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FOR USE IN THE COURSE IN ECONOMIC CITIZENSHIP,
IN GUIDANCE CLASSES
AND IN
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
Prepared and issued
by
Division of Guidance and Placement
Board of Education, New York City
in cooperation with
U.S. Works Progress Administration
City of New York
Women's and Professional Division,
Education Unit, Project 6155-A
Pupil Psrsonnel Investigation, Guidance and Placement
1937
Charles M, Smith, Technical Supervisor
Director of Educational and Vocational Guidance
Edited hy
Charles E. O'Toole
If
\
i,,v
THE PURPOSE OP THE OCCUPATIONAL OUTLINES
This series of single sheet occupational outlines on selected
occupations was prepared for use of educational and vocational
counselors and for teachers of Economic Citizenship and guidance
classes in the secondary schools of the City of New York for
use in the class room, in group conferences, in assemblies, and
in individual counseling.
The topical scheme as set forth in the Economic Citizenship
Syllabus and in various text books is followed in each outline.
The emphasis is placed upon the nature ef the work, the fields _
of work, the kinds of workers, the qualifications, advantage ^disad¬
vantage a?* the opportunities in each occupation. The general
purpose of these outlines is to present a "thumb nail" sketch
of the occupation to be used both for ready reference purposes
by the counselor and the teacher and for introducing the impor¬
tant factors of the occupation to the pupils.
The educational aim of these outlines is to stimulate pupil ac¬
tivity in the processes of orientation in occupational informa¬
tion, The use of these outlines should be accompanied by in¬
vestigation and observation to stimulate this activity. Even
getting the facts is not enough; the student should go a step
further and learn how to interpret these facts in relation to
his own ability and educational prospects. The best place to
begin is probably with the measures of himself that are within
his immediate experience, such as his school record, his suc¬
cesses and failures, his high points, and difficulties, so that
he will learn the requirements that are necessary for success
in the various lines of work.
The attempt has been made to confine the material in these out¬
lines to faotual matter that is least affected by changing con¬
ditions; therefore, such factors as pay, hours of work, and
other factors that may, and do, change frequently have been
omitted. This information should be the result of investiga¬
tion upon the occasion of the consideration of any outline by
the counselor, the teacher, or the pupil.
EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION
Under the heading "Qualifications", each outline contains two
sections, "General" and "Educational". It is suggested that
drill should be directed especially toward the getting of spe¬
cific information as to what schools and what courses lay the
foundation for certain occupations, the nature of the subjects
in these courses, and how one can judge one's probable ability
to carry such a course from the success one has already had,
in related school subjects.
Chdhges mo -frequently dccur i-ri School, curricula, _that it is-not
ponsidcrad best to include specific school.references with these
outlines. It is suggested, however, that each teacher and coun¬
selor making use of these outlines should have information about
schools available for students' use and should drill students
in how to seek out the information that they wish.
A few suggestions about material that should be gathered together
and about points of emphasis follow:-
Reference Material
High Schools
The Higher Public Schools, pamphlet, Bcp't. of Education
High School Information - Current information, prepared
for guidance purposes - Division of Guidance.
Circulars and handbooks prepared by individual schools.
Directory of Evening High and Trade Schools-Dep' t. of Education.
■Pil'o* in scho'bl guidance"1 office.
Vocational Training including public and private schools.
Directory of Opportunities Tor Vocational Training in New
York City - Vocational Service for Juniors. Price 50 cents.
College
College Information prepared by the Division of Guidance.
College Catalogues
Pile in school guidance office.
Note;
Information on special points may be secured by letter or
telephone to the Division of Guidance.
POINTS OF EMPHASIS
In many occupational groups, there are positions at different
levels, admitting persons with varying educational background.
It should be made clear that not every one can rise to the top
position in a vocation, but that there are interesting'positions
along the lino. Students should be shown through concrete ex¬
amples how school courses prepare or start preparation for these
different levels within an occupational group. (For example,
School of Aviation Trades for airplane manufacture and mechan¬
ics; Haaren High School plus special courses for aviation; High
School plus college for aeronautical engineering.)
SHnidents in Junior High School should learn the fundamental
differences between senior high schools and industrial and vo¬
cational high schools. (See explanatory page.)
The possibility of working up in an occupation through supple¬
menting experience with evening courses of training might be
discussed.
In order to develop the idea of vcrsatality and adaptability
it might be worth while to change the point of view occasionally,
and see how many different kinds cf positions might be built
upon the same course, (a homo economics course, for example.)
COMPARISON OP SENIOR AND VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS
SENIOR HIGH SC2IOOLS
(GENERAL, COMi.IERC IAL, TECHNICAL)
VOCATIONAL AND
INDUSTRIAL H.S.
LENGTH OP COURSE
APTER 9B
3 years
2 or 3 years
PREPARE FOR
COLLEGE?
Yes - if required subjects
are taken
No
PREPARE FOR
ENTERING A DEFI¬
NITE LINE OP
UORK?
Some courses do; some do not
Yes
APPROXIMATE AMOUNT
OP TIME IN DIF¬
FERENT SU3JECT
GROUPS
General Subjects
Related general
2/3 or more of time in
English, mathematics, science
foreign language and other
general subjects
Special Subjects
subjects,
\ of time in
English, mathe¬
matics, science and
other general
subjects.
Related Subjects
1/3 or less of time in commer¬
cial subjects or,
technical or mechanic arts
subjects (rotation in
shops) or,
specialization in one shop or,
fine or applied arts or,
music
i|- of time in commer
cial subjects or,
skilled trades such
as; auto mechanics
printing, barbering
retail food trades,
dressmaking, power
machine operating,
beauty culture, and
many others, or,
applied arts
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography accompanying these out¬
lines provides references for teachers, coun¬
selors and pupils. The references listed in
the bibliography deal with occupations, on
the whole, from the vocational angle.
The first section lists individual occu¬
pational outlines and monographs; the second
section lists books covering many and varied
occupations. The bibliography lists for each
occupation the references from section one
and two followed by references relating
specifically to the occupation.
The listing of references according to
occupations in the bibliography follows the
sequence of the occupational outlines. How¬
ever, where it v/as found possible, references
dealing with some particular phase of the
occupation are so listed, e.g. Teacher—
elementary; secondary; etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Permission to use "Books About Jobs" by
Willard E. Parker, published by the American
Libary Association (1936) for the National
Occupational Conference, as source material
for this bibliography, is acknowledged.
Teachers and counselors will find this
book and the Occupational Index, published
monthly by the National Occupational Con¬
ference, 661 Fifth Aveune, New York City,
invaluable in connection with these outlines.
THE ACCOUNTANT
NATURE OP WORK
A.Accountancy- the science of recording, measuring and interpreting
business activities,
B.An accountant is one who analyzes and interprets a business from
the record of its activities.
C.Types of accounting
1.Auditing- checking the accuracy of records,
2.Devising and installing systems to meet specific needs.
3.Special investigations- to determine the financial condition of
an organization,
4.Cost accounting- analysis of production costs.
KINDS OP WORKERS
A.Public accountant- in business for himself on a fee basis or with
a firm of public accountants on a salary. Goes wherever he is
needed,
1.Junior accountant- employed by public accountant; limited
experience,
2,Senior accountant- employed by public accountant; experienced.
3.Certified public accountant- examined by State; certified as
to ability, hone.sty, etc.
B.Private accountant- permanent employment with one organization;
either general accounting or special work.
C.Special accountants: work for any type of firm or government agency.
1.Cost accountant- analyzes costs of production,
2,Efficiency expert- devises methods of reducing overhead,
production costs, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General- An analytical mind, aptitude for mathematics, ability for
accurate work, ability to assemble and interpret unrelated facts,
pleasant appearance, poise, tact, breadth of view,
^.Specific
1.Certified public accountant- Usually three years experience
needed for special State certification examinations; unusual
experience and ability required.
(a) After January 1, 1938, High School graduation, plus four
years day school or six years evening school, plus satis¬
factory experience, required for State examination.
2,Efficiency expert- thorough knowledge of factory and business
operation.
C.Educational- High School essential, College or its equivalent
very desirable; thorough knowledge of bookkeeping; commercial and
business courses; Mathematics, Science, Languages, Economics,
Civics essential; knowledge of business methods, organization and
law helpful.
ADVANTAGES- Inside job, mental work, high pay if successful; useful
career, essential to business; does not require same intensive
preliminary training as Law, Medicine, etc.; after preliminary
training, interesting and varied work; training and education may
be had while working.
DISADVANTAGES- In beginning, approximately five years of routine work;
periods of great nervous strain- much overtime; starting salaries
low and advancement slow; public accountant- much travel sometimes
necessary.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter- Field normally overcrowded. 1, Accounting teachers,
public accountants, private accountants, cost accountants,
efficiency experts in demand.
B.To Progress- 1, Opportunity to work up to executive positions.
2, i any accountants find teaching a satisfactory field until the
right opening is available in the business world.
AC OUST IC AL ENGINEER
NATUR OF WORK
A. Acoustical engineering is the science of sound control within
closed spaces.
B. The acoustical engineer analyzes hearing conditions within an
enclosure and corrects acoustical defects,
C. Functions:
1. Acoustical Coirection-Control ®f sound distribution and elimi¬
nation of reverberations, echoes, etc., so that music or speech
rap,j be heard to the best advantage, as in theatres, lecture
rooms, motion picture and radio broadcasting studios, etc.
2. Noise,Quieting-Absorption of loud ana undesired sounds into
walls, floors, etc. In offices, factories, schools, hospitals.
3. Sound Insulation-11 Sound proofing" preventxng or reducing sound
which comes from outside through walls, coalings, etc. I«i
apartment h.uses, hospitals, radio studios, ete.
4. Noise Abatement-Special branch in large cities, lessening, din
of street cars, elevated trains, paving materials, trucks,otc.
D. Fields of work
1, Research-Technical schools, electrical and acoustical labora¬
tories as. American Telephone and Telegraph Company; and in
industrial laboratories of manufacturers of acoustical plaster,
rubber tile, noiseless office machines, etc.
8. Firms of architects, contracting and consulting engineers.
3. Motion Pictures- Installation and repair of sound picture tab.eatyo
apparatus. Motion Picture Studios.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A. Acoustical Engineor- Determines number of units of the various
materials in a room and their percentage of sound absorption,
calculates most satisfactory periods of vibrations for all sounds
and recommends sound absorbing materials far walls, ceilings,
floors, etc. In new buildings suggests changes in construction.
B. Research Engineer-Research in absorption properties of building
materials, machinery construction; noise abatement.
C. Consulting engine©r-Man of long specialized o_;perie»oe and ability
contacted for advice on difficult problems.
QUALFIC ATIONS
A« General- Interest in scientific phenomena and mechanical dotails.
Logical and mathematical mind, ability to concentrate. Good eye-
eight and hearing, steady habits, resourcefulness, initiativo.
Appreciation of music and speech an advantage.
B. Educational
1. High School, emphasis on Physics and Mathomatio*.
2. Four year course at an university selecting special subjects in
Physics, Chemistry, Advanced Mathematics, Civil, Mechanical, and
Electrical Engineering, Architectural Acoustics, Economics,
Business Law, Geology, in addition. There is, at present, no
degree for acoustical engineer.
5. Electrical engineering degree advisable for acoustical work in
radio broadcasting and talking pictures. Mechanical and Oivil
Engineering ne cessary for noise abatement work.
ADVANTAGES- 1. Profession is not eVsrcroweded. 2. Work i« held in in¬
spect in that xt betters hearing qualities in theatres, homes, hospitals
adding to the comfort, health, and enjoyment of life.
DISADVANTAGES- 1. The field at present Is limited because it Is new.
2. Meets with disinterest and skepticism of the general public,
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter- I. Start may be had in all fields of work. Large demand
for engineers in radio broadcasting and sound picture studios.
B. To Progress-1. Comparatively new and growing field. 2.Opportunity
for promotion to executive position in research laboratory and in
manufacturing concerns of acoustical materials. May rise to
pooition of consulting engineer.
advertising
NATURE OF WORK
A.Advertising is the means taken to attract attention to an article--
or service that is for sale.
B,An advertising man is one who prepares, places or sells advertising
material.
C.Types of advertising
1.National magazines- national distribution to ail classes of
buyers.
2.Newspapers- general advertising, concentrated in one area.
3.Radio-'' either national or regional coverage.
4.Farm, religious and trade papers- appeal to special groups.
5.direct'advertising- letters, folders, catalogs etc., sent direct
to consumer.
6J^Reminder' advertising- posters, window displays, billboards etc,
7#Miscellaneous- free samples, movies, programs, calendars etc.
D,Methods of handling advertising
1.Advertising department- performs all functions of advertising
for one concern.
^Advertising agency- specialists in advertising, who handle
advertising for many concerns- either one ^hase or all of it.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Buyer- investigates market conditions, selects best mediums
through which to advertise.
2.Planner- arranges advertising campaigns.
(a)Layout man- makes general plan of an ad.
(b)Copywriter- writes the advertising copy.
(c) artist- creates drawings, illustrations, showcaras, dresses
windows, etc.
3.Salesman- studies needs of prospective clients, solicits
advertising accounts.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- organizing ability, knowledge of human nature (psychology
of advertising), originality, mental alertness, imagination.
B.Specific
1.Research- general knowledge of business conditions.
2.Copy- literary ability, selling ..ability.
3.Art- artistic ability.
4.Selling- selling ability, business sense.
C.Educational- High School essential, College desirable, special
advertising courses helpful.
1.General course, including English, economics, history, science,
psychology, sociology.
2,Knowledge of selling, accounting and merchandising helpful.
ADVANTAGES- live, interesting work; high salaries if successful.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Much of the work done under pressure- overtime work.
2.Work on special campaigns sometimes temporary,
* 3. Per sons lacking natural 'aEilffc^for • this""freTd~or who ~get~33ItS
the wrong department seldom succeed.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- routine positions at present well filled.
1.Persons with natural talent, who are trained in the technique
of advertising, may get jobs.
B,To Progress
1,Trained executives in particular demand.
2.Positions--wrioften open-to
trained auvertising men.
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER
NATURE OP FORK
A. Aeronautical Engineering is the science of designing all types
of aircraft and aeronautical equipment and of supervising its
manufacture,
B. The Aeronautical Engineer designs aircraft and experiments with
design, construction and use of aeronautical apparatus.
C. Divisions of Work
1, Research-Experiments with innovations in design and construc¬
tion of aircraft - engines and equipment
2. Design-The planning and construction of airplanes, zeppelins,
field equipment, etc.; and all apparatus necessary for comple¬
tion of same.
3, Operation-Installation and supervision of machinery and equip¬
ment necessary to keep the airways in up-to-date condition, as
"beacons, night lights and other safety devices,
4. Maintenance-The proper care of all aeronautical equipment in
manufacturing plants and airports,
D. Fields of Work
1. Private Industry
a. Aircraft manufacturing companies-where aircraft is designed
and constructed,
b. Aircraft motor manufacturing companies-manufacturing craft
engines and conducting experiments to improve them as to speed
and economy in operation.
c. Commercial Airports-supervising plane traffic and caring for
field equipment.
d. Research Laboratories-test materials and make special experi¬
ments.
2. Government-Employs Aeronautical Engineers to do the same work
as in private industry.
KINDS OP WORKERS
A. Field Engineer - Supervises the installation and operation of air¬
port equipment.
B. Design Engineer - Plans and lays out machines, equipment and
apparatus.
C. Consulting Engineer - Man of long specialized experience and
ability, contacted for advice on difficult problems; usually works
independently, serving several concerns; conducts experiments with
a view towards enhancing aeromotive success.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - Analytical mind, patience, perseverance, scientific and
mechanical curiosity, enthusiasm for aeronautics, steady habits,
resourcefulness and initiative. <
B. Educational - High school, emphasis on physics and mathematics.
College course leading to B.S. in Engineering, additional studies
in aeronautics, mechanical construction and design; economics,
business law and management, advisable. Several technical colleges
give a degree in aeronautical engineering,
ADVANTAGES
1. Work highly creative and stimulating.
2. Working conditions good; salaries fairly high,
3. High public esteem.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Educational costs comparatively high.
2. Work very exacting,
3. One serious mistake may jeopardize future employment.
OPPORTUNITY
A. To Enter - Exacting requirements'may make it difficult for beg¬
inner without influence to enter,
B. To Progress - Opportunity for promotion to executive position in
manufacturing and airway concerns. May rise to position of con¬
sulting engineer or may conduct own research laboratory.
AIR CONDITIONING
NATURE OF WORK
A.Air-conditioning is tho process of controlling simultaneously the
temporaturo, humidity and air distribution within an enclosure s*
as to create a comfortable atmospheric condition.
B.Fiolds of work
1.Central Plant Installations- Central plant, tc which tho air is
brought for conditioning and from which tho air is afterwards
distributed through elaborate duct systems to theatres, stores,
banks, industrial plants, etc,
2.Unit Installations- Unit equipment installed in tho locality to
be conditioned, such as offices, department stores, small shops,
hospital rooms, restaurants, small apartments, etc.
3.Transportation Installations- Include air-conditioning equipment
for railway dining car, sleeping car, day coach, freight-car
cooling, airplanes, steamships, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.The air-conditioning mechanic- usually a plumbing and heating
contractor who has taken up a practical course in some trade
school about the mechanics of air-conditioning machinery; installs
tho air-conditioning equipment according to instructions specified
by tho manufacturers or from architect's diagram.
B.Thc air-conditioning sub-contractor- bu3inoss-man of executive and
sales ability who solicits jobs from general contractors, usually
under the traditional bidding system; need not be a technical man
but must employ engineer or responsible mechanic, and make an
investment of about $3000 in shop equipment.
C.Tho air-conditioning equipment dealer- advises and sells the proper
type of air-conditioning equipment for commercial installations;
gathers information regarding type of building, cubic space to be
conditioned, etc.
D.Thc air-conditioning engineer- carries out experiments in the
improvement of design and the adaptation of units to now uses;
makes layout estimates for specific installations of tho more
complex kind.,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Required to bo at least 18 years of ago to start as
mechanic's helper; enthusiasm for air-conditioning.
B•Educational- Industrial High School course essential, with emphasis
on Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Stoamfitting, Metal-working,
Drawing, and Automotivcs; in addition, a Trade School course in
Air-conditioning, needed to qualify as Air-conditioning mechanic. |
A technical college course in Mechanical Engineering, post-gra.duatp
courses in Air-conditioning, including theory and design required
for Air-conditioning engineering. :
ADVANTAGES- Skilled tradesmen and technicians in this field are free *
from competition, from unlicensed and unskilled labor. Industry
Is In the pioneering stage, with almost infinite possibilities
ahead. Good working conditions, good pay, interesting work.
DISADVANTAGES- As yet, tho installation cost of air-conditioning
units is high, tending to slow down the demand for a general
adaptation of this needed improvement. Human resistance to change
from tradition is also a great hurdle before this industry; people
must bo educated to the fact that it isn't "unnatural" to cleso^the
windows all the times.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Demand for all typos of air-conditioning exports is
increasing in proportion to tho constant expansion of industrial
and commercial adptation of air-conditioning.
B.To Progress- Alert and enthusiastic tradesmen have before them a
particularly bright future in this field. Indications are that
this industry will attain the business proportion of the automobile
radio, or refrigeration. ''
TflL ARCHITECT
NATURE OP WORK
A.Architecture is the art of designing and the science of building
structures which are beautiful as well as useful.
B.An architect is one who designs and supervises the building of
structures,
C.Fields of architecture
1,Private- design and construction of residences.
2,Public- design and construction of schools, public buildings, etc,
3.Industrial- design and construction of office buildings,
factories, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.General architect- performs all functions of designing, planning and
supervision of construction.
B.Firrn of architects- divides work according to special capabilities.
1.Designing Department
(a)architecturai designer- The creative artist; visualises and
makes rough sketch of structure.
(b)Structural designer- The practical builder: creates foundation,
and framework to fit the rough sketch.
(c)Draughtsrnan- Prepares detailed and exact drawings of structure.
2,Construction Department
(a)Specificution writer- from draftsman's sketches, prepares list
of materials needed.
(b) architectural supervisor- supervises work of building contractor
QUALIFICATIONS)
A.General
1,A successful architect must have combined the qualifications of
an artist, a skilled draftsman and engineer, as well as a business
man.
2.Love of beauty ana its visualization; creative artistic power.
Business capacity and common sense to avoid impractical features
in design.
B.Educational
l.ln High School course special attention given to Drawing,
Mathematics, Latin, if possible Creek, and some modern language,
French preferably. A. Four year architectural course minimus®* Two
years of a general or classical college course with four years of
architectural study preferable. 3. xx year of study and travel
abroad if possible.
ADVANTAGED
1.Successful architect high in public esteem.
2.Work is exceedingly interesting and fascinating. Infinite
possibilities of variety, ample scope for specialization according
to temperament, experience, or desire. Broadening educationally
and socially.
DISADVANTAGES
l.Long years of study, followed by a long and arduous apprenticeship,
consisting mainly of routine work. 2. Compensation as inadequate
at first. 3. Public makes little distinction between the architect
and the man of little training who claims to be one.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter-1.Architecture is normally not a crowded field. 2. Positions
may be had in the personnel of an architect's office as draftsman, ,
tracer, etc. oalary and promotion increases with the development of
skill. 3. Many young students lacking means have entered the
architect's office as apprentice, and by long years of work or
college courses at night have made a place for themselves.
B.To Progress- 1. The United otates is au the beginning of its
architectural development and the public is becoming aware of the
importance of employing first-class architects.
ARTIST
NATURE OF WORK
A.Art is the power or quality of perceiving and transcribing the
beautiful or aesthetic in nature, as in painting or sculpture.
B.Au artist is one who practices an art in which imagination and
taste preside over the- execution.
C.Branches of art
1.Commercial Arts
a.Advertising- drawings tor! advertising purposes.
b.Design- creation of style's in industrial fields; -also stage
settings. ' >
c.Illustration- drawings ,for stories, articles, etc.
2.Creative art
a.Painting- portraits, landscapes, still life, figure or animal
painting and painting of general subjects.
b.Sculpture- modeling of forms, chiseling of marble, decoration,
of buildings.
D.Fields of work
1.Private artist- established artist commissioned to do special jobs.
2.Free lance- independently executed work, sold wherever needed.
3.Commercial art- salaried position in field of advertising,
illustration, designing, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Painter- painting of portraiture, landscape, still life, figurc-
or animal painting, painting of general subjects.
2.Sculptor- work upon some large statue, decorations of a building,
construction of a monument, modeling of forms, chiseling of
marble.
3.Illustrator- depicts events or scenes narrated and described in
books, magazines and other publications.
4.Cartoonist-Caricaturist- comic or educative drawings for news¬
papers, magazines, etc.
5.Commercial artist- works in field of advertising, makes drawings
for newspapers, magazines, catalogues and other advertising media.
6.Commercial Designer- creates fashions.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- good powers of observation, sense of rhythm, harmony and
perspective, enduring physique, sensitiveness and emotion, power
of infusing his work with life, temperament to work hard, talent.
B,Education- l.a general education; emphasis on cultural subjects.
2.Carefully selected Schools of Art. 3. Art courses in large
Universities or refutable private art teachers, including courses
in History, Theory and Practice of art. 4.B.R. or B.F.a. degree- if
one wishes a higher education in the arts.
ADVANTAGES- Freedom of expression; cultural development; expression
of personality; richness of living; pride of achievement.
DISADVANTAGES- Difficulty in attaining recognition; long years of
study; only the most successful earn a good income.
OPPORTUNITIES- a.To Enter- 1.Field overcrowded, but there is always
a demand for artists with new ideas. 2.Beginner may be a "free lance"
or employed by some large, business firm. 3.Until he establishes
himself, the artist should ^ind some other source of income, practicing
his art as an avocation, v
B.To Progress- Opportunity, for an artist to rise and become:
1.Designer in fashions and stage settings with high salary.
2.Illustrator- drawings for large newspaper advertising houses,etc.,
where salaries are sometimes extremely high.
3.Painter- may succeed in establishing his own clientele.
4.Sculptor may be commissioned to execute imposing monuments,
5.Fame, honor and wealth for the successful artist.
THE AUTHOR
NATURE OF WORK
A,Writing is the art of conveying information, instruction or amuse¬
ment by means of the written word,
B,An author is one who writes stories, poems, plays, novels or books
of any literary f jrn.
C,Fields of work
1.Fiction- the writing of short stories and novels.
2,Poetry- the writing of poens, lyrics and librettos for plays,
3.Stage, Screen and Radio- the writing of plays, scenarios and skits
4.Criticism- revues and evaluations of literary publications and
theatrical (including musical and dance) productions-.
5.Biography and History.
6.Essays, philosophical theses and analyses of theories and current
events.
7.Technical- text books and expositions.
KINDS OF WORKEnS
A.flack writer- most frequently employed by publishers of pulp-wood
magazines; assigned to write artielc-s or stories according to the
needs and policies of the publication; must be prolific writer,
B.Free lancer- specializes in a particular literary form; sells his
writings to any of the publications in the literary market,
C,Feature writer- generally employed by newspaper or magazine; writes
on subjects on which he is an authority.
D,Author of books- frequently under contract to a publishing house
that publishes all the books he writes.
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General- Thorough literary training; natural talent and ambition to
write; imaginative mind and a keen sense of observation; ability to
analyze, evaluate and interpret; originality and style,
B,Educational- Few writers will have any chance for success without
at least a completed High School course; College training is
valuable and, in the case :>f historical, phiiosophical and technical
writing, essential; a varied experience and a thorough knowledge of
the technique >f a particular literary fvrn; non-ficti »n writers
must make complete study of the subject matter they wish to treat pf
Should take courses in his special branch of writing.
ADVANTAGES- The author is most frequently his own master; an author
enjoys great self satisfaction upon seeing his work published.
Successful writer well paid.
DISADVANTAGES- Long and arduous struggle for recognition; the average
author is not well remunerated for his work; the criticisms of an
author's work are often most severe; he must have confidence in
himself. - .
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter
l.Ono is, reasonably speaking, never too young or too old to enter
the writing profession.
2,The keenest competition exists in the field; only the most
competent nay succeed,
3.One should rely on some other occupation for a living while
seeking in his spare tine to establish his status as a writer.
4.Hack writing, journalism or many literary contests are some of
the ways by which the field may be entered.
B,To Progress
l.rji author nay achieve wealth and renown. 2.Many monetary prizes
are given the best authors from tine to time, notably the
Pulitzer and Nobel prizes. 3.The very great creator of literary
masterpieces is an internationally honored person whose none is
immortalized.
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
NATURE OF WORK
A. The automobile industry is concerned with the production, distrib¬
ution and maintenance of automobiles and certain accessories.
B. An automobile worker is one who is engaged in any of the occupat¬
ions of the automobile industry.
C. FIELDS OF 'VORK
1. Production - The production of any part of the automobile,
chassis, engine, glass or accessories.
2. Distribution - The selling of automobiles and accessories to
the consumer; usually through sales agencies.
3. Maintenance.
a. Repairing - Repairing or replacing broken or worn parts,
overhauling motors etc.
b. Service - Storing and providing fuels.for motor vehicles;
done in garages and gasoline service stations.
KIND OF WORKERS ,
■""Fi.lds of Service
1» Low-skilled or semi-skilled workers specially trained by the
industry - assemblers, trimmers, welders, riveters, stampers,
Skilled workers
a^A/lachinist - makes and repairs machines used in the industry.
b#Tool and Dye Maker - makes the tools, dyes gauges and fixture^
used in the production of automobiles.
Sheet Metal Worker - works with tin and other types of sheet
metal i£t ithe industry.
d,p •ainter - applies the paint and finishing on the automobile,
by brush or apray.
Upholsterer - makes and adjusts the upholstery on the car.
Fields of service
1» Auto mech-.nic specializes in the repair of motors.
2. Ignition Electrician - specializes in the adjustment and
repair of the ignition mechanism.
3« Fender and Body Man - specialize in the assembly, conditioning,
and repair of fenders and bodies.
4* General Workers - automobile washers, gasoline station attendonl
porters, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - Good health, good eyesight, alertness; aptitude for the"
handling of tools and machinery.
B. Educational - No specific standards of education in the industry;
vocational high school course highly desirable; knowledge of
blue-print reading, drafting and other technical subjects advant¬
ageous; salesmen should have college training.
C. Many large plants provide apprenticeship schools and other train-;
ing facilities for beginners.
ADVANTAGES
Regular hours and a fairly high wage for skilled workers. Large
field affording an opportunity for a large number of skilled and
low-skilled workers.
disadvantages
Seasonal fluctuations. Danger of accidents.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter - employment in this industry is usu .lly secured by
applying at the various factories, factory branches, or small
shops, when vacancies occur- There are usually openings for
young intelligent workers. Training may be provided.
B. To Progress- : <-n t .k^nfrom the ranks to fill vacancies in posi¬
tions of responsibility. In the field of distribution and main¬
tenance one may go into business for oneself.
THE AVIATOR
NATURE OF WORK
A.Aviation is the science.of locomotion by means of airplanes.
B.An Aviator is one who operates an airplane.
C.Types of aviation
1.Commercial- operation of planes for business--purposes,
(a)Air-mail- transport of mails.
(b;Freight- transport of merchandise.
(c)Passenger- transport of people,
2.Military- use of planes for protection and policing.
(a)National- Army and Navy air forces.
(bJLocal- policing, hunting criminals, etc.
KINDS OF VIATORS
A.Commercial
1.Transport pilot- transports passehgers, mail and merchandise.
2.Limited commercial pilot- transports passengers, mail and
merchandise, within a restricted area.
-^."Industrial pilot- transports mail and merchandise only.
B,Military
l.Army and Navy pilots.
fa)In war time- help defend' the country.
(bjl'n peace time- may do patrolling, 'survey or aerial photo¬
graphic work.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- excellent physical condition, good eyesight, judgment,
confidence, good character.
B.Specific
1.Commercial aviator's- must be licensed and must operate within
the restrictions of that license,
(a)Transport pilot- 1200 hours solo flying, unusual physical
condition and ability.
bjLimited commercial pilot- 50 hours of solo flying.
c)lridustrial pilot- 50 hours of solo flying.
C.Educational- High School essential, some College work preferable,
1.Commercial pilots- Ground School Course.
2.Army pilots- 20 years old, unmarried, two years college, one
year Array enlistment.
3.Navy pilots- 17 years old, unmarried, high school, four year-
Navy enlistment.
ADVANTAGES
A.Stimulating, exciting and adventurous work.
B.Remuneration comparatively high. . .
C.Many" who do" hot actually become pilots still have ground positions
open to them.
DISADVANTAGES
A.Work is dangerous.
B.Requires leaving home for periods of time.
C.Comparatively short period of active service.
D.Few who train for it actually become first class pilots.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- field growing rapidly, but somewhat overcrowded at
present. »
l.Army or Navy best method of getting necessary training 'without
expense.
B.To Progress
1.Many executive positions open to successful pilot.
2.Ground work positions available after period of active service
is over.
THE BAKER
NATURE OP WORK
A. Baking is the art of producing the different varieties of breads
and cakes.
B. The baker is one who is engaged in the preparation and production
of baked goods.
C. Functions; - preparing the ingredients; mixing the resultant
dough; baking it, i.e. subjecting it to the dry heat of an oven.
D. FIELDS OF WORE
1. Neighborhood bakeries - small shops, employing few workers;
cater to local trade and frequently bake products to satisfy
the preference of nationalities predominant in a given locality.
2. Wholesale bakeries - large scale production of;
a. Breads and pastries - standard products, as toasting breads,
pies, raisin cakes, etc; sold over large sections of the
country.
b. Biscuits and crackers - nationally used edibles such as
soda crackers, cookies, saltines, pretzels, etc.
3. Hotels, restaurants, summer resorts - often employ bakers to
work on premises and prepare a special variety of rolls, buns,
fancy cakes and pastries.
KIND OF WORKERS
A. In local shops - apprentices and skilled workers under supervision
of master bakers; most of work done by hand.
B. In wholesale bakeries - mostly machine work
1. Porter - unloads trucks; carries sacks offlour to store room.
2. Helper - aids the various skilled workers; sifts flour, wheels
troughs with dough from one department to another; does odd
jobs as needed.
3. Ilixer - operates mixing machine; controls amounts of flour,
water and ingredients that go into it.
4. Scaler - operates dough cutting machine and sees that each
cut has the required weight.
5. Pan greaser - greases pans as they are being carried, by
conveyor, to molding machine.
6. holder - operates machine that fits dough into pan.
7. Oven foreman - regulates oven temperature; supervises baking
process.
8. Wrappers and packers - oversee automatic wrapping machines;
count units produced, keep records and send the baked products
to shipping department.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - bakers must be strong, scrupulously clean, free from
contagious diseases; they must pass a physical examination period¬
ically. (In New York City, must have health card.)
B. Educational - for most workers an elementary schooling is suffi¬
cient; supervisors are required to have a high school education
with training in chemistry, bacteriology, mathematics; knowledge
of electricity and heat control essential.
ADVANTAGES- baking is a basic industry; jobs are usually steady;
wages compare favorably with those of other industries.
DISADVANTAGES- work done indoors, in constant heat; flour dust in
bakeries is bothersome; workers often work the whole night through.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter
Beginners start as helpers, wrappers, etc. little opportunity for
the beginner at present, however; field overcrowded.-
3. To Progress
Hotel and fancy cake bakers are the highest paid; expert workmen
may open own shop; beginners would do well to study scientific
baking in trade school.
BANKER
NATURE OF WORK
A,Banking is the business of loaning and safeguarding money.
B.Banker- one who performs duties connected with banking.
C,Functions of banking
1.To extend credit to business; guard savings for depositors.
2.To act as trustee of estates.
3.Supply currency. '
4.To give business and investment ndvice.
D.Kinds of banks
1,Commercial- chartered either by State or Federal Governments;
owned by corporations; engaged in all functions of banking.
2.Savings- chartered by State under strict regulation; mutual or
owned by corporations; takes only thrift or savings accounts.
3.Private- licensed by State; owned by individual or partnership;
operates as commercial or industrial bank.
4.Branch banking- a sy-stem consisting of a central bank with
branches conveniently located.
KINDS OF WORKERS , v ,
1.Page boy- routine office work. '
2.Messenger- delivery of documents.
3.Clerk- filing, stencilling, check bundling and routing etc.
4.Bookkeeper- keeping of records.
5.Teller- receives and pays out money,
6.Executives- cashier, vice president, etc.
(a) Make loans, determine policies, give advice,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Good character, honesty, reliability, good personal habits.
2.Courtesy, common sense, good judgment, accuracy.
3.Neat appearance, perseverance.
B.Educational
1.fligh School essential for entering in lower positions; College
essential for entering in higher.'positions.
2.Knowledge of commercial subjects', required.
3.Knowledge of bookkeeping, typing' and shorthand.
4.Ability to operate office machines.
5. Applicants for higher positions ".'should have knowledge of
business and finance.
ADVANTAGES
A.Steady employment.
B.. Work done in pleasing environment*.
C.Banker has good standing in}community.
DISADVANTAGES OF BANKING f
A .-Small starting wage and slow nrncWss.
B.Work confining.
C,Responsibilities "heavy- mistakes.costly.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1,Vacancies seldom occur at'present,
2.Applicants most frequently start as page or messenger.
B.To Progress ,
1.Promotions are slow but there is a line of progression from
page boy to clerk.
2.Clerks, tellers, etc., become highly specialized in their work
and are usually kept at It.
3.Promotions to executive pjositipns are rare.
4.In a branch banking system, the personnel turnover being greater,
promotions occur more frequently.
THE BEAUTICIAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Beauty Culture- is the art of hair dressing, manicuring, and
beautifying the face by means of cosmetics.
B.A beautician- is one engaged in the practice of either one or all
phases of beauty culture.
C.Fields of work
1.Private Beauty Shop- usually a neighborhood beauty shop operated
by the owner and employing from one to five people- or more.
2.Chain Organization- large beauty salons, generally located in
hotels, department stores and business districts; operated by a
corporation and employing from 10 to 100 beauticians in each
salon.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1,Beginner- a semi-skilled, graduate student who works under
supervision of a general operator.
2.Specialist- an expert practicing exclusively any one of the
following phases of beauty culture:- hair cutting, shampooing,
hair waving, dyeing, bleaching, scalp and skin treatments, facial
and body massages, superfluous hair removing, manicuring.
3.General Operator- an expert in all kinds of work in the beauty
salon.
4.Manager- an expert beautician responsible for the management of
a beauty parlor; usually employed by chain system.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Good health, well groomed, sociable, pleasing voice,
ability to handle all types of people; must have dexterous fingers.
B.Educational- Grammar School; (High School preferable;; vocational
training in High School or Commercial Beauty School. Manager
should have College )r at least high School education; should know
all the work connected with beauty culture as well as with the
purchase of supplies and business management; should have a few
years experience in general beauty parlor work.
ADVANTAGES
l.No specific educational requirement is demanded at present other
than a comparatively sh.>rt training course to enter the industry.
2.Operators of outstanding ability are likely to become successful
in the5 business.
3,Pleasant atmosphere about the shop and contacts with a variety
of people.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Competition is very keen.
2.As a whole, the industry has irregular working hours; irregular
meal hours.
3.Work requires standing; danger of infection from certain hair
dyes and from skin diseases; danger of serious burns from hot
water and electricity.
4.Wages are low, expected to be increased by tips, which are un¬
certain; many shjps employ part of staff for week-ends only.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Young girls (from 16 to 22 years preferred; upon graduation from
a beauty school, generally start in their first jobs as mani¬
curists. 2.Some commercial beauty schools have placement bureaus
and place most of their promising graduates.
B.To Progress
1,Conscientious beginners advance to better paying positions as
they acquire experience and confidence of employer. 2.May rise
to a managerial position or open own business if she has a good
clientele.
the biologist
Nature of v.ork
A. Biology - The science which deals i ith the origin and life-history
of plants and animals.
B. Biologist - One skilled in the science of living fores.
C. Branches of Biology
1. Botany - Stuay of the structure _nd functions of plants.
2. Zoology - Study of the structure and functions of animals.
D. Fields of work
1. Practice - practical application of biological knowledge.
a. Agriculture—including all phases of plant and animal growth.
(1) Agronomy—soil improvement, plant and. animal breeding,des¬
truction of injurious plant or animal"pests and diseases.
(z) Entomology, solving of general or specific regional
problems confronting the agriculturist, orchardist, and
grower of flowers and trees.
b. Industry?- including every large industry which uses plant
or animal products.
(l) Biological chemistry, study and improvement of products
from rubber, wool, wood, etc.
(f) Bacteriology, study and improvement of products in dairy,
cheese, ice cream, canning and other food industries.
2. Research - private or public organizations may hire biologists
for investigation into any phase of biology.
3. Teaching, the teaching of biology in High School, University
and Professional school.
KINDS OF WORKERS
a. Biologist - scientist engaged in any major or special branch of
biological v.ork.
1. Bacteriologist - deals with diseases of unknown causes such as
measles, rabiesj tries to find methods of preventing end curing
them. Conducts experiments on human, plant, and animal diseases
and with known carriers of disease, as mosquitoes.
2. Pathologist - studies causes and remedies for diseased condi¬
tions in living organisms.
3. Botanist - plant doctor, able to investigate and diagnose dis¬
eases of plants, whether from insects, bacteria, fungi, unsuit¬
able weather or unfavorable cultural conditions.
4. Zoologist - studies origin, growth, care ana preservation of
fish, birds, mammals, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - Exhaustive in investigations and observation; calm,
patient, open to conviction. Must be courageous, accurate,
logical, persevering.
