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WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
J73U New York Avenue, N. W,
Washington, D. C.
THE AMERICAN GUIDE MANUAL
FEDERAL WRITER$1.PROJECTS
henry g. al8berg
d1 rector
October 1935
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6833
THE AMERICAN GUIDE MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. SET-UP OE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT
Describing Organization of the Guide; Classes of Workers Available;
Personnel Functions and Responsibilities; Field Procedure; Editorial
Procedure; and Giving Instructions to Regional Supervisors, State
Supervisors, Local Supervisors, Field Supervisors, and Local Field
Workers.
II. QUESTIONNAIRES
Covering All Categories of Data and Information for Use in the Guide.
III. EXAMPLES OF LOCAL PROJECT TREATMENT
Typical Treatments for Rural, Rural-Urban, and Urban Projects, and of
Details within These Divisions.
IV. GUIDE STYLE MANUAL
Form and Style for the Preparation of Guide Manuscripts.
PART I
SET-UP OF FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT
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INDEX
Writers' Projects and the American Guide 4
Organization of the Guide 5
Classes of Workers Available 6
Personnel Functions and Responsibilities 7
Writers' Projects Already in Progress 9
Reports on Progress and Efficiency 9
Volunteer Assistants and Consultants 9
Field Procedure 12
Data Production 17
Editorial Procedure .20
Space and Equipment Requirements 30
Regions for Guide Books -31
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WRITERS' PROJECTS AND THE AMERICAN GUIDE
Writers' Projects are included in the Professional and Service Projects Division
of the Works Progress Administration. The American Guide is a Federal Writers'
Project sponsored by the WPA. The following description and instructions apply
only to the Guide.
Character and Purpose. The American Guide, to be published in five regional vol¬
umes, is designed to meet the need of a comprehensive guide to the United States,
arranged by states, cities, and counties. Its purpose is to provide residents of
communities, tourists, students, authors, and research workers with an inclusive
picture of the scenic, historical, cultural, recreational, economic, aesthetic,
and commercial and industrial resources of the country; with (l) information that
is not now readily available or is scattered in various sources; (2) an under¬
standing of the native and folk backgrounds of rural localities; and (3) a con¬
venient and compact series of reference books, for tours, sight-seeing, and inves¬
tigation of notable landmarks, objects of interest, fictional association, or
other data of value to citizens throughout the country. Since it will supplement
but not supersede road guides and other private publications, it is non-competi¬
tive and non-commercial. In its general scope it is intended to be of service to
all private tour agencies, public carriers, local and national associations hav¬
ing to do with the conservation of historic monuments, natural beadties, and the
like, chambers of commerce and civic bodies, recreational clubs and societies,
and all enterprises, public and private, which minister to the varied interests
of the general public. As by-products of the National Guide, material will be
deposited in the states and local districts for state and local guides. To make
the American Guide the standard authoritative work of its kind, it is necessary t
have the unflagging enthusiasm and cooperation of the entire personnel. It is
6833
expected that every member of the field o.r.d editorial staffs will feel a personal
responsibility toward the work, both as regards quality and accuracy. No pains
should be spared to make the data reliable and inclusive.
ORGANIZATION OF THE GUIDE
The American Guide organization as well as other liters' projects will operate
with and through the field organization of the Works Progress Administration. At
all times the supervisory and field personnel of the Guide will be responsible
in its administration to WPA authority.
Federal Director and Associate Director of Writers' Projects. The Federal Direc¬
tor of Writers' Projects in the Guide Central Office in Washington is in charge
of all writers' projects, of which the Guide is one. His office will compile all
the information gathered throughout the United States. An Associate Director in
the office reports directly to him.
Regional Supervisor of the Guide. A Regional Supervisor will represent the Guide
Central Office in several states. In all likelihood this individual will be on
the payroll of a particular state and will supervise the work in contiguous states
as well as his own.
State Director of Writers' Projects. In most states there will be appointed a
State Director of Writers' Projects who will be on the payroll of the State Assist
ant Director in charge of Professional and Service Projects, an official already
functioning as a member of the regular State Works Progress Administration. The
major function of the State Director of Writers' Projects will be to serve as the
State Supervisor of the American Guide, although he will direct other writers'
projects as well. In this Manual the State Director of Writers' Projects will be
referred to as the State Supervisor of the American Guide.
Guide State Office. The Guide State Office is the office of the American Guide
Project in the locality where the WPA State Office is. This office will carry on
not onlythe functions of 'writing the report for the particular county in which
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it is situated, but will also coordinate the information gathered in all the Local
£uide Offices of the state. In charge of the coordinating work in this office
will be an Assistant Guide State Supervisor. He will be aided by a research edi¬
tor and other assistants needed to coordinate the reports from the Local Offices
for submission to the Guide Central Office in Washington. The remaining functions
of this State Office will be the regular functions of a Local Office such as is
discussed in the next paragraph.
Local Office. The Local Office will be responsible for gathering all Guide in-
formation in the territory in which it is located. In charge of this office
will be a Local Guide Supervisor. The Local Guide Supervisor will be aided by
Local Field Workers and clerical workers.
CLASSES OF WORKERS AVAILABLE
There will be three principal classes of workers available for employment in this
project:
(1) Professional Workers include those who are technically writers or authors;
who have made writing their profession or have contributed articles, stories, or
reports to publications; journalists and editorial workers; historians, research
workers, art and literary critics, architects, archeologists, map draftsmen,
geologists, and other specialists in fields covered by the Guide, newspapermen
on evidence of competency or experience will be classified as Professional Tforkers.
Also included are graduates of institutions, who have been educated in sociology,
economics, civic planning, or any other category of cultural subject included in
the Guide field of investigation. Commercial or industrial professional workers
may be considered eligible.
(2) Skilled Workers include draftsmen, assistants in cartography, field research,
library or documentary research, and other assistants in the above categories; also
secretarial personnel.
(3) Intermediate Workers include less experienced persons in the above fields, as
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6833
well as clerical and stenographic workers, etc.
(4) Unskilled Workers as may he necossary for operation.
PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Responsibilities of the State Supervisor. At the time of his appointment the
State Supervisor will receive from the Guide Central Office special instructions
regarding the method of setting up Local Offices; classification of workers; ap¬
pointment and salaries of Local Supervisors; payment of salaries and other dis¬
bursements; and the method of securing personnel both for the editorial and im¬
mediate office staff of the Supervisor and the Assistant State Supervisor. Other
supplementary instructions will also be issued at this time covering details in
the process of work organization.
Soace and Equipment. Preliminary to the establishment of a State Office, the
Guide Central Office will have endeavored to secure through the WPA State Assis¬
tant Director in charge of Professional and Service Projects the space and initial
equipment for the State Office of the Supervisor. If such arrangements shall not
have been completed, the matter should be taken up at once with the WPA State
Assistant Director. It is expected that, because of the fact that the Guide will
be of immeasurable value to all communities, no great difficulties will be experi¬
enced in securing office space and equipment. If difficulties are encountered by
the Local Supervisor, he should report them at once to the State Supervisor, and
the latter, if unable to solve them himself, should consult with the WPA State .
Assistant Director in charge of Professional and Service Projects. It is essenti'
that no time be wasted in negotiating for■voluntary contributions of space and
equipment.
At the time of his appointment, also, the State Supervisor will receive specific
information regarding office supplies, stationery, and the like. Following the
setting up of the State Office, the Supervisor should make every effort to secure
Volunteer Assistants and Consultants for the state project, as well as a State
Advisory Committee (see p. 10).
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Research Editors and Research Field Assistants. At every stage in the gathering
of data for the Guide, research will he necessary. Most of the questions in the
Questionnaires (see p. 32) will require research of one sort or another. The
Guide Central Office will have its Research Editor; the State Office will have
its Research Editor; and the Local Office will have its Field Research Assistant.
It will be the duty of the Local Field Research Assistant to become familiar with
all sources of research information available in printed form and direct the Local
Field Workers toward the records, documents, books, and publications where mater¬
ial may be found.
State Editorial Assistants. State Assistant Editors, appointed by the State Super
visor from among Professional Workers for duties in the State Office, will edit
and condense Field Editorial Copy according to the instructions on p. 17, follow¬
ing the Guide Style Manual in its preparation and guided by the examples given in
this Manual. State Assistant Editors should examine Field Editorial Copy for
possible errors or inaccuracies and endeavor to check data by reference to authori¬
tative sources. They should select, edit and supplement bibliographies (see p.19)
and should be prepared to suggest further sources of information on any subject.
Other Office Personnel. Skilled or Intermediate workers may be employed either in
secretarial or stenographic capacities or as office assistants engaged in handling
reports, classifying data, and cataloguing supplementary information received from
chambers of commerce, local associations, or other advisory bodies. If advisable,
the Local Supervisor may assign either Skilled or Intermediate Workers to library
research, field work, or any other activity that may be within their capacity,
when such additional help is needed in carrying on the work of data assemblage.
Filing will be an important function of Skilled and Intermediate Workers (see p.21
State Field Assistants. One or more State Field Assistants, appointed by the
State Supervisor from among Professional Workers, will represent him in the field.
The duties of such assistants will include the checking and inspection of field
work in districts; the coordination of information between districts to produce
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continuity of tours; and such help as may he necessary to secure voluntary assis¬
tance for Local Offices.
Local Offices and Field Staff. In addition to securing his Local Office and
field staff, the Local Supervisor will as soon as possible engage the assistance
of Volunteer Consultants (see "below), and endeavor to form a Local Advisory Com¬
mittee. The Local Field Workers who compose the field staff will he responsible
in their work to their Local Supervisors. They must familiarize themselves with
all details of the Guide Manual; prepare field notes and. Field Continuities (see
p. 17); secure such voluntary assistance as is necessary; and deliver to the Local
Supervisor their Weekly Field Reports (see p. 15), which will he forwarded-to the
State Office.
Field Work. The method of gathering field data, making notes, writing continui¬
ties, and editing copy is described on pages 17 to 19. Local Field Workers should
get in touch with Volunteer Assistants and Consultants at the earliest opportunity.
Local Field Workers will be supplied with Weekly Field Report blanks, which they
will deliver to the Local Supervisor regularly and in the manner specified on the
form.
WRITERS' PROJECTS ALREADY IN PROGRESS
Where a city or state has already undertaken a 'writers' project, the State Super¬
visor will report to the Guide Central Office the precise character of such proj¬
ect; he will describe and enumerate the personnel and field staff; and he will
offer suggestions, if the project i3 suitable for incorporation in the Guide or
some other Federal Writers' Project.
REPORTS ON PROGRESS AND EFFICIENCY
As a check on the field work, the State Supervisor must get periodic reports from
Local Works Progress Administrators as to the progress and efficiency of the local
Guide representatives, field staffs, and supervisors.
VOLUNTEER ASSISTANTS AND CONSULTANTS
At every point in the preparation of the Guide voluntary assistance will be of the
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6833
greatest importance. At Washington the Guide Central Office will have the coopera¬
tion and advice of all the national societies and associations which may he of
service in supplying authoritative information. A list of these will he forwarded
to each State Supervisor. The supervisor should get in touch with all branches
or affiliated associations connected with the national organizations. In addi¬
tion there will he state historical societies; societies for the preservation of
natural beauties and landmarks and for the conservation of game, birds, fish, and
wild life in general; trail and mountain clubs; and bodies interested in public
health, state parks, motoring, yachting, canoeing, and the like, and in folklore
and handicrafts, and in aeronautics, and in forests and wild flowers, and in
festivals; foundations for the promotion of art, music, drama, civic planning, and
other communal activities.
