suitable site.
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51
Biological Resources
Swainson's hawk-specific. A preconstruction survey would be completed to
determine if active Swainson's hawk nest sites occur on or within 0.5 mile or if any
Swainson's hawk nest trees would be removed on the Project site. Surveys would be
conducted by experienced Swainson's hawk surveyors using Swainson's hawk
Technical Advisory Committee's methods (May 31, 2000 or newer), as approved by
USFWS.
52
Biological Resources
Swainson's hawk-specific. If breeding hawks are identified, no disturbances would
occur within 0.5 mile of an active nest between March 15 and September 15, or until
a qualified biologist, with discussion with CDFG, if appropriate, has determined that
the young have fledged or the nest is no longer occupied. If an active nest site is
located within 0.25 mile of existing urban development, a no-disturbance zone of
0.25 mile would be set.
53
Biological Resources
Swainson's hawk-specific. Where disturbance of a hawk nest cannot be avoided,
construction would be deferred until after the nesting season. Then, if necessary, the
nest tree may be removed after discussion with CDFG, if appropriate, and it has been
determined that the young are no longer dependent upon the nest tree.
54
Biological Resources
Swainson's hawk-specific. If construction activities would cause nest abandonment or
force out fledglings within a 0.25-mile buffer zone of the Project area, an on-site qualified
raptor biologist would be assigned to the project.
55
Biological Resources
Swainson's hawk-specific. Valley oaks, tree groves, riparian habitat, and other large
trees used by Swainson's hawk and other animals will be preserved wherever possible.
If Swainson's hawk nest trees are lost, Western would implement mitigation planting.
56
Biological Resources
Upon locating dead, injured or sick threatened or endangered species, the USFWS
Division of Law Enforcement (2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825) or the
Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Ecological Services Office (2800 Cottage Way, Room W
2605, Sacramento, CA 95825, telephone 916 414 6000) must be notified within 1
working day. Written notification to both offices must be made within 3 calendar days
and must include the date, time, and location of the discovery and any other pertinent
information.
57
Cultural Resources,
Paleontological
Resources
Before construction, all supervisory construction personnel would be instructed by
Western on the protection of cultural, paleontological, and ecological resources and that
cultural resources might be presented in the study area. To assist in this effort, the
construction contract would address applicable Federal and state laws regarding
antiquities, fossils, plants, and wildlife, including collection and removal, and the
importance of these resources and the purpose and necessity of protecting them.
Contractors would be trained to stop work near any discovery and notify Western's
regional environmental manager, who would ensure that the resource is evaluated and
avoided. Known cultural resources would be fenced and a minimum distance
maintained for work disturbances.
58
Cultural Resources
Where ground-disturbing activities are identified, cultural resource evaluations would be
done to determine the need for field inventory. Construction activities would avoid all
historic properties or a special use permit or Memorandum of Agreement would be
developed in consultation with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHRO).
Avoidance would include the use of temporary construction fencing where activities are
planned to take place near cultural resources sites boundaries.
59
Cultural Resources,
Floodplains, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Direct impacts to irrigation system and drainage canal features that are eligible for the
NRHP would be avoided during the siting of new transmission line structures and access
roads and most other irrigation system features would be avoided to the extent
practicable in siting new structures and access roads.
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60
Cultural Resources
Cultural resources would be considered during post-EIS phases of proposed Project
implementation. Surveys would be completed to inventory and evaluate cultural
resources of the Preferred Alternative, or of any components that might be added to the
project, or any existing components that would be modified. These surveys and any
resulting property evaluation and analysis of effects would be conducted in accordance
with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and in consultation
with the SHPO.
61
Electric and Magnetic
Fields
Complaints of radio or television interference generated by the transmission line will be
responded to and appropriate actions taken.
62
Floodplains, Soils,
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Surface restoration would occur in construction areas, material storage yards,
structure sites, spur roads, and existing access roads where ground disturbance
occurs or where recontouring is required.
63
Floodplains, Soils,
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Access roads would be built at right angles to the streams and washes to the extent
practicable. Culverts would be installed where needed. All construction and
maintenance activities would be conducted to minimize disturbance to vegetation and
drainage channels.
64
Floodplains, Soils,
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Excavated material or other construction materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or other watercourse perimeters.
65
Floodplains, Soils,
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Non-biodegradable debris would be collected and removed from the ROW daily and
taken to a disposal facility. Slash and other biodegradable debris would be left in
place or disposed of.
66
Floodplains, Soils,
Water Resources,
Wetlands
All soil excavated for structure foundations would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive drainage around the structure foundations.
Excess soil would be removed from the site and disposed of appropriately. Areas
around structure footings would be reseeded with native plants.
67
Floodplains, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Wherever possible, new structures and access roads would be sited out of floodplains.
Due to the abundance of floodplains and surface water resources in the study area,
complete avoidance may not be possible and Western would consult with U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USAGE).
68
Geology
Geological hazards would be evaluated during final design specification for each
structure location and road construction area. Options would include avoidance of a
poor site by selection of a site with stable conditions or correction of the unstable
slope conditions.
69
Geology, Soils
A California-registered Professional Geotechnical Engineer would evaluate the potential
for geotechnical hazards and unstable slopes on the centerline route and areas of new
road construction or widening on slopes with more than a 15 percent gradient. •
70
Flealth and Safety,
Traffic
Conform with safety requirements for maintaining the flow of public traffic and conduct
construction operations to offer the least possible obstruction and inconvenience to
public transportation.
71
Health and Safety
Comply with all applicable health and safety laws, regulations, and standards.
72
Health and Safety
Post proper signage in areas within the ROW that would require temporary closure or
limited access to accommodate certain land uses.
73
Health and Safety,
Traffic and
Transportation
Mark structures and/or shield wire with highly visible devices for identified locations, as
required by applicable laws and regulations (for example, the Federal Aviation
Administration regulations).
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lA
Land Use
When weather and ground conditions permit, all construction-caused deep ruts that are
hazardous to farming operations and moving equipment would be restored to
preconstruction conditions or compensation would be provided as an alternative if the
landowner desires. Such ruts would be leveled, filled and graded, or otherwise
eliminated in an approved manner. Ruts, scars, and compacted soils from construction
activities in hay meadows, alfalfa fields, pastures, and cultivated productive lands
would be loosened and leveled by scarifying, harrowing, discing, or other appropriate
method. Damage to ditches, tile drains, terraces, roads and other features of the land
would be corrected. The land and facilities would be restored as nearly as practicable to
their original conditions.
75
Land Use
On completion of the work, all work areas except permanent access roads would be
returned to pre-construction conditions unless otherwise specified by the land owner/
manager.
76
Land Use
During construction, movement would be limited to the access roads and within a
designated area in the ROW to minimize damage to agricultural land.
77
Land Use
Construction operations would be conducted to prevent unnecessary destruction, scarring
or defacing of the natural surroundings to preserve the natural landscape to the extent
practicable.
78
Land Use
No permanent discoloring agents would be applied to rocks or vegetation to indicate
limits of survey.
79
Land Use
Damaged fences and gates would be repaired or replaced to restore them to their
preconstruction condition.
80
Land Use
Some land uses occurring within the ROW would require temporary closure or limited
access. Proper signage would be posted in these areas.
81
Land Use
Power lines would span sensitive land uses to the extent possible. Where practical, access
roads would be placed to avoid sensitive areas.
82
Land Use
Where practical, construction activities would be scheduled during periods when
agricultural activities would be minimally affected or the landowner would be
compensated accordingly.
83
Land Use
Structure design and placement would be selected to reduce potential conflicts with
agricultural practices and the amount of land required for transmission lines.
84
Noise
All vehicles and equipment would be equipped with required exhaust noise abatement
suppression devices.
85
Noise
Construction and maintenance activities would be consistent with local noise
ordinances.
86
Paleontological
Resources
Preconstruction surveys of sensitive paleontological areas may be conducted, as agreed
upon by the appropriate land-managing agencies and Western.
87
Socioeconomics
Any land temporarily required for construction of the proposed facilities (such as
conductor pulling sites and material and equipment storage areas) would be arranged
through temporary-use permits or by specific arrangements between the construction
contractor and affected landowners. Arrangements would be made with business
owners to avoid or minimize disruptions in their business (by posting detours and
limiting the area and time of disruption).
88
Socioeconomics
Where new ROW is needed. Western would acquire land rights (easements) in
accordance with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition
Policies Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-646), as amended. Easements would be purchased
through negotiations with landowners at fair market value, based on independent
appraisals. The landowner would normally retain title to the land and could continue to
use the property in ways that would be compatible with the transmission line.
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89
Soils
Erosion control measures would be implemented to prevent loss of soil. Construction
would be in conformance with Western's Integrated Vegetation Management
Environmental Guidance Manual.
90
Soils
If wet areas cannot be avoided. Western would use wide-track or balloon tire vehicles
and equipment and/or timber mats.
91
Soils, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Construction vehicle movement outside of the ROW normally would be restricted to
approved access or public roads.
92
Soils, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Where feasible, all construction activities would be rerouted around wet areas while
ensuring that the route does not cross sensitive resource areas.
93
Soils, Water
Resources, Wetlands
Dewatering work for structure foundations or earthwork operations adjacent to, or
encroaching on, streams or watercourses would be conducted to prevent muddy
water and eroded materials from entering the streams or watercourses.
94
T raffic
Prior to the start of construction. Western would submit traffic control plans to all agencies
with jurisdiction of public roads that would be affected by construction activities.
95
Traffic
Western would restrict all necessary lane closures or obstructions on major roadways
associated with construction activities to off-peak periods to mitigate traffic congestion
and delays.
96
Traffic
Western would ensure that roads or sidewalks damaged by construction activities would
be properly restored to their preconstruction condition.
97
Visual Resources
Transmission line construction design would use monopoles whenever possible, rather
than lattice structures.
98
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Applicable permits, agreements, and certificates for construction in jurisdictional waters or
wetlands would be obtained, e.g. from the USAGE or RWQCB, as needed.
99
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Culverts would be installed where needed to avoid surface water impacts during
construction of transmission line structures. All construction activities would be conducted
in a manner to avoid impacts to water flow.
too
Water Resources,
Wetlands
Runoff from the construction site would be controlled and meet RWQCB storm water
requirements and the conditions of a construction storm water discharge permit. A
storm water pollution prevention plan would be prepared and implemented.
101
Wetlands
In areas where ground disturbance is substantial or where recontouring is required,
vegetation restoration would occur.
3.6 COMPARISON OF
ALTERNATIVES
Table 3-4 presents a summary comparison of discussion can be found in Chapter 4, Affected
impacts by resource topic for each alternative. Full Environment and Environmental Consequences.
3-30
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
• Table 3-4. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Air Quality
Air emission
standards^
Short-term construction
and maintenance
emissions exceed
PM10, NOx.or VOC Air
District thresholds
Short-term NOx emissions would exceed district thresholds^
No
Biological Resources'"''^'''
Giant Garter Snake
Habitat
Effects on giant garter
snakes in rice field
complexes, freshwater
emergent wetlands,
and water bodies
ROW would
cross
270-283
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
261-275
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
281-292
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
272-277
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross
280-297
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross 163
acres of rice
fields
ROW would
cross 236
acres of rice
fields
No
Vernal Pool Habitat
Effects on vernal pool
habitat
ROW would
cross
4.0 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
4.0 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
9.2 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
3.4 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
3.7 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
11.1 acres of
vernal pools
ROW would
cross
11.8 acres of
vernal pools
No
Designated critical
habitat for Central
Valley steelhead and/or
Chinook salmon
Effects on Central
Valley Steelhead
and/or Chinook Salmon
Potential effects on Central Valley Steelhead and Chinook Salmon
No
Sensitive species
Permanent loss of
habitat for sensitive
species
Sensitive species habitat would be permanently removed
No
Cultural Resources'"
Prehistoric cultural
resources, historic
cultural resources, and
TOPS
Impacts to eligible
cultural resources or
TCPs
No""
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-31
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-4. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Electric and Magnetic Fields'^
Corona, field, and
health effect
Exposure to EMF
No'
NA
Environmental Justice'^
Low-income, minority,
or subsistence
populations in the
project area are
disproportionately
affected
Disproportionate
adverse impacts
No'
No
Floodplains*^'
Obstructs, decreased
capacity to convey flows,
destabilization of soils,
alter or impair ability of
floodplains to convey
flows
Increased susceptibility
to flooding
No''
No
Geology"^
Subsidence, landslides,
or seismic hazards
Erosion, subsidence,
landslides, and seismic
hazards
No'
No
Health and Safety*^
Hazardous materials/
waste, electrical
hazards, and fall
hazards
Mishandling hazardous
materials, waste,
herbicides, electrical
contact, and worker
falls
•
No'
No
3-32
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-4. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Land Use'^
Proximity of new ROW
of transmission lines to
residences, loss of prime
farmland, effects on
recreation and open
space, and impacts to
traffic patterns during
construction
Disturbances from
construction or
operation
Short-term construction impacts'^
No
Conflict witti approved
and/or adopted land use
plans
Loss of prime and
unique farmland
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
26 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
22 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
32 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
35 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
30 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
18 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No conflict
with existing
land use
plans.
22 acres of
prime
farmland
would be
removed
No
Noise*^
Noise average day-
nigtit noise levels (Ldn)
Noise from construction
and operation
No'=
No
Paieontological Resources'^
Destruction of
significant fossils
Loss of, or
inaccessibility to,
scientifically important
paieontological
resources
No'
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
3-33
Chapter 3: Alternatives
Table 3-4. Summaty of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Socioeconomics'^
Displace existing
residences or
businesses or
physically divide a
community
Degradation or over¬
commitment of existing
goods and services to
an extent that would limit
the sustainability of
existing communities
Short-term effects:
Disrupting businesses
and affecting income
and employment
Short-term increased employment in the study area
No
Long-term effects:
Loss of farmland and
planned development
Loss of up to
26 acres
farmland and
202 acres of
development
Loss of up to
27 acres
farmland and
206 acres of
development
Loss of up to
32 acres
farmland and
205 acres of
development
Loss of up to
35 acres
farmland and
224 acres of
development
Loss of up to
30 acres
farmland and
202 acres of
development
Loss of up to
18 acres
farmland and
78 acres of
development
Loss of up to
22 acres
farmland and
99 acres of
development
No
Soils''
Erosion, improper
drainage, high water
erodibility, steep
slopes, and compaction
Loss of top soil, steep
slopes, and increase in
soil compaction.
No"
No
Traffic"
Increase traffic load
and capacity of street
system, change of
traffic patterns, conflict
with alternative
transportation
programs, cause traffic
delays, and cause
physical harm to roads
that is not repaired.
Short-term effects:
Traffic delays during
construction
No significant long-term
effects
•
If construction of Segments 2A1 to 2A5 is on the east side of Highway 99,
the alignment would cross Highway 99 once near Catlett Road. If
construction of these segments is on the west side of Highway 99, the
alignment would cross Highway 99 three times; once at Catlett Road, Cross
Canal, and the point corresponding with the eastward selection"
No"
No"
No
3-34
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 3: Alternatives
• Table 3-4. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Visual Resources®
Altering existing
landscapes, effects to
areas of fiigh visual
quality or scenic
landscapes, and
consistency with local
and county general
plans
Long-term effects:
Transmission lines
constructed along areas
with no scenic views or
adjacent to existing
lines
No®
No®
No®
No®
No®
No®
Alternative C,
Segment 2C2
would conflict
with the City
of Roseville's
visual
resource
policy and
result in
significant
indirect and
cumulative
impacts.
No
Water Resources®'®
Erosion, compaction,
and sedimentation or
blockage of drainage;
introduction of debris,
fill, or contamination
into surface water or
groundwater; damage
to irrigation
improvements; and
depletion of water
resources
Sedimentation from
construction
disturbance, blocked
drainage, contaminants
reaching surface water
or groundwater,
damage to irrigation
improvements, and
depleted water
resources.
Western would obtain permits to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations, and the
statewide Construction Storm Water General NPDES Permit, and other applicable permit requirements.® ®
No
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
3-35
Chapter 3; Alternatives
Table 3-4. Summary of Alternative Impacts
Resource Issue
Potential Impacts
Alternative
A1 Impacts
Alternative
A2 Impacts
Alternative
A3 Impacts
Alternative
A4
Impacts
Alternative
A5 Impacts
Alternative
B Impacts
Alternative
C Impacts
No
Action
Wetlands'"''^'®
Degradation of
biological values and
wetland functions from
excavation, fill,
disturbance, or
sedimentation; and
increased access by
humans or invasive
species
Short-term effects from
construction within
wetlands
Long-term effects from
structures sited in
wetlands, vernal pools,
and other Waters of
the United States
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas'"®
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"®
6 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
b 6
areas ■
4 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
10 structures
may be sited
in wetland
b e
areas
7 structures
may be sited
in wetland
areas"'®
No
Source: Burleson 2007
° Western would Implement EPMs In accordance witti air district requirements to minimize Impacts.
" Western would coordinate witfi USFWS as part of their Section 7 consultation and CDFG.
° Western would adhere to EPMs to minimize impacts.
" Western would coordinate removal of elderberry bushes with USFWS.
" The proposed Project would span surface water and riparian habitat and avoid wetlands; however, if they could not be spanned or avoided, Western would coordinate with USAGE, RWQCB, NOAA Fisheries, and USFWS.
' Construction in floodplains may require Western to coordinate with USAGE, RWQGB, and/or the California Reclamation Board.
CDFG = Galifomia Department of Fish and Game
EPM = Environmental Protection Measures
NA = Not Applicable
NO,, = Nitrogen oxides
PMto = Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter
ROD = Record of Decision
ROW = Right-of-Way
RWQGB = Regional Water Quality Control Board
TCP = Traditional cultural property
USAGE = U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
VOG = volatile organic compounds
Western = Western Area Power Administration
3-36
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
CHAPTER 4
Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences
The Affected Environment section for each resource
describes existing conditions in the study area and
includes background on the resource, definition of
the study area, issues of environmental concem, and
a characterization of the study area. The
Environmental Consequences section provides
information on the standards of significance.
Western's and SMUD's EPMs, a description of
impacts, including direct, indirect, and cumulative,
for each alternative, and mitigation measures, if
appropriate. The chapter concludes with discussion
of unavoidable/adverse impacts, short-term use
versus long-term productivity,
irreversible/irretrievable commitment of resources,
and growth-inducing impacts.
Issues identified through public involvement and
during scoping are an integral part of the
environmental analysis. These scoping issues
determine the depth and breadth of environmental
analysis required for the project altematives.
Western uses a "sliding scale" approach when
considering how detailed an analysis is appropriate
for each resource. Resources that are susceptible to
impacts from the construction, maintenance, or
operation of a transmission line are given full
evaluation, while resources where impacts would not
occur or can be easily avoided by facility location or
structure placement are addressed in less detail.
Environmental resource areas evaluated in detail for
the Draft SEIS and EIR include:
• Air
• Biological resources
• Cultural resources
• Electric and magnetic fields
• Environmental justice
• Floodplains
• Geology
• ^ Health and safety
• Land use
• Noise
• Paleontology
• Socioeconomics
• Soils
• Traffic
• Visual resources
• Water resources
• Wetlands
The Environmental Consequences section for each
resource analyzes and explains the environmental
changes that can be expected from implementing the
altematives, including the No Action alternative.
This section forms the scientific and analytic basis
for the Draft SEIS and EIR (Chapter 40 of the Code
of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) 1502.14). It
consolidates the discussions on those elements
described in the Purpose and Need, public
participation, and alternative development and
comparison sections of the Draft SEIS and EIR
(40 CFR 1502.16). SNR uses standard construction
practices and has adopted EPMs to minimize
impacts to the environment. Table 3-3 is a list of the
EPMs appropriate to this SEIS and EIR. They are an
integral part of SNR's construction specifications.
Environmental impacts can be positive (beneficial)
or negative (adverse) as a result of the action (direct)
or as a secondary (indirect) result, and can be
permanent to long-lasting (long-term), or temporary
or of short duration (short-term). For this analysis
short-term impacts were generally assumed to occur
from constmction. Impacts can vary in degree or
magnitude from no change, or only slightly
detectable change, to a total change in the
environmental condition or system once Westem
and participants have implemented the proposed
Project. The assessment identifies impacts, evaluates
impacts based on the standards of significance,
evaluates applicable EPMs, and recommends
mitigation measures if EPMs were insufficient to
reduce an impact. Short-temi construction and long-
term disturbances from Project altematives were
calculated for sensitive habitats, floodplains, prime
and unique farmland, and proposed development in
Appendix B and disturbed acreage is presented in
Table B-1. .
To determine the levels or magnitude of potential
impacts to the environment. Western has developed
standards of significance for each resource. They
include the following guidelines:
• Resource Sensitivity: the probable response of
a particular resource to project-related activities.
• Resource Quantity: the amount of the resource
potentially affected. The Draft SEIS and EIR
quantifies impacted resources to determine the
significance of the impact.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Vl/estem Area Power Administration • Siema Nevada Region
4-1
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
• Resource Quality: the present condition of the
resource potentially affected.
• Duration of Impact: the period of time over
which the resource would be affected, measured
as short-term (up to five years or as defined by
the resource section) or long-term (life of the
project and beyond). The anticipated duration of
some impacts define their significance.
Final site design for the transmission line and access
roads is not complete. Therefore, Western analyzed
impacts for this SETS and EIR using several project
assumptions. These assumptions are generally
conservative and suggest more impact than would
actually be realized by the proposed Project. For
example, assumptions were made that access roads
would be 15 feet wide and located along and within
the entire length of the transmission line ROW.
While permanent access is needed for each structure,
some access roads to the structures may be spur
roads from existing roads. Some structures may be
located immediately adjacent to existing roads. Also,
the extent possible, travel to and from construction
activities would be by overland travel and simple
roads and trails. The result is that total impacts for
actual activities of the proposed Project would be
reduced from those presented in this SEIS and EIR.
4.1 AIR QUALITY
4.1.1 Affected Environment
Air quality is regulated by Federal Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), state (California Regional
Air Resources Board (GARB)) and local air districts.
The Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) (42 U.S.C. §§
7401- 7661, as amended) required EPA to establish
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
(see 40 CFR Part 50). The NAAQS include both
primary (protective of human health) and secondary
(protective of property and natural ecosystems)
standards for*"criteria" pollutants such as ozone
(O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter
less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PMio). These
pollutants are called "criteria" air pollutants because
EPA has established standards for each pollutant to
be controlled to meet specific public health and
welfare criteria. Based on the NAAQS, EPA
established criteria for designating the air quality in
specific geographic regions. Regions with air
pollutant levels that exceed NAAQS are designated
as "nonattainment" and regions with air pollutant
levels that are less than or equal to NAAQS are
designated as "attainment." The State of California
has adopted standards known as the California
Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) that are
typically more stringent than NAAQS. Table 4.1-1
presents a comparison of Federal and state standards.
EPA has final responsibility for ensuring that all
areas of the United States meet, or are making
progress toward meeting, the NAAQS. All states
must submit State Implementation Plans (SIP) for
nonattainment areas to demonstrate how they will
meet NAAQS within the required time frame.
CARB oversees the activities of regional and county
air districts. Each air quality district prepares a
portion of the SIP and EPA decides whether to
approve the SIP. Each district is also responsible for
establishing rules and implementation measures to
regulate air quality. The districts accomplish this by
developing permitting systems for existing, new, and
modified stationary sources; monitoring air quality;
and enforcing the rules, as necessary. Air districts
are responsible for developing guidance to regulate
emission sources; therefore, each district publishes
emission thresholds. Projects with emissions of
regulated pollutants that exceed district threshold
levels are required to control emissions to the lowest
extent possible. Because O3 is a major pollutant of
concern, air districts have emission thresholds for
the precursor compounds that contribute to
formation of O3 in the atmosphere: nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and reactive organic gases (ROG), also referred
to as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Examples
of ROGWOC are benzene, xylene, propane, and
aldehydes. These thresholds are presented in Table
4.1-2.
The CAA requires Federal agencies to ensure that
actions conform to the approved air quality *
implementation plans within federally designated
nonattainment regions. EPA has established general
conformity regulations (40 CFR Part 93, Subpart B)
containing procedures and criteria for determining
whether a proposed Federal action would conform to
CAA implementation plans. General conformity
rates applicable to the proposed Project, measured in
tons per year, are presented in Table 4.1-2. EPA
requires that projects with emissions that exceed
general conformity rates adopt enforceable emission
control measures that reduce applicable pollutant
emissions to the maximum extent possible.
4-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
Table 4.1-1. Relevant Federal and California Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant
Averaging Time
California AAQS® ''
National AAQS
Primary'''''^
National AAQS
Secondary
Ozone (O3)'
1 hour
0.09 ppm
(180 pgW)
—
Same as Primary
Standard
8 hours
0.070 ppm
(137 pgW)
0.08 ppm
(157 pg/m')
Resplrable
Paiiiculate Matter
(PM10)
24 hours
50 pg/m^
150 pg/m^
Same as Primary
Standard
Annual
Arithmetic Mean
20 pg/m^
50 pg/m^
Fine Particulate
Matter (PM 2.5)'
24 hours
—
65 pg/m^
Same as Primary
Standard
Annual
Arithmetic Mean
12 pg/m^
15 pg/m^
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
8 hours
9 ppm (10 mg/m^)
9 ppm (10 mg/m^)
None
1 hour
20 ppm (23 mg/m^)
35 ppm (40 mg/m^)
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)''
Annual
Arithmetic Mean
0.030 ppm
(57 pg/m')
0.053 ppm
(100 pg/m^)
Same as Primary
Standard
1 hour
0.18 ppm
(338 pg/m^)
—
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Annual
Arithmetic Mean
—
0.030 ppm
(80 pg/m^)
—
24 hours
0.04 ppm
(105 pgW)
0.14 ppm
(365 pg/m^)
—
3 hours
—
0.5 ppm
(1,300 pgW)
1 hour
0.25 ppm
(655 pg/m^)
—
Visibility-Reducing
Particles
8 Hours
Extinction coefficient
of 0.23 per kilometer
- visibility of 10 miles
or more when relative
humidity is less than
70%.
Source: CARB 2007a
® Title 17, California Code of Regulations (CFR). California Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3, CO, SO2 (1- and 24- hour), NO2, suspended particulate matter
(PM10 and PM2 5), and visibility-reducing particles are values that are not to be exceeded.
" 40 CFR Part 50. National Ambient Air Quality Standards, other than those for O3, PM, and those based on annual averages, are not to be exceeded more than
once a year. The O3 standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-hour concentration in a year, averaged over 3 years, is equal to or less than the
standard. For PM,o, the 24-hour standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year, with a 24-hour average concentration above
150 pg/m^ is equal to or less than 1. For Pl\/l2.5, the 24-hour standard is attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations, averaged over 3 years, is equal to or
less than the standard.
"^•Concentrations are expressed first in units in which they were promulgated. Equivalent units are given in parentheses and based upon a reference temperature of
25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torn All measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference temperature of 25''C and a reference pressure of
760 torr; ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or micromoles of pollutant per mole of gas.
" National Primary Standards: the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health
® National Secondary Standards: the levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant
' The EPA promulgated new Federal 8-hour O3 and PM2.5 standards on July 18,1997. The Federal 1-hour O3 standard continues to apply in areas that violate the
standard.
^ NO2 is the compound reguiated as a criteria poliutant; however, emissions are usually based on the sum of all oxides of nitrogen or NOx.
AAQS = Ambient air quality standards
mg/m' = Milligrams per cubic meter
ppm = Parts per million
pg/m' = Micrograms per cubic meter
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-3
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
Table 4.1-2. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Air District Status
Project Segments*
FRAQMD
PCAPCD
SMAQMD
SVS Project Air District Jurisdiction
Alternative A1
X
X
Alternative A2
X
X
Alternative A3
X
X
Alternative A4
X
X
Alternative A5
X
X
Alternative B
X
X
X
Alternative C
X
X
X
O'Banion Substation
X
Elverta/Natomas Substations
X
Ozone
Federal Attainment Status
Serious Nonattainment
(8-hour)
Serious Nonattainment
(8-hour)
Serious Nonattainment
(8-hour)
California Attainment Status
Serious Nonattainment
(1-hour)
Serious Nonattainment
(1- and 8-hour)
Serious Nonattainment
(1- and 8-hour)
NOx (Ozone Precursor)
EPA General Conformity
Threshold Rate
50 tons/year
50 tons/year
50 tons/year
Air District Construction
Threshold Rate
25 lb/day
82 lb/day
85 lb/day
VOC/ROG (Ozone Precursor)
EPA General Conformity
Threshold Rate—VQC
50 tons/year
50 tons/year
50 tons/year
Air District Construction
Threshold Rate—ROG
25 lb/day
82 lb/day
None
PMio
Federal Attainment Status
Moderate Nonattainment
Moderate Nonattainment
Moderate Nonattainment
California Attainment Status
Nonattainment
Nonattainment
Nonattainment
EPA Generat Conformity
Threshold Rate
100 tons/year
100 tons/year
100 tons/year
Air District Construction
Threshold Rate
80 lb/day
82 lb/day
50 pig/m^
Source: Backus 2006, CARS 2006, EPA 2006, FRAQMD 2006, SMAQMD 2006.
* There is no appreciable difference In air emissions between the route option east vs. west of SR 99.
EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FRAQMD = Feather River Air Quality Management District
lb/day = Pound per Day
N0„ = Nitrogen oxides
PCAPCD = Placer County Air Pollution Control District
ROG = Reactive organic gas
SMAQMD = Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District
SVS = Sacramento Area Voltage Support
PM,o = Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers In diameter
pg/m^ = Micrograms per cubic meter
VQC = Volatile organic compound
4-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
4.1.1.1 Resource Study Area
Figure 4.1-1 shows the study area in relationship to
the air districts. The study area is located within
three air districts:
• Feather River Air Quality Management District
(FRAQMD)
• Placer County Air Pollution Control District
(PCAPCD)
• Sacramento Metropolitan Air Qxiality
Management District (SMAQMD)
4.1.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concem for air quaUty would
be short-term pollutant emissions related to vehicle
exhaust and particulates generated by soil-disturbing
activities during construction and maintenance.
Table 4.1-2 presents construction emission thresholds,
based on maximxun daily emissions, for each air
district.
4.1.1.3 Characterization
The study area experiences hot summers, mild
winters, infrequent rainfalls, moderate breezes, and
low humidity. Prevailing winds are southerly for all
months except November, when the winds typically
blow from the north. Topographical features, light
winds and minimal vertical mixing hinder the
dispersal of air pollutants in the study area.
Temperature inversions trap pollutants near the
ground and commonly elevate air pollutant levels.
EPA and the state have designated the entire study
area as an area of nonattainment for O3 and PMio.
The study area is designated as attainment for all
other regulated pollutants.
The CARS collects ambient air quality data through
a network of air monitoring stations around the state.
Tables 4.1-3 and 4.1-4 provide a sxunmary of the air
quality data collected from air monitoring stations
nearest to the project in each of the affected
counties. The Placer County data are from
PCAPCD's Roseville monitoring station, the
Sacramento County data are from SMAQMD's
Airport Road monitoring station, and the Sutter
County data are from FRAQMD's Yuba City
monitoring station. The air monitoring data show that
the area is consistently in violation of air quality
standards.
4.1.2 Environmental Consequences
4.1.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on air resources would occur
under the following conditions:
• Emissions would contribute to new violations of
standards for ambient air quality.
• Emissions would increase the frequency or
severity of existing violations.
• Emissions would delay timely attainment of
standards.
The proposed Project's primary issues would be
short-term pollutant emissions related to vehicle
exhaust and particulates generated by soil-
disturbing activities during construction and
maintenance. Vehicles and intemal combustion-
powered equipment, such as graders, excavators,
dozers, scrapers, tractors, water trucks, and
associated equipment, would generate CO, NOx,
SO2, VOC/ROG, PMio, and particulate matter less
than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) exhaust
emissions. Earth clearing, grading and traffic on the
site also would generate PMio and PM2.5.
4.1.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for air resomces from Table 3-3 include the
following:
1. Western would adhere to all requirements of
those entities having jmisdiction over air quality
matters and obtain any permits needed for
construction activities. Open burning of
construction trash would not be allowed.
2. Project participants would use reasonably
practicable methods and devices to control,
prevent, and otherwise minimize atmospheric
emissions or discharges of air contaminants.
3. Visible emissions from all off-road diesel-
powered eqmpment would not exceed 40
percent opacity for more than 3 minutes in any 1
hour.
4. Equipment and vehicles that show excessive
emissions of exhaust gases caused by poor
engine adjiistments or other inefficient operating
conditions would not be operated until
corrective repairs or adjustments were made.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-5
I
/
/
r
/
Feather River Air Quality
Management District
Placer County Air Pollution
Control District
\
\
I
J
s N
/ I
sJ"
Yolo-Solano Counties Air Pollution
Control District
Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality
Management District
Westsn
GIS
SMrra Ntvinta
Rogioft
OmclAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
tw Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C J62)
Exemption 2 - Clrcunrventlon of statute.
Western review required before pui)llc release.
Name/Org: Guleeon Corwjitng Data: 02f2Qf2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared In accordanoe vUth
profession^ practloe standards. Data Is only as accurate as Its primary
aouroe and is spatially relat}\«-grade. It should not replace or be used h
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and ere Intended for
planning ar>d analysis only. No reproducdcn or copying d this product is
allowed wRhoUthe sole cxmaent ofWAPA/DOE.
Source: SNR, GDI, California Spatial Information Ubraty
Segment
mmmm 2A2
MS* 2A3
—- 2M
MM. 2A5
2B
2Ci
2C2
J.
Air District
[ I Feather River
E]
} I Sacramento Metro
[ 1 Yolo-Solano
Western Substation
CH Existing Transmission Una
Natomas Substation
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.1-1
Air Quality Districts
1:200,000
1 0
N
A
y Yubal
SuttarN.
Placer
Yolo
-J
\
Sacramento
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
Table 4.1-3 Summary of Local Ozone Data
County/
Year
Days Over Ozone Standard^
Maximum Concentration Recorded (ppm)
State
1-hour
(0.09 ppm)
National
8-hour
(0.08 ppm)
1-Hour
8-Hour
Placer County
2006
16
9
0.121
0.097
2005
13
9
0.118
0.106
2004
5
1
0.106
0.085
2003
13
5
0.133
0.109
2002
21
11
0.131
0.105
Sacramento County
2006
8
3
0.243
0.092
2005
4
1
0.100
0.087
2004
0
0
0.090
0.072
2003
2
1
0.097
0.085
2002
4
0
0.100
0.081
Sutter County
2006
1
0
0.102
0.081
2005
0
0
0.092
0.073
2004
2
0
0.098
0.081
2003
0
0
0.090
0.079
2002
3
3
0.108
0.090
Source: CARB Board 2007b
' Generally, state and national standards are not to be exceeded more than once per year,
ppm = Parts per million
5. Vehicles and equipment used in construction
and maintenance of the proposed Project or
alternatives would maintain appropriate
emissions control equipment and be
appropriately permitted.
6. Road construction would include dust-control
measures such as watering and other approved
suppressing agents for limiting dust generation.
7. Fill material storage piles would include dust-
control measures such as water or chemical
suppressants.
8. Ground surfaces that have been significantly
disturbed would be seeded appropriately to
prevent wind dispersion of soil.
9. Removal of vegetation and ground disturbance
would be limited to the minimum area necessary
to complete proposed Project construction
activities. Vegetative cover would be maintained
on all other portions of the proposed Project
area.
10. Regular watering of exposed soils and unpaved
access roads would be conducted! during the
construction period.
11. Grading activities would cease during periods of
high winds (greater than 20 miles per hour
averaged over 1 hour).
12. Trucks transporting loose material would be
covered or would maintain at least 2 feet of
freeboard and not create any visible dust
emissions.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-7
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
Table 4.1-4. Summary of Local PMio Data
Estimated Days Over
PMio Standard®
Annual Average
High 24-Hour Average
National
(150 pg/m^)
state
(50 pg/m^)
National
State
National
State
Placer County
2006
*
*
9.5
*
26
27
2005
0
5.8
19.1
19.6
55
58
2004
0
0
21.6
22.1
43
43
2003
0
6.1
21
21.3
58
59
2002
0
6.1
24.6
25.2
58
61
Sacramento County
2006
*
*
10.9
*
39
52.2
2005
0
27.5
20.4
30.4
56
99.8
2004
0
0
19.6
20.5
47
87.1
2003
*
*
20.7
*
57
123
2002
0
24.5
15
26
144.8
73
Sutter County
2006
*
*
6.3
*
32
34
2005
0
31.1
24.7
25
59
60
2004
♦
*
17
*
53
53
2003
0
30.7
13
26.4
81
83
2002
0
24.5
15.5
31.8
74
75
Source: CARS 2007b
' Generally, state and national standards are not to tte exceeded more than once per year.
* There was insufficient (or no) data available to determine the value
PMto = Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter
ppm = Parts per million
13. Excessive engine idling will be minimized
according to Placer County and City of
Sacramento regulations.
14. A comprehensive inventory (e.g., make, model,
year and emission rating) would be submitted to
the relevant air districts of all the heavy-duty
off-road equipment (50 horsepower or greater)
that would be used in aggregate of 40 or more
hours for the construction project. The inventory
shall be updated and submitted monthly
throughout the duration of the project, except
that an inventory shall not be required for any
30-day period in which no construction activity
occurs. At least 48 hours prior to the use of
subject heavy-duty off-road equipment, the
project representative shall provide the air
districts with the anticipated construction
timeline, including start date, name and phone
number of the project manager and on-site
foreman. Heavy-duty equipment would meet the
standard emissions reduction of 20 percent NOx
and 45 percent PMio compared to the most
recent CARB fleet average at the time of
construction.
4.1.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Impacts from altematives would primarily be from
construction emissions, including grading, site
clearing, dust from traffic, digging and filling, and
concrete operations. Western used established
emission factors approved by Federal, state, and
local agencies to estimate maximum proposed
Project emissions from construction. Western used
projected construction activities, typical equipment
use (as presented in Table 3-2), and proposed
4-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
construction sequencing (as presented in
Table 4.1-5) to estimate maximum construction
emissions for each alternative. Westem then
compared maximum daily emissions, determined
from the construction month having the highest
emissions, against each district's applicable
construction emission threshold. Activities among
alternatives would be very similar and there would
be no appreciable difference in air emissions
between the route option east or west of SR 99.
Substation upgrades would occur before or after
transmission line construction and were not included
in Table 4.1-5.
Table 4.1-5. Proposed Construction Sequencing for Emission Calculations
Line Section
Month 1
Month 2
Month 3
Month 4
Month 5
Month 6
1
(Segment 1)
ROW (gates
and clearing)
Excavation,
foundations
Steel haul-out,
assembly, and
structure
erection
Stringing
Cleanup,
revegetatlon
2
(Segment 1)
ROW (gates
and clearing)
Excavation,
foundations
Steel haul-out,
assembly, and
structure
erection
Stringing
Cleanup,
revegetatlon
3
(Segment 2)
ROW (gates
and clearing),
build new
access roads
Excavation,
foundations
Steel haul-out,
assembly and
structure
erection
Stringing
Cleanup,
revegetatlon
4
(Segment 2)
ROW (gates
and clearing),
build new
access roads
Excavation,
foundations
Steel haul-out,
assembly and
structure
erection
Stringing
Cleanup,
revegetatlon
5
(Segment 3)
ROW (gates
and clearing)
Excavation
Foundations
Steel haul-out,
assembly,
structure
erection, and
stringing
Cleanup,
revegetatlon,
and steel haul-
out
Source: Western 2007a
ROW = Right of Way
Assumptions for Emission Calculations:
Assume dividing project into five sections (approximately 20% of project length - 8 miles each)
Assume starting at the north and working south (starting at Segment 1)
Assume PM,o fugitive dust from access road construction occurs in Month 2
Assume one foundation per day
Assume maximum of 1 mile of access road constructed per day =1.8 acres disturbed/day in road construction = 9 lbs/day PMio from Sacramento Metropolitan
Air Quality Management District Road Construction Model Version 5.2
Many air districts differentiate between construction
and operational emissions, recognizing that
construction emission impacts are short-term and
operational impacts are long-term. Estimated emissions
are based on constmction activities and are compared to
each air district's construction emission threshold. As
presented in Table 4.1-6, NOx would exceed emission
thresholds for all alternatives. Emissions from ROG
are below emission thresholds for all districts. Emissions
for PMioare below emission thresholds for FRAQMD
and PCAPCD. Emissions for PMio, as predicted in
pounds per day (lb/day), do not directly correlate to
SMAQMD's concentration-based threslTbld of 50
micrograms per cubic meter (pg/m^). SMAQMD
recognizes that most PMio emissions from this type of
construction operations are caused by ground-disturbing
operations. By limiting the area of ground disturbed
daily and following Western's EPMs, PMio emissions
would not be considered significant by SMAQMD.
Monthly and total project direct emissions are
presented in Table 4.1-7. The results are presented
for Alternative C, which would have the highest
emissions based on length and access roads. All
altematives would have maximum ROG and NOx
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration * Sierra Nevada Region
4-9
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
Table 4.1-6 Dally Emission Comparison
Maximum Dally Emissions
Pollutant (lb/day)
Alternative
ROG
NOx
PMio
A1
16.4
114.2
12.1
A2
16.4
114.2
12.1
A3
16.4
114.2
12.1
A4
16.5
115.7
12.1
A5
16.3
113.4
12.0
B
16.3
113.0
12.0
C
16.7
119.1
12.2
O'Banion Substation*
3.0
21.0
0.6
Elverta/Natomas
Substation*
2.2
13.1
0.4
Air District Emission Thresholds
Pollutant (lb/day)
District
ROG
NOx
PMio
FRAQMD
25
25
90
PCAPCD
82
82
82
SMAQMD
none
85
50
Source: Western 2007a
* Substation upgrades would not be concun-ent with transmission line construction.
FRAQMD = Feather River Air Quality Management District
NO, = nitrogen oxides
lb/day = Pounds per day
PCAPCD: Placer County Air Pollution Control District
PMio = Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter
ROG = Reactive organic gas
SMAQMD = Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District
pg/m' = Micrograms per cubic meter
Table 4.1-7 Monthly and Total Project Emissions
Month
Pollutant (lb/month)
ROG
NOx
PMio
Month 1
50
296
9
Month 2
336
2,661
303
Month 3
396
2,957
85
Month 4
353
2,757
83
Month 5
248
1,626
51
Month 6
167
1,003
32
Q'Banion Substation*
75
524
16
Elverta/Natomas Substation*
54
327
10
Project Total (lbs)
1,679
12,151
589
Project Total (tons)
0.8
6.1
0.3
EPA Conformity Threshold (tons/year)
50
50
100
Source: Western 2007a
* Substation upgrades would not be concurrent with transmission line construction.
ROG: Reactive organic gas
NO,: Nitrogen oxides
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emissions are calculated for Alternative C.
lb/month: pounds per month
PMio: Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter
4-10
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.1: Air Quality
emissions in Months 3 and 4, during foundation
pouring, resulting from maximum equipment present.
All alternatives would have maximum PMio emissions
during access road construction in Month 2. Substation
upgrades would not exceed emission thresholds. Total
proposed Project emissions, however, are less than
EPA conformity thresholds; therefore, a conformity
determination is not required.
While implementation of EPMs would reduce NO^,
PMio, and ROG emissions to the maximum extent
practical, NOx emissions still could exceed the
districts' threshold values. Because of the linear
nature of the proposed Project, constmction emissions
would be sporadic and spread over the proposed
Project area. Emissions would not be expected to
contribute to new violations of standards for ambient
air quality, or increase the frequency or severity of
existing violations. Emissions would not be expected
to contribute to local air districts attainment of
standards. Western has adopted a proactive stance by
implementing EPMs that mirror measures
recommended by the air districts. Therefore, the
project would comply with air district requirements.
Westem expects that NOx, PMio, and ROG emissions
would actually be less than the estimated emissions
presented in this SVS SETS and EIR. The
assumptions made in calculations assume the
maximum daily equipment usage, based on a worst-
case scenario. These maximum emissions do not
include use of EPMs that would reduce emissions.
Emission calculations are found in Western's
Estimated Emissions for the Sacramento Area
Voltage Support Supplemental Environmental
Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report
Project and Alternatives (Westem 2007a).
4.1.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Transmission lines would not be constructed under
the No Action Altemative. Therefore, air emissions
would not increase and no significant impacts would
occur from construction.
4.1.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
The Sacramento Valley is shaped like a bowl,
contributing to the inversion layer that traps
pollutants close to the ground, causing unhealthy air
quality levels. Currently, vehicles and other mobile
sources, including trucks, trains, buses, motorcycles,
and agricultural and construction equipment, cause
approximately 70 percent of the region's air
pollution problem.
Past and present land use in the proposed Project
area has been primarily agricultural. Agricultural
operations contribute primarily to PMio emission
violations of NAAQS and CAAQS in the area from
ground disturbances and rice buming. The Connelly-
Areias-Chandler Rice Straw Burning Reduction Act
of 1991 mandated that rice straw buming in the
Sacramento Valley be phased down starting in 1992.
Rice buming currently is allowed only under
specified conditions for disease control.
Future planned development may change the
proposed Project area from agricultural to residential,
commercial, and industrial development uses. This
shift in land use will change emissions to primarily
vehicular exhaust and industrial emissions (ROG,
CO, and NOx).
Total maximum proposed Project emissions would
contribute less than 0.1 percent to the annual
emissions inventory for the Sacramento region.
Constmction and vehicular emissions, while meeting
air district requirements, would still cause a small
increase in O3 precursor emissions, resulting in a
minor direct, temporary adverse effect.
An increase in vehicular emissions from future
development and population growth would have an
indirect, permanent adverse impact on the air quality
in the Sacramento Region. However, continued
efforts from CARB and local air districts; mitigation
measures, including use of best available control
technology; and lower-emission vehicles may help
to lower the impacts from emissions.
The proposed Project's contribution to foreseeable
regional air emissions, as presented above for O3, is
not expected to be considerable. The conversion of
farmland to development would result in a reduction
in PMio emissions from the decrease in ground
disturbances and rice buming. All fores«eable
projects would have to undergo local air district
review and follow their mitigations; therefore, no
significant cumulative air quality impacts would
occur.
4.1.2.6 Impacts Summary
While minor differences exist in emission levels
among the alternatives, no significant direct,
indirect, or cumulative impacts would occur for air
quality from any altemative.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-11
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
4.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
4.2.1 Affected Environment
The biological resources section focuses on plant
and animal species' habitats within the proposed
study area. Biological resources were evaluated by
reviewing existing literature, discussing
species-specific information with agencies, and
conducting surveys of the study area. Biological
surveys were completed to assist in determining the
presence of the plants, animals, and habitats that
Federal and state resource management agencies
consider deserving of special consideration in
resource planning and development activities.
Meandering pedestrian surveys were conducted
systematically down each segment by 2 to 4
qualified biologists. Wildlife observations and
habitat characterizations, including a wetland
assessment, were recorded. Indications of wildlife
presence were noted, including direct sightings, scat,
tracks, burrows, and other signs. Vegetation
communities were characterized in the field and
mapped on aerial photographs. Surveys were
restricted to areas with right-of-entry. Segments 1
and 2A were surveyed during one week in December
2005, one and a half weeks in January, two weeks in
February, and one week in March 2006. Segments
2A, 2B, 2C, and 3 were surveyed during one week in
August, September, and October 2006, respectively.
The Segment 2 A route option west of Highway 99
was surveyed during two days in April 2007. Of the
117 alternative ROW miles, 36 miles were not
surveyed because right-of-entry was not granted
from land owners. These areas were assessed from
adjacent roadways and aerial photographs. Table
D-1 in Appendix D summarizes observed habitat
within the study area.
4.2.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for biological resources is defined as
transmission liife Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4,
2A5, 2B, 2C, and 3 from O'Banion Substation to
Natomas Substation with a 125-foot ROW and a
500-foot buffer (see Maps C-1 to -12 in
Appendix C). In some cases, the survey width
extends beyond the proposed buffer if biological
resources of concern could be impacted.
4.2.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concern include areas of
designated critical habitat, essential fish habitat,
special-status wildlife and plants, and sensitive
habitat types, as well as non-threatened or
endangered species and habitat. These issues are
described in detail below.
Designated Critical Habitat
Critical habitat was identified as an issue of concern
by both EPA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS). Critical habitat is defined in 50 CFR
424.02 as "the specific areas within the geographic
area currently occupied by a species, at the time it is
listed in accordance with the Federal Endangered
Species Act {ES,K) of 1973 (16U.S.C. §§ 1531-
1599), on which are found those physical or
biological features essential to the conservation of
the species and that may require special management
considerations or protection." Either USFWS or the
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) may
designate critical habitat.
Essential Fish Habitat-Maanuson-Stevens
Fisheries Conservation and
Management Act
The Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and
Management Act (16 U.S.C. §§1801, et
seq.), as amended, established procedures intended
to identify, conserve, and enhance Essential Fish
Habitat (EFH) for those species regulated under a
fisheries management plan. Furthermore, the act
provides that Federal agencies must consult with
NMFS on all actions, or proposed actions,
authorized, funded, or undertaken by the agency, that
may adversely affect EFH.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
Special-status species are those plants and animals
that are of concern to Federal, Tribal, and state
resource management agencies. Special-status species
that may occur in the study area were identified by •
searching the California Department of Fish and
Game (CDFG) Califomia Natural Diversity
Database (CNDDB) and from correspondence with
USFWS and NMFS (refer to Appendix D for the
CNDDB results and agency letters). The CNDDB
was searched for each U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) 7.5-minute quadrangle within the study
area. Special-status species that are likely to occur in
the Project study area, include Califomia or federally
listed, proposed and candidate species; species
afforded protection under the Fish and Game Code
of California; Federal and CDFG "Species of
Special Concern"; highest and second priority lists;
4-12
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
and California Native Plant Society (CNPS)
Lists 1-3.
Sensitive Habitat Types
Wetlands, including vernal pools, freshwater
emergent (a plant that is rooted below the water but
has foliage that extends above the water level)
wetlands, riparian corridors (habitat or areas, usually
adjacent to rivers, streams, or lakes, where the
vegetation and microclimate are heavily influenced
by water), and slow-moving canals with emergent
marsh and woody riparian vegetation are habitats of
concern within the study area. Vernal pools occur
seasonally in landscape depressions where there is a
layer of hardpan under the soil that prevents water
from draining. Vemal pools provide habitat for a
number of protected, endangered, threatened,
proposed, and candidate species that have adapted to
periodic inundation. These include several species of
vernal pool fairy and tadpole shrimp, as well as rare
endemic plants.
Freshwater emergent wetlands are dominated by
rooted herbaceous hydrophytes. These plants are
typically perennial (lasting two seasons or more) and
can tolerate water at their base, but they cannot
survive long periods in which they are completely
submerged. Freshwater emergent wetlands are
important habitats for feeding, nesting, spawning,
and resting cover for fish and wildlife, including
many rare and endangered species. The presence of
freshwater wetlands in a watershed helps reduce
flood damage by slowing and storing flood water
and can act as a sink (a place in the environment
where a compound or material collects) for
pollutants, thus preserving the quality of surface
waters.
Riparian corridors contain plant species that are
considered mesophytic (a plant that tolerates both dry
and wet conditions). These include cottonwood
(Populus sp.), willow (Salix sp.), sycamore
{Platanus sp.), and other herbaceous and woody
vegetation. Riparian corridors are sensitive because
of their proximity to aquatic systems. Ground
disturbance in riparian corridors can lead to erosion
and the subsequent increase in sedimentation that
would decrease water quality in these areas and
downstream. Plant roots help anchor and stabilize
soil, and aboveground riparian vegetation provides
resistance to flood water, thereby lessening the
adverse effects of flooding (Darby 1999). Removal
of vegetation within riparian corridors could,
therefore, increase the adverse effects of flooding.
4.2.1.3 Characterization
The following section presents a characterization of
habitat types, critical habitat, and plant and animal
species found in the study area. Each segment within
the study area is then described based on these
habitat types.
Habitat Types and Associated Plant Species
Eleven different habitat types occur within the
study area. In general, habitat types were
categorized based on Preliminary Descriptions of the
Terrestrial Natural Communities of California
(Holland 1986). Riverine, lacustrine, pasture,
cropland, orchard/vineyard, and urban habitat types,
which could not be categorized using Holland
(1986), were categorized based on A Guide to
Wildlife Habitats of California (Mayer and
Laudenslayer 1988). Brief descriptions of these
habitat types and associated plant species are
provided below and are included in Appendix C (see
Maps C-1 to -12).
• Cropland - Cropland habitat is typically a
monoculture; that is, a single species growing in
a given space. Most croplands support annuals
planted in spring and harvested during summer
or fall. In many areas, second crops are
commonly planted after the first are harvested
(Zeiner 1988a). Cropland present within the
study area includes row crops, pasture, and grain
crops. A major portion of the cropland in the
study area is used for rice fields, which provide
habitat for waterfowl and the giant garter snake,
because they are flooded.
• Freshwater emergent wetland - These wetlands
are characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous
hydrophytic (water-loving) vegetation.
Dominant plants are generally perennials up to
7 feet high (Cowardin, et al. 1979). Freshwater
emergent wetlands are flooded frequently and
the plants found there must be able to tolerate an
absence of oxygen (anaerobic environment)
around their roots. Additional detail regarding
this habitat type is provided in Sections 4.6 and
4.17, which address floodplains and wetlands,
respectively.
• Great Valley Cottonwood Riparian Forest -
This habitat type is a dense, broad-leaved,
deciduous (plants that shed their leaves at the
end of the growing season) riparian forest
dominated by Fremont cottonwood {Populus
fremontii) and Gooddings willow {Salix
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
gooddingii variabilis). The understory is dense,
with abundant reproduction of canopy-dominant
species. California wild grape {Vitis californica)
is the most conspicuous vine. Scattered
seedlings of shade-tolerant species, such as box-
elder (Acer negundo californica) or Oregon ash
(Fraxinus latifolia), may be found within this
riparian forest, but frequent flooding prevents
their reaching into the canopy (Holland 1986).
• Great Valley Riparian Scrub - This shrub-
dominated habitat type is characterized as an
open-to-dense, broadleaved, winter-deciduous
streamside thicket dominated by any of several
willow (Salix) species, including narrow-leafed
willow (Salix exigua), red willow (Salix
laevigata), arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis),
Goodding's black willow (Salix gooddingii
variabilis), California button willow (Salix sp.),
as well as blue elderberry (Sambucus Mexicana),
verbena (Verbena sp.), and Himalayan
blackberry (Rubus discolor). This habitat is
widespread along major rivers and smaller
streams throughout the Great Valley watershed,
usually below 1,000 feet in elevation (Holland
1986).
• Lacustrine - Lacustrine habitats are inland
depressions or dammed riverine channels
containing standing water. They may vary from
small ponds of less than 2 acres to large areas
covering several square miles. Depth can vary
from a few inches to hundreds of feet.
Lacustrine habitats include permanently flooded
lakes and reservoirs, intermittent lakes, and ponds
(Grenfell 1988a). Ponds are the main lacustrine
habitat type in the study area.
• Non-native Grassland - A dense-to-sparse
cover of annual grasses (plants that germinate,
mature, set seed, and die in 1 year) typifies this
habitat type. It is often associated with numerous
species of ^owy-flowered, native annual forbs
("wildflowers"), especially in years of favorable
rainfall. Germination occurs with the onset of
the late fall rains; growth, flowering, and seed-
set occur from winter through spring. With few
exceptions, the plants are dead through the
summer-fall dry season, persisting as seeds
(Holland 1986).
• Orchard/Vineyard - Orchards are typically
single-species, tree-dominated habitats.
Depending on the tree type and pruning
methods, they may be low bushy trees or taller
species with a closed canopy. Both have an open
understory to facilitate harvest. Vineyards are
composed of single species planted in rows,
usually supported on wood and wire trellises.
Vines are normally intertwined in the rows but
are open between rows. The ground under the
vines is usually sprayed with herbicide to
prevent growth of unwanted plants (Schultze
1988).
• Pasture - Pasture vegetation is usually a mix of
annual and perennial grasses and legumes that
normally provide nearly 100 percent ground
cover. The mix of grasses and legumes varies
according to management practices, such as seed
mixture, fertilization, soil type, irrigation
practices, weed control, and livestock type on the
pasture (Zeiner 1988b).
• Riverine - Riverine habitats are intermittent or
continually running water, such as rivers and
streams (Grenfell 1988b). Within the study area,
riverine habitats vary from large rivers, such as
the Feather River, to intermittent streams, such
as Coon Creek.
• Urban - The structure of urban vegetation varies
with the following five types of vegetative
structure: tree grove, street strip, shade
tree/lawn, lawn, and shrub cover. Tree groves
are common in city parks, greenbelts, and
cemeteries. Strips of trees along streets show
variation in spacing of trees, depending on the
species, design and landowner preferences.
Lawns are structurally the most uniform
vegetation of the California urban habitat. Shrub
cover is more limited in distribution than the
other structural types; hedges represent a
variation of the urban shrub cover type. Species
composition varies with planting design and •
climate (McBride and Reid 1988).
• Vernal Pool — Vernal pools consist of grass- or
mud-bottomed swales, earth sumps, or basalt
flow depression pools in unplowed grasslands
(USFWS 1992) with an impermeable layer. The
impermeable layer allows the pools to retain
water much longer than the surrounding uplands;
nonetheless, the pools are shallow enough to dry
up each season. Vernal pools may fill and empty
several times during the rainy season (California
Environmental Resources Evaluation System
2007). This habitat type is important in the
Central Valley of California because only plants
and animals that are adapted to this cycle of wet
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
and dry can survive in vernal pools. A number
of protected plant and animal species rely on
vernal pool habitats, resulting in special
management consideration.
The following section presents critical habitat and
special-status wildlife species that may occur in the
study area.
Critical Habitat
Within the study area, NMFS has designated
critical habitat for Central Valley spring-run
Chinook salmon and Central Valley steelhead that
are known to occur within USGS Hydrologic Units
5519, 5520, 551922, and 552030, which contain the
Sacramento River, Feather River, Sutter Bypass, and
Nelson Slough. Additionally, these hydrologic units,
plus Coon Creek, Cross Canal, and Natomas East
Main Drainage Canal, are designated as critical
habitat for the Central Valley steelhead (70 FR
52590 and 52604-52605).
Essential Fish Habitat
The study area is within the Central Valley
Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) for Central
Valley steelhead as well as the Central Valley ESU
for fall/late-run and fall/spring-run chinook salmon.
NMFS has designated waterbodies within the study
area as EFH. The Sutter Bypass, Feather River,
Coon Creek, Cross Canal, and Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal have been designated as EFH for
Pacific salmon.
Sensitive Habitat
Sensitive habitats are areas in which the plants,
wildlife, or the habitat itself is either rare or
especially valuable and any area which meets one of
the following criteria; (1) contains or supports rare
and endangered species, (2) contains breeding or
nesting sites or is used by migratory and resident
water-associated birds for resting and/or feeding,
(3) existing game and wildlife refuges and reserves,
(4) lakes and ponds and adjacent habitat, and (5) all
perennial and intermittent streams and their
tributaries, and (6) marshes and sloughs. Sensitive
habitat includes, but is not limited to, riparian
corridors, wetlands, riverine habitats, and habitats
supporting rare, endangered, and unique species.
Segment Characterization
The following is a discussion of each segment by
general habitat, sensitive habitat, and critical habitat.
It also includes information on vegetation, wildlife.
and special-status species that may be present in the
segment. Table D-2 in Appendix D contains the
special-status species that may be present.
4.2.1.4 Segment 1
Habitat
Segment 1 is parallel and adjacent to the Sutter
Bypass. It crosses cropland, primarily rice fields,
with associated irrigation ditches and canals. The
segment crosses Gilsizer Slough from MP 1.3 to 1.8,
Nelson Slough at MP 10.9, Feather River at MP 11.0
to 11.5, Coon Creek at MP 13.2, and Bunkham
Slough at MP 15.6 (see Maps C-1 to -5 in
Appendix C).
Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Segment 1 has four water crossings (Gilsizer
Slough, Feather River, Coon Creek, and Bunkham
Slough, which are critical habitat), totaling
approximately 8.2 acres of riverine and riparian
habitat (see Maps C-1 to -5 in Appendix C).
Additionally, the segment crosses a total of 8.0 acres
of freshwater emergent wetlands (further described
in Section 4.16). Segment 1 parallels the Sutter
Bypass, which is critical habitat, for about 9 miles.
Sutter Bypass is a floodwater bypass of the
Sacramento River that floods about once a year. From
MP 1.3 to 1.8, the segment crosses Gilsizer Slough, a
designated Fish and Game Code Significant Area
(see Map C-1 in Appendix C). Gilsizer Slough is an
engineered channel that begins in Yuba City and
drains into the State Drain, which carries drainage
water to the O'Banion Pumping Station. At about
MP 11.0, the ROW encounters Nelson Slough,
which is critical habitat, and the north levee of the
Feather River floodplain. This portion of Segment 1
is located in the Nelson Slough Unit of the Feather
River Wildlife Area, which is 1 of 108 state-owned
wildlife areas designated as open space to protect
and enhance habitat for wildlife specif? and to
provide the public with wildlife-related recreational
areas. The floodplain associated with the river is
approximately 0.5 mile wide. Three mature
elderberry shrubs were located within the Riparian
Forest floodplain. Coon Creek and Bunkham Slough
watersheds run through Blue Oak Woodland,
Foothill Pine, and Valley Oak habitats. These
drainages provide irrigation water to adjacent fields
and ultimately feed the Sacramento River.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
Plants and Wildlife
Vegetation in Nelson Slough includes valley oak,
willows, Cottonwood, blackberry, and elderberry. The
Lower Feather River provides important breeding
and migratory stopover habitat for numerous
songbird species and has high potential for range
expansion of riparian birds (RHJV 2004). Several
species of birds were noted during field surveys on
and around the existing transmission line structures
along the entire segment length. These included
great egret, American crow, red-tailed hawk, great
blue heron, and American white pelican. Within the
proposed Project area, Gilsizer Slough and the
Feather River provide habitat and foraging grounds
for waterfowl, migrating birds, and other wildlife
species. Coon Creek provides rearing habitat for
juvenile steelhead in the summer and spawning and
rearing habitat for steelhead and chinook in other
months of the year.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
Sutter Bypass, Feather River, and Coon Creek
provide habitat for Central Valley spring-run chinook
salmon and Central Valley steelhead and migratory
birds. Gilsizer Slough, Nelson Slough, and Bunkham
Slough are important freshwater emergent wetlands,
which provide habitat for the giant garter snake,
northwestem pond turtle, and resident tricolored
blackbird. Great Valley Riparian Forest and riverine
habitat along the Feather River provide habitat for the
Swainson's hawk, bank swallow, and Aleutian
Canada goose in the summer.
4.2.1.5 Segment 2A
Habitat
The first 0.7 mile of Segment 2A (including 2A1,
2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and 2A5) parallels Cross Canal, a
man-made canal that supports emergent marsh and
woody riparian vegetation similar to that found
along natural waterways. Cross Canal is a perennial
tributary of the Sacramento River (see Map C-5 in
Appendix C). On the south side of Cross Canal,
Segment 2A parallels Highway 99 along an east or
west route option through rice fields to one of five
alternative routes between Riego Road and Elkhom
Boulevard. Segments 2A1, 2A2, and 2A5 parallel
the Natomas East Main Drainage Canal, which
ultimately flows to the Sacramento River. This canal
contains isolated pockets of willow and emergent
marsh vegetation and provides habitat for the
burrowing owl, giant garter snake, Swainson's
hawk, and Central Valley steelhead. All alternatives
contain irrigation ditches and canals associated with
rice fields, freshwater emergent marsh, and seasonal
wetlands and vernal pools.
Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Segment 2A alignments traverse between 1.7 and
2.7 acres of riparian habitat and between 0.8 and
6.0 acres of vernal pools (see Table B-1 in
Appendix B). At MP 0.7, Segment 2A traverses
Cross Canal, which is critical habitat. The
slow-moving canal with emergent marsh and woody
riparian vegetation, including willow and
Cottonwood, provides habitat for the giant garter
snake, northwestern pond turtle, steelhead, chinook
salmon, and Swainson's hawk.
