MM Class Book. SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT JOHNSON'S AND WALKER'S ENGLISH DICTIONARIES, COMBINED Boston Stereotffjie IStrttiou* .oka THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. TO Dr. Johnson is universally conceded the first rank among Englisji lexicographers ; and to Mr. Walker is assigned a similar rank among English orthoepists. The Dictionary, which is now offered to the public, is founded upon the great work of Johnson, corrected and enlarged by Mr. Todd j and it embraces, also, the entire labours of Walker on the pronunciation of the language. It has been formed on such a plan as to comprise all the most important materials, and to answer all the essential uses, of a Dictionary for understanding, writing, and speaking the English language ; and, at the same time, to enable the reader to see, as far as possible, on whose authority every thing rests. By the preceding explanations, one may not only have a general understanding of the plan of the work, but also form an idea of the nature and extent of the duty and responsibility of the Editor. Some further remarks, however, on the different parts of the volume, may not be useless. ]n this connexion, it will not be improper to insert the titles of the several works (with the exception of that of Walker's Key, which stands in its proper place), on which this Dictionary is founded ; as by these the reader will see what the authors proposed to accomplish. Title of Todd's (second) Edition of Johnson : — "A Dictionary of the Eng- lish Language : in which the Words are deduced from their Originals ; and illustrated in their different Significations, by Examples from the best Writers : together with a History of the Language, and an English Grammar : by Samuel Johnson, LL. D. : — with numerous Corrections, and with the Addi- tion of several thousand Words, as also with Additions to the History of the Language and to the Grammar : by the Rev. H. J. Todd, M. A., F. S. A., and M. R. S. L., Chaplain in ordinary to his Majesty, and Rector of Set trington, County of York." Title of Chalmers's Abridgement : — " A Dictionary of the English Lan- guage : in which the Words are deduced from their Originals, explained in their different Meanings, and authorized by the Names of the Writers in whose Works they are found : by Samuel Johnson, LL. D. : — abridged from the Rev. H. J. Todd's corrected and enlarged [first] quarto Edition : by Alexander Chalmers, F. S. A." Title of Walker's Dictionary : — " A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, and Expositor of the English Language : in which not only the Meaning of every Word is clearly explained, and the Sound of every Syllable distinctly shown, but, where Words are subject to different Pronunciations, the Authori- ties of our best Pronouncing Dictionaries are fully exhibited, the Reasons for each are at large displayed, and the preferable Pronunciation is pointed out : to which are prefixed, Principles of English Pronunciation : in which the Sounds of Letters, Syllables, and Words, are critically investigated, and systematically arranged ; the Influence of the Greek and Latin Accent and Quantity on the Accent and Quantity of the English, is thoroughly examined, and clearly defined ; and the Analogies of the Language are so fully shoivn as to lay the Foundation of a consistent and rational Pronunciation : like wise, Rules to be observed by the Natives of Scotland, Ireland, and London for avoiding their respective Peculiarities ; and Directions to Foreigners fo\ vili THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. acquiring a Knowledge of the Use of this Dictionary : the whole interspersed with Observations, Etymological, Critical, and Grammatical: by John Walker, Author of Elements of Elocution, Rhyming Dictionary, he. he" Dr. Johnson's large Dictionary was first published in 1755. During the space of upwards of seventy years, which have since passed away, the English language has undergone considerable change ; and if, to use the words of the great lexicographer, " no dictionary of a living tongue can ever be perfect, since, while it is hastening to publication, some words are budding, and some falling away," his work must necessarily display the language more imperfectly now, than at the time of its first appearance. He observes, that he " fixed Sidney's work" (Sir Philip Sidney, who died in 1586) " for the boundary, beyond which he made few excursions." But the earlier English authors have of late excited so much attention, as to render a glossary of their productions desirable. Mr. Todd has, accordingly, undertaken to adapt the Dictionary to the present taste with regard to English literature, by inserting the words found in the old, and heretofore neglected, writers ; and also to the present state of the language, hf adding such words as have come into use since the first publication of the work. By turning over the pages of this volume, and observing the words which are marked as added by Mr. Todd, one will readily perceive that a dictionary, which was destitute of all such, would be extremely defective. But on the labours of Mr. Todd, which indicate very extensive reading, especially as it regards the early English writers, it is unnecessary to enlarge, as his own account of them is presented to the reader. The following notice is prefixed to Mr. Chalmers's Abridgement : — " This volume contains every word in Mr. Todd's edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary ; and above fourteen thousand more than were given in Dr. Johnson's Abridge- ment. The whole forms the most extensive vocabulary ever published, and, in consequence of the additions introduced by Mr. Todd, it becomes a com- plete glossary of the early English writers." Mr. Chalmers's work was formed from Mr. Todd's first edition. His second edition, which was published in February, 1827, contains nearly a thousand additional words, and was re- ceived in season to have these inserted in the Appendix of this Dictionary. These, together with the other words newly added, increase the excess above the number of words in Dr. Johnson's Abridgement to upwards of fifteen thousand. Dr. Johnson's Preface to his large Dictionary, Mr. Todd's Advertisements and Introduction, and Walker's Preface, together with all his introductory matter, as well as his Principles of English Pronunciation, are inserted in full ; as it was thought the work would be rendered less satisfactory by the omission of any part of them. The Dictionary, properly so called, comprising the vocabulary of words, with their definitions, he, is formed chiefly by a union of Mr. Chalmers's Abridgement and Walker's Pronouncing Dictionary ; but with the omission of Walker's definitions, except with regard to those words in his Dictionary (not much exceeding one hundred in number), which are not found in Mr. Todd's edition of Johnson. In many instances, in which the Editor has observed the omission by Mr. Chalmers of something particularly important, he has ex- tracted from Dr. Johnson or Mr. Todd additional matter or remarks, etymo- logical, explanatory, or critical. To the words contained in this Dictionary, which are not found in Walker's, the pronunciation has been added, according to Walker's Principles, so far as those Principles could be applied ; and this was easily done, with respect to most of them. A considerable number however, some of them words now out of use, others local or provincial, and rarely found in books, and others from foreign languages, and not anglicised, presented more or less difficulty. Respecting those words, with regard to which Walker's method failed to THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. 1X furnish him with a guide, the Editor has availed himself of such other aids as he could obtain ; but some words he has left unpronounced, and with respect to some, to which he has added the pronunciation, he may have fallen into error : he hopes, however, the instances will not be found numerous or important. With respect to many words of doubtful pronunciation, or concerning which orthoepists differ, and particularly those respecting which Walker has omitted to exhibit this difference, the Editor has introduced the pronunciation of others, with the names of the authorities, enclosed in brackets; yet, in all cases, making use of Walker's method of notation. By this means, the Dictionary has been rendered more satisfactory ; as, in all doubtful cases, it must be agreeable to those who consult it, to see the different modes of different orthoepists ; and, in some instances, most persons will probably prefer the pronunciation of some other, to that of Walker. When the name of Perry is introduced, reference is always had to his " Synonymous, Etymological, and Pronouncing English Dictionary," in royal 8vo, which was first published in 1805, and which differs, in the pronunciation of many words, from Perry's " Royal Standard English Dictionary." The latter work, which is often re- ferred to by Walker, has heretofore had a very extensive circulation in this country, and has been of great influence in fixing the prevailing pronunciation, especially in the Northern States. But the larger work of Perry, which is little known among us, and which does not appear to have been at all used by Walker, is found to agree with him in many cases, in which the other differs from him. The Appendix contains all the words newly added by Mr. Todd in his second edition ; a number of words, that are found in the body of the Dictionary, here repeated for the sake of some correction or remark ; a few words of unquestionable authority, which were omitted by Dr. Johnson and Mr. Todd ; and some words which are more or less used in America. The Editor, however, has not undertaken to supply all the authorized English words, which are omitted, nor to remark upon all that are imperfectly exhibited, in the Dictionary ; but he has noticed such only as readily occurred to him, without any extended research. There are some words, which have grown out of our peculiar institutions and local circumstances, and some new uses of authorized English words, which are not to be condemned ; but there are other new words, which have sprung up among us, and new applications of old ones, which deserve no countenance. The number of Americanisms, however, which are properly so called, is not great. Some words, which have been so considered, are to be found in the writings of Englishmen, as well as Americans ; and many others had their origin in Great Britain, and are still known in some parts of that country as provincialisms, though they are not often found in books. In preparing the Appendix, the Editor has made a free use of the Vocabulary of Americanisms, by his learned and respected friend, Mr. Pickering, who furnished him with his interleaved copy, containing much useful information in manuscript ; but who has been obliged, on account of his professional engage- ments, to decline rendering those further services, which were hoped from him, in regard to this part of the work. He has also been permitted to use an interleaved copy of the same Vocabulary, belonging to the Rev. Dr. Porter of Andover, from which he obtained some valuable materials. To Mr. Pick- ering's work, which was published in 1816, and which has had a salutary influence on our literature, by calling the attention of our scholars to the occa- sional deviations of American writers from pure English, a reference is always given, in noticing such words as are found in it. In many cases, however, in which a reference is made, the information here given is not wholly taken from B X THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. that volume ; though, on most of the articles, it contains much more than could be properly admitted here. As many of the words in Mr. Pickering's book are now to be found among the additions of Mr. Todd, there was no occasion to insert such, except in a few instances, in the Appendix. Reference has also been made to Mr. Webster's Dictionary (published in 1806), with regard to such of the words as are found in that work, from which the definitions of them have also been partly taken. The plan of this Dictionary precluded the Editor from going into any discussion of doubtful or disputed topics ; yet, concise and imperfect as the Appendix is, he hopes it will not be found entirely useless Care has been taken to present a corrected edition of Walker's Key. Many errors and inconsistencies have been detected in the different English and American editions which have been examined ; and in some instances, it has been difficult to ascertain what was the real pronunciation intended by the author. The Key lias been improved by exhibiting the variations of Perry and of Fulton and Knight, with regard to Scripture Proper Names. Though Walker may be regarded, in most cases, as the highest single authority, yet there are instances, in which the pronunciation of the others may be esteemed preferable ; and it may also be satisfactory to the American reader to know, that, with regard to nearly all the words not contained in the lists of the va- riations of Perry and of Fulton and Knight, their pronunciation coincides with his. The List of Authors, with the reigns in which they flourished (which is abridged from that of Mr. Todd, yet containing all the names that he enumer- ates), will not be without benefit to many who may make use of the Dictionary, as it will, in various cases, afford assistance in determining the authority of words, and whether they are of long standing, or of recent introduction into the language. Many of the words added by Mr. Todd are taken from Provincial Glossaries, and many are derived from the early English writers. Of the latter, many more are now entirely obsolete than are so noted by him ; and the reader, on finding no other than an old writer quoted as an authority for an uncommon word, will naturally conclude that it is not now in use. In this Dictionary the orthography of Dr. Jonnson and Mr. Todd remains unaltered, with the exception of a few instances hereafter mentioned. " Dr. Johnson's Dictionary," says Mr. Nares, " has nearly fixed the external form of our language." Before the publication of that work, the orthography of the English language was very unsettled ; and even now, there are. many words, with regard to which it is far from being uniform. Some of the principal varieties are those which relate to the use of k at the end of words of more than one syllable, when preceded by c ; as, critick or critic, publick or public ; and the u in the last syllable of such words as favour, honour, he. The final k is retained in all the editions, both of Johnson's large Dictionary, and his Abridgement. It is also found in most of the dictionaries that were published before that of Johnson ; — in Minsheu's (Spanish and English) ; in Cotgrave's (French and English) ; in Sherwood's (English and French) ; in Holyoke's (Latin and English) ; in Gouldman's (Latin and English) ; in Little- ton's (Latin and English) ; in Boyer's (French and English) ; and in the English Dictionaries of Coles, Phillips, and Bailey : but on the other hand, it is omitted in Ainsivorth's Dictionary (Latin and English, folio edition of 1752.) Of the dictionaries which have been published since Johnson's, it is retained in Sheridan's, Walker's, and Jones's ; also in Kenrick's, in substantives, but omit- ted in adjectives. Of the English dictionaries which have appeared since the first publication of Johnson's, the following, namely, Fenning's, Entick's, Bar- THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. X1 clay's, Ash's, Dyche's, Scott's, Perry's, and Fulton and Knighfs, omit the k ; and it is likewise omitted in the popular English spelling books. Walker remarks, that its " omission is too general to be counteracted, even by the authority of Johnson." The general usage, both in England and America, is, at present, so strongly in favour of its omission, that the retaining of it seems now to savour of affectation or singularity. The omission of the u, in words ending with the syllable our, or or, is much less common than that of the final k. It is uniformly retained in all the dictionaries above enumerated, with the exception of Entick's and Ash's, in one class of words ; as, favour, honour, he. : though it is omitted in most of them in another class of words ; as, inferior, superior, horror, terror, he. Although Mr. Todd has not made any considerable changes in the orthog- raphy of Johnson, yet he has altered the spelling in a number of instances. The words abridgement, acknowledgement, and judgement, Johnson writes without the silent e in the penultimate syllable, though he writes lodgement with it. In all these words, Mr. Todd inserts the silent e. The inconsistencies with re- gard to the orthography of the following words, as they are found in Johnson, have been removed by Mr. Todd : — namely, moveable, moveableness, unremovea- ble, unremoveably, immovable, immovably, removable ; docile, indocil ; chastely, chastness. In the word movable, and its derivatives, Mr. Todd omits the e in the antepenultimate syllable, and he writes indocile and chasteness. But there are other inconsistencies, equally obvious, which Mr. Todd has suffered to remain unaltered ; as may be seen in the following words : — ache, toothache, headach ; ambergris, verdigrise ; anteriour, posterior ; interiour, exterior; apprized, unapprised; bias, unbiass ; bigoted, unbigotted ; brier, sweetbriar ; burrow (a hole made by conies), conyborough; connexion, its*- connection; controllable, uncontroulable. The words in Italics are conceived to be deviations from the right orthography, according to Johnson's princi- ples, and they have been altered in this Dictionary. But there are some other inconsistencies, which have not been removed, as may be seen in the following words : — imbitter, disembitter ; imbody, disembody ; imbosom, disembosom ; re- call, miscal ; waterfall, overfal ; stanch, unstaunched. There are several words which often appear, in the best modern publications, in a different orthography from that found in the dictionaries ; among which are connexion, control, meager, and raindeer ; which we often see written connection, controul, meagre, and reindeer. There is a great want of uniform- ity in the mode of writing the plural of those nouns, which, in the singular, end in ey ; as, valley, valleys or vallies ; attorney, attorneys or attornies, he. The rule of Perry and of Murray, in such cases, is explicit : — " Nouns of the singular number," says the former, " ending in ey, require the addition of s only, for the formation of their plural; as, attorney, attorneys ; chimney, chim- neys." Johnson, in cases of this sort, is not always consistent ; but, in this Dictionary, the orthography of such plurals has been made to conform to the rule here quoted. And, as a general principle, the orthography of words throughout the volume, has been rendered conformable to that which stands in the alphabetical series. The first edition of Walker's "Critical Pronouncing Dictionary" was pub- lished in 1791 ; and the fourth edition (which was the last that was printed under his superintendence) was published in 1806. This is regarded as the best, and it has been made the standard, in editing the present work. Since the death of Walker, which took place in 1807, his Dictionary has passed through numerous editions in England ; and it has also been stereotyped both in that country and in this. X1 i THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. Walker, in preparing his Dictionary, made pronunciation his principal object ; and for this his work is chiefly valued. His explanations of words are profes- sedly copied almost wholly from Johnson ; but on the pronunciation of the English language, no other person, probably, ever bestowed so much attention. He studied the analogy of the language with care, and took great pains to ascer- tain the prevailing usage. His design was, as he expresses it, "principally to give a kind of history of pronunciation, and a register of its present state." The following remarks of his show what advantages he enjoyed for giving such a register : — " To a man born, as I was, within a few miles of the capital [London], living in the capital almost my whole life, and exercising myself there in public speaking , for many years 5 to such a person, if to any one, the true pronunciation of the language must be very familiar." * Sheridan's Dictionary, which was published in 1780, had considerable reputation ; though it was universally acknowledged to have great defects ; and it was superseded by that of Walker. The latter, however, has nut been supplanted by any- more recent work, but still maintains its popularity, and con- tinues to undergo frequent reimpressions. Since the publication of Walker's Dictionary, there have appeared in Great Britain two small Pronouncing Dictionaries, which have been favourably received ; one by Stephen Jones, of London, and the other by G. Fulton and G. Knight, of Edinburgh. The authors of both these works have been much indebted to Walker, and do not withhold from him a tribute of commen- dation. Fulton and Knight observe, that " Sheridan and Walker, by their Dictionaries, have afforded the most effectual means of acquiring an accurate pronunciation." " On the useful invention of Mr. Sheridan," says Mr. Jones, " a valuable improvement had been made by the late Mr. Walker, whose Dictionary is a work of much labour and great merit." But, though Walker holds the first rank as an orthoepist, yet he ought not to be implicitly followed. The ultimate standard of pronunciation is not his mere authority, nor that of any other individual ; but it is the usage of literary and wellbred society ; and so far, and so far only, as his Dictionary is an accurate register of such usage, is it proper, according to his own principles, that it should be relied upon as a guide. It may not be without use to make here some strictures on the real or supposed defects of Walker, and to exhibit a comparison, in a few points, between his system and those of others, who have preceded or followed him in the same department of literature. This comparison, together with the varieties exhibited in the Dictionary, with regard to words of doubtful or various pronunciation, will enable the reader to understand the most important points of difference among the most distinguished orthoepists. It should be remembered, that, when these writers speak of the pronunciation of the lan- guage, and exhibit their systems of notation, they intend to give us that finished and exact pronunciation, which would be used in public speaking, and not the more lax and careless utterance, which is often heard in familiar conversation. Walker has been thought to be too sparing in the use of his second, or Ital- an sound of a, as heard in far and father. In the following words, and their compounds, he pronounces a with its fourth sound, as in fat ; but JYares and Jones give it the sound of a in father : — * Walker's employment, as a teacher of elocution, was among the higher classes, and best educated people of England. The following testimony to his merit, from the great statesman and orator, Edmund Burke is worthy of being recorded: — " One of the persons who particularly solicited Mr. Burke's exertions on this' occasion, was Mr. (or, as he was commonly termed), Elocution Walker, author of the Pronouncing Dictionary, and other works of merit, and who had given lessons in the art to young Burke. * * * * Mr Burke one day, in the vicinity of the House of Commons, introduced him to a nobleman, accidentally passing with the following characteristic exoidium :— ' Here, my Lord Berkeley, is Mr. Walker, whom not tolc'now, by name at least, would argue want of knowledge of the harmonies, cadences, and proprieties of our language.' " Prior's Life of Burke, second London Edition, vol. ii. pp. 365, 366. THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. X1H advance, cast, ensample, last, advantage, castle, example, masculine, after, chaff, fast, mask, aghast, chance, flask, mass, alexander, chant, gasp, mast, answer, clasp, ghastly, mastiff, ant, class, glance, nasty, ask, complaisant, glass, paragraph, bask, contrast, graff, pass, basket, craft, graft, past, bastard, dance, grant, pastern, blast, dastard, grasp, pasture, bombast, draff, grass, pastor, branch, draft, hasp, pasty, brass, draught, jasper, plaster, cask, enchant, lance, plastic, casket, enhance, lass, quaff, raft, rafter, rasr, repast, sample, shaft, slander, slant, staff, task, trance, vast, waft. With regard to most of the words in the preceding list, Perry agrees in his pronunciation with Xares and Jones. Fulton and Knight also agree with them, as it respects a considerable part ; but with regard to a portion of these words, they adopt an intermediate sound of a, not so short as a in fat, nor so broad as a in father. Walker has been censured for not making a distinction, in his notation, between the sound of a in bare, fare, hair, pair, he, and in fate, pale, name, &ic. This, however, is not a defect peculiar to Walker, but is common to him with other orthoepists. No distinction is made in the sound of a, in these words, by Kenrick, Sheridan, JYares, Jones, or Fulton and Knight ; and our country- man, Mr. Webster, in his Spelling Book, places them all under the first, or long sound of a. There is, however, an obvious distinction in the sound, as the words are pronounced in this country ; and the same distinction is said to be preserved in England ; and it was used by Walker himself, in his own pronunciation, if we may rely upon the testimony of one of his pupils. Whether these orthoepists did not perceive the distinction, or whether, if they did perceive it, they did not think it sufficiently important to recognise it in their notation, it may be difficult to ascertain. Perry, however, in his " Synonymous, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary," has very properly made the distinction. The sound of long a, as mfate, he marks thus, a ; and the sound of a in bare, thus, a ; and, generally, when the sound of long a, or what is so considered by other orthoepists, is followed by r, as in care, bear, fair, trans- parent, &c., he marks it in like manner, distinguishing it from long a, in fate, name, he. It is not improbable, that all the other orthoepists made the same distinction, in their practice, that Perry has made in his notation. The manner in which the sounds of the vowels are affected by being fol- lowed by the letter r, in words of one syllable, or in words of more than one syllable, when the following syllable begins with any other consonant than r, has not always been sufficiently attended to. Sheridan has not introduced, in any instance, what Walker designates as the second sound of a, as in far, and father, but marks a in far, par, cart, part, &c., with the same sound as in hat, carry, parry, he. : nor does Perry introduce what Walker marks as the third sound of o, as in nor ; but he marks o in border and sordid with the same short sound as in borrow and sorroiv ; and both he and Sheridan mark o in for and nor with the short sound, as in lot. There is an obvious difference in the sound of u, as heard in cur, curb, fur, hurdle, &c, from its proper short sound in burrow, curry, furrow, duck, he. ; but we do not know that this difference has been noticed by any orthoepist. Xi v THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. With regard to the sound of oo, Walker remarks (Prin., No. 307), " It has a shorter sound, corresponding to the u in bull, in the words wool, wood, good, hood, foot, stood, understood, withstood ; and these are the only words where this diphthong has this middle sound." This remark of Walker is doubt- less erroneous, as this sound is given by common usage to the 00 in several other words. Besides the words above enumerated, Perry and Jones give the same sound to 00 in book, brook, cook, crook, hook, look, shook, and took : to these Perry adds hoop (for casks), and Jones adds soot and rook. Walker's method of representing the sound of i and y, unaccented, by long e, has been considered, by Jones and some others, as a defect in his system. The objection here lies against the stress, rather than the quality of the sound. The last two syllables of the word affinity, as marked by different orthoepists, will serve to indicate their respective methods of notation, with regard to the unac cented i and y : — af-fiV-ne-te, Walker : af-fin'-i-ty, Perry : af-fm'-ny-ty, Sheridan and Jones : af-nV-e-te, Fulton and Knight. These several authors doubtless intended that this word should be pronounced in precisely the same manner ; and, whichever method may be deemed the most happy, no person is in danger of being misled by either. Walker has been censured for inserting a slight sound of y before a, i, and y, in certain words ; as, guard, guide, kind, marked gyard, gyide, kyind. The same method, however, is used by Sheridan, Jones, and Fulton and Knight ; except that Sheridan omits the y in guard. It is difficult to represent the ob scure softening here intended, by any notation ; and it must be confessed that, by many speakers, it is carried to such excess as to have the appearance of gross affectation. It may be remarked, however, that the insertion of this sound is not a modern innovation. It was taken notice of by Steele, in his English Grammar, as long ago as the reign of Queen Anne, and was men- tioned before that time by Ben Jonson. Among later writers. Dr. Beattie countenances it, and Mr. Nares condemns it. {See Prin., JYos. 92 and 160/ The sound of ch, after I and n, Walker represents by sh; as, bench, branch, filch, pronounced bensh, bransh, filsh ; and in this he is followed by Fulton and Knight. Sheridan and Jones, however, use tsh instead of sh ; as, benish, brantsh, filtsh ; but the difference of sound is very slight. When d comes after the accent, and is followed by the diphthongs ia or ie, the triphthongs iou or eou, or the vowel u, Walker allows it, in many words, to take the sound of j ; but in this he is not always consistent with himself : for in some cases he gives both sounds, d and j, in others d only, and in others / only, without any apparent reason for the difference. The following words, with their pronunciation, will illustrate his manner, and also indicate some want of consistency :— odious, o'-de-us, or o'-je-us ; arduous, ar'-ju-fis ; tedious, to'-de-us, or te'-je-us ; hideous, hld'-e-us, or hid'-je-us ; obedient, o-be'-je-ent ; immediate, im-me'-de-at, or Im-me'-je-at. disobedient, dis-o-be'-de-ent ; Sheridan, in such cases, often substitutes dzh, or dy, for d. The same words are pronounced by him in the following manner : — o'-dzhus, o-be'-dzhent, ar'-du-us, im-me'-dyat. te'-dzhus, dis-o-be'-dzhent, hld'-yus, Perry and Jones, in such cases, preserve the pure sound of the d. Fulton and Knight, though they differ from Sheridan and Walker in their method THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. xr of representing the pronunciation, yet, in many cases, depart from the pure sound of the d. They pronounce the above words as follows : — o'-dyus, o-be'-dyent, ar'-du-us, im-me'-dyat te'-dyus, dis-o-be'-dyent, hid'-yus, One of the most important points in Walker's system, with respect to which there is a diversity of opinion among the learned, relates to his pronunciation of t, when it comes after the accent, and is followed by u; as in the words na- ture, natural, virtue, which, according to him, here takes the sound of tsh, the words being pronounced na'-tshure, nat'-tshu-ral, ver'-tshii. Sheridan and Jones give the same sound to t when so situated ; though they and Walker do not always agree with each other in the application of the rule. But the Scot- tish orthoepists, Perry and Fulton and Knight, on the other hand, allow the t T so situated, to retain its pure sound. Walker remarks (Prin., No. 463), " Nor is this tendency of t before long u found only when the accent immediately precedes ; for we hear the same as- piration of this letter in spiritual, spirituous, signature, ligature, forfeiture, where the accent is two syllables before these letters." But in his notation he gives t, in the words signature and ligature, its simple sound ; nor is he consistent with regard to various other words in the same predicament. To t, in the following words, aperture, caricature, comfiture, decumbiture, dis- temperature, duplicature, entablature, foliature, legislature, and overture, he gives the sound of tsh; while to t, in the following, intemperature, investiture^ limature, nutriture, portraiture, prefecture, prelature, primogeniture, quadra- ture, sepulture, serrature, iablature, and temperature, he gives its simple sound. With regard to most of the preceding words, there is certainly no good reason for the difference in the pronunciation of the last syllable. As the word caricature,) according to Walker, has the accent on the last syllable, it is di- rectly contrary to his rule (No. 463), to aspirate the t. It is, doubtless, to be regarded as an oversight ; and it has been corrected, so as to make it con- form to his rule. In the word legislature, the t, in the early editions of Walker's Dictionary, had its pure sound ; but in the fourth edition it is aspi- rated. The reason of his making a distinction between legislature and litera- ture, in this particular, appears to be, that, according to him, the former has the secondary accent on the penultimate, and the latter on the last syllable. Though the principle, that the usage of literary and wellbred society forms the standard of pronunciation, may not be disputed, still the question may be asked, Where shall we seek this usage ? The English language is spoken in countries remote from each other, each of which has its peculiarities ; and even in the different parts of England there are great diversities, It is, in- deed, impossible that all who speak the language, should be made to conform exactly to the same standard. But London is doubtless to be regarded not only as the political and commercial metropolis of the British empire, but also the metropolis of English literature; and the usage of her polite speakers is of higher authority, generally, to the numerous and widely dispersed peo- ple who speak the English language, than that of any other city ; as is the fact with regard to other capital cities ; the usage of the polite speakers of Paris and Madrid, for example, being of the highest authority with those who speak the French and Spanish languages. An orthoepist, therefore, who is conversant with the best society of London, has, by this circumstance, other things being equal, a superiority over those who do not possess this ad- vantage. In this respect, no one has been more favourably situated than Walker ; and, in the pronunciation of the great mass of words in the language, he is sup- xv i THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. ported by subsequent writers. The characteristic differences have been already- pointed out ; but these, as it regards most of the words affected by them, are slight, and no greater than was to be expected in a matter of such delicacy, and where the ear might be easily misled, unless disciplined by long and care- ful practice. Although the usage of 1jhe best society of London is entitled to more weight than that of any other city, with regard to the many millions who speak the English language ; yet it is not the only circumstance to be considered. The usage of the best society of the particular country or district, in which one re sides, is not to be disregarded. We should have little respect for the taste of him who, if all with whom be was conversant, in the pronunciation of certain words, conformed to the analogy of the language, should deviate from it, be- cause he had learned that such was the practice in London. There are some words, of which the common pronunciation in this country is more con- formable to their orthography and to analogy, than that exhibited by most of the English orthoepists ; as, cucumber, gold, raisin, housewife, Rome, wrath, and wound (rhyming with sound). Walker remarks, that it was formerly the custom, in England, to pronounce merchant mar chant, and that this was probably " the ancient manner of pronouncing every e in the same situation ; but that this analogy is now totally exploded, except with regard to clerk, sergeant, and a few proper names." But in this country, it is not uncommon to give the e in clerk and sergeant the same sound as in merchant and servant. The word asparagus is pronounced here as it is written ; nor is it the fact in this country (as Walker states it to be in England), that " the corruption of sparrowgrass is so gene- ral, that asparagus has an air of stiffness and pedantry." The following words, accept' able, commend' able, receptacle, confess' or, and successor, are generally pronounced, in the United States, with the accent as it is here placed ; nor does there appear to be any good reason for changing it for the accent winch is more fashionable in London. It is common in this country to pronounce arc, the plural of the present tense of the verb to be, like the noun air, and were, the preterit plural of the same verb, like the noun ware; and Walker's pronunciation of these words, (ar and wer), has sometimes been called in question, as though it. were pecu- liar to him ; but in this pronunciation he is supported by the most popular Eng- lish orthoepists, by Kenrick, Sheridan, Perry, Jones, and Fulton and Knight. With respect to the word therefore, which Walker pronounces therefore, he says {Prin. 94), the e in the first syllable is generally shortened, though he thinks improperly. It is pronounced in the same manner by Sheridan and Fulton and Knight; but Perry and Jones pronounce the first syllable like the monosyllable there. With what fidelity the Editor of this volume has performed his task, the public will judge. Entire accuracy, in such a work, is not to be attained ; yet he hopes, that, in this respect, this work will bear a favourable compari- son with most others of the kind ; as he is confident it will with the volumes from which it was immediately formed. Many errors may have escaped de- tection, but many have been corrected ; those in Mr. Chalmers's work alone amount to more than two thousand. But for whatever degree of typographical accuracy the work may possess, the Editor cheerfully acknowledges it is much indebted to the care of Mr. S. Phelps, the superintendent of the press at the founderv where it has been stereotyped. J. E. WORCESTER. Cambridge, Nov. 1827. CONTENTS. Page Johnson's Preface to his Abridgement xix Chalmers's Advertisement xx Johnson's Preface to his Folio Dictionary xxi Todd's Advertisement to his First Edition xxvii Todd's Introduction to his First Edition . xx?x Todd's Advertisement to his Second Edition xxxi Walker's Preface to his Pronouncing Dictionary 1 Walker's Rules for the Natives of Ireland 5 Walker's Rules for the Natives of Scotland * . . 6 Walker's Directions to Foreigners 8 Walker's Principles of English Pronunciation 11 Walker's Table of Simple and Diphthongal Vowels 50 TODD'S JOHNSON'S DICTIONARY, as abridged by Chalmers, with WALKER'S CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, combined 53 Appendix 1035 Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names 1055 Variations of Perry in the Pronunciation of Scripture Proper Names 1132 Variations of Fulton and Knight ... 1134 Walker's Observations on the Greek and Latin Accent and Quantity 1135 Xiist of Authors cited as Authorities 1149 c Dr. JOHNSON'S PREFACE TO HIS ABRIDGEMENT, FIRST PUBLISHED IN*TWO VOLS. OCTAVO, 1756. . HAVING been long employed in the study and cultivation of the English language, I lately published a Dictionary, like those compiled by the academies of Italy and France, for the use of such as aspire to exactness of criticism, or elegance of style. But it has been since considered, that works of that kind are by no means necessary to the greater number of readers, who, seldom intending to write, or presuming to judge, turn over books only to amuse their leisure, and to gain degrees of knowledge suitable to lower characters, or necessary to the common business of life : these know not any other use of a dictionary, than that of adjusting orthography, and explaining terms of science, or words of infrequent occurrence, or remote derivation. For these purposes many dictionaries have been written by different authors, and with different degrees of skill ; but none of them have yet fallen into my hands, by which even the lowest expectations could be satisfied. Some of their authors wanted industry, and others literature : some knew not their own defects, and others were too idle to supply them. For this reason a small dictionary appeared yet to be wanting to common readers ; and as I may, without arrogance, claim to myself a longer acquaintance with the lexicography of our language than any other writer has had, I shall hope to be considered as having more experience, at least, than most of my predecessors, and as more likely to accommodate the nation with a vocabulary of daily use. I therefore offer to the publick an abstract or epitome of my former work. In comparing this with other dictionaries of the same kind, it will be found to have several advantages. I. It contains many words not to be found in any other. II. Many barbarous terms and phrases, by which other dictionaries may vitiate the style, are rejected from this. III. The words are more correctly spelled, partly by attention to their ety- mology, and partly by observation of the practice of the best authors. IV. The etymologies and derivations, whether from foreign languages or from native roots, are more diligently traced, and more distinctly noted. V. The senses of each word are more copiously enumerated, and more clearly explained. VI. Many words occurring in the elder authors, such as Spenser, Shakspeare, and Milton, which had been hitherto omitted, are here carefullv inserted ; so that this book may serve as a glossary or expository index to the poetical writers. VII. To the words, and to the different senses of each word, are subjoined from the large Dictionary the names of those writers by whom they have been used ; so that the reader, who knows the different periods of the language, and the time of its authors, may judge of the elegance or prevalence of any word, or meaning of a word ; and, without recurring to other books, may know what are antiquated, what are unusual, and what are recommended by the best authority. The words of this Dictionary, as opposed to others, are more diligently collected, more accurately spelled, more faithfully explained, and more authenti- cally ascertained. Of an abstract it is not necessary to say more ; and I hope it will not be found that truth requires me to say less. S. J. CHALMERS'S ADVERTISEMENT. TO this Preface, [the preceding one of Dr. Johnson,] which exhibits the de sign and utility of the Abridgement, it is necessary to add, that the labours, the research, and the extensive reading of Mr. Todd, have enriched the original work with several thousand words, forming, in the whole, the greatest col- lection, that has ever appeared in any English dictionary. The former editions of Dr. Johnson's Abridgement have been deficient in one respect, which was but recently discovered by a careful comparison with the original. According to the rule which the learned author appears to have pre- scribed to himself, but of which he has taken no notice in his Preface, this volume was u an abstract or epitome" in more respects than one. Not content with omitting the authorities as given at full length, and the etymological remarks, (a rule that has been adhered to in the present Abridgement,) Dr. Johnson left out a great number of words, which he probably deemed of inferior importance, but which, in the revolution of language, have now acquired an equal interest with those admitted. In the work, however, now before the reader, every word in Mr. Todd's valuable edition has been given. A. C MM Dr. JOHNSON'S PREFACE TO THE FOLIO EDITION OF HIS DICTIONARY. IT is the fate of those, who toil at the lower employ- analogy, and produces anomalous formations, that, being ments of life, to be rather driven by the fear of evil,than once incorporated, can never be afterwards dismissed or attracted by the prospect of good ; to be exposed to censure 1 1 reformed. without hope of praise; to be disgraced by miscarriage, or punished for neglect, where success would have been without applause, and diligence without reward. Among these unhappy mortals is the writer of diction- aries, whom mankind have considered, not as the pupil, but the slave of science, the pioneer of literature, doomed only to remove rubhish and clear obstructions from the paths, through which Learning and Geniu3 press forward to con- quest and glory, without bestowing a smile on the humble drudge that facilitates their progress. Every other author may aspire to praise ; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach ; and even this negative recompense has been yet granted to very few. I have, notwithstanding this discouragement, attempted a dictionary of the English language, which, while it was employed in the cultivation of every species of literature, has' itself been hitherto neglected, suffered to spread, un- der the direction of chance, into wild exuberance, resigned to the tyranny of time and fashion, and exposed to the cor- ruptions of ignorance, and caprices of innovation. When I took the first survey of my undertaking, I found our speech copious without order, and energetick without Of this kind are the derivatives length from long, strength from strong, darling from dear, breadth from broad, from dry, drought, and from high, height, which Milton, in zeal for analogy, writes highth t "■ Quid te ex- emptajuvat spinis depluribus una V To change all would be too much, and to change one is nothing. This uncertainty is most frequent in the vowels, which are so capriciously pronounced, and so differently modified, by accident or affectation, not only in every province, but in every mouth, that to them, as is well known to ety- mologists, little regard is to be shown in the deduction of one language from another. Such defects are not errours in orthography, but spots of barbarity impressed so deep in the English language, that criticism can never wash them away ; these, there- , fore, must be permitted to remain untouched: but many words have likewise been altered by accident, or depraved by ignorance, as the pronjneiation of the vulgar has been weakly followed ; and some still continue to be variously | written, as authors differ in their care or skill; of these ; it wa3 proper to inquire the true orthography, which I have always considered as depending on their derivation rules : wherever I turned my view, there was perplexity |j and have therefore referred them to their original Ian to be disentangled, and confusion to be regulated ; choice was to be made out of boundless variety, without any- established principle of selection ; adulterations were to be detected, without a settled test of purity ; and modes of expression to be rejected or received, without the suf- frages of any writers of classical reputation or acknowl- edged authority. Having therefore no assistance but from general gram- mar, I applied myself to the perusal of our writers ; and, noting whatever might be of use to ascertain or illustrate j any word or phrase, accumulated, in time, the materials of a dictionary, which, by degrees, I reduced to method, | establishing to myself, in the progress of the work, such ' rules as experience and analogy suggested to me -, expe- rience, which practice and observation were continually increasing ; and analogy, which, though in some words obscure, was evident in others. In adjusting the ORTHOGRAPHY, which has been to this time unsettled and fortuitous, I found it necessary to distinguish those irregularities that are inherent in our tongue, and perhaps coeval with it, from others which the ignorance or negligence of later writers has produced. Every language has its anomalies, which, though incon- venient, and in themselves once unnecessary, must be tol- erated among the imperfections of human things, and which renuire only to be registered, that they may not be increased, and ascertained, that they may not be confound- ed ; hut every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities, which it is the duty of the lexicographer to comet or proscribe. As language was at its beginning merely oral, all words I of necessary or common use were spoken before they were written ; and, while they were unfixed by any visible j signs, must have been spoken with great diversity, as we j now observe those who cannot read, catch sounds im- perfectly, and utter them negligently. When this wild ! and barbarous jargon was first reduced to an alphabet, 1 every penman endeavoured to express as he could the sounds which he was accustomed to pronounce or to re- i ceive, and vitiated in writing such words as were already vitiated in speech. The powers of the letters, when they | were applied to a new language, must have been vague and unsettled, and therefore different hands would exhibit the same sound bv different combinations. From 'his unceuain pronunciation arise, in a great part, the various dialects of the same country, which will al- ways be observed to grow fewer, and less different, as books are multiplied; and from this arbitrary representa- tion of sounds by letters, proceeds that diversity ofspelli guages: thus I write enchant, enchantment, enchanter, after the French, and incantation after the Latin : thus entire is chosen rather than intire, because it passed to ut not from the Latin integer, but from the French cnticr. Of many words it is difficult to say whether they were immediately received from the Latin or the French, since, at the time when we had dominions in France, we had Latin service in our churches. It is. however, my opinion, that the French generally supplied us; for we have few- Latin words, among the terms oi domestick use, which are not French ; but many French, which are very remote from Latin. Even in words of which the derivation is apparent, I have been often obliged to sacrifice uniformity to custom ; thus I write, in compliance with a numberless majority, convey and i nveiir/t, deceit and receipt, fancy and phan- tom ; sometimes the derivative varies from the primitive, as explain and explanation, repeat, and repetition. Some combinations of letters, having the same power, are used indifferently w ithout any discoverable reason of choice, as in choak, choke ; soap, sope ; f excel, fuel, and many others, which 1 have sometimes inserted twice, that those, who search for them under either form, may not search in vain. In examining the orthography of any doubtful word, the mode of spelling, by which it is inserted in the series of the dictionary, is to be considered as that towhich I give, perhaps not often rashly, the preference. I have left, in the examples, to every author his own practice unmolest- ed, that the reader may balance suffrages, and judge be- tween us: but this question is not always to bedetermined by reputed or by real learning; some men, intent upon greater things, have thought little on sounds and deriva- tions ; some, knowing in the ancient tongues, have neglect- ed those in which our words are commonly to be sought Thus Hammond writes fecibleness, for feasibleness, be- cause. I suppose, he imagined it derived immediately from the Latin ; and some words, such as dependant, dependent ; dependance, dependence, vary their final syllable, as one or another language is present to the writer. In this part of the work, where caprice has long wan- toned w ithout control, and vanity sought praise by petty refofmation, I have endeavoured to proceed with a schol- ar's reverence for antiquity, and a grammarian's rega-d to the genius of our tongue. I have attempted a few alter- ations, and, among those few, perhaps the greater part ;> from the modern to the ancient practice ; and I hope I may be allowed to recommend to those, whose thoughu. have been, perhaps, employed too anxiously on verbal observable in the Saxon remains, and, I suppose, in the j| singularities, not to disturb, upon narrow views, or for first books of every nation, which perplexes or destroys J i minute propriety, the orthography of their fathers. I. kXH has been asserted, that for the law to be known, is of more importance than to be right. Change, says Hooker, is not made without inconvenience, even from worse to bet- ter. There is in constancy and stability a general and lasting advantage, which will always overbalance the slow improvements of gradual correction. Much less ought our written language to comply with the corrup- tions of oral utterance, or copy that which every variation of time or place makes different from itself, and imitate those changes, which will again be changed while imita- tion is employed in observing them. This recommendation of steadiness and uniformity does not proceed from an opinion, that particular com- binations of letters have much influence on human hap- piness, or that truth may not be successfully taught by modes of spelling fanciful and erroneous: I am not yet so lost in lexicography, as to forget that words are the daughters of earth, and that things are the sons of heaven. Language is only the instrument of science, and words are but the signs of ideas : I wish, however, that the in- strument might be less apt to decay, and that signs might be permanent, like the. things which they denote. In settling the orthography, I have not wholly neglect- 1 ed the pronunciation, which I have directed, by printing I an accent upon the acute or elevated syllable. It will i sometimes be found, that the accent is placed by the au- ! thor quoted on a different syllable from that marked in the alphabetical series ; it is then to be understood, that custom has varied, or that the author has, in my opinion, pronounced wrong. Short directions are sometimes given where the sound of letters is irregular; and, if they are sometimes omitted, defect in such minute observations will be more easily excused than superfluity. In the investigation both of the orthography and signif- ication of words, their ETYMOLOGY was necessarily to be considered, and they were therefore to be divided into primitives and derivatives. A primitive word is that which can be traced no further to any English root ; thus circumspect, circumvent, circumstance, delude, con- cave, and complicate, though compounds in the Latin, are to us primitives. Derivatives are all those that can be referred to any word in English of greater simplicity. The derivatives I have referred to their primitives with an accuracy sometimes needless ; for who does not see that remoteness comes from remote, lovely from love, concavi- ty from concave, and demonstrative from demonstrate ? feut this grammatical exuberance the scheme of my work ■did not allow me to repress. It is of great importance, in examining the general fabrick of a language, to trace one w«rd from another, by noting the usual modes of der- ivation and inflection; and uniformity must be preserved in systematical works, though sometimes at the expense of particular propriety. Among other derivatives I have been careful to insert and elucidate the anomalous plurals of nouns and pret- j erits of verbs, which in the Teutonick dialects are very i frequent, and, though familiar to those who have always used them, interrupt and embarrass the learners of our language. The two languages from which our primitives have | been derived are the Roman and Teutonick : under the j Roman I comprehend the French and provincial tongues ; ! and under the Teutonick range the Saxon. German, and j all their kindred dialects. Most of our polysyllables are , Roman, and our words of one syllable are very often j Teutonick. In assigning the Roman original, it has, perhaps, some- I times happened, that I have mentioned only the Latin, j when the word was borrowed from the French ; and, con- \ sidering mvself as employed only in the illustration of j my own language, I have not been very careful to observe j whether the Latin word be pure or barbarous, or the French elegant o- obsolete. For the Teutonick etymologies I am commonly indeht- i ed to Junius and Skinner, the only names which I have i forborne to quote when I copied their books; not that I might appropriate their labours or usurp their honours, j but that I might spare a perpetual repetition by one gen- j eral acknowledgement. Of these, whom I ought not to I mention but with reverence due to instructors and | benefactors, Junius appears to have excelled in extent j of learning, and Skinner in rectitude of understanding, j Junius was accurately skilled in all the northern Ian- j guages ; Skinner probably examined the ancient and remot- i er dialects only by occasional inspection into dictionaries : ] but the learning of Junius is often of no other use than to j show him a track by which he might deviate from* his > purpose, to which Skinner always presses forward by the shortest way. Skinner is often ignorant, but never ridicu- lous. Junius is always full of knowledge ; but his variety I distracts his judgement, and his learning is very frequent- j ly disgraced by his absurdities. The votaries of the northern muses will not, perhaps, j easily restrain their indignation, when they find the name i of Junius thus degraded by a disadvantageous compari- | son; but, whatever reverence is due to his diligence or his i attainments, it can be no criminal degree of censorious- i Dr. JOHNSON'S PREFACE. ness to charge that etymologist with want of judgement, who can seriously derive dream from drama, because life is a drama, and a drama is a dream ,• and who declares, with a tone of defiance, that no man can fail to deriva moan from pdvos, Gr. (monos,) single or solitary, who considers that grief naturally loves to be alone.* Our knowledge of the northern literature is so scanty, that of words undoubtedly Teutonick the original is not always to be found in any ancient language ; and I have therefore inserted Dutch or German substitutes, which I consider not as radical, but parallel, not as the parents, but sisters of the English. The words which are represented as thus related by descent or cognation, do not always agree in sense; for it is incident to words, as to their authors, to degenerate from their ancestors, and to change their manners, when they change their country. It is sufficient, in etymologi cal inquiries, if the senses of kindred words be found such as may easily pass into each other, or such as may both be referred to one general idea. The etymology, so far as it is yet known, was easily found in the volumes where it is particularly and pro- fessedly delivered ; and, by proper attention to the rules of derivation, the orthography was soon adjusted. But to COLLECT the WORDS of our language was a task of greater difficulty : the deficiency of dictionaries was immediately apparent ; and, when they were exhausted, what was yet wanting must be sought by fortuitous and unguided excursions into books, and gleaned, as industry should find, or chance should offer it, in the boundless chaos of a living speech. My search, however, has been either skilful or lucky ; for I have much augmented the vocabulary. As my design was a dictionary, common or appellative, I have omitted all words which have relation to proper names ; such as Arian,Socinian, Calvinist, Benedictine, Mahometan ; but have retained those of a more genera, nature, as Heathen, Pagan. Of the terms of art I have received such as could te found either in books of science or technical dictionaries; and have often inserted, from philosophical writers, words which are supported perhaps only by a single authority, and which, being not admitted into generafuse, stand yet as candidates or probationers, and must depend for their adoption on the suffrage of futurity. The words which our authors have introduced by their knowledge of foreign languages, or ignorance ol their own, by vanity or wantonness, by compliance with fashion or lust of innovation, I have registered as they occurred, though commonly only to censure them, and warn others against the folly of naturalizing useless foreigners to the injury of the natives. I have not rejected any by design, merely because they * That I may not appear to have spoken too irreverent- ly of Junius, I have here subjoined a few specimens of his etymological extravagance. Banish, religare, ex banno vel territorio exigere, in exilium agere. G. bannir. It. bandire, bandeggiarc. H. bandir. B.bannen. /Evimediiscriptoresfianniz-edicebant. V. Spelm. in Bannum & in Banleuga. Quoniam vero regionum urbiumq ; limites arduis plerumq ; montibus, altis fluminibus, longis deniq ; flexuosisq ; angustissi- marum viarum anfractibus includebantur. fieri potest id genus limites ban dici ab eo quod Bavvdrai &■ Bdvvarpot Tarentinis olim, sicuti tradit Hesychius, vocabantur, ai \o%o\ kcii p) l&ttTtvsis bboi, "obliqure ac minime in rectum tendentes viae." Ac fortasse quoque hue facit quod Bavvs, eodem Hesychio teste, dicebant op;; arpay yv^tj, montes arduos. Emi'TT, emtie, vacuus, inanis. A. S. jEmfcl^ Nescio an sint ab i,uao vel tuerdu). Vomo, evomo,vomi- tu evacuo. Videtur interim etymologiam hanc non ob score tirmare codex Rush. Matt. xji. 44. ubi antique scrip- turn invenimus ^emoefceb lufc erned^ 1 . " Invenit earn vacantem." Hill, mons, collis. A. S. hyll. Quod videri potest abscissum ex koXwvv vel koXwi/oj. Collis, tumulus, lo- cus in piano editior. Horn. II. b. v. 811. ?v, yew\oas, obscuritas, tenebrae: nihil enim aeque solet conciliare somnum, quam caliginosa profunda noctis obscuritas. Stammerer, Balbus, bkesus. Goth. Stamms. A. S. rtamen, rtamuri. D. slam. B. stameler. Su. stam- ma. Isl. stamr. Sunt a cnouv\eiv vel criouvWeiv, nim- ia loquacitate alios offendere ; quod impedite loquentes libentissime garrire soleant ; vel quod aliis nimii semper videantur, etiam parcissime loquentes. Dr. JOHNSON'S PREFACE. xxift were unnecessary or exuberant ; but have received those which by different writers have been differently formed, as viscid and viscidity, viscous and viscosity. Compounded or double words I have seldom noted, ex- cept when they obtain a signification different from that which the components have in their simple state. Thus, highwayman, woodman, and horsecourser, require an ex- planation ; but of tliieflike or coacJidriver no notice was needed, because the primitives contain the meaning of the compounds. Words arbitrarily formed by a constant and settled analogy, like diminutive adjectives in ish, as greenish, bluish ; adverbs in ly, as dully, openly ; substantives in ness, as vileness, faultiness ; were less diligently sought, and sometimes have been omitted, when I had no authority that invited me to insert them ; not that they are not genuine and regular offsprings of English roots, but be- cause their relation to the primitive being always the same, their significations cannot be mistaken. The verbal nouns in ing, such as the keeping of the castle, the leading of the army, are always neglected, or placed only to illustrate the sense of the verb, except when they signify things as well as actions, and have therefore a plural number, as dwelling, living ; or have an abso- lute and abstract signification, as colouring, painting, learning. The participles are likewise omitted, unless, by signify- ing rather habit or quality than action, they take the nature of adjectives ; as a thinking man, a man of prudence ; a pacing horse, a horse that can pace : these I have ven- tured to call participial adjectives. But neither are these always inserted, because they are commonly to be under- stood, without any danger of mistake, by consulting the verb. Obsolete words are admitted, when they are found in authors not obsolete, or when they have any force or beau- ty that may deserve revival. As composition is one of the chief characteristicks of a language, I have endeavoured to make some reparation for the universal negligence of my predecessors, by inserting great numbers of compounded words, as may be found under after, fore, new, night, fair, and many more. These, numerous as they are, might be multiplied, but that use and curiosity are here satisfied, and the frame of our language and modes of our combination amply dis- covered. Of some forms of composition, such as that by which re is prefixed to note repetition, and un to signify contra- riety or privation, all the examples cannot be accumu- lated, because the use of these particles, if not wholly arbitrary, is so little limited, that they are hourly affixed to new words, as occasion requires, or is imagined to re- quire them. There is another kind of composition, more frequent in ou" language than perhaps in any other, from which arises to foreigners the greatest difficulty. We modify ihs signification of many words by a particle subjoined, as to come off, to escape by a fetch"; iofall on, to attack ; *xx TODD'S INTRODUCTION. retailed. I think that in the letter A the arbitrary abo- litions amount to abo»'t 800. Besides these books, there was a "reat variety o» cards, upon which were written terminaions entered in the quarto volumes, and other in- tended \erbal arrangements. There was also one set, denounciig certain words as false English,* and arranged ^according to terminations, which I have printed at the «lose of tha Dictionary ; both as it is a specimen of the employment which I have been describing, and as a criti- cism rarely '.o be questioned. — Such is the account of the .papers, left by Mr. Tooke, which I have seen; which in- dicate, I think, that he had once intended to compile an English dictionary. If more had been left to show that lie had other illustrations to offer, not dissimilar to those which bis Diversions of Purley had communicated, his friends would sorely not have suffered them to slumber in inglorious silence. For that work, in which he has so -acutely illustrated an ancient system, he has the thanks of every sound philologist; though it has been well re- marked, that he has not laid in it, as he imagined, the foundation for future philosophers. I am now to offer my thanks to the Rev. Archdeacon Churton, and the Rev. J. B. Blakeway ; by whose remarks, communicated without solicitation, and without con- ditions, I have been, in several instances, materially as- sisted : to John Nichols, Esq. for the perusal of papers, illustrating our language, which were written by the late Dr. Pegge, and which offered, though mostly interwoven into his own publications, a gleaning or two to be gathered : to Roger Wilbraham, Esq. for the use of some uncommon books in his possession, and for some pertinent observa- tions: and to Martin Whish, Esq. of whose attention, though directing me not seldom to what my own re- searches had also marked, I cannot express too grateful a sense, when I consider the largeness of the communica- tions, and the liberality with which they were made. Some notices have been sent by others, whose good in- tentions I respect, in number and importance too incon- siderable to require further acknowledgement. Nor have I been without obligation, in the progress of my employ- ment, to criticisms which wanted, as well as to those which possessed, the writer's name ; in which, on the one hand, much wit has been employed upon what are justly termed my feeble exertions; and, on the other, indigna- tion has hurled its thunderbolts at my presumption; in which pretended illustrations and detections of mistake /penned in the bewitching hours of self-delusion) have been also proposed ; which, upon examination, have only discovered how liable we all are to be deceived, and how mucin it behoves the maker or augmenter of a dictionary not always to rely implicitly upon proffered kindness, nor wholly to disregard the oppositions of sportive or ma- licious ingenuity. That there may soon be new makers of an English dictionary, it is warrantable to conjecture, knowing, as I do, that other gentlemen have bestowed attention upon the subject; the incorporation of whose services, not altogether free from conditions, it was beyond my power, if it had been my wish, after my plan was formed, to make. The treasures which now remain in their own management, undispersed, may therefore, if the owners I choose, be laid before the pablick, without intermixture, and without omission. The *History of the English Language I have augment- ed with some new materials. To the ^Grammar I have added Notes, which are principally illustrative of orthog- raphy, and of the etymological system so powerfully re- called to modern notice by Mr. Tooko ; to which are subjoined the grammatical ten irks of Mr. Tyrwhitt upon our ancient language. Forthe onvenience of the volumes the Grammar has its place in the last. After it follows a *List of Authors ; of whom many perhaps might be con- sidered too obscure to have been formally cited in the Dictionary, if it could be denied, in the words of Johnson, that " fthe riches of the English tongue are much greater than they are commonly supposed ; that many useful and valuable books lie buried in shops and libraries unknown and unexamined, unless some lucky compiler opens them [* The list of words pronounced by Mr. Tooke to be 11 false English," Dr. Johnson's " History of the English Language," and his " Grammar of the English Tongue," are not. contained in ihis Dictionary ; but the " List of Authors" is inserted at the end of the volume.— Editor, j t Idler, No. 91. by chance, and finds an easy spoil of wit and learning. " Of old authors, as of old words, let no one make too hasty a rejection. Sarcasm may expose its impotence, as well as ignorance, in arraigning either; unaccustomed to ol>- serve that from the one (the partially " unknown and unexamined") our best writers have occasionally not dis- dained to draw wisdom ; and that with the other they have warranted the use of terms, which the jeer of modern hypercriticism would discard. It may be easy, though it is not " Jpleasant without scurrility," if 1 may use Sir Nathaniel's phrase, to present both words and sentences, with the juxtaposition of a quaint title, in a manner so detached as to excite no favourable opinion of the book, or rather to destroy all belief that it possesses any power of conveying knowledge. I might have omitted some citations from modern writers. But the canons yet re- main to be promulged, by which the extremes of opposite tastes are to be settled. The precise period, at which antiquity is to be regarded as a rule, is not yet determined : the standard "§one inclines to remove to the distance of a century and a half; another may, with as good reason, fix it three centuries backwards ; and another six." May we then expect decision upon these points from a society for refining the language, and fixing its standard I Alas I Johnson himself has told us, that " ||the edicts of an English Academy would probably be read by many only that they might be sure to disobey them !" For the paucity of curious or satisfactory information, which my additions and alterations exhibit, and for the abundance of inaccuracies and faults which have escaped my care, I may not, I hope, solicit the pardon of the candid reader in vain. I should indeed have been thrown into irrecoverable confusion and dismay, in reconsidering what I have done, if, for an humble attendant, also, there were not consolation in the words of the master, which first accompanied the fourth edition of his Dictionary:— "Many are the works of human industry, which to begin and finish are hardly granted to the same man. He that undertakes to compile a dictionary, undertakes that, which, if it comprehends the full extent of his de- sign, he knows himself unable to perform. Yet his la- bours, though deficient, may be Huseful, and, with the hope of this inferiour praise, he must incite his activity, and solace his weariness. "Perfection is unattainable, but nearer and nearer ap- proaches may be made ; and, finding my Dictionary about to be reprinted, I have endeavoured, by a revisal, to make it less reprehensible. I will not deny, that I found many parts requiring emendation, and many more capable of improvement. Many faults I have corrected, some super- fluities I have taken away, and some deficiencies I have supplied. I have methodized some parts that were dis- ordered, and illuminated some that were obscure. Yet the changes or additions bear a very small proportion to the whole. The critick will now have less to object, but the student who has bought any of the former copies needs not repent; he will not, without nice collation, perceive how they differ ; and usefulness seldom depends upon little things. " For negligence, or deficience, 1 have perhaps not need of more apology than the nature of the work will furnish i I have left that inaccurate which never was made exact, and that imperfect which never was completed." — Of the present augmented edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary the proprietors, as I am informed, intend to publish, as soon as possible, in the octavo size, an abridge- ment ; in which I have respectfully, and for unanswerable " reasons, declined any concern whatever. And I now re- linquish altogether the labours of lexicography, with the hope that my omissions and imperfections may stimulate the accurate and the judicious so to form a dictionary of our language, as not to subject it to any of the animad versions which will be made on my attempt. HENRY JOHN TODD May 29, 1818. X IiOve's Lab. Lost. $ Campbell, Philos. of Rhetorick. II Life of Roscommon. ir " Dans la derniere s6ance de l'Academie, il [Voltaire} parla fort long-temps et avec la plus grande chaleur sur 1' utilite d' un nouveau Dictionnaire concu a peu pres su» la meme plan que celui della Crusca, ou celui de jokn- 1 6 on." Grimm, Mem. torn. ii. TODD'S ADVERTISEMENT TO HIS SECOND EDITION, PUBLISHED IN 1827. THE Dictionary ofDr. Johnson, with my additions, hay- in* been acceptable to the publick, a reimpression of it has been required. I have, in consequence, been asked to render any assistance to the reimpression which might be in ray power. What I have been able to do has been done with cheerfulness, in gratitude for the reception of my former extensive labours. . Removed by my present resi- dence from the easy reach of that abundance of books, and conversation of men of letters, which then aided my inquiries, I yet have offered (though in number together not more, perhaps, than between two and three thousand) some emendations and some new words. These have been the fruits of leisure in a retired situation ; and for these, with the exception of a few remarks from one learned friend, I have been indebted almost wholly to books in my own collection. Additions, indeed, have been suggested, in separate forms, to my first edition of this Dictionary by other gen- tlemen. Of such labours I am quite sure that I could have no right to avail myself further than by a correction of a very few pardonable errours ; and, with respect to opinions in which they may have been pleased to differ from me, I do not think myself required to answer them. May these learned persons be more useful than I can be. Still they will find that much is yet to be done. " *Daily both new words," as an ancient lexicographer well ob- serves, ■ are invented, and books still found that make a new supply of old.'' Our many excellent writers, during * Florio'g World of Word*, Ital. and Eng. Pref. 1598. | the reigns of Elizabeth and James the First, will yet abun- dantly exemplify the latter part of this remark. And to the selection of examples, as well as to etymology, and to definition, and to orthography, and to accentuation, the industry and judgement of many yet remain to be direct- , i ed, divided, as they ought to be, into distinct studies, ere ;| we can hope to see a beautiful whole, a standard of pure | J and exact phraseology. Our provincialisms, too, solicit j especial notice; as I have found by a residence of six years in the north of England, which has occasioned the introduction into the following pages of more northern phrases than are in the former edition ; in the description of which lam generally confirmed by the entertaining and useful Glossaries of the Craven Dialect and of Mr. Brock- ett, published within the last three years ; and to them I always refer with pleasure. To the very curious Glos- sary, also, of Cheshire Words, by my learned friend, Roger Wilbraham, Esq. I have been much indebted. The recent Collection of Suffolk Words, by Major Moor, has likewise occasionally strengthened an observation. The same may be said of West Country Words, published in 1825 by Mr. Jennings ; to whose candour, in his remark upon the first edition of this Dictionary, (in which he suggests improve- ment -*and addition that must, however, be the work of many, I repeat, and not of an individual,) I am also obliged ; for he says, " that, although the work will still admit of considerable addition and improvement, it contains, in his judgement, the greatest mass of informatior 9a the subject of our own language at present extant.' 1 H. J. T. Feb. 12, 1827. WALKER'S PREFACE TO HIS PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY. FEW subjects have of late years more employed the pons oi' every class of criticks, than the improvement of ihe English language. The greatest abilities in the na- tion have been exerted in cultivating and reforming it ; nor have a thousand minor criticks been wanting to add their mite of amendment to their native tongue. John- son, whose large mind and just taste made him capable of enriching and adorning the language with original composition, has condescended to the drudgery of disen- tangling, explaining, and arranging it, and left a lasting monument of his ability, labour, and patience: and Dr. Lowth, the politest scholar of the age, has veiled his su- periority in his short Introduction to English Grammar. The ponderous folio has gravely vindicated the rights of analogy ; and the light, ephemeral sheet, of news has cor- rected errours in grammar, as well as in politicks, by slyly i marking them in Italicks. Nor has the improvement stopped here. While John- son and Lowth have been insensibly operating on the or- thography and construction of our language, its pronun- ciation has not been neglected. The importance of a consistent and regular pronunciation was too obvious to be overlooked ; and the want of this consistency and reg- ularity has induced several ingenious men to endeavour at a reformation ; who, by exhibiting the regularities of pronunciation, And pointing out its analogies, have re- claimed some words that were not irrecoverably fixed in a wrong sound, and prevented others from being pervert- ed by ignorance or caprice. Among those writers who deservo the first praise on this subject is Mr. Elphinston ; who, in his Principles of the English Language, has reduced the chaos to a sys- tem; and, by a deep investigation of the analogies of our tongue, has laid the foundation of a just and regular pro- nunciation. After him, Dr. Kenrick contributed a portion of im- provement by his Rhetorical Dictionary ; in which the words are divided into syllables as they are pronounced, and figures placed over the vowels, to indicate their dif- ferent sounds. But this gentleman has rendered his die- I tionary extremely imperfect, by entirely omitting a great number of words of doubtful and difficult pronunciation —those very words for which a dictionary of this kind would be most consulted. To him succeeded Mr. Sheridan, who not only divided the words into syllables, and placed figures over the vow- els as Dr. Kenrick had done, but, by spelling these sylla- bles as they are pronounced, seemed to complete the idea of a pronouncing dictionary, and to leave but little ex- pect ;it ion of future improvement. It must, indeed, be confessed, that Mr. Sheridan's dictionary is greatly supe- riour to every other that preceded it ; ;ind his method of conveying the s.;und of words, by spelling them as they arc pronounced, is highly rational and useful. But here sincerity obliges me to stop. The numerous instances I have given of impropriety, inconsistency, and want of ac- quaintance with the analogiesof the language, sufficient- ly show how imperfect* I think his dictionary is upon the whole, and what ample room was left for attempting another, that might better answer the purpose of a guide to pronunciation. The last writer on this subject is Mr. Nares, who, in his Elements of Orthoepy, has shown a clearness of method, and an extent of observation, which deserve the highest encomiums. His preface alone proves him an elegant writer, as well as a philosophical observer of lan- guage: and his Alphabetical Index, referring near five thousand words to the rules for pronouncing them, is a new and useful method of treating the subject: but he teems, on many occasions, to have mistaken the best usage, and to have paid too little attention to the first principles of pronunciation. * See Principles, No. 124, 126, 129, 386, 454, 462, 479, 480, 530; and the words Assume, Collect, Covetous, Don- ative, Ephemera, Satiety, &c., and the inseparable prep- osition dis. I Thus I have ventured to give my opinion of my rivals and competitors, and I hope without envy or self-conceit. Perhaps it would have been policy in me to have been si- lent on this head, for fear of putting the publick in mind that others have written on the subject as well as my- I self: but this is a narrow policy, which, under the colour j of tenderness to others, is calculated to raise ourselves at I 1 heir expense. A writer, who is conscious he deserves | the attention of the publick, (and unless he is thus con- scious he ought not to write,) must not only wish to be j compared with those who have gone before him, but will promote the comparison, by informing his readers what others have done, and on what he founds his pretensions i to a preference; and, if this be done with fairness and Without acrimony, it can be no more inconsistent with modesty, than it is with honesty and plain dealing. The work I have offered on the subject has, I hope, added something to the publick stock: it not only exhib- its the principles of pronunciation on a more extensive plan than others have done, divides the words into sylla- bles, and marks the sounds of the vowels, like Dr. Ken- rick, spells the words as they are pronounced, like Mr. Sheridan, and directs tho inspector to the rule by the word, like Mr. Nares ; but, where words are subject to dif- ferent pronunciations, it shows the reasons from analogy for each, produces authorities for one side and the other, and points out the pronunciation which is preferable. In short, I have endeavoured to unite the science of Mr. El- phinston, the method of Mr. Nares, and the general utili- ty of Mr. Sheridan ; and, to add to these advantages, have given critical observations on such words as are subject to a diversity of pronunciation, and have invited the in- spector to decide according to analogy and the best usage. But to ail works of this kind there lies a formidable objection; which is, that the pronunciation of a language is necessarily indefinite and fugitive, and that all endeav- ours to delineate or settle it are in vain. Dr. Johnson, in his grammar prefixed to his dictionary, says: " Most of the writers of English grammar have given long tablos of words pronounced otherwise than they are written, and seem not sufficiently to have considered, that, of English, as of all living tongues, there is a double pronun - ciation; one cursory and colloquial, the other regular and solemn. The cursory pronunciation is always vague and uncertain, being made different in different mouths, by negligence, unskilfulness, or affectation. The solemn pronunciation, though by no means immutable and per- manent, is yet always less remote from the orthography, and less liable to capricious innovation. They have, however, generally formed their tables according to the cursory speech of those with whom they happened to converse, and, concluding that the whole nation combines to vitiate language in one manner, have often established the jargon of the lowest of the people as the model of speech. For pronunciation, the best general rule is, to consider those as the most elegant speakers, who deviate least from the written words." Without any derogation from the character of Dr. Johnson, it may be asserted, that in these observations we do not perceive that justness and accuracy of think- ing, for which he is so remarkable. It would be doing great injustice to him, to suppose that he meant to ex- clude all possibility of conveying the actual pronuncia- tion of many words that depart manifestly from their or thography, or of those that are written alike, and pro- nounced differently, and inversely. He has marked theso differences with great propriety himself, in many places of his dictionary ; and it is to be regretted that he did not extend these remarks farther. It is impossible, there- fore, he could suppose, that, because the almost imper- ceptible glances of colloquial pronunciation were not to be caught and described by the pen, that the very per- ceptible difference between the initial accented syllables of money and monitor, or the final unaccented syllables of finite and infinite, could not be sufficiently marked upon paper. Cannot we show that cellar, a vault, and WALKER'S PREFACE. seller, one who sells, have exactly the same sound l or that the monosyllable full and the first syllable of ful- minate are sounded differently, because there are some words in which solemnity will authorize a different shade of pronunciation from familiarity .' Besides, that collo- quial pronunciation which is perfect is so much the lan- guage of solemn speaking, that, perhaps, there is no more difference than between the same picture painted to be viewed near and at a distance. The symmetry in both is exactly the same; and the distinction lies only in the col- ouring. The English language, in this respect, seems to have a great superiority over the French, which pronoun- ces many letters in the poetick and solemn style, that are wholly silent in the prosaick and familiar. But if a solemn and familiar pronunciation really exists in our language, is it not the business of a grammarian to mark both l And, if he cannot point out the precise sound of unaccented syllables, (for these only are liable to obscuri- ty,) he may, at least, give those sounds which approach the nearest, and by this means become a little more use- ful than those who so liberally leave every thing to the ear and taste of the speaker. The truth is, Dr. Johnson seems to have had a confused idea of the distinctness and indistinctness with which, on solemn or familiar occasions, we sometimes pronounce the unaccented vowels; and, with respect to these, it must j be owned, that his remarks are not entirely without foun- | dation. The English language, with respect to its pro- - nunciation, is evidently divisible into accented and unac- \ cented sounds. The accented syllables, by being pro- j nounced with greater force than the unaccented, have ] their vowels as clearly and distinctly sounded as any j given note in musick; "while the unaccented vowels, for want of the stress, are apt to slide into an obscurity of sound, which, though sufficiently distinguishable to'the ' ear, cannot be so definitely marked out to the eye by j other sounds as those vowels that are under the accent. I Thus some of the vowels, when neither under the accent, I nor closed by a consonant, have a longer or a shorter, an I opener or a closer sound, according to the solemnity or familiarity, the deliberation or rapidity of our delivery. ! This will be perceived in the sound of the e in emotion* ' of the o in obedience, and of the u in monument. In the j hasty pronunciation of common speaking, the e in erno- \ tion is often shortened, as if spelt im-mo-tion ; the o in | obedience shortened and obscured, as if written ub-be-de- j ence ; and the u in monument changed into e, as if writ- ten mon-ne-ment ; while the deliberate and elegant sound ' »f these vowels is the long open sound they have, when I the accent is on them, in equal, over, and unit ; but a, when unaccented, seems to have no such diversity; it has j generally a short, obscure sound, whether ending a sylla- ! ble or closed by a consonant. Thus the a in able has its J definite and distinct sound; but the same letter in tolcra-\ ble\ goes into an obscure, indefinite sound approaching | the short u ; nor can any solemnity or deliberation give! it the long open sound it has in the first word. Thus, by ! distinguishing vowels into their accented and unaccented j sounds, we are enabled to see clearly what Dr. Johnson ' saw but obscurely; and by this distinction entirely to! answer the objection. Equally indefinite and uncertain is his general rule, that those are to be considered as the most elegant i speakers who deviate least from the written words. It is certain, where custom is equal, this ought to take place ; and if the whole body of respectable English speakers were equally divided in their pronunciation of the word busy, one half pronouncing it beic-ze,l and the other half biz-ze, that the former ought to be accounted the most elegant speakers ; but, till this is the case, the latter pro- nunciation, though a gross deviation from orthography, will still be esteemed the most elegant. Dr. Johnson's general rule, therefore, can only take place where custom has not plainly decided; but, unfortunately for the Eng- lish language, its orthography and pronunciation are so widely different, that Dr. Watts and Dr. Jones lay it. down as a maxim in their Treatises on Spelling, that all words, which can be sounded different ways, must be written according to that sound which is most distant from the true pronunciation: and consequently, in such a language, a Pronouncing Dictionary must be of essential use. But still it may be objected to such an undertaking, that the fluctuation of pronunciation is so great as to render all attempts to settle it useless. What will it avail us, it may be said, to know the pronunciation of the present day, if, in a few years, it will be altered .' And how are we to know even what the present pronunciation is, when the same words are often differently pronounced by different speakers, and those perhaps of equal numbers and reputation ! To this it may be answered, that the fluctuation of our language, with respect to its pronun- ciation, seems to have been greatly exaggerated.^ Except a very few single words, which are generally noticed in the following dictionary, and the words where e comes before r, followed by another consonant, as merchant, service, This has never been asserted by the most sanguine abettors of its authority. Is it the usage of the studious in schools and colleges, with those of the learned professions, or that of those who, from their elevated birth or station, give laws to the refine- ments and elegancies of a court; To confine propriety to the latter, which is too often the case, seems an injury to the former ; who, from their very profession, appear to have a natural right to a share, at least, in the legislation of language, if not to an absolute sovereignty. The pol- ished attendants on a throne are as apt todepart from simplicity in language, as in dress and manners ; and novelty, instead of custom, is too often the jus et norma loquendi of a court. Perhaps an attentive observation will lead us to con- clude, that the usage which ought to direct us is neither of these we have been enumerating, taken singly, but a sort of compound ratio of all three. Neither a finical pronunciation of the court, nor a pedantick Graecism of the schools, will be denominated respectable usage, till a cer- tain number of the general mass of speakers have acknowledged them ; nor will a multitude of common speakers authorize any pronunciation which is reprobal- p ' Uv the learned and polite. As those sounds, therefore, which are the most general- ly received among the learned and polite, as well as the bulk of speakers, are the most legitimate, we may con- clude that a majority of two of these states ought always to concur, in order to constitute what is called good usage. But though custom, when general, is commonly well understood, there are several states and degrees of it which are exceedingly obscure and equivocal; and the only method of knowing the extent of custom in these cases seems to be an inspection of those dictionaries wbieb professedly treat of pronunciation. We have now so many works of this kind, that the general current of custom, with respect to the sound of words, may be col- lected from them with almost as much certainty as the general sense of words from Johnson. An exhibition of the opinions of orthoepists about the sound of words always appeared to me a very lational method of deter- mining what is called custom. This method I have adopted in the following work; and, if I have sometimes dissented from the majority, it has been either from a persuasion of being better informed of what was the actual custom of speaking, or from a partiality to the evident analogies of the language. And here I must entreat the candid reader to make every reasonable allowance for the freedom with which 1 have "criticised other writers on this subject, and particu- larly Mr. Sheridan. As a man, a gentleman, and a scholar, I knew Mr. Sheridan, and respected him; and think every lover of elocution owes him a tribute of thanks for his unwearied addresses to the publick, to rouse them to the study of the delivery of their native tongue. But this tribute, however just, does not exempt him from examination. His credit with the world neces- sarily subjects him to animadversion, because the errours of such a writer are dangerous in proportion to his repu- tation : this has made me zealous to remark his inaccura- cies, but not without giving my reasons ; nor have I ever taken advantage of such faults as may be called inadver- tencies.* On the same principles I have ventured to criticise Dr. Johnson.t whose friendship and advice I was honoured with, whose memory I love, and whose intellec- tual powers impress me with something like religious veneration and awe. I do not pretend to be exempt from faults myself. In a work like the present, it would be a miracle to escape them : nor have I the least idea of de- ciding, as judge, in a case of so much delicacy and im- portance as the pronunciation of a whole people ; I have only assumed the part of an advocate to plead the cause of consistency and analogy; and, where custom is either silent or dubious, to tempt the lovers of their language to incline to the side of propriety : so that my design is principally to give a kind of history of pronunciation, and a register of its present state; and, where the author- ities of dictionaries or speakers are found to differ, to give such a display of the analogies of the language as may enable every inspector to decide for himself. With respect to the explanation of words, except in very few instances, I have scrupulously followed Dr. Johnson. His Dictionary has been deemed lawful plun- der by every subsequent" lexicographer ; and so servilely has it been copied, that such words as he must have omit- ted merely by mistake, as predilection, respectable, descriptive, sulky, inimical, interference, and many others, are neither in Mr. Sheridan's, Dr. Kenrick's, nor several other dictionaries. * The inspector will be pleased to take notice, that my observations on Mr. Sheridan's dictionary relate to the first edition, published in his life-time, and the sec- ond, some time after his death ; whatever alterations may have been made by his subsequent editors, I am totally unacquainted with. | See Scirrhus, Rase, &c. WALKER'S ADVERTISEMENT TO THE FOURTH EDITION OP HIS DICTIONARY. THE rapid sale of the third edition of this Dictionary called upon me for a fourth, at a time of life, and in a state of health, little compatible with the drudgery and attention necessary for the execution of it: but, as I ex- pected such a call, I was not unmindful of whatever might tend to render it still more worthy of the accept- ance of the publick; and therefore collected many words, which, though not found in dictionaries, were constantly to be met with in polite and literary conversation, and which were well deserving of a place in the language as soon as written authorities could be produced for them. Some of these authorities I have produced, and have left others to the attention of those who have more leisure and better health. In the midst of the impression of the present work, I met with Mason's Supplement to John- son, and found several words worthy of insertion, but have carefully acknowledged the obligation; and take this opportunity of thanking that gentleman for the ben- efit I have derived from his Supplement, which I think, if continued, admirably calculated for the improvement and stability of the language, But, as the great object of the present Dictionary was pronunciation, I was very solicitous to be as accurate as possible on this point, and therefore neglected no oppor- tunity of informing myself where I was in the least doubt- ful, and of correcting myself where there was the least shadow of an errour. These occasions, however, were not very numerous. To a man born, as I was, within a few miles of the capital, living in the capital almost my whole life, and exercising myself there in publick speak- ing for many years ; to such a person, if to any one, the true pronunciation of the language must be very familiar : and to this familiarity I am indebted for the security I have felt in deciding upon the sounds of several syllables, which nothing but an infantine pronunciation could de- termine. If I may borrow an allusion from musick, I might observe, that there is a certain tune in every lan- guage, to which the ear of a native is set, and which often decides on the preferable pronunciation, though entirely ignorant of the reasons for it. But this vernacular instinct, as it may be called, has been seconded by a careful investigation of the analogies of the language. Accent and quantity, the great effi- cients of pronunciation, are seldom mistaken by people of education in the capital; but the great bulk of the na- tion, and those who form the most important part of it, are without these advantages, and therefore want such a guide to direct them as is hero offered. Even polite and literary people, who speak only from the ear, will find that this organ will, in a thousand instances, prove but a , very uncertain guide, without, a knowledge of those prin- i ciples by which the ear itself is insensibly directed, and which, having their origin in the nature of language, | operate with steadiness and regularity in the midst of the ficklest affectation and caprice. It can scarcely be sup- j posed that the most experienced speaker has heard every j word in the language, and the whole circle of sciences, pronounced exactly as it ought to be: and, if this be the [ case, he must sometimes have recourse to the principles of pronunciation, when his ear is either uninformed or unfaithful. These principles are those general laws of articulation which determine the character, and fix the boundaries of every language; as in every system of speaking, however irregular, the organs must necessarily fall into some common mode of enunciation, or the pur- pose of Providence in the gift of speech would be abso- lutely defeated. These laws, like every other object of philosophical inquiry, are only to be traced by an atten- tive observation and enumeration of particulars; and, when these particulars are sufficiently numerous to form a general rule, an axiom in pronunciation is acquired. By an accumulation of these axioms, and an analogical comparison of them with each other, we discover the de- viations of language where custom has varied, and the only clew to guide us where custom is either indetermi- nate or obscure. I Thus, by a view of the words ending in ity or ety, T find the accent invariably placed on the preceding sylla I ble, as in diver' sity, congru'ity, &.c. On a closer inspec ! tion, I find every vowel in this antepenultimate syllable, when no consonant intervenes, pronounced long, as de'ity, pi'ety, &c. ; a nearer observation shows me, that, if a con- sonant intervene, every vowel in this syllable but u con- tracts itself, and is pronounced short, as severity, curios 1 - ity, impu'nity, &c, and therefore that chastity and obscenity ought to be pronounced with the penultimate vowel short, and not as in chaste and obscene, as wo fre- quently hear them. I find, too, that even u contracts itself before two consonants, as cur'vity, taciturhiity, j &'c„ and that scarcity and rarity (for whose irregularity good reasons may he given) are the only exceptions to this rule throughout the language. And thus we have a series of near seven hundred words, the accentuation of I which, as weil as the quantity of the accented vowel, are i reduced to two or three simple rules. I The same uniformity of accentuation and quantity may be observed in the first syllable of those words which have the accent on the third, as dem-on-stra'-tion, dim-i- nu'-tion, lu-cu-bra'-tion,* &c, where we evidently per- I ceive a stress on the first syllable shortening every vowel j but it, and this in every word throughout the language, except where two consonants follow the u, as in cur-fai- ! lin'-e-ar ; or where two vowels follow the consonant that j succeeds any other vowel in the first syllable, as de-vi-a - i tion; or, lastly, where the word is evidently of our own j composition, as rc-con-vey 1 .• but as u in the first syllable j of a word, having the accent on the third, has the same tendency to length and openness as was observable when I it preceded the termination ity, I find it necessary 1 o separ- j ate it from the consonant in bu-ty-ra'-ceous, which I have | never heard pronounced, as well as in lu-cu-bra'-tion, I which I have, and this from no pretended agreement with I the quantity of the Latin words these are derived from ; j for, in the former word, the u is doubtful : but, from the j general system of quantity I see adopted in English pro- nunciation, this only will direct an English ear with cer- tainty; for, though we may sometimes place the accent on words we borrow from the Greek or Latin on the same syllable as in those languages, as acu'men, elegi'ack, &c. ; nay, though wo sometimes adopt the accent of the origin- al with every word of the same termination we derive | from it, as assidu'ity, vidu'ity, &c. ; yet the quantity of the accented vowel is so often contrary to that of the ! Latin and Greek, that not a shadow of a rule can be j drawn, in this point, from these languages to ours.f I Thus, in the letter in question, in the Latin accumulp, | dubiujS, tumor, &c, the first u is every where short ; but in the English words accumulate, dubious, tumnur, every where long. Nuptialis, murmur, turbulentus, &c, where the u in the first syllable in Latin is long, we as constant- ly pronounce it short in nuptial, murmur, turbulent, &c. Nor, indeed, can we wonder that a different economy of quantity is observable in the ancient and modern lan- guages, as, in the former, two consonants almost always lengthen the preceding vowel, and in the latter as con- stantly shorten it. Thus, without arguing in a vicious circle, we find, that, as a division of the generality of words as they are actually pronounced, gives us the gen- eral laws of syllabication, so these laws, once understood, direct us in the division of such words as we have never heard actually pronounced, and consequently to the true pronunciation of them. For these operations, like cause and effect, reflect mutually a light on each other, and prove, that, by nicely observing the path which custom in language has once taken, we can more than guess at the lino she must keep in a similar case, where her foot- steps are not quite so discernible. So truo is the obser- vation of Scaliger: Jta omnibus in rebus certissima ra~ tione sibi ipsa respondet natura, De causis Ling. Lat. * See Principles, No. 524, 527, 530. f See Principles, No. 544, 545. RULES TO BE OBSERVED BY THE NATIVES OP IRELAND, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A JUST PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH. AS Mr. Sheridan was a native of Ireland, and had the best opportunities of understanding those peculiarities of pronunciation which obtain there, I shall extract his ob- servations on that subject as the best general direction, and add a few of my own, by way of supplement, which, I hope, will render this article of instruction still more complete. The reader will be pleased to take notice, that, as I have made a different arrangement of the vowels, and I have adopted a notation different from Mr. Sheridan, I am obliged to make use of different figures to mark the vowels, but still such as perfectly correspond to his. " The chief mistakes, made by the Irish in pronounc- ing English, lie, for the most part, in the sounds of the two first^ vowels, a and e ; the former^ being generally sounded a by the Irish, as in the word bar, in most words where it is pronounced a, as in day, by the English. Thus the Irish say, patron, matron, the vowel a having the same sound as in the word father 5 while the English pronounce them as if written paytron, maytron. The following rule, strictly attended to, will rectify this mis- take through the whole language : — " When the vowel a finishes a syllable, and has the ac- cent on it, it is invariably pronounced a. [day] by the English. To this rule there are but three exceptions in the whole language, to be found in the words father, papa, mamma. The Irish may think also the word rather an exception, as well as father ; and so it would appear to be in their manner of pronouncing it rather, laying the accent on the vowel a ; but, in the English pro- nunciation, the consonant th is taken into the first sylla- ble, as, rath-er, which makes the difference. •' Whenever a consonant follows the vowel a in the same syllable, and the accent is on the consonant, the vowel a has always its fourth sound, as hat, man ; as also the same sound lengthened when it precedes the letter r, as far, bar, though the accent be on the vowel ; as, likewise, when it precedes Im, as balm, psalm. The Irish, ignorant of this latter exception, pronounce all words of that structure as if they were written haiom, psawm, quawm, cawm, &.c. In the third sound of a, marked by different combinations of vowels or conso- nants, such as au, in Paul ; aw, in law ; all, in call ; aid, in bald ; alk, in talk, &c, the Irish make no mistake, except in that of Im, as before mentioned. " The second vowel, e, is, for the most part, sounded ee by the English, when the accent is upon it ; whilst the Irish, in most words, give it the sound of slender a, as in hate. This sound of e [ee] is marked by different com- binations of vowels, such as ea, ei, e final mute, ee, and ie. In the two last combinations of ce and ie, the Irish never mistake ; such as in meet, seem, field, believe, &c. ; ' but, in all the others, they almost universally change the sound of e into a. Thus, in the combination ea, they pronounce the words tea, sea, please, as if they were spelt tay, say, plays ; instead of fee, see, pleese. The English constantly give this sound to ea whenever the accent is on the vowel e, except in the following words : great, a pear, a bear, to bear, to forbear, to swear, to tear, to wear: in all which the e has the sound of a in hate. For want of knowing these exceptions, the gentlemen of Ireland, after some time of residence in London, are apt to fall into the general rule, and pronounce these words as if spelt greet, beer, sweer, &c. "£i is also sounded ee by the English, and as a. by the Irish; thus the words deceit, receive, are pronounced by them as if written desate, resave. Ei is always sounded ee, except when a g follows it, as in the words reign, feign, deign, ice. ; as also in the words rein (of a bridle), vein, drein, veil, heir, which are pronounced like rain, vain, drain, vail, air. " The final mute e makes the preceding e in the name syllable, when accented, have the sound of ee, as in ther words supreme, sincere, replete. This rule is almost universally broken through by the Irish, who pronounce all such words as if written suprame, sinsare, replate, &c. There are but two exceptions to this rule in the English pronunciation, which are the words there, where* " In the way of marking this sound by a double e, (as thus, ee,) as the Irish never make any mistakes, the best method for all who want to acquire the right prcmuncia tion of these several combinations is, to suppose that ea r ei, and e, attended by a final mute e, are all spelt with a- double e, or ee. "Ey is always sounded like a by the English when the accent is upon it ; as in the words prey, convey, pronounc- ed pray, convay. To this there are but two exceptions', in the words key and ley, sounded kee, lee. The Irish, in attempting to pronounce like the English, often give the same sound to ey as usually belongs to ei ; thus, for prey, convey, they say pree, convee. " A strict observation of these few rules, with a due attention to the very few exceptions enumerated above, will enable the well-educated natives of Ireland to pro nounce their words exactly in the same way as the more polished part of the inhabitants of England do, so far as the vowels are concerned. The diphthongs they commit no fault in, except in the sound of 1, which has been al- ready taken notice of in the Grammar:* where, likewise, the only difference in pronouncing any of the consonants has been pointed out; which is the thickening the sound of d and t, in certain situations; and an easy method proposed of correcting this habit.f " In order to complete che whole, I shall now give a list of such detached words, that do not come under any of the above rules, as are pronounced differently in Ireland from what they are in England ; — * ''Vide p. 11, where the true manner of pronouncing the diphthong i is pointed out ; the Irish pronouncing 14 much in the same manner as the French." f " The letter d has always the same sound by those who pronounce English well; but the provincials, par- ticularly the Irish, Scotch, and Welsh, in many words thicken the sound by a mixture of breath. Thus, though they sound the d right in the positive loud and broad, in the' comparative degree they thicken it by an aspiration, and sound it as if it were written loudher, broadher. This vicious pronunciation is produced by pushing the tongue forward so as to touch the teeth in forming that sound : and the way to cure it is easy ; for, as they cart pronounce the d properly in the word loud, let them rest a little upon that syllable, keeping the tongue hi the position of forming d, and then let them separate it from the up- per gum without pushing it forward, and the sound • 3. Our letters, says Dr. Johnson, are commonly reckon- ed twenty-four, because anciently i and j, as well as u and v, were expressed by the same character ; but as these letters, which had always different powers, have now dif- ferent forms, our alphabet may be properly said to consist of twenty-six letters. v 4. In considering the r.ounds of these first principles of language, we find that some are so simple and unmixed, that there is nothing required but the opening of the mouth to make them understood, and to form different sounds. Whence they have the names of vowels, or voices, or vocal sounds. On the contrary, we find that there are others, whose pronunciation depends on the par- ticular application and use of every part of the mouth, as the teeth, the lips, the tongue, the palate, &c. which yet cannot make any one perfect sound but by their union with those vocal sounds; and these are called consonants, or letters sounding with other letters. Definition of Vowels and Consonants. 5. Vowels are generally reckoned to be five in number; namely, a, c, i, o, u ; y and id are called vowels when they end a syllable or word, and consonants when they begin one. 6. The definition of a vowel, as little liable to excep- tion as any, seems to be the following: A vowel is a sim- ple sound formed by a continued effusion of the breath, and a certain conformation of the mouth, without any alteration in the position, or any motion of the organs of speech, from the moment the vocal sound commences till it ends. 7. A consonant may be defined to be an interruption of the effusion of vocal sound, arising from the application of the organs of speech to each other. 8. Agreeably to this definition, vowels may be divided into two kinds the simple and compound. The simple, a, e, o, are those which are formed by one conformation of the organs only ; that is, the organs remain exactly in the same position at the end as at the beginning of the let- ter ; whereas in the compound vowels i and u, the organs alter their position hefore the letter is completely sound- ed; nay, these letters, when commencing a syllable, do not only require a different position of the organs in order to form them perfectly, but demand such an application of the tongue to the roof of the mouth, as is inconsistent with the nature of a pure vowel; for the first of these letters, i, when sounded alone, or ending a syllable with the accent upon it, is a real diphthong, composed of the sounds of a in father, and of e in the, exactly correspond- ent to the sound of the noun eye ; and when this letter commences a syllable, as in min-ion, pin-ion, &c. the sound of e, with which it terminates, is squeezed into a consonant sound, like the double e heard in queen, dif- ferent from the simple sound of that letter in quean, and this squeezed sound in the commencing i makes it exact- ly similar to y in the same situation; which, by all grammarians, is acknowledged to be a consonant.* The latter of these compound vowels, u, when initial, and not shortened by a consonant, commences with this squeezed sound of e, equivalent to the y, and ends with a sound given to oo in woo and coo, which makes its name in the alphabet exactly similar to the pronoun you.t If, therefore, the common definition of a vowel be just, these two letters are so far from being simple vowels, that they may more properly be called semi-consonant diphthongs. 9. That y and w are consonants when they begin a word, and vowels when they end one, is generally ac- knowledged by the best grammarians ; and yet Dr. Lowth * How so accurate a grammarian as Dr. Lowth could pronounce so definitely on the nature of y, and insist on its being always a vowel, can only be accounted for by considering the small attention which is generally paid to this part of grammar. His words are these : " The same sound which we express by the initial y, our Saxon ancestors in many instances expressed by the vowel e ; as eower, your ; and by the vowel i ; as iw, yew ; iong, young. In the word yew the initial y has precisely the same sound with i in the words view, lieu, adieu .- the i is acknowledged to be a vowel in these latter ; how then can the ?/, which has the very same sound, possibly be a con- sonant in the former ! Its initial sound is generally like that of i in shire, or ee nearly ; it is formed by the open- ing of the mouth without any motion or contact of the parts: in a word, it has every property of a vowel, and not one of a consonant." Introd. to Eng. Gram, page 3. Thus far the learned bishop, who has too fixed a fame to suffer any diminution by a mistake in so trifling a pait of literature as this : but it may be asked, if y has every property of a vowel and not one of a consonant, why, when it begins a word, does it not admit of theeuphoniofe article an before it ? | An ignorance of the real composition of u, and a want of knowing that it partook of the nature of a con- sonant, has occasioned a great diversity and uncertainty in prefixing the indefinite article an before it. Our ances- tors, judging of its nature from its name, never suspected that it was not a pure vowel, and constantly prefixed the article an before nouns beginning with this letter: as an union, an useful book. They were confirmed in this opinion by finding the an always adapted to the short u, as an umpire, an umbrella, without ever dreaming that the short u is a pure vowel, and essentially different from the long one. But the moderns, not resting in the name of a letter, and consulting their ears rather than their es, have frequently placed the a instead of an before the long u, and we have seen a union, a university, a useful book, from some of the most respectable pens of the present age. Nor can we doubt a moment of the pro- priety of this orthography, when we reflect that these words actually begin to the ear with y, and might be spelled younion, youniversity, youseful, and can there- fore no more admit of an before them than year and youth. See Remarks on the word An in this Dictionary. 12 CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS AND CONSONANTS, &c. has told us, that w is equivalent to oo ; but if this were the case, it would always admit of the particle an before it : for though we have no word in the language which com- mences with these letters, we plainly perceive, that if we had such u word, it would readily admit of an before it, and consequently that these letters are not equivalent to w. Thus we find, that the common opinion, with respect to the double capacity of these letters, is perfectly just. 10. Besides the vowels already mentioned, there is another simple vowel sound found under the oo in the words woo and coo ; these letters have, in these two worrW, every property of a pure vowel, but when found in food, mood, &c. and in the word too, pronounced like the adjec- tive two : here the oo has a squeezed sound, occasioned by contracting the mouth, so as to make the lips nearly touch each other ; and this makes it, like the i and u, not so much a double vowel, as a sound between a vowel and a consonant. Classification of Vowels and Consonants. 11. Vowels and consonants being thus defined, it will be necessary, in the next place, to arrange them into such classes as their similitudes and specifick differences seem to require. 12. Letters, therefore, are naturally divisible into vow- els and consonants. 13. The vowels are, a, e, i, o, u, and y and w when end- ing a syllable. 14. The consonants are, b, c, d,f, g, h,j, k, I, m, n, p, q, v, s< t. v, x, z, and y and ic when beginning a syllable. 15. The vowels may be subdivided into'such as are sim- ple and pure, and into such as are compound and im- pure. The simple or pure vowels are such as require only one conformation of the organs to form them, and no motion in the organs while forming. 16. The compound or impure vowels are such as require more than one conformation of the organs to form them, and a motion in the organs while forming. These ob- servations premised, we may call the following scheme An Analogical Table of the Vowels. a pa-per. a fa-ther, a wa-ter, e me-tre o no-ble oo coo, simple or pure vowels. i ti-tle, y cy-der u lu-cid w pow-e •J compound or impure vowels. Diphthongs and Triphthongs enumerated. 17. Two vowels forming but one syllable are generally called a diphthong, and three a triphthong: these are the following. ew jewel, ey they, ia poniard, ie friend, io passion, oa coat, oe economy oi voice, oo moon, oil found, ow now. oy boy, ue mansuetude ui languid, uy buy, aye (for ever,) eau beauty, eou plenteous, ieu adieu, iew view, oeu manoeuvre. ae Caesar, ai aim, ao gaol, an taught, aw law, ay say, ea clean, ee reed, ei ceiling, eo people, ew feud, Consonants enumerated and distinguished into Classes. 18. The consonants are divisible into mutes, semi-vow- els, and liquids. 19. The mutes are such as emit no sound without a vowel, as 6, p, t, d, k, and c and g hard. 20. The semi-vowels are such as emit a sound without the concurrence of a vowel, as, /, «, s, z, x, g soft, or j. 21. The liquids are such as flow into, or unite easily with the mutes, as I, m, n, r. 22. But, besides these, there is another classification of the consonants, of great importance to a just idea of the nature of the letters, and that is, into such as are sharp or flat, and simple or aspirated. 