B. Educational - College essential, scientific course including study
of anatomy, physiology, pathology, physics, chemistry, bacteriology
and zoology. Special study and research in particular branch of
biology to be entered.
ADVANTAGES
Steady work. Good income, progressive occupation, important to the
welfare of humanity.
DISADVANTAGES
Research work is hard and confining, field work sometimes disagree¬
able, unhealthfui, or dangerous.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To enter - field is not overcrowded. Biological v.ork is suitable
for women, :1though preference is given to men. Government offers
many opportunities to biologists.
B. To progress - i biologist may be engaged in teaching, in industrial
practice or in the field of research. Little opportunity for
independent income.
THE BOILERMAKER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Boilermaking is the process of constructing boilers. Boilers are
metal tanks in which steam is generated for use as heat or power.
B.A boilermaker is one engaged in the construction of boilers.
C.Kinds of boilers- factories manufacture either one or all kinds:
1.Marine- for use on ships.
2.Locomotive- used for driving trains.
3.Stationary- to supply heat or power at any fixed place.
D.Functions:
1.Laying out the boiler plate to proper size and shape; marking
rivet holes and centers for connection; punching rivet holes by
means of a punch machine.
2.Cutting plate, according to layout, and running it through rollers
to obtain the cylindrical shape of boiler.
3.Fitting plate to a butt strip (metal) in which holes are punched
to match to the holes in the plate, and bolting them together
temporarily.
4.Riveting the joints.
5.Equipping boiler with tubes (pipes), smoke box, fire box, etc.,
and setting valves and gauges.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Planer and scarfer- planes edges off large, heavy plates, according
to layout.
B.Puncher- punches holes to size of rivets.
C.Flange turner- puts ridges into plates using hand or power press.
D.Hydraulic or pneumatic press hand- binds plate to form indicated in
layout.
E.Hand or pneumatic riveter- rivets plates.
F.Boiler maker- expert in all operations for making boilers.
G.Layout man- makes pattern of boiler.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Strength of body and strong nerves.
2,Accuracy and carefulness.
B.Educational
1.High School courses; preferably technical or vocational school.
2.Knowledge of mechanical drawing, mathematics, practical
trigonometry, the use of shop formulas and the rules of the state
boiler code which govern the construction of boilers.
3.Layout men must know how to read blue prints.
ADVANTAGES
A.Steady employment at fairly good pay.
B.Boilermaker is one of most important artisans in metal trades group.
DISADVANTAGES
A.Hard work; there is often heavy lifting to do.
B.Noise in factories often intolerable.
C.Some operations are done under intense heat.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Beginner should start as apprentice; serves three or four years
as helper while learning all phases of the trade.
2.Normally a job is easily obtainable; In bad times this trade,
as well as others, suffers a slump.
B.To Progress
1.Boilermakers may work in the repair, maintenance and operation of
boilers, as well as in the manufacture.
2.Railroads, steam-ship companies and large plants employ boiler-
makers.
3.Good workers may become foremen.
BOOKBINDER
NATURE OF WOhK
A.Bookbinding is the process of assembling, cutting, and fastening
together loose pages (printed or otherwise) into book or pamphlet
form,
B,Bookbinder- one who performs any or ail of the functions incidental
to bookbinding.
0.Fields of work
1,Loose-leaf and miscellaneous binding- make loose-leaf covers;
perform operations such as ruling, punching, cutting, perforating,
crimping, etc.
2,Magazine or pamphlet binding- bind magazines, pamphlets; simpler
operation than in binding of books; work usually done in small
printing shop.
3,Bookbinding- specialize in binding books; generally, a department
of a book publishing firm,
KINDS OF WOhKEko
1.Folder- operates machine that folds the uncut printed sheets.
2.Paster- insects illustrations, maps or diagrams either by hand or
machine.
3.Gatherer- collects folded sheets, called "signatures", in the
proper order.
4.Collator- checks over the assembled "signatures" to see whether
a&l are there or whether any have been duplicated.
5,Stitcher- sews signatures together, mostly by machine,, with thread
or wire.
6,Smasher- operates machine that presses "signatures", making the
book compact.
7.Trimmer- operates machine that cuts the "signatures", so that the
pages can be turned, ,
8.Backer- makes groove causing front of book to take a concave form
and the back to be rounded,
9.Liner-up- glues the cloth "head" bands on the back to which the
covers are attached.
10,Case maker- makes the stiff covers by pressing the glued inner
lining to cardboard of proper size.
11,Case-in- fastens book into cover, either by hand or machine.
12,(a)Stamper (bjGold layer (cjLmbosser- do simple machine operations
that lay on the gold leaf, press, or raise the design on the cover,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Must be over 16 years of age; must have nimble fingers;
must have ability to count and fold at great speed; must be accurate,
neat and have great patience.
B.Educational- Public ochool education is the minimum requirement for
admission; artistic ability is a prime necessity for those craftsmen
who make the leather covers, decorated by hand.
ADVANTAGES- Work is steady, easy to learn, not hazardous, reasonably
clean, normal hours of work.
DISADVANTAGES- Monotonous occupations; work done indoors; confining;
lacks stimulus for the mind; most tasks require workers to stand;
others walk all day, moving heavy bundles. Glow advancements.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- New York City is one of major bookbinding centers; at
present time, great labor turnover causes preference to be given to
experienced people; openings occur for beginners as errand boys,
delivery boys, in shipping or receiving departments.
B.To Progress- Those in position to change from minor to major jobs
become skilled craftsmen, do the better paid, artistic hand work
in leather covers. Other advancements are rare and are mostly in
the form of wage increases.
THE BOOKKEEPER
NATURE OF WORK
; A.Bopkke'epihjg-^ is -trie .systematic recording of all transactions^tliat
. 't'rM'spire in' a business.
1/B,A:bookkeeper- is. one who keeps the record of transactions.
C.Furidtiofrs of bookkeeping- to enter records, balance accounts, •
render statements and keep a record of profits or losses.
D.Types of bookkeeping
• l.By hand- records' figured and entered in Longhand.
2.By machine- records figured and entered, by machine.
KINDS OF WORKERS'
A.In a small firm-
1.General bookkeeper- performs all duties of bookkeeping department.
■ B.In a large firm-' ■
1.Entry, clerk-..makes entries of financial transactions and enters
orders on billheads fpr sales department.
2.Ledger clerk- transcribes information from journals-and other
bosks- to iedgers; makes out statements and prepares trial
balances.
3.Bookkeeper- balances accounts, prepares profit and loss statements.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Accuracy and neatness.
2.An- understanding of the financial-matters of a firm.
3.Knowledge of modern bookkeeping methods.
4.An ability -to adapt bookkeeping systems to particular needs and •
. conversely to adapt oneself to the-bookkeeping system of a
particular firm.
•B.Educational
1.Completion of a course in a business or commercial school
including Business English and Business Arithmetic.
2.Completion of the 8th grade elementary school is'most essential.
3.A High School education is advised.
, ADVANTAGES
A.A bookkeeper generally enjoys steady employment.
B»The work is usually done in clean, well-lighted and airy offices.
. C.Moderjn bookkeeping is facilitated by a variety of machines-
addihg, tabulating etc.
DISADVANTAGES
AtThe'work Is confining, often causing eyestrain.
B.The pay\is seldom very high.
C.The worls is tedious and tiring, being mostly of a routine' nature.
D.Only those who enjoy working with figures (numbers) should enter
this field.
. OPPORTUNITIES
A*.To Enter '
1.At present a job is difficult to obtain but a bookkeeper' is so.
essential to every business that openings frequently occur.
SLNot only poe^ «=■;-y -irrH^rtf ^ I "> qhrn^nt-. need a
3,Sio^Sge*1©?!^)ing-^ stenography,'swi^cSoarl=i,Stf5?¥^iag etc.,
will c..fd the bookkeeper in getting a job.
B.To Progress
l.Litt\e .chanpe of advancement except through the various
stag-es'Tof;-bookkeeping.
2..In a^arge department store, a bookk-eeper- may became..an auditor;
in a balt^-a' teller b? ^ashisr; - • - ■■■• - - V- " ' -
Pr-oper-prepar-ation will enable a bookkeeper to become an
accountant,
THE BOXER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Buying is the selection and purchase of goods from the manufacturer
or wholesaler and the supervision of the sale of those goods to
the consumer,
B.A buyer is one who conducts the merchandising activities of a store
or of any of its departments.
C.Fields of work
1.Specialty Shops- merchandising in a special line of goods; buyers
arc usually the owners or managers of such shops.
2.Chain Stores- buying of stock for chain store organization.
3.Department Stores- buying of goods and supervision of sales in
one branch of a department store.
4.Mail Order Houses- merchandising for firm that sells goods by mail,
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Examiner- inspects incoming goods.
B.Receiver- receives merchandise shipped by wholesaler.
C.Stock Clerk- cares for stock and keeps a record of it.
D.Sales Clerk- sells stock on hand.
E.Assistant Buyer- helps perform the duties of the buyer.
F.Buyer- buys goods, supervises sales; directs display of merchandise,
outlines advertising material, manages tsales force.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.A buyer must be a keen judge of values.
2.He oust know his own line of goods thoroughly and as much as
possible of other lines connected with it.
3.He should know whore and when to buy and in what quantity.
4.He must have good business ability and discriminating judgment.
5.Poise, tact and intelligence arc essential.
B.Educational
1.Few buyers with a minor education succeed.
2.High School graduates are generally preferred.
3.Some of the larger merchandising concerns require- College trained
men.
4.Thorough business training advisable; courses in salesmanship,
merchandising essential.
5.Buyer should have knowledge of styles and should keep abreast of
the changes in the fashions of the articles he buys for sale.
6.Considerable experience in selling and merchandising is very
important.
ADVANTAGES
A.Buyer is one of the most important job holders in the merchandising
• field.
B.His salary is usually high; exceptionally capable buyers are among
the highest paid workers in the business realm.
C.Hu is generally respected and often comes in contact with people
of importance.
DISADVANTAGES
a.Responsibility very great: ho oust show a profit on the sales made
under his supervision.
B.Makes frequent trips out of town.
C.Often finds it taxing to please both his employers and customers.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Present conditions leave little room for the newcomer.
1.Beginners usually start as sales or stock clerk.
(a)Department and chain stores offer best opportunity to enter.
B.To Progress-
1.A good buyer is in a position to dictate his own terms of pay,
2.He may become a manager of a large merchandising firm.
3.He may conduct his own business.
THE CARPENTER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Carpentry is tho work of building or repairing wooden structures or
those parts of structures made out of wood,
B.A carpenter is an artisan skilled in one or several phases of wood
craftsmanship•
C.Kinds of carpentry
1,Building- carpentry as applied to building.
(a)Rough Carpentry- building of framework, scaffolds, cement forms.
(b)Finish Carpentry-
(1)Outside work- consist of laying on the roof, putting on the
shingles, gablos, and porches, etc.
(2)Inside work- consists of cutting and placing moldings, the
putting on of locks and hardware trimming, the covering of
inside walls and floors, the hanging and fitting of doors
and windows, the construction of built in fixtures and stair¬
ways, etc.
2.Furniture or Cabinet Making- generally factory work specializing
in manufacturing home and office furniture.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Apprentice- learns trade by working as helper to a skilled carpenter.
B.Journeyman Carpenter- assembles tho heavy framework of a building.
1.Rough carpenter- assembles the heavy framework of a building,
2,Finish carpenter- puts on finishing touches, as fixtures, windows,
stairs, etc.
C.Master Carpenter- a contractor; makes estimates, buys materials,
supervises construction.
•QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- At least 18 years of age. Normally strong and healthy.
Skilled with tools and materials. Ability to think along tho linos
of construction work; adaptability to various working and weather
conditions.
B.Educational
1.Elementary school necessary and high school advisable for appren¬
ticeship.
2.High School, technical or training school preferred, taking a
preliminary training in practical woodwork and technical subjects,
including mechanical drawing, blueprints and mathematics.
ADVANTAGES
1.Healthful and fairly clean work.
2.Skilled work, therefore self-respecting and interesting.
3.Good pay in normal times.
DISADVANTAGES •
l.Work is seasonal.
2.Standardization in building has enabled the factory'to produce
such parts as doors, window frames, mouldings, etc., thus competing
with the carpenter.
3.Specialization of carpenter's work in building construction
reduces length of time at work.
4.Work often heavy and sometimes hazardous.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
l.Many start as apprentices and after four years of training become
fully qualified carpenters.
B.To Progress
1.There is the possibility of promotion to the position of foreman.
2.With further education in building work, he may become superin¬
tendent of construction.
3.Opportunity to become an independent contractor if one has
business ability and financial backing.
4.Carpenters may switch from building to furniture or other type of
woodwork, thus escaping slaek seasons in one or tho other field.
THE CHEMICAL ENGINEER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Chemical Engineering is the science of discovering and adapting
chemical processes to industrial use.
B.The Chemical Engineer is one trained in both Chemistry and
Engineering, who develops chemical processes, and adapts or
supervises machinery used in industrial chemistry.
C.Divisions of work
1.Research- chemical analysis; development of chemical processes
and synthetic chemical products.
2.Design- invention, modification and improvement of machinery or
equipment used in industrial chemistry.
3.Operation- installation and supervision of machinery and equip¬
ment used in chemical processes.
D.Fields of work
1,Private- analytical chemist or consulting engineer, serving-
several concerns.
2,Industrial- research or operating department of any industrial
concern; i.
3.Government- special research work, Department of agriculture,
Bureau of Standards or elsewhere.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A,Research Engineer- develops and tests the chemical process and
its products.
1,Chemist- performs supervised work in analytic or synthetic
chemistry.
B,Design Engineer- invents, modifies, designs machinery and equipment,
1,Draftsman- makes detailed drawings of design.
C,Operation Engineer- supervises proper installation and operation
of chemical processes and machinery,
1.Tester- tests products and by-products in industrial chemistry,
during and after production.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- patience, perseverance, power of perception, scientific
curiosity, energy, logical mind, ability for careful, concentrated
work, good physical condition.
B.Specific
1,Research Engineer- unusual mastery of chemistry.
2.Design Engineer- creative, analytical and mechanical ability.
3.Operation Engineer- executive temperament, knowledge of indus¬
trial plant operation.
C.Educational- chemical engineering degree essential.
1,Four years High School, or its equivalent in night school,
scientific course, plus English, modern language, laboratory work.
2,Four year technical course, including higher Mathematics,
Geometry, Drawing, Shop Practice, Mechanics and allied subjects,
(a) Thorough knowledge of chemistry, practical knowledge of
mechanical engineering and machine design.
3,Two years of post-graduate study in special field desirable.
ADVANTAGES- Large field, interesting v?ork; work usually steady,
not seasonal; often well paid.
DISADVANTAGES- Work often routine, sometimes disagreeable or danger¬
ous. Requires hard work and self-sacrifice. Long period of train¬
ing; success often comes only after years of painstaking work.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter- a large, growing field, offering endless possibilities,
particularly in field of research. Beginner may start as tester
in factory, as assistant to chemist in laboratory, or as drafts¬
man in field of design.
B.To Progress- Advancement often slow, but capable man has fine
chance to succeed; new discoveries may lead to unusual success.
THE CHEMIST
NATURE OF LORK
A.Chemistry is the science concerned with, all the different kinds
of matter, their properties, and the changes which they undergo.
B.A chemist is one engaged in either one of the following divisions
of chemistry;
1.Analytical- determining the composition of materials.
2.Synthetic- experimenting with combinations of materials to build
new and better materials.
C.Fields of work
1.Industry- textile mills; rubber manufacturing plants; perfume
and cosmetics; explosives; gas plants and chemical works;
smelters, steel plants, foundries and metal refineries.
2.Government- bureaus of public health and sanitation; bureaus *
aiding agriculture; crop, fruit and vegetable control and
preservation; Insect fighting, etc.
3.Health Institutes- hospitals; pharmaceutical concerns; Boards 5
of Health, etc.
4.Research Institutes- research laboratories, usually endowed;
and private laboratories.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Research Chemist- Analyzes various materials to produce (synthesize)
new or improved products. ;
B.Analytical Chemist- Analyzes compounds, raw materials and the
final product to determine quality and increase efficiency of
manufacture. Research and analytical chemists are engaged in pure
chemistry adding to the store of general knowledge.
C.Laboratory Technician- Stocks apparatus and materials, and performs
routine analyses under supervision.
D.Consulting Chemist- Man of long experience in a field of chemistry,
contacted by manufacturers to help solve difficult problems.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
l.Good health,
2.Scientific type of mind, imagination, originality, self-reliance,
and patience. »
B.Educational
1.High School with emphasis on chemistry, Physics, all Mathematics,
2.Four year College course in Chemistry, English, German or French],
Psychology, and History in addition. .s
3.Post-graduate work, Ph.D., advisable for research work in all
fields, and many branches of Government Service,
ADVANTAGES;- The work is fascinating and of great value to society. '
Salaries arc substantial generally after 5 to 10 years of practice
DISADVANTAGES
1.Painstaking, detailed, and confining work with some danger of
fumes and chemicals.
2.Usually start with manual work and as a laboratory technician
or assistant.
3.Long years of work to progress.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Civil Service examinations, Federal, State, and County, are given
in all fields of work periodically.
2,Opportunities may be found in endowed Research Institutes.
B.To Progress
1.Experienced chemist may go into consulting work, or with further
education into chemical engineering, or open a laboratory whero-
ever there is need for one.
2,Those with business ability and experience may branch out.into
executive positions or into selling which is highly remunerative.
THE CHIROPODIST (PODIATRIST)
NATURE OP WORK
A. Podiatry or chiropody ( synonymous and interchangeable terms by
law) is the science of diagnosing, treating and correcting foot
ailments and deformities that do not reach beyond the inner layer
of the fascia (skin) of the feet.
B. A chiropodist is a licensed practitioner who treats disturbances
of the feet, removes bunions, corns, etc., and corrects foot
deformities,
C. FIELDS OF WORK
1. Private practice - general practice »f podiatry in own office,
on fee basis.
2, Professional worker - in a clinic, school, bathhouse or shoe
store, in which care of the feet is recognized, or in a large
firm attending workers who are required to stand all day.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A. Chiropodist engages either in general practice or specializes
ih any of the following:
1, Surgery - removing corns, callouses, ingrown toe-nails, and
minor growths.
2. Palliative and mechanical treatment - correction of foot ail¬
ments such as weak ankles, weak arches and similar disorders,,
using mechanical devices where necessary.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
1. Pleasing personality; neatness; integrity of character; strong
and healthy body; good nerves; good eyesight; hands capable
of doing skillful work; superior mechanical ability to handle
and use tools and apparatus very skillfully.
B. Educational
1. General'course in high school with emphasis en physiology,
physics, chemistry and Latin.
2. In New York State, one year of college work, in a recognized
institution.
3. Graduation from the First Institute of Podiatry, which is the
only school in Now York teaching Podiatry,' the course is 3
years. In 1940, the requirements for Podiatry will be two
years of college work.
4. Candidate must pass the State Board Examination befor a li¬
cense to practice is granted. A specialist may take post¬
graduate courses in the School of Podiatry.
ADVANTAGES
1. Podiatry is becoming an important and useful profession.
2. The field offers great opportunities and the compensation is
rather lucrative, when one has a good clientele.
3. The Podiatrist is responsible only to himself in private
practice.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Cost of education is rather high.
8. Disagreeable work, occasionally,
3. Subject to constant nervous strain.
4. Equipment for an office is expensive,
5. It may require a long period of time to build up a profitable
practice,
OPPORTUNITIES
A. T« Enter-l-The field of podiatry is not overcrowded,
8. Opening own office is the usual method of entering the field.
"3. One m ay enter the field as an individual practitioner or as
an employee for a firm.
B. T» Progress- The opportunities to progress in the field of Podia¬
try are mainly in increased earning, and in recognition as a
specialist.
THE CIVIL ENGINEER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Civil Engineering is the-science of supporting stationary and
movable loads;
1.Water loads- supported by dams, reservoirs and drainage systems.
2;Earth loads- supported by tunnels, mines and highways.
3.Structural loads- as bridges, buildings and other elevated
■ structures.
B.The Civil Engineer- surveys sites for, designs, supervises the
building of, and maintains the structures which support these loads.
C.Branches of Civil Engineering
1.Surveying- inspection and measurment of locations.
2.Designing- creation of plans for a job.
• 3.Construction- erection of the structure.
4.Operation and maintenance- operation of bridges, dams, etc;
maintenance and repair of all structures.
D.Fields of work
1.Industrial- buildings, railroads, mines, etc.
2.Public- public works projects.
(a)City- city planning, as,streets, sewage systems, etc;
(b)State- as highways, irrigation systems, dams.
(cjNational- flood control, water conservation, land drainage,
public bridges, tunnels, darns, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A,Office Engineers
1.Designer- creates the plans for a structure.
£.Draftsman- makes detailed drawings of the design.
(a)Tracer- routine work; assists draftsman.
B.Field Engineers
1.Surveyor- plans location of dams, highways, etc.
(a)Rodman and Chain man- assist Surveyor.
2.Construction Engineer- supervises the building of the structure.
3.Operation Engineer- supervises the operation and maintenance of
bridges, dams, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Analytical mind. Ability to think rapidly and clearly, to
• visualize practical projects/ retentive memory. Good health,
mental balance, and strength o'f character. Proficiency in
Mathematics, and English, written and spoken.
B.Educational
1.Four year High School course including Mathematics through solid
Geometry, Trigonometry, Mechanical Drawing, Physics and Chemistry-
2.Four year course at Engineering School including if possible
subjects such as: History. Economics, Political Science, Liter¬
ature, Foreign language. Further courses in Accountancy,
Business Law, and Management advisable.
ADVANTAGES
r.Oreat-i-ve—ins-tiact gIvan fulir "expressronv-
2.Work, interesting, having --an unending variety of problems.
DISADVANTAGES- Remuneration usually not large; long hours, strenuous
work, aM .unsettled mode of living demanded of engineer in field
work}. all\phases of work very exacting; business and cyclic
depression period^ effect employment greatly; often layoffs
between jobs.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Majority of\graduates find inside positions as draftsman
; or _as-.ro dm an. or chain, man.
1.While the field or- Engineering is crowded there" "ih'JTways^-ap
demand NCoy the wellx qualified Engineer.
B.To Progrest\ManV Engineers\are qualified for almost any non¬
technical executive posi^JonXin the f/ield of industry.
l.The field of^Civrl Engineering is overcrowded. One may progress
only through Hard w^rk and^aft^r years of experience, -
CIVIL SERVICE WORKERS
NATURE OF WORK
A.Civil Service is governmental work for which individuals qualify
on the basis of competitive examinations for each individual job.
B.The civil service worker is one who is in the employ of the Federal,
State, Municipal, Count} or Township governments, having obtained
his position by passing a civil service examination.
C.TYPES OF WORK (KINDS OF WORKERS)
A.There is scarcely a private business, profession or occupation whin
has not a counterpart in the public service.
1.Professionals retained by local and federal governments range, all
the way from accountants to zoologists.
2.Government engages in diversified business activities, employing
therein almost every type of worker; ditch diggers and engineers
shipping clerks and upholsterers; proof-readers and printers;
stenographers and lawyers; chemists and veterinarians, etc.
3.Especially proficient workers needed in administration of each
project.
B.A high percentage of all occupations in the public service are in¬
cluded in the civil service categories•
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
l«Must be at least 17 years old.
2. No criminal record.
3. Must be a citizen of the United States.
4. Must meet residence requirements as outlined in local, state or
Federal civil service commissions.
B.Specific- The candidate for a civil service post must satisfy all the
requirements of the particular position he is seeking. These require^
ments cannot be met without thorough educational background, or ex- :
perience, or both, for each job.
ADVANTAGES
1.Civil service positions offer greatest degree of economic security,
dismissals being infrequent.
2.During periods of economic depression, civil service positions pay
somewhat higher salaries than do similar positions in private
industry.
3.Hours of work usually somewhat less than in private industry.
4.Working conditions generally satisfactory.
5.Federal Government and many local administrations have systems of
disability, old age and retirement pensions.
6.Unu3ual opportunities for special research work on government
time and with government equipment.
DISADVANTAGES
l.During "boom11 periods, salaries range lower for similar work than
those offered by private industry. ■
i 2.Promotional possibilities often thwarted, by bureaucrats.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Because of unemployment, candidates for civil service positions
far outnumber available openings.
2.Civil service examinations have become far more rigorous than the
requirements of the occupation make necessary.
3.To further reduce the number of applicants, qualifications for
such positions have been made difficult to fulfill.
B.To Progress
l.Workers qualify for successively higher positions in original
department on the basis of additional experience and competitive
examination. In rare cases, do workers secure really high paying
positions•
COMMERCIAL ARTIST
NATURE OF V\D RK
A, Commercial art is the adaptation of artistic expression to commer¬
cial enterprise,
B, The commercial artist is one who paints, draws, sketches or designs
for commercial purposes.
C, Types of commercial art
1, Advertising- the use of art in advertising products,
2, Designing- the use of art in the creation of new fashions in
apparel,
3, Illustrating- the use of art in connection with literary work.
D, Fields of Work
1, Advertising agencies,
2, Publications-newspapers, magazines, publishing firms.
3, Free lance- work done on artist's own initiative or as per order
paid for each item accepted,
KIND OF WORKERS
A, Sign painter- paints signs; makes enlargements of sketches or paint
ings on walls, posters or billboards,
B, Letterer- craftsman of artistic or practical lettering,
C, Poster artist- makes sketches for posters; usually employed by
advertising agency,
D, Fashion designer- makes drawings of new style creations.
E, Illustrator-illustrates magazine stories, books, etc,
F, Cartoonist- caricatures and satirizes people and events.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
1. Artistic talent and ability essential.
2. Thorough knowledge of composition, color, value, and design;
understanding of sales psychology and advertising principles.
3. Should possess imagination, inspiration, enthusiasm.
B, Educational
1. High school is the minimum prevailing standard.
2. Thorough schooling in commercial art essential,
3. Courses in fine arts, helpful.
ADVANTAGES
1. Commercial art, conceived and executed in a sincere manner, can
be fine and uplifting work.
2. Salaries are generally good and , in some cases, high.
3. Companions and associates are usually of a congenial nature.
DISADVANTAGES
1, It is hard for the artist who does not successfully combine the
artistic with the commercial,
2, Work is frequently done under high pressure,
3, The race of professional development is slow.
OPPORTUNITIES
A, To Enter
1, Properly qualified students, in normal times, may find employ¬
ment in advertising and art agencies, department stores, print¬
ing houses and theatres; usually starting as apprentices.
B, To Progress
1. The field has unusual opportunities for those who are highly
qualified.
2, The successful commercial artist may maintain his own studio or
may open his own advertising agency.
THE CONFECTIONARY WORKER
NATURE OF HGRK
A. The confectionary industry is concerned with the manufacture of
various types of candies.
B, A confectionary worker is one who performs any task in connection
with candy making.
C, r TJTOTiONS
1. Preparing - cleaning fruit, roasting almonds and nuts, making
the coloring materials and otherwise preparing the ingredients
that go into the making of candies.
2. Mixing - combining the ingredients in large kettles, mixing
them and pouring the resultant mixture into molds»
3. Producing the finished product - dipping the mixture in
chocolate, vanilla or other flavored cream, depending on type
of candy desired; heating or chilling as required.
4. Wrapping and packing - in tinfoil, paper or box.
D. FIELDS'C-F WORK
1. Specialty candy shops - make special brand of candy in squill
quantities for own localized clientele.
2. Chain store shops - sell candies made in own factories.
3. Candy factories - produce many varieties of candies for nat¬
ional and often world-wide consumption.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1. Colorist - prepares the materials with which candies are
colored,
2. Summer - mixes the ingredients and molds the candies.
3. Candy maker - performs the various functions listed above.
4. Chemist - devises new types of candies, and concocts new
flavors.
5. Foreman or forelady - takes charge of a department in a man-
ufac turing p 1-ant.
6. Manager - in charge of plant.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - good health, good eyesight and cleanliness,, essential;
vrorkers must also be dependable, responsible and trustworthy.
B. Educational - no specific schooling required beyond elementary
school, but high school graduates are preferred; a knowledge of
chemistry and physics is helpful; chemists, of course, must have
the training their profession requires plus experiences in candy
manufacture.
ADVANTAGES
1. Chemists, foremen, managers are well paid.
2. "Rxk dsu lly Ian- in clean, light, veil-ventilated workrooms.
D IS AD"VANTAGES
1. Most workers are poorly paid; the hours are long; the work is
seasonal, according to particular types of candies and holiday
demands.
2. Gumir.ers and other factory 'workers do their work in -an atmos¬
phere of flour and sugar dust in intense heat or cold.
OPPORTUNITIES
To Enter
At the present time labor supply exceeds demand. Beginners
generally start as wrappers and packers.
B. To Progress
Capable and qualified workers may rise to supervisory positions.
Candy makers of long experience may open own specialty shop.
THE CONSUL
NATURE OP TOJK
A.The Consular Service offices of the Federal Government located
in foreign trade centers to promote American trade and to expedite
the documentation of international commerce, transportation and
travel.
B.The Consul- is a United States officer appointed by the President
to manage a consular office.
C.Types of Consulates
1.Consulate General- perforins all consular services and in addition,
acts as a clearing house for all communications pertaining to
trade relations between the State Department and other consular
offices within its jurisdiction.
2.Consulate- consular office located in big cities and shipping
ports of foreign countries, under the jurisdiction of a consulate
general.
KINDS OP WORKERS
1.Clerical workers- employed in the consular service to handle
office routine work. (No formal examination is required for
appointment to a clerkship job).
2.Interpreter- a foreign service officer of the consular branch
who has advanced from the grade of student interpreter.
3.Vice Consul- a subordinate officer in a consular post who may
assume charge of consul's duties when the principal officer is
absent.
4.Consul- a foreign trade relations officer appointed by the
President and directly responsible to the Department of State.
5.Consul General- same as consul; has jurisdiction over several
consular offices.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- must be between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-five
years; must be American citizen; excellent physical condition,
B.Specific- 1. Clerks required to have a speaking knowledge of the
language of the country to which they are sent; stenography is
desirable. 2. Interpreters- Three modern foreign languages and
must merit appointment within one year's attendance at the Foreign
Service School in Washington. 3. Consul and Vice Consul - Must •
be College graduates; must secure a Presidential designation
(applications are made out on form, secured from the Secretary of
State); must be able to speak one or more foreign languages and
must pass a threefold written, oral and physical examination.
ADVANTAGES
l.Long active career, fairly well paid and with -a retirement
system according to age and length of service. 2. Have all the
cultural advantages of foreign travel.
DISADVANTAGES
1.There are none of the immunities and privileges as in the di¬
plomatic service; consular employees are subject to the laws of
the land as other foreigners are. 2. if climate is unhealthful,
it may be impossible to have his family with him,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- l.The written examinations are held from time to time
at the Civil Service districts, in New York and several other
cities. 2. Appointments are made in the order of ratings attained
in the examination.B.To Progress l.A year of training is given at the
forei n Service' School in Washington vhijLb-'undet* emplby?*ent • as ThteD?k,
I 2.1a this period, of pivnati&a ta.c-, clerk is judged as. to. qualifications a'
for what branch of the service he or she is best suited. 3. First
appointment is that of unclassified Foreign service officer, and
eligible for ninth class Foreign Service officer. 4. Ninth class
officers are eligible to the higher positions of the Foreign
Service, in which there are nine classes.
COSTUME DESIGNER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Costume designing is the art of originating or modifying new fashions
for ladies' garments.
B.Costume designer- an artist who creates new styles and plans sample
garments for the dressmakers.
C.Fields of work
1.Custom and wholesale dressmaking- Firm employing costume designers
to produce samples of new style garments, which will be sold and
serve as patterns to wholesale dressmakers.
2,Private costume designing or dressmaking- Practical designers
who set up own establishment, designing, fitting and finishing
the gown desired by the individual.
KINDS OF WOkKLRo
1,Sample hands- assistants to designer who carry out the plans of
assembling the work.
2.Designer- an artist of originality who creates new styles and
makes or supervises the work of sample garment construction.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- .Good taste, keen imagination, inborn ability to create,
sense of color, keen powers of observation, a liking of art.
B.Educational- Elementary School is essential; High School most
advantageous. Practical experience of craft work in the industry -
sewing, draping, cutting, fitting - should be followed by extensive
training until a technically skilled in the art of designing; must
know fabrics and weaves, widths and shrinkage of cloth, how to gradf
patterns, etc. Free elementary courses are offered in many day and
evening High Schools; advanced courses may be pursued in many
colleges and other private or endowed schools of fine arts and
applied craft.
ADVANTAGES
1.Costume designing work is fascinating.
2.Reasonable hours and comparatively high pay for the experienced
designer.
3.Frequent visits to places where wealthy women gather, such as
dances, teas, dinners, opening nights, etc.
• 4.Opportunity to go abroad (Paris) once a year or oftener to study
styles,
5.Much of the working time is spent out of the shop.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Competition is keen.
2.There is practically no demand for designers in small towns.
3.Work is seasonal (slack season from May to august).
4.May be difficult to get a start.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
lqA beginner must start as an assistant whether she has had art
training or not; may start in a manufacturing concern as a
saleswoman, a model, a sketcher, a sewer, a finisher.
B.To Progress
1,Earnest and competent designers usually attain recognition after
proving ability,
2.Designers of recognized ability may rise to high-salaried position-
in high cKAss garment firm.
3.Originator of styles has excellent chance of succeeding in own
business.
CRSDIT3AND COLLECTIONS
NATTRE OF WORK
.A.The field of credits and collections comprises:
1 .Extension of credit-delivery of money or merchandise, on
promise of future payment.
2.Collection of amounts involved in credits extended - the
following up of accounts and collection of payments in part or
in full, (as promised) until total amount of credit is realized.
B.Fields of Work-credit departments are maintained in:
l_T1ields of business-manufacture; wholesale, retail and depart¬
ment store; installment houses; mail order firms.
2.Fields of Finance - banks,insurance companies, finance companies,
underwriters, and foreign trade credit agencies.
C.Functions:
1.Gathering of information
(a) Sources-agencies, banks, lawyer^, salesman, newspapers,
personal statements
(b) Classifying and recording of information obtained
(c) Filing the detailed and summary reports
2.Passing orders
(a) Fixing limit and terms
(b) Approving transactions
3.Making collections
(a) Checking reports from accounting department to discover
delinquents.
(b) Following up and haling of delinquents by mailing
letters, calling in* person and instituting legal action
(c) Crediting payments
KIND OF WORKERS
A.Clerk-does filing and other clerical work
B.Bookkeeper or Ledger Clerk-keeps the records and accounts up-to-
date
C.Credit Interviewer-in retail selling and in fields of finance-
interviews applicant seeking credit.
D.Credit Reporter or Investigator - makes personal investigation
and obtains first hand information about applicant
E.Credit Manager, on sales-involving credit, and follows "tAt
policies, nna supervises all activities within the credit dep't.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General-a wide and general knowledge of business methods and
conditions; knowledge of the elements of Commercial Law and
Statutes of Exemption; Credit Manager must be able to assume
responsibility, to express himself intelligently; must possess
tact, polish, an understanding of human nature, and be
deferential and firm as required.
B.Educational-high school essential, college preferable. Courses
in Accounting, Auditing, Credits, Salesmanship, and Psychology
advisable.
ADVANTAGES
L.Good salary 2. Credit men ire looked upon with esteem and respect
3.Opportunity to meet important people
DISADVANTAGES - great responsibility may lead to nervous strain
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter - at present the opportunity for newcomers is limited.
Many firms seek trained and experienced workers. A person seeking
experience in this field may start as a Ledger Clerk or
bookkeeper and advance.
B.To progress-Credit man may become an official in a large firm;
may become a partner in the firm or establish his own agency;
may write for trade newspaper giving credit information^ or
oublish such a paper himself.
DLNTiJj HYGIENIST. DmNTi-L ASSISTANT
NATURE OF I.ORK
A.Dental Hygiene is the branch of denial practice concerned with
educating the public in the proper c..re of teeth.
B.The Dental Hygienist - is a licensed practitioner who assists dentists
in public or private clinics, and is . iso authorized to engage in
prophylactic educational work.
C.The Dental assistant or "Dental Nurse", acts as assistant in a
private dentist's office.
D.Fields of work:
1.School clinics give classroom instruction to children on the care
of the teeth/ mouth examination ana treatment.
2.Government and hospital clinics - dental hygienist assists dentist,
in prophylactic work ana perforins other minor duties, such as X-ray
examinations, cleaning teeth, etc.
5.Industrial clinics - big corporations employ dental hygienists to
give free dental cue to their employees.
4.State departments of health employ aental hygienists in the same
capacities as in hospital clinics.
5.Private practice - dental hygienist makes preliminary examination,
cleans teeth, advises on care of teeth..; refers other work to the
dentist.
KINDS OF V.OhKEnS
l.The Dental Hygienist works under the direction of a licensed dentist
and is limited by statutory law to the cleaning of the teeth, dental
examinations, prophylactic treatments and educational work.
g.The Dental Assistant often termed "Dental Nurse", acts as reception-,
ist, secretary and dental assistant in private dentist's office but
is prohibited by law from doing any work in the patient's mouth; «
hasn't the training of the Dental Hygienist and is not licensed.
QUALIFICATIONS (Dental Hygienist and Dental Assistant)
A.General: good health, orderly habits, cheerful disposition, intelli¬
gence, pleasant appearance, patience and ability to handle children.
Must be over 18 years of age.
B.Education: (Hygienist) four years of high school as pre-professional
training, a dental hygiene course (l-,l yrs) in a recognized school,;
as Columbia University, Guggenheim Dental oiinic; pass State licensing
examination. (Dental Assistant) high school course, must be a good'
secretary, and some training as "Dental Nurse" either by apprentice¬
ship or by taking a few weeks course in some training school; her
work is limited to assisting dentists in private practice.
ADVANTAGES
Attractive working conditions; pleasant surroundings; interesting
work, quasi-professional importance and recognition, public school
hygienists are employed in the same basis as regular classroom teacher
DISADVANTAGES 1
Work requires standing for long periods of time, often strenuous work;
since the depression, Dental Hygienist has had to accept the duties
of Dental Assistant in addition to her regular work.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter - The field is comparatively undeveloped; need of dental
hygienists is ane.,a. i singly felt; public, industrial and private clin¬
ics hold good prospects for quick employment. Dental Hygienists
usually start in a dentist's office doing laboratory and prophylactic
work.
B.To progress - Experienced Dental Hygienists become indispensable clin¬
ic assistants; occupy responsible positions in public school clinics,
industrial clinics, etc.; may continue studying in a recognized
college of dentistry in spare time and become full fledged dentists.
Dental Assistant may take up the hygienist course ana become a
licensed dental hygienist.
THE DENTIST
NATURE OP DORIC
A.Dentistry Is the science of preventing and correcting disorderai
conditions of the mouth and teeth.
B.A dentist is a licensed practitioner of dental treatment.
C.Fields of work
1.Private practice- general practic on a fee basis.
2.Clinics in hospitals, schools, and social agencies.
3.Industrial dental dispensary eg., General Motors, Metropolitan
Life, etc.
4.Federal Service and Army and Navy.
KINDS 9F M OR ICRS
A.Dentist- Examines the mouth to determine the kind of dental work
needed, extracts bad teeth, fills cavities, strengthens malformed
teeth, replaces and takes general care of the teeth. Refers
serious cases to specialists.