Segment 2A1 crosses Riparian Great Valley Scrub at
MP 9.5 and seasonal wetlands at MP 10.0. Segments
2A1, 2A2, and 2A5 cross isolated seasonal wetlands
between about MP 11.0 and the end (see Map C-9 in
Appendix C).
Segment 2A2 crosses a freshwater marsh complex
between MP 8.3 and 9.3, which is a habitat
mitigation bank, and freshwater marsh with riparian
vegetation between MP 9.4 to 9.6 (see Maps C-7 and
-9 in Appendix C).
Segment 2A3 crosses isolated vernal pools and
vemal pool grassland from MP 11.1 to 11.9 (see
Map C-10 in Appendix C).
Segment 2A4 crosses three isolated seasonal
wetlands between MP 13.0 and 13.3 (see Map C-10
in Appendix C).
Segment 2A5 crosses isolated seasonal wetlands
between MP 11.2 to 11.8 (see Map C-9 in
Appendix C).
Plants and Wildlife *
Vegetation in Cross Canal includes valley oak,
Cottonwood, willows, and blackberry. Mammals
observed in the vicinity of Segment 2A include the
California ground squirrel. Western grey squirrel,
and field mouse. Cross Canal and the Natomas East
Main Drainage Canal provide foraging and loafing
habitat for waterfowl, migrating birds, and other
wildlife species.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
The freshwater emergent marsh associated with
Cross Canal supports isolated pockets of willow,
emergent marsh vegetation, and open water. This
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
area provides habitat for wading birds, giant garter
snakes, northwestern pond turtles. Central Valley
steelhead, and Swainson's hawk. Rodent burrows on
the upper banks of Cross Canal provide suitable
habitat for burrowing owls. The seasonal wetlands
crossed by Segments 2A1, 2A2, and 2A5, adjacent
to the Natomas East Main Drainage Canal, provide
habitat for California linderiella and vernal pool
fairy shrimp (see Map C-9 in Appendix C). The
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal provides habitat
for the giant garter snake, Swainson's hawk, and
Central Valley steelhead. Rodent burrows on the
banks of the canal provide suitable habitat for the
burrowing owl.
4.2.1.6 Segment 2B
Habitat
Segment 2B traverses Cross Canal, non-native
grassland, rice fields, pasture, agricultural and grain
fields, and five streams (Pleasant Grove Creek at
MP 2.6, Curry Creek at MP 3.1, two perennial
creeks at MP 5.2 and 8.2, and an intermittent creek
at MP 8.6), totaling approximately 2.6 acres of
riverine and riparian habitat (see Maps C-5, -6, -8,
and -9 in Appendix C). The alignment parallels
Pleasant Grove Creek Canal from MP 0.3 to 3.9.
This is a man-made canal that extends south from
Cross Canal, and supports freshwater emergent
marsh vegetation.
Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Segment 2B crosses approximately 2.6, 7.9, and
11.4 acres of riparian habitat, vernal pools, and
emergent wetlands, respectively. The segment
traverses Cross Canal, which is critical habitat, with
associated emergent marsh and woody riparian
vegetation, near MP 0.1. The alignment follows
Natomas Road along the Pleasant Grove Creek
Canal and associated freshwater marsh from MP 0.3
to 4.5. The canal extends south from Cross Canal;
Pleasant Grove and Curry creeks feed the canal,
which then flows into the Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal, which is critical habitat. A few
scattered vernal pools and seasonal wetlands are
present near MP 3.7. Between MP 4.5 and 7.5, the
segment crosses scattered vernal pools and wet
meadows (open prairie or grassland with
waterlogged soils, but without standing water for
most of the year). From MP 7.5 to 9.0, Segment 2B
parallels two existing transmission lines that cross
non-native grassland with vernal pools, seasonal
wetlands, and a perennial creek at MP 8.2.
Plants and Wildlife
Vegetation observed in Cross Canal, Pleasant Grove
Creek, and Curry Creek includes valley oak,
Cottonwood, willows, and blackberry. The two
unnamed perennial creeks crossed by this segment
contain willows, blackberry, and emergent vegetation;
the unnamed intermittent creek contains annual
grasses. These creeks provide habitat for migrating
birds and other wildlife species. Non-native grasses
are present throughout several portions of the segment.
Mammals found in the vicinity of Segment 2B include
the California ground squirrel. Western grey squirrel,
and field mouse.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
Cross Canal provides habitat for the giant garter snake,
northwestern pond turtle, steelhead, chinook salmon,
and Swainson's hawk. The Pleasant Grove Creek
Canal supports pockets of willow, emergent marsh
vegetation, and open water, providing habitat for
wading and migratory birds, giant garter snake,
northwestern pond turtle, and Swainson's hawk.
Burrowing owls were observed within the ROW at MP
3.5 and about 150 feet west of MP 3.6. A resident
individual and possibly a pair were detected. Active
burrows in the area were inspected and recorded. The
vernal pools between MP 4.5 and 7.5 provide suitable
habitat for vernal pool fairy shrimp and California
linderiella. The perennial creeks at MP 5.2 and 8.2,
and Curry Creek at MP 3.1 are slow-moving and
support emergent marsh vegetation, providing habitat
for the giant garter snake, tricolored blackbird, and
northwestem pond turtle.
4.2.1.7 Segment 2C
Habitat
Segment 2Ci traverses Cross Canal and five stream
crossings (Pleasant Grove Creek at MP 2.5, Curry
Creek at MP 3.9, two perennial creeks at MP 5.9
and 8.7, and an intermittent creek at MP 9.1). From
MP 0.2 to 6.7, the alignment crosses row crops and rice
fields, with associated irrigation ditches, canals, and
wetlands (see Maps C-5, -6, -8, and -9 in
Appendix C). The alignment crosses predominantly
non-native grassland from MP 6.1 to the end.
Segment 2C2 predominantly crosses rice fields,
agricultural fields, and non-native grassland. This
alignment has two stream crossings (Curry Creek at
MP 5.0 and an intermittent creek at MP 5.7) and
9.0 acres of natural and manmade wetlands. The
wetlands include emergent marsh, seasonal wetlands.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
canals, ditches, and vernal pools (see Map C-12 in
Appendix C).
Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Segment C crosses approximately 1.4 acres of
riparian habitat, 8.6 acres of vernal pools, and
2.7 acres of emergent wetlands. The first 0.2 mile
of Segment 2C\ traverses Cross Canal, which is
critical habitat, and associated emergent marsh.
Cross Canal is a slow-moving a man-made canal
that supports emergent marsh and woody riparian
vegetation similar to that found along natural
waterways, including willow and cottonwood. This
canal provides habitat for the giant garter snake,
northwestern pond turtle, steelhead, chinook salmon,
and Swainson's hawk. Pleasant Grove and Curry
creeks support emergent marsh and large woody
riparian vegetation. From MP 6.7 to 8.0, the
alignment crosses sections of urban development
and pastureland, with isolated vernal pools and
seasonal wetlands. The two unnamed perennial
creeks crossed by this segment contain willows,
blackberry, and emergent vegetation. These creeks
provide habitat for migrating birds and other wildlife
species. From MP 8.0 to 9.1, Segment 2Ci parallels
existing transmission lines that cross pastures with
vernal pools and an intermittent creek at MP 9.1,
which contains annual grasses.
Segment 2C2 crosses rice fields, with a few small,
isolated vemal pools and seasonal wetlands in
4.9 miles (see Map C-12 in Appendix C). A pheasant
hunting club is located near MP 3.0. The
transmission line parallels the western edge of the
West Roseville Specific Plan (WRSP) Open Space
Preserve between MP 3.9 and 4.9. This preserve
consists of several habitat types, including non-
native grasslands, vemal pools, and riparian/oak
woodland corridors. From MP 4.9 to 5.5, the
alignment traverses agricultural land to the west and
pastures with vernal pools and seasonal wetlands to
the east and crosses a branch of Curry Creek at MP
5.0. At MP 5.5, the entire ROW consists of non-
native grasslands with isolated vemal pools and
seasonal wetlands, including a high density of vemal
pools just before the alignment intersects the
existing transmission line. The vemal pools provide
suitable habitat for vemal pool fairy shrimp and
Califomia linderiella.
Plants and Wildlife
Vegetation in Cross Canal, Pleasant Grove Creek, and
Curry Creek includes valley oak, cottonwood.
willows, and blackberry. The perennial creeks
crossed by Segment 2Ci at MP 5.9 and 8.7 supports
emergent marsh vegetation. These creeks and canal
provide habitat and foraging grounds for waterfowl,
migrating birds, and other wildlife species.
Non native grasses dominate several portions of the
segments. Mammals observed in the vicinity of
Segments 2Ci and 2C2 include the Califomia ground
squirrel, Westem grey squirrel, and field mouse. Bird
species noted during field surveys include the great
egret, American crow, red-tailed hawk, and great
blue heron.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
Segment 2Ci crosses Pleasant Grove and Curry
creeks, which are slow-moving and support
emergent marsh vegetation and large woody riparian
species, providing habitat for the giant garter snake,
tricolored blackbird, Swainson's hawk, and
northwestern pond turtle. The perennial creeks at
MP 5.9 and 8.7 are slow-moving and support
emergent marsh vegetation, providing habitat for the
giant garter snake, tricolored blackbird, and
northwestem pond turtle.
Segment 2C2 parallels the westem edge of the WRSP
Preserve, which provides habitat for several
special status species and a variety of more common
wildlife species. Segment 2C2 crosses isolated vemal
pools between MP 5.5 and 6.3, including a high
density complex just before the alignment
intersects the existing transmission line, that provide
suitable habitat for dwarf downingia, vemal pool
fairy shrimp, and Califomia linderiella. The
alignment crosses Curry Creek which provides
habitat for the giant garter snake, tricolored
blackbird, and Swainson's hawk.
4.2.1.8 Segments »
Habitat
The first 0.7 mile crosses non-native grassland with
isolated seasonal wetlands. Segment 3 crosses the
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal at MP 0.8. The
rest of the segment crosses non-native grasslands
with some seasonal wetlands and agricultural lands
(see Map C-10 in Appendix C).
Sensitive and Critical Habitat
Segment 3 crosses about 3.2 acres of vemal pools
and 0.1 acre of emergent wetlands. A freshwater
marsh is located at MP 0.2 that provides habitat for
the giant garter snake, tricolored blackbird, and
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
northwestern pond turtle. The alignment crosses
seasonal wetlands between MP 0.2 and 1.0. At MP
0.8, the alignment crosses Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal, which is critical habitat. The canal
extends south from Pleasant Grove Creek Canal,
merges with Arcade Creek, and flows to the
Sacramento River. This canal contains pockets of
willow and emergent marsh vegetation. It provides
habitat for the giant garter snake, Swainson's hawk,
and Central Valley steelhead. Rodent burrows along
the banks of the canal provide suitable habitat for
burrowing owls. From MP 1.1 to 3.7, the alignment
crosses primarily pasture and isolated seasonal
wetlands. At MP 2.4, the ROW crosses a northem
claypan vemal pool.
Plants and Wildlife
Vegetation in the area includes non-native grasses.
Mammals and birds found in the vicinity of Segment
3 include the California ground squirrel, magpie, and
heron. The Natomas East Main Drainage Canal
provides habitat for waterfowl, migrating birds, and
other wildlife.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
The Natomas East Main Drainage Canal provides
habitat for the Central Valley steelhead, burrowing
owl, and Swainson's hawk. The open water canal is
sparsely vegetated, providing marginal habitat for
the giant garter snake. Wetlands in the ROW provide
habitat for dwarf downingia, Califomia linderiella,
and vemal pool fairy shrimp.
4.2.2 Environmental Consequences
4.2.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on biological resources would
occur under the following conditions:
• Loss of habitat or individuals resulting in the
listing, or jeopardizing the continued existence
of any species;
• Loss of habitat or individuals, resulting in the
decline of its listing status (e.g., from threatened
to endangered); or
• Introduction or spread of noxious weeds.
Short-term impacts are those that last through the
constmction phase of a project or one or
two reproductive cycles, whichever is longer.
Long-term impacts are those that last as long as the
life of the transmission line or longer, depending on
the organism or habitat involved.
Direct impacts are those that occur as a result of
construction and maintenance or operation of the
transmission line.
Indirect impacts are those that occur as a result of
the transmission line presence. These are usually
associated with increased human accessibility to a
previously inaccessible area.
4.2.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for biological resources from Table 3-3
include the following:
15. Mitigation measures developed during the
consultation period under Section 7 of the ESA
would be adhered to, as specified in the
subsequent Biological Opinion of USFWS. In
addition, applicable mitigation developed in
conjunction with state and Tribal authorities
would be followed.
16. Before construction and maintenance, all
personnel entering the constmction area would
be trained on the protection of cultural,
paleontological, and ecological resources. To
assist in this effort, constmction and
maintenance contracts would address applicable
Federal, state, local, and Tribal laws regarding
collection and removal of antiquities, fossils,
plants, and wildlife. Training would include the
importance of these resources and the purpose
and necessity of protecting them.
17. Special-status species and their habitats would
be protected during post-EIS and EIR phases of
the project. This may involve conducting
surveys for habitat, plant, and wildlife species of
concern. Where special-status species or their
habitats are found, appropriate action would be
taken to avoid adverse impacts oirthe species
and/or their habitat.
18. A qualified biologist would conduct surveys in
sensitive habitats before clearing vegetation.
The purpose of this survey would be to identify
biologically sensitive issues such as wetlands,
vemal pools, or habitat of concem. Western
would avoid or use best management practices
to lessen disturbance.
19. During construction and maintenance, no
equipment refueling or oil changing would be
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
conducted within 300 feet of any bodies of
water or streams.
20. Within riverine habitat, ROW clearing would be
done by mechanical and manual methods.
Construction and maintenance activities would
be avoided within 100 feet of the stream bank.
21. Vegetation would be controlled or removed in
accordance with Western's Integrated
Vegetation Management Environmental
Guidance Manual (Western 2007b).
22. To the extent practical, freshwater emergent,
lacustrine, and riverine wetlands would be
spanned and vehicular traffic would not
encroach within 100 feet of the boundary of
these wetlands.
23. To the extent practical, when water is present,
vemal pools would be driven around, spanned,
or otherwise avoided.
24. Replacing insulators on structures containing
active raptor nests would be conducted after
birds have fledged. Inactive nests would not be
removed from structures without a permit,
unless they pose a safety or reliability hazard.
25. Westem would span the Feather River and Cross
Canal riparian corridor and no construction or
maintenance equipment would cross these water
bodies. Sedimentation control structures would
be used to prevent sediment from reaching
riverine habitat.
26. Hazardous materials would not be drained onto
the ground or into streams or drainage areas. All
construction and maintenance waste would be
removed daily. This would include trash and
litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum
products, and other regulated materials. The
materials would be sent to a disposal facility
authorized to accept such materials.
27. At completion of work and at the request of the
land owner/manager, all work areas except
access roads would be scarified or left in a
condition that would facilitate natural
vegetation. The site would be recontoured to
provide for proper drainage, and prevent
erosion.
28. Equipment would be washed prior to entering
sensitive areas within the Project area to control
noxious weeds. The rinse water would be
disposed of through the sanitary sewage system.
29. Vemal pool resources-specific. Biological
reconnaissance surveys, preconstmction
surveys, and other biological investigations
would be conducted to identify on-site vemal
pool resources. If it is determined that wetland
and/or vemal pool resources occur, Westem
would consult with USFWS. Westem would
assume presence of listed species in suitable
vemal pools. Section 7 consultation with
USFWS would determine appropriate measures
to avoid and minimize loss of individuals.
30. Boggs Lake hedge hvssop and legenere-specific.
If preconstmction surveys determine the
presence of the species, Westem would consult
with USFWS to determine appropriate measures
to avoid and minimize loss of individuals.
31. Riparian habitat-specific. If riparian vegetation
requires replacement, it will be replaced at a
3:1 ratio on site or within the watershed, using
native riparian trees and/or vegetation.
32. Vallev elderberrv longhom beetle-specific.
Surveys for beetles and elderberry host plants by
a qualified biologist will be conducted prior to
construction and maintenance activities. To the
maximum extent practicable, the project will
avoid stands of elderberry bushes and avoid
isolation of elderberry bushes from other nearby
plant populations.
33. Vallev elderberrv longhom beetle-specific. If
elderberry plants cannot be avoided, and if
approved by the USFWS through consultation,
then transplantation/replacement mitigation
measures may be implemented. Preconstmction
surveys will assess the appropriate amount of
mitigation.
34. Western spadefoot toad-specific. If ^
preconstmction surveys determine the presence
of the toad, Westem would consult with
USFWS to determine appropriate measures to
avoid and minimize take of individuals.
35. Giant garter snake-specific. Preconstmction
surveys for giant garter snake would be
completed by a qualified biologist approved by
USFWS. If any snake habitat is found,
additional measures would be implemented to
minimize disturbance of habitat and harassment
of the species.
36. Giant garter snake-specific. Between April 15
and September 30, all irrigation ditches, canals,
or other aquatic habitat would be completely
4-20
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
dewatered, with no puddle water remaining, for
at least 15 consecutive days prior to the
excavation or filling in of the dewatered habitat.
Efforts would be made to ensure that dewatered
habitat does not continue to support prey. If a
site cannot be completely dewatered, netting and
salvage of prey items may be necessary.
37. Giant garter snake-snecific. For sites containing
snake habitat, and no more than 24 hours prior
to start of construction activities (site
preparation and/or grading), the Project area
would be surveyed for the presence of the snake.
If construction activities stop on the site for a
period of 2 weeks or more, a new snake survey
would be completed no more than 24 hours prior
to the resumption of construction activities.
38. Giant garter snake-specific. Clearing would be
confined to the minimal area necessary to
facilitate construction and maintenance
activities. Giant garter snake habitat within or
adjacent to the Project would be flagged and
designated as environmentally sensitive areas.
This area would be avoided by all construction
personnel.
39. Giant uarter snake-specific. If a live giant garter
snake is found during construction and
maintenance activities, USFWS and the
Project's biological monitor will be notified
immediately. The biological monitor or his/her
assignee shall do the following:
1. Escape routes for snakes should be
determined in advance of construction and
maintenance and snakes should always be
allowed to leave on their own.
2. Stop construction and maintenance activities
in the vicinity of the snake.
3. Monitor the snake and allow it to leave on
its own. The monitor shall remain in the area
for the remainder of the workday to make
sure that the snake is not harmed, or if it
leaves the site, that it does not return. If a
giant garter snake does not leave on its own
within 1 working day, further consultation
with USFWS would be required.
40. Giant ttarter snake-specific. If any temporary fill
and/or construction debris situated near
undisturbed giant garter snake habitat is to be
removed between October I and April 30, it
would be inspected by a qualified biologist to
ensure the snakes are not using it as an
overwintering site.
41. Giant garter snake-specific. No plastic,
monofilament, jute, or similar erosion control
matting that could entangle snakes would be
placed on a Project site when working within
200 feet of snake habitat. Possible substitutions
include coconut coir matting, tactified
hydroseeding compounds, or other material
approved by USFWS.
42. Northwestern pond turtle-specific. Take of the
turtle as a result of habitat destruction during
construction and maintenance activities,
including maintenance and removal of
irrigation ditches and drains, would be
minimized by the dewatering requirements
described for the giant garter snake.
43. Chinook salmon or steelhead-specific. The site
would be monitored to ensure that no listed fish
are present and/or harmed if working in a water
channel. If listed fish are present, NMFS and
CDFG, if appropriate, would be consulted.
44. Western vellow-billed cuckoo-specific. If
preconstruction surveys or other sources
determine the presence of nesting birds,
construction avoidance areas would be enforced
for a distance of 300 feet from the nest site, until
young birds have fledged and left the nesting
site.
45. Bank swallow-specific. Disturbances to nesting
colonies would be avoided during the nesting
season of May 1 through August 31, or until a
qualified biologist, with concurrence of USFWS
and CDFG, if appropriate, has determined that
the young have fledged or the nests are no
longer occupied.
46. Bank swallow-specific. If preconstmction
surveys identify an active nesting (^lony, brightly
colored construction fencing would be installed
250-feet from the active nesting colony. No
construction would occur within the 250-foot
fenced area during the nesting season. In
addition, disturbances within 0.5 mile upstream
or downstream of a colony located on a natural
waterway would be avoided.
47. Tricolored blackbird-specific. If preconstruction
surveys detemiine the presence of breeding and
nesting birds, disturbances to nesting colonies
would be avoided. A boundary shall be marked by
brightly colored construction fencing
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-21
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
establishing a 500-foot buffer from the active
nest site. No disturbances would occur within
the 500-foot area during the nesting season,
February 1 to August 1 or while birds are
present. Before the site can be disturbed, a
qualified biologist, with concurrence by
USFWS, would determine if the young have
fledged and nest sites are no longer active.
48. Burrowing owl-specific. Preconstruction
surveys would be conducted prior to earth-
disturbing activities to determine the presence of
foraging or nesting owls. The surveys would be
conducted by a qualified biologist. Results of
the preconstruction surveys would be submitted
to the land use agency with jurisdiction over the
site prior to commencement of construction
activities and a mitigation program would be
developed and agreed to by the land use agency
and Western prior to initiation of any physical
disturbance on site.
49. Burrowing owl-specific. Occupied burrows
shall not be disturbed during nesting season
(February 1 through August 31). No disturbance
should occur within 50 meters of occupied
burrows during the non-breeding season
(September 1 to January 31) or within 75 meters
during the breeding season (February 1 to
August 31). A minimum of 6.5 acres of foraging
habitat, contiguous with occupied burrow sites,
would be permanently preserved for each pair of
breeding burrowing owls or single unpaired
resident bird.
50. Burrowing owl-specific. If nests are found,
USFWS and CDFG, if appropriate, would be
contacted regarding suitable mitigation
measures. These may include a 300-foot buffer
around the nest site during the breeding season,
relocation efforts for owls that have not begun
egg-laying and incubation, or relocation of
Juveniles cSpable of independent survival. If on-
site avoidance is required, the boundaries of the
buffer zone would be determined by a qualified
biologist and marked with yellow caution tape,
stakes, or temporary fencing. The buffer zone
would be maintained throughout the
construction period. If relocation is approved by
USFWS, a qualified biologist will prepare a plan
for relocating the owls to a suitable site.
51. Swainson's hawk-specific. A preconstruction
survey would be completed to determine if
active Swainson's hawk nest sites occur on or
within 0.5 mile or if any Swainson's hawk nest
trees would be removed on the Project site.
Surveys would be conducted by experienced
Swainson's hawk surveyors using Swainson's
hawk Technical Advisory Committee's methods
(May 31, 2000 or newer), as approved by
USFWS.
52. Swainson's hawk-specific. If breeding hawks are
identified, no disturbances would occur within
0.5 mile of an active nest between March 15 and
September 15, or until a qualified biologist, with
discussion with CDFG, if appropriate, has
determined that the young have fledged or the
nest is no longer occupied. If an active nest site
is located within 0.25 mile of existing urban
development, a no-disturbance zone of 0.25 mile
would be set.
53. Swainson's hawk-specific. Where disturbance
of a hawk nest cannot be avoided, construction
would be deferred until after the nesting season.
Then, if necessary, the nest tree may be removed
after discussion with CDFG, if appropriate, and
it has been determined that the young are no
longer dependent upon the nest tree.
54. Swainson's hawk-specific. If construction
activities would cause nest abandonment or
force out fledglings within a 0.25-mile buffer
zone of the Project area, an on-site qualified
raptor biologist would be assigned to the project.
55. Swainson's hawk-specific. Valley oaks, tree
groves, riparian habitat, and other large trees
used by Swainson's hawk and other animals will
be preserved wherever possible. If Swainson's
hawk nest trees are lost. Western would
implement mitigation planting.
56. Upon locating dead, injured or sick threatened^r
endangered species, the USFWS Division of
Law Enforcement (2800 Cottage Way,
Sacramento, CA 95825) or the Sacramento Fish
and Wildlife Ecological Services Office (2800
Cottage Way, Room W-2605, Sacramento, CA
95825, telephone 916-414-6000) must be notified
within 1 working day. Written notification to
both offices must be made within 3 calendar
days and must include the date, time, and
location of the discovery and any other pertinent
information.
4-22
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
4.2.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Project construction and maintenance activities,
including access roads, pulling sites, vegetation
removal in the new ROW, and structure assembly
and erection, may result in adverse impacts to
biological resources. The following section
discusses how these construction activities may
impact critical habitat, special-status species, and
sensitive habitat types as they pertain to the
standards of significance. Assumptions used to
calculate disturbance area are in Appendix B.
Sutter County does not have an adopted Habitat
Conservation Plan (HCP), but is in the process of
completing a scientific review of the Sutter County
Natural Community Conservation Plan/HCP. The
Conservation Element of the Sacramento County
General Plan outlines policies for resource
mitigation and habitat restoration.
Portions of each alternative are located within the
Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan (NBHCP)
(2003). Additionally, portions of Altematives B and
C are located within the proposed Placer County
Conservation Plan (PCCP) (2005). NBHCP and
PCCP conservation strategies rely on minimizing,
avoiding, and mitigating impacts for species and
habitats covered under the plans. Species covered in
the NBHCP and PCCP that occur within the Project
area include Swainson's hawk, giant garter snake,
burrowing owl, northwestern pond turtle, Aleutian
Canada goose, valley elderberry longhom beetle, and
bank swallow. Western would consult with the
appropriate landowners to comply with existing or
planned HCP.
Designated Critical Habitat
Within the study area, NMFS designated the Sutter
Bypass, Feather River, and Nelson Slough critical
habitat for spring-run chinook salmon and the
Central Valley steelhead. In addition to these
hydrologic units. Cross Canal, Coon Creek, and
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal are designated
as critical habitat for the Central Valley steelhead
(70 FR 52590 and 52604-52605). Measures
described in the EPMs above would be taken to
avoid impacts to the Central Valley spring-run
Chinook salmon and Central Valley steelhead in the
locations where the transmission line crosses
designated critical habitat.
Altematives C and B may have one and two
stmctures, respectively, sited in the freshwater marsh
associated with Cross Canal. Impacts may include:
• Disturbance to fish during migration;
• Disruption of natural channel processes,
including migration and breeding;
• Loss of riparian vegetation; and
• Increased turbidity and sedimentation.
Construction or maintenance would occur in the
summer, when water is not present within the
freshwater marsh area, to avoid direct impacts to the
fish. Western would span designated critical habitat
whenever possible.
Essential Fish Habitat
The activities associated with this project that may
adversely affect in-stream habitat are the erection of
stmctures within the highwater mark or removal of
riparian vegetation along a designated EFH
waterbody. Westem would avoid constmction in
waterbodies; however, it may be necessary to clear
some vegetation in a riparian zone for worker safety
and line reliability. If clearing cannot be avoided in
the riparian zone of a designated EFH, Westem
would consult with USFWS, NMFS, and CDFG, if
appropriate. These areas of concem are spread
throughout the Project Area; therefore any
altemative may be affected by constmction within a
designated EFH.
Special-Status Wildlife and Plant Species
To avoid or minimize impacts to special-status
species and minimize alteration of habitat resulting
in the listing of a species, all constmction personnel
would be instmcted prior to constmction on Federal,
state, and Tribal laws regarding plants and wildlife,
including collection and removal, and the importance
of these resources and the purpose and necessity of
protecting them.
Constmction sites located in sensitive habitats would
require a qualified biologist to survey and identify
biologically sensitive issues before clearing
vegetation. This would minimize the unnecessary
loss of vegetation.
Endangered or threatened wildlife and plant species
associated with sensitive habitat may be adversely
impacted by the movement of vehicles through
sensitive habitats or construction within these
areas. Where necessary, construction vehicles would
drive around sensitive habitat and work from the
other side. Table 4.2-1 presents the acres of
disturbance in sensitive areas. Special-status
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-23
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
Table 4.2-1 Acres of Sensitive Habitat and Area of Disturbances
Associated with Project Routes
Habitat Type
Alternative
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
B
C
No Action
Rice Fields (Total Acres)
270.3
260.6
281.1
272.3
279.8
162.7
236.0
0.0
Riverine/Riparian (Total
Acres)
10.9
10.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
10.8
9.6
0.0
Vernal Pools, Seasonal
Wetlands, and Wetland
Swales (Total Acres)
4.0
4.0
9.2
3.4
3.7
11.1
11.8
0.0
Freshwater Emergent
Wetlands (Total Acres)
8.1
8 1
8.1
8.1
8.1
19.5
10.8
0.0
Rice Fields Short-
term/Long-term Acres of
Disturbance
57.2/
34.9
55.6/
33.9
59.0/
36.0
56.1/
34.1
60.0/
36.6
32.9/
20.0
41.1/
22.5
0/0
Riverine/Riparian Short
term/Long-term Acres of
Disturbance
2.1/
1.3
2.1/
1.3
1.9/
1.2
1.9/
1.2
1.9/
1.2
2.1/
1.3
1.8/
1.1
0/0
Vernal pools. Seasonal
Wetlands, and Wetland
Swales Short-term/Long-
term Acres of Disturbance
0.4/
0.1
0.4/
0.1
1.4/
0.8
0.3/
0.0
0.3/
0.1
1.8/
1.0
1.3/
0.5
0/0
Freshwater Emergent
Wetlands Short term/Long-
term Acres of Disturbance
1.6/
1.0
1.6/
1.0
1.6/
1.0
1.6/
1.0
1.6/
1.0
3.7/
2.4
1.9/
1.1
0/0
Number of Structures in
Sensitive Habitats/Acres of
Long-term Disturbance
5/
0.05
51
0.05
71
0.07
51
0.05
51
0.05
11/
0.11
81
0.08
0/0
Source: Western CIS 2007
Assumptions used to make calculations:
A new structure every 1,100 feet;
0.23 short-term acre for each structure; and
0.01 long-term acre for each structure.
Access Road Assumptions:
Assume 0 acres for Segment 1 access road because It's In existing ROW;
Assume access roads parallel to transmission lines for Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, and 2B;
Assume 6.3 miles of new access road for 2C portion (9.4 miles is along existing ROW);
Assume 15 foot width for access roads; and
Assume road disturbance acres for long- and short-term = miles*5280*15'width\43560.
Assume a pulling site every three miles and 0.4 acre short-term disturbance per site.
Assume Materials Storage Yard every 15 miles and short-term disturbance of 5 acres per site.
Rice Fields - Short-term disturbance does not include material storage yards, straight ratio of long-term disturbance to transmission line length.
Riparian short-term does not include material storage yards and pulling sites.
Emergent wetlands short-term does not include material storage yards and pulling sites.
Vernal pool short-term does not include material storage yards and pulling sites.
Structures in sensitive habitat assumes 0.01 acre of long-term disturbance per structure, and does not include access roads.
species supported by each of the sensitive habitats
are presented in Table 4.2-2.
Impacts to wetlands associated with Feather River,
Gilsizer Slough, Cross Canal, Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal, and rice fields would be a primary
concern for each alternative. Long term disturbance
to 0.02 acre within a vernal pool complex may result
from two structures in Segment 3. Temporary
disturbance of vemal pools and swales may result in
4-24
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
Table 4.2-2 Sensitive Habitats and Supported Special-Status Species
Agriculture Lands,
Rice Fields, and Canals
Riverine and Riparian
Vernal Pools and
Swales
Freshwater Emergent
Wetlands and Seasonal
Wetlands
western burrowing owl
Cooper's hawk
slender Orcutt grass
Cooper's hawk
Swalnson's hawk
Swalnson's hawk
Sacramento Orcutt
grass
Swainson's hawk
Aleutian Canada goose
loggerhead shrike
Solano grass
American peregrine falcon
tricolored blackbird
Aleutian Canada goose
legenere
bald eagle
giant garter snake
western yellow-billed cuckoo
dwarf downingia
Aleutian Canada goose
greater sandhill crane
California linderiella
tricolored blackbird
bald eagle
vernal pool fairy shrimp
western yellow-billed cuckoo
purple martin
vernal pool tadpole
shrimp
White-faced ibis
bank swallow
California linderiella
greater sandhill crane
northwestern pond turtle
giant garter snake
Central Valley steelhead
northwestern pond turtle
Central Valley winter-run Chinook
salmon
Conservancy fairy shrimp
Central Valley spring-run Chinook
salmon
California linderiella
Central Valley fall-run chinook
salmon
vernal pool fairy shrimp
Sacramento splittail
vernal pool tadpole shrimp
valley elderberry longhorn beetle
longhorn fairy shrimp
midvalley fairy shrimp
slender Orcutt grass
Sacramento Orcutt grass
Solano grass
legenere
dwarf downingia
Source: Burleson 2007
the loss of individual special-status species. Vernal
pools have been known to recover within one to
four seasons following disturbance, as long as the
hardpan in the soil is not penetrated. Soil disturbance
from temporary roads and pulling sites would not be
deep enough to damage the impermeable soil layer.
Consultation with USFWS would determine what
mitigation may be required for temporary impacts to
threatened or endangered species habitat.
Alternatives B and C may impact wetlands associated
with Curry and Pleasant Grove creeks. The impacts to
wetlands from each alternative are presented in
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-25
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.2: Biological Resources
Table 4.2-1. The species that may be impacted by
wetland disturbance are listed in Table 4.2-2.
Construction and maintenance in and around
agricultural lands, rice fields, and canals could result
in the loss of individual western burrowing owls or
giant garter snakes. Compliance with EPMs during
construction and maintenance of the transmission
line for each segment would allow Westem and its
contractors to avoid or reduce impacts. Most bird
species are sufficiently mobile to avoid construction
and maintenance activities. Measures would be
taken during construction to avoid active nests.
New transmission lines would be constructed
adjacent to rice fields, marshes. Great Valley
Riparian Forest, and waterways that attract
Swainson's hawk, bank swallow, and migrating
birds. Bird collisions may occur when birds are
unable to see the lines, especially during fog and
rain. If collisions occur, Westem would provide
marking devices to reduce them. These devices would
use the best technology currently available to alert
birds to an obstacle in the air. The need to comply
with the National Electric Safety Code for design of
lines above 69 kV would minimize the risk of larger
bird electrocutions.
Sensitive Habitat Types
Each altemative may result in the alteration or
temporary disturbance of riverine and riparian habitat
(see Table 4.2-1) and may impact one or more of the
sensitive communities. Each altemative may have
two structures sited within Gilsizer Slough and one
within riparian habitat between Nelson Slough and
the Feather River. No constmction and maintenance
equipment would cross the water bodies.
Sedimentation control measures would be used to
prevent sediment from reaching riverine habitat.
Impacts to Great Valley Riparian Forest and Scmb
habitats and fi-eshwater emergent wetlands would
occur if large woody vegetation was removed from
the water's edge in riparian habitats. This could
result in additional solar heating of the water. The
Sacramento County General Plan calls for no net loss
of riparian habitat. Westem would consult with the
appropriate agencies to minimize temporary and/or
permanent loss of habitat or individuals that may
jeopardize the continued existence of a species or
allow its listing status to decline. Removing
vegetation in riparian zones could also result in
erosion with the subsequent increase in sedimentation
of the watercourse. This would reduce the value of
the habitat to aquatic and semi-aquatic wildlife.
Where previously cleared areas are not available, it
may be necessary to clear vegetation for pulling sites
and staging areas. These areas may include locations
where pulling sites occur at tuming stmctures.
Because the conductors and overhead ground wires
are pulled in a straight line, when the transmission
line tums a corner, pulling sites would occur outside
of the ROW. Removing vegetation in these areas
would be a short-term impact because vegetation
would grow back. However, this may contribute to
the introduction or spread of noxious weeds. To
control the spread of noxious weeds, equipment
would be washed prior to entering the Project area.
The water would be disposed of through the sanitary
sewer system.
4.2.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
If the facilities were not developed, routine and
emergency maintenance would increase due to the
advancing age of the equipment. The need for
increased maintenance results in more emergency
maintenance, which may threaten worker and public
safety and the reliable delivery of electricity.
Under the No Action Altemative, additional
indirect impacts to biological resources would not
occur. However, direct impacts associated with
increase in routine and emergency maintenance
would occur. Activities in the ROW, including the
methods used for access and maintenance, would
remain the same or increase.
No additional impacts to special-status species
would occur beyond those described in the
Programmatic Biological Opinion issued for
Western's routine maintenance activities by USFWS
on March 30, 2005.
4.2.2.5 Cumulative Impacts *
The Sacramento Valley provides habitat essential for
some threatened and endangered species. Currently,
the irrigated rice fields, riverine and riparian habitat,
wetlands, and seasonal wetlands provide habitat for
giant garter snake. Central Valley chinook salmon
and steelhead, migrating birds, vemal pool shrimp,
valley elderberry longhom beetle, and special-status
plant species.
Past and present land uses in the Project area were
primarily agricultural with encroaching residential
development. Project construction and maintenance
4-26
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.3: Cultural Resources
could permanently disturb up to 36.6 acres of
irrigated rice fields, 1.3 acres of riparian habitat,
0.8 acre of seasonal wetlands and vernal pools, and
2.4 acres of freshwater marsh. Species that utilize
these habitats are listed in Table 4.2-2.
Fragmentation and loss of habitat have contributed
to declines in these species populations, principally
as a result of urban development and conversion of
native habitat to agriculture (Ehrlich 1998; Klute et
al. 2003; USFWS 1999; Wilcox and Murphey 1985;
Woodbridge 1998). Consultation with the
appropriate agencies would determine what
mitigation may be required to offset impacts to
threatened or endangered species habitat; therefore,
this project would not contribute to a loss of habitat.
Foreseeable future projects in the study area include
continued commercial and residential developments
that could result in a conversion of sensitive
habitats to urban uses unable to support special-status
species (SACOG 2005a). This urban development
would further fi"agment and reduce available habitat.
Figure 4.9-3 shows planned development and
potential projects that would convert agriculture land
to urban use in Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer
counties.
Within the study area, the USFWS provides a
mechanism for protecting special-status species and
habitats through the development of HCPs. Part of
the Project area lies within the boundaries of the
NBHCP as well as other HCP that have yet to be
finalized, but are imminent. These plans provide for
limited authorized development for Land Use
Agency permittees. The NBHCP was established to
promote biological conservation, along with
agricultural and economic development, and is
designed primarily to protect Swainson's hawk and
the giant garter snake; and secondarily, a variety of
wetland, upland, and vemal pool special-status
species. The expected planned growth within the
Sacramento area would result in loss of habitat for
special-status species. By participating with
consulting agencies, HCP, and other conservation
and mitigation efforts, these losses would be reduced
to less than significant.
4.2.2.6 Summary of Impacts
Table 4.2-1 presents impacts from each altemative.
Western would consult with the appropriate agencies
to compensate for any loss of riverine and riparian
habitat, agricultural lands, and a variety of wetland
habitats prior to beginning construction activities.
Complying with EPMs and incorporating measures
identified through agency consultations would
prevent the alternatives from causing a significant
direct, indirect, or cumulative impact.
4.3 CULTURAL RESOURCES
4.3.1 Affected Environment
This section describes cultural resources located
within the proposed Project area and the impacts the
proposed Project may have on these resources.
Cultural resources are sites, structures, landscapes,
and objects of importance to a culture or community
for scientific, traditional, religious, or other reasons.
Cultural resources also include traditional lifeways
and practices, community values, and institutions.
Cultural resources have an important role in
connecting contemporary societies to their heritage
and traditions. These resources are non-renewable.
Once damaged or destroyed, they cannot usually be
restored or reconstructed to a degree matching their
original integrity or value.
4.3.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for cultural resources includes the
"area of potential effects," as defined by 36 CFR
Part 800.16[d]. The area of potential effects (APE) is
defined as "the geographic area or areas within
which an undertaking may directly or indirectly
cause alterations in the character or use of historic
properties." The APE for visual effects, as determined
in consultation with the California State Historic
Preservation Officer (SHPO) includes an area of at
least 1 mile from any project component. The APE
also includes a width of 200 feet (100 feet each side of
the centerline) of each segment, where ground-
disturbing activities could occur.
4.3.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
The following laws, regulations, and Executive
Orders (EO) contain specific cultural resource
requirements or restraints that could ^fect the
alternatives:
• National Historical Preservation Act (NHPA) of
1966, as amended (16 U.S.C. §§ 470, et seq.)
and implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800)
• Califomia Public Resources Code (PRC) Section
5000.1, which establishes the California
Register of Historical Resources and criteria for
eligibility. It prohibits obtaining or possessing
Native American artifacts or human remains.
This section sets procedures for notification if
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences- Section 4.3: Cultural Resources
Native American artifacts or remains are
discovered.
• American Indian Religious Freedom Act
(AIRFA) of 1978 (42 U.S.C. § 1996)
• Archaeological Resources Protection Act
(ARPA) of 1979 (16 U.S.C. §§ 470aa, as
amended, and implementing regulations at 43
CFR Part 7)
• EO 13007, Indian Sacred Sites, May 24, 1996
• Scoping comments: The United Auburn Indian
Community, composed of Miwok and Maidu
Indians, expressed interest during the SEIS and
EIR scoping phase. They requested that a
qualified archaeologist conduct a field survey of
the proposed Project site and complete a
literature search at the appropriate Information
Center associated with the California Historical
Resources Information System. They also
requested to receive notification and a copy of
the cultural resources report.
This Draft SEIS and EIR organizes cultural resource
information into the categories of prehistoric cultural
resources, historic cultural resources, and traditional
cultural properties (TCP). A cultural resource can fall
into more than one category from a long period of use
or for multiple functions.
Prehistoric Cultural Resources
Prehistoric resources refer to any material remains,
structures, and items used or modified by people
before the establishment of a European presence in
the Sacramento Valley in the early 19"^ century.
Examples of prehistoric resources in the study area
include village sites, rock shelters, rock art, water-
control features, game drives or traps, aboriginal
trails, campsites, and scatters of prehistoric artifacts.
Historic Cultural Resources
Historic resources include material remains and
landscape alterations since the arrival of Europeans
in the area. Examples in the study area include
homestead, ranching, and agricultural features;
water control features; mining features; historic
trails, roads, and railroad features; buildings and
structures in cities; Native American resources; and
scatters of historic artifacts.
Traditional Cultural Properties
TCPs are places associated with the cultural
practices or beliefs of a living community. These
sites are rooted in the community's history or are
important in maintaining cultural identity. The
relationships between these cultures and their
surroundings are as varied as the cultures
themselves. These relationships may have resulted in
the attachment of traditional, spiritual, or religious
aspects to various natural and cultural features.
Religious resources, such as sacred areas or places,
are needed for the practice of a religion. These
resources have attained a position in the religious or
spiritual history and activities of the community and
are a part of that particular culture's spiritual
survival. Very often religious resources also are
considered to be TCPs.
4.3.1.3 Characterization
Native American Consultation
Western contacted the California Native American
Heritage Commission (NAHC) to identify
appropriate Native American contacts for the study
area. In a letter dated March 23, 2007, the NAHC
identified several Tribes likely to have an interest in
the proposed Project. Westem will continue to
consult with all interested Tribes throughout the
process.
Literature Search
Westem completed archival research to determine if
any historic or archaeological sites have been
identified within the ROWs or within 1 mile of the
ROW of any of the alternatives. Westem conducted
research at the Califomia Historical Resources
Information System North Central Information
Center at Califomia State University in Sacramento
and Northeast Information Center at Califomia State
University in Chico. In addition, historic records and
maps of the General Land Office were reviewed to
identify locations of early historic roads, railroads,
residential buildings, and other potentially historic
features within or near the ROW. USGS maps
dating from the early 1950s also were examined to
determine the locations of buildings and stmctures
that could be older than 50 years within a mile of the
ROW.
Field Survev Methodoloqv
Westem evaluated previous pedestrian surveys of
portions of the proposed Project area for adequacy.
All previous surveys were either more than 10 years
old or were not surveyed at the same level of
intensity required for the SVS Draft SEIS and EIR
survey (15-meter-wide transects). A cultural
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment arid Environmental Consequences - Section 4.3: Cultural Resources
resources pedestrian survey was conducted in
August 2006 to characterize the accessible portions
of the study area for the SVS Draft SEIS and EIR
analysis (CH2M Hill 2007). The survey covered
proposed route segments within a 200-foot-wide
corridor and within a 300-foot radius surrounding all
tuming structures to accommodate pulling and
tensioning equipment. Under consultation with the
SHPO, this survey area will be extended to 700 feet
and additional survey conducted for the Preferred
Altemative. Surveyors walked the survey areas in
systematic linear transects, spaced 15 meters apart, to
locate all cultural resources. When sites were
located, the members of the survey crew examined
the areas near the original find closely in all
directions to define the contents of the site and its
boundaries.
The pedestrian inventory does not reflect a
100-percent survey of the APE. Western and the
SHPO agreed that portions of the study area could
not be surveyed because of the presence of rice fields.
In other cases, landowner did not grant permission to
access some areas. The west side of SR 99 was also
not included in the pedestrian surveys because it was
only recently identified as an alternative route; most
landowners associated with the alignment west of
SR 99 denied right of entry for surveys. Overall, it
was possible to survey only about 44 percent of the
study area. Survey coverage ranged from 43.1 to
61.1 percent for each alternative (see Table 4.3-1). A
complete survey of any remaining portions of the
final alignment and access roads will take place after
the Preferred Altemative is chosen. Western will
consult with the SHPO at that time under Section
106 of the NHPA regarding the identification and
evaluation of historic properties and the assessment
of effects on significant properties.
Westem also conducted a reconnaissance of historic
buildings and stmctures. The reconnaissance team
checked maps to determine which buildings and
stmctures were present 50 years ago. They then
examined these locations in the field to determine
which of the buildings and stmctures are still present.
In addition, Westem examined the remaining
buildings and stmctures that are older than 50 years to
determine whether these buildings retain stmctural
and design integrity and could be significant historic
structures.
Cultural Resources Identified
The letter fi'om the NAHC stated there are no known
TCPs or sacred sites located in the study area.
Field surveys identified no prehistoric cultural
resources located within the survey area. The area
outside of the Project ROW but within one mile of it
contains a prehistoric archaeological site, several
historic-era refuse deposits associated with farming
or farmsteads, and a World War 1 era feed mill.
Segment 3 would rebuild about 4.8 miles of the
115-kV Elverta-North City transmission line
between the Elverta and Natomas substations.
Segment 2C would abandon about 8.7 miles of the
Cottonwood-Roseville transmission line. The
Cottonwood-Roseville and Elverta-North City
transmission lines were constructed in 1947 and
1955, respectively. These transmission lines may be
Alternative
Total
Acres
Acres
Surveyed
Acres not Surveyed
Percent
Surveyed
Due to
Agriculture
Due to
Landowner
Due to
Dense
Vegetation/
Waters
Due to ^
Development/
Industry
A1-East
813.1
368.4
104.2
286.9
35.1
18.5
45.3%
A2-East
810.7
373.3
104.2
279.6
35.1
18.5
46.0%
A3-East
817.4
362.0
104.2
297.6
35.1
18.5
44.3%
A4-East
852.2
360.5
104.2
333.9
35.1
18.5
42.3%
A5-East
816.5
354.1
104.2
304.6
35.1
18.5
43.4%
B
756.4
454.9
100.3
150.2
32.5
18.5
60.1%
C
920.2
546.1
157.9
164.8
32.9
18.5
59.3%
Table 4.3-1. Pedestrian Archaeological Survey Coverage
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.3: Cultural Resources
eligible as historic properties because they are more
than 50 years old.
The Reclamation District 1000 Rural Historic
Landscape District is a historic property that covers
a significant portion of the southwest study area.
Several segments encounter or cross portions of this
90-square mile district. Reclamation District 1000 is
a cultural landscape with a period of significance
from 1911 to 1939. It consists of the Sacramento
River levee; several large drainage and irrigation
canals and their levees; smaller drainage and
irrigation ditches; a roadway network; eight pumping
plants; and associated landscape of large agricultural
fields bounded by roadways and water management
features. Reclamation District 1000 includes
30 linear miles of major canals and more than
150 linear miles of irrigation and drainage ditches.
This property was found eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places. Reclamation
District 1000 was documented with archival-quality
photographs, which were placed in the Historic
American Engineering Record as mitigation for a
flood control project that involved improvements to
the levee, drainage, and roadway systems. Each
segment in the study area spans at least one
contributing element of this property, including the
Cross Canal and Levee. Segments also may span
contributing elements of this district, including the
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal and East Levee;
the East Drainage Canal; Sankey, Riego, and West
Elverta roads; and the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal
and levee. Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and 2A5
also cross numerous small drainage and irrigation
canals that are not individually named but are part of
this historic landscape district. Segments 2B and 2C
encounter contributing elements to the Reclamation
District 1000 Rural Historic Landscape District.
Segment 2B spans the Cross Canal and Levee, then
runs parallel with the northeast boundary of the
district along the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal
between Howsley and Sankey roads, but outside of
the district boundary. Segment 2C spans the Cross
Canal and Levee but does not otherwise enter the
district. Segment 3 also traverses a portion of
Reclamation District 1000, along its southeastern
edge, and crosses the East Levee and Natomas East
Main Drainage Canal.
The Feather River Bypass Levee and Levee are also
potentially eligible historic properties in the Study
Area. Segment 1 would cross these properties. Sites
recorded or re-recorded during the pedestrian
archaeological survey included the former Western
Pacific Railroad ROW (still in use by the Union
Pacific Railway) (Segments 2B, 2C, and 3); the
abandoned right-of-way of the Sacramento Northem
railroad and row of abandoned telephone poles
located along this ROW (Segment 2B); a historic-
era refuse scatter in an agricultural field (Segment
1); a large refuse pile and a concrete foundation
(Segment 2B); a former farmstead site with bam and
partly collapsed shed buildings (Segment 2B); a
corral and loading chute (Segment 2C); and a
pedestrian or horse underpass through a large
earthen berm with two hitching posts (Segment 3).
Although it is not known what additional sites occur
within the portions of segments that were not
surveyed, farming-related sites of the historic era are
most likely. Prehistoric sites are also somewhat
likely near the major waterways and on the edge of
the upland terrace adjacent to the Natomas Basin.
During the buildings and stmctures reconnaissance
survey. Western identified 78 farmsteads or
buildings more than 50 years old within a mile of one
or more of the altemative routes. Westem will
conduct additional reconnaissance for the Preferred
Altemative to examine whether these properties are
architecturally or historically significant and retain
integrity. If so, Westem will determine whether the
transmission line could have an adverse effect on their
integrity of setting. This study will be conducted in
consultation with the SHPO in compliance with
Section 106 of the NHPA.
4.3.2 Environmental Consequences
Potential impacts from constmcting and operating
the proposed Project could include disturbance or
destmction of archaeological deposits. Impacts also
could result from the visual effects of introducing
new stmctural elements, affecting the integrity o^
historic building, stmcture, landscape, or TCP.
Potential impacts of ROW maintenance also might
involve ground disturbance for access road clearance
or vegetation management. Altematives requiring
constmction of new access roads would have the
highest potential for impacts to archaeological
resources. Augering new holes for transmission line
stmcture foundations would have the next largest
impact. Removing an existing transmission line
could impact archaeological resources from pulling
or digging out transmission line structures.
Constmction noise could be considered a temporary
impact to the setting of a historic property.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Erivironmental Consequences - Section 4.3: CuHural Resources
4.3.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on cultural resources would
occur under the following conditions:
• Unmitigated adverse effect to an NRHP-eligible
cultural resource or TCP; or
• Disturbance of any human remains, including
those interred outside of formal cemeteries.
4.3.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for cultural resources from Table 3-3 include
the following:
57. Before construction, all supervisory construction
personnel would be instructed by Western on
the protection of cultural, paleontological, and
ecological resources and that cultural resources
might be presented in the study area. To assist in
this effort, the construction contract would
address applicable Federal and state laws
regarding antiquities, fossils, plants, and
wildlife, including collection and removal, and
the importance of these resources and the
purpose and necessity of protecting them.
Contractors would be trained to stop work near
any discovery and notify Western's regional
environmental manager, who would ensure that
the resource is evaluated and avoided. Known
cultural resources would be fenced and a
minimum distance maintained for work
disturbances.
58. Where ground-disturbing activities are
identified, cultural resource evaluations would
be done to determine the need for field inventory.
Constmction activities would avoid all historic
properties or a special use permit or Memorandum
of Agreement would be developed in consultation
with the SHPO. Avoidance would include the
use of temporary construction fencing where
activities are planned to take place near cultural
resources sites boundaries.
59. Direct impacts to irrigation system and drainage
* canal features that are eligible for the NRHP
would be avoided during the siting of new
transmission line structures and access roads and
most other irrigation system features would be
avoided to the extent practicable in siting new
structures and access roads.
60. Cultural resources would be considered during
post-EIS phases of Project implementation.
Surveys would be completed to inventory and
evaluate cultural resources of the Preferred
Alternative, or of any components that might be
added to the project, or any existing components
that would be modified. These surveys and any
resulting property evaluation and analysis of
effects would be conducted in accordance with
Section 106 of the NHPA and in consultation
with the SHPO.
4.3.2.3 Impacts From Alternatives
Each altemative would rebuild about 4.8 miles of
the Elverta-North City and Elverta-Natomas
transmission line that is more than 50 years old and
a potential historic resource. Alternative C would
abandon an additional 8.7 miles of Cottonwood-
Roseville transmission line that is more than 50
years old and a potential historic resource. Western
would record and evaluate these transmission lines
to determine eligibility as part of SHPO
consultation.
Each altemative would cross or parallel potentially
historic resources, including the Feather River
Bypass Levee, the Feather River Levee, and a
historic-era refuse scatter along Segment 1. The
proposed Project would span the Feather River
Bypass Levee and any potential effects would likely
be indirect. The proposed Project would likely avoid
the historic-era refuse scatter, but it is possible that
constmction of access roads or stmctures could
affect this site.
Each altemative would span elements of
Reclamation District 1000, a well-preserved ordered
grid of canals, ditches, levees, roads, and large
irrigated field blocks that form an integrated mral
landscape. Altematives A1 to A5 would span Cross
Canal, then span or parallel Sankey, Riego, and
Elverta roads; the East Drainage Canal; Natomas
East Main Drainage Canal; East Levee; and a large
network of smaller irrigation and drainage ditches
that help to define the cultural landscape. Altemative
B would span the Cross Canal, then parallel the
Pleasant Grove Creek Canal, but remain outside of
the district's boundary. Cross Canal would be the
only element of Reclamation District 1000 crossed
by Altemative C.
Altemative B would mn within the abandoned
Sacramento North Railroad ROW. There would be a
direct effect on this property, as the transmission
structures would be placed on the former railroad
grade. If the railroad is determined eligible, the
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR * Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
proposed Project could be considered an adverse
effect.
Other potentially historic properties that may be
directly affected include the Western Pacific
Railroad (active as Union Pacific) (all altematives);
a tunnel and hitching post feature (all altematives); a
bam and collapsed shed and a large refuse scatter
(Altemative B); and Sorento Road (all altematives);
and a corral and loading chute (Altemative C).
The proposed Project would introduce new visual
elements and temporary constmction noise that
could potentially affect the setting of significant
historic properties for all altematives.
Westem would enter consultation with the SHPO to
identify and evaluate historic properties, including
Cottonwood-Roseville and Elverta-North City
transmission lines, Reclamation District 1000, and
determine eligibility and effect of the Preferred
Altemative. Westem's standard practice is to avoid
cultural and historic properties and TCPs. If the
potential for adverse impacts is determined, a
Memorandum of Agreement would be developed
between Westem and SHPO that would stipulate
appropriate mitigation measures.
EPMs summarized in Section 4.3.2.2 are expected to
avoid or minimize the magnitude of any cultural
resource impacts. Therefore, significant impacts
would not be expected for any altemative. Complete
inventories and eligibility and effect determinations
will be made in consultation with SHPO and other
interested agencies for the Preferred Altemative and
any potential effects on historic properties would be
resolved through that process.
4.3.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
There would be no new impacts under this
altemative. Impacts would be restricted to existing
transmission liae and access road maintenance. This
includes periodic air and ground patrols. Repair to
the transmission lines or stmctures could involve
localized ground disturbance from heavy equipment.
Vegetation removal by hand or mechanical
equipment may be necessary to improve access roads
or access to individual transmission line stmctures.
The EPMs summarized in Section 4.3.2.2 are
expected to avoid or minimize the magnitude of
cultural resource impacts; therefore, significant
impacts are not expected.
4.3.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
It is possible that past, present, and reasonably
foreseeable future projects could result in the
unmitigated loss of cultural resources or incremental
unmitigated damage to them. For example, any
intensive development in the Natomas Basin would
tend to incrementally reduce the historical integrity
of Reclamation District 1000 as a mral historic
landscape in ways that may or may not be fully
taken into account by mitigation measures. Some
impacts to cultural resources would be evaluated and
resolved as individual projects are permitted and
constmcted. The effects of development over a large
area can result in the loss of information that would
be otherwise available from archaeological deposits
that this development removes or damages.
4.3.2.6 Summary of Impacts
Results from the cultural resources analysis indicate
that the proposed Project would not have any
direct, indirect, or cumulatively significant,
unmitigated or residual effects on archaeological or
other cultural resources.
4.4 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC
FIELDS
4.4.1 Affected Environment
Both voltage and current are required to transmit
electrical energy over a transmission line. Current, a
flow of electrical charge measured in amperes, is the
source of a magnetic field. Voltage represents the
potential for an electrical charge to do work and is
measured in volts (V) or kV. Voltage is the source of
an electrical field.
The possibility of adverse health effects from
electric and magnetic fields (EMF) exposure has ^
increased public concem in recent years about living
near high-voltage transmission lines. The available
evidence has not established that such fields pose a
significant health hazard to exposed humans.
However, the same evidence does not prove that
there is no hazard. Therefore, in light of present
uncertainty, this section discusses issues, as well as
Westem's policy to reduce such fields where
feasible, until the issue is better understood.
4.4.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area is the transmission line ROW and
any structures (buildings, other transmission lines,
etc.) within 200 feet of this ROW. All transmission
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
lines for the proposed Project would be operated at
230 kV.
4.4.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Ail transmission lines generate EMF. The existing
and new transmission lines would generate similar
EMF. The electrical effects of a transmission line
can be characterized as "corona effects" and "field
effects." Corona is the electrical breakdown of air
into charged particles. It is caused by the electrical
field at the surface of conductors. Field effects are
induced currents and voltages, as well as related
effects that might occur as a result of EMF at ground
level.
Issues of concern identified during the original EIS
and the SEIS and EIR included: human health and
safety hazards from direct and cumulative EMF
exposure, EMF effects on livestock, and television
interference.
Corona Effects
Corona can occur on the conductors, insulators, and
hardware of an energized high-voltage transmission
line. Corona on conductors occurs at locations where
the field has been enhanced by protrusions, such as
nicks, insects, dust, or drops of water. During fair
weather, the number of these sources is small, and
the corona effect is less than significant. However,
during wet weather, the number of these sources
increases and corona effects are much greater.
Effects of corona are audible noise, radio and
television interference, visible light, and
photochemical reactions.
• Audible Noise—Corona-generated audible noise
from transmission lines is generally
characterized as a crackling/hissing noise. The
noise is most noticeable during wet-weather
conditions. Audible noise from transmission
lines is often lost in the background noise at
locations beyond the edge of the ROW.
• Radio and Television Interference—Corona-
• generated radio interference is most likely to
affect the amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast
band (535 to 1,705 kilohertz); frequency
modulation (FM) radio is rarely affected. Only
AM receivers located very near to transmission
lines have the potential to be affected by radio
interference. Television interference from
corona effects occurs during bad weather, and is
generally of concem for transmission lines with
a voltage of 345 kV or more and only for
receivers within about 600 feet of the line.
• Visible Light—Corona is visible as a bluish
glow or as bluish plumes. On the transmission
lines in the area, the corona levels are so low
that the corona on the conductors would be
observable only under the darkest conditions
with the aid of binoculars.
• Photochemical Reactions—When corona is
present, the air surrounding the conductors is
ionized and many chemical reactions take place,
producing small amounts of O3 and other
oxidants. Approximately 90 percent of the
oxidant is O3, while the remaining 10 percent is
composed principally of NOx. The maximum
incremental O3 levels at ground level produced
by corona activity on the transmission lines
during bad weather would be less than 1 part per
billion (ppb). This level is less than significant
when compared to natural levels and their
fluctuations.
Field Effects
The electric field created by a high-voltage
transmission line extends from the energized
conductors to other conducting objects such as the
ground, transmission structures, vegetation,
buildings, vehicles, and persons. The electric field is
measured in units of kV/meter (m), at a height of 1
m above ground level. Field effects can include
induced currents, steady-state current shocks, spark
discharge shocks, and in some cases, field
perception.
• Induced Currents—When a conducting object,
such as an ungrounded fence, vehicle, or person,
is placed in an electric field, current and voltages
are induced. The magnitude of the induced
current depends on the electric-field strength and
size and shape of the object. The induced
currents and voltages represent a potential
source of nuisance shocks near a high-voltage
transmission line. Western's transmission line
design practices place high-voltage transmission
lines high above objects to reduce the potential
for nuisance shocks. In addition, permanent
structures in the ROW, such as fences, gates,
and metal buildings are grounded.
• Spark-Discharge Shocks—If the induced
voltage was sufficiently high on an ungrounded
object, a spark-discharge shock would occur as
contact is made with the ground. Under
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR - Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
Western's transmission line design practices, the
magnitude of the electric field would be low
enough that this type of shock would occur
rarely, if at all. Carrying or handling conducting
objects, such as irrigation pipe, under
transmission lines can result in spark discharges
that are a nuisance. The primary hazard with
irrigation pipes or any other long objects,
however, is electrical flashover from the
conductors if a section of pipe is inadvertently
tipped up near the conductors.
• Steady-State Current Shocks—Steady-state
currents are those that flow continuously after a
person contacts an object, such as an
ungrounded fence, and provides a path to
ground for the induced current. The effects of
these shocks may include involuntary movement
in a person.
• Field Perception and Neurobehavioral
Responses—When the electric field under a
transmission line is sufficiently strong, it can be
perceived by hair rising on the back of one's
hand. At locations directly under the conductors,
it is possible for some individuals to perceive the
field while standing on the ground. Perception of
the field does not occur at or beyond the edge of
the ROW.
Magnetic Field
A 60-hertz magnetic field is created in the space
around transmission line conductors by the electric
current flowing in the conductors. The magnetic
field is expressed in units of microteslas (pT) and in
gauss or milligauss (mG), where 1 mO is one
thousandth of a gauss (1 pT = 10 mG). The
maximum magnetic fields of transmission lines are
similar to the maximum magnetic fields measured
near some common household appliances. The
actual level of magnetic field would vary as the
current on the ttansmission line and the distance to
the line varies. No established health-based limits
exist for peak magnetic fields. A possible short-term
effect associated with magnetic fields from
altemating current transmission lines is induced
voltages and currents in long-conducting objects
such as ungrounded fences and aboveground
pipelines.
Health Effects
While there is considerable uncertainty about the
EMF/health effects issue, the following facts have
been established from the available information and
have been used to establish Westem's existing
policies;
• Any exposure-related health risk to the exposed
individual likely would be small.
• The most biologically significant types of
exposures have not been established.
• Most health concerns are about the magnetic
field.
• The measures employed for such field reduction
can affect line safety, reliability, efficiency, and
maintainability, depending on the type and
extent of such measures.
No Federal regulations have established
environmental limits on the strengths of fields from
power lines. However, the Federal government
continues to conduct and encourage EMF research.
In light of the present uncertainty, several states
have opted for design-driven regulations ensuring
that fields from new transmission lines are similar to
those from existing lines. Some states (Florida,
Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, and Montana)
have set specific environmental limits on one or both
fields. These limits, however, are not based on any
specific health effects. Most regulatory agencies
believe that health-based limits are inappropriate at
this time. They also believe that the present
knowledge of the issue does not justify any retrofit
of existing lines.
The State of California Department of Education
enacted regulations that require minimum distances
between a new school and the edge of a transmission
line ROW. The setback distances are 100 feet from
the edge of the transmission line ROW for 50- to
133-kV lines, 150 feet from the edge of the
transmission line ROW for 220- to 230-kV lines, *
and 350 feet from the edge of the transmission line
ROW for 500- to 550-kV lines. These distances
were not based on specific biological evidence, but
on the known fact that fields from power lines drop
to near background levels at those distances. In 1993,
the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)
authorized the state's investor-owned utilities to
implement "no and low-cost EMF avoidance
measures" in the constmction of new and upgraded
utility projects. This authorization was affirmed by
the CPUC in January 2006 (CPUC 2006). Western is
not subject to state regulations nor is Westem an
investor-owned utility; however, Westem has field-
reducing guidelines for designing new and upgraded
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
transmission lines. California has no other rules
governing EMF.
