TANNER'S MAP H E 315 pnis CANALS AND RAIL ROADS OP PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CANALS AND RAII^ ROADS OP AND ITEW JERSEY, Comprehending NOTICES OF ALL THE MOST IMPORTANT WORKS OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT, IN THOSE STATES. —»«©««M— BY H. S. TANNER. PHILADELPHIA; PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, Noveheer, 1834. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1834, By H. S. Tanner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. LIBT^.Rr i**.'"f; * 'J r r Jil ^ . i I' - -J. Joseph ic William Kite, Printers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CANALS AND RAIL ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA CANALS AND RAIL ROADS. Viewing the Columbia Rail Road as only a link in the great chain of communication be¬ tween the Delaware and Ohio Rivers, I shall commence with a description of that work, and, proceeding westwardly, take up each division in regular succession. COLUMBIA RAIL ROAD, Commences at the intersection of Broad and Vine streets, in the city of Philadelphia, pro¬ ceeds nearly parallel with, and crosses the Schuylkill about two miles above the upper bridge. Passing the stream by a viaduct 984 feet in length, the road is conducted to the foot of an inclined plane, and thence pursues its western course through the counties of Philadelphia, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester and Lancaster, and the towns of Downingstown, Coatsville, Lancaster and Mount Pleasant, and enters Co¬ lumbia on the Susquehanna by an inclined plane 1720 feet in length. Here the road terminates 6 PENNSYLVANIA. at the outlet lock of the central division of the Pennsylvania Canal. The entire length of this work from its point of outset in Philadelphia, to its junction with the canal at Columbia, is 81.60 miles. The Columbia Rail Road attains its greatest altitude at Mine ridge, which is 555 feet above tide water in the Delaware, and 52 miles west from Philadelphia. Its general direction is nearly west, over a broken or uneven country, traversing in its course several hills having a mean elevation of about 400 feet, until it descends the valley of the Susquehanna and enters Colum¬ bia, which is elevated 237 feet above tide water. On the line there are 31 viaducts, the aggre¬ gate length of whose platforms is 7349 feet ; 73 stone culverts, 500 stone drains, and 18 bridges. Cost about $1,600,000. CENTRAL DIVISION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL. This division commences at Columbia, follows the east bank of the Susquehanna, and passes through the villages of Maytown, Bainbridge, and Falmouth; intersects the Union Canal at Middletown, where there is a side lock of three feet, connecting this division with the Union Canal. From Middletown it continues along the east bank of the Susquehanna, through High- spiretown and Harrisburg to Duncan's Island. At the head of this island the canal crosses the Susquehanna and enters the valley of the JunU PENNSYLVANIA. 7 ata, which it pursues mostly along its north or left side, and passing Millerstown, Mexico, Mif- flintown, Lewistown, Huntingdon and Peters¬ burg; and through the counties of Lancaster, Dauphin, Perry, Juniata and Huntingdon, ter¬ minates at Hollidaysburg. Length 17If miles ; course W. N. W. ; lock¬ age 747f feet; 40 feet wide at top, 28 at bot¬ tom, 4 feet deep ; 18 dams ; 33 aquaducts ; 111 locks, including guards—those between Colum¬ bia and Duncan's Island are each 90 by 17 feet, and those from Duncan's Island to Hollidays¬ burg, 90 by 15 feet in the chamber ; 15.83 miles of this canal consists of slack water navi¬ gation. ALLEGHENY PORTAGE RAIL ROAD. This work commences at the termination of the preceding, at Hollidaysburg, pursues a W. N. W. course to Blair's Gap, and thence turn¬ ing to the S. W. enters and passes along the valley of the Conemaugh to Johnstown, in Cam¬ bria county, having traversed in its course por¬ tions of Huntingdon, Bedford and Cambria counties. This road is connected with the cen¬ tral and western divisions of the Pennsylvania canal by two extensive basins, with which it communicates by slips and branch rail-ways. Length 36.69 miles; rise and fall 2570.29 feet, of which 2007.02 are overcome by planes of various inclinations, and 563.27 feet by grad¬ ing. With the exception of the ends, the grades never exceed 21.12 feet, and are generally be- 8 PENNSYLVANIA. tween 10 and 15 feet, per mile. Aggregate length of the bases of the inclined planes, 4.37 miles, and