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 QHARTSON, 
 
 At SONOMA, 
 
 ^efors 11^6 Tflcrans of l^ij ®irttan li[ar, 
 
 July 4, 1887. 
 
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Sonoma, August 4, 1887. 
 Hon. C. Hartson — Dear Sir: The Fourth of July Committee 
 lias instructed me officially to thank you for your instructive and 
 able address delivered here before the Mexican Veterans and 
 citizens of Sonoma valley on the 4th ult., and to request a copy 
 ior publication. 
 
 We are verj'^ grateful to you for this, as well as many other acts 
 of kindness and consideration shown to the people of this valley. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 ROBERT A. POPPE, 
 Secretary Fourth of July Committee. 
 
 Resolced — That it would be in a high degree gratifying to the 
 Veterans of the Mexican War, if Hon. Chancellor Hartson and 
 K, A. Poppe would kindly supply the press with copies, for publi- 
 cation, of their respective addresses, delivered to their fellow- 
 citizens in Sonoma on the Fourth of July instant, to the end that 
 the very interesting matters so ably treated therein may find their 
 appropriate places in the history of our country, and we respect- 
 iuUy request them to acquiesce in this desire. 
 
 Eesolred — That the Secretary of this Association be, and he is 
 liereby instructed to forward to each of the gentlemen named, a 
 eopv of foregoing resolution. 
 
 T. W. TALIAFERRO. 
 
 I hereby certify that the above resolutions were unanimously 
 adopted at a regular meeting of the Association held 
 July 14, 1887. 
 
 isEAL.J H. LOUIS VON GEISTEFIELD, Secretary. 
 
 San Francisco, July 18, 1887. 
 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 — BY — 
 
 C. HARTSON, 
 
 Sonoma, July 4, 1887. 
 
 For more than a century the morning sun of 
 this day has been welcomed b}^ all of the people 
 of the United States with booming cannon, with 
 acclamations and tumultuous jo}^ ; and it has de- 
 scended behind the evening curtains amid eulo- 
 gies, hosannas, bonfires and illuminations. 
 
 This is the anniversary of an event that has 
 produced the most salutary effect, teaching na- 
 tions the capacity of man for self-government 
 and checking the exercise of despotic power by 
 the establishment of the government of a great 
 people on principles of reason, justice, equalit}' 
 and natural law. 
 
 We have met here not only to commemorate 
 
[ 4 ] 
 
 the day on which the Colonies separated from 
 the Mother Country, the natal day of our 
 Republic, but the day of the birth of liberty on 
 this Western Continent ; the day when free in- 
 stitutions were adopted by a great nation with 
 the declaration emblazoned upon our country's 
 standard that all men were created free and 
 equal and entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit 
 of happiness. 
 
 TIME OF RECONCILIATION. 
 
 We now meet to reflect upon our history and 
 consider our present standing, to view the in- 
 structive tablets and the historic paintings in the 
 galleries of our country's achievements. 
 
 We meet reverentially and deferent iall}^ and 
 we trust with hearts full of kindness and charity^ 
 to thank those that met the frown of power, and 
 hazarded everything for our peace and happiness ; 
 and also to speak words of cheer and encourage- 
 ment to our countrymen, witnesses with us of 
 our country's grandeur and glory, and, like us, 
 recipients of its benefits. 
 
 This is especially the day when under a com- 
 mon standard, by the inspiration of common in- 
 terests, with a common heritage achieved by 
 common ancestral sacrifice and with a common 
 
[ 5 ] 
 
 destin}^ kindnesses may be revived and engen- 
 dered, virtues be remembered and magnified, and 
 faults be -forgiven and forgotten. 
 
 This is the appropriate time and occasion to 
 unite and harmonize under the stainless and 
 ample folds of our country's flag, on which should 
 be inscribed in letters of living light by all 
 Americans with fraternal hands, "Liberty and 
 union not alone of country, but of countrymen, 
 now and forever." 
 
