-,• ■ ••• \v;.
-S!
MAP OF THE UNITED STATES
showing the leading railroads from the Atlantic Ocean to Western Oregon.
The Oregon and California Railroad, will be united with the trans-continental lines, and by them, with the whole railway system of the United States,
extending over sixty thousand miles, and reaching all important points in the Eastern, Middle, Southern and Western States, and the Canadas.
Emigrants can take trains direct for San Francisco, and thence in fine steamers go to Portland, where the Company's Land Agent, Col. F. R. Moores, will furnish every facility for making
good selections and securing title.
Emigrants from the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, can go direct to and across the Isthmus of Panama and thence to Portland by water. Emigrants from Germany, Switzerland
and Scandinava, can take from Hamburg, Bremen or England a similar route; all on reasonable terms,
see table of fares herewith.
RAILROAD LANDS
i n
WESTERN OREGON
For Sale at Low Rates and on Liberal Terms.
EXTRAORDINARY INDUCEMENTS
to
EMIGRANTS.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
edward bosqui & co., printers, corner clay and leidesdorff streets.
1b73.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, in thb Office of the Librarian
of Congress, at Washington.
STATE OF OREGON,
Executive Office,
Salem, March 30, 1872.
Hon. Joseph S. Wilson,
President of the
European and Oregon Land Co.
Sir : Having perused the compilation of statis¬
tical, geographical, agricultural and other infor¬
mation concerning the interests and character¬
istics of Oregon, published by you, I take pleasure
in stating that it is a just and accurate exposi¬
tion of the varied subjects therein referred to.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
At.1 '
L. F. GROVER,
Governor of Oregon.
ffy
'*/ S. F. Chadwick,
Secretary of State.
jjuropean and |)re|)on jjand {jompann.
OFFICERS.
JOS. S. WILSON, President.
WILLIAM NORRIS, Vice-President.
WM. C. RALSTON, Treasurer.
FRANCIS AVflRY, Secretary.
Principal Office, 320 California Street, San Francisco.
I. R. Moores, Local Agent in Portland, Oregon.
Geo. K. Otis, Agent, 42 Broadway, New York City.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Wm. C. Ralston, Cashier, Bank of California, San Francisco.
Faxon D. Atherton, "
Milton S. Latham, Manager L. & S. F. Bank, "
William Norris, North Pacific Transp'n Co., "
Jesse Holladay, "
Ed. H. Green, Chairman L. & S. F. Bank, London, E.
Alex, de Laski, Banker, London, E.
Rudolph Sulzbach, Banker, Frankfurt-a-M.
Julius May, " "
Thos. Brown, Ass't Cashier Bank of Cal., San Francisco.
Jos. S. Wilson, Late Commissioner U.[S. Gen'l Land Office.
Office of the
EUROPEAN and OREGON
LAND COMPANY
320 California Street, San Francisco.
February 22d, 1872.
This Company, organized under and in accordance
with the laws of the State of California, now offers for
sale
along the line of the Oregon and California Railroad ; a
direct highway of Domestic and Asiatic trade, with no
climatic impediments to free railroad transit the whole
year round.
These lands, of unsurpassed fertility, in a mild and
healthy climate are for sale to actual settlers, at low
rates, and on long credit. They are situated in the
large and beautiful valleys of the Willamette, Umpqua
and Rogue Rivers, and in the basin of the Klamath
Lakes, the great agricultural region of the Pacific Coast,
Farming
Western
see map herewith,
6
They are for sale, by virtue of the Acts of the Con¬
gress of the United States, granting lands to aid in the
construction of a railway and telegraph line from Port¬
land in northern Oregon to the southern boundary of
the State.
This railroad is now rapidly progressing to completion.
Portland is on the Willamette River, 12 miles from
its junction with the Columbia River, and 116 miles
from the Ocean. It is the terminus of the West Side, or
Oregon Central Railroad, which extends to Astoria, at
the mouth of the Columbia River.
There will thus be formed—see large map—a com¬
plete chain or line of railways, from the mouth of the
Columbia River to the Atlantic Ocean. The first link,
being the West Side road, from Astoria to Portland; and
the second, the Oregon and California Railroad.
The latter, advancing southward from Portland, tra¬
verses the beautiful valleys and lake region of Western
Oregon, and at the southern boundary of the State,
unites with the California and Oregon Railway.
This road connects with the great Overland Route,
crossing the North American Continent, and this unites
with the 60,000 miles of railways in the United States,
extending to all important points in the Eastern, South¬
ern, Western and Middle States, and the Canadas.
These lands embrace an area of Five Millions Three
hundred and fifty Thousand acres, in vacant odd-num¬
bered sections, within a belt thirty miles wide on
each side of the railroad, which is 418 miles in length.
Each "Section" is one mile square, and contains 640
acres of land, subdivisible into 160, 80 and 40 acre
tracts, as illustrated on the smaller of the accompanying
maps.
The following diagram will explain the simple and
perfect land system of the United States :—
7
i
3
2
Base
1
Line.
V
IV
in
ii
I
1
1
11
ill
IV
Vi.|
1
—
=
a
h
!
i
A
3
|
i
5
All lands in tbe United :States are surveyed upon the
" Rectangular System," as above shown, into Townships
which are six miles square. The successive tiers of
townships are called "Ranges," and are counted and
numbered east and west from the Meridian, which runs
due north and south ; they are numbered in the same
way, north and south from the Base Line which extends
due east and west.
A special and interesting feature of Western Oregon
is seen along the Pacific Ocean. It consists of a succes¬
sion of small, but beautiful valleys, separated by short
ranges of rounded hills or mountains, running at right
angles to the sea shore. These valleys are watered by
mountain streams, and extend from the Coast Range of
mountains to the ocean.
8
The lands now offered for sale, comprise Four Grand
Geographical Divisions, within which, under the land
grant aforesaid, the unoccupied odd-numbered sections
for thirty miles on each side of the railroad, enure to
this Company.
THE FIRST DIVISION
Is situated between the Cascade Mountains on the east,
and the Coast Range on the west, and includes the mag¬
nificent valley of the Willamette, containing Five Millions
of acres of land. This valley is the garden tract of this
portion of the continent, and is unsurpassed in fertility
and beauty. It extends southward from the majestic
Columbia River through the counties of Washington,
Multonomah, Clackamas, Yamhill, Polk, Marion, Linn,
Benton and Lane, to the geographical centre of Western
Oregon, and is watered in its entire length by the Wil¬
lamette River and its tributaries.