that of the graded portion of the road, 82.32 miles. There are 4 extensive via¬ ducts ; one over the Conemaugh at the Horse Shoe bend, one at the Ebensburg branch, one at the Mountain branch, and one across the Bea¬ ver Dam branch of the Juniata ; of culverts there are 72, and several bridges. Width of the road 25 feet exclusive of side drains. Distance between the rails, 4 feet ; between the tracks 5 feet, including the inner rail of each track. In its course from Hollidaysburg to Johnstown the road attains an elevation of 2491 feet above the Atlantic Ocean. At Johnstown the Portage Rail Road joins the Western Division of the Pennsylvania canal. WESTERN DIVISION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL. This link in the grand chain traverses the valleys of the Conemaugh, Kiskiminetas and Allegheny rivers, to its termination at Pittsburg. After leaving Johnstown, it passes the towns of Fairfield, Lockport, Blairsville, and Saltzburg in Indiana county. Warren and Leechburg in Armstrong, and, crossing the Allegheny above the mouth of the Kiskiminetas, enters Butler county, and thence along the right bank of the Allegheny (which is crossed by a splendid aque¬ duct) enters and passes through the city of Pittsburg, and terminates on the Monongahela river. Length 104 miles ; 40 feet wide at top, PENNSYLVANIA. 9 28 at bottom, 4 feet deep ; lockage 471 feet ; 64 locks (exclusive of four on a branch canal to the Allegheny) 90 by 15 feet within the cham¬ ber ; 10 dams; 21^ miles of the above canal consists of slackwater navigation ; 2 tunnels ; 16 aqueducts ; 64 culverts ; 39 waste wears ; 152 bridgi^s. Cost, $3,000,000, Entire length of the preceding canals and rail roads from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, 394¿ miles. Stationary distances from Philadelphia to Pittsburg. COMMENCING AT VINE AND BROAD STREET. No. 1. From Philadelphia to Wo, 81J miles. Fair Mount Wa¬ ter Works Lemon Hill Viaduct over Schuylkill R. Buck Tavern Spread Eavle Paoli Warren Valley Creek Downingtown Coatsville Buck Run Gap Tavern Mine Ridge Mill Creek Soudersburg Connestoga Cr. Lancaster Mt Pleasant .Columbia Colum- 1 i Ii Ii 3 8 11 5 16 4è 20è Ii 23 7 29 3 32 8 40 4i 44i 7 1 5 3 7 2 7 No. 2. From Columbia to Follidays- burg, i71| miles. ■ 81Î 3 84Î 6i 911 3i 94} 4} 99 3 102 6 108 5 113 'O 51 è 52i 57J eoè 671 6iil 761 4} Sl| Columbia as above g Marietta Bainbridge Falmouth Middletown Highspire Harrisburg Blue Mt.Gap Port Dauphin 21 1151 Duncan's Isl. 9 1241 ' Beelen's 51 130 5 135 Newport Lower aque¬ duct 6 141 Thorn psontown 5 146 Mexico 7 153 MIfflintown 4 157 Lewistown 14 171 Waynesburg 14 185 10 PENNSYLVANIA. From Philadelphia to Pittsburg,—continued. Waynesburg as above 185 ' Aughwick Falls Jack's Mt. Mill Creek 2 , Huntingdon ' Petersburg Alexandria Williamsburg 12 240 Frankstown lOJ 250J . HoUidaysburg 3 253^ 12 197 6 203 6 209 5 214 7 221 7 228 No. 3. From HoUidaysburg to Johns¬ town, by the Allegheny Portage Rail Road, 36J miles. HoUidaysburg, as above 253J Walker's Point IJ 255 In. Plane, No. 10 21 2571 In. Plane, No. 6 61 263f .Mountain Br. 9 2721 ba C0 i d. -J t Ebensburg Br. 3 275| . Staple Bend IQ 2851 f Johnstown 4J 2901 No. 4. From Johnstown to Pitts¬ burg, by the Western Divi¬ sion of the Pennsylvania Canal, 104 miles. Johnstown, as above 2901 f Laurel HiU 6| 297 Lockport 10 307 Chesnut Hill 5 312 Blairsville 8 320 Saltzburg 16 336 Saltworks 7 343 Warrenton 5 348 Leechburg 10 358 Aqueduct over Allegheny 3 361 Freeport 2 363 Logan's Ferry 13 376 Pine Creek ,12 388 I.Pittsburg 61 3941 SUSQUEHANNA DIVISION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL, Commences at the outlet lock on Duncan's Island, where it joins the Central Division, cross¬ es the north outlet of the Juniata, and enters Buffalo township in Perry county; thence it pursues nearly a due north course through Per¬ ry and Mifflin counties, along the right tenk of the Susquehanna in Union county, to the town PENNSYLVANIA. 