3.Special fields- The dentist may specialize in any or several of
the following: l.The straightening of malformed mouths and teeth.
2.Oral Surgery- The treatment of diseases or injuries affecting
the mouth or maxillary bones. 3. Making artificial teeth or plate
work. 4. Extraction. -5. X Ray dental work. 6. The treatment of
pyorrhea. 7, The care of children from the age of two years until
the time they achieve adult teeth.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Superior mechanical ability, hands capable of doing skillful and
constructive work. Good eyesight, good nerves, and a strong and
healthy body. Integrity of character, thoroughness, neatness and
pleasing personality.
B.Educational
1.General course in High School with emphasis on Chemistry, Physics,
Physiology, Latin and manual training *
2.Two to three years of College work including English, Chemistry,
Biology, or zoology.
3.Graduation from a legally authorized school of dentisty, four
years.
4.Candidates must pass a State Board Examination before a license
to practice is granted.
C•Specific- Specialist should take post-graduate courses in dental
school. Dentist may become specialist as the outgrowth of general
practice•
ADVANTAGES
1.Dentist held in same respect as other professions.
2.Independent- responsible only to himself in private practice.
3.income above average.
DISADVANTAGES
l.Cost of dental education is high. 2. Long hours, monotonous work,
constantly standing on feet. 3. Subjection to constant nervous
strain. 4. Initial expense in equipping office. 5. In general it
takes five years to build up a paying practice. Dentist should
be able to finance himself at the start.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter '
1.Dentistry is the least crowded of any branch of the medical
professions. 2. Opening own office is the usual method of entering
the field. 3. May enter field as an assistant or junior dentist in
clinic, dentist's office, etc. 4. Capable women dentists will
find good opportunities in the field of child dental care.
B.To Progress- Large fields for expansion since authorities estimate
that only 20;* of the population of the U.S. receives dental care.
THE DEPARTMENT STORE WORKER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Department store work is the management, promotion and execution
of sales in a department store.
B.A department store worker is one engaged in any of the phases of
department store work.
C.Functions of department store
1.To buy- purchase stock for the various departments.
2,To sell- retail merchandise to consumer.
D.Branches of a department store:
1.Merchandise- buying and soiling of goods.
2.Publicity- advertising and display.
3.Service- facilities to customers; building maintenance; personnel,
4.Finance- nuministratijn if store's finances.
KINDS OF WOiiKEnJ
A.1.Receiving Clerk 2.Checker 3.Marker 4.St >ek Clerk:-receive incoming
goods, mark prices, care for stock.
B.l.Booth girl or junior sales girl- sells items >f uniform style and
price. 2.Salesclerk- sells variety of goods in any one department.
3.Head of Stock- keeps a record of all the stock in a department;
replenishes stock whenever necessary; chooses goods for display;
and assists in training new employes. 4.assistant buyer- assists
buyer. 5.Buyer- has charge of purchases and sales of a department.
6.Divisional Merchandise Manager and Merchandise Manager- supervise
all merchandising activities.
C.l.Wrapper 2.Cashier 3.Driver's helper 4.Delivery driver 5.Shipping
supervisor- perform duties connected with the shipping of goods.
D.Floor manager- directs the work and controls the efficiency of the
selling force of a number of departments on a floor.
E.General Manager or Store Superintendent- supervises nil of the
activities of a department store.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- 1.Minimum age-sixteen years, for minor jobs; eighteen for
jobs on sales force. 2.Good health. p.Ploasing abearance, agreeable
voice, neatness and cleanliness. 4.Mental alertness, ability of
expression, tact and cheerfulness.
B.Educationai-l.Most stores prefer to employ people with at least
some High School training. 2.Some stores require applicants to be
College trained. 3.Knowledge of English, Arithmetic and Retail
Salearnenship essential.
C.Specific- 1.Workers in higher positions must have experience in the
merchandising field in addition to a good education.
ADVANTAGES
A.Experienced workers receive good pay.
B.The work is usually steady all year round.
C.Work is performed in clean, well lighted surroundings.
D.Some department stores provide recreation rooms for their employees.
DISaDVaNTaGES
A,Salespeople have to stand most of the day.
B,Strenuous Work during seasonal rush.
C,Entering workers receive low wage.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter-l.The field is at present filled to capacity.2.During
holiday season some part-time workers are hired.3. Beginners
usually start as messengers, wrappers, receiving or stock clerks,etc.
B.ToProgress-1.Chances for advancement many; but promotions slow.
2.Capable workers will rise to supervisory positions. 3.Salespeople
may become buyers; other workers may rise in the various branches
of the store in which they work.4.Department store experience is
helpful in other fields if business, selling, advertising, etc.
DIESEL ENGINE WORK
NATURE OF WORK
A.Diesel engine work includes the manufacture, installation,
operation, and maintenance of Diesel engines.
l.The Diesel engine is an internal combustion motor similar to
the gasoline motor, except that it has no electrical ignition
system and uses crude oil as fuel injected mechanically int®
the compression chamber where it burns as it mixes with the
red hot temperature of the highly compressed air.
B.Uses of the Diesel engine
1.Marine Service- use of Diesels on ships, yachts, ferries, motor
boats, and submarines.
2.Industry- use Diesel engines, as prime movers for electric
power generation, extensively used In mining, quarrying, dredging,
excavation; in compressors, crushers, hoists, cranes, tractors,
railroads, buses, trucks, pumps and farm machinery.
3.Army and Navy- equip tanks, tractors, vessels, etc., with Diesels.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Diesel Operator- semi-skilled man who puts Diesel into action,
controls Its operation, and performs minor details such as
lubrication, refueling, etc.
2.Diesel Mechanic- highly skilled man, with reasonable knowledge
of Diesel principles and capable, through experience, of recti¬
fying small troubles or breakages and replace worn out parts by
new ones,
3.Diesel Engineer- technically trained mechanical engineer who
specializes in Diesel engineering, which includes research,
design, manufacture and Installation of Diesel engines; analyzes
troubles that might be due to obscure causes.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Minimum age 18 years; good health, strength and endurance
required to operate dredgers, excavators, etc.-, and to handle
heavy tools and machinery; essential to have a mechanical or
inventive mind and to be handy with tools; aptitude for figures
and drawing; industrious, alert and good judgment.
B.Educational- Operator should be at least a grammar school graduate
and understand, through experience, the elementary principles of
the Diesel engine. Mechanic should be an industrial high school
graduate and take up a course on Diesel engines in a trade school
or get the necessary experience as helper In a shop. Diesel
engineer must be a College or University graduate in mechanical
engineering, with specialization on Diesel engines.
ADVANTAGES- A comparatively new industry constantly grdwing;
mechanically simpler than the gasoline engine and much cheaper
to operate; wide adaptation, supplanting even the water power and
steam engines. Regular and stimulating work and fairly
remunerative.
DISADVANTAGES- Work is hard and dirty. As yet one cannot open own
repair shop as in the gasoline engine industry. Many automobile
mechanics may easily adapt themselves to the Diesel field and
compete with the Diesel experts. There is not yet any organized
mass production, .but only made-to-order manufacturing,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Newspaper ads, employment agencies, often call for all
types of Diesel service men. Army and Navy offer best possible"
free training In Diesel work with an enlistment in the service.
B.To Progress- Those with a capacity for hard work, foresight,
alert, and adaptable are likely to succeed in getting the best
paid jobs in the field. Specialization is being appreciated and
as the industry progresses there"is every reason to believe that
there will be good opportunities.
THE DIETICIAN
NATURE OP WORK
A.Dietetics is the study of the properties of foods, and the applica¬
tion of such knowledge to the prevention and cure of diseases and
'ailments.
B.The dietician plans and prepares diets for patients and the general
public, correcting abuse of the digestive system, deficient and un¬
balanced diets, sickness, lowered vitality, decayed teeth, etc.
C.Fields of work
1.Hospitals-Preparation of diets, following doctor's sugges tions,
in treating diseases and hastening convalescence; correction of
patients wrong eating habits.
2.Institutions-Preparation of well balanced menus in schools, san¬
itaria, welfare institutions, homes for aged, etc.
3.Commercial-Supervision of preparation of a wide variety of nour¬
ishing, attractive and economical food in hotels, tea rooms,
restaurants, large concerns, etc.
KINDS OP WORKERS
A.Dietician-Plans, prepares, and serves regular menus and special
diets for institutions, hotels, restaurants, etc.
B.Hospital Dietician-Makes daily rounds with doctors, interviewing
patients, asking for suggestions. Assists in planning special diets,
in supervising and inspecting kitchen operations and servicing food.
Instructs medical and dietetic students; instructs nurses in practi¬
cal dietetics. Gives departing patients personal instruction in
'food preparation, and special food lists.
C.Administrative Dietician-Supervises the planning, ordering, prepar¬
ing, distributing, and budgeting of the food, for an entire insti¬
tution. In hospitals offers suggestions to doctors and modifies
diets of special cases; prepares menus a week in advance insuring
variety of food and efficiency; supervises assistants, and class '
instruction; engages entire staff.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General-Good judgment, discretion, sympathetic understanding, organ-
'izational ability. Ability and liking for preparation of food.
B.Educational-l.High School graduate. 2, Pour year college course ma¬
joring in Home Economics and specializing in foods and nutrition.
Through courseein organic and physiological chemistry, human
physiology, general bacteriology, psychology, institutional manage-
"ment. 3. Post-graduate work, 6 months to 1 year in a hospital.
C.Specifio- 1.Administrative Dietician-Courses in cost accounting;
executive ability; and in hospital work knowledge of medical and
surgical treatment.
ADVANTAGES
1.Hospital dietician has become a position equal to other depart¬
ments of science, as chemistry, and X ray laboratory work.
2.Public is recognizing that the good food served by a dietician
not only contributes to health and happiness but is more economi¬
cal than the inferior quality,'
3.Salary is good; dieticians receive maintenance as well,
DISADVANTAGES
l.In the commercial field the dietician faces the prejudice that his
work does not possess a decided commercial advantage.
2,Work is often isolated, confining, with long hours.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- 1.Beginning positions may be had in all fields, chiefly
in hospitals. Opportunity to do preventive work for physicians.
B.To Progress-1.The commercial field, childrens' hospitals, and old
peoples' homes, have great potentialities. 2. Opportunities to ad¬
vance to specialist of nutrition, and administrative dietician.
THE DIPLOMAT
NATURE OF WORK
A.Diplomacy is the art of applying intelligence and tact to the-
conduct of official relations between nations; as in settling
disputes, arranging treaties and other international natters.
B.A diplomat is one who represents his country in a foreign land
for the purpose of maintaining good will in international relations.
C.Functions of a diplomat
1,Negotiates treaties and terms of foreign loans.
2,arranges for purchase of lands, etc.
3,Gives protection to American lives and property abroad.
D.Kinds of diplomatic service
1.Embassies- Established in the more important countries of the
world.
2.Legations- Foreign offices in countries of lesser powers.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Unclassified officers- are unclassified and work on probation for
one year, during which time they are in training at the Foreign
Service school at Washington. -
B.Classified officers- having completed the training course, act as:
1.Translators or interpreters- translate documents and interpret
conversations. 2. First, second or third secretaries- keep
records. 3. Counselors of the embassy- advisors on military and
naval matters.
C.Ministers- have charge of legations.
1,Charges d' affairs- head legations in the absence of ministers,
D.Ambassadors- highest office in diplomatic service; head embassies
and represent the State Department of the United otates in its
negotiations with other countries.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- 1. Between 21 and 35 years of age. 2. adaptability, balance,
tact, impartiality. 3. a diplomat should be socially adept,
judicious in entertaining people, formal and hospitable. 4. He must
be a superior person with high educational and intellectual
attainments.
B,Educational- Must be a University graduate; must pass written oral
and physical examinations given by the U.S. Department of State;
Subjects include: v(a) International Law, (b) Modern Languages
(c) American History (d) Modern European, South American and Far
Eastern History. Must know one or more foreign languages, French,
German or Spanish.
ADVANTAGES- Work is stimulating, exciting, absorbing, adventurous;
offers travel, activity and contacts with great leaders of foreign
countries; offers an elaborate social life.
DISADVaNTaGEo- Long hours., hard work; have to go to any part of the
world to which assigned; diplomats must perform duties without
regard to personal safety or discomfort.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
l.Only a small percentage of candidates for the service pass the
difficult examinations. 2. Only those with the highest rating
are placed as unclassified officers.
B.To Progress
1.There are nine grades of classified officers:- successful candi¬
dates start in the ninth grade and are periodically promoted to
eighth, seventh, etc. 2. Ministers ana Ambassadors are appointed
by the President with the consent of the Genate; candidates for
the posts are frequently chosen from the ranks of classified
officers; very often, however, only political connection will
win one an Ambassadorship.
THE DRAFTSMAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Drafting consists of the preparation of complete working drawings
from designer's plans which, when reproduced in the form of blue
prints, serve as workmen's directions for construction of en¬
gineering and architectural jobs.
B.The draftsman makes working drawings from designer's sketches.
C.Fields of work
1.Private Industry
(a) Architecture- Building designing.
(b) Mechanical Engineering- Machine designing and construction;
heating and ventilation.
(c) Mine Engineering- Construction of shafts, machinery and
shoring for mines.
(d) Structural Engineering- Building and bridgo construction.
(c) Marine Engineering- Construction of ships and oquipmcnt.
(f) Civil Engineering- Dams, bridges, roads, power plants,
railroads, waterways, etc.
(g) Aeronautical Engineering- Airplanccs, motors, otc.
(h) Automotive Engineering- Automobiles, ongincs, parts.
(i) Topographical Engineering- Surveying and map making.
(j) Patent Attorneys- Patenting inventions and drawing.
2.Government Employ- Municipal, State L Federal Governments employ
draftsmen in almost all branches listed above.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A,Lcttcrors and Tracers- Drafting apprentices. Letter and trace
plans, using draftsmen's instruments.
B.Junior Draftsman- Prepares finished plans from detailed sketches
furnishod by designer.
C^Sonior Draftsman- Prepares finished plans from sketchiest of
suggestions. Must develop minutest parts and work out all details
of construction. Must frequently compute the quantity and cost,
occasionally selecting the typos, of materials used.
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General- Excellent eyesight; mechanical abilities; manual dexter-'
'ity; painstaking neatness; capacity for amount of infinite detail.
B,Specific-Draftsman should have a thorough knowledge about all
phases of the particular work in which ho is involved, i.e.-Archi¬
tectural Draftsman- artistic feeling; knowledge of architecture;
ability to make general building designs and to draw free hand
sketches of proposed structures. Mechanical- familiarity with
principles of mechanics and many typos of machines. Patent- draw¬
ing versatility (must make clear, accurate drawings of the most
varied types of mechanical devices).
C,Educational-High School essential; College preferable; Technical
School training advisable, Knowledge of drawing and mathematics.
ADVANTAGES- Key to thorough knowledge of particular architectural
or engineering field engaged in. With real proficiency, salaries
fairly high. Physical working conditions generally good.
DISADVANTAGES- Employment unstable (draftsmen of ten hired only for
tonuro of individual job); hard on eyes; generally involves steady
plodding away at same type of work; confining. Salary for be¬
ginners lrw, advances generally lag behind increasing adeptnoss.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Difficult without connections, Openings, coincident with
groat percentage of unemployment in construction trades, few.
B.To Progress- Best approach to architectural or one of the engineer¬
ing professions- particulorly on designing end. Advancement slow.
DRAMATIC ART
NATURE OP WORK
A.Dramatic Art is the staging, acting, and directing of plays.
B.The dramatic artist is engaged in producing, directing, designing
"sets for, or acting in a play.
C.Fields of work
1.Legitimate Stage-Theatres, Stock Companies, Repertories, Little
Theatre groups, character sketches, dramatic reading.
2.Motion Pictures-Acting in and directing of talkies.
3.Radio-Broadcasting of sketches, studio plays, dramatic programs.
4.Allied Fields-(a)Music-Opera, Light Opera, Musical Comedy,
(b) Dance-Ballet, Polk and Modern.
KINDS OP WORKERS
A.Actor- Portrays a character by means of voice, manner and appearance.
B.Stage Designer-Designs stage sets from director's instructions.
C.Stage Manager-Has general oversight of mechanical side of produc¬
tion and artistic effects.
D.Director-1.Stage-Selects cast; studies play for scenic values;
rehearses players and backstage operations weeks before opening.
2.Motion Picture-Supervises entire production of a picture,
E.Production Manager-Organizes whole producing body. Judges the cast
and scenery selected by director. May be the director.
P.Special Fields-1.Dramatic reader-Reads current plays, poems and
prose selections almost exclusively to clubs. 2.Dancer-Acts pan¬
tomime to music with artistic dance and colorful costume, g.Singer
Acts as well as sings a role,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General-Broad cultural education and interests, books and people
especially. Ability to create reality in character interpreted.
Good memory, developed powers of observation, healthy imagination,
abundant enorgy, earnestness, physical fitness, infinite patience.
Actor in particular should have personality, poise, pleasing voice,
reasonably fair features, and average size.
B.Educational-1.High School, emphasis on English., History, Languages,
and Dramatics. 2.If possible a four year course at an accredited
school of drama, 3.A competent voice teacher is invaluable. 4.The
average production manager prefers experienced actors to jraduatos,
C.Specific-1. Stage.Manager*Acting experience, technical ".knowledge,
cxocutivc" ability 2,-Ste.go. and Movi'c ' Director- Organizing -goniua,
good psychologist, tact, resourcefulness. Movie•Director- Knowledge
of motion picture technique and business executive. 3.Production
Manager-Long years of experience in the theatre,4.Musical comedy-
Beauty, grace, vocal talent, training in stage dancing.
ADVANTAGES- New plays often rehearsed, preventing boredom; interesting
people are met and opportunity to travel is afforded. 2.The average
good all nround actor earns a faiSfl/- substantial salary.3.Success
on the legitimate stage is respected and enduring.
DISADVANTAGES- 1.Practical experience and background are rsrely
acquired in a short time, one must play minor parts for years before
having a significant part, and then great success comes to very few.
2.Resources needed over periods of unemployment. Large expense for
clothes and living quarters.3.Even experienced actors arc addicted
toms'tage fright. 4.Actor must bo at beck and call of public at any
time. 5,The talkie field is extremely •vererowded and stardom is
rare.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Start may be found in legitimate stage theatres,N.Y.
theatre agencies,movies,radio,summer stock companies. Opportunities
as recreation leaders in settlements,playgrounds,and camps.
B.To Progress-When one has established a reputation one can expect
high remuneration. Stage managers, Directors and Actors may branch
•ut into motion picture work and the growing field of radio.
THE i&LlThlCAL ENGINEER
NITORE OF WORK
A.Electrical Engineering- is the science of developing, transmitting,
and utilizing electricity.
B.Electrical Engineer- is one who experiments with, designs, and
supervises the operation of electrical machinery and equipment.
C.Branches of electrical engineering
1.Manufacture- Production of electricity jn ^ower plants.
2.Transmission- Transporting, storing, and regulating the flow of
electricity.
5.Utilization- application of electricity for light, power, heat,
etc.
D.Fields of work
1.Plants manufacturing electrical apparatus and equipment.
2.Public Utility Companies
(a)Central otation supplying power light and heat.
(b)Tele^hoiie, Telegraph and Cable Companies.
(c;Electric and steam railroads.
3.Industrial plants- supervising electrical machinery used in
manufacturing.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Operation Engineer (majority)- Supervise the operation of eleetri
cal apparatus in transportation, power production, radio,
refrigeration, mining, etc.
B.Design Engineer- Designs and supervises the construction of systems,
as in the layout of transmission lines, powerhouses, etc.
C.Research Engineer- Develops new methods and improves old ones.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General-;Inquiring mind into natural laws; an urge to plan, develop,
and construct something new. Patient and fastidious in details.
Accurate in mathematics. Able to put theory into practice.
B.Educational
1,General- Technical High School course, including algebra,
Geometry, and Trigonometry. Engineering school, four years,
essential for professional degree.
2.Specific-Research requires more extensive courses in Matheme.ticsf
May be advisable to devote a year or two to practice before
tailing at least one year of post-graduate work.
C.Specific
1,Operation Engineer- all-round education. Good understanding of
business, ability to meet people socially and make friends and
contacts.
2,Design Engineer- Must combine ability to originate with a thorough
mastery of details and mathematics. Familiar with history and
trends.
3,Research Engineer- High mental qualities* Particularly endowc-d
with imagination, ingenuity, persistence, and patience. Good
command of English essential.
ADVANTAGES
A.General- Field nfew and varied. Interesting. Contact with all
classes of men. Members high in public esteem.
DISADVANTAGES
A.General- Initial period of routine work. Element of danger.
Promotion is slow, and tedious in corporation field. Heavy drafts
on patience and perseverance; long and strenuous course of prepa¬
ration.
OPPORTUNITIES- 1. To Enter- a growing field. Beginners will find
employment more readily in large corporations than in private fields;
large corporations employ each year a cross-section of an
engineering shcool graduate body. 2. To Progress- Salary fair at
start with good future possibilities, (a) Large corporations
frequently start men at high salaries.
THE ELECTRICIAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Electrical occupations are tnose occupations that deal with the
generation, transmission, distribution or application of electric
current.
B.An electrician is one who is employea in the installation, main¬
tenance or repair of electrical equipment.
C.Fields of work
1.Manufacture—the making of electrical equipment and appliances.
2.Installation—the wiring and connecting of equipment and appliances.
5. Repair—the servicing md repairing of all types of electrical
objects in shops, homes and elsewhere.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Roughing in--the Installation of electric wiring into buildings
before they are finished.
1.Apprentice helps journeyman; prepares wire; does minor wiring.
2.Journeyman electrician wires buildings; installs switchboards,
elevator apparatus, meters, transformers end various motors.
5.Conduit man lays subterranean electrical cables.
4.Splicer spices and adjusts cables.
B.Finishing—installation of all those electrical fixtures used in
buildings after structures have been finished.
1.Apprentice and journeyman electrickn are engaged in this work.
C.Repair
1.Maintenance man comes to homes or factories to repair electrical
appliances that are not working properly.
2.Service man detects break in electrical circuit, and repairs.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General: Entrants should be at least 18 years of age; must be
physically fit; good eyesight and nimble fingers are essential; must
be mentally alert, full of initiative and able to learn quickly? must
have interest in and liking for electrical work.
B.Educational: Should have at least one year of high school; high
school graduate preferred; vocational school course in electrical
work advisable; should have knowledge of mathematics as applied to
the trade; the ability to read diagrams ana blueprints.
ADVANTAGES
1.Interesting and varied work, fairly good pay; regular hours of work.
DISADVANTAGES
l.The work is apt to be dangerous at times; repair men may have to
* work on a night shift; conditions of work are often unpleasant.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter
l.The field is at present very crowded.
2.In normal times an electrician may gain employment in the electri¬
cal as well as in some allied industries such as r.,dio, motion
picture production.
B.To progress
1.The experience as an electrician will be of great vrlue to one who
will study to become an electrical engineer.
2.An electrician may become a contractor and conduct his own business
5.In the production of plays, operas and other theater presentations,
electrician plays an important part, being in this case not only
a craftsman but an artist as well.
THE EXPORTING TRADE
NATURE OP UGRK
A.Exporting is the business of selling and shipping domestic
merchandise to foreign markets,
B.An exporter is one who is engaged in the exporting trade.
C.Kinds of exporters
1,Export commission merchant- receives cabled orders for various
kinds of goods from his branch offices abroad, places them with
manufacturers here, gets commission from manufacturer, and
charges fee for shipping services to purchaser,
2,Manufacturer*s export department -negotiates directly with
foreign buyers; maintains branch offices abroad,
D.Branches of the work
1.Foreign sale3, correspondence department- sends salesmen abroad
with samples and catalogues; write business letters; ansv/er mail,
2,Shipping department- makes out invoices, bills of lading,
consular documents; insures goods and attends to formalities of
placing freight under the care of shipping company,
KINDS OP WORKERS
1,Messenger- assists shipping clerk; goes to Consulate to certify
invoices; goes to insurance offices to insure goods; goes to
steamship offices, delivers forms,
2,Shipping Clerk-makes out invoices; prepares consular, insurance,
and shipping documents; ships goods.
3,Correspondent and Translator- answers mail; translates letters,
cables.
4,Export Technician- relieves export manager of technical details
connected with shipping rates, records, custom duties, foreign
exchange, routes, collections.
5,Traveling salesman- sent from foreign branch or head office to
towns not covered by regular agent; cables orders.
6,Branch Manager- sometimes foreign agent; stationed abroad, to
handle business in local territory; takes care of his own
customers and finds new ones.
7,Export Manager- foreign sales manager headipg exporting department
of manufacturer or firm; familiar with exporting practice, world
markets, banking facilities, stationed at large port or at factory,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Superior ability is expected even of minor employees.
Salesman must know language of the country to which he is sent.
B.Educational- High School commercial course is essential, with
specialization in foreign languages (Spanish, French, Portuguese).
•:> Executive positons require man or women to have a college business
training; broad fund of human knowledge; additional knowledge
gained only after years of foreign trade experience,
ADVANTAGES- Fairly well paid positions; never dull; broadens one's
knowledge about the civilization of other countries; good prospects
for advancement with a promising future; many opportunities to
travel and make friends abroad,
DISADVANTAGES- Exacting work; one has to be ready to travel at a
moment's notice. Bad connections and uncomfortable traveling
conditions often occur; revolutions or changes in governmental
trade policies may cause financial ruin.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- 1.Normally, export field offers good opportunities;
(activities at present are still less than in 1929 but continue on
the upswing). 2.Capable beginners enter the field as messengers,
assistant shipping clerks.
B.To Progress- 1.Individuals proficient in foreign languages become
shipping clerks.2.Good education and experience open doors to
higher clerkship positions. 3.Command of two foreign languages
is the basis for salesmanship and foreign branch manager positions.
FIREMAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Firemen, under the law, are responsible for fighting fires, saving
life and property, and enforcing all regulations to prevent fires,
B.The fireman is engaged in fighting fires, inspecting buildings,
caring for apparatus, etc.
C.Branches of the fire department:
1,Engine Companies-::- Operate water hoses, chemical apparatus and
other fire - fighting tools,
2,Hook and Ladder- ''Truck Company1' operate ladders, perform rescues,
remove burned materials; ventilate building, ridding it of gases
and enabling engine company to advance lines,
3,Rescue Squads- Assist members of engine and truck companies.
Advance hose l/ines to dangerous and difficult places.
Administer artificial respiration to those overcome by smoke,
4,Fireboats- Fights fires on waterfront, docks and boats,
5,Fire Academy- Instructors of recruits in use of tools, saving lives,
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Fireman- Directs water on fire, raises ladders, rescues occupants,
removes all burned materials to prevent rekindling, administers
artificial respiration. Inspects buildings and t akes care of
apparatus.
B.Engineer- Responsible for proper care and operation of trucks, pump
and water mechanisms, etc.
C.Lieutenant- Command of one day or night platoon, assists captain.
D.Captain- Command of a company (two platoons). Inspects men and
apparatus daily. Keeps list of all property. Supervises recording
of day's events. Responds to alarms and assumes command at fire
until superior officer arrives.
S.Battalion Chief- Commands and is responsible for efficiency and
discipline of four or more companies. Visits company houses,
checking personnel and equipment. Assigns men to examine buildings
in district for unsafe and defective conditions.
F.Deputy Chief-Control, management, and direction of a division
consisting of four or more battalions.
(J•Fire Commissioner- Head of entire fire department.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- 1.Citizen of the United States and resident of New York
State for one year. Between the ages of 21 and 29 years. Height
generally at least 5 ft. 7 inches. 2.Must possess strong and
healthy physique, cleanliness, and good eyesight. Courage and
resourcefulness, stamina, level headed, obey orders instantly,
knowledge of duties.
B.Educational- 1. Elementary school minimum. High School advisable.
2.Advisable to attend preparatory civil service school. 3.Pass
following examinations: (a) a rigid medical examination, (b) a
physical examination testing strength and agility, (c) a mental
examination in Civics, Mathematics, Chemistry as applied to burning
buildings, Physics, elementary duties. 4.Eligible candidates
appointed as probationary firemen and assigned to a school of
Instruction and to various companies for practical experience. Those
capable are appointed as fourth grade firemen.
ADVAiTTAGES-l.Work is steady and firemen may not be discharged except
for a good reason. 2.Income Is above average. 3. Injured and sick
firemen receive full pay, and a pension is given after twenty years
of service. 4.Firemen are universally respected for their work.
DISADVANTAGES-1.Opportunity for promotion restricted because of keen
competition. 2.The work is extremely hazardous. 3.On duty in hottest
as well as zero weather, both day and night.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Civil Service examinations are given periodically.
B.To Progress- Promotions are made on the basis of seniority, meritori¬
ous service, and superior capacity as shown by a competitive
examination.
THE FLORIST
NATURE OF WORK
A. Floristrf is the art of growing flowers and plants, including the
arrangements of the cultivated blooms irto artistic floral designs.
B. A florist is one who grows and sells flowers and plants, and floral
designs,
C. Fields of Work
1. Wholesale growing - large crop production.
. a. cut flowers grown in greenhouses.
b. Potted plants grown in greenhouses,
c. Propagation of growing plants under glass,
d. Cut flowers grown in field,
2. Retail growing - growing of plants for retail trade, usually in
own neighborhood shop,
3. Wholesale commission dealing - buying from growers and selling
in large quatnities to retailers,
4. Floral retailing - local flower shops in which flowers usually
brought from wholesalers are cut, designed and arranged and sold'
to consumer,
KIND OF WORKERS
A, Delivery boy - delivers flowers; sometimes drives truck,
B, Wirer and stemmer - wires stems, removes surplus foliage.
C, Cleaner and packer - cleans specks, bugs, etc,, from flowers; packs
orders,
D, Designer and arranger - highest paid worker in retail shop; creates
attractive floral color-combinations and patterns, such as center
pieces, funeral sprays, etc.
E, Salesman - solicits business by following up leads; fills telephone
or written orders; sells from the floor,
F, General manager or owner - expert florist; supervises all activities
in a flower shop,
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - An inherent love for flowers and plants; good manners and
ability to meet people; understqnding of business methods and salesr
manship.
B. Educational - High school desirable; essential subjects - botony,
geology and plant pathology; also knowledge of entomology to «
combat insects and pests; trai^ng in floriculture ( a distinct asset)
available through correspondence and leotures; a two-year course In
floriculture - ouen to those with scholastic background,
ADVANTAGES
A, Working surroundings are attractive, pleasant and restful; salaries
are fair; one makes valuable social and business contacts,
DISADVANTAGES
A. Irregular hours; holiday rushes make it necessary often to work until
midnight; there are long slack periods and spotty sales; difficulty
of building up a & ientele and the perishable nature of product are
detrimental features to the flower shop owner.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter
1 Field at present overcrowded; jobs most available before holidays,
graduation time and similar occasions; boys may start as messengers;
those with selling experience may start as salesmaen; graduates
of special courses may find opportunity as apprentices,
B. To Progress
^Persevering youths advance to better paying positions; florists
of long experience may open ovra flower shop, which under proper
management may be highly successful commercially.
-THE FOREIGN .TRADE SERVICE*
NATURE OF WORK
A.The foreign trade service is comprised of bureaus located in foreign
trade centers and operating under the direction of the Department of
Commerce, embracing a wide range- of activities such as the study of
banking conditions abroad, aiding in the purchase of raw materials,
collecting and disseminating information relating to foreign markets,
B.Kinds of work
1.District Offices- The Department of Commerce maintains 56 perma¬
nent offices in foreign countries and 51 district offices in the
United States for the distribution of foreign trade information,
which has been prepared in the main offices of the Bureau at
Washington, either from original sources or from reports of
consuls, trade commissioners and commercial attaches of the
United otates in foreign countries.
S.Bureau of the commercial attache- an extension bureau, stationed
either at the embassy or legation to compile the work reports of
traveling trade commissioners and to direct the investigations
connected with foreign trade.
K11IDS OF WOitKLao
A.Bureau Clerks- Clerical st iff composed of stenographers, file clerjcs
editorial clerks, research assistants, statistical clerks, trans- ■:
lators, and various experts in particular phases of foreign and
domestic commerce.
3.District Representative- Commercial agent who furnishes manufacturer
and exporters with foreign trade information, assists foreign buyers
who seek to be put in touch with American Manufacturers.
C.Foreign Trade Commissioner- Travel in foreign countries and in¬
vestigate subjects connected with the trade, industries, finance
institutions, business conditions, and economic resources of
foreign countries.
D.The Commercial attache- assigned to foreign trade centers where
extensive investigations are conducted; comes in contact with
leading government officials and business men in foreign countries.
QUALIFlCaTlONS
A.General- Must have good health; pleasing personality to attract
people; great patience; must be American citizens.
B.Education- Translators are usually required to know three modern -
foreign languages; all clerical positions are subject to the com¬
petitive requirements of the Civil Service regulations. Executive
positions are not in the competitive class, and are filled only by
men or women of superior education with business experience;; must
know languages, modern history, international law, economics, com¬
mercial geography, and other subjects connected with foreign and
domestic trade.
ADVANTAGES- Fairly well paid positions; retirement pensions for those
under Civil Service; opportunity to travel; opportunity to learn the
business and qualify for executive positions; opportunity to meet
important people. i
DISADVaNTaGES- Work is exacting; requires living away from home and
friends; requires entertaining people; requires living a dignified,
inflexible life.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter- Applications to take these examinations are sent upon
request, and should be addressed to the Bureau of Foreign and
Domestic Commerce at Washington.
B.To Progress- The service offers splendid opportunities to broaden
one's intellect and to become en expert on Foreign Service affairs.
Experience qualifies serious minded persons to enter the consular oi
diplomatic service.
THE FURRIER
NATURE OP WORK
A. The fur trade is coneernec with the manufacture and sale of arti¬
cles made from fur.
B. A furrier is one who is engaged in the manufacture of fur coatsy
collars, cuffs and other fur articles.
C. FIELDS OF WORK
1. Manufacture - production of fur tri.v;. ings and apparel
(a) Factories - lorge scale production of fey garrents.
(b) Repair shops - steam, repair and remodel used furs.
(c) Custom shops - catering to individual clientele in design
and production of fur articles for individual preference.
2. Sale - distribution of furs.
(a) Fur dealers - distributers of fur skins and manufactured
articles; employ mostly experienced furriers with a
thorough knowledge of the value and quality of furs.
(b) Retail stores ■- sell ready made garments direct to com-
sumers; often conduct storage service for the preservation
and maintenance of expensive furs.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A. Dresser - washes the pelt and makes it usable for the fur manu¬
facturer.
B. Dyer - skillfully treats pelts for coloring and finish.
C. Manufac turing:
1. Floor boy - runs errands and assists generally in the factory.
2. Nailer - stretches and blocks garments to required patterns.
3. Operator - operates machine that sews the skins together.
4. Finisher - sews linings, pockets and trimmings on fur garments;
these are usually hand operations and are done by women.
5. Cutter - cuts various skins; matches skins for color, design,etc
6. Designer - creates styles; estimates amount of skins necessary:
for garment, and arranges the skins to bring out their full
beauty.
D. Raw fur buyer - buys raw furs either for resale or manufacturing,
purposes; must be expert on quality and market value of furs.
E. Dealer - either in raw furs, or as a wholesaler or retainer, as
above.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
1. Workers must be highly skilled; ability to handle furs and,
in manufacturing, to arrange them tastefully,essential.
2. Buying calls for experience, shrewdness and a thorough know¬
ledge of furs.
B. Educational
Grammar school essential; a technical high school education highly
advisable; courses may be tqken at night.
ADVANTAGES
1. Fairly high rate of pay; hours are regular. >.
2. Work is interesting and varied.
D IS AD V.'iNT AGES
1. Seasonal employment and widespread unemployment in the trade.
2. Workers are often inflicted with rashes and acquire what is
known as "Fur Fever".
OPPORTUNITIES
a. To Enter
1. The best opportunities are found during the busy seasons.
2. Through the trade schools?'contacts, many graduates are
placed in jobs.
B. To Progress
1. Opportunity to advance in the skilled positions with a
proportionate increase in pay.
2. Chance of securing a highly paid foremouiship.
3. Chance of going into the retail, wholesale or jobbing business.
THE GARHENT INDUSTRY
NATURE OF V.ORK
A.The garment industry comprises all the occupations engaged in the
process of manufacturing clothes for men and v.omen.
B.Functions of work
■1.Designing—the creation of styles.
2.Cutting—the cutting of goods.
3.Assembling--the process of assembling the garment.
C.Types of garment factories
1.Hen's clothes--factory employing specialized workers, each perform¬
ing one operation in the process of making clothes for men.
2.Ladies garment factories—specialized establishments engaged in
manufacturing one particular type of ladies garments.
a.Skirt makers—specialze in making skirts.
b.Waist makers—specialize in making ladies waists.
c.Dress makers--specialize in making ladies dresses,
d.Clo^k makers--specialize in making ladies coats and suits.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Designer—a person of originality ana ingenuity who creates new
styles.
2.Cutter—marks cloth with the aid of patterns and then cuts material
by machine. Cutter's assistant puts goods on table and rolls cut
material into bundles.
3.Operator sews pieces together on Sevang machine.
4.Tailor sews with needle; finishes linen joints; attaches buttons.
5.Buttonhole maker makes buttonholes (on men's clothing).
6.Draper puts (ladies) garments on figure; sees if they are properly
assembled.
7.Presser presses garments with flat iron and by machine.
8.Examiner examines finished goods; if perfect sends them to shipping
QUALIFICATIONS room.
A.General: Physically fit; quick; accurate
B.Educational
1.No special educational requirements are demanded, but for advance-^
ment to supervisory jobs a high school industrial course is helpful.
2.Designers must have high school education with specialization in .
drawing and designing; must learn pattern designing in some trade
school.
ADVANTAGES
Regular hours; fairly good pay in work season.
DISADVANTAGES
Seasonal trade; confining work; monotonous; often, environment is of
sweat shop variety; noisy shops; strains the eyes.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To enter
l.Only experienced workers can get jobs at present time. Boys start
as helpers, trucking bundles about; assistant cutters, lining
sleeves; shipping clerks* Girls start as examiners, lining sleeves
sewing on buttons.
B.To progress
1.Boys have opportunity to learn cutter and operator jobs.
2.Girls have opportunity to become operators or foreladies.
3.Advancements are slow.
NATURE OF WORK
A.Geology is the science that treats of the constitution and
structure of the earth,
B.The Geologist is one who is engaged in the study of the physical
structure of the earth,
C,Functions of the Geologist
1.Determines what regions may be exploited for economic purposes by
means of exploration and laboratory research,
2.Studies history and development of the earth, through analysis
of its structure.
D,Fields of" work- The geologist is consulted in:
1,Industry- in the search for oil fields, mines, minerals and
precious stones,
2.Building and Construction- investigates foundations for proposed
railroads, dans, buildings, etc,
3.Laboratory work- work consists of sample testing of rocks; nap
study and interpretation,
4.Field of scientific research- Smithsonian Institute of Washington
and large museums engages many geologists whose work is chiefly
that of collecting rocks, minerals and fossils in various parts
of the world to determine its life and history.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Field Geologist- studies rocks, physical forces that operate to
form or destroy them, through direct observation.
B.Chemical Geologist- makes chemical analyses of rocks and minerals,
C.Paleontologist- goes into field to hunt fossils, studies them in
laboratory to identify and describe thorn. Pale-otologist works in
remote sections of Asia or Europe to find fossils that tell of
ancient nan, of dinosaurs, etc,
D.Mineralogist- collects specimens of minerals, identifies then or
diagnoses new discoveries.