In the state universities and other educational and cultural institutions certain
members of the faculties will be authorities in fields of research covered by the
Guide. These should be consulted, both in the preliminary surveys of material
and during the progress of the research. It is advisable to submit completed
manuscripts to these qualified persons for final checking.
In every state, also, there are special authorities in history, geology, folklore,
rural life, local and state biographies, wild life, architecture, and the like,
who will be valuable consultants for the Guide.
Advisory Committees. Trie State Supervisor at an early stage in organization should
form a State advisory Committee, selected from authorities in. various fields and
i
from officers of contributory and consultative associations and bodies. Such a
committee should be representative of the fields of i"formation covered in the
Guide as well as of the state interests to which it will contribute. But the
committee should not'be so large as to be cumbersome and its function should be
limited strictly to advice and consultation.
Similarly, the Local Supervisor should form a Local Advisory Committee repre-
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6833
senting the elements contributory to the Guide in Ids community.
Material Assistance. Besides the cultural and informational assistance indicated
above, it will be necessary to secure assistance in transporting Local Field
Workers to rural fields of investigation. Much of the material wanted in the
Guide will be found at some distance from urban centers. The Local Supervisor
may apply for such assistance either to members of cooperating organizations, as
already listed, or chambers of commerce, or other interested commercial and civic
bodies. Since the cities and towns nearest to scenic and other attractions will
profit by any influx of tourists, urban officials and commercial organizations
should be glad to cooperate in effecting the gathering of data, in adjoining
rural areas. The same will be true in securing office space and equipment.
Local Volunteer Assistance. To a lesser extent the Local Supervisor may rely on
local and county organizations, historical and otherwise. But many individuals
should be of service: curators of museums and public collections; local his¬
torians or specialists in any field; individuals who make a hobby of local lore,
personal histories or records of important personages who have lived in the
vicinity; teachers of certain subjects; officers or secretaries of recreational
and other clubs, chambers of commerce, and the like.
Libraries, Historical Societies. Archivists. Libraries usually have fairly com¬
plete bibliographies yielding city and country data. County histories, of which
many were published some years ago, are fertile sources both for landmarks and
personages. Most counties have county historical societies with, archives avail¬
able. In nearly all states the State Archivist is a valuable source of informa¬
tion and bibliogr&ffey.
How to Beach Volunteer Consultants. State Supervisors may discover the names of
associations and authorities to be consulted through application to the WEA State
Director of Professional and Service Projects, state officials or librarians, or
6333
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state educational institutions. Local Supervisors should apply to the local
librarian, the local educational institution, chamber of commerce, or other
civic or county body. In both instances the Supervisor should have ready a defi¬
nite plan as to the type and extent of information desired. The Local Field
Worker also should make inquiries as to detailed sources of information. The
Local Field Research Assistant, appointed by the Local Supervisor, should inves¬
tigate and report all possible sources of volunteer assistance available to the
Local Field Workers.
FIELD PROCEDURE
After the Local Field Worker has received his appointment, the first step will be
a careful reading of the Guide Manual.
The Local Supervisor will assign to each member of his field staff a specific
line of research, following the order of topics in the Questionnaires. The method
of gathering data may be through (a) observation of physical features, (b) inter¬
views with Volunteer Consultants, (c) documentary research and investigation. In
the case of (b) it is essential that any and all information should be checked
as to accuracy, if possible by records or documents, or by other authoritative
sources of information. Local bias, commercial interest, or local pride should
be discounted. Such statements as 11 the best", "the most important" and "the
finest" should be accepted with caution. Overemphasis or overstatement in
describing or commenting upon local material should bo avoided. Whenever valu¬
able information is supplied by a Volunteer Consultant, a memorandum should be
attached giving the name and address of such an individual, for the use of the
State and Central Offices.
Field Rotes, Field Continuities and Field Editorial Copy. Data will appear first
in the form of field notes, which may be as abbreviated as may be necessary
DO OO
(in shorthand, for instance), hut should be detailed enough for transcription
into Field Continuities (FC) by the Local Field Workers, The next stage will be
condensation into Field Editorial Copy (FEC). See p, 17.
Documentary and Literary Research. Public and private libraries? city, county,
or district records; private collections and documents; libraries and records
of associations, educational institutions, and even of certain industrial plants
will be of service to the Local Field Research Assistant, who will make them
known to the Local Field Workers. In gathering literary, historical, statistical,
or other data, Local Field Workers should be sure that the infornation is the
latest and most accurate available. Where a bibliography is appended, the names
of author, publisher, place, also date of publication and character of edition
(whether revised, etc.), should be given, (See section on Bibliography, pp. 19
and 20.)
When important private documents are inspected, this fact should be communicated
to the State Supervisor, together with the name and address of owner. It maybe
possible to secure such documents, with a view to depositing originals or copies
in public collections or libraries. Staff photographers may photostat material
of this sort.
The source of all printed information is of the greatest importance and should be
>w
given, parenthetically or by bibliography, in the finished report. The selection
and condensation of documentary material is a test of the Local Field Worker's
sense of proportion. For instance, a county history in two volumes may produce
only a single paragraph of significant facts for incorporation in the finished
report. A book on the flora and fauna of a certain district may be condensed
into a sentence or two.
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Weekly Reports. A Weekly Field Report form (see p. 15) will be provided for use
by Local Offices. If Field Editorial Copy is not sent to the State Office every
week, the report must be filled out to indicate the progress of the Field Con¬
tinuity. FEC must be sent to the State Office at intervals not exceeding two
weeks. On the report attached to such copy will be indicated the stage of the
local project reached by the Local Field Worker. This state of progress may
relate either to a physical portion of the district covered or to certain cate-
gorieswof the Questionnaire covering the whole district. That is, a town or
township of the county may be completed in its entirety, or a special category
(topography, history) may be completed for county or district.
These Weekly Field Reports will be in addition to administrative reports, which
will be filled out according to instructions given by the State Offices.
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6033
(To be filled out by Local Field Workers and sent
by Local Supervisors to State Supervisors)
WEEKLY FIELD REPORT
Date for week Local Office:
ending
District assigned in County Stats
If you are attaching editorial copy to this report, fill out (A).
If you are merely reporting progress, fill out (B).
A (Editorial copy attached)
Number of words Special topic assigned
Part of assigned district or county covered in this report
(Township, village, town, quarter, or city, etc.)
Questionnaire categories incomplete or missing; list below with reasons for
omission, i.e. whether material is still to be covered or
whether the questions are not applicable to your territory.
B (Report of progress, no copy attached)
Part of assigned territory you are now investigating
Special categories of Questionnaire you are working on (list below)
Are you reducing your field notes to a Field Continuity?
Date of last editorial copy transmitted to State Office
When do you expect to forward your next editorial copy?
Time needed to finish present topic
Note: This form will be supplied by State Offices.
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WEEKLY FIELD REPORT (Reverse Side)
Special Memoranda
If you are faced by any problems in cooperation, make suggestions here for
advice and assistance from your State Supervisor.
If there are any special conditions worthy of note in your territory, affect¬
ing your work, state them.
If you wish the State Office to enter into correspondence with any individuals
or agencies in your territory, give names and reasons.
Signed
Local Field Worker
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DATA PRODUCTION
6833
While no uniform rate of data production can be insisted upon because of vary¬
ing local conditions, the Guide Central Office is desirous of securing a fair¬
ly even production throughout the country in order to avoid congestion or slack
periods. This result can be achieved only through the sustained enthusiasm
and cooperation of the Local Field Workers and field administrative personnel.
It is absolutely essential to make the American Guide the complete, standard,
authoritative work on the United States as a whole and of every part of it.
No effort must be spared to insure accuracy in every detail. The test of its
final excellence will be the breadth of information, presented in a succinct
readable style.
The steps in the assembling of data are as follows:
(1) Field notes taken by Local Field Workers.
(2) Assembling of such notes in literary form as Field Continuities (FC), i.e.
field notes written up in readable form.
(3) Revision and condensation of continuities by Local Field Workers, in ac¬
cordance with Guide Manual of Style and tentative limitations of district
quotas. This will constitute the Field Editorial Copy (PEC).
(4) The FEC will be forwarded periodically by Local Field Workers to the State
Office for editing by the State Editorial Staff. The product of such
editing will constitute the State Editorial Cory (SEC).
(5) The SEC will be forwarded to the Guide Central Office for final editing
as Central Editorial Copy (CEC).
Rate of Production. The average field worker on location, after the prelimin¬
ary survey (see section on Field Procedure, p. 12), should produce notes which,
when written up, will form a Field Continuity of 1,500 to 2,000 words weekly.
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6833
Condensation of this PC will result in a PEC of 500 to 1,000 words per week.
Disposition of Field Continuities. The FC (unabridged editorial field copy)-
will be transcribed in duplicate on standard editorial sheets by a Local Field
Secretary (Skilled Worker) assigned to field duty with Local Field Workers.
This copy will be prepared and typed by the Local Field Secretary in the form
designated for Field Editorial Copy. The original (first sheets) manuscript,
when finally arranged and numbered by pages consecutively, will be deposited
with the proper local authorities for the purpose of supplying the material
for a local guide, if and when such a publication is desired.
Field Secretaries. Besides transcribing the Field Continuities as above,
under the direction of the Local Field Worker, Local Field Secretaries will
transcribe the Field Editorial Copy, which will be prenared by the Local Field
Worker by revising and editing the carbon copy of the Field Continuity. The
Local Field Secretary will send this FEC in duplicate to the State Office,
accompanied by the Weekly Field Report form, properly filled out. In addition,
the Local Field Secretary will keep a complete bibliography, supplied by the
Local Field Worker, of all books, publications, and documents examined by the
Local Field Research Assistant. When the work on the local unit has been
completed, this list should be typed in duplicate, one copy to be attached to
the Field Continuity and another to be forwarded to the State Office.
State Office Editing. The State Office will receive from Local Field Secre¬
tary two copies of each Field Editorial manuscript. The carbon copy should
be used for revision and condensation into State Editorial Copy, and this
revised and abridged copy should be retyped by state secretaries in duplicate.
The original (first sheets) State Editorial Copy will be filed in the State
Office for potential use as a state guide, and the carbon copy will be for-
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6833
warded to the Guide Central Office for further revision and condensation.
Bibliography. To one of the State Editorial Assistants should be assigned
the duty of compiling the complete state bibliography, separated from texts,
a copy of which will be forwarded to the Guide Central Office for a possible
national bibliography. In addition, a selected bibliography must accompany
all editorial copy. It is essential to supplement all field data with ref¬
erences to publications: histories, biographies, technical works on special
subjects (such as the archeology of the Southwest, geology of the Grand Can¬
yon), fiction (Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer; Theodore Dreiser's A Koosier Holiday;
Carl Carmer's Stars Eell on Alabama; Bret Harte's stories), sociological and
educational studies, books on local flora and fauna, source documents (Diary
of a Fgrty-Uiner), plays and pageants whose locale can be identified in com¬
munities or states.