23. The sharp consonants are, p,f, t, s, k, c hard. 24. The flat consonants are, b, v, d, z, g hard. 25. The simple consonants are those which have always the sound of one letter unmixed with others, as, b, p,f, v, k, g hard, and g soft, or j. 26. The mixed or aspirated consonants are those which have sometimes a hiss or aspiration joined with them, which mingles with the letter, and alters its sound, as t in motiov. d in soldier, s in mission, and z in azure. 27. There is another distinction of consonants arising either from the seat of their formation, or from those or- gans which are chiefly employed in forming them. The best distinction of this kind seems to be that which di vides them into labials, dentals, gutturals, and nasals. 28. The labials are, b,p,f, v. The dentals are, t, d, s, z, and soft g or j. The gutturals are k, q, e hard, and g hard. The nasals.are, m, ?i, and ng. 29. These several properties of the consonants may be exhibited at one view in the following table, which may be called An Analogical Table of the Consonants. ( Sharp, p, pomp { Flat, b, bomb j Sharp,/,«/ \ Flat, v, of Mute labials Hissing labials / labio- > nasal \ liquid m Mute dentals Sharp, t, tat Flat, d, dad I Sharp, s, say \ Flat, z, as \ Sharp, cth, death \ Flat, the. scythe I Sharp, k, kick \ Flat, g hard, gag Dento-guttural or nasal ng, hang. Hissing dentals Lisping dentals Gutturals etch edge or j esh, passion ezhe, vision dento- nasal liquid 7i dental liquid I guttural liquid r •*0. Vowels and consonants being thus defined and ar- j ranged, we are the better enabled to enter upon an in- j -miry into their different powers, as they are differently j combined with each other. But previous to this, that \ nothing may be wanting to form a just idea of the first | ;>rinciples of pronunciation, it may not bo improper to | show the organick formation of each letter. Organick Formation of the Letters. 31. Though I think every mechanical account of the or- ganick formation of the letters rather curious than useful, yet, that nothing which can be presented to the eye may be wanting to inform the ear. 1 snail in this follow those who have been at the pains to trace every letter to its seat, and make us, as it were, touch the sounds we arti- culate. Organick Formation of the Vowels. 32. It will be necessary to observe, that there are three long sounds of the letter a, which are formed by a greater or less expansion of the internal part3 of the mouth. 33. The German a heard in ball, wall. &c. is formed bv a strong and grave expression of the breath through the mouth, which is open nearly in a circular form, while the tongue, contracting itself to the root, as if to make way for the sound, almost rests upon the under jaw. 34. The Italian a, heard in father, closes the mouth a Uttle more than the German a ; and by raising the lower jaw, widening the tongue, and advancing it a little nearer to the lips, renders its sound less hollow and deep. 35. The slender a, or that heard in lane, is formed in the mouth still higher than the last ; and in pronouncing it, the lips, as if to give it a slender sound, dilate their aperture horizontally ; while the tongue, to assist this narrow emission of breath, widens itself to the cheeks, raises itself nearer the palate, and by these mean* a less hollow sound than either of the former is produced. 36. The e in c-qual is formed by dilating the ton?ue a. little more, and advancing it nearer to the palate and the lips, which produces the slenderest vowel in the language ; for the tongue is, in the formation of this letter, as close to the palate as possible, without touching it ; as the mo- ment the tongue touches the palate, the squeezed sound of eein thee and meet is formed, which, by its description, must partake of the sound of the consonant y. 37. The i in i-dol is formed by uniting the sound of the Italian a in father and the c in e-?ual and pronouncing OF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE VOWELS. a them as closely together as possible. See Directions to Foreigners, at the beginning of this book. 38. The o in o-pen is formed by nearly the same posi- tion of the organs as the a in wa-ter ; but tho tongue is advanced a liKle more into the middle of the mouth, the lips are protri ded, and form a round aperture like the form of the letter, and the voice is not so deep in the mouth as when a is formed, but advances to the middle or hollow of the mouth. 39. The u in tt-nit is formed by uniting the squeezed sound ee to a simple vowel sound, heard in wno and coo ; the oo in these words is formed by protruding the lips a little more than in o, forming a smaller aperture with them, and. instead of swelling the voice in the middle of the mouth, bringing it as forward as possible to the lips. 40. Y rinal in try is formed like i .- and :o final in now, like the oo, which has just been described. In this view of the organick formation of the vowels we find that a, e , and o, are the only simple or pure vowels : that t is a diphthong, and that u is a semi- consonant. If we were inclined to contrive a scale for measuring the breadth or narrowness, or, as others term it, the openness or closeness of the vowels, we might begin with e open, as Mr. Elphinston calls it, and which he announces to be the closest of all the vocal powers. In the pronunciation of this letter we find the aperture of the mouth extended on each side ; the lips almost closed, and the sound issuing horizontally. The slender a in waste opens the mouth a little wider. The a in father opens the mouth still more without contracting the corners. The German a heard in wall, not only opens the mouth wider than the former a, but contracts the corners of the mouth so as to make the nurture approach nearer to a circle, while the o opens the mouth still more, and contracts the corners so as to make it the os rotundiun, a picture of the letter it sounds. If, therefore, the other vowels were, like o, to take their forms from the aperture of the mouth in pronouncing them, the German a ought necessarily to have a figure as nearly approaching the o in form as it does in sound ; that is. it ought to have that elliptical form which approaches nearest to the circle ; as the a of the Italians, and that of the English in father, ought to form ovals, in exact pro- portion to the breadth of their sounds; the English a in waste ought to have a narrower oval ; the e in the ought to have the curve of a parabola, and the squeezed sound of ee in seen a right line; or to reduce these lines to solids, the o would be a perfect globe, the German a an oblate spheroid like the figure of the earth T the Italian a like an esrg, the English slender a a Dutch skittle, the c a roiling-pin, and the double e a cylinder. Organick Formation of the Consonants. 41. The best method of showing the organick formation of the consonants will be, to class them into such pairs as they naturally fall into, and then, by describing one, we shall nearly describe its fellow ; by which means the labour will be lessened, and the nature of the consonants better perceived. The consonants that fall into pairs are the following : f t s sh th k ch chair, v d z ih dh g j jail. 4:2. Holder, who wrote the most elaborately and philo- sophically upon this subject, tells us, in his Elements of Speech, that when we only whisper we cannot distinguish the first rank of these letters from the second. It is cer- tain the difference between them is very nice; the upper letters seeming to have only a smarter, brisker appulse of the organs than the lower ; which may not improperly be distinguished by sharp and flat. The most marking dis- tinction between them will be found to be a sort of guttu- ral murmur, which precedes the latter letters when we wish to pronounce them forcibly, but not the former. Thus if we close the lips, and put the fingers on them to keep them shut, and strive to pronounce the p, no sound at all will be heard : but in striving to pronounce the b we shall find a murmuring sound from the throat, which seems the commencement of the letter ; and if we do but stop the breath by the appulse of the organs, in order to pronounce with greater force, the same may be observed of the rest of the letters. 43. This difference in the formation of these consonants may be more distinctly perceived in the s and z than in any other of the letters ; the former is sounded by the simple issue of the breath between the teeth, without any vibration of it in the throat, and may be called a hiss- ing sound ; while the latter cannot be formed without ge- nerating a sound in the throat, which may be called a vo- cal sound. The upper rank of letters, therefore, may be called breathing consonants ; and the lower, vocal ones. 44. These observations premised, we may proceed to describe the organick formation of each letter. 45. P and B are formed by closing the lips till the breath is collected, and then letting it issue by forming the vowel t. 46. F and V are formed by pressing the upper teeth upon the under lip, and sounding the vowel e before th« former and after the latter of theso letters. 47. T and D are formed by pressing the tip of tho tongue to the gums of the upper teeth, and then separat- ing them, by pronouncing the vowel e. 48. S and Z are formed by placing the tongue in th© same position as in Tand D, but not so close to the gums, as to stop the breath : a space is left between the tongue and the palate for the breath to issue, which forms the hissing and buzzing sound of these letters. 49. SH heard in mission, and zh in evasion, are formed in the same seat of sound as * and i j but in the former, the tongue is drawn a little inwards, and at a somewhat greater distance from the palate, which occasions a fuller effusion of breath from the hollow of the mouth, than in the latter, which are formed nearer to the teeth. 50. TH in think, and the same letters in that, are form- ed by protruding the tongue between the fore teeth, press- ing it against the upper teeth, and at the same time en- deavouring to sound the s or : ; the former letter to sound th in think, and the latter to sound th in that. 51. K and G hard are formed by pressing the middle of the tongue to the roof of the mouth near the throat, and separating them a little smartly to form the first, and more gently to form the last of these letters. 52. CH in chair, and J in jail, are formed by pressing t to sh, and d to zh. 53. Jtf is formed by closing the lips, as in P and B f and letting the voice issue by the nose. 54. JV is formed by resting the tongue in the same posi- tion as in T or D, and breathing through the nose, with the mouth open. 55. L is formed by nearly the same position of the or- gans as t and d, but more with the tip of the tongue, which is brought a little forwarder to the teeth, while the breath issues from the mouth. 55. R is formed by placing the tongue nearly in the po- sition of t, but at such a distance from the palate as suf- fers it to jar against it, when the breath is propelled from the throat to the mouth. 57. NG in ring, sing, &c. is formed in the same seat of sound as hard g ; but while the middle of the tongue presses the roof of the mouth, as in G, the voice passes principally through the nose, as in JV. 58. Y consonant is formed by placing the organs in the position of e, and squeezing the tongue against the roof of the mouth, which produces ee, which is equivalent to initial?/. (36.) 59. TV consonant is formed by placing the organs in the position of oo, described under u, and closing the lips a little more, in order to propel the breath upon the suc- ceeding vowel which it articulates. 60. In this sketch of the formation and distribution of the consonants, it is curious to observe on how few radi- cal principles the almost infinite variety of combination in language depends. It is with some degree of wonder we perceive that the slightest aspiration, the almosS in- sensible inflection of nearly similar sounds, often generate the most different and opposite meanings. In this view of nature, as in every other, we find uniformity and vari- ety very conspicuous. The single fiat, at first impressed on the chaos, seems to operate on languages; which, from the simplicity and paucity of their principles, and the extent and power of their combinations, prove the goodness, wisdom, and omnipotence of their origin. 61. This analogical association of sounds is not only curious, but useful : it gives us a comprehensive view of" the powers of the letters ; and, from the small number that are radically different, enables us to see the rules on which their varieties depend : it discovers to us the genius and propensities of several languages and dialects, and, when authority is silent, enables us to decide agreeably to analogy. 62. The vowels, diphthongs, and consonants, thus enu merated and defined, before we proceed to ascertain their different powers, as they are differently associated with each other, it may be necessary to give some account of those distinctions of sound in the same vowels which ex- press their quantity as long or short, or their quality as open or close, or slender and broad. This will appear the more necessary, as these distinctions so frequently occur in describing the sounds of the vowels, and as they are not unfrequently used with too little precision by most writers on the subject. Of the Quantity and Quality of the Vowels. 63. The first distinction of sound that seems to obtrude itself upon us when we utter the vowels, is a long and a short sound according to the greater or h?ss duration of time taken up in pronouncing them. This distinction is so obvious as to have been adopted in all languages, and is that to which we annex clearer ideas than to anv »tJ"»- : 14 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER A. and though the short sounds of some vowels have not in our language been classed with sufficient, accuracy with their parent long ones, yet this has bred but little confu- sion, as vowels long and short are always sufficiently dis- tinguishable ; and the nice appropriation of short sounds to their specifick long ones is not necessary to our convey- ing what sound we mean, when the letter to which we apply these sounds is known, and its power agreed upon. 64. The next distinction of vowels into their specifick sounds, which seems to be the most generally adopted, is that which arises from the different apertures of the mouth in forming them. It is certainly very natural, when we have so many more simple sounds than we have characters by which to express them, to distinguish them by that which seems their organick definition; and we ac- cordingly find vowels denominated by the French, ouvert and fermi ; by the Italians, aperto and chiuso ; and by the English open and shut. 65. But whatever propriety there may be in the use of these terms in other languages, it is certain they must be used with caution in English, for fear of confounding them with long and short. Dr. Johnson and other gram- marians call the a in father the open a t which may, in- deed, distinguish it from the slender a in paper ; but not from the broad a in water, which is still more open. Each of these letteis has a short sound, which may be called a shut sound ; but the long sound cannot be so properly denominated open as more or less broad ; that is, the a ir paper, the slender sound ; the a in father, the broadish or middle sound ; and the a in water, the broad sound. The same may be observed of the o. This letter has three iong sounds, heard in move, note, nor ; which graduate from slender to broadish, and broad, like the a. The i also in mine may be called the broad i, and that in ma- chine the slender i ; though each of them is equally long ; and though these vowels that are long may be said to be more or less open according to the different apertures of I the mouth in forming them, yet the short vowels cannot be said to be more or less shut; for as short always im- plies shut (except in verse,) though long does not always imply open, we must be careful not to confound long and open, and close and shut, when we speak of the quantity I and quality of the vowels. The truth of it is, all vowels i either terminate a syllable, or are united with a conso-| nant. In the first case, if the accent be on the syllable, |j the vowel is long, though it may not be open : in the se- cond case, where a syllable is terminated by a consonant, except that consonant be r. whether the accent be on the syllable or not, the vowel has its short sound, which, compared with its long one, may be called shut ; but as no vowel can be said to be shut that is not joined to a conso- nant, all vowels that end syllables may be said to be open, whether the accent be on them or not. (550) (551.) 66, But though the terms long and short, as applied to vowels, are pretty generally understood, an accurate ear will easily perceive that these terms do not always mean the long and short sounds of the respective vowels to which they are applied; for if we choose to be directed by the ear in denominating vowels long or short, we must certainly give these appellations- to those sounds only which have exactly the same radical tone, and differ only in the long or short emission of that tone. Thus measur- ing the sounds of the vowels by this scale, we shall find that the long i and y have properly no short sounds but such as seem essentially distinct from their long ones ; and that the short sound of these vowels is no other than the short sound of e, which is the latter letter in the compo- sition of these diphthongs. (37.) 67. The same want of correspondence in classing the long and short vowels we find in a, e, o, and u ; for as the c «n theme does not find its short sound in the same letter i". them, but in the i in him; so the e in them must, de- scend a step lower into the province of a for its long sound in tame. The a in carry is not the short sound of the a in care, but of that in car, father, &c. as the short broad sound of the a in want is the true abbreviation of that in icall. The sound of o in don, gone, &c. is exactly corre- spondent to the a in swan, and finds its long sound in the a in wall, or the diphthong aw in dawn, lawn, &c. ; while the short sound of the o in tone is nearly that of the same letter in ton, (a weight,) and corresponding with what is gen°-ally called the short sound of u in tun, gun, &.c. as the iong sound of u in pule must find its short sound in the u in pull, bull, &c. ; for this vowel, like the i and y, being a diphthong, its short sound is formed from the lat- ter part of the letter equivalent to double o, as the word pule, if spelled according to the sound, might be written jpeoole. 68 Another observation preparatory to a consideration of the various sounds of the vowels and consonants seenu o be the influence of the accent; as the accent or stress which is. laid upon certain syllables has so obvious an effect upon the sounds of the letters, that unless we take accent into the account, it will be impossible to rea- son rightly upon trw proper pronunciation of the Elements rctty, where the e is heard like short i. Vulgar speakers are guilty of the same irregularity in engine, as if written ingine ; but this cannot be too care- fully avoided. 102. The vowel e before I and n in the final unaccented syllable, by its being sometimes suppressed and some- times not, forms one of the most puzzling difficulties in pronunciation. When any of the liquids precede these letters, the e is heard distinctly, as woollen, flannel, wo- men, syren ; but when any of the other consonants come before these letters, the c is sometimes heard, as in novel, sudden ; and sometimes not, as in swivel, raven, Sec. As no other rule can be given for this variety of pronuncia- tion, perhaps the best way will be to draw the line be- tween those words where e is pronounced, and those where it is not ; and this, by the help of the Rhyming Dictionary, I am luckily enabled to do. In the first place, then, it may be observed, the c before I, in a final unac- cented syllable, must always be pronounced distinctly, except in the following words : Shekel, weasel, ousel, nou- sel, (better written nuzzle,) navel, ravel, snivel, rivel, drivel, shrivel, shovel, grovel, hazel, drazel, nozel. These words are pronounced as if the e were omitted by an apos- trophe, as shekH, weasH, ousH, Sec. or rather as if written sheckle, weazle, ouzle, Sec. ; but as these are the only words of this termination that are so pronounced, great care must be taken that we do not pronounce travel, gra- vel, rebel, (the substantive,) parcel, chapel, and vessel, in the same manner ; a fault to which many are very prone. 103. JE before n in a final unaccented syllable and not. DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER /. 17 preceded by a liquid, must always be suppressed in the verbul terminations in en, as to loosen, to hearken, ami in other words, except the following : Sudden, mynchen, kitchen, hyphen, chicken, ticken, (better written ticking,) jcrken, aspen, platen, paten, marten, latten, patten, leaven or lercn, sloven, mittens. In these words the e is heard distinctly, contrary to the general rule which suppresses tlw e in those syllables, when preceded by a mute, us har- den, heathen, heaven, as if written tntrd , n J heathen, he avl'n, &.C. ; nay, even when preceded by a liquid in the words fallen unci stolen, where the c is suppressed, as if they were written fall'ii, and stoVn: garden and burden, therefore, are very analogically pronounced gard'n and burden: and this pronunciation ought the rather to be in- dulged, as wo always hear the c suppressed in gardener and burdensome, as if written gardener, and burdensome. See No. 472. 10-1. This diversity in the pronunciation of these termi- nations ought the more carefully to be attended to, as nothing is so vulgar and childish as to hear swivel and heaven pronounced with the e distinctly, or novel and chicken with the e suppressed. But the most genoral suppression of this letter is in the preterits of verbs, and in participles ending in cd ; here, when the c is not pre- ceded by d or £, the e is almost universally sunk, (3o'2,) and the two linal consonants are pronounced in one sylla- ble : thus loved, lived, barred, marred, are pronounced as if written lord, livd, bard, mard. The same may be ob- served of this letter when silent in the singulars of nouns, or the first persons of verbs, as theme, make, ice. which form themes in the plural, and makes in the third person, . as marked by Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and Bucha- nan: bfit even among theso words we sometimes hear otherwise pronounced otherwiz, as marked by Mr. Sheri- dan and W. Johnston ; but, I think, improperly. 153. When the accent is on the last syllable but, two in these words, they are invariably pronounced with the i Ion", as criticise, equalise. 154. In the termination ite, when the accent is on it, the i is always long, as requite. When the accent is on the last syllable but one, it is always shrrt, as respite, (140,) pronounced as if written respit, except contrite and crinite ; but when the accent is on the last syllable but two. the i is generally long : the exceptions, however, are so many, that a catalogue of both will be the best rule. 155. The i is long in expedite, recondite, incondite, her- maphrodite, Carmelite, theodolite, cosmopolite, chryso- lite, eremite, aconite, margarite, marcasite, parasite, ap- petite, bipartite, tripartite, quadripartite, convertite, an- chorite, pituite, satellite. As the word stands in Ken- rick's Dictionary sa-ttll-it, having the i short, and the accent on the second syllable, it is doubly wrong. The i in the last syllable is shortened also by W. Johnston and Perry, but made long, as it ought to he, by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Nares. See Recondite. 156. The i is short in cucurbite, ingenite, definite, in- definite, infinite, hypocrite, favourite, requisite, pre-requi- site, perquisite, exquisite, apposite, and opposite. Hetero- clitc has the i long in Sheridan, but short in Kenrick. The former is, in my opinion, the best pronunciation, (see the word in the Dictionary ;) but ite, in what may be called a gentile termination, has the i always long, aa in Hivitc, Samnite, cosmopolite, bedlamite, &c. 157. The termination ive, when the accent is on it, is always long, as in hive, except in the two verbs give, live, and their compounds, giving, living, &c. ; for the adjec- tive live, as a live animal, has the i long, and rhymes with strive ; so have the adjective and adverb, lively, and livelily .- the noun livelihood follows the same ana- logy; but the adjective live-long, as the live-long day, has the i short, as in the verb. When the accent is not on the i in this termination it, is always short, as Sportive, plaintive, &c. rhyming with give (150,) except the word be a gentile, as Argive. 158. All the other adjectives and substantives of this termination, when the accent is not on it, have the i ' variably short, as offensive, defensive, &c. The i in salique is short, as if written sallick, but long in oblique, rhyming with pike, strike, &c. ; while antique has the t long and slender, and rhymes with speak. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Barclay, have obleek for oblique ; Mr. Scott has it both ways, but gives the slender sound first ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares*. and W. Johnston, oblike. The latter is, in my opinion, more agreeable to polite usage, but the former more analogical ; for as it comes from the French oblique, we cannot write it oblike, as Mr. Nares wishes, any more than antique, antike, for fear of departing too far from the Latin anti- quits and obliquus. Opaque, Mr. Nares observes, has be- come opakc ; but then it must be remembered, that the Latin is opacus and not opaquus. 159. All the terminations in ize have the i long, except to endenize ; which, having the accent on the second syllable, follows the general rule, and has the i short, pronounced as in the verb is, (140.) To these observa- tions wo may add, that though evil and devil suppress the i, as if written evH and dcvH, yet that cavil and pencil preserve its sound distinctly ; and that Latin ought never to be pronounced as it is generally at schools, as if writ- ten Latfn. Cousin and cozen both drop the last vowels, as if spelled cozn, and are only distinguishable to the eye. Thus we see how little regularity there is in the sound of this letter when it is not under the accent ; and, when custom will permit, how careful we ought to be to pre- serve the least trace of analogy, that "confusion may not be worse confounded." The sketch that has been just given may, perhaps, afford something like a cleAV to direct us in this labyrinth, and it is hoped it will enable the ju- dicious speaker to pronounce with more certainty and decision. 1G0. It was remarked under the vowel A, that when a hard g or c preceded that vowel, a sound like e interposed, the better to unite the letters, and soften the sound ofthe consonant. The same may he observed of the letter /. When this vowel is preceded by hard g or k, which is but another form for hard c, it is pronounced as if an e were inserted between the consonant and the vowel : thus, sky, kind, guide, guise, disguise, catechise, guile, beguile, man- kind, are pronounced as if written ske-y, ke-ind, guc-ise, disgue-ise, cate-che-ise, gue-ile, be-gue-ile, manke-ind. At first we are surprised that two such different letters as a and i should be affected in the same manner by the hard gutturals g, e, and k ; but when we reflect that i is really composed of a and e, (37,) our surprise ceases ; and we are pleased to find the ear perfectly uniform in its procedure, and entirely unbiassed by the eye. From this view ofthe analogy we may see how greatly mistaken is a very solid and ingenious writer on this subject, who says, that " ky-ind for kind is a monster of pronunciation, heard only on our stage." Nares 1 English Orthoepy, page 28. Dr. Beattie, in his Theory of Language, takes notice of this union of vowel sounds, page 266. See No. 92. It may not, perhaps, seem unworthy of notice, that when this letter is unaccented in the numerous termina- tions ity, ible, nt this corruption of tho diphthong wliicli Mr. Sheridan lias adopted, seems confined to tho Stage. See the word. 2-29. The preterimperfect tense ot eat is sometimes writ- ten ate, particularly by Lord Bolingbroke, and frequently, and, perhaps, more correctly, pronounced et, especially in Ireland: but eaten always preserves the ea long. 230. Ea in fearful is "long when it signifies timorous, and short when it signifies terrible, as il written ferful. See the word. SCI. To read is long in tho present tense, and short in the past and participle, which are sometimes written red. 232. Teat, a dug, is marked by Dr. Kcnrick, Mr. Elphin- Bton, and Mr. Nates, with short c like tit, but more pro- perl f by Mr. Sheridan. Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and .Mr. Smith, with the long e, rhyming with meat. 833. Beat, the preterimperfect tense, and participle of to hr if., is frequently pronounced in Ireland like bet (a : and if utility were the only object of language, this would certainly he the preferable pronunciation, as nothing tends more to obscurity than verbs which have no diiferent form for their present and past times; but fashion in this, as in many other cases, triumphs over use and propriety ; and bet, for the past time and participle of beat, must be religiously avoided. 234. Ea is pronounced like the short c in the following words: Abreast, ahead, already, bedstead, behead, be- spread, bestead, bread, breadth, breakfast, breast, breath, cleanse, cleanly, (adjective), cleanlily, dead, deadly, deaf, deafen, dearth, death, earl, earldom, early, earn, earnest, earth, earthen, earthly, endeavour, feather, head, heady, health, heard, hearse, heaven, heavy, jealous, impcarl, instead, lead, leaden, leant, (the past time and partici- ple of to lean), learn, learning, leather, leaven, mea- dow, meant, measure, pearl, peasant, pheasant, pleasant, pleasantry, pleasure, read, (past time and participle), readily, readiness, ready, realm, rehearsal, rehearse, research, seamstress, scarce, search, spread, stead, stead- fast, stead;!, stealth, stealthy, sweat, sweaty, thread, threaden, threat, threaten, treachery, tread, treadle, trea- sure, uncleanly, wealth, toealthy, weapon, weather, yearn, zealot, zealous, zealously. 235. I have given the last three words, compounded of zeal, as instances of the short sound of the diphthong, be- cause it is certainly the more usual sound; but some at- tempts have lately been made in the House of Commons to pronounce them long, as in the noun. It is a commend- able zeal to endeavour to reform the language as well as the constitution ; but whether, if these words were alter- ed, it would be a real reformation, may admit of some dispute. See Enclitical Termination, No. 515, and the word Zealot. 235. Heard, the past time and participle of hear, is sometimes corruptly pronounced with the diphthong long, so as to rhyme with reared ; but this is supposing the verb to be regular; which, from the spelling, is evidently not the case. 237. It is, perhaps, worth observation, that when this diphthong comes before r, it is apt to slide into the short u, which is undoubtedly very near the true sound, but not exactly : thus pronouncing earl, earth, dearth, as if writ- tea url, urth, durth, is a slight deviation from the true sound, which is exactly that of i before r, followed by another consonant, in virtue, virgin ; and that is the true sou 1 1 of short e in vermin, vernal, &.c. (103.) 2d 3. Leant, the past time and participle of to lean, is grown vulgar .- the regular form leaned is preferable. 239. The past time and participle of the verb to leap, seems to prefer the irregular form : therefore, though we almost always hoar to leap rhyming with reap, we gene- ' rally hear leaped, written and pronounced leapt, rhyming with wept. 240. Ea is pronounced like long slender a in bare, in the following words : Bear, bearer, break, forbear, forswear , great, pear, steak, swear, to tear, wear. 241. The word great is sometime* pronounced as if written greet, generally by people of education, and al- most universally in Ireland ; but this is contrary to the fixed and settled practice in England. That this is an affected pronunciation, will be perceived in a moment by- pronouncing this word in the phrase, Alexander the Great; for those who pronounce the word greet, in other cases, will generally in this rhyme it with /ate. It is true the ee is the regular sound of this diphthong; but this slender sound of c has, in all probability, given way to that of a as deeper and more expressive of the epithet great. 242. The same observations are applicable to the word break ; which is much more expressive of the action when 4 pronounced brake than breck, as it is sometimes affectedly pronounced. 343. Ea is pronounced like the long Italian a in father, in the following words : Heart, hearty, hearten, hearth, hearken. 244. Ea, unaccented, has an obscure sound, approach- ing to short w, in vengeance, serjeant, pageant, and 'pa- geantry. EAU. 245. This is a French rather than an English triph- thong, being found only in words derived from that lan- guage. Its sound is that of long open o, as beau, bureau, Jtambcau, portmanteau. In beauty and its compounds, it has the first sound of u, as if written bewty. EE. 246. This diphthong, in all words except those that end in r, has a squeezed sound of long open c, formed by a clo- ser application of the tongue to the roof of the "mouth, than iii that vowel singly, which is distinguishable to a nice ear, in the difFcrent sounds of the verbs iofiec and to jnect, and the nouns. flea and meat. This has always been my opinion; but, upon consulting some good speakers on the occasion, and in particular, Mr. Gar rick, who could find no difference in the sound of these words, I am less confident in giving it to the publick. At any rate the dif- ference is but very trifling, and I shall therefore consider ce as equivalent to the long open c. 247. This diphthong is irregular only in the word breeches, pronounced as if written britches. Cheesecake, sometimes pronounced chiicake, and breech, britch,! look upon as vulgarisms. Beelzebub, indeed, in prose, has ge- nerally the short sound of e, as in bell : and when these two letters form but one syllable, in the poetical contrac- tion of e'er and ne'er, for ever and never, they are pro- nounced as if written air and nair. EI. 248. The general sound of this diphthong seems to be | the same as ey, when under the accent, which is like long slender a ; but the other sounds are so numerous as to re quire a catalogue of them all. 249. FA has the sound of long slender a in deign, vein rein, reign, feign, feint, veil, heinous, heir, heiress, in- veigh, loeigh, neigh, skein, reins, their, theirs, eio-Jit, freight, weight, neighbour, and their compounds. Wlier. gh comes after this diphthong, though there is not th«' least remnant of the Saxon guttural sound, yet it has not exactly the same simple vowel sound as when followed by I other consonants ; et, followed by gh, sounds both vowel's like ac ; or if we could interpose the y consonant between the a and t in eight, weight, &c. it might, perhaps, con- vey the sound better. The difference, however, is so deli- cate as to render this distinction of no great importance. The same observations are applicable to the words straight, straighten, &c. See the word Eight. 250. Ei has the sound of long open c in here, in the fol- lowing words and their compounds : To ceil, ceiling, conceit, deceit, receipt, conceive, perceive, deceive, receive, inveigle, seize, seisin, seignior, seigniory, seine, plebeian. Obeisance ought to be in the preceding class. See the word. 251 Leisure is sometimes pronounced as rhyming with pleasure ; but, in my opinion, very improperly: for if it be allowed that custom is equally divided, we ought, in this case, to pronounce the diphthong long, as more ex- pressive of the idea annexed to it. (241.) 252. Either and neither are so often pronounced eye- ther and nigh-thcr, that it is hard to say to which class they belong. Analogy, however, without hesitation, gives the diphthong the sound of long open e, rather than that of i, and rhymes them with breather, one who breathes. This is the pronunciation Mr. Garrick always gave 1o these words ; but the true analogical sound of the diph- thong in these words is that of the slender a, as if written ay-ther and nay-ther This pronunciation is adopted in Ireland, but is not favoured by one of our orthoepists ; for Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Perry, Mr. Smith, Steel's Grammar, and Dr. Jones, all pronounce these words with the diphthong like long e. W. Johnston alone adopts the sound of long i exclusively; Dr. Kcn- rick gives both ether and ither, but prefers the first, but gives neither the sound of long e exclusively : Mr. Coote says these words are generally pronounced with the ft like the i in mine. Mr. Barclay gives no description of the sound of ei in either, but says neither is sometimes prouounced nithcr and by others nether ; and Mr. Nares says, " either and neither are spoken by some with the sound of long i. ; I have heard even that of long a given to them: but as the regular way is also in use, I think it is preferable. These differences seem to have arisen from 26 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS EO, EOU, &c. ignorance of the regular sound of ci." If by the regular way and the regular sound of this diphthong Mr. Nares means the long sound of e, we need only inspect No. 249, and 250, to see that the sound of a is the more general sound, and therefore ought to be called the regular ; but where there are so many instances of words where this diphthong has the long sound of e, and custom is so uni- form in these words, there can be no doubt which is the true sound. 253. Ei has the sound of long open i, in height and sleight, rhyming with white and right. Height is, indeed, often heard rhyming with eight and weight, and that among very respectable speakers ; but custom seems to decide in favour of the other pronunciation, that it may better tally with the adjective high, of which it is the ab- stract. 254. Ei has the sound of short e, in the two words hei- fer and nonpareil, pronounced heffer and nonpareil. 255. This diphthong, when unaccented, like ai, (208,) drops the former vowel, and is pronounced like short i, in foreign, foreigner, forfeit, forfeiture, sovereign, sove- reignty, surfeit, counterfeit. EO. 256. This diphthong is pronounced like e long in people, as if written peeple ; and like e short in leopard, and jeo- pardy, as if written leppard and jeppardy ; and in the law terms feoffee, feoffer, and feoff ment, as if written feffee, fr'ffer, a.ni feffment. 257. We frequently hear these vowels contracted into short o in geography and geometry, as if written joggra- phy, and jommetry ; but this gross pronunciation seems daily wearing away, and giving place to that which sepa- rates the vowels into two distinct syllables, as it is al- ways heard in geographical, geometer, geometrical, and geometrician. Oeorgick is always heard as if written jorgick, and must be given up as incorrigible. (116.) 258. Eo is heard like long w in feod,fcodal, feodatory, which are sometimes written as they are pronounced, feud, feudal, feudatory. 259. Eo, when unaccented, has the sound of « short in surgeon, sturgeon, dudgeon, gudgeon, bludgeon, curmud- geon, dungeon, luncheon, puncheon, truncheon, burgeon, habergeon, but in scutcheon, escutcheon, pigeon, and wid- geon, the eo sounds like short i. 260. Eo sounds like long o in yeoman and yeomanry ; the first syllables of which words rhyme with go, no, ?<>. See the words. 261. Eo in galleon, a Spanish ship, sounds as if written galloon, rhyming with moon. EOU. 262. This assemblage of vowels, for they cannot he pro- perly called a triphthong, is often contracted into one syllable in prose, and poets never make it go for two. In cutaneous and vitreous, two syllables are palpable ; but ,in gorgeous and outrageous the soft g coalescing with e seems to drop a syllable, though polite pronunciation will always preserve it. 263. This assemblage is never found but in an unac- cented syllable, and generally a final one ; and when it is immediately preceded by the dentals d or t, it melts them into the sounds of j and tch .• thus hideous and piteous are pronounced as if written hijeous and pltcheous. The same may be observed of righteous, plenteous, bounteous, cour- teous, beauteous, and duteous. (293,) (294.) EU. 264. This diphthong is always sounded like long u or e?o, and is scarcely ever irregular : thus feud, deuce, &c. are pronounced as if written fewd, dewce,&,c. EW. 265. This diphthong is pronounced like long u, and is almost always regular. There is a corrupt pronunciation of it like oo chiefly in London, where we sometimes hear dew and new, pronounced ao if written doo and noo ; but when r precedes this diphthong, as in brew, crew, drew, &c. pronouncing it like oo, is scarcely improper. See (176,) (339.) . 266. Shew and strew have almost left this class, and by Johnson's recommendation are become shore and strow, as they are pronounced. The proper name Shrewsbury, however, still retains the e, though always pronounced Shrowsbury. Sew, with a needle, always rhymes with no ; and sewer, signifying a drain, is generally pronounced shore: but sewer an officer, rhymes with fewer. See Sewer. 267. Eio is sometimes pronounced like aw in the verb to chew ; but this is gross and vulgar. To chew ought al- ways to rhyme with new, view, &c. EWE. 268. This triphthong exists only in the word ewe, a fe- male sheep; which is pronounced exactly like yew a tree, or the plural personal pronoun you. There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word as if written yoe, rhyming with doe, which must be carefully avoided. See the word. EY. 269. When tne accent is on this diphthong, it is always pronounced like ay, or like its kindred diphthong ei in vein, reign, &c. ; thus bey, dey, grey, prey, they, trey, whey, obey, convey, purvey, survey, hey, eyre, and eyry, are always heard as if written bay, day, &c. Key and ley are the only exceptions, which always rhyme with sea. (220.) 270. Ey, when unaccented, is pronounced like ee .• thus galley, valley, alley, barley, &c. are pronounced as if written gallee, vallee, &c. The noun survey, therefore, if we place the accent on the first syllable, is anomalous. See the word. EYE. 271. This triphthong is only found in the word eye, which is always pronounced like the letter /. IA. 272. This diphthong, in the terminations ian, ial, iard, and iate, forms but one syllable, though the i in this si- tuation, having the squeezed sound of ee perfectly similar to y, gives the syllable a double sound, very distinguish- able in its nature from a syllable formed without the t .• thus Christian, filial, poniard, conciliate, sound as if written Christ-yan, fil-yal, pon-yard, concil-yate, and have in the last syllable an evident mixture of the sound of y consonant. (113.) 273. In diamond, these vowels are properly no diph- thong ; and in prose, the word ought to have three distinct syllables ; but we frequently hear it so pronounced as to drop the a entirely, and as if written dimond. This, how- ever, is a corruption that ought to be avoided. 274. In carriage, marriage, parliament, and miniature, the a is dropped, and the ilias its short sound, as if writ ten carridgc, marridge, parliment, miniture. (90.) IE. 275. The regular sound of this diphthong is that of ee, as in grieve, thieve, fiend, lief, liege, chief kerchief, handkerchief, auctionier, grenadier, &c. as if written greeve, theeve,feend, &c. 276. It has the sound of long t in die, hie, lie, pie, tie, vie, as if written dy, hy, &c. 277. The short sound of e is heard in friend, tierce, and the lon7 285. In one word, lieutenant, these letters aro pro- nounced like short e, as if written lev-tenant. Seethe word. TEW. 286. These letters occur only in the word view where they sound like ecu, rhyming with/ew, new. IO. 087. When the accent is upon the first of these vowels they form two distinct syllables, as violent, violet ; the last of which is sometimes corruptly pronounced vi-let. 288. In marchioness the i is entirely sunk, and the un- aecented o pronounced, as it usually is in this situation, like short it, as if written marshuness. (352.) 289. In cushion the o is sunk, and the word pronounced cushm. See the word. 290. In the very numerous termination ion, these vow- els are pronounced in one syllable like short u ; but when they are preceded by a liquid, as in million, minion, cla- rion,&c. (113,) the two vowels, though they make but one syllable, are heard distinctly: the same may be observed when they are preceded by any of the other consonants, except 5 and t, as champion, scorpion, &c. where the vow- els are heard separately : but the terminations tion and sion are pronounced iu "one syllable, like the verb shun. 291. The only exception to this rule is, when the t is preceded by a: in this case the t goes into tch, and the t is in a small degree audible like short e. This may be heard in question, mixtion, digestion, combustion, and what is an instance of the same kind in Christian, as if written questshun,mix tshun, &.C. quest-yun, mixt-yun. (272.; (464.) 10 u. 292. This triphthong, when preceded by a liquid, or any mute but a dental, is heard distinctly in two syllables, as in bilious, various, glorious, abstemious, ingenious, copious ; but when preceded by the dentals t, soft c and s, these vow- els coalesce into one" syllable, pronounced likes/tus .• thus precious, factious, noxious,anxious, are sounded as if writ- ten presh-us,fac-shus,nock-shus,ang-shus. (459.) 293. The same tendency of these vowels to coalesce after a dental, and draw it to aspiration, makes us hear tedious, odious, and insidious, pronounced as if written te-je-us, o-jee-us, and in-sid-je-us ; for as d is but flat t, it is no wonder it should be subject to the same aspiration, when the same vowels follow : nay, it may be affirmed, that so agreeable is this sound of the d to the analogy of English pronunciation, that, unless we arc upon our guard, the organs naturally slide into it. It is not, how- ever, pretended that this is the politest pronunciation ; for the sake of analogy it were to be wished it were: but an ignorance of the real powers of the letters, joined with a laudable desire of keeping as near as possible to the or- thography, is apt to prevent the d from going into j, and to make us hear o-de-as, te-de-us. &c. On the other hand, the vulgar, who in this case are right by instinct, not only indulge the aspiration of the d, which the language is so prone to, but are apt to unite the succeeding syllables too closely, and to say o-jus, and tc-jus, instead of o-je-us, and te-je-us, or rather ode-yus, tede-yus. 294. If the y be distinctly pronounced, it sufficiently expresses the aspiration of the d, and is, in my opinion, the preferable mode of delineating the sound, as it keeps the two last syllables from uniting too closely. Where ana logy, therefore, is so clear, and cuMom so dubious, we ought not to hesitate a moment at pronouncing odious, tedious, perfidious, fastidious, insidious, invidious, cwii fendious, melodious, commodious, preludimis, and studi- ous, as if written, o-je-ous, te-je-ous, &c. or rather ode yus, tede-yus, &c. nor should we forget that Indian comes under the same analogy, and ought, though contrary to respectable usage, to be pronounced as if written Indyan and nearly as Inje-an. (376.) OA. 295. This diphthong is regularly pronounced as the long open sound of o, as in boat, coat, oat, coal, loaf, &.c. The only exceptions are, broad, abroad, groat, which sound as if written brawd, abrawd, grawt. Oatmeal is sometimes pronounced ot-meal, but seems to be recovering the long •ound of o, as in oat. OE. 296. Whether it be proper to retain the o in this diph- thong, or to banish it from our orthography, as Dr. John- son advises, certain it is, that in words from the learned languages it is always pronounced liko single e, and comes entirely under the same laws as that vowel ; thus, when it ends a syllable, with the accent upon it, it is long, as in Jln-toe-ci, Peri-oe-ci .• when under the secondary accent, in oec-umenical, oec-onomicks, it is like e short : it is long e in foe-tus, and short e in foe-tid und assa-foetida ; in doe, foe, sloe, toe, throe, hoe, (to dig,) and bilboes, it is sounded exactly like long open o: in canoe and shoe, like oo, as if written canoo and shoo .- and in the verb does, like short m, as if written duz. OEI. 297. There is but one word where this triphthong oc- curs, and that is in Shakspeare's King Lear, in the word ociliads, (glances.) and, in my opinion, it ought to be sounded as if written e-il-yads. OEU. 298. This diphthong is from the French, in the word manoeuvre; a word, within these few years, of very ge- neral use in our language. It is not in Johnson, and the oeu is generally pronounced by those who can pronounce French in the French manner; but this is such a sound of the u as does not exist in English, and therefore it can- not be described. The nearest sound is oo : with which, if this word is pronounced by an English speaker, as if written manoovre, it may, except with very nice French ears, escape criticism. 01. 299. The general and almost universal sound of this diphthong, is that of a in icater, and the first c in me-tre. This double sound is very distinguishable in boil, toil, spoil, joint, point, anoint, &c. which sound ought to be carefully preserved, as there is a very prevalent practice among the vulgar of dropping the o, and pronouncing these words as if written bile, tile, spile, &e. 300. The only instance which admits of a doubt in the sound of this diphthong, when under the accent, is in the word choir : but this word is now so much more fre- quently written quire, that uniformity strongly inclines us to pronounce the oi in choir like long i, and which, by the common orthography, seems fixed beyond recovery. But it may be observed, that either the spelling or the pronunciation of Chorister, commonly pronounced Q«j- rister, ought to be altered. See the words. 301. When this diphthong is not under the accent, it is variously pronounced. Dr. Kenrick places the accent on the first syllable of turcois, and, for I know not what rea- son, pronounces it as if written turkiz ; and turkois with the oi broad, as in boys, Mr. Sheridan places the accent on the second syllable", and gives the diphthong the French sound, as if the word was written turkazc. In my opinion tho best orthography is turquoise, and the best pronunci- ation with the accent on the last syllable, and the oi, sounded like long e, as if written turkees ; as we pro- nounce tortoise, witli tho accent on the first syllabic, and the oi like short i. as if written tnrtiz. 302. In avoirdupois, the first diphthong is pronounced like short c, as if "written averdupoise. 303. In con noisseur the same sound of c is substituted, as if written connesseur. 304. In shamois or chmnois, a species of leather, the oi is pronounced like long e, as if written shammee. 305. jQdroit a.nd devoir, two scarcely naturalized French words, have the oi regular, though the latter word, in po- lite pronunciation, retains its French sound, os if written deviccr. OO. 306. The sound of this diphthong is regular, except in a few words : it is pronounced long in moon, soon, fool, rood, food, mood, &c. This is its regular sound. 307. It has a shorter sound corresponding to the u in bull, in the words wool, wood, good, hood, foot, stood, un- derstood, withstood ; and these are the only words where this diphthong has this middle sound. 308. It has the sound of short u in the two words blood and flood, rhyming with mud. 309. Soot is vulgarly pronounced so as to rhyme with but, hut, &.c. but ought to have its long, regular sound, rhyming with boot, as we always hear it in the compound sooty. See the word. 310. Door and floor are universally pronounced by the English, as if written dore and flore ; but in Ireland they preserve the regular sound of oo. See the word Door. 311. Moor, a black man, is regular in polite pronuncia- tion, and like more in vulgar. Moor, a marsh, 13 some- times heard rhyming with store ; but more correct speak- ers pronounce it regularly, rhyming with poor. 23 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS OU, OW, AND OY. OU. 312. This is the most irregular assemblage of vowels in our language : its most common sound is that heard in bound, found, ground-, &c. and this may be called its pro- per sound ; but its deviations are so many and so various, that the best idea ot' it" will be conveyed by giving the sim- ples of all its different sounds. 313. The first or proper sound of this diphthong is com- posed of the a in ball, and the oo in woo, or rather the u in bull, and is equivalent to the oio in down, frown, &c. this sound is heard in abound, about, account, acousticks, aground, aloud, amount, around, arouse, astound, avouch, bough, bounce, bound, bounty, bounteous, bout, carouse, chouse, cloud, dough, clout, clouterly, compound, couch, eouchant, crouch, dejlour, devour, devout, doubt, doubt- ful, drought, doughty, douse, encounter, espouse, expound, Jlout, foul, flounder, found, foundling, fountain, frousy, glout, gout, (a disease.) ground, grouse, grout, hound, hour, house, impound, loud, lounge, louse, lout, mound, ■mountain, mountebank, mouse, mouth, noun, ounce, our, oust, out, outer, outermost, paramount, plough, pouch, pounce, pound, pout, profound, pronoun, pronounce, pro- pound, proud, rebound, recount, redoubt, redoubted, re- dound, rencounter, round, roundelay, rouse, rout, scoun- drel, scour, scout, shout, shroud, slouch, spouse, spout, sprout, stout, surround, south, thou, thousand, tousc, trounce, trowsers, trout, wound, (did wind,) slough (a miry place,) vouch, vouchsafe, without, scaramouch. 314. The second sound is that of short u in bud, and is heard in the following words and their compounds : Ad- journ, journey, journal, bourgeon, country, cousin, couple, ac.couple, double, trouble, courteous, courtesy, courage, en- courage, joust, gournet, housewife, flourish, mounch, nou- rish, enough, chough, rough, tough, slough, (a cast skin.) scourge, southerly, southern, southernwood, southward, touch, touchy, young, younkcr, and youngster ; but south- erly, southern, and southward, are sometimes pronounced regularly like south ;this, however, is far from the prevail- ing pronunciation. This is the sound this diphthong al- ways has, when the accent is not on it, unless in very few instances, where the compound retains the sound of the simple, as in pronoun ; but in sojourn and sojourner, with the accent on the first syllable, and in every unaccented termination in our and ous, this diphthong has exactly the sound of short u .- thus favour, honour, odour, and fa- mous, are pronounced as if written, favur, honur, odur, and fa mus. 315. The third sound given to these vowels is that of oo in coo and woo, (39,) and is found in the following words: Bouge, croup, group, aggroup, amour, paramour, bouse, bousy, boutefeu, capouch, cartuuch, fourbe, gout, jtaste,) and ragout (pronounced goo and ragoo,) rendez- vous, rouge, soup, sous, (pronounced soo,) surtout, through, throughly, toupee or toupet, you, your, youth, tour, contour, tourney, tournament, pour, and route (a road,) accoutre, billet-doux, agouti, uncouth, wound (a hurt.) and routine (a beaten road). See Tourney. 316. The verb to poiLr is sometimes pronounced to pore, and sometimes to poor ; in each case it interferes with a word of a different signification, and the best pronuncia- tion, which is that similar to power, is as little liable to that exception as either of the others. See the word. 317. To wound is sometimes pronounced so as to rhyme with found ; but this is directly contrary to the best usage : but route (a road, as to take a different route,) is often pronounced so as to rhyme with doubt, by respect- able speakers. 318. The fourth sound of this diphthong is that of long open o, and is heard in the following words : Though, al- though, coulter, court, accourt, gourd, courtier, course, dis- course, source, recourse, resource, bourn, dough, doughy, four, 'mould, mouldy, moult, mourn, shoulder, smoulder, soul, poultice, poult, poulterer, poultry, troul (to roll smoothly, marked by Mr. Sheridan as rhyming with doll, but more properly by Dr. Kenrick with roll,) and borough, thorough, furlough, fourteen, concourse, and intercourse, preserve the diphthong in the sound of long o, though not under the accent. 319. Tho fifth sound of ou is like the noun awe, and is heard only in ought, bought, brought, sought, besought, fought, nought, thought, methought, wrought. 320. The sixth sound is that of short oo, or the win bull, and is heard only in the auxiliary verbs would, could, should, rhyming with good, hood, stood, &c. 321. The seventh sound is that of short o, and heard only in cough and trough, rhyming with off and scoff: and in lough, and shough, pronounced lock and shock. ow. 322. The elementary sound of this diphthong is the same as the first sound of oh, and is heard in how, now, &.C but the sound of long o obtains in so many instances, that it will be necessary to give a catalogue of both. 323. The general sound, as the elementary sound may bo called, is heard in now, how, bow, (a mark of respect,) mow, (a heap of barley, &c.) cow, brow, brown, browse, plow, sow, vow, avow, allow, disallow, endow, down, clown, frown, town, crown, drown, gown, renown, dowager, dow- dy, dower, dowre, dowry, dowery, dowlas, drowse, drowsy, flower, bower, lower, (to look gloomy,) power, powder, proicess, prow, prowl, vowel, towel, bower, rowel, cowl, scowl, crowd, shower, tower, sow, (a swine,) sowins,soicl, thowl, low, (to bellow as a cow.) This word is generally pronounced as low, not high ; but if custom, in this case, has not absolutely decided, it ought, in my opinion, to have the first sound of this diphthong, rhyming with how, as much more expressive of the noise it signifies; which, where sounds are the ideas to be expressed, ought to have great weight in pronunciation. (241, 251.) See the word. 324. The second sound of this diphthong is heard in blow, slow, crow, grow, flow, glow, bow, (to shoot with,) know, low, (not high,) mow, (to cut grass,) roio, show, sow, (to scatter grain,) strow, snow, trow, below, bestow, owe, own, owner, flown, grown, groicth, know, known, sown, lower, (to bring low,) throw, thrown j in all these words the ow sounds like long o in go, no, so, &.c. 325. The noun prow, signilving the forepart of a ship, rhymes with go in Mr. Sheridan, and with now in Dr. Kenrick. The latter is, in my opinion, the preferable sound : while the verb to proiol (to seek for prey ) rhyn.es with oiol according to Mr. Sheridan, and with soul ac- cording to Dr. Kenrick: the latter has the old spelling prole to plead, but the former has, in my opinion, both analogy and the best usage on its side. Both these writers unite in giving the first sound of this diphthong to prow- ess ; which is unquestionably the true pronunciation. See To Prowl. 326. The proper names Howe, Howel, Howard, and Powel, generally are heard with the first sound of this diphthong, as in how, now, &c. but Howes, and Stow, (the historian,) commonly rhyme with knows and know. How- ard, among people of rank, is generally pronounced with the second sound, rhyming with froward ; and Grosvcnor, as if written Grovenor. Snoicdon is frequently pronounced with the first sound of ow ; but the second sound seems preferable ; as it is not improbable that these mountains had their name, like the Alps, from the snow on their tops. 327. When this diphthong is in a final unaccented syl- lable, it has always the second sound, like long o, in bor- row, sorrow, fellow, willow, &c. The vulgar shorten this sound, and pronounce the o obscurely, and sometimes as if followed by r, as winder and feller, for window and fel- low ; but this is almost too despicable for notice. Good speakers preserve the diphthong in this situation, and give it the full sound of open o, rhyming with no, so., &c. though it should seem in Ben Jonson's time, the o in this situation was almost suppressed. See his Grammar, p. 149. 328. This diphthong, in the word knowledge, has of late years undergone a considerable revolution. Some speakers who had the regularity of their language at heart, were grieved to see the compound depart so far from the sound of the simple, and with heroick fortitude have opposed the multitude by pronouncing the first syl- lable of this word as it is heard in the verb to know. The Pulpit and the Bar have for some years given a sanction to this pronunciation ; but the Senate and the Stage hold out inflexibly against it ; and the nation at large seem in- sensible of the improvement. They still continue to pro- nounce, as in the old ludicrous rhymes 11 Among the mighty men of knowledge That are professors at Gresham College." Eut if ever this word should have the good fortune to be re- stored to its rights, it would be but charity to endeavour the restoration of a great number of words in a similar situation, such as breakfast, vineyard, bewilder, meadow, hearken, pleasure, whitster, shepherd, windward, and a long catalogue of fellow sufferers, (515.) But, before we endeavour this restoration, we should consider, that con- tracting the sound of the simple, when it acquires an ad- ditional syllable, is an idiom of pronunciation to which our language is extremely prone ; nor is it certain that crossing this tendency would produce any real advantage ; at least, not sufficient to counterbalance the diversity of pronunciation which must for a long time prevail, and which must necessarily call off our attention from things to words. See Enclitical Termination. No. 514. OY. 329. This diphthong is but another form for oi, and is pronounced exactly like it. When alloy is written with this diphthong it ought never to be pronounced allay. Custom seems to have appropriated the former word to the noun, and the latter to the verb: for the sake of con- sistency, it were to be wished it were always written allay ; but it is not to be expected that poets will give up so good a rhyme to joy, cloy, and destroy. 330. The only word in which this diphthong is not un- der the accent, is the proper name Savoy ,• for savoy, a plant, has the accent on the second syllable; but the diphthong in both is pronounced in the same manner. DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF UA, UE, UI, UO, UY, UOY, AND OF B AND C. UA. UO. a 331. When the a in this diphthong is pronounced, the u has the power of ir, which unites both into one syllable: thus antiquate, antiquary, assuage, persuade, equal, lan- guage, &.c. are pronounced antikwate, antikwary, as- swagc, etc. 332. The u in this diphthong is silent, in guard, guar- dian, guarantee, and piquant ; pronounced gard, gardian, garaihee, and pickant. (92.) ° 333. In Mantua, the town of Italy, both vowels are heard distinctly. The same may be observed of the habit so called : hut in mantuamaker vulgarity has sunk the a, and made it mantumakcr. The same vulgarity at first, but now sanctioned by universal custom, has sunk both letters in victuals, and its compounds victualling, and vic- tualler, pronounced, vittles, vittling, and vittler. See .Mantua. 344. The u in this diphthong is pronounced like w in quote, quota, quotation, quotient, quotidian, quorum, quon- dam, siliquose, quoth, as if written kwote, kicota, kwota- tion, Slc. Coif and coit, commonly pronounced kicoif and kwoit, do not come under this class. See the words. UY. 345. This diphthong, with the accent on it, sinks then, and pronounces the y like long i .• thus buy, the only word where uy has the accent, rhymes with dry, fly, &c. When the accent is not on this diphthong it is sounded like long e, as plaguy, roguy, gluy, pronounced pla-gee, rogee, (with the g hard, as in get.) glu-ee. The same may be observed of obloquy, ambiloquy,pauciloquy, soliloquy, ven- triloquy, alloquy, colloquy, pronounced oblo-quee, ambilo- quee, &,c. UOY. 346. This diphthong is found only m the word buoy, pronounced as if written bwoy, but too often exactly like boy. But this ought to be avoided by correct speakers OF THE CONSONANTS. B. 347. When b follows m in the same syllable it is general- ly silent, as in lamb, kemb, limb, comb, dumb, jamb, . It is not however my intention to cross the general current of polite and classical pronunciation, which I know is that of sounding the c like k ; my objection is only to writing it with the k ; and in this I think I am supported by the best authorities since the publication of Johnson's Dictionary. 351. Cjs mute in Czar, Czarina, victuals, indict, arbus- cle, corpuscle, and muscle : it sounds like tch in the Ita- lian words vermicelli, and violoncello; and like z in suffice, sacrifice, sice, (the number six at dice,) and discern. 352. This letter, when connected with h, has two sounds ; the one like tch in child, chair, rich, which, &lc. pronounc- ed as if written tchild,tchair, ritch, ichitch,&.c; the other like sh, after I or n, as in belch, bench, filch, &.c. pro- nounced belsh, bensh.filsh, &c. This latter sound is ge- nerally given to words from the French, as chaise, cha- grin, chamade, champagne, champignon, chandelier chaperon, charlatan, chevalier, chevron, chicane, capu- chin, cartouch, machine, machinist, chancre, marchioness. 353. Ch in words from the learned languages, are ge- nerally pronounced like k, as chalcography, chalybeate, chamaleon, chamomile, chaos, character, chart, chasm, chely, chemist, (if derived from the Arabick, and chy- mist, if from the Greek.) chersonese, chimera, chirc- graphy, chiromancy, chlorosis, choler, chorus, chore, chorography, chyle and its compounds ; anchor, anchoret. I cachexy, catechism, catechise, catechetical, catechumen, echo, echinus, epoch, epocha, ichor, machination, machi- nal, mechanick, mechanical, orchestra, orchestre, techni- cal, anarch, anarchy, conch, cochleary, distich, hemistich, monostich, eunuch, monarch, monai chical, iierarch, he- resiarch, pentateuch, stomach, stomachick, scheme, school, scholar, schesis, mastich, seneschal, and in all woiAj DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS C, D. 30 where it is followed by r, as Christ, Christian, chrono- logy, chronicle, &c. To these may be added the Celtick word loch (a lake.) The exceptions are charity, archer, and archery. 354. When arch, signifying chief, begins a word from the Greek language, and is followed by a vowel, it is al- ways pronounced ark, as in archangel, archipelago, ar- chitect, archives, archetype, archaism, archiepiscopal, archidiaconal, architrave, archaiology. But when we prefix arch to a word of our own, and this word begins with a consonant, we pronounce it so as to rhyme with march, as archduke, archdeacon, archbishop ; and some- times, when the following word begins with a vowel, if it is a composition of our own, and the word does not come to us compounded from the Greek or Latin, as arch- enemy. 355. The word ache, (a pain,) pronounced ake, comes from the Greek, and was by Shakspeare extended to two syllables, aches with ch, as in watches ; but this is ob- solete. It is now almost universally written ake and akes, except where it is compounded with another word, as head-ach, heart-ach, &c. and by thus absurdly re- taining the ch in the compound we are puzzled how to form the plural, without pronouncing aches in two sylla- bles. 355. In choir and chorister the ch is almost universal- ly pronounced like qu (300 :) in ostrich, like dge, as if spelled ostridge. It is silent in schedule, schism, and yacht ; pronounced seddule, siim, and yoL It is sunk in drachm, but heard in drachma ; pronounced dram and drachma. 357. When c comes after the accent, either primary or secondary, and is followed by ea, ia, io, or eous, it takes the sound of sh .• thus ocean, social, Phocion, sa- ponaceous, fasciation, negociation, are pronounced as if written oshean, soshial, Phoshion, saponasheous, &c. (196.) Financier has the accent after the c, which on that account does not go into sh. a 358. In order to have a just idea of the alterations of sound this letter undergoes, it will be necessary to con- sider its near relation to T. (41.) These consonants, like p, and b, /, and v, k, and harder, and 5, and z, are letters of the same organ; they differ by the nicest shades of sound, and are easily convertible into each other : i, p, /, k, and s, may, for the sake of distinc- tion, be cabled sharp, and d, b, v, g, and z, may be called flat. For this reason, when a singular ends in a sharp consonant, the 5, which forms the plural, pre- serves its sharp sound, as in cuffs, packs, lips, hats, deaths ; and when the singular ends with a flat conso- nant, the plural s has the sound of z. as drabs, bags, beads, lives, Sec. pronounced drabi, bagz, &c. 359. In the same manner when a verb ends with a sharp consonant, the d, in the termination ed, as- sumed by the preterit and participle, becomes sharp, and is sounded like t .• thus stuffed, tripped, cracked, passed, vouched, faced, where the e is suppressed, as it always ought to be, (except when we are pro- nouncing the language of Scripture.) (104) change the d into t, as if written stuft, tript, crackt, past.voucht, faste. So when the verb ends in a flat consonant, the d preserves its true flat sound, as drubbed, pegged, lived, buzzed, where the c is suppressed, and 3 the words pronounced in one syllable, as if written drubbed, pegged, liv'd, buzzed. It may be observed too, that when the verb ends in a liquid, or a liquid and mute e, the participle d always preserves its pure sound ; as blamed, joined, filled, barred, pronounced blanCd, joiii'd, fiWd, barred. This contraction of the participial ed, and the verbal en (103,) is so fixed an idiom of our pronunciation, that to alter it, would be to alter the sound of the whole language. It must, however, be regretted, that it subjects our tongue to some of the most hissing, snapping, clashing, grind- ing sounds that ever grated the ears of a Vandal: thus rasped, scratched, wrenched, bridled, fangled, birchen, hardened, strengthened, quickened. &c. almost frighten us when written as they are actually pro- nounced, as raspt, scratcht, vrrencht, bridVd, fangVd, birch'' n, strength" 1 n'd, quick? n'd, Sec. : they become still more formidable when used contractedly in the solemn style, which never ought to be the case ; for here, in- stead of thou strengthen? st or strength" 1 n'd'st, thou quick'n'si or quick'n'd'st, we ought to pronounce, thou strength' nest or strength? nedst, thou quick'nest or quick? nedst, which are sufficiently harsh of all con- science. (See No. 405.) But to compensate for these Gothiok sounds, which, however, are not without their use, our language is full of the smoothest and most sonorous terminations of the Greeks and Romans. 360. By the foregoing rule of contraction; arising from \Y n very nature of the letters, we see the absurdity of substituting the t for ed, when the verb ends in a sharp consonant ; for, when the pronunciation cannot be mistaken it is folly to alter the orthography ; thus the Distressed Mother, the title of a tragedy, needs not to be written Distrest Mother, as we generally find it, because, though we write it in the former manner, it must necessarily be pronounced in the latter. 361. By this rule, too, we may see the impropriety of writing blest for blessed, when a participle. " Blest in thy genius, in thy love too blest."— Pope. But when the word blessed is an adjective, it ought always to be pronounced, even in the most familiar conversation, in two syllables, as this is a blessed day, the blessed thistle, &c. 362. This word, with learned, cursed, and winged, are the only participial adjectives which are constantly pro- nounced in two syllables, where the participles are pro- nounced in one: thus a learned man, a cursed thing, a winged horse, preserve the ed in a distinct syllable ; while the same words, when verbs, as he learned to write, he cursed the day, they winged their flight, are heard in one syllable, as if written learnd, curst, and wingd : the d in cursed changing to t, from its following the sharp consonant 5. (358.) 363. Poetry, however, (which has been one great cause of improper orthography,) assumes the privilege of using these words, when adjectives, either as mono- syllables or dissyllables ; but correct prose rigidly ex- acts the pronunciation of ed in these words, when adjectives, as a distinct syllable. The ed in aged and wiiiged, always make a distinct syllable, as an aged man ; the winged courser i but when this word is compounded with another, the ed does not form a syllable, as a full-ag?d horse, a sheath-win g'd fowl. 364. It is, perhaps, worthy of notice, that when ad- jectives are changed into adverbs by the addition of the termination ly, we often find the participial ter- mination ed preserved long and distinct, even in those very words where it was contracted when used ad- jectively : thus though we always hear confessed, pro- fess' d, design'd, &.c. we as constantly hear con-fess- ed-ly, pro-fess-ed-ly, de-sign-ed-ly, &ec. The same may be observed of the following list of words, which by the assistance of the Rhyming Dictionary, I am en- abled to give as, perhaps, the only words in the lan- guage in which the ed is pronounced as a distinct syllable in the adverb, where it is contracted in the participial adjective: Forcedly, enforcedly, unveiled- ly, deformedly, feignedly, unfeigncdly, discernedly, resignedly, refinedly, rcstrainedly, concernedly, un- concernedly, discernedly, undiscernedly, preparedly, assuredly, advisedly, dispersedly, diffusedly, confused- ly, unperceivedly, resolvedly, deservedly, undeservedly, reservedly, unreservedly, avowedly, perplexedly, fix- edly, amazcdly. 365. To this catalogue, may be added several ab- stract substantives formed from participles in ed .- which ed makes a distinct syllable in the former, though not in the latter, thus : numbedness, bleared- ness, preparedness, assuredness, diseasedness, adriscd- ncss, reposedness, composcdness, indisposedness, diff'us- edness, confusedness, distressed ness, resolvedness, re- scrvedness, perplexedness, fixedness, amazedness, have ed pronounced distinctly. 3j6. The adjectives naked, wicked, picked, (pointed.) hooked, crooked, forked, tusked, tressed, and wretched, are not derived from verbs, and are therefore pro- nounced in two syllables. The same may be observ- ed of scabbed, crabbed, chubbed, stubbed, shagged, snag- ged, ragged, cragged, scrubbed, dogged, rugged, scrag- ged, hawked, jagged : to which we' may add the so- lemn pronunciation of stiffnecked ; and these, when formed into nouns by the addition of ness, preserve the ed in a distinct syllable, as tcickedness, scabbed- ness, raggedness, &.c. 367. Passed, in the sense of beyond, becomes a pre- position, and may allowably be written past, as past twelve o'clock .- tut when an adjective, though it is pronounced in one syllable, it ought to be written Avith two, as passed pleasures are present pain : this I know is contrary to usage ; but usage is, in this case, contrary to good sense, and the settled analogy of the language. 368. It needs scarcely be observed, that when the verb ends in t or d, the ed in the past time and participle has the d pronounced with its own sound, and always forms an additional syllable, a* landed, matted, &c. otherwise the final d could not be pro- nounced at all. 369. And here perhaps it may not be useless to take notice of the very imperfect and confused idea that is given in Lowth's grammar, of what are call- DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS F AND 6?. S\ ed contracted verbs, such as snatcht, checkt, snapt, mizt. dwelt, and past, for snatched, checked, snapped, mixed, dwelled, and passed. To these are added, those that end in l,m, and n, or p, after a diphthong ; which either shorten the diphthong, or change it into a single vowel ; and in- stead of ed, take t only for the preterit, as dealt, dreamt, meant, felt, slept, crept ; and these are said to be consi- dered not as irregular, but contracted only. Now, nothing cau be clearer, than that verbs of a very different kind are here huddled together as of the same. Snatched, checked, snapped, mixed, and passed, are not irregular at all ; if they are ever written snatcht, checkt, snapt, mizt, and past, it is from pure ignorance of analogy, and not considering that if they were written with ed, unless we were to pronounce it as a distinct syllable, contrary to the most settled usage of the language, the pronuncia- tion, from the very nature of the letters, must be the same. It is very different with dwelled ; here, as a li- quid, and not a'sharp mute, ends the verb, d might be pronounced without going into t, just as well as in felVd, the participle of to fell (to cut down trees.) Here then we find custom has determined an irregularity, which cannot be altered, without violence to the language; dwell may be truly called an irregular verb, and dwelt the preterit and participle. 370. The same may be observed of deal, dream, mean, feel, weep, sleep, and creep. It is certain we can pro- nounce d after the four first of these words, as well as in sealed, screamed, cleaned, and reeled ; but custom ha9 not only annexed t to the preterit of these verbs, but has changed the long diphthongal sound into a short one ; they are therefore doubly irregular. Weep, sleep, and creep, would not have required t to form their preterits, any more than peeped, and steeped ; but custom, which has shortened the diphthong in the former words, very naturally annexed t as the simplest method of conveying the sound. 371. The only two words which occasion some doubt about classing them are, to learn and to spell. The vulgar (who are no contemptible guides on this occasion) pronounce them in the preterit learnt and spelt ; but as nand I will readily admit of d after them, it seems more correct to favour a tendency to regularity, both in writing and speaking, which the literary world has given into, by spelling them learned and spelled, and pronouncing them learned, and spelVd : thus earned, the preterit of to earn, has been recovered from the vulgar earnt, and made a perfect rhyme to discerned. 372. To these observations may be added, that, in such irregular verbs as have the present, the preterit, and par- ticiple the same, as cast, cost, cut, &c. the second person singular of the preterit of these verbs takes ed before the est, as / east, or did cast ; Thou castedst, or didst cast, &.c. for if this were not the case, the second person of the preterit might be mistaken for the second person of the present tense. 373. I have been led insensibly to these observations by their connexion with pronunciation ; and if the reader should think them too remote from the subject, I must beg his pardon, and resume my remarks on the sound of the letter d. 374. The vulgar drop this letter in ordinary, and ex- traordinary, and make them or* nary and eztr^or'nary ; but this is a gross abbreviation ; the best pronunciation is sufficiently short, which is ordinary, and extraordinary : the first in three and the last in four syllables ; but so- lemn speaking preserves the i, and makes the latter word consist of five syllables, as if written eztr' ordinary. 375. Our ancestors, feeling the necessity of showing the quantity of a vowel followed by ge, when it was to be short, inserted d, as wedge, ridge, badge. &c. The same reason induced them to write colledge, and alledge. with the d ; but modern reformers, to the great injury of the language, have expelled the d, and left the vowel to shift for itself; because there is no d in the Latin words from which these are derived. 376. D, like t,to which it is so nearly related, when it comes after the accent, either primary or secondary, (522,) and is followed by the diphthong ie, to, ia, or eou, slides into gzh, or the consonant j ; thus soldier is universally and justly pronounced as if written sol-jer ,• grandeur, gran-jcur ; and verdure, (where it must be remembered that u is a diphthong,) ver-jure -. and, for the same reason, education is elegantly pronounced ed-jucation. But duke and reduce, pronounced juke and re-juce, where the ac- cent is after the d, cannot be too much reprobated. 377. F has its pure sound in often, off, &c. but, in the preposition of, slides into its near relation v, as if written ov. But when this preposition is in composition at the end of a word, the / becomes pure ; thus, though we sound of singly o»,we pronounce it as if the/ were dou- ble in whereof. 378. There is a strong tendency to change the /into v in some words, which confounds the plural number and the genitive case : thus we often hear of a wive's join- ture, a calve's head, and home rent, for wife's jointure, a calf's head, and house rent. 379. O, like C, has two sounds, a hard and a soft one : it is hard before a, o,u, I, and r, as game, gone, gull, glo- ry, grandeur. Gael 19 the only exception , now more commonly written jail. (212.) 380. G before c and i is sometimes hard and sometimes soft : it is generally soft before words of Greek, Latin, or French original, and hard before words from the Saxon. These latter, forming by far the smaller number, may be considered as exceptions. 381. G is hard before e, in gear, geek, geese, geld, gelt, gelding, get, gew-gaw, shagged, snagged, rag- ged, cragged, scragged, dogged, rugged, dagger, swag- ger, stagger, trigger, dogger, pettifogger, tiger, au- ger, eager, meager, anger, finger, linger, conger, longer, stronger, younger, longest, strongest, youngest. The last six of these words are generally pronounced in Ireland, so as to let the g remain in its nasal sound without articulating the succeeding vowel : thus longer (more long) is so pronounced as to sound exactly like the noun a long-er (one who longs or wishes for a thing ); the same may be observed of the rest. That the pronunciation of Ireland is analogical, appears from the same pronunciation of g in string-y, spring-y, full of strings and springs ; and wronger and wrongest, for more and most wrong. But though resting the g in the nasal sound, without articulating the succeeding vowel, ia absolutely necessary in verbal nouns derived from verbs ending in ing, as singer, bringer, slinger, &c. pronounced sing-er, bring-er, sling-er, &.c. and not sing-ger, bring- ger, sling-ger, &c. yet in longer, stronger, and younger, longest, strongest, and youngest, the g ought always to articulate the e : thus younger ought always to rhyme with the termination monger, which has always the g hard, and articulating the vowel ; and this pronunciation is approved by Mr. Nares. Forget, target, and together, fall into this class. See No. 409. 382. G is hard before i in gibbe, gibcat, gibber, gib- berish, gibbous, giddy, gift, gig, giggle, giglet, (pro- perly gigglet,) gild, gill, (of a fish) gimlet, gimp, gira\ girdle, girl, girth, gizzard, begin, give, forgive, big- gin, piggin, noggin .- also derivatives from nouns or verbs ending in hard g, as druggist, waggish, riggish, hugcrish, doggish, sluggish, rigging, digging, &c. 3§3. G belbre y is generally soft, as in elegy, apology, &.c. and almost in all words from the learned languages; but hard in words from the Saxon, which are formed from nouns or verbs ending in g hard, as shaggy, jaggy, knaggy, snaggy, craggy, scraggy, Quaggy, swaggy, dreggy, spriggy, twiggy, boggy, foggy, cloggy, buggi/ y muggy. Gyve, from its Celtick original, ought to have the ' g hard, but has decidedly adopted the soft g. GNin the same Syllable at tlie Beginning ofaWord. 384. The g in this situation is always silent, as gna-ar^ gnash, gnat, gnarl, gnomon, gnomonicks, pronounced naw, nash, nat, narl, nomon, nomonicks. GNin the same Syllable at tlie End of a Word. 385. No combination of letters has more puzzled the criticks than this. Two actresses of distinguished merit in Portia in the Merchant of Venice pronounced the word impugn differently, and each found her advocate ia the newspapers. One critick affirmed, that Miss Young, by preserving the sound of g, pronounced the word pro- perly; and the olher contended that Mrs. Yates was more judicious in leaving it out. The former was charged with harshness ; the latter with mutilating the word, and weakening its sound ; but if analogy may decide, it is clearly in favour of the latter ; for there is no axiom in our pronunciation more indisputable than that which makes g silent before n in the same syl- lable. This is constantly the case in sign, and all "its compounds, as resign, design, consign, assign ; and in indign, condign, malign, benign ; all pronounced as if written sine, rezine, &c. In which words we find the vowel i long and open, to compensate, as it were, for the suppression of g, as every other word ending in gn, when the accent is on the syllable, has a diphthong pronounced like a long open vowel, as arraign, campaign, feign, reign, deign ; and consequently, unless the vowel a can produce some special privilege which the other vowels have not, we must, if we pronounce according to analo- gy, make the u in this situation long, and sound impugn as if written impune, 32 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS G, GM, GH, &c. 386. The same analogy will oblige us to pronounce impregn, oppugn, expugn, propugn, as if written im- prene, oppune, cxpune, propune, not only wben these verbs are in the infinitive mood, but in the preterits, participles, and verbal nouns formed from them, as impugned, impugning, and impugner, must be pro- nounced impuncd, impuning, and impuner. The same may be observed of the rest. Perhaps it will gratify a curious observer of pronunciation to see the diversity and uncertainty of our orthoepists in their notation of the words before ns. impune. Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Murray. Barclay says the g in this word and its deriva- tives is mute, but takes no notice of the quantity of the u. impiin. Buchanan, Kenrick, Perry. impung. W. Johnston. oppune. Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Murray. oppun. Kenrick, Perry, Barclay. oppung. W. Johnston. propune. Sheridan, Scott, Perry, Nares. propung. Barclay. imprene. Nares, Murray. impren. Sheridan, Kenrick, Perry. Barclay says the g is mute, but says nothing of the quan- tity of the e. expune. Sheridan, Scott, Nares. expiin. Perry, Barclay. impuner. Sheridan. impvned. Murray. impunner. Perry, Barclay. opp&gner. Sheridan. propugner. Sheridan. propuner. Scott. prcpunner. Perry. Nothing is clearer than that all these words ought to follow the same fortune, and should be pronounced alike. How then shall be reconciled Mr. Sheridan's pronouncing impugn, oppugn, expugn, and propugn, with the u long, and impregn with the e short >. Ken- rick, who has not the word propugn, is consistent in pronouncing the rest with the vowel short. The same may be observed of Scott, who adopts the long sound, but has not the word impregn. Mr. Perry gives the short sound to all but propugn, where he makes the u long, but absurdly makes the verbal noun propunner ; and W. Johnston, who has only impugn and oppugn, pronounces the vowel short, and spells them impung and oppung. Barclay, under the word impugn, says the g in this word and its derivatives is mute, without noticing the quantity of the vowels, but spells op- pugn, oppun ; and of impregn, only says the g is mute ; but writes propugn, propung, in the manner that. W. Johnston does impugn and oppugn .- but Mr. Nares observes, that analogy seems to require a similar pronunciation in all these words, and that the vowel should be long. The same inconsistency is observable in Mr. Sheridan's pronunciation of the verbal nouns ; for he expunges the g in impugner, and writes it impuner, but preserves it in oppugner and propugner. Mr. Scott has only the word propugner, which he very properly, as well as consistently, spells propuner. Mr. Perry has propunner and impunner, and Barclay im- punner only. — The inconsistency here remarked arises from not attending to the analogy of pronunciation, which requires every verbal noun to be pronounced exactly like the verb, with the mere addition of the termination: thus singer is only adding er to the verb sing, without suffering the g to articulate the e as it does in finger and linger, <&c. Th« same may be observed of a signer, one who signs : and as a corroboration of this doctrine, we may take notice that the additional er and est, in the comparatives and superlatives of adjectives, make no alteration in the sound of the radical word : this is obvious in the words benigner, benignest, &c. except younger, longer, and stronger. See No. 381. 337. But in every other compound where these let- ters occur, the n articulates the latter syllable, and g is heard distinctly in the former, as sig-nify, malig- nity, assig-nation, &c. Some affected speakers, either ignorant of the rules for pronouncing English, or over-complaisant to the French, pronounce physiogno- my, cognizance, and recognizance, without the g ,• but this is a gross violation of the first principles of spelling. The only words to keep these speakers in countenance are poignant, and champignon, not long ago imported from France, and pronounced poin- ianl, ehampinion. The first of these words will be probably hereafter written without the g ; while the latter, confined to the kitchen, may be looked upon as technical, and allowed an exclusive privilege. See Cognizance. 388. Bagnio, seignior, seraglio, intaglio, and oglio, pronounced ban-yo, seen-yur, seral-yo, intal-yo, and ole-yo, may be considered as foreign coxcombs, ( and treated with civility, by omitting the g, while thir» do not pervert the pronunciation of our native En glish words. GM in the same Syllable. 389. What has been said of gn is applicable to gm. We have but one word in the language where these letters end a word with the accent on it, and that is phlegm ; in this the g is always mute, and the c, according to analogy, ought to be pronounced Jong, as if the word were written Jlemc ; but a short pro- nunciation of the e has generally obtained, and wo commonly hear it ficm ; it is highly probable Pope pronounced it properly, where he says, "Our criticks take a contrary extreme ; They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm.'" Essay on Criticism. Perhaps it would not be difficult to reduce this word to analogy, as some speakers still pronounce the e long: but in the compounds of this word, as in those where gn occur, the vowel is shortened, and the g pronounced, as in phleg-mon, phleg-monous, phlcg- matick, and phleg-magogues ; though Mr. Sheridan, for no reason I can conceive, sinks the g in the last word. When these letters end a syllable not under the accent, the g is silent, but the preceding vowel is shortened : thus paradigm, parapegm, diaphragm apophthegm., are pronounced paradim, parapem, dia phram, apothem. GH. 390. This combination, at the beginning of a word, drops the h, as in ghost, ghastly, aghast, gherkin, pronounced gost, rhyming with most,~ gastly, agast, guerkin ; but. when these letters come at the end of a word, they form some of the greatest anomalies in our language ; gh, at the end of words, is generally silent, and consequently the preceding vowel or diph- thong is long, as high, nigh, thigh, neigh, weigh, in- veigh, cugh, (the obsolete way of spelling yew, a tree,) bough, dough, though, although, dough, (a cliff,) plough, furlough, slough, (a. miry place,) through, throughout, thorough, borough, usquebaugh, pugh ! 391. Oh is frequently pronounced like /, as laugh, laughter, cough, chough, dough, (an allowance in Weight,) slotigh, (the cast skin of a snake or. sore,) enough, rough, tough, trough. 392. Oh is sometimes changed into ck, as hough, shough, lough, pronounced hock, shock, lock ; some times we near only the g sounded, as in burgh, burgher, and burghership. GHT. 393. Oh in this termination is always silent, as fight, night, bought, fought, &c. The only exception is draught ; which, in poetry, is most frequently rhymed with caught, taught, &c. ; out in prose, is so universally pronounced as if written draft, that the poetical sound of it grows uncouth, and is becom- ing obsolete. Draughts, the game, is also pronounced drafts. Drought, (dryness) is vulgarly pronounced drowth : it is even written so by Milton ; but in this he is not to be imitated, having mistaken the analogy of this word, as well as that of height, which he spells highth, and which is frequently so pronounced by the vulgar. See the words Height and Drought H. 394. This letter is no more than breathing forcibly before the succeeding vowel is pronounced. At the beginning of words, it is always sounded, except in heir, heiress, honest, honesty, honour, honourable, herb, herbage, hospital, hostler, hour, humble, humour, hu- morous, humorsome. Ben Jonson leaves out the h in host, and classes it in this respect with honest. 395. II is always silent after r, as rhctorick, rhap- sody, rheum, rheumatism, rhinoceros, rhomb, rhubarb, myrrh, catarrh, and their compounds. 396". II final, preceded by a vowel, is always silent, as ah ! hah 1 oh ! fogh 1 sirrah, hallelujah, Messiah. 397. This letter is often sunk after w, particularly in the capital, where we do not find the least dis- tinction of sound between while and wile, whet and wet, where and wear. Trifling as this difference may appear at first sight, it tends greatly to weaken and impoverish the pronunciation, as well as sometimes to confound words of a very different meaning. The Saxons as Dr. Lowth observes, placed the A before DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS J, K, L, M, AND N. 33 the 10, as hwat ; and this is certainly its true place ; for in the pronunciation of all words beginning with wh, we ought to lireuthe forcibly before we pronounce the ir, as if the words were written hoo-at, hoo-ile, &.c. and then we shall avoid that feeble, cockney pronunciation which is so disagreeable to a correct ear. 39tf J is pronounced exactly like soft g, and is per- fectly uniform in its sound, except in the word halle- lujah, where it is pronounced like y. K. 399. K has exactly the sound of hard c .• it is always silent before n in the same syllable, as knee, kneel, knack, knight, know, knuckle, knab, knag, knap, knare. knare, knit, knock, knot, knoll. 400. It has been a custom within these twenty years to omit the k at the end of words when preceded by c. This has introduced a novelty into the language, which is that of ending a word with an unusual let- ter, and is not only a blemish in the face of it, but j may possibly produce some irregularity in future for- matives; for mimicking must be written with the k, though to mimic is without it. If we use colic as a verb, which is not uncommon, we must write colick- ing and colicked ■ and though physicking and phy- sicked, are. not the most elegant words, they are not quite out of the line of formation. This omission of k is, however, too general to be counteracted, even by the authority ol Johnson : but it is to be hoped it will be confined to words from the learned languages: and indeed, as there is not the same vanity of ap- pearing learned in the Saxon as in the Latin and Greek, there is no great fear that thick and stick will lose their k, though they never had it in the original. 401. Ben Jonson says L melteth in the sounding, and is therefore called a liquid. This, however, can- not be the reason that r is called a liquid : for no two letters can, in this respect, he more opposite. See No. 21. L is mute in almond? calf, half, calve, halve, chal- dron, falcon, folk, yolk, (better written yelk with the I sounded,) fusil, halser, malmsey, salmon, salve, tal- bot (a species of dog ) See Salve. 402. L is mute also between a and k in the same syllable, as balk, chalk, talk, stalk, walk. 403. L is silent likewise between a and m in the same syllable, as alms, balm, calm, palm, psalm, qualm, shalm ; but when the m is detached from the I by commencing another syllable, the I becomes audible. Thus, though the I is mute in psalm, palm, it is always heard in psal-mist, psal-mody, and pal-mistry ; but in balmy and palmy, where the y is an adjective termination of our own, no alteration is made in the sound of the substantive which sinks the I (38C.) Calmer and calmest ought to have the I mute, as they are only degrees of comparison ; and palmer, and palmerworm\exceY>t in the language of Scripture, where the I in palmerworm ought to be heard.) are only a sort of verbal nouns, which never alter the sound of the original word, and therefore ought to have the I mute. But though I is sometimes mute in the noun salve, and in the verb to salve, it is always heard in salver (a kind of plate.) See Salve. 404. L ought always to be suppressed in the auxi- liary verbs would, could, should : it is sometimes sup- pressed in fault ; but this suppression is become vul- gar, (see the word.) In soldier, likewise, the I is sometimes suppressed, and the word pronounced so-jer ; but this is far from being the most correct pronun- ciation : I ought always to be heard in this word, and its compounds soldierly, soldiership, Sec. 405. L, preceded by a mute, and followed by e, in a final syllable, has an imperfect sound, which does not do much honour to our language. The /, in this situation, is neither sounded like el nor le, but t le e final is suppressed, and the preceding mute articulates the I, without either a preceding or a succeeding vow- el ; so that this sound may be called a monster in Gram- mar— a syllable without a vowel ! This will easily be perceived in the words able, table, circle, &c. which are pronounced as if written abl, tabl, circl, &c. and in those still more Gothick and uncouth abbreviated par- ticipial terminations, peopled, bridled, saddled, trifles, gaffles, &c. pronounced pee-pPd, bri-dVd, sad-dPd, tri- f--> gaf-fii, &c. (359) (472.) 5 406. This letter has not only, like / and s, the pri- vilege of doubling itself at the end of a word, but it has an exclusive privilege of being double where they remain single: though by what right cannot well bo conceived. Thus, according to the general rule, when a verb ends in a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, and the accent is on the last syllable, the consonant is doubled when a participial termina- tion is added, as abet, abetting, beg, begging, begin, beginning, &.c. but when the accent is not on the last syllable of the verb, the consonant remains sin- gle, as suffered, suffering, benefiting, &c. but the I is doubled, whether the accent be on the last syllablo or not, as duelling, levelling, victualling, travelling, traveller, &e. Tins gross irregularity, however, would not have been taken notice of in this place, if it had not suggested an absurdity in pronunciation, occasion- ed by the omission of l. Though the latter I is use- less in traveller, victualler, &.c. it is not so in con- troller : for as 11 is a mark of the deep broad sound of a in ball, tall, all, &c. (84;) so the same letters are the sign of the long open sound of o in boll (a round stalk of a plant,) to joll, noil, (the head,) knoll, (a little hill,) poll, clodpoll, roll, scroll, droll, troll stroll, toll : for which reason, leaving out one I in be- thral, catcal, miscal, overfal, forestal, reinstal, down- fal, withal, control, and unrol, as we find them in Johnson's Dictionary, is an omission of the utmost importance to the sound of the words ; for as the pronunciation sometimes alters the spelling, so the spelling sometimes alters the pronunciation.* Accord- ingly we find some speakers, chiefly the natives of Ireland, inclined to give the a its middle sound, to words commencing with al, followed by another con- sonant, because they do not see the 11 in the all with which these words are compounded : thus we some- times hear Almighty, albeit, so pronounced as to make their first syllable rhyme with the first ofal-ley, val-ley ; and extol is pronounced by the Scotch so as to rhymo with coal ; and with just asf much reason as we pronounce control in the same manner. For though compounds may, in some cases, be allowed to drop such letters of their simples, as either are not neces- sary to the sound, as in Christmas ; or might possi- bly lead to a wrong one, as in Reconcilable (which see ;) yet where, by omitting a letter, the sound may be altered, the omission is pernicious and absurd. (84.) The same observations might be extended to the nu- merous termination full, where, in compounds, one I is omitted, though nothing can be more certain, than that ful, with a single I, has not the same sound as when this, letter is doubled ; for who could suppose, without being used to the absurdity, that fulfil should stand for fullfi.il 1 but this abbreviation is too inve- terate and extensive to aft'ord any hope, that tho great arbiters of orthography, the printers, will ever submit to the additional trouble of putting another I M. 407. M preserves it3 sound in every word, except comptroller ; compt and accompt are now universally written as they are pronounced, count and account ; and though m and p are' preserved to the eye in tho officer called a comptroller, the word is pronounced exactly like the noun controller, one who controls. 408. JV has two sounds ; the one simple and pure, as in man, net, &c. ; the other compounded and mix- ed, as in hang, thank, &c. The latter sound is heard when it is followed by the sharp or flat guttural mutes g hard, or k ; "or its representatives c hard, qu or x ; but it may be observed, that so prone is our language to the flat mutes, that when n is fol- lowed by k, or its representatives, the flat mute g seems interposed between them: thu3 thank, banquet, anxious, are pronounced as if written, not than-k, ban-quet, an-xious, but thangk, bangquct, angkshus. But this coalition of the sound of n and g, or hard c, is only when the accent is on them ; for when the g or hard c articulates the accented syllable, the n becomes pure: thus, though congress and congregate are pronounced as if written cong-grcss, and cong- gregate, yet the first syllable of congratulate, and congressive, ought to be pronounced without the ring- ing sound «f 7i, and exactly like the same syllable in * This omission of the letter L, I see, has been rectified in the last quarto edition of Johnson's Dic- tionary ; and it would have been well if the Editors had acknowledged their obligations and extended thei emendations to the word codle, and several others. 24 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS P, PH, Q, AND R. contrary. The same difference may Ire observed in the words concourse and concur; the flist word, which has the accent on the first syllable, is pronounced as if written cong-course ■. and the last, which has the accent on the second syllable, with n pure. It must, however, be carefully observed, that the secondary ac- cent has the same power of melting the n into the succeeding hard g or c as the primary (522;) thus congregation and concremation have the first syllable pronounced as if written cong. 409. It may, perhaps, be "worthy of notice, that when n is followed by k, the k has 'a finished or com- plete sound, as in link, think, ice. ; but when n is followed by hard g, the g has an unfinished or imper- fect sound a9 in hang, bang, &c. where we may ob- serve the tongue to rest upon the palate in the sound of g ; but when this letter is carried off to articulate another syllable, its sound is completed, as in anger, and Bangor (the name of a town,) where the sound of g may be perceived to be very different from the noun hanger, (a sword,) and banger, (one who beats or bungs.) This perfect sound of g is heard in all sim- ples, as anger, angle, finger, linger, conger, anguish, languish, distinguish, extinguish, unguent: but in words derived from verbs or adjectives, ending in ng, the g continues imperfect, as it was in the theme. Thus a singer (one who sings) does not finish the g like finger, but is merely er added to sing : the same may be observed of sing-i7ig, bring-ing, and hang- ing. So adjectives formed by tiie addition of y have the imperfect sound of g, as in the original word ; thus springy, stringy, dungy, and wingy, are only the sound of e added to spring, string, dung, and wing ; but the comparative and superlative adjectives, longer, stronger, and younger ; longest, strongest, and young- est, have the g hard and perfectly sounded, as if written long-ger, strong-ger, young-ger, &c. where the g is hard, as in fin-ger, lin-ger,&.c. And it may he looked upon as a general rule, that nouns, adjectives or verbs, do not alteifttheir original sound upon taking an additional syllable. In these three words, there- fore, the Irish pronounce more agreeably to analogy than the English, for, if I mistake not, they do not ar- ticulate the g. (381.) 410. Hitherto we have considered these letters as they are heard under the accent ; but when they are unaccented in the participial termination ing, they are frequently a cause of embarrassment to speakers who desire to pronounce correctly. We are told, even by teachers of English, that ing, in the word singing, bringing, and swinging, must be pronounced with the ringing sound, which is heard when the accent is on these letters, in king, sing, and wing, and not as if written without the g, as singin, bringin, swing- in. No one can be a greater advocate than I am for the strictest adherence to orthography, as long as the publick pronunciation pays the least attention to it ; but when I find letters given up by the Publick, with respect to sound, I then consider them as ciphers : and, if my observation does not greatly fail me, I can assert, that our best speakers do not invariably pro- nounce the participial ing, so as to rhyme with sing, king, and ring. Indeed, a very obvious exception seems to offer itself in those verbs that end in these let- ters, as a repetition of the ringing sound in succes- sive syllables would produce a Tautophony, (see the word.) and have a very bad effect on the ear ; and therefore, instead of singing, bringing, and flinging, our best speakers are heard to pronounce sing-in, bring- in, and fling-in ; and for the very same reason that we exclude the ringing sound in these words, we ought to admit it when the verb ends with in; for if, instead of sinning, pinning, and beginning, we should pronounce sin-nin, pin-nin, and be^in-nin, we should fall into the same disgusting repetition as in the former case. The participial ing, therefore, ought always to have its ringing sound, except in those words formed from verbs in this termination ; for writing, reading, and speaking, are certainly prefera- ble to roritin, readin, and speakin, wherever the pro- nunciation has the least degree of precision or solem- nity. 411. JV" is mute when it ends a syllable, and is pre- ceded by I or m, as kiln, hymn, limn, solemn, column, autumn, condemn, contemn. In hym-ning, and lim- ning, the n is generally pronounced, and sometimes, in very solemn speaking, in condem-ning, and contem- ning ; but in both cases, contrary to analogy, which forbids any sound in the participle that was not in the verb. (381.) • graphy, psalter, psaltry ; the prefix pseudo signifying false, as pseudography , pseudology, and the interjec tion pshaw ! To these we may add. ptisan, ptyaluin, ptysmagogue. It is mute in the middle of words be- tween m and t, in empty, sempstress, peremptory, sumptuous, presumptuous, redemption, exemption, and raspberry. In cupboard it coalesces with and falls into its flat sound b, as if written cubboard. It is mute in a final syllable between the same letters, as tempt, attempt, contempt, exempt, prompt, accompt. In receipt it is mute between i and I, and in the mili- tary corps (a body of troops,) both p and s are mute, as custom has acquiesced in the French pronunciation of most military terms. PH. 413. Ph is generally pronounced like /, as in philo- sophy, phantom, &c. In nephew and Stephen, it has the sound of v. In diphthong and triphthong the sound of p only is heard ; and the h is mute like- wise in naphtha, ophthnlmick, • is prevented from going into aspiration, and is pronounced uiurious. (479) (480). 4.". Though the ss in passion, mission, &c. belong to separate syllables, as if spelt passion, mission, &c. yet the accent presses the first into the same aspira- tion as the last, and they are both pronounced with the sharp aspirated hiss, as if they were but one s. See Exaggerate. 458. S is silent in isle, island, aisle, demesne, puisne, viscount, and at the end of some words from the French, as pas, sous, vis-avis ; and in corps the two last .etters are silent, and the word pronounced core. (412.) 459. T is the sharp sound of D, (41) ; but though the latter is often changed into the former, the for- mer never goes into the latter. The sound to which this letter is extiemely prone is that of s. This sound of t has greatly multiplied the hissing in our own language, and has not a little promoted it in most modern tongues. That p and b, t and d, k and g hard, s and z, should slide into each other, is not surprising, as they are distinguished only by a nice shade of" sound ; but that t should alter "to s seems a most violent transition, till we consider the organick formation of these letters, and of those vowels which always occasion it. If we attend to the formation of t, we shall find that it is a stoppage of the breath by the application of the upper part of the tongue near the end, to the correspondent part of the palate, and that if we just detach the tongue from the pa- late, sufficiently to let the breath pass, a hiss is pro- duced which forms the letter s. Now the vowel that occasions this transition of t to * is the squeezed sound of e, as heard in y consonant, (8) : which squeez- ed sound is a species of hiss ; and this hiss, from the absence of accent, easily slides into s, and s as easily into sh : thus mechanically is generated that hissing termination tion, which forms but one sylla- ble, as if written shun. (195.) 460. But it must be carefully remarked, that this hissing sound, contracted by the t before certain diph- thongs, is never heard but after the accent: when the accent falls on the vowel immediately after the t, this letter, like s or c in the same situation, preserves its simple sound : thus the c in social goes into sh, because the accent is on the preceding vowel ; but it preserves the simple sound of s in society, because the accent is on the succeeding vowel. The same analogy is obvious in satiate and satiety ; and is perfectly agreeable to that difference made by accent in the sound of other letters. (71). See Satiety. 461. As the diphthongs ia, ie, io, or iu, when com- ing after the accent, have the power of drawing the t into sh. so the diphthongal vowel u, in the same situation, has a similar power. If we analyze the u, we shall find it commence with the squeezed sound of e, equivalent to the consonant y, (39). This letter produces the small hiss before taken notice of, (459), and which may be observed in the pronunciation of nature, and borders so closely on n a tshur, that it is no wonder Mr. Sheridan adopted this latter mode of spelling the word to express its sound. The only fault of Mr. Sheridan in depicting the sound of this word, seems to be that of making the u short, as in bur, cur, &c. as every correct ear must perceive an elegance in lengthening the sound of the u, and a vulgarity in shortening it. The true pronunciation seems to lie between both. 462. But Mr. SheridsrVs greatest fault seems to lie in not attending to the nature and influence of the accent : and because nature, creature, feature, fortune, 'misfortune, &c. have the t pronounced like ch, or tsh, as if written crea-chure, fea-tshure, &c. he has ex- tended this change of t into tch, or tsh to the word tune, and its compounds, tutor, tutoress, tutorage, tu- telage, tutelar, tutelary, &c. tumult, tumour, &c. which he spells tshoon, tshoon-eble, &c. tshoo-tur, tshoo-triss, tshoo-tur-idih, tshoo-tel-idih, tshoo-tel-er tshoo-tel-er-y, &c. tshoo-mult, tshoo-mur, &c. Though it is evident, from the foregoing observations, that as the u is un- der the accent, the preceding t is preserved pure, and that the words ought to be pronounced as if written teictor, tewmult, tewmour, &c. and neither tshontur, tshoomult, tshoomur, as Mr. Sheridan writes them, nor tootur, toomult, toomour, as they are often pronounced by vulgar speakers. See Superable. 463. Here, then, the line is drawn by analogy. When- ever t comes before these vowels, and the accent im- mediately follows it, the t preserves its simple sound, as in Miltiades, elephantiasis, satiety, &c. ; but when the accent precedes the t, it then goes into sh, tch, or tsh, as na-tshure or na-tchure, nashion, vir-tshue or vir-tchue, patient, &c. or nashion, pashent, &c. (464). In similar circumstances, the same may be observed of d, as arduous, hideous, &c. (293), (294), (376). Nor is this tendency of t before long u found only when the accent immediately precedes ; for we hear the same as- piration of this letter in spiritual, spirituous, signa- ture, ligature, forfeiture, as if written spiritshual, = spi- ritshuous, signatshure, ligatshure, forfeitshure, &c. where the accent is two syllables before these letters; and the only termination which seems to refuse this tendency of the t to aspiration is that in tude, as la- titude, longitude, multitude, &c. 464. This pronunciation of t extends to every word where the diphthong or diphthongal sound commences with i or e, except in the terminations of verbs and adjectives, which preserve the simple in the augment, without suffering the t to go into the hissing sound, as / pity, thou pitiest, he pities, or pitied, mightier, worthier, twentieth, thirtieth, &c. This is agreeable to the general rule, which forbids the adjectives or verbal terminations to alter the sound of the primi- tive verb or noun. See No. 381. But in the words bestial, celestial, frontier, admixtion, &c. where the s, z, or n precedes the t, this letter is pronounced like tch, or tsh, instead of sh, (291), as bes-tchial, c.eles-tchi- al, fron-tcheer, admix-tchion, Sec. ; as also when the t is followed by eou, whatever letter precede, as righte- ous, piteous, plenteous, &c. pronounced righ-tcheous, pit-cheous, plen-tcheous, &c. The same may be ob- served of t when succeeded by uou, as unctuous, pre- sumptuous, &c. pronounced ung-tchuous, presump-tchu- ous, &.c. See the words. TH. 465. This lisping sound, as it may be called, is al- most peculiar to the English. (41), (50), (469). The Greek © was certainly not the sound we give it: like its principal letter, it has a sharp and a flat sound ; but these are so little subject to rule, that a cata- logue will, perhaps, be the best guide. 466. 77i, at the beginning of words, is sharp, as in thank, think, &c. except in the following words : This, that, than, the, thee, their, them, then, thence, there, these, they, thine, thither, those, thou,' though, thus, thy, and their compounds. 467. Th, at the end of words, is sharp, . as death, breath, &c. except in beneath, booth, icith ; and the verbs to wreath, to loath, to v.ncloath, to seeth, to smooth, to sooth, to mouth .- all which ought to be written with the e final ; not only to distinguish some of them from the nouns, but "to show that th is soft ; for though th, when final, is sometimes pro- nounced soft, as in to loath, to mouth, &c. yet the at the end of words is never pronounced hard. " There is as obvious an analogy for this sound of the th in these verbs, as for the z sound of s in verbs ending in se (437) ; and why we should write some verbs with e, and others without it, is inconceivable. The best way to show the absurdity of our orthography in this particular, will be to draw out the noun's and verbs as they stand in Johnson's Dictionary. Adjectives and nouns. Verbs. breath, to breathe. wreath, to wreath, to inwreathe. loath, to loathe. cloth, to cloathe, to uncloath. bath, to bathe. smooth, to smooth. mouth, to mouth. swath, to swathe. sheath, ( to sheath. ( to sheathe. sooth, to sooth. Surely nothing can be more evident than the analo- 38 DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS T, V, W, X, Y, AND Z. gy of the language in this case. Is it not absurd to hesi- tate a moment at writing all the verbs with the e final .' This is a departure from our great lexicographer, which he himself would approve, as nothins but inadvertency could have led him into this unmeaning irregularity. — It may not be improper to observe here, that those sub- stantives which in the singular end with th sharp adopt the th flat in the plural, as path, paths ; bath, baths, &c. Such a propensity is there to slide into the flat sound of s, that we frequently hear this sound in the genitive case, as My wiv&s portion, for my wife's portion. In the same manner we hear of paying so much for home-rent and taxes, instead of house-rent and taxes ; and shopkeepers tell ts they have goods of all prizes, instead of all prices. Nay, some go so tar as to pronounce the plural of truth, 17-iitus ; but this must be carefully avoided. 468. Th is hard in the middle of words, either when it precedes or follows a consonant, as panther, nepenthe, orthodox, orthography, orthoepy, thwart, athwart, ethnick misanthrope, philanthropy, &c. except brethren, farthing, farther^ northern, worthy, burthen, murther, where the th is flat; but the two last words are better written bur- den and murder. 469. Th between two vowels is generally soft in words purely English, as father, feather, heathen, hither,thither, whither, whether, either, neither, weather, wether, wither, gather, together, pother, mother. 470. Th between two vowels, in words from the learn- ed languages, is generally hard, as apathy, sympathy, an- tipathy, Athens, atheist, authentick, author, authority, athirst, catharlick, cathedral, cathoiick, catheter, ether, ethicks, lethargy, Lethe, leviathan, litharge, lithotomy, ■mathesis, matheinaticks, method, pathetick, plethora, polymathy, prothonotary, anathema, amethyst, theatre, amphitheatre, apothecary, apotheosis. 471. Th is sometimes pronounced like simple t, as Thomas, thyme, Thames, asthma, phthisis, phthisick, phthisical, and is silent in twelfthlide, pronounced twclf- tide. T silent. Al% T is silent when preceded by s, and followed by the abbreviated terminations enz.nd.le, as hasten, chasten, fasten, listen, glisten, christen, moisten, which are pro- nounced as if written hace'n, chace'n, &c. ; in bursten the t is heard : so castle, nestle, trestle, wrestle, thistle, whistle, epistle, bristle, gristle, jostle, apostle, throstle, bustle, justle, rustle, are pronounced as if written cassle, nesslc, <&c. ; in pestle, the t is pronounced ; in often, fasten, and soften, the t is silent, and at the end of several words from the French, as trait, gout, (taste,) eclat. In the first of these words the t begins to be pronounced ; in the last, it has been sometimes heard ; but in the second, never. Toupet is more frequently written toupee, and is therefore not irregular. In billet-doux the t is silent, as well as in hautboy. The same silence of t may be ob- served in the English words, Christmas, chestnut, mort- gage, ostler, bankruptcy, and in the second syllable of mistletoe. In currant and currants the t is always mute. See Nos. 102, 103, 405. V. 473. y is flat /, and bears the same relation to it as b does to p, d to t, hard g to It, and z to s (41.) It is never irregular: and if ever silent, it is in the word twelvemonth, where both that letter and the e, are, in colloquial pro- nunciation, generally dropped, as if written tweVmonth. W initial. 474. That w at the beginning of a word is a consonant, has been proved already. (9) (59.) It is always silent before r, as in wrack, wrangle, torap, wrath, wreak, wreath, wreck, wren, wrench, wrest, wrestle, wretch, wriggle, wright, wring, wrinkle, wrist, write, writhe, wrong, wrought, wry, awry, bewray, and before h and the vowel e, when long, as whole, who, &.c. pronounced hole, hoo, , d to t, hard gio k, and v to/. Its common name is izzard, which Dr."Johnson explains into s hard ; if, however, this be the meaning, it is a gross misnomer ; for the z is not the hard, but the soft s .•* but as it has a less sharp, and therefore not so audible a sound, it is not impossible but it may mean s surd. Zed, borrowed from, the French, is the more fashionable name of this letter; but, in my opinion, not to be admitted, because the names of the 'etters ought to have no diversity. 