 UNIVERSALITY OF FREEDOM. 
 
 We welcome to the festivities of this day, we 
 invite to participate with us in these rejoicings, 
 all who fraternize with us in these principles and 
 sentiments; all who worship at the shrine of 
 liberty regulated by law ; all whose hearts glow 
 with patriotic exultation, at the mention of the 
 names of Washington, Lafayette and the Revolu- 
 tionary heroes. 
 
 We give the right hand of fellowship to all 
 of our faith, whether they come from the land 
 of Garibaldi or Hampden, Baron Steuben or 
 Kosciusko, or any other part of the globe; all 
 such are welcomed as brethren in this celebra- 
 tion of our country's birth and progress. Here 
 at this banquet we hail him as brother, whose 
 
[ 6 ] 
 
 heart responds to the canons of law and order 
 and freedom. 
 
 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION. 
 
 At the time of the revolution there were thir- 
 teen colonies lying on the Atlantic coast with 
 claim to inlying and adjacent territory lying 
 east of the Mississippi river and north of 
 latitude 31 degrees. 
 
 Since the Declaration of Independence not 
 only has the commerce, the wealth and the pop- 
 ulation of the Republic increased with amazing 
 rapidity, but its bounds have been extended and 
 its area greatly enlarged. 
 
 There has been corresponding progress in 
 every department of the Government, improve- 
 ment in the methods of its administration, per- 
 fection of its principles, development of its re- 
 sources and enlargement of its domain. 
 
 The tree of liberty early planted on the At- 
 lantic shores has grown, extending its roots and 
 branches to the Pacific, and now waves its golden 
 foliage on the summit of the Sierras; fanned and 
 watered by the breezes and exhalations of the 
 two distant and mighty oceans. 
 
 While our speeches teem with well-deserved 
 eulogies of our native land, and while we speak 
 
[ 7 ] 
 
 in terms of highest commendation of the fabu- 
 lous increase of our population and our material 
 progress, I trust that it will not be without in- 
 terest and profit to briefly consider the prodi- 
 gious enlargement of our borders. 
 LOUISIANA. 
 This important possession was ceded to the 
 United States by France on the 30th of April, 
 1803, by treaty, and on the 30th of October 
 following, the treaty was ratified by the United 
 States. Spain then held the Floridas, and the 
 boundaries of the French and Spanish provinces 
 in America were not well defined or understood. 
 Frane then claimed from the Floridas to the Rio 
 Grande. 
 
 SPANISH TREATY OF 1 795- 
 
 By a treaty between the United States and 
 Spain of October 27, 1795, our western boundary 
 was fixed in the middle of the Mississippi, down 
 to the 31st degree of latitude, and the naviga- 
 tion of the whole breadth of the river from its 
 source to the ocean, was to be free to the sub- 
 jects and citizens of both countries. 
 
 CESSION OF THE FLORIDAS AND OREGON. 
 
 Spain, by a treaty concluded on the 2 2d day 
 of February, 1819, and ratified on the 24th day 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 of October, 1820, ceded to the United States all 
 of her territory east of the Mississippi known as 
 East and West Florida, and also a large territory 
 west of the Mississippi, extending to the Pacific 
 Ocean and its western division, bounded on the 
 south by latitude 42 degrees north, including 
 Oregon and Washington Territories in the 
 cession. 
 
 THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS. 
 
 Among the last Acts passed during the admin- 
 istration of President Tyler was the annexing 
 of Texas to the United States, which was ratified 
 at a convention held by the people of Texas on 
 the 4th day of July, 1845. 
 
 CALIFORNIA, NEw MEXICO AND ARIZONA. 
 
 By a treaty of peace, friendship, security and 
 settlement made in the month of February, 1848, 
 Mexico ceded to the United States, New Mexico, 
 Upper California and Arizona, with a part of 
 Utah and Colorado. 
 
 ALASKA. 
 