Although there will be space in the Guide for only a limited part of this in¬
clusive bibliography, it is possible that the entire material may be used for
a supplementary volume of national bibliography. The State Supervisors, there¬
fore, will reserve all such lists of publications, both as appendices of state
volumes, if and when published, and for the future reference of the Guide Cen¬
tral Office. It is advisable for state editors to indicate the relative im¬
portance of publications as follows:
*** Should be included in American Guide.
** Should be appended to state volume.
* Should be included in a future national bibliography.
Kfcaoples:
Billy the Kid (Old Santa Ee Trail, N. M.) ***
Laughing Boy (fiction, Navajo, II. M.) ***
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6833
The Zuni Tribe (Bur. Eth. Puhl.) ***
Spanish Governors of New Mexico (State hist.) **
Diary of a Fur Trader (Santa Fe Hist.) *
All publications should be given with full title, author, publisher, and date
of publication. See Guide Style Manual.
EDITORIAL PROCEDURE
Selection of State Editors. The selection of an editorial staff, drawn from
professional Workers, for the State Office is an important function of the
State Supervisor and applicants should be judiciously considered for their
special editorial qualifications. Wherever possible, previous editorial ex¬
perience should be the first requisite. In the period of organization the
editors may be engaged in local field work in the city where the State Office
is located, or they may assist the Supervisor in getting the field work started
in Local Offices. After the first month an increasing amount of data from the
field may necessitate additions to the editorial staff. The number of editors
will range from one in low-population states to ten in the most populous.
State editorial staffs will use the Guide Manual for reference in preparing
copy to be forwarded to the Guide Central Office.
Data Assembling. Field data, prepared according to instructions on p. 17,
will be received at the State Office to be edited and cut to tentative quota
size. Retyped in duplicate, the first copy will be forwarded to the Guide
Central Office, properly identified by means of the State Editorial Identifi¬
cation Form. The carbon copy of the edited manuscripts will be filed in the
State Office for potential use in the preparation of state guide books (such
as that of Connecticut).
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6833
Filing of Field Data and Edited Msa« (identical with central filing system).
Manuscripts and data will he filed by counties and cities (where treated as
units). For each classification the work will be indicated by separate fold¬
ers:
(1) Field Data (Field Editorial Copy, unedited) key FD (complete for district)
(2) Field Data (ditto, incomplete or in progress) 11 IP (unedited)
(3) Edited Copy (incomplete for district) 11 ECI
(4) Edited Copy (complete for district) 11 ECC
Following the completion of editorial work by the State Editorial Staff, both
(3) and (4) should be forwarded to the Guide Central Office, accompanied by
the State Editorial Identification Form properly filled out (see p. 22). The
State Office must keep a card index of (a) Local Field Workers, noting trans¬
fers, and (b) Volunteer Consultants, i.e. those who assist Local Field Workers
in special fields.
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(To be attached to all manuscripts sent from State Offices to Central Office)
STATE EDITORIAL IDENTI.VICATION FORM
Key No No. Words
State Address of State Office
This data was received from , a Local Field Worker in
County, City, or Dist. Date No. Words.
Present address
It was edited by Date
Is the attached record complete for the County, City, or District?
If incomplete
1. What questionnaire categories have still to be completed?
2. What questionnaire categories are inapplicable to this County, City, or Dist.?
Volunteer Consultants.
Where Volunteer Consultants have supplied valuable specialized information,
list below:
Subject Name Address
If the Local Field Worker has completed work in assigned territory, state to what
territory he has been transferred Date of transfer . .
Signed
State Supervisor
Date
Note: This form should be mimeographed in State Offices.
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6833
Tours and Sight-Seeing. The deisgnation of touro through districts is the
final step in data assembling, and will bo done in conjunction with the map
division of the Guide Local Field Workers are advised to make rough maps or
sketches (based on whatever material may be available from public and private
sources) until maps are supplied by State Offices. Points of interest will be
identified on these maps by the Field Map Assistant and the Field Workers. Wher
ever feasible, Field Editorial Copy will contain a tour sequence (see examples:
Greenwich and Canaan, Conn., pp. 68 and 72). Local tours will be coordinated
with extensive tours of whole regions by each State Office and by the Regional
Supervisors. The method of arranging a tour will vary somewhat according to
local problems and conditions, and according to whether the tour may be under¬
taken by a pedestrian or an automobilist. Other tours include horseback rid¬
ing, hiking, trips by canoe or by motorboat, or other means of transportation,
such as buses, steamers, or by train. Besides the usual means of transport
found in urban and metropolitan centers, routes may be designated by trails,
waterways, ana coastal travel.
Orientation. A tour or practical route must move toward some point of the com¬
pass, changing its direction only as best serves the need of convenience. In
the simplest tour- small rural-urban - a main road or highway enters a town
or village, passes through it, or branches in various directions. The tour may
begin from the west, moving eastward from the town limits; or from any other
point of the compass, picking up points of interest to right arid left, either
the mainstreet or on side streets or byways, In some cases, however, where
there are radiating highways, it may be advisable to start from the town hall,
village green, or some specified center and move outward.
-24-
6833
Method of treatment in Greenwich example should ha noted. It will be necessary,
as the tour progresses, to return to the main thoroughfare or central starting
point to reorient the traveler. The strictly rural tour (Canaan example) is
more complicated. In the proposed tour, marked highways are followed first;
where objects of interest are off the main road, short excursions may be made.
Then there must be a return to the original route, or a start may have to be
made in a different direction along a branch highway.
The larger and more varied the urban territory, the more complex the problems
of outlining a tour become. In metropolitan areas it will be necessary much
of the time to restrict the tour program to (a) a designation of the district
or quarter, e.g. Lower East Side; Times Square section; Erench quarter, and
(b) means of access by convenient transportation systems: surface lines, sub¬
ways, buses, or by walking, without specifying the sequence of travel. For
example, the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York) and the Museum of Natural'
History are about a mile apart, separated by Central Park. Since it is un¬
likely that the casual visitor will attempt to inspect both of these huge
institutions on the same day, it is unnecessary to specify the methods of
reaching one from the other. But the nearest subway station, surface and
bus lines are important.
Again, while the populous city districts and quarters will be designated only
by general directions, outlying and more rural precincts or boroughs may also
lend themselves to rural-urban or rural treatment. For example, Staten Island,
a part of New York City, may be handled in the same fashion as a small town.
In addition to intercity tours, mention should be made of tours to adjacent
or outlying communities, such as to Mt. Vernon from Washington, D. C.; to Bear
Mountain from New York; to Mt. Tamalpais from San Francisco.
-25-
6833
In all cases, tour information, directions, and details of travel should be made
clear and specific.
Ratio of Condensation. In detail the state editors will have the problem of
editing Field Editorial Copy and of cutting it to the quota size suggested by the
Guide Central Office. The state quota will represent, in the total, the practical
size of a book that each state may wish to publish after completion of the
American Guide. The quota size will vary according to population, historical
and other factors. The total volume of editorial copy from Local Field Workers
is expected to be forty or fifty times the total size of the printed volumes
of the American Guide. State editors will made the first condensation. It
is probable that Field Editorial Copy will have to be reduced to one eighth
or one tenth of its unabridged volume by state editors. For example, if a
Local Field Worker produces 10,n00 words on his assigned territory, the state
editor handling that copy may condense it to about 1,000 or 1,200 words. But
this rate of condensation will vary according to the prolixity or conciseness of
writing, and according to the estimated quota made by the State Supervisor for
the county or districts. Some Local Field Workers of experience will need little
cutting in their manuscripts; others will require drastic condensation. Let
us assume that in the American Guide, when published, New York State will
require 175,000 words of space. The New York State editorial staff will have
in mind a prospective New York State volume of 325,000 words. The total amount
of words received in the course of the year from Local Workers in the state
may amount to 5,250,000 words. ?he reduction from field copy to State <ropy
will be 10 to 1. The State editors will forward to the Guide Central Office
m the course of the year about 525,-00 words, keeping duplicates of that
material for Stats use. The Guide Central Office will reduce this volume 3 to 1.
-26-
6833
Since the condensation will be taking place while copy is still coming in,
the problem of scale and proportion will bo somewhat difficult, and can be
solved through tentative quotas for counties, cities, and districts, esti¬
mated by the State Supervisor. While the final totals may not correspond
with the ideal allotments, the scale of a local project to the state project
should remain fairly constant. If the capital city or chief metropolis is
allotted a ouota of 10,000 words, and a small rural country 850 to 1,001, the
proportion of the larger to the smaller unit should be kept consistent.
Style. State Offices will be supplied with the Guide Style Manual, which
must be followed in every detail. The literary style as a whole should be
a model of precise, succinct excellence. Examples of typical treatment of
local projects are appended.
Accuracy of Statistics. All statistical figures should be checked carefully.
The difference of one decimal place may cause local criticism. The authentic¬
ity of all sources of information, verbal and printed, should be determined,
if possible. Reports or portions of them should be submitted to qualified per¬
sons for comment and suggestion. Exaggeration and overemphasis should be
avoided.
Accuracy, of Factual Material. The authenticity of factual material in the Guide
must be unquestioned. Whenever an editor doubts the accuracy of a statement
contained in a field report, the matter should be checked from other sources,
A local historian or specialist ma.y supply information that is open to question
or incomplete. Besides consulting whatever records may be available, the Local
Field Worker should go to other persons of standing to check date, especially
to members of the Local Advisory Committee.
-27-
6833
Forms. State editors will be expected to ear- /"dLy inspect tho f ••okl y Field
Report forms accompanying Field Editorial Co,y and to fill out the State Edi¬
torial Identification form, to be attached to all manuscripts sent from State
Offices to the Guide Central Office.
Data Incomplete or Missing. Editors must familiarize themselves with all cat¬
egories of information contained in the Questionnaires and, where such infor¬
mation is missing in a field report, investigate the reason, if not disclosed
in the Weekly Field Report. In many cases the data will have to be supplied
either at the State Office or Central Office. For instance: "Racial Analysis."
Information not available locally will be found in State Census. "Geological
conformity." Information not trustworthy locally; consult U. S. Geological
Survey.
It may not be known locally that the town of X is the birthplace of Robert S.,
a well known author, playwright, artist. Who's Who and other publications may
supply information.
Hours of Labor. State and Local Supervisors will be informed as to the hours
of labor for office workers and field workers. Though the labor week will be
the same for all workers, in the case of Local Field Workers the work day can¬
not be as rigidly defined as in the office. If a Local Field Worker is on as¬
signment, he may not be able to close an interview or return from a trip into
the country within the time specified as "office hours." In such instances he
must be given credit for actual time spent on his assignment.
Recording Documents. Where important documents are discovered in the posses¬
sion of private individuals, in family collections, or in local depositories
and it is advisable to preserve duplicates of them, they may be copied by a
-28-
6833
field secretary. But the greatest care should be exercised in safeguard¬
ing the originals and returning them promptly to their owners.
Homes or Birthplaces of Famous Personages. Many communities will contain
the birthplace or former or present home of some eminent personage. In some
instances there may be an uncertainty or confusion as to the exact house.
Sonflicting legends or accounts may be discovered. The Local Field Worker
must examine all the evidence, check it if possible from local records, and
if still in doubt, make a qualifying statement, "believed to be," or the like.