E.Seismologist- studies earthquakes, their causes, phenomena,
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General- Good memory, willing to work hard, physically able to stand
the rigors of outdoor life and strain of laboratory confinement.
Love for the work; scientific mind,
B,Education- a four year College course in Geology, a study of
Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Biology, Mathematics. Must have a
knowledge of at least one foreign language. Must do actual labora¬
tory and field work. Post-graduate training desirable.
ADVANTAGES- It is a progressive and enriching occupation. The
geologist is regarded in high favor in scientific and commercial
circles. He is an important person. His services are always in
demand. Future is very promising. Profession is honored and respecte
Financial rewards usually good. Good income with oil and mining
companies.
DISADVANTAGES- Very hard work, confining in laboratory. If engaged
by an industrial corporation he may be sent off on a prospecting trip
lasting several weeks and may possibly run the risk of exposure to
various dangers such as landslides, falling rocks, or if in mines,
danger of floods, suffocating gas, etc.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter-1.Field not overcrowded. 2.Field and laboratory research
work open to geologist. 3.Various fields of private industry demand
the services of geologist, as engineering firms, oil concerns, etc.
B.To Progress-1.Chance to go into business and establish himself as a
consultant. 2.Chance to take position as an instructor in a College,
University, etc.
art!
NATURE OF Y.OhX
A.The hosiery industry is concerned with the production of stockings
for men and women, out of silk, wool mid cotton y^rns or combina¬
tions of the three.
KINDS uF EOivKmhS
A.In manufacturing departments.
1.Y.inders--women. Transfer yt rns from skeins to cones or winding
and coning machines. 3-6 weeks training.
2.Rib top xsnitters--women. Knit, by machine, ribbed tops of stock¬
ings in long tubes separated by thin line of yarn. *.-3 months
training.
3.Top cutters--v.omen. Separate tops and tie them in bundles.
No training necessary.
4.Seamless hose knitters—women. Knit hose on circular knitting
machines. 6-12 months training.
5.Full-fashioned hose knitters--nien. host highly skilled workers
in industry. 3 years training.
a. Leggers--knit full-fashioned hosiery legs.
b. Footers--knit full-fashioned hosiery feet.
6.Double-sole cutters—women. Sever threads on inside of feet by
electrically or hand powered machines. Ten weeks training.
7.Hoopers--women. Close toes end heels on circular machine.
Skilled operation. 3-4 months training.
8.Seamers--women. beam foot and leg by machine. Sewing machine
experience.
9.Inspectors—v.omen. Grade stockings into firsts, seconds, or
imperfects. 3-4 weeks training.
10.Menders-~women, uend imperfect hose. 1-3 months training.
11.Dyers--men. Dye finished hose.
12.Boarders--men and v omen. Dry and shape stockings by drawing
them over electrically heated forms.
13.Maters--women. Give hose final inspection. Match and pair hose by
size, color, design, etc. Little training.
B.In auxiliary departments:
1.Accountants, advertising men, salesmen, office workers, packers,
shippers, mechanics, millwrights, and maintenance men supplement
work of manufacturing departments.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General: Physical fitness; particularly good eyesight, mental and.
physical alertness, quick moving.
B.Educational: None demanded. Grammar school education preferred.
Vocational training for each branch valuable; i.e. dyers-,--chemistry,
dye preparation, etc.
C.Special: 1. Machine adjusters, 3 year apprenticeship, learning
operation and methods of repairing every type of machine in plant,
in addition to special school training in arithmetic, algebra,
mechanical drawing, industrial chemistry, industrial physics, and
ele:ientary mechanics. Full-fashioned Hosiery knitters—same as
above and science of textile work..
ADVANTAGES
l.Less severe slack seasons than in most industries; 2. hosiery
plants generally modern, well-lighted and ventilated
DISADVANTAGES
l.VYork never varying, operations monotonous; 2. tremendous speed-up
plays havoc with health of workers; 3. constant roar of looms
impairs hearing.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter: few openings because of general unemployment. Beginners
start as apprentices.
B.To progress: Y.omen can't advance beyond "group forelady" positions.
Men—possibilities of promotion to department foreman, plant super¬
intendent, etc.
HOTEL MANAGEMENT
MORE OF IvOiiK
A.Hotel Management is the supervision of satisfactory rendition of
service to transient or permanent residents in hotels.
B.A Hotel Manager is one who supervises the administration of a hotel.
0.Kinds of hotels
1.Summer or winter resort- caters to vacationing, tourist trade.
£,Transient hotel- caters to overnight or temporary guests*
3.apartment or residential hotel- performs service functions of a
hotel for a permanent clientele.
4,Chain hotels- offer uniform service in more than one locality.
D.Functions of a hotel
l.To provide shelter ana food, at a stipulated rate and according
to the health and legal standards of the community,
ICliJuS OF Vv0nhEno
A.One may worm up to hotel manager through:
l.Roorn Service department- serves the person seeking shelter,
fa) Bell boy- escorts guests to room, runs errands.
(b) iioom clerk- checks guests in and out, assigns rooms.
2*Food service department- served food, to rooms and in dining roonu
fa) kaiter- waits on diners.
(b) Catering manager- supervises all .phases of food service, as
menus, buying of supplies, management of kitchen,etc.
3,Business department- hanuies finances of a hotel.
(a) Cashier- collects and pays bills, records expenses, etc.
B,Hotel Manager- sees that satisfactory service is rendered, hires and
supervises personnel, adjusts service to meet changing tastes Of the
public, administers business end of a hotel so that it yields a
profit.
qualifications
A.General- executive ability, tact, judgment, patience, ability to
deal with people, knowledge of all departments of a hotel.
B.Educational
1.fligh School education essential.
2.College training in hotel management preferable.
ADVANTAGES
l.The work is interesting- a variety of unprecedented occurences
may arise at any time.
E, It is well paid,
3.It affords an opportunity to meet, and often befriend, contempo¬
rary great-artists, scientists, diplomats, etc.
D1 SAD V rJJTrtG Lis
l.Long hours, seven days a week, of work.
E.Threat of unforeseen accidents, disrupting service and requiring
instant adjustment.
3.Dealing with all types of people, sometimes criminals and the
insane.
4.The risk of losing money due to unfavorable weather, particularly
in resort hotels.
OPPOHTUNlTlLo
A.To Enter
1,Good- the field is not overcrowded.
£.Seasonal jobs may be found, particularly in resort hotels where
. . considerable experience may be gained.
B.To progress- recognized ability will secure:
1,Substantial increase in salary. E. Promotion to the management of
larger hotel or chain of hotels. 3. The chance of going into
business. 4. The chance of qualifying for a high executive
uosition in other fields*
INSURANCE
NATURE OF WORK
A.Insurance is compensation, at a fixed charge, for personal or
property loss.
B.An insurance man is one employed in any single phase of insurance-
underwriting, selling or adjusting,
C.Kinds of insurance
1.Personal- protection against damage to or loss of life or income-
as life, endowment, disability insurance.
2.Property- protection against partial or complete loss of property-
as fire, marine, casualty insurance.
D.Kinds of organizations
1.Stock companies- owned by stockholders; operated for profit.
2.Mutual companies- owned by policyholders; non profit-making;
excess earnings paid to policyholders;in dividends,
3,Industrial Insurance companies- operate for laboring classes on
weekly payment plan- either stock or mutual.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1,Actuary- a technical, finance expert; prepares premium rate
schedules. Salary basis.
2,Insurance salesman- counsels regarding client's insurance needs;
writes policies. Commission basis.
3.Insurance broker- acts as agent for the client buying insurance.
Commission basis.
4,Inspector- Fire and Casualty companies employ inspectors to
examine the condition of property before the risk is -under¬
written by the company. Salary basis.
5.Claim investigator- investigates claims, as in the case of
accident, fire etc., to verify the statement of the insured.
Salary basis.
6.Claim adjustor- attempts to make a reasonable cash settlement,
to eliminate lawsuits. Salary basis.
QUALIFICATIONS'
A.General-Ahonestyypunctuality, sound judgment, agreeable person¬
ality, tact, broad general experience, knowledge of law and
mathematics.
B.Specific
1.Actuary- expert in mathematics, analytical mind, college degree,
including advanced mathematics, economics, finance.
2.Salesman- aptitude for figures, good spell&g ability, energy,
patience, and perseverance.
C.Educational- High School essential, College preferable. General
course background, plus mathematics, economics and special
subjects needed for the particular branch of insurance to be
engaged in.
ADVANTAGES- work stable and financial returns above the ordinary,.
"Live, interesting work. Advancement rapid if successful.
A,Salesman- works largely without direct supervision.
DISADVANTAGES- late hours, hard work and hard study, particularly
in selling,
A.Actuary- very intensive training required.
B.Salesman- much overtime necessary; small income at start. Should
be able to finance self for a time at the beginning.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.TO Enter- a large growing field,
l.Most beginners start as salesman or clerk,
2.One may work up from clerical position into selling or other
branches of insurance.
B.To Progress- Executive positions open in all branches.
1.Salesman may become brokers,
2.Investigators, inspectors and adjustors may work into selling or
actuarial fields.
THE INTERIOR DECORATOR
NATURE OF WORK
A.Interior Decoration is the art of furnishing interiors in such a
manner as to produce the maximum in h: rmony and usefulness*
B.An interior decorator is one who furnishes and decorates a hor.ie
or other interior so that it v/i'll constitute a unified and
beautiful whole.
0.Functions of an interior decorator
1.Advice- plans decorative schemes; suggests types of bric-a-brac
to go well with certain types of furniture; advises as to color
schones, lights, carpets, curtains, etc,
2.Dale- convinces those who open new names of the furnishing most
suited to their needs and temperament and makes sale.
5.Decoration- does actual arrangement of furniture and other home
commodities according to a previously laid plan.
D.Fields of work- antique shops; furniture establishments; department
stores; and firms that specialise solely in interior decoration.
KidDo OF WORKERS
A.A..prentice- frequently works at little or no pay; gets valuable
knowledge of trade while working.
B.Shopper- selects decorative objects, materials, furniture, to
fulfill contract, or equip shop; employed by large decorating firms.
0.Color expert, color!st- expert on fashionable shades in paint,
papers, draperies, etc; advises on tasteful combination of color
in proportion to room space.
I). Interior decorator- head of firm; creates designs for interiors.
L.Consulting decorator- specializes in decorating church, school,
theater or other interiors. Often works on staff of large hotels;
rearranges furniture in suites to suit their oft-changing tenants;
receives either salary, commission on things purchased, or both.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General:- Good taste and refinement; fine sense of color harmony
and designing; cultural background; good business sense; good
judgement and capacity for continuous work.
B,Educational:- High Dchool essential; College preferable; 2 or 3
year course in an art school; knowledge of art, literature and
history; knowledge of all kinds of rugs, draperies, tapestries
and wall decorations; their histories and period they represent;
travel, especially in places where art, literature and history
have made a strong appeal, very valuable.
ADVANTAGED:- Good income for those who establish a reputation;
interesting work- constantly changing spheres of work; scope for
creative work in design.
DISADVANTAGED:- The work is sometimes strenuous; often involves a
multitude of detail; decorators often face competition from un¬
qualified workers in the field, thus suffering loss of money and
prestige; decorators may have to design many plans for prospective
clients for which they receive no pay.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Inter:- It is difficult to gain a foothold in the field;
beginners may start in specialty shops ana fine furniture places;
Interior Decoration schools maintain an employment service,
placing apprentices in the field.
B.To Progress:- Prestige attained by successful decorator; he is
often looked upon as the architect of the hone; chance of going
into business and gaining good financial status; experience gained
in interior decoration valuable in other fields.
INVESTMENT BANKER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Investment banking is the marketing of securities.
B.An investment banker is one who deals in stocks and bonds.
C.Types of securities:
1.Stocks- shares representing part ownership in a corporation,
2,Bonds- promissory notes representing indebtedness by a corporation
to the investor.
D.Types of Investment Banking:
1,Wholesale
(a)Underwriting- (l)lnvestigating originators of issues, i.e.,
corporations, municipalities, state or national governments
which wish to float stock or bond issues; (2) Guaranteeing
distribution of their issues.
(b)Selling- sale of securities to retail dealers and large
investors.
2.Retail- advertising and sale of securities to private investors;
advice to customers.
E.Fields of work
1,Investment bank- bank where stock and bond issues are underwritten.
2.Brokerage firm- Investors' agent in stock market; commissioned to
buy and sell securities.
3.Stock Exchange- controlling agency and clearing house for exchange
of securities.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A, In operation Division:
1.Messenger- takes messages, runs errands.
2.General Clerk- performs clerical duties.
3.Custodian- keeps records of sales, insurance and registered maily
4.Cashier- handles bank accounts; supervises bookkeepers.
, 5.Investment Counsellor- gives advice to security buyers.
B, In selling division:
1,Stock or bond order clerk- enters orders for securities.
2,Salesman- contacts customers and makes sales.
3,Subordinate Executive- supervises sales force.
4.Sales Manager- chief executive; usually senior member of firm.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- good health, honesty, perseverance, business sense and
judgment, perseverance.
B.Educational- High School essential, College preferable, business
course advisable. Courses in Economics, Finance, Business practice
essential.
1,Clerk and Custodian- High School essential.
2.Counselor and Executive posititfris- College essential.
ADVANTAGES- Usually regular hours, affording opportunity to progress
through night study; live, active field; often liberal financial reward,
DISADVANTAGES- Oversupply of applicants in this field; long path to
success; a study shows that only one out of five stay for five years;
less than 5% become highly successful.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter- field overcrowded at present. Beginner usually starts as
messenger or clerk.
B.To Progress
1,Men with high personal and educational qualifications have better
opportunity to get ahead.
2,The ultimate goal in the field of investment banking is to become
a partner at the head of the. business.
3,Clerks and Custodians may progress to business Managers in some
department of firm; salesman to sales manager, etc.
THE JOOkNALIST
NATURE OF VvOKK
A.Journalism is the art of reporting, editing and interpreting current
news.
B.A journalist is the individual regularly engaged in any one phase
of article writing for newspapers or news magazines.
C.Fields of work
1.Newspaper- publishes Local news and important news events from alj.
over the world.
2.News Syndicate- special news bureau, reporting news not covered
by local reporters or correspondents- as associated Press.
3.Magazines- summarize national and foreign news of the week or
month, comment on pertinent public questions, emphasize outstand¬
ing achievements in science, fine arts, sports, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Reporters- cover regular or special assignments; bring, phone or
nail notes to office.
2.Re-write men- fill out the reporter's story in coherent sequence,
ready for publication,
3,Columnists- special feature writers who comment on any subject
of great general interest.
4,Correspondent- dispatches (from abroad or out of town) news of
importance to his newspaper or syndicate.
5.Section editor- head of a department; edits staff articles;
writes section editorials; organizes special page, as women's,
sports, etc.
6.City editor- busy executive directing the worl: of reporters;
organizes end edits iocai and syndicate news.
7.Managing editor- coordinates and supervises departments; carries
out policies of the paper.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Must be healthy, courageous, alert, tactful, keen sense
of graphic analysis, good story teller.
B,Educational- Reporters must have at least a High School education,
preference being given to College graduates, particularly those
trained in a recognized school of journalism. ^Columbia University
New York University, nutgers University, etc.;; higher positions
require vast reading and a broad knowledge of English literature,
■world history, government, politics, economics, etc.
ADVANTAGES
A.Journalism is a profession of great social prestige; holds envi¬
able power to exercise moral, spiritual and material influence
over almost all human affairs; affords the satisfaction of Working
under individual initiative, to be in contact with the live news
of the day, to meet important people; opportunity for intellectual
and literary development and expression,
DISADVANTAGES
A.Irregular working hours; :assignments may be dangerous; financial
remuneration is usually small; work usually done under high
pressure, drain on nervous energy.
OPPORTUNlTlEo
A.To Enter- Field is overcrowded; syndicates, associated press, etc.,
tend to reduce the number of reporters, staff writers, corre¬
spondents and columnists; occasionally, there is an opportunity
in a small city newspaper to start as t. reporter; schools of
journalism, however, endeavor to place their graduates, and a
direct start on a metropolitan daily is not unusual.
B.To Progress- Journalistic experience often leads to other profit¬
able activities, as writing, advertising, publicity, movies, etc.
THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
NATURE OP FORK
A.Landscape architecture is the art of creating, improving or pre¬
serving the scenic natural beauty surrounding human habitations.
B.Landscape architect is ope who designs parks, playgrounds, estates,
etc., and supervises the execution of his plans,
C.FieIds of work
1.Commercial gardening firms- generally owned by landscape gardener
having a nursery; large establishments employ landscape architects,
do bigger jobs; small firms construct lawns and do some free-lance
planting,
2.Private business- usually owned by landscape architect; concerned
with ground beautification of private estates, country clubs,
cemeteries, golf-courses,etc.
3.Government-engages landscape architects to design new park
schemes, construct playgrounds, etc.
KINDS OF "70RKERS
1.Draftsman- makes detailed drawings from designer's rough sketch.
2.Designer- creates designs for planting arrangements, lay-out of
gardens,* parks, estates.
3.Planter- from designs, drawings, made by designer, draftsman
selects planting material best suited to purposes; plans how it
shall be arranged.
4.Specification t/riter-makes detailed list of all plants, garden
furniture, etc., needed to carry out conception of design.
5.Landscape Gardener- does minor landscaping jobs; plants flower
beds, lawns, etc.
6.Landscape Contractor- carries out plans of landscape architect;
works from plans and blueprints prepared for him by the artist.
7.Landscape Architect- prepares contracts; does all work of design¬
ing, and superintending of job*
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General:-Ability to discuss plans intelligently; keen powers of
observation; nature lover and a marked aptitude for the work;
attractive personality; good health,
B.Educational;-High school graduate; two years of college; one-year
of post-graduate study to attain degree of master of landscape
design. Special courses in art and art appreciation.
ADVANTAGES
1.The work is of an artistic nature, offering an opportunity for
self expression.
2.Contacts with persons of wealth and prestige are often made.
3.Income fsdrly good; earnings for reputable landscape architect,
above average.
4.Healthful outdoor occupation.
5,Opportunity to travel.
DISADVANTAGES
l.It is difficult to get a start.
2.The work is seasonal
3,There are times when outdoor work cannot be carried, on and Is apt
to interrupt the income of the worker.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,To Enter
1.Field is overcrowded but successful landscape architect is always
in demand and commands large fees,
2.Beginner may start In the office end of the work, doing drafting
or minor design work.
3.Federal,State or Municipal Governments give appointments to
landscape architects, periodically,
B.To Progress
1.Income increases with the increase in fame of the landscape
architect.
2.He may open his own business or rise to position of prominence
in large established firm.
LAWYER
NATURE OP WORK
A.Lav/ is a prescribed system of rules governing the conduct of
personal, business, and governmental activities.
B.A lawyer is one who interprets these rules to others, who wish to
avoid a violation of law, have committed a violation, or may be the
victims of a violation. Lawyers are commonly called attorneys or
counsellors-at-law.
C.Branches of law
1.Criminal law-offenses against persons.
2.Civil law- offenses against property.
D.Types of practice
1.Private- general practice, on a fee basis.
2.Partnership- division of practice according to special capabilities
on a profit sharing basis.
3.Corporation or government- practicing one phase of law, on a
salary basis.
KINDS OF LAWYERS
A.Trial lawyer- represents client in court, presenting his case.
B.Office lawyer- prepares briefs, advises clients, looks up citations
GfcC •
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- analytical, retentive mind, trained to think clearly and
accurately; ability for careful, painstaking work; judgment; tact,
integrity.
B.Special qualifications
1.Trial lawyer- good appearance, personality, good vocabulary and
diction.
C.Educational qualifications
1.At least two years pre-law study; college degree preferable.
2.Graduation from a certified law school.
3.Passing of State bar examination.
4.One year clerkship in a law office.
5.Certification by the committee on character and fitness.
ADVANTAGES
A.Success brings large rewards.
B.Work is varied and interesting.
C.Opportunity for many contacts.
D.Opportunity for service to the community.
DISADVANTAGES
A.Long period of preparation; remuneration at the beginning very small.
B.Years usually elapse before success is realized, only a small pro¬
portion become successful.
C.Periods of extreme mental strain often incurred.
0 PP OR TUN IT IDS'
A.To Enter
1.The profession is extremely overcrowded, New York City in
particular.
(a) Without contacts, or the ability to make thai; a young lawyer
should associate himself with a reputable firm of attorneys.
B.To Progress
l.Once established^ a lawyer commands large fees.
2.Judgeships, political positions, executive positions in business
open to the successful lav/yer.
THE EIBfiAftlfttt
NATURE OF WORK
A. Li or ari unship is the service which furnishes reading for information,
culture and recreation, either to the general public or to a private
group.
B.A Librarian is one who perforins some ph.se of library operation.
0.Functions of a library
1.To select, purchase, and catalogue books.
2.To loan books to patrons.
3.To stimulate the culture and education of the individual and
the community.
D.Kinds of Libraries
1.Public- serving all members of a community.
2.Private- an individually owned collection or a private library
serving a restricted group.
3.School and College- serving pupil and student groups, for both
education and recreation.
4.Travelling library- rotation of books, placing then at the
disposal of different communities and grou >s.
KINDS OF WOhKLno
a.Desk librarian- meets the public; checks books in ana out; handles
problems dealing with circulation of books.
B.Reference librarian- does research work; handles requests for
information about books.
C.Cataloguer- analyzes and classifies books.
D.Children's librarian- handles book needs of children; often
conducts story hour.
E.Special librarian in charge of branch library, private collection
or library of a business firm.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- keen intelligence, pleasing personality, courteous manner,
pleasant appearance, quick perception, common sense.
B.Specific
1.Desk librarian- ability to contact people; knowledge of filing
and card systems.
2.Reference librarian- thorough literary training; good memory;
general knowledge of books and requirments of the average reader,
3.Cataloguer- ability for careful, painstaking analysis. Special '
knowledge of cataloging systems.
4.Children's librarian- special training in child psychology,
handling of children, md juvenile book needs.
C.Educational- broad, cultural background, thorough literary training.
1.College essential- general course, emphasis on Literature and
languages; knowledge of Science, History, etc.
2.One to three year course in library science essential, including
courses in book selection and evaluation, bibliography and
reference work, cataloging, classification and library adminis¬
tration; practice work.
(a) Some large city libraries offer a six-nine months course,
requiring a College degree or special examination for entrance.
aDVAHTaGLo- interesting and broadening work; cultural contacts;
steady work, on a permanent basis; usually clean work, often offering
considerable variety.
DlSaDVaNTaGLo- not highly paid; promotions slow; much routine work,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- field not overcrowded, library school graduate has good
chance of securing a position,
B.To Progress- advancement slow; very few positions open in outside
fields. Sometimes librarians go into business for themselves,
opening bookstore or entering into independent research.
THE MACHINIST
MATURE OF WORK
A.Machinists' v;ork is work concerned with the perfecting of machine
parts, after they are cast in the foundry; assembling of the parts
that make up machines and the maintenance and repair of machines
in operation.
B.A machinist is a skilled workman vho knows ,11 the fundamentals of
machine trade; knows all types of machines, tools, how to construct,
assemble, repair them.
C.Fields of work
1.Manufacture—machine manufacturers employ machinists to perfect
castings, make parts, and assemble machines.
2.Machine shop—factories, large office buildings, schools, etc.
have machine shops for the purpose of maintenance and repair of
machinery in the building.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Apprentice—makes certain machine parts over and over again, using
limited set of tools; assists machinist, cleans tools, machines,
and familiarizes himself with them.
2.Machine hand--expert in one kind of machine; uses necessary tools
to produce various machine parts.
5.Bench hand—knows where all little metal pieces, nuts, bolts, screw
wire, belong in such machines as typewriters, adding machines,
automobiles, gas or steam engines, etc., puts them together.
4.Machine setter—teaches operators how to run machine for any
specified piece of work; keeps his eye on several machines after
getting work started, orders tools, materials according to require¬
ments of mechanical drawings.
5.Journeyman--ail around machinist; 'knows all types of machines,
tools, how to construct, repair them. Able to read dra ings, take
layouts for work, order materials; familiar with various types of
iron, brass, steel, copper, solder, also stock sizes of washers,
bolts, nuts, screws, etc., general shop knowledge of belts, pulleys
oils, greases; comoutes ratios, speeds, feeds, gears.
qUi-L IFICATI ON 2
A.General—minimum age 16-18 years; requireu to be in good health,
able bodied, deft with hands, good eyesight, ctive and alert; must
be mechanically inclined.
B.Educational—at least 2 years of high school; an industrial high
school course most helpful, knowledge of shop arithmetic and some
applied chemistry and physics; knowledge of mechanical drawing and
some understanding about the metals with which he works.
ADVANTAGES
Highly skilled and interesting work, steady occupation particularly
in the maintenance and repair machine shop. Fairly good income.
DISADVANTAGES
Work done indoors; frequent handling of heavy objects; greasy, noisy
job. Long apprenticeship (about 4 years)
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To enter
1.The best way to enter the field is to secure -_n apprenticeship in
some machine shop.
2.U.S. Navy offers the second best opportunity to learn machinist
trade.
B.To progress
1.All around journeyman generally command a higher rate of pay; may
become foreman.
£.Machinist with a good educational background is likely to rise to
a superintendent's position.
MS OH
NATURE OP WORK
A.UAsonary is the work of building with stone, brick- or concrete
blocks •
B.A mason is one who lays bricks, stones or concrete blocks and
seals them with cement.
C.Functions of a mason
1.Lays bricks and cements them. 2. Plasters walls, ceilings, etc.
3.Builds foundations, chimneys. 4.Does outside stucco work.
D.Kinds of work
1.Stone masonry- the building of foundations, chimneys, etc.
(a) Stone setting- putting concrete blocks in place.
2.Brick laying- building walls out of bricks.
3.Plastering- applying finish to ceiling and walls.
4.Cement finishing- fine finish work on surfaces, stairs, etc-.
5.Tile laying- fine decorative work; great skill required.
KINDS OP 'WORKERS
A.Apprentice- gains experience while he helps either bricklayer,
plasterer or mason.
B.Journeyman- has all around experience as bricklayer, mason or
plasterer; does finer work, builds front walls and adds decorative
finish.
C.Raster- often becomes contractor and assumes responsibility for
an entire building project; gives final surface to cement floors,
baseboards, stair treads; does fine tile laying.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Physical fitness and steady nerves.
2.Ability to get along with other workers.
B.Specific
1.Must be able to handle tools of the trade.
2.Ability to distinguish between the various kinds of bricks,
stones and concrete blocks.
3.Must be able to read blueprints.
4.Sixteen years - minimum age. '
C .Educational
1.A mason should have at least a grammar school education.
2.A course of study in masonry at a vocational school or guidance
on the job.
: 3.Knowledge of mathematics as applied to the trade.
ADVANTAGES
A.Regular hours and good pay.
3.'fork is done, outdoors, hence it is healthful.
C.Masons perform a very important service to mankind; a great deal of
the habitability and safety of our buildings depends upon their skill,
DISADVANTAGES
A.Hard work; lifting of heavy weights.
3.There is some danger, particularly in the construction of high
buildings.
C.Plasterer often has to work on swinging scaffold.
D.The worlf is seasonal.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
l.Due to the present slack in the building industry there is little
chance for a newcomer to get a job.
2.in normal times masons are very much in demand - alert, willing,
youths are sought as apprentices.
B.To Progress
l.A master craftsman may become foreman on a construction job.
2,One has the opportunity to become a contractor.
THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER
NATURE OF WORK
A,Mechanical Engineering is the science of invention, design, con¬
struction, and operation of power-using machinery.
B.Tlie Mechanical Engineer invents, designs, or supervises construction,
installation and operation of machinery.
0.Branches of Mechanical Engineering
1,Research and design- invention, designing, testing and improve¬
ment of machinery and mechanical devices.
2.Construction- manufacture of machinery.
3.Operation- installation of machines and supervision of their
operation.
D.Fields of work
1.Power plants- using machines powered by steam, gas or oil.
2,Industrial plants- supervision of mill and factory machines.
3,Transportation- supervision of shops and rolling stock for steam
and electric railroads.
4.New fields- recently created, and showing fine possibilities for
the future, are the fields of heat control, air conditioning,
refrigeration, aeronautical engineering.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Field of designing
1,Designing Engineer- designs new machines and improves old ones,
(a)Draftsman- makes detailed drawings of machine.
1.Tracer- copies drawings of machine parts.
2,Research Engineer- tests and improves machinery.
B.Industrial field
1,Industrial Engineer- supervises installation and operation of
machinery. Works out scientific control of production.
2.Sales Engineer- applies his technical knowledge to the selling of
locomotives, oil burners, machines, mechanical devices, etc.
3,Consulting Engineer-advises upon projects which clients bring to hie
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Mechanical curiosity, ingenuity in invention and construc¬
tion. Good judgment, analytical mind and liking for details.
Patience and perseverance to solve difficult problems. Resource¬
fulness and adaptibiiity. Proficient in Mathematics and Lnglish,
B.Educational
1.Four years High ochool, liberal course preferable. Mechanical
Drawing, Physics, thorough training in Mathematics.
2,Four to six years of College work. Spanish, French or German,
financial and commercial Economics, Law and Political ocience
included, plus the necessary technical subjects and shop work,
C.Specific
1.Design Engineer- Must be able to visualize uses of a machine and
plan accordingly.
2.Industrial Lngineer- Must have knowledge of business.
5.Sales Engineer- Selling ability; knowledge of sales organizations.
ADVANTAGES- Opportunity to express creative instinct; work of mechani¬
cal engineer respected; generally ell paid profession; usually
steady work.
DISADVANTAGES- Exacting work; opportunities of opening own business
are small; competition keen.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- The graduate may procure positions in a factory as a
tracer or draftsman, or apprentice in a machine shop; engineer sales¬
man, selling a variety of products such as: Oil burners, turbines,
locomotives, etc., is one of the most remunerative fields in the
profession.
B.To Progress- A growing field- many opportunities in new branches,
l.ln various factories a very capable man may rise from a tracer or'
junior draftsman to designing draftsman, research man, and
eventually to an executive post.
MUSIC aS A CARBEK
NATURE OF WORK
A.Music is the creative expression of thought and emotion by means of
vocal or instrumental sound effects.
B.Musician- one skilled in the art of nusicj one who sings, or plays
on a musical instrument.
C.Fields of music
1.Concert stage- where recitals by individual choral or orchestral
groups are given.
2.Opera- plays in musical form.
3.Radio- professional wmrk with independent or chain station.
4.Band or dance orchestra- collective performance of musical
orchestration,
5.Teaching- the teaching of music, either instrumental or vocal.
6.Composing- creation or writing of music.
D.Types of music
1.Classical- music written according to the standard of the old
masters.
2.Modern- Jazz and popular song music.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Members of chorus or orchestra- recitals by individual or choral
groups.
2.Soloist (vocal or instrumental)- individual performer.
3.Conductor- one who leads an orchestra.
4.Inpressario- manager of opera and director of programs.
5.Composer- one who writes music, independently or under salary.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Talent in some particular branchj pleasant appearance,
good health, good personality, strength >f character, perseverance.
B.Educational
f l.High school graduation desirable.
2.Musical education in C »nservatory of Music preferable.
a.Courses in harmony, music appreciation, composition, history of
music, etc.
b.College education preferable for c ncert or operatic career.
ADVANTAGES
1.Offers inspiring comradeship.
2.Incentive to win a place for one's self.
3,Opportunity for self-expression.
4.Independence of work.
5.Good income in normal times, for successful artist.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Strenuous work, long period of preparation.
2.Irregular hours, often necessitating much travel.
3.Seasonal work, unless under contract or on salaried basis with
successful group,
4.Fear that careers may be short lived because of possible injury
to voice or hands.
5.Exactions required in public performances; public often fickle.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Field overcrowded at present.
2.During normal tines musicians are in demand.
3.Opportunity to enter fields of entertainment: radio, theatres,
vaudeville, movies, etc.
B.To Progress
l.Opp^rtunity for talented singer or player to progress in field of
concerts, stage and opera. Opportunity to open own studio.
2.Increase in income when successful.
3.Opportunity to become famous.
THE NURSE
NATURE OF WORK
A.Nursing is the science of proper care of the sick.
B.A nurse is one who cares for the sick, usually under the direction
of a physician.
C.Fields of work
1.Private nursing in a private home on an hourly or daily basis}
also giving private care to an invalid in a sanatorium.
2.Public--caring for the sick in hospitals, welfare homes, children's
nurseries, etc.
3.Industrial--nurse employed in industrial firm for emergency treat-
KINDS OF NURSES s ment.
A.Practical unlicensed nurse who has acquired some practical know¬
ledge in the care of the sick.
B.Trained attendant (T.A.) licensed by state: trained to be proficient
as assistant to physician; skilled in such matters as bandaging and;
dressing wounds, taking temperature, etc.
C.Registered nurse (K.N.J graduate nurse; usually specializes in the ,
treatment of one typ« §>f disease, highly skilled, assists surgeon
at operations, gives anaesthetics, is capable of giving medical aid
on her own responsibility in an emergency.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General; good health, vitality, alert mind; good disposition and
even temper; willingness to assume responsibility.
B.Educational
1.Practical nurse should have a high school education.
2.Trained attendant must be high school graduate; must cattend
nurses' training school for at least 9 months; must have 6 months
practical experience.
3.Registered nurse—a college training preferred; two years course
in recognized nurses' training school.
4. To obtain a. license from the State a nurse must pass State
examination and meet age and citizenship requirements.
5.Graduates from recognized nurses' training schools may be licensed
or registered without passing State examinations.
a. Nursing schools usually require a certificate of health; some
schools give an annual health examination to students.
b. Nursing schools generally prefer applicants to be no younger
than twenty-one.
ADVANTAGES
A.Training course requires only small financial outlay.
B.Women will find the profession open almost exclusively to them.
C.The nurse renders a most valuable service to humanity.
DISADVANTAGES
A.A nurse must be on duty whenever her services are required. ;
B.Works under constant physical strain requiring her to keep physically
fit at all times. 11
C.Must maintain composure in the face of a crisis.
D.Private nurses must often work long hours.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter
l.The field is at present overcrowded
2.Only the most qualified nurse will attain any success, which
will depend on the reputation she can build for herself.
B.To progress
1.Qualified and experienced nurses may be promoted to head nurse
in hospital or institution. 2. A better salary awaits the nurse
who gains a good reputation. 5. Promotion to teacher in a nursing
school may be gained by the successful nurse.
THE OFFICE CLERK
NATURE OF WORK
A.An office clerk is one who, under supervision, has charge of
routine details of office work and the care of specified office
<3
KINDS OF WOnKERS
1,General Clerk- Does varied and unspecialized work, giving
assistance in general clerical duties.
L.Filing Clerk- Keeps on file, for ready reference, letters,
vouchers, reports, notes, etc.
5.Time clerk- Records time spent "on the job", computes wages,
makes up payroll.
4.Receiving Clerk- Has charge of receiving and checking incoming
goods.
5..Shipping Clerk- Has charge of checking, routing and shipping
outgoing goods.
6,otock Clerk- Keeps record of company's stock supply, delivers
requisitioned stock.
7.Mail Clerk- Usually handles all incoming and outgoing mail,
6.Payroll Clerk- assists in preparing the payroll.
QO j -L1F1 CAT 1 ON h
A.General- Eighteen years preferable at start. Honest and dependable,
accurate and punctual. Initiative. Good eyesight.
B.Special
1.General Clerk- Good memory, ability to do different kinds of
work, good appearance.
1.Filing Clerk- Penmanship, English, Typing, knowledge of filing.
Girls and women preferred. Able to stand on feet and endure
monotony of work.
3.Time Clerk- Mature, with previous experience, ability to
handle people. Head for detail work and figures. Penmanship
essential.
4.Receiving Clerk- Knowledge of general office procedure. Men
preferred. Good physical condition.
5.Shipping Clerk- Familiarity with sales checks and packing.
Knowledge of geography, transportation and routes. Legible
handwriting. Proficient in mathematics. Men preferred*
Energetic and strong.
6.Stock Clerk- Knowledge of shop operations and stock problems.
7.Mail and Payroll Cl^rk- Liking for arithmetic and able to do
routine work.
ADVANTAGES
A.Working conditions clean and pleasant. Usually steady work,
regular hours.
DlSfiDVn.NTfi.GED
A.In factory offices work may run to J or 1J hours per day,
B.Work routine, perhaps monotonous.
C.Pay usually small.
OPPORTUNITIES
a.To Enter
1.Clerical workers are found in every kind of business establish¬
ment. Employed in manufacturing, real estate, legal, banking,
department offices; city, county, state and federal offices, etc.
l.New fields opening constantly.
B.To Progress
1.Ambitious clerks have opportunity to promote themselves or branch
out to higher positions by dint of efficiency and further
education.
(a)Stock Clerk or Receiving Clerk may work up to a buyer or
purchasing agent; shipping clerk to traffic manager. Time
clerks to manager of accounting department, etc.
THE OFFICE MACHINE OPERATOR
NATURE OF 'WORK
A.Office machine operation- is the performance of clerical duties by
means of machines.
B.An office machine operator- is one who operates one or more office
machines.
C.Functions of the machine operator- include:
1,Caring for the machine- making adjustments, cleaning it, oiling
it, etc.
2.Doing other office or clerical work.
KINDS OF WOhKLho
A.Tabulating machine operator- controls an electrically operated
machine that sorts ana assembles cards according to any classifi¬
cation.
B.Billing machine operator- works in shipping or sales department;
prepares bills that go with shipped goods.
C,Duplicating machine operator- operates multigraph, mimeograph,
hectograph or other machine reproducing copies of an original form,
D,Calculating machine operator- operates machine that adds, subtract^,
multiplies and divides; checks or figures bills, payrolls, profit
and loss statements, discount and interest, etc.
E.Bookkeeping machine operator- works under supervision of head book¬
keeper, makes entries, takes trial balances, prepares statements
and loes general bookkeeping work.
F,Operators may also be called on to operate addressograph, check-
writer, dictaphone ana many other office machines.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Applicant must be at least 18 years of age.
2.Neat and accurate.
5,Honest and trustworthy.
4.Able to acquire the knack of handling an office machine efficient¬
ly.
B,Educational
1.Junior High School or its equivalent essential.
2.Special course in office machine operation.
(a)Specialised training in at least one make of major office
machine.
3.Knowledge of bookkeeping, business, arithmetic, typing, etc., is
helpful.
ADVANTAGES
1. St eudy emp 1 oyment.
2.The work is usually done in clean and well-lighted offices.
3.It is easy to learn how to operate most office machines, hence,
in a short time, one may become a specialized operator of a
variety of office machines.
DISADVANTAGES
1.The pay is not high.
2.The work is confining, affording littae chance for mobility or
exercise.
3.The work is of a routine nature and has much sameness about it.
OPPORTUNITIES '
A#To ©ntor *
*1,Good office machine operators are always in demand.
2,Those who can operate several makes of machines, as the Elliott
Fisher or Remington Rand and others have a better chance of
finding job.
B.To Progress:
1,There ...s no chance for advancement in this field itself, except
posoib^y to head a group of office raaca..-ne operators.
2,One may, towever, with sufficient stuay and ^ptitude be promoted
t<-> some atuer branch of a large firm.
OPTOIIETPiIST AITD OPTICIAN
NATURE -OP WOSt n
A.1.Optometry is the science of correcting defective vision by means of
eye-glasses.
