g.u'S u
U S FeJ
t( S FA W.
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WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATIO
Harry L. Hopkins, Administrator
Corrington Gil I Howard B. Myers, Director
Assistant Administrator Social Research Division
Legislative Trends in State and Local Responsibility for Public Assistance
August I, 193* to January I, 1936
estern Un/Ve
March I, 1936
Preface
This analysis is based on an examination of the statutes
and on correspondence with the states. Tables III, IV
and V are a presentation for the 48 states of state and
local responsibility for 7 forms of relief (grants, pen¬
sions, and assistance) as of August I, 1934, August I,
1935, and January I, 1936, respectively. Tables I and
II summarize certain aspects of Tables III, IV and V,
presenting state and local variation in financial and
administrative provisions according to the types of re¬
lief. As used in this analysis, the term "financial re-
sponsi b i I i ty" means the responsibiIity of supplying
funds for the actual granting of relief; "administrative
responsibiIity" means the responsibility of actually
granting relief to a recipient; "supervisory responsi¬
bility" means the responsibiIity of directing, oversee¬
ing, or supervising the agency actually administering
the relief.
Prepared by
Robert C. Lowe and John L. Ho I combe
Legal Research Section
under the supervision of
Henry B. Arthur, Assistant Oirector
Division of Social Research
8680
ERRATA
LEGISLATIVE TRENDS IN STATE AND LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, AUGUST 1, 1934 to JANUARY 1, 1936
TABLE V
Statutory Placement of Financial and Administrative
Responsibility for Various Welfare Activities in the
Several States should he dated as of January 1. 1936,
instead of August 1, 1936.
The ninth line from the bottom of page #2 should
read, "—• , though there are still seventeen States with¬
out any provision".
- 1 -
Legislative Trends in State and Local Responsibility
for Public Assistance
Recent legislative developments in the field of public assist¬
ance reflect a marked trend away from the concentration of welfare
activities in the local units. In all classes of public assistance,
with the exception of soldiers* and sailors* relief, the number of
states placing full financial and administrative responsibiIity
upon local units has decreased since August 1934. In most types of
assistance the strongest trend has been toward state supervision of
local administration and division of financial responsibility, with
a less marked tendency for the state to assume full administrative
and financial responsibility.
The granting of poor relief has always been and is still al¬
most exclusively a local function in the United States. During the
period covered, the incidence of financial and administrative re¬
sponsibility has remained little changed. In 40 states financial
responsibility is still entirely local; only one state has taken
over any part of the financial responsibility since August 1934.
Six states have assumed some supervision of local units since
August 1934, but on January I, 1936, the local units in 34 states
still had complete administrative responsibility. In none of the
states is the financial responsibility entirely centralized in a
state agency, and only one state system is exclusively state ad-
mini stered.
The tendency toward centralization in the other types of re¬
lief makes the peculiarly local character of poor relief even more
striking. The caption "general relief" set forth in Tables I to V
is an arbitrary term utilized for the purpose of this analysis to
include state and local relief programs which do not fall within
the limits of the poor law or any of the specified categories. All
of the legislation classified under this head has been enacted
since 1931 and has generally been designated "emergency" or "unem¬
ployment relief". At the present time the administration of this
relief in several states has been transferred from emergency agen¬
cies to permanent state departments and it is felt that the terms
"emergency" or "unemployment relief" are no longer applicable in
these states. It is impossible, however, at this time to define
specifically this type of relief because the present period is one
ot transition. It is difficult to indicate a trend in the re¬
sponsibility imposed by the legislation, as in a great number of
states the general relief program has not, because of its emer¬
gency aspects had the necessary continuity upon which a trend could
be based. Changes Indicated by Tables I and II are more likely
to have been caused by new and independent legislation than by
changes within an established system. This class had been included
to give a true picture of the relief situation as of the dates
portrayed rather than for the purpose of indicating a trend within
an established cl assi f i cat ion* y.ftj ief activities.