Scale of Values in Data.. The unabridged Field Continutiy may be satisfactory
so far as offering materials for a local guide, but it will be far too lengthy
for incorporation into state material. It is not difficult to write 10,000
words about a small district that may merit only 1,000 when scaled to the state
project. While the state editorial staff will edit and adjust field copy to
the right proportions, much of this adjustment must be done in the Field Edi¬
torial Copy which the Local Supervisor will transmit to the State Office.
Topographical and Tour Units. District field, assignments will often cover a
single topographical area or tour unit from supervisory centers at some dis¬
tance from each other. The Local Office in the city of A. may send a field
worker to cover half of a valley, the other half "lying in the district X. Or
a hikers' trail may intersect two or three such districts. It will be the
duty of Assistant State Supervisors to coordinate such sections or portions
locally, and of Regional Supervisors to arrange for larger coordinations cross¬
ing state lines.
Diplomacy and Good-Will. The success of the whole Guide project will depend
on the faithfulness of all members of the organization and upon the good-will
of all communities where the work is carried on. Many of the problems arising
-29-
6833
can be settled only by the discretion, sound judgment, and diplomacy of
representatives of the Guide, whether Local or State. All should feel them-r
selves envoys of good-will, who are engaged in the most valuable contribu¬
tion ever made to AmeriCfin culture end community interest.
Space and Equipment Scales. On page 30 will be found tentative scales for
determining space and equipment needed. These will furnish an approximate
measure of requirements, which will vary according to the local situation.
One or more tables should be provided for work that need not be performed a.t
desks. Chairs should be allowed for visitors or consultants, the number vary¬
ing according to the size of the staff and importance of the local project.
Four-drawer file units are indicated, and may be expanded as circumstances de¬
mand. In filing, manuscripts should be kept flat, and kept that way when de¬
posited as contributions to local or state guides. So far as possible, Local
Field Workers are to suppl~r their own t.yperwriters and do their own typing.
The Connecticut Guide. The Connecticut Guide, a project of the State Planning
Board under the CWA of Connecticut, has demonstrated the feasibility and popu¬
larity of such a work. About one thousand persons cooperated in volunteer as¬
sistance with a small force of field workers to produce a wealth of material
on the state. The sale of the volume has gone far toward defraying the ex¬
penses of the undertaking. State Supervisors should keep in mind the poten¬
tial value of material for state use, and Local Supervisors should consider
the value of a local guide in communities where they are stationed. While the
®A cannot finance such publications, it will have carried all labor costs and
supplied expert compilers for the purpose.
For Local Office
Class of
-30- 6833'
SPACE AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS (TENTATIVE SCALES)
A
4-drawer
City
Prof.W
Sk. W,
Int.W.
Desks
Typew.
Chairs
Tables
File Units
1
2
2
1
3
1
4
1
1
11
2
1
3
1
4
1
1
111
3
4
1
4
2
6
1
1
IV
5
6
2
5
4
10
1
2
V
8
10
2
7
6
12
2
3
VI
15
20
2
10
8
18
2
3
Vil
20
30
2
12
10
24
2
4
Surplus of Skilled and Intermediate Workers will Toe engaged in assistant
field work or clerical work at tables,
B
For State offices additional space and equipment will vary according to quota
word allowance in American Guide,
Final
Word Quota
(1000s) Editors
(1) Below 30 1
(2) 30-50 2
(3) 50-60 3
(4) 60-80 4
(5) 80-100 6
(6) 100-200 9
(?) over 150 10
Desks Typew.
1 1
Additional
Swivel chrs. File Units
2
3
4
5
7
2
3
3
5
7
1
2
3
4
6
9
10
1
1
1
1
1
2
In (5) (6) and (7) editors will occupy desks and use typewriters of staff
assigned to other duties. To estimate total, add figures under A population
categories to those under B quota classifications.
31-
6833
REGIONS FOR GUIDE BOOKS
The United States will be divided into five regions, for each of which
a volume will be prepared. Theso guides will be uniform in style and
method of preparation.
Regions have been based on careful study of topographic features, historical
factors, and existing auto, rail and air routes. The regional arrangement
as noted on the accompanying map approximates the five regions for which
American Automobile Association maps are prepared, but variations have been
made where thought advisable.
Regions
(1) Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti¬
cut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Ohio, Indiana, Mich¬
igan, Illinois, Wisconsin.
(2) Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisana, Miss¬
issippi, Alabama, Georgia., Florida.
(3) Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minn¬
esota, Iowa.
(4) Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri.
(5) California, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, Washington.
-32-
6833
II
QUESTIONNAIRES
I Geographic
II Historical
III A Cultural
III 3 Sociological and. Recreational
IV Industrial and Commercial
V Governmental
Note! The following questions and suggestions are sub¬
mitted to the Local Field Workers as a guide in
gathering information. For purposes of simpli¬
fication identical Questionnaires are being sent
to each region. Questions inapplicable to any
specific region should be generously ignored.
-33-
6833
INDEX
CLASS I PAGE
General Topography 35
Flora and Fauna 36
CUSS II
Historical 37
National Parks, Monuments, and Landmarks ....... 38
Indian Tribes and Reservations 39
Archeology . 40
CUSS III A
Literature 41
Art 42
Music 43
Drama 44
!Folk Festivals, Pageants, Celebrations 44
Education 45
Societies and Associations 46
Domestic Experimentation 47
CUSS III B
Libraries . 48
Museums 49
Religious Institutions and Structures 50
Parks 51
Recreation ........... 51
Health and Social Work 52
District or Neighborhood Architecture and Housing . . 53
Ethnography 54
Folk Customs ..... 55
Waterways ...... 56
CLASS 17
Transportation 57
Hotels 58
Manufacturing and Industry 59
Products 60
Imports and Exports 61
Markets 62
Natural Resources 63
CUSS V
Conservation . 64
Army and Navy 65
6833
questionnaires
How to Use the Questionnaires. The following Questionnaires are designed to guide
the Local Field Worker in his investigation and research. It may not always be
feasible to follow the questionnaire method in the sequence given here, but care
should "be taken that no question applicable to any given district is omitted.
It is not necessary that questions should be repeated in reports or editorial copy.
As editors will be familiar with all questions, they will be able to observe whether
the questions have been answered by reading the descriptive matter in field reports.
Field Notes and Field Continuities. Field notes need be as legible and as complete
as necessary for the Local Field Workers' own use; they will be jottings in the
rough, which must be worked up into readable form as Field Continuities. The lat¬
ter will consitute the unabridged commentaries and descriptions, based on the
Questionnaires, which , taken together, will compose a thorough and detailed des¬
cription of a locality, or of any part of it, including such details as public
museums, landmarks, and the like.
Mere lists in anwering questions should be avoided. When asked to "list impor¬
tant caves and caverns," "public and private art collections," and the like, Local
Field Workers should send a full description with each item; where located; how
to reach it; relation to other points or objects of interest; and its tie-in with
the local tour.
The Questionnaires should be used as a guide to data, not as interrogations to be
answered by rote.
When any spot or object has been described, the Questionnaires should be looked
over to see whether every phase of information regarding it has been covered. The
Field Continuity may resemble Example E details on pages 80 and 81, or may be even
more extensive in treatment; but such treatment should be condensed by the Local
Field Worker before being sent to the State Office as Field Editorial Copy.
-35-
6833
CUSS I
GENERA! TOPOGRAPHY
Is your district flat, rolling, mountainous?
What altitude?
Desoribe in further detail the extent of prevailing contour.
Is the district arid, semi-arid, fertile?
Nature of the soil
Color of the soil
Rain fall
Water shed
Replies under this heading should furnish information on the following
subjects! Weather conditions
Climatic idiosyncrasies
Natural phenomena, such as natural "bridges, ice caves,
cliffs, or ravines
General geologic structure: alluvial; sand and gravels;
igneous rocks; limestone, shale; sandstone
36-
6833
CLASS I
FLORA AND FAUNA
Are wild flowers numerous?
What are the common varieties?
Are there rare varieties?
Are there places to which one may drive or hike where some special
variety "blooms at a certain time?
List plants and trees common to your district.
Are there abundant growths of edible berries?
List unusual plants and trees.
Describe general character of trees and wooded areas:
Thickly wooded
Sparsely wooded.
Are there poisonous plants or trees peculiar to the district?
Are there trees of historical interest?
Interview teachers of natural science as a source of general information
concerning local flora and fauna.
List animals, birds, fish, native to your district.
Are there poisonous snakes or insects?
Are there dangerous animals?
Are there interesting animal colonies such as colonies of beavers or
prairie dog cities in your district?
Under private, club or association control, list:
Game preserves
Bird sanctuaries
Herbivariums and botanical preserves, arboretums, fossil remains
Fish hatcheries
List, locate, and describe natural trails, developed by sanctuary authorities
museums, or other bodies.
-37-
6833
CLASS II
HISTORICAL
Replies under this heading should furnish information on the following
subjects:
Exploration
Founding
1) Date 2) Founder or founders 3) Type of early settlers
4) Reason or purpose of settlement
Successive influence of settlers
Historical importance
Important historic events:
Wars, raids, floods, epidemics, gold rushes as well as
industrial advances and depressions, civic achievements.
Important personages
All fields - cultural, industrial, political
Development
Family records, medals, coins
Some of these categories necessitate answers town by town. In some
instances, however, important events affect a whole region or entire
mountain vadley. In this case, lump several towns together.
-38-
6833
CLAGS II
NATIONAL PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND LANDMARKS
Whet national parks are found, in your district? The Guide Central Office,
with the cooperation of the National Parks Service, will forward information
of value to the Local Pield Worker in this connection.
Describe, as briefly as possible, their general character, attractions,
size, facilities for tourists, unusual geological and geographical features,
natural phenomena, and location.
List important caves and caverns.
List summer and winter attractions and facilities.
What national monuments are found in your district?
Note especially battle fields and forts.
Describe them, giving a brief historical explanation.
If listing examples of sculpture, mention sculptor's name. If the monument
is an old house, give architect's name.
What interesting landmarks are in your district?
Indian trail trees, battlefields, old forts
If the park or monument contains a historic structure, give date of building,
name of architect or builder or original owner or common name that it is
known by. Treat a landmark similarly.
-39-
6833
CLASS II
INDIAN TRIBES AND RESERVATIONS
(While assigned assistants will cover much detail work and research, the
Local Field Worker will endeavor to check the following items. The Guide
Central Office, cooperating with the Indian Bureau, will forward informa¬
tion to guide the field staff.)
What is the official designation of the reservation?
Has the original native organization been kept intact or has a more modern
form been substituted?
(Ex. Five Civilized Tribes)
Are the customs and culture well preserved or is there a pronounced adapta¬
tion to white civilization and culture?
What notable legends.are extant?
What is the characteristic dress?
What are characteristic arts and industries? Are articles for sale? If
so, mention the reliable places.
What is the economic status?
l) High 2) Low 5) Medium
What is the average level of intelligence?
Who were the famous personages, past and present?
Mention important treaties with U. S. Government, also battles, migrations,
and other historic events; also Indian a.rtifacts and collections.
Is the tribe as now constituted essentially agricultural-sedentary or still
tending to primitive pursuits, hunting, fishing, tipi life? What effect
has white domination had?
What place names, monuments, or other landmarks have the Indians left in
this locality?
What is the importance of ceremonies, tribal observances, songs, music,
painting, drama?
What ceremonies and festivals may be witnessed by visitors? State condi¬
tions, time of year, accessibility, accommodations.
Bibliography, especially works by Indians, verbal or written; studies by -
ethnologists, treatment in fiction.