Before the present health-based concern developed,
measures to reduce field effects from power line
operations were mostly aimed at the electric field
component, which can cause radio noise, audible
noise, and nuisance shocks. The present focus is on
magnetic fields, because these can penetrate building
materials and potentially produce the types of
health impacts at the root of the present concern. It
is important for perspective to note that an individual
in a home could be exposed for short periods to much
stronger fields while using some common household
appliances (NIEHS 1995; DOE 1995). Scientists
have not established which types of exposures
would be more biologically meaningful. High-level
magnetic field exposures regularly occur in areas
other than the power line environment. Examples of
magnetic fields at particular distances from
household appliance surfaces are listed in
Table 4.4-1.
4.4.1.3 Characterization
The proposed Project would involve construction of
230-kV transmission lines, in various
configurations: single-, double-, and parallel single-
circuit lines. EMF measured under the lines and at
the edge of the ROW would vary, depending upon
the configuration of the circuits and operation of the
lines. Circuits placed parallel to each other tend to
cancel EMF, thus reducing the measured fields
under the lines and at the edge of the ROW. Fields
and currents can be induced on nearby ungrounded
fences, irrigation pipes, and other metallic objects.
4.4.2 Environmental Consequences
4.4.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect from EMF would occur under
the following conditions:
• EMF avoidance practices are not conducted in
the design and operation of the transmission
line.
• The distance between the edge of ROW and the
edge of the property line of an existing or an
approved school site is less than 150 feet.
4.4.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPM Number 61 for EMF is listed in Table 3-3. It
states that Westem would respond to complaints of
radio or television interference generated by the
transmission line and would take appropriate
actions.
SMUD has an established EMF program and policy.
The program includes the following:
• SMUD will continue to follow studies of EMF.
• As results become available, customer owners
and employees will be informed through public
workshops and publications.
Table 4.4-1. Magnetic Fields from Household Ap
pliance Surfaces
Appliance
Mllligauss at 1 foot
Milligauss at 3 feet
Can opener
7.19 to 163.02
1.3 to 6.44
Clock
0.34 to 13.18
0.03 to 0.68
Clothes iron
1.66 to 2.93
0.25 to 0.37
Coffee machine
0.09 to 7.30
0 to 0.61
Computer monitor
0.20 to 134.7
0.01 to 9.37
Dishwasher
4.98 to 8.91
0.84 to 1.63
Fax machine
0.16
0.03
Portable fan
0.04 to 85.64
0.03 to 3.12
Range
0.60 to 35.39
0.05 to 2.83
Television
1.80 to 12.99
0.07 to 1.11
Source: Zaffanella 1997
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
• Pending definite results of the research, SMUD
will adopt practices, where practical, which will
minimize potential EMF exposure from new
transmission and distribution facilities.
• SMUD will actively support and participate in
research projects and electric utility groups
studying the relationship between EMF and
human health.
SMUD's EMF policy will include the practice of
"prudent avoidance" which can help reduce
customer's exposure to EMF while the research
continues. SMUD's practice of prudent avoidance
will include:
• Designing and building future SMUD
transmission and distribution facilities to limit
EMF levels.
• Providing information to concemed customer-
owners and employees about measures they can
take to reduce their exposure to EMF.
• Advising designers and contractors on the
placement of electrical equipment in new
buildings.
• Loaning meters to customer-owners and
employees to survey magnetic fields in their
homes and businesses.
• Dedicating an Environmental Specialist to
follow EMF studies and answer customer and
employee's prudent avoidance and EMF
questions.
• Providing an EMF answer-line which connects
customers directly to SMUD's Environmental
Specialist.
• SMUD staff shall keep the Board of Directors
informed about the implementation of this
program including costs and results of ongoing
EMF research.
4.4.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Westem follows Federal laws and regulations for
designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating
its transmission lines. Impacts from proposed Project
altematives would be relatively similar. A discussion
of the impacts from EMF effects is presented below:
• Audible Noise—No design-specific Federal
regulations exist to limit audible noise from
transmission lines. No noise codes are applicable
to transmission lines in California. Audible
noise from transmission lines associated with
proposed Project altematives is limited instead
through design and maintenance standards
established from industry research and
experience as effective without significant
impacts on line safety, efficiency,
maintainability, and reliability.
Noise levels depend on the strength of the line
electric field. The potential for occurrence can
be assessed from estimates of the field strengths
expected during operation. Such noise is usually
generated during wet weather and from lines
345 kV or higher. Research by EPRI (1982)
validated this by showing the fair weather
audible noise from modem transmission lines of
less than 500 kV to be indistinguishable from
background noise at the edge of a 100-foot
ROW.
Several studies have been conducted related to the
potential health effects of fields. A summary of
some of those studies follows.
Paper by Dr. Sander Greenland, "A Pooled Analysis of Magnetic Files, Wire Codes, and
♦ Childhood Leukemia"
A paper by Dr. Sander Greenland (University of California, Los Angeles) and colleagues entitled "A Pooled Analysis of Magnetic
Fields, Wire Codes, and Childhood Leukemia" (Greenland 2000) was published in the joumal Epidemiology. The work was
funded by NIEHS (EPRI 2000).
The authors concluded:
— An effect of magnetic fields below 0.3 pT (3 [mG]) is unlikely or too small to detect in epidemiological studies.
— There is suggestive evidence that an association between magnetic fields greater than 0.3 pT (3 mG) and childhood leukemia
exists.
— Magnetic fields show a more constant association with childhood leukemia than wire code does.
— Future studies of EMF and childhood leukemia should focus on highly exposed populations.
4-36
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
National Environmental Health Science Reports
In June 1999, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) released its report, Health Effects from
Exposure to Power-line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields (NIEHS 1999). The report's Executive Summary
concludes that "extremely-low-frequency electric and magnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure cannot be recognized as entirely
safe because of weak scientific evidence that exposure may pose a leukemia hazard. In our opinion (NIEHS), this finding
is insufficient to warrant aggressive regulatory concern. However, because virtually everyone in the U.S. uses electricity
and therefore is routinely exposed to ELF-EMF, passive regulatory action is warranted such as a continued emphasis on
educating both the public and the regulated community on means aimed at reducing exposures. The NIEHS does not believe
that other cancers or noncancer health outcomes provide sufficient evidence of a risk to currently warrant concern."
Nevertheless, the report goes on to recommend some actions: "In summary, the NIEHS believes that there is weak
evidence for possible health effects from ELF-EMF exposures, and until stronger evidence changes this opinion,
inexpensive and safe reductions in exposure should be encouraged (Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI] 1999)."
The NIEHS report, submitted to Congress, is the culmination of a long-term commitment under the Research and Public
Information Dissemination (RAPID) Project, which began with the Energy Policy Act of 1992. RAPID's objective was to
accelerate applied EMF research with a focused program supported by matching funds from the Federal government and
the private sector. The electric utility industry provided most of the private sector funds.
The most significant source for the NIEHS report was the NIEHS Working Group (The Working Group) Report, which
resulted from a 9-day meeting in June 1998. The Working Group considered all literature to be relevant to the potential
effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields on health, including cancers of several types, adverse pregnancy
outcomes, chronic illnesses (for example, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and neurobehavioral
changes (for example, depression, learning, and performance). The Working Group found limited support for a causal
relationship between childhood leukemia and residential exposure to EMF, and between adult chronic lymphocyte leukemia
and employment on jobs with potentially high magnetic field exposure. Based on this assessment and charged with ranking
EMF according to International Agency for Research on Cancer criteria, the Working Group assigned EMF a 28 ranking, which
translates to "possible human carcinogen." For all other health outcomes, the Working Group concluded that the evidence
was inadequate.
Although regulatory actions are not in the purview of NIEHS, they suggest "the power industry continue its current practice
of siting power lines to reduce exposures and continue to explore ways to reduce the creation of magnetic fields around
transmission and distribution lines without creating new hazards. We also encourage technologies that lower exposures
from neighborhood distribution lines provided that they do not increase other risks, such as those from accidental
electrocution or fire."
Paper by Dr. Anders Ahlbom, Karolinska Institute, Sweden, "Childhood Leukemia and
Electromagnetic Radiation - A Review of Epidemiological Studies"
A paper describing the results of a pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukemia was published in the September
2000 issue of British Journal of Cancer. Dr. Anders Ahlbom (Karolinska Institute, Sweden) and colleagues conducted the analysis
funded by the European Union (Ahlbom 2000). This pooled analysis is based on original, individual-level data, unlike meta¬
analysis, which is based on published results combined from previous epidemiological studies to examine whether there is an
association between magnetic fields and leukemia (EPRI 2000).
The authors concluded:
— "We did not find any evidence of an increased risk of childhood leukemia at residential magnetic field levels lesAhan 0.4 pT (4
mG). However, we did find a statistically significant relative risk estimate of two for childhood leukemia in children with
. residential exposure to EMF greater than 0.4 pT (4 mG) during the year before diagnosis. Less than one percent of subjects
were in this highest exposure category. The results did not cfiange following adjustment for the potential confounders. In
addition, the existence of the so-called wire code paradox could not be confirmed."
— "The explanation for the elevated risk is unknown but selection bias may have accounted for some of the increase."
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
Report by the Department of Health Services, State of California, "An Evaluation of the
Possible Risks from Electric and Magnetic Fields from Power Lines, Internal Wiring,
Electrical Occupations, and Appliances"
In response to a requirement of the Caiifomia Public Utilities Commission, the California Department of Health Services (DHS)
initiated research on the possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields created by the use of electricity. While the report
does not include recommendations on how to protect against the identified health risks, it does recommend further research.
The final report, dated June 2002, asked three DHS scientists to review studies to examine the potential biological and health
effects resulting from EMF exposure. The scientists made the following conclusions:
— To one degree or another, all three of the DHS scientists are inclined to believe that EMF can cause some degree of increased
risk of childhood leukemia, adult brain cancer, Lou Gehrig's Disease, and miscarriage.
— They strongly believe that EMFs do not increase the risk of birth defects, or low birth weight.
— They strongly believe that EMFs are not universal carcinogens, because there are a number of cancer types that are not
associated with EMF exposure.
— To one degree or another, they are inclined to believe that EMFs do not cause an increased risk of breast cancer, heart disease,
Alzheimer's Disease, depression, or symptoms attributed by some to sensitivity to EMF.
— All three scientists had judgments that were "close to the dividing line between believing and not believing" that EMFs cause
some degree of increased risk of suicide.
— For adult leukemia, two of the scientists are "close to the dividing line between believing or not believing" and one was "prone
to believe" that EMFs cause some degree of increased risk.
Report by the United Kingdom National Radiological Protection Board, "Review of the
Scientific Evidence for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0-300 GHz)"
In 2004, at the request of the UK Department of Health, the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) published the "Review
of the Scientific Evidence for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0-300 GHz)" (NRPB 2004). Conclusions of the review
include:
— Power frequency magnetic fields have no effect on human chromosomes and therefore are very unlikely to cause cancer.
Research found no support for the hypothesis that there is a causal connection between magnetic fields and childhood
leukemia.
— Exposure for long periods to magnetic fields significantly stronger than those near power lines or domestic appliances
produced no evidence of damage to chromosomes leading to aberrations, nor any change in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
repair mechanisms that operate after damage caused by a mutagenic agent (typically DNA damage produced by gamma
radiation).
— At the cellular level, there is no clear evidence that exposure to power frequency EMF at levels likely to be encountered can
affect biological processes that are implicated in causing cancer.
For the proposed Project, low-corona design
would minimize the potential for corona-related
audible noise. This means upgraded, modified,
and new transmission lines would add a small
incrementai noise level to existing background
noise levels.
• Radio and Television Interference—
Transmission line-related radio frequency
interference is an indirect effect of line operation
produced by the physical interactions of line
electric fields. The level of interference usually
depends on the magnitude of the electric fields
involved. The potential for such interference is
usually only of concern for transmission lines of
345 kV and above and not the 230-kV
transmission lines associated with the proposed
Project. The lines would be constructed
according to Western's standards, which
minimize the potential for surface irregularities
(nicks and scratches on the conductor), sharp •
edges on suspension hardware, and other
irregularities.
However, if such interference occurred, Western
would implement practices to eliminate it such
as by appropriate line maintenance and antenna
modification.
• Visible Light—On the transmission lines for
the proposed Project, the corona would be
similar to those on existing lines. The visible
corona on the conductors would be seen only
under the darkest conditions with the aid of
binoculars and would not be significant.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmer)tal Consequences - Secfon 4.4: Electric And Magnetic Fields
• Photochemical Reactions—The maximum
incremental O3 levels at ground level produced by
corona activity on the new transmission lines
would be similar to that produced by existing
lines in the area. During rain or fog, O3 produced
would be less than 1 ppb. This level is less than
significant when compared to natural levels and
their fluctuations.
• Induced Currents—The magnitude of the
induced currents depends on the electric field
strength and size and shape of the object. Under
Western's transmission line design practices,
high-voltage transmission lines are placed high
above objects on the ground to reduce the
potential for these shocks. In addition,
pennanent structures in the ROW, such as
fences, gates, and metal buildings, would be
grounded. Induced currents would be less than
significant for the proposed Project.
• Steady-State Current Shocks—The proposed
Project would be constructed according to
Western's design practices to prevent hazardous
shocks from direct or indirect human contact
with overhead energized line. Western would
also follow National Electrical Safety Code
standards to prevent shock. Therefore, these
lines are not expected to pose any such hazards
to humans.
• Spark-Discharge Nuisance Shocks—Under
Westem's transmission line design practices, the
magnitude of the electric field would be low
enough that this type of shock would occur
rarely, if at all. Under current Western practice,
the potential for nuisance shocks would be
minimized through standard grounding
procedures. Ensuring adequate ground clearance
would minimize the potential for the electrical
charging.
• Field Perception and Neurobehavioral
Responses—Perception of the field associated
with the new transmission lines would not be
detected beyond the edge of the ROW. Persons
working within the ROW (for example, farmers)
might feel the field. Studies of short-tenn
exposure to electric fields have shown that some
people may perceive fields (such as felt
movement of arm hair) at levels of about 2
to 10 kV/m, but studies of controlled short-tenn
exposures to even higher levels in laboratory
studies have shown no adverse effects on normal
physiology, mood, or ability to perform tasks.
The International Commission on Non Ionizing
Radiation Protection (ICNIRP 1990) guidelines
propose that short-tenn exposures be limited to
10 kV/m for the general public. This level could
occur directly below the proposed transmission
line but would decrease with distance from the
centerline.
• Magnetic Fields—The maximum magnetic
fields of the transmission lines for the proposed
Project would be comparable with the maximum
magnetic fields measured near some common
household appliances (NIEHS 1995; DOE 1995).
The actual level of magnetic field would vary as
the current on the transmission line varies and as
the height of the line above ground varies. No
established regulatory limits exist for peak
magnetic fields.
Siting and designing transmission lines incorporates
prudent avoidance of residences, schools, hospitals,
and other facilities where people may reside for
extended periods of time. For this project, sensitive
receptors would be avoided. Transmission lines
would not pass within 150 feet of any existing or
proposed new school sites. The Elverta Joint
Elementary School is the nearest school or daycare
center to any of the segments and is located about
1,000 feet from the termination of Segment 2C2.
Therefore, potential exposure to EMF is less than
significant.
The medical and scientific communities generally
agree that the available research evidence has not
demonstrated that EMF creates a health risk. However,
they also agree that the evidence has not dismissed the
possibility of such a risk. Finally, they agree that
while this is an important issue that needs resolution,
it is uncertain when such a resolution will occur. The
present scientific uncertainty means that public
health officials cannot establish any standard or
level of exposure that is known to be either safe or
harmful. *
4.4.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, power shortages
would be more frequent than shortages under the
proposed Project. No changes to existing EMF
conditions would be expected.
4.4.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
No environmental standards or any health-based
standards exist that indicate that EMF is a risk from
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-39
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.5: Environmental Justice
past, present, and future transmission lines and this
proposed Project would not contribute to a
cumulative impact.
4.4.2.6 Summary of Impacts
No significant direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts
from EMF would be expected from any of the
proposed Project alternatives.
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
This section analyzes the distributional patterns of
high-minority and low-income populations within
census blocks and characterizes the distribution of
such populations as they relate to the proposed
Project. This analysis focuses on whether Project
impacts have the potential to affect high-minority
populations and low-income communities
disproportionately, thus creating an adverse
environmental justice (EJ) impact.
On February 11, 1994, President Clinton issued an
"Executive Order on Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations" 59 FR 7629 (1994),
designed to focus attention on environmental and
human health conditions in areas of high-minority
populations and low-income communities and to
promote non-discrimination in programs and
projects substantially affecting human health and the
environment. Executive Order 12898 requires
agencies to identify and address any
disproportionately high and adverse human health
or environmental effects of their programs, policies,
and activities on minority and/or low-income
populations.
In 1997, the EPA's Office of Environmental Justice
released the Environmental Justice Implementation
Plan, supplementing the EPA EJ strategy and
providing a framework for developing specific plans
and guidance for implementing Executive Order
12898. Federaf agencies received a framework for
the assessment of EJ in the EPA's Guidance for
Incorporating Environmental Justice Concerns in
EPA's NEPA Compliance Analysis in 1998. This
approach emphasizes the importance of selecting an
analytical process appropriate to the unique
circumstances of the potentially affected community.
Minority populations, as defined by this guidance
document, are identified where either:
• The minority population of the affected area is
greater than 50 percent of the affected area's
general population; or
• The minority population percentage of the area
is meaningfully greater than the minority
population percentage in the general population
or other appropriate unit of geographic analysis.
Consistent with the definition of minority populations,
many EJ analyses in environmental review documents
apply the 50-percent threshold to the identification
of low-income populations as well. Specifically,
low-income populations are identified where either:
• The low-income population of the affected area
is greater than 50 percent of the affected area's
general population; or
• The low-income population percentage of the
area is meaningfully greater than the low-
income population percentage in the general
population or other appropriate unit of
geographic analysis.
The State of California has a number of legislative
actions associated with EJ. For example, under
Assembly Bill 1553 (signed in 2001), the
Governor's Office of Planning and Research is
required to adopt guidelines for addressing EJ issues
in local agencies' general plans.
4.5.1 Affected Environment
4.5.1.1 Resource Study Area
The EJ study area includes census blocks that are
within 0.5 mile of the centerline along segment
corridors. A large portion of the proposed Project
area would traverse private property or run along
existing easements owned by Western. The EJ study
area includes both urban and rural areas, including
the Sacramento metropolitan area.
4.5.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
EJ considerations focus on the potential for
disproportionate impacts resulting from Federal
activities on minority populations, low-income
communities, and tribes. Impacts could occur
temporarily during construction and for the long term
after construction.
4.5.1.3 Characterization
Minority Populations. For the purposes of this
analysis, U.S. Census Year 2000 minority
population data is presented by census block to
characterize the ethnic makeup of the study area.
The U.S. Census defines minorities as individuals
who are members of the following population
440
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.5: Environmental Justice
groups: American Indian or Alaskan Native; Asian or
Pacific Islander; Black not of Hispanic origin; or
Hispanic. Table 4.5-1 provides population
percentages for the minority populations within
census blocks presented in Figure 4.5-1.
Three census blocks within the study area contained
minority populations greater than 50 percent, but as
a whole, only 31.7 percent of the census blocks in
the study area contained more than 50 percent
minority populations. About 34 percent of the
Segment 1 study area traversed census blocks with
more than 50 percent minority populations.
Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4,2A5,2B, and 2C
did not traverse any census blocks that contained
more than 50 percent minority populations. Segment
3 ends about 0.5 mile from a census block with a
minority population greater than 50 percent.
Low-Income Populations. The U.S. Census Bureau
defines low-income populations by comparing the
household income of a given area to that same area's
weighted poverty thresholds established by the U.S.
Department of Finance (U.S. Census 2006).
Table 4.5-2 presents the low-income population
profile for census blocks presented in Figure 4.5-2.
Table 4.5-1. Study Area Minority Population Profile by Census Block
Figure 4.S-1
Identification
Census Block
Population
Minority Population
Percent
Minority
1
60670070011
1,442
865
60.0
2
60670070081
982
255
26.0
3
60670071002
220
47
21.4
4
60670071001
890
323
36.3
5
60670072083
449
22
4.9
6
60670072081
665
147
22.1
7
60670072064
704
116
16.5
8
60670072063
840
163
19.4
9
60670072062
707
128
18.1
10
60610213012
1,012
161
15.9
11
61010511004
851
180
21.2
12
61010511003
363
141
38.8
13
61010511002
663
97
14.6
14
61010510001
1,108
572
51.6
15
61010509004
317
136
42.9
16
61010509003
253
158
62.5
17
61010510002
1,356
551
40.6
18
61010509001
381
127
33.3
TOTAL
NA
13,203
4,189
31.7
Source; 2000 U.S. Census
None of the study area traverses census blocks with
low-income populations that exceeded 50 percent; in
fact, the highest percentage low-income population
in a study area census block was 28.9 percent.
4.5.2 Environmental Consequences
4.5.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to EJ would occur under the
following condition:
• Low-income or minority populations in the
study area are disproportionately affected.
4.5.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs described in the air quality, cultural resources,
EMF, health and safety, noise impact assessments,
and socioeconomic sections would help minimize
and avoid adverse impacts to minority and low-
income populations (see Table 3-3).
Sacramento Area VoHage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-41
Percent of minority populatbn within
Census Btock Groups
0%-12.5%
12.5% - 25%
25% - 37.5%
37.5% - 50%
50% - 62.5%
62.5% - 75%
Proposed Lines
Western Transmission Lines
75% - 87.5% I 3 I Census Block Group ID Number
87.5% - 100%
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.5-1
Minority Population
Distribution
N
A
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.5: Environmental Justice
Table 4.5-2. Study Area Low-Income Population Profile by Census Block
Figure 4.5-2
Identification
Census Block
Population for
Whom Poverty was
Determined
Income Below
Poverty Level
Percent
Low-Income
1
60670070011
1,414
408
28.9
2
60670070081
982
47
4.8
3
60670071002
220
12
5.5
4
60670071001
885
121
13.7
5
60670072083
449
37
8.2
6
60670072081
642
80
12.5
7
60670072064
704
71
10.1
8
60670072063
840
92
11.0
9
60670072062
691
83
12.0
10
60610213012
1,012
87
8.6
11
61010511004
851
161
18.9
12
61010511003
363
71
19.6
13
61010511002
663
58
8.8
14
61010510001
1,108
284
25.6
15
61010509004
317
20
6.3
16
61010509003
253
44
17.4
17
61010510002
1,354
241
17.8
18
61010509001
381
90
23.6
TOTAL
NA
13,129
2,007
15.3
Source: 2000 U.S. Census
4.5.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Construction and operation of the proposed Project
would not result in disproportionate impacts on
minority and/or low-income populations. The study
area covers 18 census blocks in portions of Placer,
Sacramento, and Sutter counties with a combined
minority population of 4,189 (31.7 percent). Segment
1 is common to each altemative and traverses two
census blocks with high minority populations.
Segment 3 is common to each altemative and is near
one census block with high minority populations.
The majority of Segments 1 and 3 (73 percent)
traverse areas that do not contain high minority
populations; therefore, environmental impacts
associated with constmction or operations would not
disproportionately affect minority populations in the
Project area.
The study area contains 2,007 low-income
individuals in the workforce or 15.3 percent of the
study area population. Because the potentially
affected low-income population accounts for such a
small percentage, environmental impacts associated
with construction or operations woul3 not
disproportionately affect the low-income populations
in the study area.
Participation in the proposed Project by Indian tribes
and other potentially affected minorities and the
effects of potential rate increases were issues
identified during the public scoping process. Rate
increases might affect low-income populations more
than others. While rate increases are not included in
the proposed Project, they could occur as a result of
the added cost of improving Westem's and SMUD's
transmission systems.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-43
Percent of low-income population within
Census Bbck Groups
0%-12.5%
12.5% - 25%
25% - 37.5%
37.5% - 50%
50% - 62.5%
62.5% - 75%
75% - 87.5%
87.5% - 100%
3
Proposed Lines
Western Transmission Lines
Census Block Group ID Number
J
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.5-2
Low-Income Population
Distribution
N
A
□miim
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.6: Floodplains
A number of sections in this SVS Draft SEIS and
EIR have identified less-than-significant impacts
resulting from Project construction and
implementation, including air resources, cultural
resources, EMF, floodplains, geology, health and
safety, noise, paleontology, socioeconomics, soils,
traffic, and water resources. Implementation of
EPMs would result in less-than-significant impacts
for Project construction and operations for biological
resources, land use, and wetlands. Impacts appear to
affect each alternative relatively equally. Therefore,
no environmental impacts would be
disproportionately distributed to minority
populations in the proposed Project area.
4.5.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, power outages may
be more frequent than outages under the proposed
Project. Power outages can have a disproportionate
impact on low-income and minority workers with
hourly wages, as opposed to salaries, who work for
manufacturing and other businesses particularly
affected by disruptions in power service. This impact
likely would be less than significant.
4.5.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Currently, the overall study area does not contain a
minority or low-income population greater than 50
percent. Past and present land use in the proposed
Project area was primarily agricultural. The
Sacramento Valley has seen population growth for
the last 20 years and development is expected to
continue in Sutter and Placer counties and to extend
north from the city of Sacramento into the study
area, as further discussed in Section 4.9. Foreseeable
development would increase construction
employment, housing, and tax base within the study
area. Therefore, the cumulative impacts would be
beneficial to the socioeconomics of the area.
4.5.2.6 Summary of Impacts
^o significant direct, indirect, or cumulative
impacts to environmental justice would result from
the proposed Project or the No Action Alternative.
4.6 FLOODPLAINS
4.6.1 Affected Environment
This section describes existing floodplain conditions
within the study area and how the proposed Project
alternatives would affect floodplains. Floodplains
perform the natural, vital function of conveying and
dissipating the volume and energy of peak, surface
runoff flows downstream. Periodic flood flows form
and sustain specific habitat types (such as wetland
and riparian areas) within the floodplains (see
Section 4.2 for a discussion of habitat types and
Section 4.17 for wetlands). Environmental
regulations have been developed to preserve
unimpaired flood flows through established
floodplains, prevent flood-related damage to
downstream resources, and protect unique habitat
types and species. These regulations include EO
11988 and Floodplain Management (42 Federal
Register [FR] 26951, May 24, 1977). DOE has
established procedures for compliance with EO
11988 at lOCFR Part 1022.
4.6.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area includes floodplain portions of the
Sutter Bypass, Feather River, and associated smaller
tributary floodplains crossed by or along the
proposed Project transmission ROW alignments.
Floodplains within the study area were determined
by reviewing the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) maps of delineated floodplains.
Floodplains for the larger tributaries are constrained
by levees to prevent extensive overbank flooding
and convey peak flows downstream. In some
locations, the levees have been set back, expanding
the area available to flooding to reinstate a more
natural local flood regime.
4.6.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
The issue of concem is that structure footings and
access roads may alter or impair the ability of
floodplains to convey or obstruct flows, decrease
bank stability, and increase erosion. Reduced
floodplain capacity may adversely impact lives and
property downstream, as well as a wide variety of
natural resources downstream. There are two types of
floodplains in the study area: (1) the l5o-year
floodplain has a 1 percent chance of flooding in any
given year and (2) the 500-year floodplain has a
0.2 percent chance of flooding in any given year.
This likelihood of occurrence is based on historic
hydrology; future flood flows may be more or less
frequent.
4.6.1.3 Characterization
Segment 1; Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, 2B,
and 2Ci; and Segment 3 cross through the 100- and
500-year floodplains of the various watercourses
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-45
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.6: Flood plains
between O'Banion and Natomas Substations.
Figure 4.6-1 shows segment alignments within
floodplains. Table B-1 in Appendix B summarizes
acreage crossed by each segment within the 100- and
500-year floodplains.
All of Segment 1 is within either a 100- or 500-year
floodplain. O'Banion Substation is within the
100- and 500-year floodplains. From MP 0.0 to 8.9,
the segment follows the Sutter Bypass which is the
border between the 100- and 500-year floodplain
designations. The 100-year floodplain is on the west
side of the alignment, and the 500-year floodplain on
the east side of the alignment. The majority of
Segment 1 is within the 500-year floodplain. The
Sutter Bypass carries excess flood flows from the
Sacramento River and discharges these waters to
low-lying areas. From MP 8.9 to 10.8, the segment
crosses a 500-year floodplain, and from MP 10.8 to
11.6, it crosses the 100-year floodplain associated
with the Feather River. The alignment between MP
11.8 and 17.0 is within a 500-year floodplain,
primarily crossing rice fields protected by levees and
spanning Coon Creek at MP 13.3.
Segments 2A1 through 2A5 proceed along Cross
Canal, which is the border between the 100- and
500-year floodplains. The 100-year floodplain is on
the south side of the alignment, and the 500-year
floodplain is on the north side of the alignment. The
2A segments lie completely within the 100-year
floodplain south of Cross Canal.
Segment 2B lies in the 100-year floodplain from
MP 0.0 to 6.0, MP 6.5 to 7.1, and MP 7.9 to 9.4.
The remaining portions of the alignment fall outside
of the 100- and 500-year floodplain.
Segment 2Ci crosses the 100-year floodplain from
MP 0.0 to 3.0 and MP 3.5 to 4.5. The alignment
crosses two perennial creeks and their associated
100-year floodplains at MP 5.9 and 7.5 and lies
within the 100-year floodplain from MP 8.0 to 9.6.
Segment 2Ci ends near the Elverta Substation
located within the 100-year floodplain. The
remaining portions of the alignment fall outside of the
100- and 500-year floodplain. Segment 2C2 is
outside of the 100- and 500-year floodplain.
Natomas Substation and Segment 3 lie completely
within the 100-year floodplain, except for 0.3 acre of
Segment 3 that is outside of the 100- and 500-year
floodplain at MP 0.5.
4.6.2 Environmental Consequences
The proposed Project would impact floodplains
during and following construction of new access
roads, structures, and temporary work sites within
existing and new ROW. Activities that result in
additional fill within, or block water movement
through, the floodplain could reduce its capacity to
dissipate the energy and volume of peak flows.
4.6.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to floodplains would occur under
the following conditions;
• Increased susceptibility to on-site (in the study
area) flooding as a direct result of the proposed
Project.
• Increased damage associated with floods due to
the presence of the facility.
• Increased stage or extent of flood event.
4.6.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for floodplains from Table 3-3 include the
following:
26. Hazardous materials would not be drained onto
the ground or into streams or drainage areas.
All construction and maintenance waste would
be removed daily. This would include trash and
litter, garbage, other solid waste, petroleum
products, and other regulated materials. The
materials would be sent to a disposal facility
authorized to accept such materials.
59. Direct impact to irrigation system and drainage
canal features that are eligible for the NRHP,^
would be avoided during the siting of new
transmission line structures and access roads,
and most other irrigation system features would
be avoided to the extent practicable in siting
new structures and access roads.
62. Surface restoration would occur in construction
areas, material storage yards, structure sites,
spur roads, and existing access roads where
ground disturbance occurs or where
recontouring is required.
4-46
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
O'Banlon
Substation
n CreeVv
7?/easentezTi\j§_£reel<f^
FIddyment
Substation
Elverta
Substation
cache Cfeej-
Natomas
Substation
OFRClAi. USE ONLY
May be wempt fron public releaee under
the Freedom of irrfbrmaOon Act (S U.S.C.S52)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of atatute.
lltteDBTI
GiS \AMem review required before puQIc releese.
Name/Org: Burleeon ConeJtlng Oete: 02/23/2007
This cartographic product vtd GIS data were prepared In eccodance wth
profeaaicTial practice atandvda. Data la ortly as accurate as Its primary
source and la spetlalty relaOve-grade It ahoUd not replace or be used In
place of survey data. Refar to n'letaclirta for source arid accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE end are Intended for
planning and analyila only. No reproduction or copryfng of this product la
aiowed vUthout the aole oonaent ^ WAPA/OOE.
Souroa; SNR, GOT. FEMA California Spatial Informtflon LIbrwy
/ N
Floodplain Zone
HI 100 Year
I 1 500 Year
Proposed SVS Alignment
Existing Transmission Line
Watercourse
^ Substation
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental BIS and EIR
Figure 4.6-1
Floodplalns Along All Segments
N
1:200,000
1 0.5 0 1 2 3
Miles
A
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.6: Floodplains
63. Access roads woxild be built at right angles to
streams and washes to the extent practicable.
Culverts would be installed where needed. All
construction activities would be conducted to
minimize disturbance to vegetation and drainage
channels.
64. Excavated material or other construction
materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or
other watercourse perimeters.
65. Non-biodegradable debris would be collected and
removed from the ROW daily and taken to a
disposal facility. Slash and other biodegradable
debris would be left in place or disposed of.
66. All soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive
drainage around the structure foundations.
Excess soil would be removed from the site and
disposed of appropriately. Areas around
structure footings would be reseeded with native
plants.
67. Wherever possible, new structures and access
roads would be sited out of floodplains. Because
of the abimdance of floodplains and sxuface
water resources in the study area, complete
avoidance may not be possible and Western
would consult with USAGE.
4.6.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Disturbances to 100- and 500-year floodplains are
presented in Table B-1 in Appendix B to compare
alternatives. Short-term disturbances would result
from construction of material storage yards, access
roads, structures, and pulling sites. Long-term
disturbances would result from structure foimdations
and access roads. The proposed Project would resxilt
in construction disturbances between 20.0 and 53.9
acres and 55.0 and 57.1 acres in the 100- and
500-year floodplain, respectively. The proposed
Project would result in long-term disturbances
between 5.8 and 26.5 acres and 30.5and 31.7acres
in the 100- and 500-year floodplain, respectively.
There would be no difference in floodplain impacts
between the route options east and west of State
Route (SR) 99.
To prevent increased susceptibility to flooding as a
direct result of the proposed Project, siuface
restoration would occm in construction areas where
groimd disturbance occurs or where recontouring is
required. All soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations and used to provide positive drainage
aroimd the structure foundations. Native seed
mixture would be planted around structure footings
to promote revegetation. Western would remove
excess excavated soil from the site and dispose of it
appropriately. The amount of available floodplain
within and surrounding the area would completely
absorb any change resulting from such
modifications. For each of the alternatives, these
negligible changes to the 100- and 500-year
floodplains would not alter the capacity of the
floodplain to convey and dissipate the volmne and
energy of peak flows. Therefore, the proposed
Project would not increase the stage or extent of a
flood.
Access roads may require grading, vegetation
clearing, and/or installation of culverts. The majority
of access roads would be located within the 100-year
floodplain and could potentially provide long-term
impacts to the storage volume capacity and flow of
the natural floodplain. However, the flood
management program in the proposed Project area is
capable of accepting the increase in flood flow and
voliime. Implementation of the EPMs would result
in a less-than-significant impact.
If a flood event occmred during construction or
maintenance activities, there could be an increase in
sediment discharge from the site and a decrease in
bank stability that could potentially obstruct, impede,
or interfere with the natural flow of the water
system. Implementation of the EPMs would result in
a less-than-significant impact.
4.6.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
•
Without the proposed Project, no changes to existing
facilities or alignment would occur and no new
impacts to the floodplain would be expected. Normal
operation and maintenance, repairs, and emergency
management of the system would likely increase in
frequency. There are recognized temporary and
insignificant impacts from maintaining access and
transmission service (for example, vegetation
management within the ROW). These impacts would
continue as before or be avoided or minimized to the
extent possible using EPMs. The No Action
Altemative would not increase the susceptibility to
on-site flooding.
4-48
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EtR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Regon
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.7; Geology
4.6.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past projects included levees, first built by early settlers
to the Sacramento Valley to protect homes and
farmlands from floodwaters. These levees were often
overtopped and the situation worsened with
hydraulic mining, which clogged river channels with
debris and silt, reducing the river's capacity to carry
water. The remedy was to build a levee system
close to the channel, thereby keeping the water
velocity high enough to scour away the sediment
resulting in reduction of natural floodplains. In
response to increased urban and agricultural
development over the past 150 years, the
Sacramento Flood Control Project currently provides
flood control protection by maintaining the levee
system.
Foreseeable future projects in the study area include
numerous residential and commercial developments
that would result in substantial construction within
floodplains. The proposed Project would contribute
a minor amount to cumulative impacts to the
100- and 500-year floodplains. Local planning
agencies and their boards and commissions
determine the magnitude, location, and nature of
future growth, which may alter existing floodplains
in the study area. Further development may result in
changes to existing floodplains. However, the
appropriate authorities would evaluate new projects
and approved them on a case-by-case basis. The
proposed Project would provide a minimal
cumulative contribution to floodplain impacts.
4.6.2.6 Impacts Summary
While minor differences exist in the levels of
disturbance to the 100- and 500-year floodplains
among altematives, no significant direct, indirect,
or cumulative impacts are expected from any of the
altematives.
4.7 GEOLOGY
4.7.1 Affected Environment
"fhis section describes the existing geologic and
hydrogeologic conditions within the proposed
Project area and potential impacts the proposed
Project alternatives may have on these resources.
4.7.1.1 Resource Study Area
The focus of the study for geologic constraints and
hazards is the transmission line ROW and nearby
geologic faults, including the Willows fault, that
could potentially affect the transmission lines.
4.7.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concem for geological
resources include erosion, subsidence, landslides,
and seismic and related hazards (liquefaction).
4.7.1.3 Characterization
Regional Setting
The study area lies within the Central Valley of
California, a broad depositional basin located
between the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east and
the Coast Mountain Range on the west. The Central
Valley is about 400 miles long by 50 miles wide,
covers about 20,000 square miles, and contains the
Sacramento Valley. The surface elevation of the
Central Valley lowland rises from slightly below sea
level to about 400 feet above sea level at its north
and south ends. The valley is unusual for a lowland
area because it is a relatively undeformed basin
surrounded by highly deformed rock units. The
northern half of the Central Valley where the
proposed Project is located is known as the
Sacramento Valley. The Central Valley rough has
been filled with 10 vertical miles of deposits in the
Sacramento Valley. These sediments range in age
from Jurassic to Holocene. The Sacramento River
drains the northern part of the Sacramento Valley.
The geology in the Sacramento Valley relates to
three different subbasins within the Sacramento
Groundwater Basin: (1) the North American
Subbasin, (2) the South American Subbasin, and
(3) parts of the Cosumnes Subbasin.
The North American Subbasin lies in the east
central portion of the Sacramento Groundwater
Basin. The Bear River is its north boundary, the
Feather River is its west boundary, and the
Sacramento River is its south boundary. The east
boundary is a north-south line extending from the
Bear River south to Folsom Lake. The east boundary
represents the approximate edge of the alluvial
basin, where little or no groundwater flows into or
out of the groundwater basin from the rock of the
Sierra Nevada. The east portion of the study area is
characterized by low, rolling dissected uplands. The
west portion is nearly a flat flood basin for the Bear,
Feather, Sacramento and American rivers, and
several small east side tributaries. The general
direction of drainage is west to southwest at an
average grade of about 5 percent (DWR 2004).
The South American Subbasin is bounded on the east
by the Sierra Nevada, on the west by the Sacramento
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-49
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.7; Geology
River, on the north by the American River, and on
the south by the Cosumnes and Mokelumne rivers.
These perennial rivers generally create a
groundwater divide in the shallow subsurface. There
is interaction between groundwater of adjacent
subbasins at greater depths (DWR 2004).
The Cosumnes Subbasin is the area of unconsolidated
to semi-consolidated sedimentary deposits bounded
on the north and west by the Cosumnes River, on the
south by the Mokelumne River, and on the east by
consolidated bedrock of the Sierra Nevada
Mountains. The Cosumnes Subbasin is bounded on
the south and southwest by the Eastem San Joaquin
Subbasin and on the north to northwest by the South
American Subbasin of the Sacramento Valley
Groundwater Basin. The subbasin drains westward
through three major rivers, namely the Cosumnes on
the north. Dry Creek in the middle, and the
Mokelumne River on the south. A large surface
water body, the Camanche Reservoir, is located
along a portion of the Mokelumne River in the
southeast part of the subbasin (DWR 2004).
Geologic Formations in the Study Area
The proposed Project alignment crosses three
geologic formations (at land surface) between the
O'Banion and Natomas substations. Figure 4.7-1
shows the geology units that surround the study area.
These Quatemary and Tertiary deposits include:
• Quaternary Floodbasin (Qb)—Floodbasin
deposits associated with flood stage on major
streams;
• Quaternary River Deposit (Qr)—River deposits
associated with river channels, floodplains and
natural levees; and
• Quaternary Continental Deposit (QTc)—
Continental deposits (older alluvium,
fanglomerate, and sedimentary formations).
Floodbasin deposits (Qb) crop out in low-lying
areas throughout the Central Valley. They result
from flood waters entering low-lying basins and
depositing mostly fine silt and clay and some fine
sand. Floodbasin deposits grade into river deposits,
rocks, deposits of Tertiary and Quatemary age, and
lacustrine and marsh deposits. As with most deposits
of Quatemary age in the valley, contact with
underlying deposits is difficult to determine.
Floodbasin deposits in the Sacramento Valley
consist of as much as 160 feet of fine-grained
sediments in the area west and south of Sacramento
(DWR 2004). In the San Joaquin Valley, the
deposits are estimated to be as much as 100 feet
thick (Page 1986).
River deposits (Qr) crop out along the major
rivers and streams of the Central Valley and
include channel and floodplain deposits. River
deposits are still accumulating, except where human
activity intervenes. Channel deposits, which consist
chiefly of sand and gravel, range in width from a
few feet to nearly 1,000 feet. Floodplain deposits
generally are finer-grained than channel deposits and
consist chiefly of sand and silt. They range in width
from a few hundred feet to more than 3 miles.
Because soil development and topography are the
criteria for mapping river deposits, subsurface
contact with underlying deposits is poorly defined.
River deposits in the Sacramento area are
predominantly coarse-grained at relatively shallow
depths that appear to be hydraulically continuous
with the present stream channels, floodplains, and
natural levees. River deposits are a maximum of
about 115 feet thick (DWR 2004) and are the most
permeable deposits in the Sacramento Valley.
Continental deposits (QTc) are largely of Holocene
age; along their outer margins, however, some may
be Pleistocene age. The deposits crop out chiefly
along the major rivers and streams of the valley, as
well as in other low-lying areas, and include river
deposits, floodbasin deposits, and sand dunes, all of
Holocene age. In places, they may include such
deposits as the Modesto Formation of Pleistocene
age (Page 1986).
Figure 4.7-1 presents geological deposits in the
vicinity of the study area. Segments of transmission
lines in relation to local geology are described
below.
River deposits pose the greatest concern for *
building or accessing transmission lines. The
deposits consist of sand and gravel, usually
unconsolidated; are typically water-bearing; and are
poor for compaction and drilling. River deposits
along the ROW are approximately perpendicular to
the route because they follow the rivers west from
the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Segment 1 crosses
about 3.3 miles of river deposits along the Feather
River.
Continental deposits are the most geologically stable
and are most prevalent along the study area in
Sacramento County. Continental deposits are
present in 24.2 miles of Alternative Al; 21.3 miles
of Alternative A2; 19.9 miles of Alternative A3;
4-50
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEiS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
O'Banion
Substation
Willows Fault Zone
;;;—
etiet
oF^easant Grcve
FIddyment
Substation
Elvert
hiands
Natomas Substation
f'oto
Substation L
Elverta
/ r «
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
I Qr) River deposits (Hdocene)
I Qb 1 Floodbesin deposits (Hdocene)
[qTc| Continental rocks and deposits (Miocene to Holocene)
My bi axampi rom pisllc rdatM iftdv
It* Fnedom of IrVcrmsaon Ad (6 U.8.C45)
Bcamption 2 * CircumN*i«bn ofatdit*
GI5 VMtam re<|jlred befon pultllc r«l«M
Figure 4.7-1
Geology Along All Segments
1:200,000
1 0.5 0 1 2 3 '
Well Location
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M • Fault Line
Substation
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Existhg Transmlssbn Line
Miles
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.7: Geology
19.3 miles of Alternative A4; 21.1 miles of
Alternative A5; 25.0 miles of Alternative B; and
31.3 miles of Altemative C.
Floodbasin deposits are more suitable for construction
than river deposits, but less suitable than continental
deposits. Floodbasin deposits are present in 6.1
miles of Altemative Al; 8.9 miles of Altemative A2;
10.6 miles of Altemative A3; 12.6 miles of
Altemative A4; 9.3 miles of Altemative 2A5; 3.0
miles of Altemative B; and 3.0 miles of
Altemative C.
Mining
No mining activities are located in the proposed
Project vicinity.
Fauits
Earthquakes occur along fault zones. A fault zone is a
break in the continuity of a rock formation caused by
a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust.
Figure 4.7-1 shows faults near the study area. The
nearest historically active fault is the Concord Fault,
about 50 miles west of the study area. Displacement
on the Dunnigan Fault, about 20 miles west of the
study area, has occurred within Holocene time
(within the last 10,000 years). The nearest faults to
the ROW have not been active within Quatemary
times. This includes the Willows Fault. The Willows
Fault parallels the proposed Project ROW within 1
to 5 miles of the study area and crosses the study
area at the O'Banion Substation, Segment 1,
Segments 2A1 to 2A5, and Segment 3.
Seismicitv
A Seismic Zone classification is used by the
Uniform Building Code (UBC) to define the
magnitude of protection required for a building
design to withstand earthquake risk in the area or
from adjacent areas. UBC Seismic Zones range from
1 to 4 (with Zone 4 having the highest risk) and are
based on a 10-percent probability of specific peak
grormd acceleration (PGA) values being exceeded
within 50 years. The entire study area is located
within UBC Zone 3. All of California is seismically
active, with numerous historic earthquakes and
seismic activity recorded by instruments daily.
Seismic Zone 3 could have earthquakes with a
Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) rating of Vin or
higher. The MMI scale rates earthquakes by their
effect on people, stractures, and objects. Major
stmctural damage would typically occur from an
earthquake with an intensity of Vm or higher.
Intensity VIII is generally equated with an average
peak acceleration of 20 to 30 centimeters per second
(cm/sec). This intensity typically results in slight
damage to specially designed structures; considerable
damage to ordinary substantial buildings, with partial
collapse; and great damage to poorly built stmctures.
This intensity also could result in falling colunms,
monuments, and walls (Bolt 1988). Secondary
hazards of earthquakes include rapid ground
settlement (subsidence), landslides and rockfalls,
and liquefaction. These hazards are discussed below.
Subsidence
Land subsidence occurs when the ground surface
decreases in elevation. It can be caused by various
natural phenomena such as tectonic movement,
consolidation, hydrocompaction, or rapid
sedimentation. Subsidence can also result from a
variety of human activities, including withdrawing
water or petroleum from the subsurface. The
numerous fine-grained (clayey) lenses in Central
Valley deposits are conducive to subsidence.
Subsidence is typically a slow process, unless
induced by seismic activity. Its potential effects on
structures might not be evident for years or decades.
Landslides and Rockfalls
Landslides, rockfalls, mudslides, and debris
avalanches refer to rock or debris descending a slope
as a result of gravity. Slopes within the study area
are typically shallow or nonexistent, making
landslides unlikely. Construction in areas with steep
slopes should be avoided whenever possible. These
limited areas may include the banks of some rivers,
levees, or canals.
Llouefactlon
Liquefaction occurs when saturated soils lose
strength and cohesion when subjected to dynamic
forces, such as shaking during an earthquake.
Liquefaction also can occur in imsaturated soils with
low cohesion, such as sand. Liquefaction and related
phenomena have caused a tremendous amount of
damage during historical earthquakes and occurs
when water pressure between soil particles increases
until the soil cohesion is lost, along with the support
that it normally supplies to building foundations.
Liquefaction occurs more frequently in areas where
groundwater is very shallow, such as in river
deposits near water bodies. Quatemary River
Deposits (Segment 1, MP 9.5 to 12.8) may be prone
to liquefaction.
4-52
Sacrarrtento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westerr) Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Regon
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.8: Health And Safety
4.7.2 Environmental Consequences
4.7.2.1 Standards of Significance
Significant geologic impacts would result if:
• Structures fail or create hazards to adjacent
property resulting from slope instability, effects
of earthquake, or adverse soil conditions (such
as compressible, expansive, or corrosive soils).
• Known mineral resource of economic value to
the region and the residents of the state are lost
or made inaccessible for future use.
4.7.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for geologic resources from Table 3-3 include
the following:
68. Geological hazards would be evaluated during
final design specification for each structure
location and road construction area. Options
would include avoidance of a poor site by
selection of a site with stable conditions or
correction of the unstable slope conditions.
69. A California-registered Professional Geotechnical
Engineer would evaluate the potential for
geotechnical hazards and unstable slopes on the
centerline route and areas of new road
construction or widening on slopes with more
than a 15-percent gradient.
4.7.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
The study area crosses three geologic formations at
land surface. These formations are, in order of
suitability for construction: QTc, Qb, and Qr. QTc is
the most geologically stable and most prevalent
along the proposed Project ROW. No noteworthy
geological features or mineral resources were
identified to distinguish among the alternatives.
Potential geological impacts would be similar,
although the specific locations might vary. The route
for Alternatives Al, A2, A3, A4, and 2A5 would
cross a fault zone that has not been active within the
past 1.6 million years; therefore, this is not considered
to have more seismic impact than Alternatives B
or C. There would be no difference in geology
impacts between the route option east vs. west of SR
99. Mineral resources were not identified in the
study area; therefore, no economic value to the
region and residents of the state would be lost or
inaccessible for future use.
Any steep or unstable slopes near the proposed
Project ROW would be avoided or minimized with
standard construction practices described above. The
proposed Project would cross river deposits and
floodbasin deposits that could also succumb to
earthquake forces, such as liquefaction, more readily
than continental deposits. Geological hazards would
be evaluated during final design of each structure
location and road construction area and standard
design practices would be used. Proposed Project
activities would result in less-than-significant impacts
to geological resources.
4.7.2.4 Cumulative Impacts
Present and past agricultural uses in the study area
have not affected geology. Given Western's design
standards and practices, no significant direct or
indirect impacts to geology would result from the
proposed Project or the No Action Alternative.
Foreseeable future projects in the study area include
commercial and residential developments that would
follow standard design practices to minimize
geologic impacts. Therefore, the proposed Project
would not contribute to cumulative impacts on
geology or mineral resources.
4.7.2.5 Summary of Impacts
No significant direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts
to geology would be expected from any of the
proposed Project alternatives.
4.8 HEALTH AND SAFETY
4.8.1 Affected Environment
This section describes the health and safety issues
associated with the proposed Project.
4.8.1.1 Resource Study Area
The resource study area for health and safety depends
on the specific health and safety issue. For example,
the study area for hazardous materials and herbicides
is the area where they are stored, transported, or
applied. Fires, electrocutions, and falls could occur
anywhere along the transmission line, making the
proposed ROW the study area.
4.8.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concern for health and
safety are spills or mishandling of hazardous
materials, hazardous waste, herbicides, electrical
contact (fires, burns, and electrocutions), and worker
falls. One property owner requested that fencing be
installed around new structures so children cannot
climb them.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-53
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.8: Health And Safety
4.8.1.3 Characterization
Hazards can occur under existing conditions, as
discussed below:
Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste
Hazardous materials concerns could arise from
spills (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents) from
containers or vehicles. Spills could contaminate soils
or leach into ground or surface water. Known
storage locations include existing substations
(O'Banion, Elverta, and Natomas). California-
designated hazardous waste has been stored at the
Elverta Substation. The waste is managed in
accordance with regulations, and is removed for final
disposal within allowable time limits. The other
substations may store hazardous waste (for example,
bushings and oil) for short periods as allowed by
regulation.
Western applies herbicides along the existing ROW
(Segments 1 and 3), where vegetation threatens the
safe operation of the transmission line and related
facilities. Herbicide misuse, over-spray, or drift
could adversely affect humans, wildlife, vegetation,
or water.
Electrical Hazards
Electrical hazards could include vegetation or
equipment fires, electrical burns, or electrocutions
to humans or animals. Electrical hazards could occur
anywhere near energized conductors or facilities
(Segments 1, 2, and 3). These hazards are primarily
a concern for construction and maintenance
workers.
Fall Hazards
Fall hazards could affect individuals working at
heights. Elevated work is essential for assembly and
repair of transmission structures and equipment
(Segments 1,^, and 3). Workers typically perform
this work from bucket trucks or by climbing
structures. In both instances. Western requires
workers to use fall-protection devices.
4.8.2 Environmental Consequences
The project could affect the environment if
hazardous materials were released from spills, as
discussed above.
4.8.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on health and safety would occur
under the following conditions:
• Creation of a public or worker health hazard
beyond limits set by health and safety regulatory
organizations; or
• Interference with adopted emergency response
plans.
4.8.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for Health and Safety from Table 3-3 include
the following:
70. Conform with safety requirements for
maintaining the flow of public traffic and conduct
construction operations to offer the least
possible obstruction and inconvenience to public
transportation.
71. Comply with all applicable health and safety
laws, regulations, and standards.
72. Post proper signage in areas within the ROW
that would require temporary closure or limited
access to accommodate certain land uses.
73. Mark stmctures and/or shield wire with highly
visible devices for identified locations, where
required by applicable laws and regulations (for
example, the Federal Aviation Administration
regulations).
Each of the health and safety issues described above
is highly regulated by one or more of the following:
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), EPA,
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), and DOE, as well as state, county and local
governments. Additionally, Westem and its
contractors are required to comply with safety anjJ
environmental protection policies and guidance
developed by Westem, including Western's
Occupational Safety Program (Westem 1998), the
Power System Maintenance Manual (PSMM), the
Power System Safety Manual (PSSM) (Westem
2002b), and Power System Operations Manual
(PSOM).
4.8.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Constmction, rebuilding, and maintenance activities
increase the exposure to safety and health hazards.
4-54
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
The risk varies along proposed Project routes,
increasing where substances are stored or
transferred; live electrical components are likely to
contact vegetation, animals, or humans or where
workers conduct their tasks at heights. Generally,
new construction would be the most intensive in
worker time and exposure to these hazards, followed
by maintenance. Therefore, the alternatives would be
expected to have similar health and safety risks.
Performed in compliance with all applicable
regulations and guidance, activities for the proposed
Project would pose no significant threat to the health
and safety of workers or the public or interfere with
adopted emergency response plans.
The proposed Project would consist of monopole
structures which would require a bucket truck with
removable ladders to access. Children would be
unable to climb the structures, as there are no
climbing features on the monopoles. Westem would,
therefore, not provide fencing around structures as
the impacts to children and the public would be less
than significant.
4.8.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, maintenance and
line inspection activities would continue on the
existing transmission lines. Performed in compliance
with all applicable regulations and guidance, these
activities would pose no significant threat to the
health and safety of workers or the public or
interfere with adopted emergency response plans.
4.8.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past and present health and safety risks in the
proposed Project area are primarily from
agricultural operations because the study area passes
through extensive farmland. Agriculture ranks high
among hazardous industries and farmers are at high
risk for fatal and nonfatal injuries, work-related lung
diseases, noise-induced hearing loss, skin diseases,
and certain cancers associated with chemical use and
prolonged sun exposure. Planned developments in
the study area would reduce the amount of
farmland, thereby reducing health and safety risks
associated with agriculture. Increased development
in the study area, however, may contribute to the risk
of construction-related and automobile accidents.
Cumulative impacts from proposed Project
construction, operation, and maintenance activities,
combined with foreseeable development in the area.
would be negligible when performed in compliance
with applicable health and safety regulations.
4.8.2.6 Summary of Impacts
Performed in accordance with EPMs and health and
safety requirements, the proposed Project would
not have significant direct, indirect, or cumulative
impacts on health and safety.
4.9 LAND USE
4.9.1 Affected Environment
This section identifies and describes all major land uses
that could be affected by the construction and
operation of proposed Project alternatives. Westem
compiled land use information from maps and
existing literature from public agencies, including:
Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer counties; city of
Sacramento; California Department of Conservation;
and private organizations. Data sources for the
baseline inventory included interpretations from
USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle sheets
and natural color aerial photographs. Baseline data
were supplemented by meetings with Federal, state,
and county and city planning and land management
agencies.
4.9.1.1 Resource Study Area
The land use study area includes the segment
corridors to at least 0.5 mile from centerline.
Appendix C presents aerial photographs of the area.
4.9.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concem include land uses
that are susceptible to disturbances resulting from
either constmction or operation of the proposed
Project (such as noise, traffic, dust, etc.). In addition,
several issues were identified during scoping. These
include reduction of developable acreage;
interference and cessation of development; conflicts
with existing and proposed land use pFans; impacts
on farming operations; and removal of prime and
unique farmland from production.
4.9.1.3 Characterization
This section describes the existing land uses, land
use designations, zoning, and development plans for
the study area, which includes Sutter, Sacramento,
and Placer counties. The study area also traverses
the sphere of influence of the cities of Roseville and
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-55
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Sacramento.' Figure 4.9-1 presents general land use
designations for the study area compiled from Sutter,
Sacramento, and Placer counties and the city of
Roseville. Table 4.9-1 presents general categories of
land uses and provides examples of specific land
uses within each category. Figure 4.9-2 presents
general zoning for the study area compiled from
Sutter, Sacramento, and Placer counties. Land use
designations are a combination of existing land uses
and what future development is planned for a given
area, per county or municipal planning. Zoning
represents the land use allowed by regulation, and
can be changed by following county or municipal
procedures. Western and SMUD held meetings with
Sacramento, Placer, and Sutter counties and city of
Roseville and Sacramento planners to determine
locations of specific plans, proposed developments,
and habitat conservation areas near the proposed
Project. Figure 4.9-3 presents these plan areas and
Table 4.9-2 describes the current status for each
area. Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer counties had
308,035, 348,349, and 139,597 acres of farmland,
respectively, in 1997 with respective production
values of $285.6 million, $343.5 million, and
$60.5 million in 2000 (Califomia Department of
Finance 2002).
The Califomia Department of Conservation (CDC)
rates agricultural land according to soil quality and
irrigation status and developed the Farmland
Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP) that
produces maps and statistical data used for analyzing
impacts on Califomia's agricultural resources. The
maps are updated every 2 years with the use of aerial
photographs, a computer mapping system, public
review, and field reconnaissance. Figure 4.9-4
presents FMMP information in the proposed Project
area and Table 4.9-3 defines the land categories
(CDC 2006). The CDC administers the Williamson
Act, which provides the strongest protection against
conversion of agricultural land to urban uses.
Landowners vC^thin agricultural preserves (those
eligible for Williamson Act enrollment) volunteering
to keep their land in agricultural or open space uses
under a 10-year Williamson Act contract are
assessed based on those uses rather than full market
or development value during the period of the
contract. In 1998, the "Super Williamson Act"
became law, providing additional tax incentives to
landowners willing to enter into 20-year contracts.
' The Sphere of Influence represents the geographic extent to
which a city can expand by annexation.
Figure 4.9-5 presents agricultural lands that are
enrolled in the Williamson Act.
Table 4.9-4 summarizes information on each
segment regarding land use, zoning, amount of
prime and unique farmland, governing land use
plans, and planned development for each segment.
Milepost information is approximate and presented
in Figures 3.1-4 through 3.1-12.
4.9.2 Environmental Consequences
4.9.2.1 Standards of Significance
Within the study area, the proposed Project would
result in significant impacts if it would:
• Conflict with approved and/or adopted land use
plans and goals of the community or area in
which they are located, including open space
designations or other types of areas designated for
preservation;
• Cause physical damage to roads or property,
including agricultural, that is not compensated
for or repaired to a level equal to or better than
what existed prior to damage;
• Preclude present or approved land uses,
including prime and unique farmland; and
• Conflict with existing and planned utility ROW.
4.9.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for land use issues from Table 3-3 include the
following:
74. When weather and ground conditions permit, all
construction-caused deep ruts that are hazardous
to farming operations and moving equipment
would be restored to preconstruction conditions
or compensation would be provided as an ^
alternative if the landowner desires. Such ruts
would be leveled, filled and graded, or
otherwise eliminated in an approved manner.
Ruts, scars, and compacted soils from
construction activities in hay meadows, alfalfa
fields, pastures, and cultivated productive lands
would be loosened and leveled by scarifying,
harrowing, discing, or other appropriate method.
Damage to ditches, tile drains, terraces, roads
and other features of the land would be
corrected. The land and facilities would be
restored as nearly as practicable to their original
conditions.
4-56
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
75. On completion of the work, all work areas except
permanent access roads would be returned to pre-
construction conditions unless otherwise specified
by the land owner/manager.
76. During construction, movement would be limited
to the access roads and within a designated area in
the ROW to minimize damage to agricultural land.
77. Constmction operations would be conducted to
prevent unnecessary destruction, scarring or
defacing of the natural surroundings to preserve
the natural landscape to the extent practicable.
78. No permanent discoloring agents would be appUed
to rocks or vegetation to indicate limits of survey.
79. Damaged fences and gates would be repaired or
replaced to restore them to their preconstmction
condition.
80. Some land uses occurring within the ROW would
require temporary closure or limited access. Proper
signage would be posted in these areas.
81. Power lines would span sensitive land uses to the
extent possible. Where practical, access roads
would be placed to avoid sensitive areas.
82. Where practical, construction activities would be
scheduled during periods when agricultural
activities would be minimally affected or the
landowner would be compensated accordingly.
83. Stmcture design and placement would be selected
to reduce potential conflicts with agricultural
practices and the amount of land required for
transmission lines.
4.9.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Appendix B provides a summary of land
disturbances for each alternative. Short-term
disturbances would result from construction of
material storage yards, access roads, structures, and
pulling sites. Long-term disturbances would result
from structure foundations and access roads. The
alternatives pass primarily through agricultural and
fhdustrial lands. Construction and maintenance of
the proposed Project would not conflict with existing
land use plans and goals because transmission lines
are an allowed use on lands designated agricultural
and industrial/commercial by the Sacramento,
Sutter, and Placer County General Plans.
Segment 1 applies to each action alternative and a
portion of it passes through the Feather River
Wildlife Area, designated as open space. Segment 1
would be constructed adjacent to an existing
transmission line where recreation uses and open
space designation could continue within new and
existing ROW.
Alternatives A1 and A2 may impact land owned by
The Natomas Basin Conservancy (TNBC) along the
west side of East Levee Road and Alternatives A3,
A4, and A5 may impact TNBC along the east or
west side of Highway 99. The mission of TNBC is
to promote biological conservation along with
economic development and the continuation of
agriculture in the Natomas Basin. The NBHCP
prepared for the Natomas Basin allows urban
development to occur according to local land use
plans; therefore, transmission lines would be allowed.
Any impacts to conservation lands would be less
than significant with implementation of EPMs and
consultation described in the biology and wetlands
resource sections (Section 4.2 and 4.17).
A residential development is located south of
Elkhorn Boulevard in the North Natomas
Community Plan area; however. Alternative 2A4,
the nearest altemative, would be constructed on the
north side of the road in land zoned for agricultural
use.
Altemative C would traverse the westem boundary of
the city of Roseville's sphere of influence. A goal of
the city of Roseville's General Plan is to preserve
visual quality along the city's westem boundary;
transmission lines could affect this goal, as further
discussed in Section 4.15.2.3.
Construction activities could cause physical damage
to local roadways or driveways. The altematives
would traverse driveways of several mral residences
and businesses that may be impacted by constmction
and maintenance activities. Westem would work
closely with landowners and adhere to EPMs to
reduce the magnitude of these impacts. Westem
would avoid and reduce the magnitude of such
impacts by carefully siting staging areas and
construction traffic routes; making arrangements
with local business owners and residents, and
repairing any damage that may occur to roadways or
driveways during construction. These impacts would
be temporary and would not be significant with
implementation of EPMs.
Comments identified during scoping included
concerns over the possibility of reducing the amount
of developable acreage, interfering and stopping
development, and taking farmland out of production.