- 2 -
The legislation granting aid to dependent children through
agencies and institutions has been only moderately affected by re¬
cent enactments. Since August 1934, two states have assumed part
of the financial burden, making a total of 27 states which now
share this responsibiIity with local units. Two states have under¬
taken the supervision of local activity in this field and one state
has undertaken part of the actual administration. Two others have
assumed supervision along with the direct administration of certain
phases of this type of relief. In ten states the administration is
sti11 who Ily local.
In contrast with provisions for institutional care of depend¬
ent children, considerable change has taken place in the legisla¬
tion providing for aid to dependent children in their own homes,
known under various state statutes as "Mothers' Aid" or "Widows'
Pensions". All but three states had some provision for this cate¬
gory before August 1934; one additional state has entered this
field since that date. Six states have assumed a share of the fi¬
nancial burden, bringing the total number so doing to twenty. The
number of states exercising supervision over local administration
has more than doubled since August I, 1934, most of the changes oc¬
curring since August I, 1935. Meanwhile the number of states actu¬
ally administering this type of aid has remained unchanged.
More changes have occurred in the category of old age assist¬
ance than any other. The number of states without any such assist¬
ance has decreased from nineteen to nine since August I, 1934. Fif¬
teen states bear the full financial responsibiI Ity, eight of which
have taken over this responsibility since August 1934. Five states
have assumed a share of the financial burden and at the present
time only six place this responsibility entirely on local units.
The number of states in which the administration is fully central¬
ized has increased from four to nine and responsibiIity for the su¬
pervision of local units has been imposed upon some state agency in
fourteen others, bringing the number in which administration is ex¬
clusively local down from fourteen to four.
The change which has taken place in the field of blind assist¬
ance is comparable to that in old age assistance. Seven states
have enacted blind assistance legislation during the period stud-
ied, though there are still seventeen states without provi¬
sion. The number of states with complete financial responsibility
has increased from four to ten. Seven states actually administer
blind assistance. Fourteen more supervise local activity, an in¬
crease of eight states since August 1934.
The field of soldiers' and sailors' relief has always been
highly centralized and the only change which has taken place is
that one state has assumed part of the financial and administrative
responsibiIity.
- 3 -
Summary
The recent legislation marks a definite shift from the tradi¬
tional conception of responsibility for welfare activities. Since
the largest part of the legislation has been in categories which
were not specifically provided for previous to this period, it is
in these classes that the trend toward centralization of responsi¬
bility has been most evident. The main currents in the trend of
this legislation have been:
1. Assistance has been extended to categories for which spec¬
ific legislation did not previously exist.
2. States have assumed some or all of the financial responsi¬
bility.
3. States have imposed supervision on local agencies, and, to
a lesser extent, have taken over actual administration.
TABLE I
DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Number of States
Type of Relief
Full State
Responsibi1i ty
Responsibi1ity
Shared
Ful 1 Local^
Responsibi1i ty
No Provision
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Poor Re 1ief
7
8
8
41
40
40
General Relief
1 1
17
16
18
19
19
5
4
4
14
8
9
Dependent Children
Agencies 4 1 nst itut ions
4
4
4
25
27
27
16
14
14
3
3
3b/
Aid to Dependent Chil¬
dren in Their Own Homes
2
2
2
14
17
20
29
26
24
3
3
2
Old Age Assistance
7
12
15
13
17
18
9
6
6
19
13
9
Blind Assistance
4
6
10
6
9
8
14
13
13
24
20
17
Soldiers' and Sailors'
Re 1ief
25
24
24
18
19
19
-
-
-
5
5
5
a/ Any political subdivision of a State.
jfe/ One State has the financial responsibility without the corresponding adminis¬
trative responsibiIity. (See Table H> last column, 4th line.)
TABLE I I
DISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Number of States
Type of Relief
Exclusive
State Ad-
mi ni strat ion
Complete State
Supervision,
Divided Admin-
i strat ion^
Divided Admin-
istration
(State and
Local I^
Local Adminis¬
tration State
Supervision
Exclusive
Local Adminis¬
tration^
No Provision
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1930
Aug.
1934
Aug.
1935
Jan.