2.Opticians' work concerns itself solely with the making of glasses,
B.Functions of Optometrist
1.Pleasures eyesight by mechanical means:-visual acuity charts,
opthalmoscope, opthalmonometer, phoroptometer, retinascope and
other precision instruments.
2.Examines eyes with lenses ground to various powers.
3.Fits eyes with glasses, framed in most practical way for visual
comfort and efficiency.
4.Writes prescription, specifying manner and extent to which lens
should be ground.
5.Sometimes does work of optician by making glasses, including all
operations.
6.Administers corrective exercises in cases where correction or cure
can he thus obtained- cross-eyes, etc.
7.Refers patient to oculist, (physician specializing in eye diseases
where eye ailments cannot be corrected by glasses.
C.Functions of Optician
1.Grinds lenses to proper degree of concavity or 'convexity, dependent
upon optometrist's specifications,
2.Mounts, fits and adjusts lenses on appropriate frame, optician
is forbidden by law to examine eyes or to prescribe glasses.
HINDS OF './ORKhp
A.Optometrist- tests vision of clients and prescribes glasses.
B.Optician- grinds glasses and mounts them on frame.
1.Apprentice- aid to optician, learns trade.
QU ALII1' IC AT I OilS
A.General
1.Manual dexterity and mechanical skill.
2•Mathematical ability.
3.Painstaking thoroughness and accuracy.
4.engaging personality.
-5.Selling and all-around business ability.
6..Scientific inclinations.
B.Educational
1.For Optometrist;- High School; four year course at a recognized
college of optometry, leading to degrees, Bachelor of Science and
Graduate Optometrist. Required subjects are; Mathematics, Physics,
General Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry and Pathology, Passing of
state examination for license.
2.For Optician;-High School education; thorough apprenticeship
with optician.
ADVANTAGES
1.Independence. Optometrist or optician generally runs own office.
2.Earnings generally high; work of great social importance.
DISADVANTAGES
1. High cost of equipping office. 2. Work confining.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Profession of optometry uncrowded; graduate may start as assistant
to established optometrist.
2.Optician may start as apprentice; salaries for qualified beginner,
fair.
R.To Progress
1.Setting-up of own office.
2.Teaching in accredited university possible for well-equipped
optometrist with pedagogical ability.
3.Position on various State Boards of Optometry occasionally open
to leaders in the profession. x
THE OSTEOPATH
NATURE OP WORK
.A.Osteopathy is a system of remedy and cure of human diseases by
means of proper adjustment of the bony frame of the body, par¬
ticularly the joints of the spinal column.
3.The osteopath works primarily -with the bones, muscles, nerves of
the body and through treatments such as massages, use of braces,
exercises, etc., endeavors to put the body in good working condition.
C .Fields of work
1.Private practice- practice in osteopath's own office.
2.Sanitaria- practice in special osteopathic clinics.
3.Teaching- teaching osteopathy in colleges.
KINDS OB- WORKJIS
A.General practitioner- treats mostly chronic cases; in any case his
treatrrmno consists of body adjustment; it is unlawful for him to
administer drugs or medicine or perform surgery.
B.Specialist- may specialize in muscle-reeducation, gynecology, eye-
ear - nose - and - tha*oat work, mental and nervous diseases, or
orthopedics (corrections of bodily deformities).
C.Osteopathic surgeon- performs surgical operations, but only in
connection with osteopathic treatment and may administer only such
drugs or medicines as are necessary in surgery.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Good health, tolerant, sympathetic character and ability
to win confidence of pabients. Scientific mind, manual dexterity,
and good sense of touch.
3.Educational
1.High School gradual? with emphasis on Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
English, Latin, Trigonometry and solid Geometry. Accounting,
Business Principles, Psychology and Sociology useful.
2.Two years of college work in Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
Pathology, Bacteriology and English required in order to enter
a School of Osteopathy.
3.Completion of four year course at one of the recognized schools
of osteopathy.
4.Passing of a State Board Examination for license to practice,
C.Specific- Osteopathic surgeon in addition, requires two years of
general practice and two years of post-graduate study to obtain
license.
ADVANTAGES-1.The status of osteopathy in public opinion and law has
steadily improved. 2.Work is absorbing as each case presents a
different set of problems. 3.Fairly good income for the qualified
osteopath. 4.Comparatively new profession and therefore new recruits
are welcome, their work bain, needed and appreciated.
DISADVANTAGES-1.Osteopathy meets the prejudice of physicians of
other schools of thought, and of the general public. 2.The strain
of long hours caring for patients and demands on nervous energy. 3.
Initial expense of equippin office. 4.The young practitioner
generally becomes established after 5 years.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter ,
1.Every osteopathic college is affiliated with an osteopathic
hospital where students may obtain clinical instruction and an
internship after graduation. 2.Open own practice or share
practice with others. 3.Women will find a good field in obstetrics,
and in diseases of women and children.
3.To progress
1.The profession is young and many problems remain to be solved.
2.General practitioner may become a specialist.
PAINTER
NATURE OP WORK
A.Painting is the process of applying paint or varnish to wood or
metal surfaces,
B.A painter is one who is skillful in the preparation, use and
application of paints.
C.Functions of painting:
1.Deeoration- to improve the appearance of structures or objects.
2.Preservation- to increase the durability of wood or metal.
D.Painting is used:
l.In the redecorating and cleaning of homes.
2.On the exteriors of buildings, and bridges.
3.In subways, railroads and other transit firms.
4.In ships and docks.
5.On fences, gates, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Apprentice- learns the trade by acting as a helper to a journeyman
painterj prepares ladders or scaffolding, cleans brushes and
does simple painting.
B.Journeyman painter- has served his apprenticeship and is qualified
to do general painting work; mixes paints, matches colors, preparep
surface before painting, either by priming, puttying or plastering,
and paints it.
C.Master painter- supervises work, makes contracts and purchases
paints; is thoroughly acquainted with every phase of painting.
D.Decorator- highly skilled; does fine ornamental work.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
l.Good health and physical fitness.
2.16 years, minimum age.
3.Sound nerves and agility - it being necessary to climb ladders
and work on scaffolds.
4.Master painter or decorator should have:
(a) ability to match, mix and originate colors.
(b) ability to estimate jobs as to their duration and expense.
B.Educational-
l.No specific education required.
2.It is advisable to take course in vocational school.
3.Knowledge of Mathematics, Chemistry and Designing helpful.
ADVANTAGES
A.Good pay.
B.ln normal times painters are employed all the year round.
DISADVANTAGES
A.'Injurious to health, paints containing poisons.
B.There is danger of falling from scaffolds or ladders,
C.The work is dirty.
D.Cne must often work outdoors in inclement weather.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.T^ Enter
1.The field at present is very crowded.
2.A revival in building usually creates a demand for painters.
B.To Progress
1.With proper qualifications one may become a contractor.
2.Unusually skilled, painter may be in a position to demand and
receive higher than prevailing rate of pay,
3.Opportunity to go in business for self as contractor.
PATTERNMAKER
NATURE OP WORK
A.Patternmaking Is the craft of constructing wood or metal forms,
according to spocifications;those forma arc used In the making
of molds "by moans of which metal castings arc created.
B.A patternmaker is one who makes the wood or metal models for the
many cast parts that arc found in locomotives, gas and steam
engines, turbines, motors, generators and other machines.
C.Functions
1.Studios designer's drawings to determine how pattern is to be
constructed,
2.Makes layout, preparing pattern to rough dimensions.
3.Assembles the parts using glue, screws and nails.
4.Works it down with hand or machine tools to the very accurate
dimensions called for on the blue print and shellacs it.
D.FieIds of work
1.Foundries- where iron castings are made.
2.Commercial patternmaking shops- shops that specialize In the
making of patterns for the metal trade.
3.Plants that combine foundry work with the production of machines.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Patternmaker's helper- assists in the construction of patterns.
B.Wood patternmaker- highly skilled worker; makes originals of metal
molds; first to give shape to designers creation; expert on woods
and in the handling of bench, woodworking and turning tools.
C.Metal patternmaker- chips, files, drills, solders and planes metal
into a desired model; oven more precise in his measurements than
the wood patternmaker.
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General
1.Learner must bo at least 16 years old.
2.Robust physique, as much of work requires continuous standing at
bench or machine.
3.Mechanical ability, resourcefulness, accuracy and carefulness.
B.Educational
1.Common school education essential; High School strongly,
recommended.
2.Ability to read blue prints and draftsmons' drawings.
3.Understanding of the elements of mechanical drawing.
4.Knowledge of practical shop mathematics.
5.Knowledge of the various kinds of wood and the properties of
various motals.
ADVANTAGES
A.One of the highest ranking of the metal trades.
B.Good pay; regular hours of work.
C.Interesting occupation calling for the use of ingenuity and thought,
DISADVANTAGES
A.Use of high speed machinery and edged hand tools causes some
accidents at times.
B.Thc work is sometimes strenuous.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Beginner must bocomo on apprentice and spond four yo ars In
'training.
2.Small labor turnover, consequently only most capable may secure
employment.
B.To Progress
1.Workers general^ remain journo27men patternmakers for many years,
2.The promotional steps are apprentice, journeyman, assistant fore¬
man, foreman.
THE ..PERSONNEL WORKER
NATOHE OF WORK
A.Personnel work is the administration of the human element in
business and industry.
B.A personnel worker is the trained person who handles problems
concofnitif'working: groups and Individuals.
Q,Functions of personnel v;urk:
1.Proper selection, training and placing of employees, adjustment'
of all problems concerning relation of workers to each other and
to the job.
*2.Social service in industry- health, recreation of workers; adjust¬
ment of individual problems, as sickness, accident.
D.Fields of work
1.Employment- agency- interviews and cicssifies job applicants;
sends.selected applicants to employer for final Choice,
.(a)State and city agencies- non-profit making; serve all job
seekers and employers. 1
(b;Private Agency- a service exchange- brings jobs and jobseekcrs
together, charging a fee to applicant,
8•-Personnel Department- special department set up in large firms;
performs all functions of personnel for that concern..
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Employment Manager- interviews and selects applicants,
B.Director of Training- supervises instruction of new workers.
C.Safety Supervisor- sees that legal safety codes are observed;
handles accident cases; educates employees in proper working
methods and use of safety devices.
D.Workmen's Compensation adjuster- contacts injured find sick employees
assists State in adjustment of compensation to be paid.
E.Service worker (usua3il^:.oW^nh^d>g4vesAkjounsel and aid in employee
Ni-lb!welfare" cases; supervises employee recreational activities.
Personnel Director-' supervises all personnel activities/ i •
QUALIFICATIONS-. •a.General- pleasant personality; knowledge of
psychology- ability to handle people; interest'in .and knowledge of
Wtb'iiwffiifi' af - ijfcj^a-yMMhiAaJLiiaiig e*i enc e.
B. Specific ')*
ability >^to judge people.-,. .-a • kmv\ ■: rT ^
A.Director-of Training- teaching ability; knowledge of tests.
3. Safety Supervisor-know ledge of safety codes and devices.- -A-ju->/-
4.Workmen's-^■Compensation Adjuster- knowledge of compensation laws;
tact in handling people.
5.-Service Worker- knowledgeoof individual welfare problems'"and
their .solutions; ability to direct group activitiespa*
6.Personnel Director-^unusual personal assets and experience.
C,Educational- .College essential; broad, general preparation,
including'courses in Economics, Labor Problems, Social-Legislation,
Sociology,! Industrial hiistory and Practices, Psychology. Special
courses in the technique's 'of Personnel Work.A. :-p in imp;- ■ .la ;.-.
ADVANTAGES- clean, steady, interesting work; fairly 4well paid;
regular hours-;-considerable variety in activities.
• DISADVANTAGES-rt>f ten requires'entering in-'work other • than personnel,
since one must know the operation and needs of the individual concern,
:GPPQRTUNITJE3- A.SJoEnter- 'a growing field, expanding in recognition
and importance/ i.Beginner usually enters *through some routine
position which will familiarize him with the system and personnel of
i'thc concern. (a)Many. positions open to woiaen,"« particularly in social'
service phases of personnel.ivork.B,To Progress- Promotions ordinarily
slow; many opportunities-open - to trained .personnel worker in .other
fields', as social service, -welfare .work, industrial research/ etc.
THET PHARMACIST
NATURE OF WORK
A*Pharmacy is the scientific service rendered the public in safe¬
guarding the handling, compounding, sale, and dispensing of
medical substances.
B.The pharmacist is one qualified in the science of preparing and
dispensing medicine.
C.Fields of work
l.Drug or chain drug stores and wholesale drug houses.
g.Purely prescriptive pharmacy
3.Laboratories ana sales department of manufacturers of drugs or
medicines.
4.Federal Government
(a)Pharrnacist in hospitals, dispensaries and other institutions.
(b)Food and drug inspector.
KINDb OF WORK
A.Pharmacist- Compounds and dispenses medicines based upon the
prescriptions of physicians, dentists, etc. Maintains the st^ck of
drugs, chemicals, etc. Files prescriptions.
B.Special Fields
1.Drug or medicinal manufacturing houses.
(a)Pharmaceutical Botanist- Identifies different herbs, and
prepares them for compounds, ..
(b)Phurmacognocist- Analyzes crude drugs under the miscroscope
and determines their purity, genuineness itnd poteaacy.
(c)Pharmaceuticul Chemist- Investigates the medicinal action of
various drugs on the animal system.
2.Food and Drug Inspector- Enforces the fobd, drug and insecticide
laws. > -
QUALIFICATIONS " '
A. General
1.Aptitude for science and allied, subjects.
2.Conscientious, patient, law abiding, and intelligent.
3.Exceedingly accurate and orderly.
4.Pleasing personality and ability for salesmanship.
5.Business ability.
B.Educational
1.fligh bchool graduate with full.course in. science.
2.after oeptember 1J37 the minimum course for a pharmacist license
shall be four years.
3.Must have two years of practical experience as a registered
pharmacist's assistant.
4.Pass btute Board Examination.
C.Specific
1.Pharmaceutical Botanist- Must be a graduate pharmacist who has
specialized in the study of medicinal herbs.
2.The Pharmaceutical Chemist- Thorough training in pharmacy,
physiology, and chemistry.
3.Food and Drug Inspector- College graduate v/ith major work in
science, preferably chemistry or bacteriology.
ADVaNTaGEd
l.The pharmacist is respected as a man of-superior intelligence and
authority in his particular line,
2.Skilled work of an interesting and gratifying nature.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Hours of work in arug stores are much longer than in most pro¬
fessions. 2, During the two year apprenticeship salaries are low,
3.Competition is keen in the drug store field.4.Work requires infi¬
nite patience and long years of work to advance.
OPPORTUNITIES- 1, To Enter- Graduate pharmacists may enter field as
clerk in retail pharmacy or chemist's assistant in field of reseai
2. To Progress- Opportunity to own one's own shop.
PHOTOENGRAVING AND LITHOGRAPHY
NATURE OP VCORK
A.Photoengraving and Lithography is the art of reproducing illustra¬
tions in printed form, either in color or black and white.
3.Kinds of work
1.Art department in photoengraving- art 'designing, retouching,
fashion art, and illustrations in black and white drawings.
2.Art department in lithographing- special detail work, where a
combination of colors is required, such as in banknotes, labels,
magazine covers, posters, letterheads, checks, etc.
-KIND OP WORKERS- Operating department
1.Operator (or photographer)- adjusts arc lights, lens, places
color filters, takes negative of drawing and develops it.
2.stripper- toughens film with several solutions, strips it off
the plate, reverses it, and places it in a glass, plate.
3.Printer-proceeds to print the image on metal - either zinc or
copper - to make a printing plate out of it.
4.Tint layer or "Ben Day" artist- puts shadings, patterns, on certain
parts of the plate and then passes it to the etcher.
5.Etcher coats metal plate with resinous powder, puts it in an
acid bath, and watches "eating process" until plate is at print¬
ing depth, then removes it.
6.Router Blocker- cuts off'portions of metal not needed, mounts
plate on block <-f wood, trims and squares the edges of the block.
7.Finisher-repairs broken dots, corrects .defects, brings out
light or dark portions of the plate.
8.Proofer-prints a copy to see if plate is perfect before sending
it to the press room.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Must be over sixteen years of age; good health; good eye¬
sight; perfect use of both hands; must not be nervous; should have a
liking for the work; great patience.
B.Educational- Beginners are required to have at least two years of
high school, preference being given to high school graduates;
definite technical training asked of those who wish to be artists
or engravers, which can be acquired while working on the job.
ADVANTAGES
Work is steady all year round; not particularly hard work; good pay;
opportunity to learn highest paid jobs of the trade. No
dangers - machinery well-guarded.
DISADVANTAGES
Considerable strain on the eyes; work is done indoors; in shops
not well ventilated one breathes acid fumes; work is exacting.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- There are hundreds of lithographic and photoengraving
• establishments; one may secure an apprenticeship; may start as a
, delivery boy, as a plate cleaner, or as a helper cleaning machinery.
B.To Progress- Promotions may be had by paying much attention to the
particular trade most appealing to the beginner; by going part-
time to a trade school; by attending evening classes in full-time
trade school; by taking courses in extension divisions of the
Universities where such courses are offered at small cost.
Promotions are, in the majority, in the form of wage increases;
there are als© some openings for workers who are above the average
to become foremen, superintendents, or go into own business.
THE PHOTOGRAPHER
NATURE OP WORK
A.Photography is the art of producing pictures by a process which
includes: 1.Filming- exposing certain chemically sensitized
materials (films) to light, by means of a camera; 2.Developing,-
turning films into negatives; 5.Printing- printing photographs by
the use of negatives as a base*
B.A photographer is one who operates a camera, photographs, develops
and prints pictures.
C.Fields of work
1.Portraiture- neighborhood photographers; take'pictures of persons;
do commercial photography to a limited extent.
2.Commercial Photography- taking photographs of buildings, machinery,
or merchandise, to be used in advertising, engineering, etc.
3.Newspaper Photography- photographic reporting; pictorial illus¬
tration of news; large field requiring high degree of skill.
4.Applied Photography- highly specialized fields using photography
in connection with science, industry and the arts.
(a)Photostat- making photographic copies of documents, books, etc#
(b)Aerial Photography and Photographic Survey- used for military
purposes and commercial surveying.
(c)Photomiorography- application of photography to microscopy,"
to determine densities of metals, bacteria, explosives, etc.
(d)Radiography- X-ray; used in medicine, dentistry, etc.
D.Fields Allied to Photography
l.Motion Pictures- the filming of people or things in action.
2*Color Photography- the production of pictures in color.
3.Photo Finishing- developing and printing service; mostly dark
room work not requiring skill in photography.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Operator- takes picture, whether it be of a person, landscape, etc.
Decides all technical questions with referenco to the camera.
B.Developer and Printer- l.Dark room worker- develops both the
negative and positive, e.g., fixing, washing and drying. 2.Retoucher-
takes out imperfections in the negative. 3.Finisher- drys and mounts
prints. In small 3tudios all work is done by one person.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Accuracy, carefulness, memory for detail, willingness t»
learn, and above all artistic sense.
B.Educational- Elementary School sufficient for simple developing
and printing work. High School and some College training advisable
for camera man and studio owner, with emphasis on general science *
and chemistry. A course in a first class art and photography school
will be an asset. An apprenticeship at a studio.
C.Specific- l.Portraiture- must be both a finished craftsman and a
trained business man. 2,Commercial Photography- high order of
technical skill and knowledge of advertising.
ADVANTAGES- Photography is a means of artistic expression; work is
interesting; successful photographers have good income.
DISADVANTAGES- The field of portraiture is overcrowded; competition
is keen in the commercial field. Many workers perform routine duties
at small pay; possible injury to eyes of dark room workers.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Apprenticeships are to be found in the various fields#
Federal, State and City Governments employ photographers; Civil
Service Examinations are given periodically. Opportunities in large
studios, hospitals X-ray departments, in art museums and libraries,
making educational photographs.
B.To Progress- The various branches of applied photography are growing
rapidly. Highly artistic photographers may become widely known and
have unusually high income.
THE PHYSICIAN
NATURE OF WORK '
A.Medicine is the science of human diseases.
B. A Physician is one who practices medicine.
C. Functions of the Physician
1.Prevention- the maintenance of health.
2.Treatment- prescribing medicine or performing surgery for
the alleviation of disease.
3.Cure- elimination of the causes for a disease.
D. Fields of Work
1.Practice
(a)Pathological or internal medicine- general practice on a
fee basis.
(b)Hospital or group clinic- work in hospitals or dispensa¬
ries on a salary basis.
(c)Industrial medicine- salaried work in clinics of large
industrial and business firms.
2.Research
a)Experimental laboratory work.
b)Preventive medicine- public health education.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.General practitioner- neighborhood doctor; called upon to treat
all types of diseases; seeks aid of specialist in serious cases.
B.Specialist
1.Surgeon- performs operations.
2.Obstetrician- employed in cases of childbirth.
3.Pediatrician- treats diseases of children.
4.Neurologist- treats disorders of the nervous system.
5.Psychiatrist- treats disorders of feeling, thought and behavio
6.Orthopedist- treats disorders of the bones, joints and tendons
7.Dermatologist- treats skin diseases.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Good health and steady nerves.
2.Good memory, keen powers of observation and faculty to reason
things out for oneself.
3.Imperturbability- calmness in the face of a crisis.
4.Cheerful and cordial disposition; buoyant spirit.
5.Love for the work and the desire to keep abreast of the new
literature and discoveries made in the field.
B.Educational- at least a two years pre-medical course in college;
graduation from medical school; at least one year as interne ih '
a hospital.
C.Specific- Specialist should take post graduate courses in medica
school and serve a longer period as interne, should have several
years experience. Physicians may become specialists as the
outgrowth of general practice.
ADVANTAGES
A.Medicine is probably the most important and useful of all
professions.
B.A physician is one of the most respected members of the communit
C.Th'e field affords great opportunities for investigation and
experiment.
D.Successful physicians have high incomes.
DISADVANTAGES
l.A physician must work long hours and may be called at any time
during the night and during his rest days. 2. It takes many
years of study, a great deal of money and additional years of
hardship in building up a clientele before a physician may gaj
succes s.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- The field is overcrowded. 1. Only the most capable ha^
any chance to succeed.
B.To Progress- There are many opportunities in the fields of
research. §pecializat.i nn .
THE PLUMBER
NAT'J RE OF 'WORK
A.Plumbing is the work of fitting tanks, ..apes, etc., for water, gas,
and sewage systems.
B.a plumber is one who is engaged in the installation or repair of
plumbing systems and equipment.
C.Kinds of plumbing
1,Installation- the laying out and testing of now plumbing.
2,Repair- the replacing and adjusting of old plumbing.
D.Functions of a plumber:
1,To install piping for bathroom, culinary equipment and interior
drainage.
2,To lay lines of pipes for water and sewage systems.
3,To connect fixtures such as sinks, tanks, showers, etc.
4,To repair pipe leakage and other pipe defects.
5,Steam fitting (including covering of pipes with asbestos and gas
fitting).
KINDS OF WOhKERb
A.Apprentice- learns the trade as general helper to a plumber; carries
tools, cuts pipe, makes minor fittings.
B.Journeyman plumber- one who has served his apprenticeship and is
qualified by experience to plan and perform general plumbing work#
C.Master plumber- licensed by the state; plans and supervises all
phases of plumbing; contracts jobs,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Should be 16 years of age.
2,Good health, strength and endurance.
3,Mechanical or even inventive mind.
4.Should be handy with tools.
5,Aptitude for figures and drawing.
6,Industrious and mentally alert.
B,Educational
l.at least grammar school graduation.
K.#fligh School course preferable.
3#Knowledge of mathematics, science, mechanical drawing.
4#Should be able to read blueprints.
aDVANT xxGEu
A#Normally high rate of pay.
B.Except for emergency repair eork, the hours are regular.
C.Employment is fairly regular and continuous.
DlSx.bVx.NT-.GLo
A.Work is frequently done in unpleasant places, such as cellars,
underground, etc.
B.The job is always dirty.
C.The plumber must often work under unsanitary conditions, coming
in contact with dampness, gaseous atmosphere, infectious air,
D.The work is hard; it is often necessary to lift heavy loads.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1,at present the field is very crowded.
2,One must gain considerable knowledge about plumbing before he
can get a job.
3.Plumbing is largely dependent on the building industry; when the
latter booms, plumbers are in demand,
B.To Progress
1,There is the opportunity of becoming a contractor.
2,Chance to enter the field of merchandising of fixtures end
supplies.
3,With additional study one may become a sanitary engineer.
POLICEMAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Policemen, under the law, are responsible for preserving peace,
protecting life and property, preventing crime, enforcing laws
and ordinances, detecting crime, and arresting offenders.
B.Thc policeman is engaged in one phase or other of law enforcement,
C.Branches of the police:
1.Patrol- Foot, booth, dog, park, marine, radio and motor patrol.
P.Traffic-Foot, market posts, park posts, bridge posts, special,
mounted and motorcycle.
3.Detectives- Squads and specialized squads as safe and loft,
larceny, pickpocket, etc.
4.Headquarters- Clerical work in the Commissioners' offices, borougji
headquarters, division of licenses, station houses, etc.
5.Police academy and Instructors of recruits, detectives, pistol, etc.
6.Emergency Service Division- Trucks and airplanes. ?
KINDS OF WORKERS
a.Patrolman- Patrols an assigned post; his fundamental duty is to
prevent crime and arrest perpetrators of crime.
3.Sergeant- Is responsible for the efficiency and discipline of
patrol men under him.
C.Lieutenant- Desk officer at station house; records police activities,
inspects supplies, answers all questions of the public. V
D.Dctcctive-l.Oncovers the plans of crimihals, arrests and gives
evidence against the suspected. 2.Criminologist- Makes scientific
reports of crimes.
E.Captain of Patrol and Captain of Detectives- In charge of their
particular group in a precinct, with control, management, and
direction of all members.
F.Traffic-1,Fixed post officer- Directs traffic at busy intersections.
2.Motorcycle officer- Keeps the highways safe from reckless and
speedy drivers. 3.Mounted officers- Control traffic where there are
large crowds.
G.Headquarters- Varied clerical work as general, property, license,etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.Gencral-1.Citizen of the United States and resident of New York
State for vine year. Between the ages of 21 and 29 years; height
5 ft. 8 in. to 6 ft. 5 in. 2.Must possess strong and healthy
physique, cleanliness, and good eyesight. Courage, initiative,
patience, tact, common sense, courtesy, level headed, observant
and retentive memory, knowledge of duties.
B.Educational- 1.Elementary School minimum, High School preferable,
College advisable. 2.Pass highly the following Municipal Civil
Service Examinations: (a) a rigia medical examination, (b; a
physical examination testing strength and agility, (c) a mental
examination in gov't., elementary duties, law, arithmetic, and a
memory test. 3.Eligible candidates, after a rigid investigation of
character, are appointed as Probationary Patrolmen and assigned to
the Recruits Training School for a period of six months. Those who
prove capable are appointed as patrolmen.
ADVANTAGES-1.Work is steady and a policeman may not be discharged
unless for a good reason. 2. Income is above average. 3. Injured
police receive full pay, half pay is given on sick report, and a
pension is given after 25 years of service.
DISADVANTAGES-l.Opportunities for promotion restricted because of keen
competition. 2. The work is hazardous.
OPPORTUNITIES ' 1
p.,To Enter-1.Civil Service Examinations are given periodically.
B.To Progre-ss-1.Promotions are made on the basis of seniority,
meritorious police service, and superior capacity as shown by a
cjmpetitive examination.
TEE PRINTER
NATURE OF WORK
A,Printing is the art of reproducing type impressions by means of
the printing press.
R.Printer- one engaged in any or ail of the occupations in the printing
trades.
C.Fields of work
l.Job printing shop- usually employs from one to five workers, doing
all-round work in setting up type and operating small platen
presses for job printing, such as letterheads, cards, announcements,
etc.
£,Newspaper and Publishing Houses- its composing and press rooms
employ skilled Vv'orkers, each performing one function in the process
of preparing plates of type for the rotary printing presses.
KINDS OF WORKERS .
1,Layout man- gets manuscript or copy and makes a rough sketch of
the complete job; decides on size and style of type, quality of
paper, where pictures are to be used, etc.
S.Hand compositor- stands in front of high sloping table, the top
of which is a divided tray, containing the various types; selects
letters, fills sticks and puts them on galleys.
3,Linotype operator- operates machine with keyboard that releases
characters to casting device, where molten lead is forced against
matrixes, forming a solid line of type.
4,Monotype operator-- operates machine that has some two hundred
keys which perforate a strip of paper as in piano roll.
5,Monotype caster- places perforated roll in a machine where com¬
pressed air passes through holes causing matrix to be set in
position, cast, and arranged in lines ready for the galley.
6,Bank man- gets galleys, puts them in their proper order and
numbers them.
7,Proofreader- watches for errors of every sort, kind of type used,
spacing, spelling, punctuation.
8,Stoneman- places pages of type matter on smooth iron surface or
on the imposing st'one; levels type with mallet, locks form, and
sends it to the pressroom.
9.Pressman- places type forms or the curved plates on the press,
fills ink fountains with the proper ink, puts supply of paper on
the machine; has assistants known as prassfcoders.
(a)First assistant- located on the bnke side of the press;
second assistant or tension man, third assistant or oiler.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Must be over 16 years old; must be strong, healthy to
stand constant stooging; good eyesight.
B.Educational- Must be High school graduate; must have good knowledge
of English; must be an expert in composing jobs, experienced either
through apprenticeship or by learning it in a recognized trade school.
ADVANTAGES- Good pay; steady work all year round; regulated hours.
DISADVANTAGE- work is none indoors; dirty; causes eyestrain. The
a noise, lead fumes, and smell of ink is obnoxious at all times. Long
period of apprenticeship required,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- at present field Is overcrowded; newcomers must fill
application and wait turn for an apprenticeship opening; information
regarding location of shops, requirements, regulations, etc., may
be had by writing to the secretary of the particular trade associ¬
ation, which is classified in the telephone directory under
"Labor Organizations".
B.To Progress- apprenticeship varies from two to five years; earnest
apprentices become journeymen ih minimum time; journeyman may open
own printing shop later. Beginners will progress more rapidly by
attending evening trade school.
THE PSYCHOLOGIST
NATURE OF WORK
A. Psychology is the cicnce of the principles of behavior and'the mind,
B, A psychologist is one who explores the scinoce, teaches it, or
applies it to clinical and social problems.
C. Kinds of Psychology
1, Psychometry - The determination of intelligence, personality,
and effective education.
2, Psycho-analysis - Sconce of the total consicious and unconscious
motivation of individual and group behavior,
3, Abnormal - Study of mental disorders and anomalies.
4, Social - Study of the behavior of groups and social classes.
5, Many other'specialized kinds, as child psychology, educational ,
vocational, genetic, .experimental, industrial, behaviorist,
Gestalt, physiological, animal psychology, mental hygiene, etc.
D, Fields of Work
1. Clinical - In hospitals, courts, prisons, schools, colleges, and
othor public and private institutions.
2. Research - Chiefly with the above institutions, also independent,
risearch,
3. Training - In colleges, universities, or other institutions.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A. Psychologist - Gives tests; conducts studies; recommends adjust¬
ments .
B. Research Psychologist- Experiments on special problems.
C. Chief Psychologist - Plans, directs work of a staff,
D. Psychiatrist (alienist) - diagnoses and treats mental disorders and
behavior problems by pwyeho and physiological methods,
E. Psycho-a nalyst - Treats or anticipates mental disorders ani be¬
havior problems through a highly specialized technique of emotional
reeducation,
F. Instructor or Professor of Psychology - Teaches; directs research.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - A0al sympathy with the efforts of people to free themselves
of repressions and oppressions. Confidence in people and in oneself.
A scientific patience with details,
B. Educational
1. Clinical and research psychologists require 2 years' post-graduate
study at an accredited college or university. Civil Service
further requires 3 years of cl inical experience,
2. Chief psychologist (Civil Service) requires Ph.D. and 5 years'
clinical work, or M.A. and 10 years' v/ork.
3. Psychiatrist and psycho-analyst require an M.D, and special
training. Analyst requires 2-year course, and must be psycho¬
analyzed, at a recognized Psycho-analystic institute,
4. Instructor requires one or more college degrees. Professor
further requires distinction in service.
ADVANTAGES- Ono deals with many different personalities; assists in
solving problems of intellect and emotion. Large opportunity
for creative study. Monetary remuneration for employed psycho¬
logist Is at the so-called professional level.
DISADVANTAGES- The momentous economic factors in psychological
probloms arc not easy for the psychologist alone to influence.
Many years of study and preparatory work necessary before one
can hope for any measure of success.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter.- Employment opportunities arc increasing. Psychologists
usually start in clinics or in private or endowed institutions.
B, To Progress,- Psychologists of many years experience may win h4gh
positions in public service. There is a chunee for real distinction
as lecturer or a.itlior on psychology. Prominence and renown are
the rewards for those who are highly successful. Good opportunity
In the field of educational and vocational guidance.
PURCHASING AGENT
NATURE OF WORK
A.Purchasing Agent's work involves the scientific purchasing of
materials and supplies as required for the proper functioning
of the business or industrial organization.
B.Purchasing Agent is one who conducts the purchasing activities
for a concern or institution,
C.Fields of work
1.Industrial [Establishment- supervises all purchases in adminis¬
tration, production and distribution departments,
2.Transportation- supervises buying of rolling stock and other
equipment needed by the carrier,
3,Institutions- supervises purchases, which are usually made by
the "Bidding System".
D. Functions
1,Investigates market conditions and determines where materials
needed can best be bought.
2.See that material is bought and. delivered at proper time.
3.Keeps record concerning past purchases, prices, quotations,
inventories and other data needed to maintain his knowledge of
ever changing business conditions,
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Inventory Clerk- keeps a perpetual inventory of stock,
2.Storekeeper- takes charge of materials in stock room and keeps
records of same.
3.Purchasing Assistant- writes specifications and keeps data as
to quality and serviceableness of materials; aids in the various
executive duties of the purchasing department.
4.Purchasing Agent- formulates the policy of the purchasing
department and supervises all functions therein.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
l.The purchasing agent should be analytical minded; have'executive
ability, resourcefulness and be able to handle figures.
2,Should have a thorough knowledge of materials and costs, and of
business conditions.
3.Should know how, where, and when to buy most advantageously.
"4.Should possess poise, tact and well-balanced judgment.
B,Educational
1.College education desirable.
2.Thorough business training desirable; courses in economics, cost
accounting and statistics are essential.
ADVANTAGES
1.A purchasing agent's remuneration is usually high.
2.He is looked upon with esteem and recognized as a person of
responsibility.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Responsibility very great; he is under a continuous nervous strain.
2.He is usually held responsible, if production costs are excessive.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- At present there is limited opportunity for a beginner in
this field; during prosperous times the need for purchasing agents
increases.
B.To Progress
1.An exceptionally capable person with the proper background may
rise through the stages of purchasing assistant to purchasing
agent.
2.A good purchasing agent is in position to command his own salary,
3.He may become an important official or partner.
RADIO
NATURE OF Y.'ORK
A.Radio is the science of transfering sound waves of controlled
frequency into electro-magnetic waves, projecting them through the
air, and reproducing them in receiving apparatus.
1.Radio-Telephony:-Broadcasting of musical programs, speeches, etc,
2.Radio-Telegraphy-Transmitting and receiving messages in code#
B#A radio worker is one who designs or improves broadcasting and
receiving apparatus; controls transmission of radio station; services
receiving sets,
C.Fields of work
1.Manufacturing- radio factories; laboratories,
2.Radio- Telephony:-Broadcasting stations,
3.Radio- Telegraphy:-Ships, airplanes, radiogram companies,
4.Government- Army and Navy, weather bureaus, Federal Communications
Commission, etc,
5.Radio Sales Shops- testing tubes; servicing; repairing radios;
installing loud speaker systems, etc,
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Manufacturing- 1.Research Engineer- Designs radio apparatus.
2,Production Engineer- Supervises the making and assembling parts
of radio apparatus, 3.Servicemen- Repair radio sets in the home,
factory, and wholesale and retail stores.
B.Radio- Telephony:- 1,Apprentice- Assists the engineer, runs errands,
places microphones, and assists in the repair of apparatus,
2.Monitor- Changes the volume in the control room as variations in
the mu3ic and other sounds occur. 3.Radio Engineer- Supervises
operation of both the control room and transmitting apparatus of
a radio station; does research e.g. interference, fading.
C.Radio- Telegraphy- 1.Radio Telegrapher- Sends and receives messages.
In large concerns typewrites messages, setting apparatus in motion.
D.Government- 1,Inspector of the Federal Communications Commission -
inspects radio stations, examines and licenses radio engineers, etc,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Mechanical minded, manual dexterity, patient and thorough
in details, level headed, and punctual,
B.Educational- 1.Radio technician- High School education with emphasis
on Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Mechanical Drawing. 2,Two
year college course in Mathematical and Physical Sciences is the
ideal preparation for a technical course. 3,A specialized technical
course at a trade school devoted exclusively to radio, e.g. (R.C.A.
Institute, N.Y,) 4.Engineer and Inspector positions require an
electrical engineering degree with emphasis on radio engineering a:qd
electrical communications, respectively. 5.Radio or broadcasting
transmission engineer and radio telegrapher must pass a licensing
examination of the Federal Communications Commission.
ADVANTAGES- 1.Interesting and fascinating work. 2.Salary good and in
higher positions above average.
DISADVANTAGES- 1.Field is overcrowded and highly specialized. 2.Work
is confining; requires exact and careful work,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Beginners positions may be had as a monitor or apprentice
In a radio station.-*, or as a draftsman in a factory, eto. Civil
Service examinations given periodically. Research engineers will
find opportunities in College, U.S.Bureau of Standards; independent,
and commercial research laboratories.
B.To Progress- Definite line of promotion in all fields: Monitor to
head of control room; apprentice to chief engineer or manager of a
station. Radio telegraph operator to chief operator. Servicemen
may go into own business. Engineers and technicians will find, from
the standpoint of income, opportunities in selling.
RECREATION LEADERSHIP
NATURE OF WORK I
A. The use of leisure time for recreating the body, mind, and spirit
in the field of play is considered recreation.
B. The recreation leader is oh© 10 prepares and executes plans for
the best possible use of the leisure hours of adults and children.
C. FUNCTIONS
E. Organization - To organize groups in play and activities.
2. Direction - To direct activities of individuals and groups.
3. Education - To assist individuals and groups in the development
of special interests and activities.
D. FIELDS OF WORK
1. Social Organizations - Recreation leader works in churches,
schools, settlement houses.
2. Industry - In large concerns such as The Western Electric Co.,
and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., where R-cr*, .tion1 -lc -id$r
_is concerned with the leisure time interests of all employee^.
3. Municipal Centers - Public parks and playgrounds. Planning
and directing all kinds of outdoor sports, games and activities. r
4. Private Organizations - Social and athletic Clubs; summer and
winter resorts,
KINDS OF WORK
A. Play leader - directs group games.
B. Instructor - coaches athletic sports, such as swimming and base¬
ball, or teaches special subjects, as dramatics, handcraft.
C. Recreation leader - coordinates various group and individual
recreation activities; trains play leaders and instructors; assists
in direction of both child and adult groups.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
1. A pleasing personality
2. A good sense of humor and natural sense of balance.
3. Good physical and mental health.
4. Patience, leadership ability and ease of expression.
B. Educational
1; Courseerin physical education, dramatics, musicJian dcraft,etc.
2. Special training in recreational courses.
3. Most organizations require recreation leaders to be college
graduates.