 In the year 1867, Alaska was purchased from 
 Russia and became a possession of the United 
 States. Alaska has an area of 531,409 square 
 miles. The United States, including all the 
 
[ 9 ] 
 
 States and Territories, is credited with an area of 
 3,547,000 sqnare miles. 
 
 DISPUTED BOUNDARIES. 
 
 Several times dispntes of the most serions and 
 alarming nature have arisen between the United 
 States and Britain in regard to the boundary of 
 the Canadas and British Columbia. Fortunately 
 these have been amicably adjusted by negotia- 
 tions. 
 
 Thus step by step, have the boundaries of our 
 commonwealth advanced, as its wealth and popu- 
 lation have increased, until each is expressed by 
 figures of stupendous magnitude. Our popula- 
 tion is so vast that it exceeds sixty millions. 
 Measured by square miles, the extent of our 
 country is so great that it contains more than 
 three and one-half millions, and our wealth is 
 forty-five thousand million dollars. 
 
 THE SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 Those who took part in the War for Independ- 
 ence have all yielded to nature's fiat, more power- 
 ful than the thunders of battle. They all sleep 
 in the land rescued from tyranny and made 
 sacred by their spirit and bravery. They are all 
 ' now in the tender care of Him who regardeth 
 
[ lO ] 
 
 with interest the lily's beauty and the sparrow's 
 safety. 
 
 The herocs of Lund3^'s Lane and of the various 
 battles of the War of 1812, on land and on sea, 
 are sleeping gently side by side with their Revo- 
 lutionary sires, and w411 no more be roused b}^ 
 the sharp command or martial music or the burst- 
 ing shell. 
 
 But notwithstanding their bodies lie mould- 
 ering in the dust, yet their heroic actions, their 
 noble characters, and the principles of liberty b}^ 
 them exalted and established still live, radiating 
 their sacred and powerful influences outward to 
 the very circumference of mankind and onward 
 to the end of time, scattering benedictions over 
 the length and breadth of the world. 
 
 THE MEXICAN WAR AND MEXICAN VETERANS. 
 
 Yet we have this day with us those who, to 
 sustain the Government of the United States and 
 defend its honor and flag, have taken part in the 
 impetuous charge and successful repulse, on 
 battle-fields strewed with our dead and dying 
 countrymen. 
 
 We have with us veterans of many a well- 
 fought battle of that war, of which I will attempt 
 a brief description. 
 
[ " ] 
 
 The annexation of Texas engendered the most 
 bitter and hostile spirit towards the United 
 States, by Mexico. The ownership of the terri- 
 tory between the Nneces and the Rio Grande, 
 had been a snbject of dispute between Mexico 
 and Texas. 
 
 Under authorit}^ of the Government of the 
 United States, General Ta3dor on the 28th of 
 March, 1846, took possession of this territory 
 and constructed Fort Brown opposite IMatamoras 
 on the other side of the Rio Grande. Early in 
 May following. General Arista, Commander-in- 
 Chief of the Mexican forces, with 6,000 men, 
 crossed the Rio Grande, an J on the 8th of that 
 month attacked General Taylo/ with a command 
 of 2,300 at Palo x\lto. The next da}^ a most 
 sanguinary battle was fought at Resaca de la 
 Palma, where the Mexican army was over- 
 whelmed and driven across the Rio Grande. 
 September the 9th, General Taylor, with 6,625 
 men, marched against Monterey, which w^as de- 
 fended by General Ampudia with 10,000 regular 
 troops. General Taylor assaulted the place, 
 and, after three days of desperate fighting. Gen- 
 eral Ampudia surrendered. On the 21st of 
 February, 1847, General Santa Ana with 21,000 
 veteran troops, the flower of the Mexican army, 
 
[ 12 ] 
 
 attacked General Taylor with a much smaller 
 command at Buena Vista and was most signally 
 defeated. During the rest of the war the valley 
 of the Rio Grande remained in the quiet pos- 
 session of our forces. 
 