1936
Poor Re 1ief
1
1
1
-
-
-
4
4
4
3
7
9
40
36
34
-
-
-
General Relief
10
17
17
3
3
3
4
7
7
13
1 1
10
4
2
2
14
8
9
Dependent Children
Agencies &lnstitut ions
1
1
1
7
8
9
15
16
16
6
8
8
15
1 1
10
4
4
4
Aid to Dependent Chil¬
dren in Their Own Homes
5
5
5
-
-
-
1
2
1
13
17
29
26
21
1 1
3
3
2
Old Age Assistance
4
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
1
11
23
25
14
6
4
19
13
9
Blind Assistance
4
6
7sj
1
—
—
—
—
6
9
14
14
12
10
24
20
17
Soldiers' and Sailors'
Relief
25
24
24
6
6
6
12
13
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
fi/ Any political subdivision of a State.
ti/ Actual administration of relief of definite classes within a specific category placed in State, while actual
administration of other definite classes within the same category placed in local unit.
£/ In 2 States subject to review by local court.
| STATES WITH FULL STATE RESPONSIBILITY || STATES WITH FULL LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY
^ STATES WITH SHARED RESPONSIBILITY Q STATES WITH NO PROVISION
GENERAL RELIEF*
AUG. 1934
AUG. 1935
JAN. 1936
OLD AGE ASSISTANCE
AUG. 1934
1935 ■■■■■■■
JAN. 1936 I J I ( "J | ': 11 j
BLIND ASSISTANCE
4ug. .934IIII11IIII1111111111111100DDDDDDD0D0D0D00DDDDDDD
aug. .933 iiiiilllllllllllllllllllllilODDDDODDDDDDDODDDDDD
jan >93e lllllllllllllliillilliiililiiiiDDDDDGGnDDGDDGOGG
AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN IN THEIR OWN HOMES
AUG. 1934
AUG. 1935
JAN. 1936
CHANGES IN STATE AND LOCAL FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
FOR SELECTED PUBLIC WELFARE ACTIVITIES
(NON-INSTITUTIONAL)
EACH RECTANGLE REPRESENTS ONE OF 48 STATES
* DIRECT OR WORK RELIEF (OTHER THAN POOR LAWS AND SPECIFIED CATEGORIES) NO. AF^IOEJ S°C'*L RESC*RCH
TABLE III
A - Actual Responsibility
s - Supervisory Responsibility
X - Financial Responsibility
statutory placement of financial and administrative responsibility for various
wafare activities in tmf several states as. or* august i, 1934
POOR RELIEF
GENERAL RELIEF JA/
AGENCIES AND I
hip tp ftp£np£
T CHILDREN
IN THEIR 0*N HONES
State
county
Other
Local Units
State
County
Other
Local Units
State
County
Other
Local Units
State
County
Other
Local Units
State
county
Ot
Local
her
uni ts
St/
te
Cot
inty
Ot
Local
her
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t 1 ve
x
x
a
x
a
Alabama
ar1 zona
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
Arizona
x
x
x
a
x
a
x
61/
x
a
Arkansas
a
x
a
x
s
x
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
A •/
x
a
x
a
California
x
6 1/
x
a
x
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
Colorado
x
a
x
s
x
x
x
a
x
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
Connecticut
XI/
6 1/
x
x 2/
» 21
x
a
x
x
a
delaware
X
x
a
x
s 1/
' a
Florida
x
x
>
v,
x
a
Georg1 a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
idaho
1ll1 no 16
a
x
a
x
x
s
x
a
x
x
a
x
. 1/
x
a
x
a
klir0i§
inoiana
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
inoiana
iowa
x
x
a
x
s 1/
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
ioba
Kansas
x
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
a 1/
x
a
Kansas
x
x
6 1/
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
Kentucky