ADVANTAGES
1. An attractive occupation.
2. Healthy, outdoor work.
3. The recreation leader is popular and his efforts are appreciated
DISADVANTAGES
1. lUirng, irregular hours; usually low income.
2. Necessity of strict adherence to routine and scheduled programs.
3. Planning leisure time activities for many people of diverse
interests, often a hard and nerve-racking task.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter
growing field, not overcrowded. Increasing demand for leaders
of recreation. Openings available in boy scout branches, Y.M.C.a.
and other organizations.
B. To Progress
Opportunity to become nationally known. Opportunity for further
study and work in the branches of*
1. Recreation executive.
2. Supervisor of Parks and Playgrounds.
3. Director of plays for children.
4. Director of recreation: for adults.
THE RESTAURANT WORKER
NATURE OF WORK an
A. 1. A restaurant is|eating place, public and private.
2. Restaurant work involves the serving of cooked or otherwise
prepared foods to the patrons of a restaurant.
B. A restaurant worker is one who is engaged in anyool the following
activities:
1. Preparation of food - cleaning, paring, slicing various foods,
as fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, etc.; seasoning them and
making them ready for consumption by various means as,
chilling, boiling, broiling, grilling, etc.
2. Service - setting t?bbles and serving the prepared food*
3. Maintenance - washing dishes, cleaning tables and generally
keeping the surroundings in the restaurant pleas*nt and invit-
in*»
C. Fields of Work
1. Quick meal service places - cafes, teashops, bar and grill
shops, lunch wagons etc.
2. Self service restaurants cafeterias etc.
3. Service restaurants - higher class eating places , often
specializing in certain foods as dairy, steaks end chops, etc.
4. Hotels (residential and resort) - maintain restaurants of
unusually high standards; often act .s caterers for parties,
banquets, etc.
KIND OF WORKERS
1. Bus boy - removes used dishes, silverware from tables; cleans
tabletops, adjusts tablecloths, assists waiters; may have to
wash dishes.
2. Counterman - most frequently works in cafeteria, bar or lunch
wagon; expert in the preparation of salads and sandwiches;
must be able to cook or fry certain foods and serve quickly.
3. Waiter - sets tables; serves food to clients.
4. Head waiter - supervises su-lf of waiters; directs patrons to
tables; acts as their host and expresses through his person¬
ality the cordiality and congeniality of the restaurant.
5. Cook - cooks or otherwise*prepares meals.
6. Chef - expert on diets 'and balanced me rls; supervises kitchen
personnel; plans menus; directs food purchases.
7. General Manager - manages a restaurant.
8. Caterer - supplies prepared food and service for banquets,
weddings, etc.
9. Dietician - supervises scienfific preparation of food (see
separate outlines)
QUALIFIC iTI0N3
A. General - restaurant workers must be in good health, immaculate
in dress md appearance, courttous, tactfull, patieni)pnd agile.
B. Educational - high school essential, college preferred for
manager in the many better restaurants; head waiter and manager
are roqjrired to have good educational background and business
experience; cook and chef must have wide experience and know¬
ledge of foods and recipes. DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES - income fair; employment generally steady# Work done
under pressure during meal hours; kitchen work pflR. formed in
hot uncomfortable atmosphere; waiters depend on tips, frequently
irregular, for oart of their earrings.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter - beginners generally in demand as dishwashers, busboys,
etc. Skiix and experience rarely required of newcomers.
P. To Progress - capable, conscientious beginners may learn trade
quickly; pay rises nnu promotions, in rank, available to all
workers; one may open own restaurant.
THE RETAIL MERCHANT
NATURE OF WORK
A.Retail merchandising is the sale of goods directly to the consumer.
B.A retail merchant is one who owns or operates a store or chain of
stores.
C.Fields of work
1.Independent stores-- owned and operated by a single proprietor or
partnership.
2.Local branch systems- a system of stores, each of which is a
branch of a dominant parent store.
3.Manufacturers chain- stores that sell one or a series of commodi¬
ties produced in their own factory.
4.Chain stores- operated by a large corporation; supplied with
stock from a central warehouse.
D.Kinds of stores
1.Variety- stores in which a variety of articles, of low price, are
sold.
2.Food- grocery, bakery, confectionery, etc.
3.Clothing- mens' ladies' and childrens' apparel.
4.Home furnishings- furniture, lamps, carpets, curtains, etc.
5.Others- dry goods, hardware, electrical, specialty shops, etc.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.In independent stores
1.Delivery boy- delivers packages, sweeps store, unpacks boxes, etc,
2.Helper- arranges stock, aids in selling, gives general help to
storekeeper.
3.Owner or manager- buys, sells, plans advertising, has general
supervision of store.
B.ln chain stores
1.Stock clerk- unpacks incoming goods, places them on shelves.
2.Checker- checks articles and wraps them for customers.
3.Sales clerk- sells; assists in making of displays.
4.Buyer- purchases one line of merchandise, for entire chain system.
5.Store manager- requisitions stock from central warehouse; has
charge of money taken in; is generally responsible for the
/ success of any one store in a chain.
6.General manager- supervises activities over entire chain store-
organization.
QUALIFICATIONS ,
A,General-1.Experience in the particular line of goods sold,
2.Neatness and pleasant personal appearance. 3.Cheerfulness and
courtesy. Buyer must know trends of style; must understand value,
must be able to buy articles that are easily salable.
B.Educational-1.Large independent and chain stores require High
School graduates. 2.Applicants with College training often get
preference.3.Fair knowledge of English language essential.
4.Proficiency in arithmetic, spelling and writing. 5.Training in
merchandising and salesmanship of great value.
ADVANTAGES- -Jobs are usually steady; good performance m the job is
generally rewarded by promotion.
DISaDV.HTa.GEd- oong h >urs, small starting salary, slow advancement.
,OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter-1.During holiday seasons jobs are usually available.
2.a fairly large labor turnover in s >we establishments assures an
opportunity for the beginner. 3.To gain experience beginners usually
start as stock or delivery clerks.
B.To Progress-l.Good sales clerks may become store managers or buyers.
2.High executive positions available to most capable. 3.Chance to
open one's own business.
THE SALESMAN
natinr. OF WORK
A.Salesmanship- is the art of persuading the consumer to acquire the
goods or services v.-hich a producer has Tor s.-cle.
B.A Salesman- is one who sells those goods or services,
i..Acts as the link between producer and consuror.
C.Types of selling:
1.Inside selling- behind the counter selling, s .in retr.il stores.
(a) Buyer comes to tiru,- seller.
2,Outside selling- Travelling salesmen, rout.; salesmen.
(a) Boiler goes to the buyer.
D.Types of sales:
1.Tangibles, as food, clothing, furniture.
2.Intangibles, as stocks, bonds, services.
KIN Do OF ftOHKEhS
A.Types of salesmen
1.Specialty salesmen- one- time sales,., as refrigerators, automobiles;
etc.
2.Commodity salesmen- repeat, sales, as groceries, dry goods, etc,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Personal- good appearance, personality, knowledge of human
nature, ability to converse fluently, initiative, energy, '
determination, ability to see prospect's viewpoint, cheerful
temperament, courtesy, power of observation, gjou memory,
imagination, enthus!asm.
2.Educational- High School essential, College desirable, Salesman¬
ship courses helpful.
B.Specific
1.Specialty salesmen- initiative, aggressiveness, ability to make
good first impression.
2.Commodity salesmen- ability to make and keep frienas, good
memory for names, faces and facts.
ADVANTAGES
A,General- stimulating work; comparatively high pay, particularly in
outside selling; rood salesmen always in demand.
B.Specific
I.Outside salesmen- work independently, little supervision; varied
routine, many contact:.,
2.Inside salesmen- op,.o tunity for advancement, reasonable as¬
surance of permancuc/.
DISADVANTAGES
A.General
1.Drain on nervous energy- demands fine recuperative powers, both
mental and physical.
b.Upeeific
1.Outsice salesmen irregular life.
2.Inside salesmen- tiring work, on feet ail day.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Trained salesmen and potential salesmen in great a«mand.
l.Mass production plus keen competition plus present low buying
power of consumer make salesman the most important factor in
conduct of successful business.
B.To Progress- Bales executives in particular uc-ruana.
THE SECRETARIAL WORKER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Secretarial work is the task of giving stenographic or other
assistance in the matter of correspondence and office routine,
to a professional man or an executive of a firm.
B.A secretarial worker is one who performs the duties of typist,
stenographer or private secretary.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1•Typist--operates typewriter; types orders, forms, correspondence;
EL..y be employed in any branch ox the office.
2. Stenographer—takes notes in shorthand, types, does general
office work.
5.Public stenographer—gives stenographic service to travelling
business men, authors, etc; frequently conducts own business.
4.Law stenographer—specializes in recording legal notes and papers
5.Court stenographer—civil service position; highly skilled
worker required to take stenographic notes of all that transpires.
6.Private secretary—executive's most trusted and most responsible
employee; takes dictation and types; reads and sorts mail;
receives callers and makes appointments; answers telephone and
writes correspondence; keeps files; handles many details of
office routine.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Neatness, speed, accuracy and punctuality.
2.Proficiency in spelling, grammar and punctuation.
3.Understanding of business forms} letters, etc., as well as of
various office details.
B.Educational
1.Typists—must be grammar school graduates; high school graduates
preferred.
2.Stenographers—high school graduates preferred; thorough know¬
ledge of one system of stenography, either Gregg, Pitman, or any
other.
3.Law and court stenographers—college graduates preferred; know-;
ledge of legal terms and forms.
4.Private secretary—a college graduate is preferred; (a) know¬
ledge of commercial correspondence; (b) some knowledge of bank¬
ing procedure and simple bookkeeping.
ADVANTAGES
1.Well paid; good working conditions.
2.All but typist's work is varied and interesting
3.Steady employment.
4.Court stenographer and private secretary have positions of
responsibility and high rank.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Taxes one,rs strength and energy.
2.Court stenographer works at high tension, rapid pace, under
physical and mental strain.
3.Private secretary may have to face difficult problems, and
solve them on own initiative.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To enter
l.Only the most qualified have a chance to enter. 2. Knowledge of
bookkeeping or operation of some office machines will aid in
securing a job.
B.To progress
l.Good service will frequently be rewarded by periodic increases
in pay. 2. Typist of stenographer, with proper preparation, or
through experience, may become a private secretary.
NATURE OF Y/ORK
A.Sheet-metal work is the industrial trade which U3es thin sheets of
metal in the manufacture of metal appliances, machine equipment,
building materials, etc.
B.A sheet-metal worker is one who is engaged in the manufacture or
installation of articles made out of sheet-metal.
C.Fields of work
1.Building- installation of doors, sash, heating and ventilating
systems; construction of skylights, gutters, rain spouts,
cornices, etc.
2.Industry- manufacture of stoves and ranges, metal kitchens,
school and office furniture, building and automobile equipment
and a great variety of sheet metal articles.
KINDS OF WORKZRS
A.Apprentice- learns trade while helping any of the following:
B.Tinsmith- makes tin pans, pails and kitchenware; lays tin roofs, etp.
C.Coppersmith- makes kettles, boilers, distilling equipment and
other copper objects.
D.Sheet metal worker: - in shops,
l.IIstal spinner- shapes metal into hollow form by spinning process.,
2.Bumper- rvukes special shapes of sheet metal on "bumper" machine.
3.Sheet metal layout man- pattern developer; draws patterns on
metal; indicates by punching holes how work should be done.
E.Sheet metal worker: in building- installs cornices, rain spouts;
erects electric signs, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Newcomer must be at least sixteen years of age, able bodied and
in good health.
2.Constructive ability; liking for the handling of tools and
machinery.
B.Educational
1,While not essential a tephnical high school education is most
valuable; courses may be taken at night.
2.Worker must be acquainted with mechanical drawing, free hand
drawing, shop mathematics, geometrical forms and pattern drafting.
3.In building the sheet metal worker must be able to read the
prints or working drawings.
ADVANTAGES
A.Pay is fairly high; work steady, particularly in large firms;
sheet metal worker may find occupation in many industries.
B.Constructive work; growing trade, constantly increasing in importance.
DISADVANTAGES
A.Some danger involved in the handling of machinery.
B.Factory workers are in the midst of great noise; concentration
often causes eye strain; workers frequently stand on their feet
all day.
C.In building work is often done under poor weather conditions.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Due to general business drop there are few openings at present.
2.Beginners might find jobs in small local shops at small pay;
should continue to get technical training in night school during
apprenticeship; highly qualified workers may more easily secure
a position.
B.To Progress
1.Chance for steady high paying foreman job.
2.Chance of going into small business.
THE SHOE INDUSTRY
NATURE OF WORK
A. The shoe industry is concerned with the manufacture of boots and
shoes.
B. A shoe worker is one who is employed in the making of shoes.
C. Departments in a shoe factory:
1. Sole Leather - Where the outer sole, the insole, the counter
sole, the toe boxes and the heels are prepared.
2. Upper Leather - there the leather is sorted and linings,
leather for uppers and trimminings are cut, counted,stamped
and assembled.
. 3. Stitching or fitting - the assembled parts of the upper are
stitched or pasted together.
4. Lasting - Where the upper and the insole are brought together.
The upper is pulled over the last.
5. Bottoming - Where the soles and the uppers are fastened to¬
gether by stitching and nailing and the heels are attached.
6. Finishing - Where the shoes are trimmed, blocked and polished.
7. Treeing, Packing, Shipping - Where the shoes are cleaned,
ironed, polished, inspected, paired and packed for shipping.
KIND OF WORKERS
IL. Heeler - mikes labels including high heels for ladies' shoes.
2. Vnmper- makes the tips, or upper front parts of shoes.
3. Cutter - cuts the leather or other materials for the upper
shoe.
4. Operator - operates machine that sews together the parts.
5. Laster - assembles the mpper and sole parts.
6. Finisher and polisher - trims shoes; punches lace holes or
decorative holes; removes stains; repairs defects; polishes
upper and applies glossy finish to bottoms of soles.
7. Designer and sample maker - creates new styles and makes first
models; in large firms the functions are performed by different
individuals.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General - physical fitness, good health and ability to use both
hands freely essential. Workers must also be alert and handy in
the use of tools and machinery.
B. Educational - no specific academic schooling required; trade
school, advisable- Designers must hive knowledge of drawing,
and be familiar with fashion trends in footwear.
ADVANTAGES
1. Skilled workers receive a fairly high rate of pay.
2. Hours of work are regulated, seven hour-day prevailing.
DIS ADVANTAGES
1. Seasonal trades; uncertainty as to seasons duration.
2. Indoor work; shops are noisy.
3. Many of the machine operations are dangerous.
4. Polishers often become infected with skin disease.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter - Beginners start as floor boys or floor girls, advanc¬
ing as vaoancies occur. At present few beginners .are hired;
these, if retained, serv^ an apprenticeship of about 4 years.
B. To Progress - Advancement is slow. Capable apprentices may
become operators or cutters. Workers of proven ability become
departmental foremen. Highly skilled workers may become sample
makers or designers. Tradesmen of unusual ability are highly
paid for made-to-order shoes, or for their shoe creations for stage
and other special purposes.
THE STATISTICIAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, tabu¬
lation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data, as of
population, births, industry, etc.
B.The Statistician collects data to be used, compiles and presents
the data in the form of tables, charts, or graphs, and interprets
the data for practical use. f
C.Fields of work
1,Government- Local, State, and Federal Governments compile
statistics on census, banking, manufacturing, etc.
g,Business- Large organizations of all kinds compile and tabulate
data for their own use, as banks, commercial houses, insurance
firms, Chambers of Commerce, etc.
3.Statistical agencies- Serve business and newspapers with data on
business trends; e.g., the Babson Institute, the Harvard Economic
Service, and many smaller ones.
4,Social and Civic Organizations- compile and use statistics for
their daily guides.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Field worker- Interviews people and investigates sources of
information to obtain facts needed.
B.Statistical clerk- Corrects, classifies, tabulates, and summarizes
tho data obtained.
C.Statistical draftsman- Makes the drawings, letterings, and illus¬
trations, of maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, etc.
D.Statistician- Plans and supervises statistical work. Plans infor¬
mation questionnaries; analyzes and interprets the final result.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Mathematical mind and liking for figures; accurate, neat,
speedy, mentally alert; patience for detailed work; good eyesight,
B.Specific-
1.fleod statistical clerk- thorough and detailed knowledge of the
sources and uses of statistical data, of statistical machinery,
and of the assembling, recording, end adding of data, ability
to plan table forms and graphs.
2,Draftsman- knowledge of drawing, designing, and the elementary
principles of graphic presentation.
3.Statistician- specialized and detailed knowledge of the appli¬
cation of statistics to scientific or economic problems.
Ability to mice technical, mathematical computations with
facility, ability to supervise and coordinate workers.
C.Educational
1.Statistical Clerk and Draftsman- High School education;
Government Service requires at least one year of experience.
2.Statistician requires a College degree. Supervisory positions
require a Ph.D. or D.Sc. degree or three years of successful
statistical experience.
ADVANTAGES- Working surroundings pleasant; income is substantial and
work in the main is steady. Participating in a statistical study is
inspiring to one who wishes to help solve important problems.
DISADVANTAGES- Work is confining, sincu it is done indoors and
usually at a desk, the field worker excepted.
OPPORTUNITIES
a.To Enter-Beginners may start as junior clerk, junior draftsmen, or
junior statistician in the city, statu, or Federal Civil Service,
or private fields; marry p>sitinis, particularly in clerical field,
open to women.
B.To Progress- Definite lino of promotion for capable and experienced
men; with furtne-r stuuy, opportunity to enter allied fields, as
accountancy; opportunity to open own statistical agency.
THL STEkEQTYPER ana THE ELLCTnOT^PEK
NATURE OF WOnK
A,Stereotyping and Lleetrotyping is the process of duplicating an
original plate of type fora into several plates of the same form,
either for replacement in case of v/ear or to have several presses
turning out the same copy.
B,Kinds of work
1,Stereotyping department- deals with the preparation of stereotype
plates, made of paper pads; used in newspaper printing chiefly.
P.Electrotyping department- duplicate solid metal plates for special
fine line engravings by means of the electroplating process,
KINDS OF WORKERS
A,Stereotyping department
l.Florrg nkxor- makes fiongs (paper pads) by pasting together several
sheets of paper.
S.Mat roller- gets engraved plate from composing room, places flong
upon it, covers both with a blanket, and presses flong upon the 1
type by matrix rolling machine.
0.5team table mail- drys matrix (or impression) on table heated by
steam or electricity.
4.Caster- places matrix in casting box where it is pressed into
curved half cylinder.
5.Trimmer- trims lead plate as is necessary; cools off plate under
jets of water.
B.Electrotyping tievartment
1.Wax Caster- prepares wax molds which take the place of fiongs.
w.holder- makes .an impression of a page of type in the wax which
is used as a mold,
o,Builder- cuts off surplus wax from wax mold, adds wax to the
blank spaces.
4.Battery man- covers impression with a thin coating of copper,
pours solution of copper sulphate over it, then sprinkles iron
filings; attaches case to battery, suspends it in tank with
solution of sulphate of copper and turns on the electric current.
5.Caster- operates a metal furnace which strengthens the electrotype*
6.Finisher- examines the electrotype; makes corrections.
7.Router- cuts off high places in the #etal plate with a routing
machine.
8.Blocker- mounts electrotype on a block of wood, trims edges of
block to fit printing machine.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Loth stereotypers and electrotypers must have good health;
must be strong for they handle heavy materials and work in heat and
moisture; 16 years is the minimum age of admission to tile electro-
typing ana stereotyping trades.
B.Specific- high school graduates with mechanical ability are given
preference for apprenticeship; some jobs require a good knowledge
of Chemistry una Physics.
ADVANTaGES- Work is steady; regulated hours; gooa pay.
DISADVaNTaGES- Work as indoors; kettles of molten wax and metal cause
heat; solutions, damp mats, etc., cause moisture; air nay be filled
with lead dust, acid fumes; causes considerable strain on the eyes
of those doing the close work; heavy, dirty work.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- There is no great demand for workers at the present time;
few calls for helpers, electrotype scrubbers; stereotyping and
electrotyping jobs may be found either in publishing houses or
private stereotype and electrotype firms.
B.To Progress- Apprentices learn quickly all the jobs in the depart¬
ment; promotions occur chiefly in the form of wage increases;
stereotypers and electrotypers have opportunity to get acquainted
with engraving and lithography and change to those trades.
STRUCTURAL IROMWORKER
NATURE OP VJORIv
A.Structural ironwork is the task of putting together and riveting
the steel beams and girders which form the skeletons of high build¬
ings, bridges, ships, etc.
B.A structural ironworker is one engaged in the construction of the
steel frames of large buildings; ships and bridges.
C.Functions:-
1.Inside- in shops where steel trusses and girders are made.
(a)Laying out the beams, or measuring them for proper lengths
and noting the places for rivet holes.
(b)Cutting beams to size and shape and. drilling rivet holes,
{c)Assembling some of the material by means of rivets and bolts
and sending it to place where building is being erected.
2.Outside- at the place where building is constructed.
(a)Matching, raising and putting steel trusses, girders and beams
into place,
(b)Riveting them together by means of red hot rivets and the
pneumatic riveter, to form the frame work of the building.
KINUS OF WORKERS
A.Erector- sets iron or steel girders, beams, etc., in proper places
and fastens them temporarily with bolts.
B .Riveter- any one of the following:
1,Forger- who heats the rivets and throws them to -
2.Placer - who catches them and places them in the proper holes;
3.Holder- who holds the head, of the rivet tightly against frame.
4,Hammer-man- with .-.a powerful air-hammer fastens rivets, permanently
sealing beams and girders.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. General
1.Physical strength, sobriety, alertness.
2.Calm and steady nerves most essential.
3.Daring and courage but also caution.
4.Minimum age - eighteen years.
'5,Ability to use tools of the trade.
B.Educational
1.Complete grammar school course.
2.High School courses in Mathematics, Physica,etc.,advisable.
3.Those who wish to advance, should make a thorough study of strength
and qualities of materials, blue print reading, mathematics, and
mechanical and. architectural drawing.
ADVANTAGES
A.Ironworker is one of most essential workers in modern life.
3.Thrilling work for those who like excitement.
C.Generally high rate of pay.
DISADVANTAGES
A.The work is fraught with danger.
B.The ironworker must often travel from town to town to do his work.
C.The work is always done at high speed.
D.It cannot be made one's life work as old or even middle aged men are
discharged.
E.Seasonal work.
OPPORTUNITIES
A,TO Enter
1.Ironworkers may find employement with building contractors.
2.Jobs on government projects, as bridge or dam construction, often
available.
3.Field at present filled; in good times ironworkers are in great
demand.
B.To Progress
l.With proper experience and educational background, ironworker may
become foreman or superintendent of construction.
THE TEACHER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Teaching is tnc art of imparting knowledge by the systematic de¬
velopment ana. cultivation of the natural powers of the student.
E.A teacher is ^nc who imparts toiowludge, skill, facility by Lessons*
C.Types of Softools
1.Elementary Schools (public and private)- Education of stuaonts
during first six (or eight) years of schooling;
2.Junior .High Schools- Education of students during seventh, eighth
ana ninth years of schooling, during which specific aptitudes
(academic, commercial, technical, etc.) are investigated*
t.Senior High Schools- Education of students during last four years
of secondary school.
(a)Acadenic course- preparation for college work.
(b;Commercial course- preparation for a business career,
(c)Vocational course- preparation for a trade.
(a)special courses, such as cosmopolitan, cooperative, textiles,
scientific, and technical, some of which prepare for higher
elocation in special fields.
4.College- Education in preparation for a professional career.
5.Professional Schools- Specialized training for a .^ecific
profession.
KINDS CF WORKERS
A.Types of Teachers
1.Elementary schools- teaching all subjects in any one grade.
2.Secondary schools- teaching a special subject in all grades.
(a)academic- languages, sciences, art, etc.
(b)Commercial- stenography, typing, bookkeeping, etc.
(c)Vocational- drafting, mechanics, cabinet making, carpentry,
commercial art, electrical work, plumbing, printing, etc.
3.College- teaching academic subjects in special field on higher
l-.vel with opportunity for research, writing, etc. Instructors
usually have advanced degrees.
qualifications
A.General- Intellectual type, enthusiasm, patience, kindness, tact,
sympathetic understanding of human nature, leadership, sociability,
courtesy, good appearance, good health, good speech.
B.Educational- High School and Normal School or College (in N.Y. City).
C.Specific
1,Professional courses- Psychology, Pedagogy, etc.
2.C )ursc-s in specie! field for teaching special subjects in
secondary schools and colleges.
ADVANTa cds
A.General- Endless variety in human materials dealt with; constant
sti iy challenges intellect; satisfaction in the importance of
teaching as a force in social improvement.
B.Specific- Short hours and long vacations afford oopc: tuni ties for
stUuy, travel, recreution;^environment offers contact with educated
colleagues; economic security^tenure of office, pension in school
systems of many large cities). \
DISADVANTAGES- Fin^n^iai returns are nyt large lN.Y.C. toichors are
jaraoilg ue.qt \ », d inv'L\. drain on nervous^energy demands fine re-
operative powers, mentil--tnid^piiy.si.cal; pf^on Locking initiative
teM-sp to regain in first level because of~s^CEFrilya
OPPORTD^ilTlj'iS
A.To Eiiter^FioiA is overcrowded Le'xc^ t in outlying diolrictsTr
difficult cdo^eii.tivo examinations fue given applicants; in rao:
large citi go, elffikls^ must wait long for an appointment.
B.To Progress- dupervisa^p^^jsitions, teaching positions in higher pay
schedules (high schools, J jf£fco»r high schools) arc available to
candidates , assing corppetitivJ^xa^iii. it ions given periodically.
THE TELEGRAPH 17 GREER
nature of work
A.Telegraphy is the science of transmitting messages, by me:ans of
wire-connected apparatus, called telegraph,
l.The telegraph operates by the applied principle of electro-
magnetism, transmitting symbols as a circuit is caused to break
and close successively.
B.Telegrapher- operator of a telegraph instrument.
C.Fields of work
1,Public Service- Western Union, Postal Telegraph, etc. Companies
engaged in sending and delivering messages for the public.
2,Press and Newspapers- Associated and United Press; Syndicates;
have telegraph systems to send news information from scene of
events to central offices.
3.Business Houses- Stock Exchange, Banks, etc.: telegraph systems
between brokerage firms, branch offices.
4.Transportation- Railroad, bus, airplane companies maintain
telegraph systems to communicate between stations.
•5.City Service- Police, Fire Department; have telegraph systems
to aid in the efficiency of their work.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Traffic Department
1.Messenger- delivers telegrams, sometimes small parcels.
2.Simplex Operator- telegrapher who operates the simplex type of
telegraph, similar to a typewriter.
3.Multiplex Operator- operates a machine similar to the simplex
telegraph, but able to send several messages, at once.
4.Morse Operator- telegrapher who operates the Morse Code telegraph.
5.Telephone Operator- usually women, who convey and receive
telegraph messages by telephone.
6.Route Aide- sorts messages, packages as to destination.
B.Service Department
1.Testing and Regulating Attendants- workmen test wires, make
necessary circuit adjustments, repair and maintain mechanical
equipment associated with the circuits.
2.Maintenance Workers- gangs handling telegraph poles, cables, etc.
3.Inside maintenance- experienced electricians who do mechanical
repairs and set up work according to diagrams,
4.Engineers- handle problems involving development and research,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Average minimum age for telegraphers is 22 years;
messengers 15 years; service man 18 years; physical fitness,
accuracy, speed, neatness, honesty.
B.Educational- Telegraphers are required to have at least two years
of High School, four or five years experience and training in
telegraphy. Messengers must have at least an elementary school
education.
ADVANTAGES- Employees in the Traffic Department have pleasant
surroundings; continuous employment; vacations with pay; sickness
and disability benefits. Opportunity for messengers to contact
business people and find prospects for regular employment.
DISADVANTAGES- Exacting work; night shift and busy holidays;
* monotonous; keen competition for the jobs; no opportunity to gc
into own business, nor probability of advancing beyond a super¬
visory position over a small group. Work in the Service Department
is hard and irregular.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- Boys usually start-, as messengers; girls in training
for operator; fields overcrowded at present.
B.To Progress- Efficient telegrapher in service follows in line for
automatic promotion when vacancies occur.
THE TELEPHONE WORKER
NATURE OP WORK '
A.Telephony is the science of transmitting and receiving sound waves
over wires which are connected at each end to a receiving and
transmitting apparatus, called telephone,
B,Telephone worker- any person engaged in the installation,
maintenance or traffic service connected with the telephone,
KINDS OP WORKERS
1,Commercial Department- Responsible for expansion of telephone
service; notifies plant department to make arrangements for
installations; collects amounts charged for services and adjusts
difficulties that may occur; prepares and distributes the direct¬
ories; solicits and collects for advertisements appearing in the
directories. This department engages the following workers:
counter clerk, (who meets the public, accepts new business, makes
arrangements for moving or disconnecting telephones, etc#) «<*llectf
ion clerks, contract file clerks, stub and toll clerks, final bill
clerks; nickel collectors, district commercial agent, commercial
engineer, and manager,
2,Plant Department- Branches out into five separate sections -
(a) Assignment section- Clerk receives copies of applications
for service; girls do clerical work; men study plant facilities
and arrange to provide the added service,
(b) Construction section- Has different types of crews to d« all
the work necessary to connect the subscribers telephone to the
exchange, such as (a) underground construction crew; (b) crew
to set, relocate, or remove poles; (c) cable orew.
(c) Installation section- Employs installers and helpers to install
telephones in residences and business houses,
(d) Cable splicers' section- Splicers and helpers work underground,
in manholes; connect new cables, repair damages, etc,
(e) Maintenance section- Concerned with the job of keeping all the
telephone equipment in good working order: workers are:
switchboard frameman, power man, test man, light-repair orews,
inspectors, supervisors,
3,Traffic Department- Concerned with giving service to the users of
telephone; operates most of the actual telephone equipment. Staff
is mainly composed of women known as telephone operators,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Minimum age- 18 years. Normal health and physical fitness
good judgment, courtesy; plant department workers must be strong,
willing to be outdoors in all sorts of weather; able to climb poles
houses; work in ditches, manholes,
B,Educational- Training and educational requirements depend on the
job desired. Only a few jobs are available for those with an
eighth grade education. Technical jobs and most office positions
require at least a high school or trade school education.
ADVANTAGES- Industry offers indoor work as well as outdoor; work is
steady all year round; vacations with pay, based on length of
service; liberal disability benefits; good working conditions and
opportunity for advancement,
DISADVANTAGES- Maintenance work goes on day and night; climbing roofs
poles; working in underground may cause accidents,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- No formal apprenticeship; positions are obtained by
applying at the employment office, or at the various department
offices. Girls start as student operators in the traffic depart¬
ment; boys, as helpers in plant department, or nickel collectors
in the commercial department,
B.To Progress- Opportunities are given to learn the work above «wn
job in all departments. Progress depends upon the conscientiousnes
of the individual and on his efforts to secure"the necessary
training during spare time for the job in view.
TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
NATURE OF WORK
A. 'Textile manufacturing is the process of preparing cotton, .rayon,
wool, silk or other yarn and, through various steps, weaving it'
into cloth.
Bf A textile worker is one who is engaged in the manufacture of cloth,
C, Kinds of textile factories
1, cotton mills - manufacture fabrics from c<btton .
2, Woolen mills - manufacture all types of woolen fabrics,
3, Silk mills - produce satins and other varieties of silk cloth,
D, Departments in a textile mill
1, Winding - Section where the yarn is transferred from skeins onto
spools,
2, Spooling - The transfer of yarn from spools to bobbins,
3, Warping - The winding of warps from a rack of spools onto a beam,
4, Harnessing - Section where the thrco.ds at the end of warps are
are arranged singly or in groups and drawn in through the frame
wires,
5, Weaving - Section where warps are finally woven into cloth.
6, Cloth room - Section where cloth is inspected, measured, rolled
and packed ready for shipment,
KIND OF WORKERS
L. Winders - Tend the winding machines that fill the spools,
2, Spoolers - Tend the spooling machines that fill the bobbins,
3, Creolers - Set up spools on racks, facing warping machines, re¬
placing them as fast as they run out,
4, Warpers - Stand beside "Ferris Wheel" machines and see that ne
tnreads are crossed or broken as the warp is being made,
5, Weavers - Orer|te weaving looms that weave the cloth.
6, Loom-fixer -^H ghly skilled mechanic; keeps 20 to 40 looms in
his section of"the weaving room in running condition; attaches
new warps tq, the loom and weaves the first few stitches to see
that the machine runs properly,
7, Cloth measubors - Measure cloth by machine,
8, Packers - R$1I cloth by machine, ready for shipment.
9, Second-nand v- Assistant to foreman; inspects cloth while in
process of wlrving; checks all material and progress of operatiop,
QUALIFICATIONS
A, General - minimum age - 17 years; physical fitness; good eyesight,
B, Educational
1. M st workers (excluding supervisors) are not required to have
a&y specific educational training. However, academic schooling
is an aid to success.
2. Training in a vocational school extremely helpful,
3. Supervisory positions call for high school graduates.
ADVANTAGES- steady employment; regular hours; chance to learn qualities
of fabrics and' gain the experience essential for those who wish to
become textile salesmen or buyers.
DISADVANTAGES - monotonous work done under condition of deafening'noise;
workers must stand all day; dust, particularly in cotton mills, may
cause injuries to eyes and lungs; wages are often a problem .
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To enter - there are few textile mills in New York City; elsewhere,
in textile centers, thereis an abundance of skilled workers;
occasionally apprentices are hired,
B. To progress - beginners are given opportunity to learn weaving;
expert workmen rise to loom-fixer or section supervisor; with
sufficient capital one may open his own small mill- that happens
rarely, however.
TUTSI'I TBI AITD ROOFER
NATURE OF WORK
A. Tinsmithing and roofing comprises the manufacture and repair
of tinware and the laying of the outer •covering on the sur¬
faces of the roofs.
B. A tinsmith is one who is engaged in the installation, manu¬
facture or repair of articles made out of tin, A roofer is
one who is engaged in the installation or repair of roof
surfaces,
C. Fields of Work
1. In "building - layinr of roofs; construction and installa¬
tion of skylights, rain spouts, cornices, gutters, etc.
2. In industry
a. Manufacturing - producing various articles for kitchen,
farm, buildings; as pans, pails, drain -pines,etc.
b. Bench and repair work - general repairs of thin metal
utensils and other articles. The work involves the
skillful use of soldering coppers and blow terch.
This work is usually done in small local shops.
KINDS OF WORKERS
1. Apprentice - does odd jobs around shop; helps journeyman;
learns trade while serving a five year training period.
2. Journeyman - a mechanic of all around skill, able to do
any phase of tinsmith work or roofing.
3. Layout Man - develops patterns, makes drawings of work
to be done.
QUALE I CATIONS
A. General
1. Beginners usually between 18-21 years of age, able-bodied
and in good health.
2. Aptitude for figures and drawing; liking for handling of
tools a^d machinery.
3. Industrious and mentally alert.
B. Educational
1. No less than a grammar school education with an indepen¬
dent study of sheet metal drafting and layout; -preferably
trade school or technical high school.
2. Befinners should attend special classes in sheet metal
• work for duration of apprenticeship period.
ADVANTAGES
A. Wages (fairly high) and hours regulated by union; trade 85$
unionized.
B. The work is constructive and tending to increase in importance,
DISADVANTAGES
A. Work is seasonal - averaging about eirht months work during
the year.
B. Building work is often done under poor weather conditions.
C. Factory workers are in the midst of great noise, gaseous at¬
mosphere, and infectious air.
OPPORTUNITIES
A. To Enter
1. There are openings for apprentices at present-the first
time in five years.
2. All apprenticeship appointments have to be acceptable to
the union of tinsmith workers.
B. To Progress
1. A definite series of progressions for the apprentice
with a proportionate increase in pay.
2. An opportunity for obtaining a steady high paying fore¬
man j ob,
3. An opportunity for the mechanic to enter business for
himself,
THE TOOL AND DIEi.lAREK
NATURE OF WORK
A.Tool and diemaking is the conctruction of parts for metal working
machines.
B.The tool and diemaker is an export machinist who designs and
constructs new devices which aid in cutting or stamping out new
forms of metal articles.
C.Functions
1.Contrives and constructs jigs, fixtures, dies and special tools
for metal working machines like planer, lathe, milling machine,
drop forge, etc.
2.Devises and builds new machine parts for individual jobs.
3.Tempers steel by treating with heat.
4.Operates all lighter machines in shop.
5.Uses hand tools in chipping, filing, scraping, and fitting parts
of a job.
D.Fields of work
1.Metal working industry - machine shops.
KINDS OF WORKERS
...Apprentice- assisting machinist or tool and diemaker.
E.Journeyman- all-round machinist. Knows all types of machines and
tools - how to construct, operate and repair them.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General
1.Strength, good eyesight; steady nerves; thoroughness and
accuracy; mechanical and mathematical inclinations; manual
dexterity.
B.Special
1.Knowledge of and skj.ll In mathematics and mechanical drawing.
2.Intensive shop experience - must have all the knowledge of the
machinist,
3.Must know qualities and uses of metals.
C.Educational
l.No arbitrary educational requirements, but complete vocational
and technical education important advantage for entrance and
progress.
2.Should know speeds, feeds and gears, involving algebra, geometry
graphs, and formulas.
ADVANTAGES
1.Tool and diemaker enjoys steadier work than almost any other
metal trades worker.
2.When business drops, tcol and diemaker, because of all-round
mechanical ability and greater knowledge, is last to be dismiss
3.Hours of work-average. Salaries - fair; most snops pay extra
for overtime.
4.Work interesting - creative end of metal work.
5.Machine shops usually well-lighted and ventilated.
DISADVANTAGES
l.In some shops, roar of machines strains eardrums and nerves.
2.Eyestrain from exacting work.
3.Temperatures sometimes unbearably high - as in heating steel.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
l.Fair possibilities for start as apprentice.
B.To Progress
1.Steps in promotion range from (a) apprentice to machinist; (b)
machinist or apprentice to tool and diemaker; (c) to journeyman,
essistart foreman, foreman.
2.Since the really capable, creative tool and diemaker is so im¬
portant to industry, there Is a possibility for man with proper
personality, training and ability to rise to executive position.
THE TRAFFIC MANAGER
NATURE OF WORK
A. Traffic management is the supervision of the shipment of goods,
transport of people, purchase or sale of transportation services,
B. A traffic manager is one v/hose duty it is to see that products are
moved from one place to another in the quickest, cheapest, safest
and most convenient way,
C. Functions of Traffic Management
1,Packing- the selection of economical containers to carry freight,
so that they are least expensive and most secure.
2,Protection- precaution and insurance against loss, theft, etc,
5,Routing- selection of route and proper means of conveyance,
4,Shipping- loading of conveyance and transport of goods.
5.Adjustment- adjustment of loss and damage claims, tracing of
delayed shipments, settlement of rate disputes, etc.
D. Fields of work
1.Shippers- those who send goodrs.
Industry- traffic management in large manufacturing plants,
womcierce- wholesale or retail stores, jobbing houses, mercan¬
tile and marketing houses.
bvernment- management of traffic for the government proper;
assistance in traffic to business organisations; regulatory
body in interstate traffic.
2,Carriers- those who transport goods.
(a)Railroads, steamship lines, airways, trucks, etc.
KINDS OF WORKLRS
A. In clerical division
1,Service and cost clerk- handles service and cost.