(Ex. The Delight Makers. Bandolier
The Fire Bringer. Austin
Laughing Boy. La Farge
-40-
6833
CLASS II
ARCHEOLOGY
(Some of these questions are answered in the preceding Questionnaire.)
List: Indian mounds
Cliff dwellings
Prehistoric inscriptions
Shell mounds
The Guide,Central Office, in cooperation with the Indian Bureau, Bureau
of Ethnology, and Indian specialists, will forward information bearing on
this subject to the field staff.
-41-
CLASS III A
6833
LITERATURE
(See section on Bibliography, pp. 19, 20.)
What books are there compiling legends peculiar to your region?
(Ex. Paul Bunyan tales of Washington and Oregon, Indian legends)
What authors live in your district or were born there? Or have made
their homes there?
Were any now famous printing establishments or publishing houses
started in your district?
fere any of the well-known almanacs or year books started by a
member or members of your district?
Are famous ballads and stories associated with your district?
Fnat works of fiction, poetry, plays, or other literary works are
concerned with your district or locality?
-42-
6833
CUSS III A
ART
List public and private art collections in your district. This should
include exhibits of native handicrafts such as pottery, textiles, jewelry.
Give days and hours for visitors and price of admission.
1) Permanent collections
2) Transient collections
Give a general description of the contents of each collection, condensing
as much as possible; also a brief description of the fields covered, with a
few outstanding examples in each category.
Are there artists' colonies in your district?
Are there art schools and classes? Briefly list facilities for art study,
cost, and season.
Are there crafts peculiar to your district which have reached a notable
degree of perfection? Can the products be purchased? i"here?
Are there well-knoTi artists who live or have lived or studied in your
district?
Are there artists or craftsmen who have become known for picturing the
life and beauties of your district?
In describing art museums enumerate the more important works of art; in
what rooms they are to be found; and give the general character of each
section of the museum.
Enumerate and describe any applied arts: woodwork, glass work, and the
like.
-43-
6833
CLASS III A
MUSIC
Are there particular types of music peculiar to your district?
Folk songs
Folk dances
Are there songs or compositions relating some incident in the history
of your district or telling the life of some famous personage who lived
there or praising the beauties found there or attempting to convey,
purely by music without words, the essence and atmosphere there.
(Ex. C-rand Canyon Suite)
What composers live or did live in your district?
Are there any unusual instruments which were invented in your district?
Are there permanent orchestras in your district? Choral or other musical
societies? Indicate when and where they perform.
What facilities are there for musical performances?
Outdoor music shells
Concert halls
(List, giving size and location.)
List noteworthy church choirs or organists indicating when and where they
may be heard.
What well-known singers and musicians live or did live in your district?
Are there conservatories and academies of music?
List and describe briefly facilities for study.
Are there free band concerts? When and where?
Are there any annual music festivals? •
(Ex. Each Festival in Bethlehem, Pa.)
Are there summer colonies of musicians for study and enjoyment of music?
(Ex. annual summer course in Concord, Mass. Non-musicians are welcome there.)
Is there any well-known make of instrument produced in your community?
Are there musical societies in your district for study and enjoyment of music?
Do these societies give public performances?
(Ex. Baltimore Bach Society)
Wherever performances are given, state price of admission, season,, and hours.
-44-
6833
CUSS III A
DRAMA
(For performances give price range, theatrical season, and hours).
Is there a permanent theatrical company in your district?
Does it give performances all year round?
What is the theatrical season?
What are the active Charters in your district? List chief movie houses,
also those shoring ir.ported or special films.
List and describe briefly the dramatic schools in your district.
V
Are there interesting experimental theater groups?
Amateur
Professional
Are there experimental theater schools?
Are there well-known playwrights living in your district?
Is some village, or mountain, or local legend the basis of a well-known play?
Mention any unusually interesting experiments in stage settings or pro¬
duction.
Are there out-door, open air theater performances either in constructed
amphi-theaters or suitable natural surroundings?
What well-known actors or actresses lived or live in your district, or
received their early training in local theaters?
FOLK FESTIVALS, PAGEANTS, CELEBRATIONS
Describe any lccal folk festivals or celebrations of annual or periodic
recurrence (such as Tilting Tournaments in Virginia).
If there are folk dramatic performances, music, dancing, story-telling, or
other customs peculiar to the locality, describe them; give the location,
accessibility, and when they may be viewed.
Mention native instruments in use.
Are there survivals of barn dancing, square dances, peculiar wedding or
other ceremonies?
-45-
6833
CUSS III A
EDUCATION
List and ^describe all educational facilities, both public and private,
in your district.
Are there interesting experimental schools?
Are there well-known educators who live or did live in your district?
Are there systems or theories of education which had their inception
in your district?
List and describe in detail:
Universities, colleges, seminaries, special schools
Labor or social organizations with educational courses
Foundations or other institutions contributing to education and culture
-46-
6833
SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATING
List all local societies and associations in your district.
This list' should include local tranches of national or international societies,
organizations and associations.
List headquarters and branches.
The societies and associations described under this heading will include all
those not mentioned '■under other headings, commercial organizations, civic bodies,
Y.M.C.A., Y.h.h.A., various patriotic and other societies serving a special
community interest, and the like.
6833
CLASS III A
DOMESTIC EXPERIMENTATION
Ar9 there any famous food specialties in ymir district? Where and how
dispensed?
Are there model houses exhibited? Whore are they to be found? Wnder whose
auspices are they exhibited?
Are there model kitchens on exhibition? Name of designer and style?
If there are model houses on view, give the date of structures, name of
architect, and style.
-48-
6833
LIBRARIES
List libraries found in your district:
Addresses
Size
Founder
Hours of admission
In case there are valuable collections housed in libraries give a brief
description.
Are there interesting murals or especially fine paintings in libraries of
your district?
It is obviously impossible to giva anything approaching a comprehensive list
of any library's contents, but unique items should be mentioned. (Ex. Shakes¬
peare folios in the Folger Library)
-49-
6833
CLASS III B
MUSEUMS
(Museums and collections of art are dealt with in Questionnaire on Art, p.
42. Do not repeat information here.)
What museums are found in your district?
What subjects do the exhibits cover?
Describe briefly. Give location, hours of admission and price.
What private collections are there in your district open to the public?
Describe briefly. Give location, hours of admission, price.
Planetariums, observatories, aquariums should be listed.
Collections may range from fossils and Indian relics to sea-shells and
glass flowers; industrial exhibits, safety exhibits, and all permanent
collections.
If not mentioned under parks or other heading, locate and describe observa¬
tories, planetariums, aquariums, and zoos.
In all cases specify admission fees, hours open, and best means of access.
-50-
6EJ33
CLASS III 3
EELIOIOUS INSTITUTIONS AND STRUCTURES
List churches in your district of special interest as regards:
Architectural style
Choir
Organist
Paintings
Interesting relics
Stained glass windows
Sculpture
Woodwork
Stone work
List all other churches with their addresses: monasteries, convents, religiou:
foundations.
List denominations existing in your district and give a brief history of any
new religions, cults, or sects, started in your district.
fere there famous ministers who influenced the life or policies in your
district?
Mention instances of towns or cities started by emigrants who fled religious
persecution.
Note: A supplementary Questionnaire covering art and architecture will
be prepared for Field Research Assistants. The suggestions of¬
fered in the opening list (above) will serve only as a general
guide for the Local Field Worker where further specific information
is not called for.
-51-
6833
CLASS III B
PARKS
(National parks are on a separate Questionnaire. The following list should,
include only state, municipal or town parks, village greens, etc.)
List the parks in your district with some indication as to the size, attrac¬
tions, location, etc.
This list should include:
Ball parks
Polo grounds
Private and public tennis courts
Athletic fields
Stadiums
Amusement parks
Public swimming pools and beaches
In all cases specify best means of reaching these attractions.
RECREATION
(This section refers primarily to amateur, non-commercial recreations.)
Give facilities and location for fishing and hunting, together with license
fees, regulations and other pertinent information. See also Questionnaires
on Waterways (p. 56) and Conservation (p. 64).
Locate and describe public beaches, golf, tennis, and polo grounds, opportun¬
ities for boating, hiking, picnic ing, horseback riding, and other summer and
winter sports, including skiing, toboganning, ice-boating, skating.
Mention summer or winter carnivals of sport, regattas, field meets, turnvereins,
and special contests and tournaments, such as huskie races, skiing champion¬
ships.
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6833
HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK
(See Social Workers' Hp.nd.Look. for the whole country)
(See Social Welfare Directory, in each town or city)
List emergency relief agencies.
List boards of public welfare, and all other public welfare bodies.
List private relief agencies, such as:
(1) Family welfare societies
(2) Community chests
(3) Children's aid societies
14) Charity organizations
(5) Settlements, community clubs
(6) Church welfare boards and organizations and activities
List -public health boards:
Clinics for social diseases, vaccination, tuberculosis
Permanent programs for the prevention and control of disease
Permanent programs of hygiene education
Public clinics, and hospitals and sanatoriums
State or federal experimentation laboratories
List private health organizations:
Hospitals, sanatoriums, clinics, nursing homes
Red Cross
List state institutions of correction:
Asylums, homes for the aged
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6833
CLASS III. B
DISTRICT OR NEIGHBORHOOD ARCHITECTURE AND HOUSING
(Special Questionnaires will be furnished by the Art and Architecture
Editor to assigned assistants in the field.)
Are there slum-clearance programs in your district?
Equate and describe slum areas, classifying racial divisions found there.
Are there low-cost housing experiments?
Are there model factories with workers houses of a modern type?
Are there so-called modern sanatoriums or hospitals or school buildings?
Are there interesting examples of modern houses?
Is there a distinctive type of architecture well-represented in your
di strict?
(Ex. adobe houses, colonial houses, plantation manors)
Architectural details, special treatment of doors, windows, interiors, and
the like will be discussed in supplementary questions for field assistants
in art and architecture, but field workers will note in general such points
for further consideration.
In treating old houses and other landmarks ascertain the date of the completion
of the original structure through local records, county histories, and the like.
If the date is only approximate, mark "c.1780," etc. All dating should be care¬
fully checked for accuracy. Be extremely cautious in accepting a statement
that a house is "the oldest in the state"; "the first theater in America," and
the like. Local enthusiasts may be unaware of facts concerning other structures
in the state or nation. Also note whether the present structure is the original
one or built on the site of another; whether the older structure has been
incorporated in the newer; and whether, if "restored," the restoration was
historically accurate.
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6833
ETHNOGRAPHY
What races make up the population of your district?
State numerical division also.
Have "Americanization" and intermarriage obliterated racial differences or
are there sharply defined racial groups?
Have you bilingual districts?
C-ive brief explanation of the effect of different racial groups on the
history of your district, on its architecture, on its social customs.
Trace causes of large immigrations of foreign population into your district.
Investigate the history of racial groups, changes and transformations due to
influx of other elements, such as a neighborhood originally Irish which has
become preponderantly Italian.
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6833
FOLK CUSTOMS
Are there interesting, picturesque or unique folk customs in your district?
(Ex. annual memorial service in Gloucester, Mass. for men lost at sea)
Are there annual festivals?
(Ex. carnival, New Orleans. Fiesta week, Santa Fe rodeos.)
Indian festivals and customs are listed in Questionnaire on Indian Tribes
and Reservations (p. 39).