lou isiana
x3/
a 3/
x
a
x
x
s
x
a
X
a
x
a
lou 181ana
maine
x
s
x
a
x
x
a
x
s
*
a
x
6
x
a
X
a
x
a
ma ine
Maryland
x
x
a 13/
x
a
X
a
x
x
x
a
x Aj
a 4/
x
a
x V
* £/
x
a
maryland
massachusetts
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
8 1/
x
a
massachusetts
x
x
a 1/
x
x
a
a
x
« \J
x
a
M1ch1gan
Minnesota
x
a
a
x
a
x
a
x
s 1/
x
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
Minnesota
M1ss18s1PP1
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
MississiPPi
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x 5/
A5/_
x
a
x
a
Missouri
x
a
x
a
x
x
x
* '/
x
a
x
a
x
a
montana
Nebraska
x
a
x
a
x
* 1/
X
x
a
x
a
X
a
x
s 1/
x
a
Nebraska
Nevada
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a J/
x
s
x
a
s
x
a
x
a
Nevada
Neb Hampshire
X
a
x
a
x
s 11/
x
a
x
a
s
x
x
a
X
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
« 1/
x
a
x
a
Neb Hampshire
New Jersey
X
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
6 V
x
x
a
a
x
x
s
x
a
s
x
a
x
x
a
Neb Jersey
x
a
X
a
x
a ./
x
x
6
x
a
NEW HEX| off
Neb York
x
a
x
a
x
s 1 1/
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x y
x
s
x
a
x
a
s
x
a
x 6/
* */
x
a
x
a
X
a
NEW YORK
North Carolina
x
a
8 1/
x
x
6
x
a
x
a
NORTH CAROL ima
X
a
x
a
x
X
a
x
s
a
x
a
NORTH (MMIA
Ohio
X
a
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
a
s
x
x
a
x
s
a
x
a
x
* 1/
x
a
Ohio
Oklahoma
x
a
X
a
x
a \j
x
x
a
x
a
Oklahoma
Oregon
X
a
x
L6
x
a
x
a \J
x
x
a
s
x
a
x
a \J
x
a
Oregon
Pennsylvania
*7/
A 7/
x
8
X
a
x
a
X
X
"V
at/
x
s
x
a
x
x
a
x
s
X
a
x
a
Pennsylvania
Nmooc Island
a
x
a
X
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
rhode island
South Carolina
X
a
x8/
a 8/
X
x
a 1/
x
a
South Carolina
Soutn Dakota
x
a
x
a
a
x
a
x
a
south ffekota
tcnne68ee
x
a
X
a \J
x
x
a
X
a
Tennessee
Texas
x
a
x
8
a
x
a \J
x
x
a
lEX*8
Utah
x
a
x
a
X
x
a
x
a
x
a
Utah
vermont
X
a
x
a
x
a
a
x
a
x
a
vermont
Virginia
X
a
X
a
X
s
X
x
a
x
s
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
virginia
Washington
x
a
X
a
x
8
x
a
x
a
X
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
washington
West Virginia
x
a
X
a
X
a
X
x
a
x
a
West Virginia
Wisconsin
X
a
X
a
x
6 1 1/
X
a
x
a
X
X
x
x
a
x
8
x
a
x
x
X
a
x
a 1/
x
a
x
a
Wisconsin
Wyoming
X
a
x
s
a
X
a 1/
x
x t
a
x
x
a
x
a
wyoming
OLD AGE ASSISTANCE
BLIND ASSISTANCE
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' RELIEF
\£J. AN arbitrary terr used for the purp06es of this analys16 to include what has been u8ually designated a8 emergency, unemployment, or other unspecified typc8 of relief (usually direct or bork relief), which 00 not core within the poor lab or ary of the specified categories.
j/. Actually administers irbtitutioral care.
g/. City of Wilmington.
3/. pari8he6.
^/. City of Baltimore. g/.
5/, City of St. Louis. iq/.
6/. City of Neb York. \ \/,
7/. poor 0 i8trictb. 12/.
§/« Cities of Charleston ano Columbia. 13/.
Administrative responbibility in State Bureau of Public Welfare ano County Commissioners jointly.
county court adm in18ter6 maternal aid} state board of public welfare a0minister8 separate 8y8tem qf aid to dependent children
State has both supervisory and direct administrative responsibility.
Neb pAstle City only.