 GENERAL SCOTT 
 
 On the 9th of March, 1847, landed 12,000 men 
 at Vera Cruz for the purpose of its capture, and 
 also the capture of the city of Mexico. Nearly 
 thirty years before. General Scott had shown 
 skill and bravery scarcel}^ paralleled in the 
 annals of warfare, in one of the most hotly con- 
 tested battles of the War of 181 2. 
 
 On the 2 2d of March, General Scott besieged 
 Vera Cruz with bomb and battery and all the 
 appliances of war. 
 
 On the fifth day of the siege, the Castle of San 
 Juan de Ulloa, built to def}^ bomb and all the 
 engineering of war, yielded to the fierce and con- 
 tinuous assault, and the city with its supposed 
 impregnable castle surrendered. After this cap- 
 ture, General Scott with 8,500 men pushed on 
 over the national highways to attack the Mexican 
 capital. About fifty miles from Vera Cruz, Gen. 
 Santa Ana with a force of about 12,000 had 
 fortified the Pass of Cerro Gordo, and was pre- 
 
r 13 ] 
 
 pared to contest the advance of our army. The 
 Mexican forces had all the advantages in num- 
 bers, in position and in preparation. A terrific 
 battle ensued. 
 
 The victory of our arms was brilliant and 
 decisive. The loss on the battle-field was great 
 on both sides. The Mexican official journal 
 attributes the disastrous result to '' inevitable 
 misfortune, the result of the tactics of the in- 
 vader, that no expectations were entertained of 
 the rare, bold and desperate operations of the 
 enemy." 
 
 Five months afterwards, the American flag 
 floated over the Mexican capital amid the exul- 
 tations of as brave an army as time has wit- 
 nessed. 
 
 General vScott's great reputation was not di- 
 minished by his rapid and successful movements 
 in Mexico. General Taylor's brilliant achieve- 
 ments on the Rio Grande, from Palo Alto to 
 Buena Vista, had deservedly given him high 
 rank among militar}^ chieftians. Each left 
 Mexico the idol of the army, and greatly ad- 
 mired by their countrymen for their gallantry 
 
 and heroism. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 While these stirring events were occurring in 
 
[ 14 ] 
 
 Mexico, California was the scene of intense 
 excitement. The Government of the United 
 States, anticipating a conflict in California, dis- 
 patched Commodore Stockton in October, 1845, 
 with re-enforcements to the sqnadron then on the 
 Pacific Coast nnder the command of Commodore 
 Sloat, whom he succeeded on his arrival at Mon- 
 tere3\ Also General Kearney, then in command 
 of the Army of the West, received an order to re- 
 pair to the Pacific Coast. He proceeded through 
 New Mexico by the way of Santa Fe to Southern 
 California, and on the 6th of December, 1846, with 
 his command participated in the battle of San 
 Pascual. Kearney commanded the marines, 
 sailors, volunteers and a detachment of dragoons 
 in the battles of San Gabriel and battles on the 
 plains of Mesa, January 8th and 9th, 1847. 
 
 Captain Fremont in the spring of 1845 set out 
 on his third expedition to explore the land and 
 maritime facilities of California and Oregon, and 
 w^ith his command reached California in the 
 spring of 1845, having crossed the Sierras in 
 mid-winter. General Castro, the Governor of 
 California, regarded Fremont's presence as un- 
 friendly and prepared to attack him. Fremont 
 concluded to go north in the execution of the 
 purposes of his mission. A bearer of dispatches 
 