The proposed Project ROW would traverse up to
Sacramer)to Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-57
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-1. Land Use Designations
Classification or
Land Use Type
Examples of Land Uses
Residential
Single-family residences; multi-family residences sucfi as condominium or apartment, townfiouse, or
mobile home parks
Civic/Public Facilities
Government offices, airports, police and sheriff stations, fire stations, major medical health care facilities,
religious facilities, non-attended public parking facilities, correctional facilities
Commercial
Retail store, shopping center, professional office, business park, retail plant nursery, commercial
storage, hotels, and motels
Industrial
Manufacturing facility, motion picture and television studio lots, mineral extraction, oil well, oil refinery,
tank farm, substation, gravel pit, concrete plant, landfill, sewer plant, transmission line
Open Space and Recreation
Significant ecological areas, environmentally sensitive habitat, wildlife refuge, river, stream or floodplain,
vacant urban land, coastal bluffs, non-recreational area, general rural land, golf course, local or regional
park, cemetery, beaches, cultural center, museum, campground, fairgrounds, golf course, playground
Agriculture including prime and
unique farmland
Farm field (irrigated or non-irrigated cropland), orchard, wholesale nursery
Source: Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) 2003
4-58
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-2 Existing and Proposed Specific Pians, Deveiopments, and Sensitive Areas
Plan/Proposed
Development
(reference)
•
Description
Status
Proximity to
Study Area
Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
(Sutter County May
2007)
The Sutter Pointe Specific Plan would provide for orderly and systematic
development of 7,500 acres in the southeastern Sutter County area. It is
a mixed-use project that combines industry, commerce, housing, open
space, and civic and associated uses. Buildout of the proposed project
would be split into five residential/mixed-use development phases and
five employment center development phases and is anticipated to occur
over about 30 years.
An NOP was issued on March 29,2007 to
prepare a Draft EIR. The comment period
closed on April 30,2007. With the exception
of the on- and off-site sewer infrastructure
needed to support initial project phases, the
project will be analyzed in the EIR at a
program level.
Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,2A4,
2A5, and 2B would pass
through this area. A sewer
interceptor is proposed to run
east along Riego Road. Several
schools are proposed at
locations greater than 2,000
feet from Segments 2A1 and
2A2.
Metro Air Park
(Sacramento County
Planning Department
August 2006)
Metro Air Park is a 1,892-acre commercial development directly east of
Sacramento International Airport.
Metro Air Park planning could start by the
end of 2007; however, there are still ongoing
negotiations which could affect the future.
About 1 mile west of Segment
2A4. Utility corridors have not
been designated.
Greenbriar Specific
Plan
(Sacramento County
Planning Department
August 2006)
The Greenbriar Specific Plan would result in the development of 3,473
residential units (671 low-density, 2,215 medium-density, and 587 high-
density); approximately 27.5 acres of commercial land uses; an
approximate 39-acre lake/detention basin; a 10-acre elementary school;
49 acres of parks and open space; and a 250-foot linear open
space/buffer.
The EIR for the Greenbriar Project is being
recirculated and revised. The project has not
been approved.
Adjacent to southwest comer
of Segment 2A4. Utility
corridors exist in this area and
would not conflict.
North Natomas
Community Plan
(Sacramento County
Planning Department
August 2006)
The North Natomas Community Plan area, as amended through 2004,
contains a large amount of vacant land (2,813 acres). The designation with
the most remaining vacant land is Employment Center with about 890
acres of available land. Approximately 3,512 acres are designated for
residential use. There are also 1,414 acres of parks and open space.
The North Natomas Community Plan was
approved and a large portion of the area has
been developed.
Segment 2A4 follows the
northem boundary of this area.
Segment 3 lies about 0.5 mile
east of this area. No utility
corridors were identified that
would conflict.
Natomas Joint Vision
Plan
(Sacramento County
Planning Department
August 2006)
The Natomas Joint Vision Plan is a collaborative effort between the city of
Sacramento and Sacramento County to develop a vision for the 10,000-
acre area of Sacramento County between the northem city of
Sacramento limits and Sutter County. Concepts for development have
been considered and include a mixture of residential densities, an
industrial park (in addition to Metro Air Park), and open spaces
throughout, most extensively to the north, separating development from
the Sutter County boundary. A large amount of open space is
anticipated to be dedicated in this area for habitat preservation and
farmland retention.
To date, no land use plans have been
adopted, and all considerations have been
conceptual.
Segments 2A2,2A3,2A4, 2A5,
and 3 pass through this area.
Utility corridors have not been
identified.
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Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EtR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
T^ble 4.9-2 Existing and Proposed Specific Plans, Developments, and Sensitive Areas
Plan/Proposed
Development
(reference)
Description
Status
Proximity to
Study Area
Panhandle
Annexation
(Sacramento County
Planning Department
August 2006 and City
of Sacramento
Planning August
2006)
The project consists of two portions: the southern portion, an 835-acre
area to the south of Del Paso Road, between Del Paso Road and 1-80,
Northgate Boulevard and Gateway Park Boulevard; and the northern
portion, or the 594.7-acre area to the north of Del Paso Road, between
Del Paso Road and Elkhorn Boulevard. Upon annexation, the northern
portion is proposed to be developed with a Planned Unit Development
with a variety of low-, medium-, and high-density residential uses (a
total of 3,075 residential units), commercial uses, an elementary school, a
middle/high school, and recreation and park spaces. (Sacramento County
2006a)
The environmental document is currently
out for public review. The project has not
been approved.
Segment 3 passes through this
area and Segment 2A4 follows
the northern boundary of this
area. Utility corridors exist in
this area and would not
conflict.
The Natomas Basin
Conservancy
(TNBC May 2007)
TNBC serves as the plan operator for the Natomas Basin Habitat
Conservation Plan (NBHCP). TNBC acquires lands for the 22 special-
status species that are identified in the NBHCP.
Operating.
Segments 2A2,2A3,2A4, and
2A5 pass through portions of
this area. Utility corridors have
not been identified.
Regional University
(Placer County
Planning Department
CIS 2006)
The 1,100-acre site for this proposed development is located between the
West Roseville Specific Plan area and Brewer Road, about 2 miles north
of Baseline Road. A formal development proposal was originally
submitted to Placer County for a project that includes a 6,000-student
university plus a 1,200-stuclent high school on 600 acres, and an adjoining
500-acre mixed-use community with 2,342 dwelling units and 73 acres of
commercial uses.
A draft Specific Plan Is currently under
review by Placer County. Environmental
review has not been initiated.
Segment 2C2 follows the
northern boundary of this area.
Utility corridors have not been
identified.
Creekview Specific
Plan
(City of Roseville CIS
2007)
This is a 680-acre specific plan area located west of the City of Roseville,
but within its sphere of influence, generally northwest of the West
Roseville Specific Plan.
Roseville city staff and the landowner team are
in the preliminary process of developing a
land use plan for this project. Environmental
review has not been Initiated.
This area is located about 0.25
mile east of Segment 2C2.
Utility corridors have not been
identified.
West Roseville
Specific Plan (City of
Roseville CIS 2007)
The West Roseville Specific Plan area includes approximately 3,100 acres.
Planned land uses include approximately 8,430 dwelling units and 2.2
million square feet of non-residential uses. An open space preserve is
planned for this area along the western boundary. (Roseville 2004a)
The West Roseville Specific Plan has been
approved. Phase 1 buildout is in progress.
Segment 2C2 is adjacent to the
western boundary of this area.
Utility corridors have not been
identified.
Curry Creek
Community Plan
(City of Roseville CIS
2007)
The Placer County Board of Supervisors has discussed preparation of a
"Curry Creek Community Plan" that would generally encompass the
regional university site and the area between that site and the Placer
Vineyards Specific Plan area.
A decision has not been made whether to
proceed with this project.
Segment 2C2 envelopes this
area. Utility corridors have not
been identified.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-61
Chapter ^Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-2 Existing and Proposed Specific Plans, Developments, and Sensitive Areas
Plan/Proposed
Development
(reference)
•
Description
Status
Proximity to
Study Area
Placer Vineyards
Specific Plan
(City of Roseville CIS
2007)
The Placer Vineyards Specific Plan project is a mixed-use master
planned community with residential, employment, commercial, open
space, recreational and pubiic/quasi-pubiic land uses. The plan provides
for 14,132 homes in a range of housing types, styles, and densities.
The final EIR is being prepared. The project
has not been approved.
Segments 2B and 2Ci pass
through this area. No utility
corridors were identified that
would conflict.
Sierra Vista Specific
Plan
(City of Roseville CIS
2007)
Most of the SVSP area is within the city of Roseville's sphere of
influence and encompasses about 2,172 acres. The plan area could
ultimately include 10,300 residential dwelling units, commercial, open
space, parks, and five schools.
Roseville city staff and the landowner team are
in the preliminary process of developing a
land use plan for this project. The Roseville
City Council agreed to process an
application to annex the area in April 2007.
Segment 2C2 passes through
the western portion of this
planning area. Utility corridors
have not been identified.
Brookfield
Development
(City of Sacramento
2006)
Mixed use future study area bounded by the Sutter County Line to the
north, Elverta Road to the south, East Levee Road to the east, and
Highway 99 to the west.
No development application submitted as of
the date of this document. Numerous
landowners and attorneys on their behalf
submitted comments during scoping.
Segments 2A1, 2A2,2A3, 2A4,
and 2A5 would pass through
portions of this potential
development area. Utility
corridors have not been
identified.
Cross Canal
Cross Canal supplies irrigation water to agricultural fields, and is a
tributary to the Sacramento River.
NCAA Fisheries designated Cross Canal as
Critical Habitat for Central Valley steelhead.
Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3, 2A4,
2A5, 2B, and 2Ci cross this
canal.
Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal extends south from Pleasant Grove
Creek Canal, merges with Arcade Creek, and flows to the Sacramento
River.
NOAA Fisheries designated Cross Canal as
Critical Habitat for Central Valley steelhead.
Segment 3 crosses this canal.
Gilsizer Slough
This area was designated as a Significant Area by the California
Department of Fish and Game because it is a rare natural community
that is of highly limited distribution.
Gilsizer Slough is identified as a rare natural
Valley Freshwater Marsh in CNDDB.
Segment 1 crosses through this
area.
Feather River Wildlife
Area
This is a state-owned wildlife area designated as open space to protect
and enhance habitat for wildlife species and to provide the public with a
wildlife-related recreational area.
Operating.
Segment 1 crosses through this
area.
Source: City of Roseville Planning and Redevelopment Department CIS data December 2006
City of Sacramento Planning Department CIS August 2006
Sacramento County Planning Department CIS August 2006
Sutter County Community Services CIS Ivlay 2007
The Natomas Basin Conservancy January 2007
•
4-62
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Miles
Yuba'
Sutt^
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i
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Sacramento
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-3 Callfornia Department of Conservation Farmland Categories
Farmland
Category
Examples of Land Uses
Urban and Built-
Up Lands
Land occupied by structures with a building density of at least 1 unit to 1.5 acres, or about 6 structures to
a 10-acre parcel. This land is used for residential; industrial; commercial; construction; institutional; public
administration; railroad and other transportation yards; cemeteries; airports; golf courses; sanitary
landfills; sewage treatment; water control structures; and other developed purposes.
Grazing Land
Land on which the existing vegetation is suited to the grazing of livestock. This category was developed
in cooperation with the California Cattlemen's Association, University of California Cooperative
Extension, and other groups interested in the extent of grazing activities.
Farmland of Local
Importance
Land of importance to the local agricultural economy as determined by each county's board of
supervisors and a local advisory committee.
Prime Farmland
Farmland with the best combination of physical and chemical features able to sustain long-term
agricultural production. This land has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to
produce sustained high yields. Land must have been used for irrigated agricultural production at some
time during the 4 years prior to the mapping date.
Farmland of
Statewide
Importance
Farmland similar to Prime Farmland but with minor shortcomings, such as greater slopes or less ability to
store soil moisture. Land must have been used for irrigated agricultural production at some time during
the four years prior to the mapping date.
Unique Farmland
Farmland of lesser quality soils used for the production of the state's leading agricultural crops. This land
is usually irrigated, but may include nonirrigated orchards or vineyards, as found in some climatic zones
in California. Land must have produced crops at some time during the 4 years prior to the mapping date.
Water
Perennial water bodies with an extent of at least 40 acres.
Other Land
Land not included in any other mapping category. Common examples include low-density rural
developments; brush, timber, wetland, and riparian areas not suitable for livestock grazing; confined
livestock, poultry, or aquaculture facilities; strip mines and borrow pits; and water bodies smaller than 40
acres. Vacant and nonagricultural land surrounded on all sides by urban development and greater than
40 acres is mapped as Other Land.
Source: California Division of Land Resource Protection 2007
4-64
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-4 Segment Information Including Land Use, Zoning, Farmland, and Land Use Plans
Segment
Land Use
Zoning
Prime
Unique
Farmland
(Acres)
Other Information
Goveming Land Use Plans
and Planned Developments
MP
Land Use
MP
Zoning
1
0-11.0
Agricultural
0-1.5
Agricultural
9.4
• Parallels existing transmission
line ROW
• Parallels Sutter Bypass
MP 0-9.0
• Crosses Feather River at
MP 11
• Sutter County General
Plan
11.0-11.5
Open Space
1.5-2.0
Recreation
11.5-end
Agricultural
2.0-end
Agricultural
2A1
0-2.3
Agricultural
0-11.0
Agricultural
3.9
• Parallels Highway 99 to
Riego Rd
• Parallels existing distribution
lines along Riego Road
• Four residences between
Elverta Road and the end
• Commercial fisheries enterprise
south of MP 9.2
• TNBC to east from MP 9.3-
10.0
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision
Area
2.3-5.4
East; industrial
West: agriculture
5.4-9.3
Industrial
11.0-end
West: agricultural
East: recreation
9.3-end
West: agricultural East:
agricultural,
agricultural-residential,
intensive industrial
2A2
0-2.3
Agricultural
0-11.0
Agricultural
3.9
• Parallels Highway 99 to
Sacramento-Sutter County Line
• Four residences between
Elverta Road and the end
• Commercial fisheries enterprise
south of MP 9.3
• TNBC to south between MP 6.8
and 9.3 and to west between
MP 9.30 and 10.0
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision
Area
2.3-5.4
East: industrial
West: agriculture
5.4-6.8
Industrial
6.8-9.3
North: industrial
South: agricultural
11.0-end
West: agricultural
East: recreation
9.3-end
Same as 2A1
4-66
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-4 Segment Information Including Land Use, Zoning, Farmland, and Land Use Plans
Segment
Land Use
Zoning
Prime
Unique
Farmland
(Acres)
Other Information
Governing Land Use Plans
and Planned Developments
MP
Land Use
MP
Zoning
2A3
0-2.3
Agricultural
0-end
Agricultural
6.8
• Parallels Highway 99 to Elverta
Road
• Parallels SMUD 69-kV
distribution line along Elverta
Road
• One residence along Elverta
Road, one south of Elverta
Road at MP 10.8, and four
residences between Elverta
Road and the end
• TNBC to west between MP 6.8
and 8.3 and to east between
MP 6.8 and 7.2
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision
Area
2.3-5.4
East; industrial
West: agriculture
5.4-6.8
Industrial
6.8-end
Agricultural
2A4
0-2.3
Agricultural
0-10.4
Agricultural
8.0
• Parallels Highway 99 to Elkhorn
Boulevard
• Elementary School located
south of MP 12.5 within 0.5
mile
• Four residences along north
side of Elkhorn Boulevard
• Large residential development
south of Elkhorn Boulevard
• TNBC to west between MP 6.8
and 8.3 and to east between
MP 6.8 and 7.2
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision
Area
• North Natomas
Community Plan
• Greenbriar Specific Plan
2.3-5.4
East: industrial
West: agriculture
10.4-13.0
North: agricultural South:
open space, residential,
and commercial
5.4-6.8
Industrial
6.8-10.4
Agricultural
10.4-13.0
North: agricultural
South: residential,
open space, industrial,
and commercial
13.0-enci
Agricultural
13.0-end
Agricultural
2A5
0-2.3
Agricultural
0-11.2
Agricultural
5.0
• Parallels Highway 99 to
proposed community separator
• Four residences south of
Elverta Road near MP 11.0
• TNBC to west between MP 6.8
and 7.8 and to east between
MP 6.8 and 7.2
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific
Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision
Area
2.3-5.4
East: industrial
West: agriculture
5.4-6.8
Industrial
11.2-end
East: recreation
West: agricultural
6.8-10.7
Agricultural
10.7-end
West: agricultural
East: agricultuj'al,
agricultural-residential,
intensive industrial
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-67
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-4 Segment Information Including Land Use, Zoning, Farmland, and Land Use Plans
Segment
Land Use
Zoning
Prime
Unique
Farmland
(Acres)
Other Information
Governing Land Use Plans
and Planned Developments
MP
Land Use
MP
Zoning
2B
0-2.5
Agricultural
0-6.2
Agricultural
0.8
• Parallels a railroad ROW from
MP 0.3-7.6
• Several homes to the east and
one home to the west from MP
0.4-0.6
• One home east and one home
west of Fifield Road
intersection
• Homes along Sankey Road and
Natomas Road and rural
residences east and west of the
alignment from MP 5.2 to 8.0
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Placer County General
Plan
• Sutter Pointe Specific Plan
• Placer Vineyards
2.5-4
West; industrial,
East: agricultural
3.8
Industrial to west
4-6.2
Industrial & agricultural
6.2-8.8
Residential & agricultural
6.2-7.9
Low-density residential
7.9-end
West: agricultural,
East: agricultural-
residential, intensive
industrial, and
agricultural
8.8-end
Open space, industrial
1
0-6.7
Agricultural
0-6.7
Agricultural
1.8
• Parallels an existing
transmission line with several
crossovers
• Scattered residences between
MP 0 and 3.0
• Sutter County General
Plan
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Placer County General
Plan
• Placer Vineyards
6.7-7.9
Low-density residential
6.7-7.9
Residential & agricultural
7.9-end
Residential, agricultural,
industrial, and open
space
7.9-end
Agricultural
2C2
0-3.9
Agricultural
0-3.9
Agricultural
3.4
• Scattered residences along
route
• Placer County General
Plan
• Regional University
• Curry Creek Community
Plan
• West Roseville Specific
Plan
• Sierra Vista Specific Plan
3.9-5.0
East: open space
West: agricultural
3.9-5.0
East: open space
West: agricultural
5.0-end
Agricultural
5.0-end
Agricultural
4-68
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
Table 4.9-4 Segment information including Land Use, Zoning, Farmland, and Land Use Plans
Segment
Land Use
Zoning
Prime
Unique
Farmland
(Acres)
Other Information
Governing Land Use Plans
and Planned Developments
MP
Land Use
MP
Zoning
3
0-1.0
Industrial
0-2.3
West: agricultural
East: industrial & open
space
0.3
• Rebuild of an existing
transmission line
• Sacramento County
General Plan
• Natomas Joint Vision Area
• Panhandle Area
1.0-2.3
West; agricultural
East: industrial &
agricultural
2.3-3.3
West: agricultural
East: industrial & open
space
2.3-^.3
West: residential &
commercial
East: industrial &
residential
3.3-4.3
West: agricultural
East: agricultural &
residential
4.3-end
Industrial
4.3-end
Industrial
Burleson 2007
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-69
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Unique Farmland
I 1 ««•
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Road
dSj
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Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.9-4
Prime and Unique Farmland
1:200,000
1 0.5 0 1 2 3
Miles
N
A
W Yubal
Sutt^
Placer
^
' ^
Yolo
Sacramento
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Williamson Act Land
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Non-Pnnta AgncuRural Land
1 { Non-Erwollad Lartd
Urban and Buil-up Land
/ I Agncullura Land n Non-Ran**(al
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental BIS and EIR
Figure 4.9-5
Williamson Act Farmland
1:200,000
1 0.5 0 1 2 3
Miles
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.9: Land Use
18.9 miles of prime and unique farmland (286.4
acres) and up to 98.5 acres enrolled in the
Williamson Act. The alternatives would disturb
between 33.4 and 63.6 acres of prime and unique
farmland during construction and permanently
remove between 18.3 and 34.7 acres from
agricultural production where new structures and
access roads would be placed in the ROW. The
proposed Project would impact less than 0.04
percent of the approximately 796,000 acres of
farmland in Placer, Sacramento, and Sutter counties
and would not be expected to have a significant
impact on revenues from farming operations in each
county. Removing prime and unique farmland
permanently from agricultural use may affect
fanning operations but would not preclude their
agricultural use. Western would comply with any
applicable mitigation requirements pertaining to the
loss of prime and unique farmland and Williamson
Act Lands, as applicable.
The presence of transmission lines could impact
farming operations that use crop dusters. Crop
dusters would need to make additional passes aroimd
transmission lines and structures to achieve the same
coverage as fields without structures and
transmission lines. Transmission lines and structures
can also create potential safety hazards because they
present additional obstacles to avoid that require
additional pilot attention and can create pilot stress.
To minimize these impacts, surface application
techniques could be used near transmission lines and
structures. Additionally, farming impacts on the
groimd would include additional passes for tilling,
planting, and harvesting to maneuver around
structures. Effects on grazing, pasture, set-aside, and
other nontilled uses would be minimal. In areas
where the alternatives parallel existing transmission
lines, the addition of new transmission lines would
not add to these impacts that already exist.
Constructing and maintaining the proposed
transmission lines would not preclude farming and
are not expected to be a significant impact on
farming practices because of the relatively small
acreage involved.
The alternatives woiild remove between 78.0 and
224.2 acres of proposed development acreage (see
Table B-1 in Appendix B); however, present zoning
and land use are not designated for residential
development and this amoimt would not be expected
to preclude future development potential. Western
did not identify any conflicting utility ROW in the
planned development areas presented in Figure 4.9-3
and Table 4.9-2; therefore, conflicts with planned
utilities are not anticipated. Alternative A1 would
parallel existing distribution lines on Riego Road
and a sewer interceptor is planned along Riego
Road; however, adequate ROW is expected to be
available for new transmission lines. Alternative A3
would parallel existing SMUD distribution lines on
Elverta Road but adequate ROW is available for
new transmission lines.
4.9.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Routine maintenance activities would be conducted
under the No Action alternative that would not be
expected to conflict with existing land uses; cause
damage to roads or property; preclude present or
approved land uses, including those for prime and
unique farmland; or conflict with existing and
planned utility ROW. Western would continue to
work with landowners regarding scheduling of
routine maintenance and operation activities.
4.9.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past and present land uses in the proposed Project
area are primarily agricultural. Cumxilative impacts
have occurred from the encroachment of urban
development on farmland, which continues to
convert prime and unique farmland. According to the
California Division of Land Resource Protection,
between 2000 and 2002:
• Placer County gained 5,408 urban acres, more
than 90 percent of which had been farm or
grazing land. This was a 40-percent increase in
the urbanization rate compared to the 1998-
2000 figures.
• In Sacramento Coimty, fewer acres were
converted to urban land (2,741) than in the .
1998-2000 cycle (6,430). Farm and grazing
acres decreased by 4,551 in the 2000-2002 cycle
resulting from urbanization and improved
mapping of rural residential areas, a decrease
from the 5,729-acre drop in 1998-2000.
• Urbanization was also slightly down in Sutter
County, where 488 acres were urbanized
between 2000 and 2002, compared with 692
acres in the 1998 to 2000 cycle.
Agricultural land in Sacramento and surrounding
counties will continue to face development pressure
in the foreseeable future. The California Department
of Finance projects that the area's population will
4-72
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.10: Noise
increase from about 1.9 million in 2000 to 2.8 million
by 2020 (California Department of Finance 2006).
Foreseeable, future projects in the study area include
residential and commercial developments that would
result in a substantial conversion of agricultural land
to urban uses (see Table 4.9-3). Sacramento County is
in the early stages of implementing its farmland
mitigation policy, which would mitigate loss of
prime farmlands or lands with intensive agricultural
investments through CEQA requirements to require
in-kind protection of nearby farmland. This policy
would be expected to compensate for future
farmland conversion within Sacramento County.
The construction and maintenance of the proposed
transmission lines in Sacramento, Placer, and Sutter
counties would be a very small contributor to the
conversion of land from agricultural use compared
to ongoing conversion caused by urban
encroachment.
4.9.2.6 Summary of Impacts
While minor differences exist among altematives to
land use impacts, none of the altematives would
result in a significant direct, indirect, or cumulative
impact. The altematives would not conflict with any
approved or adopted land use plans, preclude any
present or approved land uses, have uncompensated
or unrepaired damage to roads or property, or
conflict with existing or planned utility ROWs.
Development pressures would contribute to the
conversion of prime and unique farmland. Planning
processes, however, would require that projects are
managed and compensated through various state and
local programs. Efforts and mitigation measures
implemented by these, collectively, would reduce
cumulative impacts to less than significant.
4.10 NOISE
4.10.1 Affected Environment
This section describes existing conditions and noise
imjiacts that would result from the proposed Project.
Noise is sound that is often considered undesirable
because it can interfere with speech, communication,
hearing, or is otherwise annoying. It can be intense
enough to damage hearing. Noise decreases with
distance from the source. The distance at which
sound can be heard depends on factors such as: the
intensity of the sound, meteorological conditions,
terrain, and background noise levels.
4.10.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for proposed Project altematives
would include about 38 miles of linear project
features within the counties of Sutter, Sacramento,
and Placer. The study area for noise impacts covers
the ROW and nearby areas that could be impacted
by noise from the ROW.
4.10.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Potential noise impacts for the proposed Project
would be from constmction and operation of the
line.
4.10.1.3 Characterization
Sound levels are stated in decibels (dB), a measure
of sound pressure compared to a reference sound
pressure. Sound levels calculated as decibel, A-
weighted sound levels (dBA), approximate the
frequency response of the human ear. Table 4.10-1
shows the approximate sound levels for typical noise
sources.
The study area passes through or near urban areas;
mixed agricultural, commercial, industrial, and
residential developments; and highways. OSHA and
the Califomia Noise Control Act (Califomia Health
and Safety Code Sections 46000 to 46080) apply to
the generation of, and exposure to, noise. Counties
and local governments set noise regulations to
protect communities against nuisance noises and
noise from incompatible land uses.
The average day-to-night noise level (Ljn) is used as a
standard of regulation and is calculated by adding a
10-dB penalty to sound levels in the night (10 p.m. to 7
a.m.) to compensate for the increased sensitivity to
noise during the quieter evening and nighttime hours.
Noise sources exceeding a day-to-night standard of 65
dBA (Ldn) at residences are generally considered to be
incompatible with residential land uses. EPA has
published an outdoor noise level guideline of 55 dBA
averaged over 24 hours (EPA 1974).
The Sutter County Genera! Plan includes policies
(Policy 8.A-2, 1996) to reduce noise from new non-
transportation sources to below the standards of
50 dB on an hourly basis during daytime hours
(7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) and 45 dB during nighttime hours
(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.).
The Sacramento County Code (Chapter 6.68.070)
specifies exterior noise standards for residential zones
of 55 dBA between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. and 50 dBA
between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. Noise sources associated
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.10: Noise
Table 4.10-1 Sound Levels for Some Typical Outdoor Noise Sources
Noise Level
(decibels)
Outdoor Noise
110
Jet flyover at 1,000 feet
100
Gas lawn mower at 3 feet
90
Diesel truck at 50 feet
80
Urban daytime noise
70
Gas lawn mower at 100 feet
60
Heavy traffic at 300 feet
50
Quiet urban daytime
40
Quiet urban night time
30
Quiet rural night time
20
Rustling leaves
10
Mosquito at 3 feet
Source: Western 2002a
with construction, however, are exempt from these
standards as long as the construction does not take
place between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. weekdays or
between 8 p.m. and 7 a.m. weekends
(Chapter 6.68.090).
The Placer County Code (Chapter 9.36.060)
specifies exterior noise standards for residential
zones of 55 dBA between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. and
45 dBA between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. Construction
noise sources are exempt between the hours of
6 a.m. and 8 p.m. Monday through Friday, and
between the hours of 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Saturday and
Sunday, as long as all construction equipment is
fitted with factory installed muffling devices and
that all construction equipment is maintained in
good working oj-der (Chapter 9.36.030).
The Roseville Municipal Code (Section 9.24.100)
specifies exterior noise standards for residential zones
of 50 dBA between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. and 45 dBA
between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. The City of Roseville
exempts construction activities from these noise
level standards between the hours of 7 a.m. and
7 p.m. on Monday through Friday and 8 a.m. to
8 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday, as long as all
construction equipment is fitted with
factory-installed muffling devices and all
construction equipment is maintained in good
working order (Section 9.24.030).
4-74 Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EIR - Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
The study area would traverse areas ranging from
sparsely inhabited rural and agricultural to
metropolitan. Activities within the study area that
generate noise above background levels of 30 to
50 dBA would include motor vehicle traffic along the
interstates and state routes. Freeway traffic levels
can be up to 90 dBA and local traffic noise can be up
to 80 dBA. Industrial activities and construction in
the region, railroad traffic, agricultural activities, and
aircraft traffic at airstrips and at Sacramento
International Airport also contribute to noise levels
near the study area. SRs 99, 113 and 70 are the
major sources of traffic noise.
4.10.2 Environmental Consequences *
4.10.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect from noise would occur under
the following condition;
• Exceedance of local, state or Federal noise
regulations or guidelines at sensitive receptors
such as residences, hospitals, or schools.
4.10.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for noise resources from Table 3-3 include the
following:
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.10: Noise
84. All vehicles and equipment would be equipped
with required exhaust noise abatement
suppression devices.
85. Construction and maintenance activities would
be consistent with local noise ordinances.
4.10.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Each alternative would involve construction of new
transmission line and new structures. Therefore, noise
impacts from each alternative would be similar.
Construction would require the use of several kinds
of construction equipment. Sound levels from
typical construction equipment are shown in
Table 4.10-2.
New transmission line construction consists of
six phases: ROW preparation and access road
construction, excavation, concrete pouring of
foundations, steel assembly and structure erection,
wire stringing, and cleanup. Table 4.10-3 shows
sound levels from various kinds of construction
activities.
New transmission line construction, removal of
transmission structures, access road construction,
and pulling operations all generate noise. Estimated
maximum noise levels during peak construction at
the edge of ROW for the project would not exceed
93 dBA. Noise generated during wire stringing and
at the pulling sites would be about 90 dBA.
Commercial businesses and residences would be
close enough to the proposed Project alternatives
that noise from construction would be noticeable.
Because the construction would be of short duration,
with intermittent noise only during daylight hours, the
limits for day-to-night average noise (65 dBA Ldn) and
24-hour average noise (55 dBA Leq[24]) would not
likely be exceeded at any noise sensitive receptors for
an extended duration. Noise from construction activity
typically is exempt from local standards because of its
limited duration. Construction work would not exceed
2 to 3 days at most locations. In addition, feasible
noise abatement measures would be implemented
through the EPM described above. Therefore,
construction noise impacts would be considered to be
less than significant.
Corona discharges at the conductor surface resulting
from the electrical breakdown of air into charged
particles cause operational noises of transmission
lines. Noise would mainly occur during wet weather,
with noise levels low enough to blend into the
background and not be noticeable beyond the edge
of the ROW.
Table 4.10-2 Sound Levels from Typical Construction Equipment
Equipment
Average Sound
Distance (feet)
Dump Trucks
91
50
Heavy Trucks
91
50
Welding Machine
73
50
Backhoe (0.75 cubic yards)
85
50
Loader
78
50
Grader
87
50
Concrete Mixer
85
50
Movable Crane
88
50
Generator
78
50
•
Pneumatic Tools
85
30
Compressor
86
50
Trencher
72
25
Side Boom
80
25
Cat Tractor
93
25
Jackhammer
88
50
Hand Grinder
82
5
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency 1971
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.10: Noise
Table 4.10-3. Sound Levels from Typical Construction Activities
Loudest
Equipment
Composite Site
Construction
Noise Level
Noise Level at
Activity
Equipment
(dBA)
50 feet from Source (dBA)
Right-of-way, access roads.
Grader
87
90.5
gates and clearing
Dozer
85
Backhoe
85
Excavation
Heavy truck
91
93.0
Compressor
86
Backhoe
85
Foundations
Heavy truck
91
93.0
Compressor
86
Concrete mixer
85
Steel assembly and structure
Moveable crane
88
90.6
erection
Tractor
87
Side boom
74
Wire stringing
Heavy truck
91
93.4
Movable crane
88
Dozer
85
Cleanup
Heavy truck
91
93.2
Grader
87
Dozer
85
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency 1971
dBA = Decibel, A-weighted sound levels
Maintenance of the transmission line would result in
the noise of routine inspection vehicles or aircraft
periodically during the year. If repairs are required,
noise would result from vehicles, equipment, and
tools.
4.10.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Altemative, maintenance and
line inspection activities would continue on the
existing lines. Periodic noise sources would be from
inspection aircraft and vehicles with the associated
noise of equipment and tools and would be short-
term and less-than-significant.
4.10.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past and present land uses in the proposed Project
area are primarily agricultural. Ambient noise in
agricultural areas commonly includes wind and
rustling vegetation, intermittent farm equipment
operation, and minor traffic.
Constmction activities of proposed Project alternatives
would increase noise levels. These effects would be
sporadic and temporary and result in less-than-
significant direct impacts. The characteristics of
noise dictate that noise is reduced with distance. It is
unlikely that most receptors would experience an
increase in noise levels above current conditions.
Periodic increases in noise levels from maintenance
would not result in significant direct impacts. *
Foreseeable growth and development in the study
area would result in increased noise levels from
construction, traffic and more residents. Increased
population and vehicle traffic may lead to a low
cumulative effect of increased background levels
that would likely fall below local noise regulations
and be less than significant. Intermittent noise
impacts may occur during residential and
commercial construction. The proposed Project
construction would contribute to this short-term
cumulative impact; however, this cumulative impact
would be less than significant.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.11: Paleontological Resources
4.10.2.6 Summary of Impacts
No significant direct, indirect, or cumulative noise
impacts would result from proposed Project
altematives.
4.11 PALEONTOLOGICAL
RESOURCES
4.11.1 Affected Environment
This section describes paleontological resources that
occur within the proposed Project area and the
potential impacts the proposed Project may have on
them. Paleontological resources are fossilized
remains or imprints of multicellular animals and
plants (36 CFR Part 261.2). A fossil is the remnant
or trace of an organism of a past geologic age, such
as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and
preserved in the earth's crust. The significance of
paleontological resources is subjectively ranked
based on the presumed scientific value of proven
fossil content. Vertebrate fossils are typically less
abundant than invertebrate fossils and are usually
rated more significant. However, well-preserved
soft-bodied organisms, including worms, insects,
spiders, or rare invertebrate fossils, may be
considered highly significant.
The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) has
established standard guidelines that outline
acceptable professional practices in the conduct of
paleontological resource assessments and surveys;
monitoring and mitigation; data and fossil recovery;
sampling procedures; and specimen preparation,
identification, analysis, and curation. Most
California state regulatory agencies accept the SVP
standard guidelines as a measure of professional
practice and most practicing professional
paleontologists in the nation adhere closely to SVP's
requirements.
4.11.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for paleontological resources is the
width of 1 mile from the ROW centerline. The
excavation depth for footings would be dependent
on soil characteristics at each structure location;
however, a depth of 30 feet has been assumed for
similar projects.
4.11.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
The issue of environmental concem for
paleontological resources is the potential destruction
of significant fossils in the study area. Potential
impacts to paleontological resources would be
confined to construction activities. Construction of a
new transmission line would necessitate excavation
of potentially undisturbed ground and require
extensive use of heavy equipment for new structures.
Excavation for structures covers largely disturbed
agricultural regions north of the Sacramento
metropolitan area.
4.11.1.3 Characterization
The proposed Project is in the central portion of
Califomia's Central Valley. A review of collection
records maintained by the University of Califomia's
Museum of Paleontology in December 2006
revealed 15 vertebrate fossil localities within the
geologic formation underlying the segments.
Because of confidentiality concems, the exact
location of these localities is unavailable.
Paleontological resources are defined by the
geologic units in which they are found. Fossils are
found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are
typically classified into lithostratigraphic units—
units of stratified, mainly sedimentary, rocks that are
grouped based on lithology, rather than biologic
characteristics or age.
As discussed in Section 4.7 (Geology), three types
of geologic formations exist along the transmission
corridor between the O'Banion and Natomas
substations (see Figure 4.7-1), including;
• Quaternary Floodbasin (Qb)—Floodbasin
deposits, associated with flood stage on major
streams;
• Quaternary River Deposit (Qr)—River
deposits, associated with river channels,
floodplains, and natural levees; and
• Quaternary Continental Deposit (QTc)—
Continental deposits (older alluvium,
fanglomerates, and sedimentary formations).
The river and floodbasin deposits are Holocene
(since the last ice age within the last 11,000 years),
and the continental deposits are Pliocene to
Holocene. The Pliocene (5.4 to 2.4 million years
ago) represents the final stages of a global cooling
trend that led up to the ice ages.
In general, the fossil potential for the river deposits
is low because this is primarily an erosive
environment, whereas the fossil potential for the
floodbasin and continental deposits is high, because
they are depositional environments. An example of
the fossil potential of these units is excavation of
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.11: Paleontological Resources
bones from a giant ground sloth, bison, camel, and
mammoth tusks at the Arco Arena in 1989 (Butler
2001; Hilton 2002). Arco Arena is about 2 miles
west of the Natomas Substation, outside of the study
area. These fossils were found at a depth of 12 to
15 feet and date between 600,000 and 15,000 years
old in continental deposits. This was a large
excavation with a much greater likelihood of
encountering fossils, when compared to excavations
necessary for structure footings.
Lithostratigraphic units within the study area range
in age from Holocene to Pliocene. The continental
and floodbasin deposits have the potential to contain
significant fossils. Much of the existing and
proposed routes and alternatives cover large areas of
row crops and rice fields. Because of intense
cultivation, these areas would generally have a low
paleontologic expectation for near-surface soils.
4.11.2 Environmental Consequences
4.11.2.1 Standards of Significance
The effects of the proposed Project would be
considered significant if activities would result in;
• Loss of, or inaccessibility to, scientifically
important paleontological resources.
4.11.2.2 Environmentai Protection Measures
EPMs for paleontological resources issues from
Table 3-3 include the following:
57. Before construction, all supervisory construction
personnel would be instructed on the protection
of cultural, paleontological, and ecological
resources. To assist in this effort, the
construction contract would address applicable
Federal, state, and Tribal laws regarding
antiquities, fossils, plants, and wildlife, including
collection and removal, and the importance of
these resources and the purpose and necessity of
protecting them. Western would instruct that
cultural resources might be present in the study
area. Contract employees would be trained to
stop work near any discovery and notify
Western's regional environmental manager, who
would confirm that the resource is evaluated and
avoided. Known cultural resources would be
fenced and a minimum distance maintained for
work disturbances.
86. Preconstruction surveys of sensitive
paleontological areas may be conducted, as
agreed upon by the appropriate land-managing
agencies and Western.
4.11.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Potential paleontological impacts are essentially
proportional to the number of new structures
required by a given altemative and the types of
deposits on which they would be built. As discussed
in Section 4.11.1.3, paleontological resources are
unlikely to be present in river deposits (Qr) and
likely to be present in floodbasin (Qb) or continental
deposits (QTc). Access roads should have
negligible impact on paleontological resources
because they are not generally associated with
excavation. Table 4.11-1 presents the estimated miles
and proposed number of new stmctures that would be
constructed on floodbasin, continental, and river
deposits.
•
Description
Alternatives (in miles)
A1
A2
A3
A4
AS
B
C
No
Action
Miles of study area traversing continental and
floodbasin deposits (where paleontological
resources likely would be found)
30.3
30.2
30.5
31.9
30.4
28.0
34.3
0
Miles of study area traversing river deposits
(where paleontological resources would likely not
be found)
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0
Number of new structures likely to be built in
continental and floodbasin deposits
147
147
148
155
148
136
166
0
Source: Burleson 2006
Table 4.11-1 Paleontological Deposits of Concern
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.12: Socioeconomics
The proposed Project potential impacts would be in
localized areas (primarily excavations for new
structure footings). Following selection of a
Preferred Alternative, Western will determine the
proximity to known paleontological resources and
site structures to avoid them. Excavation for
structures covers largely disturbed agricultural
regions; however, installing structures to a depth of
30 feet may uncover fossils. Monitoring excavation
if fossils are encountered would reduce any
significant effect on paleontological resources for
the scientific and educational value of a significant
paleontological site.
4.11.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, the existing double-
circuit 230-kV transmission system between O'Banion
and Natomas Substations would continue to operate
and be maintained as it is presently. The line would
be periodically accessed for routine maintenance or
emergency repairs along the existing ROW and
access roads. These activities are also consistent
with the alternatives. This action would have no
impact on paleontological resources.
4.11.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past and present land uses in the study area have
been primarily agricultural, with extensive shallow
land disturbance that could impact paleontological
resources. Residential and commercial development
is proposed to extend into the study area that could
cumulatively contribute to disturbances of fossil-
bearing sedimentary deposits and threaten
paleontological resources. Developments would
follow standard design practices to minimize
paleontological impacts.
Given Westem's design standards and practices, no
significant direct or indirect impacts to
paleontological resources would result from the
proposed Project. Proper site monitoring by
supervisory construction personnel that have been
instructed on the protection of paleontological
resources would minimize the potential for loss of
paleontological resources during project activities.
Therefore, no significant cumulative impacts would
occur to paleontological resources.
4.11.2.6 Summary of Impacts
Essentially, no variation to paleontological impacts
exists between altematives. No significant direct.
indirect, or cumulative impacts would be expected
from the proposed Project.
4.12 SOCIOECONOMICS
This section describes the existing conditions and
socioeconomic impacts resulting from the proposed
Project altematives. The socioeconomic setting for
this section includes data on housing, employment,
and income. Demographic data are provided from
the 2000 U.S. Census and the Califomia Department
of Finance.
4.12.1 Affected Environment
4.12.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for the proposed Project includes the
counties of Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer and the
city of Sacramento. A large portion of the proposed
Project would cross private property or run along
existing easements owned by Westem. However, the
socioeconomic scope of the proposed Project goes
beyond the ROW, with the study area including both
the county and city level.
4.12.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concern within the study
area include displacement of existing residents,
disruption of existing businesses, reduction of
property values, effects on income and employment,
and if the proposed Project induces new growth,
long-term population increases and the resultant
demand for goods. The environmental impacts of
these issues could occur temporarily during the
constmction period and long term during operation.
The types of potential impacts listed above could
have a positive or negative effect on the
socioeconomic conditions of the study area. Potential
socioeconomic benefits include those associated with
a long-term increase in the reliability of the power
supplies transmitted over transmission lines and a
temporary increase in employment and income
during construction.
4.12.1.3 Characterization
Housing Characteristics
Table 4.12-1 presents housing unit and vacancy rate
data from the 2000 U.S. Census for Sacramento,
Sutter, and Placer counties and the city of
Sacramento.
Emplovment Characteristics. To examine labor
force characteristics, it was assumed that most
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.12: Socioeconomics
Table 4.12-1 Study Area Housing Characteristics
County/City
2000 Housing Units
2000 Vacant Housing Units
Vacancy Rate
Placer County
107,302
13,920
13.0%
Sacramento County
474,814
21,212
4.5%
Sutter County
28,319
1,286
4.5%
Total
610,435
36,418
6.0%
City of Sacramento
163,957
9,376
5.7%
Source: U.S. Census 2006
The city of Sacramento Is Included In the Sacramento County demographic numbers.
workers would commute up to 1 or 2 hours to the
proposed Project site and that the entire labor force
would come from within Sacramento, Placer, and
Sutter counties. Furthermore, it was assumed that a
major portion of the labor force would come from
within the city of Sacramento because it is the major
metropolitan center of the study area. Table 4.12-2
provides the total number of workers within the
study area for 2000, including those identified as
employed within the "construction" category in the
California Employment Development Department's
(EDD) labor force statistics (EDD 2006).
Economic Characteristics
Table 4.12-3 provides the median personal income,
total taxable sales, taxable retail sales, and the
percent contribution to the state of Califomia sales
for the three counties located within the study area
for 2000. Placer County had the highest median
personal income ($35,749) while Sutter County had
the lowest ($24,278).
Table 4.12-3. Study Area Economic
Characteristics
Table 4.12-2 Study Area Employment
Characteristics
Location
2000
Sacramento County
Total Workers
Construction Trades
Unemployment Rate
587,086
37,223 (6.3%)
38,961 (6.6%)
Sutter County
Total Workers
Construction Trades
Unemployment Rate
35,470
2,595 (7.3%)
4,127 (11.6%)
Placer County
Total Workers
Construction Trades
Unemployment Rate
123,875
10,860 (8,8%)
4,972 (4.0%)
City of Sacramento
Total Workers
Construction Trades
Unemployment Rate
184,829
9,804 (5.3%)
14,543 (7.9%)
Location
2000
Sacramento County
Median Personal Income (dollars)
Total Taxable Sales (millions)
Taxable Retail Sales (millions)
Percent of Total California Taxable Sales
$32,557
$16,593.7
$11,072.5
3.8%
Sutter County
Median Personal Income (dollars)
Total Taxable Sales (millions)
Taxable Retail Sales (millions)
Percent of Total California Taxable Sales
•
$24,278
$1,020.5
$708.1
0.2%
Placer County
Median Personal Income (dollars)
Total Taxable Sales (millions)
Taxable Retail Sales (millions)
Percent of Total California Taxable Sales
$35,749
$4,741.6
$3,384.3
1.1%
Source: U.S. Census 2006 Source: California Department of Finance 2006
Total workers Includes botti civilian and military employment
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.12: Socioeconomics
4.12.2 Environmental Consequences
4.12.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on socioeconomics would occur
under the following conditions:
• Permanent and irreversible loss of work for a
measurable number of community residents.
• Permanent displacement of existing residences
or businesses; or division of a community to a
point where interaction and communication
between community groups is affected.
• Degradation or over-commitment of existing
goods and services to an extent that would limit
the sustainability of existing communities.
4.12.2.2 Environmental Protection
Measures
Table 3-3 presents EPMs for socioeconomic issues
that include standard practices applicable to
temporary and long-term use of lands not owned by
Western;
88. Any land temporarily required for construction
of the proposed facilities (such as conductor
pulling sites and material and equipment storage
areas) would be arranged through temporary-use
permits or by specific arrangements between the
construction contractor and affected landowners.
Discussions would be made with business
owners to avoid or minimize disruptions in their
business (by posting detours and limiting the area
and time of dismption).
89. Where new ROW is needed, Western would
acquire land rights (easements) in accordance
with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and
Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
(P.L. 91-646), as amended. Easements would be
purchased through negotiations with landowners
at fair market value, based on independent
appraisals. The landowner would normally
retain title to the land and could continue to use
• the property in ways that would be compatible
with the transmission line.
4.12.2.3 Impacts from The Alternatives
Impacts to socioeconomics would be very similar for
each altemative. Transmission line construction
would create new temporary jobs for construction
workers and temporarily cause a positive increase in
income and related economic activity in the affected
counties. These impacts, along with the significant
amount of material to be purchased to construct the
transmission line, would increase revenue for some
businesses and create a minor increase in the tax
revenue received by local and state agencies. Some
material would be purchased from businesses within
the study area.
The proposed Project construction would be
conducted in stages; therefore, personnel would not
be working on all tasks simultaneously at a given
location. Construction activities would require the
employment of about 25 construction workers. As
shown in Table 4.12-2, a large construction
workforce is available within the proposed Project
area. This existing labor pool would likely be
sufficient to meet the job opportunities generated by
the proposed Project. This beneficial impact on
worker employment and income would indirectly
benefit local businesses when workers buy gas and
food or as some workers stay in local motels.
The proposed construction areas are within
commuting distance from residential communities in
the area. Construction workers not hired locally
would likely be accommodated by the vacant
housing units in the area (see Table 4.12-1). The
proposed Project would not create a demand for
additional housing, so no impacts would occur on
housing.
Construction activities would require the use of
staging areas that could restrict business access
during construction. While this type of temporary
impact would likely not affect employees, proper
signage would be posted in these areas to alert
motorists that businesses are open and show detour
routes to allow business access. Therefore, temporary
access impacts during construction would not impact
local employment levels.
The proposed Project would be constructed
primarily within rural areas. In areas where the
proposed Project would require new ROW, careful
siting would occur to avoid any displacement of
existing homes and businesses. In the event that
business or residential structures would be displaced.
Western would acquire land rights in accordance
with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real
Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
(P.L. 91-646), as amended. Western would purchase
rights through negotiations with landowners at fair
market value, based on independent appraisals.
Landowners would retain title to the land and could
continue to use the property in ways that would be
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compatible with the transmission line. Displacement
impacts would be less than significant.
Customers of utilities served by Western and SMUD
would experience an increase in the reliability of
their power supply. This long-term positive impact
would lead to indirect economic benefits, including
less frequent production losses at businesses during
power outages and related reductions in income for
business owners and their employees.
Operation of the transmission line would not induce
a long-term population increase and is not
anticipated to alter the existing economic base of the
study area, as described in Table 4.12-3. Therefore,
the proposed Project would have a less-than-
significant impact on the economic vitality of the
study area. An indirect, beneficial, long-term
socioeconomic impact would be greater power
system reliability for Western and SMUD's
customers.
4.12.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Altemative, no new
transmission lines would be constructed. The risk of
power outages could increase and outages could
become more frequent and severe. Any outages
would result in increasing widespread, negative
socioeconomic impacts to local businesses, their
employees, and perhaps the fiscal resources and
related public services of affected agencies. The No
Action Altemative could have a negative, indirect
impact on socioeconomics, as power reliability
would not improve to meet the anticipated higher
demands from growth.
4.12.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Currently, the study area of Placer, Sacramento, and
Sutter counties has a stable economic base and
adequate housing available. Past and present land
use in the proposed Project area was primarily
agricultural. The Sacramento Valley has seen
population growth for the last 20 years and
development is expected to continue in Sutter and
Placer counties and extend north from the city of
Sacramento into the study area, as further discussed
in Section 4.9. Foreseeable development would
increase constmction employment, housing, and tax
base within the study area.
4.12.2.6 Summary of Impacts
Essentially, no variation to socioeconomic impacts
exists between altematives. No significant direct.
indirect, or cumulative impacts would be expected
from the proposed Project or No Action Altemative.
4.13 SOILS
This section addresses soils within the study area
and discusses constraints posed during construction,
operation, and maintenance of the transmission line.
4.13.1 Affected Environment
The lower Sacramento Valley has many landforms.
Nearly level floodplains exist along the Sacramento,
Feather, and American Rivers and along the smaller
creeks. Basin and terrace remnant landforms are in
the American Basin, north of the American River
and east of the Sacramento River. The most
extensive area is the main valley floor, which
extends from southern Sutter County through
Sacramento County and is the primary area of the
SEIS and EIR investigation. The main valley floor
consists of nearly level, low terraces, basin rims,
and local basins with slopes of less than 1 percent
(U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1993).
Activities affecting soils would fall under Federal
EPA regulations (40 CFR Part 122) requiring the
permitting of storm water pollution under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES). The Califomia Regional Water Quality
Control Board (RWQCB) has jurisdiction over the
enforcement of the Storm Water Program in
Califomia. This agency regulates constmction
activities to control surface water mnoff,
contaminant transport and increased sedimentation
in waterways.
4.13.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for the project extends from Sutter •
County to Sacramento and Placer counties. Soils
data from Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer counties
were used for this analysis.
4.13.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concem for soils include
erosion, drainage, high water erodibility, steep
slopes, compaction from constmction disturbance,
and potential impacts to existing access roads and
new roads. These issues are somewhat heightened
from the large number of ditches, canals, rivers and
creeks, and the proximity of the water table to the
land surface. Construction and maintenance could
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.13: Soils
cause sedimentation, loss of farmland, and
revegetation. Construction of structures, footings,
and access roads in areas with steep or unstable
slopes could create hazardous conditions that may
pose a threat of disruption to structures. Increased
soil compaction and rutting in the transmission line
corridor could occur during construction, operation,
and maintenance of the transmission lines.
4.13.1.3 Characterization
The study area is in the central portion of
California's Central Valley, within the Sacramento
Valley. The primary land use types are irrigated
cropland, livestock grazing, and urban development.
Tables 4.13-1 through 4.13-3 describe the soils that
exist along the project alignment, which crosses Sutter,
Sacramento, and Placer counties. Soil information
was obtained from the Sutter, Sacramento, and Placer
Soil Surveys prepared by the USDA Soil Conservation
Service (USDA 1980, 1988 and 1993). Soil
information generally includes data describing the
physical and chemical properties of each individual
soil type. Soil permeability and erosion factors are
most pertinent to this investigation.
Table 4.13-1. Soils in Sutter County
Soil
Description
Permeability
(In/hr)
Erosion Factor K* Scale
(good 0.02 - 0.69 poor)
Oswald-Gridley-Subaco
Moderately deep, level to nearly level, poorly
drained and moderately well-drained clay and
clay loam; in basins and on basin rims
0.06-0.20
0.24-0.32
San Joaquin-Cometa
Moderately deep and very deep, level to
nearly level, well-drained sandy loam and
loam; on terraces
0.60-2.00
0.24-0.32
Shanghai-Nueva-Columbia
Very deep, level to nearly level, somewhat
poorly drained silt loam, loam, and fine sandy
loam; on floodplains
0.60-6.00
0.24-0.49
Clear Lake-Capay
Deep and very deep, level to nearly level, poorly
drained and moderately well-drained clay and
silty clay; in basins and on basin rims
0.06-0.20
0.24-0.32
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture 1988
* Erosion Factor K—The erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion.
In/hr: = Inches per hour
The estimates are based on percentage of silt, very fine sand, sand, and organic matter (as much as 4 percent) and on soil structure and permeability.
Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion.
Table 4.13-2. Soils in Sacramento County
Soil
Description
Permeability
(in/hr)
Erosion Factor K* Scale
(good 0.02 - 0.69 poor)
Sailboat-Scribner-
Cosumnes
Somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained
soils that have a seasonal high water table
and are protected by levees
0.06-2.0
0.24-0.43
Columbian-Cosumnes
Somewhat poorly drained soils that are
subject to flooding or are protected by levees
0.06-6.0
0.28-0.43
Clear Lake
Somewhat poorly drained soils that have a
seasonal high water table, are protected by
levees and are very deep or deep over a
cemented hardpan
0.06-0.20
0.24-0.32
San Joaquin
Moderately well-drained soils that are
moderately deep over a cemented hardpan
0.06-2.0
0.24-0.37
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture 1993
* Erosion Factor K—The erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion,
In/hr: Inches per hour
The estimates are based on percentage of silt, very fine sand, sand, and organic matter (as much as 4 percent) and on soil structure and permeability.
Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and riii erosion.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.13: Soils
Table 4.13-3. Soils in Placer County
Soil
Description
Permeability
(In/hr)
Erosion Factor K*
Scale (good .02 - .69 poor)
Fiddyment-Cometa-
Kaseberg
Undulating to rolling, deep to shallow, well-
drained soils that are underlain by siltstone;
on terraces
0.60-2.0
0.24-0.43
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture 1980
* Erosion Factor K—^The erosion factor K indicates tfie susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion.
In/hr: = Inches per hour
The estimates are based on percentage of silt, very fine sand, sand, and organic matter (as much as 4 percent) and on soil structure and permeability.
Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion.
Soils in Segment 1 include Oswald-Gridley-Subaco,
San Joaquin-Cometa, Shanghai-Nueva-Columbia,
and Clear Lake-Capay series. These soil types have
low-to-moderate permeability and a moderate
erosion factor. Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and
2A5 are located in both Sutter and Sacramento
counties and include primarily Clear Lake-Capay
and San Joaquin soils. These soil types have
low-to-moderate permeability and a moderate
erosion factor. Segments 2B and 2C are located in
Sutter, Sacramento, and Placer counties and include
the same soils as above. Additionally, Placer County is
composed of Fiddyment-Cometa-Kaseberg soils.
These soil types have low permeability and a
moderate erosion factor. Segment 3 is located in
Sacramento County and includes Clear Lake, San
Joaquin and Columbia-Cosumnes soils. These soil
types have low permeability and a moderate erosion
factor.
Additional soil data are available from the soil
surveys (USDA 1980, 1988 and 1993). This includes
information pertaining to the soil depth, texture,
plasticity, clay content, bulk density, water capacity,
salinity, shrink-swell potential, and wind erodibility.
This information is used to classify the type of soil.
4.13.2 Environmental Consequences
Soils could be impacted by construction and
maintenance of the transmission line and associated
access roads. Potential impacts would be limited to
the ROW for the transmission line, pulling and
tensioning sites, material storage yards, and access
roads.
4.13.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to soils would occur under the
following conditions:
• Loss of topsoil or contamination, causing a
decline in agricultural or habitat productivity;
• Erosion or siltation, resulting in measurable
contribution to air or water degradation; or
• Increase in soil compaction such that current use
or regenerative growth would be permanently
altered.
4.13.2.2 Environmental Protection
Measures
EPMs for soil resources from Table 3-3 include the
following:
62. Surface restoration would occur in
construction areas, material storage yards,
structure sites, spur roads, and existing access
roads where ground disturbance occurs or
where recontouring is required.
63. Access roads would be built at right angles to
the streams and washes to the extent practicable.
Culverts would be installed where needed. All
construction and maintenance activities would
be conducted to minimize disturbance to
vegetation and drainage channels. •
64. Excavated material or other construction
materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or
other watercourse perimeters.
65. Non-biodegradable debris would be collected
and removed from the ROW daily and taken to
a disposal facility. Slash and other
biodegradable debris would be left in place or
disposed of.
66. All soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive
drainage around the stmcture foundations.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.13: Soils
Excess soil would be removed from the site
and disposed of appropriately. Areas around
structure footings would be reseeded with
native plants.
69. A Califomia-registered Professional
Geotechnical Engineer would evaluate the
potential for geotechnical hazards and
unstable slopes on the centerline route and
areas of new road construction or widening
on slopes with more than a 15 percent
gradient.
75. On completion of the work, all work areas
except permanent access roads would be
retumed to pre-construction conditions unless
otherwise specified by the land owner/
manager.
89. Erosion control measures would be
implemented to prevent loss of soil.
Construction would be in conformance with
Western's Integrated Vegetation Management
Environmental Guidance Manual.
90. If wet areas cannot be avoided, Westem
would use wide-track or balloon tire vehicles
and equipment and/or timber mats.
91. All construction vehicle movement outside of
the ROW normally would be restricted to
approved access or public roads.
92. Where feasible, all construction activities
would be rerouted around wet areas while
ensuring that the route does not cross sensitive
resource areas.
93. Dewatering work for structure foundations or
earthwork operations adjacent to, or
encroaching on, streams or watercourses
would be conducted to prevent muddy water
and eroded materials from entering the
streams or watercourses.
100. Runoff from the construction site would be
controlled and meet RWQCB storm water
• requirements and the conditions of a
construction storm water discharge permit. A
storm water pollution prevention plan would
be prepared and implemented.
4.13.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Soil impacts are proportional to the area of surface
disturbance (from constmction of structures and
access roads). Table B-1 presents the soil
disturbances that would occur for each alternative.
Short-term disturbances would result from
construction of material storage yards, access roads,
structures, and pulling sites. Long-term disturbances
would result from structures and access roads.
Construction would require local grading that would
alter the topography. Grading could create unstable
cut-and-fill slopes, especially on steep slopes and
areas with weak rock materials. Most grading would
be required for construction of suitable footings for
the transmission structures. Grading also would be
required for access roads and construction pads for
structure sites on steep slopes to provide safe, level
surfaces for excavation equipment, cranes, bucket
trucks, and structure assembly. Hazards from unstable
slopes and seismic events could affect roads.
Debris clearing and road repair would be required
as a normal response to such events.
Construction activities that disturb one or more acre
are required to comply with the NPDES General
Permit and Waste Discharge Requirements for
discharges of stonn water associated with construction
activity (SWRCB issued Order No. 99 08 DWQ).
This permit requires the minimization or elimination
of storm water discharges from the site; and
monitoring measures that control construction
materials and wastes, erosion, and sedimentation. In
accordance to provisions of the General Permit,
construction activities must follow a Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and associated
Monitoring and Reporting Plan.
The proposed Project would not result in significant
impacts because EPMs described above and the
SWPPP would be enforced during construction and
maintenance of the transmission line. Westem would
follow its erosion control and revegetation
procedures to minimize potential erosion and
sedimentation impacts to downstream resources.
EPMs also would minimize impacts on soil
compaction that could potentially affect the time
required for successful revegetative growth or
current use such as agricultural.
Soil erosion on construction sites cannot be
eliminated, but with the application of EPMs and the
SWPPP, it can be minimized; therefore, soil
impacts would be less than significant.
4.13.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, the existing
transmission lines between O'Banion and Natomas
Substations would continue to be operated and
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maintained. The line would be periodically
accessed for routine maintenance or emergency
repairs along the existing ROWs and access roads.
4.13.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
The Sacramento Valley floor consists of nearly
level, low terraces, basin rims, and local basins
with slopes of less than one percent. Soil types in
the proposed Project Area have low to moderate
permeability, with moderate erosion factors. Past
and present land use in the proposed Project area
was primarily agricultural. Agricultural operations
can result in high soil erosion from wind, water, and
tillage.
Future land use would include residential and
commercial development within the proposed
Project area that may increase the risk of erosion and
compaction of soils from construction. These risks
would be minimized through implementation of
sound construction principles enforced by regulatory
agencies.
The proposed Project, in combination with
reasonably foreseeable projects, would not result in
erosion or siltation that would lead to measurable air
or water degradation and would not result in a loss of
topsoil that would cause a measurable decline in
agricultural or habitat uses. Therefore, no cumulative
impacts would occur to soils.
4.13.2.6 Summary of Impacts
No significant direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts
to soils would be expected from any of the proposed
Project alternatives.
4.14 TRAFFIC AND
TRANSPORTATION
4.14.1 Affected Environment
This section analyzes the potential effects on traffic
and transportatidn resulting from construction and
operation of the proposed Project. The analysis
primarily quantifies impacts on roadway levels of
service expected during proposed Project
construction.
4.14.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area related to transportation includes
roads within 0.5 mile of the segment corridors and
crossed overhead by the proposed Project within
Sacramento, Sutter, and Placer counties.
4.14.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concern would be traffic
disruption and congestion that would occur during
the construction phase. A transmission line is more
likely to affect local traffic during construction
rather than operation because there is typically only
a minimal amount of roadway activity required to
maintain a transmission line (on average, less than
one vehicle trip per day). Scoping comments
identified concerns about how the proposed Project
might affect planned transportation corridors.
4.14.1.3 Characterization
The proposed Project is located in the Greater
Sacramento Area (GSA) in Califomia. The GSA
includes El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo,
and Yuba counties and is served by an extensive
transportation system, including interstate freeway,
highway, airport, deep-water shipping channel, and
rail facilities. The proposed Project can be accessed
from State Route 99 (SR 99), State Route 70
(SR 70), State Route 113 (SR 113), and along a
variety of local access routes. These routes are
under the jurisdiction of the Califomia Department
of Transportation (Caltrans).
The northwest comer of Sacramento County is
serviced by Sacramento Regional Transit (RT). Two
bus routes are within 0.5 mile of the proposed
Project area. Proposed Project areas in south Sutter
County and westem Placer County are not serviced
by any local transit routes or rail service.
Within the study area, no major airports or airfields
intersect or overlap with the proposed Project.
Sacramento Intemational Airport is within 2 miles of
the proposed Project. Sacramento Intemational
Airport is located in the northwest comer of
Sacramento County, just north of 1-5 and west of •
SR 99, and is the primary airport for commercial air
traffic in the GSA. Another public airfield, Rio
Linda Airport, is about 2 miles east of the proposed
Project. Freedom Field, a private airfield used for
ultralight airplanes, is about 0.5 mile east of
Segment 2Ci, MP 6.7. A few small private airstrips,
used for crop dusting, are near the study area: two
airstrips near Segment 1, MP 16 (about 1.1 miles
west and 0.75 mile east); the Tenco Tractor airstrip
about 1.4 miles east of the 2A segments, MP 4.5;
and the Riego Flight Strip about 1.5 miles east of the
2A segments, MP 5.7.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.14: Traffic And Transportation
Segment 1
Segment 1 would start at Western's O'Banion
Substation and parallel the Sutter Bypass, crossing
the following Sutter County roads: Thompson Road,
Everglade Road, SR 113, Sawtelle Avenue, and
Sacramento Avenue. Following the Feather River
crossing, the alignment would cross the following
roads: Garden Highway, Lee Road, Power Line
Road, Striplin Road, and Catlett Road. Just south
of the SR 70/99 split, the alignment would cross
SR 70/99, then West Catlett Road, where it would
continue to Segment 2. Just south of the SR 70/99
split, the Segment 1 alignment would cross SR
70/99.