2,Rate clerk- supplies information regarding transportation rates,
3.Claim clerk- keeps record of claims and makes adjustment,
ij. In physical division.
1,Packer- packs goods securely in barrels, boxes, cartons and drums;
must know in what form to pack various commodities.
2,Shipping and receiving clerk- sends or receives shipped goods,
3,Supervisor oi shipping or receiving department.
C. Traffic Manager- supervises transportation of goods.
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- Keen and analytical mind;' unusual executive ability, sound
judgment with a capacity and willingness to meet new problems daily;
understanding of business methods.
B.Educational- High School essential; College extremely helpful.
Courses in Traffic Management, Commercial Law, and general business
vsubjects advisable. Knowledge of rates and tariffs, commercial
customs and conditions throughout the world, railroads in general and
government regulations applying to railroads. oeverSl years experi¬
ence in the minor phases of traffic management.
ADVANTaGEo- jobs fairly steady; substantial remuneration; the work is
interesting and varied.
DISADVaNTaGc-j- Long period of routine work while learning the many
phases of traffic management; high pressure activity often proves
strenuous. Long lours of work are often necessary.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Field growing rapidly; trained workers in demand.
2,Best to ctc-rt in one of positions of shipping or receiving depart¬
ment, or in manor position of railroad lines.
B.To Progress
1,Those with training and experience will be first to get supervisory
jobs.
2,Increases in pay usually accompany promotion.
Z.Traffic Manager qualifies for high executive position in other
fields.
THE VETERINARIAN
NATURE OF WORK
A.Veterinary medicine is the science of animal diseases.
3,The veterinarian is concerned with the prevention and cure of
diseases and injuries common to animals and fowl,
C.Functions
1.Disease prevention- Supervision of hygienic conditions (housing
and feeding facilities); prescribing proper diets and rations;
research into causes of disease as well as possibilities for
their elimination (discovery and production of serums); serum
inoculations; parasite control and elimination,
2.Treatment:- Medical and surgical treatment, including dentistry.
Animal surgery consists chiefly of castration, wound lancing,
tumor removal. Dental work confined mainly to extractions but
beginning to include teeth alignment and filling. Segregation
and quarantine of diseased animals.
3.Miscellaneous:- Milk and meat inspection; obstetrics, etc,
D.Fields of work
1.Private practice- general service on fee basis,
2.Private employ- working for milk companies and for large breeding
and live stock enterprises on retainer basis.:
3.Civil Service- in research laboratories and veterinary departments
of government, i.e. - Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Department of
Agriculture.
4.Public Service- veterinary hospitals.
5.Army- caring for cavalry horses.
6.State Universities- teaching phases of veterinary curriculum.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Hospital Attendant- does routine veterinary hospital work -
injections, bleeding; assists in operations, etc.
B.General Practitioner- usually an "all around" veterinarian in own
practice, or private employ.
C.Research Specialist- bacteriologist, pathologist, etc.
Engage in, or direct, research projects to determine disease causes
and discover cures (serums). Usually in government employ,
D.Inspector- examines meat, milk, live stock and their hygienic
conditions to prevent contagion and sale of contaminated food,
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- l.Deep medical and scientific interests and aptitudes.
Love for animals; observant; healthy, strong; steady hand and nerves.
B.Educational- High School training emphasizing study of natural
sciences; University degree in veterinary science (courses range
from 3-6 yrs.), including Comparative Anatomy, Physiology,
Embryology, etc. State license to practice.
ADVANTAGES- Salaries dependable and fairly high. Work of great
scientific importance as well as of inestimable value to society,
DISADVANTAGES- l.Work very strenuous. 2.Working conditions frequently
unpleasant.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter- 1. Only twelve state universities offer complete courses
and degree, but training is readily available and usually free or
very moderately priced. The field is wide open and absorbs all
qualified graduates. The U.S. Bureau of Animal Industry alone
requires 130 new men each year - a quota rarely filled. There's
a marked need for young men in the profession. Average age of
practicing veterinarians well above 40 - foreshadowing additional
large number of openings in near future.
B.To Progress- 1. Large, well-paying private practices can be de¬
veloped within remarkably short time. 2. In government employ,
Civil Service Examinations key to increasingly responsible
administrative posts.
THE WELDER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Welding is the fusing of two metal parts into a whole, by means of
electricity, gas or oxyacetylene.
B.A welder is one who operates any of the machines or torches used
"in the welding of metals.
G.Fields of work and functions of welders
1.Manufacturing plants- welders are employed in many kinds of plants
where metal products are made.
(a)Foundries- welders repair defects in castings and cut off
rough pieces of metal that cling to unfinished castings.
(b)Automobile plants and plants that manufacture parts for auto¬
mobiles- welders join metal parts; sometimes cut metal with
powerful torch.
(c)R§iilroad- car building and railroad repair shops; ship-build¬
ing plants and plants that manufacture machinery of all kinds;
welders may work in any of these fields.
2.Repair shops- small shops; usually owned by individuals; do largely
repair work.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Flue welder- makes tubes for locomotives and boilers; welds, puts
new ends on boiler tubes and flues.
B.Electric arc welder hand- welds tanks, general plate metal by means
of electric heat.
C.Electric spot welder hand- welds metal furniture and sheet metal
products; should know electric wiring to keep welding device in
order.
D.Gas welder hand- welds by means of gas torch.
E.Solderer and brazer- unites parts by soldering them together, using
gas or acetylene torch; highly skilled.
F.Clipper- chips away surplus metal after welding,
G.Acetylene gas compressor operator- operates motor that forces gas
to high pressure. v
QUALIFICATIONS
A.General- eighteen years- minimum age; strong, robust physique; good
eyesight and good hearing; mental alertness and caution; familiarity
with equipment used.
B.Educational- welder should have at least a common school education; ..
■ should have some applied knowledge of physics and chemistry; it is
advisable that he know how to read blue prints and know something
about the properties of different metals and how they react to
different degrees of heat.
ADVANTAGES
A.Welding is a comparatively new development, hence there is the
possibility of its future growth.
B.Pay is fair.
C.A welder may find work in almost any of the metal trades.
DISADVANTAGES
A.Hard work amid noisy surroundings,
B.The work is injurious to the eyes which must be protected with
goggles.
C.Workers often wear gloves and heavy rubber aprons to protect them
against the powerful torches and the intense heat,
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Beginners may start as helpers to experienced welders.
2.Apprentices gain experience on the job,
3.Jobs in the trade depend on the amount of activity in the metal
trades,
B,To Progress
1.A highly skillful welder may be paid above the average wage.
2.There*s the opportunity" of becoming a foreman, or of going into
own business.
THE wtiOijESALE MLROHaNT
NATORL OF WORK
A,Wholesale lierehandising is the buying and selling of goods in large
quantities.
B,a wholesale Merchant is one who purchases coranoaities from the
producer and sells them to the retailer.
C,Fields of work
"-.Produce markets- where large quantities of foodstuffs are sold.
^.Manufacturing- large scale distribution of manufactured goods.
3.Jobber- intermediary between producer and retailer.
4,Import and Export- sale of domestic goods abroad or foreign
merchandise here.
KINDS OF WORKERS
A.Office- clerks, cashiers, bookkeepers, accountants, office machine
operators, typists, stenographers, secretaries, supervisors,
office manager.
B.Stock and Warehouse- Labe'lers (food and grocery;, cutters (paper
trade), markers, checkers, inspectors (drug trade), stock receivers
and maintenance men.
C.Selling
1,Inside salesman- sells to incoming buyers.
2.Traveling salesman- travels about country, contacts retail
independent, chain or department store buyers and sells them
his line of products.
3.Sales manager- supervises sales force.
D.Packing and Shipping- packers, checkers, unloaders, deliverers and
truckers, parcel post shippers, routers, traffic manager.
' E,Management
1,Buyer- buys stock and supervises sales.
2.Departmental managers- credit, personnel, stock.
3.Superintendent- building, stoci-:, warehouse.
4.General Manager- administers all activities of wholesale
merchandising firm.
QUALIFICATIONS
A,General
1,Experience in the line of merchandise sold,
a.skill in handling large quantities of goods,
c.salesman must be good talker; pleasant and congenial.
B.Educational
l.ln stock, warehouse," packing and shipping departments, a common
school education is sufficient, although high school is highly
desirable.
2.Office workers must have their special qualifications.
3.In selling and management High School essential, College
preferable. Courses in merchandising helpful.
ADVANTAGES- Employment fairly regular; skilled workers are well paid;
good chances of advancement.
DISADVANTAGES- Packers, shippers, etc., handle heavy loads; much of
the work is of a routine nature; starting salary is usually low.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter
1.Labor turnover large; new help often in demand.
2.Beginners most frequently start in one of the lower positions.
3.Most qualified have best opportunity to enter.
B.To Progress
1.Pronation through the ranks.
2.Capable youth may be placed on the sales force.
3.successful salesmen may be promoted to buyer or one of the
Muui gerial positions.
THE WOODWORKER
NATURE OF WORK
A.Woodworking is the art of designing and constructing furniture,
B.The woodworker is one who is engaged in the production of any spe¬
cialty of fine woodwork,
C.FieIds of work
1,Factory work- specializing standardized manufacture of home
or office furniture; radio cabinets; pianos, violins, clarhets;
toys; cases for delicate instruments; patterns, panels, etc,
2,Furniture repair shop- replace broken furniture parts or repair
second hand furniture.
3,Cabinet maker's shop- usually an independent shop where the
individual may bring a piece of woodwork for repair or order a
new niece of furniture to suit his taste and needs,
KINDS OF WORKERS
1.Apprentice- one who has acquired his initial knowledge in a
technical high school where he has learned to create from
specifications, and starts working in a shop as an apprentice.
2.Machine Operator- runs machine which rapidly turns wood into
parts of any kind of furniture,
3.General Machine Woodworker - runs any type of machine; saws,
planers, jointers, edgers, molders, lathes, etc.
4.Bench hand- glues, nails, screws together mill made furniture
parts, instrument cases, etc.; has thorough knowledge of the
qualities of wood and is highly skilled in finish work.
5.Cabinet maker-lays out work from drawings; makes fine wooden
parts of furniture, instrument cases, etc.; highly skilled
worker; expert on types and qualities of wood.
6.Instrument Maker- constructs musical instruments such as pianos,
organs, violins, clarinets, etc. Understands seasoning of woods,
resonance, the tension of strings, mechanical drawing, varnishing.
7.Foreman- has charge of production; responsible for maintenance of
expensive machinery and materials.
8.The Woodwork Draftsman- ohe who makes drawings, tracings, blue
prints of woodwork products; makes out bill of materials, draws
up specificaibio-ns,etc,
9.Patternmaker- makes wooden patterns into which molten metal is
poured in making castings; must have the training of draftsman
plus practical woodworking experience.
10.Furniture Designer- artist concerned with working out new
furniture designs which are both artistic and practical; under¬
stands decoration, color harmonies, types of finish, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS:
A.General- At least 18 years of age; normally developed, healthy,
and good eyesight. Ability to think along the lines of construc¬
tion work; handy with tools, artistic taste for wooden objects.
B.Educational- A technical high school course is essential with
emphasis in drafting and shop work. College course required for
engineering positions as draftsman or designer.
ADVANTAGES- Not seasonal; highly skilled work; fairly clean and
remunerative; affords opportunity for artistic expression.
DISADVANTAGES- Woodworking in factories is much standardized, follow¬
ing the division of labor system; long apprenticeship before one
qualifies as a journeyman cabinet maker; work in the shop is
generally noisy, and air is filled with sawdust.
OPPORTUNITIES
A.To Enter-Furniture factories, cabinet makers often place appren¬
tices who have taken the woodworking course in a trade or technical
'high school.
B.To Progress
1.May open own busihess.
2.Rise to position of foreman or superintendent of production.
1, IKDIVIDU.J* OCCUF .TIOSLJU
"OmiHES AMD fCTWJPRS.
A. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. BOARD OF EDUC¬
ATION. Vocational Bulletins. The
Board, 1926-.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Accountant, Architect, Autorfiobile
Mechanic, Aviator, Carpenter, Chemist
Commercial Artist, Dentist, Dietician
Draftsman, Dressmaker and Seamstress,
Electrical Engineer, Electrician,
Interior Decorator, Journalist, Law¬
yer, Librarian, Machinist, Mason,
Me.rViani r a 1 F.ncn napt . T\AisiV a e a
B. CHICAGO. BQaRD OF EDUCATION.
Trade Bulletins. The Board, 1924-.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Accountant, Actor, Advertising,
Architect, Automobile Mechanic, Avia¬
tor, Beautician, Bookbinder, Chemist,
Civil Service Workers, Commercial
Artist, Compositor, Dentist, Dieticia:
Draftsman, Dressmaker and Seamstress,
Electrician, Exporting Trades, Foreig:
Trade Service, Interior Decorator,
Journalist, Lawyer, Librarian, Mach-
ist, Nurse, Patternmaker, Pharmacist,
Photoengraving and Lithography,
Photographer, Physician, Policeman,
pressman, Radio Repairman, Salesman,
Social Worker, Sterotyper and Electro
typer* Teacher, Window Trimmer.
Careers
r ore
Work as ... ? -
Insurance, Interior Decorator, mvcoo
ment Banker, Journalist, Landscape
Architect, Lawyer, Librarian, Mechani¬
cal Engineer, Music as a Career, Nurse
Optometrist and Optician, Osteopath,
Personnel Worker, Pharmacist, Photo¬
grapher, Physician, Printer, Recreat¬
ion Leadership, Salesman, Social Work¬
er, Statietici .n, Wholesale and Retail
Merc hants.
D. PITTSBURGH. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE.
Occupation?,.! Studies. Monograph -
Series. The Dept., 1925-.
Following occupations are inclua
ed: Accountant, Baker, Beautician,
Confectionary Industry, Dentist,
Department Store Salesperson,
Draftsman, Librarian, Machinist,
Manicurist, Nurse, Office Clerk,
Painter, Patternmaker, Printer, Rad
Advertiser, Sheet-Metal Worker,
Social Worker, Structural Iron¬
worker, Teacher,
GREENLEAF, WALTER J. Guidance
Leaflets. (U» 3. Office of Educa¬
tion) Govt. Print. ®ff., 1931-.
Following occupations are includ
ed: Architect, Artist, Dentist, *'
lectrical Engineer, Journalist,
awyer, Librarian, Mechanical Eng*-
ineer, Music as a Career, Nurse, '
Osteopath, Pharmacist, Physician,!
Veterinarian.
MINNEAPOLIS. BOARD OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF COUNSELING. Occupa*-
.rtional Bulletins, Vocational Train¬
ing Series; (and; Occupational
;r|Studies . The Degpt., 1927-.
Following occupationsaare includ
ed: Architect, Automobile Mechanic,
Beautician, Calculating Machine
Operator, Commercial Artist, Dental
Hygienist and Assistant, Department
Store Worker, Dressmaker and Seam-
tress, Electrician, Instrumental
Musician Knit Goods Industry Workei
Machinist, Physician's Assistantj,
Pre-School and Kindergarten Teacher
Printer, Tailor, Telegraph Operator
Telephone Operator.
n
«
. OAKLAND, CALIF. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Opportunities Monograph Series. Tt
Schools, 1928.
Following occupations are incluc
ed: Automobile Body Repair Man,
automobile Electrician, Automobile-
Machinist, Automobile Repair Trade
Automobile Painter, Automobile Triri
mer, Automobile Tire Repairman,
Bricklayer, Carpenter, Electric Arc
Welding, Oxygen-Acetylene', Welding.
Painter and Decorator, Plumber,
Radio Repairman, Radio Telegrapher,
Sheet-Metal Worker, Specialty Weld¬
ing, Welding as a Trade.
SECTION II. BOOKS COVERING I.ANY AND
VARIED OCCUPATIONS.
1- BENNETT, GUY V. and OLDER,F.E.eds.1
Occupational Orientation. (Occupat¬
ional Relations Series) Soc. for Occ¬
upational Research, Univ. of South¬
ern Calif .151 1931.
Following occupations are included
Accountant, Acoustical Engineer,Actor
advertising, Aeronautical Engineer,
.iir Conditioning, architect,Artist,
Author, Automobile Electrician, Avi¬
ator, baker, Band Leader, Banker,
bookbinder, bookkeeper, Buyer,Chain
Store Operator, Chemical Engineer,
Chemist, Circulation Manager, Civil
Engineer, College and University
Teacher, Commercial Artist, Composit¬
or, Copy Writer, Costume Designer,
Dentist, Dietician, Diplomat, Drafts¬
man, Electrical Draftsman, Electrical
Engineer, Electrochemist, Editor,
Feature Writer and Columnist, Geo¬
logical Work as .a Career, Government
Service Aviator, Group Social Worker,
Hotel Management, Instrumental Music¬
ian, Insurance, Interior Decorator,
Journalist, Landscape architect, Law¬
yer, Librarian, Mechanical Engineer,
Motion Picture Worker, Music as a
Career, Music Conductor, Nurse, Opt¬
ometrist and Optician, Organist,
Patternmaker, Personnel V/orker,Pharm¬
acist, Photographer, Physician, Phys¬
iotherapist, Policeman, Pre-School
and Kindergarten Teacher, Printer,
Printing Supervisor, Proof Reader,
Public Health Nurse, Public Health
Officer, Radio Engineer, Salesman,
School Librarian, Secretarial "Worker,
Singer, Social Secretary, Social
Worker, Statistician, Teacher,Textile
Manufacturing, Traffic Manager, Vet¬
erinarian, Wholesale and Retail
Merchants, 'Woodworker, Woodworking
and Furniture Draftsman.
2. BERNiiYS, EDWARD L., ed. An Outline
of Careers ; a Practical Guide to
Achievement, by Thirty-eight Eminent
.•meriEans. New ed. Doubleday, 1931.
Following occupations are included
Accountant, Actor", Advertising,Arch¬
itect, Artist, Author, banker, Civil
Service Workers, Department Store
Worker, Editor, Exporting Trades,
Foreign Trade Service, Insurance,
Journalist, Motion Picture Worker,
Music as a Career, Physician,Printer,
Teacher, Textile Manufacturing,
3. COOLEY, ROBERT L. and others.
My Life Work. McGraw-Hill,1930.
Following occupations are in¬
cluded: accountantAdjustment
Clerk, automobile Electrician, Auv
tomobile Industry, Automobile Mec¬
hanic , Automobile Painter and
Trimmer, baker, Boilermaker,Book¬
binder, bookkeeper, bundler and
Wrapper, buyer, Carpenter, Compo¬
sitor, Confectionary Industry,
Department Store Worker, Electric*
ian, Floor Manager, Hosiery Indus*
try, Machinist, Mason, Office
Clerk, Patternmaker, Photoengrav¬
ing and Lithography, Plumber,
Printer, Pressman, Proof Reader,
Salesman, Secretarial Worker,
Sheet Metal Worker, Shoe Industry,
Stereotyper and Slectrotyper,
Stock Worker, Telegraph Worker,
Telephone Worker, Tool and Die-
maker, Welder, Wholesale and Ret¬
ail Merchants.
4. COTTLER,JOSEPH and BRECHT,HAROLD
Careers Aieadt Little, 1933.
Following occupations are in¬
cluded: xvc count ant. Advertising,
Architect, Automobile Mechanic,
automobile body Repairmen,Auto¬
mobile Trades, Buyer, Cabinet
Maker, Carpenter, Chemist, Civil ■
Engineer, Compositor, Costume
Designer, Dentist, Department
Store Worker, Dietician, Draftsman,
Dressmaker end Seamstress, Elect*
rical Engineer, Electrician, Intr
erior Decorator, Journalist,Law-r.
yer, Librarian, Machinist, Mason,
Mechanical Engineer,Millinery Ind¬
ustry, Music as a Career, Nurse,;
Office Clerk, Painter, Pattern- *
maker, Pharmacist, Photoengraving
and Lithography, Photographer,
Physician, Plumber, Pressman,
Printer, Radio, Salesman, Secret¬
arial Worker, Telephone Operator,
Veterinarian, Wholesale and Retail-
Merchants , Woodworker.
5. FLEISCHMAN, DORIS E. ed. ,*n
Outline of Careers for Women; a
Practical Guide to .ichievement.
New ed. Doubleday, 1935.
Following occupations are in¬
cluded: accountant, Actor,advert¬
ising, Architect, .\rtist, author,
banker, Buyer, Chemist, Child Wei-
Fare 'Worker,Civil Engineer, Comm¬
ercial Artist, Costume Designer,
5. Cent,.
Department Storv
..■orker, Dietician,
Diplomat, Dramatic art, Suitor,
exporting
Insuranc
2 ?
Trades, Floor Manager,
Interior Decorator, Jour-*
nalist, Lawyer, Librarian,Lotion
Picture Worker, Nurse; Office Clerk.
Personnel Worker, Physician; Radio;
Restaurant Manager, Salesman, Secret¬
arial ..orker, Singer, Social ..'orker.
Stylist, Teacher, Wholesale and
Retail Merchants*
6. Gii.LLrj.GHER, RaLPH P. Courses and
Careers. Harper, 1030.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: accountant, actor, advertising,
.architect, aviator, Banker
keeper, Carpenter, Chain
, Book-
Store
Geological work as a Career, Hair-*
dresser, Hotel Management, Insuranc
Interior Decorator, Investment
Banker, Journalist, Landscape
architect,Lawyer, Librarian, Man¬
icurist, Millinery Industry, Motion
Picture Worker, Music as a Career,
Nurse, Personnel V,orker, Pharmacist
Photographer, Physician, Physio¬
therapist, Printer, Radio, Rest¬
aurant ,Manager, Salesman, Sales¬
person, Secretarial AVorker, Sociai
Worker, Stock Worker, Teacher,
Telegr.ph Operator, Telephone
Operator.
PEIRCS, ADAH. Vocations for
Women. Macmillan, 1932.
Following occupations are includ-
Operator, Chemical Engineer, Chemicaled: accout&nt, advertising, ^rtis.t,
Tirt/^11 r* 4- -vn r i:\i /*> v* !*■ . m /""l -J - r 4 "1 r* _ _ • _ _ :» * _ ... _ . — - '
Civil Service Work-
Collections, Dent-
Industry Worker
ers, Credits and
ist, DepartmentStore Worker, Garment
Industry, Insurance, Journalist,
Lawyer, Mason, Music as a Career,
Nurse, Painter, Pharmacist, Photo¬
grapher, Physician, Plumber, Printer
Salesman, Secretarial Worker, Shoe
Industry, SocialWorker•
7. HILL, HOWARD C. comp. Readings
in Vocational Life. Ginn, 1930.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Accountant, Actor, Advertising,
architect, Aviator, Banker, Buyer,
Cabinet Maker, Civil Service Workers,
Consul, Costume Designer, Dentist,
Department Store Worker, Diplomat,
Editor, Fitter, Floor Managerpdrr.cnta
Industry, Lawyer, Libearian, Mach¬
inist, Music as a Career, Nurse,
Office Clerk, Pharm.acist, Physician,
Policeman, Salesman, Secretarial
Worker, Stereotyper and Electrotyper.
Stock Worker, Surveyor, Teacher,
Telephone "Worker,
"welder, Wholesale
ants, Woodwork~r.
Tool and Diemaker,
and Retail Merch-
8. HOERLE, HELEN C. Tho Girl and
Her Future. Smith and Haas, 1932.
Following occupations art includ¬
ed: Accountant, Actor, Advertising,
Architect, artist, Author, aviator,
Banker, Eeautician, Bookbinder,
Buyer, Chain Store Operator, Chemist,
Composer, Costume Desinger, Dentist,
Department Store Executive, Depart¬
ment Store Worker, Department Store
Store Training
Dressmaker and
Shopper, Department
Director,Dietician,
Seamstress, Exporting Trades, FlorisL]B-nker, Chemist, Civil Service
author, Banker, Biologist, Book¬
keeper, Buyer, Chemist, Civil
Service Workers, Costume Designer,
Dentist, Department Store Worker,
geological Work as a Career,
insurance r Lawyer, Librarian,
Mlusic as a Career, Nurse, Office
Dlerk, Personnel Worker, Pharmacist
Physician, . Psychologist, Secret-:
arial Worker, Social Worker,
Teacher, Telephone Operator.
10. R03ENGARTEN, WILLI.xM. Choos¬
ing Your Life Work. 3d.ed.
McGraw-Hill, 1936.
Following occupations are includ
ed:Accountant, Actor, Advertising,
architect, Artist, author, nuto-;
mobile Mechanic, Aviator, Bookbihde
Buyer, Chemist, Civil Engineer,Dent
Department Store Executive, Drafts¬
man, Electrical Engineer, Electrici
Elementary School Teacher, Insuring
Interior Decorator, Journalist,
Music as a Career, Office Clerk, W
Optometrist and Optician, Painter,'-
Personnel Worker, Pharmacist,
Physician, Plumber, Reporter, Sales
Manager, Salesperson, Secretarial,W
Worker, Surveyor, Teacher, Telegrap
Operator, Traffic Manager, Typist'p
Veterinarian, Wholesale and Retail,
Merchants, Woodworker, Civil Servic
Workers.
11. YALE UNIVERSITY. DSP.vRTMENT
OF PERSONNEL STUDY. The Choice of
an Occupation; ed. by albert Beeche
Crawford and Stuart Holmes Clement.
ed. The Dept., 1332.
Following occupations arc includ
ed: Accountant, architect, Aviator,
.11. Cont.
Workers, College and University Tea¬
cher, Department Store Executive,
Diplomat, Editor, Electrical Engineer
Exporting Trades, Geological Work as
a Career, Hotel Management, Insurance
Journalist, Lawyer, Librarian, Mech¬
anical Engineer, Personnel Worker,
Physician, Printing Supervisor,Public
Health Nurse, Public Health Officer,
Purchasing Agent, Radio Engineer,
Salesman, Secondary School Teacher,
Traffic Manager, Wholesale and Retail
Merchants, ^Pharmac ist.
12. FILSNE, CaTHARINS. ed. Careers
for Women; New Ideas, New Methods,
New Opportunitys-to Fit a New World.
Houghton, 1934, Rev.ed.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Advertising, Aeronautical Eng¬
ineer, Air Hostess, Architect,Author,
Baker, Business and Special Librarian
Chemical Engineer, Chemist, Childrens
Librarian, Child Welfare Worker,Civil
Service Workers, Commercial Artist.,
Consul, Composer, Copyreader, Copy
Writer, Costume Designer, Dentist,
Department Store Executive, Depart¬
ment Store Training Director, Depart¬
ment Store Worker, Dietician,Diplomat
JSditor, Electrical Engineer, Export¬
ing Trades, Feature 'Writer and Col¬
umnist, Floor Manager, Foreign Trade
Service, Group Worker, Hotel Manage¬
ment, Impresario and Concert Manager,
Insurance, Interior Decorator, Jour¬
nalist, Landscape Architect, Lawyer,
Librarian, Medical! Social Work,Motion
Picture Worker, Multigraph Machine
Operator;, Music as a Career, Nurse,
Office Clerk, Optometrist and Opti¬
cian, Personnel Worker, Pharmacist,
Photographer, Policeman, Printer,
psychologist, Public Health Nurse,
Public Health Officer, Radio Advert¬
iser ,,Physician, Radio Announcer,a
Radio Broadcasting Executive, Radio
Engineer, Radio Entertainer, Reporter
Resturant Manager, »Secrttarial Work¬
er, Settlement 'Worker, Singer, Social
Worker, 3-tatistician, stSrii st, Tea¬
cher, Window Trimmer.
13. LA* , MAY R. Vocations in Indust¬
ry; or Professions, Trades and Allied
Occupations. Int. Textbook, 1S2S-32,
3v.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Actor, Advertising, Architect,
Author,Automobile Industry, Automobil<
Mechanic, Batteryman, Boilermaker
Bookbinder, Lundler and Wrapper,
Cabinet Maker, Carpenter,Chemical -
Engineer, Chemical Industry Work¬
er, Chemist, Civil Engineer, Comm¬
ercial .*rt-ist, Commercial Designer
Compositor, Cooper, Confectionary*
Industry, Costume Designer,Cutter,
Draftsman, Dressmaker and Seams- i.-j
tressj Editor, Electrician, Finish¬
er, Fitter, Florist, Garment Indus¬
try, Hosiery Industry, JournalistJ
Lawyer, Life Insurance Agent, Linp-
type Operator, Machinist, Ma.sen,
Mechanical Engineer, Millinery In¬
dustry, Monotype Operator,Painter^
Patternmaker, Photoengraving and ;
Lithography, Plumber, Pressman,
Printer, Printing Supervisor,
Proof Reader, Radio, Radio Manu- <?-
f-acturing Industry, Sheet Metal
Worker, Stereotyper and Electro-
typer, Surveyor, Tailor,Telephone
'Worker, Textile Manufacturing,
Tinsmith and Roofer, Tool and Die-
maker, Typesetter , Welder, Wood
Carver, Woodworker, 'Woodworking
and Furniture Draftsman.
14. CADES, HAZEL R. Jobs for Girls.
Harcourt, 1930.
Following occupations are includ
ed: Architect, Banker, Beautician,
Buyer, Civil Service Workers,Copy
Writer, Dental Hygienist, Editor,
Interior Decorator, Nurse,Printer,
Radio Announcer, Salesperson, Soc¬
ial Worker, Stylist, Wholesale
and Retail Merchants.
15. ZIEGLER, SAMUEL H. and WILDES',
K. (J.) Choosing an Occupation: 1
Vocational Civics. New ed. Wins tern,
1933.
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: architect, Automobile Mechanic,
Banker, Bookkeeper, Buyer, Cabinet
Maker, Carpenter, Civil Engineer,
Civil Service Workers, Commercial
Artist, Dental Hygienist, Drafts¬
man, Electrician, Insurance, In¬
terior Decorator, Lawyer^ Machin¬
ist, Mason, Mechanical Engineer,
Millinery Industry, Nurse,Painter,
Patternmaker, Pharmacist, Photo¬
grapher, Physician, Plumber, Pur¬
chasing Agent, Reporter, Salesman,
Social Worker, Stereotyper and
Slectrdtyper, Teacher, Telegraph
Operator, Typist, Woodworker.
16. RSXFORD, FRaNK '-nci others •
Beyorid the School; a Textbook on
Working and Living. Holt, 1933. v
Following occupations are includ¬
ed: Beautician, Bookkeeper, Civil
Service ..orkers, Dentist, Editor,
Garment Industry, Lawyer, Librarian,
Nurse, Physician, Printer, Steno¬
grapher, Teacher, "
anger, .Telepirop)© Worker, Tv-lcph .nt. ..
„ rk^r, . Typist, Wholesale and Re tail
Merchants.
ACCOUNTANT
SECTION 1- A, 3, C, D.
SECTION II- 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANTS.
Accountancy as a Career for Educated
Men. The Institute, 1927.
KECKMAN, H.M. Standards of Account¬
ing Trainings Accounting Review
8:110+. June 1923.
HURDMAN, CHARLES G. Unrecognized
Opportunities for Public Accountants
in the Municipal Field. Jour, of
Accountancy 57:191-201. Mar. 1934.
MARTIN, I.M. Accounting as a Field
for Colored Men. Jour, of Account¬
ancy 55:112-16. Feb. 1933.
PKIRCE SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA. New
Professions in Business. The School,
1933, p.44-47.
ACOUSTICAL ENGINEER
SECTION 1- C.
SECTION II- 1.
MENGE, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p.17, 64.
ADVERTISING
General.
SECTION 1- B, C.
SECTION II- 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13.
ADVERTISING FEDERATION OF AMERICA.
BUREAU OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
Little Chapters on Advertising. The
Federation, 1932.
AZOY, ANA3TASI0 C.M. A Primer
of Advertising. Harper, 1930.
BROOKE, MRS. ESTHER E. The Girl
and Her Job. Appleton, 1933,
p.112-24.
LOGIE, IONA M.R., ed. Careers iji
the Making, New ed. Harper, 1935
p.183-201.
OGLESBY, CATHARINE. "Business Opp¬
ortunities for Women. Harper,
1932, p.61-75.
ROGERS, CHARLES E. Journalistic
Vocations. Appleton, 1931, p.155-
95.
R. H. MACY <Sc CO., Inc . Fortune
7:23+. Apr. 1933.
RYDER, VIOLET and D0U3T, H.B.
Make Your Own Job. H. W. Wilson,
1933, p.181-83.
WOMAN'S OCCUPATION.EL BUREAU. Ad¬
vertising and Public rlelations as
a Profession, by Florence F. Rowle:
and R. H. Carpenter. The Bureau,
1931.
Copy Writer
SECTION II- 1, 12, 14.
Radio advertiser
SECTION 1 - D.
SECTION II - 12,
APPRAISAL: Radio Advertising To¬
day Fortune 6:37+. Sept. 1932.
Window Trimmer
SECTION 1 - B.
SECTION 11-12.
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER
SECTION II - 1, 12.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS.
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print. 1S33, p.173-79,
180-89.
KLEMIN, ALEXANDER. Aeronautical
Engineering as a Vocation. N. Y.
State Educ« Dept., 193G.
AIR CONDITIONING
SECTION II - 1.
HOLBROOK, HAROLD L. and McGREGOR,*.L
Our World of Work, ALlyn, 1929, p.
202-05.
FENGS, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p . 18-j 79.
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.113-26.
ARCHITECT
SECTION 1 - rt, B, C, E, F.
SECTION II- 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,
13, 14, 15.
CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.
Architecture. The Institute, n.d.
CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.
Engineering as a Profession. (Bullet'
in, No.11, Series 25) The Institute,
1930.
FLEISCHM.kN, DORIS E. Women in Busi¬
ness. Ladies Home Jour., 1930.
HOLBROOK, HAROLD and McGREGOR, A.L.
Our World of Work. Allyn, 1929,
p.196-202.
MENGE, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p.100-108.
ARTIST
SECTION 1 - E.
SECTION II - 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10.
FLEISCHMAN, DORIS E. Women in Busi¬
ness. Ladies Home Jour., 1930.
AUTHOR
SECTION II -1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13
BRANDE, MRS. DOROTHEA. Becoming a
Writer. Harcourt, 1934.
FLEISCHMAN, DORIS E. Women in Busi¬
ness. Ladies Home Jour., 1930.
iOGIE, IONA M.R., ed. Careers
n the Making. New ed. Harper,
.935, p.3-11, 343-53.
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
General
SECTION II - 3, 13.-
iOGIE, IONA M.R., ed. Careers in
.he Making. New ed. Harper, 1935,
». 63-79.
Automobile Trades
General
SECTION II - 3, 4.
Body Repair Man
SECTION 1 - G.
SECTION II - 4.
Batteryman
SECTION II - 13.
Cleaner
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.W.Wilson, 1933,
p.174-76.
Electrician
SECTION 1 - G.
SECTION II - 1, 3.
Mechanic
SECTION 1 - A, E, F, G.
SECTION II - 3, 4, 10, 13, 15.
CHALARON,' CLAIRE and MOISS, MARIAN.
Automobile Mechanic. Occupations
13:731-34. May 1935.
JACKEY, DAVID F. and JOHNSON, B.W.
Analysis of the Auto Mechanic's
Trade; with Training and Upgrading
Programs. (California State Print.
Office) 1933.
Painter and Trimmer
SECTION 1 - G.
SECTION II - 3.
The Repair Man
SECTION 1 - G.
AVIATOR
SECTION 1 - A, B, C.
SECTION II - IV 6, 7, 8, 10, 11.
KIWANI3 CLUB OF NEW YORK CITY. Av¬
iation as a Career. (Vocational
Bulletin, No.5) The Club, 1930.
LOGIE, IONA M.R. ed. Careers in the
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935, p.291-
309.
BROOKE, MRS. ESTHER E. The Girl
and Her Job. ^ppleton, 1933,
p.83-98.
FULLSRTON, DOROTHY T. Some Facts
Abuut V/omen in Banking* Inst, of
Women's Professional Relations, 19?
OGLES BY, CATHARINE. Business Opp¬
ortunities for Women. Harper, 193?
p. 119-35.
BEAUTICI-tiN
SECTION I - B, D, F.
SECTION II - 8, 12, 14, 16.
f.IENGE, EDVLiRD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p.17.
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF BUSINESS AND
PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S CLUBS. The
Current Outlook in Aviation. The
Federation, 1933.
WILLIaMS, CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.150-52.
Air Hostess
SECTION II - 12.
Govt. Service Aviator
SECTION II - 1.
BAKER
SECTION 1 - D.
SECTION II - 1, 3, 13.
NEW YORK. CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION.
DIVISION OF EDUCATION.iL AND VOCATION
,E GUIDANCE. Vocations and Indust¬
ries. (Monograph Series) The Board,
1931.
BANKER
SECTION 1 - C.
SECTION II-l, 2,
11, 12, 14, 15.
5, 6 , 8, 9, 10,
AMERICAN B/NKERS ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
Opportunities in Banking. Amer.
Bankers .issoc. Jour., 26:88. Nov.1933
NEW YORK. CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION.
DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL ,NTD VOCAT¬
IONAL GUIDANCE. Vocations and In¬
dustries. (Monogrph Series) The
Board, 1931.
OGLESBY, CATHERINE. Business Opp¬
ortunities for Women. Harper,1932,
p.102-18.
san FRvNcisco. board of education.
BUREAU OF .atekaince AND guidance.
Cosmetician. (Occupational Studies
Monogr-ph Series, No.2) The Board,
1932^
SMITH, ADELAIDE and R0CKW00D, REUBE
Modern Beauty and Barber Science,
Prentic e-Hall, 1931.
Hairdresser
SECTION II - 8.
Manicurist
SECTION I - D.
♦section ii - 8.
BIOLOGIST
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 9.
MENGB, ED ARD J.v«K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce
1932, p.117-61.
BOILERMAKER
SECTION II - 3, 13.
BOOKtsINDBR
SECTION I - B.
SECTION II - 1, 3, 8, 1C, 13.
BOOKKEEPER
SECTION II - 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15, 16.
JONES, LLOYD L. Research Studies in
Commercial Education. (Monographs
in Education, First Series, No.7)
Univ. of Iowa, 1936, p. 145-51.
HOLBROOK, H.TROLD L. and McGREGOR, a.
L. Our World of Work, ^llyn, 1929,
p. 149-50.
BUYER
SECTION II - 1,3,4,5,7,8,10,14,15.
BROOKE, MRS. ESTHER S. The Girl and
Her Job. Appleton, 1933,p.100-01.
INDIANA. UNIVERSITY AND INDI.AAPOLI!
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Department
Store Service. (Indianapolis Vocat¬
ion?.! Information Series) Univ. of
Indiana, 1923t
C REENTER
SECTION I - a, G.
SECTION II-3 , 4, 6, 13, 15.
MYERS, GEORGE E. and others. Plann¬
ing Your Future. 2d. ed. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.77-85.
SAN FRANCISCO. E0.RD OF EDUCATION.
BUREAU OF . .TTSNDiINCE aND GUIDANCE .
Carpenter. (Occupational Studies
Monograph 4) The Board, 1S32.
U. S. FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL
EDUC..TI0N. Light Frame House Const¬
ruction. (Bulletin, No.145) Govt.
Print. Off., 1931.
CHEMICAL ENGINEER
SECTION II - 1, 6, 11, 12, 13.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS.
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print, 1333, p.93-103.
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION. EDUCAT¬
IONAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE. . Eng¬
ineering: a Career, a Culture.
The Committee, 1932.
IO'Va. UNIVERSITY. Typical Posi¬
tions for Graduates of the College
of Engineerings (Univ. of Iowa
Bulletin, n.s., No.606:12-13.