State also supervises administration of State relief fwmos by the City of Baltimore.
n their obn home6•
TABLE V
LEGEND: A - Actual Responsibility
S - Supervisory Responsibility
x - Financial Responsibility
STATUTORY PLACEMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ACM I Nl STRATI VE RESPONSIBILITY FOR VARIOUS
WELFARE ACTIVITIES IN THE SEVERAL STATES AS OF tOGOST I, 1956
j-. J
AID TO
OEPENOEN T CHILDREN
POOR RELIEF
GENERAL
RELIEF
V
AGENCIES
AND
INSTITUTIONS
IN
THt R
OVN HOMES
OLD AGE
ASSISTANCE
BLINO ASS 1 STAN CI
SOLDIERS
' AND SAILOR
S* RELIEF
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
State
county
Local Units
state
County
Local
UN 1 t6
State
co
unty
Local
Units
state
county
Local
un 1 ts
State
County
Local
un 1 ts
State
count y
local
uni ts
State
county
Local
uni ts
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a dm in-
Fl-
a dm in-
Fi¬
A dm in-
Fi¬
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Fi-
a dm in-
Fi¬
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Fi¬
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Fi¬
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Fl-
Admin-
Fi¬
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Fi¬
Adm in-
Fi¬
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Fi¬
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Fi¬
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nan¬
1 stra¬
nan-
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nan¬
istra-
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1 stra-
nan-
1 stra¬
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cial
^ 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
Alabama
s
x
a
x
a
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
Alabama
Arizona
6
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
Arizona
Arkansas
x
A
x
a
x
a
a
x
a
x
6
a
x
a
x
6 \J
x
a
Arkansas
California
x
a
x
A
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a \J
X
A
x
A
cal1fornia
Colorado
X
a
x
a
x
8 1/
a
S
x
a
x
S
x
a
x
x
a
x
x
x
a
colorado
Connecticut
X
s
x
A
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
x
x
A
x
a
x
a
Connect icut
Oelaware
X
A
X
XI2/
*12/
*,'/
8 \J
x
a
x 2/
» 2/
x
a
x
x
a
Delaware
Florida
X
a
x
a
X
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
6 \J
t
Florida
Georgia
X
a
x
x
8 j/
x
A
Georgia
Ioaho
x
a
x
a
x
a
6
X
a
S
x
a
x
a
x
a
1daho
illinois
x
A
x
a
x
a
x
A
x
a
x
a
x
8
X
a
x
6
A
x
s
x
a
x
8 i/
x
a
x
A
Illinois
Indiana
a
x
A
x
8
x
a
x
A
x
A
S
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
a
s
x
A
Indiana
iowa
x
a
x
A
x
A
x
a
x
8 «/
x
a
•
6
x
A
x
a
x
a
X
a \J
x
A
iowa
kan8a8
x
a
x
A
x
a
x
A
x
A
x
a
x
A
kansas
Kentucky
x
A
x
a
x
8 2/
x
A
8
x
A
x
A
x
a
x
A
Kentucky
Louisiana
x 3/
A 3/
x
a
x
x
s
x
a
6
x
a
x
a
lou 161 ana
Maine
x
a
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
S
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
k
A
x
A
Maine
Marylano
X
A
X
ai3/
X
A
A
X
X
A
S
X
A
x 4/
A 4/
X
6
X
A
* V
A 4/
S
X
A
x 4/
A 4/
X
A
Marylano
Massachusetts
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
s