THE SECOND DIVISION
Is the Umpqua Valley, which comprises all of Douglas
County; the area is estimated to be Three Millions Two
hundred Thousand acres. The surface of this valley is
undulating and hilly, but the soil is very rich and pro¬
ductive. It is watered by the Umpqua River and its
branches, which is—not counting the North Fork—140
miles in length. The main river runs northwardly across
three-fourths the breadth of the valley, thence westward
till it reaches the ocean.
THE THIRD DIVISION,
South of the Umpqua, embraces the Rogue River Valley,
which has an estimated area of Two Millions Five Hun¬
dred Thousand acres. This valley includes the counties
of Curry and Josephine, and that portion—about one-fifth
9
—of Jackson County lying west of the Cascade Range.
It is watered by the river from which it takes its name.
Rogue River is 125 miles long, runs in a westerly direc¬
tion, and enters the ocean at Ellensburg. The country
is hilly and in many places mountainous, yet possesses a
great number of very productive, small valleys. The
soil is of a rich alluvial character, and ver}' fertile even
to the summits of the hills.
It will be observed that the Umpqua and Rogue River
Valleys, unlike the Willamette Valley, which lies parallel
to the coast line, extend eastwardly from the ocean.
THE FOURTH AND SOUTH-EAST DIVISION
Of these lands, is situated east of the Cascade Range of
mountains, in the great basin of the Klamath Lakes. It
embraces that portion of Jackson County lying east of
the Rogue River Valley, and within the thirty mile lateral
limits of the land grant, on the east side of the railroad.
This, the western part of the lake region, is estimated to
contain Six hundred Thousand acres of land; the area of
this region, entire, being Four Millions of acres. That
portion within the limits of the grant includes a series of
beautiful lakes, covering an aggregate surface of one
hundred and seventy-six thousand seven hundred and
fifty acres, not included in the above estimate of land
area. These are :
Aspen Lake covering 4,400 acres.
Round Lake " 1,350 "
Long Lake " 920
Lake of the Woods " 2,500
Bush Lake " 1,500
Upper Klamath Lake " 120,000
North half of Lower Klamath Lake " 40,600
Portion of Rhett Lake " 5,480
10
The streams in this country, are the Link River, con¬
necting the Upper and Lower Klamath Lakes ; William¬
son, Sprague and Lost Rivers ; also the Klamath River,
which is 180 miles long. It flows out of the, Lower
Lake, in a south-westerly direction, crossing the State
line, about 26 miles from its source, pursues an irregular
course through northern California, and discharges its
waters in the ocean, 35 miles south of the Oregon line.
Nearly three fourths of the Klamath country consists of
fertile valleys and uplands.
Timber of splendid growth and quality, skirts the
water courses, and magnificent forests crown the moun¬
tain ranges.
Having thus briefly sketched the more prominent
characteristics of the four grand divisions of this ex¬
tensive region, it may here be added, that these lands
are for sale upon the following liberal terms:
One fifth, or twenty per cent of the price in cash, at
the time of sale. Interest on the balance at ten per
cent per annum, at the end of one year thereafter.
Interest on the balance due, and another fifth of the
principal, in two years. Interest on the balance, and
another fifth of the principal in three years. Interest
on the balance, and a fifth of the principal in four years.
Interest on the balance, and the last fifth of the prin¬
cipal, at the end of five years from the date of the sale.
Whenever a purchaser shall pay down in cash, the
full price of his land, a discount, or deduction of ten per
cent, from the credit price of the land, will be made.
All lands are sold for, and all payments received in
United States paper money.
Full information will be furnished to all parties en¬
quiring at the Company's office No. 320 California street
in the City of San Francisco, California, or at the Com¬
pany's agencies in New York City, and in Portland,
Oregon.
11
RESOURCES OF WESTERN OREGON.
This favored region presents natural inducements and
facilities for the prosecution of all the useful and indus¬
trial arts.
The level and undulating prairies, the open uplands
and highlands, hanked by mountain ranges whose slopes
are covered with natural grasses the year round, invite
and await the coming of farmers and of stockraisers and
herdsmen. The bosom of the earth contains varied
sources of wealth and power, and the groves of timber
which line the water courses, and the magnificent forests
covering the mountains, constitute a present element of
wealth and will be a source of prosperity to a distant
future.
These resources are briefly sketched in the following
pages.
THE AGRICULTURAL INTEREST.
Wheat, the leading staple, is unsurpassed, if not un¬
equalled in quality. The average yield being threefold
that of some of the interior "North-Western" States of
the Union, which are justly celebrated for their wheat
crops. The product here ranging from thirty to fifty
bushels, and occasionally more, to the acre. The quality
is so superior, that already three foreign houses in Port¬
land, are engaged in shipping Oregon wheat to the Eng¬
lish market.
It is authoritatively reported by the President of the
State Agricultural Society, that in Marion county, 3,500
bushels of wheat had been grown on 69J acres, the grain
weighing 66 pounds to the bushel. Another instance is
given, where six persons residing together harvested
10,846 bushels of wheat from 315 acres of land.
No such thing as a failure of the wheat crop has occurred
during a continuous period of thirty years.
12
The yield of other cereals is also large, such as oats,
rye, barley, buckwheat, corn and sorghum; the last two
particularly in the southern portion of the State. A pre¬
mium was awarded to a farmer for a field of oats which
produced 85 bushels to the acre; another case is cited
where from six acres of selected land 600 bushels of oats
were harvested.
The Hay Cr<yp from wild and tame grasses is very large
and remunerative.
The Vegetable Products are also up to a high standard.
Potatoes, cabbages, turnips, squashes, beets, carrots, pars¬
nips, cucumbers, tomatoes and onions grow in profusion
and of superior quality. Potatoes yield from 500 to 800
bushels to the acre. The Willamette Farmer of July 29,
1871, published at Salem, reports a crop of 1100 bushels
of onions to the acre, having been gathered from a tract
of "beaver-dam" lands.
Apples, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, the smaller
fruits, and grapes, are also most abundant, and in the
southern portions of the State peaches and apricots
flourish; these fruits being all of superior flavor and
quality.
The more hardy varieties of the grape grow every¬
where in Oregon, which is considered a good country for
vine culture; and from which it is anticipated there will
ere long be considerable exports of wine and brandy.
In addition to the staple products of the field, above
recited, there are others which are destined in a near
future, to add materially to the wealth and prosperity of
the State. Among these are hops, a new and successful
experiment in farming, as shown by a recent shipment
of 7,000 lbs., from Portland to San Francisco. Hemp,
which grows finely and yields well. Tobacco, which is
raised in almost every neighborhood for home consump¬
tion, and Flan, for the culture of which the soil and
climate of Oregon seem peculiarly adapted.