484. Z, like s, goes into aspirat ion before a diphthong, or a diphthongal vowel after the accent, as is heard in vizier, glazier, grazier, &lc. pronounced vizh-i-er, glazh- * Professor Ward, speaking of the reason for doubling the s at the end of words, says, "s doubled retains its proper force, which, when single at the end of words, is softened into z, as his, hiss." And Dr. Wallis tells us, that it is almost certain when a noun has s hard in the last syllable, and becomes a verb, that in the latter case the s becomes soft, as a house is pronounced with the hard s, and to house with the s soft. OF THE NATURE OF ACCENT. i-er, grazh-t-er, &c. Tho same may be observed of azure, raiure, &c. 485. Z is silent in the French word rendezvous ; and is pronounced in the Italian manner, as if t were before it, i.i mezzotinto, as if written metzotinto. Thus have we endeavoured to exhibit a just idea of the principles of pronunciation, both with respect to single letters, and their various combinations into syllables and words. The attentive reader must have observed how much the sounds of the letters vary, as they are differently associated, and how much the pronunciation of these as- sociations depends upon the position 01 the accent. This is a point of the utmost importance, and a want of attend- in" .J it has betrayed several ingenious men into the grossest absurdities". This will more fully appear in the observations on accent, which is the next point to be considered. OF THE NATURE OF ACCENT. 486. The accent of the ancients is the opprobrium of modern criticism. Nothing can show more evidently the fallibility of the human faculties than the total ignorance we are in at present of the nature of the Latin and Greek accent.* This would be still more surprising if a phe- nomenon of a similar kind did not daily present itself to our view. The accent of the English language, which is constantly sounding in our ears, and every moment open to investigation, seems as much a mystery as that accent which is removed almost two thousand years from our view. Obscurity, perplexity, and confusion, run through every treatise on the subject, and nothing could be so hopeless as an attempt to explain it, did not a circum- stance present itself, which at once accounts for the con- fusion, and affords a clew to lead us out of it. 487. Not one writer on accent has given us such a de- finition of the voice as acquaints us with its essential properties: they speak of high and low, loud and soft, quick and slow, but they never once mention that striking property which distinguishes speaking from singing sounds, and which, from its sliding from high to low, and from low to high, may not improperly be called the inflec- tion of the voice. No wonder, when writers left this out of the account, that they should blunder about the nature of accent ; it was impossible they should do otherwise ; so partial an idea of the speaking voice must necessarily lead them into errour. But let us once divide the voice into its rising and falling inflections, the obscurity va- nishes, and accent becomes as intelligible as any other part of language. 488. Keeping this distinction in view, let us compare the accented syllable with others, and we shall find this general conclusion may be drawn: " The accented sylla- ble is always louder than the rest: but when it has the rising inflection, it is higher than the preceding, and lower than the succeeding syllable; and when it has the falling inflection, it is pronounced higher as well as louder than the other syllables, either preceding or succeeding." The only exception to this rule is : " when the accent is on the last syllable of a word which has no emphasis, and which is the concluding word of a discourse." Those who wish to see this clearly demonstrated, may consult Elements of Elocution, second edition, page 181. On the present occasion it will be sufficient to observe, that the stress we call accent is as well understood as is necessary for the pronunciation of single words, which is the object of this treatise; and therefore, considering accent merely as stress, we shall proceed to make some remarks on its proper position in a word, and endeavour to detect some errours in the use and application of it. The different Positions of the English Accent. 489. Accent, in its very nature, implies a comparison with other syllables less forcible: hence we may conclude that monosyllables, properly speaking, have no accent: when they are combined with other monosyllables and form a phrase, the stress which is laid upon one, in pre- ference to others, is called emphasis. As emphasis evi- dently points out the most significant word in a sentence, so, where other reasons do not forbid, the accent always dwells with greatest force on that part of the word which, from its importance, the hearer has always the greatest occasion to observe : and this is necessarily the root, or body of the word. But as harmony of termination fre- quently attracts the accent from the root to the branches of words, so the first and most natural law of accentua- tion seems to operate less in fixing the stress than any of the other. Our own Saxon terminations, indeed, with perfect uniformity, leave the principal part of the word in quiet possession of what seems its lawful property (501;) but Latin and Greek terminations, of which our * See Observations on the Greek and Latin Accent and Quantity, at the end of the Key to the Classical Pronun- ciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names. language is full, assume a right of preserving their ori- ginal accent, and subjecting many of the wordii they bestow upon us, to their own classical laws. 490. Accent, therefore, seems to be regulated, in a great measure, by etymology. In words from the Saxon, the accent is generally on tho root; in words from the learned languages, it is generally on the termination; and if* to these we add tho different accent we lay on some words, to distinguish them from others, we seem to have the three great principles of accentuation ; namely, the radical, the terminational, and the distinctive. Accent on Dissyllables: 491. Every word of two syllables has necessarily one of them accented, and but one. It js true, for the sake of emphasis, we sometimes luy an equal stress upon two successive syllables, as di-rect, some-times ; but when these words are pronounced alone, they have never more than one accent. For want of attending to this distinc- tion, some writers have roundly asserted, that many dis- syllables have two accents, such as convoy, concourse, discord, shipwreck: in which, and similar instances, they confound the distinctness, with which the latter syl- lables are necessarily pronounced, with accentual force ; though nothing can be more different. Let us pronounce the last syllable of the noun torment as distinctly as we please, it will still be very different with respect to force from the same syllable in the verb to torment, where the accent is on it; and if we do but carefully watch our pronunciation, the same difference will appear in every word of two syllables throughout the language. The word Amen is the only word which is pronounced with two consecutive accents when alone. 492. There is a peculiarity of accentuation in certain words of two syllables, which are both nouns and verbs, that is not unworthy of notice; the nouns having the ac- cent on the first syllable, and the verbs on the last. This seems an instinctive effort in the language, (if the expres- sion will be allowed rne) to compensate in some measure for the want of different terminations for these different parts of speech.* The words which admit of this diver- sity of accent, are the following : Nouns. Verbs. Object to abject absent to absent Abstract to abstract accent to accent affix to affix assign to assign augment to augment bombard to bombird cement to cement colleague to colleague collect to collect compact to com pic t compound to compound compress to compress concert to concert concrete to concrete conduct to conduct confine to confine conflict to conflict conserve to conserve consort to consort contest to contest contract to contract contrast to contrast convent to convent converse to converse convert to convert convict to convict convoy to convoy desert to desert discount to discount Nouns. descant digest essay export extract exile ferment frequent import incense insult object perfume permit prefix premise presage present produce project protest rebel record refuse subject survey torment tr&jcct transfer tiansport daribute Verbs. to descant to digest to essay to export to extract to exile to ferment to frequent t8 import to incense to insult to object to perfume to permit to prefix to premise to pres&ge to present to produce to project to protest to rebel to record to refuse to subject to survey to torment to traject to transfer to transport to attribute. 493. To this analogy, some speakers are endeavouring to reduce the word contents ; which, when it signifies the matter contained in a book, is often heard with the accent on the first syllable: but though this pronunciation serves to distinguish words which are different in signification, and to give, in some measure, a difference of form to thi * It is not improbable that the verb, by receiving a par- ticipial termination, has inclined us to pronounce that part of speech with an accent nearer the end than we do the noun : for though we can without any difficulty pro- nounce the verb with the accent on the noun, we cannot so easily pronounce the participle and the adverb formed from it with that accent : thus we can pronounce to transport with the accent on the first syllable ; but not so easily transporting and trdnsportingly. This is a solid reason for the distinction, ; nd ought to induce us where we can to observe it. A sipulchre and to sipulchre seem to require it. See the word. 40 ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES, TRISYLLABLES, AND POLYSYLLABLES. noun and verb, in which our tongue is remarkably defi- cient, still it is doubtful whether this distinction be of any real advantage to the language. See Bowl. This diversity of accentuation seems to have place in some compound verbs. See Counterbalance and the subsequent words. 494. Sometimes words have a different accent, as they are adjectives or substantives. Substantives. august, the month. c6 mpact champaign, wine exile, banishment gallant, a lover instinct invalid Levant, a place minute, of time supine, in grammar Adjectives. august, noble compact champaign, open exile, small gallant, bold instinct invalid levant, eastern minute, small supine, indolent. 495. Sometimes the same parts of speech have a dif- ferent accent to mark a difference of signification, to conjure, to practise magick ; to conjure, to entreat desert, a wilderness desert, merit biiffet, a blow buffet, a cupboard sinister, insidious sinister, the left side. 496. In this analogy some speakers pronounce the word Concordance with the accent on the first syllable, when it signifies a dictionary of the Bible ; and with the accent on the second, when it signifies agreement: but besides that, there is not the same reason for distinguish- ing nouns from each other, as there is nouns from verbs ; the accent on the first syllable of the word Concordance gives a harshness and poverty to its sound, which ought to be avoided. 497. But though the different accentuation of nouns and verbs of the same form does not extend so far as might be expected, it is certain, that in words of two syl- lables, where the noun and verb are of different forms, there is an evident tendency in the language to place the accent upon the first syllable of the noun, and on the last of the verb. Hence the nouns outrage, upstart, and up- roar, have the accent on the first syllable ; and the verbs to uplift, to uphold, and to outstrip, on the last. 498. This analogy will appear still more evident if we attend to the accent of those nouns and verbs which are compounded of two words. Every dissyllable compound- ed of words which, taken separately, have a meaning, maybe deemed a qualified substantive; and that word which qualifies or describes the other, is that which most distinguishes it, and consequently is that which ought to nave the accent : accordingly we find that inkhorn, out- rage, chairman, freehold, sand-box, book-case, pen-knife, have the accent on the first syllable, which is the speci- fying part of the word; while gainsay, foresee, overlook, undersell, have the accent on "the last syllable, which is the least distinguishing part of the word. This rule, iiowever, is, either by the caprice of custom, or the love of harmony, frequently violated, but is sufficiently exten- sive to mark the general tendency of the language. Akenside brings the verb to comment under this analogy : " The sober zeal " Of age, commenting on prodigious things." Pleasures of the Imagination. And Milton in the same manner the verb to commerce ; " And looks commercing with the skies, " Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes. 11 Penscroso. 499. Something very analogous to this we find in the nouns we verbalize, by changing the s sharp of the noun snto the 5 flat, or z of the verb (437,) as a tise, and to use ; where we may remark, that when the word in both parts of speech is a monosyllable, and so not under the laws of accent, the verb, however, claims the privilege of length- ening the sound of the consonant, when it can, as well as when it cannot, prolong the accentuation : thus we not only find grass altered to graze, brass to braze, glass to glaze, price to prize, breath to breathe, &c. but the c or s sharp altered to the 5 flat in adv ice to advise, excuse to excuse, device to devise, &c. The noun adopting the sharp hissing sound, and the verb the soft buzzing one, without transferring the accent, from one syllable to another. The vulgar extend this analogy to the noun practice, and the verb to practise, pronouncing the first with the t short and the c like sharp s, as if written prac- tiss, and the last with the i long and the s like z, as if written practize ; but correct speakers pronounce the verb like the noun ; that is, as if written practiss. The noun prophecy and the verb to prophesy follow this ana- logy, only by writing the noun with the c and the verb with the s, and without any difference of sound, except pronouncing the y in the first like e, and in the last like i long ; where we may still discover a trace of the tendency to the barytone pronunciation in the noun, and the oxy- tone in the verb. (467.) See the words. 500. This seems to be the favourite tendency of Eng- lish verbs; and where we find it crossed, it is generally in those formed from nouns, rather than the contrary : agreeably to this, Dr. Johnson has observed, that though nouns have often the accent on the latter, yet verbs have it seldom on the former syllable: those nouns which, in the common order of language, must have preceded the verbs, often transmit this accent to the verbs they form, and inversely : thus the noun water must have preceded the verb to water, as the verb to correspond must have preceded the noun correspondent ; and to pursue must claim priority to pursuit. So that we may conclude, whenever verbs deviate from this rule, it is seldom by chance, and generally in those words only where a supe- riour Jaw of accent takes place. Accent on Trisyllables. 501. As words increase in syllables, the more easily is their accent known. Nouns sometimes acquire a syllable by becoming plural ; adjectives increase a syllable by be ing compared; and verbs, by altering their tense, or be coming participles: adjectives become adverbs, by adding ly to them ; and prepositions precede nouns or verbs with- out altering the accent of the word to which they are prefixed : so that when once the accent of dissyllables is known, those polysyllables, whose terminations are per- fectly English, have likewise their accent invariably set- tled. Thus lion becomes lioness; poet, poetess; polite becomes politer, or politely, or even politclier : mischief, mischievous; happy, happiness; nay, lioness becomes lionesses; mischief, mischievousness ; and service, ser- viceable, seroiceableness, serviceably, and unserviccably, without disturbing the accent, either on account of the prepositive un, or the subjunctives able, ably, and ableness. 502. Hence we may perceive the glaring absurdity which prevails even in the first circles ; that of pronounc- ing the plural of princess, and even the singular, with the accent on the second syllable, like success and successes ; for we might just as well say, dutchess and dutchesses, as. princess and princesses ; nor would a correct ear be less hurt with the latter than with the former. 503. So few verbs of three syllables follow the analogy observable in those of two, that of protracting the accent to the last syllable, that this ceconomy seems peculiar to dissyllables ; many verbs, indeed, of three syllables are compounded of a preposition of two syllables: and then, according to the primary law of formation, and not the secondary of distinction, we may esteem them radical, and not distinctive: such are contradict, intercede, su- persede, contraband, circujnscribe, superscribe, &c. while the generality of words ending in the verbal terminations ise and ize, retain the accent of the simple, as criticise, tyrannize, modernize, &c. : and the whole tribe of trisyl- lable verbs in ate, very few excepted, refuse the accent on the last syllable : but words of three syllables often take their accent from the learned languages from which they are derived ; and this makes it necessary to inquire how far English accent is regulated by that of the Greek and Latin. On the Influence of the Greek and Latin Accent, on the Accent of English Poly syllables. (a) As our language borrows so largely from the learned languages, it is not wonderful that its pronuncia- tion should be in some measure influenced by them. The rule for placing the Greek accent was, indeed, essentially different from that of the Latin; but words from the Greek, coming to us through the Latin, are often so much latinized as to lose their original accent, and to fall into that of the Latin: and it is the Latin accent which we must chiefly regard, as that which influences our own. (b) The first general rule that may be laid down is, that when words come to us whole from the Greek or Latin, the same accent ought to be preserved as in the original: thus horizon, sonorous, decorum, dictator, gla- diator,mediator,de> alor. spectator, adulator, (fee. preserve the penultimate accent of the original; and yet the ante- penultimate tendency of our language has placed the accent on the first syllable of orator, senator, auditor, cicatrix, plethora, &c. in opposition to the Latin pronun- ciation of these words, and would have infallibly done the same by abdomen, bitumen, and acumen, if the learned had not stepped in to rescue these classical words from the invasion of the Gothick accent, and to preserve the stress inviolably on the second syllable: nor has ever tne interposition of two consonants been always able to keep the accent from mounting up to the antepenultimate syl- lable, as we may see in minister, sinister, character, &c. and this may be said to be the favourite accent of our language. See Miscellany. ACCENT ON POLYSYLLABLES. 41 (c) But, notwithstanding this prevalence of tho ante- penultimate accent, the general rule still holds good; and more particularly in words a little removed from common usage, such as terms in tho arts and sciences: these are generally of Greek original ; but, coming to us through the Latin, most commonly contract the Latin accent, when adopted into our language. This will ap- pear plainly by the following lists : and, first, let us se- lect some where the Greek and Latin accents coincide : plethora, irXtjBupa, metabisis, (terdiiacii, emphasis, ifKpaan, antispasis, . avTiazacig, antithesis, avTtOecis, antiphrasis, avTtippaois, protasis, npdraoii, metathesis, perddecis, epenthesis, enivQeais, aphaeresis, acpatptas. (d) Another list will show us where the accents of these languages differ: antanacliisis catuchresis, paracentesis aposiopesis, antiptosis, anadiplosis, auxesis, mathesis, exegesis, avravdx^aais KardxpnwSi irapaK(VTTjois, oapafLfjLUxns, SiipQpo> But the necessities of hu- man nature require, that our thoughts should not only be conveved with force, but with ease ; to give language its due effect, it must be agreeable as well as forceful ; and the ear must be addressed while we are informing the mind. Here, then, terminational accent, the musick of language, interposes ; corrects the discordant, and strengthens the feeble sounds ; removes the difficulty of pronunciation which arises from placing the accent on initial syllables, and brings the force gently down to the latter part of the word, where a cadence is formed, on the principles of harmony and proportion. 505. To form an idea of the influence of termination upon accent, it will be sufficient to observe, that words which have ei, ia, ie, io, eou, in their termination, always have the accent on the preceding syllable: thus atheist, alien, regalia, ambrosia, &c. the numerous terminations in ion, ian, &c. as gradation, promotion, confusion, lo- gician, physician, &c. those in ious, as harmonious, abste- mious, &c. those in eous, as outrageous, advantageous, &c. These may not improperly be styled semi-conso- nant diphthongs. (196.) 506. The only exceptions to this rule are one word in iack, as elegiack, which has the accent on the i, and the following words in iacal, as prosodiacal, cardiacal, heli- acal, genethliacal, maniacal, demoniacal, ammoniacal, * Ben Jonson seems to have had a faint idea of this coincidence, where he says, " all verbs coming from the Latin, either of the supine or otherwise, hold the accent as it is found in the first person present of those Latin verbs, as animo, animate, celebro, celebrate ; except words compounded of facio, as lique-facio, liquefy ; and of statuo, as constitxio, constitute" English Grammar. Of the extent and justness of these observations, the criti- cal reader will be. the best judge. theriacal, paradisiacal, aphrodisiacal, and hypochondri acal ; all which have the accent on the antepenultimate i, and that long and open, as in idle, title, &c. 507. Nothing can be more uniform than the position of the accent in words of these terminations, and, with very few exceptions, the quantity of the accented vowel is as regular as the accent; for when these terminations are preceded by a single consonant, every accented vowel is long, except i ; which, in this situation, is a9 uniformly short: thus, occasion, adhesion, erosion, and confusion, have the a, e, o, and u long; while vision and decisio?i have the i short. The same may be observed of proba- tion, concretion, devotion, ablution, and exhibition. The exceptions are impetuous, especial, perpetual, discretion and battalion, which last ought to be spelled with double I, as in the French, from which it is derived, and then it would follow the general rule. National and rational form two more exceptions ; and these are almost the only irregularities to which these numerous classes of words are subject. 503. Nearly the same uniformity, both of accent and quantity, we find in words ending in ick. The accent mmediately precedes this termination, and every vowel under this accent but u is short ; thus satanick, pathetick, elliptick, harmonick, &c. have the accent on the penulti- mate, and the vowel short ; while tunick, runick, and cubicle, have the accented vowel Ion". 509. The same may bo observed of words ending in cal, as fanatical, poetical, levilicaL, canonical, , and those distinct ideas it contains are preserved, which must necessarily be con- founded by the contrary mode; and that pronunciation of compounds, say they, must certainly be the best which best preserves the import of the simples. 514 Nothing can be more specious than this reason- ing, till we look a little, higher than language, and con- sider its object: we shall then discover, that, in uniting two words under one accent, so as to form one compound term, we do but imitate the superiour operations of the mind, which, in order to collect and convey knowledge, unites several simple ideas into one complex one. "The end of language," says Mr. Locke, " is by short sounds to signify with ease and despatch general conceptions, wherein not only abundance of particulars are contained, but also a great variety of independent ideas are collect- ed into one complex one, and that which holds these dif- ferent parts together in the unity of one complex idea, is the word we annex to it." For, as Mr. Locke continues, " Men, in framing ideas, seek more the convenience of * These words ought certainly to be accented alike ; and accordingly we find Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Barclay, and Mr. Smith, place the accent on the second syllable; but though Fenning accents significatory in the same manner, he places the accent on the antepenulti- mate of pacificatory ; and Kenrick likewise accents the second syllable of significatory, but the first of pacifica- tory ; the other orthoepists who have not got these words have avoided these inconsistencies. language, and quick despatch by short and comprehensive signs, than the true and precise nature of things ; and therefore, he who has made a complex idea of a body with life, sense, and motion, with a faculty of reason joined to it, need but use the short monosyllable, man, to express all particulars that correspond to that complex idea." So it may be subjoined, that, in framing words for the purpose of immediate communication, the end of this communication is best answered by such a pronun- ciation as unites simples into one compound, and at the same time renders the compound as much a simple as possible : but it is evident that this is done by no mode of accentuation so well as that which places the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of the words thedlogy, orthdgraphy ; and therefore that this accentuation, without insisting on its superiour harmony, must best answer the great end of language. (328.) 515. This tendency in our language to simplify com- pounds, is sufficiently evident in that numerous catalogue of words, where we find the long vowel of the simple changed into a short one in the compound, and by this means losing much of its original import to the ear : thus breakfast, shepherd, vineyard, meadow, shadow, zealous, hearken, valley, cleanse, cleanly (neat,) forehead, wil- derness, bewilder, kindred, hinder, knowledge, darling, fearful, pleasant, pleasure, whitster, whitleather, seam- stress, stealth, wealth, health, wisdom, wizard, parent- age, lineage, children, pasty, gosling, collier, holiday, Christmas, Michaelmas, windlass, cripple, hinder, strip- ling, starling, housewife, husband, primer, peascod, fieldfare, birth from bear, dearth from dear, weary from wear, and many others, entirely lose the sound of the simple in their compound or derivative. 516. The long i in white, when a simple, is almost universally changed into a short one in proper names, as Whitchurch, Whitefield, Whitbread, Whitlock, Whita- ker, &c. for, compendiousness and despatch being next in importance to perspicuity, when there is no danger of mistake, it is no wonder that the organs should fall into the shortest and easiest sounds. 517. It must, however, be observed, that this tendency to unite simples into a compound, by placing an accent exactly where the two words coalesce, is still subservi- ent to the laws of harmony. The Greek word hoKtw, which signifies to opine, and from which the last sylla- bles of orthodoxy are derived, was never a general sub- i'unctive word, like \oyoi and ypafut ; andj even if it had een so, the assemblage of consonants in the letter x would have prevented the ear from admitting an accent on the syllable immediately preceding, as the x would, by this means, become difficult to pronounce. Placing the accent, therefore, on the first syllable of orthodoxy, gives the organs an opportunity of laying a secondary stress upon the third, which enables them to pronounce the whole with distinctness and fluency : thus Galaxy and Cachexy, having the accent on the first syllable, are i very difficult to pronounce ; but this difficulty is remov- | ed by placing the accent a syllable higher in the words apoplexy, ataraxy, and anorexy. | 518. But the numerous classes of words that so readily I adopt this enclitical accent, sufficiently prove it to be i agreeable to the genius of our pronunciation. This will more evidently appear by adducing examples. Words in the following terminations have always the accent on that syllable where the two parts unite, that is, on tho antepenultimate syllable; In logy, as apology, ambilogy, genealogy, &C In graphy, as geography, orthography, historiogra- phy, ecc. In phagus, as sarcophagus, ichthyophagus, androphd giis, &.C. In loquy, as obloquy, soliloquy, ventriloquy, &c. Jn strophe, as catastrophe, apostrophe, anastrophe, &c. In meter, as geometer, barometer, thermometer, &c. In gonal, as diagonal, octagonal, polygonal, &c. In vorous, as carnivorous, granivorous, piscivorous, &c. In ferous, as bacciferous, cocciferous, somniferous, &c. In fluous, as superfluous, mellifluous, fcllifluous, &c. In fluent, as mellifluent, circumfluent, interfluent, &c. In vomous, as ignrvomous,flammivomous, &c. In parous, as viviparous, oviparous, deiparous, &c. In cracy, as theocracy, aristocracy, democracy, &c. In gony, as theogony, cosmogony, hexagony, &c. In phony, as symphony, cacophony, colophony, &cc. In machy, as theomachy, logomachy, sciomachy, &c. In nomy, as ceconomy, astronomy, Deuteronomy, &c. In tomy, as anatomy, lythotomy, arteviotomy, &.C In scopy, a3 metoposcopy, duteroscony, aeroscopy, &c. In pathy, as apathy, antipathy, idiopathy, &cV In mathy, as opsimathy, polymathy, &c. &c. &c. 519. Some of these Greek compounds seem to refuse the antepenultimate accent, for the same reason as or- I thodoxy ; such as necromancy, chiromancy, hidromancy ; M SECONDARY ACCENT.— QUANTITY. and those terminating in archy, as hierarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy ; all of which have the accent on the first syllable, which gives the organs time to recover their force upon the third, and to pronounce the two conso- nants with much more ease than if the accent immedi- ately preceded them; but periphrasis and antiphrasis, besides their claim to the accent of their originals, readily admit of the accent on the second syllable, because the consonants in the two last syllables do not come to- gether, and are therefore easily pronounced after the ac- cent. Words of more than two syllables, ending in ogue, as pedagogue, dialogue, &c. have the accent on the an- tepenultimate. Orthoepy, having no consonant in the an- tepenultimate syllable, naturally throws its accent on the first. See Monornachy. 520. By this view of the enclitical terminations, we may easily perceive how readily our language falls into the antepenultimate accent in these compound polysyl- lables; and that those terminations, which seem to re- fuse this accent, do it rather from a regard to etymology than analogy : thus words ending in asis, as periphrasis, apophasis, hypostasis, antiperistasis, &c. have the an- tepenultimate accent of their originals. The same may be observed of those ending in esis, as hypothesis, an- | titkesis, parenthesis, &c. : but exegesis, mathesis,auxe-\ sis, catachrcsis, paracentesis, aposiopesis, have the ac- cent on the penultimate syllable, because the vowel in this syllable is Jong in Greek and Latin. But all words ending in osis have the accent on the penultimate, ex- cept metamorphosis and apotheosis, which desert the accent of their Latin originals, while those in ysis are accented regularly on the antepenultimate in Greek, Latin, and English, as analysis, paralysis, &c. We may note too, that every s in all these terminations is sharp and hissing. See the words Exostosis and Apo- theosis. 521. Words of three syllables ending in ator have the accent on the penultimate, as spectator, collator, delator, Sec. except orator, senator, legator, and barrator. But words in this termination, of more than three syllables, though they have generally the accent on the penulti- mate, are subject to a diversity not easily reduced to the rule: thus navigator, propagator, dedicator, Sec. are sometimes pronounced with the accent on the first sylla- ble, and sometimes on the third : but as these words may be pronounced with an accent on both these syllables, it is of less consequence on which syllable we place the accent, when we use only one. (528.) The general rule certainly inclines to the penultimate accent ; but as all these words are verbal nouns, and, though generally derived from Latin words of the same terminations, have verbs corresponding to them in our own language, it is very natural to preserve the accent of the verb in these words, as it gives an emphasis to the most signifi- cant part of them : thus equivocator, prevaricator, dedi- cator, might be regularly formed from the verbs to equiv- ocate, to prevaricate, and to dedicate ; and, agreeably to analogy, would have been written equivocater, pre- varicater, and dedicater ; but an affectation of prefer- ring every analogy to our own, has given these words a Latin termination, which answers no purpose, but to involve our language in absurdities ; but the ear, in this case, is not quite so servile as the eye : and though we are obliged to write these words with or, and not er, we generally hear them pronounced as if they were formed from our own verbs, and not from Latin nouns in ator. But when the word has no verb in our own language to correspond to it, the accent is then placed with great propriety upon the a, as in Latin: thus violator, insti- gator, navigator, &c. ought to have the accent on the first syllable ; and emendator, gladiator, adulator, Sec. on the" last but one. that the secondary stress might, or might not, be adopt- ed, as distinctness, force, or harmony, should require; thus complaisant, contraband, caravan ; and violin, partisan, artisan, cturtesan, metaphysick, have fre- quently an accent on the first, as well as on the third syllable, though a somewhat less forcible one. The same may be observed of repartee, referee, privateer, domineer, Sec. ; but it must still be observed, that though an accent be allowable on the first syllable of these words, it is by no means necessary ; they may all be pro- | nounced with one accent, and that on the last syllable, j without the least deviation from propriety. I 525. In order to give some idea of the nature of the ! secondary accent, let ui suppose, that, in giving our , opinion of an astronomical argument, we say, j " It is a direct demonstration of the Copernican system." \ In this sentence, as an accent is necessarily upon the last syllable of direct, we seldom lay a stress on the first sylla- ble of demonstration, unless we mean to be uncommonly emphatical ; but in the following sentence, " It is a demonstration of the Copernican system." SECONDARY ACCENT. i Here, as no accented word precedes demonstration, the j voice finds a rest, and the ear a force, in placing an ac- ; cent on the first, as well as on the third syllable. I 52G. But though we may, or may not, use the secon- ! dary accent, at pleasure, it is by no means a matter of I indifference on what syllable we place it : this is fixed j with as much certainty as the place of the principal ac- i cent itself; and a wrong position of one would as much i derange the sound of the word, as a wrong position of i the other : and it must be carefully noted, that, though I we lay no stress upon the syllable which may have the secondary accent, the consonants and vowels have ex- actly the same sound as if the doubtful syllable (as it may be called) were accented. Thus, though I lay no stress upon the second syllable of negotiation, pronunciation, ecclesiastick, Sec. thee, t, and* go into the sound of sh and ih, as if the secondary accent were on the preceding syl- lable. (357) (451) (459.) 527. It may be observed, in the first place, that the secondary accent is always two syllables, at least, dis- tant from the principal accent : thus in demonstration, lamentation, provocation, Sec. the secondary accent is on the first syllable, and the principal on the third ; and in arteriotomij, meteorology, and hijpochondriacal. the sec- ondary accent is on the first, aud the principal on the fourth syllable: and in the word indivisibility we may place two secondary accents, one upon the first, and the other on the third. 528. In the next place it may be observed, that though the syllable on which the principal accent is placed is fixed and certain, yet we may, and do frequent- ly, make the secondary principal, and the principal secon- dary : thus caravan, complaisant, violin, repartee, refe- ree, privateer, domineer, courtesan, artisan, charlatan, may all have the greatest stress on the first, and the least on the last syllable, without any violent offence to the ear : nay, it may be asserted, that the principal aceent on the first syllable of these words, and none at all on the last, though certainly improper, has nothing in it grating or discordant : but placing an accent on the second syllable of these words would entirely derange them, and produce an intolerable harshness and disso- nance. The same observations may be applied to dem- onstration, lamentation, provocation, navigator, prop- agator, alligator, and every similar word in the lan- guage. But, as we have observed, No. 526, the conso nants t, d, c, and s, after the secondary accent, are ex- actly under the same predicament as after the primary ; I that is, if they are followed by a diphthong or diphtho'n- i gal vowel, these consonants are pronounced like sh, Lsh, ! zh, or j, as sententiosity, partiality, &c. (526.) 522. Hitherto we have considered that accent only, which necessarily distinguishes one syllable in a word from the rest : and which, with very little diversity, is adopted by all who speak the English language. 523. The secondary accent is that stress we may oc- casionally place upon another syllable, besides that which has the principal accent, in order to pronounce every part of the word more distinctly, forcibly, and har- moniously. Thus this accent may be placed on the first syllable of conversation, commendation, Sec. 521. There are few authors who have not taken notice of two accents upon some of the longer polysylla- bles, but none have once hinted, that one of these is not essential to the sound of the word : they seem to have supposed both accents equa.iy necessary, and without II have' seen that vowels, under the principal accent, before any other difference than that one was pronounced more \> the diphthongs ia, ie, eou, ion, are all long, except i ; forcibly than the other. This mistake arose from a j (507 ;) that all vowels are long before the terminations ■want of studying the speaking voice. A knowledge of | ity and ety, as deity, piety, tec. (511 ;) that if one or more this would have told them, that one accent only was j,' consonants precede these terminations, every preceding essential to every word of more than one syllable, and i 1 accented vowel, except the a in si arc ity and rarity, sig- QUANTITY. 529. In treating this part of pronunciation, it will not be necessary to enter into the nature of that quantity which constitutes poetry ; the quantity here considered will be that which relates to words taken singly: and this is nothing more than the length or shortness cf the vowels, either as they stand alone, or as they are differently com- bined with the vowels or consonants. (63.) 530. Quantity, in this point of v iew, has already been fully considered under every vowet and diphthong in the language. What remains to be said on this subject is, the quantity of vowels under the secondary accent. We SYLLABICATION. 45 nifying uncoromonness, is short but u: and that the same analogy of quantity is found before the termina- tions ick and icat, and the numerous enclitical termina- tions we have just been pointing out. Here we find cus- tom conformable to analogy ; and that the rules for the accent and quantity of these words admit of scarcely any exceptions. In other parts of the language, where cus- tom is more capricious, we can still discover general rules, and there are but very few words, in which the quantity of the vowel under the principal accent is not ascertained. Those who have but a common share of education, and are conversant with the pronunciation of the capital, are seldom at a loss for the quantity of the vowel under that accent which may be called prin- cipal ; but the secondary accent in the longer polysylla- bles does not seem to decide the quantity of the vowels so invariably. Air. Sheridan divides the words degluti- tion, depravation, degradation, dereliction, and demo- cratical, into de-glu-ti-tion, de-pra-va-tion, de-gra-da- tion, de-rc-lic-tion, and de-mo-crat-i-cal ; while Dr. Ken- rick more accurately divides them into deg-lu-ti-tion, dep-ra-va-tion, deg-ra-da-tion, and dem-o-crat-i-cal ; but nvKCs not any distinction between the first o in prof 'anation and profane, prodigality and prodigious, prorogation and 1 prorogue, though he distinguishes this letter in the first syllable of progress, and that in progression : and though Mr. Sheridan divides retrograde into retro- grade, he divides relrogradation, retrogression, retro- spect, retrospection, and retrospective, into re-tro-gra- da-tioii, re-tro-gres-sion, re-tro-speet, re-tro-spec-tion, and re-tro-spec-tive. At the first sight of these words we are tempted to prefer the preposition in a distinct syllable, as supposing that mode to convey more distinct- 1 ly each part of the word ; but custom at large, the best I interpreter of nature, soon lets us see that these preposi-i tions coalesce with the word they are prefixed to, for! reasons greatly superiour to those which present them- j selves at first. (514.) If we observe the tendency of pro- nunciation, with respect to inseparable prepositions, we I shall find, that those compound words which we adopt i also by the power of the secondary accent; though Mr. whole trom other languages, we consider as simples, and I Sheridan has, in my opinion, very erroneously divided pronounce them without any respect to their component , ! ratiocination into ra-sho-sy-na-shun ; that is, into a parts ; but those compounds which we form ourselves re- 1 i syllable less than it ought to have, with the o long in- tain the traces of their formation in the distinction j stead of short. which is observable between the prepositive and radical ! 537. The accent on the Latin antepenultimate seemed part of the word : thus retrograde, retrogression, retro- j t0 have something of a similar tendency ; for though the spect, and retrospective, coming compounded to us from ! great difference in the nature of the Latin and English the e in re-pair, rep-a-ration, re-ply, and rep li-cation, re-peat and rep-e-tition, the accent making the whole difference between the quantity of the vowel in one word and the other. 534. The only exception to the shortening power of the secondary accent is the same as that which prevents the shortening power of the primary accent, (503,) name- ly, the vowel u as in lucubration, or when any other of the vowels are succeeded by a semi-consonant diphthong, (196:) thus mediator and mediatorial have the e in the first syllable as long as in mediate : deviation has the e in the first syllable as long as in deviate, notwithstand- ing the secondary accent is on it, and which would infal- libly have shortened it, if it had not been for the succeed- ing diphthong ia ; and even this diphthong in gladiator has not the power of preserving the first syllable long, though Mr. Sheridan, by his marking it, has made it so. 535. From what has been seen of accent and quantity, it is easy to perceive how prone our language is to an antepenultimate accent, and how naturally this accent shortens the vowels it falls upon : nay, so great a propen- sity have vowels to shrink under this accent, that the diphthong itself, in some words, and analogy in others, are not sufficient to prevent it, as valiant, retaliate. Thus, by the subjoining only of al to nation, with the a long, it becomes national, with the a short, though con- trary to its relation with occasion and congregation, which do not shorten the a upon being made occasional aqd congregational .• in like manner the acquisition of the same termination to the word nature, makes it nat-u- ral ; but this, it may be presumed, is derived from the Latin naturalis, and not from adding al to the English word, as in the foregoing instances; and thus it comes under the shortening power of the antepenultimate ac- cent, notwithstanding the semi-consonant diphthong u. 536. The same shortening power in the antepenulti- mate accent maybe observed in rational and ratiocinate, where the first a in the first word, and the o in the sec- ond, aTe short. The first a in the second word is short the Latin, ought, when the accent is on the preposition to shorten the vowel, and unite it to the root, as in res ur-rec-tion, rec-ol-lec-tion, prep-o-si-tion, &c. ; while re- commit, re-convey, &.c. being compounds of our own, must preserve it separate. 531. From what has been observed arises this general rule : where the compound retains the primary sense of j the simples, and the parts of the word are the same in accent will allow us to argue from one to the other but in very few circumstances, (503,) yet we may perceive in that accent, so different from ours in general, a great coincidence in this particular; namely, its tendency to shorten an antepenultimate syllable. Bishop Hare tells us, that " Quae acuuntur in tertia ab extrema, interdum acuta corripiunt, si positione sola longa sunt, ut Sptime, servitus, pervelim, P dmphilus, et pauca alia, quo Cretici n»v- .7iiiij/n,o, aim itic pew ia ui Llic nuiu die LUC cjuIUc 111 M ow fH'"^,/'^' l/cttm, j. u ill u/i ( £ (to. c u ijauua aiJa, vjuts vici!i,i every respect, both in and out of composition, then the I mutantur in Anapestos. Idem factum est in neutiquam, preposition is pronounced in a distinct syllable; but!! licet incipiat diphthongo." De Metr. Comic, pag. ~* when the compound departs ever so little from the literal sense of the simples, the same departure is observable in the pronunciation ; hence the different syllabication and pronunciation of re-com-mence and rec-om-mend ; the Those words which have the acute accent on the antepe- | nultimate syllable, have sometimes that syllable short- | ened, if it was only long by position, as optime, servitus, ' pervelim, Painphilus, and a few others, which by this former signifies a repetition of a commencement, but the means are changed from Cretickto Anapestick feet ; nay. latter does not imply a repetition of a commendation thus re-petition would signify to petition again ; while rcp-etition signifies only an iteration of the same act, be it what it will. The same may be observed of the words re-create, and recreate, re-formation, and ref-ormation. 532. Thai this is perfectly agreeable to the nature of the language, appears from the short pronunciation of j the vowel in the first syllable of preface, prelate, prel- ude, prologue, &c. as if divided into pref-ace, prel-ate^ ]trel-ude, prol-ogue, &c. It is much to be regretted, how neutiquam undergoes the same fate, though it begins with a diphthong. SYLLABICATION. 538. Dividing words into syllables is a very different i operation, according to the different ends proposed by it. The object of syllabication may be, either to enable chil- dren to discover the sound of words they are unacquainted with, or to show the etymology of a word, or to exhibit ever, that this short sound of the penultimate vowel has t u P PTnpt nrm „ n .;.,; m ' n f; t so much obtained in our language, which abounds too! tfc Fwl " C , *mT ° f *", mnr-h in thoo c^i.r.^-. „„, „„„ J „i l i 539 - " nen a chl ld nas raade certain advances m read much in these sounds nor can etvmolosry be alwavs i«„ u„» ; ■ . e .i. j e e .u 1 n i 00 j or , <• ,.• '„;_,: . e ■ .u c ':-" ' mg, but is ignorant of the sound of many of the longer pleaded for this pronunciation; for in the foregoing , lc ^ rna ;, ^,1 n „, k„ ; — ™~>, ,„ u„ ^^J.„ »i^ ^^ — f — words, the first vowel is long in the Latin prafatio, prw-i' S j : words, it may not be improper to lay down the common latus, prceludiwm, though short in prSlogus : for though in words from the Greek the preposition irpo was short, in Latin it was generally long; and why we should shorten it in progress, project, &c. where it is long in Latin, can only be accounted for by the superficial appli- cation of a general rule, to the prejudice of the sound of our language. (543.) o33. It will be necessary, however, to observe, that in forming a judgement of the propriety of these observa- tions, the nicest care must be taken not to confound those prepositions which are under the primary and sec- ondary accent, with those which immediately precede the stress ; for preclude, pretend, &c. are under a very different predicament from prologue, preposition, &c. ; and the very same law that obliges us to pronounce the vowel short in the first syllable of prov-i-dence, provo- cation, and prof-a-nation, obliges ns to pronounce the vowel open, and with some degree of length, in pro-vide, pro-voke, and pro-fane. The same may be observed of 1 general rule to him, that a consonant between two vow- ; els must go to the latter, and that two consonants coming j together must be divided. Farther than this, it would i be absurd to go with a child; for telling him that com- | pounds must be divided into their simples, and that sucji : consonants as may begin a word may begin a syllable, i requires a previous knowledge of words, which children cannot be supposed to have ; and which, if they have, makes the division of words into syllables unnecessary. Children, therefore, may be very usefully taught the general rule above-mentioned, as, in many cases, it will lead them to the exact sound of the word, as in pro-vi- ded: and, in others, it will enable them to give a good guess at it, as in de-li-cate ; and this is all that can be expected: for when we are to form an unknown com- pound sound out of several known simple sounds ; (which is the case with children, when we wish them to find out the sound of a w.)rd by spelling it ;) this, I say, is the only method that can be taken. 540. But an etymological division of words is a- diU»r- m SYLLABICATION. ©nt operation ; it is the di rision of a person acquainted With the whole word, and who wishes to convey, by this division, a knowledge of its constituent parts, as ortho- graphy, theo-logy, &c. 541. In the same manner, a person, who is pre-ac- quainted with the whole compound sound of a word, and wants to convey the sound of each part to one unacquaint- ed with it, must divide it into such partial sounds as, when put together again, will exactly form the whole, as or-thog-ra-phy, the-ol-o-gy, &c. This is the method adopted by those who would convey the whole sound, by giving distinctly every part; and, when this is the ob- ject of syllabication, Dr. Lowth's rule is certainly to be followed. " The best and easiest rule," says the learned bishop, "for dividing the syllables in spelling, is, to di- vide them as they are naturally divided in a right pro- nunciation, without regard to the derivation of words, or the possible combination of consonants at the beginning of a syllable." Introduction to Eng. Gram, page 7. 542. In this view of syllabication, we consider it only as the picture of actual pronunciation ; but may we not consider it as directed likewise by some laws of its own.' laws, which arise put of the very nature of enunciation, and the specifick quajities of the letters .' These laws cer- tainly direct us to separate double consonants, and such as are uncombinahle from the incoalescence of their sounds: and if such a separation will not paint the true sound of the word, we may be certain that such sound is unnatural, and has arisen from caprice : thus the words chamber, Cambridge, and cambrick, must be dividedwt", the letter m ; and as this letter, by terminating the sylla- ble, according to the settled rules of pronunciation, short- ens the vowel, the general pronunciation given to these words must be absurd, and contrary to the first principles of the language. Angel,* ancient, danger, manger, and ranger, are under the same predicament ; but the pauci- ty of words of this kind, so far from weakening the gene- ral rule, strengthens it. See Change. 543. By an induction which demonstrates the shorten- ing power of the antepenultimate accent, has been shown the propriety of uniting the consonant to the vowel in the first syllable of demonstration, lamentation, propagation, &c. : we thus decide upon the quantity of these vowels, which are so uncertain in our best dictionaries ; and may we not hope, by a similar induction, and with the first principles of language in view, to decide the true, genu- ine, and analogical sound of some words of another kind, which waver between different pronunciations .' The an- tepenultimate accent has unquestionably a shortening power ; and I have not the smallest doubt that the penul- timate accent has a lengthening power; that is, if our own words, and words borrowed from other languages, of two syllables, with but One consonant in the middle, had been left to the general ear, the accent on the first sylla- ble would have infallibly lengthened the first vowel. A strong presumption of this arises from our pronunciation of all Latin dissyllables in this manner, without any re- gard to the quantity of the original, (see Drama,) and the ancient practice of doubling the consonant when preced- ed by a, single vowel in the participial terminations, as to begin, beginning, to regret, regretted .• and I believe it may be confidently affirmed, that words of two syllables from the Latin, with but one consonant in the middle, would always have had the first vowel long, if a pedan- tick imitation of Latin quantity had not prevented it. (See Drama.) Let an Englishman, with only an English education, be put to pronounce zephyr, and he will, with- out hesitation, pronounce the e long, as in zenith .- if you tell him the e is pronounced short in the Latin zephyrus, which makes it short in English, and he should happen to ask you the Latin quantity of the first syllable of ccm- ick, mimick, solace, &c, your answer would be a con- tradiction to your rule. — What irrefragably proves this to be the genuine analogy of English quantity, is the different quantity we give a Latin word of two "syllables when in the nominative, and when in an oblique case : thus in the first syllable of sidus and nomen, which ought to be long, and of miser and onus, which ought to be short, we equally use the common long sound of the vow- els ; but in the oblique cases, sideris, nominis, miseri, oneris,&.c, we use quite another sound, and that a short one; and this analogy runs through the whole English pronunciation of the learned languages. (533) (535.) 544. But the small dependence of the English quantity on that of the Latin will be best seen by a selection of words of two syllables, with the accent on the first, and but one consonant in the middle, and comparing them with the Latin words from which they are derived. * It is highly probable, that, in Ben Jonson's time,X? a - mlmus. capparis. vlpera. praetor. llmosus. splnosus. vlnosus creber. f jet us. edict um. secretus. flbra, fibra fragrans. cogens. mSroentum ponens. dlgestus. ( refluxus. | refluxus. | trdphseum. ( trophaeum chele. spina. carus. quaere. gloria. historia. Words in, which the same vowel is short in both lair guages : magick, tragi ck, logick, colick, chronick, lyrick, rabid, acid, placid, rigid, calid, valid, gelid, olid, solid, timid, rapid, sapid, vapid, tepid, nitid, second, decade. magicus. tragicus. logica. colicu«. chronicus. lyricus. rabldus. acid us. placidus. rigidus. Calidus. valid us. gelidus. Slidus. solidus. timidus. rapidus. sapidus. vapidus. tepidus. nitidus. secundus. decas. sabinc, famine, rapine, patine, tribune, stature, refuse, palate, senate, agate, tribute, minute, statute, value, statue, monarch, stomach, epoch, polish, famish, perish, parish, ravish, sablni. fames. raplna. patina. tribunus. statura. refusus. palatum. senatus. achates. tributio. nunutus. statutus. valor. statiia. monarcha. stomachus epocha. politus. fames. per lo. parochia. rapio. SYLLABICATION. 47 mSthod, palace, amice, chalice, malice, anise, Image, reTuge, adage, aloe, gricile, docile, agile. fragile, febrile, gl5bule, macule, platane, basil, cavil, devil, atom, sSphism, milium, alum, Sbon, platin, robin, cumin, latin, civ in, savin, column, dragon, canon, cavern, tavern, saturn, vicar, schSlar, slaver, pr5per, zephyr, liquor, vigour, mcthSdus. palitium. amlctus. c&lix. militia. anlsum. Imago. refugium. adagium. aloe. gracilis. docllis. agllis. fragllis. fSbrilis, febrllis. glBbulus. macula. E lit anus- isllicum. civil lor. dlibolus. Stomus. sophlsma. minus, ilumen. ebenus. plitlna. rublcula. ciiminum. IStlnus. civea. sibina. cSlumna. draco, canon, caverna. tiberna. siturnus. vicirius. scholaris. saliva. prSprlus. zephyrus. liquor, vigor. corinth, Spick, tonick, conick, topick, trSpick, cjfnick, stStick, crltick, mgtal, rSbel, mSdel, camel, chapel, nSvel, slgi), vigil, sterile, rigour, valour, colour, tenour, dolour, honour, aloes, relict, prophet, comet, planet, tenet, tapet, habit, placit, tacit, adit, vomit, merit, talent, patent, sub. modest, forest, nephew, . sinew, money, study, cSrinthua. Splcus. tonlcus. couicus. topic us. tropicus. cynlcus. stitlcus. crltlcus. metallum. rebello. mSduIus.. cimelus. capella. n5vellus. slgillum. vlgllia. sterilis. rigor. vilor. color; tenor. dolor. bonSr. aloes. relictus. prSpheta. cometa. planeta. teneo. tapes. habitus. plicitum. tacltus. idltus. vomo. meritum. talentum. piteo. modestus. forestum. nepos. slnuo. moneta. studium. Words in which the same vowel is long in English, and short in Latin : tumid, tumldus. satan, satan. coma, coma. hymen, hymen. quota, quota. trident, trldens. tripod, trlpus. trlgon, trlgon. sequence, cadence, sequentia. cidens. negro, niger. hero, heros. silence, sllentium. polar, polaris. monade, monas. piper, papyrus. trochee, trochaeus. vapour, vapor. sitire, satyra. fever, febris, feb vacate, vico. fragor, fragor. civ ate, civo. rigour, rigor. dative, datlvus. Ichor, t X io 9 . achor. triumph, trlumphus. ichor, focal, focus. sapor, sapor. local, localis. tepor, tepSr. gregal, gregalis. favour, favor. ch5ral, chorus. labour, labor. nival, nivalis. odour, odor. libel, libellum. trgmour, tremor. libel, llbellus. vapour, vapor. serum, serum. pedal, pedalis. forum, forum. petal, petalum. lipis, lapis. recent, recens. basis, bisls. decent, decens. phasis, (pacrii. regent, regens. schesis, schesis client, cllens. thesis, dims, thesis silent, sllentium tripos, tripos. parent, parens. focus, focus. patent, adj. piteo. crocus, crocus. latent, latens. modus, modus. potent, potens. genus, genus. gerent, gSrens. sinus, sinus. vlrent, vlrens. garous, g&rum. frequent, frequens. scabrous, sciber. sequent, sequens. notus, notus. sacrist, sicer. epact, i-KaKTai. locust, locusta. roset, rosa. phalanx, phalanx. vacant, v&cans. apex, apex. secant, secans. calix, calix. vagrant, vagus. helix, &hl tyrant, tyrannus. pharynx, ABA'NDON^ a-ban'-d&n. 166. v. a. [abandon- ner, Fr.] To give up, resign, or quit. Gower. To desert ; to forsake ; in an ill sense. Sidney. To forsake; to leave. Spenser. To drive away; to banish. Shak. To ABANDON OVER, a-ban'-dun-6-vur. v.a. A form of writing not usuai ; to give up to, to resign. Dryden. ABANDON*, a-ban'-d&n. n. s. A forsaker; he who has abandoned or left a thing. Sir E. Sandys. A relinquishment. Ld. Karnes. ABANDONED, a-ban'-dund. 362. participial a. Corrupted in the highest degree ; as, an abandoned wretch. Nelson. ABA NDONER*, a-ban'-dun-ur. n. s. A forsaker. Beaum. and Fl. ABANDONING, a-ban'-dfin-fog. n.s. A leaving or forsaking. Clarendon. ABANDONMENT, a-ban'-dun-ment. n. s. The act of abandoning. Cotgrave. ABANNITION, a-ban-nish'-un. n. 5. [abannitio, Lat.] A banishment for one or two years for man- slaughter. Diet. Ob. J. To ABA'RE§ f a-bare'. v.a. [abapjan, Sax.] To make bare, uncover, or disclose. Diet. A B ARTICULATION, ab-ar-tlk-A-la'-shun. 290. 7i. s. [ab, from, and articuhts, a joint, Lat.] That species of articulation that has manifest motion. Diet. To ABA'SE§, a-base'. v.a. [abaisser, Fr.] To de- press ; to lower. Bacon. To cast down; to de- press; to bring low. Sidney. ABA'S ED, a-baste'.a. A term in heraldry , used of the wings of eagles, when the top looks downwards to- wards the point of the shield; or when the wings are shut. Chambers. ABATEMENT, a-base'-ment. n. s. The state of be- ing brought low ; the act of bringing low ; depres- sion. Ecclesiasticus. To ABA'SH §, a-bash/. v. a. [abaisser, Fr.] To put into confusion ; to make ashamed. It generally implies a sudden impression of shame. Milton. The passive admits the particle at, sometimes of, before the causal noun. Ecclesiasticus. ABA'SHMENT*, a-bash'-ment. n.s. The state of being ashamed. Skelton. Cause of confusion. Ellis. To ABATES, a-bate'. 645. v. a. [abbatre, Fr.] To lessen ; to diminish. Sir John Davies. To deject, or depress the mind. Spenser. To let down the price in selling ; sometimes to beat down the price in buying. Sir G. Paul. To ABATE, a-bate'. v. n. To grow less ; as, his passion abates ; the storm abates ; used sometimes with the particle of, oefore the thing lessened. Dryden. In common law, it is used both actively and neuterly ; as, to abate a castle, to beat it down. To abate a writ, is, by some exception, to defeat or overthrow it. Cowel. In horsemanship, a horse is said to abate or take down his curvets ; when working upon curvets, he puts his two hind- legs to the ground both at once, and observes the same exactness in all the times. Diet. ABATEMENT, a-bate'-ment.n. s. The act of abat- ing or lessening. Swift. The state of being abated. Arbuthnot. The sum or quantity taken away by the act of abating. Fell. The cause of abating ; extenuation. Atterbury. In law, the act of the abator; or the affection or passion of the thing abated ; as, abatement of the writ. Cowel. An accidental mark, which being added to a coat of arms, the dignity of it is abased. Dr. Spenser. ABATER, a-bi'-tfir. 98. n. s. The agent or caus*» by which an abatement is procured. More. ABA T1S*, [Fr.] A military term. It means trees cut down, and so laid as to form a defence for troops stationed behind them. ABATOR, a-ba'-tur. n. s. One who intrudes into houses or land, not entered upon by the legal heir. Diet. A'BATUDE, ab'-a-tude. n. s. Any thing diminish- ed. Bailey. A'BATURE, ab'-a-tshure. «. s. [abatre, Fr.] Sprigs of grass thrown down by a stag in his passing by, Dict.^ ABB, ab. n. s. The yarn on a weaver's warp. Chambers. A'BBA, ab'-ba, n. s. [3N, Heb.] A Syriack word which signifies father. Romans. ; A BBACY, ab'-ba-se. 542. n. s. The rights or priv- I ileges of an abbot. Ayliffe. ABBATIAL*, ab-ba'-shal. a. Relating to an ab- bey. Sir F. Eden. A'BBESS, ab'-bess. n. s. [abbatissa, Lat.] The supe- riour or governess of a nunnery or monastery ol women. SJuik. A'BBEY, or A'BBY, ab'-be. 270. n. s. [abbatia, Lat.] A monastery of religious persons, whether men or women, distinguished from religious houses of other denominations by larger privileges. Shak. A'BBEY-LUBBER, ab'-be-lSb-bur. n.s. A sloth- ful loiterer in a religious house, under pretence of retirement and austerity. Dryden. A'BBOT, ab'-but. 166. n.s. [abbas, lower Lat.] The chief of a convent, or fellowship of canons. Cowel. A'BBOTSHIP, ab'-but-shlp. n. s. The state of an abbot. Diet. To ABBREVIATE $, ab-bre'-ve-ate. 505. v. a. [ab- breviare, Lat.] To shorten by contraction of parts without loss of the main substance ; to abridge. Bacon. To shorten; to cut short. Brown. ABBREVIATE*, ab-bre'-ve-ate. n.s. An abridge- ment. Sir T. Elyot. ABBREVIATION, ab-bre-ve-a'-shun. n. s. The act of abbreviating. Smith. The means used to abbreviate, as characters signifying whole words ; words contracted. Swift. ABBREVIATOR, ab-bre-ve-a'-tur. 521. n.s. One who abbreviates or abridges. West. ABBRE'VIATORY*, ab-bre'-ve-a-tur-re. a. That which abbreviates or shortens. ABBREVIATURE, ab-bre y -ve-a-tshure. 461. n. s. A mark used for the sake of shortening. Brown. A compendium or abridgement. Bp. Taylor. ABBREUVOIR, ab-bruh-vwar'. [Fr.] A water- ing-place ; among masons, the joint or juncture of two stones, or the interstice between two stones to be filled up with mortar. Diet. ABBY. See Abbey. A, B, C, aye-be-se. The alphabet. Shak. The lit- tle book by which the elements of reading are taught. Shak. A'BDICANT*, ab'-de-kant. part. a. Abdicating, renouncing ; with of. Whitlock. To ABDICATE $, ab'-de-kate. 503. v. a. [abdico, Lat.] To give up right ; to resign, to lay down an office. Hall. To deprive of right. Burton. To A'BDICATE*, ab'-de-kate. v.n. To resign, to give up right. Swift. ABDICATION, ab-de-ka'-shun. n. s. The act of abdicating ; resignation. Swift. The act of re- nouncing any thing. L. Addison. Deprivation j rejection. Hammond. A'BDICATP7E, ab'-de-ka-tiy. 512. a. Causing or implying an abdication. Did. J)i/° Dr. Johnson places the accent on the first syllable of this word, and Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Perry on the second. The former is, in my opinion, the most cor- rect. W. A'BDITDTE, ab'-de-t?v. a. [abdo, Lat. to hide.] That which has the power or quality of hiding. Diet. A'BDITORY*, ab'-de-tur-re. n. s. [abditorium, low Lat.l A place to hide and preserve goods in. Cowel. ABDO'MENS, ab-d^-men. 503. 521. n. s. That 55 ABI ABL E7* 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ; ay, or leading away. Blackstone, lU'CTOR^-dW-lfa.m.n. s. [Lat.] Mus- cavity commonly called the lower venter or belly, containing the stomach, guts, liver, &c. Quiney. ABDOMINAL, ab-ddm'-me-nal. ) a. Relating to ABDOMINOUS, ab-d&m'-me-nfis. 5 the abdomen. To ABDV'CFA, ab-duse'. v.a. [abduco, Lat.] To draw to a different part; to withdraw one part from another. Brown. ABDU'CENT, ab-du'-sent. a. Those muscles which serve to open or pull back divers parts of the body. Diet. ABDU'CTION, ab-duk'-shun. n. s. The act of draw- ing apart, or withdrawing one part from another. Smith. , A particular form of argument. Taking awa ABD cles which serve to draw back the several mem- bers. Arbuthnot. ToABE'AR$*,a-bare'. [abaepan, Sax.] To bear 5 to behave ; to demean. Spenser. ABEARANCE*, a-bare'-anse. n. s. Behaviour, a technical term. Blackstone. ABECEDARIAN, a-be-se-da'-re-an. n. s. A teach- er of the alphabet, or first rudiments of literature. Cocker am. ABECEDARY, a'-be-se-der-e. a. Belonging to the alphabet. Inscribed with the alphabet. Brown, ABED, a-bed'. ad. In bed. Sidney. To bed. A vulgarism. Beaum. and Fl. ABE RRANCE §, ab-er'-ranse. ) n. s. [aberro, Lat.] ABE'RRANCY^ab-eV-ran-se. ) A deviation from the right way ; an errour ; a mistake. Brown. ABE'RRANT, ab-eV-rant. a. Deviating from the right way. Diet. ABERRATION, ab-gr-ra'-shun. n. s. Deviating from the common or right track. Glanville. ABE'RRING, ab-eV-r?ng. 410. part. Wandering, going astray. Sir T. Brown. ToABERU'NCATE,ab-e-run / -kate. 91. v. a. [avc- runco, Lat.] To pull up by the roots ; to extir- pate utterly. Diet. To ABE'T§, a-beV. v.a. [betan, Sax.] To push for- ward another; to support him in his designs by connivance, encouragement, or help. Cowel. ABET* a-bet'. n. s. The act of abetting or assisting. Chaucer. Ob. T. ABE'TMENT, a-beV-ment. n. s. The act of abet- ting. Wotton. ABE'TTER, or ABE'TTOR, a-beY-tur. 418. n.s. He that abets ; the supporter or encourager of an- other. Government of the Tongue.. ABEY'ANCE$, a-ba'-anse. n.s. The right of fee- simple lieth in abeyance, when it is all only in the remembrance, intendment, and consideration of the law. Blackstone. To AGGREGATE §*, ab'-gre-gate. [abgrego, Lat.] To lead out of the flock. Diet. ABGREGATION, ab-gre-ga/-shun. n.s. A sepa- ration from the flock. Diet. To ABHO'RS, ab-h6r'. 168. v. a. [abhorreo, Lat.] To hate with acrimony; to detest to extremity; to loathe ; to abominate. Shak. To disdain ; to neg- lect. Psalm xxii. With/ ro?n. A Latinism. Bp. Taylor. ABHO'RRENCE, ab-h6r'-rense. ) n. s. The act of ABHO'RRENCY,ab-h6r;-ren : se. $ abhorring; de- testation. South. The disposition to abhor; hatred. Decay of Piety. "With from. Barrow. ABHO'RRENT, ab-h6r'-rent. 168. a. Struck with abhorrence ; loathing. Thomson. Conn ary to ; for- eign; inconsistent with. It is used with the par- ticles from or to, but more properly with from. Glanville. ABHO'RRENTLY*, ab-hor'-rent-le. ad. In an ab- horrent manner. ABHO'RRER, ab-hSr'-rfir. 168. n. s. A hater, de- tester. Donne. ABHO'RRING, ab-hor'-rlng. n. s. The object or feeling of abhorrence. Donne. 7b ABIDE §, a-blde'. v. n. [abiban, Sax.] To stay in a place. Gen. xliv. To dwell. Sliak. To remain ; not to cease or fail. Psalm exxv. To con tinue in the same state. Prov. xix. To endure without offence. Bp. Hall. To ABIDE, a-blde'. v. a. To wait for, expect, at- tend. Spenser. To bear or support the conse- quences. Milton. To bear or support, without being destroyed. Woodward. To bear without, aversion. Sidney. To bear or suffer. Pope. ABLDER, a-bl'-dfir. 98. n. s. He that abides in a place. Sidney. ABIDING, a-bl'-dfng. 410. n. s. Continuance; stay. Raleigh. Formerly it signified remaining behind. Bai-ret. A'BJECTS, ab'-j&U. 492. a. Mean; worthless: spoken of persons, or their qualities. Shak. Lan- fuage, mean or low. Bp. Newcome. Being of no ope or regard. Milton. Mean and despicable. Dryden. A'BJECT, ab'-jekt. n. s. A man without hope; one of the lowest condition. Psalm xxxv. To ABJE'CT, ab-jekt'. 492. v. a. [abjicio, Lat.] To throw or cast away. Sir T. Elyol. To throw or cast down. Spenser. ABJE'CTEDNESS, ab-jekt'-ed-ness. n. s. The state of an abject. Boyle. ABJE'CTlON,ab-jeV-shfin. n.s. Meanness of mind; want of spirit. Hooker. The slate of being cast away, or lost. Bale. The state of being cast down. Bp. Taylor. The act of humbling ; humiliation. ABJECTLY, ab'-jekt-le. 452. ad. Meanly, basely. Tit. Andron. ABJECTNESS, ab'-jekt-ness. n.s. Abjection; meanness. Government oftlie Tongue. ABFLIMENT*, a-bll'-e-ment. n. s. See Habil- iment. It is also used for ability. Ford. N ABFLITY, a-bfl'-e-te. 482. n. s. [habilite, Fr J The power to do any thing. Sidney. Capacity ofmind : mental power. Dan. i. With the plural number, abilities, it frequently signifies the faculties of the mind. Swift. ABINTESTATE, ab-?n-teV-tate. a. [ab, from, and intestatus, Lat.] He that inherits from a man who did not make a will. ABJUDICATED §*, ab-ju'-de-ka-ted. part. a. Given by judgement from one to another. Diet. ABJUDICATION*, ab-ju-de-k. a. [abiego, Lat.] To scad abroad upon some employment. Did. ABLEGATION, ab-le-ga'-sh&n. n.s. The act of sending abroad. Diet. A'BLENESS, a'-bl-nes. n. s. Ability of body or mind, vigour, force. Sidney. Capability. Sheldon. A'BLEPSY, ab'-lep-se. 482. n.s. ['A(3\c^ia, Gr.] Want of sight; blindness; unadvisedness. Diet. ABLIG UR1TION , ab-le-gu-rfsh'-un. n. s. [abliguri- tio, Lat.] Prodigal expense on meat and drink. Diet. 7't)A / BLIGATE,abM6-gate. v. a. [abligo, Lat.] To tie up from. Diet. To ALLOCATE*, ab'-io-kate. v. a. [aJbloco, Lat.] To let out to hire. Calvin. ALLOCATION, abM6-ka-shun. n. s. A letting out to hire. To ABLU'DE, ab-lude'. v. n. [abludo, Lat.] To be unlike; to differ. Bp. Hall. A'BLUENT, ab'-lu-ent. a. [abluens, Lat. from ab- luo.] That which washes clean. That which has the power of cleansing. Diet. ABLUTION, ab-lu'-shun. n. s. The act of cleansing, or washing clean. Bp. Taijlor. The water used in washing. Pope. The rinsing of chymical prep- arations in water. The cup given, without conse- cration, to the laity in the popish churches. A'BLY*, a'-ble. ad. With ability. roA'BNEGATE^ab'-ne-gate. 91. v. a. [abnego, Lat.] To deny. De Lolrne. » ABNEGATION, ab-ne-ga'-shfin. n. s. Denial, re- nunciation. Hammond. A'BNEGATOR* ab'-ne-ga-tur. n. s. One who de- nies, renounces, or opposes any thing. Sir E. San- di/s. ABNODATION, ab-no-da'-shun. n.s. [abnodatio, Lat.] The act of cutting away knots from trees. Diet. ABNO'RMITY$, ab-nSr'-me-te. n. s. \abnormUas, i. e. enormitas, barb. Lat.] Irregularity; deformity. Diet. ABNO'RMOUS, ab-nSr'-mus. a. Irregular; missha- pen. Diet. ABO'ARD, a-b6rd'. 295. ad. [a bord, Fr.] In a ship. Spenser. Into a ship. Addison. ABO'ARD*, a-b6rd'. prep. On board; in; with. Beoujn. and Fl. ABOTJANCE*, a-b6 / -danse. An omen. Dr. Jackson. ABO'DE, a-b6de'. n. s. [bode or bod^Teut. a house.] Habitation; dwelling; place of residence. 2 Kings. Stay; continuance in a place. Shale. To moke abode. To dwell, to reside, to inhabit. Dry den. Stop; delay. Spenser. To ABO'DE'S, a-b6de'. v. a. [Sec Bode.] To fore- token or foreshow ; to be a prognostics:. Shak. To ABCKDE*, a-b6de'. v.n. To be an omen. Decay of Christ. Piety. ABO'DEMENT, a-b6de'-ment. n. s. A secret an- ticipation of something future. Sliak. ABO'DING*, a-bo'-drng. n. s. Presentiment ; prog- nostication. Bp. Bull. ABOLE'TE*, ab-6-lete'. a. [abolitus, Lat.] Old; out of use. Diet. To ABOLISH $, a-b&l'-llsh. v. a. [aJjoleo, Lat.] To annul ; to make void. Applied to laws or institu- tions. Hooker. To put an end to ; to destroy. Sir John Hayward. ABO'LISHABLE, a-b&l'-flsh-a-bl. a. That which mav be abolished. Cotgrave. ABO'LISHER, a-bolMlsh-ur. 91. n.s. He that abol- ishes. ABO'LISKxMENT, a-b&l'-fish-ment. n. s. The act of abolishing. Hooker. ABOLITION, ab-o-llsh'-un. 544. n. s. The act of abolishing. Cranmer. ABO'MINABLE, a-bdm'-e-na-bl. a. [abominabilis, Lat.] Hateful, detestable; to be loathed. Milton. Unclean. Leviticus, vii. In low and ludicrous lan- guage, it is a word of loose and indeterminate cen- sure. Shak. ABO'MINABLENESS, a-bom'-e-na-bl-nes. 501. n. s. Hatefulness ; odiousness. Bentley. ABO'MINABLY, a-bom'-e-na-ble. ad. Excessive- ly; extremely; exceedingly; in an ill sense. Bp. HaU. To ABO'MINATES, a-b&m'-e-nate. v. a. To abhor, detest, hate utterly. Southern. ABOMINATION, a-bom-e-na'-shun. n.s. Hatred; detestation. Swift. The object of hatred. Genesis. Pollution; defilement. Rev. xxi. Wickedness; hateful or shameful vice. Shale. The cause of pollution. 2 Kings, xxiii. ABO'RDS*, a-bord'. n.s. [abord, Fr.] Address; sal- utation ; approach. Sir K. Digby. To ABO'RD*, a-b6rd ; . v. a. To approach ; to come near to. Tr. of Soliman and Perseda. ABORIGINAL*, ab-6-rldjV-e-nal. a. Primitive; pristine. Swinburne. ABORIGINES, ab-6-r?dje'-e-nez. n. s. [Lat.] The earliest inhabitants of a country; those of whom no original is to be traced : as the Welsh in Britain. Selden. ABO'RSEMENT*, a-borse'-ment. n. s. Abortion. Bp. Hall. To ABO'RT $, a-bort 7 . t>. n. [aborto, Lat.] To bring forth before the time ; to miscarry. Ld. Herbert. ABO'RT*, a-b6rt'. n. s. An abortion. Burton. ABO'RTION, a-b&r'-shun. n. s. The act of bring- ing forth untimely. Sandys. The produce of an untimely birth. Arbuthnot. ABOTtTlVE. a-bfir'tly. 157. n.s. That which is born before the due time. Shale. ABO'RTIVE, a-bdrMlv. a. That which is brought forth before the due time of birth. Sliak. Figura- tively, that which fails for want of time. Sliak. That which brings forth nothing. Milton. That which fails or miscarries, from whatever cause. South. ABO'RTWELY, a-bSr'-uV-le. ad. Born without the due time; immaturely; untimely. Young. ABO'RTIVENESS, a-b6rMlv-nes. n. s. The state of abortion. ABO'RTMENT, a-b6rt'-ment. n.s. An untimely birth. Bacon. ABO'VES, a-buv'. 1G5. prep, [on upa, abupe, abupan, Sax.] To a higher place; m a higher place. Dryden. More in quantity or number. Exodus. In or to a superiour degree. Psalm cxiii. In a state of being superiour to ; unattaina- ble by. Swift. Beyond; more than. 2 Cor. i. Too proud for ; too high for. Pope. ABO'VE, a-bfiv'. ad. Over-head ; in a higher place. Bacon. In the regions of heaven. Pope. Before. Dryden. Chief in rank or power. Deut. xxviii. ABOVE ALL, a-buv-alF. In the first place ; chief- ly. Dryden. ABOVE-BOARD, a-buv'-bord. In open sight; with- out artifice or trick. U Estrange. Without disguise or concealment. South. ABOVE-CITED, a-buv'-sl-ted. Cited before. Addi- son.. ABOVE-GROUND, a-bov'-grS&nd. Used to sig- nifv alive ; not in the grave. Beaum. and Fl. ABOVE-MENTIONED, a-buv'-men-shund. See Above-cited. Addison. To ABOUND §, a-bSund'. 545. v. n. [dbwndo, Lat.] To have in great plenty. Shak. To be in great plenty. Matthew. ABOUNDING*, a-bound'-mg. n. s. Increase. South. ABOUT §, a-bdul'. 545. prep, [abufcan, or abucon, Sax.] Round, surrounding, encircling. Proverbs. Near to. Exodus. Concerning, with regard to, relating to. Hooker. In a state of being, engaged in, or employed upon. Bp. Taylor. Appendant to the person, as clothes. Milton. Relating to the person, as a servant. Sidney. Relating to person, as an act or office. SJuik. ABOTITfya-bdut'. ad. Circularly, in a round. Shak. In circuit, in compass. Shak. Nearly. Bacon. Here and there; every way. Spenser. With to before a verb; as, about to fly, upon the point. Waller. Round; the longest way, in opposition to the short straight way. Bacon. To bringabout ; to bring to the point desired. Spectator. To come about; to come to some certain state or point. 1 57 ABS ABS O 3 559.— Kite, far, fall, fat ;— me met ;— pine, pfn ;— £<»«. i. 2'o go about ; to prepare to do it. Jo/m, vii. ABP. for Archbishop 5 which see. ABRACADABRA, ab-ra-ka-diib'-ra. A supersti- tious charm against agues. Aubrey. To ABRA'DE$, a-brade'. v. a. [abrado, Lat.] To rub oft"; to waste by degrees. Hale. To ABRA'ID§*, a-brade'. v. a. [abpaeban, Sax.] To rouse ; to awake. Ob. T. ABRA'SION,a-bra'-zhun. n.s. The act of abrading or rubbing off. In medicine : the wearing away of the natural mucus of certain membranes. Quin- cy. The matter worn off by the attrition of bodies. Bp. Berkeley. ABRE'AST, a-brest'. 545. ad. Side by side. Sliak. ABRENUINClA'TION^ab-re-nun-she-a'-shfin. n. s. [abrenuntiatio, barb. Lat.] The act of renouncing. Mede. ABRF/PTION*, ab-rep'-shun. 71. s. [ohripio, Lat.] The state of being carried away. Hallywell. ABRICOCK. n.s. See Apricot. To ABRFDGE$, a-bridje'. v. a. [abreger,Fr.] To make shorter in words. 2 Mace. ii. To contract ; to diminish. Locke. To deprive of; to cut off from. Shak. ABRFDGED OF, a-brldjd'-6v. 359. part. Deprived of; debarred from. ABRFDGER, a-brld'-jur. n. s. He that abridges; a shortener. XVintipck; A writer of compendiums or abridgements. Fulfce. ABRIDGEMENT, a-brMje'-ment. n. s. The epit- ome of a larger work contracted into a small com- pass; acompend; a summary. Hooker. A dimi- nution in general. Donne. Contraction; reduction Locke. Restraint from any thing pleasing. South. To ABRO'ACH^*, a-brotsh'. 295. v. a. [abpaacan, Sax.] To tap ; to set abroach. Chancer. Ob. T. ABRO'ACH, a-br6tsh'. ad. In a posture to run out, properly spoken of vessels. Dryden. In a state to be diffused or extended. Shale. To ABROAD $*, a-brawd'. v. n. [abpaeban, Sax.] To extend; to issue; to be dispersed. Leaver. Ob. T. ABRO' AD, a-brawd'. 295. ad. [abpaeban, Sax. verb.] Without confinement; widely ; at large. Milton. Out of the house. Shak. In another country. Hooker. In all directions, this way and that. Dryden. With- out, not within. Hooker. 5To ABROGATE $,ab'-r6-gate. 91. v. a. [abrogo, Lat.] To repeal, to annul. Hooker. ABROGATE* ab'-ro-gate. part. a. Annulled ; abolished. K.Edw.VI. Ini. Sp. ABROGATION, ab-rd-ga/-shun. n. s. The act of abrogating ; the repeal of a law. Clarendon. ABRO'OD^a-broOd'. ad. In the action of brood- ing. Abp. Sancroft. ABRO'ODING*, a-brood'-Ing. n. s. Sitting abrood. Barret. To ABRO'OK, a-brook 7 . v. a. To brook, to bear, to endure. Shak. Ob. J. ABRUBT$, ab-r&pt'. a. Broken, craggy. Thomson. Divided, without any thing intervening. Milton. Sudden, without the customary or proper prepara- tives. Shak. Unconnected. B. Jonson. To ABRUPT*, ab-rupt'. v. a. To disturb ; to in- terrupt. Broivn. ABRUPTION, ab-rV-sliQu- n.s. Breaking off; violent and sudden separation. Woodward. ABRUPTLY, ab-rfiplMe. ad. Hastily; without the due forms of preparation. Sidney. Ruggedly; un- evenly. Maundrell. ABRUPTNESS, ab-rfipt'-ness. n. s. An abrupt man- ner; haste; suddenness. Cheynel. Roughness; cragginess; as of a fragment violently disjoined. Woodward. ABSCESS, ab'-s^ss. n. s. [abscessus, Lat.] A tumour filled with matter. Arbuthnot. [stu. To ABSCFND$, ab-s'md'. v. a. To cut off. John- ABSC1SS*, ab'-s?s, or ABSCISSA, ab-sis'-sa. n. s. [Lat.] Part of the diameter of a conick section, intercepted between the vertex and a semi-ordi- nate. Bp. Berkeley, ABSCFSSION, ab-sfzh'-fin. n.s. [afjscissio, Lat.] The act of cutting off. Wisenwm. The act of dis- annulling. Bp. Taylor. The state of being cut off Brown. §5= I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in marking the 6-* in this word; and, I think, with the best usage on my side. Thougli double s is almost always pro- nounced sharp and hissing, yet when a sharps precedes, it seems more agreeable to the ear to pronounce the suc- ceeding s flat. Thus, thougli the termination ition is always sharp, yet, because the 5 in transition is neces- sarily sharp, the t goes into the flat sound, as if written transizhion, which see. W. To ABSCO'ND§* ab-skond'. v. a. [abscondo, Lat.] To conceal. Hewyl. To ABSCO'ND, ab-sk6nd'. v. n. To hide one's self. Ray. ABSCONDER, ab-skon'-d&r. n. s. He that ab- sconds. ABSENCE, ab'-sense. n. s. The state cf being absent, opposed to presence. Sliak. Want of appearance, in the legal sense. Aylitje. Inatten tion; neglect of the present object. Addison. ABSENTS, ab'-sent. 492. a. [absens, Lat.] Not pres- ent ; used with the particle from. Pope. Absent in mind; inattentive. Addison. To ABSE'NT, ab-sent'. v. a. To forbear to come into presence. Sliak. ABSENTA'NEOUS, ab-sen-ta'-ne-us. a. Relating to absence ; absent. Diet. ABSENTE'E, ab-sen-te'. n. s. He that is absent from his station. Sir John Domes. ABSE'NTER*, ab-sen'-tur. n, s. He that is absent from his duty. Ld. Ch. Tlmrlow. ABSE'NTMENT*, ab-sent'-ment. n. s. The state of being absent. Barrow. ABSFNTHIAN* ab-sin'-the-an. a. [from absinthi- um.'] Of the nature of wormwood. Randolph. ABSFNTHIATED/db-sln'-tfte-a-ted. part. Impreg- nated with wormwood. Diet. ABSFNTH1UM*, ab-sh'-the-hm. n. s. Wormwood. To ABSFST, ab-sist'. v. n. [absisto, Lat.] To stand off, to leave off. Diet. ABSO'LVATORY*, ab-sfil'-va-tur-re, a. Relative to pardon; forgiving. Cotqrave. To ABSO'LVE §, ab-zolv'. 448. v. a. [absolve, Lat.] To clear ; to acquit. Shales. To set free from an engagement. Waller. To pronounce sin re milled. Pope. To finish ; to complete. Milton. ABSO'LVER* ab-zol'-vur. n. s. lie who proncun ces sin remitted. More. ABSOLUTE §, ab'-s6-lule. 448. [See Domestick.] a. {absolutus, Lat.J Complete ; applied as well to per- sons as things. Hooker. Unconditional ; as an ab- solute promise. South. Not relative; as, absolute. space. Stillingfleet. Not limited; as, absolute power Dryden. Positive, certain; without any hesitation Sliak. J ABSOLUTELY, ab'-s6-lute-le. ad. Completely; without restriction. Sidney. Without relation; hi a state unconnected. Hooker. Without limits or dependance. Dryden. Without condition. Hook er. Peremptorily ; positively. Milton. ABSOLUTENESS, ab'-so-lute-nes. n. s. Com- pleteness or perfection. Bp. Rust. Freedom from dependance, or limits. Clarendon. Despotism. Ba CO) I. ABSOLUTION, ab-s6-UV-shun. n.s. Acquittal. Ay lij)e. The remission of sins. South. Delivery ; pronunciation. B. Jonson. ABSOLUTORY, ab-sol'-u-tfir-re. a. That which absolves. Ayliffe. £5= In the first edition of this T Walker's] Dictionary, I followed the accentuation of Johnson and Ash in this word, and placed the stress upon the first syllable, con- trary to what I had done some years before in the Rhyming Dictionary, where I had placed the accent on the second, and which was the accentuation adopted by Mr. Sheridan. Upon a nearer inspection of the analogies of the language, I find this the preferable mode of marking it, as words in this termination, though very irregular, generally follow the stress of the corresponding noun or verb; and consequently this word ought to have the same accent as absolve. whi«b 58 ABS ABU — no, mdvc, n6r, not; lube, tub, bull; — oi'1 ; — pOund; — Min, t is the more immediate relation of the word in question, and not the accent of absolute, which is the most dis- tant. 519. Kcnrick, W> Johnston, Entick, and Nares, have not inserted this word ; and Mr. J'rrry very im- properly accents it upon the third syllable. TV. A'BSONANTS, ab'-so-nant. 54ft. a. [See Abso- SOUS.] Contrary to reason ; wide from the pur- pose. Quarks. A BSONOUS, ab'-s6-nus. a. [absonus, Lat.] Ab- surd ; contrary to reason. GlanviUe. Unmusical, or untunable. 'Fotherby. To ABSORB^, ab-sorb'.v.a. To swallow up. Bur- ns/. To suck up. Bacon. ABSCRBENT, Ib-sdr'-bent. n.s. A medicine that drtes up superfluous moisture, or raises an eft'er- vescence with acids. Quiwy. ABSORBENT*, ilb-sor -bent. a. That which ab- sorhs. ABSORBI'TION* ab-s&r-bJsh'-fin. n. s. Absorp- tion. Sir T. Brown. ABSO'RPT, ab-s6rpt'. part. Swallowed up. Pope. ABSO'RPTION, ab-sorp'-shun. n. s. The act of swallowing up. Burnet. The stale of being Swal- lowed up. Warburton. To ABSTAIN}, ab-stane'. v. n. [abstineo, Lap.] To keep from; to hinder; to forbear. Milton. ABSTEMIOUS $, ab-ste'-me-fe. a. [abstemius, Lat.] Temperate; sober; abstinent. Arlndknot. ABSTEMIOUSLY, ab-ste'-me-fis-le. ad. Tempe- rately; soberly. Whiston. ABSTEMIOUSNESS, ab-ste'-me-tis-ness. 534, n. s. The quality of being' abstemious. Sir T. Herbert. ABSTE'NTIONjab-sten'-shun. n.s. The act of re- straining. Bp. Taylor. To ABSTE'RGE §, ab-sterje'. v. a. [abstergo, Lat.] To wipe. ABSTE'RGENT, ub-steV-jent. a. Having a cleans- Disro- mg quality. ToABSTE'RSE, ab-steW. v. a. To cleanse; to purify. Brown. ABSTE'RSION, ab-suV-shun. n. s. The act of cleansing. Bacon. ABSTE'RSIVE*ab-suV-s'i"v. n. s. A cleanser. Sir W. Petty. ABSTE'RSIVE, ab-sleV-slv. 428. a. Having the quality of cleansing. Bacon. ABSTINENCE, ab'-ste-nense. ) n.s. [abstinentm, ABSTINENCY, ab'-ste-nen-se. \ Lat.] Forbear- ance of any thing ; with the particle from. Locke. Fastinsr, or forbearance of necessary food. Sliak. ABSTINENT, ab'-ste-nent. a. That uses absti- nence. Hales. ABSTINENTLY* ab'-ste-nent-le. ad. Temperate- lv. Donne. ABSTO'RTED, ab-storl'-ed. a. [abstortus, Lat.] Forced away ; wrung from another by violence. Did. To ABSTRACTS, ab-strakt'. v. a. [abstraho, Lat.] To take one thing from another. Decay of Piety. To separate by distillation. Boyle. To separate ideas. Locke. To reduce to an epitome. Watts. ABSTRACT, ab'-strakt. a. Separated from some- thing else, generally used with relation to men- tal perceptions ; as, abstract mathematicks, ab- stract terms. WiUcins. With the particle from. Locke. Refined; pure. Donne. ABSTRACT, ab'-strakt. 492. n. s. A smaller quan- tity, containing the virtue or power of a greater. S'uxJe. An epitome. Watts. The state of being abstracted, or disjoined. Wot/on. ABSTRACTED, ab-strak'-ted. part. a. Separat- ed ; disjoined. Milton. Refined ; purified. Donne. Abstruse ; difficult. Absent of mind ; as, an ab- stracted scholar. Warton. ABSTRACTEDLY^b-slrak'-ted-le.flc*. With ab- straction ; simply. Dryden. ABSTRACTEDNESS*, ab-strak'-led-nes. n. s. The state of being abstracted. Baxter. ABSTRACTER*, ab-strak'-tfir. n. s. He who makes an abstract, epitome, or note. Mannynsrham. ABSTRACTION, ab-strak'-sh&n. n. s. The act of abstracting. Watts. The state of being abstracted. j Burton. Absence of mind ; inattention. \ ffard of worldly objects. Warton. ABSTRACTIVE, ab-strak'-tlv. a. Having the t power of abstracting. | ABSTRACTIVELY*, ab-strak'-tlv-Je. ad. In an abstractive manner. I ABSTRACTLY, ab-strakt'-le. ad. In an abstract maimer ; absolutely ; without reference to any thing else. Drummond. I ABSTRACTNESS, ab-strakt'-nes. n.s. Subtilty; separation from all matter or common notion. I Locke. 'ABSTRICTED. ab-strik'-ted, part. a. [abstridus, Lat.] Unbound. Diet'. To ABSTRI'NGE*. ab-strmjc'. v. a. To unbind. Diet. To ABSTRU'DE*, abs-trood'.i\a. [abstrudo, Lat.] To thrust or pull away. Did. ABSTRUSE 9, ab-struse'. 427. a. Hidden, remote from view. Milton. Difficult; remote from concep- tion or apprehension. Milton. ABSTRUSELY, ab-striise'-le. ad. Obscurely ; not plainly, ov obviously. ABSTRU SENESS, ab-struse'-ness. n. s. Diffi- culty ; obscurity. Boi/le. ABSTRUSITY,* ab-stfu'-se-te. 511. n. s. Abstruse- ness ; that which is abstruse. Brown. !ToABSU y ME§, ab-srW.».«. [abswno, Lat.] To bring to an end by a gradual waste ; to eat up. Hale. Uncommon. ABSU'RDi*. ab-siird / . a. [absurdus, Lat.] Unreason- able; without judgement; as used of men. Bacon. Inconsistent; contrary to reason: used of senti- ments or practices. South. ABSU'RDlTY, ab-siV-de-te. 511. n.s. The quality of beinff absurd. Locke. That which is absurd : in which case it has a plural. Addison. Fully stor- un- reasonablv. Swift. ABSUBDNESS, ab-surd'-nes. n. s. The qual- ity of being absurd; injudiciousness ; impropriety. Dr. Cave. ABU'NDANCE ^a-bnn'-danse. n. s. [abondance, Fr.] Plenty; a sense chiefly poetical. Crashaw. Great numbers. Addison. A great quantity. Raleigh. Exuberance ; more than enough. Spenser. ABU'NDANT^i-bun'-dant. a. [abandons, Lat.] Plen- tiful. Milton. Exuberant. Arbuthnot. Fully ed. Burnet. Exod. xxxiv. 6". ABUNDANTLY, a-bfin'-dant-le. ad. In plenty, Genesis, i. Amply; liberally; more than suffi- ciently. Sjffat. i ABUSAGE* a-bu'-zldje. n. s. Abuse. Whaleleu. Ob. T. To ABUSES, a-buze ; . 437. v. a. [abutor, alnmis, Lat.] To make an ill use of. 1 Cor. vii. To vio- late ; to defile. Spenser. To deceive ; to impose upon. Shak. To treat with rudeness ; to reproach. Shakspeare. ABUSE, a-buse'. 437. n.s. The ill use of anything 1 . Hooker. A corrupt practice; bad custom." Swift. Sedueement. Sidney. Unjust censure; rude re- proach; contumely. Milton. ABUSER, a-biV-zfiY. n. s. He that makes an ill use. Milton. He that deceives. Denham. He that re- proaches with rudeness. Dr. Brown. A ravisher - a violator. Spenser. ABIPSEFUL*, a-buse'-fTil. a. Abusive. Bp. Bar low. ABU'SION^a-biV-zhun. n.s. [abusion, old French.] Corrupt or improper usage. Acts of Pari, xxxiii 23 Hen. 8. Reproach. Spenser. Ob. T. ABUSIVE, a-biV-siv. 428. a. Practising abuse. Mil- ton. Containing abuse; as, an abusive lampoon. Roscommon. Deceitful. Bacon, ABUSIVELY, a-bu'-slv-le. ad. Improperly ; by a wrong use. Boyle. Reproachfully. ABUSlVENESS, a-biV-sfv-nes. n. s. The quality of being abusive. Milton. To ABU'T §, a-bflt''. v. n. [cdmdir, Fr.] To end at ; to border upon ; to meet, or approach to ; with the particle upon. SJiakspeare. 59 a6a ACA ITT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel;— pine, pin ;- ABU'TMENT, a-bat'-ment. n. s. That which abuts or borders upon another. Bryant. ABU'TTAL, a-bftt'-tal. n. s. The butting or boun- daries of any land. Spelnmn. To ABY*, a-br. v. a. To endure. Spenser. To pay dearly ; to suffer for it. Spenser. To ABY*, a-bi'. v. n. To remain, [abiban, Sax.] Spenser. To pay; as the active verb is usecl. Spenser. ABY'SM, a-bfzm'. n. s. [abysme, old Fr.now written abime.] A gulf; the same with abyss. Shakspeare. ABY'SS, a-blss'. 71. s. [abyssus, Lat.] A depth with- out bottom. Milton. A great depth; a gulf: hy- [)erbolically. Dry den. That in which any thing is ost. Dryden, Juv. The body of waters supposed at the centre of the earth. Burnet. In the lan- guage of divines, hell. Roscommon. AC, AK, or AKE, being initials in the names of places, as Acton,^ signify an oak, from the Sax- on ac, an oak. Gibson. ACA' CIA, a-ka'-she-a. 505. n.s. [Lat.] A drug brought from Egypt. A tree commonly so called here, though different from that which produces the true acacia. Millar. ACADE'ME §*, ak-a-deenV. n. s. [academia, Lat.] A society of persons. Shale. The Academy ; a school of philosophy. Peacham. ACADE'MIAL, ak-a-de'-me-al. a. Relating to an academy. ACADE'MIAN, ak-a-de'-me-an. n. s. A scholar of an academy or university. Life of A. Wood. ACADE'MICAL, ak-a-deW-me-kal. a. Belonging to a university. Wotton. Relating to the philoso- phy of the academy. Smith. ACADEMICALLY*, ak-a-clem'-me-kal-le. ad. In an academical manner. Cabalistical Dialogue. ACADEMICIAN, ak-ka-de-mlsh'-an. n. s. The member of an academy. Swinburne. ACADE'MICK^ak-a-dem'-lk. 508. n. s. A student of a university. Watts. An academick philosopher. Milton. ACADE'MICK, ak-ka-deW-ik. a. Relating to a university. Pope. Applicable to a particular phi- losophy. Harris. ACA'DEMISM* a-kad'-de-mizm. n. s. The doc- trine of the academical philosophy. Baxter. ACA'DEMIST, a-kad'-de-mlst, or ak'-a-dem-lst. n.s. The member of an acadenry. Ray. An academi- cal philosopher. Baxter. ACA'DEMY^.a-kad'-de-me, or ak'-a-dem-e. n.s. An assembly or society of men, uniting for the promo- tion of some art. Millon. The places where sci- ences are taught. Dryden. A university. Burton. A place of education, in contradistinction to the universities or publick schools. Burton. The acade- my ; the school of philosophy. South. $£?* Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word was aneiently and properly accented on the first syllable, though now frequently on the second. That, it was accented on the first syllable till within these few years, is pret- ty generally remembered ; and if Shakspeare did not, by poetical license, violate the accentuation of his time, it was certainly pronounced so two centuries ago, as appears by Dr. Johnson's quotation of him : " Our court shall be a little academy, "Still and contemplative in living arts." Love's Labour Lost. And in Ben Jonson's New Inn we find the same accen- tuation : — " Every house became " An academy of honour, and those parts " We see departed." But the accentuation of this word formerly, on the first syllable, is so generally acknowledged, as not to stand in need of poetick authority. The question is, whether this accentuation, or that which places the stress on the second syllable, is the most proper? To wave, therefore, the authority of custom, which precludes all reasoning on language, and reduces the dispute to a mere matter of fact, it may be presumed that whatever £2 agreeable to the most general usage of the language in si- milar words, is the most proper in this ; and it it appears that general usage, in similar words, is in favour of the old pronunciation, it must certainly, for that reason, be allowed to be the best. And first it may be observed, that as our language is almost as averse to the accent on the last syllable, as the Latin, it is a general cus- tom with us, when we adopt a word from the Latin, and abridge it of one or two of its syllables, to remove the accent at least a syllable higher than it was in the original language, that the accent, when the word is naturalized, may not rest on the last. Thus of Homc- rus, we make Homer ; of Virg'ilius, Vkrgil ; and of Hordtius, Hdrace .- Hyacinthus, altered to° Hy'acinth, removes the accent two syllables higher ; and cccremo- nia, become ceremony, does the same ; and no law, that I know of, forbids us to accent academia, or, if you will, knabnuia, when turned into academy, on the drst syllable, as it was constantly accented by our ances- tors ; who, receiving Greek through the medium of Latin, generally pronounced Greek words according to the Latin analogy, and therefore necessarily placecf tho accent of academia on the third syllable, which, when reduced to academy, required the accent to be removed higher. But how, it will be said, does this account for placing the accent on the first syllable of the English word acade- my, rather than the second ? To this it may be answer- ed, that the numberless instances of preference given by the accent to the first syllable in similar words, such as melancholy, parsimony, dilatory, &c. might be a sufficient authority without any other reason. But, perhaps, it will be pardoned me if I go farther, and hazard a supposition, that seems to account for tho very common practice of placing the accent of so many of the longer polysyllables from the Latin on the first or second syllable. Though in the Latin there never was more than one accent upon a word, yet, in our pronunciation of Latin, we commonly place an accent on alternate syllables, as in our own words ; and when the Latin word, by being anglicised, becomes shorter, the alternate accent becomes the principal. Thus, in pronouncing the Latin word academia, the English naturally pkee an accent on the first and third syllables, as if divided into ac-a-de-mi-a ; so that when the word becomes anglicised into dc-a-de-my, the first syllable retains the accent it had when the word was Latin. On tho other hand, it may be conjectured with some probability, that a fondness for pronouncing like the French has been the occasion of the alteration. As the English ever suppose the French place the accent on the last syllable, in endeavouring to pronounce this word after their manner, the stress must naturally fall on the second and last syllables, as if divided into a-edd-a-mie ; and from an imitation of this, it is pro- bable, the present pronunciation of the word was pro- duced. Thus we liavo a very probable reason why so many of our longer words from the Latin are accented so near the beginning ; as, in this mode of pronouncing them, they seem to retain one of the accents of tho original. Hence the long train of words, voluntary, comparable, disputable, admirable, &c. have the accent on the first syllable, becauso, in pronouncing the words roluntarius, comparabilis, disputabilis, admirabili;, &c. we commonly lay a stress upon the first, as well as the third syllable As to the analogy, as Mr. Sheridan pretends, of pronouncing this word with the accent on the second syllable, because words ending in my have the accent on the antepenultimate, nothing can be more ill-founded. True it is, that words of this termi- nation never have the accent on the penultimate ; but that, for this reason, they must necessarily have the accent on the antepenultimate, I cannot well compro hend. If polygamy, economy, astronomy, &c. 513 have their accent on the antepenultimate, it arises from the nature of the terminations ; which being, as it were, a species, and applicable to a thousand other words, have, like logy and gravity, the accent always on tho preceding syllable ; which seems best to unite the compound into one word : but academy, being a simple, is subject to no such rule, and seems naturally to in- cline to a different analogy of pronunciation. Thus- Dr. Johnson seems to have decided justly in saying the word academy ought to have the accent on the first syl- lable ; though present usage, it must be confessed,, seems to lead to the contrary pronunciation. W. ACANTHUS, a-kan'-tfi&s. 470. n. s. [Lat.] The herb bears-breech ; the model of the foliage on the Corinthian chapiter. Millon. ACATALE'CTICK, a-kat-a-lek'-tik. n. s. [awm- Xtjktikos. Gr.] A verse which has the complete number of syllables, without defect or superfluity. ACATALE'PSIA*, a-kat-a-ley-se-a. n.s. [d™- ra\r]ip la. Gr.] Impossibility of complete discovery Whitlock. 60 AGC ACC — 116, move, ndr, not ;— tftbe, tub, bull ; — oil ; pound;— thin, this. ABATER*, a-ka'-tiir. 7«. s. Provider or purchaser of provisions. Chaucer. Ob. T. ACATES*, a-katz'. n.s. [acat, aelutt, old Fr.] Pro visions ; victuals ; viands : in more modern Ian ffuage, &fes. Spenser. To ACCE'DE$, ak-sede'. v.n. [accedo, Lat.] To be added to; to come to. Aylije. To come over; to assent. Bryant. To ACCE'LERATE y. ak-selMor-ate. r. a. [accelero, Lat.] To hasten ; to quicken motion. Bacon. ACCELERATION, ak-sel-lur-a'-shun. 555. n. s. Tlie act of quickening- motion. The state of the body accelerated, or quickened. Hale. The act of hastening*. Brown. ACCE'LERATIVE*, ak-sel'-l&r-a-tlv. a. Increas- ing the velocity of progression. Reid. To XCCIv'NDy", iik-send 7 . v. a. [accendo, Lat.] To kindle ; to set on lire. Decay of Piety. ACCESSION, ak-sen'-shun. n. s. The act of kin- dling. Woodward. A'CCENT$, ak'-sent. 4C6. n.s. [accentus, Lat.] The manner of speaking or pronouncing with force or elegance. Shak. The sound given to the syl- lable pronounced. Shak. The marks upon syl- lables to regulate their pronunciation. Holder. Poetically, language or words. Shak. A mod- ification of the voice, expressive of the passions or sentiments. Prior. To ACCENTS, ak-sent'. 492. r. a. To pronounce; to speak with particular regard to the grammatical marks or rules. Locke. In poetry,, to pronounce or utter in general. Wotton. To write or note the accents. ACCENTUAL*, ak-seV-tshu-al. 4G3. a. Rhythmi- cal; relating to accent. Mason. To ACCENTUATE, ak-sen'-tshu-ate. 461. v. a. To place the proper accents over the vowels. ACCENTUATION, ak-sen-tshu-a'-shun. n. s. The act of placing the accent in pronunciation or writ- ing. Lowth. To ACCE'PTy, ak-sept'. «.a. [accipio, Lat. accept- er, Fr.] To take with pleasure ; to receive kind- Iv ; to admit with approbation. Malachi, i. In a kind of juridical sense; as, to accept terms, ac- cept a treaty. Sidney. In the language of the Bi- ble, to accept persons, is to act with personal and partial regard. Job, xiii. It is sometimes used with the particle of. Genesis, xxxii. To acknowl- edge, in a commercial sense. Shelton. ACCEPTABILITY, ak-sep-ul-bii'-le-te. n.s. The qualitv of being acceptable. Bp. Taylor. ACCEPTABLE, ak'-sep-ta-bl. a. Likely to be accepted; grateful; pleasing. Milton. $2r" Within these twenty years this word has shifted its accent from tiic second to the first syllable. There arc now few polite speakers, who do not pronounce it ac'- eeptable ; and it is much to be regretted that this pro- nunciation is become so general; for where consonants of so different an organ as p and t arc near the end of a word, the word is pronounced with much more diffi- culty when the accent is removed higher, than when it is arrested by these letters; for, in this case, the force which accompanies the accent facilitates the organs in their transition from the formation of the one letter to the other. As nature, therefore, directs us to place the accent upon these consonants in all words ending in active, ectivc, ictivc, active, and uctive ; actiblc, cctiblc, actible, and uctiblc ; so we ought to listen to the same voice in pronouncing acceptable, susceptible, corrupti- ble, with the accent on the second syllable. See COM- MEND AI5LE. W. ACCE'PTABLENESS, ak'-sep-la-bl-nes. n. s. The qualitv of being acceptable. Grew. ACCEPTABLY, ak'-sep-ta-ble. a. In an accepta- ble manner. Bp. Taylor. ACCEPTANCE, ak-sep'-tanse. n. s. Reception with approbation. Spenser. The meaning of a word as it is understood. South. ACCEPTANCE, ak-sep'-tanse. n . s. The ac- knowledgement of being accountable for the pay- ment of a sum at a given period. ACCEPTATION, alc-sep-ta'-shun. n. s. Recep- tion, whether good or bad. Oh J. Sidney, b. ii. That which may Good reception ; acceptance. Raleigh. The state of being acceptable ; regard. Locke. Accept- ance in the juridical sense. South. The meaning of a word, as commonly received. Clarendon. ACCE'PTER, ak-sep'-tilr. 98. n. s. He that ac- cepts. Chillim? worth. ACCEPTILA'TlON, ak-sep'-te-la-shan. n. s. [ac- cepti/atio, Lat.] The remission of a debt by an acquittance from the creditor, testifying the receipt of money which has never been paid Cotgrave. ACCETTION, ak-sey-shfin. n. s. The received sense of a word. Hammond. Acceptance ; the slate of being accepted. Homilies. ACCETTIVE*, ak-sey-tiv. a. Ready to accept. B. Jonson. ACCESS y, ak-sGss'. n. s. \accessus, or accessio, Lat.] The way by which any thing may be approached. Bacon.. The means or liberty of approaching. Shak. Increase ; enlargement ; addition. Bacon. The returns or fits of a distemper. Chaucer. §£?* This word is sometimes heard with the accent on tho first syllable : " Hail, water-gruel, healing power, " Of easy access to the poor !" But this pronunciation ought to be avoided as contrary to analogy, and the general usage of the language ; as may be seen in Johnson under the word. W. A'CCESSARILY* ak'-s&s-sa-re-le.arf. In the man- ner of an accessary, Minsheu. A'CCESSARINES'S, ak'-ses-sa-re-nes. n. s. The state of being accessary. Decay of Piety. ACCESSARY, ak'-ses-sa-re. a. That which, with- out being the chief constituent of a crime, contrib- utes to it. Hooker. ACCESSARY*, ak'-ses-sa-re. n. s. See Accesso- ry. ACCESSIBLE, ak-seV-se-bl be approached. Hale. ■ ACCESSION , ak-sesb'-un. n. s. Enlargement ; aug- mentation. 'Clarendon. The act of coming to, or joining to; as, accession to a confederacy. Dryden. The act of arriving at; as, the king's accession to the throne. Temple. Approach. More. The be- ginning of a paroxysm, like access. South. A'CCESSORILY, ak'-ses-so-re-le. ad. In the man- ner of an accessory. ACCESSORY, ak'-s&s-so-re. 557. at. Joined to another thing ; additional. Hooker. A / CCESSORY,ak / -ses-s6--re.7?. s. [accessor ins, Lat.J A man that is guilty of a felonious offence, not prin- cipally, but by participation. Cowel. That which does accede unto some principal fact or thing in law. Ayliffe. That which advances a design. Fell. A'CCIDENCE, ak'-se-dense. n. s. The little book containing the first rudiments of grammar, and explaining' the properties of the eight parts of speech. Taylor the Water-poet. A-'CClDENTy^k'-se-dent. n. s. The property or qual- ity of any being, which may be separated from it, at least in thought. Sir John Davies. In grammar, the property of a word. Holder. That which happens unforeseen ; casualty ; chance. Hooker. ACCIDENTAL, ak-se-deu'-uU n. s. a property non-essential. Pearson. ACCIDENTAL, ak-se-den'-tal. a. Having the qual- ity of an accident ; non-essential. Rymer. Casu- al ; fortuitous. Shakspeare. Denham.' ACCIDENTALLY, ak-se-den'-tal-le. ad. After an accidental manner. Spenser. Casually ; fortu- itously. Swift. ACCIDENTALNESS, ak-se-den'-tai-nGs. n. s. The quality of being accidental. Diet. ACCIDENTIARY*, ak-se : den / -sher-e. a. Belong- ing to the accidents or accidence. Bp. Morton. ACCPPIENT, ak-slp'-pe-ent. n. s. [accipiens, Lat.] A receiver. Diet. To ACCPTE, ak-slle'. v. a. To call ; to cite ; to sum- mon. Shakspeare. To ACCLA'IMy* ak-klame . v. n. [acclamo, Lat.j To applaud. Bp. Hall. ACCLA/IM, ak-klame'. n. s. A shout of praise j acclamation. Milton. 61 ACC ACC [CT 559.— Fate, far fill, fat;— me, me^t;— pine, pin— ACCLAMA'TION, ak-kla-ma'-shfin. n. s. Shouts of applause. Hooker. Unanimous and immedi- ate election. Burke. ACCL AMATORY*, ak-klam'-a-tar-e. a. Pertain- ing to acclamation. ACCLPVE§* ak-kllve'. a. [acclivis, Lat.] Rising. Aubrey. ACCLFVITY, ak-ktiV-ve-te. 511. n. s. The steep- ness or slope of a line, inclining to the horizon, reckoned upwards ; as, the ascent of a hill is the acclivity, the descent is the declivity. Ray. ACCLFVOUS, ak-kll'-vus. 503, (h.) a. Rising with a slope. To ACCLOY, ak-kl6e'. 329. v. a. The modern word is cloy. To fill up, in an ill sense ; to crowd, to stuff full. Spenser. To fill to satiety; in which sense cloy is still in use. Ray. To ACCOTL, ak-kSft/. 299. v. n. See Coil. Spen- ser. A'CCOLENT, ak'-k6-lent. 544. n.s. [accolens, Lat.] He that inhabits near a place; a borderer. Diet. ACCOMMODABLE, ak-kom'-mo-da-bl. a. That which may be fitted. Watts. ACCOMMQDABLENESS*. ak-kW-mi-da-bl- n£s. n.s. The capability of accommodating. To ACCOMMODATE §, ak-kdm'-mc-date. 91. v. a. fixccommodo, Lat.] To supply with conveniences of any kind. Sliak. With the particle to, to adapt ; to fit. Dryden. To reconcile ; to adjust. Norris. To lend : in this last sense it is still used among moneyed men. To ACCOMMODATE, ak-k6m'-m6-date. 91. v. n. To be conformable to. Brown. ACCOMMODATE, ak-kdm'-imVdate. 91. a. Suit- able; fit. Ray. ACCOMMODATELY, ak-kom'-mi-date-le. 91. ad. Suitably, fitly. More. ACCOMMODATENESS*, ak-k6m / -m6-date-nes. n.s. Fitness. Haihjwell. ACCOMMODATION, ak-l^m-mc-da'-shun. n. s. Provision of conveniencies. South. In the plural, conveniencies. Clarendon. Adaptation ; fitness. Glanville. Composition of a difference, reconcil- iation. Fanshaw. ACCOMMODATOR*,ak-k&m / -m6-da-tur. n.s. He who adjusts a thing. Warbvrton. ACCOMPANABLE, ak-kfim'-pa-na-bl. a. So- ciable. Sidney. Not now used. J. ACCOMPANIER, ak-kfim'-pa-ne-fir. n. s. The per- son that makes part of the company. Diet. ACCOMPANIMENT*, ak-kftm'-pa-ne-ment. n. s. That which attends a thing or person. Mason. TVarton. To ACCOMPANY §, ak-ktim'-pa-ne. 165. v.a. [ac- compagner, Fr.] To be with another as a com- panion. Spenser. To have commerce with another sex. Cockeram. To ACCOMPANY, ak-kam'-pa-ne. v. n. To asso- ciate with. Bacon. To cohabit. Milton. ACCOMPLICE, ak-kom'-plis. 142. n. s. An asso- ciate, usurally in an ill sense. Swift. A partner, or co-operator, in a sense indifferent. Addison. To ACCOMPLISH §, ak-kom'-pllsh. v.a. [accom- plir, Fr. from compleo, Lat.] To complete ; to ex- ecute fully. Ezekiel. To complete a period of time. D r mid. To fulfil ; as, a prophecy. Sliak. To ga ; n ; to obtain. Sliak. To adorn, or furnish, either mind or body. Shakspeare. ACCOMPLISHABLE*, ak-kom'-pllsh-a-bl. a. Ca- pable of accomplishment. ACCOMPLISHED^ak-kom'-pllsh-ed. part. a. Com- plete in some qualification. Locke. Elegant, in re- spect of acquired qualifications. Milton. ACCOMPLISHER, ak-kom'-plish-ur. n.s. He who accomplishes. More. ACCOMPLISHMENT, ak-k&nV-ptfsh-ment. n.s. Completion; full performance. Sir John Haywood. Completion; as, of a prophecy. Atterbury. Orna- ment of mind or body. Addison. The act of ob- taining or perfecting any thing; attainment; com- pletion. South. ACCOMP1 $, ak-k6unl\ 407. » s. [compter and compte, anciently accompter, Fr.] An account ; a reckoning. Hooker. See Account. ACCOMPTABLE*, ak-kdfin'-ta-bl. a. Accounta- ble. Beaum. and Fl. ACCOMPTANT, ak-kdun'-tant. 412. n.s. A reck- oner; computer. South. ACCO MPTING-DAY, ak-kStm'-tlng-di. n. s. The day on which the reckoning is to be settled. Sir J. Denham. To ACCORD §, ak-k6rd'. v. a. [accorder, Fr.] To make agree. Sidney. To bring to agreement ; to compose. Sir M. Hale. To grant; as, he accorded his request. To ACCORD, ak-kord'. v.n. To agree; to suit one with another. Sluxkspeare. ACCORD, ak-kdrd'. n.s. A compact; an agree- ment. Bacon. Concurrence ; union of mind. Spen- ser. Harmony ; symmetry. Dryden. Musical note. Bacon. Own accord; voluntary motion. Spenser. Action in speaking, correspondent to the words. Titus Andronicus. ACCORD ABLE*, ak-k6r'-da-bl. a. Agreeable consonant. Goiver. Ob. T. ACCORDANCE, ak-kdr'-danse. ) n. s. Affree- ACCORDANCY*ak-k6r'-dan-se. $ ment with a person. Fairfax. Conformity to something. Ham- mond. ACCORDANT, ak-k6r'-dant. a. Consonant, or cor- responding. Shakspeare. ACCORDANTLY*, ak-kSr'-dant-le. ad. In an ac- cordant manner. ACCORDER*, ak-kSr'-dur. An assistant; helper; favourer. Cotgrave. ACCORDING, ak-k6r'-ding. prep. In a manner suitable to. Hooker. With regard to. Holder. In proportion. Swift. ACCORDINGLY, ak-kSr'-ding-le. ad. Agreea- bly; suitably; conformably. Hooker. ToACCORPORATE^ak-kar'-po-rate. v.a. [ad and corpus, Lat.] To unite. Milton. To ACCOST §, ak-kost'. v. a. To approach ; to draw near ; to come side by side, or face to face. Twelfth Night. To speak to first ; to address. Milton. To ACCO'ST*, ak-kost'. v. n. To adjoin. Spenser. Ob. T. ACCO'STABLE, ak-kos'-ta-bl. 405. a. Easy of access; familiar. Howell. ACCOSTED*, ak-kos'-tSd. part. a. In heraldry, signifies side by side. ACCOUCHEUR*, ak-koo-shure'. [See Connois- seur.] n.s. [Fr.] What we call a man-midwife. ACCOUNTS, ak-kSunt'. 407. n.s. [accompt, old Fr.] A computation of debts or expenses. Shak. The state or result of a computation. Ecclesiasticus. Val- ue, or estimation. 2 Maccab. Profit; advantage; as, to turn to account. Addison. Distinction; dig- nity ; rank. Pope. A reckoning verified by find- ing the value of a thing equal to what it was ac- counted. Swift. Regard; consideration; sake. Philemon. A narrative; relation. Examination of an affair taken by authority. Matt. xix. The re- lation and reasons of a transaction given to a per- son in authority. Shak. Explanation; assignment of causes. Locke. An opinion previously established. Bacon. The reasons of any thing collected. Addi- son. In law, account is taken for a writ or action brougnt against a man who is responsible. Ccnvel. To ACCOUNT, ak-koimt'. v. a. To esteem ; to think; to hold in opinion. Dent. ii. To reckon; to compute. Brown. To assign to, as a debt. Clar- endon. To hold in esteem. 1 Chron. ix. ToACCO'UNT^k-kdunt'. v.n. To reckon. Holder. To give an account ; to assign the causes. Swift. To make up the reckoning. Dryd. Juv. To ap- pear as the medium by which any thing may be explained. Arbuthnot. ACCOUNTABLE, ak-k6un'-ta-bl. a. Of whom aa account may be required. Oldham. ACCO'UNTABLENESS*, ak-kdun'-ta-bl-nfe. n. s. The state of being accountable. Duncan. ACCO'UNTANT, ak-koiV-timt. a. Accountable to. Shakspeare. Ob. J. G2 ACC ACE -n6, move, ndr, n6tj — tube, tfib, bull;— oil; — pdundj— thin, this. ACCOUNTANT, ak-kdun'-tant. n.s. A computer ;| a man employed in accounts. Brown. ACCOUNT-BOOK, ak-ko-unt'-book. n. s. A book containing" accounts. Swift. ACCOUNTING, ak-k6un'-tmg. n. s. The act of reckoning up of accounts. South. To ACCO'UPLE$, ak-kup'-pl. 314. r. a. [accoupler, Fr.] To join; to link together. Bacon. ACCO'UPLEMEiNT* ak-kap'-pl-ment. n. s. A junction or union. Trial of Men's Wits. Tc ACCO'URAGE, ak-kur'-rldje. v. a. To ani- mate. Spenser. Ob. J. To ACCO'URT, dk-kort'. 318. v. a. To entertain with courtship or courtesy. Spenser. Ob. J. To ACCO'UTRE^ak-koo'-tar. 315. v. a. [accoCttrer, Fr.l To dress ; to equip. Dryden. ACCOUTREMENT, ak-kSa'-tflr-ment. n.s. Dress; equipage; trappings; ornaments. Shakspeare. To ACCO'Y*, ak-kde'. v. a. [accoisir, old Fr.l To render quiet, or diffident. Spenser. To soothe; to caress. Spenser. 7 t oACCRE / DIT$* ak-kred'-it. v. a. [accrecliter, old Fr. aceredo, Lat.] I'o countenance; to procure honour or credit to. Shelton. A( CRETJlTATION*,ak-kre^-it-a-shun. n.s. That which gives a title to credit. R. Cumberland. ACCRESCENT* ak-kreV-sent. part. a. [accresco, Lat.] Increasing. Shuckfoi-d. ACCRE'TION £, ak-kre'-shSn. n. s. The act of grow- ing to another, so as to increase it. Bacon. ACCRE'TIVE, ak-kre'-tiv. 158. a. Growing; that which by growth is added. Glanville. To ACCRO'ACH^ak-krotsh'. 295. v. a. [accrocher, Fr.] To draw to one as with a hook ; to gripe ; to draw away by degrees what is another's. Black- stone. ACCROACHMENT, ak-krolsh'-uient. n. s. The act of accroaching. Did. To ACCRUE, ak-kroo'. 339. v.n. [ojcctii, from ac- croitre, Fr.l To accede to ; to be added to. Hooker. To be added, as an advantage or improvement. South. To append to, or arise from. Wilkins. In a commercial sense, to arise ; as, profits. Carew. To follow, as loss; a vitious use. Temple. ACCRU'MENT*, ak-kr65'-ment. n. s. Addition ; increase. Montagu. Bp. Taylor. ACCUBA'TION, ak-ku-ba'-shfin. 71. s. [accubo, Lat.] The ancient posture of leaning at meals. Brown. To ACCU MB §, ak-k&mb'. 347. v. a. [accumbo, Lat.] To lie at the table, according to the ancient man- ner. Diet. ACCU'MBENCY*, ak-kum'-ben-se. n. s. State of being accumbent. ACCIPMBENT, ak-ktim'-bent. a. Leaning. Ar- buthnot. ACCU'MBENT*, ak-kfim'-bent. n. s. One who is placed at a dinner-table, but without reference to the ancient mode of leaning. Bp. Hall. To ACCUMULATE §, ak-ku'-mu-late. 91. v. a. [ac cumido, Lat.] To heap one thing upon another ; to pile up. Shakspeare. To ACCUMULATE*, ak-ku'-mu-late. v. n. To in- crease. Goldsmith. ACCUMULATE*, ak-ku'-mu-late. a. Heaped; collected. Bacon. ACCUMULATION, ak-ku-mu-la'-shun. n. s. The act of accumulating. Shak. The state of being accumulated. Arhuihnot. ACCU'MULATrVE,ak-ku'-mu-la-u\\ 157. a. That which accumulates ; that which is accumulated. Gorcmment of the Tongue. ACCUMULATIVELY*, ak-ku'-mu-la-tlv-le. ad. In an accumulating manner; in heaps. ACCUMULATOR, ak-ku'-mu-la-tur. 521. n.s. A gatherer or heaper together. Decay of Piety. ACCURACY, ak'-ku-ra-se. n. 5. '[accuratio, Lat.] Exactness; nicety. More. ACCURATE $, ak'-ku-rate. 91. a. Exact. Water- land. Without defect or failure. Colson. Deter- minate ; precisely fixed. Bacon. ACCURATELY, ak'-ku-rate-le. ad. Exactly ; with- out errour; nicely. Newton. ACCURATENESS, ak'-ku-ratc-nSs. n.s. Exact ness; nicety. Nev>ton. To ACCU'RSE §, ak-kfirse'. v. a. To doom to misery ; to invoke misery upon any one. Hooker. ACCU'RSED, ak-kar'-s£d. 362. part. a. That which is cursed. DenJiam. That which deserves the curse; execrable; hateful. Shakspeare. ACCUSABLE, ak-ku'-za-bl. 405. a. Blamable; culpable. Brown. ACCUSANT*, ak-ku'-zant. n. s. He who accuses Bp. Hall. ACCUSATION, ak-kiVza'-shun. n. s. The act of accusing. Milton. The charge brought against any one. Shakspeare. Aylifte. ACCUSATIVE, ak-k n. s. One that has A'CTIONIST, ak'-sh&n-Ist. )a share in actions or stocks. A'CTION-TA'KLNG, ak'-shun-uV-k?ng. a. Accus- tomed to resent by means of law; litigious. Shak. A / CTION-THREATENER*,ak / -shfln-DO*,kd-h.&n-&'-d6. n.s. [Span.] The king's lieutenant in a province, or any great place of charge. B. Jonson. A'DELING, n. s. [abela, and lintf, Sax.] A word of honour among the Angles, properly appertaining to the king's children. Cowel. ADEMPTION, a-dem'-shun. 412. n.s. [adimo, ademptum, Lat.] Taking away; privation. Diet. ADENO'GRAPHY, ad-de-nog'-gra-fe. 518. n. s. [aSrjvov and ypd, Gr.] A treatise of the glands. ADE'PTj, a-dept'. n.s. He that is completely skilled in all the secrets of his art. Pope. ADE'PT, a-dept'. a. [acleptus, Lat.] Skilful; thor oughly versed. Boyle. ADEMPTION*, a-dep'-shun. n. s. Attainment. To ADEQUATE $*,ad'-e-kwate. v. a. [adeqiw, Lat.] To resemble exactly. SMford, ADEQUATE, ad'-e-kwate. 91. a. Equal to; pro- portionate. Harvey. ADEQUATELY, ad'-e-kwate-le. ad. In an ade- quate manner. South. ADEQUATENESS, ad'-e-kwate-nes. n. s. The state of being adequate. ADEQUATION*, ad'-e-kwa-shun. n. s. Adequate- ness. Bp. Barlow. ADESPO'TICK, ad-e-spot'-fk. a. Not absolute; not despotick. ADFFLIATED*, ad-fll'-e-a-tgd. part. a. Adopted for a son. Diet. To ADHE'RE§,ad-here'. v.n. [adhcereo, Lat.] To stick to; as, wax to the finger. To be consistent. Sliak. To remain firmly fixed to a party, person, or opinion. Shakspeare. 66 ADJ ADM -i)6 ; move, n6r, n&t;— tube, tub, bflHj — 6il ; — pound 5— thin, THis. aDHE'RENCE, ad-hc'-rense. n. s. The quality of adhering; tenacity. Fixedness of mind; steadi- ness; fidelity. Addison. ADHfc'RENCY. ad-he'-rcn-se. 182. ?i.s. Steady at- tachment. Bp. Taylor. That which adheres. De- rail of Piety. ADHERENT, ad-he'-rent. a. Sticking- to. Pope. United with. South. ADHE'RENT, ad-he'-rent. n. s. The person that ad- heres; a follower ; a partisan. Raleigh. Anything outwardly belonging- to a person. Government of the Tongue. ADHERENTLY* ad-he'-rent-le. ad. In an ad- herent manner. [Swift. ADHE'RER, ad-he'-rur. 98. n. s. He that adheres. ADHESION, ad-he'-zhftn. 451. n.s. The act or state of sticking to something. Boyle. ADHESIVE, ad-he'-slv. 158,. 428. a. Sticking; te- nacious. Thomsttn. ADHESIVELY*,'ad-he'-stv-le. ad. In an adhesive manner, ADHESIVENESS* ad-he'-siv-nes. v. s. Tena- citv ; viscosity. To ADHI'BITS, ad-hib' bit. v. a. [adhibeo, Lat'.] To apply: 1o make use of. President Forbes. ADHD3ITION, ad-he-bish'-shun. 507. n.s. Appli- cation ; use. Whitaker. ADHORTA'TION*, ad-h8r-ta'-shun. n. s. [adhorla- iio. Lat.] Advice. Remedy for Sedition. ADJA'CENCY$,ad-ja'-sen-se. 182. n.s. [adjaceo, Eat.] The state of lying close to another thing. Bwini. ADJA'CENT, ad-ja/-seT.t. a. Lying near or close. Bacon. Newton. ADJA'CENT, ad-ja'-sent. n.s. That which lies next another. Locke. ADIA'PHORACY*, a-de-afMo-ra-se. n.s. Indif- ferencv. Diet. ADIAPHOROUS, a-de-af-fo-rfis. a. USiafopos, Gr.] Neutral. Quincy. Indifferent. Puller ADIA'PHORY, a-de-af-f6-re. 534. n.s. Neulr; indifference. To ADJE'CT §, ad-jekt'. 0. a. [adjicio, adjectum, Lat.] To add to. Leland. ADJE'CTION, ad-jek'-slmn. n.s. The act of ad- jecting, or adding. B. Jonson. The thing adject- ed. Brown. ADJECTI'TIOUS, ad-jek-dsh'-fis. a. Added; thrown in upon the rest. Maundrell. A'DJECTIVE, ad'-jek-dv. 512. n.s. A word added to a noun, to sigmfv some quality ; as, good, bad Clarke. A'DJECTIVELY, ad'-jek-tlv-le. ad. In the manner of an adjective. KnatchbuU. ADIEU', "a-diV. 284. ad. [from a Dieu. Fr.] Fare- well. Fairy Queen. Tb ADJOIN §.ad-joni'. 299. v. a. [adjoindre, Fr.] To join to. Milton, To fasten by a joint or junc- ture. Shakspeare. To ADJO'IN, ad-jSln'. r. 7?. To be contiguous to. Dn/den. [rem. ADJO'INANT^iKl-joV-ant. a. Contiguous to. Ca- To ADJO'URN$.ad-jftrn'. 