X
A
X
S
X
A
X
8 V
X
A
Massachuset t8
Michigan
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A 1/
X
A
6
X
A
X
s
A
X
A \J
X
A
Minnesota
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A
x
8 \J
X
A
X
6
X
A
X
A
X
X
A
X
A
Minnesota
Mississippi
8
X
A
X
A
X
8
X
A
X
s
A
X
6
A
X
A
Mississippi
Missouri
8
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A 1/
X
a
X
A
6
X
A
x 5/
A 5/
X
6
A
A 5/
X
6
a
X
A
Mlssouri
Montana
X
a
X
a
X
X
X
A 1/
a
A
X
6
X
A
X
A
Montana
Nebraska
8
X
A
X
X
A
x
8 \J
X
A
x
8
X
A
X
8
A
X
s
X
A
X
s j/
X
A
Nebraska
Nevada
8
X
A
x
A
X
A
X
A \J
X
A
6
X
A
6
X
A
X
A
Nevaoa
Mew Hampshire
x
A
x
A
x
s
X
a
X
a
s
x
A
X
A
x
A
X
6
X
a
x
s
X
A
x
a \J
x
a
x
a
New Hampshire
New Jersey
x
A
X
A
X
A
x
X
x
8 ^
X
A
X
A
A
x
6
X
A
6
X
A
X
X
A
New Jersey
Hew Mexico
X
A
X
A
X
a
X
8 V
X
A
x
S 9/
X
A
New Mexico
Mew york
X
* j/
X
A
x
A
X
ell/
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A
6
X
A
x v
A 6/
X
s
x
A
X
A
s
X
A
x y
A 6/
X
A
X
A
X
a
New York
k>«TH Carolina
x
A
8 1/
X
A
x
6
x
A
X
A
North Carolina
)4orth Dakota
x
A
X
8
X
A
6
X
A
s
x
A
X
A
X
A
north Oakota
0HIO
x
A
X
A
X
s
X
A
x
A
S
X
A
x
A
X
8
A
X
A
X
a 1/
X
a
OH 10
Oklahoma
x
A
X
8
X
A
x
A 1/
X
A
X
A
X
A
X
A
x
6
x
A
Oklahoma
Oregon
X
X
A
x
8 11/
X
A
x
a 1/
X
A
x
6
X
A
X
S
X
A
X
6
A
X
A V
X
A
Oregon
Pennsylvan1 a
X y
A 7/
X
8
X
A
X
A
X
X
A
X 7/
* I1
X
8
X
A
X
6
x
A
X
8
A
X
A
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
X
A
X
A
X
S
X
A
x
A
x
A
x
s
X
a
X
A
x
X
A
X
A
South Carolina
x
A
«e/
*2/
X
a
X
A \J
X
a
South Carolina
South Dakota
x
a
x
A
a
x
a
V
A
South Oakota
Tennessee
X
a
x
A
x
a 1/
X
a
X
a
X
a
Tennessee
Texas
x
A
x
a 1/
X
a
X
a
X
6
A
X
A
Utah
x
a
x
A
X
a
X
A
x
A
x
a
X
A
Vermont
X
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
A
X
A
v1r61 n 1 a
X
a
x
a
x
8
X
A
x
a
x *
8
X
A
x
a
X
A
X
a
bashington
8
X
A
x
a
x
A
8
X
a
x
610/
X
A
x
A
x
a
X
A
X
Best Virginia
x
A
x
A
x
a
X
a
x
A
x
A
bi8c0n6in
x
A
x
a
x
all/
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
8
x
A
X
x
8
x
A
x
x
6
x
a
X
A \J
X
A
X
A
Byoming
6
x
a
x
6
a
x
A i/
x
a
8
x /
a
x
A
x
x
s
.a
x
a
Byoming
iV. AN ARBITRARY TERM U8E0 TOR PURPOSES Of THIS ANALYSIS TO INCLUDE SNA T HAS BEEN USUALLY DESIGNATED AS EMERGENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, OR OTHER UNSPECIFIED TYPES OF RELIEF (USUALLY DIRECT OR SORK RELIEF), RHI CM DO ROT CORE SITMIN THE POOR LAR OR ANY OF THE SPECIFIED CATEGORIES,
T/. Actually administers institutional care. •
2/. City of vilmington.
3/. parishes.
a/. City of Baltimore. g/. Administrative responsibility in State Bureau of Public Belt-are and County Commissioners jointly.
£/. City of St. Louis. \q/, county court administers maternal aidi State Boaro of Public Belfare administers separate system of aid to dependent children in their own homes.
6/. City of New York. \jy, state has both supervisory and direct administrative responsibility.
7/. Poor Districts. 12/. New Castle City only.
j/. Cities of Charleston and Columbia. 13/. State also supervises administration of State relief funds by the City of Baltimore.