13
Competent authorities have pronounced the Oregon
flax, in fineness, strength and quality, quite equal to the
best European growths of that article.
Thus far its culture has been pursued mainly for the
seed, and several thousands of acres, with this object in
view, were devoted to this industry in the year 1870.
An enterprising association, The Pioneer Oil Company,"
of Salem, has recently offered special premiums for the
best ten-acre fields of flax. The premiums to be awarded
by the State Agricultural Society at its next annual fair.
Official returns of the leading crops and other indus¬
tries of Oregon for the year 1869, as reported by the press,
exhibit the following results :
Wheat 1,750,000 bushels value $1,500,000
Rye 5,200 " " 5,200
Oats 500,000 " " 270,000
Corn 200,000 " " 200,000
Barley 200,000 " " 200,000
Potatoes 500,000 " " 300,000
Hay 75,000 tons " 637,500
In the same year there were in the State 48,800 horses,
1,500 mules and asses, 79,312 milch cows, 101,900 sheep,
112,700 swine, and 140,500 young cattle, valued at
$7,946,255. The dairy products were 105,279 pounds of
cheese, and 1,000,159 pounds of butter. These interests
have been enormously enlarged within the past two
years, by the steady increase of population, and the
rapid extension of the railway system of the State.
The Wool Clip of Oregon, for the year ending June
1870, was 1,080,269 pounds, and during the following
year it reached 2,000,000 of pounds, bringing the pro¬
ducers 33j cents per pound.
STOCK RAISING.
There is no country surpassing Western Oregon in
natural inducements for attention to this important in-
14
dustry. Although it is in the laticude of Vermont and
New Hampshire—42° to 45°—the climate of this region
is as mild as that of the Atlantic States from Virginia to
Georgia. The rich natural pastures furnish an unfailing
supply of food, making this a comparatively inexpensive
industry, yet one certain to yield large profits.
The agricultural products of Oregon for the year
ending with June 1870, according to the census returns,
as reported in the newspapers, were valued at $7,122,-
790, while those for the ensuing year, ending June 30,
1871, are estimated to reach $9,971,900.
In this connection, it should here be stated, that the
enterprise of the citizens of the State, has been largely
directed to the manufacture of flour. Flouring mills
have been established throughout the farming districts
to meet the demand for local consumption ; and larger
ones have been constructed at Salem, Albany, Oregon
City and Milwaukee, having the capacity to produce an
aggregate of five hundred barrels of flour per day.
TIMBER RESOURCES.
In the timber of this State will be found an immense
mine of wealth for the present and succeeding genera¬
tions. Amazing forests of trees of gigantic growth,
from four to fifteen feet in diameter aud from two, to
three hundred feet in height, constitute this immense
interest. The product in many instances will reach a
million feet, board measure, to the acre. These giant
trees are the western yellow pine and sugar pine, red
yellow and white fir. Oregon cedar, fragrant white
cedar, hemlock, oak and maple, are also abundant and
attain great size.
At Portland, and along the Columbia River, and at
different points in the interior, are saw-mills varying in
their capacity of production, from 3,000 up to 10,000,
15,000 and 45,000 feet of manufactured lumber, per day.
15
Important lumber mills are in operation on the Pacific
coast of Oregon, at the mouths of the different rivers
and at Coos Bay. The steam mills at Coos Bay and
Yaquina Bay are capable of sawing 75,000 feet of
lumber per day. The shipment of lumber from these
coast mills has reached 20,000,000 feet per annum.
In the extensive tracts of timber lands enuring to the
Railroad Company and now offered for sale, rare op¬
portunities are afforded for securing title on easy terms
to lands of that character. These will, in all probability,
not only reimburse to purchasers, the first cost, with a
profit, but will leave them unincumbered homesteads of
lands of superior quality, serving as the means of family
support, and the nucleus of a handsome competence.
At present and for some years past, ready markets are
found for manufactured Oregon lumber, at the Sandwich
Islands, in Japan, China, California, Mexico and South
America; and even in Australia. Remunerative ship¬
ments have also been made to New York and to Liver¬
pool, England.
The important fact should be kept in view that the
region of country extending from the Cascade Range of
mountains almost to the Mississipi River, is very sparsely
timbered, and generally treeless. Manufactured lum¬
ber must necessarily be inconstantly increasing demand,
to meet the requirements of settlements there steadily
progressing.
Chicago, the commercial capital of Illinois, in August,
1871, was rapidly developing a most important and
lucrative industry. This was the preparing of the
materials, for comfortable dwelling houses of different
sizes to meet the wants of families, and for barns, so
that they could be transported on wagons or by rail,
and put up in complete order for occupancy, in a few
hours.
16
This branch of industry may readily be introduced in
Oregon, where it would be stimulated by the abundance
of lumber, and of available water power, also by the
facilities for transportation, afforded by the water com¬
munications and the railway system of the State.
The preparation of these ready-made buildings must
in time, become one of the greatest and most lucrative
manufacturing interests of Oregon, and will confer sub¬
stantial benefits, not only upon the State, but upon the
advancing columns of settlers in the interior of the
Republic.
MINERAL RESOURCES.
Nature has taken care, in distributing benefactions in
this favored portion of the American Union, to give it
extensive and valuable mineral deposits.
Goal—Both bituminous and anthracite, but generally
the former variety, is most liberally distributed through
the region of these railroad lands. Referring to its
bearing upon the industries and power of nations, it has
been forcibly said, that it is a fuel, ready at a moments
notice " to generate a power that transcends all others,
yet known to be applicable to all mechanical movements ;
that disdaining narrow improvements, wafts us over land
and sea ; that makes tens of thousands of wheels and
spindles to revolve ; that causes raw materials to be
wrought into airy fabrics or solid structures, and that
propels navies and transports armies, changing the
character of warfare, and determining the destiny of
nations."
Iron, the metal essential to all industries, more valuable
in its finest manufactured forms, than au equal weight of
gold, exists in abundance in this section of country.
Iron works for reducing ores, have within the last few
years, been established at Oswego, on the banks of the
Willamette River, eight miles from Portland.
17
This establishment has furnished supplies for home
consumption, with an excess for exportation ; the metal
having for many purposes been found superior to the
best Scotch pig iron.
Lead—Immense deposits of galena have recently been
brought to light in Linn County, but are not yet fully
developed.