-56-
WATERWAYS
6833
CLASS III B
Complete detailed information should be given regarding navigability of streams,
lakes, and canals; fishing. See also Questionnaire on Recreation, p. 51.
Yacht clubs should be listed.
Annual boating events should be listed with an approximate date.
(Sx. Chicago-Mackinac race, Harvard-Yale boat races, Marblehead racing week.)
Water falls of special beauty might be listed here.
Unusual industries dependent on certain rivers should be listed.
(Ex. fresh water pearl and button industry of southwestern Illinois rivers)
Facilities such as glass-buttomed boats should be listed.
Opportunities for shooting rapids with canoes should be mentioned with indica¬
tion of:: Season
Degree of difficulty and danger
Available guides and boats
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6833
CLASS IV
TRANSPORTATION
List transportation facilities in your district:
Trains
Buses
Ferries
Boats
Planes
List transportation facilities confined to any town or village separately
from services of an interurban or interstate character.
List the names of railroads, hus lines, and air lines serving your district.
In the Guide's description of towns which constitute the last stopping place
before crossing a desert or mountain range, some mention should be made of
first aid stations along the route, facilities for water and gasoline, dangers,
best time of day and season for crossing.
6833
-58-
CLASS IV
HOTELS
(Consult Supervisor for instructions on this subject.)
List the hotels in your district, grouping them according to price.
Uote the number of rooms and mention additional facilities such as garage
space, tennis courts, golf courses, swimming pools, parking facilities
(free, etc.).
Designate the hotel plan (American or European) by placing E. or A. after
the name of the hotel.
List tourist camps, giving prices, number of beds, etc.
All hotels, tourist camps, boarding houses, etc. mentioned, should be
followed either by a specific address or a description of location.
This material will be largely for local guides.
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6833
CLASS IV
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRY
What are the principal factories in your district?
What are the principal industries and industrial products?
Are there any commercial articles manufactured hy hand?
Are there experiments in cooperatively run factories?
Are there important mines in your district? give types.
Are factories or mines or workshops open to the public?
How'are visitors' permits obtained? When is visiting permitted?
Also list: Stock yards
Publishing plants
Public service enterprises
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6833
dLASS rv
PRODUCTS
(Manufactured industrial products are listed in Questionnaire on Manu¬
facturing and Industry, p. 59)
What are the general agricultural products of your district?
What are the specialties?
What are other important products?
(Bx, logs, fur, "beef, wool)
What are the seasonal activities in agricultural or productive occupations?
When may interesting processes, such as fruit picking and packing, log-rolling,
end the like he witnessed?
Describe and give the season for floral and agricultural fairs, shows, festi¬
vals, and celebrations, e.g. the Portland, Ore., Rose Festival,
What deposits are there of marble, granite, clay, potash, etc.?
6833
-61-
CLASS IV
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
Fnat are the principal imports?
What are the principal exports?
Is there some commodity in your district the hulk of which is exported
to a certain country?
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6833
CLASS IV
MARKETS
What types of markets are there in your district?
Location
Types of merchandise
Are there farmers1 cooperative markets in your district? Where and how
reached?
Are there public markets under city management? How operated?
Describe any cooperative marketing or selling organizations, such as
the Hood River Apple Growers Association.
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6833
CLASS IV
NATURAL RESOURCES
What minerals are found, in your district?
What precious and semi-precious stones?
What precentage of minerals found in your district is used locally?
What " 11 nationally?
What " " eroported?
What unexploited mineral resources does your district possess?
ire" there oil wells?
ire there sources of natural gas?
Are there mineral waters or hot springs of therapeutic value?
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6833
CLASS V
CONSERVATION
What large dams and irrigation orograms are found in your district?
Are there large forest preserves?
Are there interesting forestry experimentation stations?
Mention look-out towers and other places of interest to tourists.
What programs of a permanent nature are found in your district in:
Power production
Land reclamation
Reforestation
Plood control
Are there governmental (national or state):
Game preserves
Bird sanctuaries
Pish hatcheries
Mention the dates for hunting and fishing seasons; how to secure licenses,
and cost; any special restrictions or regulations.
List and describe state and national exhibits of departments of agriculture,
showing pest and fire control or other forms of conservation.
6833
-65-
CLASS V
ARMY ANT) NAVY
List: Army posts
Wax colleges
Military training schools
Air fields
Flying schools
If open to visitors, state times, requirements for admission.
List: Naval bases
Navy yards
Naval academies
Are there regularly scheduled horse shows, marksmanship contests or
affairs of a similar nature open to the public?
Are there battleships,'submarines, dirigibles, or training ships with
a permanent berth in your district which may be visited?
Are there Citizens' Military Training Camps?
Are there large enterprises or developments operated or controlled try
the army or navy?
In making out the above lists and answering the above questions, give
location, how to reach; hours open, and means of admittance, by pass
or permit.
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6832
III
EXAICPLES OF LOCAL PROJECT TBEATMSET
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6833
INDEX
(A) Example of Small Urban Report
68
(B) Example of Rural Report
72
(C) Example of Small Industrial City Report
75
(D) Example of Report of Detailed Point of Interest in City . . . . 79
Note: Examples (A) (B) and (C) are given to illustrate the abridged
treatment of subjects as they might appear in the American Guide.
Example (d) is somewhat more detailed and would represent treat¬
ment suitable for local &r state guides.
Example (E) is unabridged Field Editorial Copy, suitable for a
local guide, but requiring condensation for state guides and con¬
siderable abridgement for the American Guide.
(E) Detailed Examples for State and Local Guid<
80
(A) Example of Small Urban Report
(information not factual)
Type: Suburban; largely restricted residential; summer resort and commut¬
ing to N. Y. Subheadings indicated,
G-reenwich. Fairfield Co., Conn., on U.S.I (Boston Post Rd,), just E, of N. Y.
State line, known as the "Gateway to New England," A commuting suburb of Hew
York, restricted residential town, and summer resort on L. I. Sound, its pop.
of 5,975 is 89$ native American, 9$ foreign-born, and 2$ Negro. There is a
small colony of Portuguese fishermen in the Cos Cob district.
History. In 1640 Capt. Daniel Patrick, of Greenwich, Eng., purchased the site
from Indians, naming the settlement after his native' city. Nominally a part of
the New Haven Colony, Greenwich was under Dutch jurisdiction from 1642 to 1650.
when it was ceded to Connecticut. A bloody battle between the Dutch and India
took place in 1546 near Cos Cob. In 1779 Gen. Tryon with 1,200 British and
Hessians attacked the village, defended by Gen. Israel Putnam with about 100
militia. Separated from his men, Gan. Putnam escaped capture in Knapp's Tavern
by riding on horseback down the steep stone steps of "Put's Hill," an exploit
commemorated by a tablet in Putnam Hill Park. Belle Haven, residential section
on the W. side of Greenwich Harbor, once a public horse pasture known as Horse
Neck, was the site of early salt works that were raided by the British in 1779.
Commerce. Although the commerce of the town is largely of a local mercantile
and service character, the Electrolux Co. has a large manufacturing plant with
an annual production in machines of $00,0G0,00C. The Conde Na-st Publishing Co.
occupies 12 acres on both sides of the Post Rd., extensively landscaped. In
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this modern plant are printed Vanity Fnlr, House and Garden, and other magazines.
Transportation. The town is served by the main line and Shore Line Division of
the New Haven Road, Greyhound buses stop on the Post Rd. Local taxi rates are
25# per mi., 50# for each piece of luggage.
Educational Facilities. Greenwich is noted for its private schools, which in¬
clude the Edgewood School (Glenville Rd.), Rosemary Hall (Ridgeway Lane), Dan-
forth School for Boys (Temple Terrace), and Scott Preparatory School (Highland
Ave.). There are two public high schools and eight grade schools. Other
institutions are: Fairfield Nurses' Training School and the League for Social
Service (courses in social service).
Community Life. Many well known authors and artists make Greenwich their home,
and the Greenwich Artists' Summer Exhibition is an annual feature. For horse¬
back riding over 300 mi. of bridle paths are provided within the town limits.
Other recreations include polo, golf, yachting, and beach bathing. Clubs:
Greenwich Riding Club, Greenwich Golf Club, Fairfield Country Club, Connecticut
Polo Association, Indian Harbor Yacht Club, and Riverside Yacht Club. Associa¬
tions: Fairfield Historical Association, National Agassiz Association, and the
Daughters of Connecticut (historical).
Points of Interest. Entering the town from the W. on U.S.I, the Post Rd, passes
the Thomas Lyon Homestead (1673), a "salt-box" style house with central chimney,
typical of Colonial architecture in this region. The business center is reached
by a long grade, with views of L.I.Sound at the summit. Two islands visible
beyond Greenwich Harbor, Great. Captain's Isl. and Little Captain's Isl.,were
granted to Capt. Patrick by the English crown. S. on Field Rd. are Homestead
Hall (1790) and the Oliver Mead house (c,1790),both associated with the
locally prominent Mead Family, Greenwich AYe., the original business street,
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6833
passes the Perrot Memorial Library, headquarters of the Historical Society,
Besides containing a fine collection of relics, it provider, quarters for art
exhibitions. Admission is free, open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Boycnd the
library lies the entrance to Bruce Park, gift of Robt. M. Bruce to the town.
The former Bruce mansion is now tho Bruce Museum, housing an extensive collection
of flora and fauna of the state; W. Indian, Amer. Indian, and Colonial material;
modern paintings; and a fish hatchery. Annual exhibits of the Greenwich Soc,
of artists are held here. Free weekdays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Sundays, 2 to 5
p.m. Greenwich Ave. ends at the Indian Harbor Yacht Club, facing which on the
E. is Benedict Estate, site of the former Americus Club, a rendezvous of Boss
Tweed of Hew York, N. of the Post Rd. the wooded hills and country estates are
reached by Lake Ave., which passes Greenwich Hospital, famous for elevated
situation and medical staff. N. from Pemberwick an inland drive traverses
Byram River Gore, a chasm of glacial origin. On the same side of U.S.I are the
■Congregational Church, in an old burying ground, and'E. of it, Christ Church, one
of the finest examples of pure Gothic in the state. Close by is Putnam Cottage,
once Knapp's Tavern (1731), scene of Gen. Putnam's escape and now a museum of
historical and Revolutionary relics. It is free, open daily 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The E. end of Greenwich is marked toward the S. by Millbrook, a residential devel¬
opment, beyond which on the Mianus riv. lies the village of Cos Cob, named for
a friendly Indian Chief. Among its numerous old houses are the Ray Mead house
(1700), Frank Seymour house (17CC), and the Holley house (176C), built by Capt.
Bash. Crossing the river S. by Riverside Ave., the suburb of Riverside is reached,
aad the Riverside Yacht Club. 11. again to U.S.I the Ferris house (1765) is at
the left, occupied by a direct descendant of the builder, and farther E. a sign,
"Aid Greenwich 1640." On Sound Beach Ave. to the S. lies Binney Park, gift of
Edwin Binney to the town. Across the R.R. the National Agassiz Assoc,maintains
6833
headquarters on Arcadia Rd., with an exhibition of Connecticut wild flowers.
Continuing in this direction, Shore Rd. affords a fine drive to Tod's Point,
landing place of the first settlers. At the Stamford line on U.S.I Laddin's
Rock Farm offers an unusual stand of hemlock and a high cliff.