314. r. a. \adjourner, Fr.] To put off to another day. Shak. To' defer. Shak. Dn/den. ADJOURNMENT, ad-jurn'-ment. n. 5. A putting off till another day. Cowel. Delay ; procrastina- tion. V Estrange. [Diet A'DIPOUS, ad'-de-pUs. 314. a. [adipose, Ls.i.) Fad A'DIT§, ad ; -lt. n.s. [aditus, Lat.] A passage (for the convevance of water) under ground. Carew. ADFTION; ad-ish'-shun. 459. n.s. [adeo, adiium, Lat.] The act of going to another. Diet. To ADJU'DGE§, ad-jtidje'. v. a. [adjvger, Fr.] To give by a judicial sentence. Lockt. To decree ju- dicially. Bacon. To sentence, or condemn to a punishment. Shak. To judge ; to decree. Knolles. ADJUDGEMENT* ad-judje'-mgnt. n. s. Adjudi- cation. Temple. ADJUDICATION, ad-ju-de-ka'-shfin. n.s. The act of judging, or granting by judicial sentence. Lord Clarendon. Neutrality : To ADJU'DICATE $, ad-jiV-de-kate. v. a. [adiudico, Lat.] To adjudge. To A'DJUGATE, ad'-jn-gate. 91. v. a. [adjugo, Lai. I To voke to. Diet. A'DJUMENT, ud'-ju-ment. ?i. s. [adjumentum, Lat.] Help ; support. Waterhouse. A'DJUNCT$, iid'-junkt. n. s. [adjunctum, Lat.] Something- united to another. Sha/c. A person joined to another. Wotton. A'DJUNCT, ad'-junkt. a. United with. Shakspeare. ADJUNCTION, iid-junk'-shun. n.s. The act of adjoining. The thing joined. ADJUNCTIVE, ad-jnnk'-dv. 158. n.s. He that i'oins. That which is joined. MTUNCTIVE* ad-junkM'iv. a. That which joins. ADJUNCTIVELY*. ad-j&nk'-dv-le. ad. In an ad- junctive manner. ADJU'NCTLY*, ad-jOnkt'-le. ad Consequently; in connexion with. ADJURATION, ad-ja-ra'-shun. n.s. The act of charging another solemnly by word or oath. Black- wall. The form of oath. Addison. To ADJU'RE §, ad-jure'. v. a. [adjuro, Lat.] To impose an oath upon another. Milton. To charge earnestlv. 1 Kings, xxii. ADJU'RER*. ad-jiV-rur. n. s. One that exacts an oath. To ADJUST v, ad-just', v. a. [adjuster, Fr.] To re- gulate; to put in order. Swift.' To reduce to the true state. Locke. To make conformable; adjust with. Addison, Blair. ADJUSTER* ad-jvV-tiV n. s. He who places in due order. Dr. Warton. ADJUSTMENT, ad-jiW-ment. n. s. Regulation J settlement. Woodward, The state of being regu- lated. Watts. A'DJUTANCY^ad'-ju-tan-se. ?i,s. The military of- fice of an adjutant. Skilful arrangement. Burke. A'DJUTANf , ad'-ja-tant. 503. n. s. [adjuto, Lat.] An officer, whose duty is to assist the major of a regiment, and who was formerly called aia-major; an assistant. Bp. Taylor. To ADJU'TE §. ad-jute', v. a. [adjuvo, adiutum, Lat.l To help. B. Jonson. Oh. J. ' ADJU'TOR, ad-juMftr. 98, 166. n. s. A helper. Diet. ADJUTORY, ad'-ju-tur-re. 512,557. a. That which helps. Diet. ADJU TRIX. ad-ju -triks. it. s. She who helps. Diet. A'DJUVANT, ad'-ju-vant. a. [adjuvans, Lat.] Help- ful; useful. Howell. A'DJUVANT*, ad'-ju-vanl. n. s. An assistant. Sir H. Yelverton. To A'DJUVATES, ad'-ju-vate. v. a. To help. Diet. ADMEASUREMENT, ad-mezh'-ure-ment. n. s. The adjustment of proportions. Cowel, ADMENSURA'TION, ad-men-shu-ra'-shun. 452. n. s. [ad and mensura, Lat.] The act or prac- tice of measuring-. To ADMETIATE*, ad-me'-she-ate. v. a. [adme- tior, Lat.] To measure. Diet. ADMINICLE, ad-min'-e-kl. 405.71.5. [adminiculum, Lat.] Kelp ; support. Diet. ADMINICULAR. dd-me-nnV-a-iar. 418. a. Helpful. Tr. of Rabelais.' To ADMINISTERS, ad-mln'-nls-tur. 98. v. a. [ad- ministro, Lat.] To give; to afford; to supplv. Philips. To act as minister or agent. Pope. To distribute right. To dispense the sacraments. Hooker. To tender an oath. Shak. To give phy- sick. Wafers. To contribute. Spectator. To per- form the office of an administrator. Arbuthnot. ADMINISTRABLE*, ad-nuV-nfs-tra-bl. a. Capa- ble of administration. To ADMINISTRATE, ad-mm'-nis-trate. 91. v. a. To exhibit ; to give as physick. Woodward. Ob. J. ADMINISTRATION, ad'-mm-nis-tra'-shun. 527. n s. The act of conducting any employment. Shak. The executive part of government. Swift. Col- lectively, those to whom the care of publick affairs is committed. Burke. Distribution; exhibition; C7 ADM ADR [D" 559.— Fate, fir, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pto;— dispensation. Hooker. The rights and duties of an administrator to a person deceased. Coved. ADMINISTRATIVE, ad-min'-nls-tra-tlv. 157. a That which administers. ADMINISTRATOR, ad'-mm-nls-tra'-tiV 98, 527 n. 5. He that has the goods of a man dying intes- tate. Cowel. He that officiates in divine rites. Watts He that conducts the government. Swift. He who acts as minister or agent. Sir E. Sandys. ADMINISTRATRIX, ad'-nun-nis-tra'-trix. 527 n. s. She who administers or has the supreme di- rection. Burke. A DMINISTRATORSHIP, ad'-mln-nls-tra'-tur- sh?p. 7i. 5. The office of administrator. ADMIRABFLITY, ad'-me-ra-bilMe-te. 511, 527. n.5. The quality of being admirable. Diet. A'DMIRABLE^ad'-me-ra-bl. 405. a. [admirabilis, Lat.] To be admired. Sidney. A'DMIRABLENESS, ad'-me-ra-bl-nes. 511, 527. 77. s. The quality of being admirable. Ellis. A'DMIRABLY, ad'-me-ra-ble. ad. So as to raise wonder. Addison. A'DMIRAL$, ad'-me-ral. n. s. A chief officer of the king's navy. Cowel. The chief commander of a fleet. Knolles. Anv great or capital ship. Knolles. ^'DMIRALSHIP, ad'-me-ral-ship. n.s. The office or power of an admiral. A'DMIRALTY, ad'-me-ral-te. «. s. [amiraulte, Fr.] The power appointed for the administration of na- val affairs. Bacon. §Cr This word is frequently pronounced as if written ad- miraltry, with an r in the last syllablo; nor is this mis- pronunciation, however improper, confined to the lowest order of the people. The same may be observed of mayoralty. W. ADMIRATION, ad-me-ra'-shun. n. s. Wonder; the act of admiring. Milton. ADMFRATD7E*, ad-ml'-ra-t?v. a. The point of ad- miration, marked thus ! Cotgrave. To ADMIRE §, ad-mlre 7 . r. a. [admiro, Lat.] To regard with wonder. Glanville. To regard with love. Shakspeare. To ADMFRE, ad-mlre'. v. n. To wonder. Ray. ADMIRER, ad-ml'-rur. 98. n. s. The person that wonders. Addison. A lover. Toiler. ADMFRINGLY, ad-mi'-ring-le. ad. With admira- tion. Shakspeare. ADMFSSIBLE, ad-mV-se-bl. 405. a. That which may be admitted. Hale. ADMISSIBLY*, ad-nuV-se-ble. ad. In a manner which may be admitted. ADMFSSION, ad-mish'-shun. n. s. The act or prac- tice of admitting. Bacon. The state of being ad- mitted. Dryden. Admittance. Woodward. Intro- duction to a church-living. Ayliffe. The allowance of an argument. ADMFSSION-MONEY*, ad-mfsh'-shun-imV-ne. n. 3. Money paid for admission. Sprat. To ADMIT $,ad-mu'. v. a. [admitto, Lat.] To suf- fer to enter. Milton. To suffer to enter upon an office. Clarendon. To allow an argument or posi- tion. Fairfax. To allow, or grant in general. Dryden. To commit : a Latinism. Milton. ADMI'TTABLE, ad-mn'-ta-bl. a. That which may be admitted. Harrison. [Rather, admittibk. T.] ADMITTANCE, ad-nuV-tanse. n. s. The act of ad- mitting. Hooker. The power or right of entering. Shak. Prerogative of being admitted to great persons. SJiak. Concession of a position. Brown. ADMITTER*, ad-inlt'-tur. n. s. He who admits. Bp. Hall. To ADMFX§, ad-milks', v. a. [admisceo, Lat.] To mingle with. ADMFXTION, ad-mfks'-tshun. n. s. The mingling of one body with another. Bacon. A.DMFXTIJRE, ad-mfks'-tshure. 461. n.s. The body mingled with another. Harvey. To ADMONISH §, ad-mon'-n?sh. v. a. [admoneo, Lat.] To warn of a fault ; to reprove gently. De- cay of Piety. To inform ; to acquaint with. Milton. ADMONISHER, ad-mSn'-n?sh-fir. n. s. He that ad- monishes. Tranti. of Bullinger's Serm. Dryden. ADMONISHMENT, ad-m&n'-nlsh-ment. n. s. Ad- monition. Shakspeare. ADMONITION, ad-m6-n?sh'-un. n.s. The hint of a fault or duty ; gentle reproof. Hooker. ADMONFTIONER, ad-m6-nJsh'-un-flr. n.s. A dis- penser of admonition. Hooker. ADMON1TP7E*, ad-m6n'-ne-tlv. a. That which admonishes. Barrow. ADMON1TOR*, ad-m6n'-ne-tur. n.s. The person who admonishes. Hobbes. ADMONITORY, ad-m&n'-ne-tflr-re. [See Domks tick.] a. That which admonishes. Hooker. To ADMO'VE, ad-mOdve'. v. a. [admoveo, Lat.] To bring one thing to another. Brown. Ob. J. ADMURMURATION, ad-mfir-mu-ra'-shun. n. s [admurmuro, Lat.] Murmuring, or whispering to another. Diet. ADNA'SCENT* ad-nas'-sent. part. a. [adnasce:,s, Lat.] Growing upon something else. Evelyn. ADNATE*, ad-nate'. a. [adnatus, Lat.] Growing upon. Smith. ADO'S, a-d66\ n. s. [aboa, Sax. to do.] Trouble; difficulty. Sidney. Bustle; tumult. Shak. More tumult than the affair is worth. ShaJcspeare. ADOLE'SCENCE, ad-o-les'-sense. ) 510. n.s. [ado- ADOLE'SCENCY, ad-6-leV-sen-se. \ lescaUia,hat.] The age succeeding childhood, and succeeded by puberty. Brown. ADO'ORS* a-d6rz'. ad. At doors ; at the door. Beaum. and Fl. Gataker. To ADO'PT§, a-d&pt'. v. a. [adopto, Lat.] To make him a son, who was not so by birth. Beaum. and Fl. To place any person or thing in a nearer relation. Dryden. ADO'PTEDLY, a-dop'-t^d-le. <"*• After the manner of something adopted. Shak. ADO'PTER, a-d&p'-tur. 98. n. s. He that makes the adoption. Huloet. ADO'PTION, a-dop'-shfln. 459. n. s. The act of adopting. Lord Chesterfield. The state of being adopted. Shakspeare. ADO'PTIVE, d-dop'-tiv. 157. a. He that is adopt- ed by another. Bacon. He that adopts another. Arjliffe. He who is not native. Bacon. ADO'RABLE, a-d Qr-e-fdrm. a. [ar,f>, Gr. and for- ma. Lat.] That which resembles air. Adams. AERO GRAPH Y* a-fir-og'-gra-fe. n. s. [af,p and JY, a-ur-&l / -l6-je. 556. n. s. \byos, Gr.l The doctrine of the air. AEROMA'NCY, a'-or-6-man-se. 519. n. s. [af,p and fiavrda, Gr.] The art of divining by the air. Cotgrave. AERO'METER*, a-ur-om'-me-Mr. n. s. A ma- chine for weighing the air. AERO'METRY, S-ur-om'-me-tre. 518. n. s. The art of measuring the air. Diet. AERONA'UT*, a'-ur-6-nawt. n. s. [afip and vav- rrjs, Gr.] He who has sailed through the air in aj balloon. Burke. AERO'SCOPY, a-ar-6s'-k6-pe. 518. n.s. [ar)o and) wfTTTw, Gr.] The observation of the air. Diet. \ AEROSTATION*, a-ur-os-ta'-sh&n. n. s. [de-\ rostation, Fr. af\p and 'lora/iai, or arariKv, Gr.] The j science of weighing air. Adams. iETHIOPS-MINERAL, e'-i/ie-ups-mm'-ur-ral. n. s. \ Quicksilver and sulphur, ground together to a| black powder. Quincy. JETl'ThS, e-tl'-tez. n. s. [aeros, an eagle.] Eagle- stone. (Quincy. i AFA'R, iVfar'. ad. [apeoyijiian, apejip.an, Sax.] At a great distance. Slvak. To or from a great distance. Dryden. From afar ; from a distant place. Addison. Afar off ; remotely distant. Sir John H yward. AFE'ARD, a-ferd'. part. a. Frighted; terrified; afraid. Spenser. Ob. J. [Milton. A PER, a'-fur. 98. n. s. [Lat.] The southwest wind. AFFABI'LITY, af-fa-bil'-le-te. n. s. The quality of being affable. Sliakspeare. A'FFABLES, af-fa-bl. 405. a. [affabilis, Lat.] Easy of manners; courteous. Bacon. Benign; mild; favourable. Tatler. A'FFABLENESS, af'-fa-bl-nes. n. s. Courtesy; affability. AFFABLY, aP -fa-ble. ad. In an affable manner. Beaumont and Fletcher. AFFABROUS, af'-fa-brus.- a. [offohre, Fr.] Skil- ful 1 v made. Diet. AFF ABU LA'TION, af-f ab-u-la'-slmn. n.s. [affabu- lalio, Lat.] The moral of a fable. Diet. AFFA'IR, af-fare'. n. s. [affaire, Fr.] Business; something to be transacted. Pope. In military language, a partial engagement. To AFFA/MlSHc)*, af-fam'-ish. v. a. [affamer, Fr.] To starve. Spenser. AFFA'MISHMENT*, af-fam'-lsh-ment. n.s. Starv- [apaep.an, Sax. AFFECT, af-fekP. n.s. Affection; passion; sensa tion. Bacon. Quality; circumstance. Wiseman. The antiquated word for affection. To AFFECT c>, af-fekP. v. a. [officio, affectum, Lat.] To act upon; to produce effects in any other thing. Milton. To move the passions. Addison. To aim at. Dryden. To tend to. Newton. To be fond of. Hooker. To make a show of something. Prior To imitate in an unnatural manner. B. Jonson To convict of some crime. Ayliff'e. AFFECTATED*, af-fek'-ta-t£d. a. Far-fetched Barret. Old word for affected. AFFECTATION, af-fek-ta'-sh&n. n.s. Fondness; high degree of liking. Hooker. An artificial show. Spectator. Affection or liking simply. Bp. Hall. The act of desiring or aiming at. Pearson. AFFECTED, af-fel'-ted. part. a. Moved; touch- ed with affection. Sliak. Studied with over-much care. Sliakspeare. Full of affectation. AFFECTEDLY, af-fek'-t£d-le. ad. In an affected manner ; hypocritically. Brown. Studiously 5 with laboured intention. Decay of Piety. AFFECTEDNESS, af-fek'-ted-nes. «. s. The quality of being affected. AFFECTER*. n. s. See Affector. AFFECTINGLY*, af-fek'-t?ng-le. ad. In an af fecting manner. AFFECTION §, af-fek'-shfin. n.s. The state of be- ing affected ; used in the sense of sympathy. Shak. Passion of any kind. Spenser. Love; kindness. Shak. Good-will to any object. Bacon. State of the mind in general. Shak. Quality ; proper- ty. Boyle. State of the body. Wiseman. Lively representation in painting. Wotton. Sliakspeare. AFFECTIONATE, af-fek'-shun-ate. a. Warm ; zealous. Sprat. Strongly inclined to. Bacon. Fond ; tender. Sidney. Benevolent; tender Rogers. AFFECTIONATELY, af-fek'-shun-^te-le. 91. ad In an affectionate manner. 1 Thes. ii. AFFE CTIONATENESS, af-felc'-shfin-ate-n&>. n. s. Fondness ; tenderness. AFFECTIONED, af-feV-sh&nd. 359. a. Affected ; conceited ; now obsolete in this sense. SJutk. In- clined ; mentally disposed. Rom. xii. AFFECTIOUSLY, af-fek'-shfis-le. ad. In an af- fecting manner. Diet. AFFECTIVE, af-f&c'-tlv. a. That which affects. Burnet. AFFECTIVELY*, af-fek'-dv-le. ad. In an impres- sive manner. AFFECTOR*, or AFFECTER*, af-fek'-tar. n. s. One that is guilty of affectation. Cotgrave. AFFECTU'OSITY, af-f ek-tshu-&s'-se-te. n.s. [affec- tuositas, low Lat.] Passionateness. AFFECTUOUS, af-felP-tshii-fis. 464. a. Full of passion. Leland. To AFFE'RE, af-fere'. v. a. [offer, Fr.] In law, to confirm. Huloet. See To Akfear. AFFE'RORS, af-fe'-r&rz. n. s. [from affere.] Per- sons appointed to mulct such as have committed faults arbitrarily punishable. Cowel. AFFETUOSO*, af-fef-66-6'-s6. a. [Ital.] In musick. what is to be sung or played tenderly. AFFI'ANCE $, af-fP-anse. n. s. [affiance, Fr.] A marriage-contract. Spenser. Trust in general. Trust in the divine promises. Ham ing. Bp. Hall. \> AFFE'AR*, af-fere' To AFFE'AR*, af-fere'. 227 lerrere.~\ To frighten. Spenser To AFFEVAR, or rather to AFFE'ER, af-fere'. v.n [affier, Fr.] To confirm; to give a sanction to Sliakspeare. An old term of law. To AFFI'ANCE, af-fl'-anse. v. a. To betroth. Spen ser. To giye confidence. Pope. AFFI'ANCER, af-f l'-an-s&r. n. s. He that makes a contract of marriage. Diet. AFFIDA'TION, af-fe-da'-sh&n. )n. s. [affido, AFFIDA'TURE, af-fe-da'-tshure. J L?.«.] Mutual contract. Diet. AFFIDAVIT, af-fe-da'-vh. n. s. [affidaiit. low Lat.] A declaration upon oath. Donne. AFFI'ED,af-fl'-fcl. 362. part. a. Joined by contract; affianced. Sliakspeare. To AFFl'LE*, af-f lie', v. a. [affiler, Fr.] To polish. Cliaucer. AFFILIATION, af-fil-le-a'-shon. n.s. [ad andjilius, 71 AFF AFO Q3" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mSt;— pine, pln;- Lat.] Adoption; the act of taking a son. Cot- grave. A'FFINAGE, af-f e-naje. 90. n. s. {affnage, Fr.] Re- fining metals by the coppel. Diet. AFFILED, af-fi'-neU 362. a. [ajjinis, Lat.] Joined by affinity. Shakspeare. AFFFN1TY, af-fln'-ne-te. 511. n.s. Relation by marriage : opposed to consanguinity, or relation by birth. Sidney. Relation to ; connexion with. Camd. To AFFFRM$, af term'. 108. v. n. [ajirmo, Lat.] To declare. Shakspeare. To AFFFRM, af-feW. v. a. To declare positively. Acts, xxv. To ratify or approve. Bacon. AFFFRMABLE, af-ieV-ma-bl. a. What may be af- firmed. Hale. AFFFRMABLY* af-feV-ma-ble. ad. In a way ca- pable of affirmation. AFFIRMANCE, af-feV-manse. n. s. Confirmation. Bacon. Declaration. Selden. AFFFRMANT, af-feV-mant. n. s. A declarer. Diet. AFFIRMATION, af-fer-ma'-shun. n. s. The act of affirming or declaring. Sfiak. The position af- firmed. Hammond. Confirmation. Hooker. AFFFRMATIVE, af-feV-ma-tlv. 158. a. That which affirms. Hooker. That which can or may be af- firmed. Newton. Positive; dogmatical. Taylor. AFFFRMATP7E*, af-feV-ma-tk. n. s. What con- tains an affirmation. StiUingfleet. AFFIRMATIVELY, af-feV-ma-tlv-le. ad. In an affirmative manner. Brown. AFFFRMER, af-fSr'-mur. 98. n. s. The person that affirms. Bp. Bramhall. To AFFFX §, af-fiks'. v. a. [affigo, affixum, Lat.] To unite to the end. Locke. To connect conse- quentially. Hammond. Simply, to fasten or fix. Spenser. AFFFX, af -fiks. 492. n. s. Something united to the end of a word. Clarke. A term of grammar. AFFFXION, af-fik'-shun. n. s. The act of affixing. The state of being 1 affixed. Bp. Hall. AFFLA'TION, af-fla'-shun. n. s. [afflo, afflaium, Lat.] The act of breathing upon any thing. Diet. [Lat.] Communi- prophecy. Whitby. '. v. a. [afflicto, Lat/ ooker. To break ; ] To put to over- The AFFLA' T US, af-fla r -tus. n cation of the power of ToAFFLFCTVif-flikt to pain; to grieve. Hooker, throw : [affligo, Lat.] Milton. AFFLFCTEDNESS, af-ffiV-ted-nes. n. s. state of affliction. AFFLFCTER, af-flik'-tur. 98. n. s. The person that afflicts ; a tormenter. Huloet. AFFLFCTINGLY*, af-fllk'-tlng-le. ad. In an af- flicting manner. AFFLFCTION,af-fllk'-shun.n.s. Calamity. Hook- er. The state of sorrowfulness. Shakspeare. AFFLFCTD7E, af-fllk'-rfv. 158. a. Causing afflic- tion; painful ; tormenting. Bp. Hall. AFFLFCTIVELY* af-ffik'-tiv-le. ad. Painfully. Brown. A'FFLUENCE, af-flu-ense. n. s. The act of flow- ing to any place. Wotton. Exuberance of riches. Rogers. A'FFLUENCY, af-flu-en-se. affluence. AFFLUENT?, af -fluent, a. ing to any part. Harvey. Prior. AFFLUENTLY*, af-flu-ent-le ad. In an affluent manner. AFFLUENTNESS, af -flu-ent-nSs. m n. s. The same with [qffluens, Lat.] Flow- Abundant; wealthy. itv of beinsr affluent. Diet. The qual- A'FFLUX, af-flfiks. n. s. [affluxus, Lat.] The act of flowing to some place ; affluence. Graunt. AFFLU'XION, af-fluk'-shfin. n.s. The act of flow- ing to a particular place, or from one place to an- other. Orowne. To AFFO'RDf, af-f&rd'. v. a. [aforer, Fr.] To yield or produce. To grant, or confer any "thing. S}K7tser To be able to sell. Addison. To be able to bear expenses. Swi/i. ToAFFO'RESTiaf-f&r'-rest. 109,168.w.a. [affores- tare, Lat.] To turn ground into forest. Sir J. Davies. AFFORESTATION, af-for-res-ta'-shun. ». *. Ground turned into forest. Hale. To AFFRANCHISE^ af-fran'-tshk. 140. v. a. [af- franchir, Fr.] To make free. AFFRA'NCHISEMENT*,af-fraV-tshIz-ment. n. s. The act of making free. To AFFRA'V§*,kftrap'.v.n. [afrapvare,lla\.] To strike ; to make a blow. Spenser. Oh. T. To AFFRAP*, af-frap'. v. a. To strike down Spenser. roAFFRAYS/dfrfra'.u.a. [ejfrayer, Fr.] To fright, to terrify. Fairy Qu. To put one in doubt. Huloet. AFFRA'Y, af-fra'. ) n. s. A tumultuous AFFRA'YMENT, af-fra'-ment. J assault. Tumult ; confusion. Spenser. AFFRE'T*, af-freV. n. 5. [fretta, Ital. speed.] Fu- rious onset; immediate attack. Spenser. AFFRFCTION, af-frlk'-shun. n. s. [affrictio, Lat.] The act of rubbing one thing upon another. Boyle. AFFRFENDED*, af-frend'-ed. pan. a. Reconciled ; made friends. Spenser. To AFFRFGHT$, af-frke'. v.a. [apyphtan, apop- fctan, Sax.] To affect with fear; to terrify. Shak. AFFRFGHT, af-frite'. 393. n.s. Tcrrour; fear. Dry den. The cause of fear. B. Jonson. AFFRFGHTEDLY#,af-frlle'-ed-le. ad. Under the impression of fear. AFFRFGHTER*, af-frlte'-ur. n. s. He who fright ens. Shelton. AFFRFGHTFUL, af-frlte'-ful. a. Terrible ; dread fill. Hall. AFFRFGHTMENT, af-frlte'-ment. n. s. Fear; ter- rour. Wotton. Fearfulness. Ban-ow. To AFFRO'NT^, af-frfint'. 1G5. v.a. [affronter, Fr.] To meet face to face. Shak. To meet in a hostile manner, front to front. Milton. To offer an open insult. Fairfax. AFFRO'NT, af-frunf. n. s. Insult offered to the face. Bacon. Outrage ; act of contempt. Milton. Open opposition; encounter. Milton. Disgrace; shame. Arbuthnot. AFFRO'NTER, af-frun'-tflr. 98. n.s. [affronieur, old Fr.l The person that affronts. AFFRONTING, af-frfin'-tlng. part. a. Contumeli- ous. Watts. AFFROOTIVE*, af-frfin'-tlv. a. Causing affront. Ash. AFFRO'NTIVENESS* af-frun'-tiv-nes. n. s. The quality that gives affront. Ash. To AFFU'SE $, af-fiW. v. a. [affundo, affusum, Lat.] To pour one thing upon another. Boyle. AFFUSION, af-fiy-zhon. n. s. [affusio, Lat.] The act ofpouring upon. Grew. To AFFY'§, af-fk v. a. [affier, Fr.] To betroth in order to marriage. Shak. To bind; to join. Mon- tagu. To AFFY', af-fK v. n. To put confidence in. Titus Andronicus. B. Jonson. totherby. Ob. J. AFFELD, a-feeld'. 275. a. To the field. Milton. In the field. Old Ballads. See Field. AFFRE*,a-flre'. ad. On fire. Gower. AFLA'T, a-flak ad. Level with the ground. Bacon. AFLO'AT, a-flile'. 295. ad. Floating. Shakspeare. AFOO'T, a-fuk 307. ad. On foot. Shakspeare. In action. Shakspeare. In motion. Shakspeare. AFO'RE^, a-fore'. prep, [ae-popan, Sax/] Not be- hind; obs. Before; nearer in place. Sooner in time. Shak. Prior or superiour to. Athan. Creed. Under the notice of. B. Jonson. In the power of: noting- the right of choice. B. Jonson. AFO'RE, a-fore'. ad. In time foregone or post. Es- dras. First in the way, Shak. In front; in the fore-part. Spenser. Rather than. B. Jcnson. AFO REGOING, a-fore'-go-lng. part. a. Going be. fore. Lilly. AFO'REHAND, a-fiW-hand. ad. By a previous provision. Government of the Tongue. Provided; prepared. Bacon. AFOREMENTIONED, a-fore'-meV-shfind. 362. a. Mentioned before. Addison. AFO'REMAMED, a-fore'-na'-med. 362. a. Named before, Peaeham. 72 AFT AGA -116, mflve, udr, n&t ;— (Abe, tub, bfill ;— 6il ;— pfifind 5 — thin, Tuis. AFORESAID, ii-lore'-side. a. Said before. Bacon. AFORETIME, a-tore'-dme. ad. In time pas(. Su- sannah. AFRA'ID, a-frade'. part. a. [arypjifc^ apojiht, Sax.] Struck with fear. Psalm lxxxiii. AFRESH, a-fresh'. ad. [apepcean, Sax.] Anew. Knotlcs. See Fresh. A'FRICAN* af-fre-kan. a. Belonging- to Africa. Sir T. Herbert. A'FRICAN, af-fre-kan. n. s. A native of Africa. Shakspeare. A kind of marigold. A'FRIGK*, iif-itfk. a. Belonging to Africa. Milton. A'FRICK*,iif-fr?k. n. s. The country of Africa. Shakspeare. Beniley. 4FRCVNT. a-fcfint'. 165. ad. In front. Sluxkspeare. AFT*, aft. ad. [apcan, Sax.] Abaft; cistern. A sea- term : ' fore and aft.' A'FTER$, af-tflr. 98. prep. Following in place. Shak. In pursuit of. 1 Sam.xx.iv. Behind. J\ewton. Posteriour in time.' Dryden. According to. Ba- con. In imitation of. Addison. AFTER, af-tur. ad. In succeeding time. Bacon. Following another. Sluxkspeare. A'FTER*. af-tur. n. s. Succeeding time. Young. ATTERACCEPTATION.aP-tur-ak-sep-ta'-shun. n. s. A sense not at first admitted. Dryden. ATTERACCO UNT* aP-tGr-ak-kounl'. n. s. Fu- ture reckoning. Killingbeck. A'FTERACT*, aP-tur-akt. n. s. An act subsequent to another. Lord Berkeley. A'FTERAGE* af-tflr-aje. n. s. Postern^. Milton. A'FTERAGES, af -tur-a'-jez. n. s. Successive times. Addison. AFTER ALL, aP-tur-alF. ad. When all has been taken into the view ; in fine 3 in conclusion ; upon the whole. Aiterbury. A'FTERAPPLICATION* af-tur^p-nle-ka'-shun. n. s. An application not made immediately. Cov- entry. A'FTER ATTACK* aP-t&r-at-tak'. a. s. An attack not made immediately. Warburton. A'FTERBAND*, aP-tur-band. n. s. A future band or chain. Milton. A'FTERBEARING* aP-tur-bare-mg. n. s. Usual or ordinary product. Sir T. Browne. AFTERBIRTH, aP-tur-bgrf/*. n.s. The membrane | in which the birth was involved} the secundine. Wiseman. A'FTERCLAP,af-tur-klap. n.s. Events happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser. A'FTERCOMER*, aP-tOr-kum-mur. n. s. A suc- cessour. Turbervile. A'FTERCOMFORT*, af-ttir-kum-furt. n. s. Future comfort. B. Jonson. A'FTER-CO'NDUCT* af-t&r-k&n'-dukt. w. s. Sub- sequent behaviour. Sherlock. ATTERCONVICTION^af-tur-kon-vik'-shun.rc.s. Future conviction. South. A'FTERCOST, af-lfir-kost. n. s. The latter charges. Mortimer. A'FTERCOURSE*, aP-tur-k6rse. n. s. Future course. Brown. A'FTERCROP, aP-tftr-krop. n. s. The second crop, or harvest of the same year. Mortimer. A'FTERDAYS*, af-tur-daze. n. s. Future days. Confrere. A'FTERDINNER, aP-tur-chV-nur. n. s. The hour passing just after dinner. Shakspeare. A'FTEREATAGE*, af-tur-e-tidje. n. s. Part of the increase of the same year. Bum. A'FTERENDEAVOUR, aP-tur-en-dev'-ur. n. s. An endeavour made after the first effort. Locke. A'FTERENQUIRY, aP-tur-en-kvvl'-re. n.s. En- quiry made after the fact committed. Shakspeare. To A'FTEREYE, af-tur-1. v. a. To keep one in view. Slwtkspeare. Ob. J. A'FTERGAME, af-uV-game. n. s. Methods taken after (he first turn of affairs. Wotton. Addison. A'FTERHOPE*, af-t&r-hope. n.s. Future hope. B. Jonson. A'FTERHOURS, aP-t5r-8urz. n. s. The hours that succeed. Shakspeare. 10 A'FTERIGNORANCE*, aP-tfir-lg'-n6-rause. n. 5 Subsequent ignorance. Stafford. A'FTERKINGS*, aP-lur-klngs. n. s. Succeeding kings. Shuckford. A FTERLIFE*, af'-t&r-llfe. n.s. The remainder of life. Dryden. A life after this. Butler. A'FTERLIVER, af-tur-uV-vfir. n. s. He that lives in succeeding times. Sidney. A'FTERLIVING* aP-t&r-llv-ing. n. s. Future days. Beaumont and Fletcher. A'FTERLOVE^f-tur-luv. n.s. The second or later love. Shal'speare. A'FTERMALICE* aP-tfir-mal-lls. n. s. Succeeding malice. Drtiden. AFTERMATH, aP-tfir-matfi. n. s. [after, and math, from mow.] The second crop of grass, mown in au- tumn. Holland. See Aftercrop. A'FTERMOST*, af-tur-most. a. Hindmost- Hawkesworth. AFTERNOON, aP-tur-n65n'. n. s. The time from the meridian to the evening. Sliakspeare. AFTERNOURISHMENT*,aP-tur-nur-r? S h-ment n. s. Future nourishment. Pericles. A'FTERPAINS, af -tur-pa.nz. n. s. The pains after birth, by which women are delivered of the secun- dine. A'FTERPART, aP-tur-part. n. s. The latter part AFTERPIECE*, aP-tur-peese. n. s. A farce, or any smaller entertainment, after the play. R. Cumberland. A'FTERPR,OOF, af -tfir-proof. n. s. Evidence pos teriour to the thing in question. Qualities known by subsequent experience. Wotton. A'FTERRECKONING^af-tur-rek'-k'n-mg. n. s. An account to be given hereafter. Goodman. Burke. A'FTERREPENTANCE*, af-tur-re-pent'-cinse n. s. Future repentance. South. A'FTERREPORT*, aP-tur-re-p6rt. n. s. Subse quent information or report. South. AFTERROTTENNESS*, af'-tur-rSt'-t'n-nes. n. s. Future rottenness. South. AFTERSTATE*, af-tur-state. n. s. The future state. Glanville. AFTERSTING*, af-lur-stlng. n. s. Subsequent sling. Ld. Hervey. AFTERSTORM*, af-t&r-sl6rm. n. s. Future storm Dryden. AFTERSUPPER*, af-tur-sfip-pfir. n. s. The time between supper and going to bed. Shakspeare. AFTERTASTE, af-tur-taste. n. s. Taste remain ing upon the tong-ue after the draught. AFTERTHOUGHT, af-tur-tfiawt! n. s. Reflec tions after the act. Dryden. AFTERTIME, aP-tur-tlme. n. s. Succeeding time Hill. AFTERTOSSING, af-tfir-tSs-ing. n. ?. The mo tion of the sea after a storm. Addison. AFTERWARD, af-tur-ward. 88. ad. In succeed- ing time 5 sometimes written afterwards, but less properly. Hooker. AFTERWISE*, aP-tur-wlze. a. Wise too late Addison.. AFTERWIT, aP-tur-wIt. n. s. Contrivance of expe- dients after the occasion of using them is past. L' Estrange. AFTERWITNESS* af-lur-w?t-nes. n. s. Future witness. Ld. Hervey. AFTERWRATH.af-uVratf;. n. s. Anger when the provocation seems past. Shakspeare. AFTERWRITERS*,af-tur-rl-(6rz. n. s. Succes- sive writers. Shuckford. AFTWARD* aft'-ward. See Aftermost. A'GA, a'-ga. n. s. The title of a Turkish military- officer in chief. AGAIN §, a-gSn 7 . 206. ad. [a^en, on-^ean, Sax.l A second time; once more. Bacon. On the other hand. Bacon. On another part. Dryden. In re- turn, noting re-action. Back ; in restitution. Shak. In return for any thing ; ii 1 recompense. Prov. xix. In order of rank or succession. Bacon. Besides 73 AGG AGI (CT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel ;— pine, pm ;— in any other time or place. Bacon. Twice as much. Pope. Again and again; often. Locke. In opposition : by way of resistance. Rom. ix. Back ; as returning from some message. Dent. i. In answer. 1. Sam. 55° We find this word written according to the general pronunciation in the Duke of Buckingham's verses to Mr. Pope : "I little thought of launching forth agen, " Amidst advent'rous rovers of the pen." W. AGA'INST, a-genst 7 . 206. prep. [sen£eon, on£eonb, Sax.] In opposition to any person. Gen. Contra- ry ; Hooker. In contradiction to any opinion. Tillotson. With contrary motion or tendency. Shak. Contrary to rule or law. Milton. Opposite to ; in place. Dryden. To the hurt of another. Sir J. Davies. In provision for ; in expectation of. Spenser. AGAIN WARD, a-gen'-ward. ad. Gower. Ob. T. For hithenvard. A'GALAXY, ag'-a-lak-se. 517. n. s. [a and yd\a, Gr.] Want of milk. Diet. AGATE, a-gape'. 75. ad. [a and gape.] Staring with eagerness. Milton. See Gape. A'GARICKjag'-a-rik.n.s. [agaricum, Lat.] A drug of use in physick, and the dyeing trade. It is male and female ; the male groAvs on oaks, the female on larches. Bacon. AGA'ST, a-gast 7 . a. Struck with terrour ; amazed. Milton. Usually, of late, aghast, which see. AGA'TE*, a-gate 7 . ad. [fromgait.] On the way ; ago- ing. Brewer. A provincialism. See Gait. A'GATE §, ag'-at. 91. n. 5. [agat, gemma, Goth.] A precious stone of the lowest class. Shakspeare. A'GATY, ag'-a-te. a. Of the nature of agate. Wood- ward. To AGA'ZE §, ag-aze'. v a. To strike with amaze- ment. Spenser. Ob. J. AGA'ZED, a-ga'-zed. part. a. Struck with amaze- ment. Sliakspeare. AGE, aje. n. s. Any period of time attributed to something as the whole, or part, of its duration. Sliak. A succession or generation of men. Sir J. Davies. The time in which any particular man, or men, lived. Pope. The space of a hundred years. The latter part of life; old-age. Sliak. Maturity ; ripeness. Hammond. In law : in a man, the age of fourteen years is the age of discretion , and twenty-one years is the full age : a woman at twenty-one is able to alienate her lands. Cowel. A'GED, a'-j£d. 363. a. Old ; stricken in years. Hooker. A'GEDLY, a'-jed-le. ad. After the manner of an aged person. Huloet. AGE'N, a-gen'. 206. ad. [aften, Sax.] Again ; in re- turn. Milton,. Dryden. See Again. AGENCY, a'-jen-se. n. s. The quality of acting. Woodward. The office of an agent or factor. Swift. AGEND* ad'-jend. ) n. s. [agendum, Lat.] A GE'ND UM*, ad-jen'-d&m. < Matter relating to the service of the church. Wxkocks. Bp. Barlov). AGENT §,a'-jent. a. [agens, Lat.] That which acts. Bacon. A'GENT, a'-jent. n. s. An actor. Hooker. A sub- stitute ; a deputy ; a factor. Shak. That which has the power of producing effects. Temple. AGENTSHIP, a'-jent-ship. n. s. The office of an agent. Beaumont and Fletcher. AGGELATION, ad-je-la'-sh&n. n. s. [gelu, Lat.] Concretion of ice. Brown. AGGENERATION, ad-jen-nur-a'-shun. n. s. [ad, and generatio, Lat.] The state of growing to an- other body. Brown. A'GGER*M'-fa-n. s. [Lat.] A fortress, or trench. Hearm. [Diet. To AGGERATE, ad'-jur-ate. v. a. To heap up. AGGERO'SE, ad-jur-6se'. a. [agger, Lat.] Full of heaps. Diet. 7Y> AGGLOMERATES, ag-gl&m'-mur-ale. v. a. [agglomero, Lat.] Togatherup in aball, as thread. \To gather together. Young. To AGGLO'MERATE, ag-gldm'-mfir-ate. v.n.To grow into one mass. Thomson. AGGLOMERATION*, ag-gl&m-mur-a'-shun. r..s Heap. Warton. AGGLU'TFNANTS, ag-gl.V-te-nants. n. s. Medi- cines having the power of uniting parts together. AGGLUTINANT*, ag-glu'-te-nant. a. Uniting parts together. Gray. To AGGLUTINATES, ag-glu'-te-nate. v. a. [ad, and gluten, Lat. glue.] To unite one part to an other. Harvey. AGGLUTINATION, ag-glu'-te-na'-shfin. n. s Union; cohesion. Howell. AGGLUTINATIVE, ag-glu'-te-na-tJv. 512. a. Having the power of agglutination. Wiseman. To AGGRA'CE §*, ag-grase\ v. a. [aggratiare, Ital.] To favour. Spenser. AGGRA'CE*, ag-grase'. n. s. Kindness ; favour. Spenser. AGGRANDIZATION*, ag-gran-de-za'-shun. n.s. The act of aggrandizing. vVaterliowe. To AGGRANDFZE§,ag'-gran-dlze. 159. v. a. [ag- grandiser, Fr.] To make great ; to enlarge; to exalt. Aylijfe. To increase. Sir T. Herbert. To A'GGRANDIZE* ag'-gran-dlze. v. n. To be- come greater ; to increase. John Hall. AGGRANDIZEMENT, ag'-gran-dlze-ment. [See Academy.] n. s. The state of being aggrandized. Ld. Chesterfield. AGGRANDIZER, ag'-gran-dize-ur. «. s. He that aggrandizes. To AGGRATE, ag-grate'. v. a. [aggratare, Ital.l To please ; to treat with civilities. Spenser. Ob. J. AGGRAVABLE§* ag'-gra-va-bl. a. Making any thing worse ; aggravating. Dr. H. More. To AGGRAVATE §,ag/-gra-vate. 91. v. a. [aggra- vo, Lat.] To make heavy ; used only metaphori- cally. Milton. To make any thing worse. Bacon. AGGRAVATION, ag-gra-vk'-shun. n. s. The act of making heavy. Hakewill. Enlargement to enormity. Addison. Extrinsical circumstances which increase guilt or calamity. Hammond. AGGREGATE, ag'-gre-gate. 91. a. Framed by the collection of any particular parts into one mass. Brown. AGGREGATE, ag'-gre-gate. n. s. Result of the conjunction of many particulars. Glanvilk. To AGGREGATE §, ag'-gre-gate. v. a. [aggrego, Lat.] To collect together ; to accumulate. Milton. AGGREGATELY*, ag'-gre-gate-le. ad. Collec- tively. Ld. Chesterfield. AGGREGATION, ag-gre-ga'-shfin. n. s. Collec- tion. Brown. The act of collecting many into one whole. Woodward. An aggregate. Bp. Bull. AGGREGATP7E* ag'-gre-ga-dv. a. Taken to- gether. Spelman. AGGREGATOR*, ag'-gre-ga-tor. n. s. [Lat.] He who collects materials. Burton. To AGGRESS $,ag-greV. v.n. [aggredior,aggres sum, Lat.] To commit the first act of violence Prior. AGGRE'SS*, ag-greV. n. s. [aggressus, low Lat.] Aggression. Hale. AGGRESSION, ag-gresh'-fln. n.s. The first act of injury. L'Estrange. AGGRE'SSOR, ag-gres'-s&r. 98,418. n.s. The person that first commences hostility. Dryden. AGGRFEVANCE, ag-gre'-vanse. n. s. Injury. Constitutions and Can. Eccl. See Grievance. To AGGRFEVE $, ag-greve'. 275. v. a. [agrever, old Fr.] To give sorrow; to vex. Spenser. To impose hardships upon ; to harass. To AGGRFEVE*, ag-greve'. v. n. To mourn ; to lament. Mir. for Mag. To AGGROUT, ag-gro6p'. v. a. [aggropare, Ital.} To bring together into one figure. Dryden. A term of painting. AGHA'ST, a-gast'. a. Struck with horrour. Spen- ser. Milton. Dryden. A'GILE §, aj'-il. 140. a. [agilis, Lat.] Nimble ; ready. Shakspeare. A'GILENESS, aj'-fl-nes. n.s. Nimbleness ; agifity 74 AGO AGR — n6, move ndr n6t; -tube, tflb, bull ;— 6il ; — pdfind ; — thin, thjs. AGI'LITY, aju'-e-te. 511. n. s. Nimbleness; quick- ness. Watts. AGl'LLOCHUM, ft-jllMkkftiti. n. s. Aloes-wood. Quincy. A' GIO,'k' -je-6. n. s. [Italian.] A mercantile term, chiefly in Holland and Venice, for the difference between the value of bank notes, and the current money. Chambers. To AGFST^a-jfst'. v.a. [giste,Vr.] To take in and feed cattle at a certain rate. Blount. AGISTMENT, aj-k'-ment. n. s. The feeding of cattle in a common pasture, for a stipulated price. Bluckstcme. Tithe due for the profit made by agist- ing". An embankment ; earth heaped up. AGISTOR, a-j'fs'-tur. n. s. An officer of the king's forest. HoweU. A'GITABLE, aj'-e-ta-bl. a. That which may be agitated. ToA'GITATE$, aj'-e-tate. 91. v.a. [agito, Lat.] To put in motion. To be the cause of motion. Blackmore. To affect with perturbation. To stir; to discuss. Boyle. To contrive; to revolve. K. diaries. AGITATION, aj-e-ta'-shon. n. s. Moving or shak- ing any thing. Bacon. The state of being moved. Discussion ; controversial examination. L'Es- t range. Violent motion of the mind. Shak. Delib- eration; contrivance. Swift. AGITATOR, aj-e-ta'-tfir. 521. n. s. [agitateur, Fr.] He who regulates affairs of the army. Sir T. Her- bert. He who manages affairs. Burke. A'GLET, ag'-lgt. n. s. [aiguillette, Fr.] A tag of a point curved into the shape of little images. Hay- ward. The pendants at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in tulips. A'GMINAL,ag'-me-nal. a. [agmen,Lal.] Belonging to a troop. Did. A'GNAIL, ag'-nale. n. s. [agga and nagel, Sax.] A disease of the nails ; a whitlow. AGNATE$*,ag-nate'. a. [agnatm, Lat.] Allied to ; akin ; from the father. See Agnation. AGNATICK*, ag-nat'-ik. a. Relating to kindred by descent from the father. Blackstone. AGNATION, ag-na'-shfin. n. s. Descent from the same father in a direct male line. Alliance } con- nexion. Pownall. AGNITION, ag-nish'-un. «. s. [agnitio, Lat.] Ac- knowledgement. Pearson. To AGNIZE §,ag-nlze'. v. a. [agniser, Fr.] To ac- knowledge. SJiakspeare. Ob. X. To AGNOMINATED, ag-n&m'-me-nate. v. a. [agnomino, Lat.] To name. Locrine. AGNOMINATION, ag-nom-me-na'-sh&n. n. s. Al- lusion of one word to another, by sound. Camden. A'GNUS*, ag'-nus. n. s. [Lat.] In the Romish church, a little image, representing our Saviour in the figure of a lamb. Brevint. AGNUS CASTUS, ag'-nus-kas'-t&s. n.s. [Lat.] The name of the Chaste Tree, so called from an imaginary virtue of preserving chastity. Dry den. AGO', a-gv, Gr.] The pangs of death. Sidney*. Any violent pain. Spen- ser. It is particularly used in devotions to signify our Redeemer's conflict in the garden. Hooker. Violent contest or striving. More. AGO'OD, a-gud'. ad. In earnest ; not fictitiously. SJiakspeare., Ob. J. AGOUTY,a-g6S'-te. n.s. An animal of the Antilles, of the bigness of a rabbit, with bright red hair, and a little tail without hair. Trevoux. To AGRA'CE §, a-grase'. v. a. See To Ag grace. AGRA'3IMATIST, a-gram'-ma-ust. n. s. [a and ypdutxa, Gr.] An illiterate man. Diet. AGRA'RIAN ' '-re-an. grounds. [agrarius, Lat.] Re- Wren. Burke. lating to fields To AGRE'E$, a-gree 7 . v.n. [agreer, Fr.] To be in concord. Browne. To grant ; to yield to. 2. Mac- cabees. To settle amicably. Clarendon. To set- tle terms by stipulation ; followed by with. Matt. v. To settle a price. Matt. xx. To be of the same mind or opinion. Clarendon. To concur ; to co-operate. Prior. To settle some point. Hooker. To be consistent. Mark, xiv. To suit with. Wis- dom. To cause no disturbance in the body. Ar- huthnot. To AGRE'E, a-gree'. v. a. To put an end to a vari- ance. Spenser. To make friends. Roscommon. AGREE ABI'LITY* a-gree-a-bll'-e-te.. n. s. [ogre ablete, Fr.] Easiness of disposition. Chaucer. AGRE'E ABLE, a-gree'-a-bl. a. Suitable to; con sistent with. Brown. Agreeably. Locke. Pleas- ing. Addison. AGRE'EABLENESS, a-gree' -a-bl-nSs. n. s. Con- sistency with. Locke. The quality of pleasing. Bp. Taylor. Resemblance ; likeness. Grew. AGRE'EABLY, a-gree'4-ble. ad. Consistently with. Pleasingly. Swift. Alike; in a corre sponding manner. Spenser. AGRE'ED, a-greed'. part, a. Settled by consent. Locke. AGRE'EINGLY*, a-gree'-?ng-le. ad. In conformity to. Sheldon. AGRE'EINGNESS, a-gree'-mg-nSs. n. s. Con sistence ; suitableness. AGRE'EMENT, a-gree'-me'nt. n. s. Concord. Ec- clus. Resemblance of one thing to another. Ba- con. Compact; bargain. Isaiah. AGRE'STICK, a-greV-tlk. ) a. \agrestis, Lat. AGRE'STICAL,a-gres'-te-kal.C Rude; rustick AGRE'STIAL*,a-gres'-tshe-al.) Gregory. Swan AGRICOLATION, ag-re-ko-la'-shfln. «. s. [agric ola, Lat,] Culture of the ground. Did. AGRICU'LTOR* ag-re-kuj'-tur. n, s. A husband- man. See Agriculturist. AGRICULTURAL*, ag-re-kul'-tshu-ral, a. Relat ing to agriculture, Smith's Wealth of Nations. A'GRICULTURE, ag'-re-kul-tshure. 462. n.s. [ag- ricultura T Lat.] The art of cultivating the ground. Brown. AGRIC U'LTURISM*, ag-re-kul'-tshu-rlzm, n. s The science of agriculture. AGRICULTURIST*, ag-re-kul'-lshu-r?st. n. s One skilled in the art of cultivating the ground, A'GRIMON Y, ag'-re-m&n-ne. 557. n.s. [agrimonia, LatJ The name of a plant. Miller. To AGRI'SE, a-grlze'. w. n. [a^pifan, SaxJ To shiver for fear, or through pity. Chaucer. Ob. J. To AGRI'SE, a-grlze'. v. a. To affright , to terrify. Sveriser. To disfigure ; to make frigntful. Spenser AGRO'UND, a-grouud'. 313. ad. Stranded Sir 15 AIM AIT (p= 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me mel;— pine, pin;— Walter Raleigh. Hindered in the progress of af- fairs. A'GUE§,i'-g6e.335.n. intermitting - fever, Sliakspeare. To A'GUE*, a'-gdie. v. a. To strike as with an ague Haywood. A'GUED, a'-gfi-Sd [agis, Goth, terrour.] An with cold fits succeeded by hot. 362 359. a. Struck with an ague. Shalcspeare. In little use. A'GUEFIT, a'-gue-fit. n. s. The paroxysm of the ague. Sliakspeare. A'GUEPROOF, a'-gue-prfiSf. a. Proof against agues. Shalcspeare. To AGUE'RRY*, v. a. [aguerrir, Fr.l To inure to the hardships of war ; to instruct in the art of war. Lyttleton. A'GUE-SPELL*, a'-gue-spel n. s. A charm for the ague. Gay. A'GUE-STRUCK* a'-gfie-strfik. a. Striken as with an ague. Hewyt. A'GUE-TREE, a'-gta-tree. n. s. A name sometimes given to sassafras. Diet. To AGUFSE, a-gylze'. v. a. To dress ; to adorn. Spenser. Ob. J. See Guise. AGUI'SEVd-gyjze 7 . n. s. Dress. More. Ob. T. A'GUISH, a'-gu-fsh. a. Having the qualities of an ague. B. Jonson. A'GUISHNESS, a'-gu-Ish-nes. n. s. Quality of re- sembling an ague. AH f, a. interj. A word noting sometimes dislike and censure. Isaiah. Sometimes contempt and exul- tation. Psalm xxxv. Most frequently, compassion and complaint. Dryden. When followed by that, it expresses vehement desire. Dryden. AHA y , AHA 7 ! a-ha'. interj. A word intimating tri- umph and contempt. Psalm xxxv. AHEAD, a-hed x . ad. Farther onward than another. Dryden. Headlong; precipitantly. U Estrange. AH EIGHT, a-hlte'. ad. Aloft; on high. Shak. AHFGH* a-hl'. ad. On high. Shalcspeare. AHOLD*, a-h6ld'. ad. A sea-term. To lay a ship ahold } is to bring her to lie as near the wind as she' can, in order to get her out to sea. Sliakspeare. AHO UA'I, &-h66-ae'. n, s, The name of a poison- ous plant. AHO'Y*, a-hSe'. interj. A sea-term ; of much the same import as Iwlla. Cumberland. AHU'NGRY*, a-hflng'-gre. a. Hungry. Shak. The expletive an is thus prefixed to hunger in an-hun- gered. AJAR*, a-jar'. ad. Half opened. To AID§, ade. 202. u. a. [aider, Fr.] To help. Spenser. AID, ade. n.s. [aibe,Sax.] Help ; support. Waits. A helper. Tobit,v\\\. In law, a subsidy. Cowel. A'IDANCE, ade'-anse. n.s. Help; support. Shak. A'IDANT, ade'-ant. a. Helping; helpful. Shak. Ob. J. AIDE-DE-CAMP*, ade-de-kawng'. n.s. [Fr.] A military officer, employed under a general to con- vey his orders. £5" This word, like most other military terms from the French, is universally adopted; but the polite pronun- ciation of the nasal vowel in the last syllable is not to be attained by a mere Englishman. See Encore. W. ATDER, ade' -fir. n. s. A helper. Bacon. A'IDLESS, ade'-les. a. Helpless. Sliakspeare. A'IGRE*, a'-gr. n.s. The impetuous flowing of the sea. A'IGRET* a'-gret. n.s. [aigrette, Fr.] The egret, or heron. See Egret. MGULET, a'-gu-lgt. n. s. [aigulet, Fr.] A point with tags. Spenser. To AIM, ale. v. a. [Agio, Goth.] To pain; to trouble. Gen. xxi. To affect in any manner. Sid- ney. To feel pain. AIL, ale 202. n. $. [e£le, Sax.] A disease. Pope. ATLMENT, ale'-ment. n. s. Pain ; disease. Gran- ville. AILING, ale'-lng. part. a. Sickly; full of com- plaints. To AIMS, ame. 202. v.n.Jesmer.'] To endeavour | to strike with a missile weapon. Pove. To point the view. Spenser. To guess. To AIM, ame. v. a. To direct the missile weapon. Dryden. AIM, ame. n. s. The direction of a missile weapon. Dryden. The point to which the tning thrown is directed. Shak. A. purpose; a scheme ; figura- tively. Milton. The object of a design. Locke. Conjecture; guess. Spenser. AFMER*, a'-mfir. n. s. One who aims. Wood. MMLESS*, W-les. a. Without aim. May. AIR$, are. 202. n. s. [ae'r, Lat.l The element en- compassing the terraqueous globe. Watts. The slate of the air. Bacon. Air in motion; a small gentle wind. Milton. Pope. Scent; vapour. Ba- con. Blast; pestilential vapour. Shak. Anything light or uncertain. Shak. The open weather. Dryden. Vent; utterance. Dryden. Publication. Pope. Intelligence; information. Bacon. Musick. Shak. Poe"y; a song. Milton. The mien, or manner, of t ne person; the look. Milton. An af- fected manner or gesture. Dryden. Appearance. Pope. To AIR, ire. v. a. To expose to the air. Hooker. To gratify, by enjoying the open air. Shak. To air; to warm by the fire. To breed in nests; in this sense it is derived from aei-ie, a nest. Careiv. MRBALLOON*, are'-bal-loSn'. n. s. A machine, filled with air, which mounts to a considerable height. See Baeeoon. | MRBLADDER, are'-blad-dfir. n. s. Any cuticle or vesicle filled with air. Arbuthnot. The bladder in fishes, by which they rise or fall. Cudworth. A'IR-BORN*, are'-bSrn. a. Born of the air. Con- greve. MR-BRAVING*, are'-bra-vmg. part. a. Defying the winds. Shalcspeare. MRBUILT, are'-bllt. a. Built in the air, i. e. with- out any solid foundation. Pope. A'IR-DRAWN, are'-drawn. a. Drawn or painted in air. Shalcspeare. Ob. J. MR-EMBRACED*, are'-em-braste. a. Sandys. Ps. civ. A'IRER, are'-Sr. 98. n. s. He that exposes to the air. A'IR-HOLE, are'-hole. n. s. A hole to admit air. A'IRINESS, are'-e-nes. «. s. Openness; exposure to the air. Lightness; gayety; levity. Fetton. A 7 ] RING, are'-lng. 4 JO. n.s. A short journey to enjoy the free air Addison. A'IRLESS, are'-les. a. Wanting communication with the free air. Sliakspeare. A'IRLING, are'-ling. 410. n. s A thoughtless, gay person. B. Jonson. A'IRGUN*, are'-gfin. n.s. A species of gun charged with air, instead of powder. Diet. A'IRPOISE*, are'-poeze. n. s. An instrument to measure the weight of the air. Hist. Royal Society. A'IRPUMP, are'-pump. n. s. A machine by whose means the air is exhausted out of proper vessels. Chambers. A'IRSHAFT, are'-shaft. n. s. A passage for the air into mines and subterraneous places. Ray. MR-STIRRING*, are'-st&r-rlng. a. That which puts the air in motion. May. AaR-THRE'ATENING*, are'-tfireYt'n-lng. adj . Threatening the air; lofty. Mir. for Mag. A'IRY, are'-C. a. Composed of air. Bacon. Re- lating to the air. Boyle. High in air. Addison. Open to the free air. Spenser. Light as air; thin ; unsubstantial. Slunk. Wanting reality. Milton. Fluttering; loose. Di-yden. Gay; sprightly. Bp. Taylor. AIRY-FLYING*, are'-e-fll-'ing. a. Flying like air. Thomson. AIRY-LIGHT*, are'-e-lite. a. Light as air. Mil- ton. AISLE, He. 207. n. s. [aile, Fr. ala, Lat. wing.] The walk in a church, or wing of a quire. Addison. AIT, cr EYGHT, ate. 202. n. s. Supposed to be corrupted from islet. A small island in a river. Skinner. 7G ALB ALE -no, nidve, ndr, not;— tube, tub, bull; — 6'il ;— pd&nd ; — tli'm, thjs. A JCTAGK. id -ju-taje. „. s . [Fr.] An additional pipe to water-works. Diet. To ARE. tike. ood. r. n. To feel a pain. Shak. AKFN. a-kln. a. Related to. Sidney. Allied to by nature. Prior. AL. ATTLE. ADALE, seem to be corruptions of the Saxon JEpel, noble, famous. AL, ALD, being initials, are derived from the Saxon Ealb, anciciU. AL is also the Arabick prefix to many of our words : as, al-coran, al-cove, al-chymy, al- embiclc. al-manack. A LABASTER. iU'-d-bas-tor. 98. n. s. [ and tfdppaKov.] That which drives away poison or iwfection. Brown. Properly Alexipharmack. ALEXITE'RICAL. a4k-se-ter'-r£-kal. 509. > ALEXITE'RICK, ' a-lel-se-teV-rik. \ a ' [aXelf'w.] That which drives away poison, or fevers. A'LGA*, al'-ga. n. s. [Lat.] Sea- weed. B. Jonson. Dryden. ALGATES, al'-gates. ad. [algeafeej-, Sax. all- ways.] On any terms ; everyway. Fairfax. Ob. J. ALGEBRAS, al'-je-bra. 84. n.s. [an Arabick word of uncertain etymology.] A kind of arithmetick, which takes the quantity sought as if it were grant- ed, and, by means of one or more quantities given, proceeds by consequence, till the quantity at first only supposed to be known, or at least some power thereof, is found to be equal to some quantity or quantities which are known, and consequently it- self is known. Chambers. ALGEBRAICAL, al-je-bra'-e-kal. > a. Relating to ALGEBRA'ICK, al-je-bra'-fk. $ algebra. Con- taining operations of algebra. Bp. Berkeley. ALGEBRAIST, al-je-bra'-fet. n. s. A person that understands the science of algebra. Graunt. ALGID $,al'-j?d. 84. a. [algidus, Lat.] Cold ; chill. Did. ALGFDITY, al-)?d'-de-te. 511. ) n.s. Chilness ; cold. ALGIDNESS,al / -j?d-ne's. ( Diet, ALGFFICK, al-jif-fik. 509. a. [algor, Lat.] That which produces cold. Diet. A'LGOR, al'-g6r. n. s. [Lat.] Extreme cold. Diet. 55° The in the last syllable of this word escapes being pronounced like u from its being Latin and seldom used. 418. W. To. ALGORISM, al'-go-rfem. 557. \ n. s. Arabick words ALGORITHM, aF-go-rfc/im. \ implying the six operations of arithmetick. Sir T. More. ALGO'SE, al-g6se'. 427. a. Extremely cold. Diet. ALGUAZIL*, al-gwa-zele'. n. s. [Span.] An infe- riour officer of justice; a constable. Smollet. A'LIAS, a'-le-as. ad. A Latin word, signifying otJierwise ; as, Simson alias Smith, alias Baker. Sir T. Herbert. In law : a writ of capias, issued a second time. Blaekstone. A'LLBfr, al'-e-bl. n. s. [Lat.] Elsewhere. The plea of a person, who, to prove himself innocent, alleges, that, at the time stated in the accusation, he was at some place remote from that in which the fact was said to have been committed. ALIBLE, al'-e-bl. 405. a. [alibilis, Lat.] Nutritive ; nourishing. Diet. A'LIEN^ale'-yen. 505. a. [aliemts, Lat.] Foreign. Dryden. Estranged from. Boyle. ALffiN, ale'-yen. 113,283. n.s. A foreigner. Hook- er. In law : one born in a strange country, and never enfranchised. Cowel. To ALIEN, ale'-yen. v. a. To make any thing the property of another. Hale. To estrange. Claren- don. ALIENABLE, ale'-yen-a-bl. a. That of which the property may be transferred. Dennis, v ALIENATE, ale'-yen-ate. v. a. To transfer Eroperty to another. Bacon. To withdraw the eart or affections. Hooker. $5= There is a strong propensity in undisciplined speakers to pronounce this word with the accent on the e in the penultimate ; but this cannot be too carefully avoided, as all the compounds of alien have invariably the accent on the first syllable. But whether the a in this sylla- ble be long or short, is a dispute among our best or- thoepists. Mr. Perry, Mr. Buchanan, W. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Elphinston, join it with the conso- nant, and make it short ; but Mr. Sheridan separates it from the I, and makes it long and slender : and though Mr. Elphinston's opinion has great weight with me, yet I here join with Mr. Sheridan against them all ; not only because I judge his pronunciation of this word the most agreeable to the best usage, but because it is agree- able to an evident rule which lengthens every vowel with the accent on it, except i when followed by a sin- gle consonant and a diphthong. See Principles, No. 505, 534. "O! alienate from Heav'n, O spirit accurst !" Milton's Par. Lost, B. V. 877. W. ALIENATE, ale'-yen-ate. a. Withdrawn from. Swift. ALtENA'TE*, ale'-yen-ate. n.s. A stranger; an alien. Stapleton. ALIENATION, ale-yen-a'-shfin. n.s. The act of transferring property. Spenser. The state of being alienated. Bp.HaU. Change of affection. Bacon. Disorder of the faculties. Hooker. ALIENATOR*, ale-yen-a'-tor. n.s. He who trans- fers or alienates. Warton. ALI'FE*, a-llfe'. ad. On my life. Shakspeare. ALPFEROUS, a-lif-fer-fis. 314. a. [ala and fero, Lat.] Having wings. Diet. ALFGEROUS, a-lij'-er-os. 314. .a. [aliger, Lat.l Having wings. To ALPGGE, a-lig'. v. a. See To Alegge. To ALFGHT,a-Hte'. v.n. [ahhtean, Sax.] To come down and stop. Spenser. To fall upon. Dryden. ALPKE, a-llke'. a. With resemblance ; without dif- ference. Psalm exxxix. Milton. ALFKE-MINDED*, a-llke'-mlnd-ed. part. a. Hav- ing the same mind. Bp. Hall. ALIMENTS, al'-le-me'nt. n. s. [alimentum, Lat.] Nourishment; food. Glanville. ALIME'NTAL, al-le-men'-tal. a. That which nour- ishes. Milton. ALIME'NTALLY, al-le-meV-tal-e. ad. So as to serve for nourishment. Brown. ALIME'NTARINESS, al-le-meV-ta-re-nes. n. s. The quality of being alimentary. Diet. ALIMENTARY, al-le-men'-ta-re. a. That which belongs to aliment, or has the power of nourishing. Ra.y. ALIMENTATION, al-le-meVta'-shfa. n. s. The 78 ALL ALL — n6, move, n6r, not ; — tube, tub, bull ; — dil ; — pound ; — thin, this. power of affording 1 aliment. The state of being nourished. Bacon. 4L1MOMOUS, al-le-m6'-n£-as. a. That which nourishes. Harvey. Very little in use. ALIMONY $, al'-le-mun-ne. 546. n. s. [alimonia, Lat.] That legal proportion of the husbands es- tate, which is allowed to the wife, upon the account of separation from him. Ayliffe. ALIQUANT, dl'-le-qwdnt. a. [aliquantus, Lat.l Parts of a number, which, however repeated, will never make up tne number exactly ; as, 3 is an aliquant of 10, thrice 3 being 9, four times 3 mak- ing 12. ALIQUOT, alMe-qwot. a. [aliquot, Lat.] Aliquot parts of any number are such as will exactly mea- sure without any remainder ; as, 3 is an aliquot part of 12. Clarke. A L1SH, ale'-Ish. a. Resembling ale. Mortimer. A'LITURE, al'-e-tsh&re. n. s. [alitura, Lat.] Nour- ishment. Diet. A LITE, a-llve'. a. In the state of life. Dry den. Unextinguished j undestroyed. Hooker. Cheer- ful ; sprightly. Clarissa. In a popular sense, it is used only to add an emphasis; as, the best man alive. Spenser. ALKAHEST, al'-ka-h£st. 84. n. s. A universal dis- solvent, which has the power of resolving all things into their first principles. ALKALESCENT, al-ka-les'-sent. a. Having a tendency to the properties of an alkali. Arbuth- not. A'LKALI§, al'-ka-le. 84. n.s. [from an herb, called by the Egyptians kali ; by us, glasswort.l Any substance, which, when mingled with acid, pro- duces ebullition and effervescence. ALKALINE, ai'-ka-lln. 150. a. Having the quali- ties of alkali. Arbvihnot. To ALKA'LIZATE, al-kal'-le-zate. v. a. To make bodies alkaline. ALKA'LIZATE, al-kal'-le-zate. a. Impregnated with alkali. Boyle. ALKALIZA'TION, al-ka-le-za'-shfin. n. s. Act of alkalizating, or impregnating bodies with alkali. A'LKANET, al'-ka-net n. s. [Anchusa, Lat.] The name of a plant. Miller. ALKEKE^NGI, al-ke-ken'-je. n. s. A medicinal fruit or berry, called winter-cherry. Clwmbers. ALKERMES, al-ker'-mez. n. s. A celebrated remedy, of which kermes berries are the basis. Chambers. ALL$,all. 77. a. [JEW, JEal, ealle, alle, Sax.] The whole number; every one. SliaJc. Every part. Locke. ALL, all. ad. [See All, a.] Quite; completely. Spenser. Altogether; wholly. Dry den. Only. Sliak. Although; but obsolete in this sense. Spenser. ALL, all. n. s. The whole. Shak. Every thing. Shak. All is much used in composition ; but, in most instances, it is merely arbitrary ; as appears in the following compounds. ALL- ABANDONED*, all-a-ban'-dund. part. a. De- serted bv all. SheUon. ALL- ABHORRED*, all-ab-h6r'd'. part. a. Detested by all. Shakspeare. ALL- ADMIRING*, all-ad-ml'-rlng. part. a. Wholly admiring. Shakspeare. ALL-ADVISED*, all-ad-vlz'd'. part. a. Advised by all. Bp. Warburton. ALL-APPROVED*, all-ap-proov'd'. a. He who is approved by all. More. ALL- ATONING*, all-a-t6ne' ?ng. part. a. Atoning for all. Dryden. Burke. ALL-BEARING, all-ba'-rfng. a. That which bears every thing ; omniparous. Marston. ALL-BEAUTEOUS*, all-bu'-tshe-fis. a. Complete- ly beautiful. Pope. ALL-BEHOLDING*, all-be-h6le'-dlng. a. That which beholds all things. Drayton. ALL-BLASTING*, aB-blas'-ting. part. a. That which blasts, defames, or destroys all things. Marston ALL-CHANGING*, all-tshanje'-lng. part. a. That which is perpetually changing. Sixakspeare. ALL-CHEERING, all-tshe^-ring. a. That which fives gayety and cheerfulness to all. Shakspeare. L-COMMANDlNG,all-kdm-mand'-lng. a. Hav ing the sovereignty over all. Raleigh. ALL-COMPLYING*, all-k&m-pllMng. part. a. Yielding or complying in every respect. More. ALL-COMPOSING, all-k&m-po'-zing. a. That which quiets all. Crasliaw. ALL-COMPREHENSIVE*, all-k6m-pre-hen / -slv. a. Comprehending all things. Glanville. ALL-CONCEALING*, all-k6n-sele'-ing. part. a. That which conceals all things. Spenser. ALL-CONQUERING, all-k6ng'-kar-lng. 334. a. That which subdues every thing. Milton. ALL-CONSTRAINING*, all-k6n-stra'-nlng. part, a. That which restrains or subjugates all things. Drayton. ALL-CONSUMING, all-k6n-su'-ming. a. That which consumes every thing. Pope. ALL-DARING*, all-da'-ring. a. That which dares attempt every thing. B. Jonson. ALL-DESTROYING*, all-de-str6e'-?ng. part. a. Destroying all things. Sir R. Fanshaw. ALL-DEVASTING*, all-de-vas / -dng. part. a. Wasting all things. Sandys. ALL-DEVOURING, ill-de-vSur'-lng. a. That which eats up every thing. Pope. ALL-DIMMING*, all-dlm'-mlng. part. a. That which obscures all things. Marston. ALL-DISCOVERING*, all-dls-kfiv'-ur-fng. part, a. Disclosing - every thing. More. ALL-DISGRACED*, all-dis-graste'. part. a. Com- pletely disgraced. Shakspeare. ALL-DISPENSING*, all-dis-pen'-s?ng. part. a. That which dispenses all things. Milton. That which affords any dispensation or permission. Dryden. ALL-DIVINE*, all-de-vine', a. Supremely excel- lent. Howell. ALL-DD7INING* all-de-vi'-nlng. part. a. Foretell- ing all things. Sir R. Fanshaw. ALL-DREADED*, all-dred'-ed. a. Feared by all. Shakspeare. ALL-DROWSY*, all-drdtV-ze. a. Very drowsy. Brown. ALL-ELOQUENT*, all-eF-6-kwent. a. Having all the force of eloquence. Pope. ALL-EMBRACING* all-em-brase'-ing. part. a. Embracing all things. Crashaw. ALL-ENDING*, alf-en'-dhig. part. a. That which ends all things. Shakspeare. ALL-ENLIGHTENING*, all-en-ll't'n-lng. part. a. Enlightening - all things. C. Cotton. ALL-ENRAGED*, all-en-raj'd'. a. Greatly enrag- ed. J. Hall. ALL-FLAMING*, all-fla'-mfng. part. a. Flaming in every direction. Beaumont. ALL-FOOLS-DAY*, all-fSolz-da'. n. t. The first of April, when every body, says the Spectator, strives to make as many fools as he can; an old [but foolish] custom. Brand. ALL-FORGIVING*, all-for-gfv'-?ng. a. Forgiving all. Dryden. ALL-FOURS, all-forz'. n. s. A low game at cards, played by two. The all-four are high, low, Jack, and the game. The arms used together with the legs on the ground. [things. Milton. ALL-GIVER*, all-giv'-fir. n. s. The Giver of all ALL-GOOD*, al-gaaV. n.s. A Being of unlimited foodness ; used also as an adj. Dryden. L-GUIDING* all-gyl'-ding. part, a, Guiding all things. Sandys. ALL-HAIL §, all-h^e'.w.*. Ail health; a term of salutation. St. Matthew, xxviii. To ALL-HAIL*, all-hale', v. a. To salute. Shak. ALL HALLOW, a31-hal'-l6. )n. s. All-saints- ALL HALLOWS, all-hal'-tozej day ; the first of November. ALL-HALLOWMASS* all-hal'-l6-mas. n. s. The term near Al!-saints-day. Bourne. 79 ALL ALL U* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat j— me, met ;— pine, p?r fart. which has ALL-HALLOWN, all-halMfin. a. The time about All-saints-day. Shakspeare. ALL-HALLOWTIDE, all-halM6-tlde. n. s. See All-Hallown. Bacon. ALL-HEAL, all-hele'. n. s. A species of iron-wort. Stukeley. ALL-HEALING*, all-hele'-frig. part. a. Healing all things. Selden. ALL-HELPING*, ali-heT-pmg. part. a. Assisting all things. Selden. ALL-HIDING*, all-lri'-dlng. part. a. Concealing all things. Sliakspeare ALL-HONOURED*, all-on'-nQrd. part. a. Honour- ed by all. Sliakspeare. ALL-HURTING*, all-hurt'-mg. part, a. Hurting all things. Shakspeare. ALL-IDOLIZING*, all-l'-do-ll-zlng. part. a. Wor- shipping any thing. Crashaw. ALL-IMITATING*, all-We-ta-tfng. part. a. Imi- tating every thing. More. ALL-INFORMING*, all-m-fSW-lng. part. a. That which actuates by vital powers. Sandys. ALL-INTERPRETING*, all-?n-teV-pre-tmg. a. Interpreting or explaining all things. M& ALL-JUDGING, all-iud'-jing. a. That whic the sovereign right of judgement. Rowe. ALL-KNOWING, all-n^-lng. a. Omniscient ; all wise. Atterbury. ALL-LICENSED*, all-ll'-senst. part. a. Licensed to every thing. Shakspeare. ALL-LOVING*, all-luv'-'mg. a. Of infinite love More. ALL-MAKING, all-ma'-klng. a. That created all 3 omnifick. Dryden. ALL-MATURING*, all-ma-uV-rfng. a. That winch matures all things. Drvden. ALL-MURDERING*, lll-mur'-diV-fog-. pletely destructive. Sir R. Fanshai ALL-OBEDIENT*, all-i-be'-je-ent. a. Absolutely obedient. Crashaw. ALL-OBEYING*, all^-ba'-Ing. pari. a. That to which all pay obedience. Shakspeare. ALL-OBLIVIOUS*, all-o-bhV-ve-us. a. That which would cause entire for^etfulness. Shakspeare ALL-OBSCURING*, all-6b-skiV-rIng. part. a. That which hides all things. Bp. Henry King. ALL-PENETRATING*, all-pen'-ne-tra-dng. part a. Pervading all things. Stafford. ALL-PERFECTNESS*, all'-per'-fekt-nes. n. s. The perfection of the whole. More. ALL-PIERCING*, all-pe^-smg, or all-peV-smg. part. a. Discovering all things. Marston. ALL-POWERFUL, all-puu^ar-ful. a. Almighty ; omnipotent. Swift. ALL-PRAISED*, all-pra'-zed, or all-praz'd'. part. a. Praised by all. Shakspeare. ALL-RULING*, all-roSl'-mg. part. a. Governing all things. Milton. ALL-SAINTS-DAY, all-santz-da'. n. s. The day on which there is a general celebration of the saints. The first of November. ALL-SANCTIFYING*, all-sangk'-te-fl-kg.part. a. That which sanctifies the whole. West. ^ ALL-SAVING*, all-sa'-vlng. part. a. Saving all things. Selden. ALL-SEARCHING*, all-sertsh'-fng. pan. a. That which searches and pervades all things. Saidh. ALL-SEER §, all-seer 7 , n.s. He that sees or beholds everv thing. Shakspeare. ALL-SEEING, all-see'-mg. a. That which beholds every thing. Dryden. ALL-SHAKING*, all-sha'-king. part. a. That which shakes all things. Shakspeare. ALL-SHUNNED*, alF-sh&n'd. part. a. Shunned by all. Shakspeare. ALL-SOULS-DAY. all-s&z-da 7 . n. s. The day on which supplications are made for all souls by the church of Rome ; the second of November. Shak. ALL-SUFFICIENCY )*, all-suf-flsh'-en-se. n. s. In- finite ability. Bp. Hall. ALL-SUFFlCIENT, all-suf-ffsh'-ent. a. Sufficient to every thing. Hooker. ALL-SUFFICIENT*, all-sfif-flsh'-ert. n. s. Proper ly and emphatically denoting God. Wliitlock. ALL-SURVEYING*, all-sar-va'-fog. part. a. That which beholds all things. Sandys. ALL-SUSTAINING*, all-sus-ta'-nlng. part, a. That which upholds all things. Sir J. Beauvwnt. ALL-TELLING*, all-telMlng. part. a. That which tells or divulges all things. Shakspeare. ALL-TRIUMPHING*, all-trl'-um-flng. part. a. Every where triumphant. B. Jonson. ALL-WATCHED*, all-wolsht'. part. a. Watched throughout. Sliakspeare. ALL-WISE, all-wlze'. a. Possessed of infinite wis- dom. South. ALL-WITTED*, all-wlt'-ted. a. Possessing every kind of wit. B. Jonson. ALL-WORSHIPPED*, all-wur'-shipt. part. a. Adored by all. Milton. ALLANTO'IS^V&n-tby. )«./?. [a\\as ALLANTO'IDES, al-lan-toe'-dez. S and ados] The urinary tunick placed between the amnion and chorion. Quincy. To ALLA'TRATE*, al-la'-trate. v. n. [allatro, LatJ To bark. Siubbes. To ALLA'Y §, al-la/. v. a. To mix one metal with another, to make it fitter for coinage. To join any thing to another, so as to abate its predomi- nant qualities. B. Jonson. To quiet 5 to pacify. Shakspeare. ALLAY, al-la'. n. s. [alloy, Fr.] The metal of a baser kind mixed in coins, to harden them. Beau- mont and Fletcher. Any thing which abates the predominant qualities of that with which it is min- fled/ Newton. LA'YER, al-la'-ur. n. s. The person or thing which has the power of allaying. Harvey. ALLAYMENT, al-la'-ment. n. s. That which has the power of allaying. Shakspeare. "~ "ekt'. v. a [alleclo, allicio, Lat.] ToALLE'CT^al-leT To entice. Huloel's Diet. ALLE'CTIVE*, al-lek'-uV. n. s. Allurement. Sir T. Elyot. ALLE'CTrVE^al-le^-tlv. a. Alluring. Cliaucer. Ob. T. ALLEGATION, al-le-ga'-sh&n. n. s. Affirmation ; declaration. More. The thing alleged. Shak. An excuse ; a plea. Pope. To ALLE'GE§, al-ledje'. v. a. [allego, Lat.] To af- firm. To plead as an excuse, or produce as an argument. Hooker. ALLE'GEABLE, al-ledje'-a-bl. a. That which may be alleged. Browne. ALLE'GEMENT, al-ledjV-ment. n.s. The same with allegation. Diet. Bp. Sanderscni. ALLE'GER, al-ledje'-ur. n. s. He that alleges Boule. ALLEGIANCE, al-le'-janse. n. s. [allegeance. Fr.] The duty of subjects to the government. Shak. ALLE'GIANT, al-le'-jant. a. Loyal. Shak. Ob. J. ALLEGO'RICK^I-le-gSr'-rtk. a. After the manner of an allegory. Milton. ALLEGO'RICAL, al-le-gor'-re-kal. a. In the form of an allegory. Bentley. ALLEGO'RlCALLY, al-le-gor'-re-kal-le. ad. Af- ter an allegorical manner. Peocham. ALLEGO'ltlCALNESS, al-le-gor'-re-kal-nes. n.s. Quality of being allegorical. Vict. A'LLEGORIST*, al'-le-go-r'fst. n. s. He who teache* in an allegorical manner. Winston. To ALLEGORIZE, alMe-go-rlze. r. a. To turn into allegory. Raleigh. To A'LLEGORIZE*, al'-le-go-rlze. v. n. To trea* as an allegory. Fulke. ALLEGORIZER*, al'-le-go-rl-zur. n. s. An allego- rist. Coventry. ■_■■■, A'LLEGORYS.alMe-gOr-re. 5o7. n.s. [aAA^yop/a.J A figurative disccurse, in winch something other is ^tended, than is conned m the words literally taken. Ben Jonson. „ , '■' , . ALLEGRO, al-le'-gro. n. s. [Ital.] A word in musick, denoting a sprightly motion. It onginali> means gay, as in Milton. ALL ALM -116, m6ve, n6r, nftt ; — ti'ibc, iflb, b&ll ; — 611 ; — poftnd ; — th'm, Tuis. ALLELVJA1I, al-le-hV-v;i. n. s. A word of spirit- ual exultation ; Praise God. Government of tlie Tongue. ALLEMA'NDE, al-le-mand'. n. s. [Allemannia. barb. Lat.] A dance well known in Germany and Switzerland. 7'oALLE'VIATEsSal-le-ve-ate. 91. v. a. [allevo, Lat.] To make light 5 to ease} to soflen. Harvey. To extenuate. ALLEVIATION, al-le-ve-a'-shun. n. s. The act of making light. South. That by which any pain is eased, or Vault extenuated. Locke. ALLE YIATI\X*,al-le'-ve-a-tiv.7Ls. A palliative; something mitigating. Corah's Doom. ALLEY, al-lc. 270. n. s. [allee, Fr.] A walk in a garden. Spenser. A passage, in towns, narrower than a street. Sliakspeare. ALLIANCES al-U'-anse. n. s. [alliance, Fr.] The stale of connexion by confederacy ; a league. Re- lation by marriage. Dnjden. Relation by any form of" kindred. Sfiak. The persons allied to each other. Addison. To ALLrANCE*,al-ll'-anse. r. a. To unite by con- federacy, to all v. Cudicorth. ALLrANT*,al-lP.ant. n. s. An ally. Wolton. ALLI'ClENCY^.al-lish'-yen-se. 113. n. s. [aUicio, Lat.] Magnetism; attraction. Glancille. ALLFCIENT* al-llsh'-yent. n. s. An attractor. Robinson. roA'LLIGATE^alMe-gate. 91. v. a. [alligo, Lat.] To tie one thing to another; to unite. Diet. ALLIGATION, al-le-ga'-shfin. n. s. The act of ty- ing together ; the arithmetical rule that teaches to adjust the price of compounds, formed of several ingredients of different value. ALLIGATOR, al-le-ga'-tur. 521. n. s. [allagario. Fort.] The crocodile; chiefly used for the crocodile of America. Sliakspeare. A'LLIGATURE, alMe-ga-tshure. n.s. A link, or ligature. Diet. ALLPSION, ai-Bzh'-fin. n. s. [allido, allisum, Lat.] The act of striking one thing against another. Woodward. ALLITERATION $, al-llt-e^-a'-shun. n. s. [ad and libera, Lat.] The beginning of several words in the same verse with the same letter. Milton. ALLITERATIVE*, al-llf-er-a-tiv. a. Denoting words beginning with the same letter. Warton. ALLOCATION. al-l6-ka'-shun. n. s. [alloco, Lat.] The act of putting one thing to another. The ad- mission of an article in reckoning, and addition of it to the account. An allowance made upon an account; a term used in the exchequer. Cham- bers. ALLOCUTION, al-16-k.V-shun. n. s. [allocutio, Lat.] The act or manner of speaking to another. Wheler. Sometimes adlocution. ALLO'DIAL, al-lc-'-de-al. a. [allodialis, barb. Lat.] Held without any acknowledgement of superiority; not feudal ; independent. Keviam. ALLO'DIUM, al-l6'-de-um. n. s. A possession held in absolute independence. There are no al- lodial lands in England, all being held either me- iiatelv or immediatelv of the king. Hammond. ALLO'NGE, al-l&ndje 7 . 165. n.s. [allonge, Fr.] A pass or thrust with a rapier, in fencing. A long rein, when the horse is trotted in the hand. To ALLOO, al-165'.r. a. [generally halloo] To set on ; to incite a dog, bv crying alloo. Philips. A'LLOQUY, alMo-kwe. n. s. [alLoquium, Lat.] Ad- dress ; conversation. Diet. To ALLOT §, al-ldt'. ». a. [from to.] To distribute bv lot. To srrant. Shak. To distribute. Taller. ALLOTMENT, ai-l6t'-ment. n. s. That which is allotted to any one ; the part; the share. Rogers. Part appropriated. Broome. ALLOTTERY, al-lot'-tur-e. 555. n. s. The part in a distribution. Shakspeare. To ALLOWS, al-lofi'. v. a. [lopian, Sax. to praise.] To admit. Locke. To justify. SJiak. To grant ; to yield. Locke. To grant license to. Shak. To give a sanction to. Shak. To give to. Waller. 11 To appoint for. To make abatement, or provi sion. Addison. ALLOWABLE, al-lou'-a-bl. a. That which may be admitted. Brown. That which is permitted ot licensed. Hooker. ALLO'WABLENESS, al-ldu'-a-bl-nes. ?i. s. Law fulness ; exemption from prohibition. South. ALLO'WABLY*, al-lou'-a-ble. ad. With claim of allowance. Lowth. ALLO'YVANCE, al-ldiY-anse. n. s. Admission without contradiction. Hooker. Sanction ; license. Shak. Permission. Locke. A settled rate. Ba- con. Abatement from the strict rigour of a law. I Dryden. Established character. Sliakspeare. ALLOY, al-16-e 7 . 39. n.s. Baser metal mixed in coinage. Locke. Abatement; diminution. Alter- bury. See Allay. ALLS*, allz. n. s. All one's goods : a vulgarism. A'LLSPICE*, alF-splse. n. s. Jamaica pepper or' fimenta. Guthrie. Hill. LUBF/SCENC Y, al-lu-bes'-sen-se. n. s. [allubes- cenlia, Lat.] Willingness; content. Diet. To ALLU'DESal-ludV. r. n. [alhulo, Lat.] To have some reference to a thing ; to hint at; to insinuate. Hooker. ALLU'MLNOR, al-lu'-me-n&r. n. s. [allumer, Fr.] One who colours or paints upon paper or parch- ment. Cowel. To ALLU'RE^al-liuV. v. a. [leurer, Fr.] To en- tice. Hooker. ALLU'RE, al-lure'. n. s. Something set up to en tice. Hayward. We now write lure. J ALLL T/ REMENT, al-kW-menl. n. s. Enticement ; j temptation of pleasure. Milton. jALLURER, al-liY-rur. 98. n.s. He that allures Dryden. ALLURING*, al-lu'-rmg. n. s. The power to allure Beaumont and Pletclier. ALLURINGLY, al-lu'-rfng-le. ad. Enticingly. ALLU'RLNGNESS, al-lu'-rlng-nes. n. s. Invitation ; temptation, b\- proposing pleasure. ALLUSION, al-lu'-zhun. n. s. [allusio, Lat.] A reference to something supposed to be already known ; a hint. Burnet. ALLU'SIVE, al-lu'-sfv. 158, 428. a. Hinting at something not fully expressed. South. ALLU'SIVELY, al-liV-siv-le. ad. In an allusive manner. Hammond. ALLU'SIVENESS, al-lu'-siv-nes. n. s. The quality of being allusive. More. ALLU'VTON §,al-hY-ve-un.77. s. [a//«Wo,Lat.] Car- rying by the motion of water. The thing carried bv water to something else. Coivel. ALLU/VIOUS, al-liV-ve-us. 314. a. That which is carried by water and lodged upon something else. To ALL Y% al-11'. v. a. [aUier, Fr.] To unite by kindred, friendship, or confederacy. Spenser. To make a relation between two things. Dryden. ALLY', al-li 7 . n. s. One united by some connexion, as marriage, friendship, confederacy. Wotton. Temple. 35= A few years ago there was an affectation of pro- nouncing this word, when a noun, with the accent on the first syllable ; and this had an appearance of preci- sion, from the general custom of accenting nouns in this manner, when the same word, as a verb, had the accent on the last, 492 ; but a closer inspection into the analogies of the language showed this pronuncia- tion to be improper, as it interfered with a universal rule, which was, to pronounce the y like e in a final un- accented syllable. But whatever was the reason of this novelty, it now seems to have subsided ; and this word is now generally pronounced with the accent on -he second syllable, as it is uniformly marked by all the orthoepists in our language. See Survet. W. ALMACANTAR, al-ma-kan'-tfir. n. s. [Ara- bick.] A circle drawn parallel to the horizon. ALMACANTAR'S STAFF, al-ma-kan'-turz-staf. n. s. An instrument used to take observations of the sun. Chambers. A'LMANACK, al'-ma-nak. 84. n. s. [al, Arabick and utj 1/, a month. ] A calendar; a book in which 81 ALO ALT [D 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel;— pine, pin ;— the revolutions of the seasons, with the return of feasts and fasts, is noted. Bacon. A'LMANACK-MAKELt*, al'-ma-nak-ma'-kur. n.s. A maker of almanacks. Gaijton. A'LMANDINE, al'-man-dlne. 149. n. s [from al- mandina, Ital.] A ruby of the colour of the gran- ate. Diet. ALMFGHTINESS, al-ml'-te-nes. re. s. Unlimited power; omnipotence ; one of the attributes of God. Hooker. ALMFGHTY §, al-ml'-t£. 84, 406. a. Of unlimited power; omnipotent. Gejiesis. ALMFGHTY*, al-mi'-te. re. s. The Omnipotent ; the Maker of heaven and earth ; one of the appel- lations of the Godhead. Milton A'LMOND, a'-mund. 401. n. s. [arnand, Fr.] The nut of the almond-tree. Locke. A'LMOND-TREE, a'-mund-tree. n. s. The tree which bears almonds. Miller. A'LMONDS of tlie throat, or Tonsils. Two round glands placed on the sides of the basis of the tongue. Quincy. A'LMOND-FUtfNACE, a/-mond-fur-nk ? A'LMAN-FURNACE^al'-man-mr-nis. 5 V Called also the Sweep. A kind of furnace used in refining". Chambers. A'LMOND- WILLOW* a'-mfind-wlF-lo. re. s A willow, whose leaves are of a light green on both sides. Shenstone. A'LMONER, ll'-mo-nur. ) n. s. The person em- A'LMNER^lm'-nur. ) ployed in the distribu tion of charity. Dryden. A'LMONRY, al'-mun-re. I n. s. The place where A'LMRY, alm'-re. ) the almoner resides, or where the alms are distributed. Burnet. ALMO'ST, al'-most. 84. ad. Nearly; well n: Locke. ALMS§,amz. 403. n. s. What is given gratuitously in relief of the poor. Shakspeare, ALMS-BASKET, amz'-bas-kk n. s. The basket in which provisions are put to be given away. B. Jcnson. A'LMSDEED, amz'-deed. re. 5. An act of charity. Acts, ix. ALMS-FOLK*, amz'-foke. n. s. Persons supporting others by alms. Strype. ALMS-GIVER, amz'-gfv-fir. n. s. He that gives alms. Bacon,. Hammond. ALMSHOUSE, amz'-house. re. s. A house devoted to the reception and support of the poor. Hooker, A'LMSMAN, iimz'-man. re. 5. A man who lives Shak. re. s He who gives alms Homilies, s. Members of an udqji alms b. 2. A LMS-PEOPLE*, amz-pee'-pl alms-house. Weerer. A'LMUG-TREE, ill' -mug-tree. re. 5. A tree men tioned in Scripture. 1 Kings, x. A'LNAGAR, al'-na-gar. S re. s. [from alnage.~] A A'LNAGER. al'-na-jftr. 88. [ measurer by the ell ; A'LNEGER, al'-ne-jur. ) one of three officers belonging to the regulation of cloth-manufactures the searcher, measurer, and alneger. Vict. A'LNAGE, al'-naje. 90. re. 5. [aulnage, or aunage, Fr.l Ell-measure, or the measuring by the ell. Diet: A'LNIGHT, al'-nlte. re. s. A great cake of wax, with the wick in the midst. Bacon. A'LOES§, aK-6-ze. n. s. [o^nx,] A precious wood used, in the East, for perfumes, of which the best sort is of higher price than gold. Savary. A tree which grows in hot countries; a cathartick juice extracted from the common aloes tree. £5" This word is divided into three syllables by Mr. Sheridan, and but into two by Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Perry, Mr. Scott, and W. Johnston. The latter is, in my opinion, preferable. My reason is, that though this plural word is perfectly Latin, and in that language is pronounced in three syllables ; yet, as we have the sin- gular aloe in two syllables, we ought to form the plu- ral according to our own analogy, and pronounce it in two syllables likewise. — See Antipodes. W. ALOE'TFCAL, al-6-ef-e-kal. ) a. Consisting chiefly ALOETICK, al-6-eV-?k. < of aloes. Wiseman. ALO'FT, a-lofV. ad. [lofter, Dan.] On high ; above. Prov. xviii. A word used by seamen to call others from below on deck ; all hands aloft Beaumont and Fletcher. ALO'FT, a-lofi/. prep. Above. Milton. A'LOGY, aF-6-je. n. s. [atogie, old Fr.] Unreason ableness; absurdity. Diet. ALO'NE §, a-l6ne ; . 545. a. [allem, Dutch.] Without another. Shale. Solitary. Sidney. JN'ot to be matched. Shafcspeare. Onlv. St. Matthew, iv. ALO'NELY*, a-loneMe. a. Only. Huloet. ALO'NELY*, a-l6neMe. ad. Merely; singly Goicer. ALO'NENESS§*, a-lone'-nes. re. s. That slate which belongs not to another ; properly applied to God. Mountagu. ALO'NG§, a-long'. ad. [anblan$, onblon£, Sax.] At length. Dry den. Through any space length- wise. Bacon. Throughout ; in the whole, with all prefixed. Tillotson. Forward; onward. Pope. Owing to ; in consequence of. Cliaucer. ALO'NG-SIDE*, a-long'-slde. ad. By the side of the ship. A naval tenn. ALO'NGST, a-ldngst'. ad. Along; through the length. Knolles. ALO^OF, a-lo6f. ad. [all of.] At a distance. B. Hall. Caution and circumspection. Shak. That art in conversation by which a man holds the prin cipal question at a distance. Shakspeare. ALOOJD, a-l6ud'. a. Loudly. Waller. ALO'W^a-16'. ad. In a low place. Mir. for Mag. ALP §*, alp. re. s. [alp, alb, mons. Bas Bret.] That which is mountainous or durable like the Alps. Milton. A'LPINE*, al'-pln. a. [alpinus. Lat.] Relating to the Alps. Milton. High. Tlwmson. A peculiar kind of strawberry. Mawe. ALPHA, al'-fa. 84, 545. n.s. The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to our A : therefore used to signify the first. Revelation, i. ALPHABET §, al'-fa-bct. re. s. [a\

0 £ and (Ji os .] That which lives in two elements, as in air and water. Hudibras. Locke. Of a mixed nature. Swift. AMPHFBIOUSNESS, am-Hb'-e-us-nes. n. s. The quality of being able to live in different elements. AMPHI'BIUM*, am-flb'-e-um. n. s. That which lives as well on water as on land. Sir T. Herbert. AMPHIBOLOGICAL, am-fe^-tfd'-je-kal. 509. a. Doubtful. Burton. AMPHIBQLO'GICALLY, am-fe-bo-l&d'-je-kal-le. ad. Doubtfully. AMPHIBOLOGY ^am-fe-bol'-o-je. n.s. [d>0 ( /? o - XoytaJ Discourse of uncertain meaning. Chaucer. AMPHIBOLOUS, am-flb'-b6-lus. a. [a)ifi and (3d\\u).~\ Tossed from one to another. Howell. AMPHFBOLY§*=, am-fnV-b6-le. n.s. Discourse of various meaning. B. Jonson. AMPHFLOGY, am-fn'-i-je. n.s. [d>0i and \6yos.] Equivocation, ambiguit}'. Diet. AMPHISB2t'NA, am-f is-be'-na. 92. n. s. [Lat.] A serpent supposed to have two heads. Broun. AMPHFSCII,km-nsh'-k-\.n.s. [dixftvKioi.] People dwelling in climates, wherein the shadows, at dif- ferent times of the year, fall both ways ; that is, in the torrid zone. AMPHITHEATRES, am-fe-^e'-a-tur. 516. n.s. [afjupidiaT^ov.] A building in a circular or oval form, having its area encompassed with rows of seats one above another. Dryden. AMPHITHEATRICAL*, am-fe-tf?e-at'-tre-kal. a. Relating to exhibitions in an amphitheatre. Warton. AMPLER am'-pl. 405. a. [amplus, Lat.] Large; . wide ; extended. Thomson. Great in bulk. Shak. Unlimited. Dryden. Liberal ; large. Hooker. Magnificent ; splendid. Clarendon. Diffusive ; not contracted ; as, an ample narrative. AMPLENESS, am'-pl-n&s. n. s. Largeness ; splen- dour. Stapleton. South. To AMPLIATE, am'-ple-ate. v. a. [amplio, Lat.] To enlarge ; to extend. Brown. AMPLIATION, am-ple-a'-shun. n. s. Enlargement. Aylifle. Diffuseness. Holder. To AMPLFFICATE, am-pl)f-£-kate. v. a. \amplifi- co, Lat.] To enlarge ; to amplify. Diet. AMPLIFICATION, am-ple-ie-ka'-shun. n. s. En- largement; extension. Reid. Diffuse narrative. Davies. AMPLIFIER, am'-ple-fl-ur. 98. n.s. One that en- larges any thing ; one that exaggerates. Sidney. To AMPLIFY, am'-ple-fl. 183. v. a. To enlarge. Bacon. To extend any thing incorporeal. Raleigh. To exaggerate any thing. Slunk. To improve "by new additions. Dryden. To AMPLIFY, am'-ple-fl. v. n. To speak largely in many words. Watts. To form large representa tions. Brown. AMPLITUDE, am'-ple-tude. n.s. Extent. Glan- ville. Largeness; greatness. Bacon. Capacity Milton. Splendour. Bacon. Copiousness; abun- dance. Watts. Amplitude of tlie range of a projec- tile, denotes the horizontal line subtending the path in which it moved. Amplitude, in astronomy, an arch of the horizon, intercepted between the true east and west point thereof, and the centre of the star at its rising or setting. Magnetical amplitude, is an arch of the horizon contained between the sun at his rising, and the east or west point of the com- pass. Chambers. AMPLY, am'-ple. ad. Largely ; liberally. Milton. At large ; without reserve. Milton. At large ; copiously. Dryden. To AMPUTATE §, am'-pii-tate. v. a. [amputo, Lat.} To cut off a limb. Wiseman. AMPUTA'TION, am-pu-ta / -shfin. n. s. The opera- tion of cutting off a limb, or other part of the body* Chambers. AMULET, am'-u-lel. n. s. [amulette, Fr.] An ap- pended remedy, or preservative; a thing hung about the neck, for preventing or curing diseases., Brown. ANA ANA — no, move, nor, not ; — tube, tub, bull ;— oil ; — pound ; — thin, THis. AMURCCSITYj a-mur-kiV-e-te. 7?. ... [amurca Lat.] The quality of lees or mother of any thing Diet. To AMU'SE§, a-miW. v. a. [qmuser, Fr.] To en- tertain with tranquillity. Donne. To draw on from time to time; to keep in expectation. Spenser. To AMU'SE*, a-muze'. v. n. To muse, or meditate. 7. e. AMU'SEMENT, a-miW-ment. n. s. That which amuses. Rogers. Profound meditation. Fleet- wood. AMU SER. a-nuV-zur. n. s He that amuses. AMUSINGLY*, a-nnV-zing-Ie. ad. h\ an amusing manner. AMU'SIVE, a-mi'-s!y. 158, 428. a. That which has the power of amusing*. Tlwmson. AMU'SIVELY*, a-nW-stv-Ie. ad. In an amusive manner. Chandler. AMY'GDALATE, a-mlg'-da-late. a. {amygdala, Lat.] Made of almonds. AMY* GD ALINE, a-mig'-da-llne. 149. a. Resem- bling* aXnonds. AN, an. ait. The article indefinite, used before a vowel, or h mute. See A. One. Locke. Any, or some. Pope. If. Sliakspeare. gj= This indefinite, and, as it may be called, the euphonick article, is said by all our grammarians to be used be- fore a vowel or h mute; but no notice is taken of using a instead of it before what is called a vowel, as a useful book, a useful ceremony, a usurer, &c. nor is any men- tion made of its constant usage before h when it is not mute, if the accent of the word be on the second sylla- ble, as, an heroick action, an historical account, &c. This want of accuracy arises from a want of analyzing the vowels, and not attending sufficiently to the influ- ence cf accent on pronunciation. A proper investiga- tion of the power of the vowels would have informed our grammarians, that the letter u, when long, is not so properly a vowel as a semi-consonant, and perfectly equivalent to commencing y, 8 ; and that a feeling of this has insensibly influenced the best speakers to prefix a to it in their conversation, while a confused idea of the general rule, arising from an ignorance of the nature of the letters, has generally induced them to prefix an to it in writing. The same observations are applicable to the h. The ear alone tells us, that, before heroick, historical, ficc. the an ought invariably to be used ; but by not discovering that it is the absence of accent on the h that makes an admissible in Miese words, we are apt to prefix an to words where the h is sounded, as, an horse, an house, &c. and thus set our spoken and writ- ten language at variance. This seems better to ac- count for the want of accuracy in this article than a conjecture I once heard from Dr. Johnson, that our an- cestors, particularly in the time of the Spectator, where this misapplication of the article frequently occurs, did not pronounce the h at the beginning of words so often as we do. However this may be, it seems necessary to a correctness of language to make our orthography and pronunciation as consistent as possible: for which pur- pose it may not be useless to attend to the following general rules. The article A must be used before all words beginning with a consonant, and before the vowel « when long : and the article An must be used before all words beginning with a vowel, except long u ; be- fore words beginning with h mute, as, an hour, an heir, &c. or before words where the h is not mute, if the ac- cent be on the second syllable, as, an heroick action, an historical account, &c. For the few words in our lan- guage where the h is mute, see this letter in the Princi- ples, No. 394: and for a just idea of the letter u, and the reason why it admits of a before it, when long, see Principles, No. 8, and the notes upon it. W. A'NA, cV-na. ad. [dva.] A word used in the prescrip- tions of physick, importing the like quantity. Cow- ley. A'NA, a'-na. n. s. Books so called from the last syl- lables of their titles 5 as, Scaligerana. West. They are loose thoughts, dropped by eminent men, and collected by their friends. ANABATT1SM* an-a-bap'-tlzm. n.s. The doctrine of Anabaptists. Featleij. ANABA-TTIST* an-a-bap'-t?st. n. s. [avd and /feir- n£w.] One who allows of, and maintains re-baptiz- ing. South. ANABAPTFSTLCAL* an-a-bap-uV-te-kal. a. Re- lating to the notions of Anabaptists. Milton. ANABAPTPSTICK*, an-a-bap-uV-dk. a. Anabap tistical. Bull. ANABA'PTISTRY*, an-a-bV-ds-tre. n. s. The sect of the Anabaptists. Pagitt. To ANABA'PT1ZE$*, an-a-bap'-tlze. v. a. To re- baptize. Wiitlock. ANACA'MPTICK, an-a-kanV-tik. a. [avaKduTt™.] Reflecting, or reflected. ANACA'lMPTICKS, an-a-kam'-dks. n. The doc- trine of reflected light, or catoptricks. ANACATHA'RTICK, an-a-ka-tftar'-dk. n. s. Any medicine that works upwards. Quinaj. ANACEPHAL^EO'SIS, an-a-sef / -a-le-6 / -sls. n. s. [avaKE^aXdiwcu.] Recapitulation, or summary of the heads of a discourse. Smith. ANA'CHORETE §. an-ak'-A-rete. ? n. s. [- ANA / CHORITE, au-ak / -6-rlte. 155. \ p^?.] A monk, who leaves the convent for a solitary life. Donne. ANACHGRE'TICAL*, an-a-ki-ref-e-kal. a. Re- lating to an anachorete or hermit. Bp. Taylor. ANACHRONISMS, an-ak / -kr6-nfzm. n. s. [from dvd and ^odvosi] Errour in computing time. Dryden. ANA'CHRONFSTICK*, an-ak'-kro-inV-dk. a. Con- taining an anachronism. Warton. ANACLA'TICKS, an-a-klat'-Iks. n. s. [dvd and K\da).~\ The doctrine of refracted light; diop- tricks. ANACOENO'SIS*, an-a-se-n6 / -sls. n. s. [avaicoivu- n l -i\k. n.s. A little poem in the manner of Anacreon. Johnson. A'NADEME* an'-a-deme. n. s. [avaSvua, Gr.] Crown of flowers. Drayton. AN AD IP LO 1 SIS, an-a-de-plo'-sk 520. n. s. [dva- SnrXwfc .] Reduplication ; a figure in rhetorick. A'NAGLYPH*, an'-a-gllf. n. s. [dvd and y\v(f>yn.~\ Mysterious ; elevated above humanity. Diet. ANAGO'GICAL, an-a-godje'-e-kal. a. Mysterious; elevated ; religiously exalted. Cockeram. ANALOGICALLY, an-a-godje'-e-kal-le. ad. Mys- teriously. ANAGO'GICKS*, an-a-g6djV-iks. n. s. Mysterious considerations. L. Addison. A-NAGRAM§, an'-a-gram. n.s. [dvd and ypduua.] A conceit arising from the letters of a name transpos- ed ; as this, of W, i, I, I, i, a, m, N, o, y, attorney- general to Charles I., a very laborious man, Imoyl in law. Donne. ANAGRAMMA'TICAL* an-a-gram-mat'-e-kal. a. Forming an anagram. Camden. ANAGRAfllMA-TICALLY* an-a-gram-mat'-e- kal-e. ad. In the manner of an anagram. Gayton. ANAGRA'MMATISM, an-a-grW-ma-tfzm. 434. n. s. The act of making anagrams. Camden. ANAGRA'MMATIST, an-a-grW-ma-tist. n. s. A maker of anagrams. Gamao-e. To ANAGRA'MMATIZE, an-a-grW-ma-tize. v. n. To make anagrams. Sir T. Herbert. A'NALECTS* an'-a-lekts. Collections or fragments of authors ; select pieces. ANALEPTICK, an-a-lep'-tik. a. [AvaKfaTiKos.] Comforting ; corroborating : a term of physick. Quincy. ANA-XOGAL, an-al'-lA-gal. a. Analogous; having relation. Hale. ANALOGICAL. an-a-l6dje / -e-kal. a. Used by way of analogy. Stillingfleet. Analogous. Hale. ANALOGICALLY, an-a-lodjV-e-kal-e. ad. In an analogous manner. Potter. ANALOGICALNESS, an-a-lodje'-e-kal-nes. n.s. The quality of being analogical. ANA-XOGISM, an-aP-16-jlzm. n. from the cause to the effect. An argument ANA ANC ttT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin y— To ANALOGIZE, a-nalM6-jlze. v. a. To explain by way of analogy. Clieyne. ANALOGOUS, a-nalMo-g&s. 314. a. Having analo- gy; bearing some resemblance. Arbuthnot. ANALOGOUSLY*, a-naF-16-gus-le. ad. In an analogous manner. Skelton. ANALOGY §, a-nal'-l6-je. 518. n.s. [dvaXoyia.] The similitude of relations. Hooker. By gramma- rians, it is used to signify the agreement of several words in one common mode ; as, from love is form- ed loved. ANALYSIS §, a-nalMe-s?s. 520. n.s. A separation of a compound body into the several parts of which it consists. Arbitthnot. A consideration of any thing in parts. Newton. A solution of any thing to its first elements. Gianville. A'NALYST*, an'-a-tfst. n. s. He who analyzes a thing. Bp. Berkeley. ANALYTICAL, an-a-tiV-te-kal. a. That which re- solves any thing into first principles. Boyle. That which proceeds by analysis. Gianville. ANALYTICALLY, an-a-hY-te-kal-le. ad. In such a manner as separates compounds into simples. Oldisworth. ANALY'TICK, an-a-nY-ik. a. The manner of re- solving compounds into the simple constituent parts. Watts. ANALY'TICK*, an-a-llt'-ik. n.s. Analytick method. Milton. To ANALY'ZE §, an'-a-llze. v. a. [dvaAiwJ To re- solve a compound into its first principles. Boyle. ANALY'ZER, an'4-ll-zur. 98. n. s. That which has the power of analyzing. Boyle He who analyzes. Student. ANAMORPHOSIS, an-a-m6r-fiy.sk n. s. [ivd and fiop(p6u.~] Deformation 5 a perspective projec- tion of any thing, so that to the eye, at one point of view, it shall appear deformed, in . another, an ex- act representation. $£r I have accented this word on the penultimate, as Dr. Johnson and Mr. Sheridan have done ; as it is a techni- cal word, and not naturalized, like metamorphosis. — See Principles, No. 520. W. ANA 1 N AS, a-na'-nas. n. s. The pine apple. Miller. ANA'NAS, wild, a-na ; -nas. n. s. The same with penguin. A'NAPEST* an'-a-pest. n. s. [dvavalo-rog, Gr.] A metrical foot, containing two short syllables and one long ; or a dactyle reversed. Sir J. Davies. ANAPE'STICK^an-a-pes'-tk. a. Relating to the anapest. Bentley. ANAPE'STICK* an-a-pes'-tik. n.s. The anapestick measure. Bentley. ANA'PHORA, a-naP-f6-ra. 92. n. s. [dvafopa.] A figure, when several clauses of a sentence are be- gun with the same word or sound. ANAPLERO'TlCK.an-a-ple-r&t'-lk.a.tdvaTX^du;.] That which fills up any vacuity. ANARCH?, an'-ark. 353. n.s. An author of confu- sion. Milton. ANARCHICAL, an-ar'-ke-kal. a. Confused ; with- out rule or government. Howell. ANARCHICK^an-ar'-klk. a. Without rule. Burke. ANARCHISM*, an'-ar-ldzm. n.s. Confusion. Sir E. Dering. ANARCHIST*, an'-ar-klst. n. s. He who occasions confusion, who lives without submission to rule, or who defies government. Tooke. ANARCHY, an'-ar-ke. n. s. [avapxia.] Want of government ; a state in which every man is unac- counfable. Millon. ANASARCA, an-a-sar'-ka. 92. n. s. [avd and ff ap|.] A sort of dropsy of the whole body. Quincy. A.NASARCOUS, an-a-sar'-kus. a. Relating to an anasarca. Wiseman. ANASTOMATICK, an-as-ti-mat'-lk. a. [avw and ordiia.] That which has the quality of removing obstructions. ANASTOMO'SIS, an-as-t6-mo'-sls. n. s. The inosculation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another; as, of the arteries into the veins. ANA' STROPHE, a-nas'-tri-fe. 518. n.s. [avaa- Tpo.] The description of the winds. ANEMO'METER, an-e-m&W-me-ter. 518. n.s. [avepios and nirpov.] An instrument to measure the strength or velocity of the wind. ANE' MONE, a-neW-6-ne. n. s. [iveuuvrj.] The wind flower. Miller. A'NEMOSCOPE, a-nenV-6-skope. n. s. [ave/xog and o-kottoj.] A machine to foretell the changes of the wind. Chambers. ANE'NT, a-nent'. prep. Concerning; about; over against. B. Jonson. ANES, anz. ) n. s. The spires or beards of corn. AWNS. awnz. \ Did. A NEURISM, an'-u-rlzm. 503. n. s. [avtvpvvw.] A disease of the arteries, in which they become ex- cessively dilated. Sharp. ANGE'LICALNESS, an-jelMe-kal-nes. n.s. Re- semblance of angels. ANGE / LICK,an-jel / -l5k.508.a. Angelical. Spenser. A'NGELOT, arZ-je-ldt. n. s. A musical instrument, somewhat resembling a lute. Diet. A gold coin, the value of half an angel. A cheese so called. Cotsrave. A'NGER §, ang'-gfir. 409, 98. n. s. Uneasiness or dis- composure of the mind, upon any injury. Locke. Pain, or smart, of a sore or swelling. Temple. Sometimes used in the plural number. Beaumont and Fletcher. To A'NGER, ang'-gur. v. a. To make angry. Hooker. To make painful. Bacon. A'NGERLY, ang'-gur-le. ad. In an angry manner. Now written angrily. Shakspeare. A'NGERNESS* ang'-gur-nes. n.s. The state of be- ing angry. 318. cited by Warton. ANGIOGRAPHY, an-je-og'-gra-fe. n. s. [ayyuov and ypd.] A description of vessels in the human body. ANGIO'LOGY, an-je-6l / -6-je. n. s. [iyytlov and \6yos-] A treatise of the vessels of a human body. ANGIOMONOSPETtMOUS, an-je-c-n^n^-spflr^- mfls. a. [ayytlov, \i6vos, and airtpna.~\ Such plants as have but one single seed in the seed-pod. ANGIO'TOMY, an-je-ot / -6-me. n. s. [ayydov and Ttuvio.'] A cutting open of the vessels. A'NGLE §, ang'-gl. 405. n. s. [angulus, Lat.] The space intercepted between two lines intersecting or meeting. Stone. A corner. Spenser. A'NGLE^, ang'-gl. n.s. [an£el, Sax.] An instru- ment to take'fisn, consisting of a rod, a line, and a hook. Sidney. To A'NGLE, ang'-gl. v. n. To fish with a rod and hook. Waller. To try to gain by some artifices. Slutkspeare. To A'NGLE*, ang'-gl. v. a. To entice. Sidney. A'NGLED*, ang'-gld. part. a. Having angles. B. Jonson. 89 ANI ANN O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 3— me, met 5— pine, pin 5— A'NGLE-ROD, ang'-gl-rod. n.s. The stick to which the line and hook are hung. Bacon. A'NGLER, ang'-glfir. 98. n.s. He that fishes with an angle. Dryden. ANGLES §* ang'-glez. n. s. [Angli, Lat.] A people of Germany ; a name also by which the English have been called. Temple. ANGLICAN* ang'-gle-kan. a. English. Fell. A'NGLICAN*, ang'-gle-kan. 11. s. A member of the church of England. Burke. To A'NGLICISE* ; ang / -gle-slze. v.a. To make Eng- lish. Edwards. ANGLICISM, ang'-gle-slzm. n. s. An English idi- om. Milton. ANGLING*, ang'-glmg. n. s. The art of fishing with a rod. Davors. A'NGLO-DANISH*, ang'-gl6-da-nlsh. a. What re- lates to the English Danes. Wotton. ANGLO-NORMAN* ang'-glo-nor-man. n.s. An English Norman. Wotton. ANGLO-SAXON* ang'-gli-saks-un. n. s. An Eng- lish Saxon. Warton. A'NGLO-SAXON* ang'-glo-saks-un. a. What re- lates to the Anglo-Saxons. Bp. Nicholson. A'NGOBER, ang'-gi-bur. 98. n. s. A kind of pear. A'NGOUR, ang'-gur. n. s. [angor, Lat.] Pain. Harvey. A'NGRlLY, ang'-gre-le. a 530. n.s. [amtaas, Lat.l ANl'LITY, a-nllMe-te. ] The state of being an old woman ; dotage. Sterne. AJNIMABLE, an'-e-ma-bl. 405. a. That which may receive animation. Diet. ANIMADVE'RSAL*, an-e-mad-veV-sal. n. s. That which has the power of perceiving and judging. More. ANIMADVERSION, an-e-mad-veV-shun. n. s. Reproof. Clarendon. Punishment. Swift. In law, an ecclesiastical animadversion has only a re- spect to a temporal punishment. Ayliffe. Percep- tion ; power of notice. Glanville. ANIMADVE'RSIVE, an.e-mad-ver'-slv. 428. a. Percipient. Glaiwlle. ANIMADVE'RSIVENESS, an-e-mad-veV-sfv-ne* n. s. The power of animadverting. Diet. 2'o ANIMADVERTS, an-e-mad-vert'. v.n. [am- madverto, Lat.] To pass censures. Dryden. To inflict punishments. Grew. AMMADVE'RTER, an-e-mad-verMur. n. s. He that passes censures. Milton. A'NIMAL §, an'-e-mal. n. s. [animal, Lat.] A living creature corporeal. Ray. By way of contempt, we say of a stupid man, that he is a stupid ani- mal. A'NIMAL, an'-e-mal. a. That which belongs to ani- mals. Waits. ANIMA'LCULE, an-e-mal'-kule. n. s. A small ani- mal. Ray. ANIMALITY, an-e-mal'-e-te. n.s. Animal exist- ence. Smith. To A'NIMATE§, an'-e-mate. v. a. [animo, Lat.] To quicken ; to make alive ; to give powers to. Dniden. To encourage. Knolles. A'NIMATE, an'-e-mate. 91. a. Alive; possessing animal life. Bacon. A'NIMATED, an'-e-ma-teU part. a. Lively; vig- orous. Pope. ANIMATENESS, an'-e-mate-ngs. n.s. The state of being animated. Diet. ANIMATION, in-e-ma'-shun. n. s. The act of an- imating. Bacon. The state of being enlivened. Brown. A ; N1MATIVE, an'-e-ma-tlv. 157. a. That which has the power of giving life. ANIMATOR, an'-e-ma-tur. 521. n. s. That which gives life. Brown. ANIMO'SE, an-e-m6se ; . 427. a. [animeux, Fr.] Full of spirit; hot. Diet. ANLWSENESS^n-e-mise'-nes. n.s. Spirit; heat. Diet. ANIMO'SITY, an-e-m&s'-se-te. n. s. fynimositas, Lat.] Vehemence of hatred ; passionate malignity. Clarendon. A'NISE, an'-nis. 140. n. s. [anisum, Lat.] A species of apium or parsley, with large sweet-scented seeds. Miller. ANKER, ank'-ur. 98, 409. n. s. [ancker, Dutch.] A liquid measure chiefly used at Amsterdam, about 64 quarts. Clutmbers. ANKLE §,ank'-kl. 405. n. s. [ancleop, Sax.] The joint which joins the foot to the leg. Wiseman. ANKLED*, ank'-kld. a. Relating to the ankles Beaumont and Fletcher. ANKLE-BONE, ank'-kl-be-ne. n.s. The bone of the ankle. Peacham. A'NNALIST, an'-nal-tist. n.s. A writer of annals. Milton. A'NNALS, an'-nalz. n. s. [annates, Lat.] History di- gested in the order of time. Milton. To A'NNALIZE*, an'-nal-tize. v, a. To record Slieldon. A'NNATS, an'-nats. n. s. [annates, Lat.] First fruits. Acts of Pari. Bp. Bartow. Masses said in the Romish church for the space of a year. Ayliffe. To ANNE'AL§, an-nele'. v. a. [anselan, Sax.] Tc heat glass, that the colours laid on it may fix. Herbert. To heat glass after it is blown, that it may not break. To heat any thing in such a man- ner as to give it the true temper. ANNEALING*, an-nele'-ing. n. s The art of tem- pering glass. Spratt. To ANNE'XS, an-neks 7 . v. a. [annecto, annexv.m T Lat.] To unite to at the end. To unite a smaller thing to a greater. To unite a posteriori. Raleigh. ANNE'X, an-n£ks. n. s. The thing annexed. Brown. ANNE'XARY*, an-nek'-sa-re. n. s. Addition. Sir E. Sandys. ANNEXATION, an-nek-sa'-shun. n. s. Conjunc- tion ; addition. Bacon. Union. Ayliffe. ANNE'XION, an-neV-sh&n. n. s. Addition. Rogers. ANNE'XMENT, an-neks'-ment. n. s. The act of an- nexing. The thing annexed. Shakspeare. ANNFHILABLE, an-nl'-he-la-bl. a. That which may be reduced to nothing. Clarke. To ANNIHILATE §,an-nF-he-late. v.a. [ad, and 90 ANN ANS —116, move, nor, nih;— lube, tub, bull ;— Si\ ;— pdfind ;— - this ;—ihm. nihi/um, Lat.] To reduce to nothing;. Bacon. To destroy. Ruletgh. To annul. Hooker. 53r Englishmen, who have been bred in foreign semina- ries!, where they pronounce the i in L;itin like e, gen- erally pronounce this word as if written an-nc-he-late, because they pronounce the Latin word from which it is derived in the same manner : but Englishmen, edu- cated in their own country, pronounce the 1, when it ends a syllable, with the accent on it, both in Latin and English, as it is here marked. W. ANNIHILATE* an-nl'-he-late. a. Annihilated. Swift. ANNIHILATION, an-nl-he-la'-shun. n. s. The act of reducing to nothing;. The state of being - reduced to nothing - . Hooker. ANN 1VE RS ARIL Y* an-ne-veV-sa-re-le. ad. An- nually. Bp. Hall. ANNIVERSARY, an-ne-ver'-sa-re. n. s. [anniver- sarius, Lat.] A day celebrated as it returns in the course of the year. * Stillinsjleet . The act of cele- brating; the anniversary dav. Dryden. ANNIVERSARY, an-ne-veV-sa-re. a. Annual; yearly. Ray. A NNlVERSE*, an'-ne-vers. n. s. Anniversary. Dniden. A'NNO DOMINI, an'-nO-dom'-e-ne. [Lat.] In the year of our Lord; as, anno domini, or A. D. 1751 ; that is, in the 1751st year from the birth of our Saviour. Middkton. ANNO'ISANCE, an-noe'-sanse. n. s. A nuisance. Blount. Ob. J. A'NNOLIS, an'-i^-lls. n. s. An American animal, like a lizard. ANNOMINATION* an-nom-e-na'-shun. [annomi- natio, barb. Lat.] Alliteration. Tynvhitt. To ANNOTATES*, an'-no-tate. v. a. [amwto, L?*.] To make annotations. Hive. ANNOTATION, an-n6-ta'-shun. n. s. Notes v>Titten upon books. Boyle. ANNOTATIONIST*, an-n6-ta/-shun-?st. n. s. A writer of notes. Worthington. ANNOTATOR, an-n6-ta 7 -t5r. 521. n. s. A writer of notes. Bp. Barloiv. To ANNO'UNCE§, an-nSunse'. v. a. [annuncio, Lat.] To publish. Milton. To pronounce. Prior. ANNOUNCEMENT*, an-n6unse'-ment. n. s. A de- claration ; an advertisement. ANNOUNCER*, an-nSanse'-sur. n. s. A declarer ; a proclaimer. Cot^rave. To ANNO'Y §, an-noe'. 329. v. a. [annoyer, Fr.] To incommode; to vex. Sidney. ANNO'Y, an-noe'. n. s. Injury; molestation. Sluik. ANNO'YANCE, an-nOe'-anse. n. s. That which an- noys. Shak. The state of being; annoyed. Hooker. ANlSlO'YER, an-noe'-ur. 98. n. s. He that annoys. ANNO'YFUL*, an-nfie'-ful. a. Full of annoy or trou- ble. Chaucer. ANNOY'OUS*, an-n6e'-us. a. Troublesome. Chau- cer. ANNUAL §, an'-nu-al. a. [annuel, Fr.] That which comes yearly. Pope. That which is reckoned by the year. Shak. That which lasts only a year. Bacon. ANNUALLY, an'-nu-al-le. ad. Yearly. Brown. ANNUARY*, an'-nu-a-re. a. Annual." John Hall. ANNUITANT, an-nu'-e-tant. n. s. He that possesses an annuity. Idler. ANNUITY §, an-nu'-e-te. n. s. [annuite 1 , Fr.] A yearly rent. Cowel. A yearly allowance. Claren- don. To ANNUO, $, an-nfir. v. a. [adnuUkr, old Fr.] To make void; to abolish. Rogers. To reduce to nothing. Milton. ANNULARE, an'-nu-lar. 88. [annulaire, Fr.] In the form of a ring. Cheyne. ANNULARY, an'-nu-la-re. a. In the form of Ray. rings. A'NNULET, an'-nu-let. n. s, [annulus, Lat.] A little ring. In heraldry, a part of the coat-armour of several families. In architecture, the small square members, in the Dorick capital, under the quarter round. ANNULMENT*, an-nul'-ment. n. c -he act «t annulling. To ANNU'MERATE §, an-nu'-me-rate. 91. v. a. [an- numero, Lat.] To add to a former number. Al\ NUMERATION, an-r.u-me-ra'-shun. n. s. Ad- dition to a former number. To ANNUNCIATE &, an-niV-she-ate. 91, 357, 196 v.a. [an nuncio, Lat.] To bring tidings. Cliaucer, ANNUNCIATION, an-n&n-she-a'-sh&n. n. s. The name given to the day celebrated in memory of the angel's salutation of the blessed Virgin ; soiem- nized with us on the twenty-fifth of March. Bp. Taylor. Proclamation; promulgation. Hammond. A'NODYNE*, an'-6-dlne. n. s. [a and o5w n .] A medicine which assuages pain. Arbuthnot. To ANOTNT §, a-n6W. v. a. [enoint, Fr.] To rub over with unctuous matter. Shak. To smear. Dry- den. To consecrate by unction. Shxkspeare. ANO INTER, a-n6f n'-tur. n. s. He that anoints. Grey. ANOINTING*, a-n6mt'-fng. n. s. Anointment. Hakeicill. ANOTNTMENT*, a^nt'-ment. n. s. The state of being anointed. Milton. ANO'MALISM, a-nom'-a-ltzm. n. s* Anomaly; ir regularity. Diet. ANOMALFST1CAL, a-n&m-a-lls'-te-kal. 509. a Irregular : a term in astronomy. ANO'MALOUS, a-nom'-a-lus. a. Irregular ; out of rule. Broun. ANO'MALOUSLY, a-nom'-a-lus-le. ad. Irregular- ly. Brown. ANO'MALYy, a-nom'-a-le. n.s. [a.vwjia'Xos.'] Irregu- larity ; deviation from the common rule. Bviler. ANOMY, an'-o-me. n. s. [a priv. and vofxos.] Breach of law. Bramhall. ANO'N, a-non'. ad. Quickly; soon. Shak. Some- times ; now and then. Milton. ANG'NYMOUS^-non'-e-mus.a. [a priv. and 6Vo/xa.] Wanting a name. Ray. ANO'NYMOUSLY, a-n6n'-e-mfis-le. ad. Without a name. Swift. ANOREXY, an'-no-rek-se. 517. n.s. [aicp^ta.] Loathing of food. ANOTHER §, an-uTH'-fir. 98. a. [anlhar, Goth.] Not the same. Locke. One more. Shak. Any other. 1 Samuel, ii. Not one's self. South. Widely different. Soidh. ANO'THERGAINES, an-tW-ur-ganz. a. Of an- other kind. Sidney. ANO'THERGATES*, an-UTH'-ur-gates. a. Of an- other sort, Bp. Sanderson. ANO'THERGUESS, an-UTH'-fir-ges. a. Of a differ- ent kind. Howell. ANOU'GH*, ANOW*. See Enough, Enow. A'NSATED, aV-sa-teU a. [ansatus, Lat.] Having handles, A'NSLAIGHT*, an'-slate. n, s. [platan, Sax.] An attack; a fray, The parent, perhaps, of On- slaught, which see. Beamn. and Fl. Ob. T. To ANSWERSair'-sfir. 475,98. «. n. [anbrpanian, Sax.] To speak in opposition. Boyle. To be ac- countable for. Shak. To vindicate. Swift. To give an account. Temple. To correspond to. Prov. xxvii. To act reciprocally. Dryden. To stand as opposite or correlative to something else. Bp. Taylor. To succeed, Raleigh, To A'NSWER, an'-sur, v. a. To speak in return to a question. Dryden. To be equivalent to. Eccl. x. To satisfy any claim. Sidney. To bear pro- portion to. Swift. To perform what is endeavour- ed. Atterbury. To comply with, Shak. To ap- pear to any call. SJuik, To be over-against any thing. Sliakspeare. ANSWERS, an'-siV. 475. n. s. That which is said in return to a question. Locke. An account to be given to justice. Shak, In law, a confutation of a charge. Aylift'e. Retaliation. Shakspeare, ANSWER-JOBBER, an'-sfir-job'-bur. n. s. He that makes a trade of writing answers. Swift. ANSWERABLE, an'-s&r-a-bl. 475. a. That to which a reply may be made. Obliged to give an account. Spenser. Correspondent. Sidney. Pro- ANT ANT U 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me, m&t ;— pine, pin ;- portionate; suitable. Milton. Suitable; suited Bacon. Equal; equivalent. Raleigh. Relative; correlative. Hooker. A'NSWERABLY, an'-sflr-a-ble. ad. Suitably. Brerewood. A'NSWERABLENESS, an'-sflr-a-bl-nes. n. s. The quality of being answerable. Harmar. ANSWERER, an'-siVur. 554. n. s. He that an- swers. Sidney. ANT$, ant. n. s. [aemefct, Sax.] An emmet; apis- mire. Shakspeare. A'NT-BEAR, ant'-bare. n. s. An animal that feeds on ants. Ray. A'NT-HILL, ant'-hill. ) n. s. The small ANT-HILLOCK, ant-hil'-l&k. S protuberances in which ants make their nests. Ray. AN ; T. A contraction for and if it. ANTAGONISM §*, an-tag'-ft-nkm. n. s. Contest. ANTAGONIST, an-tag'-S-nfst. n. s. One who con- tends ; an opponent. Hooker. Contrary. Addison. In anatomy, the antagonist is that muscle which counteracts some others. Arbtithnot. ANTAGONFSTICK*, an-tag-6-nls'-tlk. a. Contend- ing- as an antagonist. B. Jonson. To ANTAGONIZE, an-ta^-6-nize. v. n. To con- tend. ANTA'GONY§*, an-tag'-6-ne. n. s. [avrl and aywvta.] Contest, opposition. Milton. ANTA'LGJLCK, an-tal'-jik. a. [iyrl and &\yos.]\ That which softens pain. AN TAN AC LA' SIS, ant-a-na-kkV-sk n. s. [Gr.] A figure in rhetorick, when the same word is repeat- ed in a different, if not in a contrary signification. It is also a returning to the matter at the end of a long parenthesis. Smith. ANTAPHRODFTICK, ant-a-fro-dlt'-lk. a. [avrl and 'AcbpoSirr).] Medicines against the venereal disease ANTAPOPLE'CTICK, ant-ap-po-plek'-tlk. a. Good against an apoplex}'. ANTA'RCTICK, an-t&rk'-tik. a. [dvn, against, and apKTos.] The southern pole. Milton. ANTARTHRFTICK^ant-ar-tfn-fr'-lk. a. [avrl and apOpiTis-] Good against the gout. ANTASTHMA'TICK, ant-ast-mat'-ik. a. Good against the asthma. A'NTE, an'-te. A Latin particle signifying before, frequently used in compositions; as, antediluvian, before the flood. A'NTEACT, an'-te-akt. n. s. A former act. Diet. ANTECEDA'NEOUS*, an-te-se-da'-ne-fis. a. Go- A'NTEDATE* an'-te-date. n. s. Anticipation Donne. » ANTEDILUVIAN, an-te-de-lu'-ve-an. a. [ante and diluvium] Existing before the deluge. Woodward. ANTEDILU'VIAN, an-te-de-hVve-an. n.s. One that lived before the flood. Bentley. ANTELOPE, an'-te-l6pe. n. s. A goat with curled or wreathed horns. Spenser. ANTELU'CAN*, an-te-hV-kan. a. [antelucanus, Lat,] Early; before day-light. Bp. Hall. ANTEMERFDIAN, an-te-me-rldj'-e-an. 294, 376, 507. a. Before noon. ANTEME'TICK, ant-e-meV-lk. a. [avrl and ! lu iw.] The power of stopping vomiting. ANTEMU'NDANE, an-te-mun'-dane. a. [ante and mundus.] Before the creation of the world. Young. ANTENU'MBER, an-te-niW-bfir. n. s. [from ante and number] The number that precedes another. Eicon. AN'TEPAST, an'-te-past. n. s. [ante and pasium,] A foretaste. Decay of Piety. A'NTEPENULT, an-te-pe-nult'. n. s. [antepenulti- ma, Lat.] The last syllable but two. VTF.PTT .F/PTir.ir £n<.a n JUBr.ML- ing before. Barrow. To ANTECE'DE§, dn-te-sede' [ante and ce- il, s. Prece- de] To precede. Hale. ANTECEDENCE, an-te-se'-dense. dence. Hale. ANTECE'DENCY* an-te : se/-den-se. n. s. The state of going before. FotHerhy. ANTECEDENT, an-te-se'-dent. a. Going before; preceding. South. ANTECEDENT, an-te-se'-dent. n. s. That which goes before. South. In grammar, the noun to which the relative is subjoined. Ascham. In logick, the first proposition of an enthymeme or argument, consisting only of two propositions. Watts. , ANTECEDENTLY, an-te-se'-dent-le. ad. Previ- ously. South. ANTECESSOR, an-te-seV-sar. n. s. One who goes before; the principal. Sir E. Sandys. One that possessed the land before the present possessor. Brady. A'NTECHAMBER, an'-te-tsham-bur. [See Cham- ber.] n. s. The chamber that leads to the chief apartment. Dryden. A'NTECHAPEL*, an'-te-tshap-el n. s, That part of the chapel through which the passage is to the choir or body of it. Warton. ANTECU'RSOR, an-te-kur'-s&r. n. s. [Lat.] One who runs before. Diet. To A'NTEDATE, an'-te-date. v. a. [ante and do, datum, Lat.] To date earlier than the real time. Donne. To take before the oroper time Beau- mont and Fletcher. ANTEPILETT1CK, ant-ep-e-lep/tlk. a. [avri and eirl\rj-^ii.] A medicine against convulsions. Brown. To A'NTEPONE, an'-te-pone. v. a. [antepono, Lat.] To set one thing before another. Diet. ANTEPREDFCAMENT, an-te-pre-dlk'-a-ment. n. s. [antepredicamentum, Lat.] Something previous to the doctrine of the predicament. ANTERIORITY, an-te-re-or'-e-te. n. s. Priority. Pope. ANTE'RIOUR, an-te'-re-fir. a. [anterior, Lat.] Go- ing before. Brown. ANTEPA'SCHAL* an-te-pas'-kal. a. [ante and paschal.] Relating to the time before Easter. Nelson. A'NTEROOM*, an'-te-rSSm. n. s. The room through which the passage is to a principal apartment. Shakspeare. ANTETE'MPLE*, an-te-teW-jpl. n. s. What we now call the nave in a church. Christian Antiquities. A'NTES, an'-tez. n. s. [Lat.] Pillars that support the front of a building. ANTESTO'MACH, an-te-suW-uk. 166. n. s. A cavity which leads into the stomach. Ray. To A'ftTEVERT*, an'-te-vert. v. a. [anteverto, hat] To prevent. Bp. Hall. ANTHELMFNTHICK, an-Z/iel-nuV-^lk. a. [avrl and e\uivOos.~] That which kills worms. Arbulhnot. A'NTHEM^an'-tfiem. n. s. [avOv/xvos.] A song, per- formed as part of divine service. Denham. A'NTHEM-WISE*, an'-i/iem-wlze. ad. According to the manner of singing anthems ; that is, alter nately. Bacon. A'NTHEMIS* an'-^e-mk n. s. Camomile. Tate. ANTHO'LOGY §, an-^F-o-je. 518. n. s. [dvQo\oyia.\ A collection of flowers. A collection of devolions in the Greek church. A collection of poems. Ferrand. ANTHOLO'GICAL^n-^d-lodje'-ik-al. a. Relating to an anthology --F sipelas. ANTHONY'S FIRE, arF-16-nez-fW. n. s. The ery A>NTHRAX,ari-thr&ks.n.s. [ivdoai;.] A scab or blotch that is made by a corrosive humour ; a car- buncle. Quincy. ANTHROPOLOGY, an'-*/ir6-p6F-6-je. n. s. [ av - Opuiros and 'Myw.l The doctrine of anatomy. ANTHROPOMO'RPHITE, an-tfir6-p6-m6V-flt. n.s. [av6pw7roLiopayu>.] Man-eaters ; cannibals. Shakspeare. ANTHROPOPHAGY §, an'-tfiro-p&f'-a-je. n.s. Cannibalism. Brown. ANTHROPO'SOPHY, an'-tftr^p&s'-o-fe. n. c. [&».. 92 ANT ANT -116, move, ndr, not j — tube, tab, bull 3 — 611 ; — pound ; — thin, xni $ dpwiros and o-oi^/a.] The knowledge of the nature of man. ANTHYPNOTICK, aiit'-hip-ndt'-ik. a. That which has the power of preventing sleep. ANTHYPOCHOXDRIACk. an-//;)p-6-kon'-dre- ak. a. Good against hvpochondriack maladies. ANTHRYPCTPHORA, an-*/»re-p6f-o-ra. n. s. yw6uw6$apa.] A figure in rhetorick, which signifies a contrary illation, or inference. Smitli. ANTHYSTE KICK,, an-tfrfs-teV-rik. a. Good against hvstericks. AXTI. [cirrt.] A particle much used in composition with words derived from the Greek, and signifies contrary to; as, antimonarchical, opposite, to mon- arch v. * ANT1ACIP. an'-te-as'-id. ??, s. Alkalis. Arbuthnot. A NTIAPO STLE* an'-te-a-pos'-sl. n.s. [from avrl and apostle.] Contrary to apostles. Potter. ANTIARMI'NlilS*, an-ie-ar-mln'-van. n. s. He wlio opposes the Arminians, or Arminianism. Bp. Barlow. ANTIARTHRFTICKS*, an-te-ar-f/irlt'-Iks. n. s. Medicines to assuage the gout. Diet. ANTICACHECTICK, an-te-ka-kek'-tlk. a. Medi- cines for a bad constitution. ANTICHRISTS* an'-te-krlste. n. s. The great en- emy to Christianity. 1 John. ANTICHRPSTIAN, an-te-krls'-tshfin. a. Opposite to Christianity. South. ANTICHRPSTIAN* an-te-krls'-tshfin. n.s. He who is an enemy to Christianity. Rogers. ANTICHRPSTIANISM, an-te-krV-tshun-Izm. n. s. Opposition to Christianity. Decay of Piety. ANTICHRISTLANITY', dn-te-krls-tshe-an'-e-te. u. s. Contrariety to Christianity. Trapp. ANTFCHRONISM, an-tlk / -r6-iilzm. n. s. [avrl and )vos.~\ Deviation from the right order of time. Leiden. To ANTICIPATES, an-uV-e-pate. v. a. [anikipo, Lat.] To take something sooner than another, so as to prevent him that conies after. Hammond. To take up before the time. Dryden. To fore- taste. Brown. To preclude. Shakspeare. ANTPCIPATELY, an-tls'-e-pate-le. ad. By an- ticipation. ANTICIPATION, an-tls-se-pa'-shun. n. s. Taking up something before its time. Holder. Foretaste. Atterbury. Opinion implanted before the reasons can be known. Stillino; fleet. ANTICIPATOR*, an-uV-e-pa-tor. n. s. A pre- venter ; a forestaller. ANTICIPATORY*, an-tls'-e-pa-t&r-e. a. That which takes up something before its time. More. ANTICK ^an'-tlk. a. Odd ; ridiculously wild. Shak. ANTICK, an'-tlk. n. s. He that plays anticks ; a buffoon ; the anticks or tricks themselves. Shak. Odd appearance. Spenser. To ANTICK. an-'-tik. v. a. To make antick. Shak. A'NTICKLY, an'-tlk-le. ad. In an antick manner. Shakspeare. ANTICLIMAX, an-te-kli'-maks. n. s. [avrl and /cX«/ia|.] A sentence in which the last part ex- presses something lower than the first. Addison. ANTICONSTITCTIONAL*, an-te-kon-ste-iu/- shun-al. a. Against the constitution. Bolingbroke. ANTICONVULSIVE, an-te-kon-vul'-slv. a. Good against convulsions. Floi/er. A'NTICOR, an'-te-kor. 166. n. s. [ivri and cor.] A preternatural swelling in a horse's breast, opposite to his heart. Farriers Dirt. A'NTICOSMETICK* an'-te-koz-meY-lk. a. De- structive of beauty. Lyttelton. A'NTICOURT* an'-te-korte. a. In opposition to the court. Reresby. ANTICO'URTIER, au-te-k6re'-tshur. n.s. One that opposes the court. ANTICREATOR* an-te-kre-a'-tor. n. s. One that opposes the Creator. Milton. ANTFDOTAL, an-te-d6'-tal. a. That which has the quality of an antidote. Brown. ANTIDO'TARY* an-te-dote'-a-re. a. Serving for a counterpoison. Cotgrave. To ANTIDOTES*, an'-te-dote. v. a. To furnish with preservatives. More. ANTIDOTE $,an'-te-d6te. n. s. [dvWeWos.] A med- icine given to expel the mischiefs of another, as ot DQlSOD. Quincii. ANTIDYSENTE'RICK, an-te-dis-en-uV-ik. a [avTi and dysenteria.] Good against the bloody flux. ANTIENT*. See Ancient. ANTIENTHUSIA / STICK*,an-te-§n-ri and fpams .] The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning. South. ANTIPHRA'STICALLY*, an-te-fras'-tik-al-le. ad. In the manner of an antiphrasis. Bp. Morton. ANTFPODAL, an-t?p'-6-dal. 518. a. Relating to the countries inhabited by the antipodes. Brown. ANTIPODES, an-t'ip'-6-dez. n. s. [avrl and rites .] Those people who, living on the other side of the globe, have their feet directly opposite to ours. Shak. Used by way of opposition. Stafford. D^p We frequently hear disputes whether this word should be pronounced in four syllables, as it is here, with the accent on the second ; or in three, as if divided into an-ti-podes, with the accent on the first syllable, and the last rhyming with abodes. To solve the diffi- culty, it must be observed, that the word is pure Latin ; and that, when we adopt such words into our own lan- guage, we seldom alter the accent. If, indeed, the sin- gular of this word were in use, like satellite, 155, then we ought to form the plural regularly, and pronounce it in three syllables only ; but as it is always used in the plural, and is perfect Latin, we ought to pronounce it in four. " To counterpoise this hero of the mode, " Some for renown are singular and odd ; " What other men dislike is sure to please, M Of all mankind, these dear antipodes : " Through pride, not malice, they run countor still, " And birth-days are their days of dressing ill." Young'' s Love of Fame. W. A'NTIPOISON*, an-te-poe'-z'n. n. s. An antidote. Brown. A'NTIPOPE, an'-te-p6pe. n. s. He that usurps the popedom. Bp. Hall. A'NTIPORT*, an'-te-porte. n. s. An outward gate or door. Smith. ANTIPRELA'TICAL*, an-te-pre-lat'-e-kal. a. Ad- verse to prelacy. Bp. Morton. A'NTIPRIEST*, an'-te-preest. n. s. An enemy to priests. Waterland. ANTIPRFESTCRAFT*, an-te-preest'-kraft. n. s Opposition to priestcraft. Burke. ANTIPRPNCIPLE*, an-te-prfn'-se-pl. n.s. An op posite urinciple. Spenser. ANTIPRO'PHET*, an-te-pr&P-f et. n. s. An oppo- site, or an enemy to prophets. Mede. ANTIP TO' SIS; an-dp-to'-sis. 520. n. s. [avrfr™ fft?.] A figure in grammar, by which one case is put for another. ANTIPU'RITAN*, an-te-pu'-re-tan. n. s. An op- poser of puritans. Warton. ANTlUUA'RIANy*, an-te-kwa'-re-an. a. Relating to antiquity. Warburton. ANTIQUARIAN*, an-te-kwa'-re-an. n. s. Im- proper, for antiquary. Warburton. ANTIQUA'RIANISM*, an-te-kwa'-re-an-lzm. n. s Love of antiquities. Warburton. ANTIQUARY, an'-te-kwa-re. n. s. [antiquarius Lat.] Student of antiquity ; a collector of ancient things. South. A'NTIQUARY, an'-te-kwa-re. «. Improper, for old; antique. Shakspeare. ToA'NTIQJJATEy, an'-te-kwate. »■ «• [antiquo, Lat.] To make obsolete. Hale. A'NTlQUATEDNESS,an'-te-kwa-ted-nes. n. s The state of being antiquated or obsolete. Appen- dix to Life of Mede. A'NTIQUATENESS*,an'-te-kwate-nes. n.s. The state of being obsolete. ANTIQUA TlON*, an-te-kwa'-shfin. n. s. The state of being antiquated. Beaumont. ANTFQUEy, an-teek'. 112. a. [antiquus, Lat.] An- cient; old. Shak. Of genuine antiquity. Dry den. Of old fashion. Spenser. Odd; wild; antick. Donne. ANTI'QUE, an-teek'. n.s. An antiquity ; an ancient rarity. Swift. ANTFQUENESS, an-te£k'-nes. n.s. An appear- ance of antiquity. Addison. ANTFQUFTY, an-tlk'-kwe-te. «. s. Old times. Ad- dison. The people of old times. Raleigh. The remains of old times. Bacon. Old age. Shale. Ancientness. ANTIREVOLU'TIONARY*,an-te-rev-6-lu'-shtm- a-re. a. Adverse to revolutions. Burke. ANTIREVOLU'TIONIST*, an-te-rev-6-lu'-shfin- fsl. n. s. He who opposes change or revolution. Guthrie. ANTISABBATA'RIAN* an-te-sab-bat-ta'-re-an n. s. One of a sect so called. Pagit. ANTISACERDO'TAL*, an-te-sas-ser-d6'-tal. a. Hostile to priests. Waterland. ANTISCII, an-tW-e-1. n. s. [avrl and acia.) In geography, the people who inhabit on different sides of the equator, who, consequently, at noon, have their shadows projected opposite ways. Chambers. ANTISCORBU'TICAL, an'-te-sk6r-bu'-te-kal. a Good against the scurvy. Arbuthnot. ANTISCORBU'TICKS, an-te-sk6r-bu'-t?ks. n. s. Medicines against the scurvy. Arbuthnot. ANTISCRFPTURISM*,an-te-skrV-tu-rfzm. «• s. Opposition to the holy scriptures. Boyle. ANTISCRFPTURIST*, an-te-skrfp'-tu-r?st. n. s. One that denies revelation. Boyle. ANTISE'PTICK, an-te-sep'-tfk- «• [*»" and <"i™] Counteracting putrefaction. Battie. ANTISETTICK*, an-te-sep'-tuk. n. s. A remedy against putrefaction. Sir W. Fordyce. ANTI SPASIS, nn-ih'-p&sh. n.s. [avn and 451. a. APHRODISI'ACK, af-fro-dlzh'-e-ak. 5 Relat- ing to the venereal disease. ATHRODITE*, aP-fr6-dite. n. s. ['A^o&tt?.] A follower of Venus. Cleaveland. ATIARY, a'-pe-a-re. 534. n. s. [apis, Lat.] The place where bees are kept. Swift. APICES, a-pl'-sez. n. s. [apex, Lat.] Little knobs that grow on the tops of the stamina, in the middle of a flower. Quincy. APFECE, a-peese'. ad. To the part or shareof each. Hooker. APl'ECES*, a-peese'-ez. ad. In pieces. Beaumont and JFletclier. A'PIStI, a'-plsh. a. Having the qualities of an ape. Shak. Foppish ; affected. Shak. Silly ; trifling. Glanville. Wanton; playful. Prior. ATISHLY, a'-pish-le. ad. In an apish manner. Milton. A'PISHNESS, a'-pish-nes. n. s. Mimickry ; foppery. Congreve. APFTPAT, a-plt'-pat. ad. With quick palpitation. Congnreve. j APLUSTRE, a-phV-tur. n. s. [Lat.] The an- cient ensign carried in sea vessels. Addison. APO'CALYPSE$, a-pok'-a-lips. n. s. [AiroKaAtfTrrw.] Revelation ; the last book in the sacred canon. Milton. APO'CALYPTICAL, a-p6k-a-iy-te-kal. a . Con- cerning revelation, or the book so called. Burnet. APOCALYTTICALLY, a-pok-a-llp'-te-kal-e. ad. In such a manner as to reveal something secret. APOCALYTTICK* a-p6k-a-lip / -tik. a. The same as apocalyptical. Spenser. APOCALYTTICK*, a- P 6k-a-l?p'-t?k. n.s. Apoca- lyptical writer. Lightfoot. APOCOPE, a-pok'-i-pe. n. s. [airoicoir , Gr.] A APO APO O* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin: figure in grammar, when the last letter or sylla- ble of a word is taken away 3 as, apoptex for apo- plexy. APOCRUSTICK, ap-6-krus ; -tlk. a. [AvoKpSonica.] Endued with a repelling- and astringent power. Chambers. APO'CRYPHAsSa-pok'-re-fa, 92. n.s. [ixoKpimu.] Books appended to the sacred writings of doubt- ful authority. Hooker. APOCRYPHAL, a-pok'-re-faL a. Not canonical; or uncertain authority. Hooker. Contained in the apocrypha. Addison. An account of uncertain credit. Bp. Barlow. A person of uncertain credit. B. Jcmsov. APOCRYPHAL*, a-pok'-re-fal.n. s. A writing not canonical. Hanmer. APO'CRYPHALLY, a-pok'-re-fal-le. ad. Uncer- tainly. APOCRYTHICAL*, ap-6-krif-e-kal. a. Doubtful ; not authentick. Bp. Bull. APODFCTICAL^p-o-dlk'-te-kal.a. [dMiifc, Gr.] Demonstrative. Brown. APODFCTICALLY, ap-o-dlk'-te-kal-e. ad. So as to be evident beyond contradiction. APODFCTICK* ap-6-dik'-t?k. a. Demonstrable. Robinson* APODJ'XIS, ap-o-dlk'-sk 527. n. s. Demonstration. Sir G. Buck. APO'DOSIS* a-pod'-i-sk n.s. [iwoSons, Gr.] The application or latter part of a similitude. Mede. APODYTE'RIVM, a-pdd-e-te'-re-iim. n. s. [d-o- Svrepiov, Gr.] A dressing-room : the room before the entrance into the convocation-house at Oxford is so called to this day. Anciently the dressing-room of baths. Life or A. Wood. APOGJE J ON, ap-o-je'-on. 527. ) n. s. [dri and APOGEE, ap'-o-je- 503. £ yh, Gr.] A point APOGE' UM, ap-o-je'-um. ) in the heavens, in which the sun, or a planet, is at the greatest dis- tance possible from the earth in its whole revolu- tion. Cliambers. APO'GIATURAx^-ptdje'-b-UW-rLn. 5. [Ital.] A cadence, in musick. Mason. APOGRAPH*, ap'-6-graf. n.s. [diroypaQov , Gr.] A copy. APOLLINARIAN* a-p6l-e-na'-re-an. ) n.s.Onecf APOLLINA'RIST* a-pdl-e-na'-rfst. \ the sect of Apollinarisof Laodicea, who maintained monstrous notions about the nature of Christ. Hooker. APOLOGE'TICAL, a-pol-o-jet'-e-kal. ) a. That APOLOGE'TICK,a-p6l-6-jeV4k. J which is said in defence. Hakewill. APOLOGETICALLY, a-pol-o-jet'-e-kal-e. ad. In the wav of defence. APOLOGIST, a-p&l'-o-jk. n. s. He that makes an apology. Bp. Bull. To APOLOGIZE, a-p&'-d-jlze. v. n. To plead in favour of. Decay of Piety. APOLOGIZER, a-poF-6-jl-zur. n. s. Defender. Hanmnr. APOLOGUE §, ap'-6-l6g. 338, 503. n. s. \d-Ko\oyos, Gr.] Fable. Brown. r APOLOGUER*, ap'-6-l6g-ur. n.s. A fabler. Burt. APOLOGY $, a-poF-6-je. 518. n. s. [dnoXoyia.] De- fence; excuse. Milton. APOMECO'METRY, ap'-i-me-kom'-me-tre. 527. n. s. [d-rrb and jifjKos .] The art of measuring things at a distance. Diet. APONE URO'SIS, a-pan-nu-r^-sls. n. s. [dri and veupov.] An expansion of a nerve into a membrane. Sharp. APO'PHASIS, a-p6P-a-sk 520. n.s. [d^aais.] A figure, by which the orator seems to wave what he would plainly insinuate. Smith. APOPHLE / GMATICK,ap-6-fleg / -ma-tlk. 510. n. s. [dno and k. s. [dirocrrrj/xa A'POSTUME, V-6-stume. 