Precious Metals—Copper, and Silver also, in the form
of argentiferous galena, are known to exist, and Gold is
found at various points in Western Oregon, chief!)' in
Josephine, Jackson and Douglas Counties.
The annual gold product of the State is valued at two
and half millions of dollars.
MANUFACTURES.
At prominent points, manufactories have been estab¬
lished and are in successful operation. Woolen mills
have been erected at Salem, in Marion County ; Oregon
City, in Clackamas County ; Dalles, in Wasco County ;
Brownsville, in Linn County, and at Ashland, in Jackson
County ; and a paper-mill at Clackamas.
The cassimeres, blankets and flannels, manufactured
at these establishments are of excellent quality ; and
the prices are so reasonable, that they command ready
sales, not only at home but in adjacent States.
The Salem mills, alone, consume annually several
hundred thousand pounds of wool.
There is also at Salem a large establishment for the
manufacture of agricultural machinery and implements
in every variety. Here too, is the Pioneer Oil mill, of
fine capacity, and under able management, producing
annually large quantities of linseed oil. It is in contem¬
plation, to connect a Linen Factory with this establish¬
ment, and so utilize the flax straw, of admirable fineness
and quality, that is now thrown away and wasted.
18
The Oregon Iron "Works at Oswego, are in successful
operation, and meet the local demand for stoves and
hollow ware.
water power.
The resources of the State in hydraulic forces are
inmense. The Willamette Falls alone are equal to a
million horse power. Mill sites are found everywhere
in Western Oregon ; and water power is so well distri¬
buted as to furnish facilities for the expansion of ma¬
nufacturing establishments, to meet the future demands
of a dense population.
fisheries.
In the cursory view here presented of the industries
of the State, the importance of the fisheries must not
be overlooked. The main interest, in this branch, is
centered in the Salmon catch. These fish are extremely
abundant, of fine flavor, and will average nearer twenty-
five than twenty pounds in weight. A considerable
amount of capital is already invested in this industry, in
which several hundred persons find employment.
In the year 1869, the shipments of this article of food,
to domestic and foreign markets, reached 6,165 barrels,
besides 800,000 cans of cooked and seasoned salmon.
In addition to the salmon, fish of the halibut species,
cod and sturgeon abound; as also, trout, in all the streams;
and an active trade is prosecuted in oysters.
means of communication.
In view of these numerous industries and manifold
resources, the enquiry naturally is made, what are the
market facilities and means of travel and transportation
in this region ?
Although an answer may be drawn in general terms
from the outlines presented in the foregoing, yet it is
19
proper here to deal more particularly with these subjects.
In the first place, the Columbia, the great river of
this part of the Continent, is navigable throughout the
year, by ocean steamers, for a distance of 116 miles from
its mouth, to Portland on the Willamette River, twelve
miles above the confluence of the latter with the former
stream.
Thence eastwardly, with two interruptions, at the Cas¬
cades and the Dalles, where there are railroad portages
of five and fifteen miles respectively, the Columbia is
navigable throughout the year, by river steamers, from
Portland, Oregon, to Priests Rapids in Washington Ter¬
ritory 396 miles from the Ocean, and on its tributary
Snake River, to Lewiston in Idaho, 470 miles from the
Ocean.
Tabular exhibits herewith on pages 28 and 29, show
the distances by water, from Portland to various other
points in Oregon, and adjacent States.
The Willamette,the principal river of Western Oregon,
is navigable by ocean steamers as far as Portland, and
above the Falls (where there is a portage of only a few
hundred feet) by river steamers throughout the year,
for a distace of 165 miles. During the winter and
spring, while the streams are swollen by rains, the
Willamette River is navigable for 200 miles above its
mouth. At these times the Yamhill, Tualatin and San-
tiam Rivers, and others, tributary to the Willamette,
can be ascended by small steamers.
The Umpqua River is navigable for only a short
distance from the Ocean. Improvements are being
made, which will make this stream available to some
extent, as a route for the transportation of crops, and
produce, to tide water.
In addition to these natural avenues of communication,
there are the Oregon and California Railway, and the
20
Oregon Central, or " West Side " Railway, with a branch
road to McMinnville, in Yamhill Count}'.
The Oregon and California Railway—see the smaller
of the two maps herewith—as has been previously stated,
traverses the whole length of Western Oregon, and
opens up to trade and travel, all this part of the State,
from its northern boundary, down to the California line.
t This road will, on the completion of the California
and Oregon Railway,—see the larger of the two maps—
place the State in direct railway communication with
all important points in the United States and the Canadas.
Turning westward from Portland, down the Willa¬
mette and Columbia Rivers, to the Ocean, we find the
splendid steamers of the " North Pacific Transportation
Company," keeping up frequent and regular communi¬
cation for freight, passengers and the mails, with San
Francisco. From this port, as is well known, lines of
steamers run in all directions, to British Columbia, Mex¬
ico, Panama, the Sandwich Islands, Japan, China and
Australia.
There is also a line of steamers running from Portland,
to Vancouver's Island, and to points on Puget Sound.
It will thus be seen, this country is amply provided
with highways, both natural and artificial, for the pres¬
ent and future demands of its population.
TRADE OP PORTLAND.
Portland is a city of between eleven and twelve thou¬
sand inhabitants, beautifully situated on the Willamette
River. It is steadily increasing in population, active
and enterprising in its varied, important and constantly
enlarging industries.
The exports of Portland during 1871, are reported as
follows :
21
WHEAT—To Great Britain 208.646 centals $469,068
" San Francisco 180,000 " 378,000
FLOUR—To San Francisco 152,464 barrels
" China 3,500 "
" Honoluln 563 "
" Victoria, Puget Sound and Sitka.. 20.778 "
Total 177,305 " 1,145,982
FISH—From tbe Columbia River 20,000 " 140.000
WOOL 921,000 pounds 322,350
WOOLEN GOODS 200.000
HIDES 75,000
FURS 50,000
$2,780,400
Imports for 1871 :
From Great Britain, British Columbia, Honolulu and China 517,633
Balance in favor of Portland $2,262,767
It will be observed that no mention is made of the
minor articles of export, such as dried fruits, cured meats,
leather, tallow, etc., the aggregate value of which was
not less than eight hundred thousand dollars, as shown
by the freight books of the North Pacific Transportation
Company.
The exports for January, 1872, reached $255,175.
The following table will show the commerce of Port¬
land during the year 1871, in tons, and how it was
carried :
IMPORTS.
DOMESTIC PORTS. tons.