LEGEND: A
S
X
- Actual Responsibility
- Supervisory Responsibility
- Financial Responsibility
STATUTORY PLACEMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ADM III I STRATI VE RESPONSIBILITY FOR VARIOUS
WELFARE ACTIVITIES IN THE SEVERAL STATES AS OF AUGUST I. 19 35
±/
AID TO
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
POOR RELIEF
GENERAL
RELIEF
AGENCIES AND
INST ITU HONS
IN
THEIR
OWN HOMES
OLC
AGE ASS IS TAN
CE
BLINO ASSISTANCE
SOLDIERS' AND
SAILORS' RELIEF
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
State
County
Local
uni ts
State
county
Local
un 1 ts
state
County
Local
uni ts
State
COUNT y
Local
Un i is
State
county
Local
uni ts
state
county
Local
un 1 ts
State
county
Local
uni ts
Fi¬
admin-
Fi¬
Admin-
Fi¬
admin-
Fi¬
admin-
Fi¬
Admin-
Fi¬
admin-
Fi¬
Admin-
Fi¬
Aomin-
Fi¬
Aouin-
Fi¬
Admin—
Fl-
Admin-
Fi¬
Admin-
Fi¬
Advin-
Fi¬
Aomin-
Fi¬
Adm in-
Fi¬
Adm in-
Fi¬
admin-
Fi¬
admin-
FI-
admin-
Fi¬
Admin-
Fi-
Aom in-
nan¬
1 stra¬
nan¬
i stra-
nan¬
istra-
nan¬
1 stra-
nan¬
1s tra-
nan¬
1stra—
nan¬
istra-
nan¬
istra —
nan¬
istraJ
nan¬
istra-
nan-
1 stra¬
nan¬
istra-
nan¬
istra-
nan¬
1stra-
nan¬
istra-
nan¬
1stra-
nan¬
1stra-
nan¬
1stra-
nan-
1stra-
nan¬
i6tra-
n an
1stra-
cial
ti ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
TI ve
cial
tive
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 vc
c ial
TI ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
c ial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
cial
t 1 ve
Alabama
s
x
a
x
a
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
Alabama
Arizona
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
Arizona
Arkansas
x
a
x
a
x
a
a
x
a
x
s
a
x
a
x
s \J
x
a
Arkansas
Cal ifornia
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
A 1/
x
a
x
a
caliform1a
colorado
x
a
x
a
x
s \J
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
Colora oo
Connecticut
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
Connecticut
Delaware
x
a
x
x 12/
.12/
X ,/
8 j/
x
a
* y
a 2/
x
a
x
x
a
Delaware
Florida
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
6 1/
a
FloriOA
Georgia
x
a
x
x
8 1/
x
a
Georgia
Idaho
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
Illinois
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
a
x
x
a
x
s 1/
x
a
x
a
1ll1 no 16
1no 1ana
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
indiana
iowa
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
8 1/
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
A V
x
a
1 oba
xan6as
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
*
x
A
x
a
Kansas
Kentucky
x
a
x
a
x
s 1/
x
a
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
Kentucky
Louisiana
x 3/
A 3/
x
a
x
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
Louisi ana
Maine
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
A
mai ne
Marylano
x
a
x
a 13/
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
x 4/
a 4/
X
s
X
a
X 4/
a 4/
x
a
Maryland
Massachusetts
x
a
x
a
x
a
1
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s \J
x
A
Massachusetts
M1ch1gan
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
* !/
x
a
x
a
x
8 \J
x#
a
x
A V
x
a
M 1 ch1gan
Minnesota
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
6 1/
x
c
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
a
Minnesota
M1861ss1pp1
x
a
x ( a
x
a
x
a
Mississippi
M i 660ur 1
6
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a 1/
x a
x
a
x
a
x 5/
A 3/
x
s
a
x
a
x
a
Missouri
Montana
x
a
x
a
x
x
x
a \J
*
x
A
x
s
x
a
x
a
Montana
Nebraska
x
a
x
x
a
x
a \J
x
«
x
A
x 1 s
a
x
a
x
8 1/
X
a
Nebraska
Nevada
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a 1/
'
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
Nevada
Neb Hampshire
x
a
x
a
x
6
x
a
x"
a
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
S
x
a
x
A i/
x
a
x
a
Neb Hampshire
New Jersey
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