503. 5 Gr.] An ab' scess. Brown. APO'STLE^a-pos'-sl. 472,405. n.s. [aitdcToXos] A person sent with mandates by another. It is par ticularly applied to them whom our Saviour do puted to preach the Gospel. Shakspeare. ft^T This word is sometimes heard in the pulpit, as if di- vided into a-po-stle ; the second syllable like the first of po-et. If the long quantity of the 0, in the Latin apostolus, is urged for a similar length of the English apostle, let us only turn to No. 537 of the Principles, and we shall see the futility of arguing from the Latin quan- tity to ours. If these reasons are not satisfactory, it is hoped that those who are abettors of this singular pro nunciation will alter e-pis-tle into e-pi-stle, the second syllable like pie, and then their reasoning and practice will be uniform. W. APO'STLESHIP, a-pos'-sl-shfp. n. s. The office of an apostle. Donne. APO'STOLATE*, a-pos'-ti-latb. n. s. Apostleship Killingbeck. APOSTOLICAL, ap-os-t&T-e-kaU. Taught by the apostles. Hooker. APOSTO'LICAI LY, ap-os-tSF-e-kal-le. ad. In the manner of the apostles. More. APOSTO'LICALNESS, ap-6s-t6F-e-kal-nes. n. s. The quality of relating to the apostles. More. APOSTO'LtCK, ap-os-tolMTk. 508. a. Taught by or belonging to an apostle. Dryden. APOSTOLICKS* ap-Ss-t&l'-fiks. n. s. A sect of itinerant anabaptists. Fulke. APO 1 STROPHE, a-pos'-tro-fe. 518. n.s. [diracTpo- .] A decoction. Wiseman. APOZE MICAL*, ap-6-zenV-e-kal.a. Like a decoc- tion. Whitaker. To APPA'1R§*. ap-pare'. v. a. [apaejian, Sax.] To impair, or bring into decay. Sir T. Ehjot. To APPA'IR*. ap-pare'. t*. n. To degenerate. Mo- rality of every Man. To APPA'M, ap-pall'. 406. v. a. [appalir, Fr.] To fright. Spenser. To APPA'L*, ap-pall. v. n. {jialleo, Lat.] To grow faint ; to be dismayed. Lydgate. APPA'LEMENT, ap-pall'-ment. n. s. Impression of fear. Bacon. A'PPANAGE, ap'-pa-naje. 90,503. n. s. [appanagi um, low Latin.] Lands set apart by princes for the maintenance ot their younger children. Bacon. APPARATUS, ap-pa-ra'-tfis. n. s. [Latin.] Means to any certain end, as the tools of a trade. Wood- ward. APPA'REL§, ap-par'-el. n. s. [appareil, Fr.] Dress. Shakspeare. External habiliments. Waller. To APPAREL, ap-par'-el v. a. To dress, 2 Sam. xiii. To adorn with dress. Sidney. To cover or deck, as with dress Bacon. To fit out. Hay ward. APPA'RENCE$*, ap-pa'-rense. n. s. [Fr.] Appear- ance. Chaucer. APPA'RENCY*, ap-pa/-ren-se. n. s. Appearance. Gower. APPARENT, ap-pa'-rent. a. Plain; indubitable. Hooker. Seeming.' Hale. Visible. Atterlniry. Open ; evident. Shaft. Certain ; not presumptive. Sliak. APPARENT, ap pa'-rent. n. s. For heir apparent Sliakspeare. APPARENTLY, ap-pa'-rent-le ad. Evidently; seeminglv. Sliakspeare. 13 APPA'RENTNESS*, ap-pa'-rent-n&s. 71. s. -f?t. n. s. Chief prophet. Warton. ARCHPRO'TESTANT*, artsh-pr&t'-Ss-tant. n. s. A principal or distinguished protestant. Stapleton. ARCHPURL1CAN*, artsh-pub'-le-kan. n. s. The distinguished publican. Bishop Hall. ARCHRE'BEL*, artsh-reV-el n. s. A principal rebel. Miltcni. ARCHTRATTOR*, artsh-tra'-tfir. n. s. The archen- emy 3 the devil ; any distinguished traitor. Hake- will. ARCHTRE'ASURER*, artsh-trezh'-u-rur. n. s. High treasurer. Guthrie. ARCHTYRANT*, artsh-tl'-rant. it. s. The principal tyrant. Bishop Hall. ARCJrTvTLLAIN^artsh-vllMin. n. s. An extraordi- nary villain. Shakspeare. ARCHVPLLANY*, artsh-vfl'-lan-e. n. s. Great vil- lany. Beaumont and Fletcher. ARCHWPFE*, artsh-wlfe'. n. s. A wife in the higher rank of society. Chaucer. ARCHAIOROGY§, ar-ka-ol'-o-je. n. s. [ip X a7o S and \6yos.~] A discourse on antiquity. Warton. ARCHAIOLO'GICK, ar-ka-o-ldd'-jik. a. Relating to a discourse on antiquity. ARCHAISM, ar'-ka-fsm. 353. n. s. [dp X ai^bs.] An ancient phrase. Watts. ARCHED, arMshe^d. pan. a. Bent in the form of an arch. SJiakspeare. £Cp- Words of this form are colloquially pronounced in one syllable ; and this syllable is one of the harsh- est that can be imagined, for it sounds as if written artsht. 359. TV. ARCHERS, artsh'-ur. n. s. [archer, Fr.] He that shoots with a bow. Shakspeare. AROHERESS*, artsh'-ur-es. n. s She that shoots with a bow. Fanshawe. ARCHERY, artsh'-ur-e. n. s. The use of the bow. Camden. The act of shooting with the bow. Shak. The art of an archer. Crasliaiv. ARCHES-COURT, artsh'-ez^rt. n. s. The chief consistory that belongs to the archbishop of Canter- bury, so called from Bow-church in London, where it is kept, whose top is raised of stone pillars, built archwise. Cowel. ARCHETYPE, ar'-ke-tlpe. 354. n. s. [archetypvm, Lat.] The original of which any resemblance is made. Glanviue. ARCHETYPAL, ar-ke-ti'-pal. a. Original. Norris. ARCHI'ATER*, ar-ld'-a-tar.n.s. [anhiatre, Fr.] A chief physician. Sir T. Herbert. ARCHICAL* ar'-ke-kal. a. Up X iKo i} Gr ] Chief 5 primary. Hallywell. ARCHIDlA'CONAL^r-ke-dl-ak'-i-nal. a. Belong- ing to an archdeacon. Wotton. ARCHIEPPSCQPAL, ar-ke-e-pis'-kd-pal. 354. a. [archiepiscopus, Lat.] Belonging to an archbishop. Bishop HalL ARCHIEPFSCOPACY*, ar-ke-e-pls'-ko-pa-se. n. s. The state of br archbishop. Sir E. Bering. ARCHITECT §, ar'-ke-tgkL 354. n. s. [architects, Lat.] A professor of the art of building. Wotton. A builder. Milton. The contriver or former. Ray. ARCHITECTIVE, ar-ke-teV-tlv. a. That performs the work of architecture. Derham. ARCHITECTO'NICAL* ar-ke-tSk-ton'-e-kal. n s. That which forms or builds any thing. Fotherbv. ARCHITECTO'NICAL*, ar-ke-tgkW-e-kal. a. Having skill in architecture. Sir T. Brown. ARCHITECTO'MCK, ar-ke-tgk-tdn'-nik. 508. a. [ap X os an( * tiktov.] That which has the power or skill of an architect Boyle. ARCHITECTOR*, ar-ke-tgk'-tar. n. s. A builder. Austin. Ob. T. ARCHITECTRESS* ar-ke-teV-tr&. n. s. She who builds. Wotton. ARCHITECTURE, ar'-ke-t&c-tshure. 461. n. s. The art or science of building. Cliambers. The ef- fect of the science of building. Burnet. ARCHITECTURAL* ar-ke-teV-tshu-ral. «. Relat- ing to architecture. Warton. ARCHITRAVE, ar'-ke-trave. n. s. [a? x t, and trabs, Lat.] That part of a column, which lies im- mediately upon the capital, and is the '< west mem- ber of the entablature. Wotton. ARCHIVES, ar'-klvz. 354. n.s. [archiva, Lat.] The place where records or ancient writings are kept, or the writings themselves. Woodward. ARCHLIKE* artsh'-like. a. Built like an arch. Young. ARCHLY*, artsh'-le. ad. Jocosely. Thyer. ARCHNESS*, artsh'-nes. n.s. Shrewdness ; sly hu- mour. Dr. Warton. A'RCHOm, ark'-&n. n. s. [opvwv.] The chief magis- trate among the Athenians. Potter. ARCHWISE, artsh'-wlze. 354. ad. In the form of an arch. Aijliffe. ARCFTENENT^ar-sn'-e-nent. a. [arcitenens, Lat.] Bow-bearing. Bid. ARCTA'TION, ark-ta'-shun. n. s. [arcto.] Confine- ment to a narrower compass. ARCTICK, ark'-tfk.ra.s. Northern; lying under the Arctos, or bear. Philips. ARCTICK Circle. The circle at which the northern frigid zone begins. ARCUATE, ai^-ku-ate. 91. a. [arcuatus, Lat.] Bent like an arch. Bacon. ARCUATILE, ar'-ku-a-til. a. Bent. Vict. ARCUA'TION, ar-ku-a'-shfin.«.s. The act of bend- ing. Curvity, or crookedness. [In gardening.] The method of raising by layers such trees as can- not be raised from seed, by bending down to the ground the branches which spring from the offsets. Chambers. ARCUATURE, aV-kri-a-tshure. n. s. The bending or curvature of an arch. Diet. ARCUBALIST*, ar'-ku-bal-lfst. n. s. [aracbalista, Lat.] A. cross-bow. Warton. ARCUBARISTER, ar-ku-bal'-is-tfir. n. s. A cross- bow-man. Camden. ARD, [Saxon.] signifies natural disposition ; as, Goddard, a divine temper; Reinard, a sincere temper ; Bernard, filial affection. Gibson. ARDENCY*, ar'-den-se. n. s. Ardour ; eagerness. Flammond. Heat. Sir T. Herbert. ARDENT §, ar'-dent. a. [ardens, Lat.] Hot; burn ing ; fiery. Newton. Fierce ; vehement. Dryden Passionate. Prior. ARDENTLY, ar'-dent-le. ad. Eagerly; affectionate- ly. Sprat. ARDENTNESS* ar^-dent-iies. n. s. Ardency. Sher- wood. ■ i ARDOUR, ar'-dur. 314. n. s. Heat. South. Heat of affection. Dryden. ARDU1TY, ar-du'-e-te. n. s. Height; difficulty. Diet. ARDUOUS §, ar'-ju-us. 293, 376. a. [arduus, Lat.] Lofty ; hard to climb. Pope. Difficult. South. ARDUOUSNESS, ar'-ju-fis-nes. 293, 376. n. s. Height; difficulty. ARE, ar. 75. The third person plural of the present tense of the verb to be. A-RE, or Alamire. The lowest note but one in Guido's scale of musick. Shakspeare. AREA, a'-r£-a. 70, 545, 534. n. s. [Latin.] The sur- face contained between any lines. Watts. Any open surface. Wotton. To ARE'AD, or ARE'ED, a-reed'. v. a. [apeban, Sax.] To advise ; to direct. Spenser. ARE'EK*, a-reek'. ad. In a reeking condition. Swift AREFA'CTION, ar-re-fak'-shfin. n.s. [arefacio, Lat.] Growing dry; drying. Bacon. To AREFY, ar'-re-fl. v. a. To dry. Bacon. ARE'NA*,k-rh''iiLn. s. [Lat. The amphitheatre at Rome has been so called, because strewed with arena, sand.] The space for combatants in a thea- tre. Maundrell, ARENA'CEOUS, ar-e-na/-shus. 527. a. Sandy. Brown. ARENA'TION, ar-re-na ; -shdn. n. s. A sort of dry bath, when the patient sits with his feet upon hot sand. Diet. ARENO'SE, ar-e-nose'. 527. a. Sandy. Diet. ARE'NULOUS, a-reV-u-;os. a. Full of small sand. 102 ARI ARM —116, move, n6r, ndt ;— tiibc, tub, b&ll ; — 6il ;— pdfind ;— thin, this. AREOMETER*, a-re-6m'-e-tur. 7i.s. [areomitre, Fr.l An instrument to measure the density of any liquid. AREO'PAGITE*, a-re-6p'-a-jlte. 156. n. s. A sena- tor or judge in the court of Areopagus at Athens. Acts, xvii. AREOPAGUS*, a-re-op'-a-gfis. n. s. ["Apetoirayos. Gr.] The highest court at Athens. Acts, xvii. AREOTICK, a-re-6t'-ik. 534. a. [dpatortKa, Gr.] Efficacious in opening the pores. Diet. ARETOLOGY, a-re-tdl'-o-je. n. s. f^m) and Xfyu.] That part of moral philosophy which treats of vir- tue. Diet. A KGAL, ar'-gal. n. s. Lees sticking to wine vessels, commonly called tartar. Diet. A'RGENT §, arMent. a. [argentum, Lat.1 The white colour used in the coats of gentlemen, knights, and baronets. Fairfax. Silver ; bright like silver. Milton. ARGENT-HORNED* ar'-jent-h6rn'd. a. Silver- horned. Lovelace. ARGENTATION, ar-jen-ta'-sh&n. n. s. An over- laving with silver. Diet. A'RGENTINE, ar'-ien-tlne. 148. a. Sounding like silver ; appearing like silver. Shakspeare. A'RGENTRY*, ar'-jent-re. n. s. Materials of silver. Hou-ell. Ob. T. A'RGIL§, ar'-jil. n. s. [dpytWos, Gr.] Potter's clay. Kincan. ARGILLACEOUS, ar-jll-la'-shfis. a. Clayey. Kir- wan. ARGFLLOUS, ar-jfl'-ius. 314. a. Consisting of clay. Brown. ARGOSY, ai-z-gi-se. 503. n. s. [Argo, the name of Jason's ship.] A large vessel for merchandise; a carrack. Shalcspeare. To A'RGUE $, ar'-gu. 335. v. n. [arguo, Lat.] To reason. Shakspeare. To dispute. Decay of Piety. To A'RGUE, ar'-gvj. v. a. To prove any thing by argument. Donne. To persuade. Congreve. To debate. To prove, as an argument. Milton. To charge with. Dryden. To prove by appearance. Tr. of Soliman and Perseda. A'RGUER, ar'-gu-ur. 98. n. s. A reasoner of Piety. A RGUING*, ar'-gu-ing. n. s. Argument. Smith. A RGUMENT, ar>-gu-ment. n. s. A reason alleged. Dryden. The subject of any discourse. Shak. The contents of any work. Dryden. A controversy. Shak. [In astronomy.] An arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first. Cliambers. To A'RGUMENT*, ai-Z-gu-ment. v. n. To reason ; to discourse. Gower. Ob. T. ARGUME'NTAL, ar-gu-men'-tal. a. Reasoning. Pope. ARGUMENTATION, ar-gu-men-ta'-shun. n. s. Reasoning. Watts. ARGUMENTATIVE, ar-gu-men'-ta-tiv. 512. a. Consisting of argument. Atterbury. Disputatious. ARGUMETVTATIVELY*, ar-gu-men'-ta-tk-le. ad. In an argumentative manner. Bp. Taylor. To A'RGUMENTIZE*, ar'-gu-men-tlze. v. n. To debate. Mannyngham. ARGUTE $, ar-gute'. a. [argutus, Lat.] Subtle; witty. Shrill. ARGUTENESS*, ar-gute'-nes. n. s. Wittiness ; acuteness. Dryden. A1RIA, a'-re-a. n. s. [ltal.] An air, song, or tune. A'RIAN*, a'-re-an. n. s. One of the sect of Arius, who denied that Christ is the Eternal God. South. A'RIAN*, a'-re-an. a. Belonging to Arianism. Trapp. A'RIANISM*, a'-re-an-lzm. n. s. The heresy of Arius. Leslie. To A'RIANIZE*, a'-re-an-lze. v. n. To admit the tenets of Arianism. Worthington. A'RID$, arMd. a. [aridus, Lat.] Dry. Arbuthnot. Cold ; pedantick. ARl'DITY, a-rld'-e-te. n. s. Dryness. Arbuthnot. Insensibility in devotion / contrary to unction or tenderness. Norris. ARIES, a'-re-ez. n. s. [Lat.] The Ram ; one of the twelve signs of the zodiack. Thomson. Decay To ARPETATE, a-rl'-e-tate. 91. v. n. [arieto, Lat.] To butt like a ram. 83" I have, in this word, followed Dr. Johnson, in placing the uccent on the second syllable, and not on the first, according to Mr. Sheridan, and Dr. Ash ; but I do not very well know for what reason, unless it be that words of this termination, derived from the Latin, generally preserve the accent of the original. See Principles, No. 503, (b.) W. ARIETA'TION, a-rl-e-ta'-shfin. n. s. The act of butting like a ram. Battering with an engine called a ram. Bacon. The act of striking, in gen- eral. Glanville. ARIE'TTA,k-rk-h'-ti.534. n s. [Ital.] A short air, song, or tune. ARFGHT, a-rlte'. 393. ad. [anehte, Sax.l Rightly ; wiUiout mental errour. Spenser. Rightly ; without crime. Psalms. Rightly; without tailing of the end. B. Jonson. ARIOLA'TION, or HARIOLA'TION, a-re-6-la'- shun. 534. n. s. [hariolus, Lat.] Soothsaying; va- ticination. Brown. ARIOSO, ar-e-6'-s6. n.s. [Ital.] The movement of a common air. To ARPSE, a-rlze'. v. n. [apifan, apa]*, Sax.] To mount upward. Dryden. To get up. 1 Esd. ix. To come into view. Matt. xxiv. To revive from death. Isaiah. To proceed from. Acts, xi. To enter upon a new station. Cowley. To commence hostility. 1 Samuel, xvii. A'RISTARCHY* ar'-rfs-tar-ke. n.s. [apurros and dpyrh] A body of good men in power. Harrington. ARISTO'CRACYf, ar-?s-tok'-kra-se. n.s. [fyioros and Kpariw.] That form of government which places the supreme power in the nobles. Swift. ARISTOCRAT*, ar-is-t6-krat'. n. s. A favourer of aristocracy. Burke. ARISTOCRATICAL, ar-rfs-ti-krat'-te-kal. 544- \ ARISTOCRATICK* ar-r?s-t6-krat'-fe. S a. Relating to aristocracy. Ayliffe. ARISTOCRATICALLY* ar-rfs-t6-krat'-e-kal-& ad. In an aristocratical manner. ARISTOCRA'TICALNESS, ar-rfs-t6-krat'-e-kal- n^s. n. s. An aristocratical state. ARISTO / CRATY*,ar-rls-t6k / -ra.te. n.s. The same as aristocracy. Burton. ARISTOTELIAN*, ar-rfs-to-te'-le-an. a. Founded on the opinion of Aristotle. Warburton. ARISTOTE'LIAN* ar-r?s-t6-te'-le-an. n. s. A fol- lower of Aristotle. Sir Miles Sandys. ARISTOTE'LICK* ar-r?s-t6-u?l'-llk. a. Relating to the philosophy of Aristotle. Warton. ARPTHMANCY, a-rfe/i'-man-se. n. s. [apiO^bs and fiavrtia.'] A foretelling future events by numbers. Diet. ARITHMETICAL, ar-M-met'-te-kal. 527. a. Ac- cording to arithmetick. Grew. ARITHMETICALLY, ar-M-meV-te-kal-le. ad. In an arithmetical man»er. Arbuthnot. ARITHMETPCIAN, a-rfe/i-me-tlsh'-an. n.s. A master of the art of numbers. Addison. ARITHMETICK §, a-rM'-me-tik. n.s. [dpiO^og and fitrpiu).'] The science of numbers. Shakspeare. #5" There is a small, but a very general deviation from accuracy in pronouncing this word, which lies in giving the first i the sound of short c, as if written arethmetick. As this inaccuracy is but trifling, so it may be rectified without any great singularity. W. ARK, ark. 77. n. s. [area, Lat.] A vessel to swim upon the water, usually applied to that in which Noah was preserved. Genesis. The repository of the covenant of God with the Jews. Calmet. A chest, coifer, or bin. Bp. King. ARM, arm. [See Art.] n. s. [armus, Lat.] The limb which reaches from the hand to the shoulder. Job. The bough of a tree. Sidney. An inlet of water from the sea. Dnjd. Power; might. Jer. xvii. ARM'S-REACH*, armz'-retsh. n.s. Within the stretch of the arm. To ARM$, arm. [See Art.] v. a. [armo, Lat.] To furnish with armour of defence. Genesis. To plate with any thing that mav add strength. Shak. To 103 ARM ARR 0*559. — Fate, far, fall, fat; — me met;— pine, pln;- furnish ; to fit up. Wallon. To provide against. Spenser. To ARM, arm. [See Art.] v. n. To take arms. Skakspeare. ARMADA, ar-ma'-da. [See Lumbago.] n. s. [Span.] An armament for sea ; a fleet of war. Fairfax. ARMADILLO, &r-mi-dfl'-l6. n.s. [Span.] A four- footed animal of Brazil, as big as a cat, with a snout like a hog, a tail like a lizard, and feet like a hedge-hog, armed all over with hard scales like armour, whence he takes his name. Trevoux. A'RMAMENT, ar'-ma-ment. 503. n. s. [arm-amen- tum, Lat.] A force equipped lor war. Bryant. ARMAME INTARY, ar-ma-ment'-a-re. n. s. An argioury. >Micti A'RMAN, ay-man. n. s. A confection for restoriug appetite in horses. Diet. A'RMATURE, ar'-ma-tshure. 461. n. s. Armour. Ray. Offensive weapons. Decay of Piety. A'RMED, arm'd. a. [In heraldry.] It is used in respect of beasts and birds, when their teeth, horns, &c. are of a different colour from the rest. Chambers. A'RMED Choir, arm'd' -tshare. n.s. An elbow-chair. ARMENIAN Bole, ar-me'-ne-an-b6le. n.s. A fatty medicinal kind of earth, of a pale reddish colour, which takes its name from the country of Armenia. ARMENIAN Stone, ar-me'-ne-an-stohe. n. s. A mineral stone or earth of a blue colour, spotted with green, black, and yellow ; anciently brought only from Armenia. ARME'NTAL, ar-meV-tal. )a. [armenlalis, A'RMENTINE, ar'-men-tlne. 149: \ Lat.] Belong- ing to a drove or herd of cattle. Diet. ARMENTOSE, ar-men^se'. a. Abounding with cattle. Diet. ARMFUL*, arm'-ful. n. s. What the arm can hold. Beaumont and Fletcher. A'RMGAUNT, arnV-gant. 214. a. Slender as the arm. Shakspeare. A'RMHOLE, arm'-hole. n. s. The cavity under the shoulder. Bacon. ARMFGEROUS, ar-mld'-jur-rus. a. [armiger, Lat.] Bearing arms. A'RMILLARY, ar'-mll-la-re. [See Maxillary.] a. [armilla, Lat.] Resembling a bracelet. Harris. A'RMILLATED, ar'-mll-la-tecl. a. Having brace- lets. Diet. A'RMINGS, arm'-mgz. n. s. Clothes hung about the outside of the ship's upper works fore and aft, and before the cubbrige heads. Chambers. ARMFNIAN*, ar-rmV-yan. 113. n. s. He who sup- ports the tenets of Arminius. Burnet. ARMFNIAN*, ar-min'-yan. a. Relating to the sect of Arminius. South. ARMPN1ANISM*, ar-min'-yan-nlzm. n. s. The tenets of Arminius. Mountagu. ARMFPOTENCE, ar-mV-6-tense. 518. n. s. Pow- er in war. ARMFPOTENT, ar-mlp'-o-tent. a. Powerful in arms. Shakspeare. ARMPSONOUS, ar-imV-6-nus. a. [armisonus, Lat.] Rustling with armour. A'RMIST ICE, ar'-me-stls. 503, 142. n. s. [armistiti- tm, Lat.] A short truce. Lyttelton. A'RMLESS*, arm'-les. a. Without an arm. Chancer. Without weapons or arms. Beaumont and Fletcher. A'RMLET, arm'-let. n. s. A little arm ; as, an arm- let of the sea. A piece of armour for the arm. A bracelet for the arm. Donne. ARMONIAC, ar-mi'-ne-ak. 505. n. s. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac. A'RMORER, ar'-mfir-ur. 557. n. s. He that makes armour. Shakspeare. He that dresses another in armour. Shakspeare. ARMORIAL, ar-m6 / -re-al. a. Belonging to the arms of a family. Potter. Belonging to armour. ARMORICAN*, ar-mor'-e-kan. a. Relating to Ar- morica or Basse Bretagne, now Britany. Warton. ARMOR1CK*. ar-m&r'-rik. a. Armorican. Milton. A'RMORIST, ar'-mur-rfst. n. s. A person skilled in heraldry. Diet A'RMORY, ar'-mur-e. 557. n. s. [armarium, Lat.] The place in which arms are reposited for use. Milton. Armour. Milton. Ensigns armorial. Spenser. A'RMOUR, ar'-mur. 314. n. s. Defensive arms. Shakspeare. A^RMQUR-BEARER^-mar-bW-ur. n.s. He that carries the armour of another. Dryden. A'RMPIT, arm'-pJt. n. s. The hollow place under the shoulder. Moxon. ARMS. armz. 77. n. s: [arraa, Lat.] Weapons of of- fence. Pope. A state of hostility. Shak. War in general. Dry den. The act of taking arms. Milton The ensigns armorial of a family. A'RMY, ar'-me. 482. n. s. [armee, FY,] A collection of armed men. Locke. A great number. Shak. ARNA'TTO*, ar-nat'-to. > n.s. A vegetable produc- ARNCVTTO*, ar-not'-t6. \ tion of the West Indies, used as a dye. Sir W. Petty. AROINT. See Aroynt. ARO'MA*, a-r6'-ma. n.s. [apw/ia, Gr.] Theodorant principle of plants. AROMA'TICAL, ar-6-mat'-e-kal. a. Spicy ; fra- grant. Bacon. AROMA / TICK,ar-6-mat / -ik.527.a. Spicy. Dryden. Fragrant. Pope. AROMA'TICKS, ar-6-matMks. 527. n.s. Spices Raleigh. AROMATIZA'TION, ar-i-mat-e-za'-shun. n. s The mingling of aromatick spices with any med- icine. To AROMATIZE, ar'-i-ma-tlze. v. a. To scent with spices. Bacon. To scent. Broicn. ARO / MATIZER*,ar / -r6-ma-tl-zvV. n.s. That which gives a spicy quality. Evelyn. ARO'SE, a-r6ze / . 554. The preterite of the verb arise. AROUND, a-round'. ad. In a circle. Dryden. On every side. Dryden. AROTJND, a-r6uTuv\ 545. //rep. About. Dryden. To ARO'USE, a-rduze'. v. a. To wake from sleep. Shakspeare. To raise up. Thomson. ARO'W, a-r plants in coming up and O'RRAGE, or'-rldje. ) running to seed. Mortim. ARRACK, or ARA'CK, ar-rak'. n.s. A spirit procured by distillation from a vegetable juice called toddy, which flows by incision out of the cocoa-nut tree. Chambers. ARRACK-PUNCH*, ar-rak'-pfinsh. n. s. The liquor called punch, composed, in a great degree, of arrack. Dr. Warton. To ARRA'IGNS, ar-rane'. v. a. [drraigner, Fr.] To set a thing in order, ox in its place. Coicel. To accuse. Roscommon. ARRAIGNMENT, ar-rane'-ment. n. s. The act of arraigning. Dryden. ARRA°IMENT* ar-ra'-ment. n. s. Clothing ; dress. Sheldon. A'RRAND*, ar'-rand. n. s. [eepenb, Sax.] The old word for errand, message. Howell. To ARRA'NGE$,ar-ranje'. v. a. [arranger, Fr.] To put in the proper order. Spenser. ARRANGEMENT, ar-ranje'-ment. n. s. The act of putting in proper order. Cheyne. 104 ARR ART -nb, move, ndr, n&t ;— tube, tub, b&ll 5 — 611 ; — p6ftnd ;— . a. To seize by a man- date. Shak. To seize any thing by law. Slmk To lay hands on. Spenser. To withhold. Dairies, To stop motion. Boyle. To obstruct. Bacon. To ARRE'T§* ar-ret'. v. a. [arreter, old Fr.] To assign 5 to allot. Spenser. Ob. T. ARRE T*, ar-ret'. n. s. A decree. ARRETTED, ar-rel'-ted. a. One convened before a judge, and charged with a crime. ToARRI'DE, ar-rlde'. v. a. [arrideo, Lat.] To laugh at. To smile. To please well. B. Jonson. ARRIE'RE, ar-reer'. n.s. [Fr.] The last body of an armv. Hayward. ARRL'ERE BAN, ar-reer 7 -ban. n.s. A general proclamation, by which the king of France sum- mons to the war all that hold of him. Sir H. Slieere. ARRl'ERE FEE, or FIEF. A fee dependant on a superiour one. ARRl'ERE VASSAL. The vassal of a vassal. Trevoux. ARRI'SION, ar-rizh'-un. 451. n. s. [arrisio, Lat.] A smiling upon. Dirt. ARRI'VAL, ar-rl'-val. n. s. Coming to any place. Waller. ARRI'VANCE, ar-rl'-vanse. n. s. Company coming. Sliakspeare. Ob. J. To ARRIVES, ar-rlve'. v. n. [arriver, Fr.] To come to any place. Dryden. To reach any point. Locke. To gain any thing. Taylor. To happen. Waller. To ARRI'VE*, ar-rlve'. v. a. To reach. Shakspeare. ToARRO'DE, ar-r6de'. v. a. [arrodo, Lat.] To gnaw or nibble. Diet. A'RROGANCE, ar'-ro-ganse. ) n. s. The quality A'RROGANCY, ar'-ro-gan-se. $ of taking much upon one's self. Shakspeare. A'RROGANT, ar'-r6-gant. 81, 82. a. Haughty; proud. Temple. A'RROGANTLY, aV-r6-gant-le. ad. In an arrogant manner. Dryden 14 A'RROGANTNESS, ar'-ro-gant-nes. n. s. The same with arrogance. Diet. ToA'RROGATE$, ar'-ro-gate. 91. v. a. [arrogo, Lat.] To claim vainly. Hayward. ABROGATION, ar-r6-ga/-shun. n. s. A claiming in a proud unjust manner. More. A'RROGATIVE*, ar'-ro-ga-uv. a. Claiming in an unjust manner. More. ARRO'SION, ar-r6'-zhfin. 451 . n. s. A gnawing. Diet. A'RROW^ar'-ro. 327. n.s. [apepe, Sax.] The pointed weapon which is shot from a bow. Shak. A'RROWHEAD, ar'-ro-hed. n. s. A water plant : its leaves resemble the head of an arrow. Diet. A'RROWY, ar'-ro-e. a. Consisting of arrows. Mil- ton. Formed like an arrow. Cowper. ARSE, arse. n. s. [eajire, Sax.] The buttocks. ARSE-FOOT, ars'-fut. n. s. A kind of water-fowl. Diet. A'RSENAL, ar'-se-nal. n. s. [arsenale, Ital.] A mag azine of military stores. Addison. ARSE 'NIC AL, ar-sen'-e-kal. a. Containing arsenick Harvey. A'RSENICK§, arse'-nlk. n.s. [dpowi/cov.] A min eral substance, which is a violent corrosive poison. Cfiambers. A'RSMART, ars'-mart. n. s. An herb. Coles. A'RSON* ar'-s'n. n.s. [arson, old Fr.] The crime of house-burning. ART §, art. 77. n. s. [ars, Lat.] The. power of doing something not taught by nature. South. A sci- ence. Ben Jonson. A trade. Boyle. Artfulness. Shak. Cunning. Shak. Speculation. Sliak. $5= As a before r, followed by a vowel, has the short or fourth sound, so when it is followed by a consonant it has the long or second sound. See Arable, 81, 168. TV. ARTE'RIAL, ar-te'-re-al. a. That which relates to the artery. Blackmore. ARTERIO'TOMY, ar-te-re-&t'-t6-me. 518. n.s. The operation of letting blood from the artery. A'RTERY §, ar'-tur-e. 555. n. s. [arteria, Lat. from the Gr.] A conical canal, conveying the blood from the. heart to all parts of the body. Quvicy. A'RTFUL. art'-iul. 174. a. Performed with art. Dryden. Artificial. Cunning. Pope. A'RTFULLY. art'-fui-le. ad. With art ; skilfully. Dryden. A'RTFULNESS, art'-ful-nes. n. s. Skill. Cheyne. Cunning. ARTHRI'TICK, dr-tfirlt'-fk. 509. Gouty. Ar- buihnot. Re- ARTHRI'TICAL, ar-tfirft'-e-kal lating to joints. Brown. \ ARTHRITIS, ar-tfirft'-k n.s. [& 9 6piTi S .] The S>ut. Quincv. TICHOKE, arMe-tshoke. n. s [articliault, Fr.] A plant very like the thistle, but having large scaly heads like the cone of the pine tree. Miller. A'RTICHOKE of Jerusalem. A species of sun-flow- er, yielding esculent roots. A'RTICK, ar'-tlk.a. [ooktikos, Gr.] Northern 5 under the bear. See Arctick. Brown. A'RTICLE $, ar'-te-kl. 405. n. s. [articulus, Lat.] A part of speech. A single clause of an account. Hooker. Terms; stipulations. Shak. Point of time. Clarendon. To A'RTICLE, ar'-te-kl. 405. v. n. To stipulate. Donne. To A'RTICLE, ar'-te-kl. v. a. To draw up in arti- cles. Bp. Taylor. ARTI'CULAR, ar-dk'-u-lar. a. Belonging to the joints. ARTI'CULARLY*, ar-tik'-u-lar-le. ad. Sounding every syllable, and staying at every point. Huloet. ARTI'CtLATE, ar-t?k'-u-late. 91. a. Distinct Bacon. Branched out into articles. Bacon. Be- longing to the joints. Wliitaker. To ATRTI'CULATE, ar-tlk'-u-late. 91. v. a. To form words; to speak as a man. Glanvilk. To draw up in articles. Shak. To make terms; to treat, Sliakspeare. To joint. Smith. To ARTICULATE, ar-tik'-u-late. v.n. To speak distinctly. 105 ASB ASH O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, m& ;— pine, pin ;- ARTICULATELY, ar-tlk'-u-laie-le. ad. In an ar- ticulate voice. Decay of Piety. ARTICULATION, ar-tlk-u-la'-shfin. n. s. The juncture or joint of bones. Ray. The act of form- ing words. Bacon. The joints or knots in some plants, as the cane. ARTIFICE $, ar'-te-ffs. 142. n. s. [artifcium, Lat.] Trick; fraud. South. Art; trade. ARTIFICER, ar-tiP-f e-sftr. 98. n. s. An artist ; a manufacturer. Sidney. A former ; a contriver. Milton. A dexterous or artful fellow. B. Jonson. ARTIFICIAL, ar-te-fish'-al. a. Made by art. Sid- ney. Fictitious. Shak. Artful. Temple. Skilled in stratagem. Continuation of Clarendon's Life. ARTIFICIAL*, ar-te-flsh'-al. n. s. The production of art. Sir W. Petty. ARTIFICIALITY*, ar-te-fish-e-al'-e-ie. n. s. Ap- pearance of art. Shenstone. ARTIFICIALLY, ar-te-fish'-al-le. ad. Artfully. Sidney. By art Addison. Craftily. Burnet. ART1FICIALNESS, ar-te-flsh'-al-nes. n. s. Artful- ness. Diet. ARTIFFCIOUS, ar-te-flsh'-fls. a. Artificial. To A'RTILISE*, ar'-te-llze. ) v. a. To gwe the ap- To A'RTIZE* ar'-tlze. \ pearance of art to. Bolingbroke. ARTFLLERY, ar-til'-lfir-re. 555. n.s. [artillerie, Fr.] Weapons of war. 1 Samuel. Cannon. Slmkspeare. ARTISAN, ar-te-zan'. 528. n. s. [French.] Artist. Wotton. Manufacturer. Addison. A'RTIST, art'-lst. n. s. [artiste, Fr.] The professor of an art. Waller. A skilful man. Locke. A'RTLESS, art'-l&. a. Unskilful. Drydm. Void of fraud. Contrived without skill. A'RTLESSLY, art'-lCs-le. ad. In an artless manner. Naturally ; sincerely. Pope. A'RTLESSNESS*, an'-leVnSs. n. s. Want of art. A'RTSMAN*, arts'-man. n.s. A man skilled in arts. Bacon. ARUNDINA'CEOUS, a-run-de-na'-sh&s. 292. a. [arundinoxeus, Lat.] Of or like reeds. Diet. ARUNDINEOUS, ar-fin-d?n'-e-fts. a. Abounding with reeds. AR USPEX*, a-rus'-pgks. n. s. [Latin.] A sooth- sayer. Dryden. ARU'SPICE* a-r&s'-pls. n. s. A soothsayer. Bp. Story. ARU'SPICY*. a-rfis'-pe-se. n. s. The act of prog- nosticating - by inspecting the entrails of the sacri- fice. Butler. AS*, as. n. s. [Lat.] The Roman pound, consisting of twelve ounces. Blackstone. AS, az. 423. conjunct, [als, Teut.] In the same man ner with something else. Sliak. In the manner that. Dryden. That; in a consequential sense Sidney. In the state of another. A. Philips. Under a particular consideration. Hooker. Like. Watts. In the same degree with. Blackmore. As if. Spen- ser. According to what. 1 Cor. As it were. Bacon. While. Dryden. Because. Taylor. As be- ing. Bacon. Equally. Dryden. How ; in what man- ner. Boyle. With; answering to like or same. Shak. In a reciprocal sense. Locke. Answering to such. Til- lotson. Having so to answer it. Locke. Answering to so conditionally. Dryden. In a sense of comparison, followed by so. Pope. As for ; with respect to. Dryden. As if ; in the manner that it would be if. Locke. As to; with respect to. Shak. As well as; equally with. Locke. As though; as if. Sharp. ASADULC1S, as'-a-dfil-sk See Benzoin. AS A FOETID A, or A'SSAFOETWA, as-sa- feV-e-da. n. s. A gum brought from the East Indies, of a sharp taste, and a strong offensive smell. Chambers. ASARABA'CCA, as-sa-ra-bak'-ka. n. s. [asarum, LatJ A plant. ASBESTINE, az-beV-tin. 140. a. Something incom- bustible. Feltham. ASBE'STOS^z-bfc'-tis. 166.n.s.[ao(ScaTos.'] A sort of native fossil stone, which may be split into threads and filaments, which is endued with the property of remaining unconsumed in the fire. Chambers. ASCA'RIDES, as-kar'-e-dez.n.s. [acKapi&es.] Little worms in the rectum. Quincy. To ASCE'ND $, as-seW. v. n. [ascendo, Lat.] To move upwards. Milton. To proceed from one de- gree of good to another. Watts. To stand higher in genealogy. Broom. To ASCE'ND, as-s^nd'. v. a. To climb up. Barrow. ASCE'ND ABLE, as-send'-a-bl. a. That may be ascended. Diet. ASCE'ND ANT, as-seV-dant. n. s. The part of the ecliptick at any particular lime above the horizon, supposed by astrologers to have great influence. Height ; elevation. Temple. Superiority. Claren- don. The person having influence. Burke. One of the degrees of kindred reckoned upwards. Aylijfe. ASCE'ND ANT, as-seV-dant. a. Superiour ; predom- inant. South. Above the horizon. Brown. ASCE'NDENCY, as-seV-den-se. n. s. Influence; power. Watts. ASCE'NSION, as-seV-shun. 451. n. s. The act of ascending : frequently applied to the visible eleva- tion of our Saviour to heaven. Milton. The thing rising, or mounting. Brown. ASCENSION DAY, as-sen'-shan-da'. The day on which the Ascension of our Saviour is commemo- rated, commonly called Holy Thursday. ASCE'NSD/E, as-seV-siv. 158. a. In a state of as- cent. Brown. Ob. J. ASCE'NT, as-sfint'. n. s. Rise. Milton. The way by which one ascends. Bacon. An eminence, or high place. Addison. To ASCERTAIN §, as-sgr-tane'. v. a. [acertener, Fr.] To make certain ; to establish. Hooker. To make confident. Hammond. ASCERTAINABLE*, as-ser-tane'-a-bl. a. That which may be ascertained. ASCERTAINMENT, as-ser-lane'-ment. n. s. A settled rule. Swift. ASCE'TICISM*, as-seV-e-slzm. n. s. The state of an ascetick. Warbution. ASCE'TICK$, as-seY-?k. 509. a. [acK V rtKd s .'] Em- ployed wholly in devotion and mortification. South. ASCE'TICK, as : seV-lk. n, s. He that retires to de- votion ; a hermit. Norris. A' SCII, ash'-e-l. 7i.s. [a and ada.] Those people who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon ; such are the inhabitants of the torrid zone. Diet. ASCITES $, as-sl'-tez. n. s. [anas.] A dropsy of the lower belly and depending parts. Quincy. ASCI'TICAL, as-sft'-e-kai. ; 507. a. Dropsical. Wise- ASCI'TICK, as-sit'-'fk. \ man. ASCITI'TIOUS, as-se-tish'-fis. a. [ascititius, Lat.] Supplemental. Pope. ASCRIBABLE, as-krl'-ba-bl.405. a. That which may be ascribed. Boyle. To ASCRI'BE $, as-krlbe'. v. a. [ascribo, Lat.] To attribute to as a cause. Dryden. To attribute as a quality to persons. Tillotson. ASCRIPTION, as-krlp'-sh&n. n. s. The act of ascrib- ing. Fotlierby. ASCRIPTI'TIOUS, as-kr?p-t?sh'-fis. a. That which is ascribed. Farindon. ASH, ash. n. s. [sere, Sax.] A tree. Miller. The wood of the ash. Shaksjware. To ASHA'ME §*, a-shame'. v. a. To make ashamed. Barrow. ASHA'MED, a-sha'-meU 359, 362.0. Touched with shame. Taylor. ASHA'MEDLY*, a-sha'-med-le. ad. Bashfully. Hu- loet. ASH-COLOURED, ash'-kul-fad. 362. a. Coloured between brown and gray, like the bark of an ashen branch. Woodward. ASHE'LF*, d-shelf . ad. On a shelf, or rock. Mas- sinsrer. A'SHEN, ash'-she'n. 103, 359. a. Made of ash-wood. Dryden. A'SHFIRE* ash'-flre. n. s. The low fire used in chymical operations. A'SHFLY*, ash'-fll. n. s. The oak-fly CompUte Angler. 106 ASP ASP — n6, move, ndr, not; — lube, tub, bull; — oil; — p6und; — thin, -ruis. A'SHES, ash'-iz. 99. n. s. [apca, Sax.] The remains of any thing burnt. Digby. The remains of the body. Shakspeare. A'SHLAR, ash'-lar. n. s. Free stones, as they come out of the quarry. A SHLERING, "ash'-lfir-ing. 5bo. n. s. Quartering in garrets, about two feet and a half or three feet high, perpendicular to the Hoor. Builder's Diet. ASHO'RE, a-sh6re'. ad. On shore. Raleigh. To the shore. Sliakspeare. A'SHTUB*. ash'-tftb. n. s. A tub to receive ashes. Quarles. ASHWE'DNESDAY, ash-wenz'-de. n. s. The first day of Lent, so called from the ancient custom of sprinkling ashes on the head. A'SHWEED. ash'-weed. n. s. An herb. A'SHY, iish'-e. a. Ash-coloured. Shak. Turned into ashes. Mi/ton. A'SHY-PALE* ash'-e-nale. a. Pale as ashes. SJiak. A'SIAN*, a'-she-an. a. Relating to Asia. B. Jonson. ASIA TJCK*, a-she-at'-tlk. a. Respecting Asia. Bp. Taylor. ASIA'TICK* a-she-at'-tik. n. s. A native of Asia. Sir Thomas Herbert. ASIATICISM*, a-she-at'-e-slzm. n. s. Imitation of the Asiatick manner. Warton. ASI'DE, a-side'. ad. To one side. Dryden. To an- other part. Bacon. From the company. Mark, vii. A'SL\ARY,as'-se-na-re. a. Belonging to an ass. Diet. A'SININE, as'-se-nine. 149. a. [asimts, Lat.] Be- longing toan ass. Milton. To ASK §, ask. 79. v. a. [aj-cian, Sax.] To petition. Shak. To demand. Genesis, xxxiv. To question. Jeremiah, xlviii. To inquire. Genesis, xxxii. To require. B. Jonson. To ASK, ask.r. n. To petition. Ecclus.xxi. To make inquiry. Jerem. vi. ASK, ASH, AS, come from the Saxon se]«c, an ash tree. Gibson. ASK*. SeeAsKER. ASKA'NCE, or ASKA'UNCE, a-skanse'. 214. ad. [sckain, Dutch.] Sideways; obliquely. Sid7iey. ASKA'UNT, a-sfcant'. 214". ad. Obliauely. Dryden. A'SKER, ask'-fir. 98. n. s. Petitioner. Shak. In- quirer. Digby. A'SKER, ask'-Qr. n.s. written also ask. [a5ex,Sax.] A water newt. ASKE'W, a-skiV. ad. [ski/e. Goth, ska, partic. disjunct. skee, oblique.] Aside ; with contempt or envy. Spen- ser. Obliquelv. Gayton. To ASLA'KE", a-slake'. v. a. [aylacian, SaxJ To remit ; to mitigate ; to slacken. Spenser. Ob. J. ASLA'NT, a-slanV. 78. ad. Obliquely. Shakspeare. ASLEEP, a-s!eer/. ad. Sleeping at rest. Shak. To sleep. Bacon. Figurativelv for the dead. 2 Esdras. ASLOPE, a-sl6pe'. ad. [ajdupan, Sax.] With de- clivity. Bacon. ASLU'G*, d-slug'. ad. In a sluggish manner. Foth- erlnt. ASO'MATOUS, a-sSm'-a-tfis. a. [a and trc^a.] In- corporeal ; without a body. ASP. asp. t ^ ) n. s. [aspis, Lat.] A kind of poi- ) A'SPICK,as'-plk. ) sonous serpent. Cabnet. Spenser. ASP. See Aspf.n. ASPA'LATHUS, as-pal'-a-ttfis. n. s. [Lat.] A plant called the rose of Jerusalem. The wood of a prickly tree, heavy, oleaginous, somewhat sharp and bitter to the taste. Chambers. ASPA'RAGUS, as-par'-a-gus. n. s. [ao-irdpayos, Gr.] A plant. Miller. J£T This word is vulgarly pronounced Sparrow grass. It may be observed, that such words as the vulgar do not know how to spell, and which convey no definite idea of the thing, are frequently changed by them into such words as they do know how to spell, and which do convey some definite idea. The word in question is an instance of it- and the corruption of this word into Sparrowgrass is so general, that asparagus has an air of stiffness and pedantry. See Lantern. TV. A'SPECT§, as'-pekt. n. s. [aspectus, Lat.] Look. Government of the Tongue. Countenance. Shak. Glance. Spenser. View; position. Milton. Rela- tion. Locke. Disposition of a planet to other plan- ets. Shakspeare. 20" This word, as a noun, was universally pronounced with the accent on the last syllable till about the mid- dle of the seventeenth century. It grew antiquated in Milton's time, and is now entirely obsolete. Dr. Far- mer's observations on this word, in his no less solid than ingenious Essay on The Learning of Shakspeare, are so curious, as well a3 just, that the reader will, I doubt not, be obliged to me for quoting them. "Sometimes a very little matter detects a forgery. You " may remember a play called the Double Falsehood, " which Mr. Theobald was desirous of palming upon the " world for a posthumous one of Shakspeare ; and 1 " see it is classed as such in the last, edition of the Bod- " leian catalogue. Mr. Pope himself, after all the stric- "tures of Scriblerus, in a letter to Aaron Hill, supposes "it of that age ; but a mistaken accent determines it to " have been written since the middle of the last century . " ' This late example " Of base Henriquez, bleeding in me now, " From each good aspect takes away my trust.' And in another place, <: ' You have an aspect, sir, of wondrous wisdom.' " The word aspect, you perceive, is here accented on tho '■'•first syllable, which, 1 am confident, in any sense of " it, was never the case in the time of Shakspeare ■ " though it may sometimes appear to be so, when we do " not observe a preceding elision. "Some of the professed imitators of our old poets have not "attended to this and many other minutia: I could " point out to you several performances in the respective ■' styles of Chaucer, Spenser, and Shakspeare, which the " imitated bard could not possibly have either read or " construed. " This very accent hath troubled the annotators on Mil- "ton. Dr. Bentley observes it to be a tone different " from the present use. Mr. Manwaring, in his Treatise "of Harmony and Numbers, very solemnly informs us, "that this verse i3 defective both in accent and quantity : " ' His words here ended ; but his meek aspect, " Silent, yet spake.' " ' Here, says he, a syllable is acuted and long, whereas " it should be short and graved ." ' And a still more extraordinary gentleman, one Green, who " published a specimen of a new version of the Paradise " Lost, into blank verse, ' by which that amazing work is " brought somewhat nearer the summit of perfection,' "begins with correcting a blunder in the fourth book: " ' The setting sun " Slowly descended, and with right aspect — " Levell'd his evening rays.' " J\ r ot so in the new version : " ' Mean while the setting sun, descending slow — "Levell'd with aspect right his evening ray3.' ; Enough of such commentators. — The celebrated Dr. i " Dee had a spirit, who would sometimes condescend " to correct him, when peccant in quantity : and it had " been kind of him to have a little assisted the wights " above-mentioned.— Milton affected the auuqve- but " it may see:n more extraordinary, that the old decent "should be adopted in Hudibras." TV. To ASPE'CT. as-pfikt'. 492. v. a. To behold. Temple. ASPE'CTABLE, as-pek'-ta-bl. 405. a. Visible. Ra- leigh. A'SPECTED*, as'-pgkt-ed. a. Having an aspect. B. Jonson. ASPE'CTION, as-pek'-shun. n.s. Beholding; view. Brou-w. A'SPEN^as'-pen. 103. ? n. s. [arppe, Sax.] A species ASP§.asp. ) of poplar, the leaves of which always tremble. Mortimer. A'SPEN, as'-pen. a. Belonging to the asp tree. Shak. Made of aspen 'vood. Resembling an aspen tree. Donne. A'SPER*, as'-pur. 98. n.s. A small Turkish coin of less value than our penny. Beaumont and Fletcher. A'SPER, as'-pfir. a. [Lat.] Rough; rugged. Bacon. ToA'SPERATES, aV-pe-rate, 91. v. a. [aspero, Lat.] To roughen. Boyle. $jF This word, and those that succeed it of the same family, seem to follow the general rule in the sound of the e before r when after the accent ; that is, to preserve it pure, and in a separate syllable. — See Principles, No. 555. W. ASPERA'TION, as-pe-ra'-shon. n. s. A making rough. Diet. h 107 ASS ASS \TT 559 .—Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met ;— pme, pin;— ASPERGO'IRE*, as-pgr-gw6r'. n. s. [aspersoir, Fr.] A holy-water-sprinkle. Warton. ASPERIFO'LIOUS, as-per-e-f6'-le-us. a. One of the divisions of plants, so called from the roughness of their leaves. ASPE'RITY, as-peY-e-te. n. s. Unevenness. Boyle. Roughness of sound. Waiion. Roughness of tem- per. Govern, of Tongue. Sharpness. Bp. Berkeley. A'SPERLY*, 'or A 7 SPRELY* as'-pur-le. ad. Roughly; sharply. Sir T. Elyot. Ob. T. ASPERNA'TION, as-per-na'-shun. n.s. [aspernatio, Lat.] Neglect ; disregard. Diet. A'SPEROUS, as^-pe-rus. a. Rough. Boyle. To ASPE'RSE§, as-p£rse'. v. a. [aspergo, Lat.] To bespatter with censure. Clarendon. Simply, to cast upon. Heywood. ASPE'RSER*, ds-perse'-ur. n. s. He who vilifies another. ASPE'RSION, as-peV-shun,«.s. A sprinkling. Shak. Calumny. Bp. Hall. ASPHA'LTICK, as-fal'-t3k. 84. a. Gummy; bitu- minous. Milton. ASPHA'L TOS, as-fdl'-tus. n. s. [a^aXros.] A bitu- minous substance resembling pitch, chiefly found swimming on the Locus Asplialtiies, or Dead Sea, where anciently stood the cities of Sodom and Go- morrah. Milton. ASPHALTUM, as-fal'-tum. n.s. [Lat.] A bitu- minous stone found near the ancient Babylon. Chambers. A'SPHODEL, as'-f6-del. n. s. [lilio-asphodelus, Lat.] Day-lily. Pope. A'SPICK, as'-plk. n. s. The name of a serpent. Addison. The name of a piece of ordnance, which is said to carry a twelve-pound shot. ASPFRANT* as-pi'-rant. n. s. [Fr.l A candidate. Hard, To A'SPIRATE §, as'-pe-rate. 91. v. a. To pro- nounce with full breath. LigMfoot. To A'SPIRATE, as'-pe-rate. v. n. To be pronounced with full breath. Dryden. A'SPIRATE, as'-pe-rate. 91, 394, n, s. Pronounced with full breath. Holder. A'SPIRATE*, as'-pe-rate. n. s. The mark to denote an aspirated pronunciation. Bentley. ASPIRATION, as-pe-ra'-shun. n. s. A breathing after ; an ardent wish. Watts. The act of aspir- ing. Sliak. The pronunciation of a vowel with full breath. Holder. To ASPFRE§, as-plre'. v. n. [aspiro, Lat.] To de- sire with eagerness. Sidney. To rise; to tower. Shakspeare. To ASPIRE*, as-plre'. v. a. To aspire to. Donne. ASPFREMENT* as-plre'-ment. n. s. The act of aspiring. Brewer. ASPFRER, as-plre'-ur. n. s. One that ambitiously strives to be greater. Milton. ASPFRING*, as-plre'-lng. n. s. The desire of some- thing great. Hammond. Points ; stops. Sir T. Herbert. ASPORTATION, as-p6r-ta'-shun. n. s. [asportatio Lat.] A carrying away. Blackstone. ASQJJTNT, a-skwfot'. ad. [schuin, Dutch.] Oblique- ly. Swift. Not with regard or due notice. Fox. ASS, as. n. s. [a^ya, Sax.] An animal of burden. Sliak. A stupid, heavy, dull fellow. Shakspeare. ToASSA'ILS, as-sale'. v. a. [assailler, Fr.] To at- tack in a hostile manner. Spenser. To attack with argument. Sliatspeare. ASSAILABLE, as-sa'-la-bl. 405. a. That which may be attacked. Shakspeare. ASSAILANT, as-sa'-lant. n. s. He that attacks, Hayward. ASSAILANT, as-sa'-lant. a. Attacking. Milton. ASSATLER, as-sa'-l&r. 98. n. s. One who attacks. Sidney. ASSATLMENT*, as-saie'-ment. n. s. Attack. John- son. ASS AP A! NICK, as-sa-pan'-nlk. n. s. A little ani- mal of Virginia, which is called in English the fly- ing squirrel. Trevoux. ASSART, as-sart'. n. s. [essart, Fr.] An offence committed in the forest, by plucking up woods by the roots. Cowel. To ASSATtT, as-sart'. v. a. To commit an assart ; to grub up. Ashmole. ASSA'SSIN§,as-sas'-sln. )n. s. [assassin, ASSA'SSINATE, as-sas'-se-nate. $ Fr.] A mur- derer ; one that kills by treachery, or sudden vio- lence. Wotton. To ASSA'SSIN*, as-sas'-sin. v. a. To murder. Stil- lingfleet. ASSA'SSINACY*, as-sas'-se-na-se. n. s. The act of assassinating. Hammond. ASSA'SSINATE, as-sas'-se-nate. n. s. Murder. B. Jonson. A murderer. To ASSA'SSINATE, as-sas'-se-nate. 91. i\ a. To murder. Dryden. To way-lay. Milton. To ASSA'SSINATE*, as-sas'-se-nate. v. n. To murder. Sandys. ASSASSIN A'TION, as-sas-se-na'-shun. n. s. The act of assassinating. Shakspeare. ASSA'SSFNATOR, as-sas'-se-na-t&r. n. s. Mar derer. ASSA'SSINOUS*, as-sas'-e-nus. a. Murderous. Cockeram. ASSA'TION,as-sa/-shun. ». s. [cessation, Fr.] Roast- ing. Brcnone. ASSA'ULT 6, as-salt', n.s. [assault, Fr.] Attack. Shak. Storm : opposed to sap or siege. 2 Mace. v. Hostile violence. Spenser. Invasion. Clarendon. Injury offered to a man's person. Cowel. To ASSA'ULT, as-salt', v. a. To attack ; to fall upon with violence. Esth. viii. ASSA'ULT ABLE*, as-salt'-a-bl. a. Capable of as- sault. Sir Roger Williams. ASSAULTER, as-salt'-ur. n.s. One who violently assaults another. Sidney. ASSA'Y§, as-sa'. n. s. [essaye, Fr.} Examination; trial. Shak, The examination of measures and weights by the clerk of the market. The first en- trance upon any thing. Spenser. Trial by danger or distress. Spenser. Value. Spenser. To ASSA'Y, as-sa'. v. a. To make trial of. Spenser. To apply to, as the touchstone in assaying metals. Milton.. To try; to endeavour. 1 Sam. xvii. To ASSA'Y*, as-sa.'. v. n. To try ; to endeavour. ASSA^YER, as-sa'-ur. 98. n. s. An officer of the mint, for the due trial of silver. Cowel. ASSECTA'TION, as-s&k-ta'-shun. n. s. [assectatio, Lat.] Attendance, or waiting upon. Diet. To ASSECU'RE§*, as-se-kure'. v. a. [assecuro, low Lat.] To make one sure or certain. Bullokar. ASSECU'RANCE*, as-se-ku'-ranse. n. s. Assurance. Sheldon. ASSECURA'TION*, as-se-ku-ra'-shun. n. s. As- surance free from doubt. Bishop Hall. ASSECU'TION, as-se-ku'-shun. n. s. [assequor, asse cutum, Lat.] Acquirement. Ayliffe. ASSE'MBLAGE, as-sem'-bladje.90. n.s. [assemblage, Fr.] A collection of individuals. Locke. The state of being assembled. Thomson. ASSE'MBLANCE*, as-sem'-blanse. n. s. [assem- blame, Fr.] Representation. Shak. Assembling. Spenser. To ASSE'MBLE§, as-sem'-bl. 405. v. a. [assembler, Fr,] To bring together. Isaiah, xi. To ASSE'MBLE, as-sem'-bl. v. n. To meet together. Daniel, vi. ASSE'MBLER*, as-sem'-blur. n. s. He who assem- bles or meets others. Hammond. ASSEMBLING* as-sem'-blmg. n. s. Meeting to- gether. Bp. Fleetwood. ASSE'MBLY, as-sem'-ble. n. s. [assembUe, Fr.] A company met together. Shak. An assemblage. Howell. The assembly of divines, by way of dis- tinction ; recorded in the history of this country. Bp.Hall. ■ , „, ASSE'MBLY-ROOM*, as-sem'-ble-room. n. s. The room in which visitors assemble. Johnson. ASSE'NT§, as-sent', n.s. [assensus, Lat.] The act of agreeingto any thing. Shak. Consent. Hooker. To ASSE'NT, as-sent', v. n. To concede, or agree to. Acts, xxiv. 108 ASS ASS — 116, move, n6r, n6t; — tiSbe, tub, bull; — 511;— pdund; — thin, this. ASSENTATION, as-sen-uV-shun. n. s. Compliance out of dissimulation. Lord Northampton. ASSENT A'TOR*, as-sen-uV-tur. n. s. A flatterer; a follower. Sir T. Eluot. Ob. T. ASSE NTER*, as-sent -ur. n. s. The person who consents. 8ir T. Herbert. ASSE NTINGLY*, as-sent' -ing-le. ad. Accordingly, or bv agreement. Huloet. ASSENTMENT, as-sent'-ment. n.s. Consent. Brown. To ASSERTS, as-sert'. v a. [ussero, Lat.] To maintain. Dryden. To affirm. Milton. To claim. Dry den. To rescue. Bp. Patrick. ASSE RTION. ds-seV-shun. n. s. The act of assert- in?. Position advanced. Browne. ASSERTIVE. as-ser'-tlV. 158. a. Positive; dog- matical. Glanvilie. ASSE'RTIVELY*, as-seV-tlv-le. ad. Affirmatively. Bp. Bedell. ASSE^RTOR. as-ser'-tur. 98. n.s. Maintainer; vindicator. Dnjden. ASSERTORY*, as'-ser-tur-e. a. Affirming; sup- porting. Bp. Hall. To ASSE RYE, as-serv'. v. a. [asservio, Lat.] To serve. Diet. To ASSE SSS.as-seV. v. a. [assesser, Fr.] To charge with any certain sum. ASSESS*, as-ses'. n. s. Assessment. Princely Pelican. ASSESSABLE*, as-seV-a-bl. a. That which may be assessed. ASSESSION, as-sesh'-un. n. s. A sitting down by one. Diet. ASSESSIONARY* as-sesh'-un-a-re. a. Pertaining to assessors. Carew. ASSESSMENT, as-ses'-ment. n. s. The sum levied on property. Bp. Hall. The act of assessing. Howell. ASSESSOR, as-ses 7 -sur. 98. n. s. [assessor, Lat.] The person that sits by another. Dnjden. He that sits by another as next in dignity. Milton. He that lays taxes. Raleigh. ASSETS, as' -sets. n. s. [assez, Fr.] Goods sufficient to discharge a debt. Cowel, To ASSE' VER§, as-sev'-er. 98. ) To ASSEVERATE, as-seV-e-rate. 91, 555. \ v ' a ' [assevero, Lat.] To affirm with great solemnity. Fotherbv. ASSEVERATION, as-sev-e-ra'-shtm. n. s. Solemn affirmation. Hooker. ASSHEAD, as'-h^d. n. s. [ass and head.] One slow of apprehension ; a blockhead. Bale. ASSFDUATE* as-sid'-ju-ate. a. Daily. K. Charles I. ASSIDUITY, as-se-du'-e-te. n. s. Diligence; close- ness of application. Addison. ASSI'DUOUSS, as-sid'-ju-us. 294, 376. a. [assidmui, Lat.] Constant in application. Milton. ASSFDUOUSLY, as-s?d'-ju-us-le. ad. Diligently. Boyle. ASSFDUOUSNESS*, as-sM'-ju-us-nes. n.s. Dili- gence. To ASSIE'GE, as-seeje'. v. a. [assieger, Fr.] To besiege. Diet. ASSIE'NTO, as-se-eV-to. n. s. [Span.] A contract between the king of Spain and other powers, for furnishing the Spanish dominions in America with negro slaves. Burke. To ASSPGN §. as-sW. v. a. [assigno, Lat.] To mark out. 2 Sam. xi. To appropriate. 2 Maccab. iv. To fix the quantity or value. Locke. [In law.] To appoint a deputy, or make over a right to another. Coicel. ASSPGN*, as-slne'. n. s. The person to whom any property is assigned. Warton. ASSPGNABLE, as-slne'-a-bl. a. That which may be marked out. South. ASSIGNAT*, as'-sfg-nat. n. s. [Fr.] The paper money of France after its Revolution. Burke. ASSIGNATION, as-s?g-na'-shun. n. s. An appoint- ment to meet ; used generally of love appointments. Spectator. A making over a thing to another. Sir E. Sarulys. Designation. Pearson. ASSIGNEE', as-se-ne'. n. s. He that is appointed by another to do any act. Cowel. ASSFGNER, as-sl'-nur. 98. n. s. He that appoints. Decau of Piety. ASSI'GNMENT, as-slne'-ment. n. s. Appropriation of any thing to another thing or person. Hooker. Designation. Mountagu. ASSIMILABLE, as-shn'-e-la-bl.a. That which may be converted to the same nature with something else. Brown. To ASSPMILATE$,as-slm'-e-]ate.91. v.n. [assimi- lo, Lat.] To convert food to nourishment. Bacon. To ASSFM1LATE, as-sim'-e-late. 91. v. a. To bring to a likeness. Swift. To turn to its own na ture bv digestion. Milton. ASSFMILATENESS, as-sim'-me-late-nes. n. s. Likeness. Diet. ASSIMILATION, as-sim-me-la'-shun. n. s. The act of converting any thing to the nature of another. Bacon. The state of being assimilated. Brown. ASSFMILATrVE*, as-smr-me-la-tlv. a. Having the power of turning to its own nature by digestion. Hakewill. To ASSFMULATE§, as-sW-u-late. v. a. [assimulo, Lat.] To feign. Did. ASSIMULATION, as-sim-u-la'-shun. n. s. A coun- terfeiting. Diet. ASSINE'GO*. as-se-ne'-gc-. n. s. [Portuguese.] An ass. Sir T. Herbert. To ASSl'ST$,as-slst'. v. a. [assisto, Lat.] To help Romans, xvi. To ASSIST*, as-sist'. v. n. To help. Nelson. ASSISTANCE, as-sy-tanse.rt.s.Help. Stillinsjled. ASSISTANT, as-sis'-tant. a. Helping. Hale.^ ASSISTANT, as-sls'-tant. n. s. An auxiliary. Ba- ; con. Attendant. Dry den. ! ASSPSTER*, as-slst'-ur. n. s. A helper. Ash. ! ASSFSTLESS*,as-s&t'-les. a. Wanting help. Pope. \ ASSPZE §, as-slze'. n. s. [assise, Fr.] An assembly I of knights and others, with the bailiff or justice. A I jury. An ordinance or statute. Blackstone. The j court, place, or time, where and when the writs of assize are taken. Coicel. Any court of justice. Dnjden. Assize of bread, ale, &c. Measure of price or rate. Measure. Spenser. To ASSPZE. as-slze'. r. a. To fix the rate. Gower. ASSPZER, or ASSISER, as-sl'-zur. n. s. An offi- cer that has the care of weights and measures. Chambers. ASSLIKE*, as'-llke. «. Resembling an ass. Sidney. To ASSO'BER*, as-s6'-bur. v. a. To keep sober. Gower. Ob. T. ASSO'CIABLE, as-s6'-she-a-bl. a. Sociable 5 com- panionable. To ASSO'CIATE§, as-siV-she-ate. 91. v. a. [asso- cio, Lat.] To unite with another. Sluzk. To adopt as a friend. Dryden. To accompany. Shak. To unite. Sir E. Sandys. ASSOCIATE, as-s ought to be aspirated in all or none. — See Principles, 451, 478, 479. TV. To be arrogant. [assumentum, Lat.] An arrogant man. To ASSU'ME§, as-sume'. r, Bui~net. ASSU'MENT* as-siV-ment. n A patch or piece set on. Lewis. ASSU'MER, as-siV-mur. 9$. n. s. South. ASST7MING, as-su'-mmg. part. a. Arrogant. Dryd. ASSUMING*, as-sa'-m?ng. n. s. Presumption. B. Jonson. ASSUMPSIT, as-sum'-sft. n. s. A voluntary promise made by word, whereby a man taketh upon him to perform or pay any thing to another. Coivel. To ASSU'MPT*, as-sumpt'. v. a. To take up from below unto a high place. Sheldon. Ob. T. ASSU'MPT*, as-sumpt'. n. s. That which is assumed. Chilh'nsrirorth. ASSUMPTION, as-sam'-shfiu. n. s. Taking any thing to one's self. Hammond. The supposition. Norris. The thing supposed. Dryden. South. The taking up any person into heaven, which is supposed by the Romish church of the Blessed Vir- gin. Slillingjleet. Simply, the act of taking. How- ell. Adoption. Warton. ASSU'MPTIVE, as-scW-t?v. 157. a. That is as- sumed. ASSU'RANCE, ash-shn-'ranse. n. s. Certain expec- tation. South. Secure confidence. Spenser. Free- dom from doubt. Hooker. Firmness. Rogers. Confidence; want of modesty. Sidney. Freedom from vicious shame. Locke. Ground of confidence. Sidney. Spirit; intrepidity. Knolles. Sanguine- ness. Hammond. Testimony of credit. Shakspeare. Conviction. Tillotson. [In theology.] Security with respect to a future state. The same with insurance. Security to make good the loss. Slmkspearc. To ASSURES, ash-shure'.455. v. a. [asseurer, Fr.] To give confidence by promise. 2 Mace. To secure to another. Rogers. To make confident. Uohn, iii. To make secure. Spenser. To affiance ; to betroth. Shakspeare. ASSU'RED, ash-shiV-red, or ash-shurd'. 359. par*, a. Certain; indubitable. Bacon. Certain ; not doubt- ing. Shakspeare. Viciously confident. ASSU'REDLY, ash-shu'-rSd-le. 364. ad. Certainly. Shakspeare. ASSUREDNESS, ash-shu'-ied-nes. 365. n. s. Cer- tainty. Hakewill. ASSURER, ash-shu'-rfir. n. s. He that gives assu- rance. He thdt gives security. To ASSWAGE §. See To Assuage. ASTERISK, aV-te-rlsk. n.s. [doripfoicos, Gr.] A mark in printing, in form of a little star; as *. Grew A'STERISM, as'-te-rLm. n. s. [aarioKrytoi.'] A con- stellation. Bentley. An asterisk, or mark. Dryden. ASTERFTES*, as-ter-l'-tez. n. s. A starry stone. ASTE'RN, a-slern'. ad. In the hinder part of the ship. Dryden. To ASTE'RT, a-stert'. v. a. To terrify; to startle. Spenser. A'STHMA§, ast'-ma. 471. n. s. [dVfljwa.] A frequent difficult, and short respiration, joined with a hissing sound and a cough. Quincy. ASTHMATIC AL, ast-mat'-e-kal. }a. Troubled ASTHMA'TICK, ast-mat'-fk. 509. $ with an asth- ma. Boyle. ASTHxMATICK*, ast-mdt'-ik. 509. n.s. One troub- led with an asthma. Arbuthnot. ASTHE'NICK*, as-r/ien'-ik. a. [a and cOivos, Gr.] Feeble ; without power. ASTHENO'LOGY*, as-*/ie-n&l'-6-je. n. s. A de- scription of weakness. ToASTFPULATE^*, as-tlp'-u-late. v.n. [astipu- lor, Lat.] To agree. Diet. ASTIPULATION*, as-tip'-u-la'shfln. n.s. Agree- ment. Bp. Hall. To ASTO'NE $*, as-t6ne'. ) v. a. [rtuman, Sax.] ToASTO'NY* as-ton'-e. < To terrify. Chaucer. ASTO'NIEDNESS*, as-ton'-e-ed-n&.n.s.The state of being astonished. Barret. Ob. T. To ASTONISH?, as-t&n'-n?sh. v. a. [estonner, Fr.] To amaze ; to surprise. Shakspeare. ASTONISHINGLY* as-ton'-lsh-ing-le. ad. In a surprising manner. Bp. Fleetwood. ASTONISHINGNESS, as-t6n'-n?sh-ing-ne"s. n. s. Of a nature to excite astonishment. ' ASTONISHMENT, as-t&n'-?sh-ment. n. s. Amaze- ment. Sidney. Cause of astonishment. Bacon. To ASTOUND, as-tSfind'. v.a. To astonish. Milton. To ASTOUND*, as-t6und'.i\n.To shake ; to stun. Thomson.. ASTRADDLE, a-strad'-dl.405.atf\ With one's legs across any thing. Diet. A'STRAGAL, as'-tra-gal. 503. n.s. [atrrpayaXoy.] A little round ringer bracelet, serving as an ornament at the tops and bottoms of columns. Builder's Diet. ASTRAL, as'-tra*. a. Starrv. Dryden. ASTRA'Y, a-stra'. ad. (jfcpse£an,Sax.] Out of the right way. Spenser. To ASTRl'CT$*, as-trlkt'. v.a. [astringo, Lat.] To contract by applications. Arbuthnot. ASTRFCT, as-trlkt'. a. [astrictus, Lat.] Compendi- ous. Weever. ASTRFCTION, as-tr?k'-shun. n. s. Contracting the parts of the body by applications. Bacon. ASTRFCTIVE, as-trlk'-uv. 158. a. Stiptick. Diet. ASTRFCTORY, as-trlk'-tar-re. a. Astringent. Diet. ASTRFDE, a-strlde'. ad. With the legs open. Hu- dibros. ASTRFFEROUS, as-trff'-e-rus. a. [astrifer, Lat.] Bearing stars. Diet. ASTRFGEROUS, as-trldj'-e-rfis. a. [astriger, Lat.] Carrying stars. Diet. To ASTRFNGE$, as-trinje'. v. a. [astringo, Lat.] To press by contraction. Bacon. ASTRFNGENCY, as-trm'-jen-se. n. s. The powet of contracting the parts of the body. Bacon. ASTRFNGENT, as-trm'-jent. a. Binding; c#n tracting. Quincy. ASTRFNGENT*, as-trm'-jent. n. s. An astringent medicine. Bacon. A'STROGRAPHY, as-tr&g'-ra-fe. 518. n. s. [o\ot 9 ov and ypa^a).] The science of describing the stars. Diet. A'STROITE*, as-tr61t'. n.s. [astroiie, Fr.] A stone. sparkling like a star. Warton. ASTROLABE, aY-tro-labe. n. s. [astrolabe, Fr.] An instrument chiefly used for taking the altitude of the pole, the sun, or stars, at sea. Dryden. A stereographick projection of the circles of the sphere upon the plane of some great circle. Cliambers. 110 AT ATM — n6, m6ve, ndr, ndt ;— tube, tub, bull ; — dll ;— pdund ;— th\n, this. ASTROLOGER, as-trol'-i-jur. n.s. [astrologvs, Lat.] One that professes to foretell events by the stars. Wotton. Anciently one that understood the motions of the planets, without including prediction. Raleigh. ASTROLO'GIAN, as-tr6-l6 / -je-an. n. s. The same with an astrologer. Camden. ASTROLOGICAL, as-tr6-l5d'-ie-kal. 509. ) ' ASTROLOGICK, as-tro-ldd'-jik. \ a - Professing- astrology. Wotton. Relating to astrol- ogy. Stilling fleet. ASTROLOGlCALLY, as-tro-tfd'-je-kal-le. ad. In an astrological manner. Burton. To ASTRO LOGIZE, as-trol'-o-jlze. v. n. To prac- 1 tise astrology. ASTROLOGY}, as-troF-6-je. n.s. [astrologia, Lat.] The practice of foretelling things by the knowledge of the stars. Swift. ASTRONOMER, as-tr6n'-n6-mur. n. s. One that studies the celestial motions. Bacon. ASTRONOMICAL, as-lro-n&m'-e-kal. 509. ) „ ASTRONOMICK, as-tr6-ndm'-ik. \ a ' Belonging to astronomy. Brown. ASTRONOMICALLY, as-trc-nom'-e-kal-le. ad. In an astronomical manner. Bp. Hall. To ASTRO NOMIZE* as-tr6n / -n6-mlze. v. n. To study astronomy. Brown. ASTRONOMY $, as-tron'-no-me. 518. n. s. [acrpov- ofi/aj The science of the celestial bodies. Chamb. A STROSCOPY, as'-tros-ki-pe. n. s. [aorfip and oTcoiTfcj.] Observation of the stars. Did. A'STRO-THEOLOGY, as'-trA-*/ie-dl'-6-jk n. s. Di- vinity founded on the observation of the celestial bodies. Derham. ASTRU'T*, a-strut'. ad. In a swelling manner. To ASTU'N* a-stfin'. v. a. (jtunian, Sax.] To stun. Mirror for Magistrates. ASTU'TE*, as-tute'. a. [astutus, Lat.] Cunning; penetrating. Sir M. Sandys. ASU'NDER, a-s&n'-dfir.98. ad. [sundr, Goth.] Apart ; separately. Spenser. ASWOON*, a-swodn'. ad. [afpunan, Sax.] In a swoon. Gower. ASY'LUM. a-sl'-lum. n. s. [Lat.] A sanctuary ; a refuge. Ayliffe. fyCr Nothing can show more plainly the tendency of our language to an antepenultimate accent than the vulgar pronunciation of this word, which generally places the accent on the first syllable. This is however an unpar- donable offence to a Latin ear, which insists on pre- serving the accent of the original, whenever we adopt a Latin word into our own language without alteration. —See Principles, No. 503. TV. ASY'MMETRAL*. as-slm'-me-tral. ) ASYMMETRICAL* as-sim-meV-re-kal. \ °" Not agreeing. More. ASYMMETRY §, a-sW-me-tre. n.s. [a and avyt- jxiTpia.] Contrariety to symmetry ; disproportion. Grew. A'SYMPTOTE, as'-slm-tite. n.s. [a, cvv, and tttow.] Asymptotes are right lines, which approach nearer and nearer to some curve ; but which never meet. Chambers. JJ5= I have preferred Dr. Johnson's accentuation on the first syllable, to Mr. Sheridan's and Dr. Ash's on the second. W. ASYNDETON, a-sni'-de-t&n. n. s. [acvvScTov.] A figure in grammar, when a conjunction copulative is omitted in a sentence. Peacham. AT, at. prep, [at, Goth.] At before a place notes the nearness of the place ; as, a man is at the house before he is in it. StiUingJUet. At before a word signifying time notes the co-existence of the time with the event 5 as, at a minute. Hooker. At before a causal word signifies nearly the sameaswtl/i; as, he did it at a touch. ShaA. At before a superlative adjective implies in the state ; as, at best. South. At signifies the particular condition of the person; as, at peace. Shale. At before a substantive some- times marks employment ; as, busy at his task. South. At is sometimes the same with furnislied with; as, at arms. Shah. At sometimes notes the t. Atheistical ; denying God. place where any thing is: He lives at Barnet. Sluik. At sometimes signifies in immediate conse- quence of: He swooned at the sight. Hale. At marks sometimes the effect proceeding from an act : He eat at his own cost. Dryden. At sometimes is nearly the same as in ; as, he was at the bottom. Swift. At sometimes marks the occasion, like on ; as, at this he turn'd. Dryden. At sometimes seems to signify in the power of, or obedient to. Dryden. At sometimes notes the relation of a man to an action. Collier. At sometimes imports the manner of an action. Dryden. At means sometimes ap- plication to, or dependence on. Pope. At all. In any manner. Pope. A'TABAL, at'-a-bal. n.s. A kind of tabour used by the Moors. Dryden. ATARA>XIA,ki-&-Aks'-h-L )n. s. [arapa^ta.] ATARAXY, at'-ta-rak-se. 517. $ Tranquillity. Glanville. A'TAXY*, at'-aks-e. n. s. [dra£a, Gr.] Disturbance ; confusion. Hallywell. ATE. The preterite of eat. Spenser. ATE'LLAN* a-tel'-Ian. n. s. [atellanes, old Fr/j Dramatick representation, satirical or licentious. Burton. ATE LLAN*, a-telMan. a. Relating to the dramas at Atella. Shaftesbury. ATHANA'SI AN*, a-i^e-na'-she-an. n. s. He who es- poused the doctrine of Athanasius. Waterland. ATHANA'SIAN* a-i/ze-na'-she-an. a. Relating to the Creed of St. Athanasius. Waterland. ATHA'NOR, atfi'-a-n6r. 166. n. s. A digesting fur- nace, to keep heat for some time. Quincy. A'THEISM, a'-Z/ie-lzm. 505. n. s. The disbelief of a God. Bacon. ATHEISTS, a'-^e-ist. n.s. [Mcos, Gr.] One that denies the existence of God. So ATHEIST, a'-tfie-ist. Milton. ATHEFSTICAL, a-tfie-Js'-te-kal. a. Given to athe- ism. South. ATHEFSTICALLY, a-tfte-ls'-te-kal-le. ad. In an atheistical manner. South. ATHEFSTICALNESS, a-tfie-V-te-kal-nes. n. s. The quality of being atheistical. Hammond. ATHEFSTICK, a-^e-fs'-tfk.a. Given to atheism. Ray. To A'THEIZE*, a'-tfie-Ize. v. n. To talk like an unbeliever. Cudworth. A'THEL, ATHELING, ADEL, and ./ETHEL, from adel. Germ, noble. Gibson. ATHEOLOGIAN*, atfi-e-o-li'-je-an. n. s. One who is the opposite to a theologian. Hayward. A'THEOUS, a'-tfie-fls. 505. a. Atheistick ; godless. Milton. ATHEROMA, atfi-e-ro'-ma. 527. n. s. [Mipuiiia.] A species of wen. Sharp. ATHEROMATOUS, atfi-e-rcW-a-tfis. a. Having the qualities of an atheroma. Wiseman. ATHFRST, a-tftursl'. 108. ad. Thirsty. Ruth, ii. ATHLETES* foh'lhe. n. s. [aO\r,T VS> Gr.] Aeon- tender for victory. Delany. ATHLETICK, kh-\h'-lk. 500. a. Belonging to wrestling. Sir T. Browne. Strong of body . South. ATHWATtT, a-tfiwart'. prep. Across. Bacon. Through. Addison. ATH WA'RT, a-//iwart / . ad. In a manner vexatious and perplexing. Sliak. Wrong. Sluikspeare. ATFLT, a-tilt'. ad. In the manner of a tilter. Shah. The posture of a barrel raised or tilted behind. Spectator. ATLANTE'AN*, at-lan-te'-an. a. [atlanleus, Lat.] Resembling Atlas. Milton. ATLA'NTICK*, at-lan'-tlk. ' a. That part of the ocean, which lies between Europe and Africa on the one side, and America on the other. B. Jonson. ATLAS, at'-las. n. s. A collection of maps. A large square folio. Sometimes the supporters of a build- ing. A rich kind of silk or stuff. Sped. A term applied to naper ; atlas-dae, and atlas-ordinary. ATMOSPHERE §, at'-mus-fere. n. s. [arfios and ctiaioa.'] The air. Locke. ¥ ^ 111 ATT ATT (CT 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat;— me, met;— pine, pfn- ATMOSPHE'RICAL, at-mus-feV-e-kal. a. Consist- ing of the atmosphere. Boyle. A'TOM$, at'-tum. 166. n. s. [&tojios.J Such a small particle as cannot be physically divided. Quincy. Any thing extremely small. Shakspeare. ATO'MICAL. a-t6n/-e-kal. a. Consisting of atoms. Browne. Relating to atoms. Bentley. A'TOMISM*, at'-tum-izm. n.s. The doctrine of atoms. A'TOMIST, at'-t6-m?st. n.s. One that holds the aiomical philosophy, or doctrine of atoms. Locke. A'TOMLIKE*, aZ-tum-llke. a. Resembling atoms. Browne. A'TOMY, at'-to-me. n. s. An obsolete word for atom. Shak. An abbreviation of anatomy : mean- ing a meager person. Sliakspeare. To ATONE $, a-t.a. [attenter, Fr.] To attack. Shak. To try. 1 Mace. xii. To tempt. Spenser. To ATTE'MPT, at-temt'. v.n. To make an attack. Glanville. ATTEMPT, at-temt'. 412. n. s. An attack. Bacon. An essay. Sliakspeare. ATTEMPT ABLE, at-temt'-ta-bl. a. Liable to at- tempts. Sliakspeare. ATTE'MPTER, at-temt'-tur. n.s. An invader. Mil- ion. An endeavour. Glanville. To ATTEND $, at-t£nd'. v. a. [attendo, Lat.] To re- gard. Sidney. To wait on. Shak. To accompa- ny as an enemy. Clarendon. To be present with, upon a summons. To accompany. Shak. To ex- pect. Raleigh. To wait on. Spenser. To be con- sequent to. Clarendon. To remain to; to await. Locke. To wait for insidiously. Shale. To be bent upon. Dryden. To stay for. Shakspeare. To mind. 2. Maccab. xi. To ATTEND, at-tend'. v.n. To yield attention. Milton. To stay. Davies. To wait ; to be within reach or call. Spenser. To wait, as compelled by authority. Clarendon. ATTENDANCE, at-ten'-danse. n. s. The act of waiting on. Shak. Service. Shak. The persons waiting; a train. Milton. Attention. 1 Tim. iv. Expectation. Hooker. ATTENDANT, at-ten'-dant. a. Accompanying as subordinate. Milton. ATTENDANT, at-ten'-dant. n. s. One that attends. Shak. One of the train. Dryden. Suitor or agent. Burnet. One that is present. Swift. [In law.] One that oweth a duty to another. Cowel. A con- comitant or consequent. Milton. ATTENDER, at-ten'-d&r. 98. n. s. Companion. B. Jonson. ATTENT,at-tent'. a. Intent; attentive. 2 Chron. vii. ATTENTATES, at-ten'-tates. n. s. Proceedings in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. At/life. ATTENTION, at-ten'-shun. n. s. The act of attend- i ing or heeding. Shakspeare. ATTENTP7E, at-ten'-tiv. 158. a. Heedful ; regard- ful. Hooker. ATTENTIVELY, at-ten'-tfv-le. ad. Heedfully. Bacon. ATTENTIVENESS, at-ten'-tlv-nes. n. s. Attention. Knigld. ATTENUANT, at-ten'-u-ant. a. A diluting power. To ATTENUATES, at-ten'-u-ate. v.a.\aitenuo, Lat.] To make thin. Boyle. To lessen. Howell. ATTENUATE, at-ten'-u-ate. 91. a. Made thin. Bacon. ATTENUATION, at-ten-iVa'-shfin. n. s. Lessening. Bacon. The state of being made thin. Donne. A'TTER, at'-t&r. 98. n.s. [atep, Sax.] Corrupt mat- ter. Skinner. 112 ATT AlTD -116, move, nor, n6t ; — u'lhc, uib, bull; — oil ; — pdund ; — tlim, THis. To ATTE'ST$,at-test'. v. a. [attestor. Lat.l To bear witness. Addison. To call to witness. Dn/dcn. ATTE'ST. It-test', n. .?»&r. 98,418. n.s. [auctor. Lat.] The first beginner or mover. Honker. The etlicient. Shakspeare. The first writer of any thing-. Dryden. A writer in general. Shakspeare. To AUTHOR*, k'-(/i6r. v. a. To occasion ; to etl'ect. Beaumont and Fletclier. A ITHORESS*. aw'-tft&r-es. n.s. A female effi- cient; a female author. Sir R. Fanshawe. AUTHORITATIVE, aw-rtor'-e-ta-tiv. a. Having | due authority. Pearson. Having an air of au- thoritv. Wottm. AUTHORITATIVELY, aw-tf^r'-e-ta-uVle. ad. In an authoritative manner. Leslie. With due au- thoritv. Kilt. AUTHO'RITATIVENESS, aw-//t&r'-e-ta-uv-nes. n. 5. An acting by authority. Diet. AUTHORITY, aw-tfidr'-e-te. n.s. [auctoritas, Lat J Legal power. Shakspeare. Influence. Temple. Pow- er; rule. Shakspeare. Support. B. Jonson. Testi- mony. Sidney. Credibility. Hooker. 5^p This word is sometimes pronounced as if written oit- toritii. This affected pronunciation is traced to a gen- tleman, who was one of the greatest ornaments of the law, as well as one of the politest scholars of the age, and whose authority has been sufficient to sway the bencli and the bar, though author, authentick, theatre, theory, &c. and a thousand similar words where the th is heard, are constantly staring them in the face. The publick ear, however, is not so far vitiated as to ac- knowledge this innovation; for, though it may, with se- curity, and even approbation, be pronounced in West- minster Hall, it would not be quite so safe for an actor to adopt it on the stage. I know it will he said, that autoritas is better Latin, that the purer Latin never had the h ; and that our word, which is derived from it, ought, on that account, to omit it. But it may be observed, that, according to the best Latin criticks, the word ought to be written auctoritas, and that, according to this reasoning, we ought to write and pronounce auctority and auctor : but this, I presume, is farther than these innovators would choose to go. The truth is, such singularities of pro- nunciation should be left to the lower order of criticks ; who, like coxcombs in dress, would be utterly unnoticed if they were not distinguished by petty deviations from the rest of the world. IV. AUTHORIZATION, aw-tfto-re-za'-shfin. n.s. Es- tablishment by authoritv. Hale. To AUTHORIZE. aw'-tf(6-rlze. v. a. To give au- thority. Sidney. To make legal. Dryden. To es- tablish by authority. Hooker. To justify. Locke. To give credit. Brown. A'UTHORLESS*, aw'-*fcur-les. a. Without author- itv. Sir E. Sackrille. AUTHORSHIP*, aw'-^ur-shtp. n. s. The quality of being an author. Shaftesbury. AUTOCRASY$, aw-tok'-ra-se. 518. n. s. [dvroKoa- Tcia.] Independent power. South. AUTOCRATICAL*, aw-to-krat'-e-kal. ) AUTOCRATO'RICAL* aw-to-kra-uV-e-kal. $ a - Absolutely supreme. Pearson. AUTOGRAPHS, aw'-to-graf. n.s. [autographe, Fr. .] The original hand-writing of a person. Warton. AUTOGRAPHAL*, aw-tdg'-ra-fal. a. Of the par- ticular hand-writing of a person. AUTOGR A'PHICAL, aw-to-graf-e-kal. a. Of one's own writing. AUTOGRAPHY*, aw-tog'-ra-fe. n. s. A person's own writing; in opposition to a copy. AUTOMATICAL, aw-t6-mai'-e-kal a. Belonging to an automaton. AUTOMATON, aw-tcm'-a-t6n. n.s. [avTdparov, Gr.] A machine that hath the power of motion with- in itself. Quincy. AUTO'MATOUS, aw-uW-a-tus. a. Having in itself the power of motion. Brown. AUTONOMY, aw-t6n'-n6-me. 518. n. s. [bvrovouia, Gr.] The living according to one's mind and pre- scription. Diet. AUTOPSY $, fcw'-idp-se. n.s. [Avro^la, Gr.] Ocu- lar demonstration. Quincy. AUTOPTICAL, aw-t&p'-te-kal. a. Perceived bj one's own eyes. AUTOPTICALLY, aw-t6p'-te-kal-le. ad. By means of one's own eyes. Brown. AUTOSCHED1ASTICAL*, aw'-t6s-ked-e-as'-te- kal. a. [avroi and a^cSiaartKos, Gr.] Hasty ; slight. Dean Martin. A'UTUMN§, aw'-tfim. 411. n.s. [autumnus, Lat.] The season of the year between summer and win- ter, popularly comprising August, September, and October. Shakspeare. AUTU'MNAL, aw-uW-nal. a. Belonging to autumn. Donne. AUTU'MNITY*, uw-tum'-ne-te. n.s. The season of autumn. Bp. Hall. AUXE'SLS, awg-ze' sis. 478, 520. n.s. [Lat.] An increasing; an exornation. Smith. AUXI'LIAR§, awg-z'il'-yar. 478. ) a.[catdnllum,Lat.] AUXI'LIARY, awg-zil'-ya-re. $ Assistant. Milton. AUXPLIARY Verb. A verb that helps to conjugate other verbs. AUXI'LIAR, awg-zll'-var. ) n. s. Helper ; con- A'UXFLIARY, awg-zil'-va-re. \ federate. South. AUXILIA'TION.awg-zll-e-a'-sh&n. n. s. Help. Diet. AUXI'LIATORY*. awg-zll'-e-a-tur-e. a. Assisting. Sir E. Sandys. To AVAIL §, a-vale'. v. a. [valoir, Fr.] To profit. Milton. To promote. Pope. To AVA'IL, a-vale 7 . v. n. To be of use. Dryden. AVA'IL, a-vale'. n. s. Profit. Spenser. AVAILABLE, a-va'-la-bl. a. Profitable. Atterbury. Powerful. Hooker. AVAILABLENESS, a-va'-la-bl -nes. n. s. Power of promoting the end for which it is used. Hale. Legal force. AVAILABLY, a-va'-la-ble. ad. Powerfully. Le- gallv; validly. AVA'ILMENT, a-vale'-ment. n. s. Usefulness. To AVA'LE§, a-vale'. v. a. \avakr, Fr.] To let fall ; to depress. Spenser. Ob. J. To AVA'LE, a-vale'. v. n. To sink. Spenser. AVA'NT. The front of an armv. Goicer. AVANT-COURIER*, a-vant'-k66-reer. n. s. [Fr.] One who is despatched before the rest to notify their approach. AVANT-GUARD, a-vant'-gard. n. s. [Fr.] The van ; the first body of an army. Hay ward. A' VARICES, av'-a-rls. 142. n.s. C«*««*«i Covetousness. Shakspeare. AVARI'CIOUS, av-a-rish'-fis. 292 Broome. AVARFCIOUSLY, av-a-rlsh'-us-le. ad. Covetously. Goldsmith. AVARI'CIOUSNESS,av-a-r]sh'-us-nes. n.s. Cov- elousness. A'VAROUS*, itv'-a-rus. a. Covetous. Gower. Ob. T. AVAST, ti-xn.si'.ad. Enough; stop : common among seamen. Gumberland. AVAU'NCEMENT* a-vanse'-ment. n. s. Advance- ment. Bale. To AVAU'NT §*, a-vant'. v. a. [avantare, ItaL] To boast. Abp. Cranmer. To AVAU'NT*, a-vant'. v. n. To come before ; to advance. Spenser. AVAU'NT*, a-vant'. ; } n s Boa-sa'-shun. n. s. Hatred; ab- horrence. South. AVE'RSE §, a-v£rse'. a. [aversus, Lat.] Malign ; not favourable. Dryden. Not pleased with. Prior. AVE'RSELY, a-verse'-le. ad. Unwillingly. Beau- mont and Fletcher. Backwardlv. Brown. AVE'RSENESS, a-vgrse'-ne\s. n.s. Unwillingness. Herbert. AVERSION, a-ver'-shun. n. s. Hatred ; dislike. Milton. The cause of aversion. Arbuthnot. Sim- ply, conversion or change. Bp. Morton. To AVE'RT§, a-vert'. r. a. [averto, Lat.] To turn aside. Shakspeare. To cause to dislike. Hooker. To put by. Hooker. To AVE'RT*, a-vert'. v. n. To turn away. Thom- son. AVE'RTER*, a-v&t'-fir. n. s. That which averts. Burton. AVIARY, a'-ve-ii-re. 50J. n. s. [avis, Lat.] A place enclosed to keep birds in. Wotton. AVI'DIOUSLY* a-vld'-e-us-le. ad. [avidus, Lat.] Eaperlv; greedily. Bale. Ob. T. WTDITY, a-v'fd'-e-te. n. s. Greediness. Fother- by. To AVI'LE'^a-vlle'. v. a. [aviler,Fv.] To depre- ciate. B. Jonson. To AVI'SE*, a-vize'. v.n, [airiser, Fr.] To consider. See To Avize. Spenser. Ob. T. AVFSE*, a- vise 7 . ) n. s. [am, Fr.] Advice; in- AVFSQ*, a-vl'-s6. ) telligence. B. Jonson. AVI'SEMENT*. a-vlze'-ment. n. s. [Fr.] Advise- ment. B. Jonson. Ob. T. ATITOUS, av'-e-tas. 503, 314. a. [aviius, Lat.] Ancient. Diet. To AVFZE, a-vlze'. «. a. To counsel. Spenser. To bethink himself. Spenser. To consider. Spenser. Ob. J. A VOCA'DO. av-6-ka/-d6. [See Lumbago.] n. s. \ [Span.] The name of a tree in the Spanish West Indies. Miller. To A'VOCATE$, av'-vd-kate. 91. v. a. [avoco, Lat.] To call off. Lord Herbert. AVOCA'TION, av-v6-ka'-shun. n. s. The act of calling aside. Glanville. The business that calls. Hale. A VOCATIVE* av-vok'-ka-tlv. n. s. That which calls off from; dehortation ; dissuasion. To AVOID §, a-v6id'. 299. v. a. [vuider, Fr.] To shun. Tillotson. To escape. To endeavour to shun. Sluik. To evacuate. Shak. To emit. Brown. To oppose. Bacon. To vacate ; to au nul. Spenser. To AVO'ID§.a-vdld'. v. n. To retire. 1 Sara. To become void. Ayliffe. AVOIDABLE, a-v51d'-a-bl. a. That which may be avoided. Boyle. Liable to be vacated. Judgt Hale. AVOIDANCE, a-vSfd'-anse. n. s. The act of avoid- ing. Bp. Hail. The course by which any thing is carried off. Bacon. The act of becoming vacant. Burn. The act of annulling. AVOIDER, a-v6ld'-er. 98. n. s. The person that avoids or carries any thing away. Beaum. and FY. AVOIDLESS, a-vdidMes. a. Inevitable. Druden. AVOIRDUPOIS, av-eY-du- P 6iz'. 302. n. s. [avoir du poids, Fr] A kind of weight, of which a pound contains sixteen ounces, and is in proportion to a pound Trov. as seventeen to fourteen. Chambers. To AVO'KE* a-voke'. v. a. [avoco, Lat.] To cali back. Ccckeram. Ob. T. AVOLA'TION, av-o-la'-shun. n.s. [avolo, Lat.] Flight ; escape. Glanville. ToAVOTJCHS.a-voutsh'. v. a. [avouer, Fr.] To affirm. Hooker. To produce in favour of. Spenser. To vindicate. Shakspeare. AVO'UCH, a-v6utsh'. 313. n.s. Declaration; testi- mony. Shakspeare. AVOUCHABLE, a-v6utsh/-a-bl. a. What may be avouched. Sherwood. A VOUCHER, a-vofitsh'-er. n.s. He that avouches. AVO'UCHMENT*, a-v6utsh'-ment. n.s. Declara tion. Shakspeare. To AVOW §, a-v6u'. v. a. [avorter, Fr.] To declare with confidence. Spenser. AVOW*. a-v6u'. n.s. Determination; vow. Gower. Ob. T. AVOW ABLE, a-v6u'-a-bl. a. That which may be openly declared. Donne. AVO'WAL, a-v6u'-al. n. s. Open declaration. Hume. AVOWEDLY, a-vSu'-gd-le. 364. ad. In an open manner. Clarendon. AVOWE'E, av-du-e'. n. s. He to whom the right of advowsonofany church belongs. Diet. AVOWER, a-vfift'-fir. 98. n. s. He that avows or justifies. Drydeii. AVO'WRY, a-voiV-re. n. s. In law, is where one takes a distress for rent, and the other sues replevin. Chambers. AVO / \VSAL,a-vou / -zal.442.n.s. A confession. Did. AVOWTRY, a-voiV-tre. n. s. See Advowtry. AVU'LSED*. a-vulst'. part. a. [avulsus, Lat.] Pluck ed away. Shenstone. AVU'LSfON, a-vul'-shun. n. s. The act of pulling from. Philips. To AW ATT §, a-wate'. v. a. To expect. Fairfax To attend. Milton. AW ATT, a-wate'. n. s. Ambush. Spenser. To AWA'KE $, a-wake'. v. a. [apacian, Sax.] To rouse out of sleep. Shakspeare. To raise from any state resembling sleep. Dryden. To put into new action. Spenser. To AWA'KE, a-wake ; . v. n. To break from sleep. Sluifopeure. AWA'KE, a-wake'. a. Not being asleep. Bacon. To AWA'KEN, a-wa'-kn. 103. v. a. and v.n. The same with awake. Hickes, AWA'KENER*, a-wa'-kn- ur. n. s. That which awakens. Stillingjleet. AWA'KENING*, a-wa'-loi-ing. n. $. Th« act of awaking. Bp. Berkeley. 116 A\VN AZY — n6 ; move,. nor, ndt ;— tube, tab, bull ;— oil ;— pflflnd ;—th\a, this. 5Tfl AWARDS, a-ward'. v. a. [awarder , old FY.] To adj udge . Sli a kspeare . To AWARD, a-ward'. v.ji. To judge. Pope. AW A RD, a-ward 7 . n. 5. Judgement} determination. Drtfden. AW A RDER*, a-ward -dr. n. s. A judge. Tlwmson. AWA RE$i ii-ware'. at/. Excited to caution. Sidney. To AWARE, a-ware'. v.?i. To beware. Par. Lost. To AWA'RN*, a-warn'. v. a. To caution. Sjjenscr. AWA'Y$, a-wa'. ad. [ape£, Sax.] In a stale of absence. B. Jonsoii. From any place or person. Shakspeare. Let us go. Shakspeare. Begone. Sluikspeare. Out of one's own hands. Tillotson. On the way. Endure. Sliakspeare. Away with. Throw away. Sfc Luke. AWA YWARD*. a-wa -ward. arf. [ape^ peajib, Sax.] Turned aside. Goner. AWE }, aw. 72.^. [e£e, o£a, Sax.] Reverential fear. Spenser. To AWE. aw. v. a. To strike with reverence, or fear. Bacon. IWE'ARY* a-we'-re. a. Weary; tired. Shakspeare. AWE-BAND, aw-band. n.s. A check. Did. AWE-COMMANDING*, aw'-kom-maud'-'ing. a. Striking with awe. Gray. AWE-STRUCK*, aw'-sirtik. port. a. Impressed with awe. Milton. AWFUL, aw -till. 173,406. a. That which strikes with awe. Milton. Worshipful. Sliakspeare. Struck with awe. Shaksveare. A'WFULLY, aw'-ful-le. ad. In a reverential man- ner. South. Striking with awe. Dnjden. AWFUL-EYED* aw'-ful-lde. a. Having eyes ex- citing awe. More. A'WFULNESS, aw'-ful-n6s. n.s. Solemnity. Addi- son. The state of being struck with awe. Taylor. To AWHA'PE, a-hwape'. v. a. To strike; to con- found. S]je7iser. AWHE'ELS* a-hweelz'. ad. On wheels. B. Jensen. AWHI / LE,a-hwile , .397.ad. Sometime. Shakspeare. A WHIT*, a-hwu'.ac/!. [apijifc. Sax.] A jot; a tittle. Bp. Hall. A"WK§, awk. a. [auk, Goth.] Odd; out of order. L Estrange. AWKWARD, awk'-wurd. 475. a. [old adj. awk, with the Sax. peap.b.] Inelegant ; impolite. Sliak. Unhandy; elums}-. Dn/den. Perverse. Shakspeare. A'WKWARDLY, awk'-wurd-le. ad. Clumsily. Sidney. AWKWARDNESS, awk'-word-nik n.s. Inele- gance. Addison. AWL, all. n. s. [aal. Goth.] An instrument to bore holes. Hooker. A'WLESS. aw'-le's. a. Wanting reverence, or the power of causing reverence. Shakspeare. AWME. or AUMEj awm. n. s. A Dutch measure, answering to one-seventh of an English ton. Ar- bidhnot. AWN, awn. n. s. [aliana, Goth.] The beard of the corn or e^ass. A WNTNG, aw'-nmg. 410. n. s. A cover spread over j a boat, or any place without a roof. Sir T. Her- j bert. A covering to defend from the rays of the sun. Sicinbume. I AWO'KE, a-w6ke'. The preterite from awake. Judges, xvi. AWO'RK, a-work'. 1G5. ad. On work. Sliakspeare. AWO'RKING, a-work'-mg. a. The state of work- ing. Hubbard's Tale. AWRY', a-rr . 474. ad. [pjiiSan, Sax.] Not in a straight direction. Spejiser. Asquint. Denham. Not in the right direction. Brereicood. Unevenly. Pope. Perversely. Sidneij. AXE, aks. n. s. [eax, aq-e, Sax.] An instrument consisting of a metal head, with a sharp edge, fixed in a handle. Shakspeare. A'XHEAD*, aks'-h^d. n. s. The head of the axe. 2 Kings, vi. AXILLA, ag-zil'-la. n. s. [Lat.] The arm-pit. Quincy. AXI'LLAR, aks'-zll-lar. 478. ) „ A'XILLARY,aks'-zll-la-re. [See Maxillary.] 5 a ' Belonging to the arm-pit. Brown. A'XIOM§, ak'-shum. 479. n.s. [bak'-kant. n.s. He who lives BACCHANTE*, ( like Bacchus. BACCHICAL*, bak'-ke-kal. ) a. Relating to the BACCHICK*, bak'-klk. $ feasts of Bacchus. Spenser. BACCFFEROUS, bak-slF-e-rus. 555. a. [bacca and few, Lat.] Berry-bearing. Ray. BACCPVOROUS, bak-siv'^-rus. a. Devouring berries. Diet. BACHELOR §, batsh'-e-lur. n. s. [bachilep, Sax.] A man unmarried. Shak. A man who takes his first degrees at the university. Ascliam. A knight of the lowest order. Hody. Applied by Ben Jon- son to an unmarried woman. Magnetick Lady. BACHELORSHIP, batsh'-e-l&r-shlp. n. s. The condition of a bachelor. Shak. The state of him who has taken his first degree at the university. Bp. Hall BACK§, bak. n. s. [bac, Sax.] The hinder part of the body. Dryden. The outer part of the hand. Donne. The outer part of the body ; that which requires clothes ; opposed to the belly. Locke. The rear. Clarendon. The place behind. Bacon. The part of any thing out of sight. Bacon. The thick part of any tool, opposed to the edge. Arbuth- stot. To turn the back on one; to forsake him. South. To turn the back ; to go away. Sir J. Davies. A large vessel used by brewers and dis- tillers ; a vat. Knight. BACK, bak. ad. To the place from which one came. Shak. Backward. Addison. Behind. Numb. xxiv. Towards things past. Burnet. Again ; in return. Shakspeare. Again ; a second time. Waller. To BACK, bak. 11. a. To mount on the back of a hwrse. Shak. To break a horse. Roscommon. To place upon the back. Sliak. To maintain. Shak. To Justify. Boyle. To second. Dryden. To BACKBITE, bak'-blte. v. a. To censure the absent Spenser. BACKBITER, bak'-bl-tur. «. s. A privy calumnia- tor. Soidli. BACKBITING*, bluV-bl-tlng. n. s. Secret detrac- tion. 2 Corinthians, xii. BACKBFT1NGLY* bak'-bl-t?ng-le. ad. Slander- ously. Ba*~>I. BACKBO'NE, bak'-bone. n. s. The bone of the back. Ray. BACKCARRY, bak'-kar-re. Having on the back. Cowel. BACKDG'OR. bak'-dore. n. s. The door behind the house BACKED, bakt. 359. a. Having a back. Shak. BACKFRIEND, bak'-frend. n. s. An enemy in se- cret. South. BACKGA'MMON.bak-gam'-mun. 166. n.s. [from bach ganmion, Welsh.] A game at tables with box and dice. Howell. BACKHOUSE, bak'-hduse. n. s. A building be- hind the chief part of the house. Carew. BACKPIECE, bak'-peese. n. s. The armour which covers the back. Camden. BACKRETURN* bak'-re-t&rn. n. s. Repeated re- turn. SJiakspeare. BACKROOM, bak'-rSom. n.s. A room behind. Moxon. BACKSET*, bak'-set. part. a. Set upon in the rear. Anderson. BACKSIDE, bak'-slde. n. s. The hinder part of any thing. Newton. The yard or ground behind a house. Mortimer. ToBACKSLFDE, [BACK'SLIDE. Todd.] bak- slide 7 . 497. v.n. To fall off; to apostatize. Jeremiah. $5= I have in this word preferred Dr. Johnson's accentua- tion on the seconu syllable to Mr. Sheridan's on the first ; for the reasons, see Principles, under the number marked. Dr. Ash, Entick, Scott, and Perry, are on the side of Mr. Sheridan ; and Dr. Johnson and W. John- ston only on that which I have chosen ; but Mr. Sheri- dan and Dr. Ash, by marking the noun backslider with the accent on the second syllable, as it is always heard, have betrayed their pronunciation of the verb ; for ono of these modes must be wrong, as the verbal noun must unquestionably have the same accent as the verb. W BACKSLFDER, bak-sll'-dur. 98. n. s. An apostate Proverbs, xiv. BACKSLFDING*, bak-slF-dmg. n.s. Transgres- sion. Jeremiafi, v. 6. BACKSTAFF, bak'-staf. n.s. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea. BACKSTAIRS, bak'-starz. n. s. The private stairs in the house. Bacon. BACKSTAYS, bak'-staze. n. s. Ropes or stays which keep the masts of a ship from pitching for- ward or overboard. BACKSWORD, bak'-sord. n. s. A sword with one sharp edge ; also the rustick sword exercised at country fairs, consisting merely of a stick, with a basket handle. Arbuthnot. BACKWARD, bak'-wurd. lad. With the BACKWARDS, bak'-wurdz. 88. \ back forwards. Genesis. Towards the back. Bacon. On the back. Dryden. From the present station to the place be- yond the back. Shak. Regressively. Newton. Towards something past. South. Reflexively. Sir J. Davies. From a better to a worse state. Dryden. Past ; in time past. Locke. Perversely. Shakspeare. BACKWARD, bak'-wurd. a. Unwilling. Addison. Hesitating. Sfiak. Sluggish. Watts. Dull. South Late ; as, backioard fruits. BACKWARD, bak'-wurd. n.s. The state past. Shakspeare. To BACKWARD*, bak'-wurd. v. a. To keep back ; to hinder. BACKWARDLY, bak'-wfird-le. ad. Unwillingly. Sidney. Perversely. Shakspeare. BACKWARDNESS, bak'-wurd-ngs. n.s. Dull- ness. Atterhury. Tardiness. To BACKWOUND*, bak'-w66nd. v. a. To wound behind the back. Shakspeare. BACON, ba'-kn. 170. n.s. [bacon, old FrJ The flesh of a hog salted and dried. Dryden. The animal itself. Kyd. To save the bacon, is a phrase for preserving one's self from being hurt. Prior. BACULO'METRY, bak-u-l6m'-e-tre, n. s. [baculus, Lat. and fxirpov.] The art of measuring distances by one or more staves. Diet. BAD§, bad. a. [quoad, Dutch.] Ill ; not good. Pope. Vicious. Milton. Unfortunate. Dryden. Hurtful. Addison. BADE \ b * d ' 75, The P reterite of hid - Shakspeare. BADGES, badje. 74. n. s. [bafulo, Lat. to carrv.] A, 118 ' BAI BAL — 116, move, nor, not ; — ti\be, tfib, bull ; — 611 ; — p6und ; — thin, THis. mark worn to show the relation of the wearer. Spenser. A token by which one is known. Fair- fax. The mark of any thing. Shakspeare. To BADGE, biidje. v. a. To mark as with a badge. Slunk. To mark actually with a badge. Swift. BA'DGELESS* badje'-les. u. Having- no badee. Bp.Hall. J b BA l>GER,bad'-jur.98.n.s. [bedour ,Fr.] An animal that earths in the ground. Brown. To BA'DGER*. bad'-jur. r. a. To confound. BA DGER-LEGGED, bad'-jur-leg'd. a. Having legs of an unequal length. L' Estrange. BA DGER, bad -jiir. n. *. One that buys victuals in one place, and carries it unto another. Coicel. BA1HNAGE* bad'-e-nije. )n. s. [Fr.] Light or BADFNER1E* ba-din'-e-re. ] playful discourse. Ld. Chesterfield. BA'DLY, bad'-le. ad. In a bad manner. SJiakspeare. BA/DNESS, bad'-nes. n. s. Want of good qualities. Shakspeare. 7oBA'FFLE$, bafVfl. 405. v. a. [befler, Fr.] To elude. South. To confound. Dryden. To dis- grace ; to insult. Spenser. To BA'FFLE*, baf-fl. v. n. To practise deceit. Barrow. BA'FFLE, baf-fl. n. s. A defeat. South. BAFFLER, baf-flur. 98. n. s. He that puts to con- fusion. Government of the Tongue. BAG§, bag. n. s. [be\%e. Sax.] A sack, or pouch. Sliak. That part of animals in which some par- ticular juices are contained. Dryden. An orna- mental purse of silk tied to men's hair. Addison. Quantities of certain commodities ; as, a bag of pepper. To BAG, bag. v. a. To put into a bag. Dryden. To load with a bag. Dryden. To BAG. bag. t\ n. To swell like a full bag. Chaucer. To BAG*, bag. v. a. To swell. Bp. Hall. BAGATE'LLE, bag-a-tel'. n. s. [Fr.] A trifle. Howell. BA'GGAGE, bag'-g!dje. 90. n. s. [baggage, Fr.] The furniture oi an army. Bacon. The goods that are to be carried away, as has: and baggage. Mar- tin. A worthless woman. Sidney. A pert young woman 5 a flirt. Guardian. Refuse ; lumber. Bp. I Hooper. BA'GNIQ, ban'-yo. 388. n. s. [bagno, Ital] A house for bathing, sweating, and otherwise cleansing the body. ArJnUhnot. BA'GPIPE, bag' -pipe. n. s. A musical instrument, consisting of a leathern bag and pipes. Clmmbers. BAGPIPER, baff'-pl-pfir. 98. n. s. One that plays on a bagpipe. Shakspeare. BAGUE'TTE,b^-gh>. n. s. [Fr.] A little round moulding, less than an astragal. To BAIGNE, bane. v. a. [bagner, Fr.] To drench ; to soak. Carew. Ob. J. BAILS, bale. n. s. [bailler, Fr.] The setting at liberty one arrested under security taken for his appear- ance. Cowel. A surety. Titus Andronicus. A certain limit within a forest. Spenser. To BAIL, bale. v. a. To give bail. Titus Androni- cus. To admit to bail. Clarendon. BAILABLE, ba'-la-bl. 405. a. That may be bailed. B. Jonson. BAILIFF, bi'-llf. n. s. [baillie, Fr.] A subordinate officer. Addison. An officer whose business it is to execute arrests. Bacon. An under steward of a manor. BA'ILIWICK, baMe-wlk. n. s. The jurisdiction of a bailiff. Cowel. BA'ILMENT*, bile'-ment. n. s. The delivery of things 1o the bailor, or to the bailee, and sometimes also tp a third person. Cowel. BA'ILY*, bi'-le. n. s. The office or jurisdiction of a bailiff. Wickliffe. BAIN $*, bane. n. s. [bain, Fr.] A bath. HakewilL To BAIN*, bine. v. a. To bathe. Turbervile. Ob. T. BAIRN*, or BARN*, birn, or barn. n. s. [beann. Sax.] A child. To BAIT6, bate. v. a. [batan, Sax.] To put meat upon a hook to tempt fish. Shak. To give meat to one's self, or horses, on the road. Spenser. To BAITS, bite, v. a. [battre, Fr.] To attack with violence. Spenser. To harass by the help of others. To BAIT, bite. v. n. To stop at any place for re- freshment. Sidney. To BAIT, bite. v. n. To flap the wings ; to flutter. Shakspeare. BAIT, bite. n. s. Meat set to allure fish. Shak. A temptation. Spenser. A refreshment on a journey. Beaumont and Fletcher. BAIZE, bize. n. s. A kind of coarse open cloth stuff. Clmmbers. To BAKE$, bike. v. a. [baecan, Sax.] To heat any thing in a close place. Isaiali. To harden in the fire. Bacon. To harden with heat. Philips. To BAKE, bike. t>. n. To do the work of baking. Shakspeare. To be heated or baked. Shakspeare. BAKE-MEATS*, bike-meets. ) n. s. Meats dress- BAK ED-MEATS, bik'd-meets. S ed by the oven. Genesis, xl. BAKEHOUSE, bike'-h6use. n. s. A place for bak- ing bread. Wotton. BA'KEN, bi'-k'n. The participle from to bake. 1. Kings. BA'KER, bi'-kur. 98. n. s. He whose trade is to bake. South. BA'KER-FOOT*, bi'-kur-fut. n. s. An ill-shaped or distorted foot. Bp. Taylor. BA'KER-LEGGED*, bi-kur-leg'd. a. A person is said to be baker-legged, who has crooked legs, or goes in at the knees. BALANCES, balManse. n. s. [balance, Fr.] One of the six simple powers in mechanicks. A pair of scales. Swift. A metaphorical balance, or the mind employed in comparing one thing with an- other. Sluik. The act of comparing two things. Atterbury. The overplus of weight. Bacon. That which is wanting to make two parts of an account even. Equipoise ; as, balance of power. Pope. The beating part of a watch. Locke. [In astrono- my.] The Libra. Dryden. To BA'LANCE, balManse. r. a. To weigh in a bal- ance. L'Estrange. To regulate the weight. Wal- ler. To counterpoise. Newton. To regulate an account. Locke. To pay that which will make the account equal. Prior. To BA'LANCE, balManse. v. n. To hesitate. Locke. BA'LANCER, bal'-lan-sur. n. s. The person that weighs any thing. Cotgrave. BALANCING*, balMans-lng. n. s. Equilibrium 5 poise. Dr. Spenser. BA'LASS Ruby, hal'-as-riV-be. n.s. [balas, Fr.] A kind of ruby. Woodward. To B ALBUMINATE, bal-bu'-se-nite. ? v. n. [bal- BALBU'TIATE, bal-bu'-she-ate. $ butio, Lat.] To stammer in speaking. Diet. BALCO'NY, bal-kc-'-ne. n. s. [balcon, Fr.] A frame of iron, wood, or stone, before the window of a room. Herbert. BALDS, bawld. a. [bal, Welsh.] Wanting hair Jeremiah. Without natural covering. Slmk. Without the usual covering. Shak. Unadorned; inelegant. Dryden. Meanj naked. Shak. Bald was used by the northern nations to signify bold, and is still in use. Gibson. BA'LDACHIN, bawld'-a-tsh?n. n.s. [baldachino, Ital.l A canopy, supported with columns, and serving as a covering to an altar. Builder's Diet. BA'LDERDASH, bawl'-dur-dash. n. s. Any thing jumbled together without judgement. Nashe. To BA'LDERDASH, bawl'-dur-dash. v. a. To adulterate any liquor. The Geneva Ballad. BA'LDLY, bawld'-le. ad. Nakedly ; meanly. BA'LDMONY, bawld' -mun-ne. n. s. The same with gentian. BA'LDNESS, bawld'-nes. n.s. The want of hair. Bp. Taylor. The loss of hair. Swift. Meanness of writing ; inelegance. Warton. BA'LDPATE*. bawld'-pate. n. s. A head shorn of hair. Shakspeare. 119 BAL BAM O 3 559.— Fate, far. fall, fat ;— me, mk ;— pine, pin ;— BA'LDPATE* bawld'-pate. ) a. Shorn of hair. BALDPATED* bawkF-pa-teU \ Shakspeare. BALDRICK, bawl'-drik. n. s. [baudrier, Fr.] A girdle. Spenser. The zodiack. Spenser. BALE$, bale. n. s. [bale, Fr.] A bundle of goods. L' Estrange. A pair of dice. Overbury. To BALE, bale. v. n. To make up into a bale. To BALE, bale. t». a. To bale ; to lave out. Skin- ner. BALE, bale. n. s. [bsel, Sax.] Misery ; calamity. Spenser. BA'LEFUL, bale'-f fil. a. Full of misery. Spenser. Full of mischief. Spenser. BA'LEFULLY, bale'-ful-le. ad. Sorrowfully. BA'Ll-TER*. bal'-fe-tflr. n. s. [balista, Lat.] A cross-bow. Blount. BALK, bawk. 402, 84. n. s. [bale, Sax.] A great beam used in building. BALKS, bawk. n. s. A ridge of land left unploughed between the furrows. Homilies. A disappoint- ment. South. To BALK, bawk. 402. v. a. To disappoint. Locke. To leave untouched. Mede. To omit, or refuse any thing. Shak. To heap, as on a ridge. Shak. To BALK*, bawk. v. n. To turn aside. Spenser. To deal in cross purposes. Spenser. BA LKERS, baw'-kftrz. 98. n. s. Men who give a sign to the fishing-boats, which way the passage or shoal of herrings is. Cowel. BALL, bawl. 33, 77. n. s. [bol, Dan.] Any thing made in a round form. Bacon. A round thing to play with, either with the hand or foot, or a racket. Sidney. A small round thing, with some particu- lar mark, by which votes are given, or lots cast. Dryden. A globe. Granville. A globe borne as an ensign of sovereignty. Bacon. Any part of the body that approaches to roundness; as, the lower part of the thumb, the apple of the eye. Sliak. The skin spread over a hollow piece of wood, stuff- ed with hair or wool, which the printers dip in ink, to spread it on the letters. BALL, bawl. n. s. [pal, Fr.] An entertainment of dancing. Dryden. BA'LLAD, balMad. n.s. \balade, Fr.] A song. Watts. To BA'LLAD, balMad. v. a. To make or sing bal- lads. Shakspeare. To BA'LLAD*, bal'-lad. v. n. To write ballads. B. Jonson. BA'LLAD-MAKER*, bal'-lad-ma-kur. n.s. He who writes a ballad. Shakspeare. BA'LLAD-MONGER* balMad-mung-gur. n. s. A trader in ballads. Shakspeare. BA'LLAD-SINGER, bal'-lad-s?ng-ur. n.s. One whose employment is to sing ballads in the streets. Gay. BA'LLAD-STYLE*, bal'-lad-stlle. n. s. The air or manner of a ballad. Warton. BA'LLAD-TUNE*, bal'-lad-tune. n.s. The tune of a ballad. Warton. BA'LLAD-WRITER*, bal'-lad-rl-t&r. n.s. A com- poser of ballads. Warton.. BA'LLADER*, bal'-la-d&r. n.s. A maker or singer of ballads. Overbury. BA'LLADRY* balMad-re. n.s. The subject or style of ballads. B. Jonson. To BA'LLARAG* balMe-rag, or biil'-le-rag. v. a. To bullv '• to threaten. Warton. BA'LLAST, bal'-last. 88. n.s. [hallaste, Dutch.] Something put at the bottom of the ship to keep it steady. Wilkins. That which is used to make any th.ng steady. Hammond. To BA'LLAST, bal'-last. v. a. To put weight at the bottom of a ship, to keep her steady. Wilkins. To keep any thing steady. Bp. Hall. BA LLATED*, balMa-ieU part. a. Sung in a bal- lad. Webster. BA'LLATRY* bal'-la-tre. n. s. A jig ; a song. Mil- ton. BALLET, bal'-let. n. s. [ballete, Fr.l A dance in which some history is represented. Warton. BA'LLIARDS, bal'-ytirds. n. s. A play at which a ball is driven by the end of a stick ; now called billiards. Spenser. BA'LLISTER. See Baluster. BALLO'N, or BALLOON, bal-loon'. n. s. {ballon Fr.] A large, round, short-necked vessel, used in chymistry. A ball placed on the top of a pillar. A ball stuffed with combustible matter, which, when shot up in the air-, bursts into bright sparks of fire, resembling stars. A hollow vessel of silk, which is filled with inflammable air, and ascends with con- siderable weight annexed to it into the atmosphere. Hewyt. A game at plav. Bwton. BA'LLOTS, bal'-lut. 166. n. s. [ballote, Fr.] A little ball used in giving votes, being put privately into a box. The act of voting bv ballot. To BALLOT, bal'-lut. v. n. To choose by ballot. Wotton. BALLOT A'TION, bal-l6-ta'-shun. n. s. Voting by ballot. Wotton. BALMS, bam. 403. n.s. [baume, Fr.l The sap or juice of a shrub. Dryden. Any valuable or fra- grant ointment. SlwJc. Any thing that soothes or mitigates pain. Shakspeare. BALM, or BALM Mint. n. s. The name of a Dlant Miller. BALM of Gilead, bam ov gll'-yad. n. s. The juice drawn from the balsam tree. Calmet. A plant re- markable for the strong balsamick scent of its leaves. Miller. To BALM, bam. v. a. To anoint with balm. Shak. To soothe. Shakspeare. BA'LMY, bam'-e. 403. a. Having the qualities of balm. Milton. Producing balm. Pope. Soothing. Shak. Fragrant; odoriferous. Dryden. Mitigat- ing. Shakspeare. BA'LNEAL* bal'-ne-al. a. [balneum, Lat.] Belong- ing to a bath. Howell. BA'LNEARY, bal'-ne-a-re. n. s. A bathing-room. Brown. BALNEA'TION, bal-ne-a'-shfin. n. s. The act of bathing. Brown. BA'LNEATORY, bal'-ne-a-tfir-re. 512, 557. a. Be- longing to a bath. BA'LNEUM, bal'-ne-um. n. s. [Lat.] Used in chym- istry for a vessel. BA'LOTADE, bal'-l6-tade. n. s. The leap of a horse, so that, when his fore-feet are in the air, he shows nothing but the shoes of his hinder feet, with- out yerking out. Farrier's Diet. BA'LSAMS, bawl'-sum. 83. n. s. Ointment. Denham. BA'LSAM Apple, bawl -sum-ap-pl. n. s. An annual Indian plant. BALSAM 7Vee,bawl'-sum-tree. n.s. A shrub which scarce grows taller than the pomegranate tree, which produces the juice opobaisamum. Calmet. BALSAMA'TION*, bal-sa-ma'-shfin. n. s. That ' which has the qualities of balsam. Hist. Royal Society. BALSA MICAL, bal-sam'-e-kal. 84. ; a. Having the BALSA'MICK, bal-sam'-fk. 509. ) qualities of balsam. Arbuthnct. BALSA'MICK*,bal-samMk. n.s. That which has the qualities of balsam. BA'LSAM-SWEATING* bawl'-sum-swei-tW. part. a. That which yields balsam. Crushaw. BA'LUSTER, bal'-us-t&r. n. s. [ba/estriera, Ital.] A small column or pilaster placed with rails on stairs, and in the fronts of galleries in churches. Careic. BALUSTERED*, bal'-us-terd.^arf.a. Having bal- usters. Sir W. Soames. BALUSTRADE, bal-us-trade'. n. s. An assemblage of balusters, fixed upon a terrace, or the top of a building. Swinburne. BAM, BEAM, being initials in the name of any place, usually imply it to have been woody; from the Saxon beam. Gibson. BA'MBOO, bam-bSo'. n. s. An Indian plant of the reed kind. Sir T. Herbert. To BA3IBOOZLE §, bam-b6o'-zl. v. a. To deceive; to confound. Arbnthnot. BAMBO'OZLER, bam-bod'-zlfir. n. s. A tricking fellow. Arbuthnot. 120 BAN BAP -n6, move, ndr, n6t ; — tube, tub, bull ; — 611 ; — pfiund ; — thin, THis. BAN $, bii\. n. s. [ban, Teut.] Publick notice given of any thing that is publickly commanded or forbid- den. Cowel. A curse 5 excommunication. Raleigh . Interdiction. Milton— Ban of the Empire ; a pub- lick censure by which the privileges of any Ger- man prince are suspended. Howell. To BAN, ban. v. a. To curse ; to execrate. Hooker. To BAN*, ban. v. n. To curse. Spenser. BANANA Tree, ba-naZ-nd-tree. A species of plan- tain. BAND $, band. n. s. [barul, Sax.] A tie. Shak. A chain by which any animal is kept in restraint, now usually spelt bond. Spenser. Any means of union or connexion. Shak. Something worn about the neck. JB. Jonson. Any thing bound round another. Bacon. Any flat, low member or moulding, called also fascia, lace, or plinth. A company of soldiers. Shak. A company of persons joined together. Shakspeare. To BAND, band. v. a. To unite together. Shak. To bind over with a band. Dryden. [In heraldry.] Any thing tied round with a band of a different colour from the charge, is said to be banded. To drive away ; to banish. Spenser. To BAND*, band. v. n. To associate ; to unite. Milton. BA NDAGE, ban'-dldje. 90. n. s. Something bound over another. Addison. The fillet or roller wrap- ped over a wounded member. BA NDBOX, band'-boks. n.s. A slight box used for bands and things of small weight. Addison. BANDELET, ban'-de-let. n. s. Any little band, flat moulding, or fillet. Orrery. BANDER* ban'-dur. n. s.'He who unites with oth- ers. Mirror for Magistrates. BANDIT, ban'-dlt. n. s. [bandito, Ital.] A man out- lawed. Milton. BANDFTTO, ban-dit'-to. n. s. [in the plural Ban- ditti, ban-dit'-te.] A man outlawed, or a robber, Shakspeare. BANDOG, ban'-dftg. n. s. [a corruption of band- dog.] A kind of large dog. Shakspeare. BA'NDLE*, ban'-dl. n. s. An Irish measure of two feet in length. Cockeram. BANDOLE'ERS, ban-di-leerz'. n. s. Small wooden cases, each containing powder that is a sufficient charge for a musket. Jordan. BAXDON*,bkn'-(lt>n. n.s. [Fr.] Disposal; license. Chaucer. Ob. T. BANDO'RE*, n. s. [iravSSpa, Gr.] A musical instru- ment, resembling a lute. Minsheu. BA'NDROL, band'-rill. n. s. [banderol, Fr.] A little fia°- or streamer. BA NDSTRING* band'-strlng. n. s. The string ap- pendant to the band. Bp. Taylor. BANDY §, ban'-de. n.s. A club turned round at bot- tom for striking a ball at play; the play itself. Brewer. To BANDY, ban'-de. v. a. To beat to and fro. Spenser. To exchange. Shak. To agitate. Locke. To BANDY, ban'-de. v. n. To contend, as at some game, in which each strives to drive the ball his own way. Sluxkspeare. BA'NDYLEG, ban'-de-leg. n. s. A crooked leg. Swift. BANDYLEGGED, ban'-de-leg'd. 362. a. Having crooked legs. Collier. BANE§, bane. n. 5. [bana, Sax.] Poison. B. Jonson. That which destroys. Hooker. To BANE, bane. v. a. To poison. SJuikspeare. BA'NEFUL, bane'-ful. a. Poisonous. Pope. Destruc- tive. B. Jonson. BANEFULNESS, bane'-ful-nes. n. s. Destructive- BANEWORT, bane'-wurt. 88. n. deadly nigU-shade. A plant; the To BANG §, bang. 409. v. a. [banga, Goth.] To beat ; to thump. Howell. To handle roughly. Shakspeare. BANG, bang. n. s. A blow; a thump. Sluxkspeare. To BANGLE, bang'-gl. v. a. To waste by little and little. Burton. To BANISH §, ban'-nlsh. v. a. [banir, Fr.] To con- demn to leave his own country. Sliak. To drive away. Cowley. BANISHER, ban'-nish-ur. n. s. He that banishes. Sluxkspeare. BANISHMENT, ban'-nish-ment. n. s. The act of banishing. Exile. Shakspeare. BANISTER*. A corruption of Baluster, which see. BANK $, bank. 409. n.s. [banc, Saxon.] The earth arising on each side of a water. Shak. Any heap piled up. 2 Sam. xx. A bench of rowers. Waller. A place where money is laid up. Bacon. The company of persons concerned in managing a bank. » To BANK, bank. v. a. To enclose with banks. Thom- son. To lay up money in a bank. Bp. Berkeley. BANK-BILL, bank-bill. n. s. A note for money laid up in a bank. Swift. BANK-STOCK*, bank'-stok. n. s. One of the pub- lick funds so called. Toiler. BANKER, bank'-ur. 98. n. s. One that keeps a bank. Dryden. BANKRUPT $, bank'-rupt. a. [banqueroute, Fr. ban- cor otto, Ital.] In debt beyond the power of pay- ment. Shakspeare. BANKRUPT, bank'-rupt. n. s. A man in debt be- yond the power of payment. Bacon. To BANKRUPT, bank'-rupt. v. a. To break. Beaumont and Fletcher. BANKRUPTCY, bank'-rup-se. 472. n. s. The state of a man broken, or bankrupt. The act of declar- ing one's self bankrupt. BANNER §, ban'-nfir. 98. n. s. [baner, Sued.] A flag; a standard. Isaiah, xiii. A streamer borne at the end of a lance. BANNERED*, ban'-n&rd. part. a. Displaying ban- ners. Milton. BANNERET, ban'-n&r-et. n. s. A knight made in the field, with the ceremony of cutting off the point of his standard, and making it a banner. Blount. A little banner. Shakspeare. BANNEROL, ban'-nur-role. 555. more properly Banderol, n. s. [banderolle, Fr.] A little flag or streamer. Camden. BANN1AN, ban -yan'.rc. s. A morning gown. A na- tive of India ; a Gentoo servant employed in man- aging the commercial affairs of an Englishman. Sir T. Herbert. An Indian tree so called. Milton. BANNFTION*, ban-nfsh'-un. n. s. [bannitus, Lat.] The act of expulsion. Alp. Laud. BANNOCK, ban'-nuk. 166. n. s. [bunna, Irish.] A kind of oaten cake. BANQUET §, bank'-kwet. 4-08. n. s. [banquet, Fr.] A feast. Hooker. To BANQUET, bank'-kwet. v. a. To treat with feasts. Shalcspeare. To BANQUET, bank'-kwet. 409. v. n. To feast. Shakspeare. To give a feast. Sluxkspeare. BANQUETER, baiuV-kwet-ur. n. s. A feaster. Cotgrave. He that makes feasts. BANQUET-HOUSE, bank'-kwet-hSfise. > BANQUETING-HOUSE^ankMvwet-ing-l^use. \ n. s. A house where banquets are kept. Sidney. BANQUETLNG* bankMcwet-lng. n. s. Feasting. 1 Pet. 4. BANQ UE' TTE, bank-ket'. n.s. [Fr.] A small bank at the foot of the parapet, for the soldiers to mount upon when they fire. BANSHEE*, or BENSHI*. n. s. A kind of Irish fairy. BA'NSTICLE, ban'-stlk-kl. 405. n. s. A small fish ; a stickleback. To BANTERS, ban'-tfir. 98. v. a. [badiner, Fr.] To play upon. V Estrange. BANTER, ban'-tur. n. s. Ridicule ; raillery. Watts. BANTERER, ban'-tur-fir. n. s. One that banters. L' Estrange. BANTLING, bant'-tfng. n. s. A little child. Prior. BA'PTISM, bap'-uzm. n.s. An external ablution of the body, with a certain form of words, used in Christian churches. Ay life. Baptism is often taken in Scripture for sufferings. St. Luke, xii. BAR BAR ID 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 3— me, met ;— pine, pin ; BAPTFSMAL, bap-uV-mal. a. Pertaining to baptism. Hammond. BA'PTIST, bap'-tlst. n. s. He that administers bap. tism. Matt. iii. An abbreviation of Anabaptist Swift. BA'PTISTERY, bap'-tls-tfir-e. 555. n. s. The place where baptism is administered. Mede. BAPTFSTICAL* bap-uV-te-kal. a. Relating to baptism. Bp. Bramliall. To BAPTFZE $, bap-tlze'. v. a. [Panrifr.] To chris ten. Milton. BAPTFZER. bap-tl'-zfir. 98. n. s. One that christens. BAR J, bar. 77. n. s. [barre, Fr.] What is laid across a passage to hinder entrance. Exodus. A bolt Nehemialu Obstruction. Job. A. gate. A rock, or bank of sand, at the entrance of a harbour. What is used for prevention, or exclusion. Hooker. The place where causes of law are tried, or where criminals stand. Shale. An enclosed place in a tav- ern, where the house-keeper sits. Addison. [In law.] A peremptory exception against a demand or plea. Cowel. Any thing by which the compages or structure is held together. Jonah, ii. Any thing which is laid across another, as bars in heraldry. Bar of gold or silver is a lump or wedge from the mines melted down into a sort of mould. Bars, in musick, are strokes drawn perpendicularly across the lines of a piece of musick. To BAR, bar. v. a. To fasten any thing with a bar Shak. To hinder. Sliaic. To prevent. Sidney, To detain. Shak. To shut out. Dryden. To ex- clude from use, or claim. Hooker. To prohibit Hudibras. To except. Sliak. To hinder the pro- cess of a suit. Dryden. To bar a vein ; an opera tion in farriery. BAR-SHOT, bar'-shot. n. s. Two half bullets joined together by an iron bar: used in sea engagements. BARB §, barb. n. s. [barba, Lat.] Any thing that grows in the place of a beard. Walton. Thepoints that stand backward in an arrow. Pope. The armour for horses. Hayward. BARB, barb. n. s. [Barbary.] A Barbary horse. L. Addison. To BARB, barb. v. a. To shave. Shak. To furnish horses with armour. Dryden. To jag arrows with hooks. Philips. BARRACAN, bar'-ba-kan. n. s. [bapbacan, Sax.] A fortification before the walls of a town. A fortress at the end of a bridge. Spenser. An opening in the wall to shcot out at. Cotgrave. BARBARIAN ^bar-ba'-re-an. n.s. [barbarus, Lat.] A man uncivilized. Denham. A foreigner. Sliak. A brutal monster. A. Philips. BARBARIAN, har-ba'-re-an. a. Savage. Pope. BARBARICK, bar-bar'-lk. a. Foreign; far-fetched. Milton. Uncivilized. Milton. BARBARISM, bar'-ba-rfzm. n. s. A form of speech contrary to the purity of any language. Dryden. Ignorance of arts. Sliak. Brutality. Spenser. Cru- elty. Shakspeare. BARBARITY, bar-bar'-e-te. n. s. Savageness ; cru- elly. Clarendon. Barbarism. Dryden. To BARBARIZE*, bar'-ba-rlze. v. a. To bring back to barbarism ; to render savage. Beaumont. To BARBARIZE*, bar'-ba-rlze. v.n. To commit a barbarism. Milton. BARBAROUS §, bar' -ba-rus. 314. a. Stranger to civility. Sidney. Ignorant. Dryden. Cruel. Claren- don. Foreign. Dryden. BARBAROUSLY, bar'-ba-rfis-le. ad. Ignorantly; contrary to the rules of speech. Dryden. Cruelly. Dri/den. BA'RBAROUSNESS,bar>-ba-r&s-nes.rc.s. Incivility of manners. Temple. Impurity of language. Brere- wood. Cruelty. Hale. BARBARY* bar'-ba-re. n. s. A Barbary horse 3 a Barb, which see. Beaumont and Fletcher. BARBA'TED* bar-bate'-eU part. a. Jagged with points ; bearded. Warton. To BA'RBECUE, ba^-be-ku. v. a. A term used in the West Indies for dressing a hog whole. Pope. BA'RBECUE, bar'-be-ku. n.s. A hog dressed whole. BARBED, bar / -b£d, or barb'd. 362. participial a. Furnished with armour. Sliak. Bearded. Job. BARBEL, bar'-bl. 102, 405. n. s. [barbel, Fr.] A kind offish. Walton. Superfluous flesh in the mouth of a horse. Farrier's Diet. BARBERS, bai-z-bur. 98. n. s. A man who shaves the beard. Wotton. To BARBER, bar'-bfir. v. a. To dress out. Shak. BARBER-CHIRURGEON.bar'-b&r-kl-rfir'-jean. n. s. A man who joins thepractice of surgery to the barber's trade. Wiseman. BARBER-MONGER, bar'-bfir-mung-gur. n. s. A fop. Shakspeare. BARBERESS*, bar'-bfir-es. n. s. A woman barber. Minsheu. BA'RBERRY, bar'-ber-re. n. s. \berberis, Lat.] Pip- pendge bush. Miller. BARD?, bard. 77. n. s. [bardd, Welsh.] A poet. Spenser. BARD*, bard. n. s. The trapping of a horse. BARDED*, bard'-ed. part. a. Caparisoned. Holins- hed. BARDICK*, bard'-ik. a. Relating to the bards or poets. Warton. BARD1SH* bard'-fsh. a. What is written by the bards. Selden. BARE §, bare. a. [bane, Sax.] Naked. Spenser. Raw. Spenser. Uncovered in respect. Clarendon. Un- adorned. Spenser. Detected. Milton. Poor; in- digent. Hooker. Mere. Shak. Threadbare. Shak. Not united with any thing else. Hooker. Wanting clothes. To BARE, bare. v. a. To strip. Spenser. BAREBONE, bare'-b6ne. n. s. Lean. Shakspeare. BAREBONED*, bare'-b6n'd. part. a. Having the bones bare. Shakspeare. BAREFACED, bare-faste'. 359. a. With the face naked. Sliakspeare. Shameless. Clarendon. BAREFACEDLY, bare-fa'-sed-le. 364. ad. Open- ly ; shamefully. Locke. BAREFA'CEDNESS, bare-fa'-sed-nes. 365. n. s. Effrontery ; assurance. BAREFOOT §, bare'-f fit. a. [baepepofc, Sax.] Hav- ing no shoes. Shakspeare. BAREFOOT, bare'-ffit. ad. Without shoes. Shak. BAREFO'OTED, bare'-ffil-ed. a. Without shoes. Sidney. BAREGNAWN, bare'-nawn. a. Eaten bare. Shak. BAREHEADED, bare'-hed-ded. a. Uncovered in respect. Shakspeare. BARELEGGED, bare'-legd. part. a. Having the legs bare. Burton. BARELY, bare'-le. ad. Nakedly. Huloet. Poorly. Barret. Without decoration ; merely. Hooker. BARENECKED*, bW-n&tt. part. a. Exposed. Heicyt. BAREPICKED*, bare'-plkt. part. a. Picked to the bone. Shakspeare. BARERIBBED* bare'-rib'd. part. a. Lean. Shak. BARENESS, bare'-nes. n.s. Nakedness. Sliak. Leanness. Shak. Poverty. Soidh. Meanness of clothes. BARFUL. See Barrful. BARGAINS bar'-gin. 208. n.s. [bargen, Welsh.] A contract. Bacon. The thing bought or sold! Locke. Stipulation. Bacon. An event. Arbuth. To BARGAIN, bar'-gin. v. n. To make a contract. Shakspeare. BARGAINEE', bar'-gin-nee'. n. s. He that accepts a bargain. BARGAINER, bar'-gfn-nfir. 98. n.s. The person who makes a bargain. Huloet. BARGE$, barje. n.s. [barje, old Fr.] A boat for pleasure. Shak. A sea-commanders boat. Ra- leigh. A boat for burden. BARGEMAN*, barje'-man. n. s. The manager of a barge. Ld. Northampton. BARGEMASTER* barje'-ma-stflr. n. s. The own- er of a barge which carries goods. Blackstone. BARGER, W-jfir. 98. n.s. The manager of a barge. Carew. BARK §, bark. n. s. [barck, Dan.] The rind or cover- 122 BAR BAR -n [See Lumba To BASTINA'DO, has-te-na'-do. 5 go.] v. a. To treat with the bastinado. B. Jonson. HASTING*, baste'-ing. n.s. The act of beating with a stick. Swift. BA'STION, bas'-tsh&n. 291. n.s. [bastion, Fr.] A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, stand ins: out from a rampart ; a bulwark. Prior. BAT, bat. n. s. [bat, Sax.] A heavy stick. Wick titfe. BAT, ba bat. 11. s. An animal having the body of a mouse and the wings of a bird ; not with feathers, but a sort of skin which is extended. Calmet. BAT-FOWLER*, bat'-fM-ler. n. s. One who de- lights in bat-fowling. Harrington. BAT-FOWLING, bat'-fofl-flng. n. s. Bird catching in the night time. They light torches or straw, and then oeat the bushes ; upon which the birds, flying to the flames, are caught either with nets, or otherwise. Shakspeare. BA TABLE, ba'-ta-bl. 405. a. [datable, Fr.] Disputa- ble. Coivel. BATCH, batsh. n. s. [from bake.} The quantity of bread baked at a time. Mortimer. BATCHELOR. See Bachelor. BATE §, bate. n. s. [bate, Sax.] Strife ; contention. Shakspeare. BATE-BREEDLNG* bate'-breed-ing. part. a. Breeding strife. Shakspeare. To BATE $' bate. v. a. To lessen. Shak. To sink the price. Locke. To lessen a demand. Shak. To cut ofi'. Dry den. To grow less. Dry den. To re- mit. Dryden. To BATE*, as a hawk. See To Bait. BATEFUL, bale'-ful. a. Contentious. Sidney. BA'TELESS*, bate'-les. a. Not to be abated. Shak. BATEMENT,bate'-m£nt. n.s. Diminution. Moxon. BATFUL* bat'-f&l.a. See To Battel. Drayton. Ob. T. BATH $, bfoh. 78. n. s. [baS, Sax.] A bath is either hot or cold, either of art or nature. Quincy. Out- ward heat applied to the body. Shaksjwai-e. A ves- sel of water, in which another is placed that requires a softer heat than the naked fire. Quincy. A He- brew measure, containing seven gallons and four pints ; or three pecks and three pints. Isaiah. To BATHE, baTHe. 467. v. a. To wash. Milton. To supple or soften. Wiseman. To wash any thing. Dri/den. To BATHE, baTHe. v. n. To be in the water, or in any resemblance of a bath. Shakspeare. BATHING*, baTHe'-fng. n. s. The act of bathing. Hakeui/l. BA'THOS*,bk'-thbs. «..*• [Gr.] The art of sink- ing in poetry. Arbidhnot. BATLET, bat'-let. n. s. A square piece of wood, used in beating linen. Shaksjjeare. BATO'ON, ba-tSon'. n. s. [baton, Fr.] A staff or club. Bacon. A truncheon or marshal's staff. Beaumo/U and Fletcher. In the coat of arms, to de- note illegitimate descent. BA'TTABLE*bat'-ta-bl. a. Capable of cultivation. Burton. BATTAILANT* bat'-ta-lant. n. s. A combatant. Slielton. Ob. T. BATTAILOUS, bat'-ta-l&s. a. Warlike. Fairfax. BATTA'LIA,bat-tale'-ya.272. n.s. [battaglia, Ital] The order of battle. Sandys. The main Body of an armv. Sfutkspeare. BATTA'LlON,bat-tal'-y&n.272,507.n. 5. [battail- Ion, Fr.] A division of an army. Shak. An army. Shakspeare. To BATTEL $*, or BATTIL* bat'-tl. v. a. To render fertile. To BATTEL*, bat'-tl. v. n. To grow fat. Spenser. To stand indebted in the college books, at Oxford, for what is expended at the buttery in the necessa ries of eating and drinking. At Cambridge, size\s used in a similar sense. In the former university there is a student named a batteler or battler ; in the latter, a sizer. BATTEL*; or BATTLE* bat'-tl. «. Fruitful ; fer- tile. Hooker. BATTEL*, bat'-tl. 7i.s. [tselan, Sax.] The account of the expenses of a student in any college in Ox- ford. Cherry. BATTELLER*, bat'-tl-lur. ) n. s. A student at BATTLER*, bat'-tlfir. $ Oxford. Life of Bp. Kennett. To BATTEN, bat'-tn. 103. v. a. [ga-batnan, Goth.] To fatten, or make fat. Milton. To fertilize. Philips. To BATTEN, bat'-tn. 103. v. v. To grow fat. Shak. BATTEN, bat'-tn. n.s. A scantling ot wood. Moxon. To BATTER $, bat'-t&r. 98. v. a. [hattre, Fr.] To beat down. Ezekiel. To wear with beating. Dry- den. To wear out with service. Southern. To BATTER, bat'-tur. v. n. The side of a wall that bulges is said to batter. Moxon. BATTER, bat'-t&r. n. s. A mixture of several ingre- dients beaten together. King. BATTERER, bat'-t&r-r&r. n. s. He that batters. Bp. Taylor. BATTERING-RAM*, bat'-t&r-mg-ram'. n.s. An ancient military engine. BATTERY, bat'-t&r-re. 555. n. s. The act of bat- tering. Spenser. A line of cannon. Shakspeare. The frame, or raised work, upon which cannons are mounted. [In law.] A violent striking of any man. Gliambers. BATTISH, bat'-tlsh, a. Resembling a bat. Vernon: BATTLES, bat'-tl. 405. n. s. [battaille, Fr.] A fight. Shak. A body of forces. Bacon. The main body. Hayward. To BATTLE, bat'-tl. v. n, To join battle. Bale. BATTLE-ARRAY, bat'-tl-ar-ra'. n. s. Order of battle. Addison. BATTLE-AXE, bat'-tl-aks. n. s. A weapon used anciently. Carew. BATTLEDOOR, bat'-tl-dore. n. s. An instrument with a handle and a flat board, used in play to strike a ball, or shuttlecock. Locke. A child's horn-book, somewhat resembling a battledoor in shape. BATTLEMENT, bat'-tl-ment. n. s. A wall with embrasures, or interstices. Shakspeare. BATTLEMENTED* bat'-tl-ment-ed. part. a. Se- cured by battlement. Sir. T. Herbert. BATTLING*, bat'-ttfng. n. s. Conflict. Tliomson. BATTO'LOGIST*, bat-tol'-O-jk. n. s. One who repeats the same thing in speaking or writing. Whitlock. To BATTO'LOGIZE* hat-tol'-o-jlze. p. a. To repeat needlesslv the same thing. Sir. T. Herbert. BATTO'LOG Y f*, bat-tol'-o-je. n. s. [battobgie, Fr.] Repeating one and the same thing. Milton. BATTY, bat'-te. a. Belonging to a bat. S/iakspeare, BAUBE'E, baw-bee'. n. s. [bos-billon, Fr.] A half- penny. Bramston. BA'UBLE. See Bawble. To BAULK. See Balk. BA'VARO Y, ba-va-r6e'. n. s. [Bavarois, Fr.] A kind of cloak. Gay. BA'VIN, bav'-m. n. s. A stick like those bound in faggots ; a piece of waste wood. Shakspeare. BA'WBLE, baw'-bl.405. n. s. [baubellnm.] A gew- gaw ; a trifling piece of finery. Gower. BA'WBLING, baw'-bl?ng. 410. a. Trifling. Shak, BA'WCOCK, baw'-kok. n. s. A familiar word, the same as fine fellow. Shakspeare. BAWD §,'bawd. n. s. [baude, old Fr.] A procurer, or procuress. Skelton. To BAWD*, bawd. v. a. To foul 5 to dirty. Skelton. To BAWD, bawd. v.n. To procure; to provide gallants with strumpets. Spectator. BA'WDBORN*, bawd'-born. part. a. Descended of a bawd. Shakspeare. 125 BEA JBEA ID* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mSt;— pine, pm ;— BA'WDILY, baw'-de-le. ad. Obscenely. BA'WDINESS, baw'-de-nes. n. s. Obsceneness or lewdness. BA'WDRICK, baw'-drik. n. e. [See Baldrick.] A belt. Cfiapman. BA'VVDRY, baw'-dre. n. s. The practice of pro- curing and bringing whores and rogues together. Ay life. Obscenity. Bp. Hall. BA'WDY, baw'-de. a. Filthy. Chaucer. Obscene. Shakspcare. BA'WDY-HOUSE, baw'-de-house. n. s. A house where traffick is made by wickedness and de- bauchery. Dennis. To BAWL §, ball. v. n. [baula, old Fr.] To hoot. ; to cry with vehemence. Milton. To cry as a fro- ward child. L' Estrange. To BAWL, ball. v. a. To proclaim as a crier. Sivift. BAWN*, bawn. 71. s. An enclosure with mud or stone-walls, to keep the cattle; a fortification. Spenser. BA'WREL, baw'-rll. 99. n. 5. A kind of hawk. ' BA'WSIN, baw'-sln. n. s. A badger. Diet. BAY. ba. 220. a. [baye, bai, old Fr.] Inclining to a chestnut colour, spoken of a horse. Farrier's Diet. BAY§, ba. n. s. [bygan, Sax.] An opening into the land. Shak. A pen or pond-head for driving a mill. BAY, ba. n. s. [abboi, Fr.] The state of any thing surrounded by enemies. Bacon. Distance beyond which no approach could be made. Dryden. BAY,ba. n. s. [bay, Germ.] [In architecture.] A term used to signify the magnitude of a building. Build- er's Diet. Any kind of opening in walls. Chamb. BAY 7Vee, .ba'-tree. The laurel. Psalm xxxvii. BAY, ba. n. s. An honorary crown or garland. Browne. Figuratively, learning itself. Drayton. To BAY, ba. v. n. To bark as a dog at a thief. Spenser. To shut in. Sliakspeare. To BAY, ba. v. a. To bark at. Sliakspeare. BAY Salt, ba'-salt. Salt made of sea water, which receives its consistence from the heat of the sun and is so called from its brown colour. Chambers. BAY Window, ba'-wm'-di. A window jutting out ward, and forming a kind of bay or hollow in the room. Sliakspeare. BAY Yum, haZ-yarn 7 . Woollen yarn. Chambers. BA'YARD §, ba/-yard. n. s. [bayart, old Fr.] A bay horse in general. Burton. An unmannerly be- holder. B. Jonson. BA'YARDLY*, ba'-yard-le. a. Blind ; stupid. Bp. Taylor. BAYED*, bade. a. Having bays. See Bay in ar- chitecture. BA'YONET §, ba'-yun-nel. n. s. [bayonette, Fr.] A short sword or dagger fixed at the end of a musket. Woodward. $5= This word is very frequently pronounced bagonet, but chiefly by the vulgar. W. To BA'YONET*, ba'-y&n-net. v. a. To drive for- ward with the bayonet. Burke. BAZA'R*, ba-zar'. n. s. [buzzar, Persian.] Constant market ; a covered market-place. Sir T. Herbert. BAYZE. See Baize. BDELLIUM, del'-y&m. [See Pneumatick.] n. s. \fi6eWiov.