[ 15 ] 
 
 from Washington overtook him on the 9th of 
 May, 1846, near the Klamath Lake, and directed 
 him to return to California, observe movements, 
 and await orders. He promptly retraced his 
 steps and raised the flag of Independence, and 
 was supported by the American settlers who 
 flocked to his standard. On the 27th day of 
 May, Fremont organized the California Battalion, 
 of which he was appointed Major. On July 4th, 
 1846, Fremont was elected Governor of Cali- 
 fornia by the settlers. As soon as the news ar- 
 rived that war existed between the United States 
 and Mexico, the project of making California an 
 independent State was abandoned. On the 19th 
 of Jul}^, 1846, Fremont with 160 mounted rifle- 
 men joined Commodore Sloat's forces at Mon- 
 terey. About the same time Commodore Stock- 
 ton arrived at Monterey with the frigate Congress 
 and took command of the Pacific squadron with 
 authority to conquer California. Stockton ap- 
 pointed Fremont Military Commander and Civil 
 Governor. 
 
 Active measures were taken by the land and 
 naval forces to make a complete conquest of the 
 countr}^, which was perfected on the 13th of 
 January, 1847, ^Y Articles of Capitulation that 
 
[ i6] 
 
 left the country permanently in the possession of 
 the United States. 
 
 Attending the war in California there were 
 many thrilling adventures, and much personal 
 bravery was exhibited by our citizen soldiers. 
 
 It is especially fitting that these services 
 should be had here in Sonoma, and that this day 
 should be celebrated at this place made memor- 
 able by early and conspicuous acts of valor and 
 patriotism, which have been so faithfully and 
 eloquently described by your own esteemed 
 citizen and orator, Mr. Poppe, and by your 
 honored President of this day's proceedings, Mr. 
 Howe. 
 
 In the war with Mexico, the sons of every sec- 
 tion of the Union fought and fell side by side. 
 The Mexican battalions were brave and des- 
 perate, but had not the fortitude and steadiness 
 that a colder climate and thorough drill gave to 
 our soldiers. 
 
 Our army encountered not only Mexican ba}'- 
 onets, but the pestilential climate of Mexico — 
 more destructive than bayonets and bullets. 
 
 The parched sands and heated atmosphere of 
 that southern clime licked up some of the best 
 blood of our army. Long may the survivors live 
 
[ >7 ] 
 
 to enjoy the excellencies of the Govi^rnnienl they 
 defended, and the gratitude of the people. 
 
 OUR REVOLUTION 
 
 Has been so often the theme of discourse, and 
 its great events, beginning with Bunker Hill and 
 ending with Yorktown, so minutel}^ described, 
 that they are familiar to all. 
 
 In this war our forefathers encountered a foe 
 hardy, disciplined w4th drill and battle, and ani- 
 mated with the flush of victories on hundreds of 
 ensanguined fields. 
 
 For seven long years, in poverty and destitu- 
 tion they contended against the most wealthy 
 and the most powerful nation on the globe. 
 
 The memory of those who have sacrificed their 
 lives for their country, and those who survived 
 the shock of battle, is made immortal not alone 
 through the pages of history, but by the institu- 
 tions they founded and the monuments they 
 have erected to arts, science and arms from 
 ocean to ocean. The enterprises, the improve- 
 ments, and the social system as well as political, 
 of this great commonwealth, rise up to witness 
 the immensity, as well as the grandeur of their 
 achievements. 
 
 The deeds of valor displayed at Lexington, 
 
[ i8 ] 
 
 Bunker Hill, Yorktown, and on the battle-fields 
 of the Revolution will be recited with thrilling 
 interest so long as patriotism and courage are 
 respected; so long as civil and religious libert}^ 
 and free government are admired by men. 
 
 DR. JOSEPH WARREN. 
 
 What name amid the innumerable distin- 
 guished names of the world's annals shines with 
 more luster than that of Dr. Joseph Warren, 
 one of the mart3^rs of the American Revolution? 
 
 We do not need to recur to the fields of Mara- 
 thon and Thermop^dge for examples of heroism 
 and patriotic virtue, but can find them in our 
 own country and among our own forefathers. 
 We behold the highest lessons of patriotism and 
 chivalric character in the contemplation of the 
 exploits and sacrifices of our own countrymen. 
 