x
8 '/
x
x
a
a
x
x
a
•
x
A
x
x
a
Neb jersey
Neb Mexico
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
8 1/
x
a
1
x
x
a
Neb Mexico
Neb York
x
* 1/
x
a
x
a
x
•ii/
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x 6/
A t/
x
s
x
a
x
A
6
x
A
x 6/
. «/
x
a
x
a
x
A
Neb York
North Carolina
x
a
8 j/
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
a
North Carolima
North Oakota
x
a
x
6
x
a
6
x
A
6
x
a
x
s
a
x
a
<*iq
x
a
x
a
x
1
x
a
x
a
8
x
a
1
x
a
x
s
a
x
A
x
a 1/
x
a
Oklahoma
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a 1/
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
Oregon
x
x
a
x
• 11/
x
a
x
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
A J/
x
a
Oregon
Pennsylvania
X y
* 7/
x
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x 1J
A V
x
s
x
a
x
•
x
a
x
8
x
a
x
A
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
x
a
x
a
x
8
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
x
A
x
x
A
Rhode Islano
South Carolina
x
a
x 8/
a 8/
x
a
x
A V
V
A
South Carol ima
South Oakota
x
a
x
a
a
x
A
X
Temmessee
x
a
x
a
x
a 1/
x
a
x
a
x
A
ffxas
x
a
x
s
a
x
a 1/
x
a
x
a
t
Utah
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
Utah
Vermont
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
A
x
a
Vermomt
Virginia
x
a
x
a
x
6
x
a
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
*
A
Washington
6
x
a
x
a
x
a
s
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
A
6
x
a
x
a
x
■est Virginia
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
■16c0ns1n
x
a
x
a
x
• M/
x
a
x
a
x
x
a
x
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
x
x
a
x
A V
x
a
x
A
■yoming
s
x
a
x
s
a
x
a V
x
a
s
x
a
x
s
x
a
x
s
a
x | a
■yoming
!£/.
V-
y-
y-
*/■
y-
6/.
y-
y-
bn arb itrahy term used eor the purp06e6 of this analysis to include rhat mas been usually oesionateo as emergency, unebploynent. or other unspecified types of r'lief (usually direct or work relief)
Actually administers institutional care.
City of Vilmington.
PARI8HES.
City of Baltimore.
City of St. Louis.
City of Ner York.
Poor Districts.
Cities of Charleston and Columbia.
rhich do not come rithin the poor lar or any of the specified categories.
2/-
_io/.
11/-
12/.
13/.
Administrative responsibility in State Bureau of Public Ielfare and County Commissioners jointly.
County Court administers maternal aid; State Board of Public Welfare administers separate system
State has both supervisory ano oirect administrative responsibility.
New Castle City only.
State also supervises administration of State relief funds by the City of Baltimore.
of aid to dependent children in their own homes.
TABLE III
LEGEND: A - Actual Responsibility
S - Supervisory Responsibility
X - Financial Responsibility
STATUTORY PLACEMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR VARIOUS
WaFARE ACTIVITIES IN T.f SEVERAL STATES AS 0#« AUGUST I, 1934
POOR RELIEF
Fi-^
nan-
c i al
a dm in-
i stra¬
ti ve
Fi¬
nan¬
cial
a dm in—
i6tra-
t i ve
Other
Local Units
Fi¬
nan¬
cial
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actu^l^a«,n"^er^!ns^^u^0^pl8re.0f ™" analv8'8 " °",0mate0 " unemployment, or other unspecified types of relief (usually direct or nork relief), which 00 not come ni thin the poor LA. or any of the
City of Vilninqton.
parishes.
City of Baltimore.
City of St. Louib.
City of Nen York.
Poor Districts.
Cities of Charleston ano Columbia.
9/. Administrative responsibility in State Bureau of Public Velfare and County Commissioners jointly.
\0/. County court aoministers maternal aioj State Board of Public Velfare administers separate system qf aio to depenoent children in their onn hones.
J_!/- State has both supervisory ano direct administrative responsibility.
12/. Wen Qaetle City only.
J3/. State also supervises administration of State relief funds by the city of Baltimore.
spec ifieo categories.