By steamers and sailing ves¬
sels 86,914
FOREIGN PORTS.
By foreign vessels 3,429
By American vessels 9,640
Total 99,983
EXPORTS.
DOMESTIC PORTS. tons.
By stçamers and sailing ves¬
sels 78,859
FOREIGN PORTS.
By foreign vessels 6,408
By American vessels 17,433
Total 102,700
22
In reviewing these diversified interests which present
extraordinary attractions, and substantial inducements,
not only to European emigrants, especially those coming
from the United Kingdom, from Germany, Switzerland
and Scandinavia, but from the older States of the Re¬
public, there are other matters which should not pass
unmentioned.
It must be borne in mind that in coming to this
new region, emigrants will find homes, not in a wild, un¬
organized country, but in a noble State of the American
Union ; where free institutions, local and national, are in
full vigor ; where the laws for the protection of the per¬
son, and of the rights of property are vigorously enforced
and upheld by enlightened public sentiment.
The liabilities of Oregon are so inconsiderable, that
the State may be regarded as comparatively free from
debt, and taxation is consequently very light.
Here, too, the Press does its great work. More than
twenty newspapers are engaged in disseminating infor¬
mation, and enlightening the public mind as to all the
concerns of life, not only in this country, but throughout
the world.
Postal and telegraphic facilities are liberally distributed
and extended through the State; 198 post offices are al¬
ready established, 148 of which are in the counties em¬
braced within the limits of these railroad lands.
Churches of different denominations are found every¬
where, and in every county is an admirable system of
free schools, besides academies in eligible places, semi¬
naries, colleges and a university.
The Congress of the United States has made liberal
grants in the cause of education, having given the State
1280 acres of land in every township of six miles square,
for schools ; 72 sections, or 46,080 acres for a State Uni¬
versity, and 90,000 acres for the founding of an agricul-
23
tural college. In addition to all this, Congress has also
granted the State "500,000 acres of land for "Internal
Improvements."
Western Oregon, embracing these railroad lands, con.
tains nearly 20,000,000 acres of land ; the area of the
whole State being equal to 60,975,360 acres.
According to the number of persons to the square
mile in England in 1860, the western part of Oregon is
capable of sustaining a population of 7,409,000.
Taking the ratio to the square mile in Massachusetts
in 1870, making no allowance for the difference in the
quality of the soil, Western Oregon can support 5,767,000
people. This calculation does not allow anything for the
depth and fertility of the soil of this region, where the
yield per acre is more than four-fold greater than in
Massachusetts and many of the other States,
Accompanying this will be found two maps, the larger
one showing the several States and Territories of the
United States, and the general railway system of the
country; the smaller map showing Western Oregon, and
the Oregon and California Railway.
Also, tabular exhibits, showing :
1st. The area of each county traversed by the rail¬
road, the areas in each county within the 30 miles limit
on each side of the road, and the estimated number of
acres enuring to the Railroad Company.
2d. Measures and weights as fixed by the laws of
Oregon. Temperature, health and weather reports.
3d. The distances from Portland, Oregon, to im¬
portant points, eastward and westward on the Columbia
River, and on the Ocean, to San Francisco, and to Sitka.
4th. Table showing rates of first, second and third
class fares from principal cities in the older States to
Portland in Oregon.
24
5th. The rates of fare from principal ports of Great,
Britain, and northern Europe to Portland, via New York
and the Isthmus of Panama.
Such opportunities as those now presented for the
acquisition of farming lands in a prosperous, rapidly
growing State, that is so free from debt, where taxes are
so light, and where the titles to land are so complete and
indefeasible as is the case here, are not likely again to
occur.
Those who shall avail themselves of the present low
rates at which these lands are held, will certainly reap a
large profit from the rapidly enhancing value of their
purchases.
The best illustration of the effect, the completion of
the Oregon and California Railroad, will have, in giving
rapid and extraordinary increase to the value of these
lands, is seen in the benefits resulting to the State of
Illinois, from the building of the Illinois Central and
other Roads, as shown by the following table, taken
from the Census Reports of the U. S. Government :
Year.
Miles of Rail'yB
in operation.
Acres of land improved.
Population.
Assessed value
of all
Property.
1850
110.5
5,039,545
851,470
$114,782,645
18(i0
2,793.9
13,251,473
1.711,951
389,207.372
1870
4,823
2,539,891
764,787,000
The above facts will serve to illustrate the direct and
inmediate advantages which will accrue to Western
Oregon from the completion of this great work of internal
improvement. The constant stimulus it will give to the
value of real estate, and especially to the lands within
the railroad grant, will be certain and most effective.
Well founded inducements are thus held out for mak¬
ing early purchases of these railroad lands, the value of
which, within a few years will increase tenfold over pre¬
sent rates, and bring rich returns for present outlays in
acquiring titles to them.
25
The company having in charge the disposal of these
lands, have established an agency at No. 42 Broadway,
in New York'city, under the management of George K.
Otis, Esq., who will furnish information to persons
desiring to emigrate, or make purchases.
Applications to purchase can also be made by indivi¬
duals or colonies, directly to the Land Agent in Portland,
Oregon, Col. I. R. Moores, who is an experienced sur¬
veyor, long resident in the State, and thoroughly familiar
with its resources. He is supplied with maps and dia¬
grams, plats of surveys, field notes descriptive of these
lands, printed forms of applications for land, and for
purchasing same, and will furnish all needed facilities to
those seeking homes in Western Oregon.
Information, general and special, can also be had on
application in person or by letter, at the office of the
European and Oregon Land Company, No. 320 California
street, San Francisco, California.
Jos. S. Wilson,
Pres. E. & 0. L. Co.
Francis Avert,
Secretary
26
Statement showing the names of the Counties in
Western Oregon traversed by the Oregon and Cali¬
fornia Rail Road, with the estimated area of each
County; and also the portion of the same falling within
the limits of the Grant; further showing the area enuring
to the Company in each County.
Names of Counties.
Area of each County.
Estimated Area of
each County within
the 30 mile railroad
limits.
Estimated area of
odd sections in each
County enuring to
the R. R. Co.
Washington
4(10,000 acres,
100,000 acres.
80,000 acres.
Yamhill
500,000 "
380,000 ••
190,000 "
Multnomah
380,000 "
100.000 "
50.000
Clackamas
1,200,000 "
600,000 "
300,000 '•
Marion.