Segment 2A1
Segment 2A1 would parallel SR 99 for
approximately 5.1 miles, crossing the following
Sutter County roads: Howsley Road, Sankey Road,
and Riego Road. If located to the west of SR 99, the
alignment would cross to the west side of SR 99 at
Levee Road, and then back again at Riego Road. If
located to the east of SR 99, these crossings would
not be needed. The alignment would then proceed
east about 2.4 miles on the south side of Riego
Road and turn south to parallel East Levee Road for
about 3.5 miles, crossing the Sutter County line into
Sacramento County. The alignment would cross
Elverta and East Levee roads before intercepting
SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas Transmission
Line south of the Elverta Substation.
A new interchange for SR 99 at Riego Road and
widening of Riego Road from SR 99 to Placer
County are planned for 2009 to 2010 in the Segment
2A1 area.
Segment 2A2
Segment 2A2 would parallel SR 99 for
approximately 6.1 miles, crossing the following
Sutter County roads: Howsley Road, Sankey Road,
and Riego Road. If located to the west of SR 99, the
alignment would cross to the west side of SR 99 at
LeVee Road, and then back again at the
Sutter/Sacramento county line. If located to the east
of SR 99, these crossings would not be needed. The
alignment would then follow the north side of the
Sutter/Sacramento County line for about 2.5 miles.
The alignment would turn south to parallel East
Levee Road for about 2.3 miles, entering
Sacramento County and crossing Elverta and East
Levee roads before intercepting SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas Transmission Line south of the
Elverta Substation.
Segment 2A3
Segment 2A3 would parallel SR 99 for
approximately 7.7 miles, crossing the following
Sutter County roads: Howsley Road, Sankey Road,
and Riego Road, before entering Sacramento
County. If located to the west of SR 99, the
alignment would cross to the west side of SR 99 at
Levee Road, and then back again at Elverta Road. If
located to the east of SR 99, these crossings would
not be needed. The alignment would then follow the
north side of Elverta Road for about 2.4 miles. The
alignment would turn south to parallel East Levee
Road for about 0.8 mile, crossing Elverta and East
Levee roads before intercepting SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas Transmission Line south of the
Elverta Substation.
Comments were received during scoping regarding a
planned interchange at SR 99 and Elverta Road. The
interchange expansion is planned for 2014. The
proposed Project would be completed before that
time and would not interfere with the interchange
expansion.
Segment 2A4
Segment 2A4 would parallel SR 99 for
approximately 9.8 miles, crossing the following
Sutter County roads: Howsley Road, Sankey Road,
and Riego Road, before entering Sacramento County
and crossing Elverta Road. If located to the west of
SR 99, the alignment would cross to the west side of
SR 99 at Levee Road, and then back again at
Elkhom Boulevard. If located to the east of SR 99,
these additional crossings would not be needed. The
alignment would then follow the north side of
Elkhom Boulevard for about 2.8 miles to East Levee
Road, where it would intercept SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas Transmission Line. ^
The widening of Elkhom Boulevard to four lanes
from Rio Linda Boulevard to SR 99 is a planned
transportation project for 2010 in the Segment 2A4
area. The Sacramento Intemational Airport is
located 2 miles west of Segment 2A4.
Segment 2A5
Segment 2A5 would parallel SR 99 for
approximately 7.1 miles, crossing the following
Sutter County roads: Howsley Road, Sankey Road,
and Riego Road and entering Sacramento County. If
located to the west of SR 99, the alignment would
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cross to the west side of SR 99 at Levee Road, and
then back again at the proposed Community
Separator. If located to the east of SR 99, these
crossings would not be needed. The alignment
would follow the proposed Community Separator
for about 2.8 miles to East Levee Road, then proceed
south about 1.2 miles, crossing Elverta and East
Levee roads before intercepting SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas Transmission Line south of the
Elverta Substation.
Segment 2B
Segment 2B would cross the following Sutter
County roads: Howsley Road at the intersection of
Pacific Avenue, Fifield Road, Keys Road, Sankey
Road, Pleasant Grove Road, and Riego Road.
Alternative 2B would cross into Placer County at the
intersection of Riego and Pleasant Grove roads and
cross Rio Linda Boulevard at the Sacramento County
border. The altemative would then cross Elverta Road
before intercepting SMUD's existing Elverta-
Natomas Transmission Line south of the Elverta
Substation.
The realignment and widening of Pleasant Grove
Road to four lanes from Howsley Road to Riego
Road is a planned transportation project for 2010 in
the Segment 2B area.
RT Bus Route 19, which travels along Elverta Road
between Watt Avenue and Rio Linda Boulevard, is
approximately 0.5 mile east of Segment 2B.
Segment 2C
Segment 2Ci would cross the following Sutter County
roads: Pacific Avenue, Howsley Road, Fifield Road,
Keys Road at the intersection of Pleasant Grove
Road, and Sankey Road. The alignment would then
cross Riego Road into Placer County. Segment 2Ci
would cross Rio Linda Boulevard at the Sacramento
County border, then cross Elverta Road before
intercepting SMUD's existing Elverta-Natomas
Transmission Line near the Elverta Substation.
Segment 2Ci is approximately 0.5 mile west of RT
Bus Route 19, as described above.
The realignment and widening of Pleasant Grove
Road to four lanes from Howsley Road to Riego
Road is a planned transportation project for 2010 in
the Segment 2Ci area.
Segment 2C2 would begin near the intersection of
Keys Road and Locust Road in Sutter County,
crossing Locust Road. After crossing into Placer
County, the altemative would cross South Brewer
Road and Country Acres Lane. Near Phillip Road, the
alignment would proceed south, intercepting the
Fiddyment-Elverta Transmission Line.
Segment 3
Segment 3 would proceed south from the Elverta
Substation, crossing East Levee Road, Elkhom
Boulevard, Del Paso Road, and Striker Avenue
before intercepting the Natomas Substation.
RT Bus Route 14, which travels along Del Paso
Road from Norwood Avenue to Northgate
Boulevard, is approximately 0.5 mile east of
Segment 3.
The planned Downtown Natomas Airport light rail
expansion from downtown Sacramento to the
Sacramento Airport would be located near
Segment 3. A light rail station for the Downtown
Natomas Airport is planned at the intersection of
Natomas Boulevard and Del Paso Road, near the
Natomas Substation at Segment 3. The light rail
would then proceed northwest along East Commerce
Parkway, travel west 0.5 mile parallel to Elkhom
Boulevard, then tum slightly south at Power Line
Road, before proceeding north to the Sacramento
International Airport terminal. The Downtown
Natomas Airport light rail expansion is at the draft
EIS and EIR planning stage, with constmction not
expected until 2014 or beyond.
Level-of-Service Analysis
Local govemments use the Level of Service (LOS)
criteria, as defined by the 2000 Highway Capacity
Manual (Transportation Research Board 2000), to
assess the performance of their street and highway
system and roadway capacity. Traffic flow
characteristics for different LOS are presented in
Table 4.14-1 and are defined in terms of their ^
volume to capacity (V/C) ratio. Sutter County uses
LOS D as the minimum acceptable standard.
Sacramento County uses LOS D for mral areas and
LOS E for urban areas as the minimum acceptable
standards. Placer County uses LOS C on roadways,
except within 0.5 mile of state highways, where the
acceptable standard is LOS D.
A change in the V/C ratio equal to or less than 0.05
is within the day-to-day variability of traffic during
the peak hour. When the increase in the V/C ratio
exceeds 0.05, most drivers perceive an increase in
traffic congestion. Both the city of Sacramento and
Sacramento County use this threshold of
significance.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.14: Traffic And Transportation
Table 4.14-1 Level of Service Criteria
LOS
V/C Ratio
Description
A
0.00 to 0.59
Free flow/insignificant delays
B
0.60 to 0.69
Stable operation/ minimal delays
C
0.70 to 0.81
Stable operation/acceptable delays
D
0.82 to 0.89
Approaching unstable/tolerable delays
E
0.90 to 0.99
Unstable operation/significant delays
F
1.00
Forced flow/excessive delays
Source: Transportation Research Board. 2000.
LOS = Level of Service
V/C = Traffic volume to capacity ratio
Existing Conditions
Table 4.14-2 shows existing traffic volumes on local
roadways in the study area. Existing traffic volume
data were obtained from Caltrans, city of
Sacramento, Sutter County, and the Placer County
Public Works Department.
4.14.2 Environmental Consequences
4.14.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect on traffic would occur under the
following conditions:
• An increase in traffic that is substantial in
relation to the existing traffic load and capacity
of the street system;
• Exceedance, either individually or cumulatively,
of an LOS standard established by local
governments for designated roads or highways;
• A change in air traffic patterns, including either
an increase in traffic levels or a change in
location that results in substantial safety risks;
• Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or
, programs supporting alternative transportation;
• Major traffic delays for a substantial number of
motorists; or
• Physical damage to roads that is not repaired to a
level equal to, or better than, what existed prior
to construction.
4.14.2.2 Environmental Protection
Measures
EPMs for traffic issues from Table 3-3 include the
following:
70. Conform with safety requirements for
maintaining the flow of public traffic and
conduct construction operations to offer the least
possible obstruction and inconvenience to public
transportation.
73. Mark structures and/or shield wire with highly
visible devices for identified locations, as
required by applicable laws and regulations (for
example, the Federal Aviation Administration
regulations).
94. Prior to the start of construction. Western would
submit traffic control plans to all agencies with
jurisdiction of public roads that would be
affected by construction activities.
95. Western would restrict all necessary lane
closures or obstructions on major roadways
associated with construction activitks to off-
peak periods to mitigate traffic congestion and
delays.
96. Western would ensure that roads or sidewalks
damaged by construction activities would be
properly restored to their preconstruction
condition.
4.14.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Each of the altematives would have similar impacts
on traffic. Proposed Project construction was divided
into seven phases. Estimated personnel and
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.14: Traffic And Transportation
Table 4.14-2 Traffic Volume and Level of Service
Name
Average
Daily
Design
Capacity^
Existing Traffic Conditions
Traffic with Construction Trips
Added
Average
Daily Traffic
Volume'''^''®'
V/C
LOS
New
Average Daily
Traffic Volume
New
V/C
New
LOS
SR 70 at SR 99 Junction
80,000
15,800
0.20
A
15,934
0.20
A
SR 99 at Sacramento County
Line
80,000
38,500
0.48
A
38,634
0.48
A
SR 99 at Elkhorn Blvd.
80,000
53,000
0.66
B
53,134
0.66
B
SR 99 at Elverta Rd.
80,000
43,500
0.54
A
43,634
0.55
A
SR 99 at Sacramento Ave.
80,000
32,000
0.40
A
32,134
0.40
A
SR 113 at SR 99 Junction
18,000
8,600
0.48
A
8,734
0.49
A
Elverta Rd east of El Centro
18,000
7,155
0.40
A
7,289
0.40
A
Rio Linda Blvd at Main
18,000
4,422
0.25
A
4,556
0.25
A
East Levee Rd at Elkhorn Blvd
15000
1,636
0.11
A
1,770
0.12
A
Elkhorn Blvd at Natomas Blvd
18,000
7,914
0.44
A
8,048
0.45
A
Baseline Rd west of Fiddyment
Rd
18,000
4,795
0.27
A
4,929
0.27
A
Fiddyment Rd north of Baseline Rd
18,000
2,660
0.15
A
2,794
0.16
A
O'Banion Rd at Garden Highway
15,000
1,104
0.07
A
1,238
0.08
A
Catlett Rd. at Pleasant Grove Rd
15,000
468
0.03
A
602
0.04
A
Howsley Rd at Natomas Rd
15,000
2,704
0.18
A
2,838
0.19
A
Lee Rd at Garden Highway
15,000
161
0.01
A
295
0.02
A
Natomas Rd at Riego Rd
15,000
712
0.05
A
846
0.06
A
Pleasant Grove Rd at Riego Rd
18,000
1,842
0.10
A
1,976
0.11
A
Riego Rd at Placer County Line
18,000
9,405
0.52
A
9,539
0.53
A
Sankey Rd at Natomas
15,000
907
0.06
A
1,041
0.07
A
Striplin Rd at SR 99/70
15,000
162
0.01
A
296
0.02
A
' Transportation Researcti Board (2000)
" Caltrans (2006)
° Sacramento County (2006)
" City of Sacramento'l(2006b)
® Allison (2006) Sutter County
' Jacobson (2006) Placer County
V/C: Traffic volume to capacity ratio
LOS: Level of service
equipment requirements for each phase are
presented in Table 3-2. Construction traffic for each
phase is shown in Table 4.14-3. This phased
approach of construction would spread traffic
impacts along the line and over time. The following
assumptions were made for this analysis:
• Peak hour trips would account for 25 percent of
the total daily trips, or one trip, whichever is
greater; and
• Construction trucks are equivalent to three
passenger cars.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.14: Traffic And Transportation
Table 4.14-3. Maximum Daily Construction Traffic
Stringing Phase Equipment
Daily Trips
Peak Hours Trip
(morning peak)
Pullers
2
1
Tensioners
2
1
Bulldozers
2
1
Reel Trailers
24
6
Materials Truck
6
2
Manlifts
12
3
Pickup Trucks
30
8
Light Truck
6
2
Worker Passenger Vehicles
50
13
Total
134
37
Source: Western 2006
Based on the information provided in Table 3-2,
maximum traffic impacts would occur during the
stringing phase, which would require the most
vehicle trips. Table 4.14-3 presents the maximum
daily construction traffic for the stringing phase.
Potential impacts were analyzed for the morning
peak hour because the highest number of
construction trips would be expected at the start of
the day.
The increase in vehicle traffic from the proposed
Project was added to the average daily traffic data
for roads in the proposed Project area. The V/C ratio
and LOS were evaluated with the increased
construction traffic volume and results are shown in
Table 4.14-2. The increased volume caused by
construction traffic from the proposed Project would
not increase the V/C ratio more than 0.01 or increase
the LOS of any of the roads in the area. In addition,
the linear nature of the proposed Project would
distribute traffic impacts intermittently along the
proposed Project area. All roads in the proposed
Project area would continue to operate at acceptable
LOS. Therefore, traffic-related impacts caused by
proposed Project construction would be less than
significant.
The proposed Project would not be located within
Sacramento Intemational Airport airspace; therefore,
no aviation impacts would be associated with the
proposed Project. The proposed Project is located
at least 0.5 mile from all RT bus routes, so no
impact to public transit would occur. The proposed
Project would have no impact on the Downtown
Natomas Airport light rail expansion. Western
would work with local transportation planners to
ensure that proposed Project construction would
have no impact on planned transportation corridors.
Traffic impacts from additional construction
vehicles are not significant for any portion of the
proposed Project; however, when roads are crossed
overhead by stringing operations, minor temporary
traffic impacts may occur. During stringing, traffic
typically will be slowed (less than 25 miles per hour)
for 4 to 6 hours, and could be stopped for 5 minute
intervals at five different times in a given day.
Stringing across any given road would not be
expected to take longer than a day. Western's traffic
EPMs will reduce these impacts.
Construction and maintenance could temporarily
interfere with the use of local roadways or
driveways. Heavy construction equipment may
cause damage to study area roadways or driveways.
Western's EPMs would preclude and reduce the
magnitude of such impacts. These EPMs include
using detours, limiting the area and duration of
traffic impacts by carefully siting staging areas and
construction traffic routes, making arrangements
with local business owners and residents, and
repairing any damage that may occur to roadways or
driveways during construction.
The proposed Project would require at least one
Caltrans Encroachment Permit, where Segment 1
crosses over SR 70/99 near Catlett Road in Sutter
County. In addition, if the west alignment of
Alternatives A1 through A5 is selected, two
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.15: Visual Resources
additional encroachment permits would be required
where the transmission lines cross over SR 99.
Future transportation projects planned in the study
area include widening Pleasant Grove and Riego
roads and Elkhorn Boulevard and constructing new
interchanges at SR 99 and Riego and Elverta roads.
The road widening and interchange activities would
occur near all of the proposed Project alternatives
and Westem and SMUD would work cooperatively
with municipal and state agencies to ensure that the
transportation projects are not impacted and that the
LOS standards can be achieved.
4.14.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Transmission lines would not be constructed under
the No Action Altemative. Therefore, vehicle traffic
would not increase and no significant impacts would
occur. Roads in the area would continue to operate at
existing conditions.
4.14.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
The Greater Sacramento Valley is served by an
extensive transportation system, including
interstate freeway, highway, airport, deep-water
shipping channel, and rail facilities. The primary
regional transportation concem is vehicular traffic
on local roadways. At present, approximately 92
percent of the trips taken by people in the project
area are by car.
Roads in the proposed Project area all operate at an
acceptable LOS. The temporary additional
construction traffic generated by the proposed Project
would not increase the LOS for any of the affected
roads. Operations and maintenance activities would
have no direct impact on traffic. The proposed
Project would not impact air, rail, or public
transportation in the present or future. Therefore, the
proposed Project and the No Action Alternative
would have no direct or indirect impact on traffic.
Future planned development may change the
proposed Project area from agricultural to
residential, commercial, and industrial development
uses. Future transportation projects planned in the
area include the widening of Pleasant Grove and
Riego roads and Elkhom Boulevard and new
interchanges at SR 99 and Riego and Elverta roads.
These improvements would improve traffic flow in
the proposed Project area. Future development in the
area would require road improvements to mitigate
traffic impacts. Therefore, no cumulative impact
would occur to traffic and transportation.
4.14.2.6 Summary of Impacts
The alternatives having the least impacts to traffic
and transportation would be Alternatives A2 and A5
which impact the fewest number of roads. The route
option to the west of SR 99 would require two
additional crossings of SR 99 and have a greater
impact on traffic than the route option east of SR 99.
While minor differences exist in levels of
disturbance, none of the alternatives would have
significant direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts on
traffic or transportation.
4.15 VISUAL RESOURCES
4.15.1 Affected Environment
This section identifies and describes visual
resources, including visual quality and sensitivity
that could be affected by construction, operation,
and maintenance of the proposed Project. Visual
quality is the degree of harmony, contrast, and
variety within a landscape. Pleasant landscapes
generally have high visual quality. Landscapes of
high visual quality may contain distinctive
landforms, vegetation patterns, and/or water forms.
Visual sensitivity is the concem by viewers toward
change to visual quality. Visual sensitivity is higher
in natural or unmodified landscapes.
4.15.1.1 Resource Study Area
The visual resources study area consists of
viewsheds where the proposed Project could be
seen from sensitive viewing locations such as travel
routes, residences, and recreation areas. For most of
the segments, generally, there are vantage points
within 0.5 mile of proposed transmission lines that*
afford viewing opportunities from foreground and
middleground. Foreground is defined as that portion
of the landscape from the viewer's vantage point to
0.5 mile away. Middleground is defined as that
portion of the landscape from 0.5 to 4 miles away
from the viewer. Some proposed Project features
would be visible in the background (4 miles to
horizon), but all background landscapes also would
be seen in greater detail and from closer distances
from other vantage points. Therefore, for this SVS
SEIS and EIR, the study area of this visual analysis
would be limited to foreground and middleground
viewing distances from travel routes and use areas
named above.
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.15: Visual Resources
4.15.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Environmental issues related to visual impacts
include the potential effects on landscapes of high
visual quality, altering the existing landscape, and
altering existing sensitive viewsheds from residential
receptors and key viewpoints.
4.15.1.3 Characterization
The proposed Project would be located in the Central
Valley of California. Few distinctive landforms, water
forms, or vegetative patterns are present. Existing
transmission lines crisscross many portions of die
study area.
Segment 1
The visual quality around the O'Banion Substation
is average with no distinctive landscape features.
The general visual setting for Segment 1 is
agriculture and rural residences, and the visual
quality ranges from moderate to low because of the
flat landscape, common vegetation pattems, and
landscape modifications. Several existing
transmission lines reduce the visual quality. In some
locations, particularly in visual proximity, these
transmission lines dominate views and attract viewer
attention. The only aesthetic feature within Segment
1 is the Feather River, which Segment 1 would
cross. The river is a distinctive water form feature,
resulting in an area of high visual quality. The visual
sensitivity along Segment 1 is moderate, resulting
from landscape modifications, including existing
transmission lines.
Segment 2
Three altemative alignments were considered for
Segment 2: Segments 2A, 2B, and 2C. Segment 2A
was further divided into Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3,
2A4, and 2A5 to evaluate each side of SR 99 and the
various west-to-east routes between SR 99 and
points near East Levee Road. The viewpoints from
which sensitive receptors would see Segments 2A,
2B, and 2C and that define the study area viewsheds,
are* shown in Figure 4.15-1. Figures 4.15-2 to 4.15-5
present photographs along Segments 2A1,2A2,
2A3,2A4,2A5,2B, and 2C.
Segment 2 alternatives would travel south along the
east side of SR 99, and then proceed east along one
of five altematives:
• Segment 2A1 would proceed along Riego Road.
• Segment 2A2 would proceed along the
Sacramento/Sutter County Line.
• Segment 2A3 woiild proceed along Elverta
Road.
• Segment 2A4 would proceed along Elkhom
Boulevard.
• Segment 2A5 woxild proceed along a
Community Separator planned by the City of
Sacramento north of Elverta Road.
Segment 2A4 would connect directly to the Elverta-
Natomas Transmission Line south of the Elverta
Substation. Segments 2A1,2A2,2A3, and 2A5 would
turn south to intercept SMUD's existing
Elverta-Natomas Transmission Line south of the
Elverta Substation. SR 99 is well known for scenic
agricultural landscapes and small, vibrant urban
communities. However, the visual sensitivity from
freeways in the Sacramento metropolitan area is
low to moderate. There is no appreciable difference
in views or landscapes when comparing the east
and west sides of SR 99. Figures 4.15-2 and 4.15.-3
present existing visual conditions along the Segment
2A corridors that contain rural roads, flat-shrub open
space, farmland, rural access roadway, distant rural
residences, and existing distribution/transmission
lines.
Segments 2A1, 2A3, and 2A4 run adjacent to
existing distribution or transmission lines that are
prominent components of the visual landscape and
the visual quality of the routes does not contain any
rare, unique, scenic, or sensitive views.
Segments 2A2 and 2A5 bisect agricultural fields and
TNBC properties, and do not have existing
prominent distribution or transmission lines. The
visual quality of the routes does not contain any rare,
unique, scenic, or sensitive views.
Figures 4.15-4 and 4.15-5 present existing visual
conditions along Segment 2B and 2C corridors that
contain rural highway, rural flat-shrub open space,
agriculture, existing transmission lines, rural
residences, and the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal.
Segments 2B and 2C run adjacent to existing
transmission lines along Pleasant Grove Road that
are prominent components of the visual landscape
and pass the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal and rural
residences. The Pleasant Girove Creek Canal is a
drainage structure, rather than a recreational
waterway, and does not exhibit characteristics of a
rare, unique, scenic, or sensitive view area.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-93
SACRAMENTO AREA VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Visual Resources
Figure 4.15-1
Photo Log
SVS Routes
Segment
1
Alternative
A
A
Highways
Roads
Vy/atere curses
Western Substation
SMUD Substation
Existing Western Transmission Line
Cemetery
^ Photo location by Alternative
and direction of view
Scale in Miles
Photo 2A1-1 (Alternative A1): intersection ofRiego Road and
Natomas Boulevard, facing west
Photo 2A3-1 (Alternative A3): intersection ofW. Elverta Road
and Natomas Boulevard, facing west
Photo 2A2-1 (Alternative A2): Natomas Boulevard, facing west
SACRAMENTO AREA VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Visual Resources
Figure 4.15-2
Photographs Along
Alternatives A1, A2 and A3
Photo 2A5-1 (Alternative A5): Natomas Boulevard, facing west
Photo 2A4-2 (Alternative A4): intersection ofW. Elkhorn
Boulevard and Natomas Boulevard, facing west
SACRAMENTO AREA VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental ElSand EIR
Visual Resources
Figure 4.15-3
Photographs Along
Alternatives A4 and AS
Photo 2B-1 (Alternative B): 7 - intersection of Pleasant Grove
Road and Riego Road, facing northwest
Photo 2B-2 (Alternative B): intersection of Fifield Road and
Natomas Boulevard, facing south
SACRAMENTO AREA VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Visual Resources
Figure 4.15-4
Photographs Along
Alternative B
Photo 2C-1 (Alternative C): intersection of Keys Road and
Pleasant Grove Road, facing southeast
Photo 2C-3 (Alternative C): intersection of Riego Road and
Locust Road, facing south
SACRAMENTO AREA VOLTAGE SUPPORT
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Visual Resources
Figure 4.15-5
Photographs Along
Alternative C
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.15: Visual Resources
The visual conditions for the western part of
Segment ICi include existing transmission lines
within a rural setting. The West Roseville Open
Space Preserve and the City of Roseville's Sphere of
Influence border Segment 2C2 to the east. The
viewshed includes an existing transmission line
approximately 1.5 miles to the west from the edge of
the preserve.
Segment 3
Segment 3 runs through urban and grassland
landscapes. The American River Parkway, a wild and
scenic river (National Wild and Scenic River System
2007), is located about 3 miles south of Natomas
Substation; however, new developments have
compromised this viewshed. Visual quality is
average to low from extensively modified
landscapes. The viewshed contains a network of
transmission lines, telephone lines, and
communication towers, with transmission lines
dominating the visual setting. Around the Elverta
and Natomas Substations, the visual setting is an
expansive, flat valley floor contained by rolling hills
rising to ridgelines. A number of transmission lines
feed in and out of the Elverta and Natomas
Substations, and draw visual attention. Although the
landscape contains varied topography,
modifications from structures have resulted in an
average visual quality.
4.15.2 Environmental Consequences
Maintenance and construction activities could
potentially impact scenic quality and the viewer's
experience resulting from the visual intrusion of
construction vehicles, equipment, and workers. The
proposed Project could create visual impacts from
new transmission lines.
4.15.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to visual resources would occur
under the following conditions:
• Cause a visual interruption that would dominate
* a rare, unique, scenic, or sensitive viewshed; and
• Conflict with or violate a formal, visual
resources plan or policy, applicable to the study
area and approved or adopted by a Federal, state,
or local agency having jurisdiction.
4.15.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
One EPM for visual resources from Table 3-3
includes the following:
97. Transmission line construction design would use
monopoles whenever possible, rather than lattice
structures.
4.15.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
For all alternatives, the Feather River and the
American River Parkway are considered to be
sensitive viewsheds of high visual quality. Existing
transmission lines cross the Feather River and new
developments exist within the viewshed of the
American River Parkway that disrupt the horizon
and views of the transmission lines. Therefore, the
proposed Project's apparent, long-term visual
interruption would be less than significant. Direct
temporary impacts would result from construction
and maintenance activities that interrupt or obstruct
viewsheds. However, because of the relatively short
duration of the activities, these impacts on the visual
resources would be less than significant.
Alternatives Al, A3, and A4 would run adjacent to
existing distribution or transmission lines that are
prominent components of the visual landscape and
the visual quality of the routes do not contain any
rare, unique, scenic, or sensitive views. Therefore,
visual impacts would be less than significant.
Under Alternatives A2 and A5 new transmission
lines would bisect or be located adjacent to TNBC
and the Sacramento Community Separator. These
areas are considered sensitive viewsheds, but all
areas have existing transmission lines within their
middleground viewing distances and visual impacts
would be less than significant.
Alternatives B and C would be constructed adjacent
to the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal and rural
residences; however, the visual quality of the area
would not change considerably and no noticeable
aesthetic change would occur to the typical viewer.
Alternative C, Segment 2C2 would construct a new
transmission line located adjacent to Wgst Roseville
Preserve that is part of the City of Roseville's
westem boundary. The City of Roseville General
Plan Growth Management Element contains a visual
quality policy goal for new development west of
Fiddyment Road to be consistent with the City's
desire to establish view preservation corridors that
provide an aesthetic and recreational resource for
residents along the westem boundary of the city. The
policy states that growth should be managed in such
a way to ensure that significant open-space areas
will be preserved (Roseville 2004b). Under
Roseville's interpretation, the placement of a new
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
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Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
transmission line located immediately adjacent and
parallel to the City of Roseville's western boundary
conflicts with their visual quality policy. No other
visual resources plans or policies are known within
the study area.
Replacing lattice towers in Segment 3 for all
alternatives with monopole design may benefit the
landscape, but would cause no apparent visual
change and would not be noticeable to the typical
viewer.
4.15.2.4 impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Under the No Action Alternative, no new impacts
would occur to visual resources. During periodic
maintenance and operation of Western facilities
and ROW, workers and their equipment could draw
some visual attention for a short time. However,
these impacts would not be significant.
4.15.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
The area contains some water features in a
primarily flat, low-lying valley with panoramic
views to foothills and distant mountain ranges.
Originally, the area supported agricultural uses and
has transitioned to rural residential and urban
developments over the past several decades, which
have impacted the viewshed to a moderate-to-low
visual quality. Current and future land development
will continue to diminish the visual quality of the
area. Transmission lines would contribute to
cumulative impacts of the visual quality, these
impacts will coincide with current and future urban
and rural development. Therefore, the proposed
Project would have a less-than-significant
cumulative impact to visual resources for
Alternatives A and B. Alternative C would have a
significant indirect impact on visual resources
because Roseville has determined it would violate
their visual quality policy. Likewise, this would
result in significant cumulative effects.
4.15.2.6 Summary of Impacts
While differences to visual resources exist among
the alternatives. Western would comply with EPMs
and avoid sensitive visual resource areas. Therefore,
Alternatives A and B would not result in significant
direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts. However,
Alternative C, Segment 2C2 would conflict with the
City of Roseville's visual resource policy and result
in significant indirect and cumulative impacts.
4.16 WATER RESOURCES
4.16.1 Affected Environment
Water resources and hydrology include surface and
groundwater resources in the study area. These
resources provide drinking water and agricultural
irrigation water, as well as habitat for fish and
wildlife species. This section characterizes the water
and hydrological resources in the study area and
assesses the potential impacts of the proposed
Project.
Activities affecting water resources identified as "waters
of the United States" would fall under the Clean Water
Act (CWA) (33 U.S.C. §1251-1387), Section 404
(31 U.S.C. §1344) permitting requirements. Section
402 (33 U.S.C. §1342) NPDES, 401 Certification
(33 U.S.C. §1341), and Section 10 Rivers and
Harbors Act (33 U.S.C. §403) permitting
requirements. Jurisdictional entities include the
Central Region of the Department of Water
Resources (DWR), the RWQCB, and the
Sacramento District of the US ACE.
Under Section 404 of CWA, USACE regulates all
waters of the United States within their jurisdiction.
Waters of the United States include: navigable
waters, interstate waters, and all other waters where
the use, degradation, or destruction thereof could
affect interstate or foreign commerce; and all waters
and related tributaries, interstate lakes, rivers,
streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats,
sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet
meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds. Pursuant to
Section 404 of the CWA, USACE regulates and
issues permits for such activities. Waters of the
United States that have special ecological value are
considered to be "special aquatic sites." These sites
include wetlands, mudflats, vegetated shallows, ^
coral reefs, riffle and pool complexes, and
sanctuaries and refuges. Special aquatic sites are
defined by the EPA and may be afforded additional
consideration in the permit process for a project.
Section 404 of the CWA also requires a Section 401
water quality certification for jurisdictional waters of
the United States. RWQCB is the regulatory agency
responsible for this certification and compliance
with Section 401.
The CWA Section 402 prohibits discharge of
pollutants into waters of the United States from any
point source unless the discharge is in compliance with
an NPDES permit. The Central Valley RWQCB
administers these permits with the State Water
4-100
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and EPA
Region 9 oversight. Construction activities that
disturb one or more acre are required to comply with
the NPDES General Permit and Waste Discharge
Requirements for discharges of storm water associated
with construction activity (SWRCB issued Order
No. 99 08 DWQ). This permit requires the
minimization or elimination of storm water
discharges from the site; and monitoring measures
that control construction materials and wastes,
erosion, and sedimentation. In accordance to
provisions of the General Permit, construction
activities must follow a SWPPP and associated
Monitoring and Reporting Plan.
California's Safe Drinking Water Act requires the
Department of Health Services to regulate drinking
water, and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality
Control Act regulates water quality and beneficial
uses of state waters.
4.16.1.1 Resource Study Area
Constmcting and maintaining the transmission line and
associated access roads could impact water resources.
Potential impacts would be limited to the ROW for
the transmission line, pulling and tensioning sites,
material storage yards, and access roads. While
some limited potential impacts could occur beyond
the ROW boundaries (for example, in the case of a
spill into a creek or ditch), it is impossible to define
the boundaries for such potentialities. Therefore, this
analysis considers the area within the ROW to be the
affected environment, as physical impacts to water
resources should be limited to those areas.
4.16.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Issues of environmental concem for water resources
include erosion, compaction; sedimentation from
construction disturbance; blocked drainage;
introduction of construction debris or other fill into
surface waters; spills of petrochemicals or other
contaminants that could reach surface water or
groundwater; impacts from excavating structure
foundations; damage to irrigation improvements;
and depleted water resources. These issues are
somewhat heightened for the proposed Project
because of the large number of ditches, canals,
rivers, and creeks and the proximity of the water
table to the land surface.
4.16.1.3 Characterization
The proposed Project is in the northern portion of
Califomia's Central Valley and within the
Sacramento River Hydrologic Region. The region
drains 27,246 square miles from the northern
California border to the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta and from the Sierra Nevada in the east to the
Coast Ranges in the west (DWR 2005). Surface
water drains toward the study area, from which the
region drains generally south-southwest, converging
into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and
ultimately, the Pacific Ocean by way of San
Francisco Bay.
Beneficial uses in the Sacramento River watershed
are adversely impacted by the pressure of pollution
and sediments entering the watershed from a variety
of sources. Impacts to fisheries and drinking water
supply can be caused by turbidity, rice pesticides,
and organophosphate pesticides, such as diazinon.
Water quality problems, such as unsuitable water
temperature, toxic heavy metals (mercury, copper,
zinc, and cadmium) from acid mine drainage, and
agricultural mnoff containing pesticides and
herbicides, have contributed to the decline in
fisheries in the Sacramento River. Rice herbicide
contamination in downstream water has been
reduced by holding drainage until the herbicide has
degraded (DWR 2005).
Irrigated agriculture on the flat valley floor in the
study area has led surface water resources to be
heavily developed. Throughout the Central Valley,
agricultural crops are irrigated by extensive
networks of irrigation ditches and canals, improved
natural creeks, ponds, lakes, and other irrigation
systems. The Bureau of Reclamation and USAGE
manage some of the irrigation ditches and canals.
Others are managed by irrigation districts listed
below:
• Sutter Butte Mutual Water Company
• South Sutter Water District
• Sutter Extension Water District
• Natomas Central Municipal Water District
• Rio Linda Water District •
• City of Sacramento Water Service Area
• Sacramento County Water District
Groundwater in the Sacramento Valley is the
principle water source for urban and domestic
uses. Groundwater quality is generally good;
however, groundwater along the Sacramento River
from the Sacramento International Airport northward
to the Bear River has high levels of arsenic,
bicarbonate, chloride, manganese, and sodium, as
well as total dissolved solids (DWR 2004).
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-101
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
In general, the study area can be divided into three
main categories: urban, mixed agriculture and newer
residential development, and agriculture. Much of
the agricultural area is irrigated. A given field may
be irrigated or not in any particular year, depending
on the crop. The proposed Project area has abundant
surface water in ponds, wetlands, sloughs, creeks,
irrigation canals and drainages, and flooded fields.
The water table is near the ground surface
throughout the study area, which is essentially a
large floodplain.
Table 4.16-1 lists all water bodies crossed by
Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, 2B, 2C,
and 3. The following paragraphs describe the water
resources by segment from the northern end of the
study area to the southem end. Only canals wider
than 30 feet are specifically mentioned because of
the numerous agricultural irrigation ditches and
canals. Figures 3.1-4 to 3.1-12 present segment
locations and approximate milepost information.
Segment 1
Segment 1 leaves O'Banion Substation and trends
generally southeast along the northeast dike of the
Sutter Bypass, a 0.7- to 1-mile-wide fioodwater
bypass from the Sacramento River that floods about
once a year (see Map C-1 to -3 in Appendix C).
Segment 1 is 17.1 miles long and primarily passes
through flat, flood-irrigated cropland, including rice
paddies. The segment spans or is near irrigation
canals, drainage ditches, creeks, wetlands, and
marshes and crosses unnamed canals at MPs 0.5,
0.7, and 8.0. The segment passes through Gilsizer
Slough, a designated Fish and Game Code
significant natural wetland, that is approximately
0.5 mile wide within the existing ROW (wetlands
are further described in Section 4.17) between MPs
1.3 and 1.8 (see Map C-1 in Appendix C). The
route diverges from the Sutter Bypass at MP 9.0 and
crosses some orchards and interspersed grassland.
The segment crosses Nelson Slough and associated
Feather River at MP 11.0 and Coon Creek at MP
13.2 (see Map C-4 in Appendix C). Segment 1
continues through agricultural fields, crosses
Bunkham Slough at MP 15.6, and ends just north of
Cross Canal (see Map C-5 in Appendix C).
Segment 2
Segment 2 altematives begin on the north side of
Cross Canal, about 8.5 miles north of the Elverta
Substation (see Map C-5 in Appendix C). Cross
Canal is a tributary of the Sacramento River that
connects the river to Pleasant Grove Creek Canal
and provides water to rice fields. The Segment 2
area, like that to the north, is very flat and drained by
various creeks, sloughs, and ditches. The area
mainly consists of rice fields, with some pastureland
and cropland, and an extensive network of irrigation
ditches. Surface water is abundant in this area with
associated creeks, canals, ditches, and areas of
vernal pools and seasonal wetlands.
Segments 2A1 through 2A5 proceed 0.7 mile along
Cross Canal, then tum south and span Cross Canal.
The segments proceed south along Highway 99
along an east or west route option, traversing and
paralleling many small irrigation ditches and
unnamed canals at MP 1.9, 3.0, 5.3, until reaching
one of five routes between Riego Road and Elkhom
Boulevard. The southem portions of Segments 2A1,
2A2, and 2A5 pass through agricultural fields
parallel to the Natomas East Main Drainage Canal
(see Map C-9 in Appendix C). Segments 2A1, 2A2,
and 2A4 cross additional unnamed canals, as shown
in Table 4.9-2.
Segment 2B traverses Cross Canal, and then
continues southeast parallel to Pleasant Grove Creek
on the east (see Map C-5 in Appendix C). The
segment crosses an unnamed canal at MP 1.1,
Pleasant Grove Creek at MP 2.6, Curry Creek at
MP 3.1, and a perennial creek at MP 5.2 (see Maps
C-6, -8, and -9 in Appendix C). The segment
crosses a perennial creek at MP 8.2 and an
intermittent creek at MP 8.6.
Segment 2Ci traverses Cross Canal (see Map C-5
in Appendix C), then trends southeast, crossing an
unnamed canal at MP 1.5, Pleasant Grove Creek at
MP 2.5, and Curry Creek at MP 3.9 (see Map C-8 in
Appendix C). Seasonal wetlands, vemal pools,
swales, marsh, and creeks are located between MPs
4.4 and 9.2 (see Maps C-8 and -9 in Appendix C).
Segment 2C2 crosses about 0.2 mile of vemal pool
habitat (see Map C-11 in Appendix C), then crosses
Curry Creek at MP 5.0, an intermittent stream at MP
5.7, and an intermittent creek, seasonal wetlands,
and vemal pools between MPs 3.9 and 6.2 (see Map
C-12 in Appendix C).
Segment 3
Surface water remains abundant within Segment 3,
with the route crossing several wetland swales,
seasonal wetlands, canals, and ditches—many of
which drain into the Natomas East Drainage Canal.
Segment 3 crosses this canal less than 1 mile south
4-102
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
Table 4.16-1. Water Crossings
Segment
Mile-
post
Water Body
CA Quad^
County
Width
(feet)"
Direction'
1
0.5
Canal
Gilsizer Slough
Sutter
40
NW to SB
1
0.7
Canal
Gilsizer Slough
Sutter
40
NW to SB
1
1.3
Gllsizer Slough
Gilsizer Slough
Sutter
2826
NW to SB
1
8.0
Canal
Sutter Causeway
Sutter
50
NW to SB
1
11.0
Nelson Slough
Nicolaus
Sutter
149
NW to SB
1
11.5
Feather River
Nicolaus
Sutter
593
NW to SB
1
13.2
Coon Creek
Verona
Sutter
74
NW to SB
1
15.6
Bunkham Slough
Verona
Sutter
30
NW to SB
2A1
0.7
Cross Canal
Verona
Sutter
223
N to S
2A1
1.9
Canal
Verona
Sutter
36
N to S
2A1
6.3
Canal
Verona
Sutter
40
Wto B
2A2
0.7
Cross Canal
Verona
Sutter
223
N to S
2A2
1.9
Canal
Verona
Sutter
36
N to S
2A2
7.8
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sutter
52
Wto B
2A2
8.2
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sutter
35
Wto B
2A3
0.7
Cross Canal
Verona
Sutter
223
N toS
2A3
1.9
Canal
Verona
Sutter
36
N to S
2A4
0.7
Cross Canal
Verona
Sutter
223
N to S
2A4
1.9
Canal
Verona
Sutter
36
N to S
2A4
8.4
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sacramento
40
N to S
2A4
9.7
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sacramento
35
N to S
2A4
12.3
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sacramento
75
Wto B
2A4
12.9
Canal
Taylor Monument
Sacramento
30
WtoB
2A5
0.7
Cross Canal
Verona
Sutter
223
N to S
2A5
1.9
Canal
Verona
Sutter
36
N to S
2B
0.1
Cross Canal Floodway
Verona
Sutter
157
NW to SB
2B
11
Canal
Verona
Sutter
60
NW to SB
2B
2.6
Pleasant Grove Creek
Verona
Sutter
95
NWto SB
2B
3.1
Curry Creek
Verona
Sutter
90
NWto SB
2B
5.2
Perennial Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sutter
34
NWto SB
2B
8.2
Perennial Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sacramento
21
NB to SW
2B
8.6
Intermittent Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sacramento
8
NB to SW
2C1
0.1
Cross Canal Floodway
Verona
Sutter
157
NW to SB
2C1
1.5
Canal
Verona
Sutter
50
NW to SB
2C1
2.5
Pleasant Grove Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sutter
80
NW to SB
2C1
3.9
Curry Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sutter
21
NWto SB
2C1
5.9
Perennial Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sutter
45
N to S
2C1
8.7
Perennial Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sacramento
15
NB to SW
2C1
9.1
Intermittent Creek
Pleasant Grove
Sacramento
16
NB to SW
2C2
5.0
Curry Creek
Pleasant Grove
Placer
15
NtoS
2C2
5.7
Intermittent Creek
Pleasant Grove
Placer
15
N to S
3
0.8
Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal
Rio Linda
Sacramento
60
WtoB
3
1.5
Canal
Rio Linda
Sacramento
70
N to S
Source: Burleson 2007
' United States Geological Survey California topograptiical quadrangle sheet title
'' Approximate width along transect, as measured from topographic maps
North-N, South-S, East-E, West-W, Northeast-NE, Northwest-NW, Southeast-SE, and Southwest-SW
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-103
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
of the Elverta Substation. The segment also crosses
an unnamed canal at MP 1.5 (see Map C-10 in
Appendix C).
4.16.2 Environmental Consequences
4.16.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to water resources would occur
under the following conditions:
• Contamination of surface water from erosion or
storm water runoff that would result in a
violation of Federal and/or state water quality
standards or permits;
• Depletion of groundwater resources or
interference with groundwater recharge; or
• Increased long-term susceptibility to on- or off-
site flooding, erosion, or siltation, resulting from
altered surface hydrology.
4.16.2.2 Environmental Protection
Measures
EPMs for water resources from Table 3-3 include
the following:
25. Western would span the Feather River and
Cross Canal riparian corridor and no
construction or maintenance equipment would
cross these water bodies. Sedimentation
control structures would be used to prevent
sediment from reaching riverine habitat.
26. Hazardous materials would not be drained
onto the ground or into streams or drainage
areas. All construction and maintenance waste
would be removed daily. This would include
trash and litter, garbage, other solid waste,
petroleum products, and other regulated
materials. The materials would be sent to a
disposal facility authorized to accept such
materials.
«
59. Direct impact to irrigation system and
drainage canal features that are eligible for the
NRHP, would be avoided during the siting of
new transmission line structures and access
roads, and most other irrigation system
features would be avoided to the extent
practicable in siting new structures and access
roads.
62. Surface restoration would occur in
construction areas, material storage yards,
structure sites, spur roads, and existing access
roads where ground disturbance occurs or
where recontouring is required.
63. Access roads would be built at right angles to
the streams and washes to the extent practicable.
Culverts would be installed where needed. All
construction and maintenance activities would
be conducted to minimize disturbance to
vegetation and drainage channels.
64. Excavated material or other construction
materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or
other watercourse perimeters.
65. Non-biodegradable debris would be collected
and removed from the ROW daily and taken to
a disposal facility. Slash and other
biodegradable debris would be left in place or
disposed of.
66. All soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive
drainage around the structure foundations.
Excess soil would be removed from the site
and disposed of appropriately. Areas around
structure footings would be reseeded with
native plants.
67. Wherever possible, new structures and access
roads would be sited out of floodplains. Due
to the abundance of floodplains and surface
water resources in the study area, complete
avoidance may not be possible and Westem
would consult with USAGE.
91. All construction vehicle movement outside of
the ROW normally would be restricted to
predesignated access, contractor-acquired
access, or public roads.
92. When feasible, all construction activities
would be rerouted around wet areas while
ensuring that the route does not cross sensitive
resource areas.
93. Dewatering work for structure foundations or
earthwork operations adjacent to, or
encroaching on, streams or watercourses
would be conducted to prevent muddy water
and eroded materials from entering the
streams or watercourses with construction of
interceptors.
98. Permits, agreements, and certificates for
construction in jurisdictional waters or
4-104
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.16: Water Resources
wetlands would be obtained from the USAGE,
CDFG, and RWQCB, as needed.
99. Culverts would be installed where needed to
avoid surface water impacts during
construction of transmission line structures.
All construction activities would be conducted
in a manner to avoid impacts to water flow.
100. Runoff from the construction site would be
controlled and meet RWQCB storm water
requirements and the conditions of a
construction storm water discharge permit. A
storm water pollution prevention plan would
be prepared and implemented.
4.16.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Transmission lines normally span water bodies
because of the increased difficulty of access and
expense of construction in these areas and because
structures are typically sited on higher ground to
increase span lengths and improve conductor ground
clearance. Typical span lengths without special
structures are about 1,100 feet. Adjusting span
length would allow avoidance of most water bodies.
In terms of water resource sensitivity, the entire
study area has abundant surface water that could be
impacted. Because of the vast amount of surface
water in the study area, some impact to water
resources is unavoidable; but erosion potential is
small, given the lack of terrain relief, low stream
and river gradients, and rapid revegetation
conditions. Construction within Gilsizer Slough,
and the Feather River and Cross Canal riparian
corridors could result in increased erosion and
sedimentation, which may adversely affect water
quality. Western would span these water bodies
and no construction equipment would cross via the
water bodies when water is present. Water quality
impacts during construction, such as increased
water turbidity, release of petroleum hydrocarbons
caused by a fuel spill, and erosion of stream
banks, would be prevented by complying with the
EPMs and the SWPPP.
•
During construction in the proposed Project area.
Western would prevent contamination of surface
water from erosion or storm water runoff that would
result in a violation of applicable Federal and state
water quality standards. Western would obtain
permits to comply with applicable environmental
laws and regulations.
Transmission line structures may increase the area of
impermeable surfaces along the ROW by a
maximum of 1.8 acres long term. An area this small
would not measurably reduce groundwater recharge.
Construction and maintenance activities are not
expected to cause a depletion of groundwater
resources or interfere with groundwater recharge.
Western would prevent increased long-term
susceptibility to on- or off-site flooding, erosion, or
siltation, caused by altered surface hydrology by
performing surface restoration in construction and
maintenance areas where ground disturbance is
substantial or where recontouring is required.
Western would not stockpile excavated material or
other construction materials or deposit them near or
on stream banks, lake shorelines, or other
watercourse perimeters. Western would use
sedimentation control measures to prevent erosion
and sedimentation. Western would avoid or reduce
significant impacts during construction and
maintenance of the transmission line for each
segment by complying with EPMs.
When construction is completed, no water quality
impacts would be associated with the long-term
operation of the transmission lines. Using EPMs, the
transmission lines would not substantially degrade
water quality, contaminate a public water supply,
degrade or deplete groundwater resources, interfere
with groundwater recharge, or cause any substantial
flooding, erosion, or siltation.
Western did not determine Section 404 jurisdictional
status of water resources encountered. When the
Preferred Alternative is selected, any impacted
waters of the United States would be evaluated for
jurisdictional status during consultation with the
USAGE. Activities that require a USAGE permit
under Section 404 include placing fill or riprap,
grading, mechanized land clearing, and dredging.
4.16.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative *
Under the No Action Alternative, Western would
operate and maintain the existing transmission
system between O'Banion and Natomas substations
as it does presently. Western would periodically
access the line for routine maintenance or emergency
repairs along the existing ROW and access roads.
Depending upon the location and the season,
temporary and less-than-significant impacts to water
resources could occur because of vehicle access for
maintenance purposes. Routine vegetation
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-105
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.17: Wetlands
management activities also could cause temporary
less-than-significant impacts by removing ground
cover and soil compaction, which may increase the
potential for erosion and sedimentation. Very low
risks of physical damage to irrigation improvements
or fuel spills would exist during fieldwork. Any
damage would promptly be repaired or spills cleaned
up under Western's policies and applicable
environmental law, regulations, and permits.
4.16.2.5 Cumulative impacts
The proposed Project area traverses and parallels
several Sacramento River tributaries, creeks,
irrigation canals, and ditches. Past and present
activities in the proposed Project area, including
agriculture and mining, have contributed to
decreased water quality from turbidity, toxic heavy
metals (mercury, copper, zinc, and cadmium),
pesticides, and herbicides (DWR 2005). The Project
area overlies the North American subbasin which
lies in the eastern central portion of the Sacramento
Groundwater Basin. Groundwater quality in the
North American subbasin has been generally good;
however, groundwater along the Sacramento River
from the Sacramento Intemational Airport
northward to the Bear River contains high levels of
arsenic, bicarbonate, chloride, manganese, sodium,
and total dissolved solids (DWR 2004).
Foreseeable future projects in the study area include
commercial and residential developments that would
result in a substantial conversion of agricultural land
to urban uses (SACOG 2005a). Growth and
development in the Sacramento area would increase
water demand. DWR (2005) has acknowledged the
water use challenges that urban development would
cause, including a lack of adequate drought-period
water supplies and growth in floodplains. This could
result in cumulative impacts to hydrology and water
quality. Federal, state, and local regulations would
require that projects avoid water resources and
implement measures to protect, and in some cases
improve water resources. These efforts and measures
would reduce impacts to less than significant.
4.16.2.6 Summary of Impacts
While minor differences to water resource impacts
exist among each alternative. Western would comply
with EPMs, applicable environmental laws,
regulations, and permits. Therefore, the alternatives
would not result in significant direct, indirect, or
cumulative impacts.
4.17 WETLANDS
4.17.1 Affected Environment
This section describes existing wetland conditions
within the study area and how the project segments
and alternatives would affect these resources.
Wetlands are defined as those areas that are covered
or saturated by surface or groundwater at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that
under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include
swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas (USAGE
1987). Wetlands are delineated based on prevalent
vegetation that consists of macrophytes (large
plants) that, due to morphological, physiological,
and reproductive adaptation(s), have the ability to
grow, effectively compete, reproduce, and persist in
anaerobic (without oxygen) soil conditions; presence
of soils that have been classified as hydric (wet), or
they possess characteristics that are associated with
reducing soil conditions; and hydrology that is
covered either permanently or periodically at mean
water depths less than or equal to 6.6 feet, or the soil
is saturated to the surface at some time during the
growing season of the prevalent vegetation (USAGE
1987).
Wetlands provide natural flood protection and
erosion control, recharge surface and groundwater,
and maintain and improve local water quality. They
are among the most productive and biologically
diverse ecosystems in the world, providing dynamic
specialized habitat for a wide variety of common and
rare plant and animal species. Environmental
regulations have been developed to preserve and
protect the unique habitat types and species they
support. Figures 4.17-1 and 4.17-2 and Table 4.17-1
present the wetlands within the study area. •
Activities affecting wetlands are regulated under
Section 404 of the GWA (33 U.S.G. §1344) and
Executive Order (EG) 11990, Protection of
Wetlands (42 FR 26961). Areas that meet wetland
criteria, established by USAGE, are subject to the
regulatory jurisdiction of USAGE, pursuant to
Section 404 of the GWA (see Section 4.16). DOE
policy and procedures in 10 GFR 1022 ensure that
DOE activities in wetlands comply with the EO
requirements. This SEIS and EIR contains
information on avoiding activities impacting
wetlands to comply with 10 GFR 1022.
4-106
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
liiit ■"rvm wampt from public roleasa ur>der
lh« Freedom oflnfemwtlon Act (5 U.S.C.552)
ExampCcn 2 - Clrcumventfan of ftetJte.
GiS Western review required bttfore puUlc release.
tJmm MtfwSm
Aeetoe
Nama/Oig: Burleson Consiitlr>g Oete; 02/24/2007
This cartographic product wti GIS cMa were prepared h acoordanoe wlh
professiawl prectlca 8tar>darda. Data la oniyas accurtfe as Its primary
source and la spatlaiy reiafve-greda. It shoiid not replace or be used In
0ace of survey data. Referto metadata for source and accuracy.
TNs map and data are the property d WAPA/DOE and are Intended for
plarviing «)d analysli only. No reproductkx) or copying of this product Is
allowed wllhout the sole ocnaent of WAPA/CX>E.
Souce: SNR, GOT, Callfamia Spatai Information Utrary
Riparian
Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Waters
Watercourse
Proposed SVS Alignment
Existing Transmission Line
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.17-1
Wetlands/Riparian Crossings
Along Segment 1
1:100,000
0.50.25 0 0^^5 1
Miles
N
A
W \ Yubal
1
\ I y
SutteK
J
Placer
u
Yolo {
Sacramento
WesiBp
GtS
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be cpwnpt from public release under
the Freedom of Inforrnabon Act (5 U.S.C.552)
Exemptkri 2 • ClrcumvenOor of statute.
Western review required before puUlc release.
f<tarne/OrB: Surleeon Consiiting Date; CM/23f2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared In accordance wth
profeaslanai practice atar>darda. Data Is only as accurate as its primary
source and Is spatially relaflve-grade. It sh^d not replace or be used In
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source arid accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of this product Is
allowed without the sole ccrsent WAPA/DOE.
Source; SNR, GDI, California Spatal Information Ubrary
Riparian
Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Waters
Watercourse
Proposed SVS Alignment
Existing Transmission Line
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Figure 4.17-2
Wetlands/Riparian Crossings
Along Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4,
2A5,2B,2Ci,
2C2, and 3
1:100,000
0.50.25 0 0.5
Miles
N
A
^ \ Yubal
!
1
SutteX
Placer
Yolo
Sacramento
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequer)ces - Section 4.17: Wetlands
Table 4.17-1 Wetland Types
Wetland Type
Description
Freshwater emergent
Characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous, hydrophytic vegetation (for example, sedges, rushes,
curly dock, cattail, bulrush, arrowhead); frequently flooded or saturated soils
Riverine
Freshwater emergent wetland located within a watercourse channel that lacks trees and
shrubs, persistent emergents, mosses, and lichens
Lacustrine
Freshwater emergent wetlands associated with deepwater habitats (depressions or dammed
river channels) that lack trees and shrubs, persistent emergents, mosses, and lichens
Palustrine
Freshwater emergent wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent
mosses, or lichens, separate from or associated with riverine or lacustrine wetlands
Vernal Pool
Seasonal, perched fresh water wetlands and swales of varying size found in a larger mosaic of
grassland, oak woodland or riparian woodland, including plant species like wild oats, ripgut
brome, annual ryegrass, and foxtail
Source: Modified from Cowardin ef al., 1979
4.17.1.1 Resource Study Area
The study area for wetland resources is the
transmission line corridor along the proposed ROW
segments. This includes ROW intersections with
portions of the Feather River and smaller tributaries
and floodplains. Wetland resources may be impacted
by new construction, structure replacement, new and
existing access roads, and temporary work sites
(pulling, tensioning, and staging areas).
4.17.1.2 Issues of Environmental Concern
Project activities may destroy or degrade the
biological (species diversity and habitat) values of
wetlands and interfere with or eliminate their
beneficial functions in the ecosystem. These impacts
may occur because of excavation or filling,
disturbance of hydrologic patterns, increased
erosion and sedimentation from disturbed area
runoff, and increased access and exploitation by
humans and invasive plant species. Wetlands
associated with the abundant surface water in the
study area provide natural flood protection and
erosion control, recharge surface and groundwater,
and maintain and improve local water quality.
4.17.1.3 Characterization
Wetland resources within the study area were
detennined from a review of the USFWS National
Wetlands Inventory (USFWS 1990), USDA Soil
Conservation Service Local Identification Maps,
USGS topographic maps of the study area, and
various state of Califomia wetland inventories.
Western conducted field surveys of wetland
resources in portions of the study area between
December 2005 and July 2006. Table 4.I7-I lists
field determinations based on vegetative and
hydrologic features and classified according to
Cowardin etal. (1979).
The field survey recorded all wetland and floodplain
habitats observed along the study area. This section
presents the results. Figures 4.17-1 and 4.17-2 show
where various segments intersect and could impact
wetland habitats. The existence and extent of vernal
pool habitat was not always definitive because of
seasonal water conditions and access limitations.
Table 4.17-2 identifies the length (in miles) and the
number of acres of wetlands for each segment.
Western did not determine Section 404 jurisdictional
status of wetlands encountered. Once Western
selects a preferred alternative, any impacted
wetlands would be evaluated for jurisdictional status
during consultation with USACE.
Segment 1
Segment 1 intersects lacustrine and palustrine
freshwater emergent (a plant that is rooteet below the
water but has foliage that extends above the water
level) wetlands associated with Gilsizer Slough at
MP 1.3 to 1.8. Wetland vegetation consists of
willow, bullrush, cattail, sedge, arrowhead, and
water hyacinth. The alignment crosses the levee
setback zones and the Feather River with associated
valley-foothill riparian (habitat or areas, usually
adjacent to rivers, streams, or lakes, where the
vegetation and microclimate are heavily influenced
by water) habitat between MP 11.0 and 11.5. The
riparian vegetation is generally composed of
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EtR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-109
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.17: Wetlands
Table 4,17-2 Summary of Wetlands
Segment
Wetland
(miles crossed)
Wetland
(acres within ROW)
1
0.5
8.0
2A1
0.05
0.8
2A2
0.05
0.8
2A3
0.4
6.0
2A4
0.01
0.2
2A5
0.03
0.5
2B
1.3
19.3
2C
0.8
11.3
3
0.2
3.3
Source: Burleson 2006
Note: Wetland miles crossed and acres wlttiin the ROW were calculated using Arc GIS Software and aerial maps. Wetland locations were determined during
biological surveys and were digitized using Arc GIS. Miles crossed was calculated by starting at the edge of the wetland and following the transmission line to the
ending edge of the wetland. Acres of wetlands crossed were calculated by summing the area (acres) of wetland within each segment ROW.
Cottonwood (Populus sp.j, boxelder (Sambucus sp.),
willow (Salix sp.^, blackberry (Rubus sp.J, coyote
thistle (Eryngium vaseyi), popcorn flower
(Plagiobothrys stipitatus), hedge-hyssop (Gratiola
ebracteata), dwarf wooly-heads (Psilocarphus
brevissimus var. brevissimus), round wooly marbles
(Psilocarphus tenellus), toad rush (Juncus bufonius),
downingia (Downingia bicornuta), and goldfields
(Lasthenia sp.). The setback zones show evidence of
prior agricultural disturbance. Existing Structure
146-4 is within this area, but well away from the
valley-foothill riparian vegetation. At MP 13.2, the
segment crosses valley-foothill riparian habitat
(cottonwood and willow), including a small riverine
wetland associated with Coon Creek. The existing
transmission structures span the creek and riparian
area. Segment 1 crosses Bunkham Slough at
MP 15.6.
Segment 2A ,
Segment 2A traverses Cross Canal and associated
Great Valley Forest habitat, open water, and Great
Valley Scrub habitat. The wetland vegetation is
generally composed of cottonwood {Populus sp.),
willow {Salix sp.), blackberry {Rubus sp.), coyote
thistle {Eryngium vaseyi), popcorn flower
{Plagiobothrys stipitatus), hedge-hyssop (Gratiola
ebracteata), dwarf wooly-heads (Psilocarphus
brevissimus var. brevissimus), round wooly marbles
(Psilocarphus tenellus), toad rush (Juncus bufonius).
downingia (Downingia bicornuta), and goldfields
(Lasthenia sp.).
Segment 2A1 crosses one isolated seasonal wetland
at MP 10.0.
Segments 2A1, 2A2, and 2A5 cross eight isolated
seasonal wetlands between about MP 11.0 and the
end.
Segment 2A2 crosses a seasonal wetland at MP 9.9.
Segment 2A3 crosses 6.0 acres of seasonal wetland
and vernal pool habitats between MP 11.1 and 11.9.
Segment 2A4 crosses three small (less than 200
feet), isolated seasonal wetlands near the end.
Segment 2B
Segment 2B intersects valley-foothill riparian habitaT
and freshwater marsh associated with Cross Canal
between MP 0.0 and 0.3. The freshwater marsh is a
floodway for Cross Canal and becomes submerged
following heavy rainfall. Wetland vegetation
consists of cottonwood, willows, blackberry, and
some cattails surrounding small areas of annual
grassland. The segment continues southeast, parallel
to the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal, and crosses
freshwater marsh at MP 0.6 and less than 200 feet of
freshwater marsh at MP 0.8. The segment crosses an
unnamed canal and associated freshwater marsh at
MP 1.1, Pleasant Grove Creek at MP 2.6, and Curry
Creek at MP 3.1, which are gene rally composed of
willow and blackberry, and some seasonal wetlands
4-110
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EtR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.17: Wetlands
between MP 3.4 and 3.8. The segment then
intersects vernal pool habitat, with some palustrine
wetlands (cattails and bulrush) between MP 4.0 and
6.2, and a perennial creek with associated freshwater
marsh at MP 5.2. The segment traverses another
length of vernal pool habitat, freshwater emergent
wetlands, and two intermittent creeks in non-native
grasslands between MP 6.8 and 9.2.
Segment 2C
Segment 2Ci intersects valley-foothill riparian
wetland and freshwater marsh associated with
Cross Canal between MP 0.0 and 0.3. Wetland
vegetation consists of cotton wood, willows,
blackberry, and some cattails surrounding small
areas of annual grassland. The segment crosses an
unnamed canal with associated freshwater marsh at
MP 1.5, then crosses some seasonal wet lands and
freshwater emergent wetlands between MP 2.0 and
2.3. The segment crosses Pleasant Grove Creek at
MP 2.3, surrounded by a rice field with intermixed
cattails. Segment 2Ci spans an isolated seasonal
wetland at MP 3.8 and Curry Creek, with associated
valley-foothill riparian habitat at MP 3.9. The
segment crosses some seasonal wetlands and vernal
pools between MP 4.4 and 4.8 and a freshwater
marsh at MP 4.9. Segment 2Ci crosses primarily non-
native grasslands south of Riego Road with dense
areas of vernal pools, seasonal wetlands, wetland
swales, and two intermittent creeks between MP 7.4
and 9.2.