The Univ., 1931.
KILLEFER, DAVID H. Future of
Chemical Employment. Chemical
Markets 33:23. July 1933.
NEW FIELDS OF OPPORTUNITY FOR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERS. Chemical and
Metallurgical Eng. 40:27-29.
Jan. 1933.
MSNGS, EDWARD J-v.K. Jobs for the
College Gradu .te in Science.
Bruce, 1932, p.108-14.
WHITNEY, UILLIS R. Chemical Eng¬
ineering as a Vocation. N. Y.
State Educ. Dept., 1930.
ATT J ,T.'J-*S , CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1334, p. 180-93.
Chemical Industry Worker
SECTION II - 6, 13.
HAYNES, WILLIAMS. Chemical Work¬
ers: Hours, Wages, and Chemicals.
Chemical Industries 33:397-400A
Nov. 1933.
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.172-73.
CHEMIST
SECTION I - A, B, C.
SECTION II - 1,4,8,9,10,11,12,13.
CALIFORNIA. UNIVERSITY. DIVISION
OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. An Ana¬
lytical Study of the Duties of the
Chemical Laboratory Technician, bp
Richard H. Behrens. (Trade and
Industrial Series, No.6, Bulletin
No.21) The Division, 1327.
CHICAGO UNIVERSITY. BOaRD OF VOCA¬
TIONS GUIDANCE iiND PLACEMENT. Chem¬
istry. (Vocational Series, No.l)
The Board, n.d.
NATIONS RESEARCH COUNCIL. DIVISION
OF EDUCATIONS RELATIONS. The Field
for Chemists, hy W.D.Bancroft. (Opp¬
ortunities for Careers in Scientific
Research) The Division, 1927.
U. 3. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. Opp¬
ortunities for Chemists in the Unit¬
ed States Civil Service. Govt.
Print. Off., 1929.
WALL, FLORENCE S. Vocations in Chem
istry. Jour, of Chemical Sduc.
11j96-100. Feb. 1934.
KENGS, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p.29-39.
NORRIS, J.ICES F. Chemistry as a
Life Work. Jour, of Chemical Educ.
4:1399. Nov. 1927.
U. 3. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Chemistry
in the United States Department of
Agriculture. Govt. Print, Off.,1929,
Slec trochemis t
SECTION II - 1.
CHIROPODIST (PODIATRIST)
HaLLE, RITA S. Some "Different"
Occupations. Pictorial xleview 34:55.
Dec. 1932.
CIVIL ENGINEER
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 4, 5, 10, 13, 15.
AMERIC.tN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS. .
Voc '.tionul Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print., 1933.
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION. EDUCATIONAL
RESEaRCH COMMITTEE. Engineering: a
Career, a Culture. The Committee,
1932, p.l5-r22.
HAMMOND, HENRY P. Civil Engineering
as a Vocation. N.Y. State Educ. Dept.
1S30.
U. S. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
Opportunities for Engineers ;in
the U. 3. Civil Service. Govt.
Print. Off., 1928.
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.180-93.
IOWA. UNIVERSITY. Typical Posi¬
tions for Graduates of the College
of Engineering. (Univ. of Iowa
Bulletins, n.s. No.606:6-7) The
Univ., Aug; 1, 1931.
MENGE, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science.
Bruce, 1932, p.84-88.
Surveyor
SECTION II - 7, 10, 13.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS.
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print, 1933, p.288-92
CIVIL SERVICE WORKERS
SECTION I - B.
SECTION II - 2,6,7,9,10,12,14,15,
16.
COHEN, I. DaVID and FLINN, R.A.
You and Your Work, Appleton,
1931, p.167-71.
KOSHER, WILLIAM. Public Service
as a Career. Annals of the Airier.
Acad, of Political and Social
Science 169:130-43. Sept. 1933,
NKVf YORK. CITY BOARD OF SDUCA-
TION. DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL
AND VOCATION.L GUIDANCE. Vocat¬
ions and Industries. (Monograph
Series) The Board, 1931.
WHITE, LEONARD D. Careers in the
Public Service. Occupations 12,
Pt. 1:9-13. Mar. 1934.
COIMERCIAL ARTIST
SECTION I - A, B, C, F.
SECTION II - 1, 5, 12, 13, 15.
CHICAGO UNIVERSITY. BOLRD OF EDUCAT¬
IONAL GUIDANCE aND PLACEMENT. Art.
(Vocational Series, No.l) The Board,
n.d.
0GLE3BY, CATHERINE. Business Oppor¬
tunities for Women. Harper, 1932,
p.76-89.
Commercial Designer.
SECTION II' - 10, 13.
CONFECTIONARY INDUSTRY
SECTION I - D.
SECTION II - 3, 13.
NSW YORK. CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION.
DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL ~ND VOCATION¬
AL GUIDANCE. Vocations and Industrie
(Monograph Series) The Board, 1931.
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.W.Wilson, 1933,
p.72-73.
CONSUL
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 7, 12.
COSTUME'DESIGNER
SECTION .II - 1,4,5,7,8,9,12,13.
CREDITS AND COLLECTIONS
SECTION II - 6.
/
H0LBR00K, HAROLD L. and McGREGOR,a.L
Our World of Work. Allyn, 1929,
p.152-54.
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.W.Wilson, 1933,
p.161-63.
PEIRCE SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA. New
Professions in Business. The School
1933, p.31-34.
DENTAL HYGIENI3T. DENTAL ASSISTANT
■I ■ '
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 14, 15.
AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION. The
Dental Hygienist: How and Where
She is Employed. The Assoc. 1934.
SAN FRANCISCO. BO.JYD OF EDUCATION
BUREAU OF ATTENDANCE AND GUIDANCE.
The Dental Assistant. (Occupation¬
al Studies, No.6) The Board, 1932.
The Dental Hygienist. (Occupa¬
tional Studies, No.l) The Board,
1932.
DENTIST
SECTION I - a, B, C, D, E.
SECTION II - 1,4,8,7,8,9,10,12,
15, 16.
NSW YORK. STATS DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION. Dentistry as a Vocat-
ion, by Alfred Owre. The Dept.,
1930.
VIRGINIA. STaTE BOARD OF EDUCaTIOI
Vocations for Women. (Occupational
Series, No.11) State Division of
Purchase and Printing, 1933.
MENGE, EDYARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science.
Bruce, 1932, p.41-44.
DEPARTMENT STORE WORKER
General
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12.
CHYPIN, RUTH P. Physical Stand¬
ards in Employe Placement. Dry
Goods Economist 87:18. May 1933.
FAIRBAIRN, HELEN E. Opportunities
for College Women; a Study-Occupa¬
tions Other Than Teaching Jielu by
College Women in Buffalo. (3tudr
ies v.8., No.3) Univ. of Buffalo",
1930.
U. S. WOMEN'S BUREAU. Women in
5 and 10 Cent Store and Limited-
price Department Stores, by Mary
Elizabeth Pidgeon. (Bulletins,
No.76) Govt. Print. Off., 1930.
Adjustment Clerk
SECTION II - 3.
Bundler and Wrapper
SECTION;, il- 3,13.
Executive
SECTION. II - 8, 10, 11, 12.
BENT, DANA P. Department Store as
a Vocation for College Trained Men.
Dartmouth College, Bur. of Person¬
nel Research, n.d.
Floor Manager
SECTION II - 3, 5, 7, 12.
Mannequin and Model
SECTION II - 8.
Salesperson
SECTION I - D.
SECTION II - 8, 10, 14.
Shopper
SECTION II - 8, 9.
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B.
Make Your ©wn Job. H.B. Wilson,
1S33, p. 108-11.
Stock Worker
SECTION II - 3, 3, 8.
Stylist
SECTION II - 1, 5, 12, 14.
OGLESBY, CATHERINE. Business Op¬
portunities for Women. Harper,
1932, p. 249-59.
Training Director
SECTION II - 8, 12.
DIESEL ENGINE WORK
SECTION I-F
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, DEPART¬
MENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS. Detroit.
Diesel, the Modern Power.
DIETITIAN
SECTION I- A, B, C.
SECTION II - 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12.
CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY. DIVISION
OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. A Study
of occupations, other than Home-
Making, Open to Women Trained in
Home Economics. (Homemaking Ed¬
ucation Series, No. 1; Leaflet,
No. 5. The Division, 1928.
CHICAGO UNIVERSITY. BOARD OF VO¬
CATIONAL GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT.
Home Economics. (Vocational Ser¬
ies, No. 1) The Board, n.d,
OGLESBY. CATHERINE. Business Qp^
portunities for Women. Harper,
1932, p. 172-83.
DIPLOMAT
SECTION IIsl, 5, 7, 11, 12.
AMERICAN COUNCIL 0F EDUCATION.
The Foreign Service Officer of
the Unitedw States. The Coun¬
cil, 1929.
DRAFTSMAN
General
SECTION I - A, B, D.
SECTION II - 1, 4, 10, 13, 15.
Architectural and Structural
SECTION II - 4.
Electrical Draftsman
SECTION II - 1, 4.
Woodworking and Furniture
SECTION II - 1, 13.
DRAMATIC ART
"General
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 5, 9.
Actor
SECTION I - B.
SECTION II - 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13
FLEXSCHMAN, DORIS E. Women in Busi¬
ness. Ladies Home Jour., 1930.
LOGIE, IONA M.R. ed. Careers in the
Making. New ed. Harper, 1932,p.279-88
Director and Producer
SECTION II - 12.
Motion Picture Worker
SECTION II - 1, 2, 5, 8, 12.
0GLE3BY, CATHARINE. Business Opport¬
unities for Women. Harper,1932,
p. 166-71.
Radio Entertainer
SECTION II - 12.
TIGH, CHARLES R. Crashing Radio.
Radio Art., 1934.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
SECTION I - A, C, E.
SECTION II - 1, 4, 10, 11, 12.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS.
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print. 1933.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS. The Electrical Engineer.
The Institute, 1931, (Leaflet)
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION. EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH COMMITTEE. Engineerings a
Culture, a Career. The Committee,
1932, p.37—42.
H0LBR00K, HAROLD L. and McGREGOR,A.L.
Our World of Work. Allyn,1929,
p.202-05.
IOWA. UNIVERSITY. Typical Positions
for Graduates of the College of Eng¬
ineering. (Univ. of Iowa, Bulletin,
n.s. No.606) The Univ. 1931.
MENGE, ED7i/ARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
jL932, p.88-92.
NEW YORK. STaTE DEPARTMENT OF ED-
UCaTION. Electrical Engineering as
a Vocation, by Lester W. Morrow.
The Dept., 1930.
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Euilding an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.194-207.
ELECTRICIaN
SECTION I - a, B, F.
SECTION II - 3, 4, 10, 13, 15.
SAN FRaNCISCO. BO.AID OF EDUCATION.
BUREAU OF aTTENDaNCE AND GUIDANCE.
Electrician. (Occupational Studies
Monograph 7) The Board, 1932.
EXPORTING TRADE
SECTION I - B, C.
SECTION II - 2, 5, 8, 11, 12.
FIREMAN
U. S. FEDER-1. BO-JED OF VOCATIONAL
EDUC.iTION. Fire Fighting.(Bulletin
No. 155) Govt. Print. Off., 1931.
FLORIST
SECTION II - 8, 12, 13.
/
FOREIGN TRADE SERVICE
SECTION I - B, C.
SECTION II - 2, 12.
WASHINGTON COLLEGE. The United
States Foreign Trade Service as a
Career, by Edwin Schoenrich.
(Washington College Studies in !
Vocations, No.2) The College,1930.
FURRIER
BLOOMFISLD, J.J., and VaLLS,J.M.D.
^plication of engineering surveys
to the hatters' fur cutting indust¬
ry, Feb. 1937. American Journal
of Public Health 27:167-77.
GARMENT INDUSTRY
General
SECTION II - 6, 7, 13, 16
NEW YORK. CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION.
DIVISION OF EDUCATION.X .JND VOCaT-
ION.X GUIDaNCE. Vocations and Indust
ries. (Monograph Series) The Board,
1931.
Cutter
SECTION 11-13.
Dressmaker and Seamstress
SECTION I - a, B, F.
SECTION II - 4, 8, 13.
COHEN, DAVID aND FLINN, R.A. You and
Your Work, ^ppleton, 1931,pl44-45.
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.W.Wilson, 1933,
p.78-80.
Finisher
SECTION II - 13.
Fitter
SECTION II - 7, 13.
NEW ORLEANS. HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP
ASSOCIATION. The Alteration: Worker.
(Vocational Information. Monographs,
No.6) The assoc., 1927.
Tailor
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 13.
GEOLOGICAL WORK ,S a CAREER
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 8, 9, 11.
AMERICAN aSSOCIaTION OF ENGINEERS.
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines, Mack Print. 1933.
THE NaTIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. DIVI¬
SION OF EDUCATION..L RELaTIONS . Geo¬
logy as a Career, by J.F.Kemp. (Opp¬
ortunities for Careers in Scienti¬
fic Research) The Division, 1927.
HOSIERY INDUSTRY
SECTION II - 3, 13.
hotel Management
■SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 8, 11, 12.
N'T. YORK. CITY BO.RD OF EDUCATION.
DIVISION OF EDUa.TION/X . JJD VOCa.T^
IONaL GUIDaNCE. Vocations and Ind?
ustries. (Monograph Series) The
Board, 1931.
UHRBROCK, RICHARD S. Training of
Hotel Managers. School and Soc.
31:8744. June 23, 1930.
IN5UR.RC3
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1,2,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,]
CLUFF, WALTER. Six Things an Agent
Must Observe to Make a Sucess in
1934. Insurance Field (Life ed)
63:11. Feb. 2, 1934.
FRSY, C.RROLL. Women in Stevenson
Agency Find Insurance Most Satis¬
factory of Careers. Eastern Under¬
writer 34:21-23. Sept. 1933.
PEIRCE SCHOOL. PHILaDELPHIA. New
Professions in Business. The School
"1933, p.16-18.
ROSS, GWYNNE. Insurance Work for,
Women. Pictorial xleview 33:404.
May 1932.
ctuarv
SECTION II - 11.
MENGE, EETALRD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science.
Bruce, 1932.
Life Insurance Agent
SECTION II - 13.
HaRT, HUGH D. Life Insurance as
a Life 'Work. Crofts, 1930.
INTERIOR DECORATOR
SECTION I.- a, B, C.
SECTION II - 1,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,
14, 15.
INVESTMENT B.vNKSR
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 8.
V.'aTT, DON.vLD B. Investment Backing a
Career. ^mer. Council on Educ.,1929.
JQURN.JLIST
General
SECTION I - A, E, C, E.
SECTION II - 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,
13.
BROOKE, ICRS. ESTHER E. The Girl and
Her Job. Appleton, 1933, p. 125-37.
FLEISCHMAN, DORIS E. Women in Busi¬
ness. Ladies Home Jour., 1930.
HIGGINBOTHaM, LESLIE. Employment of
Recent Graduates in Journalism. Occ¬
upations 13:208-10. Dec. 1934.
IOWa. UNIVERSITY. The Qualities of
Journalism: Demands, and the Opport¬
unities It .affords. (Univ. of Iowa
Bulletin, v.17,No.24) The Univ. 1933
LOGIE, IONA.M. .R. ed. Careers in tho
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935,p .163-7S
NEW YORK. ST.vTE DESURTMENT OF EDUCA¬
TION. Journalism as a Vocation, by
John H. Finley. The Dept., 1930.
OGLSSBY, Catherine. Business Opport¬
unities for "women. Harper, 1932,
p.149-65.
Women in Journalism. Ladies Home
Jour. 47:29. May 1930.
PITKIN, BELTER B. and HARBEL, R.F.
Vocational Studies in Journalism.
Columbia Univ. 1931.
ROGERS, CHaRLSS E. Jouralistic Voc¬
ations; a Beginner's Guide to Editor'
ial Work, advertising, Circulation,
Free L;ance Writing, Publicity and
Related Fields. Appleton, 1931.
Circulation Manager
SECTION II - 1.
ROGERS, CHaRLES E. Journalistic
Vocations; a Beginner's Guide to
Editorial 'Cork, Advertising, Cir¬
culation, Free Lanee writing,
Publicity and Related Fields.
.*ppleton, 1931. p.196-218.
Coov Reader
section II - 12.
Editor
section II - 1,2,5,7,11,12,13,14,16
BROOKS, MRS. ESTHER E. The Girl
and Her Job. ..ppleton, 1933,p.125-
37.
Feature Writer and Columnist
SECTION II - 1, 12.
RYDER, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.W."Wilson,1933,
p. 156-60.
Reporter
SECTION II - 7, 10, 12, 15.
LaNDSCaPE architect
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 8, 10, 12.
lawyer
SECTION I - a, B, C, S.
SECTION II - 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
11,12,13,15,16.
HOLBROOK, HiUlOLD L. and KcGRSGOR,
a.L. Our World of Work. Allyn,
1929, p.319-22.
KFEJOS CLUB OF NEW YORK CITY.
The Law. (Vocational Bulletins,
No.1) The Club, 1923.
NEW YORK. STATE DEP..RTMENT OF ED-
UCajEION. Law as a Vocation, by
Cuthbert W. Pound. (Radio Talks
on Vocations) The Dept., 1930.
VIRGINIA. STaTE BO.iRD OF EDUCAT¬
ION. Law as a Vocation, by Leon
E. Bazile, (Occupational Studies
No .4.) State Division of Purchase
nd Printing, n.d.
'.WASHINGTON COLLEGE. Law as a Career,
by v.lbert D, Mac key. (Washington Coll
ege Studies in Vocations, No.4) The
College, 1934.
LIBR.iRI.AN
General
SECTION I - .a, 5, C, D, E.
SECTION II - 1,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,16.
.aMERIC.aN LIBRARY .ASSOCLATION. BOaRD
OF SDUC aTION FOR LIBRARI -NSHIP. Train
-ing for Library Cork. .a.L..a. Revised
Frequently. (Mimeographed)
E.aSTMSN, LINO.. ... The Librarian as
Counselor. Occupations 12, Pt. 1:21-
26. Mar. 1934.
S.aV.YER, MRS. HARRIET (P.), comp. The
Library as a Vocation. (Classics of
American Librarianship, v.10) H.w.
V.ilson, 1933.
VIRGINI.a. ST.TE BO.ARD OF SDUC/aTION.
Library Work as a Profession. (Occup¬
ational Studies, No.3) State Division
of Purchase -and Printing, n.d.(Mimeo¬
graphed)
"OMAN'S OCCUP.aTION.aL BUREAU. Library
V.ork as a Profession1, Dy Gratia
Countryman. (Vocational Bulletin) The
Bureau, 1930.
Business and Speci \1 Librarian
SECTION II - 12.
SRVORD, RUTH. Special Librarianship
as a Career. Institute of ..omen's
Professional Relations, 1933.
Children's Librarian
SECTION II - 12.
SMITH, IRENE. Human Side of Library
Cork with Foreign Born Children. Lib.
Jour., 68:865-68. Nov. 1, 1933.
School Librarian
SECTION II - 1.
Machinist
SECTION I - -a, B, D, F.
.SECTION II - 3, 4, 7, 13, 15.
MYERS, GEORGE S. and others. Plan-
-ning Your Future. 2d.ed. McGraw-
Hill, 1934.
M.aSON
SECTION I - aa, G.
SECTION II - 3, 4, 6, 13, 15.
MSCH..NIC.aL ENGINEER
SECTION I - C, E.
SECTION II - 1, 4, 11, 13, 15.
ZaMERIC.aN .SSOCI-.TION OF ENGINEERS .
Vocational Guidance in Engineering
Lines. Mack Print, 1933. f
i-
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION. EDUC.aTIOIJ-
.aL RESEARCH COMMITTEE. Engineering;
a Career, a Culture. The Committee.
1932, p.31-36. #
IOEaa. UNIVERSITY. Typical Positions
for Graduates ofthe College of Eng¬
ineering. (Univ. pf Iowa, Bulletin.
n.s.,No.606) The Univ. 1931.
NE'C YORK. STaTS DEPARTMENT OF EDUC¬
ATION. Mechanical Engineering as a
Vocation, by Dexter 3. Kimball. Thi
Dept., 1930}
"ILLIaMS, CLEMENT C. Building -an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.208-20.
MILLINERY INDUSTRY
SECTION II - 4, 8, 13, 15.
MUSIC aS A CAREER
SECTION I - a, C, E.
SECTION II - 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10,12.
EaSTM.aN SCHOOL OF JUSIC. Music as
a Vocation. The School, 1330.
PaTTERSON, aNNIS . On Choosing a
Musical Career. Etude 52:150. Mar.
1934.
VIRGINI... STaTE BOARD OF SDUCATION.
Vocations for. women. (Occupational
Studies, No,11) State Division of
Purchase and Printing, 1933.
Band Leader and. Conductor
35.CTION II - 1.
LOGIE, IONA M.R. ed. Careers in the
liking. New ed. Harper, 1935,p.123-
36.
Composer
SECTION II - 8, 12.
Impresario and Contort. M-n-g^r
SECTION II - 12.
Instrumental Musician
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II- 1.
Organist
SECTION II - 1.
Pianist
JONaS, . XBERT . '.'."hat Is Needed to
Gain Success as a Pianist? Etude
51:577. Sept. 1933.
Singer
SECTION II - 1, 5, 12.
L.JTE, JULIETTE. The Girl the Wants,
to Sing = Etude 51:731-32. Nov.1933.
NURSE
SECTION I - a, B, C, D, E.
SECTION II - 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,
16.
HOLBROOK, H..ROLD L.and McGREGOR,a.L.
Our too rid of tork. Allyn, 1929,
p•296—98.
NaTIONaL LEAGUE OF NURSING EDUCATION
Opportunities in the Field of Nurs¬
ing, "by I.M.Stewart. The League, 1930.
NEW ORLE.JSTS. HIGH SCHOOL SCHOL.EISHIP
ASSOCIATION. (Opportunities in Occu¬
pational Therapy. (Vocational Infor¬
mation. Monographs, No.16) The aSsoc
1932.
ROSS ,GEYNNE. to'hat About Nursing?
Pictorial Review 33:28. Mar. 1932.
VIRGINIa. STaTE BO.JRD OF EDUC.E-
ION. Nursing as a Vocation, bj
Frances Helen Ziegler. (Occupat¬
ional Studies, No.l) State Divis¬
ion of Purchase and Printing, 1933
Vocations for women. (Occupax-
ional Scries, No.11) State Divis¬
ion of Purchase and Printing,1933,
VOBLJff'S OCCUPaTION X BUREaU. .
Profession of Nursing, by Ruth
Houlton, (Vocational Bulletins)
The Bureau, 1930.
Industrial Nurse
HODGSON, IRS. VIOLET (H.) Nursing
in Industry. tohat Are Its Possib¬
ilities? Industrial Medicine 1:97?-
100. Nov. 1932.
Public Health Nurse
SECTION II - 1, 11, 12.
H.aLLE , RITa 3. that Can I Earn?
Pictorial Review 33:48. AUg.1932.
NEE YORE. STaTE DEPARTMENT OF
HEaLTH. The Public Health Nurse
and What She DocS^ The Dept.,n.d.
OFFICE CLERK
SECTION I - D.
SECTION II - 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10,12.
OFFICE MaCHINE OPSRaTOR
General
SECTION II - 3.
NE'7 YORK. CITY aO.XB OF EDUC .TION.
DIVISION OF SDUCaTIONaL aND VOCA¬
TION. X GUID,P~CE. Vocations, and
Industries. (Monograph Series)
The Board, 1931.
Calculating Machine Operator
SECTION I - F.
Multigraoh Machine Operator.
SECTION II - 12.
OPTOMETRIST aND OP TIC I. JJ
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 10, 12.
NEW YORK. 3TUTE .DEP.vRTM.HNT OF EDUC¬
ATION . Optometry as a Vocation, by
Fredric A. Wo11. The Dept., 1930.
SAN FR..NCI5C0 - BO.iRD OF EDUCATION.
BUREAU OF YTTHND.'JJCE . AD GUID .NCE.
The Optician. (Occupational Studies
No.3) The Board, ^.932,
The Optometrist. (Occupational
Studies, No.5) The Board, 1932.
OSTEOPATH
SECTION I - C, S.
POINTER
SECTION I - D, G.
SECTION II - 3, 4, 6, 13, 15.
PATTERNMAKER
SECTION I - a, B, D.
\
SECTION II - 1, 3, 4, 13, 15.
PERSONNEL V.ORKSR
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
MSTROP«HTAN LIFE INSUR.iNCE COIR;,NY,
NE1" YORK. POLICYHOLDERS SERVICE
BUREAU. Training Plans for Office
Employees, The Company, 1933.
MILLaR, SEVILLE and ODENCR. JTTZ,L.C.
Vocations for the Handicapped.
Occupations 12:18-28. Oct. 1933.
OGLES BY, C..THARINE, Business Oppor¬
tunities for women. Harper, 1932,
p.201-17.
PEIRCE SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA. New
Professions in Business. The School,
1933, jit.27-30.
PHARMACIST
SECTION I - B, C, E.
SECTION II - 1,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15
HOLBROOK, H.ROLD L. and McGREGOR,-..L
Our World of Work, .illyn, 1929,
p.299-300.
NEr' YORK. STATE DEP. FITMENT OF EDUC
aTION. Pharmacy as a Vocation, by
William C. Anderson. The Dept., —
1930.
VIRGINI... STATE LORD OF EDUCATION-
Voc itions for Women. (Occupational
Series,'No.11) State Division of
Purchase and Printing, 1933.
PHOTOENGRAVING „ND LITHOGRAPHY
SECTION I - B, F.
SECTION II - 1, 3, 4, 13.
PHOTOGRitPHSR
SECTION I - B, C,
SECTION II - 1,4,6,8,12,14,15.
RYDER, VIOLET and D0U3T, H.B.
Make Your Own Job. H.W',.Wilson, 19|33
p.166-68.
PHYSICIAN
SECTION I - a, to, C, E.
SECTION 11-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,
12, 15, 16.
AMERICAN COUNCIL 0>i EDUCATION. The
Profession of Medicine, by Hortens.
Hoad. (Vocational Monograph Series'
The Council, 1928.
HOLBROOK, HaROLD L. and McGREGOH,
a.L. Our V.orld of work. .vlly^,
1929, p.292-96*
IOWA. UNIVERSITY. Qualifications ■
for Study of Medicine. (Univ. of .
Iowa Bulletin, n.s., No.610) The
Univ. 1931.
LOGIE, IONa M.R. ed. Careers in th
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935,
p.261-74. A
MTERS, GEORGE E. and others. Plan¬
ning Your Future. 2d.ed. McGraw-
Hill, 1934, p. 139-47.
NE'V YORK. STATE DEP ARTMENT OF EDUC
..TION. Medicine as a Vocation, by
Thomas Ordway. The Dept., 1930.
Proof Reader
3ISCTION II - 1, 3, 12, 13.
PSYCHOLOGIST
SUCTION II - 9, 12.
NATION.iL RESEaRCH COUNCIL. DIVISION
OF EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS. Psychology
as a Career, by C.E.Seashore and oth¬
ers. ^Opportunities for Careers in
Scientific Research) The Diviaion,
1927.
PURCHASING aGENT
SECTION II - 11, 15.
PEIRCE SCHOOL, PHILaDELPHIa. New
Professions in business. The School,
1933, p.37-40.
RADIO
General
SECTION II - 4, 5, 8, 13.
LOGIE, IONa M.R. ed. Careers in the
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935,p.13-36•
NEE" ORLS .N3 . HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP
aSSOCIaTION. Radio orker. (Vocation¬
al Information Series, No.3) The aSsV
1930.
'."ILLIaMS, CLEMENT C. Building an Eng¬
ineering Career. McGraw-Hill, 1934,
p.159-61.
MENGE, EDWARD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce,
1932, p.92-94.
Radio Manufacturing Industry
SECTION 11-13.
NEE ORLE.iNS. HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLaRSHIP
aSSOCIaTION. The Radio '..orker in New
Orleans. (Vocational Information
Monographs, No.3) The assoc., 1930.
U.,S. WOMEN'3 BUREaU. Fluctuation of
Employment in the Radio Industry.
(Bulletin, No.83) Govt. Print. Off.,
1931.
xRadio Repairman
SECTION I - B, G.
Radio Operator
SECTION I - G.
Radio announcer
SECTION II - 1, 12, 14.
Radio 'Engineer
SECTION II - 1, 11, 12.
MENGE, SDV.ViRD J.v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science. Bruce
1932, p.92-94.
xRadio broadensting Executive
SECTION II - 12.
RECREaTION LEaDSRSHIP
SECTION I - C.
VIRGINIA. STaTE ^OaRD OF EDUCaT-
ION. Occupations for Women. (Occu¬
pational Series, No.11) State
Division of Purchase and Printing,
1933. 1
WILLI.JMSON, MaRGaRSTTxx a. The
Social Worker in Group Work, (xjner
assoc., of Social Workers. Job
Analysis Series, No2) Harper,1929.
RSSTaURaNT orker
General
SECTION II - 6.
Manager
SECTION II - 5, 12.
3..N FRaNCISCO . BOARD OF EDUC..TI0N
BUREaU OF.TTENDaNCE aND GUIDANCE.
The Restaurant Industry. (Occupa¬
tional Studies, No.8) The Board,
1932.
3. JjESMaN
General
SECTION I - a, L, C.
SECTION II - 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,15.
EUSSMaNN, L. The Kind of a Sales¬
man Not to ^e. Advortising and
Selling. 20:26+. Jan. 5, 1933.
JEFFRIES,E.S. Five Simple Tests for
Prospective Salesman. Sales Manage¬
ment. 33:355. Oct. 10, 1935.
LOGIE, ION.. M.R. ed. Careers in the
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935, p.205-
22.
MURPHY J.,'.. XJhj Star Salesman ..re
Stars, advertising and Selling 21:30
..ug- 17, 1933.
MYERS, GEOaGS E. and others. Plann¬
ing Your Future. 2d.ed. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p. 109-20.
OGLESBY, CATTLiRINE. Business Oppor¬
tunities for women. Harper, 1932,
p.218-33.
S..N FPu.N0ISC0. BOARD OF EDUC..TI0N.
BUREAU OF TTEND..NCE ..ND GUIDANCE.
Salesman. (Occupational Studies,
Monograph, No.12) The Board, 1933.
Selling as a Career. Sales Manage¬
ment 31:520. Dec. 15, 1932,
Training the New Salesman, Manage¬
ment Review 21:376-77. Dec. 1932.
VIRGINIA. STATE BO..RD OF EDUCATION.
Vocations for -omen. (Occupational
Series, No.11) State Division of
Purchase and Printing, 1933.
Auctioneer
RYDER, VIOLET and D0UST,H.B. Make
Your Own Job. H.V. .Nilson, 1933,
p .89-92.
Canvasser
BERM..N, M,..i. Noman's Place in Direc"
Selling, advertising and Selling
22:18+. Nov. 23, 1933.
Sales Manager
SECTION II - 2, 10, 12.
PEIRCE SCHOOLS. PHILADELPHIA. New
Professions in Business. The School,
1933, p.19-22.
SEC RET. .RL E WORKER
' General
SECTION I - ...
SECTION II -1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,
HAINFSLD, CHARLES F. Secretarial
Practice. Lyons, 1932.
NE.7 YORK. CITY BO.UD OF SDUC.'.TION
DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL .ND VOC..-
TION..L GUIDANCE. Vocations and
Industries. (Monograph Series)
The Board, 1931.
NICHOLS, FREDERICK G. The Person¬
nel Secretary. (Harvard Studies
in Education, No.23) Harvard Univ.
1934.
PEIRCE SCHOOL^. PHIL..DELPHI...
New Professions in Business. The
School, 1933, p.57-58.
RYDE-., VIOLET and DOUST, H.B.
Make Your Own Job. H.N.Nilson,
1933, p. 116-19.
Typist
SECTION 11-10, 15, 16.
Social Secretary
SECTION II - 1, 8.
AYDE.i, VIOLET and DOUST, H.B.
Make Your Own Job. H.W.Nilson,
1933, p.112-15.
Stenographer
SECTION I - B, F.
SECTION II - 1, 4,8,9,10,12,15,16.
MYERS, GEORGE E. and others. Plan¬
ning Your Future. 2ded. MtSGraw-
Hill, 1934, p.161-73.
NEV; YORK. CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF EDUC .TI0N..L .'ND VOCA¬
TION. .L GUID..NCE. Voc vtions and
Industries. (Monograph Series)
The uoard, 1931.
SHEET-MET.L YORKER
SECTION I - D, G.
SECTION II - 3, 13.
SHOE INDUSTRY
SECTION II - 3, 6.
SOCIAL y YORKER
SECTION I, - a, c, C, D.
i,
SECTION II -1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,14,15.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL YYORK-
ERS. Before You Decide. The assoc.,
1930.
LOGIE, IONA M.R. ed. Careers in the
Making. New ed. Harper,1935,p.41-58.
ODENCRaNTZ, LOUISE C. The Social
Y.orker in ; Family, Medical and
Psychiatric Social fork. (AmerAgecc
6f Sbcial Turbans. Job. Analysis
No.1) Harper, 1929.
VIRGINIA. ST..TS BO.JtD OF EDUCATION.
Vocations for Somen. (Occupational
Series, No'.ll) State Division of
Purchase and Printing, 1933.
V'OITxN' S OCCUPaTIONaL BUREaU. The
Profession of Social York, by Frank
F. Bruno, (Vocational Bulletin) The
Bureau, 1929.
Child "Selfare Worker
SECTION II - 5, 12.
WILLIAMSON, MaRGaRETTa a. The Social
.Yorker in Child Care and Protection,
(.jner. assoc. of Social workers. Job
Analysis Series, No.3) Harper,1931.
Family Case Worker
aMEriCaN association of social yyork-
ER3. Vocational Aspects of Family
Social '.York. The assoc., 1926.
Group Y.orker
SECTION II - 1, 12.
PENCE, OCEN E. The Professional Boys
""Yorker in the Y.M.C.A. ASsn.Pr- ,1932
"TLLIaMSON, MaRGaRETTa a. The Social
Yorker in Group Cork, (.rimer, assoc.,
of Social Yorkers. Job Analysis
Series, No.2) Harper, 1929.
Medical Social '.'Yorker
SECTION II - 12.
iMERICaN .ASSOCIATION OF 30CI.iL "YORK¬
ERS . Vocational Aspects of Medical
Social York. The assoc., 1927.
Settlement '.Yorker
SECTION 11-12.
STATISTICIAN
SECTION I - C.
SECTION II - 1, 12.
MSNGE, EDY.YiRD J-v.K. Jobs for the
College Graduate in Science.
Bruce, 1932, p.13-17.
STERSQTYPSR aND ELECTROTYPER
SECTION I - B.
SECTION II - 3, 7, 13, 15.
STRUCTURAL IRONYORKER
SECTION I - D.
SECTION II - 3, 7, 13, 15.
TEACHER
General
SECTION I - B, D.
SECTION II -1,2,5,7,8,9,10,12,15,1(
HALLE, RITYi S. Y'.hat Can I Earn?
Pictorial Review 33:484. Aug.1932.
HOLBROOK, H.uROLD L. and McGREGOR
Our Y.orld of .York. Allyn,1929,
p. 301-03.
LOGIE, IONA M.R. ed. Careers in lh<
Making. New ed. Harper, 1935,
p.103-17.
NEYY ORLSaNS . HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLaR-
3HIP.ASSOCIATION. The Public Schoo.
Teacher. (Vocational Information
Series, No.9) The assoc., 1929.
SUaIN, CaRL C. Selecting the Best
For Teaching. Jour, of the N.E.A.
22:1154• Apr. 1933.
College and University Teacher
SECTION II - 1, 11.
Ha'.YKES, HERBERT S. The Teaching
Scholar. Occupations 12:5-8. Nov.
1933.
PAJTHORNE, MARION 0. ".."omen as Co 11-
ge Teachers, urinals pt the ^oner.
ucad. of Political and Social Scien
ce. 143:146-53.
Elementary School Teacher
SECTION II - 10.
MORRISON J. C.iYCE. Teaching in the
Elementary Schools as a Vocation^
N.Ye State Dept. pf' Educ., 1930.
Preschool and Kindergarten
Teacher
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 1.
HALLE, RIT.i 3. That Can I Earn?
Pictorial Review 33:48. Aug. 1932.
Secondary School Teacher
SECTION II - 11.
' ILEY, GEORGE M. Teaching in the
Secondary Schools as a Vocation.
N.Y. State Dept.^: of Educ. 1930.
Visiting Teacher
SECTION 11-12.
HESS, ELV.'OOD V. Home Visifcing an ^i<
To Counseling^ Jour, of the N.E.I.
22:231-32. Nov. 1933.
TECHNICS OF HOME VISITING. Jour.
of the N.E..x. 22:261. Dec. 1933.
TELEGR, J?H WORKER
General
SECTION II - 3, 16.
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Building an Eng
-ineering Career. McGraw-Hill, 1934,
p.153-55.
Telegraph Messenger
SECTION II - 16.
Telegraph Operator
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 8, 10, 15.
TELEPHONE "ORKER
General
SECTION II - 3, 7, 13, 16.
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH
COMPANY. Work and Opportunity in
the Bell System. The Company,n.d
WILLIAMS. CLSI.'ENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p.155-59.
Telephone Operator
SECTION I - F.
SECTION II - 4, 8, 9.
NE'.V ORLKJNS. HIGH SCHOOLS SCHOLIA
SHIP ASSOCIATION« Telephone Oper¬
ator. (Vocational Information
Monograph, No.5) The Assoc.,1929;
SMITH, LAURA M. Opportunities
for Women in the bell Telephone
System. Bell Telephone Quarterly
11:34-49.
TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
SECTION II - 1, 2, 13.
NORTH CAROLINA • STATE COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE aND ENGINEERING. In¬
formation for Prospective Studenl
(Bulletin, v.32,No.3) The College
1933.
Kn.it Goods Industry
SECTION I - F.
Rayon Industry Worker
WILLIAMS, CLEMENT C. Building an
Engineering Career. McGraw-Hill,
1934, p. 174-75.
TINSMITH .UP ROOFER
SECTION II - 13.
TOOL .tND DIEM.JCER
SECTION II - 3, 7, 13.
TRAFFIC IvANAGER
SECTION II - 1, 10, 11.
•Xt-LiviN
I I
!1, 4, 10. )
Y.7ELD£R
i
- G.
UN II - 3, 7, 13.
HOLESRLE RETAIL ?,ERCH.vNTS
General
~I0N I - C.
.^tTION II - 1, 3, 4, 5,7,10, 11,16.
\
BROOKE, HR3. ESTHER E. The Girl and
Her Job. r.ppleton, 1933, p.93-100.
'COHEN I. DAVID and FLINN,R.A. You
and Your Work, rtppleton,1931,p.149- ■
54. .. -
FLFJAgHIAJJ, DORIS E. Women in Busi-
/ Ladies Home Jour-, 1330.
!
I1ISV. 0RL3-.N3. HIGH SCHOOL 3CH0L.J13HIP
LsSOCL.TION. Retail Salesman. (Voca¬
tional Information Series, No.3) The
issoc ., 1927.
1GLE3LY, CATHARINE. Business Opport¬
unities for Women. Harper, 1932,
1249-59.
*' Chain Store Operator
SECTION II - 1, 6, 8, 11.
WOODWORKER
~ General
SECTION II - 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 15.
Cabinet Haker
k
SECTION II -4, 7, 13, 15.
■ ' Cooper. Wood Carver
SECTION 11-13.