Bibliography: Binney, Edw. Old Greenwich. Phila. Appleton. 1910. Wild
Flowers of Connecticut. Pub. Natl. Agassiz Assoc. Stamford. 1914. Bruce,
Rebt. My Life in Greenwich. N. Y. C. Henry Holt. 1932.
-7?- 6833
(B) Example of Rural Report
Types Group of small villages in midst of scenic region
Subheadings need not be distinguished
Conn.
Litchfield County
Town of Canaan (corresponds to township in other states)
Mountainous on the S. and E.; widening valley northward along Housatonic River,
which marks W. boundary; fertile narrow valleys reaching back into the hills.
Area • . . sq. miles; pop. . . .
Hills wooded, pine and maple, elm numerous; narrow valleys, pasture and ensi¬
lage corn; N.Y. City milk shed; fields dotted by many glacial monoliths. Ex¬
cellent water, springs, clear running brooks, trout plentiful (May and June);
pheasant, wood-duck (Nov., Dec.), deer (closed).
Named for the Biblical land of Canaan; was auctioned at New London in 1738;
bids started at sixty pounds per right (extent of right?), the high rate for
the county. The town, then including present town of N. Canaan, incorporated
1739.
U.S.7 enters from S. at Lime Rock Station, crossing Housatonic, well designed
bridge and approach, view of river gorge. Berkshire Div. New Haven R.R. par¬
allels river, E. Bank; Falls Village station, freight and passenger. Through
bus service N.Y. City to Pittsfield, Mass. on U.S.7- Two miles from line Falls
Village; pop.540, large grade school, library, Me. Ep., Rom. Cath., Presb.
churches; Natl, bank and State savings bank; gypsum mill; Berkshire Inn, 40 rma.
Near site of 60 ft. fall of river; stream now diverted and power (H.P?) con¬
verted by Conn. Light & Power Co. under grant from State Lgs. (date?).
Dry bed shows fine specimens of folded limestone and limestone plants.
„73- 6833
R.43 crosses U.S.7 at Falls Village, running up beautiful Hollenbeck valley,
First to left the Smith-Dean house (date?), fine example of early interior
pine pannelling (Early American Architecture, Rodman Wanamaker, Harper Bros.).
One mile farther, well made road on right climbs to Music Mt. settlement of
the Community Music Foundation (supported by public subscription and patronage)
under direction of Jacques Cordon, which holds classes and concerts throughout
summer season; the concerts are of high order, with many notable soloists, and
ensembles. Another quarter of a mile brings us to hamlet of Huntsville, once
settlement of considerable size, site of old iron forge which tradition holds made
part of the iron chain stretched across the Hudson at West Point to blockade
British fleet. Number of farmhouses in vicinity date back to late 18th century.
One of them for many years home of late Emil Carlsen, N.A., prominent American
painter. At this point country road to left leads to Undermountain Rd. along
S. slope of Canaan Mt: beautiful vistas. From latter road Steep Rd. climbs N.
through attractive ravine to cultivated plateau, past "Wangum Lake to Norfolk.
About a mile H.W. of Lake is Red Spruce swamp; trees thirty inches in diameter.
Rattlesnakes are in neighborhood.
R. 43 continues on from Huntsville to cross line at Cornwall Hollow within view
of monument with Mexican cannon erected in honor of Major-General John Sedgwick,
of Mexican and Civil wars, who was killed at Chancellorsville; his birthplace
was in vicinity.
Returning to U.S.? which we left at Falls Village, we follow it one mile to
S. Canaan, hamlet with attractive Congregational Church, ]802, pedimented door¬
way and Palladian window; the tower rather too heavy for building. Road con¬
tinues N. under cliffs of Canaan Mt, (1900 ft.) to N. Canaan Town line: panor¬
amic view of Housatonic Valley and mountains to N. and W.
The Appalacbin Trail enters from Cornwall about mile S.E. of Lime Rock
Station through Housatonic State Forest, passes up Deane's Ravine, a cas¬
cade brook of great beauty; then climbs over rock ledges to Barrack Mt. and
down to Falls Village where it crosses river to Salisbury Town.
Bibliography: Journal of Wealthy Anne Hunt (mss), and History of Dean Family
(private printing); both in Falls Village Public Library.
-75"
(C) Example of Small Industrial City Report
6833
Type; Urban; largely industrial, near inland waterway.
Bluetown. Bristol co., Mohio, on U.S. 13 near Lake Werie, Pop. 45,000; approx.
57$ native American, 15$ Italian, 10$ Polish, 10$ Negro, 8$ miso.
History. Secanet, name of original Indian settlement, meaning "Near Blue Water."
Bluetown reputed oldest Mohio town was founded 1809 by Knut Hansen, Swedish
fisherman. Its ideal situation for transhipment of goods carried on Lake Werie
or portaged to Mohio River turned Hansen and later settlers to commerce. In
1825 wagon train lines carried 9,000 separate loads annually. Indians attached
a wagon train May 182? killing 23 passengers and 6 drivers. By 1835 other towns
grew up along Lake Werie with better harbors and Bluetown lost its freight mon¬
opoly. At this time Ernest Smith, whose repair and blacksmith shop had become
an important industry, married into the Hansen family and in 1840 Hansen and
Smith Steel Co, was established. It now employes 8,000 men (60$ of adult male
pop.) and in 1930 produced 453,000 tons of carbon steel. The only other manu¬
facturing industry is a canoe factory employing 16 persons. In 1909 there was
a two months' strike of Smith and Hansen workers, led by the Steel and Iron
Workers Ass'n., for a 10 hour day. The death of 3 strikers and 1 company guard,
killed in the July 11 picket line skirmish, caused Gov. Johnson to call out
the State militia and declare martial law for 10 days. A compromise on a 10-J
hour day ended the strike and there have been no serious labor disputes since.
In 1925 Bluetown adopted city manager government.
Transportation. The N.Y. Central R.R. main line serves Bluetown (terminal
Fourth St. and Johns PI.). Greyhound Bus Lines and Great Eastern Stages run
to Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Buffalo and New York (joint terminal Six¬
teenth and P Sts.). Cleveland is the nearest regular a.ir-lines stop but
— 76— 63 33
Bluetown airport, Thirty-Second, and G Sts., has planes for hire day and nigh-t.
Bus and street cars have a uniform fare of 7# with free transfers within the
city limits, extra fare beyond the limits. Taxis to any point within the city
limits charge 35# with 50# extra for each trunk.
Theaters. Apollo, Fourteenth and T: vaudeville, motion pictures in summer,
road company shows in winter. Palace, Nineteenth and Gs occasional stock com¬
pany performances in summer, burlesque show in winter. Tivoli, Fourteenth
and R: motion pictures and vaudeville summer and winter.
Recreation. At Shoreland, suburb E. of Bluetown, is Hampton Amusement Park.
Admission free. Bathing beach, canoes and boats for hire, dance hall, restaur¬
ant, refreshment booths and the usual amusement rides. Free municipal tennis
courts are located at 516 Poynton Rd., near K St. Reservations must be made
in advance with 50# deposit at ground keeper's shack. Nottek Tennis Courts,
1141 R St., $1.50 per hour. There are two municipal pools, large, sanitary,
well kept up; Echo Park, N. of steel plant, Twenty-First and X, and Eighth and
G. The Bond House (hotel) has a pool free to guests, 50# to visitors. An
eighteen hole golf course is maintained by the Bluetown Country Club. Visitors
may use the course, paying a green's fee, $5 per week (limited to 3 weeks).
Free band concerts every Friday night during the summer season in Durney Plaza,
a small park at K and Twenty-Fifth Sts.
Schools. 8 public grammar schools, 4 public high schools, Evans high school,
Eighteenth and L., completed in 1932, is unusually well equipped with labora¬
tories, sound motion picture apparatus, technical workshops and a library.
Barton's Soninary for Girls, est. 1865, is at Twenty-Fifth and B; grammar and
high school courses.
Organizations. Headquarters of the Swedish Baptist Church of America are in
the modern office building near the church, Ninth and H. The Lions' Club,
-7?- 6833
F.otary Club, Knights of Columbus, Odd Fellows, nnd the Shriners all have local
chapters. State headquarters of the Prohibition Party are located at Ninth
and H.
Points of Interest. The "downtown" district of Bluetown, wholesale business,
department stores, etc., is bounded by K St., First St., A St., and Fifteenth
St. There are no regular sightseeing buses but the taxi companies furnish
specially instructed chauffeurs for tours. One day suffices for a superficial
visit of Bluetown and environs. A suggested and convenient route for the
motorist or the pedestrian aided by street cars and buses follows: Start at
Ninth and H, where the Bluetown Baptist Church stands on the N. E. corner.
This church, built in 1850, with funds given by the Hansens was designed by
a Swedish architect, Ceorge Oleson, who traveled from Sweden to supervise its
construction. It is a fine example of the 15th Century Swedish castle to which
has been added an incongruous steeple. Going E. along H St., turn S. at
Twenty-First, where the Public Library stands. It was donated in 1915 by
Ernest Smith, Jr. The original donation of 30,000 volumes has grown to 50,000
volumes. The main reading room on the second floor contains two murals by
Max Webber. On the E. wall The Progress of Bluetown depicts the growth of
the city from the first settlement until 1910. Steel and Iron on the W. wall
is an allegorical representation of the steel industry. On the first floor is
a special room devoted to a collection of over 10,000 volumes on iron and steel.
It is considered the finest collection on these subjects anywhere in the United
States with the exception of that housed by the Mass. Institute of Technology.
Continuing S. on Twenty-First St. or by street car on Twentieth St., which is
parallel, at X St. we find the main entrance of the Smith and Hansen Steel
Works. This part of the mill may be visited daily between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m.
The most interesting features are the open hearth furnaces and the rolling rooms.
-78- 6833
She guards who always accompany visitors arc well-informed and glad to ex¬
plain different -phases of the work. It is customary to tip than 25$ - 50^
after making a tour. Duration of tours to 3/4 of an hour. Engineers and
students are given every aid in studying this plant and may secure expert
guidance at the central office. On leaving the plant, either return to center
of town or continue S. into Echo Park following the main drive, which runs
through a heavily wooded area and passes several waterfalls of exceptional
heauty. In the E. end of the park is a small zoo, undistinguished except for
a fine herd of deer. An interesting side trip may he made to the original
Hansen home preserved as a museum and office of Bluetown Hist. Soc. by driving
2 mi. Ho. on Mo. 9 or catching the Bluetown-Beantown bus at the E. entrance
of park. The kitchen of the Hansen home has been preserved exactly as it was
when the house was built (1810). Half of Hansen's old study has been kept
intact, the other half turned into a small library of local historical vol¬
umes and documents. A member of the Hist. Soc. is always on the premises to
act as guide. A small admission fee of 10^ is charged for the upkeep of
the house. Erom there the route may be retraced to the center of Bluetown.
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6833
(D) Example of Report of
Detailed Point of Interest
in City
Charleston, S. C,
Dock St. Theater
From the Ci ty Hall with its famous collection of American portraits (not¬
ably Trumbull's Washington). passing W. on Meeting St, the next intersec¬
tion is at Queen. To the right on the latter the first street is Church,
at the corner of which stands the Planter's Hotel and Dock St. Theater.