Segment 2C2 originates at Structure 143/3 and
proceeds east through vernal pool habitat. The
segment crosses a vemal pool at MP 1.5 and an
isolated seasonal wetland at MP 1.9, then turns south
at MP 3.9 and crosses over dense areas of vemal
pools, seasonal wetlands, and wetland swales
between MP 3.9 and 6.2. The transmission line
parallels the westem edge of the WRSP Open
Space Preserve between MP 3.9 and 4.9. This
preserve consists of several habitat types, including
non-native grasslands, vemal pools, and riparian/oak
woodland corridors. The segment intersects Curry
Cre^ at MP 5.0 and an intermittent creek at MP 5.7.
Vemal pools are present at the segment end.
Segment 3
Segment 3 intersects seasonal wetlands with some
freshwater marsh (cattails and bulmsh) between
MP 0.2 and 1.0. The segment crosses over the
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal and associated
wetlands at MP 0.8. Existing Structure 0-3 is
located on a channel margin in this area. Segment 3
intersects vernal pool habitat between MP 1.3 to 1.4
and MP 1.9 to 2.1.
4.17.2 Environmental Consequences
4.17.2.1 Standards of Significance
A significant effect to wetlands would occur under
the following conditions:
• Drainage, dewatering, or discharge of fill
material into jurisdictional wetlands under
Section 404 of the CWA or in violation of a
Section 404 permit;
• Increased access to wetland sites, resulting in
degradation of the resource; or
• Erosion and sedimentation of soils or changes in
topography that would violate water quality
standards for discharge to a wetland habitat.
4.17.2.2 Environmental Protection Measures
EPMs for wetland resources from Table 3-3 include
the following:
18. A qualified biologist would conduct a site
survey before clearing vegetation in sensitive
habitats. The purpose of this survey would be
to identify any biologically sensitive issues
such as wetlands, vemal pools, or habitat of
concem. Western would avoid these areas to
the extent practical.
22. Freshwater emergent, lacustrine, and riverine
wetlands would be spanned and vehicular
traffic would be prohibited within 100 feet of the
high-water boundary of these wetlands.
23. To the extent practical, when water is present,
vernal pools would be driven around,
spanned, or otherwise avoided.
26. Hazardous materials would not be drained
onto the ground or into streams or «lrainage
areas. All constmction and maintenance waste,
including trash and litter, garbage, other solid
waste, petroleum products, and other regulated
materials would be removed daily to a disposal
facility authorized to accept such materials.
63. Access roads would be built at right angles to
the streams and washes to the extent
practicable. Culverts would be installed
where needed. All construction and
maintenance activities would be conducted
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-111
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.17: Wetlands
to minimize disturbance to vegetation and
drain age channels.
64. Excavated material or other construction
materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or
other watercourse perimeters.
65. Non-biodegradable debris would be collected
and removed from the ROW daily and taken to
a disposal facility. Slash and other
biodegradable debris would be left in place or
disposed of.
66. All soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive
drainage around the structure foundations.
Excess soil would be removed from the site
and disposed of appropriately. Areas around
structure footings would be reseeded with
native plants.
67. Wherever possible, new structures and access
roads would be sited out of floodplains. Due to
the abundance of floodplains and surface water
resources in the study area, complete
avoidance may not be possible and Westem
would consult with USAGE.
91. Constmction vehicle movement outside of the
ROW normally would be restricted to approved
access or public roads.
92. Where feasible, all construction activities
would be routed around wet areas while
ensuring that the route does not cross sensitive
resource areas.
93. Dewatering work for structure foundations or
earthwork operations adjacent to, or
encroaching on, streams or watercourses
would be conducted to prevent muddy water
and eroded materials from entering the
streams or watercourses.
98. Applicable permits, agreements, and certificates
for construction in jurisdictional waters or
wetlands would be obtained, e.g. from the
USAGE or RWQGB, as needed.
99. Gulverts would be installed where needed to
avoid surface water impacts during construction
of transmission line structures. All construction
activities would be conducted in a manner to
avoid impacts to water flow.
100. Runoff from the construction site would be
controlled and meet RWQGB storm water
requirements and the conditions of a
construction storm water discharge permit. A
storm water pollution prevention plan would be
prepared and implemented.
101. In areas where ground disturbance is
substantial or where recontouring is required,
vegetation restoration would occur.
4.17.2.3 Impacts from Alternatives
Table 4.17-3 presents the number of structures that
could be sited in wetlands for each altemative with
associated short- and long-term impacts.
Table 4.17-3 Summary of Wetland Impacts by Alternative
Alternative
Structures Within
Wetlands
Short-Term
Acres Impact
Long-Term
Acres Impact *
A1
4
0.9
0.04
A2
4
0.9
0.04
A3
6
1.4
0.06
A4
4
0.9
0.04
A5
4
0.9
0.04
B
10
2.3
0.1
C
7
1.6
0.07
No Action
0
0.0
0.0
Source: Burleson 2007
Note: Impacts were calculated by assuming disturbance caused by structures sited in wetlands of 0.23 short-term acre and 0.01 long-term acre for each structure.
Impacts do not Include material storage yards, pulling sites, or access roads, because it was assumed that these could be sited away from sensitive areas.
4-112
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.17: Wetlands
Four structures may be sited in wetlands for
Altematives Al, A2, A4, and A5 within Segments 1
and 3. Segment 1 may have two structures sited in
Gilsizer Slough (MP 1.5 and 1.8). Construction of
these two structures would be a short-term
disturbance to approximately 0.5 acre of wetlands
and 0.02 acre long term. Segment 3 may have two
structures sited within vernal pools and would
impact 0.5 acre short term and 0.02 acre long term.
Access road disturbance was determined using the
assumptions listed in Appendix B. If access roads
could not avoid wetlands, Altemative A4 would
impact 1.0 acres and Alternatives Al, A2, and A5
would impact up to 1.1 acres long term.
Altemative A3 may have two structures sited in
wetland habitat in addition to the stmctures sited in
wetlands for Segments 1 and 3. This would result in
short-term disturbance of approximately 1.4 acres
and long-term disturbance of approximately
0.06 acre. If access roads could not avoid wetlands,
Altemative A3 would impact up to 1.8 acres long
term.
Alternative B may have two structures sited within
the freshwater marsh associated with Cross Canal
between MP 0.0 and 0.3, and four stmctures sited
within wetlands in addition to the stmctures sited
within wetlands for Segments 1 and 3. Construction
of these ten stmctures would impact up to 2.3 acres
of wetlands short term and 0.1 acre long term. If
access roads could not avoid wetlands, Altemative B
would impact up to 3.4 acres long term.
Altemative C may have three stmctures sited within
freshwater marsh or wetlands in addition to the
stmctures sited within wetlands for Segments 1
and 3, and would impact up to 1.6 acres of wetland
short term and 0.07 acre long term. If access roads
could not avoid wetlands. Alternative C would
impact up to 1.6 acres long term. Altemative C
would parallel the westem edge of the WRSP
Preserve between MP 3.9 and 4.9; however, the
transmission line would be located within
agricultural fields next to the preserve and would not
directly or indirectly affect vernal pools within the
preserve.
Filling of wetlands without mitigating them would
be a permanent adverse effect. If siting and design
specifications identify that wetland areas cannot be
avoided. Western would conduct wetland delineation
in consultation with the USAGE and USFWS. In
addition, a Section 401 RWQCB Certification and
Section 404 permit may be required before
constmction. Westem would mitigate impacts to
wetlands that cannot be avoided. Constmction of
stmctures within wetlands would result in short- and
long-term impacts. Short-term impacts during
construction may include soil erosion or
sedimentation, increased water turbidity, and erosion
of stream banks. A fuel spill could be a short-term or
long-term impact, depending on material spilled,
response time, and quality of the clean up.
Construction of access roads could allow easier
human access to wetland areas. Facilities would be
located to avoid these areas, so human access into
these areas is not expected to increase. Furthermore,
all proposed Project activities would comply with
any stipulations required by permits.
Westem would use sedimentation control measures
to prevent erosion and sedimentation of soils that
would violate water quality standards for discharge
to a wetland habitat. Changes in topography that
would violate water quality standards for discharge
to a wetland habitat would be avoided by restricting
all constmction vehicle movement outside of the
ROW to approved access or public roads; and
whenever possible, vehicular traffic would be
prohibited within 100 feet of the high-water boundary
of these wetlands. Revegetation of disturbed areas
would occur rapidly given favorable regeneration
conditions. Rapid revegetation would quickly reduce
potential erosion, sedimentation, and invasion by
non-native plant species.
Transmission lines normally span wetlands because
of the increased difficulty of access and expense of
construction in these areas and because structures
are typically sited on higher ground to increase
span lengths and improve conductor ground
clearance. Typical span lengths without special
stmctures are on the order of 1,100 feet. Adjusting
span length allows avoidance of most w«tlands.
Temporary work sites (pulling and material
storage) create temporary impacts. Given the
flexibility in siting temporary work sites, impacts to
wetland habitat would be unlikely. Significant
impacts during construction and maintenance of
transmission lines would be avoided or reduced by
Westem and its contractors by complying with the
EPMs. Additionally, altemative siting would further
reduce impacts to wetlands. Westem's project
activities would comply with applicable
environmental laws, regulations, and permits.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-113
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.18: Short-Term Uses Versus Long-Term Productivity
4.17.2.4 Impacts from the No Action
Alternative
Without the proposed Project, significant changes to
existing facilities or segment would not occur.
Existing access roads would continue to be
maintained and used under the No Action
Alternative. No new impacts to wetlands would be
expected. Normal operation, maintenance, repairs,
and emergency management of the system would
continue as in the past. There are recognized
temporary and less-than-significant impacts
associated with maintaining access and transmission
service.
4.17.2.5 Cumulative Impacts
Past and present land use in the proposed Project
area is primarily agricultural. Conversion of
wetlands to commercial and residential development
is widespread in the Central Valley (SACOG
2005a). Figure 4.9-3 shows planned development
that would convert agriculture and undisturbed land
to urban use in Sacramento, Sutter, and west Placer
Counties. These planned developments would be
required to comply with applicable approval
requirements, for which local and state authorities
would require appropriate avoidance and mitigation
measures. No significant cumulative impacts would
be anticipated.
4.17.2.6 Summary of Impacts
While minor differences occur among the levels of
disturbance for wetlands, Westem would consult
with the appropriate agencies prior to beginning
construction activities. Complying with EPMs and
consultation would prevent the altematives from
causing a significant direct, indirect, or cumulative
impact. Table 4.17-3 presents impacts to wetlands
from each alternative. Altemative B would cross
over the most wetlands (29.6 acres) and would have
the greatest direct impact (3.4 acres long term).
Altemative A4 weuld cross over the fewest wetlands
(11.5 acres) and would have 1.0 acres of long-term
impacts.
4.18 PUBLIC SERVICES
The proposed Project would provide short-term
constmction employment but no permanent
employment. A maximum of about 25 daily
workers would be on the various job sites during
peak construction periods. Project constmction
would draw the local labor workforce pool from the
affected counties. Non-local labor would be
employed for specialized skills that may not be
available locally. The limited temporary nature of
this employment would not result in long-term
growth in the area. Table 3-2 provides a breakdown
of employment skills for new transmission line
construction.
The proposed Project would not tax existing
community services or require water, wastewater, or
permanent solid waste services. The need for city-
and county-provided services, such as road
improvements, law enforcement, and fire protection,
would be negligible.
4.19 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE
IMPACTS
Westem defines unavoidable adverse impacts as
those that could not be reduced to less than
significant levels through EPMs (see Table 3-3), other
mitigation measures, or utilization of another
altemative. Only one alternative, if chosen, would
result in unavoidable adverse impact. Altemative
2C would conflict with the City of Roseville's visual
resource policy and result in significant indirect and
cumulative impacts. Westem would, however, work
closely with the City of Roseville to implement
additional mitigation measures if Altemative 2C is
selected.
4.20 SHORT-TERM USES VERSUS
LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY
This section considers the effects of the Project that
narrow the range of beneficial uses of the
environment. The Project would result in a long-
term commitment of resources along the length of
the corridor.
During the 50- to 60-year life of the transmission line,
the constmction phase for the Project would cause the*
most ground disturbance, with up to 78 acres of
temporary disturbance to the physical environment.
Impacts would include up to 497 acres of new ROW,
up to 41.5 acres for transmission stmcture
installation, 24.2 acres for access roads, 5.2 acres for
pulling sites, and about 10 acres for material storage
areas. After constmction, Westem would reclaim the
majority of disturbed areas, including new ROW,
pulling sites, material storage areas, and structure
sites to preconstmction use. Permanent land
dedicated to the facilities, resulting in up to
57.3 acres, would experience long-term disturbance
for the transmission line stmctures and access roads.
4-114
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.21: Growth Inducement
Potential adverse effects to air quality would be
short-term, mainly localized, and result from
construction of the facilities. These short-term
impacts would exceed regulatory thresholds for NOx
emissions.
Potential effects to biological resources, including
sensitive plant species, sensitive habitats, and
wildlife, primarily would be long-term, caused by
the permanent removal of vegetation and other
wildlife habitat. Habitat recovery in areas of
temporary disturbance would vary according to the
vegetation type and the presence or absence of
special-status rare plant species.
Impacts to cultural resources would last beyond the
life of the proposed Project, if cultural resources
were disturbed during construction. Similarly, direct
physical impacts to Native American sites and
paleontological resources are considered to be long-
term (permanent) and non-renewable.
Potential land use effects would be long-term in
nature because the proposed Project would remove
prime and unique farmland and Williamson Act
land from agricultural production. Short-term
impacts would result from construction noise, dust,
and equipment operations. Most of the proposed
Project would be located in rural and agricultural
areas that are expected to be developed in the future.
Current agricultural activities could continue with
minor interruption or impact and future development
potential would not be precluded. Agricultural
practices could continue on most of the ROW, except
where structures are proposed. Overall, transmission
line corridor productivity would remain similar to
existing conditions.
Noise impacts would be short-term during project
constmction. Visual effects would be both short- and
long-term. Long-term additive impacts would result
from the presence of the new transmission lines.
Visual impacts would be somewhat increased during
constmction from the presence of equipment and
related fugitive dust.
4.2^ IRREVERSIBLE/IRRETRIEVABLE
COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES
For the proposed Project, some of the resource
commitments would be irreversible and irretrievable;
that is, the resources would be neither renewable nor
recoverable for future use. Resources that would be
irreversibly or irretrievably committed by
constmction and operation of the proposed Project
include sensitive habitats, wetlands and other Waters
of the United States, and farmland where structures
and access roads would be constructed, as well as
constmction materials that could not be recovered or
recycled, and fuel consumed.
Resources used during construction of the proposed
Project would include crushed stone, sand, water,
diesel fuel, gasoline, and iron ore and coal used to
produce steel. None of these resources is in short
supply relative to the size and location of the
proposed Project.
The proposed Project would require a commitment
of human and financial resources that would prevent
use of the resources for alternative projects or
Federal activities. However, the commitment is
consistent with the purpose of and need for the
proposed action (see Section 1).
4.22 GROWTH INDUCEMENT
In accordance with CEQA Guidelines, an EIR must
"discuss the ways in which the proposed project
could foster economic or population growth, or the
construction of additional housing, either directly or
indirectly, in the surrounding environment." In
addition, when discussing growth-inducing impacts
of a proposed project, "it must not be assumed that
growth in any area is necessarily beneficial,
detrimental, or of little significance to the
environment" (CEQA Guidelines 15126(2d)).
4.22.1 Project Growth Inducement
Insufficient infrastmcture in an area is generally an
obstacle to growth because new development
typically requires water, wastewater treatment, and
roadways to be available before local jurisdictions
approve developments. Growth in the Sacramento
area is presently occurring, and many more
developments have been approved or are pending
approval, regardless of the presence or absence of
electric service. Moreover, local jurisdictions and
developers assume that electric service woiild be
provided, regardless of where the development
occurs. Because a portion of the proposed Project
purpose would be in response to this type of
development, it would not remove any current
obstacles to growth. SMUD does not have land use
authority. These decisions are made by local city and
county jurisdictions regardless of the presence or
absence of electrical infrastructure. Both SMUD and
Roseville are required by law to provide electric
service. Therefore, local jurisdictions, property
owners, and developers assume that electric service
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
4-115
Chapter 4—Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences - Section 4.23: intentional destructive acts
would be provided regardless of where the
development occurs.
4.22.2 No Action Growth Inducement
Under the No Action Alternative, no growth-
inducing impacts would occur.
4.23 INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTIVE
ACTS
The DOE requires analysis of intentional destructive
acts in NEPA analyses. Western considers these acts
to be unlikely. In the event that this proposed Project
or any part of the power system is targeted,
contingency measures are in place to maintain it.
While such acts or natural disasters would stress the
power system, protocols are in place to restore
power to high priority systems and emergency needs
first followed by subsequent needs.
4-116
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
CHAPTER 5
Projects Considered For Cumulative Impact Analysis
NEPA regulations define cumulative effects as those
effects that result from incremental impacts of a
project when added to past, present, and reasonably
foreseeable future actions, regardless of which
agency (Federal or nonfederal) or person undertakes
such actions. Cumulative effects can result from
individually minor but collectively significant
actions that take place over a period of time (40 CFR
Part 1508.7). They are similarly defined in Section
15355 of CEQA guidelines (2005) as follows:
"Cumulative impacts refer to two or more
individual effects which, when considered
together, are considerable or which
compound or increase other environmental
impacts.
(a) The individual effects may be changes
resulting from a single project or a number of
separate projects.
(b) The cumulative impact from several
projects is the change in the environment that
results from the incremental impact of the
project when added to other closely related
past, present, and reasonable foreseeable
probable future projects. Cumulative impacts
can result from individually minor but
collectively significant projects taking
place over a period of time."
The process used in this Cumulative Impact
Analysis follows the guidelines provided in the
publication "Considering Cumulative Effects under
the NEPA," (CEQ January 1997) and the CEQA
Guidelines.
Impacts associated with cumulative projects were
determined using the conclusions of the
environmental document prepared for those projects.
Cumulative effects were analyzed using three
principal steps: (I) scoping, (2) describing the
affected environment, and (3) determining the
environmental consequences. The scoping process
involved contact and coordination with municipal
planners and research of each city and county's
General Plans to obtain past, present, and reasonably
foreseeable future project information. The majority
of the projects had some type of Federal or state
environmental documentation (such as Negative
Declaration, Finding of No Significant Impact,
Environmental Assessment, EIS, and EIR), and
others were exempt from environmental review
because of their limited environmental effects and
did not require environmental analysis.
5.1 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
(BASED ON LIST OF PROJECTS)
5.1.1 Past Projects
According to CEQ guidance, agencies are not
required to list or analyze the effects of specific
individual past actions unless such information is
necessary to describe the cumulative effect of all past
actions combined (CEQ 2005). Therefore, Western
did not research specific past projects, but rather
looked at the overall past land uses in the study area
that are primarily agricultural.
5.1.2 Present and Reasonably
Foreseeable Future Projects
The projects selected for inclusion in this cumulative
impact study are located in the study area and have
environmental impacts. This cumulative impact
analysis focuses on recent development projects that
have the potential to result in environmental impacts.
All selected projects are currently under review or
have been approved between January 2005 and
May 2007.
5.1.3 Cumulative Impact Analysis
The potential cumulative impacts of the proposed
Project, when considered with the applicable
projects listed in this chapter, are discussed within
the individual topical resource sections in Chapter 4,
as applicable. Present and reasonably foreseeable
future projects within the proposed Project area are
listed in Table 5-1. Figure 4.9-3 shows planned
developments in the Project area.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
5-1
Chapter 5; Projects Considered for Cumulative Impact Analysis
Table 5-1. Concurrent Projects within Project Area
State
Clearinghouse
Number
Lead
Agency
Project Title
Project Description
2006049021
Fish & Game #2
Peasant Grove Road at Curry
Creek Bridges Replacement
Replacement of two bridges on Pleasant Grove
Road at Curry Creek
2006072098
Sacramento Area
Flood Control
Agency
Funding Mechanism for
Comprehensive Sacramento
Area Flood Protection and
Natomas Cross Canal South
Levee Phase 1 Improvements
Project
Improvements to the Cross Canal Levee
1995103063
Caltrans
Planning
Department
State Route 70 Upgrade
Upgrade SR 70 in Sutter and Yuba counties to
four lanes from the SR 99/SR 70 split to McGowan
Parkway in Marysville
2005072046
Reclamation
Board
American River Watershed-
Common Features,
Sacramento River East Levee
& Natomas Cross Canal
Levee Modification
Levee modifications, including setback levees
for improved flood control
1992032074
Sacramento
County
Metro Air Park
2,000-acre commercial and industrial
development east of the Sacramento Airport
2000092026
Sacramento
County
Elverta Specific Plan /
Countryside Equestrian
Estates
1,744-acre residential and commercial
development at Elverta Road / 16th Street
2001062035
Sacramento
County
Metro Air Parkw/ay /
1-5 Interchange
The proposed project consists of a new interchange
on 1-5, modifications to 1-5, and modifications to
the Airport Boulevard/1-5 interchange
2004062102
Sacramento
County
Upper Northwest Interceptor,
Phase 2 and 3, Sections 1-4
Sewer improvements at Elkhorn Boulevard and
Cherry Lane
2004102018
Grant Joint Union
High School
District
Grant Joint Union High
School District New High
School / Middle School
High school/middle school with a planned
enrollment capacity of a total of 2,800 students on
about 84-acres at Elkhorn Boulevard and East
Levee Road
2005062144
City of
Sacramento
Greenbriar Development
Project
Annexation to the City of Sacramento and
development of about 3,723 housing units and
30 acres of retail and commercial space at
Elkhorn Boulevard and SR 99
2005072139
Sacramento
Municipal Utility
District
Metro Air Park Neighborhood
Electric Distribution Project
Construct and operate two 69-kV neighborhood
substations and three subtransmission line
components along Elverta Road, Power Line
Road, and Elkhorn Boulevard
2006012007
Sacramento
County
Yuki Pear Orchard Removal
Remove a pear orchard to expand the Airport
Operating Area at Garden Highway and Elverta
Road
2006022095
Sacramento
Municipal Utility
District
16th Street-Elverta 69-kV
Substation and Overhead
Line Project
New substation at 16th Street and Elverta with
connecting subtransmission lines
5-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 5: Projects Considered for Cumulative Impact Analysis
Table 5-1. Concurrent Projects within Project Area
State
Clearinghouse
Number
Lead
Agency
Project Title
Project Description
2006049040
Rio Linda-
Elverta
Recreation &
Park District
Babe Best Park Concession
Stand
New park facilities at 7525 10th Street, Rio Linda
2006049042
Rio Linda-
Elverta
Recreation &
Park District
Westside Park Playground
Storage Space for Vehicles
and Other Apparatus
New recreational facilities at 6555 West 2nd Street,
Rio Linda
2006049041
Rio Linda-
Elverta
Recreation &
Park District
Sacramento Northern Depot
Welcome Visitors Center
New recreation facilities at Front Street & M
Street, Rio Linda
2006049043
Rio Linda-
Elverta
Recreation &
Park District
Harvey House Park / Shop
Project
New recreational facilities in Rio Linda
1999062020
Placer County
Planning
Department
Placer Vineyards Specific Plan
Revised Draft EIR (PEIR
T200540651)
Multi-use project on 5,158 acres at Baseline Road,
Pleasant Grove Road, Dry Creek Road, and
Walerga Road
2004062132
Placer County
Planning
Department
Whisper Creek Subdivision
104-lot residential subdivision at PFE Road,
between Walerga and Cook-Riolo roads
2004062133
Placer County
Planning
Department
Silver Creek Planned
Development Subdivision
29 acres near PFE and Walerga roads
2004062141
Placer County
Planning
Department
Morgan Place (PEIR 2004
0344)
12.5 acres near PFE and Walerga roads
2005082060
Placer County
Placer Ranch Specific Plan
2,200 acres by Fiddyment Road
2005092041
Placer County
Riolo Vineyards Specific Plan
EIR
527.5 acres near PFE and Walerga roads
2003122017
Placer County
Planning
Department
Sunset/Athens Connector
Road (EIAQ-3801)
Roadway and bridge connecting Sunset and
Athens avenues
2005032026
Placer County
Planning
Department
De la Salle University and
Community Specific Plan
•
A mixed-use community, with two primary com
ponents: the 600-acre De La Salle University/
Campus and the adjoining 536-acre Community;
north of Baseline at Brewer Road
2004122127
City of Roseville
Fiddyment 44
Filling 1,528 acres of aquatic habitat, east of
Woodcreek Oaks and Foothills
2005049026
(03-AFC-01)
Energy
Commission
Roseville Energy Park
Project
New Natural Gas Power Plant west of Sun City
Roseville, near Pleasant Grove Wastewater
Treatment Plant
SBcramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EtR • Western Area Power Admtntstratton • Sierra Nevada Region
5-3
Chapter 5: Projects Considered for Cumulative Impact Analysis
Table 5-1 Concurrent Projects within Project Area
State
Clearinghouse
Number
Lead
Agency
Project Title
Project Description
2007022043
Sacramento
Municipal Utility
District
Power Line-Elkhorn
Substation Capacity
Expansion Project
A proposed capacity expansion project of tfie
Power Line-Elkhorn substation. The existing
substation site is connected to the Elverta Circuit
#1 and the Natomas Circuit #2 existing overhead
(69-kV) lines with SMUD's subtransmission grid
system
2007032157
Sutter County
Sutter Pointe Specific Plan
Approximately 7,500-acre mixed-use project
proposed in the 9,500-acre Industrial/
Commercial Reserve area currently designated
in the Sutter County General Plan
N/A
(06-AFC-9)
E&L Westcoast,
LLC
Colusa Generating Station
A 600-MW new combined cycle power plant in
Colusa County
N/A
Western
2 GHz Spectrum Relocation -
CW-RSC portion
Install optical groundwire (OPGW) on the
Cottonwood-Roseville 230 kV line
N/A
Western
O'Banion 500 kV
Transmission Line and
Transformation Station
New transmission lines, system interconnections
and/or upgrades of existing transmission
facilities in the Sacramento, California area to
assure the reliability of electric supplies
Source: CEQAnet 2007, California Energy Commission (CEC) 2007
Note: Date Range 1/1/2005 - 5/1/2007
N/A = Not Available
AFC = Application for Certification
CW-RSC = Cottonwood - Roseviile Line
kV = kiiovolt
SR = state route
5-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
The following is a list of Federal, Tribal, state, and
local agencies contacted during preparation of the
SVS Draft SEIS and EIR. Individual groups were
contacted for background information, consultation,
and general input.
CHAPTER 6
Consultation and Coordination
• California Department of Fish and Game
• California Department of Transportation
• California Environmental Protection Agency
6.1 FEDERAL
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Natural Resource Conservation Service
U.S. Department of Energy
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2 TRIBAL
Indian Canyon Mutsun Band of Costanoan
lone Band of Miwok Indians
Miwok Indian Community
Muwekma Indian Tribe
Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians
United Aubum Indian Community of the
Auburn Rancheria
Wilton Rancheria
6.3 STATE
• California Air Resources Board
• California Native American Heritage
Commission
• California Public Utilities Commission
• California Regional Water Quality Control
Board, Central Valley Region
• California State Department of Parks and
Recreation
• State Historic Preservation Office
6.4 CITIES AND COUNTIES
Cities
• Roseville
• Sacramento
Counties
• Feather River Air Quality Management District
• Placer County Air Pollution Control District
• Placer County Planning Department
• Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality
Management District
• Sacramento County Planning Department
• Sutter County Planning Department
6.5 OTHER
• The Natomas Basin Conservancy
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
6-1
CHAPTER 7
List Of Agencies, Organizations, And
Individuals Receiving The Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement And Environmental
Impact Report
Individuals who received the SVS Draft SEIS and EIR are listed below.
Allen, Wayne
Nevada City, CA 95959
Arbios, Zack
Elverta, CA 95626
Artrip, Gregory and Shelley
Elverta, CA 95626
Bianchi, Gertrude
Elverta, CA 95626
Bianchi, John
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Borgman, Melvin J. and Charlotte E.
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668-0743
Borgman, Tina
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Brown, Bill and Sharon
Elverta, CA 95626
Christie, Chris Roy
Elverta, CA 95626
Driggs, Richard and Judith
Elverta, CA 95626
Enos, Rose
Auburn, CA 95603
Franklin, Emma
Sacrainento, CA 95833
Gardner, Robert and Rochelle
Elverta, CA 95626
Gerolamy, Rob Roy
Elverta, CA 95626
Gianella, Tom & Elizabeth
Yuba City, CA 95991
Hendrix, Richard and Lois
Elverta, CA 95626
Henton, Fred
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Holzmeister, Rich
Elverta, CA 95626
Hussain, Nihad A.
Sacramento, CA 95835
James, Lauren
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
James, Nortnan
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Jones, Jeff
Roseville, CA 95661
Keenan, Wendall
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Klasson, Mick
Davis, CA 95616
Koo, Haesun
Los Angeles, CA 90049
Krause, Gary
El Dorado Hills, CA 95712
Lamar, John and Sally
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Lee, Jong-Il Marcus
Schererville, IN 46375
Lienert, Albert and Shirley
Nicolaus, CA 95659
Litn, Yekun and Inok
Santa Monica, CA 90402
Logsdon, Robert
Elverta, CA 95626
Manich, Stephen
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Marine, Joe
Sacramento, CA 95822
Miller, Tony
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Ose, Doug
Sacramento, CA 95825
Scheidel, Silmer
Pleasant Grove, CA 95626
Schiedel, La Verne
Elverta, CA 95626
Simangan, Steve
Sacramento, CA 95835
Toler, Lana
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Van Dyke, Gary
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Viducich, Mark and Catherine
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Wallace, Robert & Shirley
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Willeford, Dan
1 Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Organizations and agencies that received the SVS Draft SEIS and EIR are listed below.
Anderson, Charles
SMAQMD
777 12th Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Backus, Brent
Placer County APCD
3091 County Center Drive, Suite 240
Auburn, CA 95603
Baker, Greg
Tribal Administrator, United Auburn
Indian Community
575 Metro Dr.
Rocklin, CA 95765
Borkenhagen, Jeane
SMAQMD
777 12th Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Cameron, Craig
SMUD
6201 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95817-1899
Carpenter, George M.
Attorney at Law
141 MorellaCt.
Roseville, CA 95747
Chang, Warren
c/o Lechan Land Corporation
501 Santa Monica Boulevard #501
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Chauhan, Nisha
EDAW Inc.
2022 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Chow, Yachun
FRAQMD
938 14th Street
Marysville, CA 95901
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
7-1
Chapter 7: List Of Agencies, Organizations, And Individuals Receiving The Sacramento Area Voltage Support Supplemental Environmental Impact
Statement And Environmental Impact Report
Christie, John A.
President Valley Land Co.
7700 College Town Drive #101
Sacramento, CA 95826
Cliften, Jim
Reclamation District 1000
1633 Garden Highway
Sacramento, CA 95833
Costa, Bill
Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274-001
Davis, William A.
Department Of Transportation, District 3
703 B St. P.O. Box 911
Marysville, CA 95901-0911
De Terra, Bruce
Office Of Transportation Planning - South,
District 3 Sacramento Area Office
Venture Oaks - MS 15, P.O. Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274-0001
Dewit, Jack
Dewit Farms
44718 South El Macero Drive
Macero, CA 95618
Diepenbrock, Karen L.
Diepenbrock Harrison
400 Capitol Mall, Suite 1800
Sacramento, CA 95814
Doyel, Cameron
Brookfield Land
2271 Lava Ridge Court, Suite 220
Roseville, CA 95661
Eng, Larry
Department of Fish & Game
1416 Ninth Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Finan, Michael
Chief Delta Office/Regulatory Branch, US
Army Corps of Engineers
1325 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95831
Follas, Dale
Sutter County Community Services
1130 Civic Center Blvd.
Yuba City, CA 95993
Forman, John S.
Navigant Consulting, Inc.
3100 Zinfandel Drive, Suite 600
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Fujii, Laura
Region 9 U.S. EPA Environmental Review
Office, CED-2 Communities and
Ecosystems Division
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Gurrola, Manuel
SCE
2244 Walnut Grove Ave. GOl, Quad 3A
Rosemead, CA 91770
Hanf, Lisa
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Heintz, Mark
Vaquero Land Holdings, LLC
4855 Ketcham Court
Granite Bay, CA 95746
Herrington, Orrick
Grant Joint UHSD Facilities
777 S. Figuero Street, Suite 3200
Los Angeles, CA 90017
Hung, Kam
City of Roseville
311 Vernon Street
Roseville, California 95678
Johnson, Michael
Placer County Planning Department
11414 B Avenue
Auburn, CA 95603
Kollen, Tim
Richland Planned Communities, Inc.
2220 Douglas Blvd. Suite 290
Roseville, CA 95661
Kruger, Harold
Appeal Democrat
P. O. Box 431
Marysville, CA 95901-0431
Larrabee, Jason
c/o Congressman Doolittle
4230 Douglas Blvd., Suite 200
Granite Bay, 95746
Last, Tom
Sutter County Community Service
Planning Department
1160 Civic Center Suite E
Yuba City, CA 95993
Li, Xiangquan
Black & Veatch (NW Interceptor Project)
10995 Gold Center Dr. Suite 100
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Light, Ronald
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
1325 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Lo Duca, Marcus J.
Sandberg, Lo Duca & Aland, LLP
3300 Douglas Blvd. #365
Roseville, CA 95661
Maier, Lonn
SMUD
6201 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95817-1899
Marr, Jenny C.
Staff Environmental Scientist California
Department of Fish and Game
Sacramento Valley Central Sierra Region,
1100 Fortress Avenue, Suite 2
Chico, CA 95973
Martinez, Pierre
Lennar Renaissance Incorporated
1075 Creekside Ridge Drive, Suite 110
Roseville, CA 95678
McGinnis, Shelley
Analytical Environmental Services
1801 7th St. Suite 100
Sacramento, CA 95814 *
Melko, David *
Policy & Program Manager, Sacramento
Regional Transit District
P.O. Box 2110
Sacramento, CA 95812-2110
Mende, Scot
City of Sacramento
915 1 Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Mirmazaheri, Mike
Chief, Floodway Protection Section,
Department of Water Resources
1416 Ninth Street, P.O. Box 942836
Sacramento, CA 94236-0001
Moore, Susan
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service,
2800 Cottage Way, Room W2605
Sacramento, CA 95825
Morse, Mark
City of Roseville
311 Vernon Street
Roseville, California 95678
Mudd, Matthew
MacKay & Somps Civil Engineers
141 MorellaCt.
Roseville, CA 95747
Murray, Jeff
Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indiands
P.O. Box 1340
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
Mussetter, Robert
Enerland, LLC
P.O. Box 838
Williams, CA 95687
Myers, Larry
Native American Heritage Commission
915 Capital Mall, Room 364
Sacramento, CA 95814
7-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 7; List Of Agencies, Organizations, And Individuals Receiving The Sacramento Area Voltage Support Supplemental Environmental Impact
Statement And Environmental Impact Report
Niegel, Larry
Niegel Land and Development Corp
4906 Pleasant Grove Road
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Noel, Martha
Maidu Elders Association
P.O. Box 206
Dobbins, CA 95935
Ohnstead, Paul
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
P.O. Box 15830
Sacramento, CA 95852-1830
Parker, Mike
City of Sacramento, Environmental Planning
Services Division
2101 Arena Blvd. Suite 200
Sacramento, CA 95834
Port, Patricia
Regional Environmental Officer, US
Department of the Interior
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park , CA 94025
Pulverman, Jeffrey
Office of Regional Planning, Caltrans,
District 3 Sacramento Area Office
P.O. Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274
Rabbon, Peter
California Reclamation Board
P.O. Box 942837
Sacramento, CA 94237
Raymond, John
Grant Joint Union High School District
1333 Grand Avenue
Sacramento, CA 95838
Reclamation Resource,
Sacramento and San Joaquin Drainage
P. 0. Box 942836
Sacramento, CA 95814
Roberts, John
Natomas Basin Conservancy
1750 Creekside Oaks Drive, Suite 290
Sacramento, CA 95833
Robinson, Ann Marie
Caltrans District 03, Division of Planning
1304 0 Street, MS 41
Sacramento, CA 95814
Robinson, Judy
Sacramento County Planning and
Community Development Department
827 7th Avenue
Sacramento, CA 95814
Rodriguez, Gonzalo
Brookfield Development
2271 Lava Ridge Court, Suite 220
Roseville, CA 95661
Royall, Steve
General Manager of Sutter Project
5029 S. Township Road
Yuba City, CA 95993
Rushmore, Kathy
URS Corporation
221 Main Street, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94105-1917
Russell, Dan
Chief Endangered Species Division, U.S.
Fish & Wildlife Service,
2800 Cottage Way, Room W2605
Sacramento, CA 95825
Scott, Ron
SMUD
6201 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95817-1899
Selph, Helen
Development Services Dept., New City
Hall
915 1 Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Shaw, John
CPA
2200 Douglas Blvd. #250-B
Roseville, CA 95661
Shearly, Carol
Director of Planning, City of Sacramento
915 1 Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Steward, Kris
Law Offices of George E. Phillips
2306 Garfield Ave.
Carmichael, CA 95608
Suehead, John
United Auburn Indian Community of the
Auburn
675 Menlo Drive, Suite 2
Rockhn, CA 95765
Tanaka, Janice
Central Valley Regional Water Control
Board
11020 Sun Center Dr. #200
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Tavares, Jessica
United Aubum Indian Community of the
Auburn
675 Menlo Drive, Suite 2
Rocklin, CA 95765
Thayer, Paul
California State Lands Commission
100 Howe Ave. Suite 100 South
Sacramento, CA 95825
Tinney, Mario
Office Of Transportation Planning - East,
District 3 Sacramento Area Office
Venture Oaks - MS 15, P.O. Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274-0001
West, William
Dunmore Homes
8781 Sierra College Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95661
Whitmore, Dale
Department of Fish and Game
1263 Nadene Drive
Marysville, CA 95901
A J R Corp
3017 Douglas Blvd. Suite 300
Roseville, CA 95661
AKT Developers Corp.
7700 College Town Drive
Sacramento, CA 95826
BD Properties
735 Sunrise Avenue, Sutie 220
Roseville, CA 95661-4596
Callan 1970 Trust
30 Bayberry Place
Hillsborough, CA 94010
City of Sacramento Department of Public
Works
123! 1 Street, Suite 230
Sacramento, CA 95835
City of Sacramento Neighborhood Planning
and Development Service
2101 Arena Blvd.. Suite 200
Sacramento, CA 95817
D.R. Horton Inc
11919 Foundation Place, Suite 200
Gold River, CA 95670
District Engineer California Dept. of
Transportation
P.O. Box 91 1
Marysville, CA 95909
Engasser 2001
1155 Lee Rd.
Nicholaus, CA 95659
Grant Union High School District
1333 Grand Avenue
Sacramento, CA 95838
John Mouricr Construction Co.
400 Mira Monte Dr.
Roseville, CA 95747
KT Communities
2251 Douglas Blvd., Suite 1 10
Roseville, CA 95661
Morrison 2000 and Morrison C Ranch
3558 Howsley Road
Pleasant Grove. CA 95668
National Employment Lawyers
Association
44 Montgomery Street, Suite 2080
San Francisco, CA 94104
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
7-3
Chapter 7: List Of Agencies, Organizations, And Individuals Receiving The Sacramento Area Voltage Support Supplemental Environmental Impact
Statement And Environmental Impact Report
Natomas Central Mutual Water Co.
2601 WElkhom
Rio Linda, CA 95673
Natomas Community Advisory Council
Natomas Service Center 3291 Truxel Rd
#26
Sacramento, CA 95833
Natomas Unified School District
1515 Sorts Dr.#l
Sacramento, CA 95834
Phillip N & DL Morrison Trust
P.O. Box 632
Pleasant Grove, CA 95668
Placer County Transportation Planning
Agency
299 Nevada Street
Auburn, CA 95603
Reclamation District 1000
1633 Garden Highway
Sacramento, CA 95833-9706
Reclamation District 1000
9055 E. Levee Road
Elverta, CA 95626
Rio Linda Water District
730 L Street
Rio Linda, CA 95673
Sac/San Joaquin Drainage District
9th and Q Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency
1007 7th Street, 7th Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Sacramento Central Library
828 I Street
Sacramento, CA 95814-2508
Sacramento County Airport System
6900 Airport Blvd.
Sacramento, CA 95837
Sacramento County Department of
Environmental Review and Assessment
827 7th Street, Room 220
Sacramento, CA 95814
Sacramento County Regional Sanitation
District
10545 Armstrong Avenue #101
Sacramento, CA 95655
South Natomas Public Library
2901 Truxel Road
Sacramento, CA 95833
Western Pacific Railroad Co. c/o Union
Pacific Railroad
1400 Douglas Street Mail Stop 1690
Omaha, NE 68179
7-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
CHAPTER 8
List Of Preparers
Name
Responsibilities
Experience
Western Area Power Administration (Western)
Tuggle, Steve
Natural Resources
Manager (2006-present)
Mr. Tuggle has a bachelor's degree in natural resource
management, with over 10 years of environmental experience.
McMahon, Loreen
Project Management
(2000-2006)
Ms. McMahon has a master's degree in public policy and
administration, with an emphasis on environmental policy and a
bachelor's degree in political science. She has worked within
the government for 24 years, including 14 years with Western.
Barger, Mary
Cultural Resources
Ms. Barger has a bachelor's degree in cultural resources from
Western Illinois University. Ms. Barger's graduate studies were
accomplished at Western Michigan University. Ms. Barger has
28 years' experience as a Federal archaeologist and 13 years'
experience with Western.
Bridges, John
Biological Resources
Mr. Bridges has a bachelor's degree and master's degree in
zoology from Eastern Illinois University. He has 19 years'
experience as a consultant to the energy industry including
16 years with Western. His expertise includes terrestrial biological
issues, avian protection programs, and endangered species
consultations.
Burton, Gary
Natural Resources
Mr. Burton has a bachelor's degree in fisheries/microbiology
from Colorado State University. He has worked as a Federal
fishery biologist for 20 years, including 8 with Western.
Christy, David
Public Involvement
Mr. Christy has a bachelor's degree in anthropology. He has
over 24 years' experience in public involvement.
Cooper, Charles, PE
Maintenance Manager
Mr. Cooper has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering
and is a registered professional engineer in California. Mr.
Cooper has 34 years' experience in power system
engineering with the Bureau of Reclamation and Western.
Cunningham, Catherine
Environmental Planning
Health and Safety
Ms. Cunningham has a bachelor's degree in animal science.
She has 7 years' experience in biological research and
15 years' experience environment, safety, and health,
respectively.
House, Phil
Power Resource Planning
Mr. House is a hydraulic engineer. He has worked for Western
for 18 years in the area of power resource planning.
Kawamura, Koji
Legal
Mr. Kawamura has a juris doctorate from the University of
Colorado at Boulder. His studies emphasized environmental
and natural resource law. He has worked with the U.S. Forest
Service and Western and is admitted to the state and Federal
bars in Colorado.
Kyriss, LaVerne
Communications Public
Involvement
Ms. Kyriss has a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master's
degree in communications. She has more than 25 years of
communications, public involvement, and editing experience,
including 19 years with Western.
Le Blanc, Frederick J.
Power System Operations
Mr. Le Blanc, has a bachelor's degree in business
administration and 37 years' experience in power system
operations in public power. He has worked for Western since
1998.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
8-1
Chapter 8: List of Preparers
Name
Responsibilities
Experience
Mathias, Kenneth. PE
Air Quality EMF Noise
Mr. Mathias is a Registered Professional mechanical
engineer, with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering
and a master's degree in geology and geophysics. He has over
24 years' experience in power system design and development,
geophysical exploration, and environmental planning and
compliance.
Miller, Heidi R.
Lands
Ms. Miller has a bachelor's degree in business administration
with a concentration in accounting. She has worked for Western
for 16 years, with over 14 years' experience in the Lands
Division.
Mirzadeh, Mariam A.
Transmission Planning
Ms. Mirzadeh has a master's degree in electrical engineering.
She has over 24 years' experience in the field of electrical
engineering. She has worked for Western since 1992, with the
last 7 years in transmission planning.
Roberts, Donald A.
Project Engineer
Mr. Roberts has a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. He
has over 24 years' experience in the fields of heavy
construction and project management. He has worked for
Western since 1991.
Sabet, Morteza
Transmission Planning
Operations
Mr. Sabet has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering
and over 34 years' experience in power system operation,
project development, and engineering. He has worked for
Western since 1980. Before joining Western, Mr. Sabet worked
with a variety of utilities and a state regulatory agency.
Sinclair, Susan
Real Estate Specialist
Ms. Sinclair has a master's degree in art history from
California State University, Sacramento. She has 9 years'
experience as an employee with Western. At Western,
Ms. Sinclair is employed as a real estate specialist. She is
knowledgeable of property rights and has worked on three major
transmission line projects in the last few years.
Swanson, Dave
Environmental Team
Leader
Mr. Swanson has a bachelor's degree in biological studies. He
has 24 years of environmental planning experience and
6 years of energy development experience.
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
Cameron, Craig
Transmission Operations
Mr. Cameron has more than 15 years' experience in the utility
industry, primarily as an operations engineer and transmission
planning engineer. Prior to joining SMUD as a principal
operations engineer, he worked for San Diego Gas & Electric
and the California ISO.
Deis, Michael, PE
Senior Project Manager
Mr. Deis has a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. He has
more than 25 years of project management experience at
SMUD.
Scott, Ron
CEOA/NEPA and
Environmental Permitting
Mr. Scott has a bachelor's degree in biology with an emphasis in
marine biology. He has worked for SMUD for more than 26 years
primarily as an environmental project manager.
City of Roseville
Hung, Kam, PE
Design System Strategy
Mr. Hung has 35 years of experience in the field of power
transmission and distribution engineering. He graduated in
1971 in electrical engineering and holds a professional
engineer's license in the State of California.
8-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 8: List of Preparers
Name
Responsibilities
Experience
Morse, Mark
CEQA and Environmental
Permitting
Mr. Morse has a bachelor's degree in environmental studies
with an emphasis in city and regional planning. He has 20 years
of public and private sector experience working in the field of
environmental review and analysis.
Burleson Consulting, Inc. (Burleson)
Tassey, Roberta
Project Manager, Biology,
Land Use
Ms. Tassey has a bachelor's degree in biology and is a senior
scientist with Burleson. She has over 24 years' experience in
the environmental field and is experienced with NEPA and
CEQA requirements.
Brown, Matthew
Public Participation
Graphics
CIS
Mr. Brown has a bachelor's degree in graphic arts and has
3 years experience with public participation support. He is
experienced in developing the ACCESS database for the
administrative record. He also provides support for publishing
environmental documents using InDesign® and Illustrator®.
Burleson, Nadia, PE
Air Quality, Traffic
Ms. Burleson is a registered professional engineer in
California. She received her master's degree in civil
engineering and a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering.
Ms. Burleson has over 20 years of environmental engineering,
project management and quality control experience.
Burleson, Robert
Floodplain, Land Use,
Soils
Mr. Burleson is a project manager with over 20 years of
experience. Mr. Burleson has a bachelor's degree in
agricultural and managerial economics. He is experienced in
NEPA/CEQA documents and has completed property
appraisals, environmental site assessments, valuation reports
for land sales, and condemnation reports. He is also experienced
at construction oversight and title/legal description verification.
Dains, Virginia
Biological Resources
Ms. Dains has a master's degree in biology from California
State University, Sacramento. She conducts special-status
plant surveys throughout California and western Nevada. These
projects were conducted for state. Federal, or private
concerns and included habitat field mapping, mitigation
measures, and conservation guidelines.
Knight, Jonathan
GIS
Mr. Knight has a bachelor's degree in geography with an
emphasis in GIS. He is knowledgeable in the application of GIS
technology to natural resource management and environmental
analysis programs.
Marchek, Jennifer
Air Quality
Ms. Marchek received her bachelor's degree in chemical
engineering and has over 10 years of environmental
experience. She was employed with the Sacramento
Metropolitan Air Quality Management District and has worked
with industries to comply with air pollution regulations..She
has completed air emission inventories and calculations and
prepared permit applications.
Overlin, Annie
Biological Resources
Ms. Qverlin has a bachelor's degree in botany from Colorado
State University. She is an experienced botanist and wildlife
biologist with 10 years of environmental experience. She has
extensive experience developing inventory and monitoring
systems in riparian environments, and completing wetland
delineations and vegetation mapping throughout the western
United States.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
8-3
Chapter 8: List of Preparers
Name
Responsibilities
Experience
Powers, Meghan
Biological Resources
Ms. Powers has a bachelor's degree in aquatic biology from
the University of California, Santa Barbara. Ms. Powers has
2 years of environmental compliance experience and has
completed biological surveys, restoration and recovery
projects, and NEPA/CEQA studies.
Rice, Ammon
Biological Resources
Mr. Rice has a master's degree in biology and 3 years of
environmental compliance experience. He has completed
biological surveys, restoration and recovery projects, and
NEPA/CEQA studies.
Smith, Rex, RG
Geology
Mr. Smith has a bachelor's degree in geology and hydrology.
Mr. Smith is a California Professional Geologist with over
24 years experience in field geology and environmental
consulting. He has extensive experience in field hydrogeology,
soil and groundwater investigations and remediation, and
environmental assessments.
Walker, Sheila
Editorial Review
Ms. Walker has a bachelor's degree in english and over
20 years of editorial review experience.
Aspen Environmental Group
Birdsall, Brewster
Noise
Mr. Birdsall has a bachelor's degree in mechanical
engineering from Lehigh University and a master's degree in
civil engineering from Colorado State University. Mr. Birdsall
has 10 years' experience as an environmental scientist and
specializes in air quality and noise analyses for land
development-related projects and air quality risk assessments.
Hawkins, Jacob
Visual
Mr. Hawkins has a bachelor's degree in biology from San
Francisco State University and a master's of environmental
science and management from the University of California,
Santa Barbara. He has extensive experience preparing EIR,
EIS, NEPA, and CEQA documents.
Vahidi, Negar
Environmental Justice,
Socioeconomics
Ms. Vahidi has a bachelor's degree in political science from
University of California, Irvine, and a master's of public
administration from University of Southern California. Ms.
Vahidi is an environmental planner, with over 11 years of
experience managing and preparing a variety of Federal and
State of California environmental, planning, and analytical
documents for large-scale infrastructure and development
projects.
Blair, Heather
Biology
Ms. Blair has a bachelor's degree in biology and is
experienced in botanical and wildlife field surveys, report
preparation and information and data management. She has
experience preparing EIRs in compliance with CEQ/VNEPA.
Her biological background includes native habitat restoration
and laboratory analysis. Other experience consists of
experimental design and logistical support for field surveys.
Murphy, Tom
Contract Manager
Mr. Murphy has a master's degree in physical geography and a
bachelor's degree in earth science, with more than 13 years of
experience in environmental assessment, compliance, and
planning, including work under CEQA/NEPA, the Clean Air
Act, the Clean Water Act, and numerous Federal, state, and
local environmental regulations.
8-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 8: List of Preparers
Name
Responsibilities
Experience
CH2MHill
Bone.Jason
GIS
Mr. Bone has a bachelor's degree In geography, with over
10 years of experience with databases, GIS, and GPS
surveying.
Davy, Doug
Cultural Resources
Mr. Davy has a doctorate In archaeology with 22 years of
experience In cultural resources management. Including
prehistoric and historic archaeology, historic buildings and
structures, and Native American consultation. Mr. He Is
experienced as a manager of archaeological field projects In
support of energy and transportation, projects.
Pacific Legacy
Shapiro, Will
Cultural Resources
Mr. Shapiro has a master's degree In anthropology with over
23 years of experience In archeologlcal research. He Is
experienced with conducting cultural resource surveys.
Inventories, and evaluations for National Register eligibility,
prehistoric and historic archaeological site testing and data
recovery excavations, and compliance with cultural resource
regulations under the National Historic Preservation Act
(Section 106).
SWCA
DeBusk, Jessica
Paleontology
Ms. DeBusk has a bachelor's degree In geological sciences
and over 10 years of experience with paleontology studies
for CEQA and NEPA projects. She manages several projects,
oversees dally activities In the paleontology preparation
laboratory, directs all paleontology field staff, and provides field
support as a qualified paleontologlcal monitor. Ms. DeBusk
has also been certified on a project-specific basis through
the California Energy Commission (CEC) as a paleontologlcal
resource monitor.
Corsetti, Cara
Paleontology
Ms. Corsetti has an master's degree In geological sciences,
with concentration In paleobiology. She oversees all
paleontologlcal projects assigned to the California region for
SWCA.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
8-5
CHAPTER 9
References
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SMAQMD 2004 "Guide to Air Quality Assessment in Sacramento County," Sacramento
Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), Sacramento,
California, July, 2004.
SMAQMD 2006 Air Quality Status Attainment and Construction Thresholds, Sacramento
Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD),
www.airqualitv.org. accessed September 8, 2006.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
9-5
Chapter 9: References
Sutter County 1995
Sutter County 1996
Sutter County 2002
Sutter County 2005
Sutter County Community Services
Transportation Research Board
2000
U.S. Census 2006
USACE 1987
USDA 1980
USDA 1988
USDA 1993
USFWS 1990
USFWS 1992
USFWS 1999
Westem 1996
Western 1998
Westem 2002a
Westem 2002b
Westem 2002c
Westem 2003
"Sutter County General Plan," Chapter 9, Section 7, Sutter County,
California, 1995.
"County of Sutter General Plan," County of Sutter Planning Department,
Sutter County, Califomia, June 24, 1998.
"South Sutter County Specific Plan," County of Sutter Planning
Department, Sutter County, Califomia, March 2002.
"Sutter County Background Report," 2005
http://ceres.ca.gov/planning/genplan/sutter. accessed November 14, 2006.
Notice of Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report for the
Sutter Pointe Specific Plan Project, March 29, 2007.
Highway Capacity Manual, Fourth Edition, Washington, DC,
2000.
U.S. Census Bureau, ('http://www.census.gov). accessed July 16, 2006.
"Wetlands Delineation Manual, Final Report" Environmental Laboratory,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, January, 1987.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of Sacramento County,
Califomia.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of Sacramento County,
Califomia.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of Sacramento County,
Califomia. April.
National Wetlands Inventory Maps, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, D.C.
"Proposal to Determine Endangered Status for Four Fairy Shrimp and the
Vemal Pool Tadpole Shrimp in Califomia." Federal Register 57:19856-
19862.
"Draft Recovery Plan for the Giant Garter Snake (Thamnopsis gigas)F
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon
Western's Power System Operations Manual, Westem Area Power
Administration, Golden, Colorado, March 1996.
"Westem Order 3790.IB Occupational Safety Program," Westem Area
Power Administration, Folsom, California, October, 1998.
"Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft Environmental Impact Statement,"
Westem Area Power Administration, Folsom, Califomia, November
2002.
"SNR Memorandum: Environmental Protection Measures," Westem Area
Power Administration, Folsom, Califomia.,2002.
Power System Safety Manual, Westem Area Power Administration, Folsom,
Califomia, January 2002.
"Sacramento Area Voltage Support Final Environmental Impact Statement,"
Westem Area Power Administration, Folsom, Califomia, September
2003.
9-6
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 9: References
Western 2006 Burleson Consulting, Inc. discussions and e-mails with Western staff
regarding construction activities including Don Roberts, Gary Bates, and
Heidi Miller.
Western 2007a "Estimated Emissions for the Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental
Impact Report Project and Altematives," Western Area Power
Administration, Folsom, Califomia 2007.
Western 2007b Western's Integrated Vegetation Management Environmental Guidance
Manual, Western Area Power Administration, Folsom, Califomia. 2007.
Wilcox and Murphy 1985 Wilcox, Bruce A., Dennis D. Murphy. 1985. "Conservation Strategy: The
Effects of Fragmentation on Extinction." The American Naturalist, vol.
125 (6) pp. 879-887.
Woodbridge 1998 Woodbridge, B. 1998. Swainson's Hawk {Buteo swainsoni). In The
Riparian Bird Conservation Plan: A Strategy for Reversing the Decline of
Riparian-associated Birds in Califomia. Califomia Partners in Flight.
http://www.Drbo.org/calpif7htmldocs/riparian v-2.html. accessed
April, 2007.
Zaffanella, 1997 "School Exposure Assessment Survey", Califomia EMF Program, interim
results, (November 1997), California Department of Health Services
available at www.dhs.ca.gov/ehib/emf/longfactsheet.PDF. accessed April
26, 2007.
Zeiner, 1988a ZeinerD., 1988. "Cropland," in^l Guide to Wildlife Habitats of
California, K. E. Mayer and W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., eds., Califomia
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Sacramento, Califomia,
October.
Zeiner 1988b ZeinerD., 1988. "Pasture," in/I Guideto Wildlife Habitats of Califomia, K.
E. Mayer and W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., eds., Califomia Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection, Sacramento, Califomia, October.
9.2 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
10 CFR Part 1021 "National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures," Title
10 U.S. Department of Energy; Subpart C, "Implementing Procedures,"
Code of Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.
10 CFR Part 1022 "Compliance with Floodplain/Wetlands Environmental Review
Requirements," Title 10 U.S. Department of Energy; Code of Federal
Regulations, Washington, D.C.
36 CFR Part 261.2 "Definition of Archaeological Resource" Title 36 U.S. Parks, Forests, and
Public Property, Code of Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.
36 CFR Part 800 "Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties;" Title 36 U.S. Department
of the Interior; Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Code of
Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.
36 CFR Part 800.16[d] "Area of Potential Effects Definition." Title 36 U.S. Department of the
Interior; Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Code of Federal
Regulations, Washington, D.C.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
9-7
Chapter 9: References
40 CFR Part 50 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS); Title 40 U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Code of Federal Regulations,
Washington, D.C.
40 CFR Part 93, Subpart B Clean Air Act General Conformity Requirements. Title 40 U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Code of Federal Regulations,
Washington, D.C.
40 CFR Part 122 EPA Administered Permit Programs; The National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System. Title 40 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Code of Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.
40 CFR Parts 1500-1508 CEQ Regulations for Implementing NEPA. Title 36 Council on
Environmental Quality (CEQ), Code of Federal Regulations,
Washington, D.C.
43 CFR Part 7 Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) of1979. Revised
October 1, 2001. Title 43, Code of Federal Regulations, Washington,
D.C.
43 CFR Part 10 "Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Regulations"
Title 43, Code of Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.
50 CFR Part 424.02 "Listing Endangered and Threatened Species and Designating Critical
Habitat;" Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations, Washington, D.C.;
Revised October 1, 2001.
9.3 U.S. CODE
16 U.S.C. §§ 470, et seq National Historic Preservation Act; Chapter lA, Historic Sites, Buildings,
Objects, and Antiquities; Subchapter II, National Historic Preservation,
U.S. Code, Washington, D.C.
16 U.S.C. §§ 470aa, et seq Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, as amended, and
Implementing Regulations. U.S. Code, Washington, D.C.
16 U.S.C. §§ 1531-I599 Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.
16 U.S.C. §§ 1801, et seq Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, as
amended by the Sustainable Fisher Act of 1996. U.S. Code, Washington,
D.C
U.S.C. §§ 401, et seq Rivers and Harbors Appropriations Act, January 24, 1994. U.S. Code,
Washington, D.C
33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387 Clean Water Act, U.S. Code, Washington, D.C., May 24, 1977.
42 U.S.C. § 1996 ». American Indian Religious Freedom Act, U.S. Cocfe, Washington, D.C.
42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-4370 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
42 U.S.C. §§ 4601, et seq Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies
Act of1970.
42 U.S.C. §§ 7401-7661, et seq Federal Clean Air Act of 1970.
43 U.S.C. §§ 1701-1785 Federal Land Policy and Management Act of1976.
9-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Chapter 9; References
9.4 FEDERAL REGISTER AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS
EO 12898 "Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice" Implementation
guidance for EJ under NEPA has been developed by the CEQ, Federal
Register, Volume 59, pp 7629, Washington D.C., December 10, 1997.
EO 13007 Indian Sacred Sites, Federal Register, Volume 61, pp 26771, Washington
D.C.,May 24, 1996.
42 PR 26951 Executive Order 11988, "Floodplain Management," Federal Register,
Volume 42, pp 26951, Washington D.C., May 24, 1977.
42 FR 26961 Executive Order 11990 "Wetlands Management," Federal Register,
Volume 42, pp 26961, Washington D.C., May 24, 1977.
65 FR 48496 "Notice of Intent for the Sacramento Voltage Support Environmental
Impact Statement," Federal Register, Volume 66, pp 48496, Washington
D.C., August 8, 2000.
70 FR 52590, 52604 "Notice of Designated Critical Habitat for Seven Evolutionarily
Significant Units of Salmon in California," Federal Register, Volume 70,
pp 52590 and 52604-52605, Washington D.C., September 2, 2005.
9.5 STATE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
California Code of Regulations Fish and Game Code Sections 2050-2098, 1300-1301, 1750, and 1801-1802.
Califomia Department of Fish and Game Code Sections 1600-1607
California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Sections 15126.2(a) and 15131 - Land Use
Califomia Fish and Game Code Section 2081 and 2090 - California Endangered Species Act.
Califomia Health and Safety Code Sections 46000-46080 - California Noise Control Act
Califomia Public Resources Code Section 5024 - California Register of Historical Resources.
Califomia Public Resources Code (PRC) Sections 21000 through 21178, Califomia Environmental Quality Act:
CEQA Guidelines (2005).
Califomia Public Resources Code Section 2100(b) - Visual
California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Order No. 99 09 DWQ, General Permit for
Stormwater Discharges Associated with Constmction.
Califomia Water Code Sections 5650-5656
Califomia Wetlands Information System, 2002
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act •
Safe Drinking Water Act
9.6 ' CITY AND COUNTY ORDERS, REGULATIONS, AND GENERAL PLANS
Placer County Code Chapters 9.36.060 and 9.36.030, Noise Requirements
Roseville Municipal Code Sections 9.24.100 and 9.24.030, Noise Requirements
Sacramento County Code Chapters 6.68.070 and 6.68.090, Noise Requirements
Sutter County General Plan Policy 8.A-2, 1996, Noise Requirements
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
9-9
APPENDIX A
Alternatives Development
A.1 INTRODUCTION
Appendix A summarizes the process used to identify
and screen project alternatives for the joint, draft
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and
Environmental Impact Report (Sacramento Area
Voltage Support (SYS) Draft SEIS and EIR). Public
involvement was used to develop and refine
altematives. Engineering considerations were the
primary factor in eliminating several alternatives.
A.2 ALTERNATIVES SELECTED FOR
DETAILED ANALYSIS
Western Area Power Administration (Western),
Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), and
the City of Roseville (Roseville) identified three
transmission line segments between Western's
O'Banion and SMUD's Elverta and Natomas
substations for further analysis in the Draft SEIS and
EIR. These would consist of Segments I, 2, and 3.
Segment 2 includes several alternative routes.
Segments were screened for further consideration,
primarily based on which side of the road the segment
should follow. Figures 3.1-4 through 3.1-12 present
segments carried forward in the Draft SEIS and EIR.
A.2.1 Segment 1 - O'Banion
Substation to Cross Canal
Segment I was analyzed and selected as part of the
Preferred Altemative in the previous Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) and Record of Decision
(ROD). Segment I would consist of constructing
about 17 miles of new double-circuit, 230-kV,
transmission line adjacent to an existing
transmission right-of-way (ROW), from O'Banion
Substation to an area near Cross Canal. It would
parallel the Sutter Bypass and cross the Feather
River. Segment 1 would require about 82 new
structures and 9 pulling sites, resulting in about
26 acres of short-term disturbance and 0.8 acre of
long-term disturbance.
A.2.2 Segment 3 - Elverta Substation
to Natomas Substation
Segment 3 was analyzed and selected as part of the
Preferred Altemative in the previous EIS and ROD.
For this SEIS and EIR, changes to Segment 3 include
replacement of structures, conductors, and hardware. It
would consist of rebuilding about 4.8 miles of the
existing double-circuit, 115/230 kV transmission line
within an existing ROW between Elverta and
Natomas substations. This would require about
23 new stmctures and 3 pulling sites, resulting in
about 7 acres of short-term disturbance and about
0.2 acre of long-term disturbance.