800,000 "
480,000 "
240,000 "
Polk
450,000 '•
300.000 "
180.000 "
Tillamook
6,000 "
3,000 "
Benton
800,000 "
194.000 "
97.000 "
Linn
1,800,000 •'
460,000 "
230,000 "
Lane
2,500,000 "
1,000,000 "
500.000 '•
Douglas
3,200,000 "
2,000,000 •'
1,000.000 "
Coos
800.000 "
280,000 "
140,000 "
Curry
1,240,000 "
180,000 "
90,000 •'
Josephine
900,000 «
360.000 '■
180.000 ••
Jackson
5,000,000 "
2,400,000 "
1.200,000 "
Total
4,480,000 acres.
Note.—The definite establishment of the southern portion of the Oregon
and California Railroad line has increased the length of the road, and
caused a corresponding increase in the aggregate of lands enuring to the
Company—which is now estimated at 5,350,000 acres.
The law regulating weights and measures in Oregon,
declares the bushel weight to be as follows :
Wheat and clover seed 60 lbs.
Indian corn and rye 56 "
Potatoes 60 "
Oats 36 "
Barley 46 "
Buckwheat 42 "
Dried apples and peaches 28 "
27
Table showing comparative mean temperatures :
Place.
North
Latitude.
Spring.
Summer.
Fall.
Winter.
Average
Fahren¬
heit.
Astoria, Oregon ....
460 i(y
51
16
61
36
53
55
42
43
52.130
Corvallis, " ....
44° 30'
52
19
67
13
53
41
39
27
530
Dalles, "
45° 4<y
53
70
36
52
21
35
59
52.790
Augusta. Illinois. ...
40° i<y
51
34
72
51
53
38
29
80
51.760
Hazelwood, Min
4402c
42
33
69
95
42
60
13
06
41.970
Albany, New York..
42° 35'
47
61
70
17
50
01
25
83
48.410
Quebec, Canada ....
46° 5C
40
69
45
12
410
New York City
40° 45'
48
72
54
31
510
Norfolk, Virginia....
36° 50'
56
76
61
40
590
Deaths from fever—taken trom the report of the sur¬
geon-general of the United States army:
New England States 1 in 283
Harbor of New York 1 " 66
The Great Lakes 1 " 159
Jefferson and St. Louis, Missouri 1 " 113
Southern Texas (frontier) 1 " 67
Oregon and Washington Territory.... 1 " 529
Weather report of Portland, Oregon, for ten years :
Yeak.
Pleasant.
Rainy.
Sunshine
and
Showers.
Snow.
...1859...
...228....
...73...
...47...
...17...
... .1860....
....232....
...72...
...57...
... 5...
....1861....
....224....
...70...
...61...
.10...
1862
250 ...
...47...
...52...
...16...
....1863....
....220....
...82...
...55...
... 8...
1864
. ..252 ...
...60...
...47...
... 7...
.... 1865....
227....
...65...
...63...
...10...
....1866....
....230....
...73...
...59...
... 3...
1867....
....244....
...65...
...49...
... 7...
1868.,..
....272....
...30...
...55...
... 9...
Total fob |
Ten Years j
...2379 ...
..637...
.545...
...92...
28
The Following tables are taken from the observations
made by Dr. Geo. W. Gray, at Albany, in Linn Co., 0.:
Days.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
Dry
230
250
226
229
Rainy
49
42
62
52
Showers
83
73
75
83
Snow
3
2
1
Nights.
Dry
262
233
239
Rainy
103
130
125
Snow
0
2
1
Table showing the distances westward, fropi Portland,
Oregon, to the mouth of the Columbia River, thence on
the Pacific Coast southward to and from San Francisco
and to Sitka.
NAMES OF POINTS.
Distances
between
Points.
Distances
from
Portland.
Distances
from
San Francisco.
Portland
0
0
740
To Mouth of Willamette River ....
12
12
728
" St. Helens, Oregon
14
26
714
" Monticello,Washington Territory
20
47
694
" Cathlamet, " "
33
79
661
•' Astoria, O
25
104
636
" Month of Columbia River
12
116
624
" Tillamook Bay, O
45
161
579
" Yaquina Bay, O
66
227
513
" Umpqua Bay, O
66
293
447
" Coos Bay, O
24
317
423
" Coquille Bay, O
15
332
408
" Port Orford, O....
34
366
374
" Ellensburg, 0
24
390
350
" Cresent City, Cal
48
438
302
" Trinidad, Cal
44
482
258
" Eureka, Cal
20
502
238
" Mendocino, Cal
110
612
128
" San Francisco, Cal
128
740
0
" Victoria, Vancouver Island....
244
752
" Bellingham Bay, Washington T.
290
798
" Sitka, Alaska
825
1333
29
Distances by water eastward on the Columbia and
Snake Rivers, and northward on the Columbia River,
into British Columbia :
NAMES OF PLACES.
Interinedi- •'
ate distances
in miles.
Distances
from Port¬
land, O., in
miles.
Mouth of Willamette River. Oregon
12
Fort Vancouver. Washington Territory
6
18
Lower Cascades, 0
47
65
Upper " 4< (railroad portage)
5
70
Dalles '•
45
115
Celilo " (railroad portage)
15
130
Umatilla "
82
212
Wallula, W. T.
24
236
* Mouth of Snake River, W. T... .V
8
244
Priest's Rapids "
48
292
Fort Colville, W. T. (navigation obstructed)
260
552
f Mouth of Clark's Fork, British Columbia
32
584
Beyond into British Columbia
250
834
* From mouth of Snake River to Lewiston, Idaho, is 122 miles. Lew-
iston is 366 miles from Portland.
f Distances on Clark's Fork of the Columbia River, from Portland, 0.,
in miles :
Mouth of Clark's Fork, British Columbia.
Pend d'Oreille Lake, Idaho.
Cabinet, Montana
Thompson's Falls, Montana
108
36
50
584
692
728
778
Distances from Portland, 0., by the Willamette River,
to points to which steamers run throughout the year :
NAME OF COUNTY.
Intermedi¬
ate
distances.
Distance
from
Portland.
Clackamas
13
Marion
22
35
«(
24
59
Linu
33
92
Benton
12
104
Lane
61
165
NAMES OF PLACES.
Oregon City.
Fairfield
Salem
Albany
Corvallis
Eugene City.
Note—During high water the river is navigable for some distance above
Eugene City.
30
TABLE OF FARES,
From the Principal Cities op the United States and Canada,
to San Francisco, California, in currency.
NAMES OF CITIES.
1st Class.
2d Class.
Emigrant.