11 of Northumberland, where it intersects the ca¬ nals which extend along the north and west branches of the Susquehanna. Length 39 miles ; cost of construction $1,039,256 ; 11 locks. WEST BRANCH CANAL, Leaves the Susquehanna division at Northum¬ berland, and passes along the left bank of the west branch of Susquehanna, through Northum¬ berland and Lycoming counties, to a point op¬ posite the mouth of Bald Eagle creek, near Dunnstown. Length, including several sec¬ tions of pool navigation, 65.76 miles ; lockage 121 feet; 19 guard and lift locks; 8 dams, varying from 4 to 10 feet in height; 4 aque¬ ducts; cost $927,378. NORTH BRANCH DIVISION. Commencing at the basin which unites the Susquehanna and West Branch divisions at Northumberland, this canal pursues a north¬ eastern course through Northumberland, Colum¬ bia and Luzerne counties, and by the towns of Danville, Bloomsburg, Berwick, &;c., and termi¬ nates in Wyoming valley, at a dam near Nanti- coke falls. Length, including 5 miles of pool navigation above Nanticoke dam, 60^ miles ; 40 feet wide at top, 28 at bottom, 4 feet deep ; 7 lift and one guard locks, each 17 by 90 feet within the chambers; rise 68.89 feet ; cost $1,096,178. An extension of this canal 14.98 miles, to the mouth of the Lackawana, is now in progress. 12 PENNSTLVANIA. Length 75.48 miles; pool navigation 13.91 miles ; one aqueduct, 5 locks ; rise 43 feet ; cost $220,594. DELAWARE DIVISION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL, Commences at Bristol in Bucks county, 18 miles above Philadelphia. On leaving the basin at Bristol, the canal passes in nearly a direct line to Morrisville, op¬ posite Trenton, leaving Tullytown on the right, and Tyburn on the left. On leaving Morrisville it pursues a course nearly at right angles with the section from Bristol to Morrisville. Following this direction, sometimes approaching within a short distance of, and then receding from the Delaware, it successively passes the towns of Yardleyville, Taylorsville, Brownsburg, New Hope, Lumberville, Smithville and Monroe, and terminates at Easton, where it unites with the Lehigh Company's works. Length 59,75 miles. Rise 170 feet. Cost $1,275,715. PITTSBURG AND ERIE CANAL. This canal is merely preparatory to a more extensive line of canals designed to connect Con- neaut lake in Crawford county with Lake Erie, and ultimately with the Ohio river at Pittsburg. Another section of this work is just completed : it extends from Newcastle in Mercer county, to the town of Beaver, on the Ohio, and is 24.75 miles in length. The improvement of French PENNSYLVANIA. 13 creek (25.70 miles in length) now in course of execution, will be completed in a few months. RECAPITULATION. Pennsylvania Canal, Central division 171.75 U <( Western " 104.00 CC ii Susquehanna " 39.00 u « West branch " 65.75 u u North branch " 75.48 a u Delaware " 59.75 it u Pittsburg and Erie* " 73.40 Total, canals 589.18 Columbia Rail Road 81.60 Allegheny Portage 36.69 Total, Rail Road 118.29 Canals, as above .589.18 Grand total of Pennsylvania state works 707.47 Canals and Rail Roads Constructed by Joint Stock Companies. CANALS. SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION. This work extends from the dam at Fair- mount, near Philadelphia, to Port Carbon in *This includes the French Creek feeder, and all the other improvements in that section of the state. 2 14 PENNSYLVANIA. Schuylkill county. It consists of a succession of canals and pools. The pool above Fairmouiit dam is entered by a short canal on the west side of the Schuylkill. This pool extends about six miles to Flat Rock. About IJ miles from Flat Rock dam, the Manayunk Canal leaves the last mentioned pool and rejoins the stream a short distance above the dam, and thus enters the second pool. This extends 4 miles to an incon¬ siderable canal, which connects it with the pool above. Three miles farther, another small ca¬ nal conducts into the pool above Norristown, in Montgomery county, thence the stream is as¬ cended by several short canals and pools, to the commencement of the " Oaks Canal," 85 miles in length. The Oaks Canal commences half a mile above the outlet of Perkiomen creek, and extends along the north or left bank of the Schuylkill, to a dam about one mile above Phe- nixville, in Chester county, where it enters the river. The pool formed by the dam just men¬ tioned, extends to the outlet of the Vincent Ca¬ nal, nearly five miles in length. About 1 mile above the termination of the Vincent Canal, commences the Girard Canal, one of the most extensive in the series. It is 22 miles in length, and extends along the right bank of the Schuyl¬ kill, from Pigeon creek five miles below Read¬ ing in Berks county. In the space between that point and Reading there are two dams and a small canal, which is connected with that passing through Reading, where the Union Canal intersects the Schuylkill Company's PENNSYLVANIA. 