~] An aromatick gum brought from the Levant. Cltambers. To BE§, bee. v. n. To have some certain state. Sliak. The auxiliary verb by which the verb pas- sive is formed. Shak. To exist ; to have existence. Dryden. To have something by appointment or rule. Locke. Let be. Do not meddle with. Dryden. BE-ALL*, be-all. n. s. All that is to be done. Shak. BEACH §,' beetsh. 227. n.s. [backar, Goth.] The shore ; the strand. Sliakspeare. BE' ACHED, beetsh'-Sd. a. Exposed to the waves Sliakspeare. BE' ACHY, beetsh'-e. a. Having beaches. Shak. BE'ACQN §, be'-kn. 170. n. s. [beacen, Sax.] Some, thing raised on an eminence, to be fired on the approach of an enemy. Spenser. Marks erected to direct navigators. a. To afford light as a Money paid for To BE'ACON*, be'-kn beacon ; to light up. BE'ACONAGE*, be'-kn-aje. n. s. maintaining of beacons. Minsheu. BE'ACONED, be'-kn-eU a. Having a beacon. T Warton. BEAD §, bede. 227. n. s. [bebe, Sax.] Small globes of glass strung upon a thread, and used by the Ro- manists to count their prayers. Gower. Little balls worn about the neck Shcdc. Any globular bodies. Sliakspeare. BEAD Tree, bede'-tree. A plant. BE'ADLE, be'-dl. 227, 405. n. s. [bybel, barbel, Sax.] A messenger belonging to a court, or pub lick body. Abp. Laud. A petty officer in parishes. Sliakspeare. BE'ADLESHIP* be'-dl-shlp. n. s. The office of a beadle. A. Wood. BE'ADROLL,bede'-r6le. rc. 5. A catalogue of those who are to be mentioned at prayers. Bacon. BE'ADSMAN, beedz'-man. n. s. A man employed in praying, generally for another. Spenser. BE'ADS WOMAN*, beedz'-wum-un. n. s. A wo- man who prays for another. B. Jonson. BE'AGLE, be'-gl. 227, 405. n. s. [bigle, Fr.] A small hound with which hares are hunted. Dryden. BEAK§, beke. 227. n. s. [bee, Fr.] The bill or horny mouth of a bird. Shak. A piece of brass like a beak, fixed at the end of the ancient gallies. Dry- den. Any thing ending in a point like a beak. Co.rew. BE'AKED, be'-ked, or bekt. 362. a. Having a beak, or the form of a beak. Milton. BE'lKER, be'-kur. 98. n. s. [becher, Germ.] A ves- sel for drink. Butler. BEAL§,bele.227.rc.i pimple. To BEAL, bele. v. a. [bolga, Goth.] A whelk or To ripen ; to gather matter, as a sore does. Sherwood. BEAM£, beme. 227. n. s. [beam, Sax,] The main piece of timber that supports the house. Builder's Diet. Any large and long piece of timber. Dry- den. That part of a balance, at the ends of which the scales are suspended. Shak. The horn of a stag. Denham. The pole of a chariot. Dryden. A cylindrical piece of wood belonging to the loom, on which the web is gradually rolled as it is wove. 1 Sam. The ray of light emitted from some lu- minous body, or received by the eye. Sliakspeare. To BEAM*, beme. v. a. To shoot forth ; to emit. To BEAM, beme. v. n. [beamian.] To emit rays or beams. Pope. BEAM Tree, beme'-tree. A species' of wild-ser- vice. BE'AMLESS*, beme'-les. a. Yielding no ray of light. Dryden and Lee. BE'AMY, be'-me. a. Radiant; shining. Milton. Having the weight of a beam. Dryden. Having horns or antlers. Dryden. BEAN §, bene. 227. n. s. [bean, Sax.] The common garden bean. The horse bean. Miner . BEAN Caper, bene'-ka-pur. A plant. BEAN Tressel, bene'-tres-sl. An herb. BE'ANFED* bene'-fed. part. a. Fed with beans Sliakspeare. To BEAR §, bare. 24-0. v. a. pret. bore, or bare ; part, pass, bore, or born, or borne, [beopan, Sax.] To car- ry as a burden. Isa. To convey or carry. Dryden. To carry as a mark of authority. Shak. To carry as a mark of distinction. Hale. To carry as in show. Shak. To carry as in trust. John. To sup- port. Hooker. To keep afloat. Genesis. To sup- port with proportionate strength. Arbvthnot. To carry in the mind, as love, hate. Daniel. To en- dure. Psalms. To suffer ; to undergo. • To per- mit. Hooker. To be capable of. Clarendon. To produce, as fruit. Bacon. To bring forth, as a child. Sliak. To give birth to; to be the native place of. Dryden. To possess, as power or hon- our. Addison. To gain ; to win. Shak. To main- tain; to keep up. Locke. To support anything good or bad. Bacon. To exhibit. Dnjdau ' To bo BEA BEA — no, move, nflr, n6t;— lube, tab, bull ; — 611 ;— pound ;— thin, THis answerable for. Genesis. To supply. Dryden. To be the object of. Shak. To behave ; to act in any character. ShaJc. To hold ; to restrain. Hcyuard. To impei; to urge. Sir J. Hayward. To conduct; to manage. B. Jonson. To press. Shak. To in- cite; to animate. Millon. — To bear date. To carry the mark of the time when any thing' was written. To bear a price. To have a certain value. To bear in hand. To amuse with false pretences. Shak. To bear off. To carry away. Shak. To bear out. To support ; to maintain. Shakspeare. To BEAR, bare. 73. v. n. To suffer pain. Pope. To be patient. Dry den. To be fruitful or prolifick. Bacon. To take effect ; to succeed. Guardian. To act in any character. Shak. To be directed to any point. Boyle. To act as an impellent. SJiak. To act upon. Hayward. To be situated with respect to other places ; as, this mountain bears west of the promontory. — To bear up. To stand firm. SJiak. To bear with. To endure. Shak. BEAR$, bare. 73. n. s. D\ppa, Sax.] A rough sav- age animal. Calmet. The name of two constel- lations, called the greater and lesser bear ; in the tail of the lesser bear is the pole-star. Creech. A de- scription of stock-jobbers, who sell unreal stock. Dr. Warton. BEAR-BAITING*, bare'-ba-tmg. n. s. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. Sluxkspeare. % BEAR-BIND, bare'-blnd. n. s. A species of bind- weed. BEAR-FLY, bare'-fll. n. s. An insect. Bacon. BEAR-GARDEN, bare'-gar-dn. n. s. A place in which bears are kept for sport. Stillingjleet. Any place of tumult. Spectator. BEAR-GARDEN, bare'-gar-dn. a. Rude or turbu- lent. BEAR'S-BREECH, barz'-brltsh. n. s. The name of a plant. Miller. BEAR : S-EAR, barz'-eer. n. s. The name of a plant. BEARS-EAR, or Sanicle. A plant. BE AR'S-FOOT, barz'-fut. n, s. A species of helle- bore. BEAR'S-WORT, barz'-wfirt. 165. n. s. An herb. BEARD §, beerd. 228. n. s. [beanb, Sax.] The hair that grows on the lips and chin. Prior. Beard is used for the face. Hudibras. Beard is used to mark age. Shak. Sharp prickles growing upon the ears of corn. Shak. A barb on an arrow. The beard of a horse is that part which bears the curb of the bridle. Farrier's Diet. $£?* This word, as Dr. Kenrick observes, is frequently pronounced so as to rhyme with herd : but I am of his opinion, that this pronunciation is improper. Mr. Scott and Mr. Perry give it both ways. Buchanan sounds it short, like Mr. Sheridan. W. Johnston makes it rhyme with laird, a Scotch lord : but Mr. Elphinston, who is the most accurate observer of pronunciation I ever met with, gives it as I have done. The stage has, in my opinion, adopted the short sound of the diphthong, without good reason, and in this instance ought not to be followed ; as the long sound is not only more agree- able to analogy, but to general usage. I am glad to find my opinion confirmed by so good a judge as Mr. Smith ; and though the poets so often sacrifice pronunciation to rhyme, that their authority, in these cases, is not al- ways decisive, yet, as Shakspeare says on another oc- casion, " They still may help to thicken other proofs ** That do demonstrate thinly." Othello. " Rail'd at their covenant, and jeer'd " Their reverend persons to my beard." Hudibras. " Some thin remains of chastity appear'd " Ev'n under Jove, but Jove without a beard." Dryden. The impropriety of pronouncing this word as it is heard on the stage, will, perhaps, appear more perceptible by carrying this pronunciation into the compounds, as the false sound of great may be detected by the phrase Al- exander the Great. 241. " Old prophecies foretell our fall at band, " When bearded men in floating castles land. " And as young striplings whip the top for sport, m Vd the smooth pavement of ar smpty court, " The wooden engine flies and whirls about, " Admir'd with clamours of the beardless rout." Dryden. W. To BEARD, beerd. v. a. To take or pluck by the beard. Shak. To oppose to the face. Spenser. BE'ARDED, beerd'-ed. a. Having a beard. Shak. Having sharp prickles, as corn. Milton. Barbed or jagged. Dryden. BE'ARDLESS, beerd'-les. a. Without a beard. Camden. Youthful. Dryden. ! BE'ARER, bare'-ur. n. s. A carrier. Shak. One employed in carrying burdens. 2 Chronicles. One who wears any thing. ShaJc. One who carries the body to the grave. Milton. A tree that yields its produce. Boyle. A post or brick wall raised up between the ends of a piece of timber. [In herald- ry.] A supporter. BE'ARHERD, bare'-herd. n. s. A man that tends bears. Shakspeare. BEARING, bare'-lng. n. s. The site of any thing with respect to something else. Pope. Gesture ; mien. Shak. That which is borne in a coat of arms. Toiler. The situation of any object, esti- mated from some part of the ship, according to her fosition. Chambers. 'ARING-CLOTH^bare'-ing-klStfi. n. s. The cloth with which a child is covered, when carried to church to be baptized. SJmkspeare. BE'ARISH*, bare'-ish. a. Having the quality of a bear. Harris. BE'ARLIKE*, bare'-llke. a. Resembling a bear. Shakspeare. BEARN*, barm n. s. [barn, Goth.] A child. Shak. BE'ARWARD, bare'-ward. n.s. A keeper of bears. Shakspeare. BEASTS, beest. 227. n.s. [beste, Fr.] An animal, distinguished from birds, insects, fishes, and man. Shakspeare. An irrational animal. Shak. A bru- tal, savage man. To BEAST, beest. v. a. A term at cards. BE'ASTINGS. See Biestings. BE'ASTLIKE*, beest'-llke. a. Resembling a beast. Mountagu. BE'ASTLINESS, b&stMe-nes. n.s. Brutality. Spenser. BE'ASTLY, beestMe. a. Brutal. Shak. Having the nature of beasts. Prior. BE'ASTLY*, beestMe. ad. In the manner of a beast. Morality of Every Man. To BEATS, bete. 227,233. v. a. pret. beat, part, pass, beat or beaten, [beat an, Sax.] To strike. 1 Corinthians. To punish with stripes or blows. Shak. To strike an instrument of musick. Shak. To bruise. Numbers. To strike bushes or ground, or make a motion to rouse game. Bacon. To thresh corn. Ruth, ii. To mix things by long and frequent agitation. Boyle. To batter with engines of war. Judges, viii. To dash as water, or brush as wind. Milton. To tread a path. Blackmore. To make a path by marking it with tracks. Locke. To conquer. Shak. To harass; to over-labour. Hakewill. To Jay, or press. Shak. To depress. Hayward. To drive by violence. Dryden. To move with fluttering agitation. Dryden. To beat down. To lessen the price demanded. Dryden To beat down. To sink or lessen the value. Bacon. To beat up. To attack suddenly. Clarendon. To beat the hoof. To walk ; to go on foot. To beat into. To repeat often. Barret. 55= The past time of triis verb is by the English uni- formly pronounced like the present. Nay, except in solemn language, the present, preterit, and participle, are exactly the same ; while the Irish, more agreeably to analogy, as well as utility, pronounce the preterit as the noun bet, a wager ; and this pronunciation, though •contrary to English usage, is quite conformable to that general tendency observable in the preterits of irregu- lar verbs, which is to shorten the vowel that is long in the present, as eat, ate, (often 1 pronounced et ;) hear, heard ; deal, dealt; mean, meant; dream, dreamt; ice. W. To BEAT, bete. v.n. To move in a pulsatory man- ner. Collier. To dash as a flood or storm. Dryden. 127 BEA BED [D 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mk;— pine, phi;— To knock at a door. Judges, xix. To move with frequent repetitions of the same act or stroke. Sluik. To throb ; to be in agitation. Sliak. To fluctuate; to be in agitation. Shak. To try differ- ent ways ; to search. Addison. To act upon with violence. Jonah, iv. To enforce by repetition. Hooker. — To beat up for soldiers ; to raise soldiers. BEAT, bete part, passive. Dryden. BEAT, bete. n.s. Stroke. Manner of striking. Grew. Manner of be„ig struck ; as, the beat of the pulse, or a drum. [In hunting or fowling.] The round taken, when people beat up for game. BE'ATEN, be' BEDI'M, be-dim'. v. a. To make dim. Sidney. To BEDFSMAL* be-diz'-mal. v. a. To make dis- mal. Student, ii. To BEDIZEN, be-d?z'-zn. 103. v. a. [from dizen.] To dress out. Headley. BEDLAMS, Wd'-lum. 88. n.s. [corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a religious house in Lon- don, converted afterwards into an hospital for the mad.] A madhouse. Spelman. A madman. SJiak. BE'DLAM, bed'-l&m. a. Belonging to a madhouse. Shakspeare. BEDLAMITE, bed'-lfim-lte. 155. n.s. A madman. B. Jonson. BE'DMAKER, bed'-ma-kur. n. s. A person in the universities, whose office it is to make the beds. Spectator-. BE'DMATE, bed'-mate. n. s. A bedfellow. Shak. BE'DMOULDING, bed'-m6ld-mg. ) BEDDING-xMOULDING, bed'-dlng-mold-lng. $ n. s. Those members in the cornice which are placed below the coronet. Builder's Dictionarij. To BEDO'TE*, be-dote'. v. a. To make to dole. Chaucer. Ob. T. BE'DPOST, bed'-post. n. s. The post at the corner of the bed, which supports the canopy. Wiseman. BE'DPRESSER, becl'-pre^-sur. n . s. A heavy, lazy fellow. Shakspeare. To BEDRA'GGLE, be-drag'-gl. 405. v. a. To soil the clothes, by suffering them, in walking, to reach the dirt. Swift. To BEDRE'NCH, be-drensh'. v. a. To drench. Sliakspeare. BE'DRID, b&d'-rld. a. [bebpiba, Sax.] Confined to the bed by age or sickness. SJiakspeare. BE'DROOM* bSd'-room n. s. A bedchamber. The privilege of the BE'DRITE, bed'-rlte marriage bed. To BEDRO P, be-drop'. v. a. To besprinkle. Chau- cer. BE'DSIDE* bed'-slde. n.s. The side of the bed. Middleton. BE'DSTEAD, betf-stgd. n. s. The frame on which the bed is placed. Swift. BE'DSTRAW, bed'-straw. n.s. The straw laid under a bed to make it soft. Bacon. BEDSWE RVER, bed'-swer-vur. n. s. One that is false to the bed. Sliakspeare. BE DTIME, bed'-tlme. n. s. [bebfcib, Sax.] The hour of rest. Shakspeare. To BEDU'CK* be-dfik'. v. a. To put under water Spenser. To BEDU'NG, be-dfing'. v. a. Tb manure with dung. Bp. Hall. 7b BEDU'SK*, be-d&sk'. v. a. To smutch. Cot grave. Ob. T. To BEDU'ST, be-dust ; . v. a. To sprinkle with dust. Sherwood. BE DWARD, bed'-ward. ad. Toward bed. Slink. To BEDWA'RF, be-dwarf . i». a. To make little. BEDWORK, bSd'-wurk. n. s. Work done in bed ; work performed without toil of the hands. Shak. To BEDY'E* US', v. a. To stain. Spenser. BEES, bee. n.s. [beo,Sax.] The animal that makes honey. Sha/c. An industrious and careful person. BEE-EATER, bee'-e-tur. «. s. A bird that feeds upon bees. BEE-FLOWER, bee'-flou-ur. n.s. A species of fool stones. Miller. BEE-GARDEN, bee'-gar-dn. 103. «. s. A place to set hives of bees in. Mortimer. BEE-HIVE, bee'-hlve. n. s. The case m which bees are kept. Shakspeare. BEE-MASTER, bee'-ma-stfir. n. s. One that keeps bees. Mortimer. BEECH §, beetsh. n.s. [bece, or boc, Sax.] A tree that bears mast, which is good to fallen swine and deer. Miller. BE'ECHEN, bee'-tshn. 103. a. [becen, Sax.] Be- longing to the beech. Congreve. BEEFS, beef. n.s. [bceuf, Fr.] The flesh of black cattle prepared for food. Shak. An ox, bull, or cow, considered as fit for food. Veut. xiv. BEEF, beef. a. Consisting of the flesh of black cat- tle. Swift. BEEF-EATER, beef-e-tur. n.s. [beaufctier, one who attends at the sideboard.] A yeoman of the BFJEF-W1TTED, beef-w?t-lecL a. Dull; stupid. Shakspeare. BEELD*, beeld. n. s. [behhban, Sax.] Protection ; refuge. Fairfax. BF/EMOL, bee'-m&l. n.s. In musick, a half note Bacon. BEEN, bin. [beon, Sax.] The participle preterit of To Be. Pope. [The present tense plural of To Be. Spenser. Ob.J.) 55= This word, in the solemn, as well as the familiar style, has shared the fate of most of those words, which, from their nature, are in the most frequent use. It is scarcely ever heard otherwise than as the noun bin, a repository for corn or wine, and must be placed among those deviations, which language is always liable to in such words as are auxiliary or'subordinate to others ; for, as those parts of bodies which are the most fre- quently handled grow the soonest smooth by constant friction, so such Words as are in continual use seem to wearofftheir articulations, and become more irregular than others. So low as the age of James the First, I have seen this word spelled byn. TV. BEER, beer. n.s. [Mr, Welsh.] Liquor made of malt and hops. Shakspeare. BE'ERBARREL* beer'-bar-ril. which holds beer. Shakspeare. BEERHOUSE*, beer'-house. n. Gascoigne. BE'ESTINGS. See Biestings. BEET, beet. n.s. [beta, Lat.] The name of a plant. Miller. BE'ETLE $, bee'-tl. 405. n. s. [by eel, Sax.] An insect distinguished by having hard cases or sheaths, un- der which he folds his wings. Sliak. Heavy mal- let, or hammer. Sliakspeare. To BE'ETLE, bee'-tl. v.n. To jut out. SJiakspeare. BE'ETLEBROW* bee'-tl-brdu. n. s. A prominent brow. Sir R. FansJiawe. 129 n. s. A barrel s. An alehouse. BEG BEH 0= 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;- BE'ETLEBROWED^ee'-tl-broud. 362. a. Having prominent brows. Howell. BEETLE HEADED, bee'-tl-hed-ed. a. Logger- headed; wooden-headed. Sliakspeare. BE'ETLESTOCK, bee / -tl-st6k. n. s. The handle of a beetle. Spenser. BE'ETRAVE, beef -rave. ) n , A _ lant BE'ETRADISH^eet'-rad-lsh. \ n ' s ' A plant BE'EVES, be^fe. n.s. [The plural of beef.] Black cattle ; oxen. Milton. To BEFA'LL, be-fawF. t?; a. [bepeallan, Sax.] To happen to. Sliakspeare. To happen to, as good or neutral. Bacon. To BEFA'LL, be-fawl'. v. n. To happen ; to come to pass. — To be/all of. To become of; to be the state or condition of : a phrase little used. To BEFIT, be-fit'. v. a. To suit ; to become. Shak. To BEFO'AM*, be-f6me'. v.a. To cover with foam. Eusden. To BEFOOL, be-f66l'. v. a. To infatuate ; to fool. Mountagu. BEFORE §, be-fore', prep, [beropan, Sax.] Far- ther onward. Dryden. In the front of. Milton. In the presence of. Dryden. In sight of. Sliak. Un- der the cognizance of. Aylife. In the power of. Milton. By the impulse of something behind. Shak. Preceding in time. Dryden. In preference to. Hooker. Prior to. Superiour to. BEFORE, »-e-f6re<. ad. Sooner than. Milton. In time past. Dryden. In some time lately past. Hale. Previously to. Swift. To this time. Hitherto. Dryden. Already. Dryden. Farther onward in place. Sliakspeare. BEFOREHAND, be-fore'-hind. ad. In a state of anticipation. Hudibras. Previously; by way of preparation. Hooker. Antecedently. Atterbury. In a state of accumulation. Bacon. At first. L' Estrange. BEFO'RETIME, be-fbre'-tlme. ad. Formerly. 1 Samuel. To BEFO'RTUNE, be-fcV-tshune. 461. v. n. To happen to. Sliakspeare. To BEFO'UL, be-fdul'. a. [bepylan, Sax.] To v. a. To favour ; to be TbBEFRFEND, be-frend'. kind to. Sliakspeare. To BEFRFNGE, be-frinje'. v.a. To decorate with fringes. Fuller. To BEG §, beg. v. n. [beggeren, Germ.] To live upon alms. Luke, xvi. To BEG, beg. v. a. To ask. Matthew, xxvii. To take any thing for granted. Burnet. To BEGET §, be-geV. v. a. begot, or begat, [beg'et- fcan, Sax.] To generate ; to procreate. Spenser. To produce, as effects. Shak. To produce, as ac- cidents. Denlutm. BEGE'TTER, be-gei'-tftr. 98. n. s. He that procre- ates. Dryden. BE'GGABLE^beg'-ga-bl. a. What may be begged. Butler. BE GGAR, beg'-g&r. 418. n. s. One who lives upon alms. Sam. A petitioner. Dryden. One who as- sumes what he does not prove. TiUotson. To BE'GGAR, beg'-g&r. v.a. To reduce to begga- ry. Shak. To deprive. Shak. To exhaust. Shak. To drive by impoverishing. Bolingbroke. BE'GGAR-MAID*, beg'-gfir-made. n.s. A maid who is a beggar. Sliakspeare. BE GGAR-MAN*, beg'-g&r-man. n.s. A man who is a beggar. Shakspeare. BE'GGAR-WOMAN*, beg'-g&r-wum-un. n.s. She who is a beggar. Sliakspeare. BE'GGARLINESS, beg'-g&r-le-nes. n.s. Mean- ness; poverty. Barret. BE GGARLY, beg'-gur-le. a. Mean ; poor. Shak. BE GGARLY, beg'-gur-le. ad. Meanly. Hooker. BEGGARY, beg'-g&r-e. n. s. Indigence. Sidney. BEGI'LT*, be-gilt'. part. a. Gilded. B. Jonson'. To BEGINS, be-gliV. v.n. 1 began, or begun; I have begun, (beftmnan, SaxJ To enter upon something^ new. Bp. Taylor. To commence any action. Ezelckl, ix. To enter upon existence. Dryden. To have its original. Blackmcre. To take rise; to commence. Dryden. To come : rto act. Dryden. To BEGPN, be-gln'. v.a. To do the first act of any thing. Pope. To trace from, as the first ground. Locke. To enter upon. Government of the Tongue. BEGPN*, be-gln'. n. s. For beginning. Spenser. BEGFNNER, be-gln'-nfir. 95. n.s. He that gives the first cause. Spenser. An unexperienced at- tempted Sidney. BEGINNING, be-gln'-nlng. 410. n.s. The first orig- inal or cause. Swift. The entrance into act, or being. Genesis, i. The state in which any thing first is. Denfiam. The rudiments, or first grounds. Dryden. The first part of any thing. Broome. BEGI'NNINGLESS*, be-gln'-ning-les. a. What hath no beginning. Barrow. To BEGl'RD, be-gerd'. 160. v.a. I begin, or begird- ed. [be£ypban, Sax.] To bind with a girdle. To surround. Milton. To shut in with a siege. Clar- endon. To BEGPRT, be-gert'. v. a. To begird. B. Jonson. BE'GLERBEG, beg'-ler-beg. n.s. [Turkish.] The chief governour of a province among the Turks. Ricaud. To BEGNA'W, be-naw'. v.a. [be£na#an 7 Sax.] To bite ; to eat away. Shakspeare. BEGO'NE, be-gon'. interj. Go away; hence; haste away. Cliaucer. BEGO RED*, be-g6rd'. part. a. Smeared with gore. Spenser. BEGO'T, be-got'. ' ) The participle pas- BEGO TTEN, be-g6t'-tn. 103. } sive of the verb beget. Ecclus. viii. To BEGRA'VE*, be-grave'. v. a. [begraven, Teut.l To bury. Goiver. To engrave. Gower. Ob. 1 . To BEGRE'ASE, be-greze'. v.a. To soil or daub with fat matter. Minslieu. To BEGRIME, be-grlme'. 160. v.a. To soil with dirt deep impressed. Crowley. To BEGRUDGE*, be-gr&dje'. v.a. To envy Standard of Equality. I To BEGUILE, be-gyile'. 160. v.a. To impose upon. Colossians, ii. To deceive. Sliakspeare. To amuse. Sliakspeare. BEGUFLER*, be-gylle'-ar. n.s. One who beguiles. To BEGUFLTY*, be-gll'-te. v. a. To render guilty. Bp. Sanderson. BE' G U1N* , ba'-gln. n. s. [beguin, Fr.] A nun of a particular order. Colgrave. BEGU'N, be-gfin'. The preterperfect tense of begin. Sir J. Davies. BEHA'LF, be-haf. 78,403. n.s. [behepe, Sax.] Favour ; cause favoured. ClareuLon. Vindication ; support. Sidney. To BEHA'PPEN*, be-hap'-pn. v. n. To happen to. Spcnsei'. To BEHA'VE$, be-have'. v.a. [pel-behopen,Sa*.] To carry ; to conduct. 2 Maccabees, ii. To sub- due ; to discipline. Spenser. To BEHA'VE, be-have'. v.n. To act; to conduct one's self. BEHA'VIOUR, be-have'-yur. 294. n.s. Manner of behaving one's self. Sidney. External appear ance. Sidney. Gesture. Sidney. Elegance of manners. Bacon. General practice. Locke. To BEHE'AD, be-hed'. v. a. To deprive of the head. Clarendon. To BEHE'L*, be-hel'. v. a. To torture as with the pains of hell. Hewyt. be-h&d'. part, passive, from behold. BEHE'LD, Pope. EEHE'MOTH, be'-he-m&tfi. n.s. [Heb.] The ele- phant. Calmet. BE'HEN, be'-hen. ) n. s. Valerian roots. Also a BEN, ben. ) fruit resembling the tamarisk. Diet. BEHE'ST, be-hSst'. n. s. [be and haere, Sax.] Com- mand ; precept. Sidney. 2b BEllFGHT, be-hlte'. v.a. prel.be1iot.parl.be- hight. [behefcan, Sax.] To promise. Spenser. To 130 BEL BEL — n6, move, n6r, not ;— tube, t6b, bull 5 — ftll ;— pdund;— thin, intrust. Spenser. To call ; to name. Spenser. To command. Spenser. To adjudge. Spenser. ! To address. Spenser. To inform. Chaucer. To mean. Mir. for Magistrates. To reckon. Spenser. BEHIND $, be-hlnd 7 : [See Wind.] prep, [behm- dan, Sax.] At the back of. Knolles. On the back ?arl. Mark, v. Towards the back. Judges, xx. 'ollowing another. 2 Samuel, iii. Remaining- af- ter the departure of. Shak. Remaining after death. Pope. At a distance from something. Dryden. lnferiour to. Hooker. On the other side of. Drtiden. BEHIND, be-hlnd'. ad. Out of sight. Locke. Most of the former senses may become adverbial by sup- pressing the accusative case ; as. I left my money behind, or behind me. BEHINDHAND, be-hlnd'-hand. ad. In a state in which rent or profit, or any advantage, is antici- pated. Locke. Not upon equal terms, with regard to forwardness. Spectator. Backward ; tardy. Shakspeare. To BEHO'LDS, be-h6ld'. v. a. pret. I behdd, 1 have beheld, or belwlden. [behealban, Sax.] To view ; to see. in an emphatical sense. Ezckiel, xl. BEHOLD. bz-hokV. inter]. See; lo. Milton. BEHO'LDEN, be-h6l'-dn. 103. part. a. [gehouden, Dutch.] Obliged ; bound in gratitude. Shakspeare. BEHO'LDER. be-h6l'-dur. n. s. Spectator. Shak. REHO'LDING, be-h6l'-d'mg. 410. a. Obliged. BEHOLDING, be-h6l'-dlng. n. s. Obligation. Ca- ret v. BEHOLDINGNESS, be-h6ld'-mg-nes. n.s. The state of being obliged. Donne. To BEHO'NEY*. be-hfin'-ne. v. a. To sweeten with honey. Shencood. BE HOOF §, be-h66t\ n. s. [behepe, Sax.] That which behoves ; profit; advantage. Spenser. BEHO OVABLE*, be-ho5v'-a-bl. a. Fit ; expedient. ToBEHO'OVE, be-h6iV. v.n. [behopan, Sax.] To be fit ; lo be meet. Hooker. BEHO'OVEFUL, be-h66v'-ful. a. Useful 3 profita- ble. Spenser. BEHO'OVEFULLY, be-hodv'-ful-le. ad. Usefully. SjKnser. BEHO'T* be-hot', preterit of beliight. To promise. Sjxnser. BEHO'VABLE*, be-hd6v'-a-bl. a. Profitable ; use- ful. BEHO'VE*, be-hS6v'. n.s. Advantage; behoof. Gascoigne. Ob. T. To BEHOVED, be-hoov'. v.n. [behopan, Sax.] To be fit ; to be meet. Wicklitfe. BEHO'VEFUL*, be-h66v'-ful. a. Fit; expedient. Bp. Sanderson. BEHO'VELY*, be-h66v'-le. a. Profitable. Gower. To BEHO' WL*, be-h6iil'. v. n To howl at. Shak. BE TNG, be'-lng. 410. particip. [beonb, Sax.] Exist- ing. Atterbury. BE'lNG, be'-Ing. n.s. Existence. Hooker. A par- ticular state. Dryden. The person existing. Dry- den. BF/ING, be'-Ing. conjunct. Since. Pearson. BE'ING-PLACE*, Be'-mg-plase. n.s. An exist- ence. Spenser. BE IT SO, be'-it-s6. A phrase of anticipation, sup- pose it be so ; or of permission, let it be so. Sliak. To BEJA'DE*, be-jade'. v.a. To tire. Milton. To BEJA'PE*, be-jape'. r. a. To laugh at ; to de- ceive. Cluiucer. Ob. T. To BEKI'SS* be-kls'. v.a. To salute. B. Jonson. To BEKNA'VE*, be-nave'. v.a. To call knave Pom. ToBEKNO'W*, be-n6'. v.a. To acknowledge Oiaucer. Ob. T. To BELABOUR, be-lk'-b&r. v.a. To beat; to thump. Drvden. Tc BELA'CE, be-lase'. v.a. To fasten. Diet. BELA'CED*, be-laste'. part. a. Adorned with lace Beaumont. To BELA'M*, be-lam'. v. a. To beat ; to bang. BE'LAMY, bel'4-me. n. s. [bel amie, Fr.] A friend an intimate. Spenser. Ob. J. BET. AMOUR, beT-a-moor. n.s. [bel amour, Fr.l Gallant; consort. Spenser. To BELA'TE$#, be-late', v.a. To retard; to make too late. Dav-enant. BELA'TED, be-la'-tid. a. Benighted. Milton. BELA'TEDNESS*. be-la'-lSd-nSs. n. s. Slowness Milton. To BELA'VE*, be-lave'. v. a. To wash. Cockeram To BELA'WGIVE* be-law'-glv. v.a. To give a law to. Milton. To BELA'Y,be-la'. v.a. To block up. Dryden. To attack ; to besiege. Gmver. To decorate ; to lay over. Spenser. To BELAY a rope. [Sea term.] To splice ; to mend a rope, by laying one end over another. To BELCH §, mm. v.n. [bealcan, Saxj To eject the wind from the stomach. Davies. To issue out as by eructation. Psalm lix. To BELCH, belsh. v. a. To throw out from the stom- ach. Shakspeare. BELCH, belsh. 352. n.s. The act of eructation. A cant term for malt liquor. Dennis. BE'LCHING*, belsh'-fng. n. s. Eructation. Barret. BE'LDAM, bef-dam. 88. n. s. [belle dame, Fr.] An old woman. Shakspeare. A hag. Sidney. To BELE'AGUER*,be-le'-gur. v.a. [beleggeren. Dutch.] To besiege. Dryden. BELE' AGURER, be-le'-g&r-ur. n. s. One that be sieges a place. Sherwood. To BELE'AVE*, be-leve'. v. a. To leave. May. To BELEE', be-lee'. v. a. To place in a direction unsuitable to the wind. Shakspeare. BELEMNPTES, be-lem-nl'-tez. n, s. [fc'Aoj.] Ar- row-head, or finger-stone. To BELE'PER*, be-lep'-pur. v.a. To infect with the leprosy. Beaumont and Fletclier. BE'LFLOWER, bel'-fl6ur. n. s. A plant. Miller. BE'LFOUNDER, bel'-f6un-dur. n. s. He who founds or casts bells. Bacon. BE'LFRY, beF-fre. n.s. [belfroii, old Fr.] The flace where the bells are rung. Gay. LGA'RD, bel-gard'. n.s. [belle egard, Fr.] A soft glance. Spenser. Ob. J. To BELPBEL*, be-ll'-bel. v.a. To traduce. Fuller To BELLE, be-U'. v. a. To counterfeit. Dryden. To give the lie to. Dryden. To calumniate. ShaJc. To give a false representation of. Shakspeare. To fill with lies. Shakspeare. BELI'EF, be-leei 7 . n. s. Credit given. Wotton. The theological virtue of faith. Hooker. Religion, Llooker. Persuasion ; opinion. Milton. The thing believed. Bacon. A form containing the articles offailh. BELPEVABLE, be-lee'-va-bl. a. Credible. Sher- wood. To BELFEVE$, be-leev'. v.a. feelypan, Sax.] To creuit. Locke. To put confidence in. Exodus, xix. To BELPEVE, be-leev 7 . v.n. To have a firm per suasion of. Exod. iv. To exercise the theological virtue offailh. Rcnnans, x. BELPEVER, be-lee'-vur. 98. n. s. He that believes. Hooker. A professor of Christianity. Hooker. BELI'EVINGLY, be-lee'-ving-le. ad. After a be- lieving manner. BELPKE, be-like', ad. Probablv. Sidney. BELI'KELY*. be-like'-le. ad. Frobably. Bp. Hall. BELPVE, be-llve'. ad. [bilive, Sax.] Speedily; quickly. Spenser. BELL§, bfil. n.s. [bel, Sax.] A vessel, or hollow body of cast metal, formed to make a noise by the act of some instrument striking against it. Shak. Any thing in the form of a bell, as trie cups of flow- ers. Sliak. A small hollow globe of metal perfo- rated, and containing in it asolid ball, which, when it is shaken, by bounding against the sides, gi-es a sound. Slutk. — To bear the bell. To be the firsi Spenser. To BELL, bel. v. n. To grow in buds in the form of a bell. Mortimer. BELL-FASHIONED, bel'-fash-find. a. Having the form of a bell. Mrriimer. 131 BEL BEN O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, rah ;— pine, pin [Ital.] The BELLADO'NNA*, bel-la-ddn'-na. n. s, deadly nightshade. BELLE, bel n.s. [beau, belle, Fr.] A smart "young lady. Pope. BE'LLED* b&d. a. Having bells affixed to it. BELLES LET TRES, bef-la'-tur. n.s. [Fr.] Po- lite literature. Taller. BE'LLIBONE, bel'-le-b6ne. n. s. [belle and bonne, Fr.] A woman excelling both in beauty and good- ness. Spenser. Ob. J. BELLFGERANT, bgl-lfdje'-e-rant. 518. ? n BELLFGEROUS, be^-lidje'-e-rfis. 314, 518. ) a ' [bellig-erans, Lat.] Waging war. Diet. ZbBELLFGERATE* bel-lldjV-e-rate. v.n. To make war. Cockemm. BELLFGERENT* bel-lidjV-e-r&n. a. Carrying on war. Ld. Chesterfield. BE'LLING, beT-lmg. n.s. [bellan, Sax.] The noise of a roe, in rutting time. Diet. BELLFPOTENT, bel-%'-p6-tent. 518. a. [bellipo- tens, Lat.] Puissant } mighty in war. Diet. BELLIQUE*, beT-lik. a. (bellique, old Fr.] War- like ; martial. Feltham. BE'LLITUDE*, belMe-tude. n Beauty. Cotkeram. Ob. T. To BE'LLOW, beT-16. 327. v. n make a noise as a bull. Shak. lent outcry. Shak. To vociferate. Dryden roar as the sea. Spenser. BE'LLOW*, belMo. n. s. Roar. BELLOWING* beT-16-mg. n.s. Loud noise ; roaring. Sir T. Herbert. BE'LLOWS, beJM&s. n. s. [balgs, balgeis, Goth.] The instrument used to blow the fire. Sidney. $C]r The last syllable of this word, like that of gallows, is corrupted beyond recovery into the sound of lus. IV. BE'LLUINE, belMu-lne. 149. a. [belluinus, Lat.] Beastly. Atterbury. BE'LLY^beT-le. 182. n.s. [balg part of the human body which reaches breast to the thighs, containing the bowels. Shak. In beasts, thatpart of the body next the ground. Genesis,in. The womb. Shak. That part of man which requires food. Hayivard. The part of any thing that swells out into a larger capacity. Bacon. Any place in which something is enclosed. Jonah, s. [belliiudo, Lat.] fbellan, Sax.] To To make any vio- To Goth.) That from the To swell into a larger ca- a. To fill; to swell out. To BE'LLY, belMe. v pacity. Manilius. 7'oBE'LLY*, bel'-le. Shakspeare. BE'LLYACHE, b&Me-ake. 355. ». 5. The cholick. Beaumont, and Fletclier. BE'LLYBAND*, beiMe-baiid. n. s. The girth which fastens the saddle of a horse in harness. Sherwood. BE'LLYBOUND, bel'-le-b6und. a. Costive. BE'LLYCHEER*, bel'-le-tsheer. n.s. Good cheer. Chaucer. BELLY-FRETTING, beT-le-fVSt-ting. n.s. The chafing of a horse's belly with the foregirt. A great pain in a horse's belly, caused bv worms. Diet. BE'LLYFUL, beT-le^ful. n. s. As much food as fills the belly. BE'LLYGOD, belMe-g&d. n.s. A glutton. Halce- will. BE'LLY-PINCHED, bef-le-plntsht. a. Starved. Shakspeare. BE LLYROLL ? bef -le-r6le. n. s. A roll so called from entering into the hollows. Mortimer. BE'LLYSLA VE*, belMe-slave. n.s, A slave to the appetites. Homily. BE'LLYTIMBER, belMe-um-bfir. n. s. Food. Hu- dibras. BE LLYWORM, bgl'-le-wurm. n. s. A worm that breeds in the belly. Ray. BE'LMAN, b&'-man. 88. n, s. He whose business it is to proclaim any thing, and to gain attention by ringing his bell. Shakspeare. BE'LMETAL, ber-mgt-t]. 405. n. s. The metal of which bells are made ; being a mixture of five parts copper with one of pewter. Bacon. To BELO'CK, be-lok'. v. a. [belocen, Sax.] To fasten with a lock. Gower. BE'LOMANCY, bef-16-man-se. n.s. [fromfr'Xoc and uavrsia J Divination by arrows. Brown. To BELO'NG $, be-long', v. n. [belangen, Dutch.] To be the property of. Ruth, ii. To be the province or business of. Sliak. To adhere to. St. Luke, ix. To have relation to. 1 Sam. xxx. To be the qual- ity of. Cheyne. BELONGING* be-long'-fng. n.s. Quality. Shak. To BELO VE*, be-hV. v. a. To love. Ob. T. BELO'VED, be-hV-ecl. pan. Loved ; dear. Shak. #5" This word, when an adjective, is usually pronounced in three syllables, as, a beloved son ; and when a parti ciple in two, as, he was much beloved. See Principle* No. 362. W. BELOW, be-UV. prep. Under in place, time, or dig- nity. Shak. Inferiour excellence. Felton. Unwor- thy of. Dryden. BELO'W, be-16'. ad. In the lower place. Bacon. On earth. Smith. In hell. Dryden. To BELOWT, be-lSut'. v. a. To treat with oppro- brious language. Camden. Ob. J. BE LRINGER*, bel'-rir.g-ur. n. s. He who rings bells. Bah. BELSWA'GGER, bel-swag'-gur. n. s. A whore- master. Dryden. BELT§, b&t.n.s. [belt, Sax.] A girdle. Shakspeare. To BELT*, b£lt. v. a. To encircle. Warton. BE'L WETHER, beT-werH-ur. n. s. A sheep which leads the flock with a bell on his neck. Spenser. To BELY'. See To Belie. BE' MA*, be'-ma. n. s. [%a.] Chancel. Sir G. Wlieler. To BEMA'D, be-mad'. v. a. To make mad. Shak. To BEMA'NGLE^be-mang'-gl. v. a. To tear asun- der. Beaumont. To BEMA'SK*, be-mask'. v. a. To hide 3 to conceal. Shelton. To BEMA'ZE*, be-maze'. v. a. To bewilder. Cmv- per. To BEMF/TE*, be-mete'. v. a. To measure. Shak. To BEMFNGLE*, be-mfn'-gl. v. a. To mix. Mirror for Magistrates. To] a. To drag in the mire. a. To cover as with a a. [bemsenan, Sax.] To BEMFRE, be-mW. Bp. Taylor. To BEMFST*, be-nuV. mist. Feltham. ToBEMO'AN^e-m&ne' lament. Job, xlii. BEMO'ANABLE*, be-mone'-a-bl. a. That which may be lamented. Sherwood. BEMO'ANER, b£-m BERA'IN* be-rane'. v. a. To rain upon. Chau- cer. Ob. T. To BERA'TTLE, be-rat'-tl. v. a. To fill with noise. Shakspeare. To BERA'Y* be-ra'. v. a. To foul ; to soil. Milton. BE'RBERRY, bar'-beY-re. 555. n. s. [berberis.] A berry of a sharp taste, used for pickles. Bacon. BERE* beer. n.s. [bepe, Sax.] Barley. Huloet. To BERE' AVE §, be-reve'. v. a. pret. I bereaved, or bereft, part, bereft, [bepeapian, Sax.] To strip of; to deprive of. Shak. To take away from. Slia/c. BERE AVEMENT, be-reve'-ment. n. s. Depriva- tion. Diet. BERE'FT, be-reTt'. pari. pass, of bereave. Dryden. BERG. See Burrow. BE'RGAMOT, beV-ga-m&t. n. s. [hergamotte, Fr.] A sort of pear. A sort of essence, or perfume, drawn from a fruit produced by ingrafting a lemon tree on a bergamotpear stock. A sort of snuff. BE'RGERET*, ber'-je-ret. n. s. [bergerette, Fr.] A song. Cliaucer. Ob. T. BE'RGMASTER, bgrg'-ma-sr&r. n. s. [bep£, Sax. ■and master.'] The bailiff, or chief officer, among the Derbyshire miners. BE y RGMOTE, berg'-mote. ft. s. [bep$ and mote, Sax. I A court held upon a hiil among the Derby- shire miners. Blount.' To BERH Y'ME, be-rlme'. v. a. To mention in rhyme. Shakspeare. BERLFN, ber-fiV. n. s. [fr. Berlin, where they were first made.] A coach of a particular form. Swift. To BERO / B,be-r6b / . v. a. [birauban, Goth.] To rob ; to plunder. Spenser. BE'RRY$,beV-re. n.s. [bepi£, Sax.] Any small fmit, with many seeds or stones. Spenser. A hil- llock; a mound. A corruption of barrow. W. Browne. To BE'RRY, beV-re. v. n. To bear berries. BERT, berL {beojit, Sax.] Bright. Gibson. BERTH. See Birth. BE RTRAM, ber'-tram. 88. n. s. Bastard pellitory. BE'RYL, ber'-ril. n. s. [beryllus, Lat.] A kind of precious stone. Milton. To BESA'INT*, be-s<\i>t'. v. a. To make a saint of. Hammond. To BESCA'TTER*, be-skat'-tar. v. a. To throw loosely over. Spenser. T« BESCO'RN*, be-sk6rn'.r.a.To mock at. Cliau. To BESCRA'TCH*, be-skratsh'. v. a. To tear with the nails. Chaucer. To BESCRAWL*, be-skrawl'. v. a. To scribble over. Milton. To BESCRE'EN, be-skreen'. v. a. To cover with a screen. Shakspeare. To BESCRFBBLE*, be-skrlb'-bl. v. a. To write on. Milton. To BESCU'MBER*, be-sk&m'-bur. v. a. To load with something useless. B. Jonson. To BESE'ES*. be-see'.'v. n. part, beseen. [bej-eon, ■SaxJ To look ; to mind. Wiclijfe. To BESE'ECH$, be-seetsh 7 . v. a. pret. I besouglit, I have besought, (jecan, Sax.] To entreat. Shak. To beg. Milton. BESE'ECH* be-seetsh/. n. s. Request. Beaumont and Fletcher. BESE'ECHER*, be-seetsh'-ur. n. s. He who makes request. Shakspeare. To BESE'EK^be-seek'. v. a. [ r ecan, Sax.] To re- quest; to beseech. Chaucer. To BESE'EMS, be-seem'. v. a. [beziemen, Dutch.] To become ; to befit. Hooker. BESE'EMING*, be-seem'-ing. n. s. Comeliness. Barret. BESE'EMLY*, be-seem'-le. a. Fit; becoming. Shenstone. BESE'EN, be-seen'. part. Adapted; adjusted. Spenser, To BESE'T, be-set'. v. a. [beraefcan, Sax.] To be- siege. Shak. To waylay. Shak. To embarrass. Sliakspeare. To fall upon. Spenser. To BESHFNE*, be-shW. v. n. To shine upon. Cliaucer. To BESHRE'W, be-shroo'. v. a. [bej-ypepian, Sax.] Gower. To wish a curse to. Dryden. To happen ill to. Shakspeare. To BESHU'T*, be-shut'. v. a. To shut up. Cliaucer Ob. T. BESFDE, be-slde'. ) prep. At the side of another. BESFDES, be-sldes'. S Fairfax. Over and above. Sir J. Dories. Not according to, though not con- trary. Bp. Bramhall. Out of. Shakspeare. BESFDE, be-slde'. ) ad. More than that. Shak. BESFDES, be-sldes'. \ Not in this number. Genesis, xix. Except. Decay of Christian Piety. BESFDERY, be-sF-dre. n. s. A species of pear. To BESFEGE§, be-seeje'. v. a. [from siege.] To be- leaguer; to lay siege to. Deuteronomy, xxviii. BESFEGER, be-see"-j&r. 98. n. s. One employed in a siege. Swift. To BESPT*, be-sH'. v. a. To suit; to become. Spenser. Ob. T. To BE'SLAYE^be-slave'. v. a. To subjugate. Hall. To BESLFME*, be-sllme'. v. a. To soil ; to dawb. B. Jonson. To BESLU'BBER, be-sl&b'-bur. v. a. To dawb. v. a. To bed awl He which soils [bismait, Goth.] To a. [bej*nipeb, Sax.] To ■are. ToBESME'AR?, be-smeer'. Spenser. To soil. Shakspeare. BESME'ARER*, be-smeer'-ur. n. s or besmears any thing. Sherwood. To BESMIRCH, be-smeYtsh'. v. a. To soil ; to dis- colour. Shakspeare. Ob. J. To BESMO'KE, be-sm6ke'. v. a. To foul with smoke. To harden or dry in smoke. To BESMU'T, be-smut'. v. a soil with smoke or soot. To BESNO'W*, be-sn6'. v. scatter like snow. Gower. BESNU'FFED*, be-snuft'. a. Smeared with snuff. Young. BE'SOM, be'-zfim. n. s. [be]*m, Sax.] An instmment to sweep with. Bacon. To BESO'RTS, be-scW. v. a. To suit; to fit. Shak. BESO'RT, be-sdrt'. n. s. Company ; train. Shak. ToBESO'T^, be-sot'. v. a. To infatuate. Milton. To make to doat. Shakspeare. BESOTTEDLY*, be-s&t'-t^d-le. ad. In a foolish, besotted manner. Milton. BESO'TTEDNESS*, be-sSt'-tgd-nes. n. s. Stupid- ity ; infatuation. Milton. BESO'UGHT, be-sawt'. part, passive of beseech. To BESPA'NGLE, be-spang'-gl. v. a. To adorn with spangles. Pope. To BESPATTER, be-spat'-tur. v. a. To soil by throwing filth. Government of the Tongue. To as- perse with reproach. Swift. To BESPA/WL, be-spawl 7 . v. a. To daub with spit- tle. Milton. To BESPE'AK §, be-speek'. v.a. bespoke, or bespake ; I have bespoke, or bespoken. To order beforehand. Shak. To make way by a previous apology. Dryden. To forebode. Swift. To speak to; to address. Spenser. To betoken; to show. Addi. BESPE'AKER, be-spee'-kur. n. s. He that bespeaks any thing. Wotton. To BESPE'CKLE, be-spSk'-kl. v. a. To mark with speckles. Milton. To BESPE'T*, be-spel'.u.a. To daub with spittle Chancer. Ob. T. To BESPE'W, be-spi'. v. a. To daub with spew or vomit. ToBESPFCE, be-spW. v. spices. Shakspeare. To BESPFT, be-splt'. v. a. Wicliffe. To BESPO'T, be-sp6t'. v. a. Bp. Rainbow. To BESPRE'AD, be-spred'. Dryden. BESPRE'NT*, be-spr^nt'. part. [be]-ppen$an, Sax.} Besprinkled. Spenser. Milton. To BESPRFNKLE §, be-sprlnk'-kl. v. a. [bespren- kelen, Dutch.] To sprinkle over. Dryden. BESPRFNKLER* be-sprfnk'-l&r. n. s. He Aa4 sprinkles any thing. Sherwood. a. To season with- To daub with spittfe.. To mark with spots. v. a. To spread over. BET BEV — n6, move, nor, not ;— tube, tub, bull ;— oil ;•— pound ;—ih\n, THis. To BESPFRT*, or BESPU RT*. be-spurt'. v.a. To throw out scat'eringly. Milton. To BESPUTTER, be-sput'-tor. v. a. To sputter over. BEST$, be"st. a. The superlatii'e from good, [bept, Sax.] Most good ; that which has good qualities in the highest degree. 1 Samuel, viii. Ihe best.] The utmost power. Shak. — To make the best. To J improve to the utmost. Bacon. BEST, bfet. ad. In the highest degree of goodness. BEST is sometimes used in composition ; but in the lollowing and similar words it is arbitrary : besi- he/oird. best-betrust, test-conditioned, best-resolved, best-tempered. To UESTA'IN, be-stane'. v. a. To mark with stains. Slui/cspeare. To BESTE'ADjbe-sted'. v. a. [from stead.] To profit. .Milton. To treat; to accommodate. Isaiah, viii. To dispose. Spenser. BE'STlALsS beV-tshe-al. 464. a. Belonging to a beast. Dryden. Brutal. Slux/cspeare. t^j-Thh word is sometimes improperly pronounced with the e long, as if written beastial, whereas it comes di- rectly from the French bestial ; and ought to be pro- nounced as if written best-yal, 272. " A hare, who, in a civil way, 11 Complied with ev'ry thing, like Gay, " Was known to all the bestial train " That haunt the woods or scour the plain." Gay. W. BESTIA'LITY, bes-tshe-al'-e-te. n. s. The quality of beasts. Arbuthnot. ToBE'STIALIZE*, beV-tshe-al-lze. v. a. To make like a beast. Phil. Letters on Physiognomy. BESTIALLY, bes'-tshe-al-le. ad. Brutally. To BESTFCK, be-stlk'. v. a. To stick over with any thing. Milton. To BESTI'R, be-steV. 109. To put into vigorous action. MUton. BE'STNESS* be\st'-nes. n. s. The most excellent state. Bp. Morton. To BESTORM*, be-sldrnV. v.n. To rage. Young. To BESTOW §,be-sto'. v. a. [beptanban, Sax.] ! To give. Sidney. Sometimes with to. Clarendon. I To give as charity or bounty. Hooker. To give I in marriage. Shak. To give as a present. Dryden. To apply. Swift. To lay out upon. Devi. xiv. To lav up. 2 Kings, v. BESTOWAL*, be-sto'-al. n. s. Disposal. BESTOWER. be-st6'-ur. 98. n. s. Giver. Staling. To BESTRA'DDLE*, be-strad'-dl. v. a. See To Bestride. BESTRAUGHT, be-strawt'. part. Distracted; mad. Shakspeare. To BESTRE'W, be-stro'. v.a. [beptpypeb, Sax.] To sprinkle over. Milton. To BESTRI'DE, be-strlde'. v. a. I bestrid; I have bestrid, or bestridden, [bevtpiban, Sax.] To stride over any thing. Shak. To step over. Shak. To ride on. Shakspeare. To BESTU'D, be-st&d'. v. a. To adorn with studs. Draijton. To BESWFKE*, be-swlke'. v. a. [beppican, Sax.] i To allure. Gower. BET§, bet. n. s. [peb. Sax.] A wager. Prior. To BET, bet. v. a. To wager. Shakspeare. BET. The old preterit of beat. Bacon. To BETA'KE, be-take'. v. a. pret. I betook ; part, pass, betaken, [betaecan, SaxJ To commit, or in- trust, or deliver. Spenser. To have recourse to. Hooker. To apply. Dryden. To move ; to re- move. Spenser. BETA'UGHT* be-tawt'. pret. of betake. Chancer. Ob. T. To BETE'EM, be-teem'. i\ a. To bring forth. Spen. BETEL*, be^-tl. n. s. An Indian shrub. Sir. T. Herbert. To BETHFNK§,be-*/dnk'. v.a. I bethought ; I have bethought. To recall to reflection. Sidney. To BETHFNK* be-tfi'ink'. v. n. To consider. Spenser. BETHLEHEM*, bto'-Wm. n. s. [See Bedlam.] An hospital for lunaticks. BE'THLEHEMITE, b&/i'-le-em-lte. n. *. A luna- tick. To BETHRA'L, be-i/iralh 406. v. a. To enslave Spenser. To BETHU'MP, be-Mamp'. v. a. To beat. Shak. To BETIDE $*, be-tlde'. v. a. pret. It betided, or be- tid; part. pass, betid, and betiglit. [tib, Sax.] To happen to; to befall. Spenser. To BETIDE, be-tlde'. v. n. To come to pass. Spenser. To become. Shakspeare. BETl'ME, be-time'. ) ad. Seasonably. Shak. Soon. BETPMES, be-tlmz'. $ Spenser. Early in the day. Shakspeare. BETLE, be'-tl. )n.s. A plant called water pep- RE'TRE, be'-tr. \ per. To BETOKEN, be-t6'-kn.w. a. To signify. Hooker To foreshow. Thomson. BE TONY, betM6-ne. n. s. [betonica, Lat.] A plant, greatly esteemed as a vulnerary herb. BETO'RN*, be-l6rn'. part Violently separated. To disturb. Sliak. To Occleve. Sackville. To BETO'SS, be-t6s'. v. a. toss into the air. Shelton. To BETRA'P*, be-trap'. v. a. To ensnare. Ob. T. To BETRAT §, be-tra'. v. a. [betpo£an ? Sax.] To give into the hands of enemies by treachery. 1 Chron. xii. To discover that which has been in- trusted to secrecy. To expose to evil by revealing something intrusted. Milton. To make known something that were better concealed. Watts. To make liable to fall into an inconvenience. King Charles. To show; to discover. Milton. BETRA'YER, be-tra'-ur. n. s. A traitor. Hooker. ToBETRI'M, be-trim'. v. a. To deck; to dress Shakspeare. To BETROTH §, bb-trtth'. v. a. [betroioen, Dotch.J To contract to any one, in order to marriage Spenser. To have as affianced by promise of mar riage. To nominate to a bishoprick, in order to consecration. Ayliffe. BETROTHMET>JT*, be-tr6. a. To bemoan. Shak. To BEWAIL, be-wale'. v. n. To express grief. Shakspeare. BEWA'ILABLE* be-wale'-a-bl. a. That which may be lamented. Sherwood. BEWAILING*, be-walt -lug. n. v. a. To keep awake. n. To regard with cau- Lamentation Raleigh. To BEWA'KE* be-wake Grower. To BE WA'RE, be-ware'. tion. Dryden. ToBEWE'EPS, be-weep'. v. a. [bepepan, Sax.] To weep over. Sliakspeare. To BEWE'EP*, be-weep'. «• «• To weep. Shak. ToBEYVE'T, be-wet'. v. a. To wet. Titus An- droniais. To BEWHO'RE*, be-hSSr 7 , or be-h6re'. v. a. To corrupt with regard to chastity. Beaum. and Ft. To pronounce a whore. Shakspeare. To BEWFLDER, be-wll'-d&r. 515. v. a. To per- plex ; to entangle. Dryden. To BEWFNTER* be-wm'-tur. v. a. To make like winter. Cowley. To BE WFTCH §, be-wltsh'. v. a. To injure by witch- craft. Shakspeare. To charm. Sidney, b. li. BEWFTCHER*, be-witsh'-ur. n. s. One who be- witches. Stafford. BE WITCHERY, be-wltsh'-ur-e. 555. n. s. Fascina- tion. South. BEWFTCHFUL*, be-wltsh'-ful. a. Alluring. Mil- ton. BEWFTCHING* be-wltsh'-lng. n.s. The act of bewitching. Sfierwood. BEWFTCHINGLY* be-whW-fng-le.od. In an al- luring manner. Hallywell. BE WFTCHMENT, be-witsh/-ment. n. s. Fascina- tion. Shakspeare. BE WONDERED*, bh-wim<-dtiird.part. a. Amazed. Fairfax. To BEWRAT*, be-rap'. v. a. To cover over. Mir. for Magistrates. To BEWRAY, be-ra'. 474. v. a. [pjie*an, Sax.] To betray. Spenser. To show ; to make visible. Sidney. BEWRA'YER, be-ra'-flr. n. s. Betrayer ; discover- er. Addison. To BEWRE'CK*, be-rek'. v. a. To ruin; to destroy. Mirror for Magistrates. BEWRO'UGHT* be-rawt'. part. Worked. B. Jonson, BEY*, ba. n. s. [beg, Turkish.] A governour of a Turkish province. Rycaut. BEYOND, be-y&nd'. prep. [be$eonb, Sax.] Be- fore. Pope. On the farther side of. Devi. xxx. Farther onward than. Herbert. Past; out of the I reach of. Shak. Above ; proceeding to a greater degree than. Sidney. Above in excellence. Dry- den. Remote from. Dryden. — To go beyond is to deceive. Sidney. t£T There is a pronunciation of this word bo obviously wrong as scarcely to deserve notice ; and that is sound- ing the like a, as if the word were written beyand. j Absurd and corrupt as this pronunciation is, too many of the people of London, and those not entirely unedu- cated, are guilty of it. W. BEYO'ND*, be-y&nd'. ad. At a distance ; yonder. Spenser. BEZA'NT*, or BESA'NT*, be-zant'. n. s. [besant, Fr.] The current coin of old Byzantium, which was of gold. BE'ZEL, I bez'-ll. n. s. That part of a ring in BE'ZIL, ) which the stone is fixed. BE'ZOAR §, be'-z&re. n. s. [pa, against, and zahar, poison, Persick.] A medicinal stone, formerly in nigh esteem as an antidote ; brought from the East Indies. Chambers. BEZOA'RDICK*, b^z-o-arZ-dlk. a. Composed of bezoar. Student. BEZOA'RDICKS, bez-&-ar'-dlks. n.s. Medicines compounded with bezoar. Floyer. BEZOA'RTICAL*, bez-o-ar'-le-kal. a Having the quality of an antidote. To BE'ZZLE$*, bez'-zl. v. a. [beskr, old Fr.] To waste in riot. Milton. BIA'NGULATED, bl-ang'-gu-la-ted. )a.[binus and BIAN'GULOUS, bl-ang'-gu-lfis. 116. $ wgulus, Lat.] Having two corners or angles. Did. BFAS$, bl'-as. 88. n.s. [biais, fr.] The weight lodged on one side of a bowl, which turns it from the straight line. Shak. Any thing which turns a man to a particular course. Shakspeare. Propen- sion ; inclination. Dryden. To BFAS, bl'-as. v. a. To incline to some side. Sir R. Fanshaice. BFAS-DRAWING* bl'-as-draw-Ing. n. s. Partiality. Shaksjpeare. BFASNESS*, bl'-as-n&s. n. s. Inclination to some side. BIB §, bib. n. s. A small piece of linen put upon the breasts of children over their clothes. Beaumont and Fletcher. To BIB, bib. v.n. [bibo, Lat.] To tipple. Camden. BIBA'CIOUS, bl-ba'-shus. 118. a. [bibax, Lat.] Ad- dicted to drinking. Diet. §£?=■ Ferhaps the first syllable of this word may be con- sidered as an exception to the general rule. J17. W. BIBA'CITY, bl-bas'-e-te.n. s. The quality of drink- ing much. BI'BBER, blb'-bur. 98. n. s. [biberon, Fr.] A tip- pler. Prov. xxiii. BIBBLE-BABBLE*, blb'-bl-bab'-bl. n. s. Prating; idle talk. Sliakspeare. BFBLE §, bl'-bl. 405. n. s. [Bi&hov, a book; called, by way of excellence, The Book.'] The sacred vol- ume in which are contained the revelations of God. Government of the Tongue. BFBLICAL*, blb'-le-kaH a. Relating to the Bible. , Abp. Newcome. BIBLIOGRAPHER, blb-le-&g'-gra-ffir. n. s. [8l8- \bs and ypdfu).] A man skilled in the knowledge of books. Did. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL* bib-le-o-graf'-e-kal. ) BIBLIOGRA'PHICK*, blb-le-6-graf-lk. \ a ' Relating to the knowledge of books. BIBLIOGRAPHY $*, bib-le-dg'-ra-fe. n. s. The science of a bibliographer. BIBLIOMANIA*, blb-le-o-ma'-ne-a. n. *. [BiBliov and fxavia.] The rage of possessing scarce or cu- rious books ; book-madness. BIBLIOMA'NIACK*, blb-le-o-ma'-ne-ak. n. s. He who is smitten with a rage for books. BIBLIO'POLIST*, blb-le-6p'-6-llst. n. s. [BiBYiov and TT0)\tiv.'\ A bookseller. BIBLIOTHE'CAL, blb-le-&tfi'-e-kal. a. Belonging to a library. Did. BIBLIO'THECARY*, blb-le-&tfi'-e-ka-re. n. s. [BiBXlov and 0>//«7.] A librarian. Bp. Hall. BIBLIOTHE'KE* blb-le- German, a double guard.] BFVOUAC, be'-voS-ak. ) A guard at night perform- ed by the whole army. The warfare of recent times has often given occasion for the use of this word, or of the verb bivouac ; as, the enemy bivou- acked in front of our camp. BFPAROUS, bip'-pa-i-fis. 503. a. [binus and pario, Lat.] Bringing forth two at a birth. 55= This word and bipedal have the i long in Dr. Ash and Mr. Sheridan ; but Mr. Perry makes the i in the first long, and in the last short. Analogy, however, seems to decide in favour of tke sound I have given it. For though the penultimate accent has a tendency to lengthen the vowel, when followed by a single conso- nant, as in biped, tripod, &c. the antepenultimate ac- cent has a greater tendency to shorten the vowel it falls upon. — See Bigamy and Tripod. 503. W. BFPARTITE, bip'-par-tlte. 155. a. [binus and par- tior, Lat.] Having two correspondent parts Glanville. #Cf* Every orthoepist has the accent on the first syl'able of this word, but. Entick, who places it on the second ; but a considerable difference is found in the quantity of the first and last i. Sheridan and Scott have them both long, Nares the last long, Perry both short, and Buchanan and W. Jolinston as I have done it. The varieties of quantity on this word are the more surpris- ing, as all these writers that give the sound of the vowels make the first i in tripartite short, and the last long; and this uniformity in the pronunciation of one word ought to have led them to the same pronunciation of the other, so perfectly similar. The shortening power of the antepenultimate accent is evident in both. 503. W. BIPARTFTION, bl-par-tish'-un. n. s. The act of dividing into two. BFPED, bi'-p^d. 118. n.s. [bipes, Lat.] An animal with two feet. Brown. BFPEDAL, bip'-pe-dal. 503. [See Biparous.] a. Two feet in length ; or having two feet. BIPE'NNATED, bl-pen'-na-ted. 118. a. [hinu> and penna, Lat.] Having two wings. Derliam. BIPE'TALOUS^l-peV-ta-lfis. 118. a. [bis, Lat. and ireraXov.] Consisting of two flower leaves. Diet. BPQUADRATE, bl-kwa'-drate. 91. )n.s. [In al- BIQUADRA'TICK, bl-kwa-draF-ik. ) gebra.J The fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a square by itself. Harris. BIQUADRA'TICK, bl-kwa-drat'-ik. a. Relating to the fourth power in algebra. BIRCH Tree§. burtshMre. [bipc,Sax.] A tree with 138 BfS BIT — n6, move, n6r. not ;— tube, tfib hull ;—6il ;— prtimd;— thin, this. leaves like those ot the poplar : the shoots are very slender. Miller. BIRCH Wtne*. Wine made of the vernal juice of birch. T. Wartori. BFRCHEX. niV-tshn. 103. 403. a. [bipcene. Sax.] Made of birch. Beaumont and Fletcher. ;X; ' in Englishman may blush at this cluster of conso- nants for a syllable ; ami yet this is unquestionably the exact pronunciation of the word; and our language is full of these syllables without vowels. — See Princi- ples, No, 103, 405. W. BIRD*, burd. 108. n. s. [bipb, or bjiib, Sax.] A general term for the feathered kind. Shakspeare. To BIRD. biVd. v.n. To catch birds. Shakspeare. BFRDBOLT, bitrd'-bolt. n.s. An arrow, formerly used for shooting' at birds. Shakspeare. BIRDCAGE, burd'-kaje. n. s. An enclosure in which birds are kept. Arbidhnot. BFRDCALL*; burd'-kawl. n.s. A pipe with which fowlers allure birds, by the imitation of their notes. Cotgrave. BI'RDCATCHER, burd'-kdtsh-ur. 89. n.s. One whose employment it is to take birds. L' Estrange. BIRDER, burd'-ur. 98. n.s. A birdcatcher. Mn- sheu. BIRD-EYE*, bfird'-l. a. A word often applied to pictures of places, seen from above, as by a bird. Burke. BIRD-EYED* bfird'-lde. a. As the eve of a bird 3 quick. B. Jonson. BIRD-FANCIER*. burdMan-se-ur. n. s. # One who delights in birds. BFRD1NG -PIECE, bfirdMrig-pees. n. s. A fowling piece. Shakspeare. Bl'RDLIKE*, burd'-Ilke. a. Resembling a bird. Xlcrols. BIRDLIME, bfird'-llme. n.s. A glutinous substance, bv which birds are entangled. Chambers. Bacon. BFRDLIMED* bfird'-fim'd. a. Spread to ensnare. Howell. BFRDMAN, b&rd'-rnin. 88. n.s. A birdcatcher. IJ Estrange. Bl RDS-CHERRY,burdz'-tsher-re. n.s. A plant. BI RDSEYE, bfirdz'-l. n.s. A plant. BFRDSEYE View. See Bird-eye. BFRDSFOOT. bfirdz'-f fit. n. s. A plant. BFRDSXEST*. hurdz'-nSst. n.s. An herb. Vict. BFRDSNEST, bflrdz'-nest. n.s. The place built by birds, where thev deposit their eggs. BFRDSTARES, bflrdz'-starze. n.s. A plant. BFRDSTONGUE.burdz'-tung. n. s. An herb. 'Diet. BI'RGANDER, beV-gan-dfir. ». s. A fowl of the jroose kind. Diet. BTRT. bert. n.s. A fish; the iurboi. BIRTHS bhth. 108. n.s. [beonS, Sax.] The act of coming into life. Shak. Extraction. Denham. Rank by descent. Shak. The condition in which any man is born. Drijdm. Thing born ; produc- tion. Shak. The act of bringing forth. Milton. BFRTHDAY, bert^-da. n.s. The day on which any one is born. Milton. The anniversary of one's birth. Shakspeare, A composition of Shakspeare. BFRTHNIGHT, berfV-nite, n. s. The night on which any one is born. Milton. The anniversary of one's birth. Pope. BFRTHPLACE, berf/V-plase. n.s. Place where any one is born. Shakspeare. BFRTHRIGHT, bertV-rite. n.s. The rights to which a man is born. Shakspeare. BFRTHSONG*, bertft'-song. n. s. A song sung at the nativity of a person. Fuz-geffry. BIRTHSTRA'NGLED, beWstrang-gld. 359. [See BircheS.] a. Strangled in being born. Shakspeare. BFRTrFW ORT, beW-wfirt. 166. ft. s. The name of a plant. BFSCOTI^bh'-kb-th. n.s. [Fr.] A confection I made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs. BFSCUIT, b&'-Ht. 341. 7?. s. [bis, Eat. and cnit, baked.] A kind of hard, dry bread, baked for long j voyages four times. Knolles. fine Hour, almonds, and sugar. To BISE'CTJ, bl-sekt'. 118, 119. v. a. [bis and seco, Lat.] To divide into two parts. Brown. BISECTION, bi-sek'-shun. 118. n.s. The division of any quantity into two equal parts. BISE''GMENT#, bl-seg'-ment. «. s. One of the parts of a line divided into two equal halves. Diet. BFSHOPi blsh'-up. 1G6. n.s. [bircop, Sax.] One of the head order of the clergy. Aijliffe. BISHOP, blsh'-up. n. s. A cant wordfbr a mixture of wine, oranges, and sugar. Swift. TV BI'SHOP, Msh'-flp. v. a. [bi r ceopob, Sax.] To confirm ; to admit into the church. Donne. jBFSHOPLIKEVbish'-np-like. ) a. Belonging to a BFSHOPLY* bish'-Gp-le. \ bishop. Fulke. jBFSHOPRICK, blsh'-up-rik. n.s. [bipcoppice, | Sax.] The diocess of a bishop. Bacon. BFSHOPSWEED. bish'-ups-weed. n. s. A plant. BFSHOPSWORT*, bish'-ups-wurt. n. s. A plant. BISK, bisk. n.s. [bisque. Fr.l Soup: broth. Kins:. BFSKET. See Biscuit. BFSMUTHj htz'-mQ/ft. n. s. Marcasite ; a hard, white . brittle, mineral substance, found at Misnia. Quincu. EPSON* bl'-sn. n, s. [bison, Fr.] A kind of wild ok Cotgrare. BISSE'XTILE, bis-seks'-tll. 140. n, s. [bis and sex tilis, Lat.] Leap year. Brown. ; 05= Mr. Scott places the accent on the first syllable of i this word ; Dr. Kenrick on the first and last ; Jjlr. Sheri- i dan, Dr. Johnson, W. Johnston, Dr. Ash, Buchanan, i Perry, Entick, and Bailey, on the second ; Mr. Scott, Dr. j Kenrick, and W. Johnston, pronounce the last i long, J as in tile. But as the accent is on the second syllable 1 bv so great a majority, analogy determines the last i to I be short. TV. i BFSSON, InV-sun. 166. a. [bij-en, Sax.] Blind. Shakspeare. BTSTRE, bis'-tir. n.s. [Fr.] A colour made of chimney soot boiled, and then diluted with water 5 used bv painters in washing their designs. BFSTORT, bls'-lort. n. s. [bistorta, Lat.] A plant ; snake-weed. BJ/STOURY, bfsMur-e. 314. ». s. [bistouri, Fr.] A surgeon's instrument for making incisions. Chimb. BISU'LCOUS, bl-sfil'-kfis. a. [bisidcus, Lat'.] Clo- venfooted. Brown. BIT§, b?t. n.s. fbifcol, Sax.] The iron appurtenances of a bridle. Farrier's Diet. The BITS*. Two main p-ieces of timber, to which the cable is fastened when the ship rides at anchor. BITS, bit. n.s. As much meat as is put into the mouth at once. Shak. A small piece of any thing. Dry. den. A Spanish West Indian silver coin, valued at seven-pence halfpenny. To BIT, bit. v. a. To put the bridle upon a horse. BITCH, blteh, n. s. [bicca, bicce, Sax.] The female of the canine kind. Spenser, A name of reproach for a woman. Pope. To BITE vS bite. v. a. pret. I bit, part. pass. I have bit, or bitten, [bit an, Sax.] To crush with the teeth. Shak. To give pain by cold. Shak. To IDOM. berf/i'-dfim. n.s. Privilege of birth, j hurt or pain with reproach. Roscommon. To cut • to wound. Shak. To make the mouth smart Chaucer. To cheat ; to trick. Pope. BITE, bite. n. s. The seizure of any thing by the teeth. Dryden. The act of a fish that takes the bait. Walton. A cheat 3 a trick. Swift, A sharper, BFTER, bl'-tur. 98. n. s. He that bites. Camden. A fish apt to take the bait. Walton. A tricker 3 a deceiver. Spectator. BPTING* bl'-t?ng. n. s. The act of biting. Wisdom, I xvi. Wounding * ith censure or reproach. Donne. BFTINGLY* bl'- tlng-le. ad. Jeeringly. Harrington. BFTLESS*, blt'-les. a. Not having a bit or bridle. Sir R. Fanshawe. BFTTACLE, blt / -ta-kl. 405. n. s. A frame of timber in the steerage of a ship, where the compass is placed. Diet. BI'TTEN, blt'-tn. part. pass, from To bite. BFTTER$. WtMftr. 98. a. [bicen, Sax.} Having a 139 BLA BLA [CF 559.-— Fate, far, fall, fat ;-me, met ;— pine, pin ] hot acrid taste. Bacon. Sharp ; cruel. Shak. Calamitous. Amos, viii. Painful ; inclement. Dryden. Sharp ; reproachful. Sfiak. Mournful j afflicted. Job, iii. In any manner unpleasing or hurtful. Watts. BFTTER*, bit'-tfir. n. s. Any thing bitter. Locke. In medicine, a bitter plant, bark, or root. BFTTERFUL*, bSt'-tfir-ful. a. Full of bitterness. Cluxucer. Ob. T. BFTTERGOURD, blt'-tfir-gArd. n.s. The name of a plant. BT'TTERLY, bSt'-tar-le. ad. With a bitter taste. \n a bitter manner. Zeph. i. Sharply ; severely. Sprat. BFTTERN, bft'-ttirn. 98. n.s. {butor, Fr.] A bird with long legs, and a long bill, which feeds upon fish. Walton. BFTTERN, bit'-turn. n. s. A very bitter liquor, used in the preparation of Epsom salt. Quincy. BFTTERNESS, bit'-t&r-nes. n. s. A bitter taste. Locke. Malice. Clarendon. Sharpness. Shak. Satire. Bacon-. Sorrow. Shakspeare. BITTERSWEET, bit'-tur-sweet. n.s. An apple which has a compound taste of sweet and bitter. SOKtk. BFTTERVETCH, bit'-tiVvetsh. n, s. A plant. BFTTERWORT, bit'-t&r-wurt. n. s. An herb. BFTTOUR, bft'-tfir. n. s. The bittern. Dryden. BITU'ME. be-tume'. n.s. Bitumen. May. BITU'MED*, be-uWd'. a. Smeared with pitch. Shalcspeare. B1TU'MEN§, be-uV-men. 118,503. n.s. [Lat.] A fat unctuous matter dug out of the earth, or scummed off lakes. Bacon,. QCf This word, from the propensity of our language to the antepenultimate accent, is often pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, as if written bW-u-men ; and this last mode of sounding the word may be considered » as the most common, though not the most learned pro- nunciation. For Dr. Ash is the only orthoepist who place's the accent on the first syllable ; but every one who gives the sound of the unaccented vowels, except Buchanan, very improperly makes the I long, as in idle ; but if this sound be long, it ought to be slender, as inthe second syllable of visible, terrible, <&c. 117, 551. W. BITU'MINOUS, be-tiV-me-nus. 118. a. Having the nature of bitumen. Bacon. BIVA'LVE, bl'-valv. 118. a. [binus and valvce, Lat.] Having two valves or shutters. Woodicard. BIVA'LVULAR, bl-val'-vu-lar. a. Having two valves. Diet. BFVIOUS* bl'-ve-ns. a. [bivius, Lat.] That leadeth different wavs. Brown. To BFVOUAC*. v. n. [Germ.] To continue under arms all night. See Bio vac. BFXWORT, biks'-wurt.n.s. An herb. Diet. BFZANTINE, bk'-an-tlne. 149. n. s. [from Byzan- tium.'] A great piece of gold, valued at fifteen pounds, which the king offereth upon high festival days. Camden. OCT Perry is the only orthoepist who pronounces the last i in this word short : and Dr. Johnson remarks, that the first syllable ought to be spelled with y, as the word arises from the custom established among the emperors of Constantinople, anciently called Byzantium. W. To BLAB §, blab. v. a. [blabberen, TeuL] To tell what ought to be kept secret. Shale. To tell ; in a good sense. Sliakspeare. To BLAB, blab. «. n. To tattle ; to tell tales. Sliak. BLAB, blab. n. s. A telltale. Bacon. BLABBER, blab'-bur. n. s. A telltale. Sherwood. To BLA'BBER, blab'-bur. v. n. To whistle to a horse. To falter ; to fib. . BLA'BBERLIPPED. See Blobberlipped. BLACK §,blak. a. [blac,Sax.] Of the colour of night. Proverbs, vii. Dark. 1 Kings, xviii. Cloudy of countenance. Shak. Horrible ; wicked. Dryden. Obscure. Archdeo£on Arnway. Dismal. SJiak. BLACK-BROWED, blak'-broud. a. Having black eyebrows. Shakspeare. BLACK-BRYONY, blak-brV-6-ne. n. s. The name of a plant. BLACK-CATTLE, blak'-kat-tl. n. s. Oxen, bulls, and cows. Swift. BLACK-EARTH, blak-ert/i'. n. s. Mould. Wood- ward. BLACK-EYED*, blak'-lde. a. Having black eyes. Dryden. BLACK-FACED*, blakMaste. a. Having a dark or black face. ShaJcspeare. BLACK-GUARD, blag'-gard. 332. n.s. A dirty fel- low ; probably first applied to those mean depend- ants, in great houses, who carried coals to kitchens, halls, &t\ Stanihurst. BLACK-JACK*, blak'-jak. n. s. The leathern cup of elder times. Milton. BLACK-LEAD, blak-leiV. n. s. A mineral in the lead mines, used for pencils. Peaclmm. BLACK -MAIL, blak'-male. n.s. A certain rate paid to men allied with robbers for protection. Con-el. BLACK-MOUTHED*, blak'-mouTH'd. a. Using foul language ; scurrilous. Killingbeck. BLACK-MONDAY*, blak-nnV-de. n.s. Easter- Monday, which in the 34th of Edw. III. happened to be full dark of mist and hail, and so cold, that many men died on their horses' backs with the cold. Stowe. BLACK-PEOPLED*, blak-pe'-pld. a. Having peo- £le of a black colour. Sandys. ACK-PUDDING, blak-pud'-dnig. n. s. A kind of food made of blood and grain. Hudibras. BLACK-ROD, blak-r6d'. n. s. The usher belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the black rod he carries in his hand. He is of the king's chamber, and likewise usher of the parliament. Coicel. BLACK- VISAGED*, blak-viz'-ldj'd. a. Having a black appearance. Marston. BLACK, blak. n. s. A black colour. Shak. Mourn- ing. Hales. A blackamoor. That part of the eye which is black. Digby. A stain. Rowley. To BLACK, blak. v. a. To blacken. Boyle. BLA'CKAMOOR, blak'-a-more. n.s. A man by na- ture of a black complexion. Locke. BLA'CKBERRDZD Heath, blak'-ber-rld-he&fc. A plant. BLACKBERRY, blak'-ber-re. n.s. [blacbepian, Sax.] The fruit of the bramble. Shakspeare. BLACKBIRD, blak'-burd. n. s. The name of a bird. Carew. BLACKCOCK*, blak'-kok. n.s. The heath-cock. Boswell. To BLA'CKEN, blak'-kn. 103. v.a. To make black Prior. To darken. South. To defame. South. 7^ BLA'CKEN, blak'-kn. v.n. To grow black. Dryden. BLA'CKENER* blak'-kn-fir. n. s. He who black ens any thing. Slierwood. BLA'CKISH, blak'-ish. a. Somewhat black. Boyle BLACKLY*, blak'-le. ad. Darkly, in colour. Sack- ville. Atrociously. Feliham. BLA'CKMOOR, blak'-mire. n. s. A negro. Brown. BLA'CKNESS, blak'-nes. n.s. A black colour. Locke. Darkness. Shakspeare. Atrociousness. BLACKSMITH, blak'-smfc/t. n.s. A smith that works in iron ; so called from being very smutty. Howell. BLA'CKTAIL, blak'-tale. n.s. A kind of perch ruffs, or popes. BLACKTHORN, blak'-^dm. n.s. The sloe. Hab- ington. BLA y DDER§, blad'-dur. 98. n. s. [blabbpe, Sax.] That vessel in the body which contains the urine. Ray. A blister 5 a pustule. BLA DDER-NUT, blad'-drtr-nut. n.s. A plant. BLA'DDER-SENNA, blad'-dfir-sen'-a. n. s. A plant. BLA'DDERED*, blad'-d&rd. a. Swoln like a blad- der. Dryden. BLADE §, blade, n, s. [blaeb, bleb. Sax.] The spire of grass before it grows to seed. Bacon. BLADE, blade, n. s. The sharp part of a weapon distinct from the handle. Spenser. A brisk man either fierce or gay, called so in contempt. Fid ler. 140 I3LA BLE -116, mm e, nor, not ,— tube, tub, bull ;— oil 5— pound ;— tlun, thi Jfe7- BLADE oftf* Shoulder. la.s. The scapula, BLA DEBONE, blade'-b6ne. $ of scapular bone. P0})€. To BLADE, Wide. r. a. To furnish with a blade. BLA DEI), bla -ded. a. Having blades or spires. Shcucspeare. BLA DESMITH*, blade'-snu7/i. n.s. A sword cut- ler. Hidoet. BLAIN, blane. n. s. [ble^ene, Sax.] A pustule ; a botch. Exodus, ix. BLA MABLE, bla-ma-bl. 405. a. Culpable. Dmd. BLAMABLEXESS, bla'-md-bl-nes. n.s. Culpab'le- mss. Whiilock. BLA'MABLY. bla'-ma-ble. ad. Culpably. Aijliffe. To BLAME §, blame, r. a. [blamer, Fr.] To censure. Shflkspeare. To blemish. Spenser. BLAME, blame. 7?. s. Imputation of a fault. Hay- ward. Crime. Hooker. Hurt. Spenser. 2'oblame means without, excuse. Shakspeare. BLAMEFUL, blame'-ful. a. Criminal. Shakspeare. BLAMELESS, blame'-l£s. a. Guiltless ; innocent. Wisdom- x. BLAMELESSLY, blame'-les-le. ad. Innocently. Hammond. BLA'MELESSNESS, blame'-les-n§s. n.s. Inno- cence. Hammond. BLA MER. bla'-mur. 98. n. s. A censurer. Donne. BLAMEWORTHINESS*. blame'-wur-THe-nes. n. s. What is deserving blame. A. Smith. JEWnRTWV hlimo/.uriir. Martin To BLANCHE blansh. v. a [blanchir, Fr.] To whiten. Shak. To strip or peel off. Wiseman. To slur : to balk. Bacon. To BLANCH, blansh. v.n. To evade; to shift. Ba- con. BLA'NCHER, blan'-shfir. 98. n. s. A whitener BLAND §, bland, a. \blandus, Lat.] Soft ; mild. ion. BLANDA'TION*, blan-da'-sh&n. n. s. A piece of flatterv. Camden. BLAND1LOQ.UENCE*, blan-dil'-o-kwense. n. s. Fair and flattering speech. Gloss. Anglicana Nova. ToBLANDISH, blan'-dish. v. a. [blandir, Fr.] To smooth ; to soften. Chaucer. BLA NDISHER*, blan'-dish-ur. n.s. Onewhoblan- lishes. Cotsrave. BLANDISHING*, blau'-dish-kg. n.s. Blandish- ment. Beaumont. BLANDISHMENT, blan'-dlsh-ment. n.s. Act of fondness. Spenser. Soft words. Bacon. Kind treatment. Dryden. BLANKS, blank a. [Maw, Fr.] White. Without writing. SJiak. Pale ; confused. Without rhyme. Sliakspeare. BLANK, blank, n. s. A void space on paper. Swift A lot, by which nothing is gained. Shak. A paper from which the writing is effaced. Dryden. A pa- per unwritten. Shak. The point to which an ar- row is directed. Shak. Aim ; shot. Shak. Ob- ject to which any thing is directed. Shaksjxare. To BLANK, blank, v. a. To damp ; to confuse. Shakspeare. To efface ; to annul. Spenser. BLA'NKET, blank'-h. 99. n. s. [blanchette, Fr.] A woollen cover, spread commonly upon a bed. Shakspeare. A kind of pear. To BLA'NKET, blank' -k o. a. To cover with a blanket. Sluik. To toss in a blanket. B. Jonson. BLA'NKETING*, blank'-lt-kg. n, s. Tossing in a blanket. Pope. BLA'NKLY. blank'-le. ad. In a blank manner. To BLARE, blare, v. n. [blaren, Dut.] To bellow 5 to roar. Skinner. To BL ASPHE'ME $, bias-feme', v. a. [blaspliemo, low Lat.] To speak in terms of impious irreverence of God. 1 Kinss, xxi. To speak evil of. Shakspeare. To BL ASPHE'ME, bias-feme': r. n. To speak blas- Milt.on. Milton. phenxy_._Shak8pear< ASPHE'MER, blas-fe'-mur. n. s. A wretch that speaks of God in impious 4 erms. 1 Timothy, i. BLASPHE'MLNG* blas-feme'-mg. n. s. The act of blasphemy. Sir E. Sandys. BLA'SPHEMOUS, blas'-fe-m&s. a. Impiously irrev- erent with regard to God. Sidney. 9^5=* We sometimes hear this word pronounced with tho accent on the second syllable, like blaspheme ; and ad the word blasphemus in Latin has the second syllable long, and the English word has the same number of syl- lables, it has as good a right to the accent on the second syllable, as sonorous, bitumen, acumen, Sec. ; but plac- ing the accent, on the first syllable of blasphemous is by much the most polite ; as, unfortunately for the other pronunciation, though a learned one, it has been adopt- ed by the vulgar. 503. W. BLA'SPHEMOUSLY, blas'-fe-mus-le. ad. With wicked irreverence. Swift. BLA'SPHEMY, blas' ; fe-me. n. s. An offering of some indignity, or injury, unto God himself, either bv words or writing. Ayliffe. BLAST §, blast, n. s. [blae]-t, Sax.] A gust or "puff of wind. Sfiak. The sound made by blowing any instrument of wind musick. Shale. The stroke of a malignant planet. Job, iv. To BLAST, blast, v. a. To strike with some sudden plague. Shak. To make to wither. Shak. To in- jure 5 to make infamous. Slillingfleet. To cut off. Arbutluwt To confound. Shakspeare. BLASTER*, blast'-ur. n. .?. One who strikes as with a blast. Beaumont and Fletcher. BLA'STMENT, blast'-ment. n. s. Blast. Shakspeare. Ob. J. BLA'TANT, bla'-tant. a. [blaltant, Fr.] Bellowing as a calf. Dryden. To BLATCH*. See To Blotch. ' BLATERA'TION, blat-tur-a'-shun. n.s. Lat.] . Noise. Coles. BLATEROON*, blat-tur-roon'. n.s. A babbler, Howell. To BLA'TTER, blat'-tur. v.n. [blateren, Teut.] To make a senseless noise. Spenser. BLAY, bla. n. s. A small river fish ; a bleak. BLAZES, blaze, n. s. [bla]-e, Sax.] A flame. Shak. Publication. Milton. Blaze is a white mark upon a horse, descending from the forehead almost to the nose. Farrier's Diet. To BLAZE, blaze, v. n. To flame. Bacon. To be conspicuous. To BLAZE, blaze. «. a. To publish. Sidney. To blazon. Spenser. To set a white mark on trees, by paring off a part of the bark, in order to then- being sold or felled. BLA'ZER, bla'-zur. 98. n. s. One that spreads re- ports. Spejiser. TbBLA'ZON, bla'-zn.l70. v. a. [blasonner, Fr.] To explain, in proper terms, the figures on ensigns ar- morial. Addison. To deck. Garth. To display. Shak. To celebrate. Shak. To blaze about. Titus Andronicus. BLA'ZON, bla'-zn. n. s. The art of drawing coats of arms. Peacham. Show ; divulgation. Sluxk. Cel- ebration. Sliakspeare. BLA'ZONER*, bla'-zn-ur. n. s. A herald 5 also an evil speaker. Cotgrave. BLA'ZONRY, bla^zn-re. n. s. The art of blazoning Peacham. BLEA*, ble. n. s. That part of a tree which lies 1m mediately under the bark. Chambers. To BLEACH §, bleetsh. v. a. [bleichen, Germ.] To whiten. Shakspeare. To BLEACH, bleetsh. v.n. To grow white. Shak. BLE'ACHER*, bleetsh'-ur. n.s. A bleacher of clothes. BLE'ACHERY* bleetsh'-e-re. n.s. The place where the bleacher exercises his trade. Pennant. BLEAK§,bleke.a. [blsec, Sax.] Pale. Gower. Cold 3 chill. Shakspeare. BLEAK, bleke. n. s. A small river fish. Walton. BLEAKNESS, bleke'-nes. 71. s. Coldness ; chilness. Addison. Paleness. Sherwocd. BLE'AKLY* bleke'-le. ad. Coldly. May. BLE'AKY, ble'-ke. a. Bleak ; cold. Dryden. BLEARS, bleer. a. [blaer, Dutch.] Dim v'-th rheum or water. Bacon. Dim. Milton. BLEAR-EYED', bl.'er'-Jde. a. Having sore eyes. 141 BLI BLO O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel j— pine, p?n ;— Sackville. Having an obscure understanding - . But- ler. To BLEAR, bleer. v.-a. To make the eyes watery. Shakspeare. To dim the ej'es. Raleigh. BLE'AREDNESS, bltt'-red-nes. 365. n. s. The stale of being bleared. Wiseman.. To BLEAT §, blete. v. n.. [blsetan, Sax.] To cry as a sheep. Shakspeare. BLEAT, blete. n. s. The cry of a sheep or lamb. Chapman. BLE'ATING* blete'-mg. n. s. The cry of lambs or sheep. Bale. BLEB, bleb, n. s. A blister. Sprat. BLEE*, ble. n. s. [bleo, Sax.] Colour; complexion. Cliaucer. Ob. T. To BLEED, bleed, v. n. pret. I bled; I have bled. [bleban, Sax.] To lose blood. Shak. To die a violent death. Pope. To lose blood medicinally. To drop, as blood. Pope. To BLEED, bleed, v. a. To let blood. Pope. BLATE. ( a - BashfuL To BLE'MISH§, blemish, v. a. [blesmer, Fr.] To mark with any deformity. Sidney. To defame. Dnjden. BLE'MISH, blem'-lsh. n. s. A mark of deformity. Leviticus, xxiv. . Reproach. Hooker. A soil ; taint. Sidney. BLEMISHLESS*, blem'-Ish-les. a. Without blem- ish or spot. Feltham. BLE'MISHMENT*, blem'-ish-ment. n. s. Disgrace. Bp. Morton.' To BLENCH $, blensh. 352. v.n. To shrink. Shak. To BLENCH, blensh. v. a. To hinder. Carew. BLENCH*, blensh. n. s. [blencke, Teut.] A start. Shakspeare. BLE'NCHER*, blensh'-fir. n. s. That which may frighten. Sir T. Elyot. To BLEND §, blend, v. a. preter. I blended; ancient- ly, blent, [blenban, Sax.] To mingle together. Shakspeare. To confound. Hooker. To pollute. Spenser. To blind. Spenser. BLE'NDER, blen'-dur. n. s. The person that min- gles. Siierwood. BLENT, blent. The obsolete participle of blend. To BLESS §, bles. v. a. preterit and participle, blessed or blest. [blej*fian, Sax.] To make happy. Shak. To wish happiness to. Deut. xxxiii. To consecrate by a prayer. St. Matt. xiv. To praise ; to celebrate. Hooker. BLE'SSED, bles'-sed. 361. part. a. Happy. St. Luke, xxiii. Holy and happy. St. Luke, i. Happy in the joys of heaven. Revelation, xiv. Having re- ceived the benediction of another. Pope. BLE'SSED Thistle. The name of a plant. BLE'SSEDLY, bles'-sed-le. ad. Happily. Sidney. ELE'SSEDNESS, bles'-sed-nes. n. s. Happiness; felicity. Sidney. Sanctity. Shak. Heavenly feli- cit}'. South. Divine favour. Rom. iv. BLE'SSER, bles'-sfir. 98. n. s. He that blesses. Bp. Taylor. BLE'SSING, bleV-slng. 410. n. s. Benediction, l' Pet. iii. A declaration by which happiness is promised in a prophetick and authoritative man- ner. Bacon. Any of the means of happiness, Isa. xi.\. Divine favour. Shakspeare. BLEST, blest, 361. preterit and part, [from bless.} Pope. BLEW, blu. The preterit from bfoiv. Knolles. BLEYME. n. s. An inflammation in the foot of a horse. Farrier's Diet. BLIGHT, blite. 393. n. s. [blasrfc, Sax.] Mildew. Temple. Any thing nipping, or blasting. V Estrange. To BLIGHT, bllte. v. a. To corrupt with mildew. Woodward. In general, to blast. Locke. To BLIN*, blm. v. a. [blmnan, Sax.] To cease, or stop. Spenser. Ob. T. BLINDS, blind, a. [blmb, Sax.] Deprived of sight. Digby. Intellectually dark. Dryd-en. Unseen ; pri- vate. Hooker. Not easily discernible. Bacon. To BLIND, blind, v. a. To make blind. Shakspeare. To darker. Dryden To darken the understand- ing. Milton. To obscure to the understanding Stillingjleet. To eclipse. P. Fletcher. BLIND, blind, n. s. Something to hinder the sight. L' Estrange. Something to mislead the eye, or the understanding. Decay of Piety. A hiamg place. Dryden. To BLFNDFOLD, blind'-f&d. v. a. To hinder from seeing. Luke. BLFNDFOLD, bllnd'-fold. a. Having the eyes cov ered. Spenser. BLINDLY, bllnd'-le. ad. Without sight. Browne. Implicitly. Dryden. Without judgement. Dryden. BLINDMAN'S BUFF, bllnd-manz-buF. n. s. Play in which some one is to have his eyes covered, and hunt out the rest of the company. Beaumont and Fletcher. BLFNDNEfcS, bllnd'-nes. n. s. Want of sight. Zech- ariah, xii. Ignorance. Spenser. BLFNDNETTLE, bllnd'-net-tl. n. s. A plant. BLFNDSIDE, blind-side', n. s. Weakness ; weak part. Swift. BLFNDWORM, bllnd'-wurm. n. s. A small viper, called a slow worm*; not venomous. Shakspeare. To BLINK §.,blmk. v. n. [blincken, Danish.] To wink. Hudibras. To see obscurely. Shakspeare. BLINK*, blink, n.s. A glimpse; a glance. Bp. Hall. BLI'NKARD, blmk'-urd. 98. n. s. One that has bad eyes. Barret. Something twinkling. Hakewill. BLlSS §, blis. n. s. [bh rr e, Sax.] The highest degree of happiness. Hooker. Felicity in general. Pope. BLFSSFUL, bnV-ful. a. Happy in the highest de- gree. Spenser. BLISSFULLY, bhV-ful-le. ad. Happily. Sherwood. BLFSSFULNESS, bnV-ful-nes. n. s. Happiness. Barrow. BLFSSLESS*, h\h'-\h. a. Without bliss. Hawkins. To BLFSSOM, blls'-s&m. v. n. To caterwaul ; to be lustful. To BLFSSCM, blfV-sSm. v. a. To tup. BLIST*. Formerly used for blessed, or blest. BUST*, pret. Wounded. Spenser. Ob. T. BLISTERS, bhV-tur. 98. n.s. [bluyster, Dutch.] A pustule formed by raising the cuticle. Shakspeare. Any swelling made by the separation of a film or skin from the other parts. Bacon. To BLFSTER, btiV-tur. v. n. To rise in blisters. Shikspeare. To BLFSTER, bhV-tur. v. a. To raise blisters by some hurt. Shakspeare. To raise blisters with a medical intention. Wiseman. BLITE*, bllte. n. s. A genus of plants. Ash. BLITHER bllTHe. 467. a. [bliSe, Sax.] Gay; airy. Hooker. BLFTHEFUL*, bllTH'-ml. a BLFTHELY, Uhu'-le. ad. Robert of Gloucester. BLFTHENESS, blrrH'-nes. BLFTHESOMENESS,bllxH'-sum-nes. $ quality of being blithe. BLFTHESOME, bllTH'-sum. a. Gay; cheerful. Philips. To BLOAT, bl6te. v. a. To swell, or make turgid. Dryden. To BLOAT, b!6te. v. n. To grow turgid. Arbnthnol. BLOAT, bl6te. a. Swelled with intemperance. Shak BLO'ATEDNESS, bkV-ted-nes. n.s. Turgidness. Arbuthnot. BLO'BBER, blob'-bfir. 98. n. s. A bubble. Carew. BLO'BBERLIP, bldb'-bfir-lip. n. s. A thick lip. Dryden. BLO^BBERLIPPED, bl6b'-bfir-l?pf, BLO'BLIPPED, blob'-llpt. thick lips. Grew. BLOCKS, blok. n. s. [block, Dutch.] A heavy piece of limber. Abp. Cranmer. A mass of matter. Ad- dison. A massy body. Swift. A rude piece of matter. Stillingjleet. The piece of wood on which hats are formed. Shak. The wood on which crim- inals are beheaded. Shak. An obstruction. Decay of Piety. A sea term for a pulley. A blockhead. Donne To BLOCK, blok. v. a, [Moqher, Fr^ To shut up Clarendon. 112 Gay. Minsheu. In a blithe manner. s. The '. Having swelled or BLO BLO -116, move, nor, not ; — tube, tub, bull ; — 611 ; — pdund ; — thin, THi BLOCK-HOUSE, bl6k'-hdfise. n. s. A fortress to defend a harbour. Caj-ew. BLOCK-TIN, blok-tm'. n. s. Pure or unmixed tin. Boyle. BLOCKA'DE, bldk-kade'. n.s. A siege carried on by shutting up the place. Toiler. K> BLOCKADE, bldk-kade'. v. a. To shut up by obstruction. Pope. BLOCKHEAD, bldk'-hid. n. s. A stupid fellow. Shakspeare. BLOOKHEADED, blok-hed'-ed. a. Stupid} dull. L'Estranoy. BLO OKHEADLY*, blok'-hed-le. a. Like a block- head. Dn/den. BLO CKISH, bl6k'-?sh. a Stupid; dull. Shakspeare. BLO'CKISHLY, blok'-ish-le. ad. Li a stupid man- ner. Hanwv . BLO'CKISHNESS, btik'-ish-nes. n. s. Stupidity ; dulness. Hakewill. BLO'CKLIKE*, bl6k'-llke. a. Stupid. Beaumont and Fletcher. BLO MARY, bl&m'-a-re. n.s. The first forge in the iron mills. Diet. BLONKET. blOn'-ket. a. Gray. Spenser. BLOOD &, bifid. 308. n. s. [blob, Sax.] The red liquor that circulates in the bodies of animals. Genesis, ix. Child ; progeny. Shakspeare. Family ; kindred. Shak. Descent; lineage. Drijden. Blood royal ; royal lineage. Sliakspeare. Birth ; high extraction. Shak. 31urder 5 violent death. Shak. Life. 2 Sam. iv. The carnal part of man. Matthew, xvi. Tem- per of mind. H/tdibras. Hot spark ; man of fire. Bacon. The juice of anv thing. Genesis, xlix. To BLOOD, bifid, v. a. To stain with blood. Dryden. To inure to blood, as a hound. Spenser. To let blood medically. To heat ; to exasperate. Bacon. BLOOD-BESPDTTED*, blfid'-be-spot'-ted. a. Spotted with blood. Shakspeare. BLOOD-BOLTERED, blfid'-bfil-tfird. a. Having the hair of the head clotted with blood. Sliakspeare. BLOOD-CONSUMING*, blfid'-kdn-sume'-lng. part, a. Consuming or wasting the blood. Shakspeare. BLOOD-FRO'ZEN*, blftd'-fro-zn. part. a. Having the blood frozen. Spenser. BLOOD-HOT, blfid'-hot. a. Hot in the same degree with blood. Locke. To 3LO0D-LET. bifid -let. v.n. [bloblaefcan. Sax.] To bleed. Arbuthnot. BLOOD-LETTER, blfid'-let-tfir. n. s. [bloblaefcepe, Sax.] A phlebolomist. Wiseman. BLOOD-RED*, bifid' -red. a. Red as blood. Mirror for Magist rates. BLOOD-SHAKEN*, blfid'-sha-kn. part. a. Having the blood put in commotion. B. Jonson. BLOOD-STAINED*, blfid'-stan'd. a. Smeared or stained with blood. Sliakspeare. BLOOD-SIZED*, bifid' -siz'd. a. Smeared or sized with blood. Beaumpnt and Fletcher. BLOOD-STONE, blfid'-stfine. n.s. [haematites.] The name of a stone. Woodward on Fossils. BLOOD-SWOLN*, blfid'-swoln. a. Suffused with blood. Mitt/. BLOOD-THIRSTY, blfid'-tftfirs-te. a. Desirous to shed blood. Spenser. BLOOD-VESSEL, bl&d'-vgs-sfl. * s. A vessel which conveys the blood. Addison. BLO ODFLOWER, blfid'-flSur. n. s. A plant. BLOODGUI'LTINESS, blfid'-gllt-e-nes. n. s. Mur- der. Spenser. BLOOD FIOUND, blfid'-hofind. n. s. A hound that follows by the scent, and seizes with great fierce- ness. Dryden. BLOODILY, blfid'-e-le. ad. Cruelly. Shalcspeare. BLOODINESS, blfid'-e-nes. n.s. The state of being bloody.S Wp. The disposition to shed blood. LeNeve. BLO'ODLESS, blfid'-Ies. a. Without blood 5 dead. Shakspeare. Without slaughter. Waller. Without spirit or activity. Sliakspeare. BLO'ODSHED, blfid'-shed. n.s. The crime of mur- der. Spenser. Slaughter. Spenser. LO'ODSHEDDF.R hlft^.clwl.rlr, BLO'ODSHEDDER, blfid'-shed-dfir. n. derer. Ecclus. Mur- BLOODSHEDDING* blfid'-shki-ding. n.s. Shed- ding of blood. Homilies, ii. BLOODSHOT, blfid'-sh6t. ) 103. a. Filled BLOODSHO'TTEN, blfid'-shdt-tn. \ with blood bursting from its proper vessels. Garth. BLOODSUCKER, blfid'-sfik-fir. n.s. A leech; any thing that sucks blood. A cruel man. Shakspeare BLOODSUCKING*, blfid'-sfik-ing. pari. a. Suck ing blood. Sha/ispeare. BLOOD W A RM*, bifid' -warm. a. Lukewarm. Coles. BLOODW1TE, blfid'-wite. n. s. [blobpite, Sax.] A fine anciently paid as a compensation ibr bloccl. BLOOD WORT, blfid'-wfirt. n. s. A plant. BLO'ODY, blfid'-e. a. Stained with blood. Cruel. Sidney. To BLOODY*, blfid'-e. v. a. [bloeden, Teut.] To make bloody. Beaumont and Fletcher, BLOODY-EYED*, blfid'-e-lde. a. Having bloody or cruel eves. Lord Brooke. BLOODY-FACED*, blfid'-e-faste. part. a. Having a bloody appearance. Shakspeare. BLOODY-FLUX, blfid'-e-flfiks. n. s. The dysen- tery, in which the excrements are mixed with blood. Arbnihnot. BLOODY-FLUXED*, blfid'-e-flfikst. a. Afflicted with the bloody-flux. Bp. Hall BLOODY-HUNTING*, bifid e-hfin-tlng. part. a. Hunting for blood. Shakspeare. BLOODY-MINDED, blfid'-e-mlnd-eU a. Cruel. Dryden. BLOODY-RED*, blfid'-e-rSd. a. Having the colour of blood. Philosophical Transactions. BLOODY -SCEPTERED*, blfid'-e-sep-tfir'd. part. a. Having a sceptre obtained by blood. Shakspeare. BLOOM §, blfifim. n.s. [bloma, Goth.] A blossom. Milton. The state of immaturity. Dryden. The blue colour upon plums and grapes newly gathered. A piece of iron wrought into a mass, two feet square To BLOOM, blfifim. v. a. To produce the blossom. Numbers. To produce, as blossoms. Spenser. To BLOOM, blofim. v. n. To bring blossoms. Bacon To be in a state of youth. Pope. BLOOMINGLY, blfifim'-hig-le. ad. In a blooming manner. BLOOMY, bl66n/-me. a. Full of blooms. Milton. BLORE, blfire. n. s. Act of blowing; blast. Cliapman BLO'SSOM§, blos'-sfim. ]f»6. n.s. [bloyme, Sax.] The flower that grows on a plant, previous to Uie seed or fruit. Shakspeare. To BLO SSOM, bl&s'-sfim. v. n. To put forth blos- soms. Shakspeare. BLO'SSOMY*, blos'-sfim-e. a. Full of blossoms. Chaucer. To BLOT $, bldt. v. a. [blotter, Fr.] To obliterate. Shaksjieare. To efface ; to erase. Dryden. To make black spots on. Ascham. To disgrace. Shak. To darken. Coivley. BLOT, bl&t. n. s. An obliteration of writing. Dryden Extinction of light. Milton. A blur. A spot in reputation. Shakspeare. BLOTCH, blotsh. n. s. [from blot.] A spot upon the skin. Harvey. To BLOTCH*, blotsh. ) ^ K] . „ To BLATCH*, blatsh. \ * «- Tob,acken - Harmar - To BLOTE, blfite. v. a. To dry by the smoke ; as bloted herrings. Sherwood. BLO'TTING, blot'-tmg. n. s. The making spots or marks on paper. Bp. Taylor. BLOW $, b!o. 324. n. s. [blowe, Dutch.] A stroke. Shak. The stroke of death. Dryden. A sudden calamity. Jeremiah. A single action. Dryden. The act of a fly> by which she lodges eggs in flesh. Chapman. BLOW, bio. n. s. [blopan, Sax.] Bloom. Toiler. To BLOW §, blfi. v. n. pret. bleiv; particip. pass, bloicn. [blapan, Sax.] To make a current of air. Ecclus Dryden. To pant. Shak. To breathe. L 'Estrange. To sound with being blown. Milton. To sound. Joshua. — To blow over. To pass away without ef- fect. Bacon. To bloto up. To fly into the air by the force of gun-powder. Toiler. To BLOW, blfi. v. a. To drive by the wind. Shak. To inflame with wind. Isaiah. To swell. Shak. To 143 BLU BOA KT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin ;— form into shape by the breath. Boyle. To sound wind musick. Jeremiah. To warm with the breath. Shak. To spread by report. Dry den— To blow out. To extinguish by wind. Shak. To blow up. To raise, or swell wit 1 breath ; to inflate; to burst with gunpowder. Sliafc. To blow up. To kindle". Dry- den. To blow up. To move by afflatus. Addison. To blow upon. To make stale. Addison. To BLOW §, bl6. v. n. To bloom. Milton. ' To BLOW, bl6. v. a. To cause to blossom. B. Jonson. BLO'WER, bl ages a boat. Dryden. Prior. BOATSWAIN, bo'-sn. n. s. [bafcypan, Sax.] An officer on board a ship, who has charge of her rig- ging" and loiig-boat ; and calls out the several gangs, &.c. Harris. $&• This word is universally pronounced in common con- versation as it is here marked: but in reading it would savour somewhat of vulgarity to contract it to a sound so very unlike the orthography. It would be advisable therefore, in those who are not of the naval profession, where it is technical, to pronounce this word, when they read it, distinctly as it is written. W\ jfoBOBS, bdb. v. a. To cut. Robinson. To beat. Sir T. Ehjot. To cheat. Shak. To touch gently. To BOB, bob. v. n. To play backward and forward. Shak. Dnjden. To bob for fish, a term in angling. Beaumont and Fletcher. BOB, l>6b. n. s. Something that hangs so as to play loosely. Dryden. The words repeated at the end of a stanza. U Estrange. A blow. Ascha?n. A term in ringing. A worm used for a bait in an- gling. Walton. A bobwig. Slwnslom. BOB*)*, b6b. n.s. A sneering joke. Beaumont and Fletcher. BOBA'NCE*, bo-banse'. n. s. [Fr.] Boasting. Clxau- cer. Ob. T. BO'BBIN, bdb'-bln. n.s. [bohine, Fr.] A small pin of wood used in lace-making. Milton. BO'BBINWORK, b6b -bhi-wurk. n. s. Work woven with bobbins. Grew. BO'BCHERRY, bdb'-tsher-re. n. s. A play among children, in which the cherry is hung so as to bob i against the mouth. Arbvthnot. BO'BTAIL, bob'-lale. n. s. Cut tail. SliaJcspeare. BO'BTAILED, bob'-lal'd. 359. a. Having a tail cut, or short. V Estrange. BOBW'IG, bob' -wig. n. s. A short wig. Spectator. BO'CASINE, bdk'-a-sm. n. s. [boccasin, Fr.] A kind of fine buckram, resembling taffeta; cala- manco. Cotgrave. BO'CKELET, b6k'-e-let. ) n. s. A kind of long- BOCKERET, bdk'-e-ret. \ winged hawk. Diet. To BODE S, bode. c. a. [bobian, Sax.] To portend. Shakspeare. To BODE, bode. v. n. To be an omen. Dryden. BODE, bide. n. s. An omen. Cluzucer. Delay or stop. Chaucer. BO'DEMENT, b6de'-ment. n. s. Portent; omen. Shakspeare. To BODGE$, bodje. v. n. To boggle; lo stop. SliaJcspeare. BODGE*, bodje. n. s. A botch. Whitlock. BO' DICE, b&d'-dis. 142. n. s. Stays. Prior. BO'DBSD*, b6d'-dld. a. Having a body. Shakspeare. BO'DILESS, bod'-de-les. a. Incorporeal. Davies. BO'DILINESS*, bSd'-de-le-nes. n. s. Corporality. Minskeu. BODILY, b&d'-de-Ie. a. Corporeal. South. Relat- ing to the body. Hooker. Real ; actual. Shak. BODILY, bod'-de-le. ad. Corporeally-. Watts. BODING* bode'-mg. n. s. Omen. Bp. Ward. BO'DKIN, bSd'-kln. n. s. [boddiken, or small body.] A dagger. Clxaucer. An instrument used to bore holes. Sidney. An instrument to draw a thread through a loop. Pope. An instrument to dress the hair. Pope. Cloth of silk and gold thread. B. Jon- Strength : as, wine of a good Clothing for RO'DYS, bc-d'-de. n.s. [bobi£, Sax.] The material substance of an animal. 1 Sam. xxxi. Matter : op- posed to spirit. A person. Hooker. Reality. Co- loss, ii. A collective mass. Hooker. The main army. Clarendon. A corporation. Swift. The main part ; the bulk. Raleigh. A substance. Boyle. [In geometry.] Any solid figure. A pandect ; a 19 general collection. BOT) Y-CLOTHES, bdd'-de-kl6ze. n. horses, that are dieted. BODY-GUARD*, b6d'-de-gard. n.s. Properly, the life-guards; figuratively, security. Bp. Por'eus. To BODY, b6d'-de. v. a. To produce in some form Shakspeare. BOG?, bog, n.s. [bog, Irish, soft.] A marsh ; a mo rass. Shakspeai'e. To BOG*, b6g. v. a. To whelm as in mud or mire B. Jonson. BOG-LAND*, b&g'-land. a. Living in a boggy coun try. Di-yden. BOG-TROTTER, bdg'-trot-tfir. n. s. One that lives in a boggy country. BOGLES*, or BO'GGLES*, b6g'-gl. n.s. [bug. Celt, a goblin.] A bugbear; a spectre. To BO'GGLE, b6g'-g7. 405. v. n. To start. Shak. To hesitate. Hudibras. To dissemble. Howell. BOGGLER, bog'-glur. n. s. A doubter. Shakspeare. BO'GGLISH*, bAg'-glish. a. Doubtful. Bp. Taylor BOGGY, b&g'-ge. 183. a. Marshy; swampy. Milton BOGHOUSE, bV-hSuse. n. s. A house of office. BOHE'A, b6-h(V. n. s. A species of tea. Woodward. To BOILS, b6ll. 299. v. n. [bullio, Lat.] To be agi- tated by heat. Chapman. To be hot. Dryden. To move like boiling water. Gay. To cook by boil- ing. Swift. To BOIL, bdll. v. a. To heat by putting into boiling water. Bacon. BOIL. See Bile. BOILER, boil'-ur. n. s. The vessel in which any thing is boiled. Woodward. BO'ILERY, b6?l'-e-re. n. s. A place at the salt-works where the salt is boiled. BO'ILING*, b&V-hg. n. s. Ebullition. BOTSTEROUS S, b6?s'-ter-fis. a. [bwyst, owystus, Welsh.] Violent; loud. Slmk. Turbulent. Shak. Unwieldy. Spenser. Violent. Natural History. BOISTEROUSLY, bdis'-ter-us-le. ad. Violently; tumultously. Shakspeare. BO'ISTEROUSNESS, bSIs'-tSr-us-nCs. n. s. Turbu- lence. More. BO'LARY, b6'-la-re. a. Partaking of the nature of bole, or clay. Brown. BOLDS, bcSld.a. [balb, Sax.] Daring ; brave. Prov- erbs, xxviii. Executed with spirit. Addison. Con- fident. 1 Tlies. ii. Impudent. Ecclus. vi. Licen- tious. Cowley. Striking to the eye. Dryden. Open; smooth. Howell. — To make bold. To take freedoms. Shakspeare. To BOLD*, bold. v. a. To bolden : to make bold. A. Hall. Ob. T. To BO LDEN, bold'-d'n. 103. v. a. To make bold. Ascham. BO'LDFACE, bc-ld'-fase. n. s. Impudence ; sauci ness; a term of reproach. L'Eslnnge. BOLDFACED, b6ld'-faste. a. Impudent. Bp. Bram- luill. BOLDLY, bild'-le. ad. In a bold manner. BOLDNESS, bold'-n&s. n. s. Courage. Sidrrnj. Exemption from caution. Dryden. Freedom. 2 Cor. vii. Confident trust in God. Hooker. As surance. Bacon. Impudence. Hooker. BOLES, bile. n. s. The body of a trunk of a tree Chapman. A kind of earth. A measure of corn containing six bushels. Mortimer. BO' LIS, btV-lk n. s. [Lat.] A great fiery ball, swift- ly hurried through the air, and generally drawing a tail after it. Muschenbroeck. To BOLLS, b6le. v. n. [bulna, Goth.] To rise into a roundish form ; to swell. Exodus, ix. BOLL, bole. 406. n. s. A round stalk or stem. BOLSTERS, bole'-stur. n. s. [bolster, Goth.] Some- thing laid on the bed to support the head. Milton. A pad, or quilt. Swift. A compress on a wound. Wiseman. To BOLSTER, b6le'-stur. v.. a. To support the head with a bolster. To afford a bed to. Shak. To hold wounds together with a compress. Sharp. To support. Hooker. ir 145 BOM BON 0» 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m&;— p ne, p?n BOLSTERED*, bole'-st&rd. a. Swelled out. Tatier. BOLSTERER* b6le'-star-ar. n. s. A supporter; a maintainer. Bp. Bancroft. BOLSTERING*, b6le'-st&r-mg. «. s. A prop; a support. Bp. Taylor. BOLT §, bolt. «.*. [Aotff, Goth.] An arrow. Shak. lightning ; a thunderbolt. Dry den. Bolt upriglii ; upright as an arrow. Grew. The bar of a door. Shak. An iron to fasten the legs. Shak. A sieve. B. Jonson. To BOLT, bolt. v. a. To shut with a bolt. Dryden. To blurt out precipitantly. Milton. To fasten, as a bolt, or pin ; to pin. B. Jonson. To fetter. Shak. Tosiftwithasieve. Spenser. To examine by sifting. Bacon. To purify ; to purge. SJiak. To BOLT, bolt. v. n. To spring out with speed and suddenness. Drayton. BOLT-ROPE, bolt'-r6pe. n. s. The rope on which the sail of a ship is fastened. Sea Diet. BOLTER, b6l / -t&r. n. s. [bulter, old Fr.] A sieve. Shakspeare. A kind of net. Carew. To BO'LTER*, bol'-t&r. v. a. To besmear. Shak. BOLTHEAD, b6lt'-hed. n. s. A long, strait-necked, glass vessel, for chymical distillations. Boyle. BOLTING-HOUSE, b6lt'-Tng-house. 7i.s. The place where meal is sifted. Dennis. BOLTING-HUTCH*, b6lt'-ing-hotsh. n. s. The tub for the bolted meal. Shakspeare. BO'LTING-TUB*, b6lt'-kg-tob. n. s. A tub to sift meal in. B. Jonson. BOLTSPRIT, or BOWSPRIT, b6'-sprit. n. s. A mast running out at the head of a ship, not stand- ing upright, but aslope. Sea Diet. BO'LUS, b6'-las. n. s. [/foAo?.] A form of medicine, resembling, but larger than pills. Wiseman. BOMB §, bum. 165. n. s. [bomme, Teut.] A loud noise. Bacon. A hollow iron ball, or shell, filled with gunpowder, and furnished with a vent for a fusee, or wooden tube, filled with combustible matter; to be thrown out from a mortar. Chambers. The stroke upon a bell, called the borne of the bell. 55~I do not hesitate to follow Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Nares, in this word, and all its compounds, in giving the its fourth sound, equivalent to the second sound of u, though contrary to Mr. Sheridan's pronunciation, which makes it rhyme with Tom, from, &c. Dr. Johnson's deriva- tion of the verb to bump, from the same origin as bomb, makes the pronunciation I have given more agreeable to analogy. W. To BOMB*, bum. v. n. To sound. B. Jonson. To BOMB, bum. v. a. To bombard. Prior. BOMB-CHEST, b&m'-tshest. n. s. A chest filled usually with bombs, placed under ground, to blow it up in the air. Chambers. BOMB-KETCH, bom'-kelsh. ) n. s. A kind of ship, BOMB-VESSEL, bom'-ves-sel. S strongly built, to bear the shock of a mortar, when bombs are to be fired. Addison. BOMBARD, b&m'-bard. n. s. [bombarda, Lat.] A great gun. Knolles. A barrel. Shakspeare. Ob. J. To BOMBA'RD, bom-bard' bombs. Addison. BOMBARDIER, bum-bar-deer'. 275. n gineer who shoots bombs. Tatier. BOMBARDMENT, bfim-bard'-ment. n. s. An at- tack by throwing bombs. Addison. BOMBASFN, bom-ba-zeen'. n. s. [bombijcinus, Lat.] A slight silken stuff, for mourning. Sir T. Herbert. BO'MBAST§, bum'-bast. n. s. A stuff of soft loose texture, used to swell the garment. Sliak. Fus- tian ; big words, without meaning. Donne. BO'MBAST, bom-bast', a. High sounding. Shak. To BOMBAST*, bom-bast', v. a. To inflate. Bp. Hall. BOMBA'STICK*, b&m-bas'-tlk. a. Of great sound with little meaning. Shaftesbury. BOMBA'STRY*, bum-bas'-tre. n.s. Swelling words without much meaning ; fustian. Svnft. BOMBILA'TION, bom-be-la'-sh&n. n. s. [hombilo, Lat J Sound ; noise. Brown. BOMBY'CINOUS, bom-bfs'-se-nos. a. \bombvcinus, Lat.] Made of silk. Coles. To attack with The en BO'MBYX*, bum'-blks. n.s. [/fyjfof] The silk worm. BONA FIDE*, bo'-na-fl'-de. [Lat.] Really: truly. BONAROBA, bo-na-r6'-ba. n. s. [buona robx, Ital.] A showy wanton. Sliakspeare. BONA 7 ! R* bo-nure'. a. [bonnaire, FrJ Complaisant ; yielding. Salisbury Manual. Ob. T. BONA'SUS, bo-na'-sos. n. s. A kind of buffalo. BONCHIEF*, b&n'-tshif. n. s. [ban chef, Fr.] Good consequence. Thorpe. BONCHRETIEN, b&n-kret'-tsheen. n.s. [Fr.] A species of pear, so called. Howell. BOND §, bond. n. s. [bonb,, Sax.] Cord or chain. Shak. Ligament. Locke. Union. Men-timer. [In the plural.] Chains ; imprisonment. Acts xxiii. Cement of union. Sliak. A writing of obligation to pay a sum, or perform a contract. Shak. Obli- gation. Sliakspeare. BOND, b&nd. a. Captive. 1 Cor. BO'NDAGE, bSn'-daje. 90. n. s. Captivity. Sidney. Obligation. Pope. BONDMAID, b&nd'-made. n. s. A woman slave. Shakspeare. BO'NDMAN, bond'-man. ) 88. n. s. A man slave. BO'NDSMAN, b&ndz'-man. ( Hooker. BO'NDSERVANT, b&nd'-ser-vant. n, s. A slave. Leviticus, xxv. BONDSERVICE, b&nd'-sSr-vis. n. s. Slavery. 2 Kings, ix. BO'NDSLAVE, b6nd / -slave. n. s. A man in slave- ry. Sidney. BO'NDSMAN, b6ndz'-man. 88. n. s. A slave. Der- ham. A person giving security for another. BONDSWOMAN, b&ndz'-wom-on. n. s. A woman slave. B. Jonson. BONDWOMAN*, bond'-wom-on. n.s. She who is a slave. Gakxtians. BONE§, bone. n.s. [ban, Sax.] The solid parts of the body of an animal. Quincy. A fragment of meat Dryden. — To be upon the bones. To attack. L'Es trange. To make no bones. To make no scruple Bp. Hall. Bones. A sort of bobbins, for weaving bonelace. Shakspeare. Bones. Dice. Dryden. To BONE, b6ne. v. a. To take out the bones from the flesh. BONE-ACHE*, b6ne'-ake. n. s. Pain in the bones. Shakspeare. BONED*, b&n'd. a. Bony ; large. Dryden. " BO'NELACE, b6ne-lase'. n. s. [from bone and lace; the bobbins with which lace is woven, being fre- quently made of bones.] Flaxen lace. Beaumont and Fletcher. BO'NELESS, b6ne'-les. a. Wanting bones. Shak- speare. To BO'NESET, b6ne'-sel. v. n. To restore a bone out of joint to its place ; or join a bone broken to the other part. Wiseman. BONESETTER, b6ne'-sel-tor. n. s. One who pro- fesses the art of restoring broken or luxated bones. Denham. BONE'TTA*, b6-net'-ta. n. s. A sea fish. Sir T. Herbert. BO'NFIRE, b&n'-flre. n. s. [bon and fire, Fr.] A fire made for some publick cause of triumph. Spenser. 3^- Mr. Sheridan pronounces this word bonefire ; Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and VV. Johnston, make the first syllable rhyme with don ; and though in the first edition of this Dictionary I made it rhyme with tun, I now prefer the sound rhyming with don. W. BO'NGRACE, b&n'-gras. n. s. [bonne grace, Fr.] A forehead-cloth, or covering for the forehead. Beau- niont and Fletcher. To BONIFY*, b&n'-ne-fl. v. a. [bonifier, oldFr.] To convert into good. Cudworth. BO'NITY*, bon'-e-te. n. s. Goodness. Ob. T. BON MOT*, b&n-mo'. [Fr.] A jest; a witty re- BON'nETS, bftn'-nlt. 99. n.s. A covering for the head. Shak. [In fortification.] A kind of little ravelin. I BO'NNETS, b&n'-nlts. n. s. [In the sea language.] 146 BOO BOR -n6, move, nor, »6t ;— tube, tub, bull ; — 611 ;— pdund ;— tlim, this. Small sails set on the courses on the mizen, main- sail, and foresail. Chambers. 7 , oBONNET*,b6n / -nu.i!.». To pull off the bonnet; to make obeisance. Shakspeare. BO'NNIBEL*, bdn'-ne-bel. n. s. [bonne and belle, Fr.] A handsome girl. Spenser. BONN1LASS*, b6n'-ne-las. «. s. A beautiful maid. f Sm e m t r , BO'NNH.Y, b&n'-ne-le. ad. Gayly; handsomely. BONN1NESS, bdn'-ne-nes. n. s. Gayety; hand- someness ; plumpness. BONNY$, bdn'-ne. a. [bonne, Fr.] Handsome. Shak. Gay ; merry. Shakspeare. Generally used in con- versation for plump. BONNY-CLABBER, b&n'-ne-klab'-bur. n. s. [baine, milk, and clabar, mire,. Irish.] Sour buttermilk. B. Jonson. BONY, b6'-ne. a. Consisting of bones. Donne. Full of bones. Strong. Thomson. BONZES*, bon'-zez. n. s. Priests of Japan, Ton- quin, and China. Sir T. Herbert. BOOBY, bod'-be. n. s. [bube, Germ.] A duli, stu- pid fellow. Prior. A bird so called. Sir T.HerbeH. BOOK §, book, [buk, Perry and Jones.] n. s. [boc, Sax.] A volume in which we read or write. Sluik. A particular part of a work Burnet. A trader's ac- count of debts. Shak. — In books. In kind remem- brance. Addison. Witlwut book. By memory. Hooker. To BOOK, b66k. v. a. To register in a book. Shak. To have a knowledge of books. Gower. BOOK-KEEPER*, bSdk'-keep-iV. n. s. The keeper of a book of accounts. BOOK-KEEPING, b66k'-keep-mg. n. s. The art of keeping accounts. Harris. BO'OKBINDER, b6Sk'-bln-dur. n. s. A man whose profession it is to bind books. Bale. BOOKCASE*, boSk'-kase. n. s. A case for holding books. BO'OKFUL, bo6k'-ful. a. Full of notions gleaned from books. Pope. BOOKISH, bdSk'-lsh. a. Given to books. Shak. BO'OKISHLY*, bo6k'-lsh-le. ad. In a way devoted to books. Thurlow. BO'OKISHNESS, bo6k'-?sh-nes. n. s. Much appli- cation to books. Whitlock. BOOKLAND*, odok'-land. n. s. fboclanb, Sax.] The same as free socage lands. Blackstone. BOOKLEARNED, bodk'-lem-ed. a. Versed in books. Dnideit. BOOKLEARN1NG, book'-lern-lng. n.s. Skill in literature. Sidney. BOOKLESS*, bodk'-les. a. Not given to books. Shenstone. BO OKMAKING* boOk'-ma-klng. n. s. The art of making books. BO'OKMAN, b&ok'-man. 88. n. s. Given to the study of books. Shakspeare. BO OKMATE, boSk'-mate. n. s. School-fellow. BO'OKOATH*, book'-iz/t. n.s. The oath made on the book. Shakspeare. BOOKSELLER, bfiok'-sel-l&r. n.s. He whose pro- fession it is to sell books. Walton. BO'OKWORM, b&Ok'-wurm. n. s. A worm that eats holes in books. Guardian. A student too closely given to books. Pope. BOOM §, Do6m. n.s. [boom., Dutch, a tree.] A long pole used to spread out the clue of the studding sail. A pole set up as a mark to show the sailors how to steer. Sea Dictionary. A bar of wood laid across a harbour. Dryden. To BOOM, bS6m. v.n. To rush with violence. Did. To swell and fall together. Young. BOOMKIN*. See Bumkin. BOON, b66n. n. s. [bene., Sax.] A gift; a grant Sliakspeare. BOON, b&6n. a. [bon, Fr.] Gay; merry. Milton. Kind ; bountiful. Milton. BOOR§, b6dr. n. s. [beer, Dutch.] A lout; a clown. Temple. BO'ORISH, boor'-lsh. a. Clownish; ruslick. Shak. BOORISHLY, b&dr'-ish-le. ad. In a boorish man ner. BO'ORISHNESS^oor'-lsh-nes.n. s. Clownishness; rusticity. BOOSE, b66se. n.s. [bopiS, Sax.] A stall for a cow or an ox. To BOOT $, boot. v. a. [botjan, Goth.] To profit. Hooker. To enrich. Shakspea*- BOOTS, b&6t. n.s. Profit; gam. Shak. To boot. Over and above. Shakspeare. Booty, or plunder. Shakspeare. BOOT, b66t. n. s. [bottas, Armorick.l A covering for the leg, used by horsemen. SJuzk. A kind ot rack for the leg, formerly used in Scotland for tor turing criminals. Burnet. BOOT of a Coach. The space between the coach man and the coach. Sir H. Wotton. To BOOT, b66t. v. a. To put on boots. Shak. BOOT-CATCHER, boot'-ketsh-ur. n. s. The per- son whose business at an inn is to pull off the boots of passengers. Swift. BOOT-HOSE, boot'-hize. «. s. Stockings to serve for boots. Shakspeare. BOOT-TREE, boot'-tree. n. s. Two pieces of wood, shaped li!;e a leg, to be driven into boots, for stretching and widening them. BO'OTED, boot'-ed. a. In boots. B. Jonson. BOOTH §. b66TH. n. s. [boed, Dutch.] A tempora- ry house built of boards. Camden. BOOTLESS, b66tMes. a. [botlea r , Sax.] Useless. Spenser. Without success. Shakspeare. BO'OTLESSLY*, boot'-les-le. ad. Uselessly. Fan- shawe. BOOTY, b66t'-e. n.s. [buyl, Dutch.] Plunder. Milton. Things gotten by robbery. Shak. To play booty. To play dishonestly. L'Estrange. BOPE'EP, bd-peep'. ti.s. The act of looking out, and drawing back as if frighted, in order to fright some other. Shakspeare. BO'RABLE, bfr-ra-bl. a. That may be bored. BORA'CHIO, bo-rat'-tsho. n. s. [boiracho, Span.] A bottle, or cask. Dryden. BORAGE, bur'-ldje. 90, 165. n. s. [borago, Lat.] A plant. Miller. BO'RAMEZ,bbr'-&-m&. n. s. The Scythian lamb. Brown. BO 1 RAX, bo'-raks. n. s. [borax, Lat.] An artificial salt, prepared from sal ammoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, sea salt, and alum, dissolved in wine. Quincy. BORBORYGM*, bar'-bo-rfm. n. s. [jloppopvyixos.] A term in medicine, for a rumbling noise in the guts. Glos. Anglic. Nov. RORDAGE*. See Bord-lands. BORD-HALFPENNY*. n. s. Money paid for set- ting up boards or a stall in a fair or market. Burn. BORD-LANDS*. n. s. Demesnes formerly appro- priated by the owners of lands, for the maintenance of their bord or table. Cowel. BORDEL &, b6V-del. ? n. s. [bordeel, Teut.] A BORDELLO, b6r-deF-l6. ( brothel. B. Jonson. BORDELLER*, bSr'-del-ur. n. s. The keeper of a brothel. Gower. Ob. T. BORDER §, bSr'-dur. 98. n. s. [bord, Germ.] The outer part or edge. Bacon. The march or edge of a country. Spenser. The outer part of a gar ment. A bank raised round a garden. Spenser. To BORDER, b6V-dur. v. n. To confine upon. Knolles. To approach nearlv to. Tilhtson. To BO RDER, bor'-dfir. v. a'. To adorn with a bor- der. Warton. To reach ; to touch. Raleigh. To keep within bounds. Shakspeare. BORDERER, bdr'-dur-fir. 555. n. s. He that dwells on the borders. Shak. He that approaches near. B. Jonson. BO'RDRAGING*, b&rd'-ra-jlng. n.s. An incursion on the borders of a country. Spenser. To BORES, bore. v. a. [bopian, Sax.] To pierce. Shak. To hollow. Digby. To make by piercing. Ray. To break through. Gay. To BORE, bore. v. n. To make a hole. Wilkins. To push forward towards a certain point. Shak. 147 BOS BOU \ET 559.— Fate, far. fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ; To BORE, b6re. v. n. [With farriers.] Is when a horse carries his nose near the ground. Diet. BORE, bdre. n s The hole made by boring - . Milton. The instrument with which a hole is bored. Moxon. The size of any hole. Boyle. BORE*, bore. n. s. A tide swelling above another tide. Burke. BORE, b6re. The preterit of bear. Dryden. BO'REAL, b6'-re-al. a. Northern. Pope. BO'REAS, b6'-re-as. n. s. [Lat.] The north wind. Milton. BORECOLE*, bdre'-k&e. n. s. A species of cab- bage. BO'REE, b6-ree'. n. s. A kind of dance. Swift. BORER, b6re'-ur. n. s. A piercer. Moxon. To be BORN, bdrn. v. n. pass. To come into life. Shak. It is usually spoken with regard to circum- stances; as, he was born a prince. Dryden. BORNE, borne. Thenar*, pass, of bear. Bacon. BO/ROUGH y, bur'-rd. 318, 390. n. s. [bophoe, Sax.] A town with a corporation. Pope. BOROUGH English, bur'-rd-fng'-gllsh. A custom- ary descent of lands or tenements to the owner's youngest son ; or, if the owner have no issue, to his youngest brother. Cowel. L'6'ROUGH-HOLDER*, biV-r6-h6ld-ur. n. s. A headborough [bupe, Sax.] Rustick ; rude BO'RREL, b&K-ril Spenser. Ob. T. To BO'RROWy, bor'-r6. v. a. [bopgian, Sax.] To take from another upon credit. SlwJc. To ask of another something for a time. 2 Kings, iv. To take something ofanother. Shak. To use as one's own. Dryden. To relieve. Hawkins. BO'RROW, bor'-r6. n.s. The thing borrowed. Shalcspeare. A pledge ; a surety. Spenser. J BORROWER, bdr'-ro-ur. n. s. He that borrows. Sidney. He that takes what is another's, and uses it as his own. Pope. «M > RROWING*, b&r / -r64ng. n. s. The act of bor- rowing. Sliakspeare. BO'RSHOLDER*, bors'-hold-fir. n. s. The tithing man. Spenser. BO S CAGE, b&s'-kaje. 90. n. s. [boscage, Fr.l Wood. Bacon. The representation of woods. Wbtton. BOSH*, bosh. n. s. Outline ; figure. Student, ii. BOSKY, bds'-ke. a. [bosque. Fr.] Woody. Sliak. BO'SOM y, b6. n. To rest upon. Locke. BOTTOMED, bot'-tfim'd. 359. a. Having a bottom. Bacon. BOTTOMLESS, bot'-tum-les. a. Without a bot- tom ; fathomless. Sidney. ^BOTTOMRY, bof-ium-re. n. s. [In commerce.] The act of borrowing money on a ship's bottom. Harris. BOUCHE*. See Bouge. BO' UCHET, boo'-shet. n. s. [Fr.] A sort of pear. BOUD, b6&d. it. s. A weevil. Diet. To BOUGE, bddje. 315. v. n. [bouge, Fr.] To swell out. 148 BOU BOW -nd, mdve, ndr, n&t;— tdbe, tub, bull}— d?l;— pddnd;— tfiin, this. BOUGE*, bddje. n.s. Provisions. B.Jonson. Ob. I BOUGH, bdu. 313. n.s. [bo£, Sax.] An arm or ];ir»e shoot of a tree. Sidney. BOl (GHT, bawt. 311). prefer, and part, of To buy. BOUGHT $, bawt. «. s. [Zwc/tf, Teut.] A twist. Spenser. A flexure. Brown. That part of a sling which contains the stone. 1 Sam. BOUGHT Y*, baw'-te. a. Crooked: bending. Sher- wood. Ob. T. BOUILLON, bool'-yon. n. s. [Fr.] Broth: soup. BOTJLDER Walls. Walls built of round flints or pebbles, laid in a strong- mortar. Builder's Diet. BOUL1MY*. See Bulimy. To BOULT, bolt. v. a. See To Bolt. To BOUNCE y, bo&nse. v. n. To fall or fly against any thing with great force, so as to rebound. Dry- den. To spring. Addison. To make a sudden noise. Sici/t. To boast ; to bully. Lowth. To be bold or strong. Shakspeare. BOUNCE, bd&nse. n. s. A strong sudden blow. Drt/den. A sudden cratk or noise. Slia/c. A boast. BOUNCER, bdftn'-sur. n. s. A boaster. BO'UNCINGLY* bddns'-lng-le. ad, Boastingly; with threat. BOUND §, bdund. 313. n. s. [bunbe, Sax.] A limit. Mil/071, A limit by which any excursion is restrain- ed. Siiak. A leap ; a jump. Sfiak. A rebound. . To limit. Dryden. To n. To jump. Dryden. To ?n.s. S s A stone SlwJc. . Exemp- a. Liberal ; Decay of Piety To BOUND, bdund. v restrain. Shakspeare. To BOUNDS, bdund. rebound. Shakspeare. To BOUND, bound, v. n. To make to bound. Shak. BOUND, bound, pret. and part.jjass. of bind. Sidney. BOUND, bd&nd. a. Destined} intending to come to any place. Spenser. BOUNDARY, bdon'-da-re. n. s. Limit. Locke. BO'UNDEN, bofin'-den. part. pass, of bind. Shak. BOUNDENL Y*, bd&n'-den-le. ad. In a dutiful man- ner. Tran. of Ochin's Sermons. Ob. T. BO'UNDER* boan'-dfir. n. s. A limiter. Fotlierby. A boundary. Sir Thomas Herbert. BO UNDING-STONE, bd&n'-dlng-stdne BOUNDSTONE, bdfind'-stdne. to plav with. Dryden. BOUNDLESS, bdund'-l&s. a. Unlimited BOUNDLESSNESS, bdund'-l£s-ngs. n. tion from limits. So>ith. BOUNTEOUS, bd&n'-tshe-as kind. Shakspeare. EOUNTEOUSLY, bdan'-tshe-ds-le. ad. Liberally. Dryden.. BO'UNTEOUSNESS, bdun'-tshe-fis-nSs. n. s. Mu- nificence. BO'UNTIFUL, bd&n'-te-ful. a. Liberal. Shakspeare. BOUNTIFULLY, bddn'-te-fal-le. ad. Liberally. Donne. BO'UNTIFULNESS, bdun'-te-ful-nSs. n. s. Gene- rosity. 2 Cor. ix. BO'UNTIHEAD, bdon'-te-hld. > n c Gnnflnp „ . BOUNT1HEDE, bdun'-te-hed. i "' ^ nt r ' BOUNT1HOOD, bdrV-te-hud. > v,rtue - UD ' J ' BO'UNTYy, bd&n'-te. n. s. \bonte 1 , Fr.] Generosity. Hooker. Goodness : not now in use. Spenser. BO'UQUET*, bdd'-ka. n. s. [Fr.] A nosegay. Warton. To BOURD*. v.n. [bourder, Fr.] To jest. Chaucer. BOURD* n. s. A jest. Spenser. BOURDER* n. s. A jester. BO'URDINGLY*. ad. In sport. To BOURGEON, burton. 313,259. v.n. [bour- geonner, Fr.] To sprout j to shoot into branches. Sjienser, BOURN, borne, n. s. [borne Fr.] A bound a limit. Shakspeare. A brook. Spenser. 55* I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Kenrick in the pronunciation of this word. They make it Bound as if written boorn ; but if my memory fail me not, it is a rhyme to mourn, upon the stage, and Mr. Garrick so pronounced it: " That undiscover'd country, from whose bourn u No traveller returns."— SAaAspeare's Hamlet. I am fortified in this pronunciation by the suffrages ol Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Smith. IV. BOURSE*. See Burse. To BOUSE §, bddze. v. n. [buysen, Dutch.] To dnnk lavishly. Spenser. To BOUSE, bodze. v. a. To swallow. Sir T. Brown. BOUSY, bdd'-ze. ad. Drunken. Dryden. BOUT $ ; bdut. n. s. [botta, Ital.] A turn ; as much of an action as is performed at one time. Sidney. BO UTADE*, boo-tade'. n. s. [Fr.] A whim. Swift. BO U TEFE U, bddt'-fu. n. s. [Fr.] An incendiary Bacon. Ob. J. BO'UTISALE, bdd'-te-sale. n, s. A sale at a cheap rate, as booty is commonly sold. Sir J. Haywara. BO'VATE*. n. s. [l/ovata, Lat.] As much land as one yoke of oxen can cultivate in a year. Burn. To BOW §, bdu. u. a. [bu£an, Sax.] To bend. Psalm cxliv. To bend the body in token of respect. 2 Kings, ii. To bend, or incline, in condescension Ecclus. iv. To depress. Shakspeare. To BOW, bdu. v. n. To bend. Habak. iii. To make a reverence. Shak. To stoop. Judges, vii. To sink under pressure. Isaiah, xlvi. BOW, bdu. n. s. An act of reverence or submission. Swift. BOW, bd. n. s. An instrument which shoots arrows. Genesis. A rainbow. Genesis, ix. The instrument with which stringed instruments are struck. Dry- den. The doubling of a string in a slip-knot. Wise- man. A yoke. Shak. The bows of a saddle are two pieces of wood laid archwise, to receive the upper part of a horse's back. Bow of a ship. That part other which begins at the loof; and compass- ing ends of the stern, and ends at the sternmost parts of the forecastle. 7b BOW t, bd. v. a. To bend sideways. #5= While some words are narrowing and contracting their original signification, others are dividing and sub- dividing into a thousand different acceptations. The verb to bow, rhyming with cow, might originally signify flex- ure every way, and so serve for that action which made any thing crooked, let its direction be what it would : but it appears certain, that at present it only means that flexure which is vertical, and which may be called a bowing down, but is by no means so applicable to that flexure which is sideways or horizontal, and for which necessity seems insensibly to have brought the verb I have inserted into use. This verb seems accompanied by the word out as tho other is by down, and we may say such a thing bows down, but another thing bows out, or swells sideways ; the first verb is pronounced so as to rhyme with cow, now, &.c. and the last with go, no, Sec. Milton seems to have used the word with this sound, where, in his Penseroso, he aays — " And love the high embowed roof, " With antique pillars' massy proof." But as nothing can tend more to the ambiguity of lan- guage than to have words spelled in the same manner sounded differently in order to distinguish their mean- ing by their pronunciation, I would humbly advise to spell the word bow, (to shoot with,) and the verb to bow (to bend sideways,) with the final e ; this slight addi- tion will relieve a reader from the embarrassment he is under at first sight, where he is not thoroughly ac- quainted with the circumstances of a relation, and does not know how to pronounce the word till he has read the context. For the propriety of this additional e, see the words Bowl and Form. I cannot refrain from quoting Mr. Nares on this word, as his opinion has great authority : — " A bow for arrows, " and to bow, when it signifies merely to bend any " thing, have ow like 5 long. This distinction I believe " to be right, though our great lexicographer has not ; ' noticed it. He gives to bow, in every sense, the regu- " lar sound of ow, (that is, rhyming with cow.) But of " this instance the first and fourth appear to be erro- " neous ; the third is doubtful ; and in the second, the " word is used to express an inclination of the body, but " metaphorically applied to trees. See tho four in- " stances from Shakspeare, Dryden, and Locke, under " To bow, v. a. No. 1." A want of attending to the different ideas the word bow conveys, as it is differently sounded, has occasioned the inconsistent sea terms ; the bow of a ship, rhyming with cow ; and an anchor, called the best bower, rhyming with hour ; and bow, in the word bowsprit, rhyming with go, no. &.c. W BOW BRA ID" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel ;— pine, p?n BOW-BEARER, b6'-bare-ur. n. s. An under officer of the forest. Cowel. BOW-BENT, bo'-bent. a. Crooked. Milton. BOW-HAND, b6'-hand. n. s. The hand that draws the bow. Spenser. BOW-LEG*, bo'-leg. n. s. A leg crooked as a bow. Bp. Taylor. BOW-LEGGED, bo'-leg'd. 359. a. Having crooked legs. BOW-SHOT, b6'-sh6t. n. s. The space which an arrow may pass in its flight. Gen. xxi. BOW- WINDOW*, b6'-wm'-d6. n. s. A window pro- jected outwards. See Bay-window. BO' W ABLE*, bo'4-bl. a. Flexible of disposition, i Wodroeplie's Fr. Gram. To BO'WEL*, bSu'-el. v. a. To take forth the bow- 1 els. Huloet and Minsheu. BO'WEL-LESS*, bSu'-gl-les. a. Without tender- ness or compassion. Browne. BO' YVELS§, bdu'-elz. n. *. [boyaux, Fr.] Intestines. 2 Sam. xx. The inner parts of any thing. Shak- speare. The seat of pity. Gen. xliii. Tenderness. Clarendon. BO'WER§, b6u'-ur. 98. n. s. [bun, Sax.] A cham- ber. Spenser. A cottage. Harrington. Any abode or residence. Milton. A shady recess. Shakspeare. BO'WER, b6fi'-ur. n. s. One of the muscles which bend the joints. Spensei: BO'WER, bdu'-ur. n. s. Anchors so called. To BO'WER, b&u'-ur. v. a. To embower. Slmlc. To BO'WER*, bS&'-ur. v.n. To lodge. Spat. Ob.T. BO'WERY, bou'-ftr-re. a. Embowering. Tickell. To BOWGE. See To Bouge. BO' WINGLY*, bo'-lng-le. ad. In a bending manner. Huloet. BOWL §, bole. n. s. [buelin, Welsh.) A vessel to hold liquids, rather wide than deep. Shakspeare. The hollow part of any thing. Swift. A basin, or foun- tain. Bacon. BOWL§, bole. n.s. [boule, Fr.] Around mass, which may be rolled along the ground. Sliakspeare. 35" Many respectable speakers pronounce this word so as to rhyme with howl, the noise made by a dog. Dr. John- son, Mr. Elphinston, and Mr. Perry, declare for it ; but Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Smith, pronounce it as the vessel to hold liquor, rhyming with hole. I remember having been corrected by Mr. Gar- rick for pronouncing it like howl ,• and am upon the whole of opinion, that pronouncing it as I have marked it is the preferable mode, though the least analogical. But as the vessel has indisputably this sound, it is ren- dering the language still moro irregular to give the ball a different one. The inconvenience of this irregularity iis often perceived in the word bow. To have the same word signify different things, is the fate of all languages ; but pronouncing the same word differently to signify different things, is multiplying difficulties without ne- | tessity ; for, though it may be alleged, that a different pronunciation of the same word to signify a different thing is, in some measure, remedying the poverty and ambiguity of language, it may be answered, that it is in reality increasing the ambiguity, by setting the eye and ear at variance, and obliging the reader to understand the context before he can pronounce the word. It may be urged, that the Greek and Latin languages had these ambiguities in words which were only distinguishable by their quantity or accent. But it is highly probable that the Greek language had a written accent to distin- guish such words as were pronounced differently to sig- nify different things, and this is equivalent to a different spelling ; and though the Latin word lego signified either to read or to send, according to the quantity with which the first syllable was pronounced, it was certain- ly an imperfection in that language which ought not to be imitated. Ideas and combinations of ideas will al- ways be more numerous than words ; and therefore the same word will often stand for very different ideas j but altering the sound of a word without altering the spell- ing, is forming an unwritten language. W. To BOWL, bole. v. a. To roll as a bowl. Shak. To pelt with any thing rolled. Shakspeare. To BOWL*, bile. v. n. To play at bowls. SJiak. BO'WLING*, bo'-lmg. n. s. The art of throwing bowls. Burton. BO' WLDER-STONES,b6le'-dur-st6nz. n.s. Lumps or fragments of stones broke, and cliffs rounded, by being tumbled to and again by the water. Wood- ward. BO'WLER, bo'-lur. n. s. He that plays at bowls. BOWLINE, bSu'-lln. ) n. s. [bouline, Fr.] A rope BO'WLING, bo&'-ling. ) fastened to the middle part of the outside of a sail. Harris. BCWLING-GREEN, b6'-ling-green. n. s. A level piece of ground, kept smooth for bowlers. Bentley. BO'WLING-GROUND*,b6'-lmg-grdund. n.s. The same as bowling-green. B. Jonson. BO'WMAN, b6'-man. 88. n. s. An archer. Jerem. iv BO'WNET*, b6'-n i . i 1 ;- -pOund; — tk'm, t To BROIL, brfill. r. n. To be in the heat ShaJc. BROILER*, brde'-lur. n. s. One who would excite a broil, or quarrel. Hammond. That which dresses bv cookery. Sherwood. To "BROKE*, broke, v.n. [byiuca^Sax.] To trans- act business for others. Sliakspeare. BROKEN, br6'-kn. 103. part. pass, of break. BROKEN-BELLIED*, bro'-kn-bel-lld. a. Having a ruptured belly. Sir M. Sandys. BROKEN-MEAT, bro'-kn-meet. Fragments. Swift. BROKENHEARTED, bro'-kn-har'-ted. a. Having the spirits crushed by grief or fear. lsaiali. BRO'KENLY, bro'-kn-Te. ad. Without any regular series. Hakeirill. BRO'KENNESS*, brf/-kn-nes. n.s. Unevenness. Smith. BROKEN WINDED*, bro'-kn-wlnd'-ed. a. Having short breath. May. BROKER, br6'-kur. n.s. A factor. Temple. One who deals in old goods. A pimp ; a match-maker. Shak. BROKERAGE, bro-kur-fdje. 90. n.s. The pay of a broker. BRO'KERLY*, bro'-kfir-le. a. Mean ; servile. B. Jonson. BROKERY*. bnV-kur-re. n.s. The business of a broker. Bp. Hail. BRO'KING, br6 ; -king. part. a. Practised by brokers. Sliakspeare. BRONCHIAL, brdn'-ke-al. ; a. Belonging to the BRONCHICK. br&n'-klk. \ throat. Arlndluwt. BRO'NCHOCELE, br6n'-k6-sele. [See Hydro- cele.] n. s. [(3poyxoK.r}\r}.] A tumour of the bron- chus. Quincy. BRONCHOTOMY, br&n-kot'-t6-me.518. n. s. That operation which opens the windpipe by incision. Quincy. BROND, brond. n.s. [bjionb, Sax.] See Brand. A sword. Spensef. BRONTOLOGY, bron-t&l'-o-je. n. s. {fipovrii and Xoyj'aJ A dissertation upon thunder. Diet. BRONZE S, br6nze. [br6nze. Perry.'] n.s. [bronze, Fr.] Brass. Pope. Relief, or statue, cast in brass and copper mixed. Prior. A factitious metal compounded of copper and tin. Cliambers. To BRONZE*, bronze, v. a. To harden as brass. Younz. BROOCH S, brootsh. n. s. [broche, Fr.] A jewel ; an oraament of jewels. SliaJcspcare. A painting all of one colour. Diet. To BROOCH, brootsh. v. a. To adorn with jewels. Shakspeare. To BROODS, brood, v.n. [bp.ob,Sax.] To sit, as on eggs. Milton. To cover chickens under the wing Dryden. To remain long in anxiety. Dryden. Tc mature any thing by care. Bacon. To BROOD, brdod. v. a. To cherish by care. Beau- mont and Fletcher. BROOD, br66d. n. s. [bnob,Sax.] Offspring, proge- ny. Fairfax. Thing bred. Addison. The number hatched at once. Spectator. A production. Sliak- speare. The act of covering the eggs. SJw.kspeare. BROODY, brod'-de. a. In a state of sitting on the eggs. Ray. BROOK, brook, [brfik, Perry and Jones.'] n.s. [bnoc bnoca, Sax.] A running water, less than a river. Shakspeare. To BROOKS, brook, c. a. [bjmcait, Sax.] To bear; to endure. Hooker. To BROOK, brook, v. n. To endure. Sidney. BROOKLLME, brOOkMlme. n. s. A sort of water speedwell. BRO'OKMINT*. brook'-mliV n.s. The water-mint. BRO'OKY*, brflok'-e. a. Abounding with ; rooks. Dyer. BROOM v, br66m. n.s. [bpom, Sax.] A small tree. Dryden. A besom. Sliaksjieare. To BROOM* broom. ) v. a. [In naval language.] To To BREAM* breem. < clean the ship. BROOMLAND,br36m'-land. n. s. Land that bears broom. Mortimer. BROOxMSTAFF, bro6m'-staf. n. s. The handle of a besom. ShaJcspeare. BROOMSTICK, broom'-srfk. n. s. A broomstafl. Swift. BROOMY, br6d'-me. a. Full of broom. Mortimer Consisting of broom. Swift. BROTH, broth, n. s. [bpoS,<6ax.] Liquor in which flesh is boiled. Bacon. BROTHELS, brdTH'-el. ?n.s. [bor BROTHELHOUSE, br&TH'-el-hoas. \ del, Fr.] A house of lewd entertainment. Sliakspeare. BRO'THELLER*, brOTH'-el-lar. n. s. He who fre- quents a brothelhouse. BROTHELRY*, brixH'-el-re. n.s. Whoredom. Bp. Hall. Obscenity. B. Jonson. BROTHERS, bruiV-ur. 98. n. s. [bpoSen, Sax.] One born of the same father and mother. Shak. Any one closely united ; associate. Chaucer. Any one resembling another in manner, form, or pro- fession. Proverbs, xviii. Brother is used, in theo- logical language, for man in general. 