A.2.3 Segment 2 - Cross Canal to
South of Elverta Substation
Three altemative alignments were considered for
Segment 2: Segments 2A, 2B, and 2C. The SYS
Team further divided Segment 2A into Segments
2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and 2A5. The siting for each
of the Segment 2 altematives was based on SMUD
criteria established in the Sacramento County Zoning
Code, Section 301-11, for siting electrical
transmission lines of 100 kY or greater (presented
below). The siting criteria were assumed to apply to
other counties in the study area as well as
Sacramento County.
The SYS Team examined land use plans, met with
county officials, and assessed the area in Febmary
2006 to evaluate additional Segment 2 altematives.
Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, and 2A5 were
selected because the alignment follows state route
(SR) 99 along the east or west side, conforming to
the second criteria, and then traverses five different
eastem routes to connect south of Elverta Substation.
Segment 2B alignment follows an abandoned
railroad ROW for much of its route, conforming to
the second criteria. Segments 2A1, 2A3, and 2A4
would follow arterial routes adjacent to existing
agricultural uses with minor commercial
development, conforming to the third criteria.
Segments 2A2 and 2 A5 would pass through existing
farmland, conforming to the fourth criteria. Future
plans in the Segment 2A area may include
residential development as the city expands to
adjacent land north of Elkhom Boulevard; however,
plans are in the development stage.
A.3 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
BUT ELIMINATED FROM
FURTHER CONSIDERATION
Segments El, E2, E3, and E4 were considered
during alternative development but were not carried
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
A-1
Appendix A: Alternatives Development
301-11. Siting Transmission Facilities
(а) Electrical transmission lines of 100,000 volts or greater capacity may be located in any zone and shall be
located in casements or ROW which pennit access for maintenance with minimal disruption to surrounding
properties. Preference shall be given to the location of transmission lines in the rank order specified below;
every reasonable effort shall be exerted to avoid established residential areas. In the event SMUD detennines
that it has no altemative but to route a 100,000 volt or greater capacity transmission line through an
established residential area, such lines shall be installed underground except when SMUD can demonstrate
that it is not feasible to do so. "Feasible" shall be defined in California Government Code, Section
53096(c).
(1) Within existing SMUD transmission ROW or those anticipated for other projects proposed subject to this
Code.
(2) Adjacent to railroads or adopted freeway routes.
(3) Along or adjacent to major arterial streets where existing or planned uses are commercial or industrial.
(4) Adjacent to or through existing or planned commercial, industrial or agricultural uses.
(5) Along arterial streets where residential uses designated in an adopted plan are RD-20 or greater density.
(б) Through areas where land uses in an adopted plan are predominately commercial, but include residential
uses.
(7) Through residential areas, including side and rear yards, irrespective of density.
forward to the Draft SEIS and EIR. As noted before,
these alignments were largely eliminated based on
the preferred side of road or county line.
A.3.2 Segment E2 - South Side of
Elkhorn Boulevard
The SVS Team considered aligning Segment 2A2 to
proceed east from SR 99, along the south side of the
Sacramento/Sutter County Line. The Natomas Basin
Conservancy (TNBC) owns or has right of
ownership for the majority of this route. A
distribution line exists on the north side of the
Sacramento/Sutter County Line; therefore, the
northern corridor was preferable. TNBC is
mitigation land that is part of the Sacramento Joint
Vision for species of concern that include the giant
garter snake, Swainson's hawk, tri-colored blackbird,
and fairy shrimp. Western's analysis considered this
route altemative for Segment 2A2, but decided not
to move it forward for further analysis in the SEIS
and EIR. Western may choose to work with TNBC
as part of their mitigation effort after an alternative
is chosen.
A.3.1 Segment E1 - Sacramento-
Sutter County Line
The SVS Team considered aligning Segment 2A4 to
proceed east from SR 99, along the south side of
Elkhom Boulevard. This property is currently a utility
corridor used by SMUD. A storm water diversion
basin is present near the east end of the alignment and
a new residential community is located to the south.
The design engineers determined that there was
inadequate easement for a new 230-kV transmission
line; therefore, this route would not be feasible from
an engineering standpoint. The SVS Team analysis •
considered this route altemative, but decided not to
move it forward for further analysis in the SEIS and
EIR, based on the engineering constraints. Westem
will evaluate the north side of Elkhom Boulevard
(Segment 2A4) in the SEIS and EIR.
A.3.3 Segment E3 - Existing Railroad
Corridor
The SVS Team considered aligning Segment 2B to
proceed along the abandoned railroad ROW south to
Sankey Road, and then to parallel the existing
railroad ROW. The design engineers determined
that there was inadequate easement for the new
230-kV transmission line; therefore, this route would
A-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
not be feasible from an engineering standpoint.
Western's analysis considered this route altemative,
but decided not to move it forward for further
analysis in the SEIS and EIR, based on engineering
constraints. Western will evaluate an abandoned
railroad (Segment 2B) in the SEIS and EIR.
A.3.4 Segment E4 - East Side of East
Levee Road
The SVS Team considered aligning Segments 2A1
and 2A2 along the east side of East Levee Road.
Appendix A: Alternatives Development
A floodway was observed along this side of the
roadway and design engineers determined that there
was inadequate easement for the new 230-kV
transmission line outside of wetted areas; therefore,
this route would not be feasible from an engineering
standpoint. Western's analysis considered this route
altemative, but decided not to move it forward for
further analysis, based on engineering constraints in
the SEIS and EIR.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
A-3
J lotions of PistuF-b^nces foir
1 Segment ^n4 AlteF-n^tive
APPENDIX B
Calculations of Disturbances For Each Segment and Alternative
Table B-1 presents acreages of disturbance for each
segment and alternative. Transmission line miles
were obtained from Figures 3.1-4 to 3.1-12. The
number of structures was calculated by assuming a
structure spacing of 1,100 feet. Detailed designs
have not been completed for the proposed Project;
therefore, 15-foot-wide access roads were assumed
to be constructed along the along the entire length of
new ROW. New access roads would not be
constructed along portions of Segment 2Ci and all of
Segment 3 because access roads already exist. Pulling
site construction was assumed every 3 miles, with
0.4-acre short-term disturbance per site. Material
storage yard construction was assumed every
15 miles, with 5 acres of disturbance per yard.
Pulling sites and material storage yard disturbances
were assumed to be construction-related and short
term because the areas would be returned to
preconstruction conditions following project
construction. Each structure was assumed to have a
short-term disturbance of 0.23 acre (100 by 100 feet)
and a long-term disturbance of 0.01 acre (10 by
10 feet, conservatively rounded up).
Total short- and long-term disturbances were
summed for each segment in Table B-1.
Disturbances for specific land uses, habitat types, and
floodplains were measured from specific figures in
each section and maps from Appendix C.
Disturbances were calculated for each segment in
Table B-1 as described below.
B.1 PRIME AND UNIQUE FARMLAND
Construction of structures, access roads, pulling
sites, and material storage yards was assumed to
disturb prime and unique farmland during
construction. The presence of structures and access
roads was assumed to disturb prime and unique
farmland for the long term. Acreage was measured
from Figure 4.9-4 and disturbances were calculated
as follows;
• Construction/short-term disturbance: (miles of
prime and unique farmland) ^ (segment length)
X (total constmction disturbance); and
• Long-term; (miles of prime and unique
farmland) ^ (segment length) x (total long-term
disturbance).
B.2 RICE FIELDS
Construction of structures, access roads, and pulling
sites was assumed to disturb rice fields during
construction. The presence of structures and access
roads was assumed to disturb rice fields for the long
term. Acreage was measured from Appendix C maps
and disturbances were calculated as follows;
• Construction/short-term disturbance; (acres of
rice fields) (acres of segment) x (construction
access road + structures + pulling-site
disturbances); and
• Long-term disturbance; (acres rice fields)
(acres of segment) x (total long-term
disturbance).
B.3 RIVERINE/RIPARIAN
Construction of structures, access roads, and pulling
sites was assumed to disturb riverine/riparian habitat
during construction. The presence of structures and
access roads was assumed to disturb riverine/riparian
habitat for the long term. Acreage was measured
from Appendix C maps and disturbances were
calculated as follows;
• Construction/short-term disturbance; (acres of
riverine habitat) (acres of segment) x
(construction access road + structures + pulling-
site disturbances); and
• Long-term disturbance; (acres riverine habitat)
(acres of segment) x (total long-term
disturbance).
B.4 VERNAL POOLS
Construction of structures and access roads was
assumed to disturb vernal pool habitat during
construction. The presence of structures and access
roads was assumed to disturb vernal pool habitat for
the long term. Acreage was measured from Appendix
C maps and disturbances were calculated as follows;
• Construction/short-term disturbance; (acres of
vernal pools) ^ (acres of segment) x
(construction access road + structures); and
• Long-term disturbance; (acres riverine habitat)
(acres of segment) x (total long-term
disturbance).
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
B-1
Appendix B: Calculations of Disturbances For Each Segment and Alternative
B.5 EMERGENT WETLANDS
Construction of structures and access roads was
assumed to disturb emergent wetlands during
construction. The presence of structures and access
roads was assumed to disturb emergent wetlands for
the long term. Acreage was measured from
Appendix C maps and disturbances were calculated
as follows:
• Construction/short-term disturbance: (acres of
emergent wetlands) (acres of segment) x
(construction access road + structures); and
• Long-term disturbance: (acres emergent
wetlands) (acres of segment) x (total long-term
disturbance).
B.6 FLOODPLAINS
Construction of structures, access roads, pulling
sites, and material storage yards was assumed to
disturb floodplains during construction. The
presence of structures and access roads was assumed
to disturb floodplains for the long term. Acreage was
measured from Figure 4.6-1 and disturbances were
calculated as follows:
• Construction/short-term: (miles of 100- or
500-year floodplain) ^ (segment length) x (total
construction disturbance); and
• Long-term: (miles of 100- or 500-year floodplain)
(segment length) x (total long-term
disturbance).
B.7 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT,
SPECIFIC PLANS, AND HABITAT
CONSERVATION AREAS
Proposed development acreage was taken from
Figure 4.9-3 and was assumed to disturb
development for the long term along the entire right-
of-way width.
B-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix B: Calculations of Disturbances For Each Segment and Alternative
Table B-1. Summary of New Disturbances and Impacts to Various Resources
Total Miles
Segment Total ROW
Acres
DISTURBANCE BY FACILITY/ACTIVITY
DISTURBANCE TO RESOURCES
1.
Nev
f Struct
ores'
Ac<
;ess Ro
ads'"
P
J
ulling
iltes"
Material
Storage"
Total Construction
Acres
Total Long-Term
Acres
Prime & Unique
Farmland
Rice
Riverine/Riparian
Vernal pools, etc.
Emergent
Wetlands
!
Floodplafns
Planned
Development
Number
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
d
z
Construction
Acres
Total Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Rice
Acres
i
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
j Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
100-Year
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
500-year Total
Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
SEGMENT
1
17.1
259.1
82
18.9
0.8
17.1
31.1
31.1
8
2.4
1
5.0
57.4
31.9
9.5
31.9
17.7
145.1
29.3
17.9
8.2
1.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
1.5
1.0
13.4
3.0
1.65
245.2
54.3
30.2
0.0
2A1-East
11.7
177.3
58
12.9
0.8
11.7
21.3
21.3
4
1.8
1
5.0
40.8
21.9
3.7
12.9
8.9
125.2
25.3
15.4
2.7
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
167
38.3
20.8
11.0
2.5
1.4
150.7
2A1-West
11.9
180.3
57
13.1
0.8
11.9
21.6
21.8
4
1.6
1
5.0
41.4
22.2
4.3
15.0
8.0
138.0
27.8
17.0
2.5
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
177
40.8
21.8
11.0
2.5
1.4
112.8
2A2-East
11.6
175.7
58
12.8
0.8
11.8
21.1
21.1
4
1.6
1
5.0
40.5
21.7
3.8
13.3
7.1
115.5
23.3
14.3
2.7
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
185
38.0
20.4
11.0
2.5
1.4
154.5
2A2-West
11.8
178.8
57
13.0
0.8
11.8
21.5
21.5
4
1.6
1
5.0
41.1
22.0
4.8
18.7
9.0
130.0
28.2
18.0
2.5
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
175
40.2
21.8
11.0
2.5
1.4
118.8
2A3-East
11.9
180.3
57
13.1
0.8
11.9
21.6
21.8
4
1.6
1
5.0
41.4
22.2
8.8
22.9
12.3
138.0
27.4
18.8
1.7
0.3
0.2
8.0
1.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
189
38.9
20.9
11.0
2.5
1.4
153.8
2A3-West
12.1
183.3
58
13.4
0.8
12.1
22.0
22.0
4
1.8
1
5.0
42.0
22.8
7.7
28.7
14.4
147.0
29.8
18.1
1.5
0.3
0.2
8.0
1.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
179
41.0
22.0
11.0
2.5
1.4
115.9
2A4-East
13.3
201.5
84
14.7
0.8
13.3
24.2
24.2
4
1.8
1
5.0
45.5
24.8
7.9
27.0
14.7
127.2
25.5
15.8
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.04
0.02
0.0
0.0
0.0
190
42.9
23.4
11.9
2.7
1.5
172.7
2A4-West
13.5
204.5
85
14.9
0.8
13.5
24.5
24.5
5
2.0
1
5.0
46.4
25.2
9.1
31.3
17.0
132.0
26.8
18.3
1.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.04
0.02
0.0
0.0
0.0
200
45.4
24.8
11.9
2.7
1.5
108.0
2A5-East
11.8
178.8
57
13.0
0.8
11.8
21.5
21.5
4
1.8
1
5.0
41.1
22.1
5.8
19.5
10.5
134.7
27.2
18.8
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
189
38.8
20.8
11.0
2.5
1.4
150.7
2A5-West
12.0
181.8
58
13.2
0.8
12.0
21.8
21.8
4
1.8
1
5.0
41.7
22.4
8.7
23.3
12.5
152.0
30.7
18.7
1.5
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
179
41.0
22.0
11.0
2.5
1.4
112.8
2B
9.4
142.4
45
10.4
0.5
9.4
17.1
17.1
3
1.2
1
5.0
33.7
17.5
0.3
1.1
0.8
17.8
3.5
2.2
2.8
0.5
0.3
7.9
1.5
1.0
11.4
2.2
1.4
108
25.0
13.0
2.5
0.6
0.3
28.5
2C
15.7
237.9
75
17.3
0.8
8.3
11.5
11.5
5
2.0
1
5.0
35.8
12.2
5.3
12.1
4.1
90.9
11.8
4.7
1.4
0.2
0.1
8.8
1.0
0.4
2.7
0.3
0.1
78.7
11.5
3.9
5.7
0.9
0.3
47.7
3
4.8
72.7
23
5.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.8
0
0.0
6.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.01
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.2
0.01
0.1
0.0
0.0
85.5
5.5
0.2
1.7
0.1
0.005
51.5
ALTERNATIVE
A1-East
33.8
509.1
181
37.1
1.8
28.8
52.4
52.4
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.3
54
13.5
45.2
24.7
270.3
54.8
33.3
10.9
2.1
1.3
4.0
0.4
0.1
8.1
1.8
1.0
245.5
48.8
22.4
257.9
57.0
31.8
202.2
A1-Wesl
33.8
512.1
182
37.3
1.8
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.3
14.1
47.2
25.8
283.1
57.2
34.9
10.7
2.1
1.3
4.0
0.4
0.1
8.1
1.8
1.0
255.9
49.1
23.7
257.9
57.0
31.8
184.3
A2-East
33.5
507.8
181
37.0
1.8
28.7
52.2
52.2
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.0
53.8
13.6
45.8
24.8
280.8
52.7
32.1
10.9
2.1
1.3
4.0
0.4
0.1
8.1
1.8
1.0
244.0
48.5
22.2
257.9
57.0
31.8
208.0
A2-West
33.7
510.8
162
37.2
1.8
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.2
14.8
49.0
28.7
275.1
55.8
33.9
10.7
2.1
1.3
4.0
0.4
0.1
8.1
1.8
1.0
253.9
48.7
23.4
257.9
57.0
31.8
188.1
A3-East
33.8
512.1
182
37.3
1.8
29.0
52.7
52.7
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.8
54.4
16.4
55.2
30.1
281.1
58.8
34.8
9.9
1.9
1.2
9.2
1.4
0.8
8.1
1.8
1.0
248.2
47.3
22.7
257.9
57.0
31.8
205.3
A3-West
34.0
515.1
183
37.5
1.8
29.2
53.1
53.1
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.4
54.7
17.5
59.0
32.1
292.1
59.0
38.0
9.7
1.9
1.2
9.2
1.4
0.7
8.1
1.8
1.0
257.9
49.4
23.9
257.9
57.0
31.8
187.4
A4-East
35.2
533.3
169
38.9
1.7
30.4
55.3
55.3
12
4.8
2
10.0
108.9
58.9
17.7
59.3
32.5
272.3
54.9
33.5
9.9
1.9
1.2
3.4
0.3
0.0
8.1
1.8
1.0
289.1
51.4
25.3
258.8
57.1
31.7
224.2
A4-West
35.4
538.3
170
39.1
1.7
30.6
55.8
55.8
13
5.2
2
10.0
109.9
57.3
18.9
63.8
34.7
277.1
58.1
34.1
9.7
1.9
1.2
3.4
0.3
0.0
8.1
1.8
1.0
278.9
53.9
28.5
258.8
57.1
31.7
157.5
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region B-3
Appendix B: Calculations of Disturbances For Each Segment and Alternative
DISTURBANCE BT
FACILITY/ACTI
VITY
DISTURBANCE TO RESOURCES
5
o
New Structures'
Access Roads''
Pulling
Sites"
Material
Storage"
c
o
Total Long-Term
Acres
Prime & Unique
Farmland
Rice
Riverine/Riparian
Vernal pools, etc.
Emergent
Wetlands
Floodplalns
Planned
Development
Total Miles
Segment Total F
Acres
Number
Construction i
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Number
Construction
Acres
d
z
Construction
Acres
Total Construct!
Acres
Total Miles
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Rice
Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
100-Year
Total Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
500-year Total
Acres
Construction
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
Long-Term
Acres
A5-East
33.7
510.6
162
37.2
1.6
28.9
52.5
52.5
12
4.8
2
10.0
104.6
54.2
15.4
51.8
28.2
279.8
56.5
34.5
9.9
1.9
1.2
3.7
0.3
0.1
8.1
1.6
1.0
247.6
47.2
22.7
257.9
57.0
31.6
202.2
A5-West
33.9
513.6
163
37.4
1.6
29.1
52.9
52.9
12
4.8
2
10.0
105.1
54.5
16.5
55.6
30.2
297.1
60.0
36.6
9.7
1.9
1.2
3.7
0.3
0.1
8.1
1.6
1.0
257.9
49.5
23.9
257.9
57.0
31.6
164.3
B
31.3
474.2
150
34.6
1.5
26.5
48.2
48.2
11
4.4
2
10.0
97.1
49.7
10.1
33.4
18.3
162.7
32.9
20.0
10.8
2.1
1.3
11.1
1.8
1.0
19.5
3.7
2.4
184.6
33.5
14.9
249.4
55.0
30.5
76.0
C
37.6
569.7
180
41.5
1.8
23.4
42.5
42.5
13
5.2
2
10.0
99.3
44.4
15.1
44.4
21.9
236.0
41.1
22.5
9.6
1.8
1.1
11.8
1.3
0.5
10.8
1.9
1.1
155.6
20.0
5.6
252.6
55.3
30.5
99.2
No Action
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: Burleson 2007
■ Structure Assumptions
Assume a new structure every 1,100 feet
Assume 0.23 short-term acre distuitiance for each structure
Assume 0.01 bng-term acre distuitance for each structure
' Access Road Assumptions
Assume no disturbance for Segment 3 access road because it is in existing Right-of-Way
Assume access roads parallel to transmission lines for Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, and 2B
Assume 6.3 miles of new access road for 2C portion (9.4 miles is along existing ROW).
Assume 15-foot width for access roads
Assume road disturbance acres for long- and short-term = miies*5280*15'width\43560
° Assume a pulling site every three miles short-term disturbance of 0.4 acre per site
" Assume materials storage yard every 15 miles and short-term disturbance of 5 acres per site
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
B-5
Appencjix C- Aei-ial Pbotogi-^pbs of
Pp-QposecJ Action and Alte^-native
Supplying Energy
Preserving Reliability
Obanion Rd
O'Banion
Tudor Rd
Thompson Rd
Everglade Rd
Everglade Rd
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segment 1
Map C-1
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
Canal
Pond
isJW River
1111111 Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
HH Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
IIHIII Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
• Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
^ exempt from public release under
»>0 Freedom of hformationA:! (5 US.C.552)
Exemption 2 • Circumventkxi of stakjts.
Western review required before public release.
GiS
Sferre Nevada
Region NameA>g: Burteson Consulting Dale: 4/23/2007
This cartographic product arvl GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as Us primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
plannhg and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of ftis product is
allowed without ttw sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GOT, Natior«l Agriculbjral knagery Program
uses 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilaizdr Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Nicolaus, Pleasant Grove. Verona. Taykx Monument, Rio Linda
Calfomla Spefal Information Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
Pelger Rd
Subaco Rd
^00
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segment 1
Map C-2
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
5^ Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Banen
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
in Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
m Perennial Creek
MM Canal
Pond
Wi River
mi Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
m Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
llllilll Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Bunowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
• Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
tie Freedom of Information Act (5 US.C.552}
Exemption 2 • Circumventicr of stakjte.
Weslem review required before public release.
Region Name/Org: Burleson Consulting Date: 4/23/2007
This cartographic product and CIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It shMid not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning arxl analysis only. No reproduction or copying of (his product is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GOT, National Agricultijral Imagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilsizer Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Ntcolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona, Taytor Monument, Rio Urxia
Califomia Spatial Information Ubrary
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
AOMmnSTRAtiON
Gis
Srerra Nevada
f ^ .A, '•
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segment 1
MapC-4
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
imi Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
mi Perennial Creek
Canal
Pond
River
Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Flawk
® Eldert»erry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
«^OMIMSrRAT)ON
GiS
Shrr» N«va<Ui
Rtgktn
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
fte Freedom of Information Act (5 US.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of stafote.
Western review required before public release.
NameA>g: Budeson ConsiJting Date: 4/23/2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance vMth
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatieily relative-grade, it shouU not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer b metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE arvd are irSended for
plaming and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of l>is product is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GDT, National Agricultural tanagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Ouadranglee: Gilsizer Slough, Suttar Causeway,
Nkolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona, Taylor Mominenl, Rio Unda
CaHfomia Spafal Information Library
Suiveys Compieted by Western; 2005,2006
Striplin Rd
Catlett Kd
W Catlett Rd
Howsley Rd
Rfield Rd
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 1, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4,
2A5, 2B, 2Ci
Map C-5
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Banen
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
Canal
Pond
River
Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Bunowing Owl
• Red-Tailed Hawk
• Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
1,500 750 0 1,500
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
t>e Freedom of information Act (5 US.C.5S2)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of stakite.
Western review required before public release.
NarT>e/Org: Burleson Consultng Date: 4/23/2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professionai practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its prin>ary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It shouU not replace or be used in
place of survey dab. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and dab are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning arxl analysis only. No reproduction or copying of tiis product is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GOT, National Agricultural Imagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilsizer Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Nicobus, Pleasant Grove, Verona, Taylor Monument, Rio Linda
Calrfome Spaial information Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
Western
AJMrnnnsmAnoN
GIS
Sierra Nevada
Fifield Rd
■mmm
©30m3ri3a?<O
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4,
2A5, 2B, 2Ci
Map C-6
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Banen
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
m Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
Canal
Pond
Wim River
Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
^ Wetland Swale
illlllllli Vernal Pool Grassland
imill Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Bunowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
• Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
1.500 750 0 1,500
OFFICiAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
t>e Freedom of Informatiort /V;t(SUS.C.552)
Exemption 2- Circumvention of stakjto.
Western review required before public release.
Nan>e/Org: Burleson Consiiing Date: 4/23f2007
Wescem
AHk.A »»<7WiK
AJOtMNn-mAVOH
Giis
Srerrs Nevadte
Rtgion
This cartographic product and CIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or tie used in
place of survey date. Refer te metedala for source and accuracy.
This map and data are tee property of WAPA/DOE arte are intended for
planning arte analysis only. No reproduction or copying of teis product is
allowed without the sole oor>sent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GDI, National Agriculteral Imagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilsizer Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Nkolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona. Taylor MorumenI, Rio Linda
Califomia Spefal Irrformation Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
©sgjaaiftaSiS
c;Mi2K)(]fe
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4,2A5
Map C-7
Land Use Categories
11 i H III Agriculture
^ Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
Canal
..f Pond
River
Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
~ — Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
• Elderberry
Highway
Road
— Existing Transmission Line
^ Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
Wescern
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
t>e Freedom of hfbrmatioo Act (5 US.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of statjte.
Western review required before public release.
Name/Org: Burleson Consulttng Dale: 4/23/2007
GiS
S/erra Nevada
Region
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source arxl is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or be used in
place of sunrey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are Ihe property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning arxl analysis only. No reproduction or copyirrg of ttis product is
allowed without Ihe sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GDT, National Agricultural toiagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilsizer Slough, Sutter Causeway.
NIoolaus, Pleasant Grove. Verona, Taylor Monument, Rio Linda
California Spefal Information Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 2B, 2Ci, 20^
Map C-8
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
in Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
MfiC Canal
Pond
River
IIIB Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
lllllll Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
llllllllll Vernal Pool Grassland
m Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Bunowing Owl
© Red-Tailed Hawk
® Eldert»erry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
1,500
Western
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
tre Freedom of Information Act (5 US.C.5S2)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention c^stafols.
Westem review required before public release.
NamefOrg: Burleson ConsuKing Date: 02/26/2007
GiS
Sferra Nevada
Ragion
This cartographic product arxl GIS dala were prepared In accordance with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It shouU not replace or be used In
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are Ihe property of WAPA/DOE and are Intended for
planning and arralysis only. No reproduction or copying of (his product Is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources; SNR, GOT, National Agricultural foiagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gllazer Slough, Sutler Causeway,
Nicolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona, Taylor Morvument Rio Linda
Caltfomie Spafai Information Ubrary
Surveys Completed by Western; 2005,2006
ghadoneyAve
©S^UiIiUiS^G©
keo>@^
©sgmaiC^
-- ■
©^)juJiuJ58
.« , .- i."
*»• T>'^ f- . - *'«
r.:-' »s^ :-■
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A5,
2B, 2Ci, 3
Map C-9
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
[:'.:;:|j^ Pasture
Row Crop
R'ce
Barren
Ckjmmercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
m Riparian, Great Valley Forest
mi Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
mi Perennial Greek
Canal
Pond
River
m Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
H Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Bunowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
® Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
iA
M/eOT6r/7
AOMINfSTFVKtl^-'
GiS
Sierra Nevada
Region
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
May be exempt from public release under
t>e Freedom of tiformadon Act (S US.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Circumvention of stairle.
Western review required before public release.
Name/Org: Burleson Consiiting Date: 02/26/2007
This cartogrephic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professkxiai practice standards. Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It shuU not replace or be used in
plaoeofsunreydata. Refer b nf>etsdata for source and accuracy.
This map arxj dab are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning arxl analysis only. No reproduction or copying of bis product Is
allowed wittiout the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GDI, National Agricultural Imagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilsizef Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Nicolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona. Taylor Monument, Rio Linda
CaHfomie Spaial intbimation Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
®sgiiisiGa§3
W Elverta Rd
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segments 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5,
2B, 2Ci, 2C2, 3
Map C-10
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
|||[|||||| Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
WiC Canal
Pond
UW River
m Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
lilllllil Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Flawk
® Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
yUkcnsnn exempt liom public release under
the Freedom of Information Act pU.S.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Circunvention of statute.
Western review required before pubic release.
Sferre Nevada
Region Name/Org: Burleson Ccnsiitng Date: 02/26/2007
This map and data are the property of WAP A/DOE and are interrded for
plannirtg and analysis only- No reproduction or copying of this product is
aUowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE
Sources: SNR. GOT, Natirnal Agricuttural Imageiy Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Qiadran^es: Gisizer Stcugh, Sutter Causeway,
Nkx>laus. Pleasant Grove. Verona Taylor Mcnunent, Rk> Unda
Caifomia Spatial Information Library
This cartographic pro^ict atxj GIS data were prepared in accordance vi4th
professional practice standarda Data is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatialy lefetive-grade. It shoiid r>ot rep>laoe or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
Surveys Completed by Westem: 2005, 2006
'
iHowsley Rd
SankeV Rd
Jackson Rd
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segment 2Ci, 2C2
Map C-11
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
^ Grain
Orchard
Pasture
Row Crop
Rice
Barren
Commercial
Non-Native Grassland
Meadow
Riparian, Great Valley Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
MrfiC Canal
Pond
River
llllllj Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
HHI Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassland
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
• Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
G Red-Tailed Hawk
® Eldertrerry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
^ Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
1,500
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
IAMay be exempt from public release under
t>e Freedom of hformation Act {5 US.C.552)
AXMMSTrMTioN Exemptlon 2 - Clfcumventjon of sbLlB.
Western review required before public release.
GIS
S/e/ra Nevada
Region Name/Org: Burleson Cor^sutting Date: 02/26/2007
This cartographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordarwe with
professional practice standards. Data is only as accurate as Its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It should not replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer b metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and dab are the property of WAPA/DOE and are intended for
planning and analysis only. No reproduction or copying of bis product is
allowed without the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GOT. Netkxtel AgricuNurai biagery Program
USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles: Gilaizer Slough. Sutter Causeway,
Nioobus. PbasarM Grove, Verona, Taylor Monunent, Rio Unda
Caiifomb Speial Information Library
Surveys Completed by Western: 2005,2006
; i
Sacramento Area Voltage Support
Supplemental EIS and EIR
Aerial Photographs for Routes
Segment 2C2
Map C-12
Land Use Categories
Agriculture
Grain
Orchard
Pasture
- : : Row Crop
Rice
Barren
Gommerciai
Non-Native Grassiand
Meadow
Riparian, Great Vailey Forest
Riparian, Great Valley Scrub
Urban
Perennial Creek
Ganal
Pond
River
Wetland, Freshwater Marsh
Seasonal Wetland
Wetland Swale
Vernal Pool Grassiand
Vernal Pool Isolate
Water Habitat
Intermittent Creek
Perennial Creek
Ditch
Canal
® Culvert
Species
o Burrowing Owl
o Red-Tailed Hawk
® Elderberry
Highway
Road
Existing Transmission Line
A Substation
Department of Fish and Game
Wildlife Area
Significant Area
1 Mile Post
N
A
1.500
Wescem
OFFICIALUSE ONLY
May be exempt from pubfic reiease under
the Freedom of tnfamation Act ^ U.S.C.552)
Exemption 2 - Cramvention of statute.
Western review required before pubic release.
S/erra Nevada
Rtglon Name/Org: Burleson Ccnsulting Date: 02/26/2007
This caitographic product and GIS data were prepared in accordance with
professional practice stanrterds. Dsta is only as accurate as its primary
source and is spatially relative-grade. It shoiid rrat replace or be used in
place of survey data. Refer to metadata for source and accuracy.
This map and data are the property of WAPA/DOE and are interwted for
planning and analysis only. No reproduction or copyng of this product is
aNowed witfxut the sole consent of WAPA/DOE.
Sources: SNR, GCrf, Naticnal Agnoitural Imagery Program
USGS 7.5 MirHite Quadran^es: Gisizer Slough, Sutter Causeway,
Kficolaus, Pleasant Grove, Verona Taylor Monument, Rfo Linda
Caffomia Spatial Information Ubrary
Surveys Completed by Westem: 2005, 2006
Appendix D- Biological Resources
:
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Supplying Energy
Preserving Reliability
APPENDIX D
Biological Resources
Table D-1 describes habitats from field surveys conducted fi-om O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation. Table D-2
is a list of endangered, threatened, proposed, and candidate species, which may be present in the study area. The
USFWS and National Marine Fisheries Service correspondence contains an area species list.
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing Right-of-Way
from O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Habitat Type and Description
O'Banion Substation
1/0
Gilsizer Slough
1/1.3
Cropland - Rice fields with associated
irrigation ditches. The irrigation ditches
contain some dense vegetation along their
banks and may provide suitable giant
garter snake habitat. In addition, there is a
canal with riparian habitat just west of the
ROW.
Gilsizer Slough north
bank
1/1.3
Gilsizer Slough south
bank
1/1.8
Valley freshwater marsh providing habitat
for giant garter snake, tricolored blackbird,
and northwestern pond turtle. Gilsizer Slough
is a CDFG Code Significant Area^.
Gilsizer Slough south
bank
1/1.8
Orchard bordering
floodplain of the
Feather River
1/10.6
Cropland - Rice fields and irrigation
canals with emergent marsh vegetation
provide suitable habitat for giant garter
snake.
Orchard bordering
floodplain of the
Feather River
1/10.6
North levee of Feather
River floodplain
1/10.9
Orchard.
North levee of Feather
River floodplain
1/10.9
South bank levee of
Feather River
1/11.4
Riverine habitat and Great Valley riparian
forest on both sides of the river; provides
habitat for bald eagle, bank swallow and
Swainson's hawk. Three mature
elderberry shrubs were observed in Great
Valley forest. The alignment crosses the
Feather River and Nelson Slough, which
are designated critical habitat for chinook
salmon and Central Valley steelhead.
South bank levee of
Feather River
1/11.4
Lee Road
1/12.7
Cropland.
Lee Road
1/12.7
Power Line Road
1/13.5
Predominantly cropland and some
riverine. Small amount of riparian habitat
where the ROW crosses Coon Creek.
This creek is designated critical habitat for
Central Valley steelhead.
Power Line Road
1/13.5
North side of Cross
Canal
1/17.1
Predominantly cropland. Small amount of
riverine and riparian habitat where the
ROW crosses Bunkham Slough.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-1
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing Right-of-Way
from O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Habitat Type and Description
North side of Cross
Canal
2A/0
Howsley Road
2A/.7
Rice fields to north of ROW and Cross
Canal to the south. The canal supports
emergent marsh and woody riparian
vegetation suitable for giant garter snake
and Swainson's hawk and is designated
critical habitat for Central Valley
steelhead.
Howsley Road
2A/.7
West Elkhorn
Boulevard
2A/10.4
ROW runs through rice fields with
associated irrigation ditches. The
transmission line parallels Highway 99,
annual grassland habitat, and irrigation
canals with emergent marsh vegetation
that provides suitable habitat for giant
garter snake.
Intersection of Highway
99 and Riego Road
2A1/5.8
Natomas Road
2A1/8.3
ROW turns east on Riego Road and
parallels rice fields with associated
irrigation ditches to Natomas Road. The
irrigation ditches have emergent marsh
vegetation providing suitable habitat for
giant garter snake.
Rice field
2A2/6.8
Natomas Road
2A2/9.5
ROW turns east through rice fields and
associated irrigation ditches, and then
parallels freshwater marsh complex. The
irrigation ditches have emergent marsh
vegetation providing suitable habitat for giant
garter snake.
Intersection of Highway
99 and Elverta Road
2A3/8.3
Point where ROW turns
south from Elverta
Road
2A3/10.8
ROW turns east through rice fields with
irrigation ditches and canals on both
sides. An irrigation canal paralleling the
ROW (north side of Elverta Road)
provides adequate giant garter snake
habitat. The ROW crosses one farm
residence and a wet meadow.
Intersection of Highway
99 and Elverta Road
2A3/10.8
Wetlands west of East
Levee Road
2A3/11.6
ROW turns east through rice fields with
associated irrigation ditches, an emergent
marsh, and pasture with seasonal
wetlands" that provide potential for vernal
pool fairy shrimp, giant garter snake, and
other rare plant endemics. The ROW also
crosses farm residences.
West of Elverta Road,
ROW turns east
2A3/11.6
Point where 2A3
merges with existing
line
2A3/11.9
Vernal pool grassland." Two small
farmhouses.
D-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing RIght-of-Way
from O'Banlon Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Habitat Type and Description
West Elkhorn
Boulevard
2A4/10.5
Point where Segment
2A4 intersects Segment
3
2A4/13.5
ROW parallels agricultural land on the
north side with irrigation canals. Non-
native grassland occupies the south side of
the ROW. Associated irrigation canals
provide suitable giant garter snake habitat.
ROW crosses non-native grassland and
seasonal wetlands.
Rice field
2A5/7.8
Point where Segment
2A5 intersects Segment
2A1
2A5/10.5
Rice fields with irrigation ditches and
canals on both sides of ROW. Associated
irrigation canals along the ROW provides
suitable giant garter snake habitat.
North side of Cross
Canal
2B/0
East Levee Road
2B/0.3
ROW intersects Cross Canal (designated
critical habitat for Central Valley steelhead)
and flood control area that supports
emergent marsh and woody riparian
vegetation. This area provides suitable
habitat for giant garter snake and
Swainson's hawk.
East Levee Road
2B/0.3
Howsiey Road
2B/0.7
ROW bisects agricultural land to the east
and Pleasant Grove Creek CanaP to the
west. The canal provides emergent marsh
vegetation, open water, and woody riparian
vegetation, including cottonwood and
willow. The channel is suitable habitat for
giant garter snake, Swainson's hawk, and
western burrowing owl. The ROW bisects
three farmhouses.
Howsiey Road
2B/0.7
South of Keys Road
2B/3.2
ROW parallels Pleasant Grove Creek
CanaP with associated wetlands to the
west of the ROW, and row crops with
irrigation ditches to the east. ROW
crosses the perennial Pleasant Grove and
Curry creeks, which support emergent
marsh and woody riparian vegetation,
providing suitable habitat for giant garter
snake and Swainson's hawk. •
South of Keys Road
2B/3.2
Sankey Road
2B/3.8
Pleasant Grove Creek CanaP to the west.
ROW crosses Curry Creek at MP 3.2,
and non-native grassland with vernal
pools''. A burrowing owl and its burrow
were observed within the ROW at MP 3.5,
and another burrow was observed about
150 feet west of the ROW at MP 3.6. The
ROW intersects a small residential farm
area at about Sankey Road.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-3
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing Right-of-Way
from O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Habitat Type and Description
Sankey Road
2B/3.8
Riego Road
2B/6.2
ROW crosses non-native grassland ROW
encompasses a small section of the flood
control channel"^ before crossing to
pastures with vernal pools", wet meadows,
agricultural fields with associated irrigation
ditches, an intermittent stream, and a
small pond. The ROW intercepts some
pasture and about four farm residences.
Riego Road
2B/6.2
Browning Street
2B/6.6
About 12 residential farms and associated
agricultural fields. Including non-native
grassland with vernal pools and wet
meadows.
South of Browning
Street
2B/6,6
South of Rio Linda
Boulevard
2B/7.5
Non-native grassland with vernal pools"
and swales, and a small urban area with
about five farm residences with associated
agricultural fields.
South of Rio Linda
Boulevard
2B/7.5
Intersection of Segment
2B with existing line
(south of Elverta
Substation)
2B/9.4
Non-native grassland with vernal pools"
and swales, two intermittent creeks, one
farm residence, and two agricultural fields.
The ROW crosses over the western edge
of the Elverta Substation and continues
over non-native grassland with vernal
pools^ to the existing line.
North side of Cross
Canal
2Ci/0
Pacific Avenue
2C1/O.5
ROW intersects Cross Canal and flood
control area that supports emergent
marsh and woody riparian vegetation.
Cross Canal is designated critical habitat
for Central Valley steelhead and provides
suitable habitat for giant garter snake and
Swainson's hawk. The ROW continues
along row crops to Pacific Avenue.
Pacific Avenue
2C1/O.5
Fifield Road
2C1/2.3
ROW crosses row crops, rice fields, one
farm residence at about Flowsley Road, a
wet meadow, and two canals with
emergent marsh vegetation that provides
habitat for giant garter snake.
Fifield Road
2C1/2.3
Pleasant Grove Creek
2C1/2.6
ROW crosses pasture with wetlands and
the perennial Pleasant Grove Creek,
which supports emergent vegetation and
woody riparian species, such as cottonwood
and willow, providing suitable habitat for
giant garter snake and Swainson's hawk.
The ROW also crosses a farm residence.
D-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR - Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing RIght-of-Way
from O'Banlon Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
mile
Habitat Type and Description
Southeast bank of
Pleasant Grove Creek
2C1/2.6
Riego Road
2C1/6.8
Rice fields with associated irrigation
ditches and canals, row crops, about five
farm residences, an emergent marsh, and
pastures with vernal pools. The ROW
crosses Curry Creek, which supports
emergent vegetation and woody riparian
species, such as cottonwood and willow
and provides suitable habitat for giant
garter snake and Swainson's hawk.
Riego Road
2C1/6.8
South of Browning
Street
2C1/7.3
Urban areas with about 11 residential
homes with small agricultural fields, non-
native grassland, and a few man-made
ponds.
South of Browning
Street
2C1/7.3
Intersection of Segment
2Ci with existing lines
2C1/8.O
Non-native grassland with vernal pools
and agricultural row crops.
Intersection of existing
Western lines
2C1/8.O
South of Rio Linda
Boulevard
2C1/8.3
Urban areas with about six residential
homes with small agricultural fields and
non-native grassland with vernal pools,
and a wet meadow.
South of Rio Linda
Boulevard
2C1/8.3
Elverta Substation
2C1/9.5
Non-native grassland with vernal pools, a
perennial creek with emergent marsh
providing habitat for the giant garter
snake, an intermittent creek, and two farm
residences with associated agricultural crops.
Point where 2C2
connects into
Cottonwood-Roseville
line
2C2/O
(bypass
section
starting at
Keys Road)
Phillips Road
2C2/3.8
Small sections of non-native grassland
with vernal pools. Rice fields and row
crops with associated irrigation ditches
and canals, which provide habitat for the
giant garter snake, and two farm
residences with man-made ponds both
supporting emergent marsh and/or woody
vegetation.
Phillips Road
2C2/3.8
Point where 2C2 joins
the Fiddyment line
2C2/6.2
Large sections of non-native grassland
with vernal pools, row crops, rice fields,
and Curry Creek at MP 5.0 with woody
riparian vegetation, and an intermittent
creek at MP 5.7.
Elverta Substation
3/0
Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal
3/0.7
Non-native grassland with seasonal
wetlands supporting vernal pool species
and a freshwater marsh with open water
supporting emergent marsh vegetation.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-5
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-1. Habitats Observed Along the Existing Right-of-Way
from O'Banion Substation to Natomas Substation
Starting Point (north)
Ending Point (south)
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
miie
Road Crossing
or Other
Descriptive Point
Segment/
MP 0.1
miie
Habitat Type and Description
Natomas East Main
Drainage Canal
3/0.7
Point where Segment 3
turns south
3/1.0
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal is
critical habitat for Central Valley steelhead.
Emergent marsh vegetation is within
canal. ROW crosses annual grassland
with seasonal wetlands supporting vernal
pool species, and a freshwater marsh with
open water and emergent marsh
vegetation.
Point where Segment 3
turns south
3/1.0
Elkhorn Boulevard
3/2.3
Agricultural cropland and non-native
grassland with sparsely scattered
seasonal wetlands and vernal pools.
Elkhorn Boulevard
3/2.3
Del Paso Road
3/4.4
Non-native grassland with sparsely
scattered seasonal wetlands and vernal
pools, and agricultural row crops.
Del Paso Road
3/4.4
Natomas Substation
3/4.8
Urban area.
' CDFG Significant Area: Location identified by CNDDB to fiave ecological significance because it is a rare tiabitat type and/or supports rare species.
'' Vernal pools and seasonal wetlands throughout provide habitat for vernal pool fairy shrimp and rare vernal pool plant endemics.
' The entire portion of the Pleasant Grove Creek Canal along Segment 2B has emergent marsh and pockets of woody riparian vegetation such as willow and
Cottonwood that provides habitat for the giant garter snake and Swainson's hawk.
MP = milepost
ROW = right-of-way
CDFG = California Department of Fish and Game
CNDDB = California Natural Diversity Database
TNBC = The Natomas Basin Conservancy
D-6
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-2. Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species
that May Occur in the Study Area
Species Name
Preferred Habitat
Likelihood of
Occurrence
Status Federal/State/CNPS
Mammals
Neotoma fuscipes riparia
Riparian (San Joaquin )
woodrat
Riparian habitats where trees and
brush are available for cover and
nesting
U
E/SC/—
Sylvilagus bachmani riparius
Riparian brush rabbit
Dense, brushy areas of riparian
forests above flood level
U
E/E/—
Taxidea taxus
American badger
Abundant in drier open stages of
most shrub, forest, and herbaceous
habitats with friable soils
A
—/SC/—
Birds
Accipiter cooperii
Cooper's hawk
Nests mainly in riparian growth of
deciduous trees such as canyon
bottoms on river floodplains; also in
live oaks
A
—ISCI—
PCCP Species
Agelaius tricolor
Tricolored blackbird
Largest colonies are found in the
Sacramento and San Joaquin
Valleys. California birds reside in their
breeding territories year-round
preferring, annual grasslands, wet
and dry vernal pools, and other
seasonal wetlands
C
—/SC/—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Athene cunicularia hypugaea
Western burrowing owl
Nests in burrows in grassland areas
where ground squirrels are present
C
—ISCI—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Buteo swainsoni (nesting)
Swainson's hawk
Nests in oak or cottonwoods in or
near riparian habitats; forages in
grasslands, irrigated pastures, and
grain fields
C
-111-
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Branta Canadensis
leucopareia
Aleutian Canada Goose
Waterways in open, grassy habitats
such as grasslands and chaparral.
They also inhabit manmade habitats
that are open and grassy, such as
golf courses, agricultural land,
airports, and parks
A, M
NBHCP Species
•
Charadrius montanus
Mountain plover
Winter resident in valley and foothill
grassland and cropland including
valley needle grassland, valley wild
rye grassland, non-native grassland,
and wildflower field. Prefers short
vegetation, bare ground, and flat
topography
A
—ISCI—
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-7
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-2. Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species
that May Occur in the Study Area
Species Name
Preferred Habitat
Likelihood of
Occurrence
Status Federal/State/CNPS
Coccyzus americanus
occidentaiis (nesting)
Western yellow-billed cuckoo
Great Valley cottonwood riparian
forest; Great Valley mixed forest;
and Great Valley, valley oak riparian
forest
C
C/E/—
Faico peregrinus anatum
American peregrine falcon
Nests near wetlands, lakes, or
rivers on cliffs, banks, dunes,
mounds, and also manmade
structures
A
—lEI—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Grus canadensis tabida
Greater sandhill crane
Nests and winters in shallow wetland
habitats of northeast California and
Central Valley
A
—IJI—
NBHCP Species
Haliaeetus leucocephaius
Bald eagle
Riverine and riparian that may include
great valley cottonwood riparian
forest; Great Valley mixed forest.
Prefers large bodies of water or free-
flowing rivers with abundant fish
and adjacent snags or other
perches
A
T/E/—
PCCP Species
Lanius iudovicianus
Loggerhead shrike
Nests in broken woodlands, prefers
dense shrubs and brush with thorns
A, M
—isa—
NBHCP Species
Progne subis
Purple martin
Nests in woodlands; mostly
woodpecker cavities or human-made
structures. Nests are often located
in a tall isolated tree
A
—ISCI—
Plegadis chihi
White faced ibis
Shallow fresh-water marsh and
dense thickets for nesting,
interspersed with areas of shallow
water for foraging
A
—ISCI—
NBHCP Species
Riparia riparia (nesting)
Bank swallow
Nests in bluffs or bands, usually
adjacent to water, where the soil
consists of sand or sandy loam to
allow digging
C
—111—
NBHCP Species
Reptiles
Clemmys marmorata
marmorata
Northwestern pond turtle
Found near a wide variety of wetlands,
including vernal pools, marshes,
streams, and irrigation ditches;
usually with vegetative cover used
as basking sites
A
—ISCI—
NBHCP Species
Phrynosoma coronatum
frontaie
California horned lizard
Frequents a wide variety of habitats,
most common in lowlands along
sandy washes with scattered low
bushes
A
—ISCI—
Thamnophis gigas
Giant garter snake
Freshwater emergent wetland
habitats, cropland (rice fields)
C
Jill—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
D-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration ■ Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-2. Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species
that May Occur in the Study Area
Species Name
Preferred Habitat
Likelihood of
Occurrence
Status Federai/State/CNPS
Amphibians
Ambystoma californiense
California tiger salamander
Grassland habitats that may include
valley needle grassland, valley wild
rye grassland, non-native grassland
and wildflower fields with vernal
pools or other temporary ponds.
Other habitats include valley-oak
woodland
A
T/SC/—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Rana aurora draytonii
Caiifornia red-legged frog
Lacustrine and riverine. Prefers
standing or slow-moving water with
overhanging vegetation
U
T/SC/—
PCCP Species
Spea hammondii
Western spadefoot toad
Occurs primarily in grassland habitats,
but can be found in valley-foothill
woodlands; vernal pools are essential
for breeding and egg laying
A
—/SC/—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Fish
Hypomesus transpacificus
Delta smelt
Riverine: mixing zone of the
Sacramento-San Joaquin River
Delta, where the delta smelt spends
most of its adult life
A, M
T/T/—
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Central Valley steelhead
Riverine habitats; spawns in main
stems of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin rivers
A, M
Jl—I—
PCCP Species
0. mykiss
Critical habitat, Central Valley
steelhead
Critical habitat present within the
Project area
A, M
Jl—I—
0. tshawytscha
Winter-run chinook salmon
Riverine habitats; spawns in main
stems and tributaries of the
Sacramento River
A, M
El—I—
0. tshawytscha
Critical habitat, winter-run
Chinook salmon
Critical habitat present within the
Project area
A, M
El—I—
0. tshawytscha
Central valley spring-run
Chinook salpnon
Riverine habitats; spawns in main
stems and tributaries of the
Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers
A, M
Jl-I-
0, tshawytscha
Critical habitat, spring-run
Chinook salmon
Critical habitat present within the
Project area
A, M
Jl—I—
0. tshawytscha
Central valley fall-run chinook
salmon
Riverine habitats; spawns in main
stems and tributaries of the
Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers
A, M
a—I—
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-9
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-2. Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species
that May Occur In the Study Area
Species Name
Preferred Habitat
Likelihood of
Occurrence
Status Federal/State/CNPS
0. tshawytscha
Critical habitat, fail-run
Chinook salmon
Critical habitat present within the
Project area
A, M
a—I—
PCCP Species
Pogonichthys macrolepidotus
Sacramento splittail
Riverine habitats, Sacramento and
San Joaquin rivers, freshwater
marsh, estuary, slow-moving river
sections, and dead-end sloughs;
requires flooded vegetation for
spawning and foraging for young
A
—ISCI—
Invertebrates
Branchinecta conservatio
Conservancy fairy shrimp
Seasonally in grassland vernal pools
and shallow swales
U
El—I—
NBHCP Species
Branchinecta longiatenna
Longhorn fairy shrimp
Vernal pools and swales in the
Sacramento Valley containing clear
to highly turbid water
U
El—I—
NBHCP Species
Branchinecta mesovallensis
Midvalley fairy shrimp
Vernal pools and swales in the
Sacramento Valley
A
NBHCP Species
Branchinecta lynchi
Vernal pool fairy shrimp
Vernal pools and swales in the
Sacramento Valley containing clear
to highly turbid water
C
Tl—I—
PCCP Species
Linderieila occidentalis
California linderieila
Vernal pools in unplowed
grasslands with old alluvial soils
underlain by hardpan or sandstone
depressions
C
—ISCI—
Lepidurus packardi
Vernal pool tadpole shrimp
Vernal pools and swales in the
Sacramento Valley containing clear
to highly turbid water
C
El—I—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Desmocerus caiifornicus
dimorphus
Valley elderberry longhorn
beetle
Riparian habitats that may include
Great Valley cottonwood riparian
forest; great valley mixed forest;
and Great Valley, valley oak riparian
forest, provided elderberry shrubs
are present
C
Jl—I—
NBHCP Species
PCCP Species
Plants
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
macrolepis
Big-scale balsamroot
Valley and foothill grassland,
cismontane woodland
U
—/—/1B
Cordylanthus mollis ssp.
hispidus
Hispid bird's-beak
Meadows, valley and foothill
grassland
U
—i—n B
Cordylanthus palmatus
Palmate-bracted bird's-beak
Alkaline soils
U
E/E/1B
D-10
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix D: Biological Resources
Table D-2. Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, and Candidate Species
that May Occur in the Study Area
Species Name
Preferred Habitat
Likeiihood of
Occurrence
Status Federai/State/CNPS
Downingia pusiiia
Dwarf downingia
Vernal pools, valley and foothill
grassland
C
—1—12
Gratiola fieterosepala
Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop
Clay soils in areas of shallow water,
lake margins and vernal pool
margins
C
—/E/1B
NBFICP Species
Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Rose-mallow
Freshwater marshes and swamps
0
—1—12
Juncus leiospermus var.
ieiospermus
Red bluff dwarf rush
Vernal pool, valley and foothill
grassland, chaparral
u
—/—/1B
Lathyrus jepsonii var. jepsonii
Delta tule pea
Freshwater and brackish marsh
A
—i—n B
NBFICP Species
Legenere limosa
Legenere
Vernal pools
C
—/—/IB
NBFICP Species
PCCP Species
Orcuttia viscida
Sacramento Orcutt grass
Vernal pools
A
E/E/1B
NBFICP Species
Orcuttia tenuis
Slender Orcutt grass
Vernal pools
A
T/E/1B
NBFICP Species
Sagittaria sanfordii
Sanford's arrowhead
Standing or slow moving freshwater
ponds, marshes, and ditches
A
—/—/IB
NBFICP Species
Tuctoria mucronata
Solano grass
Clay bottoms of drying vernal pools
and lakes in valley and foothill
grassland
A
E/E/1B
Sources: California Natural Diversity Database 2006, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2006, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2007
CDFG = California Department of Fish and Game;
NBHCP = Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Plan
CNPS = California Native Plant Society
PCCP = Placer County Conservation Plan
Likelifiood of Occurrence:
A = Assumed present (suitable habitat exists in the ROW)
C = Confirmed within project area
U = Unlikely to occur
M = Migrant »
Federal Status
C = Candidate for listing
E = Endangered
T = Threatened
State/CDFG Status
E = Endangered
T = Threatened
R = Rare
SC = California special concern species
CNPS Status
1B = Rare and endangered in Califomia and elsewhere
2 = Rare, threatened or endangered in California but more common
elsewhere
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
D-11
Appendix E- Mitigation Monitoi-ing Report
Pl^n/ Mitigation Action PUn
Supplying Energy
Preserving Reliability
APPENDIX E
Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
E.1 INTRODUCTION
The Western Area Power Administration (Western)
and Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)
included a series of Environmental Protection
Measures (EPM) in the project description for the
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Supplemental
Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) and
Environmental Impact Report (EIR) to minimize
potential envirorunental impacts during Project
construction and operation. Those EPMs are listed in
Table E-1.
This Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan (MMRP) is
intended to be used by Westem to ensure that each
EPM and mitigation measure, adopted as a condition
for project approval, is implemented. The MMRP
meets the requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and is consistent
with the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA), as amended (Guidelines Section 15074(d))
for the preparation of monitoring provisions for the
implementation of mitigation assigned as part of the
proposed Project.
E.2 MITIGATION IMPLEMENTATION
AND MONITORING
Western will be responsible for monitoring the
implementation of EPMs and mitigation measures.
Western will designate specific personnel to
implement and document all aspects of the MMRP.
Westem will ensure that the designated personnel
have authority to enforce mitigation requirements and
will be capable of terminating project constmction
activities found to be inconsistent with mitigation
objectives or proposed Project approval conditions.
Westem will demonstrate compliance with other
agency permit conditions to appropriate regulatory
agencies. It will also be responsible for ensuring
that constmction personnel understand their
responsibilities for adhering to the performance
requirements of the mitigation plan and other
contractual requirements related to the
implementation of mitigation as part of the proposed
Project constmction.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EtR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
E-1
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
1.
Air Quality
Western would adhere to all requirements of
those entities having jurisdiction over air
quality matters and obtain any permits needed
for construction activities. Qpen burning of
construction trash would not be allowed.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
2.
Air Quality
Project participants would use reasonably
practicable methods and devices to control,
prevent, and otherwise minimize atmospheric
emissions or discharges of air contaminants.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
3.
Air Quality
Visible emissions from all off-road diesel-
powered equipment would not exceed 40
percent opacity for more than three minutes in
any one hour.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
4.
Air Quality
Equipment and vehicles that show excessive
emissions of exhaust gases caused by poor
engine adjustments or other inefficient
operating conditions would not be operated
until corrective repairs or adjustments were
made.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
5.
Air Quality
Vehicles and equipment used in construction
and maintenance of the proposed Project or
alternatives would maintain appropriate
emissions control equipment and be
appropriately permitted.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
6.
Air Quality
Road construction would include dust-control
measures such as watering and other
approved suppressing agents for limiting dust
generation.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
7.
Air Quality
Fill material storage piles would include dust-
control measures such as water or chemical
suppressants.
•
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
8.
Air Quality
Ground surfaces that have been significantly
disturbed would be seeded appropriately to
prevent wind dispersion of soil.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
9.
Air Quality
Removal of vegetation and ground
disturbance would be limited to the minimum
area necessary to complete proposed Project
construction activities. Vegetative cover would
be maintained on ail other portions of the
proposed Project area.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
10.
Air Quality
Regular watering of exposed soils and
unpaved access roads would be conducted
during the construction period.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
11.
Air Quality
Grading activities would cease during periods
of high winds (greater than 20 miles per hour
averaged over 1 hour).
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
12.
Air Quality
Trucks transporting loose material would be
covered or would maintain at least 2 feet of
freeboard and not create any visible dust
emissions.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
13.
Air Quality
Excessive engine idling will be minimized
according to Placer County and City of
Sacramento regulations.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
E-3
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
14.
Air Quality
A comprehensive inventory (e.g., make,
model, year and emission rating) \would be
submitted to the relevant air districts of all
the heavy-duty off-road equipment
(50 horsepower or greater) that would be
used in aggregate of 40 or more hours for the
construction project. The inventory shall be
updated and submitted monthly throughout
the duration of the project, except that an
inventory shall not be required for any 30-day
period in which no construction activity
occurs. At least 48 hours prior to the use of
subject heavy-duty off-road equipment, the
project representative shall provide the air
districts with the anticipated construction
timeline, including start date, name and phone
number of the project manager and on-site
foreman. Heavy-duty equipment would meet
the standard emissions reduction of
20 percent NO, and 45 percent PMio
compared to the most recent California Air
Resources Board (GARB) fleet average at the
time of construction.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
15.
Biological
Resources
Mitigation measures developed during the
consultation period under Section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) would be
adhered to, as specified in the subsequent
Biological Opinion of U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS). In addition, mitigation
developed in conjunction with state and Tribal
authorities would be followed.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
16.
Biological
Resources
Before construction and maintenance, all
personnel would be instructed on the
protection of cultural, paleontological, and
ecological resources. To assist in this effort,
the construction and maintenance contract
would address applicable Federal, state, local
and Tribal laws regarding collection and
removal antiquities, fossils, plants, and wildlife.
Training would include the importance of these
resources and the purpose and necessity of
protecting them.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
17.
Biological
Resources
Special-status species and their habitats would
be protected during post-EIS and EIR phases
of the project. This may involve conducting
surveys for habitat, plant, and wildlife species
of concern. Where special-status species or
their habitats are found, appropriate action
would be taken to avoid adverse impacts on
the species and/or their habitat.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
18.
Biological
Resources,
Wetlands
A qualified biologist would conduct a site
survey before clearing vegetation in sensitive
habitats. The purpose of this survey would be
to identify any biologically sensitive issues
such as wetlands, vernal pools, or habitat of
concern. Western would avoid these areas to
the extent practical.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
19.
Biological
Resources
During construction and maintenance, no
equipment refueling or oil changing would be
conducted within 300 feet of any bodies of
water or streams.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
20.
Biological
Resources
Within riverine habitat, ROW clearing would be
done by mechanical and manual methods.
Construction and maintenance activities
would be avoided within 100 feet of the
stream bank. ,
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-5
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibiiity
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
21.
Biological
Resources
Vegetation would be controlled or removed in
accordance with Western's Integrated
Vegetation Management Environmental
Guidance Manual (Western 2007b).
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
22.
Biological
Resources,
Wetlands
Freshwater emergent, lacustrine, and riverine
wetlands would be spanned and vehicular
traffic would be prohibited within 100 feet of
the high-water boundary of these wetlands.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
23.
Biological
Resources,
Wetlands
To the extent practical, when water is present,
vernal pools would be driven around,
spanned, or otherwise avoided.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
24.
Biological
Resources
Replacing insulators on structures containing
active raptor nests would be conducted after
birds have fledged. Inactive nests would not
be removed from structures unless they pose
a safety or reliability hazard.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
25.
Biological
Resources,
Water
Resources
Western would span the Feather River and
Cross Canal riparian corridor and no
construction or maintenance equipment would
cross these water bodies. Sedimentation
control structures would be used to prevent
sediment from reaching riverine habitat.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
26.
Biological
Resources,
Floodplains,
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Hazardous materials would not be drained
onto the ground or into streams or drainage
areas. All construction and maintenance waste,
including trash and litter, garbage, other solid
waste, petroleum products, and other regulated
materials, would be removed daily to a
disposal facility authorized to accept such
materials.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-6
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1, Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
27.
Biological
Resources. Soils
At completion of work and at the request of
the land owner/manager, all work areas
except access roads would be scarified or left
in a condition that would facilitate natural or
appropriate vegetation, provide for proper
drainage, and prevent erosion.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
28.
Biological
Resources
Equipment would be washed prior to entering
sensitive areas within the Project area to
control noxious weeds. The rinse water would
be disposed of through the sanitary sewage
system.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
29.
Biological
Resources
Vernal oool resources-soecific. Bioloqical
reconnaissance surveys, preconstruction
surveys, and other biological investigations
would be conducted to identify on-site vernal
pool resources. If it is determined that wetland
and/or vernal pool resources occur. Western
would consult USFWS. Western assumes
presence of listed species in suitable vernal
pools. Section 7 consultation with USFWS
would determine appropriate measures to
avoid and minimize loss of individuals.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
30.
Biological
Resources
Boaos Lake hedoe hvssoo and
leqenere-specific. If preconstruction surveys
determine the presence of the species.
Western would consult with USFWS to
determine appropriate measures to avoid and
minimize loss of individuals.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
31.
Biological
Resources
Riparian habitat-soecific. If rioarian veaetation
requires replacement, it will be replaced at a
3:1 ratio on site or within the watershed, using
native riparian trees and/or vegetation.
At the
completion of
project
construction
At the
completion of
project
construction
Post-
construction
monitoring to
ensure
survival
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-7
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
32.
Biological
Resources
Vallev elderberry lonahorn beetle-soecific.
Surveys for beetles and elderberry host plants
by a qualified biologist will be conducted prior
to construction and maintenance activities. To
the maximum extent practicable, the project
will avoid stands of elderberry bushes and
avoid isolation of elderberry bushes from
other nearby plant populations
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
33.
Biological
Resources
Vallev elderberry lonahorn beetle-specific. If
elderberry plants cannot be avoided, and if
approved by the USFWS through
consultation, then transplantation/replacement
mitigation measures may be implemented.
Preconstruction surveys will assess the
appropriate amount of mitigation.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
At the
completion of
project
construction
WESTERN
WESTERN
34.
Biological
Resources
Western soadefoot toad-soecific. If
preconstruction surveys determine the
presence of the toad. Western would consult
with USFWS to determine appropriate
measures to avoid and minimize take of
individuals.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
35.
Biological
Resources
Giant aarter snake-soecific. Preconstruction
surveys for giant garter snake would be
completed by a qualified biologist approved by
USFWS. If any snake habitat is found,
additional measures would be implemented to
minimize disturbance of habitat and
harassment of the species.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
36.
Biological
Resources
Giant qarter snake-soecific. Between Aoril 15
and September 30, all irrigation ditches,
canals, or other aquatic habitat would be
completely dewatered, with no puddle water
remaining, for at least 15 consecutive days
prior to the excavation or filling in of the
dewatered habitat. Efforts would be made to
ensure that dewatered habitat does not
continue to support prey. If a site cannot be
completely dewatered, netting and salvage of
prey items may be necessary.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
37.
Biological
Resources
Giant carter snake-specific. For sites
containing snake habitat, and no more than
24 hours prior to start of construction
activities (site preparation and/or grading),
the Project area would be surveyed for the
presence of the snake. If construction
activities stop on the site for a period of
2 weeks or more, a new snake survey would
be completed no more than 24 hours prior to
the resumption of construction activities.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
38.