Baltimore, Md
$137
00
$102
00
$60
00
Boston, Mass
142
00
104
00
60
00
Chicago, 111
118
00
85
00
55
00
Cincinnati, O
128
00
94
00
Cleveland. O
129
00
93
00
Detroit, Mich
126
50
91
00
Indianapolis, Ind
124
85
93
00
Kansas City, Mo
112
00
85
00
Louisville, Ky
129
00
93
50
Milwaukee, Wis
121
00
87
50
Montreal, Canada
139
00
100
50
60
00
New York City
•140
00
100
00
60
00
New Orleans, La
146
75
106
00
87
00
Omaha, Neb
100
00
75
00
50
00
Philadelphia, Pa
Portland, Me
138
00
100
00
60
00
142
00
104
50
60
00
Quebec, Canada
143
00
103
50
60
00
St. Louis, Mo
118
00
85
00
55
00
Children under 5 years, free ; 5 to 12 years, half fare.
100 lbs. baggage to each full passenger, free.
50 lbs. baggage to each half-fare passenger, free.
Extra baggage (over allowance) between Omaha and
San Francisco, $15 currency per 100 lbs. Second class
cars are run with the express trains. Special rates for
colonies or companies of emigrants, according to num¬
bers, are made from Omaha to Portland, O. These rates
efiable emigrants to travel in second class cars on express
trains, from Omaha to San Francisco, whence they will
go by steamer to Portland. Similar arrangements can
doubtless be made over the main lines of road east of
Omaha.
For fares from San Francisco to Portland, O., add to
the rates, as given in the above table, the following
amounts in currency : First and second class, $33 ; third
class, $17.
31
Emigrant fare from San Francisco to Portland, is $10
in gold, which includes berths and food.
Through Tickets from New York City to Portland, by
the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. and North Pacific Trans¬
portation Co., can be had in New York City as follows :
First cabin, $130 ; steerage, $65 ; currency. This route
would be the best for emigrants, as the cost of passage
includes berths, food and medical attendance.
Table of fares from England to San Francisco, Califor¬
nia, via New York city and Panama, by sea :
Steamship Line.
Sailing from.
~ 1st Class.
2nd Class.
3rd Class.
f Cunard Line*....
Liverpool. ...
£47.11)8.
£36.15s.
£16.16s.
Inman " *. . . .
44. 8
36.15
16.16
Guion 44 *. .. .
"
44. 8
36.15
16.16
National " *....
»<
41. 5
33.12
16.16
White Star •' *....
44. 8
37.16
16.16
Anchor " *....
Glasgow
39. 3
34.13
16.16
J North German...
Southampton..
51.10
34. 0
X Hamburg Line...
Cie. Transatlantique
Havre
51.10
34. 0
.1
53.10
35.16
20. 2
50. 5
37. 0
25. 0
§ West Indies
Liverpool....
41. 5
38. 0
Steerage (3rd class) fares to San Francisco, via Panama, from
Hamburg and Bremen £17.0.0
* This line allows each 1st and 2nd class passenger twenty cubic feet,
and 3rd class, ten cubic feet baggage free. Also makes special rates for
children. Third class furnish their own bedding to New York.
t Steamers not carrying emigrants charge £4, 1st class, and £2. 5s, 2nd
class, extra.
X No 3rd class passengers taken from England.
|j Leave Southampton the 2nd and 17th of each month.
§ Leave Liverpool the 15th and 20th of each month.
All the above lines connect with the steamers of the
Pacific Mail Steamship Company either at New York or
Panama. The Pacific Mail Steamship Company furnish
32
bedding and food for 3rd class passengers. All passen¬
gers allowed lOOlbs. baggage free.
All these lines furnish food to steerage passengers, and
are provided with experienced surgeons. No charge for
medical services.
Fares from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon, by the
steamers of the North Pacific Transportation Company.
These rates include eating and sleeping accommodations :
FIRST CLASS.
STEERAGE.
Upper Cabin, $30.00 ! Lower Cabin $25.00
Equal to £6.2s.6d | Equal to £5.2.s
Emigrants $10.00
Equal to £2. Is.
This ocean route from England to Portland, OregoD, is
the most desirable for emigrants, as the different com¬
panies furnish food, beds and medical attendance without
extra charge.
To avoid delay and expense at New York city or at
Panama, take passage only on the steamers which make
close connection with the Pacific Mail Line.
33
Table of Fares from English Ports to San Francisco,
by steamer to New York, and across the continent by
railroad.
Steamer Line.
Sailing From
1st Class.
2d Class.
Steerage.
Cunard*
Inman*
Guion*
National*
White Star* ....
n Allan*
Anchor*
North German..
Hamburg f
Liverpool
do
do
do
do
Liverpool & Derry
Glasgow
Southampton
Havre
£48 10s.
45 8s.
45 8s.
42 ' 5s.
45 8s.
45 5a.
40 3s.
49 10s.
49 10s.
£34 15s.
34 15s.
37 18s.
31 12s.
35 16s.
None.
32 13s.
32 0s.
32 0s.
£17 13s.
17 13s.
17 13s.
17 13s.
17 13s.
17 6s.
17 13s.
None.
None.
Emigrant (3d Class) fares to San Francisco, via New
York City, and across the continent by rail, from Euro¬
pean ports.
Steamer Line.
Places ok Departure.
Rate.
Ininan Line*
Liverpool, Queenstown, Londonderry and
£.
s. d.
Glasgow
17
13 0
Anchor Line*
Liverpool, Glasgow and Londonderry
17
13 0
Gothenburg, Copenhagen, Christiana, etc..
18
15 0
Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp and Rotterdam
18
0 0
National Line*...
Liverpool, Queenstown, Londonderry and
Glasgow
17
13 0
Gothenburg, Christiana, Copenhagen, etc..
18
15 0
Antwerp and Rotterdam
18
I) 0
*This route allows to 1st and 2d class passengers 20 cubic feet baggage,
and to steerage passengers 10 cubic feet, free. Steerage passengers must
provide bedding, but food is supplied.
fThe Hamburg Line allows 20 cubic feet baggage to 1st class, and 15
feet to 2d class passengers.
Special rates for children, and medical attendance free on all these lines.
ITBy Allan Line passengers overland to San Francisco are allowed 1st
and 2d classes 250 lbs. weight of baggage, and 3d class 100 lbs. free on
each full ticket.
From New York City the allowance is for each 1st class ticket 100 lbs.
free; for each 2d and 3d class ticket 80 lbs. free.
For rates of passage from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon, add to
the foregoing tables, 1st and 2d class, £6.2.6, steerage, £2.1.