1 Cor. viii. BROTHERHOOD, brfiTH'-ur-hud. n.s. The state or quality of being a brother. Shakspeare. An association ; a fraternity. Davies. A class of men of the same kind. Addison. BROTHERLESS*, bruTH'-fir-les. a. Without a brother. Andr. Marvel. BROTHERLIKE*, br&TH'-ur-like. a. Becoming a brother. Shakspeare. BROTHERLOVE*. bruxH'-ur-l&v. n. s. Brotherly affection. Shakspeare. BROTHERLY, br&TH'-iVle. a. Natural ; such as becomes a brother. Bacon. BROTHERLY, br&TH'-Or-le. ad. After the manner of a brother. Shakspeare. BROUGHT, brawt. 393. part. pass, of bring. BROWS, brou. n.s. [bpsep, Sax.] The arch of hair over the eye. Dryden. The forehead. Shak. The general air of the countenance. Shak. The edge of any high place. Bacon. To BROW, br6u. v. a. To bound ; to limit. Milton. To BRO'WBEAT, brOu'-bete. v. a. To depress with severe brows and looks. Souih. BRO'WBEATING*, br6u'-bete-?ng. n. s. The act of depressing by stern or lofty looks. L' Estrange. BROWBOUND, brofi'-bofind. a. Crowned. Shak. BROWLESS*. brd&Mes. a. Without shame. L. Addison. BRO'WSICK, broft'-sik. a. Dejected. Suckling. BROWNS, brMn. a. [bjiun, Sax.] The name of a colour. Sliakspeare. BRO'WNBILL, brSun'-bil. n.s. The ancient weap- on of the English foot. Hudibras. BROWNISH, brdun'-ish. a. Somewhat brown. Woodwo.rd. BROWNISM* brOunMsm. n.s. The heresy of those who adopted the opinions of Robert Brown. Milton. BROW'NIST*, brcun'-ist. n. s. One of the sect of Robert Brown, a noted sectarist, in the time oi Queen Elizabeth, who confined the church of God to his conventicle, excluding- all other Christians ou* of the pale of the church. Pagitt. EtOWNNESS, broiW-nes. n. s. A brown colon;. Gloom/ BRO'WNSTUDY, broun-stud'-de. n, meditations. JVorris. BRO' WN WORT*. brofin'-wurt. n. s. The fig-wort. BRVWNIE*, br6iV-ne. n.s. A spirit, foolishly sup- posed to haunt old houses in Scotland. BRO WNY* brou'-ne. a. Brown. Shakspeare. To BROWSES, brduze. v. a. To eat branches, or shrubs. Spenser. To BROWSE, brSoze. v. n. To feed. Shakspeare. BROWSE, broftse. n. s. Branches, or shrubs. Dryden. BROWSING*, brd&z'-mg. n. s. Food which deer find in youi.g coppices. Howell. To BRUISE S, br66ze. 343. r. a. [bpyran, Sax.] To crush or mangle with a heavy blow, or fall. Gen. iii. BRUISE, br66ze. n. s. A hurt with something blunt and heavy. Nahum, iii. BRUISER*, broo'-z&r. n.s. A concave tool for grinding the specula of telescopes. Chambers. In vulgar language, a boxer. 157 BUB BUB (CT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin; BRU'ISEWORT, brooze'-wfirt. «. ». An herb. BRUITS, brfiot. 343. ».*. [And, Goth.] Rumour; report. !To BRUIT, broot. v. a. To report. Shakspeare. BRU'MAL, br6o'-mal! ad. [brumalis, Lat.] Belong- ing to the winter. Brown. BRUN, BRAN, BROWN, BOURN, BURN, all from the Sax. bopn, boupn, bpunna, bupna, sig- nifying- a river or brook. BRUNETTE, br65-neV. n. s. [brunette, Fr.] A wo- man with a brown complexion. Addisori. BRU'NION, briV-yon. n. s. [brugnon, Fr.] A fruit between a plum and a peach. Trevoux. BRUNT, brunt, n. s. [bpennan.] Shock ; violence. Sidney. Blow; stroke. Sjtenser. A brief and sudden effort. Bp. Hill. BRUSH $, brush, n.s. [orosse, Fr.] An instrument to clean any thing-. The larger pencils used by painters, Stilling jleet. A rude assault. Sluxkspeare. A thicket. Spenser. To BRUSH, brush. |>. a. To sweep with a brush. Shak. To strike with quickness. Spenser. To paint with a brush. Pope. To carry away, by an act like that of brushing. Milton. To move as the brush. Dryden. To BRUSH", brush, v. n. To move with haste. Dry- den. To flv over. BRU'SHER,' brush'-fir. n.s. He that uses a brush. Bacon. BRU'SHET*, brflsh'-St. n. s. See Buskf.t. BRU'SHWOOD, brfish'-wfiod. n.s. Rough, low, close thickets. Dryden. BRU'SHY, brush'-e. a. Rough or shagjcv, like a brush. Boyle. BRUSK*, brfisk. a. [brusque, Fr.] Rude. Sir H. Wolton. To BRU'STLE §, brftft-sL 472. v. n. [bpaj-fchan, Sax.l To crackle. Gower. BRUTAL, broo'-tal. 343. a. That which belongs to a I brute. Savage; cruel. Dryden. BRUTA'LITY, brofi-tal'-e-te. n.s. Savageness. Locke. 7\> BRUTALIZE, br66'-ta-llze. v. n. To grow bru- tal. Addison. To BRUTALIZE, brfio'-ta-llze. v. a. To make brutal. Cowper. BRUT A ELY . 1 -rotV-tal-le. ad. Churlishly. A rhdhnot. BRUTE *, brOot.339. a. [brulus, Lat.] Senseless. Bentlev. Swage. Holder. Bestial. Milton. Rough; ferociv us. Pope. BRUTE, brfifit. n. s. An irrational creature ; a savage. Milton. To RRUTE, brfiot. v. a. [for bruit.'] To report. Krwllrs. BRUTELY*, brootMe. ad. In a rough manner. Milton. BRUTENESS, brftftt'-nSs. n. s. Brutality. Spenser. To BRUTIFY, brfifit'-te-fl. v. a. To make a man a brute; Congreve. To render the mind brutal. Barroiv. BRUTISH, brfio'-tfsh. a. Bestial. Milton. Savage; ferocious. Grew. Gross ; carnal. Shak. Ignorant ; uncivilized. Hooker. Unconscious; insignificant. Sandys. BRUTISHLY, brfio'-tfsh-le. ad. Savagely. King Charlc broS'-tlsh-nes.?, n. Brutality. i. [brouter, BRUTISHNESS Sprat. To BRUT§*,orBRUTTE§* f brfit. w Fr.] To browse. Ereh/n. BRUTTING*, brfit'-tlhg. n. s. Browsing. Evelyn. BRY'ONY, brl'-o-ne. n. s. [bryoma, Lat.] A plant. B. Jonson. BUB, bub. n. s. Liquor. Prior. To BUB*', bub. v. a. To throw out in bubbles. Sack- rille. Ob. T. BU'BBLES, bfib'-bl. 405. n.s. [bohbel, Dutch.] A small biadder of water. Bacon. That which wants solidity and firmness. Bacon. A cheat. Swift. The person cheated. Prior. To BU'BBLE, bfib'-bl. v. n. To rise in bubbles. To run with a gentle noise. Dryden. To BU'BBLE, bfib'-bl. v. a. To cheat. Addison BUBBLER, bfib'-blfir. 405. n.s. A cheat. Di&oy. BU'BBLY*, bfib'-ble. a. Consisting of bubbles. Nashe. BU'BBY.bfib'-be. n.s. A woman's breast. Arlndhnot. BU'BO, bu'-bb. n. s. [Lat.] That part of the groin from the bending of ihe thigh to the scrotum ; and therefore all tumours in that part are called buboes. Wiseman. >- BUBONOCELE, bu-b&n'-6-sele. [See Hydro- cele.] n. s. A kind of rupture, when the intestines break down into the groin. Sharp. BU'BUKLE, bu'-b&k-kl. n.s. A red pimple. Shak. BUCANFERS, bfik-a-neerz'. n. s. A cant word for the privateers, or pirates, of A merica. Bp. Berkeley. BUCCELLATION, bfik-sel-la'-shfin. n.s. [buccella, Lat.] A dividing into large pieces. Harris. BUCK §, bfik. n. s. [bauche, Germ.] The liquor in which clothes are washed. Shak. The clothes washed in the liquor. Shakspeare. BUCK*, bfik. n. s. A cant word for a bold, ostenta- tious, or forward person. T. Warton.. BUCK §, bfik. n. s. [bucca. Sax.] The male of the fallow deer, and of rabbits, and other animals. Pcacham. To BUCK, bfik. v. a. To wash clothes. Shakspeare. To BUCK, bfik. v. n. To copulate as bucks and does. Mortimer. BU'CKBASKET, bfik'-bas-kft. ?i.s. The basket in which clothes are carried to the wash. Shakspeare. BU'CKBEAN, bfik'-bene. n.s. A sort of trefoil. Fi'oyer. BU'CKET ssbfiV-kit. 99. n.s. [buc, SaxJ The vessel in which water is drawn, or carried. Shak. Dryd. BU'CKINGSTOOL^bfik'-lng-stfiol. n.s. A wash- ing block. Gayttm. BU/CKLE§, bfik'-kl. 405. n.s. [bu-ccl, Welsh.] A link of metal, with a tongue or catch made «o fasten one thing to another. Snak. The state of the hair crisped and curled, by being kept long in the same state. Spectator. To BU'CKLE, bfik'-kl. «. a. To fasten with a buckle. Shak. To prepare to do any thing. Spimser. To join in battle. Hayv:ard. To confine. Shakspeare. l s o BU'CKLE. bfik'-kl. v.n. To bend; to bow. Shak.— To buckle to. To apply to. Dryden.. To buckle icith. To engage with. Shakspeare. BU'CKLER§, bfik'-lfir. n.s. [bivcckd, Welsh.] A shield. Dryilen.. To BUCKLER, bfik'-lfir. v. a. To defend. Shak. BU'CKLER-THORN,bfik'-lfir-*/t6rn. n.s. Christ's- thorn. BU'CKMAST, bfik'-mast. n.s. The fruit or mast of (he beech tree. BU'CKRAM§, bflk'-rfim. n.s. [bougram, Fr.] A sort of linen .Moth, stiffened with gum. Shakspeare. BU'CKRAM*. bfik'-rftm. a. Stiff fprecise. Fnlke. BU'CKRAMS, bfik'-rfimz. n. s. Wild garlick. BU'CKSHORN PLANTAIN, bfiks'-horn-plan'-tm. n. s. A plant. Miller. BU'CKSKIN* bfik'-skin. a. Made of the skin of a buck. Taller. BU'CKSTALL*, bfik'-stawl. n.s. A net to catch deer. Huloet. BLACKTHORN, b&k'-tfidrn. n. s. A tree that bears a purging ben--. iT/rtarwtirp.AT BU'CKWHEAT, bfik'-hwete. n. s. A plant. Miller. BUCO / LICAL§*,bi-k6lMk-aI. a. [Povko\o S .] Pas- toral. Skelton. BUCO'LICK, bfi-k6l / -?k. a. Pastoral. Warton. BUCO'LICK*, bu-koK-ik. n.s. A writer of bnrolicks or pastorals. Warton. A bucolickpoem. Warton. §£f From the tenflency we have to remove the accent to the beginning of such Latin words as we Anglicise by dropping the last syllable, we sometimes hear this word improperly accented on the first syllable. — See Acade- mt. The authorities for the accent on the second syl- lable are, Mr. Slieridan, Dr. Johnson, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Dr. Kenrick, Bailey, Dr. Ash, and Entick ; Bu- chanan stands alone for the accent on the first. W. BUD$, bud. n. s. [hout.on, Fr.] The first shoot of a plant. Shakspeare. To BUD, bftd. v.n. To put forth young shoot3. 158 BUI BUL — no, move, nAr, not ;— lube, l6b, bull ;— oil 5— pound ;— thin, thjs. Ecclus. xxxix. To rise as a g-rm from the stalk. Clarendon. To be in the bloom. Shakspeare. To BUD, bud. P. a. To inoculate. Temple. BU'DDLE*, bud'dl.n.f. A sort of frame made to re- ceive the ore aAer its first separation from its grossest foulness. Chambers. To BUDGE}, bftdje. v.n. [bouger, Fr.] To stir. S'uiksptare. BUDGE, bfojje. a. StilTor surly. MUton. BUDG E,b6dje. n.s. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. Btjrsttm. IM DGENESS*, bftdje'-nes. n. s. Sternness ; se- veriiv. Statu/ hurst. BU DGER. bad'-jur. ns. One that moves from his place. S.'ia'.speare. BUDGET, bfid'-jet. n.s. [bogeUe, Fr.] A bag. Spenser. A store, or slock. L' Estrange. The state- ment made in the House of Commons, of the finances of die kingdom. BU 'DGY*. bad'-je. a. Consisting of fur. Thule, or Virtue's Hislorie. BUFF, buf. n. s. A buffalo. A sort of leather prepared from the skin of the buffalo. Dryden. A military coat made of thicK leather. Shak. The colour of the leather, of a very light yellow. The sizy, vis- cid, tough mass, which forms on the upper surface of (he blood. Chambers. To BUFFo. buf. v. a. [buffe, Fr.J To strike. B. Jon- son. Ob. J. BUFFALO, bftf-fa-16. n. s. [Ital.] A kind of wild ox. Dryden. EU FFET. buf -fit. 99. n.s. [buffet, Fr.] A blow with the fist. Wicliffe. Slialcspeare. BUFFE'T, b&fcHV. n. s. [buffeite, Fr.] A kind of cupboard. Pope. To BU'FFET, buf -fit. 99. r. a. To strike with the hand. Sha'cspeare. The mournful or funeral peal of bells . The AH of Kinging. To BU'FFET, buf-fit. v. n. To play a boxing-match. S'lakspeare. BU T/ FFETER. buf -fit-tor. n. s. A boxer. Shencocd. BU'FFETING*.n.s.bui 7 -fit-lng. Stroke. Warburton. EU'FFLE. b&f-fl. 405. n.s. The same with buffalo. Sir T. Herbert. To BU'FFLE, bfif-fl. v.n. To puzzle: to be at a loSS. Sirift. BU FFLErlEADED, buf -fl-hed-ed. a. A man with a lar;re head, like a buffalo 5 dull; stupid. Gayton. BUFFOONS, buf-f66n'. n. s. [buffon, Fr.] A man who makes sport by low jests and antick postures, j Daries. He that practises indecent raillery. Garth. To BUFFO'ON*, buf-fSon'. v. a. To make ridicu- lous. Glanvi/le. BUFFO'ONERY.buf-foon'-ur-re. n.s. The practice of a buffoon. Locke. Low jests. Dryden. BUFFOONING*, buf-fdon'-ing. n. s. Buffoonery. Dn/den. BUFFO'ONISM* tuf-f6on'-?zm. n.s. Jesting. Min- sheu. To BUFFO'ONTZE^buf-foOn'-lze. v.n. To play the fool, jester, or buffoon. Minslieu. BUFFO'ON LIKE* buf-fo6n'-llke. a. Resembling a buffoon. Slierwood. BUFFOONLY*, bfif-f66n'-le. a. Scurrile; ridicu- lous. Goodman. BUG 6, bug. n. s. A stinking insect bred in old house- hold stuff. Ray. BUG $, bug. ) n.s. A frightful object ; a BU'GiJEAR, bfig'-bare. ) walking spectre. Spen- ser. Locke. BU'GGINESS, bfig'-ge-nes. n. s. The state of being infected with bugs. BU'GGY, bug'-ge. 383. a. Abounding with bugs. BUG I ,E, bu'-gl. 405. ) n. s. >utfen, Sax.] BU'GLEHORN^u'-gl-hfim'. \ A hunting horn. Spenser. Tirkell. BU'GLE, bu'-gl. n. s. A shining bead of black glass. Shaksneare. "U'GLE, bu'-gl. n.s.[bugula, Lat.] A plant. Miller. BU'GLOSS, btV-glos. n. s. [buglossum, Lat.] The herb ox-tongue. To BUILDS, bild. 341. v. a preter. I built, I have built ; [bylban, Sax.] To make a fabrick, ot edi fice. 1 Chron. To raise in any laboured form S)Kctator. To raise any thing on a support or foundation. Spenser. To BUILD, bild. v. n. To play the architect. Pope. To depend on. Hooker. BUI LDER, bild'-6r. 93. n. s. An architect. Sidney BUILDING, blld'-lng. 410. n. s. A fabrick; an edi fice. Shakspeare. BUILT, bilt. n. s. The form; the structure. Dryden Species of building. Temple. BUL*, bfil. n. s. The common flounder. Chambers. BULBS, bulb. n. s. [bulbus, Lat.] A round body or root. Evelyn. To BULB out*, v. a. To project. BULBA'CEOUS bul-ba'-shfis. a. [Lat.] Bulbous Diet. BU'LBED*, bul'-bed. a. Round-headed. Cotgrave. BU T/ LBOUS,b5l'-bus. 314. a. Containing bulbs. Bac. BULGE*, bulje. n.s. A leak, the breach which lets in water. See To Bilge. To BULGE, bulje. v. n. To take in water ; to foun- der. Dryden. To jut out. Moxon. BU'LIMY, bu'-le-me. n. s. [povXifiia.] An enormous appetite, attended with fainting, and coldness of the extremities. Diet. BULK?, bulk. n. s. [bulcke, Dutch.] Magnitude. Bacon. Size; quantity. Soullt. The gross; the majority. Addison. Main fabrick. Shak. The main part of a ship's cargo. BULK, bulk. n. s. A part of a building jutting out. Shakspeare. BU'LKHEAD, bulk-hed'. n. s. A partition made across a ship. Harris. BU LKINESS, bul'-ke-nes. 11. s. Greatness of size. Locke. BU'LKY, bfil'-ke. a. Of great size. Dryden. BULLS, bill. 1*13. n. s. [bulle, Dutch.] The male of black cattle. Shak. In the scriptural sense, an ene- my. Psalm, xxii. One of the twelve signs of the zo diack. Thomson. A letter published by popes and emperours. Ayliffe. A blunder; a contradiction. Mikon. A stock-jobber. BULL, in composition, generally notes the large size of any thing, as, bull-Iiead, bull-rush, bull-trout ; and is therefore only an augmentative syllable, without much reference to its original signification BULL-BAITING, bul'-ba-tfng. n. s. The sport of baiting bulls with dogs. Addison. BULL-BEEF,bul'-beef. n. s. Coarse beef. Shak. BULL-BEGGAR, bul'-beg-ur. n. s. Something ter- rible; something to fright children with. Sir T. Smith. BULL-CALF, bul'-kaf. n. s. A he-calf. Shaksj:eare. BULL-DOG, bul'-dog. n. s. A dog of a particular form, remarkable for his courage, used in baiting the bull. Addison. BULL-FACED*, bul'-faste. a. Having a large face. Dryden. BULL-FINCH, bul'-finsh. n.s. A small bird, that has neither song nor whistle of its own, yet is very apt to learn. Thomson. BULL-HEAD, bul'-hed. n.s. A stupid fellow. The name of a fish ; the miller's thumb. Walton. A little black water vermin. Philips. BULL-TROUT, bul'-trout. n. s. A large kind of irout. Walton. BULL-WEED, bul'-weed. n. s. Knapwoed. BULL-WORT, bul'-wurt. ) „ „ A . „, BISHOPS-WEED, bish'-fips-weed. \ n - s - A P Iant - BU'LLACE, bul'-lls. 98. 11. s. A wild sour plum. Bacon. BU'LLARY*. bul'-a-re. n. s. [bullarium, Lat.] A collection of papistical b-dls. South. BU'LLET, bul'-llt. 99. n. s. [boulet, Fr.] A round ball of metal, shot out of guns. Svenser. BULLETIN*, bul'-e-dn. n.s. [Fr.] An official ac- count of publick news. BU'LLION, bul'-yfin. 113.». s. [billon, Fr.] Gold 0* silver in the lump. Bacon. 159 BUN BUR U* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;— To BU'LLIRAG*, bul'-le-rag. v. a. [See To Bal- larag.] To insult in a bullying manner. BU'LLISH*, bul'-lish. a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. Milton. BU'LLIST*, bul'-l?st. n.s. [bulliste, Fr.] A writer of papal bulls. Hannar. BUL1 I'TJON, bdl-lish'-un. 177. n.s. [bullio, Lat.] The act or slate of boiling. Bacon. BULLOCK, bul'-luk. 166. n. s. [bulluca, Sax.] A young^ bull gelt, or ox. Sliakspeare. BU'LLY§, bul'-le. n. s. A noisy, blustering, quarrel- ling fellow. Sludcspeare. To BU'LLY, bul'-le. v. a. To overbear with noise or menaces. King. To BU'LLY, bul'-le. v. n. To be noisy. Bramston. BU'LRUSH, bul'-rush. n. s. A large rush without knots. Spenser. BU'LRUSHY*, bul'-rush-e. a. Made of bulrushes. Huloet. BU'LTEL*. n. s. [bulletins, low Lat.] The bran of meal after dressing. Clwmbers. A bolter-cloth. BU'LWARK $, bul'-wurk. n. s. [holwercke, Dutch.] What is now called a bastion. Spenser. A fortifi- cation. Hayward. A security. Sliakspeare. To BU'LWARK, bul'-wurk. v. a. To fortify with bulwarks. Addison. BUM.§, bum. n. s. [bomme, Dutch.] The buttocks. Shakspeare. To BUM*, bu*i. v. n. To make a noise or report. Marston. BUMBA'ILIFF, b&m-ba'-llf. n. s. [a corruption of bound bailiff".] A bailiff employed in arrests. Shak. BU'MBARD, bum'-bard. n. s. [for bombard.] A great gun; a black jack; a leathern pitcher. Sliakspeare. BU'MBAST, b&m'-bast. n. s. See Bombast. BU'MBLEBEE*, bum'-bl-bee. n. s. The wild bee, or humble bee. BUMBOAT*, biW-b6te. n.s. A large, clumsy boat, used in carrying vegetables and liquors. BUMP, bump. n. s. [boinps, Goth.] A swelling ; a protuberance. Shakspeare. To BUMP, b&mp. v. n. [bommen, Dutch.] To make a loud noise, or bomb. Dry den. BUMP*, b&mp. n. s. The mugient noise made by the bittern. Skellon. BU'MPER, bum'-p&r. 98. n. s. A cup filled till the liquor swells over the brim. Dryden. BU'MPKIN, bump'-kin. n. s. An awkward, heavy rustick. Dryden. BU'MPKINLY, b&mp'-kln-le. a. Clownish. Clarissa. BUNCH $, bfinsh. 352. n. s. [buncker, Danish.] A hard lump. Isaiah. A cluster. Sliak. A number of things tied together. Spenser. Any thing bound into a knot. Spenser. To BUNCH, b&nsh. v n. To swell out in a bunch. Woodward. BU'NCHBACKED, b&nsh'-bakt. a. Crookbacked. Shakspeare. BU'NCHINESS, bunsh'-e-nes. n. s. Growing in bunches. Sherwood. BU'NCHY, b&n'-she, a. Growing in bunches. Grew. BU'NDLE§, bun'-dl. 405. n. s. [byn&le.J A number of things bound together. Hale. A roll. Spectator. To BUNDLE, b&n'-dl. v. a. To .tie in a bundle. Locke. BUNG §, bung, n. s. [bwng, Welsh.] A stopple for a barrel. Mortimer. To BUNG, bung. v. a. To stop. Kersey. BU'NGHOLE , bun°r'-hdle. n. s. The hole at which the barrel is filled, and which is afterwards stopped up. Sliakspeare. ToBU'NGLES, bung'-gl. 405. v. n. To perform clumsily. Dryden. To BUN'GLE, bung'-gl. v.a. To botch. Sliakspeare. BU'NGLE, b&ng'-gl. n. s. A botch. Ray. BU'NGLER, bungj-gl&r. n. s. [bwngler, Welsh.] A bad workman. Peacham. BU'NGLINGLY, b&ng'-gllng-le.arf. Clumsily. Bent- ley. BUNN, bun. n. s. [bunna, Irish.] A kind of sweet bread. Gay. BUNT, bunt. n. s. A swelling part. Carew. The middle part of a sail, formed into a bag, that it may receive the more wind. Harris. To BUNT, bunt. v. n. To swell out. BU'NTER, bun'-tfir. 98. n.s. A low, vulgar woman. Goldsmith. BU'NTING, bun'-ting. n. s. The name of & bird. Sliakspeare. BU'NTING, bun'-tlng. n. s. The stuff of which a ship's colours are made. BUO¥§, bode. 346. n.s. [bouee, Fr.] A piece of cork or wood floating on the water, tied to a weight at the bottom. Sliakspeare. To BUOY, bode. v. a. To keep afloat ; to bear up. K. Charles. To BUOY, bode. v. n. To float. Pope. BUO'YANCY, bode'-an-se. n. «. The quality of float- ing. Derham. BUO'YANT, bdde'-ant. a. Floating; light. Dry- den. BUR, BOUR, BOR, [bup,Sax.] An inner chamber. Gibson's Camden. BUR, b&r. n. s. A rough head of a plant, called a burdock. Sluikspeare. BU'RBOT, bur'-b&t. 166. n. s. A fish called the eei pout. Chambers. BU'RDELAIS, bur-de-la', n. s. [Bour delate.] A sort ofgrape. BU'RDEN §, b&r'-dn. 103. n. s. [bypSen, Sax.] A load. Sliak. Something grievous. Milton. A birth. Shak. The verse repeated in a song; the bob; the chorus. Dryden. The quantity that a ship will carry. A club. Spenser. To BU'RDEN, bur'-dn. v. a. To load. Ecclus. BU'RDENER, bur'-dn-ur. 98. n. s. A loader. BUTtDENOUS, b&r'-dn-us. a. Grievous. Sidney. Useless ; cumbersome. Milton. BU'RDENSOME, bur'-dn-sum. a. Troublesome to be borne. Milton. BURDENSOMENESS, bdr'-dn-sum-nes. n. s. Weight; heaviness. BU'RDOCK, bfir'-dok. n. 5. A plant. BUREAU, bu-rd'. n. s. [Fr.] A chest of drawers with a writing board. Swift. BURG, burg. n. s. See Burgh, and Burrow. BURGAGE, bur'-gadje. 90. n. s. [bourgage, Fr.] A tenure proper to cities and towns, whereby men hold their lands or tenements of the king, or other lord, for a certain yearly rent. Hale. BU'RGAMOT, bur-ga-mot'. n. s. [bergamotie, Fr.] A species of pear. A kind of perfume. BU'RGANET, or BU'RGONET, bfir'-gd-net. n. s [bourginote, Fr.] A kind of helmet. Spenser. BU'RGEOIS, bddr'-zhwa. or bur-jdfs'. n. s. [bourgeois, Fr.] A citizen ; a burgess. Addison. A type of a particular sort, probably so called irorn him who first used it. To BU'RGEON*. See To Bourgeon. BU'RGEON*, bur'-j&n. n. s. [In gardening.] A knot or button put forth by the branch of a tree in the spring. Chambers. BU'RGESS, bur'-jgs. n. s. [bourgeois, Fr.] A citi- zen; a freeman of a city or corporate town. Beau- mont and F/etclier. A ' representative of a town corporate. Wotton. BU'RGESS-SHIP*, bur'-jes-sh?p. n. s. The state and quality of a burgess. South. BURGH §, burg. 392. n.s. [bup£, Sax.] A corporate town or borough. Graunt. BU'RGHER, bfirg'-ur. n. s. [from burgh.] One who has a rigK to certain privileges in a place. BU'RGHERSHIP, bfir'-gur-ship. n. s. The privi- lege of a burgher. BU'RGLAR. burg'-l&r. n. s. One guilty of the crime of housebreaking. Ld. Northampton. BURGLA'RIOUS*, bur-gla'-re-fis. a. Relating to housebreaking. Ash. BU'RGLARY?, bur'-gla-re.ra.s. [from burg, a house, and larron, a thief] The robbing of a house. Cowel. BU'RGMASTER. See Burgomaster. 160 * BUR BUS — n6, move, n6r, not ; — tube, tub, bull ; — 6fl ; — pound ; — tlim, Tuis. EtGMOTE*, burg'-m6te. n. s. A borough court. "Burke. BU UGOMASTER. biV-g6-ma-stnr. n. s. One em- ployed in the government of a city. Addison. ElGRAVE*, lnV-grave. n. s. (bourg, and grave, Germ, a count.] A:i hereditary govcrnour of a eastle or town. Bcde. BU RGUNDY*, biV-gim-de. n. s. Wine made in Burgundy. Thomson. BURH. bur, is a tower; and from that, a defence or protection. Gibson. BU RIAL. beV-re-al. 178. n. s. The act of burying. Slui/c. The act of placing- any tiling under earth or water. Bacon. The church service for fune- rals. Atjliffe. BURIAL-PLACE*, biV-re-al-plase. n.s. A place set apart for burial. Warton. BU R1ER. beV-re-tir. n. s. He that buries. Ezek. xxxix. BU R1XE. bu'-rln. n. s. A graving tool. Govern- ment of the Tongue. To BURL §, burl. v. a. To dress cloth as fullers do. BU'RLER* biV-l&r. n. s. A dresser of cloth. Dyer. BU RLACE, biir'-lase. n.s. A sort of grape. BURLESQUE^, bflr-lesk'. 415. a. [burlesque, Fr.] Jocular ; tending to raise laughter. Addison. BURLE'SQUE, bur-lfisk/. n.s. Ludicrous language, oi- ideas. Wallis. To BURLE'SQUE, bur-lesk'. v. a. To turn to ridi- cule. Glanville. BURLE'SQUER*. bur-lSsk'-fir. n. s. He who turns a circumstance into ridicule. BURLE'TTA*, bur-let'-ta. n. s. [from burlarc, Ital. to jest.] A musical farce. BURLINESS, bfir'-le-ngs. n. s. Bulk; bluster Drayton. BU RLY &, bfir'-le.a. [from boorlike, clownish.] Great of stature; bulky; tumid. Sha/c. Replete; full. Drayton. Boisterous ; loud, [borlen, Teut. to make a noise.] Beaumont. 7i> BURM, burn. v. a. preterit and participle, burned, or burnt, [bepnan, bvnnan, Sax.] To con- sume with fire. Joshua, vi. To wound with fire. Exodus, xxi. To exert the qualities of heat, by drving or scorching. Dnjden. To BURN, burn. v. n. To be on fire. Joel, ii. To shino. Shak. To be inflamed with passion. Shale. To act with destructive violence of passion. Psalm Lxxxix. To be in a state of destructive commotion. Pope. It is used particularly of love. Addison. BURN. burn. n. s. A hurt caused by fire. Boyle. 3V RNABLE*, burn'-a-bl. a. That which may be burnt up; adustible. Cotgrace. RU'RNER, InV-nur. n. s. A person that burns any thing. Brevint. BU'RNET, biV-nh. 99. n.s. A plant. Shakspeare. BU RNING, bur'-iiing. 410. n.s. Fire; flame; state of inflammation. South. The thing to be burned. Jtrem. xxxiv. The act of burning. More. BU'RNING, bur'-ning. a. Vehement ; powerful. ?peare. BU RNING-GLASS, bur'-nfng-glas. n. s. A glass which collects the rays of the sun into a narrow compass, and increases their force. Shakspeare. ^oBU'RNTSHsS biV-nlsh. v. a. [burnir, Fr.] To polish ; to e'ive a gloss to. Shakspeare. To BURNISH, biV-nfsh. v. n. To grow bright. Swift. To BURNISH, bur'-nlsh. v. n. To grow; to spread out. Dn/den. BU RNISH* biV-n?sh. n.s. A gloss. Crashaic. BU RNISHER, bfir'-nlsh-ur. n.s. He that burnishes. The tool with which bookbinders give a gloss to the leaves of books. BURNT, burnt, part. pass, of burn. King. BURR*, bur. n. s. The sweetbread. BURR, bur. v. s. The lobe or lap of the ear. Diet. BU'RREL, bur'-rll. 99. n. s. A sort of pear. Phil- lips. BU RREL Fly, bur'-ril-fil The oxflv, gadbee, or brcese. Diet. BU'RREL Shot. A sort ofcaseshot. Harris. 21 BU'RROCK, bur'-rfik. 7i.s. A small wear or dam. Phillips. BU'RROW $, BERG $, BURG $, BURGH $, n. s. A corporate town. Cowel. The holes made in the ground by conies. Shak. The improper word for barrow, a mount. Sir T. Brown. To BURROW, b&r'-ro. v. n. To make holes in the ground. Mortimer. BU'RSAR§, bur'-sur. 88. n. s. [bursarius, Lat.] The treasurer of a college. Potter. Exhibitioners in the universities of Scotland. BU'RSARSHIP*, biV-s&r-slnp. n. s. The office of bursar. Hales. BU'RSARY*, bur'-sa-re. n.s. The treasury of a col- lege. In Scotland, an exhibition. BURSE, burse, n. s. [bourse, Fr.] An exchange where merchants meet, and shops are kept. Phil- lips. To BURSTS, burst, r. n. I burst; 1 have burst, or bursten. [bunpean, Sax.] To break, or fly open. Prov. iii. To fly asunder. Sluik. To break away. Pope. To come suddenly, or with violence. Shale. To begin an action violently or suddenly. Milton. To BURST, burst, v. a. To break suddenly. Shak. BURST, burst, n. s. A sudden disruption. Shak. BURST, burst. ) pari. a. Diseased BURSTEN, biV-stn. 405, 472 3 with a rupture. Beaumont and Fletcher. BU'RSTENNESS*, bur'-stn-nes. n.s. A rupture. Shencood. BU'RSTER*, bfir'-stiir. n. s. A breaker or beater in pieces. Cotgrave. BU'RSTWORT, bfirst'-wfirt. n.s. An herb good against ruptures. Diet. BURT, hurt. n. s. A fish of the turbot kind. BU'RTHEN, bur'-THn. 468. n s ) See Burden To BURTHEN, bur'-THn. v. a. S Draijton. BU'RTON, bur'-tn. n. s. In a ship, a small tackle, consisting of two single pulleys. Phillips. BU'RY, beV-re. n. s. [bup£, Sax.] A dwelling- place ; a termination still added to the names of several places. Phillips. BU'RY, beV-re. n.s. [corrupted from borough.] Grew. BU'RY Pear*, [beuree, Fr.] The name of a very tender and delicate pear. Cotgrave. To BU'RY §, beV-re. 178. v. a. [bip*an, Sax.] To in- ter; to put into a grave. Shak. To inter, with the rites of sepulture. Shak. To conceal ; to hide. Shak. To place one thing within another. Shak. BURYING*, ber'-re-mg. n.s. Burial. St. John, xii. BU'RYING-PLACE^eV-re-ing-plase. n.s. A place appointed for sepulture. Judges, xvi. BUSH §, bush. 173. n. s. [busch, teut.] A thick shrub. Sjienser. A bough of a tree fixed up at a door, to show that liquors are sold there. Sliak. The tail of a fox. Coles. To BUSH, bush. v. n. To grow thick. Milton. BUSHEL, bush'-ll. 173. n.s. [buschel, old Fr.T A measure containing eight gallons. Shak. A large quantity. Dnjden. Bushels, or rather bushes, of a cart-wheel. Irons within the hole of the nave, to preserve it from wearing. Diet. BU'SHELAGE* bush'-Mje. n. s. Duty payable on every bushel of measurable commodities. BU'SHET* bfish'-h. n. s. A wood. See Busket. BU'SHINESS, bush'-e-nes. n.s. The quality of being bushy. BU'SHMENT, bush'-ment. n. s. A thicket. Raleigh. BU'SHY, bush'-e. a. Thick. Spenser. Thick like a bush. Addison. Full of bushes. Dnjden. BU'SILESS, biz'-zWfe. 178. a. At leisure. Shak. BU'SILY, blz'-ze-le. ad. AVith an air of hurry. Curi- ously; importunately. Dryden. Earnestly. BUSINESS, blz ; -nfis. 178. n.s. Employment. Donne. An affair. Shak. The subject of business. Dry- den. Serious engagement. Addison. Right of action. L' 'Estrange. A point; a matter of ques- tion. Bacon. Something to be transacted. Judges, xviii. Something required to be done. Berkley. — To do one's busi?iess. To kill, or ruin him. BUSK, busk. n. s. [busqve, Fr.] A piece of steel or 161 BUT BUY O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel ;— pine, pin ;- whalebone, worn by women to strengthen their stays. Donne. BUSK$*, busk, n. s. [busk, Dan.] A bush. Davison. To BUSK, busk. v. a. To make ready. Fairfax. BU'SKET*, bfis'-kft. n. s. A sprig or small bush. Spenser. A small compartment of gardens, formed of trees, shrubs, and tall flowering plants, set in quarters. Miller. BU'SK1N§, bfts'-km. n.s. [broseken, Dutch.] A kind of half boot. Sidney. A high shoe worn by the an- cient actors of tragedy. Dryden. BU'SKINED, bus'-kmd. 359. a. Dressed in buskins. Milton. Relating to tragedy. Drayton. BU'SKY, biV-ke. a. Woody j shaded with woods. Shakspeare. BUSSS, bus. n.s. [basium, Lat.] A kiss. Pope. A boat for fishing, [basse, German.] Temple. To BUSS, bus. v. a. To kiss. Shakspeare. BUST, bust. n.s. [busto, Ital.] A statue representing a man to his breast. Addison. BUSTARD. bus'-tftrd. 83. n. s. [bistarde. Fr.] A wild turkey. Hakewill. To BU'STLES, bus'-sl. 472. v.n. To be busy. Shak. BU'STLE, biV-sl. n. s. A tumult ; hurry. Milton. BU'STLER, bfis'-lur. 98. n. s. An active, stirring man. Cowper. BU'STO*. bfis'-to. h. s. [Ital.] A statue. Ashmole. BU'SY$, blz'-ze. 178. a. [by]-i, by r i#, Sax.] Em- ployed with earnestness. Shakspeare. Bustling. Shakspeare. Troublesome. Knolles To BU'SY, blz'-ze. v. a. To employ. Spenser. BUSYBODY, bfz'-ze-b&d-de. n. s. A meddling per- son. Bp. Taylor. BUT§, but. conjunct, [bute, Sax.] Except. . Bacon. Except that. Shak. Yet ; nevertheless. Bacon. Now. Bp. Bramhall. Than. Guardian. Without this consequence that. Dryden. Otherwise than that. Hooker: If it were not. SJiak. However ; howbeit. Dryden. That. Dryden. A particle by which the meaning of the foregoing sentence is bounded or restrained ; only. Dryden. A particle of objection. Sliak. A particle of addition. Un- less. ' Spenser. — But for ; had not this been. Wal- ler. But if; unless. Obsolete. Spenser. BUT*, but. prep, [butan, Sax.] Without ; except. Smith. BUT*, but. ad. No more than. Shakspeare. BUT*, but. interf. An exclamation of surprise. Adam Smith. BUT §, but. n. s. [but, Celt.] A boundary. Holder BUT, but. n. s. The end of any plank which joins to another on the outside of a ship. Harris. To BUT*, but. v. a. [buter, old Fr.] To touch at the one end. Cotgrave. To utter an exception. Beau- mont and Fletcher. BUT-END, but'-end'. n. s. The blunt end of any thing. Clarendon. BUTCHERS, but'-tshur. 175. n. s. [boucher, Fr.] One that kills animals to sell their flesh. Sidney. One delighted with blood. Locke. To BUTCHER, but'-tshur. v. a. To kill ; to mur- der. Shakspeare. BUTCHER-BIRD, b&t'-tshur-burd. n.s. The Eng- lish name of the bird lanius. Chambers. BUTCHER-ROW*, but'-tshur-ro. n. s. The row of shambles. Whitlock. BUTCHERS-BROOM, but'-tshurz-broSm. n.s. Kneeholly. Miller. BUTCHE'RLINESS, but'-tshur-le-nes. n.s. A bru- tal manner. BUTCHERLY, but'-tshur-le. a. Cruel; bloody. Ascham. BUTCHERY, but'-tshur-re. n. s. The trade of a butcher. Pope. Murder. Shakspeare. The place where animals are killed. Shakspeare. BUTLERS, but'-lur. 98. n.s. [bouteiller, Fr.] A servant employed in furnishing the table. Swift. BUTLERAGE, b&t'-lur-aje. n.s. The duty upon wine imported, claimed by the king's butler. Ba- con. BUTLERSHD?, bfitMar-shlp. n.s. The office of a butler. Genesis, xl. BUTMENT, bfit'-ment. n. s. [aboutement, Fr.] That part of the arch which joins it to the upright pier. Wotton. BUTSHAFT, but'-shaft. n. s. An arrow. Shak. BUTTS, but. n.s. [but, Fr.] The place on which the mark to be shot at is placed. Dryden. The point at which the endeavour is directed. Shak. The object of aim. Clarendon. A man upon whom the company break their jests. Spectator. A blow giv- en by a horned animal. A stroke given in fencing-. Prior. BUTTS, but. n.s. [butfc, Sax.] A vessel ; a large barrel. Shakspeare. To BUTT, but. v. a. To strike with the head, as horned animals. Shakspeare. BETTERS, but'-tur. 98. n.s. [butfcepe, Sax.] An unctuous substance made by agitating the cream of milk till the oil separates from the whey. Genesis, xviii. To BUTTER, butMur. v. a. To smear with butter. Sliakspeare. To increase the stakes every game. Addison. BUTTERBUMP, bfit'-tur-bump. n. s. The bittern. BUTTERBUR, but'-tur-bur. n. s. A plant used in medicine. Miller. BUTTERFLOWER, but'-tur-flou'-ur. n. s. A yel- low flower, with which the fields abound in the month of May. Gay. BUTTERFLY, but'-tur-fll. n.s. [bufcfcejij!le$e, Sax.] An insect which first appears in the begin- ning of the season for butter. Spenser. BUTTER1S, but'-tur-rk n.s. An instrument of steel, used in paring the foot of a horse. Far. Diet. BUTTERMILK, b&t'-tur-mllk. n.s. The whey that is separated from the cream when butter is made. Harvey. BUTTERPRINT, but'-tur-prlnt. n.s. A piece of carved wood, used to mark butter. Locke. BUTTERTOOTH^ut'-t&r-tSto. n.s. The great broad fore-teeth. BUTTERWIFE*, but'-lur- wife. n.s. A woman that prepares or sells butter. Ld. Herbert. BUTTERWOMAN, but'-tfir-wum-ftn. n. s. A wo- man that sells butter. Shakspeare. BUTTERWORT, bnt'-tur-w&rt. n. s. A plant : the sanicle. BUTTERY, b&t'-tur-re. a. Having the appearance of butter. Harvey. BUTTERY, b&t'-tur-re, n. s. The room where pro- visions are laid up. Shakspeare. BUTTOCK, bSt'-luk. 166. n.s. The rump. Shak. BUTTONS, but'-tn. 103, 170. n. s. [bottwn, Welsh.] A catch or small ball, by which dress is fastened! Sliakspeare. Any knob or ball. Pope. The bud of a plant. Shakspeare. BUTTON, but'-tn. n.s. The sea urchin. Ainsworth. To BUTTON, but'-tn. 405. v. a. To dress; to clothe. Wotton. To fasten with buttons. BUTTONHOLE, but'-tn-h6le. n.s. The loop in which the button of the clothes is caught. Shak. BUTTONMAKER*, b&t'-tn-ma-kur. n. s. He who makes buttons. Maundrell. BUTTRESS S, b&t'-trk 99. n.s. [aboutir,¥c.-\ A wall built to support another wall, and standing out. Bacon,. A prop ; a support. South. To BUTTRESS ,'but'-trls. v.a. To prop. BUT WINK, but'-wfnk. n.s. The name of a bird. Diet. BUTYRA'CEOUS, bfit-e-ra'-shus. a. Having the qualities of butter. Floyer. BUTYROUS, but'-e-rfts. a. Having the properties of butter. Floyer. BU'XOMS,buk'-sum. 166. a. [buc r um from bu£an, Sax. to bend.] Obedient. Spenser. Gay; lively. Crashaio. Wantonly ; jolly. Dryden. BU XOMLY, b&k'-sum-le. ad. Dutifully ; obedient- ly. Gower. Wantonly ; amorously. BU'XOMNESS, buk'-sfim-nes. n.s. Meekness, obedience. Chaucer. To BUY S, bl. v. a. preter. I bought ; I have bought. [bigan, Sax.] To purchase. Addison. To pay dearly for. Shak. To procure some advantage by 162 BY fcYZ — n6, move, nor, not-, — to.be, tab, bull; — Sn; — pound; — th'm, THis. something' that deserves it. Shakspeare. To regu- late by money. Shakspeare. To BUY, bl. »•.'». To treat about a purchase. Slutk. BU Y BR, bl'-ftr. n. s. He that buys. Wotton. BUZ*, lmz. inter}. An exclamation used when a per- son begins to relate what was generally known be- fore. Shakspeare. IYBUZZ§, b&z. v.n. [bizzen, Teut.] To hum. $}vmcr. To whisper. S/w£. To sound heavy and low. Haijward. To BUZZ, buz. r.«. To whisper ; to spread secretly. Shakspeare. ■ BUZZ, buz. 7*..?. The noise of a bee or fly. South. A hum ; a whisper. Bacon. BUZZARD, bnz'-z&rd. 83. n.s. [busard, Fr.] A degenerate species of hawk. SJiak. A blockhead 5 a dunce. Ascluun. BU'ZZARD*-, b&z'-zfird. a. Senseless ; stupid. Mil- ton. BU'ZZER, biV-zur. 98. n. s. A secret whisperer. Slutkspeare. BY $, bl, or be. prep, [bi, Sax.] It notes the agent. Shak. The instrument. Dryden. The cause of any effect. Parnel. The means by which any thing is performed. Shak. It shows the manner of an action. Dryden. It notes the method in which any successive action is performed. Hooker. It notes the quantity had at one time. Locke. _ At, or in. Bacon. According to ; .noting permission. Ba- con. According to ; noting proof. Bentley. After 3 according to; noting imitation. Tillot.son. From; noting ground of judgement. Waller. It notes the sum of the difference between two things-compared. Dryden. It notes co-operation. Slmk. For ; not- ing continuance of time. Bacon. Not later than ; noting time.. Spenser. Beside ; noting passage. Addison. Beside ; near to. Shak. Before himself, herself, or themselves, it notes the absence of all others. Ascliam. At hand. Boijle. It is the solemn form of swearing. Dryden. It is used in forms of obtesting. Dryden. It signifies specification. Dry- den. By proxy of; noting substitution. Brooine. In the same direction with. Grew. §Cf The general sound of this word is like the verb to buy ; but we not unfrequently hear it pronounced like the verb to be. This latter sound, however, is only tolerable in colloquial pronunciation, and then only when used as a preposition ; as when we say, Do you travel by land or by water ? But in reading these lines of Pope, " By land, by water, they renew the charge ; " They stop the chariot, and they board the barge" — here we ought to give the word by the sound of the verb to buy ; so that pronouncing this word like be, is, if the word will be pardoned me, a colloquialism. W. BY, bl. ad. Near. Dryden. Beside; passing. Rut.h, iv. In presence. Sidney. BY AMD BY, bl'-and-bl'. ad. In a short time. Sidney. BY, bl. n. s. Something not the direct and immediate object of regard ; by the by. Bacon. Dryden. To BY*. Ob. T. See To Aby. . BY", in composition, implies something out of the di- rect way ; irregular ; collateral ; or private. BY-COFFEE-HOUSE, bl'-kof-fe-h6us. n.s A cot- fee-house in an obscure place. Addison. BY-CONCERNMENT, bl'-k6n-sern'-ment. n. s. An affair which is not the main business. Dryden BY-CORNER*, bi'-kor'-nor. n. s. A private corner. Massinger. BY-DEPENDENCE, bl'-de-pen'-dense. n.s. An ap- pendage. Shakspeare. BY-DESIGN > bl'-de-slne'. n.s. An incidental pur- pose. HudUrras.. BY-DRINKING*, bl'-drink'-ing. n.s. Private drink- ing. Shakspeai-e. BY-END, bl'-^nd'. n. s. Private interest. V Estrange BY-GONE, bl'-gon'. a. Past. Shakspeare. BY-INTEREST, bl'-tn'-t&r-gst. n. s. Interest distinct from that of the publick. Atterbunj. BY-LANE*, bl'-lane'. n. s. A lane out of the usual road. Burton. BY-LAW, bl'-law'. n. s. [bila£e, Sax.] By-laws are orders made by common assent, for the good of those that make them, farther than the publick law binds. Couel. BY-MATTER, bl'-mat'-tftr. n.s. Something inci- dental. Bacon. BY-NAME, bl'-name'. n. s. A nick-name. Lomth. To BY-NAME*, bl'-name'. v. a. To give a nick- name. Camden. BY r -PAST, bl'-past'. a. Past. Shakspeare. BY-PATH, bl'-p&th'. n. s. A private or obscure path. Shakspeare. . BY-RESPECT, bl'-re-spekl'. n.s. Private end or view. Carew. BY-ROAD, bi'-rrxle 7 . n.s. An obscure path. Swift. BY-ROOM. bl'-rO&m'. n. s. A private room within. BY r -SPEECH, bl'-speetsh'. n. s. An incidental or cas- ual speech. Hooker. BY-STANDER, bl'-stan'-dfir. n.s. A looker on, one unconcerned. Locke. BY-STREET, bystreet 7 , n.s. An obscure street. Gay. BY-TURNING*, bl'-uW-ing. n. s. An obsure road. Sidney. BY- VIEW, bl'-yu'. n.s. Self-interested purpose. Alter bury. BY- WALK, bl'-wawk'. n.s. A private walk. Dryd BY'-WAY', bl'-wa/. n. s. A private and obscure way. Spenser. BY^WEST, be-west', n.s. Westward. Davies. BY- WIPE*, bl'-wlpe 7 . n. s. A secret stroke or sar- casm. Milton. BY- WORD, bl'-wurd'. ?i. s. [bipopb, Sax.] A say- ing ; a proverb. Shakspeare. BY'ASS. See Bias. BYE,bl. )n.s. [by, bym£, Sax.] A dwelling. BEE. be. \ Gibson. K BYRE*, blre. n. s. A cow-house. BYSPEL*, bl'-spel. n.s. [bi rP ell ; Sax.] A proverb. Coles. BYSSE,bis. ■) Tn , , . .„ BY'SSIN*, bis'-sin. C w '?' If"™*-] A silk or linen BY'SSUS*, bls'-sfis. ^ hood - Gawer - BY'SSINE*, bls'-sin. a. Made of silk. Coles. BY'ZANTINE. See Bizantine. GAB CThe third letter of the alphabet, has two sounds; 9 one like k, as call, clock ; the other as s, as cessa- tion, cinder. It sounds like k before a, 0, u, or a consonant ; and like 5 before e, i, and y. 348. .. , C*. The numeral letter of the Romans, which we use, to denote a hundred. CAB, kab. n. s. [ap.] A Hebrew measure, contain- ing about three pints English. CABA'L§, ka-bal'. n.s. [cabale, Fr. rtap, tradition.] The secret science of the Hebrew rabbins. Hake- irill. A body of men united in some close design. Burnet. Intrigue. Dryden. ft3= The political signification of this word owes its origi- CAB nal to the five Cabinet Ministers in Charles the Second's reign ; Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale: this Junto were known by the name of the Cabal : a word which the initial letters of their names happened to compose. W. To CABA'L, ka-bal'. v. n. To form close intrigues Dryden. CA'BALA*, kab'-a-la. n. s. The secret science of the Jewish doctors ; any secret science. Spenser. CA'BALIST, kab'-a-flst. n. s. One skilled in the tra- ditions of the Hebrews. Selden. CA'BALISM*, kab'-al Izm. n. s. A part of the science of the cabal. Spensei: 163 CAC CAD 07 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pm ;— CABALFSTICAL, kab-al-lls'-te-kal. ) a. Something CABALl'STICK^ab-al-hV-tlk. 5 that has an occult meaning. Burton. CABALFSTICALLY*, kab-al-hV-te-kal-le. ad. In a cabalistick manner. Sir T. Herbert. To CA'BALIZE* kab'-al-ize. v. n. To speak the language of the learned Jews. CABA'LLER, ka-bal'-lur. n.s. An intriguer. Dryden. CA'BALLINE, kab'-al-line, or kab'-al-lin. 148. a. [caballinus, Lat.] Belonging to a horse. Cotgrave. CA'BAKET, kab'-a-ret. n. s. [Fr.] A tavern. Bramhall. CA'BBAGE $, kab'-bldje. 90. n. s. [cakis, Fr.] A plant. Miller. To CA'BBAGE, kab'-bldje. v. n. To form a head ; as, the plants Degin to cabbage. To CABBAGE, kab'-bidje. v. a. To steal in cutting clothes. Arbuthnot. CABBAGE*, kab'-bJdje. n. s. A cant word for the shreds made by tailors in cutting out clothes. CA'BBAGE-TREE, kab'-bJdje-tree. n. s. A species of palm-tree. Miller. CABBAGE-WORM, kab'-bfdje-wurm. n. s. An in- sect. CA'BIN§, kab'-bfn. n.s. [cabane, Fr. caJmn. Welsh.] A small room. Spenser. A small chamber in a ship. Shakspeare. A cottage, or a small house. Sidney. A tent, or temporary habitation. Fairfax. To CA BIN, kab'-bin. v. n. To live in a cabin. Shak. To CA'BUN, kab'-bin. v. a. To confine in a cabin. Shakspeare. CA'BIN-BOY* kab'-bin-b6e. n.*. The boy who waits in the cabin on board a ship. CA'BIN-MATE*, kab'-bin-mate. n. s. He who oc- cupies the same cabin with another. Beau, and Fl. CA'BINED, kab'-bmd. 362. a. Belonging to a cabin. Milton. CA'BINET §, kab'-im-et. n. s. [cabinet, Fr.] A closet ; a small room. Bacon. A hut, or small house. Spenser. A room in which consultations are held. Dryden. A set of boxes or drawers for curiosities. B. Jonson. Any place in which things of value are hidden. Denluim. To CA'BINET*, kab'-?n-£t. v. a. To enclose. Hewyt. CA'BINET-COUNCIL, kab'-fn-et-koun'-sil. n. s. A council held in a private maimer. Bacon. A select number of privy counsellors. Gay. CA'BINET-MAKER, kab'-In-et-ma'-kur. n. s. One that makes fine work in wood. Mortimer. CA'BLE§, ka'-bl. 405. n.s. [cabl, Welsh.] The rope of a ship to which the anchor is fastened. Shak. CA'BLED*, ka'-bld. a. Fastened with a cable. Dijcr. OA'BLET* n. s. [cablot, Fr.] A tow-rope. To CABO'B*, ka-bob'. ma. A mode of roasting meat. CABO'SHED^orCABO'CHED*, ka-bosht'. a. [ca- boclie, old Fr.] A term in heraldry, when the head of an animal is cut close, having no neck left to it. CABRIOLE*. See Capriole. CA'BRIOLET*, kab'-re-6-let. n. s. [Fr.] An open carriage. CA'BURNS, ka'-burnz. n. s. Small ropes used in ships. Did. CA'CAO, kaMc6. See Chocolate Nut. CACHE'CTICAL, ka-kek'-te-kal. ) a. Having- an ill CACHE'CTICK, ka-kek'-tik. S habit of body. Arbut.hnot. CACHE'XY^kak'-kek-se.sn.n.s. [*a^e|/o.] Such a distemperature of the humours, as hinders nutri- tion, and weakens the vital and animal functions. Arbuthnol. $y- Mr. Sheridan is the only orthoe'pist who accents this word on the first syllable, as I have done ; and yet every other lexicographer, who has the word, accents ano- rexy, ataxy, and artaraxy, on the first syllable, except Mr. Sheridan, who accents anorexy, and Bailey ataxy, on the penultimate. — Whence this variety and incon- sistency should arise, it is not easy to determine. Or- thodoxy and' apoplexy had sufficiently chalked out the analogy of accentuation in these words. The termina- tions in axy and exy do not form a' species of words which may' be called enclilical, like logy and graphy, 517, but seem to be exactly under the predicament of those Latin and Greek words, which, when adopted into English by dropping their last syllable, remove the ac cent at least two syllables higher. — See Academt. W. CACHINNA'TION, kak-km-na'-shun. 353. n. s. [ca- chinnatio, Lat.] A loud laughter. Satan's Invisible World discovered. CA'CKEREL, kak'-6r-il. 555, 99. n. s. [caquerel, Fr.l A fish. Sir T. Herbert. To CA'CKLE §, kak'-kl. 405. t\ n. [kaeckelen, Dutch.] To make a noise as a goose. Shakspeare. Some- times used for the noise of a hen. Dryden. To laugh ; to gjgg\e. Arbuthnot. CA'CKLE, kak'-kl. n. s. The voice of a goose or fowl. Dryden. Idle talk ; prattle. CA'CKLER, kak'-lur. 98. n. s. A fowl that cackles. A tell-tale; a tattler. CACOCHY'MICAL, kak-ko-kW-e-kal. > CACOCHY'MICK, kak-ko-ldrrf-ik. 353, 509. \ Having the humours corrupted. Harvey. CACOCHY'MY, kak'-ko-kfm-me. n.s. [ K a K o X vpia.] A depravation of the humours from a sound slate. Arbnthnci. {)£?= Johnson and Bailey accent this word cacochym'y, Sheridan and Buchanan cacoch'ymy, and Dr. Ash cac- ochymy ; and this last accentuation I have adopted for reasons given under the word cachexy — which see. W. CACODE'MON*, kak-6-de'-mdn. n. s. [x. a. Relating to the field. CA'MPHIRE, kam'-ffr. 140. n. s. A kind of resin pro- duced by a chymical process from the camphire- tree. CA'MPHIRE-TREE, kam'-f?r-tre\ n. s. [camfora, Lat.] A tree which grows in the isle of Borneo, and in Japan. Milk)'. To CA'MPHIRE*, kam'-f h\ v. a. To impregnate or wash with camphire. Tourneur. CA'MPHORATE, kam'-fo-rate. 91. )a. Impreg- CA'MPHORATED*, kW-fo-ra-t&L $ nated with camphire. Boyle. CA'MPING*, kamp'-mg. n. s. The act of playi»g at foot-ball. Bryant. CA'MPION, kam'-pe-fin. 166. n. s. A plant. CA'MUS, ka'-mus. n. s. [camisa, Lat.] A thin dress. Spenser. CAN*. Used for gan, or began, in old poetry. CAN, kan. n. s. [canne, Sax.] A cup. Shakspeare. To CAN §, kan. v. n. [cunnan, Sax.] To be able, Bacon. It expresses the potential mood ; as, I can do it. Dryden. To CAN*, kan. v. a. To know. Spenser. CANA'ILLE, ka-nale'. n. s. [Fr.] The lowest peo pie ; the dregs of the people. Burke. CA'NAKIN*, kan'-a-k?n. n. s. A small cup. Shak. CANAL, ka-nal'. n. s. [canalis, Lat.] A basin of water in a garden. Pope. Any tract or course of water made by art. Thomson. A conduit through which any of the juices of the body flow. CARNAL-COAL. [This word is corrupted into ken'-nfl-k6le. W.] n. s. A fine kind of coal, dug up in England. Woodward. CANALI'CULATED, kan-a-lik'-u-la-ted. a. Made like a pipe or gutter. CAN A'RY §, ka-na'-re. n.s. [from the Canary islands.] Wine brought from the Canaries; sack. Shak. An old dance. Shakspeare. To CAN A'RY, ka-na'-re. v. n. To dance; to frolick. Shakspeare. CANA'RY-BIRD, ka-na'-re-bfird. n. s. An excellent singing bird. Carew. To CA'NCEL $, kan'-sll. 99. v. a. [canceller, Fr.] To cross a writing. Jus. SigiUi, p. 8. To efface ; to obliterate in general. Spenser. To CANCEL* kan'-sll. v.n. To become obliterated. Cowley. CANCELLATED, kan'-sel-la-ted. part. a. Cross- barred. Greiv's Museum. CANCELLATION, kan-sel-la'-shun. n. s. An ex- punging of the contents of an instrument. Avliffe. CA'NCERS, kan'-sur. 98. n. s. [cancer, Lat.] A crab- 167 CAN CAN ID 3 559,— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mk ;— pine, pin ;- fish. The sign of the summer solstice. Thomson A virulent swelling, or sore. Wiseman. To CANCERATE, kan'-sdr-rate. 91. v. n. To be come a cancer. V Estrange. CANCERA'TION, kan-sar-ra'-shfin. n.s. A grow ing cancerous. CANCEROUS, kan'-s&r-rfis. a. Having the quali- ties of a cancer. Wiseman. CANCEROUSNESS, kan'-s&r-ras-nes. n.s. The state of being cancerous. CANCRIFORM*, kan'-kre-form. a. The same as cancerous. CANCRINE, kang'-krln. 140, 408. a. Having the qualities of a crab. CANDENT, kan'-dent. a. {candens, Lat.] Hot. Brown. CANDICANT, kan'-de-kant. a. [candkans, Lat.] Growing white ; whitish. Diet. CANDID $, kan'-dld. a. [candidus, Lat.] White. Dryden. Free from malice ; not desirous to find faults ; fair ; open ; ingenuous. Locke. CANDIDATE, kan'-de-date. n. s. [candidatus, Lat.] A competitor ; one that proposes himself for ad- vancement. Addison. To CANDIDATE*, kan'-de-date. v. a. To render fit as a candidate. Feltliam. CANDIDLY, kan'-dld-le. ad. Fairly. CANDIDNESS, kan'-did-ne's. n. s. Ligenuousness. South. To CANDIFY, kan'-de-fl. v. a. To whiten. Diet. CANDLES, kan'-dl. 405. n.s. [candela, Lat.] A light made of wax or tallow. Bacon. Light, or luminary. Slmkspeare. CANDLEBERRY TREE, kan'-dl-ber-re-tre. A species of the sweet willow. CANDLEHOLDER, kan'-dl-hold-fir. n. s. He that holds the candle. Slmkspeare. CANDLELIGHT, kan'-dl-llte. n.s. The light of a candle, Hooker. The necessary candles lor use. Molineux. CANDLEMAS, kan'-dl-mfis. 88. n.s. [canbel- maeype, Sax.] The feast of the purification of the Blessed Virgin, which was formerly celebrated with many lights in churches. Gay. 'k. n The instru- CANDLESTICK, kan'-dl-sd ment that holds candles. Bacon. CANDLESTUFF, kan'-dl-stuf. n. s. Any thing of which candles may be made. Bacon. CANDLEWASTER, kan'-dl-was-t&r. n. s. A spend- thrift, or drunkard. Shakspeare. CANDLES-ENDS*, kan'-dlz-endz. n. s. A contemp- tuous term for scraps or fragments. Beaum. and Fl. CANDOCK, kan'-dok. n. s. A weed that grows in rivers. Walton. CANDOUR, kan'-d&r. 314. n.s. {candor, Lat.] Sweetness of temper ; ingenuousness. Watts. To CANDY $, kan'-de. v. a. To conserve with sugar. Bacon.- To form into congelations. Shak. To in- crust with congelations. Drayton. To CANDY, kan'-de. v. n. To grow congealed. CANDY Lion's foot. A plant. Miller. CANDY Tuft tree*. A plant. Chambers. CANES, kane. n. s. [icdwa and Kdvvn.'j A walking staff. Herbert. Harvey. The plant which yields the sugar. Clmmbers. Blackmore. A lance ; a dart made of cane. Dryden. A reed. Mortimer. To CANE, kane. v. a. To beat with a cane. CANFCULAR, ka-nlk'-u-lar. a. Belonging to the dog-star. Brown. CANICULE*, kan'-e-kule. n.s. [caniada, Lat.] The dog-star; and, figuratively, the dog-days. Addison. CANINE, ka-nlne'. a. [caninus, Lat.] Having the properties of a dog. Addison. Canine appetite. That which cannot De satisfied. Arbuihnot. CANISTER, kanMs-tfir. 98. n.s. [Lat.] A small basket. Dryden. A small vessel in which tea or coffee is laid up. CANKERS, kangMcfir. 409. n.s. [cancer, Lat.] A worm that preys upon fruits. Spenser. A fly that preys upon fruits. Walton. Any thing that corrupts or consumes. Bacon. The dog-rose. Shakspeare. An eating or corroding humour. Shak. Corrosion; virulence. Sliakspeare. A disease in trees. Eve- lyn. To CANKER, kang'-k&r. v.n. To grow corrupt. Spenser. To decay by corrosion. Bacon. To CANKER, kang'-kfir. v. a. To corrupt ; to cor- rode. Herbert. To infect; to pollute. Addison. CANKERBIT, kang'-kfir-b'it. particip. a. Bitten with an envenomed tooth. Shakspeare. CANKERED*, kang'-kfird. a. [cancre, old Fr.] Crabbed; uncivil. Spenser. CANKEREDLY*, kang'-k&r-ed-le. ad. Crossly, adversely. Mirror for Magistrates. CANKERLIKE*, kang'-kur-llke. a. Destructive as a canker. Mirror for Magistrates. CANKEROUS*, kang'-k&r-fis. a. Corroding like a canker. TJiomson. CANKER Y*, kang'-krtr-re. a. Rusty. Wogan. CANNAB1NE, kan'-nii-bine. 149. 'a. [cannabhius, Lat.] Hempen. Did. CANNIBAL §,kan'-ne-bal. n.s. A man-eater. Bacon. CANNIBALISM*, kan'-ne-bal-izm. n.s. The char- acter of a cannibal. Burke. CANNIBALLY, kan'-ne-bal-le. ad. In the manner of a cannibal. Shakspeare. CANNIPERS, kan'-ne-piirz. n. s. See Callipers. CANNON S, kan'-nfin. 166. n.s. [cann on, Fr.] A great gun for battery. Shak. A gun larger than can be managed by the hand. Wit/tins. CANNON-BALL, kan'-nun-bawl'. ) CANNON-BULLET, kan'-nun-biil'-let. i n. s. CANNON-SHOT, kan'-nfin-shol'. ) The balls which are shot from great guns. Wise- man. CANNON-PROOF*, kan'-nfin-proof. n.s. Proof against cannon ; safe from cannon. Beaumont and Fletcher. CANNONING*, kan'-n&n-ing. n. s. The noise as it were of a cannon. Breiver. To CANNONADE, kan-n&n-nade'. v. a. To batter or attack with great guns. Taller. CANNONE'ER, kan-nfin-neer'. 275. n.s. The en- gineer that manages the cannon. Shakspeare. To CANNONE'ER*, kan'-ndn-neer. r. a. To fire upon with cannon. Burke. CANNOT, kan'-n&t. A word compounded of can and not, noting inability. Locke. CANO'A, ) i * m, { n. s. A boat made by cutting CANO'E, $ Kdn " n0 ° 7 the trunk of a tree into a hollow vessel. Raleigh. CANONS, kan'-fin. 166. n.s. [mvm:'] A rule ; a law. Hooker. The laws made by ecclesiastical councils. Aylijfe. The received books of Holy Scripture. Aylijfe. A dignitary in cathedral churches. Bacon. Canons regular. Such as are placed in monasteries. Aylilje. Canons secular. Such as were placed in collegiate churches. Wee- ver. An instrument used in sewing- up wounds. A large sort of printing letter. [In musick.] The name of a composition, in which the parts follow each other. CANON-BIT, kan'-fin-btt. n. s. That part of the bit let into the horse's mouth. Spe7tser. CANONESS, kan / -un-ne , s. n. s. In popish countries, women living after the example of secular canons. Auliffe. CANONICAL, ka-non'-e-kal. a. According to the canon. Constituting the canon. Hooker. Raleigh. Regular ; stated. Bp. Taylor. Spiritual ; ecclesi- astical. Aylijfe. CANON1CALLY, ka-non'-e-kal-le. ad. In a man- ner agreeable to the canon. Twisden. CANONlCALNESS, ka-non'-e-kal-nes. n. s. The quality of being canonical. Barrow. CANONICALS* ka-n&n'-e-kalz. n.s. The full dress of a clergyman. CANONICATE*, ka-nSn'-e-katc. n. s. The office of a canon. Berington. CANON1CK, ka-n&nMk. a. Canonical. CANONIST, kan'-nfin-nlst. 166. n. s. A man versed in the ecclesiastical laws. Camden. CANONFSTICK* kan'-fin-is'-tlk. a. With the knowledge of a canonist. Milton. 168 CAN CAP -116, m6ve, nor, not ; — tube, tub, bull ; — oil ; — pdund ; — th\n, THis. CANONIZA TION, kan-n6-n4-za'-shfin. ». s. The act of declaring any man a saint ; the state of be- ing sainted. Hall. Addison. To CANONIZE, kan'-no-nlze. v. a. [cunonizer, Fr.] To declare any man a saint. CA'NONRY, kan'-fin-re. )n.s. A benefice in CI NONSHIP. kan'-ftn-shjp. J some cathedral or collegiate church. Ai/lifte. CA NOPIED, kan'-c-pid. 282. a. Covered with a canopy. Shakspeare. GA N©rY)$, kan'-Q-pe. n. s. [Kuviairziov.'] A cover- ing of stale over a throne or bed. Spenser. To CANOPY, kan'-6-pe. v. a. To cover with a can- opv. Shakspeare. CANO'ROUS, kd-no'-rOs. 512. a. [canorus, Lat.] Musical. Brown. CANO'ROUSNESS*, ka-nd'-rfis-nes. n.s. Musical- ness. Scott. CANT§, kant. n. s. [cantus, Lat.] A corrupt dialect used by beggars and vagabonds. A form of speak- ing peculiar to some class of men. Drydeii.' A whining pretension to goodness in affected terms. Drifden. Barbarous jargon. Auction, [incanto, Ital.] Swift. CANT*, kant. n. s. [kant, Dutch.] An angle 5 a cor- ner. B. Jonson. To CANT, kant. v. n. To talk in the jargon of par- ticular professions, or in any kind of affected lan- guage. Glanville. To CANT*, kant. v. a. To sell by auction. Swift. To bid a price at an auction. Swift. CANTA>TA,yhi-\ki-&. 77. n.s. [Ital.] A song, intermixed with recitatives and airs. CANTE'EN*, kan-teen'. n. s. A vessel of tin, used for carrying liquors to supply soldiers in camp. Chambers. CANTA'TION, kan-ta'-shfin. n. s. [canto, Lat.] The act of singing. Cockeram. CA'NTER, kan'-tfir. n.s. A term of reproach for livpocrites. B. Jonson. CA'NTER*, kan'-tfir. n. s. An abbreviation of Can- terbury. See Canterbury Gallop. Sampson. ! To CANTER*, kan'-tfir. v. n. To gallop easily or genii v. CANTERBURY BELLS. See Belflower. CANTERBURY GALLOP, kan'-tfir-ber-re-gal'- l&p. n. s. The gallop of a horse, commonly called a canttr; said to be derived from the pilgrims riding to Canterbury on easy ambling horses. CANTERBURY TALE*, kan'-tfir-ber-re-tale. n. s. Any fabulous narrative, adopted from the Canter- buni Tales of Chaucer. CANT HA' RIDES, kan-tfiar'-e-dez. n.s. plural [Kavdaph-] Spanish flies. Bacon. CA'NTHUS, kan'-tfifis. n. s. [Lat.] The corner of the eve. Quincy. CANTICLE, kan'-te-kl. n.s. [canto, Lat.] A song. Bacon. A division of a poem ; a canto. Spenser. CANTILPVERS, kan-te-liv'-firz. n. s. Pieces of wood framed into the front or sides of a house, to sustain the moulding over it. Moxon. CANTINGLY*, kant'-fng-le. ad. In a canting man- ner. Trial of Mr. Whitfield's Spirit. CA'NTION, kan'-sh&n. n.s. Song 3 verses. Spenser. Ob. J. CA'NTLE§, kan'-tl. n. s. [kant, Dutch.] A fragment; a portion. Skelton. Shakspeare. To CANTLE, kan'-tl. v. a. To cut in pieces. Dry- den.. CANTLET, kanf-let. n. s. A piece. Dryden. CANTO, kan'-to. n. s. [Ital.] A book, or section, of a poem. The treble part of a musical composi- tion. CANTON $,kan'-tfin. n.s. [contain, old Fr.] A small parcel of iand. Davies. A small community, or clan. Bacon. [In heraldry.] The canton is that which occupies only a corner of the shield. To CA'NTON, kan'-tfin. v. a. To divide into little parts. Locke. To CANTONIZE, kan'-tfin-lze. v. a. To parcel out into small divisions. Davies. CANTONMENT*, kan'-tfin-ment. n. s. [Fr.] That distinct situation, which soldiers occupy, when quartered in different parts of a town. Burke. CANTRED, kan'-trfd. n. s. A hundred. Da- vies. CANTY* k'anMe. a. Cheerful ; talkative. CANVASS §, kan'-vas. n.s. [cannabis, Lat.] A kind of linen cloth for sails, painting cloths, tents. Sid- ney. The act of siihng voices, previously to voting : [from canvass, as it signifies a sieve.] Bacon. To CANVASS, kan'-vas. v. n. To sift ; to examine. Shakspea?-e. To debate. L' Estrange. To CANVASS, kan'-vas. v.n. To solicit votes. Bacon. CANVASS : CL1MBER*, kan'-vas-kll-mfir. n. s. He who climbs the mast to furl or unfurl the sail cl- ean v ass. Shakspeare. CANVASSER*, kiin'-vas-fir. n. s. He who solicits votes. Burke. CAN Y, ka'-ne. a. Full of canes. Consisting of canes Milton. CANZONET, Un-zo-net'. n. s. [canzonetta, Ital.] A little song. Peacham. CAP§, kap. n. s. [cap, Welsh.] The garment that cov- ers the head. Shak. The ensign of the cardinalate. Shak. The topmost. Shak. A reverence made by uncovering the head. Shak. A vessel made like a cap. Wilkins. — Cap of a great gun. A piece of lead laid over the touch-hole, to preserve the prime. Cap of maintenance. One of the regalia carried before the king at the coronation. To GAP, kap. v. a. To cover on the top. Derham. To deprive of the cap. Spenser. — To cap verses To name alternately verses beginning with a par- ticular letter ; to name alternately in contest. Dry- den. Hudibras. To CAP*, kap. v. n. To uncover the head, by way of salutation. Shakspeare. CAP ape. KiUA xi S [ Fr -] From liead to foot: CAP aptt.\ Ka P" A a 'P e • { all over. Shakspeare. CAP-PAPER, kap'-pa-pfir. n. s. A sort x>f coarse brownish paper. Boyle ~'ATY, ' Shakspeare, CAPABFL1 ka-pa-bil'-e-te. Capacity. CA'PABLE$,ka/-pa-bl. [See Incapable.] a. [Fr] Sufficient to contain. Locke. Endued with suffi- cient powers. Bacon. Intelligent. Shak. Intel- lectually capacious. Digby. Susceptible. Prior. Qualified for ; without any natural impediment. Tillotson. Qualified for; without legal impedi- ment. Shak. Hollow. Not in use. Sliak. CATABLENESS, ka'-pa-bl-nes. n. s. The quality or state of being capable. Killingbcck. To CAPA'CIFY*, ka-pas'-e-fl. v. a. To qualify. Barrow. CAPA'CIOUS$,ka-pa'-shfis. a. [capax, Lat.] Wide, large. Thomson. Extensive. CAPACIOUSLY*, ka-p&'-shfis-le. ad. In a wide or capacious manner. CAPA'CIOUSNESS, ka-pa'-shfis-nes. n.s. The power of holding or receiving. Holder. To CAPA'CITATE, ka-pas'-e-tate. v. a. To make capable. Dryden. CAPACITA'TIQN*, ka-pas-e-ta'-shfin. n. s. Capa- bility. CAPA'CITY, ka-p£s'-e-te. 511. n. s. The power of holding or containing. Shak. Room; space. Boule. The power of the mind. Hooker. Power 1 ability. Blackmore. State ; condition. South. CAPA'RISON §, ka-par'-e-sfin. 170, 443. n. s. [ca- paraxon, Span.] A cover for a horse, spread over his furniture. Milton. To CAPA'RISON, ka-par'-e-sfin. v. a. To dress ir, caparisons. Dryden. To dress pompously. Sliak. CA'PCASE*, kap'-kase. n. s. A covered case. Bur- ion. CAPE §, kape. ??. s. [cape, Fr.] Headland ; promon- tory. Shak. The neck-piece of a cloak. Bacon. CATERS, ka'-pfir. 98. n. s. [caper, Lat.] A goat; a leap; a jump. Shakspeare. CATER, ka'-pfir. n. s. [Kdmrapu.] An acid pickle. Floyer. 169 CAP CAP (CF 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat;— me, mSt;— pine, pin: DA'PER-BUSH, ka'-pfir-bush. n. s. The plant on which the caper grows. Miller. CATER-CUTTING*,ka'-pur-kut'-tlng. a. Dane- ing in a frolicksome manner. Beaum. and Fletclier. To CATER, ka'-p&r. v. n. To dance frolicksomely. Sliak. To skip for merriment. Sliak. To dance. Rowe. CATERER, ka'-pur-r&r. 555. n. s. A dancer. Dryd. CAPIAS, ka'-pe-us. 88. n. s. [Lat.] A writ of two sorts, one before judgement, the other of execution after judgement. Cornel. CAPILLA'CEOUS,kap-pll-la'-sh&s. a. Capillary. CAPILLAFRE*, kap-plt-lare'. n. s. [Fr.] A syrop extracted from maidenhair. CA1TLLAMENT, ka.-pll'-la-me'nt. n.s. [capillamen- turn, Lat.] Small threads or hairs which grow up in the middle of a flower. Bp. Berkeley. CA'PILLARY$, kap'-pll-la-re. [See Papillary.] a. [capillus, Lat.] Resembling hairs ; small ; mi- nute. Quincy. Applied to vessels of the body. Small : as the ramifications of the arteries. Ar- buthnot. CAPILLARY*, kap'-pil-la-re. n. a. A small plant ; or a small blood vessel. Bp. Berkeley. CAPILLA'TION, kap-pll-la'-shfin. n. s. A blood vessel like a hair. Brown. CATITALS, kap'-e-tal. 88. a. [capitalis, Lat.] Re- lating to the head. Milton. Criminal. Shak. That which affects life. Bacon. Chief; principal. Spen- ser. Metropolitan. Milton. Applied to letters : large ; such as are written at the beginnings or heads of books. Bp. Taylor. Capital stock. The principal or original stock of a trader, or company. CA'PiTAL, kap'-e-tal. n. s. The upper part of a pil- lar. Addison. The chief city of a nation. Bos-well. The stock with which a tradesman enters upon business. A large letter. CAPITALIST*, kap'-e-tal-lst. n. s. He who possesses a capital fund. Burke. CA'PITALLY, kap'-e-tal-le. ad. In a capital man- ner. Bp. Patrick. CA PIT ALNESS*, kap'-e-tal-nes. n. s. A capital of- fence. Sherwood. CAPITATION, kap-£-ta'-sh&n. n. s. Numeration by heads. Brown. Taxation on each individual. Guthrie. CA'PITE, kap'-e-te. n. s. A tenure which holdeth immediately of the king. Cowel. CAT1TOL*, kap'-e-t6l. n. s. [capitolium., Lat] The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome. Slwtk. CAPI'TULAR$, ka-pltsh'-u-lar. 88, 463. n.s. [capit- ulum, Lat.] The statutes of a chapter. Bp. Taylor. A member of a chapter. Aylijfe. CAPI'TUL ARLY*, ka-pltsh'-u-lar-le. ad. In the form of an ecclesiastical chapter. Swift. CAPITULARY*, ka-pltsh'-u-la-re. a. Relating to the chapter of a cathedral. Wartcn. To CAPITULATE §, ka-pitsh'-u-late. 91. v. n. To draw up in heads or articles ; to confederate. Shak. To yield on certain stipulations. Hay ward. CAPITULATION, ka-pltsh-u-la'-sh&n. n. s. Stipu- lation. Hale. Reduction into heads. Instructions for Oratory. CAPITULATORY ka-pltsh'-u-la-tfir. n. s. He who capitulates. Sherwood. CATITULE*, kap'-e-tule. n. s. A summary. Wic- lilfe. Ob. T. CA'PI'Vl TREE, ka-pe'-ve-tre. n.s. [copaiba, Lat.] A tree which grows in the Spanish West Indies, yielding a balsam. Miller. CA'PNOMANCY*,kap'-n6-man-se. n.s. [ K anv6g and Itavreia.] Divination by the flying of smoke. Spen- ser. To CAPO'CH, ka-pootsh'. v. a. Uncertain, perhaps to strip off the hood. Hudibras. CAPON, ka'-pn. 405, 170. n. s. [capun, Sax.] A castrated cock. Gay. To CATON*, ka'-pn. v. a. To castrate ; as, to cas- trate a cock. Birch. CAPONNIERE, kap-p6n-neer'. n.s. [Fr.] A cov- ered lodgement, of about four or five feet broad, encompassed with a little parapet. Harris. CAPO'T, ka-pot'. n.s. [Fr.] Is when one party wins all the tricks of cards at the game of piquet. CAPO'UCH, ka-pootsh'. n.s. \capuce, Fr.] A monk's hood. Shelton. CATPER, kap'-p&r. n. s. One who makes or sells caps. Ricaut. CAPRE'OLATE,ka-pre'-6-late. a. [capreolus, Lat.] Such plants as turn, wind, and creep along the ground, by means of their tendrils. Harris. CAPRFCE§, ka-preese', or kap'-reese. ) n. s. [ca- CAPRICHIO, ka-pre'-tshe-c, \ pice, Fr.] Freak; fancy. Sliakspeare. 05 s " The first manner of pronouncing this word [caprice] is the most established ; but the second does not want its patrons. Thus Dr. Young, in his Love of Fame .• " 'Tis true great fortunes some great men confer ; " But often, ev'n in doing right, they err : " From caprice, not from choice, their favours come ; " They give, but think it toil to know to whom." W CAPRFCIOUS, ka-prlsh'-us. a. Whimsical ; fanci- ful. Shakspeare. CAPRFCIOUSLY, ka-pilsh'-fis-le. ad. Whimsical- ly. B. Jonson. CAPRI'CIOUSNESS, ka-prlsh'-fis-nes. n.s. Ca- Xrice, whimsicalness. Swift. TR1CORN, kap'-pre-kdrn. n. s. [Lat.] One of the signs of the zodiack ; the winter solstice. Notes to Creech's Manilius. CAPRIFICATION*, kap-re-fe-ka'-shfin. n.*. A method of ripening the fruits of fig-trees. Bruce. CA'PRIFOLE*, kap'-re-f6le. n. s. [caprifolium, Lat.] Woodbine. Spenser. CAPRIOLE, kap-re-ole'. n. s. [Fr.] Caprioles are leaps, such as a horse makes in one and the same place, without advancing forwards. A dance. Sir J. Dairies. CA'PSICUM* kap'-se-kum. n.s. Guinea pepper. Chambers. CATSTAN, kap'-stan. n.s. [cabestan, Fr.] A cylin- der, to wind up any great weight. Raleigh. CATSULE*, kap'-shule. 452. n. s. [capsula, Lat.] A cell in plants for the reception of seeds. Burke. CA'PSULAR, kap'-shu-lar. 452. ) a. Hollow like a CA'PSULARY, kap'-shu-lar-e. $ chest. Brown. CA'PSULATE, kap'-shu-late. £ a. Enclosed, CA'PSULATED, kap'-shu-la-ted. $ or in a box Brown. C A'PTAIN§, kap'-tln. 208. n.s. [capiiain, Fr.] A chief commander. Josh. v. The chief of any num- ber of men. Numbers, ii. A man skilled in war. The commander of a company in a regiment. Shak. The chief commander of a ship. Arouihnot. — Captain General. The commander in chief. Shak. Captain Lieutenant. The commanding officer of the colonel's troop in every regiment. CATTAIN*, kap'-tln. a. Chief; valiant. Shak. CA'PTAINRY, kap'-tln-re. n.s. The chieftainship. CATTAINSHIP, kap'-tln-shlp. n. s. The post of a chief commander. Shak. The post of a captain. Wolion. The chieftainship of a clan. Davies. CAPTATION, kap-ta'-shun.ra.s. [captation, old Fr.] Courtship ; flattery. King Charles. CA'PTION, kap'-shfin. n. s. [capio, Lat.] The act of taking any person by a judicial process, by some trick or cavil. Chi/fingwoiih. CA'PTIOUS$, kap'-shus. 314. a. [captiosus, Lat.] Given to cavils. Locke. Insidious ; ensnaring Bacon. CATTIOUSLY, kap'-sh&s-le. ad. In a captious manner. Locke. CA'PTIOUSNESS, kap'-shfis-nes. n. s. Inclination to find fault. Abp. Cranmer. To CA'PTIVATE, kap'-te-vate. v. a. [captivo, Lat.] To take prisoner. Shak. To charm. Addison. To enslave. Locke. CA'PTWATE*, kap'-te-vate. a. Made prisoner. Shakspeare. CAPTIVA'TION, kap-te-va'-sh&n. n. s. The act of taking one captive. Bp. Hall. CA'PTIVE §, kap'-tlv. 140. n. s. One taken in war. Shakspeare. One charmed by beauty. Shakspeare. 170 CAR CAR -n6, move, ndr, not; — tube, tftb, bull; — 611; — pound; — Dr. Ash, Bailey, W. Johnston, Entick, and Buchan- an, accent carabine on the last syllable, and Dr. John- son and Mr. Perry on the first ; while Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, Buchanan, Dr. Johnson, and Bailey, accent car- bine on the first ; but Mr. Scott, Entick, Perry, and Kenrick, more properly on the last. The reason is, that if we accent carbine on the first syllable, the last ought, according to analogy, to have the i short : but as the i is always long, the accent ought to be on the last syllable. 140. W. CARABINE'ER, kar-be-neei-/. n. s. A sort of light horse carrying carabines. Chambers. CA'RACK,'kar'-ak. n. s. [caraca, Span.] A large ship of burden. Rakish. CA RACOLE, kar'-a-k'6le. n. s. [caracole, Fr.] An oblique tread, traced out in semi-rounds. Farrier's Diet. To CARACOLE, kar'-a-kble. v. n. To move in caracoles. CARAT, ) , * , », ( n. s. [carat, Fr.] A weight of CA'RACT, \ kar " at> ? fourgrains. Sir T.Herbert. A manner of expressing the fineness of gold. An ounce is divided into twenty-four caracls, and each caract into four grains : if to the finest of gold be put two caracts of alloy, both making, when cold, but an ounce, or twenty-four caracts, then this gold is said to be twenty-two caracts fine. Cocker. The value of any thing. B. Jonson. CARAVA'Nl ), kar-a-van'. 524. n. s. [Arabick.] A troop of merchants or pilgrims, as they travel in the east. Milton. CARAVA'NSARY, kar-a-van'-sa-re. n. s. A house built in the eastern countries for travellers. Sped. CA'RAVEL, kar'-a-vel. ) n. s. [caravela, Span.] A CA'RVEL, kar'-vel. \ ^ °f ship, with a square poop, formerly used in Spain. Robertson. CA'RAW AY, kar'-a-wa. a. s. [carum, Lat.] A plant. Miller. CA'RBON*, kar'-bon. n. s. [carbo, Lat.] [In chym- istry.] A simple body, black, sonorous, and brittle ; obtained from various substances, generally by volatilizing their other constituent parts. Parkinson. CARBONACEOUS*, kar-bo-na'-shus. a. Contain- ing carbon. Kirwan. CARBONA'DO$, kar-bo-na'-d6. 92, 77. n. s. [car- bonade, Fr.] Meat cut across to be broiled upon the coals. Shakspeare. To CARBONA'DO, kar-bb-na'-do. . [See Lumba- go.] v. a. To cut, or hack. Shakspeare. CARBO'NICK*, kar-bon'-ik. a. Relating to carbon. Kirwan. CA'RBUNCLE $, kai^-bangk-kl. 405. n. s. [carlnm cuius, Lat.] A jewel shining in the dark. Shak. A round, hard, and painful tumour, which soon mortifies. Bacon. CA'RBUNCLED, kar'-bfingk-kld. 362. a. Set with carbuncles. Shak. Spotted; deformed with car- buncles. CARBU NCULAR, kar-bung'-ku-lfir. a. Belonging to a carbuncle. CARBUNCULA'TION, klr-bfing-ku-la'-shun. n. s. The blasting of young buds of trees or plants. Harris. CA'RCANET, kar'-ka-net. n. s. [carcan, Fr.] A chain or collar of jewels. Sliakspeare. CA'RCASS, kar'-kas. 92. n. s. [carcasse, Fr.] A dead body of any animal. Spenser. Body ; in a ludicrous sense. Shak. The decayed parts of any thing. Sliak. The main parts, naked, without completion. Hale. [In gunnery.] A kind of bomb. Harris. CA'RCELAGE, kar'-se-lfdje. 90. n. s. [career, Lat.] Prison fees. Did. CA'RCERAL*, kar'-se-ral. a Belonging to a prison. CARCINOMA, kar-se-n6'-ma. n. s. [kuokTvos.] A particular ulcer ; also a disorder in the horny coat of the eye. Quincy. CARCINOMATOUS, kar-se-n&m'-a-tfis. a. Can- cerous. CARD §, kard. 92. n. s. [carte, Fr.] A paper paint- ed with figures, used in games of chance. Shak. The paper on which the winds are marked for the mariner's compass. Spenser. The instrument with which wool is combed. To CARD, klrd. v. a. To comb. Dryden. To mingle together. Bacon. To disentangle. Shelton I To CARD, kard. v. n. To game. i CARD-TABLE*, kard'-ta-bl. n. s. The table appro- priated to those who play at cards. Bp. Berkeley. CA RD AMINE*, kar'-da-mlne. 148. n. s. [KapSajtivti.] The plant lady's-smock. CARDAMO'MUM. [This word is commonly pro- nounced kar'-da-mum. W.] n. s. [KapSdnwjiov.] A medicinal seed, of the aromatick kind, brought from the Ea^t Indies. Clmmbers. J CA'RDER, kar'-dur. 98. n. s. One that cards wool. Shak. One that plays much at cards. Wolton. CARDPACAL, kar-dl'4-kal. ) a. UapSia.] Cordial. CA'RDIACK. kar'-de-ak. ( Bp. Berkeley. CA'RDIALGY, kar'-de-al-je. n. s. The heart-burn. Quincy. CARDINALS, kar'-de-nal. 88. a. [cardinalis, Lat.] Principal; chief. Brown. CA'RDINAL, kar'-de-nal. n. s. One of the chief governours of the Romish church. Shak. The name of a woman's cloak ; red or scarlet, such as cardi nals wear. CARDPNAL'S FLOWER, n.s. A flower. Miller. CA'RDINALATE, kar'-de-na-late. ) n. s. The of- CA'RDINALSHIP, kar'-de-nal-ship. \ fice of a cardinal. Bp. Hall. To CA'RDINALIZE*, ka^-de-nal-lze. v. a. To make a cardinal. Sheldon. CA'RDING*, kard'-mg. n. s. The act of playing at cards. CARDIO'lD*, kar-de-flld'. n. s. An algebraick curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart. Chambers. CA'RDMAKER, kard'-ma-kor. n, s. A maker of cards. Shakspeare. CA RDMATCH, kard'-matsh. n. s. A match made by dipping pieces of card in melted sulphur. Ad- dison. CARDO'ON*. kar-d&on'. n. s. [cardo, Span.] A I species of wild artichoke. Chambers. CA'RDUUS BENEDICT US, kar / -du-us-b£n-e- j dlk'-tus. n. s. The herb called blessed thistle. Shakspeare. CARE§, kare. n. s. [cap, cape, SaxJ Solicitude. Dnjden. Caution. Shak. Regard. TiUotson, The object of care. Sliakspeare. To CARE, kare. t\ n. To be anxious, Sidney. To be inclined. Waller. To be affected with. Sliak 171 CAR CAR (O 3 559. — Fate, far, fall, fat ; — me, m£t 5 — pine, pin ; — 359. Broken CARE-CRAZED, kare'-krazd with care. Shakspeare. CARE-DEFYING*, kare'-de-fl'-ing. a. Bidding de- fiance to care. Shenstone. CARE-TUNED*, kare'-tund. a. Tuned by care 5 mournful. Shakspeare. CARE- WOUNDED*, kare'-wSSnd-eU [See Wound.] a. Wounded with care. May. CA'RECT* kar'-ekt. ?i.s. A charm. See Charact. To CARE'EN, ka-reen'. v. a. [carina; Fr.] To lay a vessel on one side, in order to refit or trim the other side. Cliambers. To CARE'EN, ka-reen'. v.n. To be in the state of careening-. CARF/ERS, ka-reer 7 . n. s. [carriere, Fr.] The ground on which a race is run. Sidney. A course ; a race. Shah. Height of speed. Wilkins. Course of action. Shakspeare. To CARE'ER, ka-reer 7 . v.. n. To run with swift motion. Milton. CAREFUL, kare'-ful. a. Anxious. Spenser. Provi- dent. 2 Kings. Watchful. Ray. Subject to per- turbations. Sliakspeare. CAREFULLY, kare'-ful-le. ad. In a manner that shows care. Collier. Heedfully. S/ialcspeare. Prov- idently ; cautiously. CAREFULNESS, kare'-ful-nes. n. s. Vigilance. Knolles. CA'RELESS, kare'-l^s. a. Having no care. Spen- ser. Cheerful ; undisturbed. Pope. Unheeded ; thoughtless. Pope. Unmoved by. Beanm. and Fl. Contrived without art. Bp. Taylor. CARELESSLY, kare'-les-le. ad. Negligently. Heedless- ipenser. CARELESSNESS, kare'-les-nes. ness. Shakspeare. CARENTANE*, n. s. [quarantaine, Fr.] A papal indulgence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties. Bp. Taylor. To CARE'SS §, ka-reV. v. a. [caresser, Fr.] To en- dear ; to fondle. South. CARETS, ka-reV. n. s. An act of endearment. Milton. CA'RET, ka'-ret. n. s. [Lat.] A not", which shows where something interlined should be read. CA'RGASON, kar'-ga-son. n. s. [cargaqon, Span.] A cargo. Howell. CA'RGO, kar'-go. n. s. [cargue, Fr.] The lading of a ship. Burnet. CARlATIDESf, ka-re-at'-e-dez. See Cary- atides. CARICAT U RE §*, kar-Sk-a-tare'. 461. n. s. [ca- ricatura, Ital.] A ridiculous representation of a person or circumstance, without loss of the resem- blance. Brown. To CARICATURE*, kar-ik-a-ture'. v. a. To rid- ! icule. Lord Lytfelton. CARICATU'RtST*, kar-lk-a-tu'-rfst. 463. n. s. He who caricatures persons or things. CA'RICOUS Tumour, kar'-e-kus-ta'-mar. [carica, Lat.] A swelling in the fonn of a fig. CA'RIES, ka'-re-lz. 99. n. s. [Lat.] That rottenness which is peculiar to a bone. Wiseman. CARINATED Leaf*, [carina, Lat.] A leaf, of which the back resembles the keel of a ship. Chambers. CARIOSITY, ka-re-os'-e-te. n. s. Rottenness Wiseman. CARIOUS, ka'-re-fis. 314. a. Rotten. Wiseman. CARK, kark. n. s. [cane, Sax.] Care 5 anxiety. Sidney. Ob. J. To CARK. kark. v.n. To be careful. Sidney. CARK1NG* kark'-lng. n.s. Care 5 anxiety. Decay of Piety. CARLE, karl. n. s. [ceonl, Sax.] A mean, rude, rough, brutal man. Spenser. ■ CARLE, karl. n. s. A kind of hemp. Tusser. To CARLE*, karl. v. n. To act like a carle. Bur- ion. CARLINE THISTLE, kar-llne-r/aV-sl. n. s. [car- Una, LatJ A plant. Miller. CA'RLINGS, karM'ingz. n. s. Timbers of a ship on which the ledges rest, and the planks of the deck are made fast. Harris. CA'RLISH* kar'-Hsh. a. Churlish 3 rude Marriage of Sir Gawaine. CA'RLISHNESS*, klr'-lish-nes. n. s. Churlishness. Huloet. CARLOT*, kar'-lfit. n.s. A countryman. Shak. CA'RMAN, kar'-man. 88. n. s. A man who drives cars. Gay. CARME*, karm. ) n. s. [from CARMELITE*, kar'-me-llte. 156. \ Mount Car- mel.~\ A Carmelite or white friar. Chaucer. CA'RMELIN*, kar'-me-lm. ) a. Belonging to the CARMELITE, kar'-me-llte. , order of Carmel- ites. Weever. CARMELITE, kar'-me-llte. n. s. A sort of pear. CARMI'NATIVE,kar-mln'-a-tiv. 157. n.s. [supposed to be so called, as having the power of a charm.] Medicines to dispel wind. Arbuthnot. CA'RMINE, kar-mlne'. n. s. A bright red or crim- son colour, used by painters. Chambers. JCr" Dr. Johnson, Sheridan, Ash, and Smith, accent this word on the first syllable ; but Mr. Nares, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Perry, Buchanan, and Entick, more properly on the last : — for the reason, see Carbine. W. CA'RNAGE, kar'-nldje. 90. n. s. [carnage, Fr.] Slaughter. Hayward. Heaps of flesh. Milton. CA'RNAL§, kar'-nal. 88. a. [carnalis, low Lat.] Fleshly; not spiritual. Milton. Lustful. Shale. CARNAL-MINDED*, kar'-nal-mind'-eU a. World- ly-minded. More. CARNAL-MINDEDNESS*,kai'-nal-mlnd'-e'd-n£s. • n.s. Crossness of mind. Ellis. CA'RNALIST*. kV-nal-fst. n. s. One given to car- nality. Burton. CARNALITE*, kar'-nal-lte. n. s. A worldly-mind- ed man. Anderson. CARNALITY, kar-nal'-e-te. n. s. Fleshly lust. Feltham. Grossness of mind. Milton. To CARNALIZE*, kar'-nal-lze. v. a. To debase to carnality. Scott. C ARN ALLY, kar'-nal-le. ad. According to the flesh. Hooker. Libidinously. Levit. xviii. CARNATION, kar-na'-shun. n s. The name of the natural flesh colour; the name of a flower. Pope. CARNATIONED*, kar-na'-shfind. a. Coloured like the carnation. Lovelace. CARNE'LION, kar-nele'-yan. 113. n. s. A precious stone. Woodward. CARNEOUS, kar'-ne-ds. a. Fleshy. CA'RNEY*. kar'-ne. n. s. A disease in horses, wherein their mouths become so furred that they cannot, eat. Chambers. CARNIFICATION* kar-ne-fe-ka'-shun. n. s. The making of, or turning to, flesh. Chambers. To CA'RNIFY, kar'-ne-fl. v. n. To breed flesh. Hale. CARNIVAL, kar'-ne-val. n. s. [carnavale, Ital.] The feast held in the popish countries before Lent Decay of Piety. CARNI'VOROUS, kar-iuV-vo-rfl.s. 518. a. [carms and voro, Lat.] Flesh-eating Ray. CARNO'SITY, kar-nos'-se-te. n. s. Fleshy excres- cence. Beaumont and Fletcher. CA'RNOUS, kar'-nfis. 314. u. Fleshy. Brown. CA'ROB, [or St. John's Bread.] ka'-r6b. A tree very common in Spain. Miller. CARO'CHE, ka-r6tsh'. n. s. [carrozza, Ital.l A coach, a carriag-e of pleasure. Burton. Ob. J. CAROCHED*, ka-r6tsht'. part a. Placed in a coach. Beaumont and Fletcher. CA'ROL §, kar'-rul. 166. n. s. [carola, Ital.] A song of joy and exultation. Spenser. A songol devotion. Shakspeare. A song in general. Shakspeare. To CAROL, kar'-ral. v. n. To sing ; to warble. Spenser. To CAROL, kar'-ral. v. a. To celebrate in song. Milton. CAROLING*, kar'-rol-Ing. n. s. A hymn or song of devotion. Spenser. 172 CAR CAR — 116, move, ndr, n6t ;— tube, tub, bull ; — 6?1 ;— pdund ; — th'm, thjs. ( A ROT1D, ka-rdt'-M. a. Two arteries, which arise oal of the ascending trunk of the aorta. Rat/. CAROTIDAL*, ka-rot'-e-dal. a. Carotid. Smith, CAROUSAL, ka-rdiV-zal. 88. n. s. A festival. 7V> CAROUSES, ka-r6uV. v. n. [carouaser, Fr.] To drink ; to quaff. Shakspeare. V ROUSE, ka-rMz'. v. a. To drink lavishly. Shakspeare. CAROUSE. ka-r6uz . n. s. A drinking match. Pope. A heartvdose of liquor. Dairies. CAROUSER, ka-rou'-zflr. 98. n. s. A drinker. Granville 1 . CARP. karp. n. s. [carpe, Fr.] A pond fish. Hale. To CARP §, karp. v. n. [cai-po, Lat.] To censure 5 to cavil. Chaucer. To CARP*, karp. v. a. To blame. Abp. Cranmer. CARPENTER, kari-pen-tOr. 98. n. s. [charpenticr, Fr.] An artificer in wood ; a builder of houses, and ships. Fairfax. CA'RPENTRY, kar'-pen-tre. n, s. The trade or art of a carpenter. Moxon. CA'RPEK.kar-pnr. 98. n. 5. A caviller. Shak. CARPET §. kar-plt. 99. n. s. [karpet., Dutch.] A cov- ering of various colours, spread upon floors. Shale. Ground variegated with flowers, and level and smooth. Shale. Any thing variegated. Raij. A slate of ease and luxury. Shale. — To be on the car- pet, is to be the subject of consideration. To CA'RPET, kar'-pit. v. a. To spread with car- pets. Bacon. CA RPET-WALK*, kar'-plt-wawk. ) n. s. A green CARPET-WAY*, kari-plt-wa. \ way; a wav on the turf. Evelyn. CA RPING. kari-pmg. 410. part. a. Captious ; cen- sorious. Granville. C A' RPING*, kari-plng. n.s. Cavil ; censure ; abuse Leslie. CA'RPINGLY, kari-ping-le. ad. Captiously. Cam- den. CA RPjNIEALS, karp'-meelz. n.s. A kind of coarse cloth made in the north of England. CA'RPUS, kar'-pus. n.s. [Lat.] The wrist. Wise- mttn. CA'RRACK. See Carack. CA RRAT. See Carat. CA'RRAWAY. See Caraway. CA'RRIABLE* kar'-re-a-bl. a. That which may be carried. Sherwood. CARRIAGE, kari-r?dje. 90. n. s. [cariage, Fr.] The act of carrying. Bacon. Conquest; acquisition. Knolles. Vehicle. Walts. The frame upon which cannon is carried. Knolles. Behaviour. Bacon. Conduct ; measures. Shale. Management. Bacon. That which is carried. Sjienser. CA'RRIER, kar'-re-ftr. n. s. One who carries. Ba- con. One whose trade is to carry goods. Pierce. A messenger. The name of a species of pigeons that fly with letters tied to their necks, which they carry to the place where they were bred, however remote. Walton. CA'RRION §, kar'-re-nn. 166. n. s. [caroigne. old Fr.] The carcass of something not proper for food! Spenser. Flesh so corrupted as not to be fit for food. Dryden. A name of reproach for a worth- less woman. Shakspeare. CA'RRION, kar'-re-im. a. Relating to or feeding upon carcasses. Shakspeare. CA|RRONADE* kari-rtin-ade. n. s. A very short piece of iron ordnance, originally made at Carron in Scotland. James. CA'RROT$, kari-rut. 166. [carote, Fr.] An esculent root. Mortimer. CA'RROTY, kar'-rfit-e. n.s. Spoken of red hair; in colour like carrots. C ARROWS, kar'-roze. n. s. [An Irish word.] A kind of people that wander up and down to gentle- men's houses, living only upon cards and dice. Spenser. To CA'RRY $, kar'-re. v. a. [clmrier. Fr.] To con- vey from a place. Psalm xlix. To transport. Marie vi To bear ; to have about one. Wiseman. To take; to have with one. Locke. To convey by force. Shak. To effect any thing. Bacon. To gain in competition. Shak. To gain after resistance. Shak. To gain with, that is, to prevail. Shale. To bear out; to face through. L' Estrange. To continue external appearance. Shak. To manage; to transact. Addison. To behave; to conduct. Bacon. To bring forward. Locke. To urge. South. To bear; to have. Hale. To exhibit; to show. Addison. To imply. Locke. To contain. Watts To have annexed. South. To convey or bear any thing united or adhering, by communication of motion. Bacon. To move in a certain direction. Addison. To push on ideas, or any thing succes- sive in a train. Hale. To receive. Bacon. To support. Bacon. To bear, as trees. Bacon. To fetch and bring, as dogs. Ascham. — To carry away [In naval language.] To loose. Byron. To earn? coals. To bear injuries. Whiclicot. To carry oJ~. To kill. Temple. To carry on. To promote. Addison. To continue. Sprat. To prosecute. Temple. To carry out. To put into amazement. Sir J. Davies. To carry through. To support. Hammond. To CA'RRY, kar'-re. v. n. To convey ; to transport : a phrase from gunnery or archery ; as, the cannon carried well. Shakspeare. CA'RRY*, kar'-re. n. s. The motion of the clouds. CA'RRY-TALE, kar'-re-tale. n. s. A tale-bearer Shakspeare. CART$, kart. 92. n.s. [ensefc, cnafc, Sax.] A car- riage in general. Temple. A wheel carriage, used for luggage. Dryden. A small carriage with two wheels, used by husbandmen. Sidney. The vehicle in which criminals are carried to execution. Prior. To CART, kart. v. a. To expose in a eart by way of punishment. Beaumont and Flei eher . To place in a cart. Dryden. To CART, kart. v. n. To nse carts for carriage. Mortimer. CART-HORSE, kart'-horse. n. s. A horse fit only for the cart. Knolles. CART- JADE, kart'-jade. n. CART-LOAD, kart'-lode. n. to load a cart. Boi/le. . A vile horse. Sidney, ?. A quantity sufficient CART-ROPE, kart'-rope. n. s. A strong cord used to fasten the load oiTthe carnage. CART- WAY, kart'-wa. n. s. A way through which a carriage mav conveniently travel. Mortimer. CA'RTAGE*, kart'-idje. n. s. The employment of a cart. CARTE BLANCHE, kart-blansh'. [Fr.] A blank paper, to be filled up with such conditions as the person to whom it is sent thinks proper. CARTELS, kar-teT. n. s. [cartel, Fr.J A writing- containing stipulations between enemies. Addison. A letter of defiance ; a challenge to a due}. Daniel. A ship commissioned to exchange the prisoners of hostile powers. Cliambers. To CA RTEL*, kar'-tel. v. a. To defv. B. Jonsan. CA'RTER, kart'-ur. 98. n. s. The man who drives a cart. Shaksjieare. CA'RTERLY* kar'-tur-le. ad. Rude, like a cartel Cotsrave. CARTE'SIAN*. kar-te'-zhe-an. a Relating to the philosophy of Des Cartes. Smith. CARTESIAN*, kar-te'-zhe-an. n. s. A follower of the Cartesian philosophv. Reid. CARTHUSIAN*, kar-*/uV-shfin. n. s. A monk of the Chartreux. Beaumont and Fletcher. CARTHU'SIAN*, kar-tfm'-shon. a. Relating to the order of monks so called. Cluimbers. The name of kermes mineral. Chambers. CA'RT1LAGE$, kari-te-tfdje. 90. n. s. [carlilago, Lat.] A smooth and solid body, softer than a bone, but harder than a lierament. Arbuthnot. CARTILAGI'NEOtTS, kar'-te-la-j?n'-vOF. 113. ) CARTILA'GINOUS, kar-te-ladje'-e-nfis. 314. $ a * Consisting of cartilages. Ray. CARTO'ON, kar-i6dn'. n. s. [cartone, Ital ] A paint ing or drawing upon large paper. Watts. 173 CAS CAS (ET 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met j— pine, pin ;— CARTO'UCH, kar-tootsh'. n. s. [cartouche, Fr.] A oase of wood, girt round with marline, and holding musket balls, &c. and fired out of a mortar. Harris. A portable box for cartridges. A roll [like a scroll of paper] adorning the cornice of a pillar. Coles. CA'RTRAGE, > t a^ lA « p qn 5 »•*• Acaseofpa- CA'RTRIDGE, \ kar/ " tr,d J e - 9a \ per filled with gunpowder, used in charging guns. Dryden. CA'RTRUT, kart'-rftt. n. s. The track made by a ■cart wheel. CA'RTULARY, kar'-tshu-la-re. 461. n. s. [cartu- laire, Fr.] A register ; a record. Weever. An ec- clesiastical officer, who had the care of the records. CA'RT WRIGHT, kart'-rlte. n. s. A maker of carts. Camden. CA'RUCATE*, kar'-u-kate. n. s. [caruca, Lat.] A plough-land. As much land as one team can plough in the year, KeUuxm. CA'RUNCLES, kar'-unk-kl. 405. n. s. [caruncula, Lat.] A small protuberance of flesh. Wiseman. CARU'NCULATED*, ka-run'-ku-la-teU a. Having a protuberance, British Birds. CARVE*, karv. n. s. A carucate. Sir J. Ware. To CARVE §, karv. v. a. [ceoppan, Sax.] To cut matter into elegant forms. Wisdom. To cut meat at the table. To make any thing by carving or cutting. Dryden. To engrave. Sliak. To dis- tribute. South. To cut; to hew. Spenser. To CARVE, karv. v. n. To exercise the trade of a sculptor. CA/RVEL, kar'-vel n. s. See Caravel. A small ship. Raleigh. C A'RVEL*, kar'-vel. n. s. The urtica marina, or sea- blubber. Sir T. Herbert. CA'RVER, kar'-vur. 98. n. s. A sculptor. Dryden,. fie that cuts up the meat at the table. Dryden. A distributor. Shakspeare. CA'RVING, kar'-vtng. 410. n. s. Sculpture. Temple. CAR YA> TES, ka-re-a'-tez. ) n. s. [from Ca- CARYA' TIDES, kk-rb£l>-h-dbz.<> rya, a city taken by the Greeks, who led away the women captives; and, to perpetuate their shame, repre- sented them in buildings as charged with burdens.] An order of columns or pilasters under the figures of women, dressed in long robes, serving to support entablatures. Cfiambers. CASCA'DE, kas-kade', n. s. [cascade, Fr.] A cata- ract; a waterfall. Brown. CASES, kase. n. s. [caisse, Fr.] A box; a sheath. Shak. The cover, or skin, of an animal. Shale. The outer part of a building. Addison. A build- ing unfurnished, Wotton. CASE-KNIFE, kase'-nlfe. n. s. A large kitchen knife, Addison. CASE-SHOT, kase'-sh&t n. s. Bullets enclosed in a ease. Clarendon. CASE?, kase. n.s. [casus, Lat.] Condition. Spenser. State of things. Bacon. State of the body. Bacon. History of a disease. State of a legal question. Bacon. — In case, is lusty, or fat. Sluxlc. Contin- gence ; possible event Tillotson. Question relat- ing to particular persons or things. Sidney. Rep- resentation of any fact or question. The variation -of nouns. Clarke. Incase. If. Hooker. To CASE, kase- v. a. To put in a case. Sliak. To cover as a case. Sluik. To cover on the outside with materials different from the inside. Arbuthnot. To strip oft* the skin. Shakspeare. To CASE, kase. v. n. To put cases. V Estrange. To CASEHA'RDEN, kase'-har-dn. v. a. To harden on the outside. Moxon. CA'SEMATE, kase'-mate. n.s. [casamatta, Ital.] [In fortification.] A subterraneous or covered arch- work, B. Jonson. The well with its several sub- terraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion. Harris. CA'SEMENT, kaze'-ment. n.s. [casamento, Ital.] A window opening upon hinges. SlwJcspeare. CA'SEOUS, ka'-se-us. a. [caseus, Lat.] Resembling cheese, Floyer. CA'SERN.kaZ-sern. n. s. [caserne, Fr.] A little room or lodgement between the rampart and the houses of fortified towns, as lodgings for the soldiers of the garrison. Wraxhall. CA'SE WORM, kase'-wurm. n. s. A grub that makes itself a case. Floyer. CASH?, kash. n. s. [caisse, Fr.] Money; properly, ready money. Milton. CA'SH-KEEPER, kash'-keep-ur. n. s. A man en trusted with the money. Arbuthnot. To CASH*, kash. v. a. To cash a bill, i. e. to give money for it. To CASH$*, kash. v. a. [casser, Fr.] To discard. Sir A. Gorges. CA'SHEWNUT, ka-sh6d'-nut. n. s. A tree that bears nuts, not with shells, but husks. Miller. CASHFER, ka-sheer'. 275. n. s. He that has charge of the money. Decker. To CASHFER, ka-sheer'. v. a. [casser, Fr.] To dis- card. Sluikspeare. To annul; to vacate. South. CA'SHOO*, kash'-od. n. s. The gum or juice of a tree in the East Indies. CA'SING*, ka'-slng. n. s. The covering of any thing In Northumberland, dried cow-dung. Waterland. CASK§, kask. n. s. [casque, Fr.] A barrel. Harvey. To CASK*, kask. v. a. To put into a cask. CASK, kask. ) n.s. A helmet; armour for CA'SQUET, kas'-kit. ] the head. CA'SKET, kas'-klt. 99. n. s. A small box for jewels. Shakspeare. To CA'SKET, kaV-ldt. v. a. To put into a casket. Shakspeare. To CASS*, kas. v. a. To annul. Raleigh. CASSAMUNATR, kas-sa-mu-nare'. n. s. An aro- matick vegetable, brought from the east. To CA'SSATE, kas'-sate. 91. v. a. [cassare, low Lat.] To vacate ; to invalidate. Ray. CASSATION, kas-sa'-shfln. n. s. A making null. Diet. CA'SSAVT, kas'-sa-ve. > n. s. An American plant. CA'SSADA, kas'-sa-da. \ Miller. CA'SSAWARE. See Cassiowary. CA'SSIA, kash'-she-a. n. s. A sweet spice used in the composition of the holy oil. Psalm xlv. CA'SSIA, kash'-she-a. n. s. The name of a tree. Miller. CA'SSIDONY, kas'-se-do-ne. n. s. -The name of a plant, CASSINO*, kas-se'-n^. n. /o f .] A deluge. Hale. CATACOMBS, kat'-a-komz. n.s. [/car* and ku^os.] Subterraneous cavities for the burial of the dead. Addison. CATACOU'STICKS* kat-a-k6as'-t?ks. n.s. pi [.] A cataract ; a water-fall. Brewer. 175 CAT CAT O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m^t;— pine, pin;— CATAGMA'TICK, kat-ag-mat'-ik. a. [Karay^a.] The quality of consolidating the parts. Wiseman. CA'TAGRAPH*, k&t'-a-graf. n.s. [KaTaypafcv.] The first draught of a picture. Coles. Profile. Chambers. CATALE'CTICK*, kat-a-leV-tik. a. [Kara and \tywl Relating to metrical measure. Tyrwhitt. CATALE'PSY* kat-a-lep'-se. »• *• [icard^ms.] A lighter species of the apoplexy, or epilepsy. Ar- buthnol. To CA'TALOGIZE*, kat'-a-lfi-jlze. v.a. To putj into a catalogue. Coles. CATALOGUE $, kat'-a-]6g. 338. n. s. [Kard\oyos •] | An enumeration of particulars ; a list. Sliakspeare. To CA 'TALOGUE*, kat'-a-l6g. v.a. To make a list of. Sir J. Harington. CATALYSIS*, ka-tal'-e-sis. n.s. [ K aTd\vms.] Dis- solution. Bp. Taylor. CATAMARAN* ka-tam'-a-ran. n.s. [In naval lan- guage.] A float so called. CA TAME'NIA*, kat-a-me'-ne-a. n.s. The menses ; the monthly courses. CATAMOUNT AIN, kat-a-m6un'-tin. n.s. [gato- montes, Span.] A fierce animal resembling a cat. Bale. CA'TAPASM*. kat'-a-pazm. n. s. A mixture of pow- ders to be sprinkled medicinally on the body. CATAPHO'NICKS*, kat-a-fon'-iks. 508. n. s. pi. [Kara and 0wv^J The doctrine of reflected sounds. CATAPHRACT, kat'-a-frakt. n.s. [KardcppaKros.] A horseman in complete armour. Milton. CATAPLASM, kat'-a-plazm. n.s. [/card^ac-pa.] A Joultice. Sliakspeare. 'TAPUCE*, kat'-a-pfise. n.s. [Fr.] The herb spurge. Chaucer. CATAPULT, kat'-a-pfilt.489.n..s. [catapulta, Lat.] An engine used anciently to throw stones. Camden. CATARACT, k&t'-a-rakt. n.s. [KarapdKT V .] A fall of water from on high ; a cascade. Sliakspeare. CA'TARACT, kat'-a-rakt. n.s. A dimness or loss of sight, produced by an opaque body situated be- hind the pupil. Bacon. CATARRH $, ka-tar / . n. s. [ K aTap'pi«.[/tafcpri*ds.l CATHARTICKt, ka-f/iar'-tik. 509. \ Purgative. Rook. CATHARTIC ALNESS, ka-r/iar'-te-kal-nes. n.s. Purs-ins; quality. CATHA in'ICKS, ka-f/iar'-tiks. n. s. Purging- med- icines. Garth. CA THEAD, kat'-hed. n. 5. A kind of fossil. Wood- ward. CA THEAD. kat'-hed. n.s. A piece of timber which trices up the anchor from the hawse to die top of the fore-castle. CATHEDRAL?, ka-j/ie'-dral. 88. a. . [ Ka 6icoa.'] Episcopal. Aylijfe. Belonging to an episcopal church. Locke. Resembling the aisles of a cathe- dral. Pope. C ATHE DRAL. ka-rte'-dral. 88. a.*. The head church of a diocess. Addison. CA THEDRATED*. ka/A'-e-dra-ted. a. Relating to the authority of the chair, or office, of a teacher. dock. CATHERINE-PEAR t, kai/i-fir-rin-pare-'. n.s. An inferiour kind of pear. CATHETER, ka/Zt'-e-iur. 98. n. s. [/caflcrfy.] A hol- low instrument, introduced into the bladder, to bring away the urine, when the passage is stopped. Wiseman. CATHOLES, kat'-holz. n. s. Two little holes astern above the gun-room ports of a ship. CATHO LK5AL* ka-i/toF-e-kal. a. General. Greg- To CATHOLICISE*, ka-f/iol'-e-slze. v. a. To be- come a calholick. CATHO'LICISM. ka-tfiol'-e-sizm. n.s. Adherence to the calholick church. Swinburne. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church. Pearson. CATHOLICKS, kar/i'-o-llk. a. [ K ad6\iKog.] Univer- sal, or general. CA THOL1CK*. ka>7i'-6-llk. n.s. A papist; a Ro- man catholick. CA THOLICKLY*, kai/i'-o-lik-le. ad. Generally. Sir L. dry. CA THO[JCKNESS*,ka//r-6-lik-nes. n. s. Univer- sality. Brevint. CATHO LICON, ka-^ol'-e-kon. n.s. A universal medicine. Government of the Tongue. CATILINISM* kaf-e-lln-lzm. n. s. Conspiracy : from Catiline the conspirator. Cotgrave. CATKINS, kat'-kinz. n.s. [kattekens, Dut.] An as- semblage of imperfect flowers hanging from trees, in manner of a cat's tail. Chambers. CATLIKE, kat -like, a. Like a cat. Shakspeare. CATLING, kat'-ling. n. s. A dismembering knife, used bv surgeons. Catgut. Shakspeare. CA TMINT, kat'-mint. n. s. The name of a plant. Miller. CATO'NTAN*, ka-uV-ne-an. a. What resembles the manners of Cato. Grave ; severe. Did. CATOPTER*, ka-topMur. )n.s. [>«T07rrpov.] CATOPTRON*, ka-tdp'-trun. $ A kind of optick glass ; an optical instrument. CATO PTRICAL. kat-dp'-tre-kal. a. Relating to catoplricks. Arbuthnot. CATO'PTRICKS, kat-op'-lriks. n. s. That part of opticks which treats of vision by reflection. Burton. CATPIPE. kat'-plpe. n.s. A catcal. L' Estrange. CATS-EYE, kats'-l. n. s. A stone of a glistening o-rav colour. Woodward. CAT'S-FOOT, kats'-fftt. n.s. An herb ; ground-ivy. CATS-HEAD, kats'-heM. n.s. A kind of large ap- ple. Mortimer. CA'TSILVER, kat'-sll-vur. 98. n.s. A kind of fossil. 23 CAT'S-TAIL, kats'-tale. n.s. A long, round sub- stance that grows upon nut-trees, Ace. A kind of reed. Philips. CATSUP. See Catchup. CATTLE $, kat'-tl. 405. n. s. leasts of pasture ; not wild nor domestick. Shakspeare. It is used in re- f roach of human beings. Shakspeare. UDAL- , kaw'-dal. a. [cauda, Lat.] Relating to the tail of an animal. Russel. CA'UDATE*. kaw'-date. )a. Having a tail. CAUDATEB*, krtw-da'-ted. \ Fairfax. CA UDLE$, kaw'-dl. 405. n.s. [chaudeau. Fr.] A mixture of wine and other ingredients, given town- men in childbed, and sick persons. Slvxkspeare. To CAUDLE, kaw'-dl. v. a. To make caudle. Sluikspeare. CAUF, kawf. n. s. A chest to keep fish alive in the water. Philips. CAUGHT, kawt. 213, 393. part. pass, [from To cr J :h.'] C AUK, kawk. n. s. A coarse talky spar. Woodward. CAUL. kawl. n. s. The net in which women enclose their hair. Spenser. Any kind of small net. Grew. The omentum ; the integument in which the guts are enclosed. Rcy. The little membrane found on some children, encompassing the head, when born. B. Jonson. CA ULET*. kaw'-let. n. s. [ca?dus, Lat.] Colewort. CAULI'FEROUS, kaw-lif-fe-rus. a. Such plants as have a true stalk. CA ULIFLOWER, kol'-le-flou-ur. n. s. A species of cabbage. • To CAULK. See To C.«.k. To CA'UPONATE, kaw<-p6-nate. v.n. [cauponor, Lat.] To keep a victualling house. Diet. To CA UPONTSE*, kaw'-pd-nize. r. a. To sell wine or victuals. Warbuiion. CA USABLE, kaw'-za-bl. 405. a. That which may be caused. Brown. CA'USAL, kaw'-zal. a. Relating to causes. Glan- ville. CAUSALITY, kaw-zal'-e-te. n.s. The agency of a cause. Brown. CAUSALLY, kaw'-zal-le. ad. According to the or- der of causes. Broiai. CAUSATION, kaw-za'-shun. n.s. The act of caus- ing. Brown. CATJSATIVE, kaw'-za-Uv. 157. a. That expresses a cause or reason. Student. That eflects as an agent. Bacon. CATSATIYELY*, kaw'-za-tiv-le. ad. In a caasa- tive manner. Student. CAUSATOR, kaw-za'-tur. 521, 98. n.s. A causer. Brown. CAUSES, kawz. n. s. [causa, Lat.] That which pro- duces any things Hooker. The reason ; motive to anything-. Shak. Reason of debate. Shak. Side; party. Tickell. To CAUSE, kawz. v. a. To effect as an agent. To CAUSE*, kawz. v.n. To assign insufficient cause or reason. Spaiser. Ob. T. CAU'SELESS, kawz'-lfe. a. Having no cause. Blackmore. "Wanting just ground. Spenser. CA'USELESSLY, kawz'-les-le. ad. Without cause. Bp. Tai/lor. CATJSELESSNESS*, kawz'-les-nes. «.*. Unjust ground. Hammond. CA'USER. kaw'-z&r. 98. n. s. He that causes; the agent. Sidney. CA'USEY. kaw'-ze. )n.s. [chaussee, Fr.] A CATJSEWAY, kawz'-wa. $ way raised and pav- ed above the rest of the ground. "Milton. £5= Dr. Johnson tells us. that this word, by a fake notion of its etymology, has been lately written causeicay. It is derived from the French chaussie. In the scripture we find it written causey. " To Shuppim the lot came forth westward by the causey." 1 Chron. xxvi. 16. But Milton, Dryden, and Pope, write it causeway ; and these authorities seem to have fixed the pronunciation. This word, from its mistaken etymology, may rank with lantern— which see. TV. 177 CAV CEI U= 559.— Fate, far. fall, fat 5— me, m^t;— pine, pm;— CAUSFDICAL* kaw-zfd'-e-kal. a. [causidicus, Lat.] Relating to an advocate or pleader. CAUSTICAL, kaws'-t6-kal. )a. [ K avaTiKbs.~] Medi- CAUST1CK, kaws'-tlk. $ caments which de- stroy the texture of the part to which they are ap- plied. Wiseman. CAUSTFCITY* kaws-tls'-e-te. n. s. Quality of a caustick. Ctiambers. CA/USTICK, kaws'-tfk. n. s. A corroding applica- tion. Temple. CAUSTICKNESS*, kaws'-tik-nes. n. s. The quali- ty of being caustick. Scott. CA'UTEM, kawMel. n.s. [cautelle, old Fr.] Cun- ning 5 subtlety. Sliakspeare. Caution. Fulke. CA'UTELOUS, kaw'-te-l&s. a. Cautious. Wotton. Wily ; cunning. Spenser. CAUTELOUSLY, klw'-te-las-le. ad. Cunningly. Bacon. Cautiously. Brown. C AUTELOUSNESS*, kaw'-te-l&s-nes. n. s. Cau- tiousness. Hales. Ob. T. CA'UTER*, kawMfir. n. s. [Kavr/jpiov.] A searing hot iron. Minsheu. CAUTERISM*, kaw'-tur-lzm. n. s. The applica- tion of cautery. Ferrand. CAUTERIZATION, klw-tur-re-za'-shun. n. s. The act of burning flesh with hot irons, or caus- ticks. Wiseman. To CAUTERIZE, kaw'-t&r-ize. v. a. To burn with the cautery. CAUTERIZING*, kaw'-tur-l-zing. n. s. The act of burning with the cautery. Sliakspeare. CA'UTERY §, kaw'-tfir-re. 555. ft. s. An instrument or medicine for burning. Wiseman. CAUTION §, kaw'-shfln. n. s. [cautio, Lat.] Pru- dence ; foresight. Security for. Howell. Security against. L'Estrange. Provisionary precept. Ar- buthnot. Warning. To CAUTION, kaw'-shun. v. a. To warn. Prior. CA'UTIONARY, kaw'-shun-a-re. a. Given as a pledge. Southerne. Warning. L. Addison. CAPTIOUS, kaw'-shus. 292. a. Wary ; watchful. Swift. CAUTIOUSLY, kaw'-shus-le. ad. Warily. Dryden. CAUTIOUSNESS, kaw'-shfis-nes. n.s. Watchful- ness 5 vigilance. Addison. CAVALCADE, kav'-al-kade'. 524. n. s. [cavalcade, Fr.] A procession on horseback. Dryden. CAVALFER§, kav-a-leer'. 275. n. s. [Fr.] A horse- man ; a knight. Taller. A gay, sprightly, military man. Shak. The appellation of the party of King Charles the First. Swift. [In fortification.] A mount or elevation of earth, to lodge cannon. Hey- wood. CAVALFER, kav-a-leer'. a. Gay ; sprightly ; war- like. Generous j brave. Suckling. Disdainful ; haughty. CAVALFERLY, kav-a-leer'-le. ad. Haughtily. Warbwrton. CAVALFERNESS* kav-a-leer'-nes. n. s: Haughty or disdainful conduct. CAVALRY, kav'-al-re. n. s. [cavakrie, Fr.] Horse troops. Bacon. To CAVATE, ka'-vate. v. a. [cavo, Lat.] To hollow out. CAVAZION, ka-va'-zhfin. n. s. The hollowing of the earth for cellarage. CAVE §, kave. n. s. [cave, Fr.] A cavern ; a den. Sliakspeare. Hollow. Bacon. To CAVE, kave. v. n. To dwell in a cave. Shak. To CAVE*, kave. v. a. To make hollow. Spenser. CA / VEAT,ka / -ve-at.tt.s. [Lat.] An intimation given to some ordinary or ecclesiastical judge, that he ought to beware how he acts. Ayliffe. CA'VERN, kav'-urn. 555. n. s. [cavema, Lat.] A hollow place in the ground. Sliakspeare. CAVERNED, kav'-firnd. 362. a. Full of caverns. Philips. Inhabiting a cavern. Pope. CAVERNOUS, kav'-fir-n&s. 557. Full of caverns. Woodward. CA VE'SSON, kav'-es-sfin. 98. n. s. [Fr.] A sort of band put upon the nose of a horse, to' forward the breaking of him. Farrier's Dictionary. CAVIA'RE, ka-veer'. 72.5. The roe of sturgeons and other fish. Sir T. Herbert. #3= Either the spelling or the pronunciation of this word should be altered: we have no instance in the language of sounding are, ere .- the ancient spelling seems to have been caviare ; though Buchanan and Bailey, in com- pliance with the pronunciation, spell it caveer, and W. Johnston, cavear ; and Ash, as a less usual spelling, cavier .- but the Dictionary De la Crusca spells it caviale. W. CAVFER, ka-veer'. n. s. A corruption of caviare. ToCA'VIL^, kav'-ll. 159. v.n. [caviller, Fr.] To raise captious objections. Sliakspeare. To CA'VIL, kaV-Sl. v. a. To treat with objections. CA'VIL, kav 7 -?l. n. s. False or frivolous objections. CAVILLA/TION, kav-fl-la'-shun. n. s. The practice of objecting. Abp. Cranmer. CA'VILLER, kav'-vll-fir. n. s. A captious disputant. Burton. CAVILLING*, kav'-il-ing. n. s. Dispute: Bp. Tay- lor. CAVILLINGLY, kav'-il-lfng-le. ad. In a cavilling manner. Sherwood. CAVILLlNGNESS*, kav'-ll-mg-nes. n. s. The dis- Xosition to cavil. 'VILLOUS, kav'-vll-lfis. a. Full of objections. Ayliffe. CA'VILLOUSLY*, kav'-il-us-le. ad. In a cavillous manner. Milton. CA 1 VIN, kav'-ln. n. s. [FrJ A natural hollow, fit to cover a body of troops. Diet. CANITY, kav'-e-te. 511. n. s. [cavitas, Lat.] Hol- lowness ; hollow place. Holder. To CAW, kaw. v. n. To cry as the rook, or crow Sliakspeare. CA'XON*, kaks'-fin. n. s. A cant expression for a wig. CA'XOU*, kaks'-du. n. s. A chest of ores of any metal, that has been burnt, ground, and washed, and is ready to be refined. C A' YMAN, ka'-man. 88. n. s. American alligator, or crocodile. CAZFUUE*, ka-zeek'. n. s. A title given to the petty kings of several countries in America. Townsend. To CEASE §, sese. v. n. [cesso, Lat.] To leave oft'. Dryden. To fail ; to be extinct. Deut. To be at an end. Dryden. To rest. Sprat. To CEASE, sese. v. a. To put a stop to. Sliakspeare. CEASE, sese. n. s. Extinction. Sliakspeare. CE'ASELESS, sese'-les. a. Incessant. Fairfax. CE'ASELESSLY*, sese'-les-le. ad. Perpetually. Donne. CECCHFN*, tshe.-keen'. n. s. [cechin, Fr.] Now written cliequin or zechin. A coin of Italy and Barbary. B Jonson. CE'CITY, seV-e-te. 503. n. s. [ccecitas, Lat.] Blind- ness. Brown. {£/= I have given the e in the first syllable of this word the short sound, not withstanding the diphthong in the orig- inal cmcitas ; being convinced of the shortening power of the antepenultimate accent of these words, 1-24, 511. and of the pre-antepenultimate accent of cenatory and prefatory. W. CPXU'TIENCY, se-ku'-she-en-se. n. s. Tendency to blindness. Broion. CE'DARS, se'-d&r. 88. n. s. [cebep, Sax.] A tree, the wood of which is accounted proof against the putrefaction of animal bodies. Shakspeare. CE'DARLIKE^se'-dur-llke.a. Resembling a cedar tree. B. Jonson. CET)ARN*, se'-durn. a. Belonging to the cedar tree. Milton. m , . To CEDE §*, sede. v. n. [ceder, Fr.] To submit. Shenstone. To CEDE*, sede. v. a. To resign. Drunvmond. CE'DRINE, se'-drlne. 140. a. Belonging to the cedar tree. _ , CE'DRY*, se'-dre. a. Of the colour of cedar. Evelyn. CETJULE*, sSd'-ule. n. s. [cSdule, Fr.] A scroll, or writing. Cotgrave. CE'DUOUS*, sed'-u-fis. a. [ceduus, Lat.] Fit to be felled. Evelyn. To CEIL §, sele. v. a. [ccelo, Lat.] To cover the inner roof of a building. 2 Chron. 178 CEM CEN — n6, move, nor, not; — tube, tub, ball; — dll; — pound; — thin, this. CF'ILING, se'-l?gg. n. 5. The inner roof. Bacon. The inside planks of a ship. Chambers. CE LAND1NE, sel'-an-dlne. 149. n. s. A plant. More. CE'LATURE, sel'-a-tshure. 461. n. s. [ccclatura, Lat.] The thing engraved. Hakewill. To CELEBRATE $, sel'-le-brate. 91. v. a. [celebro, Lat.] To praise. Addison. To distinguish by solemn rites. To mention in a set manner. Dry- den. CELEBRATION, sel-e-bra'-sh&n. n.s. Solemn per- formance. Sidney. Praise; renown. Clarendon. CE'LEBRATOR*, sel'-e-bra-tur. n. s. He who cele- brates. Boyle. CELE'BRlOUS, se-le'-bre-fis. 305. a. Famous. Grew. Ob. J. CELE BRIOUSLY, se-le'-bre-ds-le. ad. In a famous manner. CELE'BRIOUSNESS, se-Ie'-bre-us-nes. n. s. Re- nown. CELEBRITY, se-leb'-bre-te. 511. n.s. Publick and splendid transaction. Bacon. CELE'RIACK, se-le'-re-ak. n.s. A species of pars- ley. CELE'RITY, se-leV-re-te. n. s. [celeritas, Lat.] Swiftness. Hooker. CE'LERY, sel'-e-re. n. s. A species of parsley. CELE'STIAL$, sedes'-tshal. 272. a. [celestis, Lat.] Heavenly; relating to the superiour regions. Shak. Heavenlv; relating to the blessed state. Shak. Heavenly ; with respect to excellence. Dryden. CELESTIAL, se-les'-tshal. 464. ?i.s. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope. CELE'STIALLY, se-les'-tshal-le. ad. In a heavenly mauner. To CELE'STIFY, se-les'-te-f 1. v. a. To give some- thing of heavenly nature to any thing. Brown. Ob. J. CE'LESTINS*, sel'-es-tinz.rc. 5. Monks of a religious order, reformed by Pope Celestin V. CE'LIACK, se'-le-ak. a. See Cceliack. [ K oi\ia.] a. Relating to the belly. Arbuthnot. CE'LIBACY, s&'-e-ba-se. n. s. [ccclebs, Lat.] Single life. Spectator. CE'LIBATE, sel'-e-bat. 91. n. s. Single life. Bp. Hnll. CELLS, sfl.W. s- [cella, Lat.] A small cavity. Prior. The little habitation of a relfgious person. Shak. A small apartment in a prison. Jerem. Any small place of residence. Prior. A religious house. Chaucer. Little bags where fluids or matter of dif- ferent sorts are lodged. Quincy. CELLAR, sel'-l&r. 88. 71. s. [cellarium, Lat.] A place under ground, where stores and liquors are re- posited. .Peacfiam. CE'LLARAGE, selMur-ldje. 90. n. s. The cellars. Shaksjxare. CE'LLARER*. or CE'LLERER*, seT-lur-ttr. n. s. A butler. Chancer. CE'LLARIST, sel'-lfir-lst. 555. n. s. The butler in a religious house. CE'LLtJLAR, s&'-lu-lar. a. [cellula, Lat.] Consist- ing of little cells or cavities. Sharp. CE'LLULE*, seT-lule. n. s. A little cell. CF/LSITUDE, sel'-se-tude. n. s. [celsUudo, Lat.] Height. Chancer. CE'LTICISM*, sel'-te-slzm. n. s. The manner or custom of l he Celts. Warton. CE'LTICK*, sel'-tlk. a. Relating to the Celts, or Gauls. Milton. CELTS*, selts. n. s. [Celtce, Lat.J Inhabitants of Gaul. Warton. CE'MENT$, sem'-ment. 492. n. s. [cmmentum, Lat.] The matter with which two bodies are made to cohere. Sliak. Bond of union in friendship. Shak. To CEME'NT, se-ment'. v. a. To unite by some- thing interposed. Sluikspeare. To CEME'NT, se-ment'. v. n. To cohere. Sharp. CEMENTA'TION, sem-en-ta'-shfin. n. s. The act of cementing. CEMETMTER, se-ment'-ar. n. s. That which unites. Locke. CE'METERY, sem'-me-ter-e. n. s. [ko^ V t,i P iov.] A place where the dead are reposited. Addison. CEN. and CIN, denote kinsfolk. Gibson. CE'NATORY,sen'-na-lur-e.505.[SeeC E ciTY.512.] a. [ceno, Lat.] Relating to supper. Brown. CENOBI'TICAL, sen-n6-blt'-£-kdl. 503. a. [koIvos and (lios.] Living in community. CE'NOBY*, sen'-o-be. n. s. The place where persons live in community. Sir G. Buck. CE'NOTAPH, sen'-A-taf. n. s. [kivos and rdcpos.] A monument for one buried elsewhere. CENSE, sense, n. s. [census, Lat.] Publick rate Bacon. Condition ; rank. B. Jonson. To CENSE §, sense, v. a. [encenser, Fr.] To perfume with odours. B. Jonson. CE'NSER, sen'-sur. 98. n. s. The vessel in which in- cense is burned. Peacham. Afire-pan. Shakspeare. CE'NSION, s3n'-shfin. n. s. A rate ; an assessment. Joseph Hall. CE'NSOR$, sen'-s6r. 166. n. s. [censor, Lat.] An officer of Rome, who had the power of correcting manners. Toiler. One who is given to censure. Roscommon. CENSO'RIAL* sen-s6'-re-al. a. Full of censure ; severe. Warton. CENSO'RIAN, sen-so'-re-an. a. Relating to the censor. Bacon. CENSO'RIOUS, sen-so'-re-fis. a. Addicted to cen- sure; severe. Selden. CENSO'RIOUSLY r , sen-s6'-re-us-le. ad. In a severe, reflecting manner. CENSO'RIOUSNESS, sen-s6'-re-u.s-nes. n. s. Dis- position to reproach. Bp. Taylor. CE'NSORLIKE*, sen'-sdr-llke. a. Censorious ; au- stere. Cotgrave. CENSORSHIP, sen'-sor-shlp. 166. n. s. The office of a censor. Johnson. The time in which the office of censor is borne. Brown. CE'NSUAL*, sen'-shu-al. a. Relating to the census or Roman register. Temple. CE'NSURABLE, sen'-shu-ra-bl. a: Worthy of cen- sure. Locke. CE'NSURABLENESS, sen'-shu-ra-bl-nes. n. s. Blamableness. Whitlock. CE'NSURABLY*, sen'-shu-ra-ble. ad. In a blame- worthy manner. CE'NSJJRE$, sen'-shure. 452. n. s. [censura, Lat.] Blame. Pope. Judgement ; opinion. Shak. Ju- dicial sentence. Shak. A spiritual punishment in- flicted by some ecclesiastical judge. Hammond. To CE'NSURE, sen'-shure. v. a. To blame. Milton. To condemn. SJiak. To estimate. Shakspeare. To CF/NSURE*,' sen'-shure. v. n, Te judge. Slmk. CE'NSURER, sen'-shur-ur. n. s. He that blames. Shakspeare. CE'NSURING*,sen'-shur-mg. n. s. Reproach. San- derson. CE'NSUS*, seV-sus. n. s. A declaration among the Romans, made by the several subjects, of their names and places of abode, before the censors. • Benfley. CENT, s&it. n. s. [pentmn, Lat.] A hundred ; as, five per cent, that is, five in the hundred. Pope. CE'NTAGE*, sent'-aje. n. s. The payment of cents. CE'NTAUR§, sen'-tawr. n. s. [centauries, Lat.] A poetical being, compounded of .a man and a horse. Shak. The archer in the zodiack. Thorn. son. CE'NTAURLIKE* sen'rtawr-llke. a. Having the appearance of a centaur. Sidney. CE'NTAURY. sgn'-taw-re. n, s. A plant. Dryden. CE'NTENARY, sen'-le-na-re. n.s. The number of a hundred. Hakewill. CENTE'NNIAL*, sen-ten'-ne-al. a. Consisting of a hundred years. Mason. CENTE'SlMAL, sen-tes'-e-mal. 88. n. s. The next step of progression after decimal in the arithmetick of fractions. Arbuthnot. CENTE'SLMAL*, sen-teV-e-mal. a. Hundredth. Sir T. Brown. CENTIFO'LIOUS, sen-te-fo'-le-fis. a. [centum and folium, Lat.] Having a hundred leaves. 179 CER CER Qj" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mk',— pine, pin CENTFLOQUY*, sen-lll'^-kwe. n. s. A hundred- fold discourse. Burton. CENTFNODY*, sen-tW-6-de. n. si Knotgrass. CE'NTIPEDE, sen'-te-ped. n. s. [centum and pes, Lat.] A poisonous insect. ftCf" Biped and quadruped are spelled in Johnson without the final e, while solipedc, pal?nipede, plumipede, mul- tipede, and centipede, retain it. The orthography in this case is of importance to the pronunciation ; and therefore, as the words are of perfectly similar original, their spelling and pronunciation ought certainly to be alike. Biped and quadruped are the words most in use ; and as they have omitted the final e, which there docs not seem to be any reason to retain, we may infer, that the silent and insensible operation of custom has direct- ed us to do the same by the rest of the words, and to pronounce the last syllable short. — See Mille- pedes. W. CE'NTO, sen -to. n. s. [cento, Lai.] A composition formed by joining' scraps from various authors, or from various parts of the same author. Camden. CENTRAL, sen'-tral. 88. a. Relating to the centre; placed in the centre. CENTRA'LITY, sen-tral'-e-te. n. s. The state of a centre. More. CENTRALLY, sen'-iral-le. ad. With regard to the centre. Dryden. CENTRE $, sen'-tfir. 416. n. s.. [centrum, Lat.] The exact middle. Shakspeare. To CE'NTRE, sen'-tur. v. a. To place on a centre. Milton. To collect to a point. Prior. To GE'NTRE, scV-tur. v. n. To rest on. Decay of Piety. To be placed in the midst. Milton. To be collected to a point. Dn/den. CENTRICAL, sen'-trlk-al. ; a. Placed in the cen- CE'NTRICK, sen'-trfk. C ire. Donne. CE'NTRICALLY*, sen'-trik-al-le. ad. In a centric- al situation. CE'NTRICALNESS*, seV-trik-al-nes. n.s. A situa- tionplaced in the centre. CENTRFFUGAL, sgn-trff-u-gal. a. [centrum and fugio, Lat.] Ha'ving the quality acquired by bodies in motion, of receding from the centre. Cheyne. CENTRFPETAL, sgn-trlp'-e-tal. a. [centrum and peio, Lat.] Having a tendency to the centre ; having gravity. Cheyne. CE1NTRY, sen'-tre. n.s. A sentinel. CENTU* MVIRI*, shi-&m<-\k-r\.n. s. [Lat.] The hundred judges in the Roman republick. B. Jonson. CE'NTUPLE, sen'-tu-pl. 405. a. [centupkx, Lat.] A hundred fold. B. Jonson. To CE'NTUPLE*, sen'-tu-pl. v. a. To multiply a hundred fold. Beaumont and Fletcher. To CENTU'PLICATE, sen-uV-ple-kate. v. a. To make a hundred fold. Howell. To CENTIFRIATE, sen-lu'-re-ate. v. a. To divide into hundreds. CENTUaiiATOR,sen-tu-re-a'-tur.521.«.s. An his- torian, who distinguishes times by centuries. Aijliffe. CENTURION, sen-tiV -re-un. n.s. A Roman milita- ry officer, who commanded a hundred men. Shakspeare. CE'NTURIST*, sen'-tshu-rlst. n.s. Centurialor. Sheldon. CE ; NTURY§, sen'-tshu-re. 461. n. s. [centuria, Lat.] A hundred ; usually employed • to specify time. Sometimes simply a hundred. Spenser. CEOL. An initial in the names of men, which sig- nifies a ship or vessel. Gibson. CE'PHALALGY, sef-a-lal-je. n. s. [^aXaXy/a.] The headache. Diet. CEPHAL1CK, se-falMik. 509. a. [n^t,.] That which is medicinal to the head. Arbuthnot. CERA'STES.sk-ris'-iez. n. s. Opuorfc.] A ser- pent having horns. Milton. CE'RATE, se'-rat. 91. n.s. [cerat, Fr.] A stiff un- guent or liniment. CE'RATED, se'-ra-ted. a. Covered with wax. To CERE, sere. v. a. [cera, Lat.] To wax. Wise- man. CERE*, sere. n. s. The naked skin that covers the base of the bill in the hawk kind. White. CEREA'LIOUS*, se-re-a'-le-us. a. [cerealis, Lat.] Pertaining to corn. Sir T. Brown. CE'REBEL, seV-e-hel 503. n. s. [cerebellum, Lat.] Part of the brain. Derlxam. CE'REBRUM*, seV-e-brum. n. s. [Lat.] The brain. Prior. CE'RECLOTH, sere'-cl&th. n.s. Cloth smeared over with glutinous matter. Bacon. CE'REMENT, sere'-ment. n.s. Cloths dipped in melted wax, with which dead bodies were infolded when embalmed. Shakspeare. CEREMONIAL, ser-e-md'-ne-al. a. Relating to ceremony; Shakspeare. Formal. Sir E. Sandys. CEREMONIAL, ser-e-m6'-ne-al. n. s. Outw'ard form; external rite. Swift. The order for rites in the Romish church. CEREMO'NIALNESS, ser-e-md'-ne-al-nes. n. s. Ceremonial. CEREMONIOUS, ser-e-m6'-ne-us. a. Consisting of outward rites. South. Full of ceremony. Shak. Attentive to outward rites. Shak. Civil ; formally respectful. Addison. Civil and formal to a fault. Sidney. CEREMONIOUSLY, ser-e-m6'-ne-us-le. ad. For mallv; respectfully. Shakspeare. CEREMO'NIOUSNESS, ser-e-m^-ne-us-nes. n. s. Addieledness to ceremony. CEREMONY $, seV-e-mo-ne. 489. n.s. [ceremonia, Lat.] Outward rite ; external form in religion. Spen ser. Forms of civility. Shak. Outward forms of state. Shakspeare. CE'REOUS*, se'-re-us. a. Waxen. Gayton. CERFNTH1ANS*, se-rln'-tfie-anz. «.s. A sect that took their name from Cerinthus, who maintained many monstrous opinions. CE'ROTE, se'-r&t. n. s. The same with cerate. CE'RRIAL*, ser'-re-al. a. Relating to the tree call- ed cemis. Chaucer. CE'RR US*, ser'-rus. n. s. [Lat.] The bitter oak. F. Thynne. CE'RTAlN§, seV-lln. 208. a. [certus, Lat.] Sure; indubitable. Tillotson. Resolved. Milton. Un- doubting. Dryden. Unfailing. Mead. Constant. Dryden. Regular. Exodus. Some ; as, a certain man told me this. Careiv. CE'RTAIN*, seV-tm. n. s. Quantity ; part. Chaucer. Ob. T. CF/RTAINLY, ser'-tin-le. ad. Indubitably. Locke. Without fail. CE'RTAINNESS, seV-tin-nes. n. s. Certainty. CE'RTAINTY, seV-tin-te. n. s. Exemption from doubt. Locke. Exemption from failure. That which is real. Shakspeare. Regularity. CE'RTES, seV-tez. ad. Certainly. Spenser. [An old word.] CERTIFICATE, ser-tF-e-ket. 91 . n. s. A testimo- ny given in writing. Addison. To CERTIFICATE*, ser-uY-e-ket. v. a. To give a certificate. CERTIFICATION*, ser-te-fe-ka'-sh&n. n. s. An ascertaining of a thing. Cotgrave. CE'RTIFIER*, ser'-le-i'l-ur. n.s. An assurer; an as- certainer. Cotgrave. To CERTIFY, seV-t£-fl. v. a. [certifier, Fr.] To give certain information of. Bacon. CERTIORARI, ser-she-i-ra'-rl. n.s. [Lat.] A writ issuing out of the chancery, to call up the rec- ords of a cause therein depending. Cowel. CF/RTlTUDE,seV-te-tude.rc.s. Certainty. Dn/den. CE RULE*, se'-rule. a. [cceruttus, Lat.] Blue. Dyer. CERU'LEAIN, se-ru'-le-an. Pa. [See European.] CERU'LEOUS, se-ru'-le-us. S Blue. Sir T. Herbert. CERULFFICK, ser-u-llf-lk. a. Having the power to produce a blue colour. CERUMEN, se-ru'-men. [See Bitumen.] n.s. [Lat.] The wax of the ear. CE/RUSEf. se'-ruse. n s. [cerussa, Lat.] White lead. Quincy. A kind of white paint or wash. B. Jonson. #Cr I prefer Dr. Kenrick's, Mr. Perry's, and, a a far as I can guess by their accentuation, Dr. Ash's and Bailey's 180 CHA CHA — no, move, nor, not ;— tube, tftb, bfill ;— oil ;— pflfind ;— th\ pronunciation of this word, who make the first syllable long, to Mr. Sheridan's, Scott's, and Entick's, who make it short. See Principles, 529. W. CE'RUSED*. se'-rAste. o. Washed with the prepa- ration of white lead. Beaumont and Fletcher CERVICAL. seV-ve-kal. a.' [cervkalis. Lat.] Be- longing to the neck. Cheyne. CESA'REAN, se-za'-re-an. o. The Cesarean section is cutting- a child out of the womb, when it cannot otherwise be delivered. This, it is said, first gave the name of Cflesftr to the Roman family. CESPITl'TIOUS*, ses-pe-t?sh'-us. a. [cespes. Lat.] Made of turfs. Gough. CESS &, ses. n. s. [from cense.'] A levy upon the in- habitants of a place, according to their property. Spenser. The act of laying rates, bounds, or limits. Shakspeare. To CESS, ses. r. a. To rate. Spenser. To CESS. sfa. v. n. To omit a legal dutv. CESSATION, ses-si'-shun. n. s. [cessatio, Lat.] A stop ; a rest. Hay-ward: Vacation. Woodward. End of action.