Biological
Resources
Giant qarter snake-soecific. Clearinq would be
confined to the minimal area necessary to
facilitate construction and maintenance
activities. Giant garter snake habitat within or
adjacent to the Project would be flagged and
designated as environmentally sensitive
areas. This area would be avoided by all
construction personnel.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
t
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
«
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
39.
Biological
Resources
Giant carter snake-soecific. If a live qiant
garter snake is found during construction and
maintenance activities, USFWS and the
Project's biological monitor w/ill be notified
immediately. The biological monitor or his/her
assignee shall do the following:
1. Escape routes for snakes should be
determined in advance of construction and
maintenance and snakes should always be
allowed to leave on their own.
2. Stop construction and maintenance
activities in the vicinity of the snake.
3. Monitor the snake and allow it to leave on
its own. The monitor shall remain in the area
for the remainder of the workday to make
sure that the snake is not harmed, or if it
leaves the site, that it does not return. If a
giant garter snake does not leave on its own
within 1 working day, further consultation
with USFWS is required.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
40.
Biological
Resources
Giant qarter snake-soecific. If anv temoorarv
fill and/or construction debris situated near
undisturbed giant garter snake habitat is to be
removed between October 1 and April 30, it
would be inspected by a qualified biologist to
ensure the snakes are not using it as an
overwintering site.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
41.
Biological
Resources
Giant qarter snake-soecific. No olastic.
monofilament, jute, or similar erosion control
matting that could entangle snakes would be
placed on a Project site when working within
200 feet of snake habitat. Possible
substitutions include coconut coir matting,
tactified hydroseeding compounds, or other
material approved by USFWS.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
T
E-10
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/BR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
42.
Biological
Resources
Northwestern oond turtle-soecific. Take of
the turtle as a result of habitat destruction
during construction and maintenance
activities, including maintenance and
removal of irrigation ditches and drains, would
be minimized by the dewatering requirements
described for the giant garter snake.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
4.4.
Biological
Resources
Chinook salmon or steelhead-soecific. The
site would be monitored to ensure that no
listed fish are present and/or harmed if
working in a water channel. If listed fish are
present, NMFS and CDFG, if appropriate,
would be consulted.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
44.
Biological
Resources
Western vellow-billed-SDecific. If
preconstruction surveys or other sources
determine the presence of nesting birds,
construction avoidance areas would be
enforced for a distance of 300 feet from the
nest site, until young birds have fledged and
left the nesting site.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
45.
Biological
Resources
Bank swallow-soecific. Disturbances to
nesting colonies would be avoided within the
nesting season of May 1 through August 31,
or until a qualified biologist, with concurrence
of USFWS and CDFG, if appropriate, has
determined that the young have fledged or the
nests are no longer occupied.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEtS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-11
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
46.
Biological
Resources
Bank swallow-soecific. If oreconstruction
surveys identify an active nesting colony,
brightly colored construction fencing will be
installed 250-feet from the active nesting
colony. No construction disturbances will occur
within the 250-foot fenced area during the
nesting season In addition, disturbances
within 0.5 mile upstream or downstream of a
colony located on a natural waterway would
be avoided.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
47.
Biological
Resources
Tricolored blackbird-soecific. If
preconstruction surveys determine the
presence of breeding and nesting birds,
disturbances to nesting colonies would be
avoided. A boundary shall be marked by
brightly colored construction fencing
establishing a 500 foot buffer from the active
nest site. No disturbances would occur within
the 500 foot area during the nesting season,
February 1 to August 1 or while birds are
present. Before the site can be disturbed, a
qualified biologist, with concurrence by
USFWS, would determine if the young have
fledged and nest sites are no longer active.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-12
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
48.
Biological
Resources
Burrowinq owl-soecific. Preconstruction
surveys would be conducted prior to earth-
disturbing activities to determine the presence
of foraging or nesting owls. The surveys would
be conducted by a qualified biologist. Results
of the preconstruction surveys would be
submitted to the land use agency with
jurisdiction over the site prior to
commencement of construction activities and a
mitigation program would be developed and
agreed to by the land use agency and Western
prior to initiation of any physical disturbance on
site.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
49.
Biological
Resources
Burrowing owl-soecific. Occuoied burrows
shall not be disturbed during nesting season
(February 1 through August 31). No
disturbance should occur within 50 meters of
occupied burrows during the non-breeding
season (September 1 to January 31) or
within 75 meters during the breeding season
(February 1 to August 31). A minimum of
6.5 acres of foraging habitat, contiguous with
occupied burrow sites, would be permanently
preserved for each pair of breeding
burrowing owls or single unpaired resident
bird.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-13
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
50.
Biological
Resources
Burrowina owl-soecific. If nests are found.
USFWS and CDFG, if appropriate, would be
contacted regarding suitable mitigation
measures. These may include a 300 foot
buffer around the nest site during the
breeding season, relocation efforts for owls
that have not begun egg-laying and
incubation, or relocation of juveniles capable
of independent survival. If on-site avoidance
is required, the boundaries of the buffer zone
would be determined by a qualified biologist
and marked with yellow caution tape, stakes,
or temporary fencing. The buffer zone would
be maintained throughout the construction
period. If relocation is approved by USFWS,
a qualified biologist will prepare a plan for
relocating the owls to a suitable site.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
51.
Biological
Resources
Swainson's hawk-soecific. A oreconstruction
survey would be completed to determine if
active Swainson's hawk nest sites occur on or
within 0.5 mile or if any Swainson's hawk nest
trees would be removed on the Project site.
Surveys would be conducted by experienced
Swainson's hawk surveyors using Swainson's
hawk Technical Advisory Committee's
methods (May 31, 2000 or newer), as
approved by USFWS.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-14
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
«
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
52.
Biological
Resources
Swainson's hawk-soecific. If breeding hawks
are identified, no disturbances would occur
within 0.5 mile of an active nest between
March 15 and September 15, or until a
qualified biologist, with discussion with
CDFG, if appropriate, has determined that
the young have fledged or the nest is no
longer occupied. If an active nest site is
located within 0.25 mile of existing urban
development, a no-disturbance zone of
0.25 mile would be set.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
53.
Biological
Resources
Swainson's hawk-soecific. Where disturbance
of a hawk nest cannot be avoided,
construction would be deferred until after the
nesting season. Then, if necessary, the nest
tree may be removed after discussion with
CDFG, if appropriate, and it has been
determined that the young are no longer
dependent upon the nest tree.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
54.
Biological
Resources
Swainson's hawk-soecific. If construction
activities would cause nest abandonment or
force out fledglings within a 0.25-mile buffer
zone of the Project area, an on-site qualified
raptor biologist would be assigned to the
project.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
55.
Biological
Resources
Swainson's hawk-soecific. Vallev oaks, tree
groves, riparian habitat, and other large trees
used by Swainson's hawk and other animals
will be preserved wherever possible. If
Swainson's hawk nest trees are lost. Western
would implement mitigation planting.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
E-15
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Impiementation
Monitoring
56.
Biological
Resources
Upon locating dead, injured or sick threatened
or endangered species, the USFWS Division
of Law Enforcement (2800 Cottage Way,
Sacramento, CA 95825) or the Sacramento
Fish and Wildlife Ecological Services Office
(2800 Cottage Way, Room W 2605,
Sacramento, CA 95825, telephone
916 414 6000) must be notified within
1 working day. Written notification to both
offices must be made within 3 calendar days
and must include the date, time, and location
of the discovery and any other pertinent
information.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
57.
Cultural
Resources,
Paleontological
Resources
Before construction, all supervisory
construction personnel would be instructed by
Western on the protection of cultural,
paleontological, and ecological resources and
that cultural resources might be presented in
the study area. To assist in this effort, the
construction contract would address applicable
Federal and state laws regarding antiquities,
fossils, plants, and wildlife, including collection
and removal, and the importance of these
resources and the purpose and necessity of
protecting them. Contractors would be trained
to stop work near any discovery and notify
Western's regional environmental manager,
who would ensure that the resource is
evaluated and avoided. Known cultural
resources would be fenced and a minimum
distance maintained for work disturbances.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-16
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
58.
Cultural
Resources
Where ground-disturbing activities are
identified, cultural resource evaluations would
be done to determine the need for field
inventory. Construction activities would avoid
all historic properties or a special use permit
or Memorandum of Agreement would be
developed in consultation with the State
Historic Preservation Office (SHRO).
Avoidance would include the use of temporary
construction fencing where activities are
planned to take place near cultural resources
sites boundaries.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
59.
Cultural
Resources,
Floodplains,
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Direct impacts to irrigation system and
drainage canal features that are eligible for
the NRHP would be avoided during the siting
of new transmission line structures and access
roads and most other irrigation system
features would be avoided to the extent
practicable in siting new structures and
access roads.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
60.
Cultural
Resources
Cultural resources would be considered
during post-EIS phases of proposed Project
implementation. Surveys would be completed
to inventory and evaluate cultural resources of
the Preferred Alternative, or of any
components that might be added to the
project, or any existing components that
would be modified. These surveys and any
resulting property evaluation and analysis of
effects would be conducted in accordance
with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act (NHPA) and in consultation
with the SHPO.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-17
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
61.
Electric and
Magnetic Fields
Complaints of radio or television interference
generated by the transmission line will be
responded to and appropriate actions taken.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
62.
Fioodpiains,
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Surface restoration would occur in
construction areas, material storage yards,
structure sites, spur roads, and existing
access roads where ground disturbance
occurs or where recontouring is required.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
63.
Fioodpiains,
Soils, Water
Resources.
Wetlands
Access roads would be built at right angles
to the streams and washes to the extent
practicable. Culverts would be installed where
needed. Ail construction and maintenance
activities would be conducted to minimize
disturbance to vegetation and drainage
channels.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
64.
Fioodpiains,
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Excavated material or other construction
materials would not be stockpiled or deposited
near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or
other watercourse perimeters.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
65.
Fioodpiains,
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Non-biodegradable debris would be collected
and removed from the ROW daily and taken
to a disposal facility. Slash and other
biodegradable debris would be left in place or
disposed of.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
66.
Fioodpiains,
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Ail soil excavated for structure foundations
would be backfilled and tamped around the
foundations, and used to provide positive
drainage around the structure foundations.
Excess soil would be removed from the site
and disposed of appropriately. Areas around
structure footings would be reseeded with
native plants.
>
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-18
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
«
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
67.
Floodplains,
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Wherever possible, new structures and
access roads would be sited out of
floodplains. Due to the abundance of
floodplains and surface water resources in the
study area, complete avoidance may not be
possible and Western would consult with U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE).
Prior to final
design
Prior to final
design
WESTERN
WESTERN
68.
Geology
Geological hazards would be evaluated during
final design specification for each structure
location and road construction area. Options
would include avoidance of a poor site by
selection of a site with stable conditions or
correction of the unstable slope conditions.
Prior to final
design
Prior to final
design
WESTERN
WESTERN
69.
Geology, Soils
A California-registered Professional
Geotechnical Engineer would evaluate the
potential for geotechnical hazards and
unstable slopes on the centerline route and
areas of new road construction or widening on
slopes with more than a 15 percent gradient.
Prior to final
design
Prior to final
design
WESTERN
WESTERN
70.
Health and
Safety, Traffle
Conform with safety requirements for
maintaining the flow of public traffic and
conduct construction operations to offer the
least possible obstruction and inconvenience
to public transportation.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
71.
Health and
Safety
Comply with all applicable health and safety
laws, regulations, and standards.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
72.
Health and
Safety
Post proper signage In areas within the ROW
that would require temporary closure or
limited access to accommodate certain land
uses.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-19
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
73.
Health and
Safety
Mark structures and/or shield wire with highly
visible devices for identified locations, as
required by applicable laws and regulations
(for example, the Federal Aviation
Administration regulations).
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
74.
Land Use
When weather and ground conditions permit,
all construction-caused deep ruts that are
hazardous to farming operations and moving
equipment would be restored to
preconstruction conditions or compensation
would be provided as an alternative if the
landowner desires. Such ruts would be
leveled, filled and graded, or otherwise
eliminated in an approved manner. Ruts,
scars, and compacted soils from construction
activities in hay meadows, alfalfa fields,
pastures, and cultivated productive lands
would be loosened and leveled by scarifying,
harrowing, discing, or other appropriate
method. Damage to ditches, tile drains,
terraces, roads and other features of the land
would be corrected. The land and facilities
would be restored as nearly as practicable to
their original conditions.
At the
completion of
project
construction
At the
completion of
project
construction
WESTERN
WESTERN
75.
Land Use
On completion of the work, all work areas
except permanent access roads would be
returned to pre-constructlon conditions unless
otherwise specified by the land owner/
manager.
At the
completion of
project
construction
At the
completion of
project
construction
WESTERN
WESTERN
76.
Land Use
During construction, movement would be
limited to the access roads and within a
designated area in the ROW to minimize
damage to agricultural land.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-20
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
77.
Land Use
Construction operations would be conducted to
prevent unnecessary destruction, scarring or
defacing of the natural surroundings to
preserve the natural landscape to the extent
practicable.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
78.
Land Use
No permanent discoloring agents would be
applied to rocks or vegetation to indicate limits
of survey.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
79.
Land Use
Damaged fences and gates would be repaired
or replaced to restore them to their
preconstruction condition.
At the
completion of
project
construction
At the
completion of
project
construction
WESTERN
WESTERN
80.
Land Use
Some land uses occurring within the ROW
would require temporary closure or limited
access. Proper signage would be posted in
these areas.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
81.
Land Use
Power lines would span sensitive land uses to
the extent possible. Where practical, access
roads would be placed to avoid sensitive
areas.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
82.
Land Use
Where practical, construction activities would
be scheduled during periods when agricultural
activities would be minimally affected or the
landowner would be compensated
accordingly.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
83.
Land Use
Structure design and placement would be
selected to reduce potential conflicts with
agricultural practices and the amount of land
required for transmission lines.
Prior to final
design
Prior to final
design
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR - Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
E-21
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
84.
Noise
All vehicles and equipment would be
equipped with required exhaust noise
abatement suppression devices.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
85.
Noise
Construction and maintenance activities
would be consistent with local noise
ordinances.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
86.
Paleontological
Resources
Preconstruction surveys of sensitive
paleontological areas may be conducted, as
agreed upon by the appropriate land-
managing agencies and Western.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
87.
Socioeconomics
Any land temporarily required for construction
of the proposed facilities (such as conductor
pulling sites and material and equipment storage
areas) would be arranged through temporary-
use permits or by specific arrangements
between the construction contractor and
affected landowners. Arrangements would be
made with business owners to avoid or
minimize disruptions in their business (by
posting detours and limiting the area and time
of disruption).
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-22
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
EPM
Resource
•
Measure
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
88.
Socioeconomics
Where new ROW is needed, Western would
acquire land rights (easements) in accordance
with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and
Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
(P.L. 91-646), as amended. Easements would
be purchased through negotiations with
landowners at fair market value, based on
independent appraisals. The landowner would
normally retain title to the land and could
continue to use the property in ways that
would be compatible with the transmission
line.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
89.
Soils
Erosion control measures would be
implemented to prevent loss of soil.
Construction would be in conformance with
Western's Integrated Vegetation Management
Environmental Guidance Manual.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
90.
Soils
If wet areas cannot be avoided, Western
would use wide-track or balloon tire vehicles
and equipment and/or timber mats.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
91.
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Construction vehicle movement outside of the
ROW normally would be restricted to
approved access or public roads.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
92.
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Where feasible, all construction activities
would be rerouted around wet areas while
ensuring that the route does not cross
sensitive resource areas.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-23
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
Implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
Implementation
Monitoring
93.
Soils, Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Dewatering work for structure foundations or
earthwork operations adjacent to, or
encroaching on, streams or watercourses
would be conducted to prevent muddy water
and eroded materials from entering the
streams or watercourses.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
94.
Traffic
Prior to the start of construction. Western would
submit traffic control plans to all agencies with
jurisdiction of public roads that would be
affected by construction activities.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
95.
T raffic
Western would restrict all necessary lane
closures or obstructions on major roadways
associated with construction activities to off-
peak periods to mitigate traffic congestion and
delays.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
96.
Traffic
Western would ensure that roads or sidewalks
damaged by construction activities would be
properly restored to their preconstruction
condition.
At the
completion of
project
construction
At the
completion of
project
construction
WESTERN
WESTERN
97.
Visual
Resources
Transmission line construction design would
use monopoles whenever possible, rather
than lattice structures.
Prior to final
design
Prior to final
design
WESTERN
WESTERN
98.
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Applicable permits, agreements, and
certificates for construction in jurisdictional
waters or wetlands would be obtained, e.g.
from the USAGE or RWQCB, as needed.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
WESTERN
WESTERN
99.
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Culverts would be installed where needed to
avoid surface water impacts during
construction of transmission line structures. All
construction activities would be conducted in a
manner to avoid impacts to water flow.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
E-24
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Appendix E: Mitigation Monitoring Report Plan
Table E-1. Sacramento Area Voltage Support Project
Environmental Protection Measures and Monitoring Summary
•
implementation Duration
Monitoring Duration
Responsibility
EPM
Resource
Measure
One-time
Ongoing
One-time
Ongoing
implementation
Monitoring
100.
Water
Resources,
Wetlands
Runoff from the construction site would be
controlled and meet RWQCB storm water
requirements and the conditions of a
construction storm water discharge permit. A
storm water pollution prevention plan would
be prepared and implemented.
Prior to the
start of
construction
activities
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
101.
Wetlands
In areas where ground disturbance is
substantial or where recontouring is required,
vegetation restoration would occur.
Throughout
the project
construction
period
Throughout
the project
construction
period
WESTERN
WESTERN
CARB = California Air Resources Board
CDFG = Caiifornia Department of Fish and Game
EPM = Environmentai Protection Measures
EIR = Environmentai impact Report
EIS = Environmentai Impact Statement
MM = Mitigation Measure
NBHCP = Natomas Basin Habitat Conservation Pian
NMFS = National Marine Fisheries Service
NRHP = National Register of Historic Pieces
NOx = nitrogen oxides
PCCP = Piacer County Conservation Plan
PM|o = particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns in diameter
ROW = right-of-way
RWQCB = Regional Water Quality Control Board
SHPO = State Historic Preservation Office
USACE = U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
E-25
GLOSSARY
air basin
A defined area in which airborne pollutants tend
to circulate and mix.
alternating current (AC)
An electric current or voltage that reverses
direction of flow periodically, as contrasted to direct
current, and has alternately positive and negative
values. Most electricity used in the United States
today is alternating current.
ambient air quality
The normal or average prevailing quality of the
surrounding air in a given area in terms of the type
and amounts of various air pollutants present.
ambient noise level
The normal or average background noise level
(usually recorded in decibels) within a given area for
a certain period of time during the day.
ampere
A measure of electrical current flow.
area of potential effect
For cultural resources, the extent of land that
could be altered by the proposed action or an
alternative.
attainment area
A geographic region where the concentration of
a criteria air pollutant does not exceed national
ambient air quality standards.
balancing authority
A Balancing Authority is responsible for
balancing resources such as generation and energy
imports with load including operating reserves and
managing the transmission system within the
authority's boundaries in accordance with strict
reliability standards established by the North
American Electric Reliability Council (NERC)
Reliability Standards and the Western Electricity
Coordination Council (WECC). Balancing
Authorities exist throughout the nation's
interconnected transmission system and they work
cooperatively with each other. SMUD is one of five
Balancing Authorities in California.
cable
A conductor with insulation (single conductor
cable) or a combination of conductors insulated from
one another (multi-conductor cable). Cables up to
115 kV usually have solid-type insulation; cables
rated 230 kV and above are oil-filled. A fiber optic
cable consists of a bundle of glass or plastic threads,
each of which is capable of transmitting data.
California Endangered Species Act
The California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
Fish and Game Code §§ 2050 etseq. generally
parallels the main provisions of the Federal
Endangered Species Act and is administered by the
California Department of Fish and Game. CESA
prohibits the "taking" of listed species except as
otherwise provided in State law. Unlike its Federal
counterpart, CESA applies the take prohibitions to
species petitioned for listing (state candidates).
California Environmental Quality Act
The California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) (commencing with Public Resources Code
Section 21000) requires local and state governments
to consider the potential environmental effects of a
project before deciding whether to approve it.
CEQA's purpose is to disclose the potential impacts
of a project, suggest methods to minimize those
impacts, and discuss alternatives to the project so
that decisionmakers will have full information upon
which to base their decision.
California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB)
A program that inventories the status and
locations of rare plants and animals in California.
capacitor
Capacitor is an element used in electric power
systems that is described through its principal
function, which is to store electric energy. This
property is called capacitance. In its simplest form, a
capacitor is built with two conducting plates
separated by a dielectric. ^
capacity
The maximum load that a generator, piece of
equipment, substation, transmission line, or system
can carry under existing service conditions.
Sometimes used interchangeably with capability,
although not a synonym.
carbon monoxide (CO)
A colorless, odorless gas which is the product of
incomplete combustion when natural gas, oil, wood,
coal, or other materials rich in carbon are burned.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
GL-1
Glossary
Carbon monoxide interferes with the delivery of
oxygen throughout the body.
cascading
1) In a power system, the tendency of a local
line fault to trigger problems elsewhere on the
system and lead to a widespread power outage. 2) In
a transmission line, a succession of mechanical
failures along the line caused by one event such as a
broken insulator.
Central Valley Project (CVP)
A long-term general scheme for the use of the
water of the Sacramento River basin in the north for
the benefit of the farmlands of the San Joaquin
Valley in the south, undertaken by the U.S. Bureau
of Reclamation, starting in 1935.
circuit
A system of conductors through which an
electric current is intended to flow; sometimes
normally open paths that do not ordinarily conduct
in a network can also be considered part of a circuit.
double-circuit
To place two separate electrical circuits (for
alternating current, each circuit consists of three
separate conductors or bundles of conductors)
on the same transmission structures.
single-circuit
To place one electrical circuit that consists
of three separate conductors or bundles of
conductors on one tower.
City of Roseville
The city of Roseville (Roseville) is a load-
serving entity and electric utility in the greater
Sacramento area that serves approximately 50,000
electric customers in Placer County.
Clean Air Act (CAA)
1) A 1963 Federal law, amended several times
since, giving the Fgderal government powers to limit
air pollution. 2) A term loosely applied to the Air
Quality Act of 1967, which gave the Federal
government a stronger regulatory role. An especially
important effect was the development of standards
based on concentrations of pollutants in air. (42
U.S.C. §§ 7401-7671)
Clean Water Act {CWA)
A Federal law intended to restore and maintain
the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of
the nation's waters and secure water quality that
provides for the protection and propagation of fish.
shellfish, and wildlife, as well as for recreation in
and on the water. (33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387)
cultural resources
Any nonrenewable evidence of human
occupation or activity as seen in any district, site,
building, structure, artifact, ruin, object, work of art,
architecture, or natural feature that was important in
human history.
Community Separator
The Community Separator is an open-space area
used for creating community form and image, and a
sense of place, which provides clear separation
between communities, defines the transition between
urban and rural uses, and provides gateways that
define entrances to a city. A greenbelt is proposed
from the Sutter and Sacramento County lines to
approximately one mile south of the county lines to
separate Sutter County and Sacramento City's Urban
Reserve Area. The Urban Reserve is the area outside
of Sacramento City's Sphere of Influence in which
future development and extension of municipal
services are contemplated but not imminent.
conductor
I) Any metallic material, usually in the form of
wire, cable, or bar, suitable for carrying an electric
current. 2) The wire(s) strung between transmission
towers.
conservation
Synonymous with energy conservation, the
reduction of electric energy consumption because of
increases in the efficiency of production,
distribution, and end use.
contaminant
Any substance or matter that has an adverse
effect on air, water, or soil. Also see pollutant.
corona
A luminous electrical discharge due to the
ionization of the air surrounding a conductor caused
by a voltage gradient exceeding a certain critical
value. Can be seen as bluish tufts or streamers
surrounding the conductor or conductor hardware,
and generally a hissing sound can be heard.
Transmission-line corona varies with atmospheric
conditions and is more intense during wet weather.
cultural resource
Any nonrenewable evidence of human
occupation or activity as seen in any district, site,
building, structure, artifact, ruin, object, work of art.
GL-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Vi/estem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Glossary
architecture, or natural feature that was important in
human history.
current
1) In common usage, the flow of electric energy
when an appliance or machine is turned on. 2) In
technical sense, a term usually modified by an
adjective, such as direct current, referring to the rate
of electrical charge flowing through a conductor or
circuit as compared to voltage (volts), which is the
force or pressure that causes the current to flow;
current and ampere are often used interchangeably.
decibel (dB)
1) A unit used to describe the strength or
intensity of wave-propagated phenomena such as
sound or transmitted signals. Technically, a
logarithmic scale so used. 2) One dB equals the least
sound level detectable by the human ear, while 70
dB is equivalent to busy traffic and 150 dB is equal
to a nearby jet taking off.
deciduous
Plants that shed their leaves at the end of the
growing season.
deformed
Any change in the original form or volume of
rock masses produced by tectonic forces; folding,
faulting, and solid flow are common modes of
deformation. As an example, folding implies that a
structure that originally was planar, like a
sedimentary bed, has been bent. Horizontal or
vertical forces in the earth's crust may produce the
deformation. Another type of deformation can result
when large rock masses glide down an inclined
bedding plane, fault plane, or unconformity under
the force of gravity.
delineation
The process by which the edge of a wetland is
defined.
demand
1) In a consumer context, the amount of
electricity u«ed. 2) In a public utility context, the rate
at which electric energy is delivered to or by a
system over any designated period. Expressed in kW
or MW, or in kVA or MVA. 3) The amount of
electric energy, in kilowatts or megawatts, needed at
any given time to meet a customer's or total system
load.
demand-side management (DSM)
Reducing the load in a critical area of the
electrical distribution system. Traditionally, this
effort has included energy conservation measures
and pre-arranged means to reduce specific customer
load during times of high demand. Air-conditioning
cycling programs are an example of a pre-arranged
demand-side management tool. See load shedding.
Department of Energy
See U.S. Department of Energy.
dispatcher
1) Individual at a control center who monitor
and control a power system. 2) At Western,
dispatcher responsibilities include: operating the
automatic generation control equipment to regulate
the loading of the generators in the Federal power
plants to help maintain scheduled system frequency
and the scheduled power interchange with other
utilities; issuing electrical clearances on the Westem
system for safe maintenance and repair of
equipment; isolating system trouble and dispatching
of maintenance forces to repair facilities and restore
service; maintaining transmission voltage schedules.
distribution
The transport of electricity to ultimate use
points, such as homes and businesses, from a source
of generation or from one or more substations.
disturbance
Any occurrence that adversely affects normal
power flow in a system, including a fault or loss of
an interconnection carrying a large block of power.
double circuit
See circuit.
double-circuit structure
See structure configurations.
easement
The right, privilege, or interest obtained by a
negotiated contract or condemnation to construct,
maintain, and operate a right of way.
ecosystem
A community of organisms together with their
physical environment, viewed as a system of
interacting and interdependent relationships.
electric and magnetic fields (EMF)
Fields of force caused by electric voltage and
current around the electric wire or conductor when
an electric transmission line or any electrical wiring
is in operation. Magnetic fields exist only when
current is flowing. Electric fields are present in
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
GL-3
Glossary
electrical appliances and cords whenever they are
plugged in.
electricity
1) The common term used for electric power and
for electric energy (power designates the total
electricity delivered and energy designates what is
delivered over time). 2) A flow of electrons along a
conductor from an area of high electric potential to
an area of low potential and/or a waveform
component of the electromagnetic spectrum.
electromagnetic
Of or pertaining to the magnetic forces produced
in a surrounding medium by the flow of current in a
conductor, as used in this document, meaning
electric and magnetic fields.
emergent
A plant that is rooted below the water but has
foliage that extends above the water level.
endangered species
Under the Endangered Species Act animals,
birds, fish, plants, or other living organisms whose
existence is determined to be in danger throughout
all or a significant portion of its range because its
habitat is threatened with destruction, drastic
modification, or severe curtailment, or because of
overexploitation, disease, predation, or other factors.
Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed
in 1973. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) administer terrestrial, fresh water species,
and migratory birds, and the National Marine
Fisheries Service administer marine species. The
purpose of the ESA is to conserve the ecosystems
upon which threatened and endangered species
depend and to conserve and recover listed species.
(16U.S.C. §§ 1531-1599)
endemic
Native to, or belonging exclusively to, a certain
region or habitat.
environmental assessment (EA)
A document that evaluates the possible
environmental effects of a Federal agency's
proposed action and provides sufficient evidence to
determine whether an EIS or a finding of no
significant impact (FONSI) is warranted. An EA is
one means of compliance with NEPA.
environmental impact statement (EIS)
A document that examines the possible
environmental effects of a Federal agency's
proposed actions. A tool for decision-making, it
describes the positive and negative effects of
proposed actions and lists alternative actions.
Environmental protection measure (EPM)
Westem developed environmental protection
measures to reduce environmental consequences
associated with construction activities.
erosion
1) The wearing away of land surface by wind or
water that occurs naturally from weather or runoff
but can be intensified by land-clearing practices
related to such activities as farming, residential or
industrial development, road building, or timber-
cutting. 2) A material wear mechanism resulting
from suspended particles in a flow stream of water
or other fluid.
floodplain
The lowlands adjoining inland and coastal
waters. A relatively flat and flood-prone area.
forbs
A broad-leaved herb other than a grass,
especially one growing in a field, prairie, or
meadow.
gauss (G)
A unit used to measure magnetic field strength.
The intensity of the earth's magnetic field, near the
surface of the earth, is on the order of one-half
gauss.
generation
1) The act or process of producing electricity
from other forms of energy, such as hydro, coal-fired
steam turbines, or photovoltaic conversion systems. *
2) The amount of electrical energy produced.
generator
1) In a power plant, the machine that converts
mechanical energy to electrical energy. 2) A utility
that owns or acquires the output of a generating
resource.
grid
See transmission grid,
ground
A connection from electrical equipment to a
ground mat or to the earth, used to ensure that the
GL-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Glossary
equipment (housing or structure) would be at the
same potential (voltage) as the earth.
ground wire
A protective wire strung above the conductors
on a transmission line to shield the conductors from
lightning; also called shield wire or overhead ground
wire.
habitat
The place where a population (human, animal,
plant, or microorganism) lives and its surroundings,
both living and nonliving.
hazardous waste
The byproducts of society that can pose a
substantial or potential hazard to human health or the
environment when improperly managed. Possesses
at least one of the following characteristics:
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. See
also RCRA.
high voltage
Descriptive of transmission lines and electrical
equipment with voltage levels from 100 kV through
287 kV.
hydrophytes
A plant that grows completely or partly
submerged in the water, either rooted in the mud or
floating without anchorage.
impact
Direct or indirect changes in the existing
environment, whether beneficial or adverse,
resulting from a specific act or series of acts.
insulator
A device, made of nonconducting material, used
to give support to electrical conductors and shield
them from ground or other conductors. An insulator
inhibits the flow of current from the conductor to the
earth or another conductor.
intermittent creek
A creek that ceases to flow, and becomes dry
during peridds of the year.
kilovolt (kV)
One kilovolt equals 1,000 volts.
lacustrine
Living or growing in or along the edges of lakes
lattice
Descriptive of structures and substation
structures designed with skew as well as horizontal
and vertical members.
lichen
A plant type consisting of a symbiotic fungus
and algae, forming a crust-like, scaly growth found
on rocks and trees.
lithology
Origin, formation, mineral composition, and
classification of a rock or rock formation.
load
The amount of electric energy delivered or
required at any specified point or points on a system.
Load originates primarily at the energy-using
equipment of consumers, such as heaters, air
conditioners, lights, and motors.
load shedding
Cutting off the electric current on certain lines
when the demand becomes greater than the supply.
magnetic field
The invisible lines of magnetic force produced
by electric current flowing in a conductor, such as a
transmission line, service wires in a house, or
household appliances. Measured in terms of lines of
force per unit area with the measurement unit being
tesla (T) or gauss (G) (one tesla equals
10,000 gauss). Also see electric and magnetic fields.
mitigate
In environmental usage, to either reduce or
avoid an adverse environmental effect through
various measures that seeks to make the effect less
severe, less obvious, or more acceptable.
National Electric Safety Code (NESC)
Written standards, providing basic requirements
for the design, construction, maintenance, and ^
operation of electric supply and communication
lines, equipment, and supply stations in order to
safeguard persons from hazards associated with
those activities.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
A 1969 Federal law that requires evaluation of
the environmental impact of Federally funded
projects and programs. Generally requires an
environmental assessment and/or an environmental
impact statement be submitted to the Federal
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration - Sierra Nevada Region
GL-5
Glossary
government before a project can begin. (42 U.S.C.
§§4321-4370)
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
An agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce
that oversees ocean and river fish harvest limits and
determines which stocks are to be listed as
endangered or threatened under the Endangered
Species Act.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES)
A provision of the Clean Water Act that
prohibits discharge of pollutants into Waters of the
United States unless a special permit is issued by the
EPA, a state, or (where delegated) a tribal
govemment on an Indian reservation.
navigable waters
Defined by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, Section 502, as navigable waters, interstate
waters, interstate lakes, rivers, and streams that are
used for recreation and commercial fishing.
network
1) A system of interconnected circuit
components. 2) A system of transmission (or
distribution) lines interconnected and operated so
that any principal point has multiple sources of
power supply.
new transmission
Actions within an alternative that would require
construction of new transmission lines including
acquisition of new rights of way, placement of new
structures, construction of new access roads, and the
related activities that accompany the operation of a
power transmission line.
nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
A reddish-brown gas that forms during high
temperatures of combustion. Toxic at high
concentrations reacting with moisture in the air to
form nitric acid, which is highly corrosive to metals
A key ingredient in the formation of photochemical
smog and acid rain.
nonattainment area
A geographic area that does not meet one or
more national air quality standards.
outage
In a power system, a period—scheduled or
unexpected—during which the transmission of
power stops or a particular power-producing facility
ceases to provide generation.
overload
Operation of equipment in excess of its normal,
full load rating or operation of a conductor in excess
of ampacity, and if continued for a sufficient length
of time, would cause damage or overheating.
palustrine
Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or
swamp; marshy.
particulates
Airbome particles including dust, smoke, fumes,
mist, spray, and aerosols. Also see pollutant.
perennial
(Botany) A plant that lasts two seasons or more.
perennial creek
A creek that maintains water in its channel
throughout the year.
photochemical reaction
A chemical reaction produced by the action of
sunlight.
plasticity
Clay-like behavior of a soil when wet.
pollutant
A contaminant, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrous
oxide, hydrocarbons, radionuclides, carbon
monoxide, and lead, present in a concentration high
enough to cause adverse effects to health or the
environment.
pollution
The accumulation of wastes or byproducts of
human or natural activity that occurs when wastes or
byproducts are discharged faster than they can
degrade, assimilate, or disperse by natural processes.
power system
1) In general, a group of one or more generating
resources and connecting transmission lines operated
under common management or supervision to
supply load. 2) An entire interconnected electric
power transmission and distribution network
together with connected generating plants and loads.
prevention of significant deterioration (PSD)
increment
Upper limits criteria pollutant concentrations
allowed in clean air sheds. Established by the
Environmental Protection Agency to protect existing
air quality from being degraded significantly through
GL-6
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Glossary
new developments, such as construction and
operation of new air pollution sources.
prime farmland
Prime farmland meets all the criteria in the
USDA publications: Soil Taxonomy, Agriculture
Handbook 436; Soil Survey Manual, Agriculture
Handbook 18; Rainfall-Erosion Losses from
Cropland, Agriculture Handbook 282; Wind Erosion
Forces in the United States and Their Use in
Predicting Soil Loss, Agriculture Handbook 346;
and Saline and Alkali Soils, Agriculture Handbook
60.
radio interference (RI)
Impairment of the reception of a wanted radio
signal by an unwanted radio signal or disturbance,
usually expressed in microvolts. Usually the result
of partial electrical discharges (corona).
reactive organic gases (ROG)
Gaseous compounds made of carbon and
hydrogen (used interchangeably with VOC); react
with NOx in the presence of sunlight to produce
ozone (GARB reports data in terms of ROG).
realignment
Relocating an existing transmission line as part
of an overall strategy to optimize the use of an
existing right of way and allow for the possible use
of the right of way for another transmission line.
reconductoring
The process of installing larger or improved
conductors in place of existing conductors on
existing towers/structures. In some cases,
reconductoring incorporates changes to the existing
structures to provide the necessary structural
capability to support larger conductors.
record of decision (ROD)
The document notifying the public of a decision
taken by a Federal agency on a proposed action,
together with the reasons for the choices entering
into that decision.
reliability *
1) The measure of the ability of a power system
to provide uninterrupted service, even while that
system is under stress. 2) In a relay or relay system,
a measure of the degree of certainty of correct
performance. Denotes certainty of correct operation
together with assurance against incorrect operation
from all extraneous causes.
right of way (ROW)
An easement for a certain purpose over the land
of another, such as the strip of land used for a road,
electric transmission line, ditch, or pipeline. Western
usually acquires easements for its transmission lines,
roads, and other facilities such as guys and anchors.
Road rights of way are usually acquired in 6- or 15-
meter (20- or 50-foot) widths; for 230-kV
transmission lines, the width of the ROW is usually
125 feet.
riparian
Habitat or areas, usually adjacent to rivers,
streams, or lakes, where the vegetation and
microclimate are heavily influenced by water.
residual impact
A significant impact that when mitigated still
exceeds an established standard or threshold.
riprap
A loose assemblage of broken stones erected in
water or on soft ground as a foundation.
rolling blackouts
A rolling blackout occurs when a power
company turns off electricity to selected areas to
save power. The areas are selected using
sophisticated computer programs and models. The
blackouts are typically for one hour, then the power
is restored and another area is turned off. Hospitals,
airport control towers, police stations, and fire
departments are often exempt from these rolling
blackouts. These blackouts usually occur during
peak energy usage times, usually between 4 and 7
p.m. on weekdays, but can happen any time of day.
Blackouts may affect the same area more than once
a day, and may exceed an hour's duration.
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
SMUD is one of the greater Sacramento-area
transmission system owners and an electric utility that
serves approximately 565,000 electric customers in
Sacramento County and small portions of Placer and
Yolo counties.
scoping
For an environmental impact statement, the
process of defining the range of issues requiring
examination in studying the environmental effects of
a proposed action, generally including public
consultation with interested individuals and groups,
as well as with agencies with jurisdictions over parts
of the project area or resources in that area.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
GL-7
Glossary
shield wire
Used to provide protection to a conductor from
lightening strikes.
sink
A place in the environment where a compound
or material collects.
siting
To situate or locate on a site,
slough
A stagnant or slow moving area of water
connected to a larger body of water such as a marsh,
inlet, or backwater.
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
State plans approved by the EPA for
establishing, regulating, and enforcing air pollution
standards.
structure
A broad-base latticed steel support for line
conductors (as differentiated from a wood or steel
pole structure or line).
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
One of the gases composed of sulfur and oxygen
produced by the combustion of fuels containing
sulfur and a key ingredient in the formation of smog
and acid rain.
surface water
1) All water naturally open to the atmosphere,
such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, streams,
impoundments, seas, and estuaries. 2) Refers to all
springs, wells, or other collectors, which are directly
influenced by surface water.
swale
A low, sometimes, moist or marshy tract of land.
terrestrial
Living or growing on land; not aquatic: a
terrestrial plant or animal.
thermal rating
The temperature that can be withstood by an
object without losing structural or functional
integrity.
threatened species
As defined in the Endangered Species Act, those
species likely to become endangered within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant
portion of their range.
traditional cultural property
A property that is eligible for inclusion on the
National Register of Historic Places because of its
association with cultural practices or beliefs of a
living community that are important in maintaining
the continuing cultural identity of the Native
American community.
transformer
A device for transferring electrical energy from
one circuit to another by magnetic induction, usually
between circuits of different voltages. Consists of a
magnetic core on which there are two or more
windings. In power systems, most frequently used
for changing voltage levels.
transmission
The bulk transport of electricity from large
generation centers over significant distances to
interchanges with large industries and distribution
networks of utilities.
transmission grid
An interconnected network of transmission lines
including associated equipment for the transfer of
electric energy in bulk between points of supply and
points of demand.
transmission line
A high-voltage, extra-high-voltage, or ultra-
high-voltage power line used to carry electric power
efficiently over long distances.
tributary
A stream or river that flows into a larger stream
or river.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
The builder and now the owner-operator of
many of the Federal dams in the Sacramento and ,
San Joaquin River Basins (as well as elsewhere in
the U.S.).
U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BUM)
A Bureau within the DOI responsible for
managing public lands, including resources such as
timber, minerals, oil and gas, geothermal energy,
wildlife habitat, endangered species, recreation and
cultural values, and open space.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
A Bureau within the DOI responsible for
operating and maintaining dams and numerous water
resource projects in the western United States, for
such purposes as irrigation and power production.
GL-8
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Glossary
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
A Department established in 1977 by the
Department of Energy Organization Act to
consolidate the major Federal energy functions into
one cabinet-level department that would fomiulate a
comprehensive, balanced national energy policy.
Responsible for regulatory, research, and marketing
programs related to energy production and use.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Federal agency created in 1970 to permit
coordinated and effective govemmental action for
protecting the environment by the systematic
abatement and control of pollution by integrating
research, monitoring, standard setting, and
enforcement activities.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
An agency within the DOI responsible for
guiding conservation, development, and
management of U.S. fish and wildlife resources.
undeformed
The opposite of deformed. The rocks masses
have not been subject to structural forces or have
been relaxed on geologic materials that have been
previously stressed.
utility
A public or private organization created for the
purpose of selling or supplying for general public
use water, electric energy, telephone service, or
other items or services.
vernal pool
Ephemeral pools that dry up periodically,
typically holding water for only a few days to
months. Vemal pools are of particular concem
because human development has destroyed most of
the pools, and yet there are many endemic animal
and plant species found in these pools. Some of
these species are even listed as threatened or
endangered under the Endangered Species Act, and
others have been identified as species of concem by
state and federal officials. In addition, new species
are being identified as surveys of remaining pools
are completed.
volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Organic chemicals that have a high vapor
pressure and easily form vapors at normal
temperature and pressure. VOCs are primary
precursors to the formation of ground level ozone
and particulate matter in the atmosphere which are
the main ingredients of the air pollutant referred to
as smog. (EPA reports data in terms of VOC).
volt (V)
The unit of electromotive force, or voltage, that
if steadily applied to a circuit having a resistance of
one ohm will produce a current of one ampere.
voltage
The driving force that causes a current to flow in
an electric circuit. Voltage and volt are often used
interchangeably.
voltage sag
A momentary decrease of more than 10 percent
in voltage magnitude.
voltage support
Voltage support is provided by generators,
transmission systems, and equipment within the
system, designed to react during normal or
contingency operating conditions and sudden
changes in load and maintain the established power
grid voltage requirements. If there are insufficient or
ineffective voltage support devices in an area to
support high transmission loading during normal or
contingency operations, rotating blackouts could
result.
waste minimization
The reduction in volume or quantity of
hazardous waste by the entity responsible for
generating the waste.
watershed
The land area that drains into a stream or lake.
Western
See Westem Area Power Administration.
Western Area Power Administration (Western)
One of the DOE's four power marketing
agencies. Headquartered in Golden, Colorado, it^
service area includes 15 central and westem states.
wetlands
Areas that are inundated by surface water or
groundwater often enough to support vegetation or
aquatic life that requires saturated or seasonally
saturated soil conditions, such as swamps, bogs,
fens, marshes, and estuaries.
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Westem Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
GL-9
INDEX
Symbols
230-kV transmission line, l-I, 1-2, 3-1, 3-14, 3-15,
3-17, 3-18,4-35,4-38
A
abandonment, 3-27, 4-22
access road(s), 3-14, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-23,
3-24, 3-27, 3-28, 3-29, 4-2, 4-7, 4-9, 4-11, 4-20,
4-23,4-24, 4-29, 4-30, 4-31, 4-32, 4-45, 4-46,
4-48, 4-57, 4-72, 4.10-75,4-76, 4-79, 4-82, 4-84,
4-85,4-86,4-93, 4-101, 4-104,4-105, 4-109,
4-112,4-113,4-114, 4-115
adverse effect(s), 4-3, 4-11, 4-13, 4-30, 4-31, 4-32,
4-39,4-113,4-115
air quality, 3-23, 4-2, 4-3,4-5, 4-11, 4-41, 4-115, 8-4
Altemative Al, 3-17, 3-31, 4-4, 4-50, 4-52, 4-72
Altemative A2, 3-17, 3-31, 4-4, 4-50, 4-52
Altemative A3, 3-15, 3-17, 3-31, 4-4,4-50, 4-52,
4-72,4-113
Altemative A4, 3-17, 3-31, 4-4, 4-52, 4-113, 4-114
Altemative B, 3-17, 3-31, 4-4, 4-31, 4-32, 4-52,
4-113,4-114
Altemative C, 3-17, 3-22, 3-31, 3-35, 4-4, 4-9,4-10,
4-31,4-32, 4-52, 4-57, 4-99, 4-100, 4-113
Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS), 4-3
American River, 4-50, 4-82, 4-99, 5-2
area of potential effect (APE), 4-27, 4-29
B
bank swallow, 4-16, 4-23, 4-25, 4-26
biological resource(s), 4-12, 4-19, 4-23,4-26, 4-45,
4-115
burrowing owl, 3-26, 4-16, 4-17, 4-19, 4-22, 4-23,
4-25, 4-26
c
Califomia Department of Fish and Gam (CDFG),
3-26,3-27,3-36, 4-12, 4-21, 4-22, 4-23, 4-105,
9-2
Califomia Department of Health Services (DHS),
4-38, 9-2*
Califomia Energy Commission, 5-4, 8-6, 9-2
Califomia Environmental Quality (CEQ), 1-2, 5-1,
9-2, 9-8, 9-9
Califomia Public Utilities Commission (CPUC),
4-34, 9-2
carbon monoxide, 4-2
Central Valley Project (CYP), 1-1
Chinook salmon, 3-26, 4-21
circuit, 1-1, 1-2, 3-1, 3-14, 3-15, 3-17, 3-18, 4-35,
4-79
Clean Water Act (CWA), 4-100, 4-106, 4-111
comment period, 4.9-60
corona, 4-33, 4-38, 4-39
Critical Habitat, 4-12, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 4-23,
4.9-62, 9-8, 9-9
Cross Canal, 3-1, 3-14, 3-15, 3-24, 3-34, 4-15, 4-16,
4-17,4-18, 4-20, 4-23,4-24, 4-30, 4-31, 4-46,
4.9-62, 4-102, 4-103, 4-104, 4-105, 4-110, 4-111,
4-113, 5-2
cultural resource(s), 3-1, 3-27, 3-28, 3-31, 4-27,
4-28, 4-29, 4-31,4-32,4-41, 4-45, 4-78,4-115,
8-1,8-5
cumulative impact(s), 3-35, 4-11, 4-27, 4-40, 4-45,
4-49, 4-53, 4-55, 4-73,4-76, 4-79, 4-82, 4-86,
4-92, 4-100, 4-106,4-114, 5-1
Curry Creek, 4-17, 4-18, 4.9-61, 4.9-68, 4-102,
4-103,4-110, 4-111, 5-2
D
disturbance, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20, 3-23, 3-24, 3-25,
3-26, 3-27, 3-28, 3-30, 3-35, 3-36, 4-7, 4-13, 4-19,
4-20, 4-22, 4-23, 4-24, 4-25, 4-26, 4-30, 4-32,
4-46, 4-48, 4-49, 4-79, 4-82, 4-84, 4-85, 4-92,
4-101, 4-104, 4-105, 4-109, 4-110, 4-112, 4-113,
4-114, 4-115
E
electric and magnetic fields (EMF), 3-32, 4-32, 4-33,
4-34, 4-35, 4-36, 4-37, 4-38, 4-39, 4-40, 4-41,
4-45, 8-2, 9-4, 9-7
Elverta Substation, 1-1, 1-2, 3-1, 3-14, 3-15, 3-18,
4-46, 4-54, 4-87, 4-88, 4-93, 4-102, 4-104
emission, 3-23, 3-31, 4-2, 4-5, 4-8, 4-9,4-11, 8-4
Endangered Species Act (ESA), 3-23, 4-12, 4-19
Environmental Impact Statement, 1-1, 1-2, 3-1,
3-24, 3-28, 4-19, 4-31, 4-33, 4-88, 5-1, 8-4 •
environmental impact(s), 1-2, 3-17, 3-19, 4-43,4-45,
4-79, 5-1
environmental justice, 4-40, 4-45
environmental protection measure (EPM), 3-1, 3-20,
3-36, 4-35,4.10-75,4-99
erosion, 3-20, 3-22, 3-24, 3-26, 4-13, 4-20, 4-21,
4-26, 4-45, 4-49, 4-82, 4-83, 4-84, 4-85, 4-86,
4-101, 4-104, 4-105, 4-106, 4-109, 4-113
essential fish habitat, 4-12
excavation, 3-25, 3-36, 4-21, 4.10-75, 4-77, 4-78,
4-79, 4-85,4-109
Executive Order (EG), 4-27, 4-28, 4-45,4-106, 9-9
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
IN-1
Index
F
fairy shrimp, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-25
faults, 4-49, 4-52
Feather River, 3-14, 3-24, 4-4, 4-5, 4-10, 4-14, 4-15,
4-16, 4-20, 4-23, 4-24, 4-26, 4-30, 4-31, 4-45,
4-46, 4-49, 4-50, 4-57, 4.9-62, 4.9-66, 4-87, 4-93,
4-99, 4-102, 4-103, 4-104, 4-105, 4-109, 6-1, 9-3
Feather River Air Quality Management District, 4-4,
4-5,4-9, 4-10, 7-1,9-3
field survey(s), 4-16, 4-18, 4-28, 4-109, 8-5
floodplain(s), 4-15, 4-45, 4-46, 4-48, 4-49, 4-50,
4.9-58,4-102,4-109
fossil(s), 4-77, 4-79
freshwater, 3-24, 3-31, 4-13, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18,
4-20, 4-23, 4-26, 4-27, 4-109, 4-110, 4-111, 4-113
G
generation, 1-3, 3-23, 4-7, 4-73
geology, 4-45, 4-49, 4-50, 4-53, 8-2, 8-4
Giant garter snake, 3-25, 3-26, 4-20, 4-21
Gilsizer Slough, 4-15, 4-16, 4-24, 4-26, 4.9-62,
4-102,4-103, 4-105, 4-109, 4-113
grid, 4-31, 5-4
groundwater, 3-35, 4-49, 4-50, 4-52, 4-100, 4-101,
4-104, 4-105, 4-106, 4-109, 8-4
H
habitat type, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, 4-18, 4-23, 4-45,
4-106, 4-111
hazardous material(s), 3-32, 4-53, 4-54
health and safety, 3-28, 4-33, 4-41, 4-45, 4-53, 4-54,
4-55
hydroelectric power, 1-1
I
insulator, 3-20
irrigation, 1-1, 3-25, 3-26, 3-27, 3-35, 4-14, 4-15,
4.16, 4-17, 4-20, 4-21, 4-30, 4-31, 4-34, 4-35,
4-46, 4-56, 4.9-62,4-100, 4-101, 4-102, 4-104,
4-106
L
lacustrine, 3-24, 4-13, 4-14, 4-20, 4-50, 4-109, 4-111
land use, 3-18, 3-22, 3-26, 3-28, 3-29, 3-33, 4-11,
4-22, 4-26, 4-45, 4-54, 4-55, 4-56, 4-57, 4.9-60,
4.9-61, 4.9-62, 4-72, 4-73, 4-76, 4-79, 4-82, 4-83,
4-86, 4-114, 4-115,5-1
legenere, 3-25, 4-20, 4-25
M
minority population, 4-40, 4-41, 4-43, 4-45
N
National Electric Safety Code (NESC), 3-18
National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA),
1-2, 4-40,4-116, 5-1, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6, 9-8, 9-9
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), 3-28,
4-27,4-29, 4-30, 4-31
National Marine Fisheries Services (NOAA
Fisheries), 3-36, 4.9-62
National Registry of Historic Places (NRHP), 3-27,
4-31,4-46,4-104
Native American, 1-1, 4-27, 4-28, 4-115, 6-1, 7-3,
8-5, 9-8
Natomas East Main Drainage Canal, 4-15, 4-16,
4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-23,4-24, 4-30, 4-31, 4.9-62,
4-102, 4-111
Natomas Substation, 1-2, 3-1,3-15, 3-18, 4-4, 4-10,
4-12, 4-46, 4-78, 4-79,4-85, 4-88, 4-99
new transmission, 3-14, 3-15, 3-17, 3-18, 3-27, 4-31,
4-33, 4-34, 4-36, 4-38, 4-39, 4-46, 4-72, 4.10-75,
4-77, 4-82, 4-99, 4-104, 4-114, 4-115
nitrogen oxides (NOx), 3-23, 3-31, 3-36, 4-2, 4-3,
4-4, 4-5, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11, 4-33, 4-115
No Action, 3-16, 3-17, 3-31, 4-1, 4-11, 4-24, 4-26,
4-32, 4-39, 4-45, 4-48, 4-53, 4-55, 4-72,4-76,
4-78, 4-79, 4-82, 4-85,4-92, 4-100, 4-105, 4-112,
4-114, 4-116
noise/noise level(s), 3-29, 3-33, 4-30, 4-32, 4-33,
4-35, 4-36, 4-38, 4-41, 4-45, 4-55, 4-73, 4-74,
4.10-74, 4.10-75, 4-76, 4-77, 4-115, 8-4
North American Electric Reliability Council
(NERC), 1-3,2-1
Northwestern pond turtle, 3-26, 4-21
o
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), 4-54, 4-73
open space(s), 3-33, 4-15, 4-56,4-57, 4.9-60, 4.9-61,
4.9-62, 4.9-67, 4.9-68, 4.9-69, 4-93 ,
outage(s), 3-18
ozone (O3), 4-35, 4-90, 4-110, 5-3, 7-3
P
paleontological resource(s), 3-33, 4-77, 4-78, 4-79,
4-115, 8-6
particulate matter (PMio), 3-23, 3-31, 3-36, 4-2, 4-3,
4.4, 4.5,4.8,4-9, 4-10, 4-11
pasture, 4-13, 4-14, 4-17, 4-19, 4-72
permit/permitting, 3-27, 3-29, 3-30, 3-35, 4-20,
4.31, 4.56, 4-85, 4-100, 4-105, 4-111, 4-112,
4-113, 8-4
IN-2
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
Index
Placer County, 1-1, 3-23,4-4,4-5,4-7,4-8, 4-10,
4-23,4-57,4.9-61,4.9-68, 4-72,4.10-74,4-80,
4-84,4-86,4-87,4-88,4-89, 4-90, 5-3, 6-1, 7-2,
7-4, 9-1,9-4,9-9
Placer County Air Pollution Control District
(PCAPCD), 4-4, 4-5,4-9,4-10, 9-1
Pleasant Grove (city of), 1-1, 3-15,4-17,4-18,4-19,
4-25,4-30,4-31,4.9-62,4-88,4-90,4-92, 4-93,
4-99,4-102,4-103,4-110,4-111, 5-2, 5-3, 7-1,
7-4
Pleasant Grove Cemetery, 1-1,3-15
population growth, 4-11,4-45, 4-82,4-115
power system, 1-3, 2-1, 3-17, 3-22, 4-82,4-116, 8-1,
8-2
Preferred Alternative, 3-28,4-29,4-30,4-31,4-32,
4-79,4-105
Proposed Project, 4-53,4-86,4-89
public involvement, 1-2,4-1, 8-1, 8-2
Purpose and Need, 2-1, 3-17,4-1
R
raptor, 3-24, 3-27,4-20,4-22
realignment, 4-88
Record of Decision (ROD), 1-1, 3-1, 3-36
recreation, 3-33,4-57,4.9-61,4.9-66,4.9-67,4-92,
5-3
Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB),
3-30,3-36,4-82,4-85,4-100,4-105,4-112,4-113
residential area(s), 4-72
right-of-way (ROW), 3-1, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-18,
3-20,3-22, 3-24, 3-28, 3-29, 3-30, 3-31, 3-33,
3-36,4-2,4-9,4-12,4-15,4-17,4-18,4-19,4-20,
4-23,4-24,4-26,4-28,4-29,4-30,4-31,4-32,
4-33,4-34,4-35,4-36,4-39,4-45,4-46,4-48,
4-49,4-50,4-52,4-53,4-54,4-56,4-57,4.9-66,
4.9-68,4-72,4-73,4.10-75, 4-77,4-79,4-81,
4-84,4-85,4-100,4-101,4-102,4-104,4-105,
4-109,4-110,4-112, 4-113,4-114,4-115
riparian, 3-24, 3-25, 3-27, 3-36, 4-13,4-15, 4-16,
4-17,4-18,4-20,4-22,4-23,4-26,4-27,4-45,
4.9-64,4-104,4-105,4-109, 4-110,4-111, 8-4,
9-7
Roseville (city of), 1-1, 1-2,2-1, 3-15, 3-17, 3-22,
3-35,4-5,»4-18,4-29,4-31,4-32,4-55,4-57,
4.9-61,4.9-62,4.9-68,4.10-74,4-99,4-100,
4-114,4-115, 5-3, 5-4, 6-1, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-3, 9-5,
9-9
S
Sacramento Area voltage Support (SVS), 1-2,3-1,
4-4, 4-11,4-28,4-45,4-92, 6-1,7-1
Sacramento County, 1-1, 3-14, 4-5, 4-7,4-8,4-23,
4-26,4-50,4.9-60,4.9-61, 4.9-62, 4.9-66,4.9-67,
4.9-68,4.9-69, 4-72,4-73, 4-80, 4-82, 4-83, 4-84,
4-86,4-87,4-88, 4-90,4-101, 5-2, 6-1, 7-3, 7-4,
9-5, 9-6, 9-9
Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management
District (SMAQMD), 4-4,4-5,4-9,4-10, 7-1, 9-5
Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), 1-1,
1-2, 1-3,2-1, 3-1, 3-14, 3-15, 3-20, 3-22,4-1,
4-35,4-36,4-43,4-56,4.9-67,4-72,4-82,4-87,
4-88,4-92,4-93,4-115, 5-4, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 8-3
Segment 1,3-1, 3-5, 3-14, 3-15,4-9,4-15,4-24,
4-30,4-31,4-41, 4-43, 4-45, 4-46,4-50,4-52,
4-57,4.9-62, 4-84, 4-86,4-87, 4-91, 4-93, 4-102,
4-107,4-109,4-110, 4-113
Segment 2A1, 3-6, 3-14,4-16, 4-87,4-93, 4-110
Segment 2A2, 3-7, 3-14,4-16, 4-87,4-93, 4-110
Segment 2A3, 3-8, 3-14,4-16, 4-87,4-93, 4-110
Segment 2A4, 3-9, 3-14,4-16,4.9-60,4.9-61,4-87,
4-93,4-110
Segment 2A5, 3-10, 3-15,4-16,4-87,4-93
Segment 2B, 3-11, 3-15,4-17,4-30,4-46,4-88,
4-93,4-102,4-110
Segment 2C, 3-1, 3-12, 3-15, 3-22, 3-35,4-17,4-18,
4-29,4-30,4-39,4-46,4.9-61, 4.9-62, 4-86,4-88,
4-99,4-100,4-102,4-111
Segment 3, 3-1, 3-13, 3-15, 3-16, 3-20,4-9, 4-18,
4-19,4-24,4-29,4-30,4-41,4-43,4-45,4-46,
4-52,4.9-60,4.9-61, 4.9-62, 4-84,4-88, 4-99,
4-100,4-102,4-111,4-113
shield wire, 3-20, 3-22, 3-28,4-54,4-89
socioeconomics, 4-45,4-81,4-82
soils, 3-23, 3-29, 3-32,4-7,4-17,4-45,4-52,4-53,
4-54,4-56,4.9-64,4-78,4-82,4-83, 4-84,4-86,
4-106,4-109,4-111,4-113
special status species, 4-18
State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), 3-27,
3-28,4-27,4-29,4-30,4-31,4-32
steelhead, 3-26, 3-31,4-15,4-16,4-17,4-18, 4-19,
4-21,4-23,4-25,4-26,4.9-62
surface water, 3-28, 3-30, 3-35,3-36,4-13,4-48, ^
4-50,4-54,4-82,4-101,4-102,4-104,4-105,
4-109,4-112
Sutter County, 3-14, 3-15,4-5,4-7,4-8,4-23,
4.9-60,4.9-62,4.9-66,4.9-67,4.9-68, 4-72,4-73,
4-80,4-82,4-83,4-86,4-87,4-88, 4-89,4-90,
4-91,4-93, 5-4, 6-1, 7-2, 9-1,9-4, 9-6, 9-9
T
traditional cultural property, 3-31, 3-36,4-28,4-29,
4-30,4-31,4-32
traffic and transportation, 4-86,4-92
tricolored blackbird, 4-16,4-17,4-18,4-25
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Administration • Sierra Nevada Region
IN-3
Index
u
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE), 1-1, 3-28,
3-30, 3-36,4-48,4-100, 4-101,4-104, 4-105,
4-106, 4-109,4-112, 4-113, 9-6
U.S. Department of Energy, 1-1, 1-2, 4-35,4-39,
4-45,4-54, 4-106,4-116, 9-4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 4-2,
4-3,4-4,4-5,4-10,4-11,4-12, 4-40, 4-54, 4-73,
4-82,4-100,4-101,9-3,9-8
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS, 3-23, 3-24,
3-25, 3-26, 3-27, 3-36, 4-12, 4-14,4-19,4-20,
4-21,4-22,4-23,4-25,4-26,4-27,4-109,4-113,
9-6
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 4-12,4-15,4-28,
4-55,4-109, 9-4
Uniform Bu8ilding Code (UBC), 4-52
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property
Acquisition Policies Act, 3-18, 3-29,4-81, 9-8
United States Code (U.S.C.), 1-2,4-2,4-12,4-27,
4-28,4-100,4-106, 9-8
V
vernal pool, 3-24, 3-31, 3-36,4-13, 4-15,4-16,4-17,
4-18,4-19,4-20,4-24,4-25,4-26,4-27,4-102,
4-109,4-110,4-111,4-113
visual resource(s), 3-35, 4-92,4-99,4-100,4-114
volatile organic compounds (VOC), 3-31, 3-36,4-2,
4-4, 4-5
voltage support, 1-2, 1-3
w
water resources(s), 3-35,4-45,4-100,4-101,4-102,
4-104,4-105,4-106
Waters of the United States, 3-36, 4-100,4-115
watershed, 3-25, 4-13,4-14, 4-20,4-101
Westem Area Power Administration (Western), 1-1,
1-2, 1-3, 1-5,2-1, 3-1, 3-14, 3-17, 3-18, 3-20,
3-22,3-23,3-24, 3-25, 3-26, 3-27,3-28, 3-29,
3-30,3-35, 3-36, 4-1,4-2,4-5, 4-8,4-9,4-10,
4-11,4-16,4-17,4-18,4-19, 4-20,4-21,4-22,
4-23,4-24,4-26,4-27, 4-28, 4-29,4-30,4-31,
4-32,4-33,4-34,4-35, 4-36,4-38,4-39,4-40,
4-43,4-48,4-53,4-54,4-55,4-56,4-57,4-72,
4-74,4-78, 4-79,4-81,4-82,4-85,4-87,4-89,
4-91,4-92, 4-100,4-104, 4-105,4-106,4-109,
4-111, 4-112,4-113, 4-114, 4-116, 5-1, 5-4, 7-4,
8-1, 8-2, 9-2, 9-4, 9-5, 9-6, 9-7
Westem Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC),
1-3,2-1
Westem spadefoot toad, 3-25,4-20
Westem yellow-billed cuckoo, 4-21
wetland(s), 3-24, 3-36,4-12,4-13,4-20,4-26,4-27,
4-45,4.9-64,4-102,4-106,4-109, 4-110,4-111,
4-113, 8-4
IN-4
Sacramento Area Voltage Support Draft SEIS/EIR • Western Area Power Adnvnistration • Sierra Nevada Region
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