 Gen. Warren's death, like that of many 
 others, was a source of intense public, wide- 
 spread grief "Among the dead (is recorded in 
 the Massachusetts Congressional Archives of 
 the battle of Bunker Hill) was Major-General 
 Joseph Warren, a man whose memory will be 
 endeared to his countrymen and to the worthy 
 in every part and age of the world so long as 
 
[ 19 ] 
 
 virtue and valor shall be esteemed among man- 
 kind." 
 
 We have come here this day to pay a grateful 
 tribute to all those who have joined in battle in 
 our country's cause, whether at Lexington or 
 Cerro Gordo, at Monmouth or Buena Vista; and 
 let no inauspicious age come that bears not wit- 
 ness of our gratitude for their services and their 
 worth. 
 
 We come here to pay a tribute to all of those 
 who have by endurance, by fortitude, by brav- 
 ery, and by suffering, contributed to build up 
 this great nation, whether fallilig in the tem- 
 pests of the ocean, through the hardships of early 
 settlements, by the tomahawk of the savage, by 
 the soldiers of the Mother Countr}^ or a foreign 
 foe. Wherever the bones of our countrymen lie 
 bleaching, from Maine to Oregon, they having 
 fallen in the great struggle for freedom and 
 nationality, we come here to join in reverent 
 and grateful remembrance of their names, their 
 services and their sufferings. 
 
 The battles of constitutional liberty have been 
 nobly fought, and the inestimable prize won at 
 terrible cost. 
 
 To secure the independence of the United 
 States from Great Britain, and to defend the 
 
[ 20] 
 
 country from foreign aggressions, have cost in- 
 describable hardships and sufferings, and the 
 best blood of the nation. 
 
 The ensanguined fields of Saratoga and York- 
 town, of Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec, are me- 
 morials of the sacrifices made and the great 
 work accomplished. 
 
 The freedom of our countr^^ is our heroes' 
 epitaph; its prosperity, its peace and its happi- 
 ness their everlasting memorial. 
 
 And until "the skies fade and the sun grows 
 dim and nature sinks in years/' ma}^ this and 
 the long procession of coming generations rall}^ 
 around and be true to the star spangled banner 
 and proclaim worthy of the highest gratitude 
 and admiration those who bore it gallantly and 
 triumphantly on the fields of carnage, through 
 the smoke and thunders of battle, with faith and 
 courage daring the quick stroke of the flashing 
 saber, the piercing ba^^onet, the crashing shot 
 and screeching shell. 
 
 The people of the United States have not 
 only repelled invasion and thrown off the yoke 
 of foreign and despotic power, but the}^ have re- 
 organized their own political and social s^^stem 
 on the principles of equality and justice, and 
 established a Republic adapted to the develop- 
 
[ 21 ] 
 
 ment of enterprise, to the unfolding of talent, to 
 the exhibition of the loftiest flights of genius, 
 and to the creation of the most exalted and sub- 
 lime character. 
 
 The citizens of this Republic can now ex- 
 claim: 
 
 ••Qh Hberty I heaven'? choice prerogative. 
 True bond of law : thou social soul of property ; 
 Thou breath of reason : Hfe of Hfe itseU\" 
 
 PERILS TO THE GOVERXMEXT. 
 
 In the early ages of the world one of the 
 greatest disturbing elements, which imperilled 
 the peace and perpetuity of nations, was the con- 
 flict between the common people and the nobles ; 
 between the plebeian and patrician. 
 
 This difference was so great, the evils result- 
 ing from class dissensions so powerful and 
 malign that it assumed the expressive name of 
 ''the irrepressible conflict." 
 
 Pestilence and famine could only temporarily 
 stifle the spirit of discord. 
 