15 works. The latter canal enters the Schuylkill a short distance above Reading, and is on the left bank of the stream. With the exception of the Hamburg Canal, ten miles in length, and another of three miles, the distance from Read¬ ing to Hamburg is traversed by a succession of short canals, mostly on the left bank of the Schuylkill : this is also the case from Hamburg to Port Carbon, where the navigation ceases. This work opens a direct communication be¬ tween Philadelphia and the anthracite coal re¬ gion, in Schuylkill county, whence immense quantities of it are transported to Philadelphia and other cities of the union. Length of canals 58, and of pools 50 miles. Entire length from Fair Mount to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Canals 36 feet wide at top, 22 at bottom, 3 feet 6 inches deep ; 129 locks, each 80 by 17 feet ; 34 dams ; 1 tunnel, 385 feet in length ; rise 610 feet ; cost $2,500,176. Stationary distances from . Fish House | Viaduct Col. R. R. IJ 2 Canal at Falls 2 4 Wissahiccon Creek 1 5 Manyunk 2 7 Flat Rock 1 8 Soap Stone Quarry IJ 91 Ferry, Spring Mills IJ 11 Dam at Gulf Creek li 12 J Norristown 16 Perkiomen Cr. 8J 24J Fhœnixville 3J 28 Pottstown 15 43 ir Mount to Port Carbon. Unionville 3 46 Birdsboro 6 52 Reading 12 64 Maiden Creek 11 75 Hamburg 12 87 Port Clinton 4 91 Bear Creek 5 96 Tunnel 2 98 Schuylldll Haven 3i lOtè Tumbling Run 3i 105 5Iount Carbon è 105i Pottsville è 106 Port Carbon 2 108 16 PENNSYLVANIA. UNION CANAL, Extends from a point a short distance below Reading, to Middletown, on the Susquehanna, and passes through the counties of Berks, Leba¬ non and Dauphin. If the pool near Reading be regarded as a part of the Union canal, that work commences about 3 miles below Reading on the west bank of the Schuylkill, and running nearly due north enters the valley of Tulpehocken creek ; following that stream chiefly along its left bank, the canal gradually ascends to the summit, a dis¬ tance of 41.29 miles. The summit level is 6.97 miles, and the western section, including f of a mile of towing path, along the right bank of the Swatara, is 33.80 miles in length, making the en¬ tire length of the Union Canal, 82.08 miles. Course W. S.W. Summit at Lebanon, 498| feet above tide water ; ascent 311, descent 2081 ; total lockage 519^ feet ; 36 feet wide at top, 24 at bot¬ tom, 4 feet deep ; 93 lift and 2 guard locks, each 75 by 8J feet ; 43 waste wears ; 49 culverts ; 135 bridges ; 14 aqueducts ; 1 tunnel, 729 feet in length. A navigable feeder from the Swatara, 6.75 miles long, and a pool formed by a dam at the head of the feeder, have also been constructed by the Union Canal Company. This improve¬ ment aflbrds a navigable communication from the main trunk of the Union Canal to Pine Grove, a distance of 23 miles, in a north-east direction. From Pine Grove the company have laida rail road through a gap in the Sharp Mountain, 4 miles in length, to the coal mines. FENNSYtVANIA. 17 LEHIGH NAVIGATION. The Lehigh works, like those on the Schuyl¬ kill, consist of several canals and slack water pools ; of the former there are eight, having an aggregate length of 36.75 miles, and of the lat¬ ter, 7 in number, ten miles. These works ex¬ tend from Easton to Mauch Chunk, in North¬ ampton county. The improvements on the Le¬ high above Mauch Chunk are designed for a de¬ scending navigation only. Leaving the Lehigh immediately south of Easton, the line is conducted by locks, into the first canal, on the right bank of the river. About 4 miles above its point of outset, this sec¬ tion of the canal terminates at a dam one fourth mile below Smith's Island, and the pool thus formed, is entered. This pool is about two miles in extent. At a distance of 6 miles from Easton, commences the most extensive section of canal. It leaves the river one mile below Jack's mill, passes along the north or left bank, through'Bethlehem, and re-enters the Lehigh at a dam not far from Allentown, in Lehigh county, thence by the river miles, thence by canal to a dam, 3 miles, thence to river f mile, thence by canal to a dam 4^ miles, thence by the river 1^, thence by canal 1 mile to a dam, thence by the river 2^ miles, thence by the ca¬ nal 3^ miles to the Lehigh water gap. Here the canal passes the great Blue Mountain, and enters the coal region. From the termination of the 2# 18 PENNSYLVANIA. last mentioned canal, the river is used for one mile to a dam at the mouth of the Aquanshicola creek, then occurs a canal 4^ miles long to a dam, thence by the stream one mile, and then is entered the last section of canal, 6 miles in length, which terminates at Mauch Chunk. This important work is completed by a rail road extending