The Dock St. Theater (Queen St. was originally Dock), one of the earliest
structures in America built solely for theatrical purposes, opened Feb. 12,
1736, with a performance of Farquar's The Recruiting Officer. Earlier theat¬
ricals in the Colonies were given in drawing rooms, or in assembly halls,
dancing schools, etc. The theater burned down in 1740, Later the same site
became part of the Planter's Hotel, famous hostelry of slavery days, where
an unknown genius concocted the first "Planter's Punch".
The present building contains an accurate reconstruction of the interior of
the Dock St. Theater, a collection of memorabilia, an excellent restaurant,
lounging rooms, and hotel suites. The facade of the hotel on Church St. and
nany other architectural and furnishing features are parts of the original
structures; the whole is an authentic reproduction of theater and hotel modi¬
fied for modern use. This outstanding reconstruction was made by the Federal
Government as a Work Relief project during the winter of 1934-35.
The Dock St. Theater today is the center of Charleston's literary and artistic
development.
-bO- 6833
(E) Detailed Examples for State ; nd Local Guides.
Excursions. Echo Canyon, on the Indian head trail which starts at the main
road 3 mi. N. of Albelone, is well worth visiting. Burros can be hired in Abe-
lone or the 5 mi. trip may be made on foot. Guides are not necessary. The
trail, which is well marked, follows the winding course of Shoshone Creek for aboui
three quarters of a mile, veering off right into the woods at this point. After
a descent of half a mile through the woods the trail crosses a narrow suspension
bridge. There is a beautiful view here of the Sawtooth Mountain range with Mt.
Elephant rising in the center (alt. 16,000 ft.) ar.d the gorge of the Shoshone
creek. Skirting along the face of the gorge wall, the train rises rather sharply
at this point. After three quarters of a mile it rounds the corner into Echo
Canyon. Snow-capned mountains in the distance, the vari-colored rock walls and
the rushing river below form a breath-taking picture. Echo Canyon, so called
because of the unusual effect of its multiple echo, according to Indian Legend
was the home of the Thunder Bird. The noise of rock slides echoing and re-echo¬
ing through the canyon may have been the basis of this belief. An experienced
mountain climber may leave the trail at this point and visit the crystal-encrusted
caves high up in the canyon \vall, but the untrained visitor is warned not to make
the attempt without guides. As there are rattlesnakes in the canyon and through¬
out the region, it is well to have some idea what one looks like and what to do
about it. On foot, the trip usually takes 2 hours.
Shooskeek Palls, S. E. of Abelone, must be visited on foot as the trail follows
the Shoshone Creek often running directly ever the stream on a narrow plank walk.
The falls, only l\ mi. from Abelone, are 80 ft. high. A short distance from
the falls but with a fine view of them is a clearing with camp ovens for the
convenience of picnickers. The trail to Shoskeek begins behind the ice house
at the S. end,of Main St. and is well marked all the way.
-81- 6833
Points of Interest. The Natural History Museum and Planetarium, 55th St. and
Odle Ave., admission free Sun., Tues., Tliurs., 25# any other day, open from 9a.m.-
4 p.m., is on the Odle Ave. street car line, the 55th St. cross-town has line,
and 1 "block E. of the Binch St. L station. It has an exceptionally fine American
Indian collection in the E. wing. The museum, which in 1860 was restricted to
what is now the E. wing, has "been expanded until it now covers half a city "block.
The planetarium in the W. corner of the museum runs once daily at 2 p.m. It was
installed hy the German expert, Ernst von Adelspach in 1930.
The Puddle Aquarium, "built in 1924, is one of the finest in the country. Con¬
structed entirely of white marble in modern style with all the latest develop¬
ments in lighting and ventilation, the building itself is worth seeing. It was
designed by the American architect James Burdack. There is an interesting bal¬
anced aquarium, and the only sea-cow in the country is exhibited here. The
aquarium was donated to the city with a maintenance fund by Arthur P. Bodgehill,
the well-known amateur icthyclogist. No admission charge. Open 9 a.m. - 5 p.m.,
all year round and in summer, also open 8 p.m. - 10 p.m. on Fridays. No. 9 and
No. 15" buses pass the aquarium every three minutes.
Panapott Zoo, N. of the city, on No. 10, No. 20, an% No. 3, bus lines and on the
Georgia Ave. street car line, covers 3 sq. mi. There are two entrances, Georgia
Ave. and Gratton St. Admission 25# for adults, 10# for children, Sat. afternoons
free, June through August. Many of the animals have been installed in the new
type fenceless enclosures which attempt to reproduce their natural surroundings.
This is a novel effect from a distance, but visitors may rest assured there is
no danger. In addition to the menagerie and reptile house, there is a small
entomological museum with an unusually complete exhibit of South American butter-
i flies. Small refreshment booths and ice-cream stands are scattered throughout
the park and in the S.E. corner there is a. good restaurant, seating 100. The
ZOO is open daily 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Feeding time for animals 4 p.m.
6833
— 82—
IV
GUIDE STYLE MANUAL
Note: Each state office should have on hand a standard manual such
as the Manual of Style, published by the Chicago University
Press, price $3.
-*83*-
6833
INDEX
Page
Manuscript Preparation 84
Capitals 84
Hyphenation 85
Numerals 85
Punctuation 85
Abbreviations 85
Treatment of Material 86
GUIDE STYLE MANUAL
Manuscyi.pt Preparation. Copy must "be clearly v.ritten or typed, all names and fig¬
ures plainly legible. Since carbon conies will be used for all revision and editing,
it is imperative that the carbons be clear and legible. Corrections should be made
in margins, in ink. If erasures occur, be sure that the substituted material,
particularly names and figures, is clearly inserted. Manuscript should be double
spaced and not crowded at the margins. Allow room for emendations or corrections.
Number all pages consecutively in upper right-hand corner and fasten manuscripts by
clips. All manuscripts transmitted from the field to the State Office or from the
latter to the Guide Central Office must be mailed flat.
Capitals. Proper names; Mr. Jones; but the Jones family.
Bunker Hill Monument; the monument. Johnson House (hotel); the Johnson house (res¬
idence). Panama Canal; the Canal. Hew York State; the State. But if the reference
is not to a proper name, do not capitalize. "The state highway." "The area of the
country."
Plural of a common noun capitalized as part of a proper name. Seventh and F Streets,
Potomac and James Rivers. Presidents Washington and Adams. But no capitals for a
common noun used with date, number, or letter to denote time or sequence: twentieth
century; article 1; paragraph 4; section 3.
Capitalize full names of organized bodies: Bureau of the Census; Geological Survey;
National Historical Society. Virginia Assembly; but the assembly; the senate (state):
the house of delegates.
Capitalize names of definite regions, localities, or quarters. The North Atlantic
States; the Badlands (South Dakota); the Continental Divide; the Midwest, or the
Middle West; the East Side (section of a city specified by accepted designation).
Capitalize the scientific name of a class, order, family, or genus, but not species,
knostus canadensis: Ac on i turn .ril r.eni.
Capitalize fanciful appellations. The Big Four (railroad); the Hub; Keystone
State. Capitalize title of the head or assistant head of state, or of a
National government unit. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the Unireu.
"85- 6833
States* the Governor of Indiana. But military titles standing alone are not
capitalised. Gen. Charles P. Summerall, Chief of Staff; the Chief of Staff;
but the general. Charles P. Hughes, real admiral, United States Navy; the
rear admiral. Capitalize titles of publications, papers, documents, plays,
acts, laws, etc. Kellogg Pact; Treaty of Versailles; Tom Sawyer: The Last
Su-oner (title of painting); Senate Document No. 70, the Volstead Act.
Hyphens in Compounding. Because of the complexity of the rules governing the
use of hyphens in compound words, it is best to consult a standard dictionary
when in doubt.
Numerals. Por numbers of four or more digits use the comma. 2,347. 8,542,980.
Quantities and measurements are expressed as follows: 6 years old; 45 years 8
months; a 9-year-old; 4;30 p.m. or 7 o'clock; June 1935, but June 14, 1935. In
expressing large numbers the word million may be spelled out. 20 million. 450
millions. Related numbers close together at the beginning of a sentence are
spelled out. Pifty or sixty miles away is Mt. McKinley. But avoid beginning
sentences with figures. Spoil out fractions of a mile: half a mile, etc.
Punctuation Marks. For the correct use of the period, comma, dash, and colon
consult the Century Handbook or any similar manual of English style. The semi¬
colon should be used cautiously. It is employed chiefly to separate phrases con¬
taining commas and to separate categories of items. Reptiles, amphibians, and
predatory mammals swallow their prey whole; waterfowl take shellfish entire; and
gallinaceous birds are provided with gizzards that grind up the hardest seeds.
#r to separate statements closely related in meaning. It is true in peace; it is
true in war.
Abbreviations. Approved abbreviations for the states;
Ala.
Pla.
Mass.
Nev.
®kla.
Tex.
Ariz.
Ga.
Mich.
N. H.
Oreg.
Vt.
Ark.
111.
Minn.
N. J.
Pa.
Va.
Calif.
Ind.
Miss.
N. Mex.
R. I.
Wash.
Colo.
Kans.
Mo.
N. I.
S. C.
W. Va.
Conn.
Ky.
Mont.
N, C.
S. Dak,
Wis.
Bel.
La.
Nebr.
N. Dak.
Tenn,
Wyo.
D. C.
Md.
—is 6— 6833
For points of tho compass: IT., north or northern; G.E., southeast or south¬
eastern, etc. National and state highways: US 7; Conn. 44; N,Y. 36, etc.
Standard, abbreviation of titles, roads, streets, measurements, etc.
Prof. J. W, Smith; Boston Post Rd.; Linton Ave.; 15 mi. (miles); 2,000 ft.;
R.R. (railroad); Trust Co.; 25^; 4C$; c.1790 (about 1790); Newark Hist, Soc.;
Natl. Agassis Assoc. Bur. Ethn. An. Rep. (Bureau of Ethnology Annual' Report);
Bui. No. 12 (Bulletin Number 12). L. I. Sound (Long Island Sound); Gen. Israel
Putnam; Aner. Ind. (American Indian); geol. (geological); Neponset riv. (river);
co. seat (county seat); sq. m. (square miles). Hopkinsville, a town and county
seat of Christian co., Ky., has a pop. of 10,309, *1Do not use abbreviations un¬
less indicated as above. Not "Elias Howe, Am. inv. sewing machine." Write
out, "American inventor of the first sewing machine."
Treatment of Material. Examples are given in the preceding pages of typical
treatment of local projects in their entirety or in part. Descriptive adjec¬
tives should be used sparingly, and exaggeration or overemphasis should be
avoided. A scenic feature may be visualized more clearly through accurate de¬
tails than by the use of such florid expressions as a "magnificent waterfall,"
"a stupendous canyon," and the like. Avoid the effect of monotony produced by
repetitions such as, "It has a courthouse, a public library, and a high school.
It has a public park and two playgrounds. It is located in a fertile agricultural
region." Rather, "Situated in a fertile agricultural region, the town possesses
a courthouse whose granite dome is visible for many miles. The Carnegie Library
faces Greenwood Park on Maple Street. Among the educational facilities is the
Roosevelt High School on Greenwood Avenue, with an adjoining playground. An¬
other playground, maintained by the Social Service Club, is located at Warren and
Talbot Streets." In general the impersonal style should be used, but "we" may be
used occasionally with discretion.