 The historian of Italy records that four hun- 
 dred and fifty years before the Christian era a 
 terrible pestilence again and again swept the 
 Roman Empire. The woes of the land were so 
 great that there was a temporary cessation of 
 
[ 22 ] 
 
 hostilities between the common people and the 
 nobles, bnt when better times dawned npon the 
 country the old conflict revived. It was this fell 
 spirit that caused Cassius and Brutus to imbrue 
 their hands in the blood of Caesar. 
 
 Happil}' there is no occasion for such a con- 
 flict in this Republic. We have the principles 
 of equalit}' and equal rights inscribed in a Con- 
 stitution more enduring than the twelve tablets 
 of brass which contained the Roman Constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 There should be no tyranny of wealth and 
 rank over popular rights in this countr3^ There 
 is the same law, the same government and the 
 same tribunals of justice for all, and the doc- 
 trine of equality is so thoroughl}- implanted in 
 the Constitution and in the hearts of our coun- 
 trymen that nothing but the utter demoraliza- 
 tion of the people and the most dire and bloody 
 revolution can disturb it. 
 
 All just causes of internal strife and intestine 
 war are removed. There is nothing in our 
 social fabric, or in the laws of the land, or in the 
 principles of our Government to array class 
 against class or interest against interest, but 
 distrust and dissension are absolutely forbidden 
 
[23 ] 
 
 by the spirit of our laws and the genius of our 
 Government. 
 
 Happily this is the land where the various 
 and multiform interests are united by the bonds 
 of mutual dependence and mutual benefit. 
 There is no real antagonism between the various 
 departments of industry, no more than there is 
 between intellect and organism, or between the 
 brain and hand. 
 
 The tares of Nihilism, anarchism and dyna- 
 mitism are not the productions of our forefathers 
 or of our Government, and should be plucked 
 up and burned in unquenchable fire. 
 
 In building up society and State some may 
 contribute one commodity and some another, 
 some capital and some labor, and all harmonize 
 in producing individual profit, individual hap- 
 piness and public prosperity. 
 
 There is no just or reasonable cause of clash- 
 ing in rights or interests, public or private. All 
 have the' absolute right to determine their en- 
 gagements and pursuits in life, providing they 
 do not infringe upon the rights of others or are 
 not engaged in business detrimental to the safe- 
 ty of the State, and all alike have the same con- 
 stitutional guarantee of security to their persons, 
 property and pursuits. 
 
[ 24] 
 
 Every one in this Repnblic has not only the 
 right of the protection of law, bnt he has the 
 conscience, the intelligence, the honor and the 
 power of the nation to protect him and enforce 
 the law, and woe will betide any nation when it 
 has neither the spirit nor power to afford that 
 protection. 
 
 That this protection may be intelligent and 
 effective, school houses, lecture rooms and 
 churches adorn the land. To enlighten the 
 mind, to enliven conscience, to elevate purpose, 
 ambition and taste is the object of education. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF FREE SCHOOLS 
 
 Has been established, and has made accessible to 
 all, places of usefulness, influence and honor. 
 Tn these schools sound public sentiments are 
 promulgated, and love of order and respect for 
 law are taught. In these nurseries for the 
 3^oung, respect for virtue is cultivated, and the 
 glorious traditions of ancestral renown are re- 
 cited and preserved and religion honored. 
 
 As we study the history of our countr}^, its in- 
 stitutions, its industries, the capacit}^ of our 
 climate and soil for unlimited production, the 
 material resources and intellectual and spiritual 
 
[ 25 J 
 
 aspirations of our people, a boundless field of 
 future prosperity and glory is unfolded. 
 
 Education embraces a broad field. It does not 
 consist simply in mastering mathematics, the 
 classics, literature and the arts, but in restrain- 
 ing the passions, and in cultivating and inspiring 
 patriotic, worthy and lofty motives. 
 
 THE SAFETY OF THE REPUBLIC 
 
 Depends not alone upon the diffusion of knowl- 
 edge in colleges, public schools and churches, 
 but largely to 
 
 HOME INFLUENCE AND A MOTHER'S CARE. 
 