from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles distant. Length of canals and pools, 46.75 miles. Course N. W ; 60 feet wide at top, 45 at bottom, 5 feet deep ; 54 locks, each 100 by 22 feet ; 9 dams ; ascent, 364 feet. Sum¬ mit at Mauch Chunk 529 feet above tide water. Cost $1,558,000. Stationary distaneeg from Altitude of towns, ifc. on the Easton to Mauch Chunk, Lehigh Navigation, Miles. Feet above tide. Smith's Island 4 Level of dam at Easton 165 Jack's Mill 4 8 Jack's Mill 215 Bethlehem 4 12 Bethlehem 235 Allentuwn bridge 5 17 Allentown Br. 245 Diley's Creek Beil's Creek 3 20 Diley's Cr. 265 2è 221 Biels 290 Lerch 2è 25 Lerch 300 Berlin 3 28 Berlin 313 Basin 3 31 Basin 345 Kuntz 2 33 Kuntz 369 Craigs' Cr. 3 36 Craig's Cr. 390 Bowmans 3 39 Bowmans 425 Big Creek 1 40 Big Creek 435 Fort Allen 2i 42è Fort Allen 470 Lehighton i 43 Lehighton 475 Falls of Lehigh 1 44 Falls of Lehigh 485 Beaver Creek 1 45 Beaver Creek 500 Manch Chunk lî 46J Mauch Chunk 529 PENNSYLVANIA. 19 LACKAWAXEN CANAL. That portion of the Hudson and Delaware ca« nal which follows the valley of the Lackawaxen creek, in Pennsylvania, and sometimes called the Lackawaxen canal, commences at M'Carty's point on the Delaware, passes through Pike and Wayne counties, and up the Lackawaxen valley toHonesdale in the latter county, where it unites with the rail road leading to Carbondale coal mines. Length 25 miles ; course W. N. W. ; width varies from 32 to 36 feet at top, and 4 feet deep ; 37 locks, each 76 by 9 feet. Sum¬ mit at Honesdale 1000 feet above tide water. Cost, including rail road $2,000,000. For Rail Road see page 38. CONESTOGA NAVIGATION, Consists of dams and locks. It commences at Reigarl's landing in the city of Lancaster, and terminates at Safe Harbour on the Susquehanna. Length 18 miles. Course S. W. 9 locks, each 100 by 22 feet ; 9 dams ; descent 62. CODORUS NAVIGATION. Is similar to the preceding, the improvement having been effected by means of canals and pools. It extends from York to the Susquehan¬ na river and consists of 8 miles of slack water pools, and 3 of canals; length 11 miles; course N. E. ; 9 locks. 20 PENNSYLVANIA. WEST FmtADELPmA CANAL, Is a small canal now constructing around the western abutment of the bridge over Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. RECAPITULATION. Schuylkill Navigation . Union Canal Lehigh Navigation Lackawaxen Canal Connestoga Navigation . Codorus " West Philadelphia Canal Total, State Canals, as above . Grand total of canals in Penn¬ sylvania RAIL ROADS. COLUMBIA RAIL ROA See page 5. ALLEGHENY PORTAGE RAIL ROAD. See page 7. MAUCH CHUNK RAIL ROAD, Extends from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles, exclusive of branches which are nearly Miles. 108.00 82.08 36.75 25.00 18.00 11.00 00 08 280.91 . 589.18 870.09 MNNSYLVAJflA. 21 5 miles in length ; constructed in 1827 ; eleva¬ tion of the mines above the Lehigh, 936 feet. ROOM RUN RAIL ROAD, Extends from Manch Chunk to the coal mines on Room Run. Length 5.26 miles. MOUNT CARBON RAIL ROAD, Commences at the lower landings of Mount Carbon, passes through Pottsville, and thence up the valley of Norwegian creek. Length, in¬ cluding two branches, 7.24 miles. SCHUYLKILL VALLEY RAIL ROAD, Extends from Port Carbon, where the Schuyl¬ kill navigation terminates, and follows the valley of the Schuylkill to Tuscorora. Length 10 miles. It has 20 branches extending from this road in various directions, the aggregate length of which is 15 miles. Cost of main line $5,500 per mile. SCHUYLKILL RAIL ROAD, Thirteen miles in length ; cost $7,000 per mile. MILL CREEK RAIL ROAD, From Port Carbon to the coal mines near Mill Creek. Length of main line 4, and of branches 3 miles ; cost $20,000. MINE HILL AND SCHUYLKILL HAVEN RAIL ROAD, Commences at Schuylkill Haven, extends 22 PENNSYLVANIA. along the west branch of Schuylkill, through Mine Hill gap, and terminates at the coal mines in lhat vicinity. Length, including two branch¬ es, 20 miles ; cost $160,000. PINE GROVE RAIL ROAD, From Pine Grove in Schuylkill county to the coal mines, 4 miles above. LITTLE SCHUYLKILL RAIL ROAD, Commences at Port Clinton, and extends to the mines at Tamaqua ; length 23 miles. An extension of this road from Port Clinton to Reading is proposed, and surveys fixing its route, have been made by Mr. Robinson. The line will commence at the lower coal shutes at Port Clinton, pass along the right bank of the Schuylkill, and by a tunnel, 620 yards long, through the Pulpit Rock Hill, thence to a point near the mouth of Mill creek, thence over Irish creek. A few miles below the latter creek, the road will leave the valley of the Schuylkill and pass near the Pennsylvania Farmer (tavern), then verging towards the Schuylkill, that river will be crossed about a third of a mile above the Peacock locks of the Schuylkill Navigation, and thence into the borough of Reading. Entire length 19.75 miles. Estimated cost $746,880. LACKAWAXEN RAIL ROAD, Commences at the termination of the Lacka- PENNSYLVANIA. 