SUMMARY.
COMPILED PROM OFFICIAL REPORTS.
Oregon, with a mild and healthful climate, an area of
60,975,360 acres, a soil preeminently fertile and suscep¬
tible of diversified agriculture; immense tracts of pasture
lands; extensive deposits of useful and precious metals,
and coal; inexhaustible forests of timber, with ample
and available water power; navigable rivers, extending
far into adjacent States and the British Territory; nu¬
merous and good ocean harbors ; valuable fisheries; and
a railroad system far advanced and rapidly extending
which will soon connect with the trans-continental lines;
schools, colleges and public improvements ; free from
debt, and her people but lightly taxed; presents unusual
inducements for settlers, and must attract a large and
ever increasing emigration.
The Columbia and Willamette Rivers are navigable at
all seasons. Besides these, many other streams are nav¬
igable during the winter, spring and early summer.
The harbors are at the months of the rivers. They
are, the Columbia River, safe and accessible at all times
for vessels drawing twenty-four feet, the Tillamook,
Yaquina, Umpqua, Coos Bay, Coquille, Port Orford, and
many smaller ones. All these are safe at most seasons
of the year, and will be rendered more secure when the
increase of commerce shall require it.
36
The face of the country is much diversified, and of
great beaut}'—hilly,and in some parts mountainous; but
consists chiefly of rolling and level prairies covered with
rich grasses.
The State is well wooded, and abundantly watered
with streams, rivers and lakes.
The Cascade Mountains, about one hundred and ten
miles from the ocean, divide the eastern from the western
portion of the State.
The soil of Eastern Oregon is generally silicious, and
but moderately fertile. In the southern part, known as
the Klamath Country or Lake Region, indian corn, wheat
and other grains, tobacco, root crops, vegetables, fruits,
flax, etc., are cultivated and yield abundantl}'. From
forty to fifty bushels of wheat to the acre, with imperfect
cultivation, being an ordinary crop.
Western Oregon is more hilly and mountainous than
the Eastern portion of the State, being of a different
geological formation, but contains many valleys of sur¬
passing beauty and fertility.
The principal of these are the Willamette, Umpqua
and Rogue River Valleys.
Willamette Valley is two hundred miles long and from
forty to seventy-five miles wide. It embraces about
five million acres of land, of which not more than
400,000 are under cultivation. The population num¬
bered 60,000 in 1870.
Umpqua Valley is seventy-five miles long with an
average width of forty miles. The face of the country
is undulating and in some parts hilly and mountainous.
Population 2,000 ; 30,000 acres of land under cultiva¬
tion.
Rogue River Valley is rather larger than Umpqua
Valley, and is celebrated for its mineral as well as
agricultural resources. It contains extensive and valu-
37
able deposits of gold, in placer diggings and quartz
veins, iron, coal, lead, silver and copper.
Population, about 6,000; 25,000 acres under cultivation.
The soil in these valleys is alluvial. It is a dark
rich loam and vegetable mold, of exceeding fine quality,
very tractable, and but little affected by drought. It is
especially suitable for the growth of cereals, although
producing corn, tobacco, vegetables, fruits, flax and
grasses of a quality, and in quantities the most aston¬
ishing.
In the year 1868, Linn County alone, which is in the
Willamette Valley, and contains 1,800,000 acres of land,
produced from 100,000 acres under cultivation, 400,000
bushels wheat, 600,000 bushels oats, 18.000 bushels corn,
11,000 bushels barley, 600,000 bushels potatoes, 107,000
bushels apples, 19,000 pounds tobacco, 264,000 pounds
wool, 523,000 pounds butter, and 9,000 pounds cheese.
The country also contained 20,000 head of cattle,
8,000 horses, 25,000 hogs and 50,000 sheep.
The falls of the Willamette at Oregon City furnish
power estimated to equal that of a million horses.
The climate of Western Oregon is mild and equable—
neither hot in summer nor cold in winter. Owing to the
proximity of the ocean, snow and frost, to any consider¬
able extent, are unusual. The average temperature at
Corvallis, on the Willamette River, is, spring 52°, summer
67e, autumn 53°, and winter 39e Fahrenheit; showing a
mean variation of only 28° during the year.
The salmon and other fisheries, and lumber trade, as
elements of wealth, are only exceeded in value by the
agricultural resources of the State,
Vast forests of pine and spruce, valuable for ship tim¬
ber and building purposes, easy of access from tide water,
cover the Coast Range of mountains. The Cascade and
other mountains are also densely and heavily wooded.
38
The principal cities and towns of Oregon, are : Astoria,
Ranier, St. Helens, Vancouver, Dalles City and Umatilla,
on the Columbia River; Portland, Oswego, Oregon City,
Salem, Corvallis and Eugene City, on the Willamette
River; Roseburg, on theUmpqua River; and Ellensburg,
Kerbyville and Jacksonville in the Rogue River Valley.
Portland has a population of 12,000, and gives constant
employment to fort}' river steamers. By sailing and
steam vessels, this city is in direct trade and commerce
with all parts of the world. With the completion of the
Oregon and California Railroad, which is rapidly pro¬
gressing to a connection with the great overland roads,
and the completion of other roads now projected and
being built, Portland will attain to a proud commercial
position.
Salem is the capital of the State, and has a population
of 4,000. The other towns have from 1,000 to 3,000
inhabitants each.
th the whole railway system of the United States,
'estern States, and the Canadas.
ex
Agent, Col. I. R. Moores, will furnish every facility for making
®'to Portland by water. Emigrants from Germany, Switzerland
a
SKETCH OF WESTERN OREGON
showing the route of the great Oregon and California Railroad—from
Portland, in Northern Oregon, southward to the California line.
The lands enuring to the Company under the Congressional Grant of
July '25th, 1866, being equal to Five Million Three hundred and fifty
Thousand acres.
These lands now open to settlement along the railroad in the Willa¬
mette, Umpqua and Rogue River Valleys, and in the region of the
Klamath Lakes, are unsurpassed in agricultural and timber wealth, and
in adaptation to stock-raising and wool-growing.
The Square No. 1 in the above sketch represents a "Township" of Land
embracing 8H "Sections"—so called—each one mile square, and containing
640 acres. The Sections enuring to the Company are those shaded.
The small square No. 2 represents a "Section." and is subdivisible into
Half Sections containing 320 acres, Quarter Sections of 160 acres, Half-
quarters of 80 acres, and Quarter-quarters of 40 acres.
3 5556 041 287681
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