 There exists a power, a noiseless, ceaseless 
 and uncomplaining agency connected with every 
 individual life, whose importance cannot be 
 over-estimated. To do justice to maternal influ- 
 ence and authority, and as a most worthy and 
 deserving tribute to mothers, I cheerfully adopt 
 the language of the most eminent statesman 
 that America has produced. 
 
 It is the promulgation of sound morals in the 
 community, and more especially by the training 
 and instruction of the young, that woman per- 
 forms her part toward the preservation of a free 
 Government. It is generally admitted that pub- 
 lic liberty and the perpetuity of a free constitu- 
 
[26 ] 
 
 tion rest on the intelligence and the virtue of 
 the community which enjoys it. How is that 
 virtue to be inspired, and how is that intelligence 
 to be imparted ? Bonaparte once asked Madame 
 de Stael, in what manner he could best promote 
 the happiness of France ? Her repl}^ is full of 
 political wisdom. She said, instruct the mothers 
 of the French people. Mothers are indeed the 
 affectionate and effective teachers of the human 
 race. The mother begins her process of training 
 with the infant in her arms. It is she, so to 
 speak, that directs its first mental and spiritual 
 pulsations. She conducts it along the impressi- 
 ble years of childhood and youth and hopes to 
 deliver it to the stern conflicts and tumultuous 
 scenes of life, armed with those good principles 
 which her child has received from maternal care 
 and love. 
 
 If we draw within the circle of our contempla- 
 tion the mothers of a civilized nation, what do 
 we see ? We behold so many artificers working 
 not on frail and perishable matter, but on the 
 immortal mind, moulding and fashioning beings 
 who are to live forever. We applaud the artist 
 whose skill and genius present the mimic man 
 on canvas ; we admire and celebrate the sculp- 
 tor who works out that same image in enduring 
 
[ 27 ] 
 
 marble ; but how insignificant are these achieve- 
 ments, though the highest and the fairest in all 
 the departments of art, in comparison with the 
 great vocation of mothers ? They work not on 
 canvas that shall perish or the marble that shall 
 crumble into dust, but upon mind, upon spirit, 
 which is to last forever, and which is to bear for 
 good or evil throughout its duration the impress 
 of a* mother's plastic hand. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES 
 Of our Government are pure and correct. It is 
 the work of masters and heroes. The seeds of 
 permanent friendship, order and tranquillity are 
 planted everywhere, and universal accord is now 
 assured in the patriotic sentiment, " Liberty and 
 union, one and inseparable, now and forever." 
 
 Wherever civilization carries its cheer and 
 hopes, the rise and progress of our Republic, and 
 the events of its history, excite deep and vital 
 interest and produce a most salutar}^ effect. 
 
 There is nothing in our form of government to 
 render it unstable or the rights of its citizens in- 
 secure if intelligently and honestly administered. 
 
 Through great tribulation its defects have 
 been discovered and corrected, and it is now re- 
 generated and established on the rock of justice 
 and equalit}'. 
 
[ 2S ] 
 
 The divine truths entertained and espoused by 
 Patrick Henry, Adams, Otis and Jefferson were 
 earl}^ published to the world, have been submit- 
 ted to the arbitrament of war, refined and per- 
 fected in the blaze of battle, established at the 
 mouth of the cannon, and recorded in the Con- 
 stitution of the United States, there to remain 
 the fundamental law of the land, undimmed by 
 time forever. 
 
 As long as the sun rises and trees blossom, as 
 long as universal nature moves on in harmonious 
 action in the consummation of Jehovah's great 
 plan, so long may coming generations reverence 
 the heroic past, maintain the cardinal principles 
 of our Constitution, Justice, Equality and Lib- 
 erty, sustain and uphold this Republic, and ena- 
 ble it to fulfill its high destiny, 
 
 " The hope of all who suffer ; 
 
 The fear of all who wrong." 
 
I TRRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
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