23 waxen canal at Honesdale, and extends to the coal mines at Carbondale on the Lackawana river ; length 16^ miles ; 5 inclined planes, which surmount an elevation of 800 feet on the Moosic mountain ; cost $100,000. WEST CHESTER RAIL ROAD, Connects the Columbia rail road with the vil¬ lage of West Chester; constructed in 1832; length 9 miles ; cost $90,000. PHILADELPHIA, GERMANTOWN AND NORRISTOWN RAIL ROAD. About 7 miles of this road from Philadelphia to Germantown, are completed. A new route to Norristown has been adopted. It leaves the original line, about 3 miles from Philadelphia, passes in a north-west direction, and enters the valley of the Schuylkill, which it follows to Nor¬ ristown, passing through Manayunk. The new section is now in progress. LYKENS VALLEY RAIL ROAD, Extends from the Broad Mountain through • Bear Creek gap, and thence on the north side of Berry's Mountain to Millersburg on the Susque¬ hanna, in Dauphin county. PHILADELPHIA AND TRENTON RAIL ROAD, Commences at Philadelphia, passes through or near the towns of Frankford, Bristol, Tully- ,, town, &c. and terminates at Morrisville, oppo- 24 PENNSYLVANIA. site Trenton; length 26.25 miles. A single track of this road is now in use. CENTRAL RAIL ROAD, Commences at a point 2^ miles N. W. of Pottsville, passes into and along the valley of Mill Creek until it reaches the first summit on the Broad Mountain. Thence it proceeds and gains the summit between the Mahony and Shamokin creeks, and terminates at Sunbury on the Susquehanna; length 44.54 miles. A branch 7 miles long, leaves the main line and extends to Danville ; entire length 51.54 miles. The eastern section of this road was opened for use on the 24th of September, 1834. On this section there are 1 large, and 4 inferior in¬ clined planes. The former, in Mahoney valley, is 1650 feet in length, and overcomes an eleva¬ tion of 345 feet, and the 4 latter 700 feet. The coal tunnel on the Girard estate, which opens a communication between the Mahoney and Shenandoah valleys, is 2500 feet long. The western section is rapidly advancing to¬ wards completion. OXFORD RAIL ROAD, (Now in progress,) leaves the Columbia Rail Road about 40 miles west from Philadelphia ; passes through Oxford and along the valley of Octararo, and joins the Susquehanna Rail Road at the state line. (See Maryland.) PENNSYLVANIA. 25 PiniiADELPHIA AND READING RAIL ROAD, Is designed as a connecting link in the great line of communication by rail roads between Philadelphia and the anthracite coal region of Schuylkill county. Surveys and estimates of cost of the proposed road, have been made by Mr. Robinson, by which its entire practicability is established. The line, as recommended, commences at the termination of the proposed Reading and Port Clinton Rail Road, thence along the side of Neversink mountain, beyond which it leaves the river for a short distance, and then again re¬ sumes the bank and traverses a course towards the head of the Girard Canal, a section of the Schuylkill navigation, thence to the Red Shell Bluffs, opposite Baumstown. Passing again over the river flats, it crosses the Monocacy creek, and thence,near Molattin run, to Douglas- ville. Pursuing its south-eastern course, over the turnpike, intersecting the boundary between Montgomery and Berks counties, it passes over the high table land above Pottstown, which is entered after crossing the Manatowney creek. From Pottstown the line is conducted by a straight course to a bend in the river, and thence over Sprogle's run and Sanatoga and Mingo creeks, it crosses the Schuylkill about 300 yards above Black Rock, near the Vincent canal, and thence through a tunnel 1969 feet in length, it reaches Phoenixville. Curving here to the left, the line passes along the Chester county canal to 3 26 PENNSYLVANIA. its termination, crossing French creek ; thence over Pickering's creek and along the river bank it reaches the vicinity of Pawling's Bridge, where the grade commences descending towards Valley creek, which is crossed. At a farther distance of a few miles the line enters Norris- town, beyond which an experimental line only has been run. Two other lines for a portion of the above road have been suggested by the engineer, with a view to discover a more eligible route. Entire length of the proposed road from Read¬ ing to Norristown, 40.44 miles. Estimated cost $947,425. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CANALS AND RAIL ROADS OF NEW JERSEY. DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL. Delaware and Raritan Canal, commences at Bordentown and extends through Trenton, and along the valley of the Millstone and Raritan to New Brunswick, forming, in connexion with the Delaware and Raritan rivers and Staten Island sound, a complete inland water communi¬ cation between the cities of Philadelphia and New York. Length of canal, 43 miles; 75 feet wide, and seven feet deep, and will admit vessels of 100 tons ; 14 locks, 2 towing paths. Commenc¬ ed in 1831, and completed in May, 1834. A navigable feeder, 24 miles long, has been constructed along the east bank of the Dela¬ ware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Trenton. MORRIS CANAL. The Morris Canal commences at Jersey City, 28 NEW JEBSEY. opposite New York, pursues a circuitous route through the Bergeu marshes, and crossing the Hackensack and Passaic rivers a short distance above their discharge into Newark Bay, enters the flourishing town of Newark. Here the ca¬ nal assumes a course nearly north, which it maintains to Paterson, passing the village of Bloomfleld. After leaving Paterson, its course is nearly south-west to the Little Falls of Passa¬ ic, where it crosses that river, and thence pur¬ sues a more western direction, through the little town of Powerville into Rockaway valley ; still continuing its western course along the valley of the Rockaway, until it enters the township of Roxbury, it ascends the summit level two miles north-west from Drakesville. From the summit at Hopatcong pond, the canal is carried along the left bank of Musconetcong river, which it crosses one and a half miles south-west from Andover Forge; thence assuming a south-west direction, it passes near the villages of Hackets- town, Beatystown, Anderson, Mansfield, Broad¬ way, and New Village, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillipsburg, opposite Easton. General course from New York to Easton, west : length, 101 miles ; ascent, 915, descent, 754 feet ; total rise and fall, 1669 feet ; overcome by locks and inclined planes. Elevation of Easton 161, and summit level 915 feet above the Atlan-* tic; 32 feet wide at top; 18 at bottom; 4 feet deep. Rise and fall 1657 feet, of which 223 ieet are overcome by 24 locks, and 1334 feet by NEW JERSEY. 29 23 inclined planes ; 4 guard locks ; 5 dams; 30 culverts ; 12 aqueducts ; 200 bridges. Cost $1,200,000. SAEEM CANAL, Extends from Salem creek to the Delaware ; designed to shorten the distance from the upper parts of Salem county to Philadelphia. Length 4 miles. WASHINGTON CANAL, Cuts off a considerable bend in Manolapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washing¬ ton to the Raritan river. Length 1 mile. MANASQUAN AND BARNEGAT CANAL. (Proposed.) CAMDEN AND AMBOV RAIL ROAD, Commences at Camden, opposite Philadelphia; thence, crossing Cooper's creek, it follows, gen¬ erally, the east bank of the Delaware. Six miles from Camden the road crosses Pensaukin creek ; and six miles farther it crosses Raneo- cus by a substantial viaduct. The road hence to Burlington, (6 miles) is perfectly straight, and from Burlington to Bordentown, a further distance of ten miles, it is nearly so. The general direction of the road from Bor- 30 NEW JEBSET. dentown to South Amboy, its point of termina* tion, is nearly north-east. At a distance of 2^ miles from Bordentown, the road passes Cross- wicks creek ; 7 miles farther it enters the vil¬ lage of Centreville ; thence to Hightstown 4 miles ; thence, by nearly a direct course, to Spotswood 11 miles. About one mile beyond the latter place, the road recrosses the turnpike, and passes Herbertsville 2 miles from Spotts¬ wood. At a farther distance of 7 miles this im¬ portant work terminates at the long wharf in South Amboy. Length from Camden to Bor¬ dentown 27è miles, and thence to South Amboy 33;. Total length from Camden to South Am¬ boy 61 miles. PATERSON AND HUDSON RIVER RAIL ROAD, Extends from Jersey City opposite New York to Paterson on the Passaic. Length 16.30 miles. It is proposed to extend this road to the Morris Canal. NEW JERSEY RAIL ROAD, Commences on the last mentioned rail road, about two miles from Jersey City, crosses the Passaic, and passes through the eastern suburbs of Newark ; thence through Elizabethtown, Bridgetown, and Matouchin, to New Brunswick. The road after leaving Newark runs parallel with and near to the turnpike leading to New Brunswick. Length 28 miles. NEW JERSET. 31 Companies have been incorporated for con¬ structing rail roads—1. From Eiizabethtown to Somerville. 2. From some point on the Cam¬ den and Amboy Rail Road, or on the river Del- ware, to Salem county. 3. From a point on the Delaware above PaulinsKill, to the Hudson riv¬ er. The aggregate capital of these companies amounts to $1,900,000, which may be extended to $4,000,000. ¡¡¡¡•¡y/yt! . V ./ ''////v/yy/ iii¡ p.KttUPU'J 'A ^''WU r->h^rj Uf \r^uum'S"nJ>/í in yOjihi.*} n* fjrpnviJairo'| \1.)1A\H.),>.1;) IUO.1 \U 11111111111 1111111111111111 ©-■ - — -•« .«v/yy ui// /hittfv f^Ktfou xa» x.tapi mau v^juaj-^tp ' '*^ITÏÇ ' 'J-äoo'.) tu>is.>|juij ), AttpiMlUlt» ) S a iTj,^ irr .i-L c. rur.y ^/vz/A' '* ,.rr. = ««,,,e SpVOiJ /'»yOt/iUJ yp,n,y ¡n,^f III yp'in»} p.>tv¡ihti.>iu<»j ys?ji>j.tif in.i.t p-yf^duh*.» S'¡vm>) ■Ui'jíh/n/yoíl uhw fxnnuytp xtp.i^dy.u .lUip .'in^y ji/f ¡u y.wiih/ .nil 'pnnip? ^nny -np nuw .».ntmyip y/i .»/>n/jp UHiti /wai'O //•>?».» .//VM y.v/M»// .»j/j; yit.HOi />•<»/ .un o • f/n/t -.Ktfu.».» xf/f tn ;«>/» n in/nin/ .ff jip/tf,/ .'ávpi¡o& T 'tnpMlJlJO .».my V.HOJ. .UAMO.) • i. fnauup .>juvil TKLWrj HLEVXW ^ ix-viCLVicixiy: nupntKi'pi' i.l^iUUIAVJl ixtih¡pt>i{' JA/f/y ;u: ^^Jv-r^Tv sarxvis ojaxi .IXV'AO oroY üHx aí£¥ •»/ 'W3 XI Piyt-'"}! .»¡¿UUfU.' tpvJU .uaADii t:uu*nnf[ tpuj f,ui*y.tf/ ÍÍ1 ai«oivu*.H>M*^ 1 y.nuif Wiyiiyif ^ I lypQ upiyyir^f j IH-nyyaJj yyjni yn}Ln>}\- /UiW.) yj^ppif :l ixnuy •/.t/'.vy/ ' KS7v»0'-> .»/t/v .U.II'IJ jjfní.<Áuin¡fi^ vöiffOfiT -■.^unhihi -i ioi • „"X \ iniy>fi »!«'•"»''i '""'/■mm P'uvpM/tunj ... '/A«-/»;.«- JOJUirjI np*niN\ * Vaàw/ y-'i'i'ni ii't}vin>n .Tpsyjti*»^ •<Í5Í^ -S ik, V-'^j y/x///.i7®W"//). V'r-'V »-yus.*: linvt'fl^lC fi il fu.y.r^ i< y V ouMcV ikumA -c i»îAy .¡uipu.'-f i ^sx»niM»v-*q""vv ÏT^ -•^''zçÎM^'ûHo<-) 'Ví'í/W.A- ,A_ í • / 't-.r » 75\ / ■^WK'/Ayt" Çu»qvi| ^•'^vti:/,í|yí V, . fií.mn-K|*_nv .»l'vjM^uyu't- .»Zf'jtûli .ij.uñfí^ '7>"i7r 7 /¿t/.'/i// /u»i.iy}pîî^ vZñflívws, y (/.»XV-'A'iï"/ '*• '' ■i/nuf,*^ .lî/ôfimJV; }/;Î5λ&^A;VA> 7"«V/' tuwyyywz'.li jUM>V í•Vz/i ,n> í//»yMiíi';r î'U'.V inu-'/d', 'MJIASJIUI -» :h; I •.ii\riavi> «S à?® -Vf • ¿s g^i jou«. •iy'zï'V 7 ■' w j If--. A ""i t ~"V ^^7".. aW^í'-''X'5S5^ t'u/iiin k- *■ ' ' ■vWV .>/*A»///«/ßA//»fl' ■J,i}/^>/.lV W.UAjAyt- í/zn.»íaí^t"-(» - I/a7//»I/;/V JÎIA'AA' i.'ll.'J."» 'J',i,>}hiy< .•//.">A«i'i\j ^Ríñuvm \\.>UUHÏ Í3 juifT ^mi"lly í;».>tiuí;,\p^ xn!i"pq •y 'TÎuthi ^u/»í/íu-7/y«,»y ií»íc»7 «, 36^^ / jy-XV-yJ^ w/.'YV/j^ y»«Ví'.7^jv' lpÍlHlU\' .7/í.fxnfiJ "u.Hm] ;Vi'i.'ijirß- ÍK'JWMI/« u.*uitji>f \ WfTS • 1.» ríZr'^h/L^ >7í'W''y.»' -=?í^ ^ L-ñ'¡ i> k'"Vt¿r V/y/iyí/iü'«/ w/ívi»7 rwy.ÚM,/ .•///.ii/.'y.jíiyi; 'J{/ >h'/tll't Ol .vz.mî« iu^s{tinxiy ñ'.iftKyj IIAKVUÍ iV.) < :i.MMt>z{l zthtpn viAu»nuMifJ Y ami L yyiJj Jl ¡inhfuJfl^Pi If.tUKIt^ ! /• ÍN .1 , ►) JHIWI 'iiwif nufM' diutj>puiti.wi¡\ ym\iafV^S^/AUA/iV/A'jyv'M- í/.«.'ZA*yf 'Wv^)àti^ ¡í/j''"'t. p/OJ)UJI^ [iWfH/O ^//}^yíí:i.u{>') hí,l/l>t/y ' t-tíll"¿ f/.U/l;il 'fA/'l/Uy y^-'H'ir-f n'w- ^lÍmM -¡.ymutl ■liífi'liV ' flM-'T li'iyj,'//.'/- ). n'iov *-""n'irs".i \i»"i \7k^»Tfy ^-^yy/jí^ k W^'W 7/ V.HOJ^yPlO^P iiiil iU.Kfiktn tiaitn. y ^/ÍVw«*\' .MÍ/.'./.>¿^ inmpu ['ív/n/M ími'lt"/ •»J,/ M.lj/ OfpMtilOt^ pufmvi'rtu.u IU>KJ.< aiimvisuf .'III.IJUIU. L\1IXV.Ü«XI- j/A'TYAy M.vwí'zy ^•»'««Mv; •V/'.Uk'WW.»/ riiaiLLyK' i/'i 'xtííiav.H í'«/íV.»y /'/zz///V'/.»7 ÍUIhl fi'>pi's- /"•"/'I AU.'U'j Maa).miiuy 'vopou}}/ .iui?nut>ij< '".tj.mt'f »tJOlQ'nr. •ofnonniij naj¡¡uni V'.1UUi:|¡ OÙJM() «•"«TíU, >"h'.\ I MMojpypm jyo,/ p»ia>»il ',/ niauírpui"/ .1,1 KlU.r IW lUIO.I HPPPO ii.u.'¡yu.>iiim '/yiut/j •ity fni'iii/^ xn.s'a-in ;/ jm.mpn i iifpa i>.)}/iim¡ /'///'/A/.i/l tp"U inj(f»fní:\ AU H •'"'tPlV 'H.'V.'^T/ A/i//»,í /j/iMnifUlJJj, ' Ut/O't- vpin)^ snnniKiuiiu 'lUfUItli U.'tItliJ/ /'Ui>//ii/¡r ♦•IHUlilK /A/z/yz/y .>y"i/ Jt.r.j hmj y«z/.z//z.zí/rf.y¿'. '/-'.»/t'n i>in/.\vj owrf int/n:.n}/on; \ ut¡'pj'*fy"p P//A.s'ñu>///lÍÍ' -i^Tf>:/.¡f/~' A?xivV25^ sw/ri-^^/ l/OlJJAJ UJU^flM^JO VJpí^ XOll.k'J r/y vo-nan'S uoj.tfpu'.r T; a NC.'.ONIHSVM Í5IWON0Í03 AVAAniyy JO nvaana xavyan )j<>///■';/ UO'í nlV.L\'oï^ uopiiv lt(M.rqnqsir\\ nuu líov'íiulnsrw uio.i| isíí'.4 ,>pni}oUi> j