^ Arffuihnot. A pause of hostility, without peace. Kino; Charles. CESSAVIT, ses-sa'-vit. n.s. [Lat.] A writ that lies upon this general ground, that the person, against whom it is brought, hath, for two years, omitted to perform such service, as he is obliged by his tenure. Cowel. CESSIBFLITY. ses-se-bfl'-e-te. n.s. The quality of ffivrag wav. Digbu. CE SSI BLE, seV-se-bl. 405. a. Easy to give way. Digbi/. CE'SSION, sesh'-shfin. n. s. [cessic, Lat.] Retreat. Bacon. Resignation; the act of yielding- up. Tem- ple. A manner of vacating an ecclesiastical benefice. CE SSIONARY, seslf-she-6-na-re. a. A cessionary bankrupt is one who has delivered up all his effects. Martin. CE'SSMENT. ses'-ment. n.s. An assessment or tax. Diet. CE SSOR, ses'-sur. 98, 1G6. n.s. He that ceaseth or neglecteth so long to perform a duty, as to in- cur the danger of law. Cowel. A taxer. Sherwood. Spenser. CEST* sest. n. s. [cestus, Lat.] The girdle of a lady. Collins. CE'STUS,sk'-fis n.s. The girdle of Venus. Bp. Taylor. CE'SURE*. se'-shure. n.s. See CssItra. The close of a verse. B. Jonson. CETA'CEOUS, se-ta'-sh&s. 357. a. [ceie, Lat.] Of the whale kind. Brown. CE'TERACH*. n. s. [ceterach, Fr.] A plant; the scale-fern. Coigrave. C FA UT. A note in the scale of musick. Shak. CHACO'ON * tsha-koOn'. n. s. [chacona, Span.] A dance, like a saraband. CHAD, shad. n. s. A sort offish. Carew. To CHAFE §, tshafe. v. a. [echauffer, Fr.] To warm with rubbing. Sidney. To heat by rage or hurry. Shak. To perfume. Suckling. To make angry. Sluiksneare. To CHAFE, tshafe. v. n. To rage. Spenser. To fret against any thing. Shakspeare. CHAFE, tshafe. n.s. A heat; a rage. Camden. CHAFE-WAX, tshafe'-waks. n. s. An officer be- longing to the Lord Chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs. Harris. CHAFER, tshafe'-ur. 98. n.s. [ceapon, Sax.] An insect; a sort of yellow beetle. T. Warton. CHA'FERY, tshafe'-e-re. n. s. A forge in an iron mill. CHAFF$, tshaf. n. s. [ceap, Sax.] The husks of corn. Shak. Any thing worthless. Beaum. and Fl. To CHAFFERS, tshaf -fur. v. n. [kauffen, Germ.] To treat about a bargain. Wicliffe. Dryden. To CHA'FFER, tshaf -fur. v. a. To buy. To ex- change. Spenser. CHA'FFER*, tshaf -fur. n. s. Merchandise. Skelton. CHA'FFERER, tshaf-ffir-ur. n.s. A buyer. CHA'FFERN, tshaf -fern. n. s. A vessel for heating water. CHA'FFERY tshaf -fe-re. n. s. Traftick. Spviser. CHAFFINCH, tshaf -fhish. n.s. A bird, so called because it delights in chaff. Phillips. CHA'FFLESS, tshaf -les. a. Without chaff. Shak CHA'FFWEED, tshaf -weed. n. s. An herb ; the endweed. CHAFFY, tshaf -fe. a. Like chaff. CHA'FINGDISH, tsha'-fing-dlsh. n. s. A portable grate for coals. Bacon. CHAGRIN, sha-green'. n. s. [diagrin, Fr.] Ill hu- mour; vexation. Pope. To CHAGRIN, sha-green'. v. a. To vex; to put out of temper. CHAIN §, tshane. ». s. [chaine, FrJ A series of links fastened one within anodier. Gm. A bond; a manacle. Pope. A series linked together; as, of causes, or thoughts. Hammond. To CHAIN, tshane. v. a. To fasten with a chain. Shak. To. enslave. Prior. To keep by a chain- Knolles. To unite. Shakspeare. CHA INPUMP, tshane'-pump. n. s. A pump used in large English vessels, which is double, so that one rises as the other falls. Raleigh. CH AINSHOT, tshane'-shot. n. s. Two bullets or half bullets, fastened together by a chain. Wise- man. CHA'INWORK, tshane'-wurk. n. s. Work with open spaces like the links of a chain. ] Kings. CHAIRS, tshare. 52. n, s. [chair, Fr.] A movable seat. Pope. A seat of justice, or of authority. Shak. A vehicle borne by men ; a sedan. Pope. A vehicle drawn by one horse. T. Warton. CHAIRMAN, tshare'-man. 88. n.s. The president of an assembly. Watts. One whose trade it is to carry a sedan chair. Dryden. CHAISE, shaze. n. s. [chaise, Fr.] A carriage drawn by one or more horses. Addison. 55° The vulgar, who are unacquainted with the spelling of this word, and ignorant of its French derivation, are apt to suppose it a plural, and call a single carriage a shay ; and the polite seem sometimes at a loss, whether they should not consider it as both singular and plural ; but the best usage seems to have determined it to be, in this respect, regular, and to make the plural chaises. W. CHALCEDONY*, kal'-se-drj-ne. n. s. See Cal- CEUONY. CHALCO'GRAPHER, kal-k&g'-gra-f&r. 353 n. ? [Ya\Koypd(pos.~\ An engraver in brass. CHALCOGRAPHY, kal-kog'-gra-fe. n. s. En- graving_in brass. CHALDE'E*, kal-de/. a. Relating to the language of Chaldea. Bp. Walton. CHA'LDER, tsha'-dur. ) [tshaw'-drun, CHA'LDRON, tsha'-drfin. 417. S- Sheridan ; CHA'UDRON, tsha'-drun. ) tshal'-drun, Perry and Jones."] 7i.s. A dry English measure of coals, consisting of thirty-six bushels heaped up, according to the sealed bushel kept at Guildhall , London. The chaldron should weigh two thou- sand pounds. Chambers. CHA'LICE, tshal'-k 142. n.s. [calix, Lat.] A cup a bowl. Shak. A cup used in acts of worship. Stillin e fleet. CHA'Ll'CED, tshal'-lk. 359. a. Having a ceil or cup : as a flower. Shakspeare. CHALK §, tshawk. 402. n. s. [cealc, Sax.] A white fossil, reckoned a stone, but by some ranked among- the boles. Chambeis. Mortiiner. CHALK for cJieese. An inferiour thing for what is good. Goicer. To CHALK, tshawk. v. a. To rub with chalk. Hu- dibras. To manure with chalk. Mot-timer, To mark out as with chalk. Shakspeare. CHALK-CUTTER, tshawk'-kut-tur. n. sv A raaa that digs chalk. Woodward. CHALK-FIT, tshawk'-plt. n.s. A pit in which ehalk is dug. CHALK-STONE*, tshawk'-stone. n. s. A smalS piece of chalk. Isaiah. CHALKY, tshawk'-ke. a. Consisting cf chalk. Shukspeare. Impregnated with chalk. Bacon. To CHALLENGE $, tshal'-lenje. v. a. [challenger, CHA CHA O" 559.— File, far, fall, fat;— me, mit;— pine, pin;- Fi\] To call another to answer for an offence by combat. Shak. To call to a contest. Dryden. To accuse. [In law.] To object to the impartiality of any one. Hale. To claim as due. Hooker. To call to the performance of conditions. Peacliam. CHA'LLENGE, tshal'-lenje. n. s. A summons to combat. S/iak. A demand of something - as due. Wicliffe. An exception taken against persons ; as, in assize, to the jurors, or any one of them, by the prisoner at the bar. Shakspeare. CHALLENGEABLE* tshal'-lenje-a-bl. a. That •inav be called to account. Sadler. CHALLENGER, tshal'-lgn-jor. n. s. One that de- fies another to combat. Shak. One that claims su- periority. Shak. A claimant. Hooker. CHALY'BEAN* ka-hV-e-an. a. Relating to steel well wrought or tempered. Milton. CHALYBEATE, ka-hV-be-St. 91. a. [chalybs, Lat.] Impregnated with iron or steel. Arbuthnot. . CHA3I*,kam.n. s. [Pers.] The sovereign prince of Tartary ; a lord of the Persian court. Shak. CHAMA'DE, sha-made'. n. s. [Fr.] The beat of the drum which declares a surrender. Addison. CHAMBERS, tshame'-bar. 542. n. s. [chambre, Fr.l An apartment in a house. Shak. Any retired room. Any cavity or hollow. Sliarp. A court of justice. Ayliffe. The lower part of a gun where the charge is lodged. A small piece of ordnance. Camden. The cavity where the powder is lodged in a mine. Ji^p 1 have in this word departed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Kenriek, because I think the best usage has entirely departed from them. About thirty years ago [i. e. about 1770] the first syllable of chamber was universally pro- nounced so as to rhyme with palm, psalm, &c, but since that time it has been gradually Harrowing to the slender sound of a in came, fame, &c, and seems now to be fully established in this sound. This, however, is to be regret- ted, as it militates with the laws of syllabication : there are few words in the language, which we cannot so di- vide into parts as to show by this division the quantity of the vowels; this word forms an exception; for mb be- ing uncombinable consonants, Ave cannot end the first syllable with a ; and if we join ra to it, the a becomes short, and requires another sound. But if two such words as Cam and bridge could not resist the blind force of custom, which has for so many years reduced them to Camcbridge, why should we wonder that chamber and cambrick, Tinmouth and Yarmouth, should yield to the same unrelenting tyrant ? W. CHAMBER of London. The city of London ob- tained the title of Camera Regis some centuries since. Shakspeare. To CHAMBER, tshime'-bur. v. n. To be wanton. Niccols. To CHA'MBER*, tshame'-bfir. v. a. To shut up as in a chamber. Shakspeare. CHAMBER-COUNCIL*, tshame'-bur-koun'-sil. n. s. Private or secret council. Shakspeare. CHA'MBER-COUNSEL*, tshame'-bur-kaiV-sel. 7i. s. A counsellor who delivers his private opin- ion, but does not plead in the court of law. CHAMBER-HANGING*, tshime'-bar-hang'-?ng. n. s. The tapestry or other furniture of a chamber. Shakspeare. ■ CH AMBER-PRACTICE*, tshame'-bur-prak'-tis . The practice of lawyers, who give their advice privately, without appearing in court. Burke. CHA'MBERER, tshame'-bur-fir. n. s. A man of in- trigue. SJiak. A chamberlain. Huloet. Chaucer. CHAMBERFELLOW, tshame'-bur-fel-ld. n. s. One that lies in the same chamber. Spectator. CHA'MBERING*, tshame'-bur-mg. n. s. Intrigue ; wantonness. Romans. CHA'MBERLAIN, tshame'-bfir-lm. 208. n.s. An officer of state. Shak. A servant who has the care of the chambers. Sliak. A receiver of rents and revenues. Romans. CHA MBERLAINSHIP, tshame'-bar-lfn-shlp. n. s. The office of a chamberlain. CHA'MBERMAIDjtsharne'-bfir-made.fi. s. A maid whose business it is to dress a lady, and wait in her chamber R. Jonson. CHA'MBLET* or CHA'MELOT*, kamMet. n. s See Camelot. To CHA'MBLET, kam'-leL v. a. To vary; to vari- egate. CHA'MBREL of a Horse. kam'-bril. n. s. The joint or bending of the upper part of the hinder legs. CHAME'LEON, ka-me / -le-un. n s. [^aiW] An animal which is said to assume the colour of those thing's to which it is applied. Sliakspeare. To CHAME'LEONIZE*. kd-me'-le-u^lze. v. a. To change into many colours. Diet. To CHA'MFER, tsham'-ffir. v. a. To channel ; to make furrows or gutters upon a column. To wrin- kle. Spenser. CHA'MFER, tsham'-f&r. ) n. s. A small furrow CILVMFRET. tsham'-fret. $ on a column. CHA'MLET, kam'-lel. n. s. Stuff made originally of camel's hair. Peacham. CHA'MOIS, sha-moe'. [sham'-e, Perry.} 7i. s. [Fr.] An animal of the goat kind, whose skm is made into soft leather, called amongst us shammy. Deut. j CHAMOMILE, kam'-6-mlle. 353. n. s. See Camo- mile. To CHAMPA, tshamp. v. a. [champayer, Fr.] To bite with a frequent action of the teeth. Bacon. To devour with the teeth. Spectator. To CHAMP, tshamp. v. n. To perform frequently the action of biting. Sidney. CHAMPAGNE*, sham-pane 7 , n. s. [from Cham- pagne in France.] Wine so called. Thomson. CHA MPAIGN §, sham-pane', n. s. [campagne, Fr.] A flat, open country. Spenser. CHA'MPAIGN* ) . a , . 5 a. Open, or flat. CHA'MPAIN*, I sI »m-p4ne'. J Tl f be / viU ^ CHA'MPER* tsham'-pur. ». s. A biter, or nibbler. Spectator. CHA'MPERTORS, sham'-pur-tfirs. n. s. [thorn- parteur, Fr.] Such as move suits, and pursue, at their proper costs, to have part of the gains. Cowel. CHA'MPETRY, sham'-pe-tre. n. s. A maintenance of any man in his suit, upon condition to have part I of the thing when it is recovered. Milton. CHAMPI'GNON, sham-pm'-yfin. i\. s. [Fr.] A kind of mushroom. Dryden. CHA MPION $, tsham'-pe-fin. n. s. [champion, Fr.] A man who undertakes a cause in single combat. Bacon. A hero. Shak. [In law.] Champion is taken for him that trieth the combat in ms own case, as well as him that fighteth in the case of another. Cowel. To CHA'MPION, tsham'-pe-fin. v. a. To challenge to the combat. Shakspeare. CHA'MPIONESS*, tsham'-pe-fin-es. n. s. A female warriour. Fairfax. CHANCE $, tshanse. 78, 79. n. s. [chance, Fr.] For- tune. ShaJc. The act of fortune. Bacon. Accident. Hakewill. Event; success. SJiak. Misfortune ; un- lucky accident. SlwJc. Possibility of any occur- rence. Milton. CHANCE, tshanse. a. Happening by chance. Dryd. CHANCE*, tshanse. ad. By chance. Gray. To CHANCE, tshanse. v. n. To happen. Sliakspeare. CHANCEFUL, tshanse'-ful. a. Hazardous. Spen- ser. Ob. J. CHANCE-MEDLEY, tshanse-med'-le. n.s. [chaud and melle, Fr.l The casual slaughter of a man, not altogether without the fault of the slayer. Cowel. CHA'NCEABLE, tshan'-sa-bl. a. Accidental. Sidn. CHA'NCEL$, tshan'-sel. n.s. \cancelli, Lat.] The eastern part of the church, in which the altar is Dlaced. Hooker. CHA'NCELLOR, tshan'-sel-lfir. n.s. [cancellaritis, Lat.] The highest judge of the law, who has power to moderate and temper the written law, and sub- jected himself only to the law of nature and con- science. Coivel. — Chancellor in the Ecclesiastical Court : a bishop's lawyer, to direct the bishops in matters of judgement. Aijliffe. Chancellor of a catliedral : a dignitary, whose office it is to super- intend lite regular exercise of devotion. Clumcellor of the exchequer : an officer who sits in that court, and in the exchequer chamber, and also manages 182 CHA CHA -116, move, ndr, nit ;— tibe, tflb, bfill ;■— ©fl ;— pdfind ;— thin, THis. the royal revenue. dowel. Chancellor of a wii- versify : the principal magistrate. Chancellor of the order of the garter : an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chanter. Cliamb. CHANCELLORSHIP, ishan'-seM-lar-ship. n. s. The office of chancellor. Camden. CHANCERY, tshan'-sor-e. n. s. The court of equity and conscience. Coivel. CHANCRE y, shang-k;-dr. 416. n. s. [cliancre, Fr.] An ulcer usually arising from venereal maladies. Wiseman. CHANCROUS,shangk'-ros. a. Ulcerous. Wiseman. (HANDELI'ER. shafl-de-leer / .n.s. [Fr.] A branch lor caudles. Slukeley. CHANDLER, tshan'-dlfir. n. s. An artisan who makes and sells candles. Shak. Formerly, a can- dlestick. A corn-chandler, a seller of corn. CHANDLERLY* tshand'-lur-le. a. Like a chan- dler. Milton. CHANDLERY*, tshandMe-re. n.s. The articles sold bv a chandler. CHANDRY*, tshand'-re. n.s. The place where the candles are kept. B. Jonson. CHANFRIN, .shan'-frfn. n. s. The forepart of the head of a horse. Farrier's Dictionary. To CHANGES, tshanje. 74. v. a. [changer, Fr.J To put one thing in the place of another. Bacon. To quit any thing for the sake of another. Sottth. To give and take reciprocally. Bp. Taylor. To alter. Shak. To mend the disposition. Shale. To discount a larger piece of money into several smaller. Sivift. ftCr" This word, with others of the same form, such as range, strange, mange, &c. are, in the West of Eng- land, pronounced with the short sound of a in ran,man, n . s. Work CHE'CK'ER-WORK, tsh§k'-ur-wurk. \ varied al- ternately as to its colours Or materials. 1 Kino-s CHE'CKER*, or CHE'QJJER*, tshek'-ur. n.°s. A chess-board, or draught-board. CHE'CKER*, tshek'-ur. n. s. A reprehender ; a re- buker. Sherwood. CHE'CKLESS*, tshSk'-lSs. a. Uncontrollable; vio- lent. Marsion. CHE'CKMATE, tsh£k'-mate. n. s. [echec ei mat, Fr.] The movement on the chess-board, that kills the opposite men, or when the king is actually made prisoner, and the game finished. Svenser. To CHE'CKMATE*, tshSk'-mate. v. a. To finish, figuratively. Skelton. CHE'CKROLL, tsheV-r6le. n. s. A roll or book, containing the names of such as are attendants on great personages. Bacon. CHEEK §, tsheek. n. s. [ceac, Sax.] The side of the faes below the eye. Shakspeare. Among me- chanicks, all those pieces of their machines that are double, and perfectly alike. Chambers. CHE'EKBONE, tsheek'-b6ne. n. s. The bone of the cheek. Psalm, iii. CHEEK by Jowl*. Closeness ; proximity. Beaumont and Fletclier. CHE'EKTOOTH, tsheek'-t66tfi. n. s. The hinder tooth or tusk. Joel. CHE'EKED*, tsheekt. a. Brought near the cheek. Cotton. To CHEEP*, tsheep. v. n. To pule or chirp, like a young bird. Cotgrave. Ob. T. CHEER, tsheer. n. s. [chere, Fr.] Entertainment. Shakspeare. Invitation to gayety. Shak. Gayety ; jollity. Shakspeure. Air of the countenance. Spen- ser. Acclamation ; shout of triumph or applause. To CHEER, tsheer. v. a. To incite ; to encourage. Knolles. To comfort. Sluxk. To gladden. Pope To CHEER, tsheer. v. n. To grow gay. A. Philips CHE'ERER, tshee'-rur. n. s. Gladdener ; giver ot gayety. Wotton. CHE'ERFUL, tsheer'-ful, or tsher'-ful. a. Gay ; full of life. Having an appearance of gayety. Proverbs. Causing cheerfulness. Phillips. £5" This word, like fearful, has contracted an irregular pronunciation, that seems more expressive of the turn of mind it indicates than the long open e, which lan- guishes on the ear, and is not akin to the smartness and vivacity of the idea. We regret these irregularities, but they are not to be entirely prevented ; and, as they sometimes arise from an effort of the mind to express the idea more forcibly, they should not be too studious- ly avoided ; especially when custom has given them con- siderable currency ; which I take to be the case with the short pronunciation of the present word. Mr. Sheridan and some other orthoepists seem to adopt the latter pronunciation ; and W. Johnston, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, the former ; and as this is agreeable to the or- thography, and, it may be added, to the etymology, (which indicates that state of mind which arises from being full of good cheer,) it ought, unless the other has an evident preference in custom, to be looked upon as the most accurate. 246, 247. W. CHE'ERFULLY, tsheer'-ful-le. ad. Without dejec- tion ; with willingness ; with gayety. Shakspeare. CHE'ERFULNESS, tsheer'-ful-nes. n. s. Freedom from dejection ; alacrity. Freedom from gloomi- ness. Sidney. CHE'ERILY*, tsheer'-e-le. ad. Cheerfully. Beau- mont and Fletclier. CHE'ERISHNESS*, tsheer'-?sh-nes. n. s. State of cheerfulness. Milton. CHE'ERLESS, tsheerMgs. a. Without gayety or gladness. Spenser. CHE'ERLY, tsheer'-le. a. Gay ; cheerful. Roy. CHE'ERLY, tsheer'-le. ad. Cheerfully. Shakspeare. CHE'ERY, tshee'-re. a. Gay ; sprightly. Gay. CHEESE§, tsheeze. n.s. [ce r e, Sax.] A kind of food made by pressing the curd of coagulated milk, and suffering the mass to dry. CHE'ESECAKE, tsheeze'-kake. 247. n. s. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, and butter. CHE'ESEMONGER, tsheeze'-m&ng-gur. n, s. One who deals in cheese. CHE'ESEPARING*, tsheeze'-pa-r?ng. n. s. The rind or paring of cheese. Beaumont and Fletcher. CHE'ESEPRESS, tsheeze'-pr£s. n. s. The press in which curds are pressed.. Gay. CHE'ESEVAT, tsheeze' -vat. n. s. The wooden case in which the curds are confined in pressing. Glan- vilk. CHE'ESY, tshee'-ze. a. Having the nature of cheese. Arbuthnot. CHE'LY, ke'-le. 353. n. s. [cliela, Lat.] The claw of a shell fish. Brown. CHEMISE*, she-meze'. n. s. [Fr.] A shift. [In for- tification.] A wall wherewith a bastion, or ditch, is lined. CHE'MISTRY. See Chymistry. CHE'QUER. See Checker. CHE'QJJER*. n.s. An abbreviation of exchequer A treasury. CHE'QUER-ROLL*. See Checkroll. CHE'QUER-WORK*. See Checker-work. 186 CHE CHI — no, md-ve, nSr, udt; — tube, tub, bull ; — oil ; — pound ; — tJi'm, THis. CHEQUl'N*. SeeCECCHiN. To CKE'RISH §, tsheV-rfsh. v. a. [cherir, Fr.] To encourage, help, and shelter Epnes, CHE RtSHER, tsheV-rish-fir. n.s. An encourager; a supporter. Wuttcni. CI IK RlSHING*, tsheV-rlsh-ing. b.s. Support j en- couragement. Decay of Piety. CHE'RISHINCH A^Vher -rish-lng-le. ad. In an af- fectionate manner. CHE R1SHMENT, tsher'-rish-mSnt. n. s. Encour- agement. Spenser. Ob. J. CHERN*. See Churn. CHKRRYS, tsheV-re. ; n. s. [cerasus, CHERRY-TREE, tsheV-re-tree. \ Lat.] A tree and fruit. Miller. CHE'RRY, tsher'-re. a. Resembling a cherry in col- our. Shakspeare. CHERRY-BAY. tsheV-re-ba. n.s. See Laurel. CHE'RRY-CHEEKED, tsher / -re-tsheekt. a. Having ruddy cheeks. Fansluiwe. CHE'RRYPIT, tsheV-re-pit. n. s. A child's play, in which they throw cherry-stones into a small hole. Shakspeare. CHE RSONESE, ker'-so-nes. 353. n. s. [%cpaoviieos.] A peninsula. Sir T. Herbert. CHERT$, tshert. n.s. A kind of flint. Woodward. CHE'RTY*, tsheV-te. a. Flinty. Pennant. CHE RUBf, tsheV-ub. n.s. [a-o plur. cherubim.] A celestial spirit, which, in the hierarchy, is placed next in order to the seraphim. Exodus. CHERCBICAL*, tshe-ru'-be-kal. ) a. Angelical. CHERU'BICK, tshe-rii'-bik. . S Sheldon. CHERUBIM, tsher'-u-bim. n. s ; The plural of cherub. CHE'RUBlN,tsheV-u-bin. a. Angelical. Shakspeare. CHE'RUBIN*, tsheV-u-bln. n. s. A cherub. Dry- den. To CHE'RUP, tsheV-Up. v. n. To chirp ; to use a cheerful voice. Spenser. CHE'RYIL,tsheV-vfl. n.s. [ceppille, Sax.] Anum- belliierous plant. Miller. CHESIBLE*, tsheV-e-bl. n. s. [casuble, old Fr.] A short vestment without sleeves, which a Popish priest wears at mass. Bale. CHE'SLIP, tsheV-lip. n. s. A small vermin, that lies ^ under stones or tiles. Skinner. CHESS S, tshes. n. s. A nice and abstruse game, in which two sets of puppets are moved in opposition to each other. Denham. CHE'SS-APPLE, tshes' -ap-pl. n.s. A species of wild service. CHE SS-BOARD, tshes'-bord. n. s. The board on which the game of chess is played. Prior. CHESS-MAN, tshes'-man. 88. n. s. A puppet for chess. Locke. CHE'SS-PLAY'ER, tsheV-pla-ur. n. s. A gamester at chess. Drvden. CHE'SSOM, tshes'-sum. 166. n. s. Mellow earth. Baco?i. CHESTS, tshest. n. e. [kest, Celt.] A box in which things are laid up. Shakspeare. A chest of draw- ers. A case with movable boxes or drawers. The trunk of the body, or cavity from the shoul- ders to the bellv. Brown. To CHEST, tshest. v. a. To reposil in a chest. To glace in a coffin. Tei'ry. E3T-FOUNDERING, tshest'-f6un-dur-ing. n. s. Resembling a pleurisy. Farrier's Diet. CHE'STED, tshest' -ed. a. Having a chest. CHE'STNUT, tsheV-nul. ) n. s. [cJias- \ ( 'HE STNUT-TREE, tshes'-nut-tre. $ taigne, Fr.] [Sometimes written, chesnut. T.] A tree and fruit. Miller. The name of a brown colour. ShaJc- speore. CHE STON. tsheV-ttm. n.s. A species of plum. CHE'VACHIE*, tshev'4-tshe. n. s. [Fr.] An expe- dition with cavalry. Chaucer. Ob. T. CHE'VAGE* SeeCHiEFAGE. CHE VALP ER, shev-a-leer'. 352. n.s. [Fr.] A knight ; a gallant, strong man. Shakspeare. CHE VA UXde Frise. shev-6-de-freeze'. 352. n. s. A piece of timber traversed with wooden spikes, used in defending a passage, or making a retrenchment to stop the cavalrv. CHE'VEN, Ishev'-Vn. 103. n.s. [chevesne, Fr.] A river fish ; the chub, e})he : s French Grammar. CHFROGRAPHS^M-ri-graf. n. s. [ x dp and ypd- (pw.] A deed, requiring a counterpart, engrossed twice upon the same piece of parchment, and cut through the middle; a fine : a phrase still preserved in the common pleas. CHIRO'GRAPHER, kl-r6g'-gra-f fir. n. s. The offi- cer in the common pleas who engrosses fines. Bacon. CHIRO'GRAPHIST, kl-rog'-gra-flst. n.s. One that tells fortunes, by examining the hand. Ar- buthnot. CHIRO'GRAPHY kl-r6g'-gra-fe. 518. n.s. The art of writing. CHIRO'LOGY* kl-r6l'-6-je. n. s. [ X c\ ? and Aoyd?.] Talking bv the hand. Dalgarno. CHFROMANCER, kV-6-man-sfir. n. s. One that foretells future events by inspecting the hand. Dry den. CHFROMANCY, kir'-ro-man-se. 353, 519. n.s [ X ctp an( 4 pavTis.] The art of foretelling by inspect ing the hand. Brown. To CHIRPS, tsherp. v.n. To make a cheerful noise, as birds, when they call without singing. Sidney. To CHIRP, tsherp. v.a. To make cheerful. John CHIRP, tsherp. n. s. The voice of birds or insects Spectator. CHPRPER, tsher'-pur. 89. n. s. One that chirps. CHFRPING*, tsherp'-ing. n. s. The gentle noise of birds. To CHIRRE, tsher. v.n. [ceopian, Sax.] To coo a? a pigeon. Junius. CHIRURGEONS, kl-rfir'-je-Qn. 353. n. s. [ X clpovp- yo$.] One that cures ailments by outward applica- tions and operations. It is now generally written surgean. South. CHIRURGERY, ki-rfir'-je-re. n. s. The art of cur- ing by external applications. Surgery. Sidney. CH1RURGICAL, kl-rfir'-je-kal. } a. Belonging to CHIRU'RGICK, kl-rfir'-jlk. 353. <, surgery" Mor- timer. Relating to the manual part of healing. Warton. Manual in general. Wilkins. CHFSELS,tsluV-zil. 102,99. n.s. [ciseau, .Fr.] An instrument with which wood or stone is parect. Shakspeare. To CHFSEL, tshlz'-zil. 102. v. a. To cut with a chisel. Hawes. CHITS, tshlt. n. s. [chico, Span.] A child; a baby. Tatler. The shoot of corn from the end of tne grain. Mortimer. A freckle. To CHIT, tsbit. v. n. To sprout. Mortimer. CHFTCHAT, tshit'-tshat. n.s. Prattle; idle talk. Sjjectator. TbCHFTTER*, tslnY-tfir. v.n. [citteren, Dutch.] To shiver. Huloet. CHFTTERLINGS, tshlt'-tfir-llngz. 555. n.s. [schyt- erlingh, Dutch.] The bowels. Gaijton. CHFTTERLING*, tshltMfir-llng. n. s. The frill to the breast of a shirt. Gascoigne. CHFTTY, tshit'-te. a. Childish ; like a Daby. Full of chits or warts. Huloet. CHIVALROUS, tsluV-al-rus. a. [chevaleureux, Fr.] Relating to chivalry ; warlike ; adventurous. Spen- ser. CHIVALRY S, tshlv'-al-re. [tshiv'-al-re, Jones; shiv'-al-re, Kenrick, Sheridan, Perry, and Web- ster.] n.s. [chevalerie, Fr.] Knighthood; a military dignity. Bacon. The qualifications of a kniglit'j as valour. Shak. The general system of knight- hood. D?ijden. An adventure. Sidney. The body, or order, of knights. Shak. [In law.] A tenure of land bv knights' service. Ccnvel. CHFVES, tshJvz. 7t..s. [cive, Fr.] The threads or fila- ments rising in flowers. Ray. A species of smali onion. CHLOROSIS, kl6-r plate. Pope. A character in general. Rakish. A secret or occult manner of writing, or the key to it. Hakewill. A species of juggling. Sjxiistr. To CITHER, sl'-f&r. v. n. To practise arithmetiek. Arbuthnot. To CITHER, sl'-f&r. u.a.To write in occult charac ters. Hayward. To designate ; to characterize Shakspeare. CIRC*, serk. n. s. [circus, Lat.] An amphitheatrical circle for sports. Warton. CIRCE'NSIAL*, ser-seV-shal. \a. Relating to the CIRCE NSIAN*. se>-seV-shan. ) exhibitions in the amphitheatres of Rome. Kennet. To CI'RCINATES, seV-se-nate. v. a. [ci'rono, Lat.] To make a circle. Bailey. CIRCINA'TION, ser-se-ha'-sh&n. n.s. An orbicular motion. Bailey. CIRCLES, ser'-kl. 103, 405. n. s. [circulus, Lat.] A line continued till it ends where it began, having all its parts equidistant from a common centre. Locke. The space included in a circular line. A round body; an orb. Isaiali. Compass; enclosure. Shak. An assembly surrounding the principal person. Pope. A company. Addison. Any series ending as it begins, and perpetually repeated. Bacon. An inconclusive form of argument, in which the foregoing proposition is proved by the following, and the following is inferred from the foregoing. Glamille. Circumlocution. Fldcher. Circles of the German empire. Such provinces as have a right to be present at diets. Trevoux. To CI'RCLE, ser'-kl. v. a. To move round any thing. Bacon. To enclose; to surround. Shak. To CIRCLE in. To confine. Digby. To CI'RCLE, ser'-kl. v. n. To move circularlv. Phillips. CIRCLED, seV-kld. 359. a. Round. Shakspeare. CIRCLER*, seV-kler. n.s. A mean poet- a circu- lar poet. B. Jonson. CFRCLET, ser'-kllt. n. s. A little circle. Shakspeare. CIRCLING, ser'-kllng. pad. a. Circular; round. Milion. CLRCLY*, s&rk'-le. a. In the form of a circle. Ha- loet. CIRCUITS, seV-kit. 341, 108. n. s. [cirmitus, Lat.] The act of moving round. Watts. The space en- closed in a circle. Milton. Space ; extent ; meas- ured bv travelling round. Hooker. A ring; a dia- dem. Sliak. The visitations of the judges for hold- ing assizes. Davies. The tract of country visited bv the judges. Bp. of Chichester. Circumlocu- tion. Donne. CI'RCUIT of Action. A longer course of proceeding, to recover {he thing sued for, than is needful. Cowel. To CI'RCUIT*, ser'-ldt. r. n. To move circularlv. Phillips. To CI'RCUIT, seV-kit. v. a. To move round. Warton. CIRCUTTE'ER, ser-kit-teer'. n. s. [formerly written circuiter] One that travels a circuit. Wliitlock. CIRCUTTION, ser-ku-ish'-fin. n. s. The act of going- round anything. Pearson. Compass; maze of ar- gument. Hooker. CIRCUITOUS*, ser-ku'-e-tus. a. Round about. Burke. CIRCU'lTOUSLY* ser-ku'-e-t&s-le. ad. In a circu itous manner. CI'RCULABLE*, seV-ku-la-bl. a. That which may be circulated. CI'RCULAR, ser'-ko-l&r. 88, 418. a. Round, like a circle. Spenser. Successive in order. Sanrlys. Vulgar; mean; eircumforaneous. Dennis. End- ing in itself, used of a paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves the first, and is proved by it. Baker. Perfect ; complete. Massinger.- Cir- cular letter. A letter directed to several persons on some common affair. Circular lines. The lines of sines, tangents, and secants, on the plain scale and sector. ''Circular sailing, is that performed on the arch of a great circle. CIRCULARITY, ser-ku-lar'-e-te. n. s. A circular form. Br oxen. 193 cm cm O" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel;— pine, pin ;- CIRCULARLY, se^ki'i-lor-le. ad. In form of a circle. Burnet. With a circular motion. Dryden. CIRCULARY* seV-ku-la-re. a. Ending- in itself. Hooker. To CIRCULATE, ser'-ku-late. 91. v. n. To move in a circle. Denham. To be dispersed. Addison. To CIRCULATE, ser'-ku-late. * a. To travel round. Bp. H. Croft. To put about. Swift. CIRCULATION, ser-ku-la'-shun. n.s. Motion in a circle. Burnet. A series in which the same order is always observed, and things always return to the same state. K. Charles. A reciprocal interchange of meaning. Hooker. Currency of a substitute lor money. Burke. CIRCULATO'RIOUS* ser-ku-la-uV-re-uf.n.s.One that travels in a circuit; one that shows tricks from house to house. Barrow. CIRCULATORY, ser'-ku-la-tfir-e. 512. n.s. A chvmical vessel. CI'RCULATORY, seV-ku-la-tur-e. a. Circular. CIRCULATORY* seV-ku-la-tur-e. a. The same as circulatorious, in its low sense. Warton. CIRCUMAMBIENCY, ser-kum-am'-be-en-se. n. s The act of encompassing. Brown. CIRCUMAMBIENT $ ? seY-kum-am'-be-ent. a. [cir cum and ambio, Lat.] Surrounding. Howell. To CIRCUMAMBULATE, ser-kum-am'-bu-late 91. v. n. [circum and ambulo, Lat.] To walk round about. CIRC UMCELLIO'NES*, seY-kum-s^l-le-o'-nez. n. s. A set of illiterate peasants, who adhered to the party of the Donatists, in the fourteenth century. To CIRCUMCISES, ser'-kum-slze. v. a. [circum- cido, Lat.] To cut the prepuce or foreskin, accord- ing to the law given to the Jews. St. Luke. CIRCUMCISER* ser'-kum-si-z&r. n. s. He who circumcises. Milton.. CIRCUMCISION, ser-kum-sfzh'-un. n. s. The rite of cutting off the foreskin. Milton. CIRCUMCURSA'TION*, ser-kum-kur-za'-shfin. n. s. [circum and cursor, Lat.] The act of running up and down. Barrow. To CIRCUMDUCT §, ser-kum-dfikt'. v. a. [circum- duco, Lat.] To contravene ; to nullify. Ayliffe. CIRCUMDU'CTION, ser-kfim-duk'-shun. n. s. Nul- lification. Ayliffe. A leading about. Hooker. CIRCUMFERENCE fr, ser-kftm'-fe-rense. n. s. [cir- cumferenlia, Lat.] The periphery. Milton. The space enclosed in a circle. Milton. The external part of an orbicular body. Newton. An orb; a circle. Milton. To CIRCUMFERENCE, ser-kvW-fe-rense. v. a. To include in a circular space. Brovm. CIRCUMFERENTIAL*, sfr-kum-fe-ren'-shal. a. Circular. Barroiu. CIRCUMFERE'NTOR, ser-k&m-fe-ren'-tur. 166. n. s. An instrument used in surveying, for measur- ing angles, by the magnetick needle. Clwinbers. To CIRCUMFLECT*, sey-kfim-flekt. v. a. [cir- cumflecto, Lat.] To place the circumflex on words. CIRCUMFLEX, ser / -kum-fle ! ks. n. s. An accent used to regulate the pronunciation of syllables, including or participating the acute and grave. Holder. $jT All our prosodists tell us, that the circumflex accent is a composition of the grave and the acute ; or that it is a raising and falling of the voice upon the same syl- lable. If they are desired to exemplify this by actual pronunciation, we find they cannot do it, and only pay us with words. This accent, therefore, in the ancient as well as modem languages, with respect to sound, has no specifick utility. The French, who make use of this circumflex in writing, appear, in the usual pronuncia- tion of it, to mean nothing more than long quantity. — See Baryton. — If the inspector would wish to see a rational account of this accent, as well as of the grave and acute, let him consult a work lately published by the author of this [Walker'sl Dictionary, called A Rhetorical Grammar, the third edition ; or, A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek and Latin Proper Names. W. CIRCU'MFLUENCE, ser-kflm'-flu-ense. n. enclosure of waters. An CIRCU'MFLUENT§, ser-kum'-flu-ent. a. [circum fhums, Lat.] Flowing round any thing;. Pope. CIRCUMFLUOUS, ser-kum'-fiu-us. a. Environing with waters. Milton. CIRCUMFORA'NEAN*, ser-kum-f6-ra'-ne-an. a. Travelling about. Burton. CIRCUMFORANEOUS, ser-knm-fo-ra'-ne-fis. 314 a. [circuvifwaneas , Lat.] Wandering from house to house. Addison. To CIRCUMFU'SES, ser-kum-fuze'. v. a. [circum fusvs, Lat.] To pour round. Bacon. CIRCUMFUSILE, ser-kum-iW-su. 427. a. That which may be poured round. Pope. CIRCUMFUSION, ser-kum-fiV-zhun. n.s. Spread ing round. Swift. CIRCUMGEST ATION*, ser-kum-jes-uV-shun. n.s. Carrying about. Bp. Taylor. To ClRCU'MGYRATE §, ser-kum'-je-rate. v. a. [circum and gyrus, Lat.] To roll round. More. CIRCUMGYRATION, ser-k&nvje-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of running round. Sir T. Herbert. To CIRCUMGY'RE* ser-k&m-jhV. v. n. To roll about. Sir T. Herbert.. CIRCUMFTION, ser-kftm-lsh'-un. n. s. [circumeo, Lat.] The act of gome: round. Diet. CIRCUMJACENT, sef-kum-ju/-sent. a. [circum- jacens, Lat.] Lying around any thing. Drum- mond. CIRCUMLIGATION, ser-kum-le-ga'-shun. n. s. [circumligo, Lat.] The act of binding round. The bond encompassing. CIRCUMLOCUTION, se>-kfim-l6-kiV-shun. n. s. [circumlocutio, Lat.] A circuit or compass of words ; periphrasis. Dryden. The use of indirect expres- sions. Bale. CIRCUMLOCUTORY* sSr-kum-l&k'-u-to-re. a. Periphrastical. Arbuthnot. CIRCUMMU'RED, ser-kum-murd'. 359. a. [circum and murus, Lat.] Walled round. Shakspeare. CIRCUMNAVIGABLE, ser-kum-nav'-e-ga-bl. a. That which may be sailed round. Ray. To CIRCUMNAVIGATE, ser-kfim-nav'-e-gate. v. a. [circum and navigo, Lat.] To sail round. Sir T. Herbert. CIRCUMNAVIGATION, ser-kum-nav-e-g-V-shtm. n. s. Sailing round. Arbuthnot. CIRCUMNAVIGATOR, ser-kfim-nav-e-ga'-tur. n. s. One that sails round. Guthrie. CIRCUMPLIC ATION, ser-k&m-ple-ka'-shun. n. s. [circwnplico, Lat.] Enwrapping on every side. The state of being enwrapped. CIRCUMPO'LAR, ser-kum-p6'-lar. 418. a. Round the pole : said of stars near the north pole, which move round it. CIRCUMPOSFTION, ser-kum-prWsh'-fin. // s. Placing any thing circularly. Evely7i. CIRCUMRASION, ser-kum-ra'-zhun. n.s. [cxreum- rasio, Lat.] Shaving or paring round. CIRCUMROTA'TION, sSr-kflm-ro-ia'-slum. n. s. [circum and roto, Lat.] The act of whirling round; circumvolution. Gregory. The state of being whirled round. CIRCUMRO'TATORY*, ser-kum-r6'-ta-t6-re. a Whirling round. Shenstone. To CIRCUMSCRFBE§, ser-kum-skrlbe 7 . v. a. [cir- cum and scriho, Lp4.] To enclose in certain boun- daries. To bound ; to limit. Shak. To write around. Ashmok. CIRCUMSCRIPTIBLE* ser-k&m-skrlp'-te-bl. a. That which may be limited or contained within bounds. Bullokar. CIRCUMSCRIPTION, ser-kum-skrfp'-shun. n. s. Determination of particular form. Ray. Limita- tion. Shakspeare. A circular inscription. Ash- mole. CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE, ser-kum-skrfp'-uV. a. En- closing the superficies. Grew. CIRCUMSCRIPTIVELY*, s^r-kftm-skrlp'-tiv-le. ad. In a limited manner. Mountasu. CIRCUMSPE'CT$, ser'-k&m-spSkt. a. [ciram- spectus, Lat.] Cautious ; attentive to every thing. Shakspeare. 194 CIS CIV 116, move, n6r, ndt 5— tube, tub, bull ;— dil ;— pound ;—th\n, this. To CIRCUMSPECT*, seV-kum-spekt. v. a. To ex- amine carefully. Neuxowi. CIRCUMSPE'CTION, ser-kom-spek'-shon. n. s. Watchfulness on every side. Clarendon. CIRCUMSPECTIVE; ser-kum-spek'-tlv. a. Atten- tive ; cautious. Pope. CIRCUMSPE'CTIVELY, ser-kum-spek'-t'iv-le. ad. Cautiouslv. CIRCUMSPECTLY, seV-kflm-spekt-le. ad. Vig- ilantlv. Ray. CI'RCUMSPECTNESS, seV-kum-spekt-nCs. n. s. Caution. CIRCUMSTANCE §,seV-kum-stanse. n. s. [circum- stantia. Lat.] Something appendant or relative to a fact. Bacon. The adjuncts of a fact. Shak. Ac- cident 3 something - adventitious. Davies. Inci dent ; event. Clarendon. Condition ; state of af- fairs. Bacon. Circumlocution. Barret. To CIRCUMSTANCE, ser'-kfim-stanse. r. a. To place in a particular situation. Donne. CIRCUMSTANT, seV-kum-slant. a. Surrounding-. Digby. CIRC UMST ANTI ABLE*, ser-kfim-stan'-she-a-bl. a. Capable of being circumstantiated. Bp. Taijlor. CIRCUMSTANTIAL, ser-kfim-stan'-shal. a. Acci- dental; not essential. Slutk. Incidental; happen- ing by chance. Donne. Full of small events ; par- ticular. Prior. CIRCU3ISTANTLVLITY, ser-kdm-stan-she-al'-e- te. n.s. The appendage of circumstances. CIRCUMSTANTIALLY, ser-kum-stan'-shal-le.atf. According to circumstances. Glanville. Minutely. Broome. To CIRCUMSTANTIATE, seV-kfim-suV-she-ate. 91. r. a. To place in particular circumstances. Bp. Bramhall. To place in a condition with regard to wealth. Swift. ClRCUMTERRA'NEOUS*.ser-kum-ter-ra / -ne-us. a. [dream and terra, Lat.] Round the earth. Hal- lywell. To CIRCUMVA'LLATES, ser-kum-val'-late. 91. r. a. [circumvallo, Lat.] To enclose round with for- tifications. CIRCUMVALLATION, ser-kum-val-Ia'-shun. n.s. The art of casting up fortifications round a place. The fortifications themselves. Howell. CIRCUMVENTION, ser-kum-vek'-shun. n.s. [cir- cumveclio, Lat.] The act of carrying round. The state of being- carried round. To CIRCUMVENTS ser-kftm-vent'. w. a. [circum- venin. Lat.] To deceive ; to cheat. Knolles. CIRCU3IVENTION,ser-kum-ven / -sh5n.«. 5 .Fraud; imposture. South. Prevention. Shakspeare. CIRCUMVENTIVE*, ser-kum-veV-tlv. a. Delu- ding ; cheating. To CIRCUMVENT $, ser-kum-vest;. v. a. [circum- vestio, Lat.] To cover round with a garment. Wotton. CIRCUMVOLUTION, ser-kum-vo-la'-shun. n. s. [circumrolo, Lat.] The act of flying round. CIRCUMVOLUTION, ser-kum-vcT-liV-shun. n. s. The act of rolling round. More. The state of be- ing rolled round. Arbuthnot. The thing rolled round another. Wilkins. [ToCIRCUMVO'LVES, ser-kum-v6lv'. v. a. [cir- rumvolvo, Lat.] to roll round. Sir T. Herbert. CIRC US, seV-kfis. ? 415. n. s. [circus, Lat.] An open CIRQUE, setk. 337. ) space or area for sports, with seats round for the spectators. Sidney. CIS.VLPINE* sis-al'-pln. a. [cis and. Alpes, Lat.] On this side the Alps. CISSO'lD*, sis-sSId'. n. s. A curve of the second or- CFSSOR*. See Cizar and Scissor. CIST'S, slst. n.s. [cista, Lat.] A case; a tegument; the enclosure of a tumour. An excavation. Ar- ch'vohoia. CFSTED, sV-ted. a. Enclosed in a cist. CISTERCIAN*, s?s-uV-sb6n. n.s. [Cislevx, in Bur- gundy.] A monk of the Cistercian order; a re- formed Benedictine. Gray. CISTERN, sis'-turn. 98. n. s. [cisterna, Lat.] A re- ceptacle of water for domestick uses. South. A res- ervoir. Blackmore. Any receptacle of water Shakspeare. CIST US, sis'-lfts. n. s. [Lat.] A plant. The rock rose. CIT, sit. n.s. A pert, low citizen. Johnson. . CITADEL, sit'-a-del. n.s. [citadelle, Fr.] A fortress \ Sidney. iCITAL, sl'-tal. n. s. Reproof; impeachment. Shak ■ Summons; citation. Quotation. i CITATION, sl-ta'-shfin. n. s. The calling a person I before a judge. Ayliffe. Quotation. The passage f or words quoted. Atterbury. Enumeration ; men- tion. Harvei/. I CFTATORY", sl'-la-t6-re. 512. a. Having the power I or form of citation. Ayliffe. To CITES, site. v. a. [cito, Lat.] To summon to an I swer in a court. Shak. To call upon another au thoritatively. SJiak. To quote. Hooker. CITER, si'-tfir. n. s. One who cites into a court. One who quotes. Atterbury. CITE'SS, slt-teV. n. s. A city woman. Dryden. CITHERN, sith'-um. 98. n.s. [cithara, Lat.] A kind of harp. 1 Mace. CITICISM* su'-e-sizm. n.s. The behaviour of a citizen. B. Jonson. CITIED*, slt'-ld. a. Belonging to a citv. Drayton. CITIZEN, slt'-e-zn. 103. n. s. [civis, Lat.] A free- man of a city. Raleigh. A townsman ; not a gen- tleman. ShaJcspeare. An inhabitant. Dryden. CITIZEN, slt'-c-zn.a. Having the qualities of a citi- zen. ShaJcspeare. CITIZENSHIP*, slt'-e-zn-ship. n. s. The freedom of a city. Bp. Home. CITRLNATION*, s?t-re-na'-shun. n. s. Turning to a yellow colour. Fr. Thyme. CITRINE, slt'-rin. 140. a. Of a dark yellow. Grew. CITRINE, sfr-rln. 140. n.s. A species of crystal very plentiful in the West Indies. Hill. CITRON f, slt'-trun. 415. n. s. A large kind of lemon ; the citron tree. One sort, with a pointed fruit, is in great esteem. CITRON-TREE, sh'-trun-tre. n. s. [citrus, Lat.] A tree, the fruit of which is in great esteem. Miller. CITRON- WATER, sfr'-trun-wa'-lur. n.s. Aqua vitae, distilled with the rind of citrons. Pope. CITRUL, slt'-trul. n. s. The pompion, so named from its yellow colour. CITYS, sftMe. n. s. [cite, Fr.] A large collection of houses and inhabitants. Temple. A town corporate, that hath a bishop and a cathedral church. Cowel. The inhabitants of a city. ShaJcspeare. CITY, slt'-te. a. Relating to the city. Shak. Re- sembling the manners 01 citizens. Shakspeare. CIVET, sfv'-ft. 99. n. s. [civette, Fr.] A perfume from the civet cat. Bacon. CI VICAL*. siv'-e-kal. a. Belonging to civil honours. Sir T. Brown. CIWICK, sfv'-fk. a. Relating to civil honours. Pope. CIVIL S, slv'-U. a. [civilis, Lat.] Relating to the community. Hooker. Relating to any man as a member of a community. Bp. Taylor. Not in anarchy; not wild. Roscommon. Not foreign ; in- testine; as, a rit77 war. Bacon. Not ecclesiastical; as, the civil courts. Art. of Relig. Not natural ; as, civil death. Blackstone. Not military ; as, the civil magistrate. Not criminal ; as, a civil process. Blackstone. Civilized; not barbarous. Spenser. Con> plaisant; well bred. Shak. Grave; sober. Beau- mont and Fletcher. Relating to the ancient con- sular or imperial government ; as, civil law. Shak. CIVILIAN, se-vil'-yan. 113. n.s. One that pro- fesses the knowledge of the old Roman law, and of general equity. Bacon. A student in civil law at the university. Graves. CIVILISATION, srv-e-le-za'-shun. n.s. A law which renders a criminal process civil. Harris. The act of civilizing. WaHon. The state of being civilized. CFVILIST* s?v'-il-?st. n.s. A civilian. Warburton. CrvTLITY, se-vlK-e-te. 511. n.s. Freedom from barbarity. Spenser. Politeness. Shak. Rule of de- CLA CLA |LT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin; cency. Dryden. Partaking of the nature of a civilized state. Bp. Hall. To Cl'VILIZE, slv'-H-lze. v. a. To reclaim from savageness. Waller. CFVIL1ZER, sfv'-fl-ll-zur. n.s. He that reclaims from a savage life. Phillips. CFVILLY, sfvMl-le. ad. In a manner relating to government. Not criminally. Politely; complai- santly. Di-yden. Without gay or gaudy colours. Bacon. CFZAR §*, sfz'-zfir. See Scissor. To CFZAR*, sfc'-zfir. v. a. To clip with a pair of scissors. Beaumont and Fletcher. C1ZE, size. n. s. The quantity of any thing with re- gard to its external form. Grew. CLACK §, klak. n. s. [clac, claqud, old Fr.] A last- ing and importunate noise. Hudibras. — Tlve clack of a mill. A bell that rings when more corn is re- quired to be put in ; or, that which strikes the hop- per, and promotes the running of the corn. Betterton. To CLACK, klak. v. n. To make a chinking noise. To let the tongue run. CLACK-DISH*, klak'-dlsh. it. s. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover, which they clack. Shale. CLA'CKER*, klak'-ur. n. s. The clack of a mill. Blount. CLICKING*, Making, n. s. Prating. Bp. Hall. CLAD, klad. part.pret. Clothed. Sidney. To CLAIMS klame. 202. v. a. [clamer, Fr.] To de- mand of right. Locke. To call ; to name. Spenser. CLAIM, klame. n. s. A demand of any thing as due. Slmk. A title to any privilege or possession. Locke. [In law.] A demand of any thing that is in the possession of another. Cowel. A call. Spen- ser. CLAIMABLE, kla'-ma-bl. a. That which may be demanded as due. Cotgrave. CLAIMANT, kla'-mant. n. s. He that demands any thing detained by another. Blackstone. CLA'IMER, kla'-m&r. 98. n. s. He that makes a de- mand. Temple. CLAIR-OBSCURE. See Clare-obscure. 7'oCLAM§, klam. v. a. [clsemian, Sax.] To clog with any glutinous matter. V Estrange. To CLAM*, klam. v.n. To be moist. Dryden. To CLAM*, klam. v. n. A term in ringing, to unite certain sounds in the peal. School of Recreation. CLA'MANT*, kla'-mant. a. [clamo, Lat.] Crying ; beseeching earnestly. Thoinson. To CLA'MBER, klam'-b&r. v. n. [from climb] To climb with difficulty. Sliakspeare. CLAMMINESS, klam'-me-nes. n. s. Viscosity; vis- ciditv. Moxon. CLA'MMY, klam'-me. a. [klam, Dutch.] Viscous; glutinous. Bacon. CLAMOROUS, klam'-mur-us. 555. a. [clamoreux, Fr.] Vociferous; noisy. Hooker. CLA'MOROUSLY*, klam'-mfir-us-le.od. In a noisy manner. Broum. CLA'MOUR^klam'-m&r. 418. n Outcry; noise. Shakspeare. To CLA'MOUR, klam'-mur. v.n. To make outcries ; to vociferate. Shakspeare. To CLA'MOUR* klam'-mur. v. a. To stun with noise. Bacon. To CLA'MOUR Bells*. To increase the strokes of the clapper on the bell, in falling it. Warburton. CLA'MOURER* klam'-mur-fir. n. s. He who makes an outcry or clamour. Abp. Hort. CLAMP §,klamp. n.s. [clamp, Fr.] A piece of wood joined to another, as an addition of strength. A quantity of bricks. Mortimer. To CLAMP, klamp. v. a. A mode of strengthening the ends of tables, &c. Moxon. CLAN §, klan. n. s. [clann, Irish.] A family ; a race. Milton. CLA'NCULAR §, klang'-ku-l&r. 88. a. [clancularius, Lat.l Clandestine; secret. Decay of Piety. CLA'NCULARLY^klang'-ku-lar-le. ad. Closely 3 privalelv. Hales. CLANDE'STINE§, klan-des'-tin. 140. a. [clandes- tin, old Fr.] Secret ; hidden. Bhckmore. [clamor, Lat.] CLANDESTINELY, klan-deV-tm-le. ad. Secretiv. Swift. CLANDE;STINENESS*.klan-dey-t!n-nes. n.s. An act of privacy. CLANDESTFNITY*,klan-des-uV-e-te. n.s. Priva- cy, or secrecy. CLANGS, klang. n.s. [clangor, Lat.] A sharp, shrill noise. Milton. To CLANG, klang. v. n. To clatter; to make a loud, shrill noise. Shakspeare. To CLANG, klang. v. a. To strike together with a noise. Prior. CLA'NGOUR, klang'-gur. 314. n. s. A loud, shrill sound. CLA'NGOUS, klang'-gus. a. Making a clang. Broum. CLANK, klangk. n.s. A loud, shrill noise. Spectator. CLA'NSHIP*, klan' -ship. n. s. Association of per- sons or families. Pennant. To CLAPS, klap. v. a. [clappan, Sax.] To strike to- gether with a quick motion, so as to make a noise. Shakspeare. To add one thing to another. Carew. To do any thing with a sudden, hasty motion. Shak. To praise by clapping the hands. To infect with a venereal poison. Wiseman. To CLAP Hands. To plight mutual troth. Shak. To CLAP up. To complete suddenly, without much precaution. Shakspeare. To CLAP up. To Imprison. Sandys. To CLAP, klap. v. n. To move nimbly with a noise. Dryden. Originally, to knock. Cluiucer. To en- ter upon with alacrity. Sluxk. To strike the hands together in applause. Slwkspeare. CLAP, klap. n. s. A loud noise made by sudden col- lision. Swift. A sudden act or motion. Swift. An explosion of thunder. Hakewill. An act of ap- plause. Addison. A sudden misfortune. Bryskett. A venereal infection, [from clapoir, Fr.] Pope. The nether part of the beak of a hawk. CLAP-DISH*, klap'-dish. n. s. A wooden bowl or dish, formerly carried by beggars. Massinger. CLA'PPER, klap'-pur. 98. n. s. [chpup, Sax.] One who claps with his hands. The tongue of a bell. Sltak. — The clapper of a mill. A piece of wood shaking the hopper. The cover of the cup called the clap-dish. Heniryson. CLATPER*, klap'-p&r. n.s. [clapier, old Fr.] Places for rabbits to burrow in. Chaucer. To CLA'PPERCLAW, klap'-p&r-klaw. v. a. To scold. Shakspeare. CLARE*, klare. n. s. A nun of the order of St. Clare. CLA'RENCEUX, or CLA'RENCIEUX, klai^-en- shu. n. s. The second king at arms : so named from the dutchy of Clarence. CLARE-OBSCURE, klare-ob-skure'. n. s. [claws and obscurus, Lat.] Light and shade in painting. Prior. CLA'RET, klar'-et. n. s. [clairet, Fr.] A French wine of a clear pale-red colour. Boyle. CLARICHORD, klar'-e-k6rd. n.s. [clanis and chorda, Lat.] A musical instrument in form of a spmette, but more ancient. Skelton. CLARIFICATION, klar-e-fe-ka;-shfin. n. s. Mak- ing any thing clear from impurities. Bacon. To CLA'RIFY §, klar'-e-fl. 511. v. a. [clanfier, Fr.] To purify or clear any liquor. Bacon. To brighten ; to illuminate. Fuller. To CLA'RIFY, klar'-e-fl. v.n. To clear up, to grow bright. Bacon. CLA'RINET*, klar'-e-net. n. s. [clarinette, Fr.] A kind of hautboy, but of a shriller tone. CLA'RION, klare'-yun. 113, 534. n. s. [claron, -Id Fr.] A trumpet. Spenser. CLATtFTUDE*. klar'-e-tade. n. s. Splendour. Beaumont. Ob. T. CLA'RITY, klar'-e-te. 511. n. s. Brightness; splen- dour. Sir W. Raleigh. CLA'RY, kla'-re. n. s. An herb. Bacon. To CLA'RY*. kla'-re. v.n. To make a loud or shrill noise. A. Golding. To CLASH S, klash. v.n. [klaisclien, Germ.] To 196 CLA CLE -no, move, nfir, n&t ; — tube, tub, bill ; — oil } — pofind }— • th'm, THis. make a noise by mutual collision. Denham. To act with opposite power, or contrary direction. Bacon. To contradict. L' Estrange. To CLASH, klash. v. a. To strike one thing against another, so as to produce a noise. Dryden. CLASH, klash. n. s. A noisy collision of two bodies. Beaumont and Fletcher, exposition 3 contradiction. Denham. CLASHING* klish'-ing. n. s. Opposition ; enmity. Hoicell. CLASPS, klasp. n. s. [clespe, Dutch.] A hook to hold any thing close. Addison. An embrace, in con- tempt. Sluikspeare. To CLASP, klasp. v. a. To shut with a clasp. Hooker. To catch and hold by twining. Milton. To enclose between the hands. Bacon. To em- brace. ShaJcspeure. To enclose. Shakspeare. CLA'SPER, klas'-pur. n. s. The tendrils or threads of creeping plants. Ray CLA'SPKNILE, klasp'-nlfe. n. s. A knife which folds into the handle. CLASSY, Has. n. s. [classis, Lat.] A rank or order «f persons. Dryden. An assembly of persons, with- in a certain division. Bp. Bancroft. A number of boys learning the same lesson at the school. Watts. A set of beings or things. Addison. To CLASS, klas. r. a. To range according to some stated method of distribution. Arbuthnot. CLASSICAL, klas'-se-kal. )a. [classicus, Lat.] Re- CLA'SSICK, klas'-s!k. ) lating to antique au- thors. Addison. Of the first order or rank. Fell. Relating to the order and rules of the Presbyterian assemblies. Milton. CLA'SSICALLY* klas'-se-kal-le. ad. In a classical manner. CLA'SSICK, klas'-slk. n. s. An author of the first rank : usually taken for ancient authors. Pope. CLASSIFICATION*, klaV-se-fe-ka'-shun. n. s. Ranging into classes. Burke. To CLA'SSIFY*, klas'-se-fl. v. a. To arrange. CLA'SSIS, klas'-sfe. n. s. [Lat.] Order} sort 3 body. Clarendon. A convention or assembly of persons. .Milton. To CLATTER S, klat'-tur.u. n. [klatteren, Teut.] To make a noise by knocking two sonorous bodies fre- quently together. Dryden. To utter a noise by being struck together. Knolles. To talk fast and idly. Spenser. To CLATTER, klat'-t&r. v. a. To strike any thing so as to make it sound and rattle. Milton. To dis- pute, jar, or clamour. CLATTER, klat'-tur. n. s. A rattling noise made by the frequent collision of sonorous bodies. Swift. Tumultuous and confused noise. Sliakspeare. CLATTERER*, klat'-t&r-ur. n. s. He who makes any noise. Bale. One who will disclose any light secret. Huloet. CLATTERING*, klat'-tur-lng. n. s. A noise ; rattle. CLA'UDENT, klaw'-dent. a. [claudens, Lat.] Shut- ting ; enclosing. Diet. CLATJDICANT*, klaw'-de-kant. a. Limping ; halt- ing. To CL ABDICATES, klaw'-de-kate. v. n. [claudi- co, Lat.l To halt. Diet. CLAUDICATION, klaw-de-ka'-shun. n. s. Lame- ness. Colgrave. CLAUSE, klawze. n. s. [clause, old Fr.] A sentence. Hooker. An article or particular stipulation. Hooker. CLA'USTRAL, klaws'-tral. a. [claustrum, LatJ Re- lating to a cloister, or religious house. Ayliffe. CLA'USURE, klaw'-zhure. 452. n. s. {chmsura, LatJ Confinement. Geddes. CLA'VATED, klav'-a-ted. a. [clavatus, Lat.] Set with knobs. Woodward. CLAVE, klave. The preterit of cleave. CLA'VELLATED, kiav'-el-la-teU a. Made with burnt tartar. Cliambers. CLA'VER, kla'-v&r. n. s. [claepeji, Sax.] Clover. Sandys. CLAVICHORD*, klaV-e-kdrd. n. s. The same with | clariclwrd. CLAVICLE, klav'-e-kl. 405. n. s. [clavicula, Lat.] The collar bone. Brown. CLAW$, klaw. n.s. [clap, Sax.] The foot of a beast or bird, armed with sharp nails } or the pincers or holders of a shell-fish. Spenser. To CLAW, klaw. v. a. To tear with claws. Sludc To pull, as with the nails. South. To tear or scratch. Hudibras. To flatter. Wilson. — To claw off, or away. To scold. Bp. Nicolson. CLA'WBACK, klaw'-bak. n.s. A flatterer. War- ner. CLA'WBACK*, klaw'-bak. a. Flattering. Bp. Hall CLA'WED, klawd. 359. a. Furnished with claws. Grew. CLAYS, kli. n. s. [clai, Welsh.] Unctuous and te- nacious earth, such as will mould into a certain form. Hill. Earth in general. Donne. Dirt, or moistened earth. St. John. To CLAY, kla. v. a. To cover with clay. Motiimer. CLAY-COLD, kla'-k6ld. a. Lifeless} cold as the un- animated earth. Rowe. CLAY-GROUND*, kla'-gr6und. n. s. Ground abounding with clay. 1 Kings. CLAY-PIT, kla' -pit. n. s. A pit where clay is dug. Woodward. -, CLA YES, klaze. n. s. [claye, Fr.] [In fortification.] Wattles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgements. CLAYEY, kla'-e. a. Consisting of clay. Derham. CLA'YISH, kla/-?sh. a. Of the nature of clay. Har- vey. CLA'YMARL, kla 7 -marl. n. s. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay. Mortimer. CLA'YMORE*. kla'-more. n. s. See Glaymore. A two-handed sword. CLA'YSTONE*, kla'-st6ne. 11. s. A blue and white limestone dug in Gloucestershire. Grose. CLEANS, klene. 227. a. [glan, Goth.] Free from dirt or filth. Spenser. Free from moral impurity. Acts. Elegant ; neat. Bacon. Not foul with any loathsome disease. Leviticus. Dexterous } not bungling. Entire. Leviticus. CLEAN, klene. ad. Quite ; perfectly. Hooker. With- out miscarriage. Henley. CLEAN-TIMBERED*, klene'-t?m-bfird. a. [clean and timber.] Well proportioned. Sliakspeare. To CLEAN, klene. v. a. To free from filth. Thomson, CLE'ANLILY, klen'-le-le. 234. ad. In a cleanly manner. CLEANLINESS, kleV-le-n£s. n. s. Freedom from filth. Addison. Neatness of dress. Sidney. CLE'ANLY, klen'-le. 234. a. Free from dirtiness Dryden. That which makes cleanliness. Prior. Pure ; innocent. Glanrille. Nice ; artful. Spensei: CLE'ANLY, klene'-le. 227. ad. Elegantly} neatly. Shakspeare. Purely. Hakewill. Dexterously. Shak. CLE'ANNESS, klene'-nSs. n. s. Neatness. Easy exactness. Sidney. Puritv ; innocence. Bale. CLE'ANSABLE*, klenz'-a-bl. a. That which may be cleansed. Slierwood. To CLEANSES, klenz. 515. v. a. To free from filth. Prior. To purify from guilt. Proverbs. To free from noxious humours by purgation. Arbidhnoi. To free from leprosy. St. Mark, i. To scour ; to rid of all offensive things. Addison. CLE'ANSER, klen'-zur. 98. n. s. A detergent. Ar- bidhnot. That which cleanses any thing. Gaylon.. CLE'ANSING*, klen'-z?ng. n.s. Purification. South. CLEARS, klere. 227. a. [clarus, Lat.] Bright} tran- spicuous. Denham. Perspicacious ; sharp. Milton. Cheerful. Milton. Free from clouds ; serene. Amos. Without mixture} pure. Wicliffe. Per- spicuous ; not obscure. Temple. Indisputable. Milton. Apparent} manifest. Hooker. Quick to understand. Milton. Unspotted. Shakspeare. Un- prepossessed ; impartial. Sidney. Free from im- puted guilt. Gay. Free from deductions. Collier. Unencumbered. Shakspeare. Out of debt. Unen- tangled. Shakspeare. Sounding distinctly, plainly. Addison. Fiee} guiltless. Dryden. Intelligible. CLEAR, klere. ad. Plainly. Milton. Clean } quite L'Estrange. 197 CLE CLI O* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat j— me, met ;— pine, pin ; CLEAR, klere. n.s. A term used by builders for the inside of a house j the space within from wall to wall. To CLEAR, Were. v. a. To make bright. Milton To free from obscurity. Burnet. To vindicate Sir John Hayward. To cleanse. Shakspeare. To remove any encumbrance. Wilkins. To free from any thing offensive. Dryden. To clarify. To gain without deduction. Addison. — To clear a ship, is to satisfy the demands at the custom-house. To CLEAR, klere. v.n. To grow bright. Sliakspeare. To be disengaged from encumbrances. Bacon. CLE'ARAGE*, klere'-ldje. n. s. Removing any thing. CLE'ARANCE, kle'-ranse. n. s. A certificate that a ship has been cleared at the custom-house. CLE'ARER, klere'-ur. n. s. Brightener ; purifier. Addison, CLE'ARING* klere'-lng. n. s. Justification 5 de- fence. 2 Cor. CLE'ARLY, klere'-le. ad. Brightly. Hooka: Plain- ly ; evidently. Rogers. WiU« discernment. B. Jon- son. Without entanglement. Bacon. Without sinis- ter views. TiUotson. Without deduction. With- out reserve. Davies. CLF/ARNESS, klere'-nSs. n. s. Transparency. Ba- con. Splendour 5 lustre. Sidney. Distincuiess. Addison. Sincerity. Bacon. Freedom from im- putation. Sliakspeare. CLE/ARSHINING*, klere'-shl-nlng. a. Shining brightly. Shaks]ieare. CLEARSFGHTED, klere-sl'-teU a. Perspicacious ; discerning. Beaumont and FletcJier. CLEARSIGHTEDNESS*, klere-slte'-ed-nes. n.s. Discernment. Bp. Barlow. To CLE'ARSTARCH. klere'-startsh. «. a. To stiff- en with starch. Addison. CLE' ARST ARCHER*, klere' -startsh-ur. n.s. The person whose business is to clearstarch. Tatler. To CLEAVE 6, kleve. 227. v. n. preL I clave, [cleo- pan, Sax.] To adhere ; to hold to. Bacon. To unite aptly. Shah. To unite in concord. Hooker. To be concomitant to. Hooker. To CLEAVES, kleve. v. a. pret. I clove, 1 clave, I cleft; part. pass, cloven, or cleft. To divide with violence. Milton. To divide naturally. Deuier. To CLEAVE, kleve. v. n. To part asunder. SliaJc. To suffer division. Newton. CLE' AVER, kle'-vfir. 98. n. s. A butcher's instru- ment to cut animals into joints. A^buthnot. A weed, called also clivers. CLEDGE*, kl£dje. n. s. Among miners, the upper part of the stratum of fuller's earth. Clwmbers. CLEES, kleze. n. s. The two parts of the foot of beasts which are cloven-footed. CLEF, kllfl n. s. [Fr.J A character, in musick, at the beginning of the lines of a song, which shows the tone or key in which the piece is to begin. $5" It is the common fault of professions, liberal as well as mechanical, to vitiate their technical terms. Thus, even without the plea of brevity, clef is changed by musicians into cliff. TV. CLEFT, klift, part. pass. Divided ; parted asunder. Milton. CLEFT, kleft. n. s. A space made by the separation of parts. Isaiah. A disease in horses on the bought of the pasterns. Farrier's Diet. To CLE'FTGRAFT, kleft'-graft. v. a. To engraft. Mortimer. CLEG*, kleg. n. s. [cleg, Danish.] The horse-fly. To CLEM y*, klem. v. a. [klemnten, Germ.] To starve. B. Jonson. To CLEM*, klem. v.n. To starve. B. Jonson. CLE'lMENCY, klem'-men-se. n. s. Mercy. Acts. Mildness; softness. Dryden. CLE'MENTy,klem'-ment. a. [clemens, Lat.] Mild; gentle; merciful. Sliakspeare. CLEMENTINE*, klem'-en-tine. a. Relating to the compilations made by St. Clement, or the consti- tutions of Clement the Fifth. CLE'MENTLY*, klem'-ent-le. ad. In a merciful manner. Bp. Taylor. CLENCH. See Clinch. ToCLEPEy, klepe. v. a. [clypian, Sax.] To call Sliakspeare. Ob. J. To CLEPE* klepe. v. n. To call. Sackville. CLEPSYDRA*, klep'-se-dra. n.s. [Lat.] A kind of clock among the ancients, which .told the hours by the fall of a certain quantity of water ; a chymi- cal vessel. CLE'RGICAL*, kler'-je-kal. a. Relating to the cler • gy. Milton. CLE'RGYy, kler'-je. n. s. [clerge, Fr.] The body of men set apart by due ordination for the service of God. Hooker. CLERGYABLE*, kleV-je-a-bl. a. The term appli- ed to felonies within benefit of clergy. Blackstone. CLERGYMAN, kler'-je-miin. 88. n. s. A man in holy orders. Shakspeare. CLE RICAL, kler'-e-kal. a. Relating to the clergy Bp. Hall. CLE'RICK*, kler'-lk. n.s. A clergyman. Bp. Hors- ley. CLE'RICK*, kler'-ik. a. Relating to the character of a clergvman. CLERKS, klark. 100. n.s. [clericus, Lat.] A clergy- man. Ayliffe. A scholar. Sidney. A man em- ployed under another as a writer. Shakspeare. A petty writer in publick offices ; an officer of various kinds. Glanviue. Arbidhnot. The layman who reads the responses in the church, to direct the rest. Wheatley. CLERK-ALE*, klark'-ale. n. s. The feast of the narish clerk. Warton. CLE'RKLDXE*, klark'-llke. a. Accomplished as a learned person. Sliakspeare. CLE'RKLY*. klark'-le. a. Clever ; scholar-like. Abp. Cranmer. CLE'RKLY*, klark'-le. ad. In an ingenious or learn- ed manner. Gascoigne. CLE'RKSHIP, klark'-shlp. n. s. Scholarship. Hales. The office of a clerk. Sir H. WoUon. CLEVE, 1 in composition, at the beginning or end CLIF, > of the proper name of a place, denotes CLIVE, ) it to be situated on the side of a rock or hill ; as,' Cleveland, Clifton. Stancliff. CLE'VERy, klev'-ur. 98. a. Dexterous; skilful. U Estrange. Just ; fit. Pope. Well-shaped. Ar- bidhnot. A low word, applied to any thing a man likes, without a settled meaning. CLE'VERLY, klev'-fir-le, ad. Dexterously. Hudibr. CLE'VERNESS, klev'-ur-nes. n.s. Dexterity ; skill. ?. [clype, Sax.] Thread wound Spenser. A guide; a direction. To cleio tlie sails, is to raise Han-is. To direct. CLEWy, klu. n upon a bottom Holder. To CLEW, klu. them, in order to be furled Beaumont and Fletcher. To CLICK y, klJk. v. n. [cliken, Dutch.] To make a sharp, small, successive noise. Gay. To CLICK*, kllk. v. a. To catch or snatch hastily. CLICK*, kllk. n. s. The latch of a door. CLFCKER, kllk'-ur. n. s. The servant of a sales- man, who stands at the door to invite customers. CLFCKET, klik'-et. n. s. [cliqnet, old Fr.] The ring, knocker, or hammer of a door. Cotgrave. For- merly, a kev. Chaucer. CLI'ENT6,kll'-ent. n. s. [client, Fr.] One who ap- plies to an advocate for counsel. Bacon. A de- pendant. B. Jonson. CLIE'NTAL*, kll-en'-tal. a. Dependant. Burke. CLFENTED, kll'-en-ted. part. a. Supplied with cli- ents. Carew. CLFENTELE, kll-en-tele'. n. s. The condition or office of a client. Bp. Hall. CLFENTSHIP, kll'-em-shlp. n. s. The condition of a client. CLIFF §, klif. n.s. [clivus, Lat.] A steep rock. Ba- con. The name of a character in musick ; proper- ly clef. Sir J. Hawkins. CLITFY*, kllf-fe. a. Broken ; craggv. Harmar. CLIFT, kllft. n. s. Sometimes used lor cliff or cleft. CLFFTED*, klift'-ed. a. Broken. Congreve. CLFFTY*, kllf'-te. a. The same as effly. Pennant. CLLMA'CTERy,kll-mak'-tur. 122. n.s. [«Xiua*r/jp.] 198 N CLO CLO — n a. [.cAiVw.l Those that keep CLFNICK, klln'-lk. \ their beds-A clinical lec- ture is a discourse upon a disease, made by the bed of the patient. CLFNICK*, klln'-lk. n. s. One on his death-bed. Abp. Sancroft. To CLINK *, kllngk. 405. v. a. [klimken, Teut.] To strike so as to make a small, sharp noise. Cliaucer. To CLINK, kllngk. v. n. To utter a small, sharp noise. Prior. CLINK, kllngk. 405. n.s. A sharp, successive noise. Shakspeare. A key-hole. Spenser. CLI'NQUANT, k\hgk'-iat. a. [Fr.] Dressed in embroidery or tinsel finery. Shakspeare. To CLIP*, kiip. v. a. [clippan, Sax.] To embrace ; to hug. Sidney. To cut with shears. Sidney. To diminish coin by paring the edges. Locke. To cur- tail ; to cut. Harmar. To confine ; to hold. Shak. To CLIP, klip. v. n. A phrase in falconry. Dryden. CLIP*, klip. n. s. An embrace. Sidney. CLFPPER, kllp'-pur. n. s. One that debases coin by cutting. Shakspeare. A barber. Hulod. CLFPPING, kllp'-phig. n. s. A part cut off. Locke. To CLISH-CLASH*, kllsh'-klash. v. n. To sound like the clashing of swords. Mirror for Magistrates. CLFVER. See Cleaver. CLOAK *, kl6ke. n. s. [lach, Sax.] The garment with which the rest are covered. Shakspeare. A concealment : a cover, 1 Peter. To CLOAK, kloke. v. a. To cover with a cloak. Tft hide. Speiiser. CLO' AK BAG, kloke'-bag. n. s. A portmanteau, Sluikspeare. CLO'AKEDLY, kl6ke'-ed-le. ad. In a concealed manner. CLO'CHARD*. n.s. [c/oc/ie, Fr.] A belfry. Weavr. CLOCK*, kldk. n. s. [clocc, Welsh.] The instrument which tells the hour by a stroke upon the bell. Ba- con. It is an usual expression to say, What is it of the clock 1 for What hour is it ? or ten o'clock, for the tenth hour. Shakspeare. — The clock of a stocking : the flowers or inverted work about the ankle. Swift. An insect ; a sort of beetle. The sound which the hen makes in calling her chickens. To CLOCK **, kl&k. v. a. [cloccan, Sax.] To call, as the hen calls her chickens. Ld. Northampton. See To Cluck. To CLOCK*, klok. v. n. To make a noise hke the hen. Tlie Silkewormes. CLO'CK-MAKER, klok'-ma-kur. n. s. He whose frofession is to make clocks. Derlwm. O'CK-SETTER* kl&k'-set-tfir. n.s. One who regulates the clock. Shakspeare. CLO'CK-WORK, klok'-wurk. n. s. Movements like those of a clock. Prior. CLOD *, kl&d. n.s. [club, Sax.] A lump of earth or clay. Bacon. A turf; the ground. Swift Any thing concreted together. Carew. A lump of metal, Milton. Any thing vile, base, and earthy. Spenser. A dull, gross fellow. Dryden. To CLOD, klod. v. n. To gather into concretions, Milton. To CLOD, klod. v. a. To pelt with clods. CLO'DDY, kl6d'-de. a. Consisting of earth or clods j mean; gross. Shak. Full of clods unbroken. Mortimer. CLO'DHOPPER*, klod'-h6p-pur. See Clodpoll. CLO'DPATE, klod'-pate. n.s. A stupid fellow, CLO'DPATED. klod'-pa-ted. a. Stupid; dull. Arhc CLO'DPOLL, kldd'-pole. n. s. A thickskull; a dolt. SJuxkspeare. CLOFFt, kl&f. n, s. The same with dough. To CLOG*, kl&g. v. a. [clog, Welsh.] To load with, or encumber. Slvxk. Toliinder ; to obstruc. Ra- leigh. To burthen ; to embarrass. Dryden. To CLOG, kl6g. r. n. To coalesce ; to adhere. Eve- lyn. To be encumbered. Sharp. CLOG, klog. n.s. A load; a weight. Shak. An en- cumbrance. Hooker. A kind of additional shoe worn by women to keep them from wet. A wood en shoe. Harvey. CLOGGINESS, kl&g'-ge-nes. n. s. The state of be ing clogged. CLO'GGING* kl6g'-glng. n.s. An obstruction More. CLO'GGY, kl6g'-ge. 283. a. That has the powe? of clogging up. Boyle. CLO'ISTER*,kl61s'-tur. n.s. [claustrum, Lat.] A religious retirement; a monastery; a nunnery. Daiies. A peristyle ; a piazza. To CLO'ISTER, kl61s'-tur. v. a. To shut up in a religious house ; to confine. Shakspeare. CLO'ISTERAL, kl61s'-tur-al. 88. a. Solitary. Donne. CLO'ISTERED, kl6is'-turd. part. a. Inhabiting cloisters. Sliak. Built with peristyles or piazzas Wotton. CLO'ISTERER*, kl&ls'-tur-fir. n. s. One belonging to the cloister. Bp. Bramhall. CLO'ISTERESS, kl6is'-tres. n. s. A nun. Sliak. CLOKE. See Cloak. CLOMB, kl6m. Pret. of To climb. CLONG* kl&ng. The old part, of To cling. To CLOOM, kl66m. v. a. [claemian, Sax.] To close with glutinous matter. Mortimer. To CLOSE*, kloze. 437. v. a. [clausus, Lat.] To shut. Milton. To conclude. Dryden. To enclose. Shak. To join ; to unite fractures. Shak. To CLOSE, kloze. v.n. To coalesce. Numb.-— To close upon. To agree upon. To close with. To close in vrith. To come to an agreement vsth ShoJc. To close with. To grapple with in wrestling. J 99 CLO CLO (D 3 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat;— me, mh ;— pine, pin ;- CLOSE, kloze. n. s. Anything shut. Bacon. The man- ner of shutting. Chapman. The time of shutting up. Dryden. A grapple in wrestling. Bacon. Pause ; cessation. Milton. A conclusion or end. Mi/ton. CLOSE, kl6se. n. s. A small field enclosed. Sha/c. •CLOSE, klose. 437, 499. a. Shut fast. Wilkins. Having no vent. Dryden. Confined; stagnant. Bacon. Compact; solid. Burnet. Viscous ; not volatile. Wilkins. Concise ; brief. Dryden. Join- ed without any distance or space between. B. Jon- son. Approaching nearly. Shak. Narrow. Dry- den. Undiscovered. Shak. Hidden ; secret. Spen- ser. Trusty. Sha/c. Cloudy; sly. Sltak. With- out wandering ; attentive. Locke. Full to the point ; home. Dryden. Retired. Chron. Applied to the "Weather : dark, cloudy, not clear. CLOSE, klose. ad. Has the same meanings with closely. CLOSE-BANDED, klose'-band-id. a. In close or- der. Milton. CLOSE-BODIED, klose-bod'-ld. 99. a. Made to fit the body exactly. Ayliffe. CLOSE-COMPACTED*, kldseMcum-pakt'-eU a. In close order. Addison. CLOSE-COUCHED*, kl6se / -k6utsht. a. Concealed. Milton. CLOSE-CURTAINED* klose'-k&r-tlnd. a. Encir- cled with curtains. Milton. CLOSE-FISTED*, klose'-ffst-gd. a. Penurious. Bp. Berkeley. CLOSE-HANDED, klose-han'-decl. a. Covetous. Hale. CLOSE-HANDEDNESS*, klAse'-hand'-gd-n&. n.s. Penuriousness. Archd. Holyday. CLOSE-PENT, klose'-pent. a. Shut close. Dryden. CLOSE-TONGUED*, klose'-tungd. a. Cautious in speaking. Sliakspeare. CLO'SELY, kl6se'-le. ad. Without inlet or outlet. Boyle. Without much space intervening ; nearly. Sliakspeare. Attentively. Pope. Secretly ; slily. Spenser. Without deviation. Dryden. Tightly; as, the garment fitted closely. CLO'SENESS, klc-se'-nes. n. s. The state of being shut. Bacon. Narrowness. Want of air, or ven- tilation. Swift. Compactness. Bacon. Recluse- ness. Sliakspeare. Secrecy ; privacy. Bacon. Cov- elousness. Addison. Connexion. South. CLO'SER, klo'-zur. n. s. A finisher ; a concluder. CLC^SESTOOL. klose'-stddl. n. s. A chamber im- olement. Garth. CLO'SET, kl6z'-it. 99. n. s. A small room of privacy. Spenser. A private repository of curiosities. Dry- den. To CLO'SET, kloz'-lt. v. a. To shut up in a closet. Herbert,. To take into a closet for a secret inter- view. Swift. CLO'SET-SIN*, kloz'-ft-sfn. n. s. Wickedness com- mitted secretly. Bp. Hall. CLOSH, kl&sh. n. s. A distemper in the feet of cat- tle ; the founder. Diet. CLOSING*, klo'-zing. n. s. Period ; conclusion. CLOSURE, klo'-zhure. 452. n. s. The act of shut- ting up. Boijle. That by which any thing is closed. Wallis. Enclosure. Sliakspeare. Conclusion ; end. Sliakspeare. CLOT§, klot. n.s. [klotle, Dutch.] Concretion; coag- ulation ; grume. Bacon. A dull, heavy man. B. Jonson. To CLOT, klot. v. a. To form clots, or clods. To concrete ; to coagulate. Hudibras. To become gross. CLO'TBIRD*, kl&t'-b&rd. n. s. The common oenan- the. CLOTH §,kl6tfi. 467. n.s. plural cloths, k\&hs, or cu>tlies, kloze. [clac?, Sax.] Any thing woven for dress. Drayton. The piece of linen spread upon a table. Pope. The canvass on which pictures are delineated. Dryden.. Any texture put to a partic- ular use. Sir J. Hayward. Dress ; raiment. Quarles. A texture of wool. In the plural : dress ; habit. [In this sense, always clotlies, kl6ze.] Spen- ser. The covering of a bed. Prior. To CLOTHE, kl6THe. 467. v. a. pret. I clothed, or clad ; particip. clothed, or clad. To invest with garments. Addison. To adorn with dress. Ray. To invest, as with clothes. Job. To furnish with clothes. Proverbs. To CLOTHE, kloxHe. v. n. To wear clothes. Shak. CLO'THIER, kloTHe'-yer. 113. n. s. A maker or seller of cloth. Sliakspeare. I CLO'THING, klbTHe^ng. 410. n. s. Dress; vesture. I Fairfax. j CLO'THSHEARER, klo^-sheer-fir. n. s. One who trims the cloth, and levels the nap. Hakewill. I CLO'THWORKER*, kl6W-wnrk-Gr. „. s . A ma ker of cloth. Scott. CLO'TPOLL, kl6t'- P 6le. n. s. Thickskull ; block- head. Sliakspeare. Head, in scorn. Sliakspeare. To CLO'TTER, kl&t'-tur. v. n. To concrete ; to coagulate. Dryden. CLO'TTY, kl&t'-te. a. Full of clots. Hai-vey. CLOUD §, klSud. n. s. [derivation not known.] The dark collection of vapours in the air. Sliakspeare. The veins, marks, or stains in stones, or other bodies. Any state of obscurity or darkness. Milton. A crowd ; a multitude. Aiierbury. To CLOUD, kloud. v. a. To darken with clouds. To make of sullen appearance. Milton. To obscure. Decay of Piety. To variegate with dark veins. Pope. To sullv ; to defame. Sliakspeare. To CLOUD, kldud. v. n. To grow cloudv. Shak. CLO'UDBERRY, kldfid'-ber-re. n. s. A plant, the knotberry. Miller. CLO UDASCENDING*, kloud'-as-send'-Lg. a. Mounting to the clouds. Sandys. CLO UDBORN*, ktfud'-bdrn. a. Born of a cloud. Dryden. CLO UDCAPT, kloud'-kapt. a. Topped with clouds. Sliakspeare. CLO'UDCOMPELLING, kloud'-kom-pel-liug. 410. a. An epithet of Jupiter, by whom clouds were supposed to be collected. Waller. Simply, col- lecting clouds. Thomson. CLO'UDCOVERED*, kldud'-kuv-erd. a. Wrapt in clouds. Young. CLO'UDECLIPSED*, kl6ud'-e-klipst. a. Eclipsed by a cloud. Sliakspeare. CLO'UDDISPELLING*, kloud'-dis-pelMng. a. Having power to disperse. Dryden. CLO'UDKISSING*. kldudMds-sing. a. Touching, as it were, the clouds. Sliakspeare. CLO'UDTOPT*, kiaud'-topt. a. Having the top covered with clouds. Gray. CLO'UDTOUCHING*, kloud'-t&tsh-mg. a. Ascend- ing, as it were, to the clouds. Sandys. CLOUDILY, klo&d'-de-le. ad. With clouds. Ob- scurely. Spenser. CLOUDINESS, klSud'-de-nes. n. s. Being- covered with clouds ; darkness. Sliakspeare. Want ol brightness. Boyle. CLOTJDLESS, klSud'-les. a. Without clouds; clear. Peek. CLOUDY, kloud'-de. a. Covered with clouds. Ex- odus. Dark ; obscure. Watts. Gloomy of look. Spe?iser. Marked with spots or veins. Not bright. Boyle. CLOUGH, kldu. 313. n. s. [elou$h, Sax.] The cleft of a bill ; a cliff. Verstegan. CLOUGH, kl6f. n. s. An allowance of two pounds in every hundred weight for the turn of the scale, that the commodity may hold out weight w hen sold by retail. CLOUT §, klout. n.s. [clufc, Sax.] A cloth for any mean use. Spenser. A patch on a shoe or coat. Wicliffe. Anciently, the mark of white cloth at which archers shot. Sliakspeare. An iron plate to keep an axle-tree from wearing. A blow. To CLOUT, kldut. v. a. To patch. Bale. To cover with a cloth. Spenser. To join coarsely together. Harmar. To CLOUT*, kl6&t. v. a. To beat; to strike. Beau- mont and Fletcher. CLOTJTED, klStV-ted. part. a. Congealed; coagu- lated. Used for clotted. Draijion. 200 CLU COA -116, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tfib, bull 3— 611 ;— pound ;—th'm, Tui CLOUTERLY, klou'-tflr-le. a. [Mode, Tent.] Clum- sy; awkward. Mortimer. CLO VE . kl6ve. The preterit of cleave. CLOVES, kldve. n.s. [dupe, Sax.] A valuable spice, brought from the East Indies. Brown. The parts into which garlick separates, when the outer skin is torn off. Tate. CLOVE-GILLYFLOWER, kl6ve-jll'-le-fldur. n. s. A flower. Miller. CLO'VEN, kl6'-vn. 103. part. pret. from cleave. CLOVEN-FOOT*, kl^-vn-fSt. a. Relating to a foot divided into two parts. Spenser. CLOVEN-FOOTED, kli'-vn-fut-ed. ) a. Having the CLOVEN-HOOFED, kl6'-vn-h6oft. \ foot divided into two parts. Brown. CLO'VERS. kkV-vfir. } n. s. CLOVER-FLOWER*, klo'-var-fl6u-fir. Hehepep, CLOVER-GRASS, kkV-vur-gras. ) Sax.] A species of trefoil. Shakspeare. — To live in clover, is to live luxuriously. Ogle. CLO'VERED, kkV-v&rd. 359. a. Covered with clo- ver. Thomson.. CLOWNS, kldfin. n. s. [lopn, Sax.] A rustick. Sid- nei). A coarse, ill-bred man. Spectator. A princi- pal character in pantomimes. To CLOWN* klofin. v. n. To affect the behaviour of a clown. B. Jonson. CLOWNAGE* kldun'-aje. n. s. The behaviour of a clown. B. Jonson. CLO'WNERY, kl&fin'-fir-re. n. s. Ill-breeding. Chapman. CLOWNISH, kldfin'-ish. a. Consisting of rusticks or clowns. Dryden. Coarse ; rough. Spenser. Ill- mannered. Sliak. Clumsv ; ungainly. Wottcn. CLO'WNISHLY,kldun'-'isn-le. ad. Coarselv. CLOWNISHNESS, kldun'-fsh-nes. n. s. Rusticity. Dryden. Incivility. Fanshawe. CLOWN'S MUSTARD, kMnz-imV-tfird. n. s. An herb. To CLOYS, kl6e. r. a. [encloicer, Fr.l To satiate; to fill to loathing. Sidney. To claw the beak, an ac- customed action with hawks and eagles. Shak. To nail up guns, by a spike in the touch-hole. CLOYLESS, kl6c'-les. a. That of which too much canuot be had. Shakspeare. CLOYMENT, kl6e'-ment. n. s. Satiety. Shak. _ CLUBS, klub. n. s. [clwppa, Welsh.] A heavy stick. Spenser. The name of one of the suits of cards. Pope. The dividend of a tavern reckoning. L Estrange. An association of persons subjected tc particular rules. Swift. Concurrence ; joint charge. Hudihras. An old term for a booby. To CLUB, klub. v. n. To contribute to a common expense in settled proportions. Bp. Nicolson. To join to one effect. Dryden. To CLUB, klub. v. a. To pay to a common reckon- ing. Pope. CLUBBED*, klub'-bed. a. Heavy, like a club. Chaucer. CLU'BBER*. See Clubbist. CLU'BBISH* klub'-blsh: a. Rustick. Mirror for Magistrates. CLU'BBIST*, khW-blst. n. s. He who belongs to a particular association. Burke. CLU'BFIST*, klfib'-flst. n. s. A large fist. Mirror for Magistrates. CLU'BFISTED*, klub'-flst-ed. a. Having a large fist. Howell. CLUBFOOTED*, klfib'-fut-ed. a. Short, or crook- ed in the foot. Cotgrave. CLUBHE'ADED, klfib'-hed-ed. a. Having a thick head. Derham. CLUBLA'W, klfib'-law. n. s. Regulation by force. Addison. CLUBMAN*, klub'-man. n. s. One who carries a club. CLUBROOM, klfib'-roorn. n. s. The room in which a club assembles. Addi ;on. To CLUCKS, klok. v. n. [cbecian, Welsh.] To call chickens, as a hen. Shakspeare. To CLUCK*, kl&k. v. a. To call, as a hen calls chick- ens. Shakspeare. % CLUE*. The same as clew. CLUMP, klurnp. n. s. [klump, Germ.] A shapeles* piece •'f wood, or other matter. A cluster oftrees. Shenslune. To CLU'MPER* klftmp'-fir. v. a. To form into clumps or masses. More. CIA MPS. klumps. n.s. A numbskull. CLU'MSILY, kl&m'-ze-le. ad. Awkwardly. Ray. CLU'.AISLNESS, kkW-ze-nes. n. s. Awkwardness Collier. CLU'MSYS, klum'-ze. a. [lompsch, Dutch.] Awk- ward ; heavy ; artless ; unhandy. Ray. CLUNG, klfing. The preterit of cling. CLUNG, kl&ng. a. Wasted with leanness ; shrunk up with cold. To CLUNG, klfing. v. n. To dry as wood does, when laid up after it is cut. To adhere. More. CLU'NIACK*, kliV-ne-ak. n. s. [Chiniacensis, Lat. from Cluni in Burgundy.] One of a reformed ordor of Benedictine monks. CLU'NIACK* klu'-ne-ak. a. Belonging to the order ofCluny. Gough. CLUSTERS, klfis'-lfir. 98. n.s. [clyrfcep, Sax.] A bunch. Bacon. A number of animals gathered together. Milton. To CLUSTER. klfis'-tfir. v.n. To grow in bunches. Milton. To CLUSTER, kkV-tfir. v. a. To collect any thing into bodies. Sir W. Alexander. CLU'STER-GRAPE, khV-tfir-grape. n. s. The small black grape. Mortimer. CLUSTERY, klfis'-tfir-re. a. Growing in clusters. ' Cotgrave. To CLUTCH §, klfitsh. v. a. fce-lseccan, Sax.] To gripe; to grasp. Shak. To comprise. Collier. To contract ; to double the hand. Shakspeare. CLUTCH, klfitsh. n. s. The gripe ; grasp. Charac- ters about 1661. Generally, in the plural the paws, the talons. L' Estrange. Hands, in a sense of ra- pacitv. Hudibras. CLU/TTER $, klut'-tfir. 98. n. s. See Clatter. A noise ; a bustle. JJ Estrange. To CLU'TTER, klfit'-t&r. v. n. To make a noise, or bustle. CLYSTER S, khV-tfir. n. s. [/cW-rfy.] A liquid remedy, applied by injection up the rectum. Ar- buthnot. CLYSTER-PIPE*, khV-tfir-pjpe. n. s. The lube or pipe by which a clvster is injected. To CLY'STERIZE* khV-lfir-lze. v.n. To apply a clvster. Cotgrave. CLY'STERWISE*, khV-tfir-wlze. ad. In the man- ner of a clyster. Gremhill. To COACE'RVATES, ko-a-sar'-vate. 91, 503, {b.) v. a. [coacervo, Lat.] To heap up together. Bacon. {£f= Every dictionary but Entick's lias the accent on the penultimate syllable of this word ; and that this is the true accentuation, we may gather from the tendency of the accent to rest on the same syllable as in the Latin word it is derived from, when the same number of syllables are in both; as in coacervo and coacervatc. SeeARIETATE. W. COACERVA'TION, ko-as-ser-va'-shfin. n. s. Heap- ing, or being heaped together. Bacon. COACH S, k6tsh. n.s. [coche, Fr.] A carriage of pleasure or slate, distinguished from a chariot by having seats fronting each other. Sidney. To COACH, k6tsh. v. a. To carry in a coach. B. Jonson. To draw together, as horses harnessed to a coach. Even/ Wcnnan in her Humour. CO'ACHBOX, kotsh'-boks. n. s. The seat on which the driver of the coach sits. Arbuthnot. COACHFUL*, k6tsh / -ful. n. s. A coach filled with persons. Addison. COACH-HIRE, kotsh'-hlre. n. s. Money paid for the use of a coach. Dryden. COACH-HORSE*, kitshMiSrse. n. s. A horse de- signed for drawing a coach. B. Jonson. COACH-HOUSE, kotsh y -h6us. n. s. The house in which the coach is kept. Swift. CO'ACHMAKER, k6tsh / -ma-kfir. n. s. He whose trade is to make coaches. Shakspeare. 201 COA COB (D" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m^t;— pine, pin;— CO'ACHMAN, k6tsh'-man. 88. n. s. The driver of a coach. Prior. COACHMANSHIP*, kotsh'-man-shlp. n. s. The skill of a coachman. Jenyns. To COA'CT$, ko-akt'. v. n. [from con and act.] To act together. Shakspeare. COA'CTED*, ko-akt'-ed. part. a. [coactus, Lat.] Forced. B. Jonson. COA'CTION, ko-ak'-shon. n. s. Compulsion. Bate. COA'CTIVE, k6-ak'-t?v. 157. a. Compulsory ; re- strictive. Raleigh. Acting in concurrence. SJiak. COA'CTIVELY*, ki-ak'-tlv-le. ad. In a compulsory manner. Bp. Bramhall. COADJU'MENT, ko-ad'-ju-ment. n. s. Mutual as- sistance. COADJUTANT, k6-ad'-ju-tant. a. [row and adjitio.] Helping. Phillips. COADJUTOR, ko-ad-ju'-t&r. 166. n. s. A fellovv- helper. Dryden. [In the canon law.] One who is appointed to perform the duties of another. Ay- life. COADJUTRIX*, ko-ad-ju'-trlks. n. s. She who is a fellow-helper. Smollet. COADJU'VANCY, ki-ad'-ju-van-se. n. s. [con and adjuvo, Lat.] Help ; concurrent help. Broiim. COADUNITION, ki-ad-u-nish'-fin. n. s. [con, ad, unitio, Lat.] Conjunction of different substances into one mass. Hale. COADVE'NTURER*, ki-ad-vSn'-tshur-ur. n. s. A fellow-adventurer. Howell. To COAFFO'REST*. v. a. To convert ground into forest. Howell. COA'GENT* k6-a'-jgnt. n. s. An associate. Beau- mont and Fletclier. To COAGME'NT §, k6-ag-ment'. v. a. [coaugmen- ler, old Fr.] To congregate or heap together. Glanvilte. COAGMENTATION, k6-ag-men-ta/-sh«n. n. s. Collection; conjunction. B. Jonson. COA'GULABLE, ko-ag'-u-la-bl. a. Capable of con- cretion. Boyle. To COA/GULATE^ko-ag'-u-late.gi. v. a. [coagu- lo, Lat.] To force into concretions. Bacon. To COAGULATE, k6-ag'-u-late. v. n. To run into concretions. Bacon. COAGULATION, ko-ag-u-la'-shfin. n. s. Concre- tion ; congelation. Bp. Berkeley. The body form- ed by coagulation. Arbuthnot. COA'GULATP/E, k6-aV-u-la-uV. a. Having the power of coagulation. Boyle. C6A / GULAT0R, k6-ag / -u-la-tur. 521. n. s. What causes coagulation. Arbuthnot. COAK. See Coke. COAL$, k6le. 295. n.s. [col, Sax.] The common fossil fuel. Chambers. The cinder of scorched wood ; charcoal. Bacon. Fire ; any thing inflamed or ignited. Shakspeare. To COAL, k6le. y. a. To burn wood to charcoal. Carew. To delineate with a coal. Camden. COAL-BLACK, ktie'-blak. a. Black in the highest degree. Spenser. COAL-BOX, kole'-b&ks. n. s. A box to carry coals to the fire. COAL-FISH, kole'-flsh. n. s. A species of beardless gad us. COAL-HOUSE*, kole'-hSus. n.s. A place to put coals in. Junius. COAL-MINE, ko-ie'-mlne. n. s. A mine in which coals are dug. Mortimer. COAL-MINER*, k6le'-ml-nur. n. s. One who works in a coal mine. Junius. COAL-PIT, kole'-pft. n.s. A pit for digging coals. Woodward. COAL-SHIP*, k6le'-ship. n.s. A ship that carries coals ; a collier. Junius. COAL-STONE, kole'-stone. n. s. A sort of canal coal. Woodivard. COAL-WORK, k6le'-wfirk. n. s. A place where coals are found. Fellon. CO'ALERY, ko'-lgr-e. n. s. A place where coals are dug. Woodward. IToCOALE'SCEG, k6-a-leV. v. n. [coaUsco, Lat.] To unite in masses. Newton. To grow together ; to join. COALESCENCE, k6-a-les'-sense. n. s. Union Glaninlle. COALITION, k6-a-llsh / -un. n.s. Union in one mass or body. Glanville. CO ALY, k6'-le. a. Containing coal. Milton. COAPTATION, k6-ap-uV-sh&n. n. s. [con and apto, Lat.] The adjustment of parts to each other. Boyle. To COA'RCT $, k6-arkt'. )v. a. [coar'cic, To COA'RCTATE $, k6-ark'-tate j Lat.] To con- fine into a narrow compass. Sir T. Elyot. To re- strain. Ayliffe. COARCTATION, ko-ark-uV-shun. n. s. Confine- ment. Bacon. Contraction of any space. Ray Restraint of liberty. Bp. Bramhall. COARSE $, korse. a. Not refined. Shak. Not soft or fine. Scott. Rude; uncivil. Addison. Gross. Thomson. Inelegant ; rude. Dnjden. Not nicely expert. Arbuthnot. Mean ; not elegant. Roscommon. CO'ARSELY, k6rseMe. ad. Without fineness; meanly. Brown. Rudely. Dryden. Inelegantly. Dn/den. Not delicately; grossly. Shakspeare. CO'ARSENESS, k6rse / -n§s. n.s. Impurity. Bacon. Roughness. Grossness. L'Estrange. Roughness. Garth. Meanness. Addison. To COASSU'ME*, ki-as-snme'. v. a. [con and as- sume.'] To take upon one's self, one thing or quali- ty together with another. Walsall. COAST §, k6ste. n.s. [costa, Lat.] The edge of the iand next the sea ; the shore. Dryden. The border or frontier of a country. Huloet. Side. Bacon. The coast is clear : proverbial, the danger is over. Sidney. To COAST, koste. v. n. To sail close by the coast. Dryden. To approach. Spenser. To COAST, k6ste. v. a. To sail by. Brown. To keep close to. Holinshed. CO'ASTER, k6s / -t&r. n. s. He that sails near the shore. Dryden. COAT §, kite. n. s. [cotte, Fr.] The upper garment. 1 Sam. Petticoat ; the habit of a boy in his infan- cy. Locke. The habit or vesture of office. Howell. The hair or fur of a beast. Milton. Any tegument or covering. Peaclmm. That on which the ensigns armorial are portrayed. Spenser. A card, called rightly a coat-card, and corruptly a court-card. B. Jonson. To COAT, kite. v. a. To cover ; to invest. B Jonson. COAT-CARD*, k6te'-kard. n. s. [from the dress or coat, in which the king, queen, and knave, are represented.] A card. Improperly called court- card. B. Jonson. To COAX $, k6ks. v. a. To wheedle; to flatter. L'Estrange. COAX*, koks. n. s. A dupe. Beaumont and Fletcher. COAXATION*, koks-a/-shun. n. s. The art of coaxing. CO AXER, koks'-ur. n. s. A wheedler. COB, kob. n. s. The sea-mew. Phillips. A spider. A horse not castrated. A strong pony. A coin. Slieridan. CO'BALT, kob'-alt. n. s. A marcasite frequent in Saxony. Woodward. ToCO'BBLE$, k6b'-bl. 405. v. a. [kobler, Dan.} To mend any thing coarsely. Shakspeare. To do. or make clumsily. Dryden. CO'BBLE*, or CO'BLE*, k6b'-bl. n. s. [cuople, Sax.] A fishing boat. Pennant. A pebble. Fairfax. air/a. of ol CO'BBLER, kob'-l&r. 98. n. s. A mender of old shoes. Addison. A clumsy workman. Shak. Any- mean person. Dryden. CO'BCOALS*, kob'-k6l z. n. s. Large round coals.. CO'BIRONS, k&b'-l-urn-/.. n. s. Irons with a knob., at the upper end. Bacon. CO'BISHOP, k6-blsh'-ftp. n. s. A coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe. CO'BLOAF*. k&b'-lofe. n„ *. A crusty, uneven loaf. CO'BNUT, kob'-not. n. s. A boy's game} the con* quering nut. A large nu t. Barret. COBO'B*. SeeCABOB. 202 coc COE -n&, mfive. n&r, not ;— lo.be, tub, bull ; — 611 ; — pofind ;— th\n, THis. COBSTONES* k&b'-st&nz. n. s. Large stones. CO'BS\VAN,k6b'-sw&n. n.s. The head or leading swan. B. Jonson. COBWEB, kob'-web. n. s. [kopweb, Dutch.] The web or net of a spider. Spenser. Any snare or trap. Hudibras. CO BWEB*, k&b'-web. a. Any thing fine, slight, or flimsy. More. COBWEBBED*, k&b'-webd. a. Covered with the webs of spiders. Lovelace. COCA. See Cacao, and Cocoa. COCCI'FEROUS, k&k-slf-fer-rns a. [kokk6 s , and fero, Lat.] Plants or trees that have berries. ~Qui?icv. CWCC XJL VS m INDIC US*, k&k'-ku-lf.s-m'-de-kfis. [Lat.l A poisonous, narcotick berrv. Chambers. CO'CCYX*, k&k'-slks. n.s. [Lat.l [in anatomy.] A bone joined to the extremity of the os sacrum. CO'CHINEAL, k&tsh'-m-eel. 165. n. s. [cochinilla, Span.] An insect gathered upon the opuntia, and dried : from which a beautiful red colour is ex- tracted. Hill. CO'CHLEARY, k&k'-le-a-re. 353. a. [coclUea, Lat.] In the form of a screw. Broun. CO CHLEATED, k&k'-le-a-ted. a. Of a screwed form. Woodward. COCK §, k&k. n. s. [k6kkv%.] The male to the hen. Bacon. The male of any small birds. Arbnthnot. The weathercock. Shnk. A spout to let out water, by turning the stop. Shak. The notch of an ar- row. The part of the lock of a gun that strikes with the flint. Hudibras. A conqueror ; a leader. Addison. Cockcrowing. Shak. A small heap of hay. Mortimer. The form of a hat. Addison. The style or gnomon of a dial. The needle of a balance. Cock on the hoop. Triumphant ; exulting. Camden. Cock and a bull. Tedious, unmeaning stories. Burton. To COCK, k&k. r. a. To set erect. Addison. To set up the hat with an air of pcrtness. Prior. To mould the form of the hat. To fix the cock of a gun ready for a discharge. Dryden. To raise hay in small heaps. Spenser. To COCK, k&k. v. n. To strut ; to hold up the head. Sir T. Smith. To train or use fighting cocks. B. Jonson. To cocker. Tusser. COCKA'DS, k&k-kade'. n. s. A riband worn in the hat. Young. COCKA'DED*, k&k-ade'-ed. a. Wearing a cock- ade in the hat. Young. CO'CKAL*, k&k'-ul. n. s. A game called huckle bone. Kinder. COCKATOO*, k&k-a-too'. n.s. A bird of the par- rot kind. jSir T. Herbert. COCKATRICE, k&k'-a-trlse. 142. n. s. [cocatrice, old Fr.l A serpent supposed to rise from a cock's e^. Shakspeare. COCKBOAT, k&k'-b&te. n. s. A small boat be- longing to a ship. Bacon. CO'CKBRAINED*, k&k'-bran'd. a. Giddy; rash. Milton. CO'CKBROTH, kbk'-broth. n. s. Broth made by boiling a cock. Han-en. COCK-CROWING, kok'-kr&-ing. n. s. The. time at which cocks crow; the morning. St. Mark. To COCKERS, k&k'-kur. v. a. To fondle; to in- dulge. Ecclus. COCKER, k&k'-kur. 98. n. s. A cockfighter. CO'CKER* k&k'-kur. ?i.s. A sort of spatterdash. Bp. Hall. COCKEREL, k&k'-kflr-fl. 555. n. s. A young cock. Shakspeare. COCKERING*, k&k'-ur-ing. n. s. Indulgence. Milton.. CO'CKET*, k&k'-klt. a. Brisk ; pert. Shenvood. CO'CKET, k&k'-klt. 99. n. s. An instrument sealed and delivered by the officers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their merchandise is entered. Coicel. A cock-boat. CO'CKFIGHT, k&k'-f ite. ) n. s. A battle or COCKFIGHTING*, k&k'-fi-ting. $ match of cocks. Bacon. COCKHORSE, k&k'-h&rse. a. On horseback ; tri- umphant; exulting. Prior. COCKING*, k&k'-Ing. n. s. Cockfighting. Beau- mont and Fletcher. COCKLE*, k&k'-kl. 405. n.s. {cochlea, Lat.] A small testaceous fish. Shakspeare. COCKLE-STAIRS, k&k'-kl-stares. n.s. Winding or spiral stairs. Chambers. COCKLE, k&k'-kl. n. s. [coccel, Sax.J A weed that grows in corn. Job. To CO'CKLE, k&k'-kl. v. a. To contract into wrin- kles like the shell of a cockle. Gay. CO'CKLED, k&k'-kld. 359. a. Shelled. Shakspeare. COCKLER*, k&k'-lur. n. s. One who takes and sells cockles. Gray. CO'CKLOFT, k&k'-l&ft. n.s. The room over the garret. Gregon/. CO'CKMASTER, k&k'-ma-st&r. n. s. One that breeds game cocks. L'Estrange. COCKMATCH, k&k'-matsh. n. s. Cockfight for a prize. Addison. COCKNEY, kok'-ne. 270. n. s. [The original un- known.] A native of London, by way of contempt. Shak. Any effeminate, ignorant, low, mean, des- picable citizen. Sluikspeare. COCKNEYLIKE*, k&k'-ne-llke. a. Resembling the character of a cockney. Burton. COCKPIT, kok'-pk n. s. The area where cocks fight. Shak. A place on the lower deck of a man of war, where are subdivisions for the purser, sur- geon, and his mates. COCK'SCOMB, k&ks'-k&me. n.s. A plant. CO'CK'SHEAD, k&ks'-hed. n. s. A plant ; sainfoin. Miller. CO'CKSHUT, k&k'-shut. n. s. The close of the evening. Shakspeare. COCKSPUR, k&k'-spor. n. s. Virginian hawthorn. 'Miller. COCKSURE, kok-shoor'. a. Confidently certain. Skelton. CO'CKSWAIN, k&k'-sn. [See Boatswain.] n. s. The officer who has the command of the cock-boat. Corruptlv cnxon. Drummond. CO'CKWEED, k&k'-weed. n. s. A plant, dittan- der, or pepperwort. CO'COA, k&'-k&. n. s. [coca, or coco, Span, and Port.] A species of palm-tree, cultivated in the East and West Indies. Miller. CO'CTILE, k&k'-lfl. 140. a. [coctilis, Lat.] Made by baking, as a brick. CO'CTION, k&k'-shfin. n. s. [coctio, Lat.] The aet of boiling. Arbulhnot. CO'DFISH, k&d'-fish. H- A sea " fish - «*"****• COD §, k&d. n. s. [cobbe, Sax.] Any case or husk in which seeds are lodged. Shakspeare. A pil- low. To COD, k&d. v.n. To enclose in a cod. Mortimet CO'DDERS, k&d'-durz. n. s. Gatherers of pease. Did. CO'DDY* k&d'-de. a. Husky. Slwwood. CO'DGER*, k&d'-jur. n. s. [coger, Span.] A miser; one who rakes together all he can. CODE, kode. n. s. [codex, Lat.] A book. A book of the civil law. ArbuHinot. CO'DICIL, kod'-e-sll. n.s. An appendage to a will. Prior. CODI'LLE, k&-d?l'. n. s. [codille, Fr.] A term at ombre, when the game is won. Pope. To CO'DLE$, k&d>-dl. 405. v. a. To parboil. Beau- mont. To CO'DLE*, k&d'-dl. v. a. To make much of. CO'DLING, k&d'-lmg. n. s. A species of apple. Bacon. COE'FFICACY, k&-ef-fe-ka-se. n.s. The powei of several things acting together. Broivn, COEFFI'CIENCY, k&-ef-f?sh'-en-se, n.s, Co-ope- ration. Glanrille, COEFFI'CDZNTS, k&-ef-flsh'-ent. [See Efface.] n.s. [con and ejficiens, Lat.] That which unites its action with the action of another. A term in alge- bra and in fluxions. COF COG ID" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat j— me, mh 5— pine, pin COEFFICIENTLY* kd-ef-fish'-ent-le. ad. In a co-operating manner. COE'LDER* k6-eT-dfir. n. s. An elder of the same rank. Trapp. COE'LIACK Passion, ko-eF-e-ak-pash'-un. [co- eliaque, old Fr.] A species of diarrhoea, or flux. Quincy. CCEMETERY. See Cemetery. COE'MPTION, k6-em / -shun. 412. n. s. [coemptio, Lat.J Buying- up the whole quantity of any thing. Bacon. CCENOBY*. See Cenoby. To COENJO'Y*, k6-en-jSe 7 . v. a. To enjoy together. Howell. COE / QUAL §, ko-e'-kwal. a. E^ual ; of the same rank or dignity. Shakspeare. COEQUA'LITY, k6-e-kw&l'-e-te. n.s. The state of being equal. Hooker. ToCOF/RCE^ k6-erse / . v. a. [ccerceo, Lat.] To restrain. Ayliffe. COERCIBLE, k64F-se-bT. a. That may be re- strained. That ought to be restrained. COERCION, ko-ey-shun. n.s. Penal restraint 5 check. Hale. COERCIVE, k6-eV-s?v. a. That which has the ,> |)o\ver of laying restraint, or the authority of re- straining. Blackmore. Hooker. COESSE'NTIAL $, ko-es-sen'-shal. a. [con and es- sentia, Lat.] Participating of the same essence. Hooker. COESSENTIA'LITY, ki-gs-sen-she-ak-e-te. n. s. Participation of the same essence. Burgess. COESSE'NTIALLY*, ko-gj-seV-shal-le\ ad. In a co-essential manner. COEST A'BLISHMENT*, ko-es-tabMish-menl. n. s. Joint establishment. Bv. of Landaff. COETA'NEAN*, ko-e-uV-ne-an. n. s. [con and cetas, Lat.] One of the same age with another. Au- brey. rOETA'NEOUS, ko-e-ta'-ne-us. a. Of the same age with another. Brown. COETE'RNAL §, k6-e-teV-nal. a. [con and cctenms, LatJ Equally eternal with another. Milton. COETE'RNALLY, ko-e-ter'-nal-le. ad. Of equal eternity with another. Hooker. COETE'RNITY, kb-e-teV-ne-te, n. s. Having exis- tence from eternity equal with another eternal be- ing. Hammond. 1 COE'VAL §, kd-e'-viil. a. [cocevus, Lat.] Of the same age, or lime. Prior. Of the same age with another. Hah. . COE'VAL, ki-e'-val. n. s. A contemporary. Hxke- icill. COE'VOUS. k6-e / -vc.s. a. One of the same age. ToCOEXI'ST*, kfeg-zisf. 478. y. n. [can and cxisto, Lat.] To exist at the same time. Hale. COEXI'STENCE, ko-eg-zls'-tense. n. s. Existence at the same time with another. Locke. COEXPSTEJNT, k6-eg-zis'-tent. a. Existing at the same time with another. Locke. T: COEXTE'ND§, ko-els-tend'. All. v. a. [con and extendo, Lat.] To extend to the same space or du- ration with another. Grew. COEXTE'NSION, ko-ek-sten'-shtm. n. s. Extending to the same space or duration with another. Hale. COEXTENSIVE* ki-eks-ten'-siv. a. Having the same extent. Bp. Winchester. COEXTE'NSIVELY*, l^-ek-sten'-slv-le. ad. In a co-extensive manner. CO'FFEE§, kof-fe, n.s. [Arabick.] A species of Arabick jessamine, from the berries of which a drink called coffee is prepared. Bacon. CO'FFEE-HOUSE, k&f -fe-house. n. s. A house of entertainment where coffee is sold. Burton.. COFFEE-MAN, kof-fe-maii. 88. n. s. One that keeps a coffee-house. Addison. CO'FFEE-POT, k6f-fe-p6t. n. s. The covered pot in which coffee is boiled. Dr. Warton. COTTER §, kdf-fftr. n.s. [coppe, Sax.] A chest generally for keeping money. Spenser. Treasure. paeon. A square depressure in each interval be- tween the modillions of the Corinthian cornice. [In fortification.] A hollow lodgement across a dry moat. $5= I have in this word followed the general pronuncia- tion, which I see is confirmed by Dr. Kenrick, W. John- ston, Messrs. Perry, Scott, and Buchanan ; for as it stands in Mr. Sheridan witl the lung, though not with- out respectable usage on its side, it is a gross irregulari- ty, which ought, if possible, to be reduced to rule. W. ToCOTFER, k&P-f&r. v. a. To treasure up. Bacon. COTFERER*, kof-fur-ur. 555. n. s. He who places treasure in a chest or coffer. Young. A principal officer of his majesty's court, next under the comp- troller. Warton. COFFIN § f kdf-fin. n.s. [ K 6ij>ivos.] The box or chest in which dead bodies are interred. Sidney. A mould of paste for a pie. Titus Andron. A paper case, in form of a cone , used by grocers. — Coffin of a horse,\s the whole hoof of the foot above the coronet, including the cqffinbone ; which is a small spongy bone, enclosed in the midst of the hoof. To CO'FFIN, kof-fm. v. a. To enclose in a coffin. Shak. To enclose. John Hall. To cover, as with paste. B. Jonson. CO'FFIN-MAKER, kof-f m-ma-kur. n. s. One whose trade is to make coffins. Taller. COFO'UNDER*, ko-ffiuud'-ur. n. s. A joint foun- der. Weever. COG §*, kdg. n. s. A piece of deceit. Watson. To COG$, kdg. v. a. To flatter; to wheedle. Shak. To cog a die : to secure it, so as to direct its fall ; to falsify. Bp. Hall. Dnjden. To obtrude by falsehood. Tillotson. To COG, k&g. v. n. To lie ; to wheedle. Tusser. COG§, k6g. 7/. s. The tooth of a wheel. Dean Tucker To COG, kdg. v. a. To fix cogs in a wheel. CQG$ # , k6g. n. s. [kogge, Goth.] A cock -boat; a little boat. Fairfax. CO'GENCY, ko'-jen-se.M.s. Force; strength. Locke. COGE'NIAL*, k6-je / -ne-al. a. Congenial. Warton. CO'GENT§, k6'-jent. a. [cogens, Lat.] Forcible; resistless. Prior. CO'GENTLY, ko'-jent-le. ad. Forcibly. Locke. COGGER, k6g'-ur. n.s. A flatterer. Shenvood. CO'GGERY*, kog'-flr-e. n. s. Trick; falsehood. Watson. CO'GGING*, kog'-mg. n.s. Cheat; fallacy. Beau- mont and Fletcher. I CO'GGLESTONE, kog'-gl-stine. n. s. [cuogolo, Ital.J A small pebble. Skinner. CO'GITABLE, kodje'-e-ta-bl. 405. a. That which mav be thought en. To COMITATE §, kodje'-e-tate. 91. v.n. [cogito, Lat.] To think. Donne. COGITA'TION, kodje-e-ta'-shun. n.s. Thought. Hooker. Purpose. Bacon. Meditation; contem- plation. Milton. CO'GITATIVE, kodje'-e-ta-tfv. a. Having the power of thought. Smith,. Given to thought. Wotton. CO'GNATE W, k&g'-nate. a. [cognatus, Lat.] Kin- dred. Hoivell. COGNA / TION,k&g-na / -shf!ii. n.s. Descent from the same original. Sir T. Brown. Relation. South. COGNISE^, kog-ne-zee', or kon-e-zee'. [See Cog- nizance.} n. s. He to whom a fine in lands or tenements is acknowledged. Cowel. CO'GNISOUR, kog-ne-zSr', or k6n-e-z6r / . 314. n. s. He that passeth or acknowledgeth a fine in lands or tenements to another. Coicel. COGNFTKW $, kog-nish'-un. n. s. [cogniiio, Lat.] Knowledge. Shakspeare. COGNITIVE, k6g'-ne-liv. a. Having the power of knowing. South. CO'GNIZABLE, kog'-ne-za-bl, or kSn'-e-za-br. 405. a. That falls under judicial notice. Liable to be tried. Ayliffe. CO'GNIZANCE, k6g ; -ne-zanse, or kon'-e-ziinse. [k6n / -e-zanse, Shei-w.au fy Perry.] n. s. [cogni- zance, old Fr.] Judicial notice; trial. South. A badge. Bacon. Knowledge by recollection. Spenser. §tj" I have in this word and its relatives given the foren- sick pronunciation : but cannot help observing, that it is so gross a departure from the most obvious rules of tho 204. COI COL —116, in ve, nor, not ;— tube, tto, bull ;— oil }— pdflnd ;—th\n, THis language, that it is highly incumbent on the gentlemon of the law to renounce it, and reinstate the excluded a in its undoubted rights. — See Authoiutt and Cleff. W. rOGXOMINAL$, kog-ndm'-e-nal. a. [cognomen, Lat.] Having the same name. Brown. 'Belong- ing 10 the surname. Pearson. ZVCCKiKQ'MlNATE*,k6g-nom / -£-nate. v. a. To «ve a name. Cockeram. COG NOMINATION, k6g-n6m-e-mV-shun. n. s. A surname. A name added from any accident or quality. Brown. COGXO'SCENCES, k6g-n6s'-sense. n. s. [cognosco, Lat.] Knowledge. Diet. COGNO'SCENTE*, k6g-n6s-sen'-te.ra..y.[p]u. cq iioscadi, Ital.] One who is well versed in airy t !i i ii£T 5 a connoisseur. COG^OSCIBFLITY*, kog-nos-se-bil'-e-te. n. s. The gualitv of* being- cognoscible. COGNO'SCIBLE, kdg-nos'-se-bl. a. That maybe known. Sir T. Brown. That falls under judicial notice. Bp. Hall. COGNO'SCITIVE* kog-nos'-se-dv. a. Having the power of knowing. Bp. Barlow. To COHA'BIT$, k6-habMt. v.n. [cohabito, Lat.] To dwell with another. South. To live together as husband and wife. Fiddes. COHA'BITANT, k6-hab / -e-tant. n. s. An inhabitant of tlie same place. Woolton. COHABIT A'TION, ko-hab-e-ta'-sluin. n. s. The act of inhabiting the same place with another. Abp. Cranmer. The state of living together as married persons. Bacon. COHETR, k6-are'. n. s. [cohxres, Lat.] One of sev- eral among whom an inheritance is divided. Bp. Taylor. COHEIRESS, k6-a/-ris. 99. n. s. One of two or more heiresses. To COHE'RE^, ko-here'. v. n. [cohcereo, Lat.] To stick together. Woodward. To be well connected. Burke. To suit 5 to fit. Sliak. To agree. Milton. COHERENCE, k6-h,y-rense. ) n. s. That state of COHERENCY, ko-he'-ren-se. \ bodies in which their parts are joined together so that they resist separation. Locke. Connexion. Hooker. The regular texture of a discourse. Consistency in rea- soning. Locke. COHERENT, ko-he'-rent. a. Sticking together. Arbulhnot. Connected ; united. Locke. Suitable to something else. Shaksveare. Consistent. Waits. COHESION, ki-he'-zhun. n. s. The act of sticking together. Newton. The stale of union. Bluck- more. Connexion. Locke. COHESIVE, ko-he'-slv. 158, 428. a. That has the power of sticking. COHESIVELY* k6-he'-siv-le. ad, turmoil. Shakspeare. A In a connected manner. COHE'SIVENESS, ko-he'-siv-nes. n. s. The quali- ty of being cohesive. ToCOHFBIT, ko-hnV-it. v. a. [cohibeo, Lat.] To restrain. To COTIOBATE §, kc-'-hi-bate. 91. r. a. To pour the distilled liquor upon the remaining matter, and distil it again. Arbulhnot. COHOB ACTION, kd-ho-ba'-shfin. n. s. The repeat- ed exposure of any substance to the chymical ac- tion of a liquid. Locke. CO'HORT, k^-fcort. n. s. [cohxrrs, Lat.] A troop of soldiers in the Roman armies, containing about five hundred foot. Camden. A body of warriours. MiUon. COHORT A'TION, ki-hdr-ta'-shun. n. s. Encourage- ment by words. Diet. COIF$ f kdlf. 344, 415. [See Quoif.] n. s. [coeffe, FrJ The head-dress ; a cap. Bacon. To COIF*, kd?f. v. a. To dress with a coif. Cooper. COTFED, kolft. 359. a. Wearing a coif. Arbuih. COIFFURE. kd?f-fure. n. s. Head-dress. Donne. To COIGNE*. koln. ) v. n. To live bv extortion; an 7 T oCO / INY*.k6k / -e. \ Irish term. Brysket. 9 COIGNE, k6m. n.s. [cogn, old Fr.] A corner. Shak- 1 speare. A wooden wedge used bv printers. To COIL $, koll. v.a. \coiMv, old Fr.] To gather I into a narrow compass ; as to coil a rope. Beau vwnt and Fletclier. COIL, koil. n.s. Tumult; rope wound into a ring. COIN, k6in. n.s. A corner. COIN §, kdin. n. s. [coin, Fr.] Money stamped with a legal impression. Sidney. Payment of any kind. Hammond. To COIN, k6!n. v.a. To stamp metals for money. Slmk. To make or invent. Sliakspeare. To make or forge any thing, in an ill sense. Hudihras. COINAGE, k6m 7 -'ajc. 91. n.s. The art or practice of coining money. Arfmffmot. Coin; money. Brown. The charges of coirirftgr money. New production. Dnjden. Forgery; mention. Sliak. To COINCFDE $, ko-m-slde'. v. n. [c-f.ncidd, Lat.] To fall upon the same point. Cheijne. "To con- cur. Watts. COFNCIDENCE, kMn'-se-dense. n. s. The state of falling upon the same point. Benlleij. Concur^ rence ; consistency. Hale. COFNCIDENCY*, ko-in'-se-d&i-se. n.s. Tendency to the same end. Foiherby. COINCIDENT, ko-ln'-se-dent. a. Falling upon the same point. Newton. Concurrent. South.. COINCFDER* ko-Jn-sl'-dur. n. s. That which coin- cides with another thing. Harris. COINDICA'TIQN*, k6-ln-de-ka / -shun. n. s. [cm and indico, Lat.] Many symptoms betokening the same cause. COTNER, koln'-ur. 98. n. 5. A maker of money. Shak. A maker of base money. An inventor. Camden. To COFNQUINATE §*, ko-m'-kwe-nate. r. a. [coin- quino, Lat.] To pollute; to defile. Skelton. COINQUINA'TION*, k6-?n-kwe-na/-sb&i. n.s. Pcl- lution ; defilement. Cotgrave. To COJOTN, ko-jdiV. v. n. [conjimgo, Lat.] To join with another. Slmkspeare. COTSTRIL, kSfs'-trll. n. s. A coward ; corrupted from kestrel, a degenerate hawk. Slmkspeare. CQIT§ ; k61t. 344, 415. n. s. [kote, Dutch.] A thing thrown at a certain mark. Carew. See Quoit. To COIT*; kfllt. v. a. To throw any thing, as at the game of coits. COFTFNG* kolt'-ing. n. s. Playing at coits. J8S»- T. Elyot. COI'TION, ko-ish'-fin. n.s. [coitio, Lat.] Copula- tion; the act of generation. Ray. The act by which two bodies come together. Brown. COJU'ROR*, ko-ju'-r&r. n. s. [con and juror, Lat.| He who bears his testimony to the credibility ot another. Wotlon. COKE, k6ke. n. s. Fewel made by burning pit-coal under earth, and quenching the cinders. CO'LANDER, kfilMan-dur. 165. n. s. [colo, Lat.] A sieve ; a strainer. May. COLA'TION, k6-la/-shun. n. s. Filtering or strain- CO'LATURE, koF-a-tshure. .161. n. s. Straining; filtration. Evelyn. The matter strained. CO'LBERTINE, k6l-ber-teen'. 112. n.s. A kind of lace; 1 he fabrick of Mons. Colbert. Congreve. CO'LCOTHAR, k6l'-k6-^gr. n. s. The dry sub- stance which remains after distillation, but ccni- monlv the caput mortuum of vitriol. Brown. COLD 5, kdld. a. [colb, Sax.] Not hot; not warm gelid. Milton. Causing sense of cold. Milton. Chill ; shivering. Shak. Having cold qualities. Bacon. Indifferent; frigid. Hooker. Unaffecting. B. Jonson. Reserved; coy. Sliak. Chaste. Shak. Not welcome. Shak. Not hasty ; not violent. Not affecting the scent strongly. Shak. Not having the scent strongly affected. Shakspeare. COLD, kold. n. s. The cause of the sensation of cold ; the privation of heat. Sliak. The sensation of cold. Dn/den. A disease caused by cold. Shakspeare. COLD-BLOODED*, kold'-blud-ed. a. Without feel- ing. Sliaksveare. COLD-HEARTED*, koldMiart-ed. a. Indifferent; wanting passion. Shakspeare. CO'LDLY, kold'-lc. ad. Without heat. Without •concern. Shakspeare. 205. COL COL (D 3 559.— File, fir. fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;- COLDNESS, kold'-nes. n. s. Want of heat. Boyle. Unconcern; frigidity of temper. Hooker. Coyness 5 want of kindness. Addison. Chastity. Pope. COLE$, lu'-le. n. s. [capl, Sax.] A general name for all sorts of cabbage. COLESEED, kole'-seed. n. s. Cabbage seed. Mor- timer. COLEWORT, kole'-wurt. 165. n. s. A species of cabbage. Dryderi. CO LICK, kol'-fc. n. s. [colicus, Lat.J A disorder of the bowels that is attended with pain, with or with- out constipation. Quincy. CO'LlCK, kol'-ik. a. Affecting the bowels. Milton. To COLL §*, k6l. v. a. [coller, old Fr.] To embrace. Spenser. ToCOLLA'PSES, kol-laps'. v. n. [collapsus, Lat.] To fall together. Arbuthnot. COLLAPSED* kol-lapst'. a. Withered ; ruined ; fallen down. Burton. COLLA PSION, k^-lap'-shun. n. s. Closing or col- lapsing. Russell. The state of vessels closed. CO LLAR$, k6l'-l&r. 418, 88. n. s. [collar, Span.] A ring of metal put round the neck. Drijden. The harness that is fastened about the horse's neck. Skate. The part of the dress that surrounds the neck. Job. To slip the collar. To get free. Spenser. A collar of brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel. Pegge. COLLAR-BONE, kol'-lfir-b6ne. n. s. The clavicle. Wiseman.' To COLLAR, k5l'-lur. v. a. To seize by the collar. COLLARED* k&l'-lurd. a. [In heraldry.] Any ani- mal having a collar about its neck. Chaucer. To COLLATE §, k&l-late^. v. a. [confero, collatum, Lat.] To compare one thing of the same kind with another. Bacon. To examine if nothing be want- ing in books. Fell. To bestow; to confer. Bp. Taylor. To place in an ecclesiastical benefice. Ayliffe. COLLATERAL, kol-lat'-ter-al. a. [con and lotus, Lat.l Side to side. ShaJc. Running parallel. Dif- fused on either side. Milton. Those relations who do not descend directly, as uncles, aunts, nephews, &c. Ayliffe. Not direct; not immediate. SlwJc. Concurrent. Atlerbury. COLLATERALLY, k6l-lat'-ter-al-le. ad. Side by side. Wilkins. Indirectly. Dryden. In col- lateral relation. COLLATERALNESS*, kdl-lat'-ter-al-nes. n. s. A state of collateral relation or connexion. Cotgrave. COLLATION, kdl-la'-shun.rt.s. [coUatio, Lat.] The act of conferring or bestowing. Ray. Comparison of one thing of the same kind with another. Spel- man. [In law.] Collation is the bestowing of a benefice. Cowel. A repast. Wliiston. Discourse. Abp. Canterbury. Collection. Bp. Niclwlson COLLATFTIOUS, k6l-la-tish'-us. a. Done b; contribution of man}'. Diet. COLLA'TIVE*, kol-la'-tiv. a. [In iaw.] An advow- son collative is, where the bishop and the patron are one and the same person. Able to confer or be- stow. COLLATOR, k&l-la'-tor. 166. n. s. One that com- pares copies or manuscripts. Addison. One who presents to an ecclesiastical benefice. Ayliffe. One that bestows any gift. Felilmm. To COLLAUD, kol-lawd'. v. a. [collaudo, Lat.] To join in praising. Howell. CO'LLE AGUES, kolMeeg. 492. n.s. [collega, Lat.] A partner. Milton. To COLLE'AGUE, kdl-leeg'. v. a. To unite with. Slialcspeare. CO'LLEAGUESHIP*, k&lMeeg-shlp. n. s. Part- nership. Milton. To COLLECT $,k&l-lSkt'. v. a. [coUigo, colledum, Lat.] To gather together. Watts. To gain by ob- servation. Shak. To infer as a consequence. • Locke. — To collect himself. To recover from sur- prise. Shakspeare. D^ In scarcely any part of the language does the influ- ence of accent on the sound of the vowels appear more perceptibly than in the prepositional syllables col, cojh, by the con, and cor. When the accent is on these syllables, in college, commissary, conclave, corrigible, &c. &c, the has distinctly its short sound. The same may be ob- served of this 0, when the principal accent is on the third syllable, and the secondary accent on the first, 523 ; as in colonnade, commendation, condescension, correspond- ent, See. &c. ; for in this case there is a secondary ac- cent on the first syllable, which preserves the in its true sound, 522 : but when the accent is on the second syllable, this vowel slides into a sound like short u, and the words to collect, to commit, to convince, to corrupt, &cc. &c, are heard as if written culled, cummit, cun- vince, currupt, &'c. &c. It is true, that, when these words are pronounced alone, with deliberation, energy, and precision, the in the first syllable preserves nearly its true sound ; but this seems to slide insensibly into short u the moment we unite these words with others, and pronounce them without premeditation. The delib- erate and solemn sound is that which I have given in this [Walker's] dictionary : nor have I made any differ- ence between words where the accent is on the second syllable : and why Mr. Sheridan, and those who have fol- lowed him, should, in combust, commute, complete, &c, give the sound of short in from ; and in command, com- mit, commence, &c, give the same letter the sound of short u in drum, I cannot conceive : they are all suscep- tible of this sound or none, and therefore should all be marked alike. If custom be pleaded for this distinc- tion, it may be observed, that this plea is the best in the world when it is evident, and the worst when obscure. No such custom ever fell under my observation : I have always heard the first syllable of compare and compel, of commence and compose, pronounced alike, and have therefore made no distinction between them in this [Walker's] dictionary. I have given them all the sound of the in comma ; though I am sensible that, in collo- quial pronunciation, they all approach nearer to the short u, and are similar to the same syllables in comfort, combat, &c. And it may belaid down as a general rule, without an exception, " that in an initial syllable, im- " mediately before the accent, and succeeded by two un- " combinable consonants, may, in familiar conversation, " be pronounced like the same letter in come, done " &c." W. CO'LLECT, kol'-lgkt. 492. n. s. [collecta, low Lat.] A short, comprehensive prayer. Bp. Taylor. COLLECT ANEOUS, k&l-lek-ta'-ne-us.a. Gathered up together. COLLECTEDLY, kol-lekt'-ed-le. ad. Gathered in one view at once. More. COLLECTEDNESS*, kol-lekt'-Sd-nes.n. *. A state of recovery from surprise ; a command over the thoughts. State of union or combination. COLLECTIBLE, k&l-lek'-te-bl. a. That which may be gathered. Brown. COLLECTION, k&l-lek'-shfin. n. s. Gathering to- gether; contribution for charitable purposes. 1 Cor. An assemblage. Prior. The act of deducing con- sequences. Hooker. A corollary; deduction. Hooker. COLLECTFTIOUS, kol-lgk-tlsh'-us. a. Gathered COLLECTIVE, k&l-lek'-tlv. a. Gathered into one mass. Hooker. Employed in deducing conse- quences. Brown. A collective noun expresses a multitude, though itself be singular. COLLECTIVELY, k&l-lek'-tjv-le. ad. In a general mass ; in a body. Hale. COLLECTIVENESS*, kol-leV-tiv-nes.n. 5. A state of union or combination; a mass. COLLECTOR, kol-lek'-t&r. 166. n. s. A gatherer. A compiler. Hale. A tax-gathgrer. Temple. A name in Oxford for two bachelors of arts, appointed to superintend some scholastick proceedings of their fellow-bachelors in Lent. COLLECTORSHIP*, kdl-lek'-tur-shlp. n. s. The office of a collector. COLLECATARY, k&l-leg'-a-ta-re. n. s. [con and legatum, Lat.] A person to whom is left a legacy in common with one or more other persons. Cham- bers. CO / LLEGE$,k&lMedje.91.[SeeT0CoLLF.CT.]«..s. [collegium, Lat.] A community. Dryden. A society of men set apart for learning or religion. ShaJc The nouse in which the collegians reside. « Kings . A college, in foreign universities, is a lecture read in publick. 206 -~- COL COL -116, move, ndr, not ; — tube, tab, bull ; — 611 ; — p6und ; — thin, THis. COLLEGE-LIKE*, k&l'-ledje-llke. a. Regulated after the manner of a college. Howell. COLLE'GIAL, kdl-le'-jo-al. a. Relating to a college. COLLEGIAN, kdl-le'-ie-au. «. s. A member of a college. One of a religious sect, formed among the Arminians and Anabaptists in Holland. COLLE'GIATE, k6l-le'-je-ate. 91. a. Instituted af- ter the manner of a college. Hooker. — A collegiate church : one built at a convenient distance from the cathedral church, wherein a number of presbyters were settled in one congregation. Aylije. COLLE'GIATE, k6l-le'-je-ate. n. s. A member of a college. Burton. CO'LLE , I', kol'-l'it. 99. 11. 5. [collum, Lat.] Anciently something that went about the neck. That part of a ring in which the stone is, set. Sir T. Herbert. A term used by turners. To COLLIDE, kol-llde'. v. n. {collide, Lat.] To strike against each other. Brown. CO'IXIER$, kol'-yflr. 113. n.s. A digger of coals. Gataker. A coal-merchant. Bacon. A ship that carries coals. COLLIERY, k6l'-y&r-e. 113. n. s. The place where coals are dug. The coal trade. COLL1FLOWER, k&IMe-fldii-ur. n. s. [capl, Sax. and floicer.] A species of cabbage. T. Warton. To COLLIGATE $*, k61'-le-gate. v. a. [colligo, Lat.] To bind together. Quelch. COLLIGATION, kol-le-ga'-shfin. n. s. A binding together. Brown. COLLIMA'TION, k&l-le-ma'-shun. n. s. [collimo, Lat.] Aiming at a mark. Diet. COLLINEA'TION,k6l-l?n-e-a'-shun. n.s. [collineo, LatJ The act of aiming. CO LLING*, kdl'-llng. n. s. An embrace ; dalliance. Chancer. Ob. T. COLLIQUABLE, k&l-luV-wa-bl. a. Easily dissolv- ed. Harrey. COLLl'QUAMENT, k&l-nV-wa-ment. n. s. The substance to which any thing is reduced by being melted. CO'LLIQUANT, kol'-le-kwant. a. That which has l he power of melting. To COLLIQUATE §, kol'-le-kwate. 91. v. a. [colli- queo, Lat.] To melt ; to dissolve. Boyle. To COLLIQUATE, kol'-le-kwate. v. n. To be dis- solved. Brown. COLLIQUA'TION, k6l-le-kwa'-sh&n. n. s. The act of melting. Bacon. Such a temperament or dispo- sition of the animal fluids as proceeds from a lax compages, which occasions fluxes., sweats, &c. Quincy. COLLIQUATIVE, kol-llk'-wa-rfv. a. Meltings dis- solvent. Quincy. COLLIQUEFA'CTION, k6l-lik-we-fak'-sh&n. n. s. Melting together. Bacon. COLLI'SION, kol-l?zh'-an. n. s. [collisio, Lat.] The act of striking two bodies together. Milton. A clash. Denham. ToCO'LLOCATE§, kdlM6-kate. 91. v. a. [colloco, Lat.] To place. COLLOCATE* kol'-l6-kate. a. Placed. Bacon. COLLOCATION, kol-l6-ka'-shun. n.s. Placing; disposition. Gregory. The state of being placed. Bacon. COLLOCUTION, k&l-l6-ku'-shun. n. s. [collocutio, Lat.] Conference ; conversation. COLLOCL7TOR*, k6l-l6-ku'-t&r. n.s. One of the speakers in a dialogue. M. Casaubon. To COLLOGUE, kol-l6g'. 337. v. n. To wheedle 5 to flatter. Bp. Hall. COLLOGUING*, k&l-log'-ing. n. s. Flattery ; de- ceit. Burton. OO'LLOP, k6l / -lfip. 166. n. s. [colp, old Fr.] A small slice of meat. Dryden. A piece of any' animal. Job. In burlesque language : a child. SlwJespeare. COLLOQUIAL, k&M6 7 -kwe-al. a. Relating to com- mon conversation. Dr. Warton. CO'LLOQUIST*, k6lM6-kwlst. n.s. A speaker in a dialogue. Malone. COLLOQUYS, k6l'-l6-kwe. n. *. [colloquium, Lat.] Conference ; conversation. Milton. CO'LLOW, kolM6. n. s. Black grime of burnt coal? or wood. Woodward. COLLU'CTANCY, k&l-l&k'-tan-se. n. s. [colluctor, Lat.] A tendency to contest. COLLUCTATION, k6l-lak-ta'-sh&n. n. s. Contest; contrariety ; opposition. More. To COLLU'DE§, k&l-lude'. v.n. [colludo, Lat.] To conspire in a fraud. Mountagu. COLLU'DER*, k6l-UV-dur. n. s. He who conspires in a fraud. Milton. COLLIDING*, k&l-lu'-dlng. n.s. Trick; secret management of deceit. Mountagu. COLLISION, k&l-lu'-zhan. n.s. A deceitful agree ment between two or more, for the one part to bring an action against the other to some evil put pose. Cowel. COLLUSIVE, kol-hV-siv. 158,428. a. Fraudulently concerted. L. Addison. COLLUS1VELY, k&l-lu'-siv-le. ad. In a mannei fraudulently concerted. Blackstone. COLLUSIVENESS*, k&l-UV-slv-nes. n. s. Fraudu lent concert. COLLU'SORY, k6l-Iu'-sftr-e. 557. a. Carrying on a fraud by secret concert. CO'LLY $, kdlMe. n. s. The smut of coal. Burton. To CO'LLY, k&lMe. v. a. To grime with coal. Shak speare. COLL Y'RIUM, k6l-lf r'-re-fim. 1 13. n. s. [koXMpiov.} A topical remedy for the eyes. COLMAR, k6l'-mar. n.s. [Fr.] A sort of pear. CO'LOCYNTH*, ko\'-6-shth. n. s.[colocynthis, Lat.] Coloquintida ; bitter apple. Bp. Taylor. CO'LON, k6'-16n. n. s. [k&\ov.] A point [:] used to mark a pause greater than that of a comma, and less than that of a period. The greatest and widest of all the intestines. Quincy. COLONELS, kiV-nel. n. s. [coronet, Span.] The chief commander of a regiment. Spenser, fcj™ This word is among those gross irregularities which must be given up as incorrigible. W. CO'LONELSHIP, kur'-nel-shlp. n.s. The office or character of colonel. Sivift. COLO'NIAL*, k6-l6'-ne-al. a. Relating to a colony. Burke. COLONICAL*, k6-16n'-e-kal. a. [colonus, Lat.] Re- lating to husbandmen. Spelman. CO'LONIST*, kol'-o-nlst. n. s. One departed from the mother country to inhabit some distant place. A. Smith. To COLONIZE, k&i'-o-nlze. v. a. To plant with in- habitants. Bacon. COLONIZATION*, k&l-6-n£-za'-shon. n. s. Plant- ing with inhabitants, or forming colonies. Burke. COLONIZING*, koF-6-nUfng. n.s. The same as colonization. Robertson. COLONNA'DE, kol-16-nade'. [See To Collect.] n.s. [colonna, Ital.] Any range of insulated columns. Pope. CO'LONY$,#6l'-6-ne. n.s. [colonia, Lat.] A body of people drawn from the mother country to inhab- it some distant place. Spenser. The country plant ed. Dryden. COLOPHON* k6l'-6-f6n. n. s. [Lat.] The conclu sion of a book, formerly containing the place, or the year, or both, of its publication. Warton. COLOPHONY, ko-l6f-6-ne. it. s. [Colophon, a city whence it came.] Rosin. Boyle. COLOQUI'NTIDA, k6l-l6-kw]n'-te-dl n. *. The fruit of the bitter apple. Chambers. CO'LORATE, k6l'-6-rate. 91. a. [coloratus, Lat.] Coloured ; dyed. Ray. COLORATION, k6l-6-ri'-shfin. n.s. Colouring. Bacon. The state of being coloured. Bacon. COLORI'FICK, kol-16-rif -Ik. a. That has the power of producing dyes, or tints. Newton. COLOSSE$, ko-l&s'. )n. s. [colossus, Lat.] A COLO'SSUS$,k6-l6s'-sfis. \ statue of enormous magnitude. Sir T. Herbert. COLOSSAL*, kb-los'-sal. a. Gigantick ; hkeaco lossus. Dr. Warton. COLOSSE'AN, kol-l&s-se'-an. [See European.] a. Giantlike. Harris. 207 COM COM U 3 559.— File, far, fall, fat }— me, met 5— pine, pfn 3— COLO'SSIANS*, ko-l6sh'-e-anz. n. *. Christians of Colosse, a city of Phrygia in Asia Minor. Ham- mond. COLO'SSICK*, ko-l&s'-sik. a. Large, like a colos- sus. Cliawnan. COLOSSUS-WISE* k&-l6s / -sus-wlze. ad. In the manner of a colossus. Sluxkspeare. COLOUR S, kdlM&r. 165,314. n.s. [color, Lat.] The appearance of bodies to the eye only. Watts. The freshness, or appearance of blood in the face. Di-y- den. The tint of the painter. Pope. The repre- sentation of any thing 1 superficially examined. Swift. Concealment ; palliation. Shakspeare. Pretence } false. show. Sluxkspeare. Kind ; species ; character. Shakspeare. In the plural, a standard ; an ensign of war. Shakspeare. To COLOUR, kul'-lfir. v. a. To mark with some hue. Newton. To palliate} to excuse. Raleigh. To make plausible. Addison. — To colour a stranger's goods, is when a freeman allows a for- eigner to enter goods at the custom-house in his name j so that the foreigner pays but single duty, when he ought to pay double. Phillips. To COLOUR, kulMfir. v.n. To blush. COLOURABLE, kuF-lur-a-bl. 405. a. Specious} plausible. Spenser. COLOURABLENESS*, kul'-lur-a-bl-nes. n. s. That which is made plausible. Fulke. COLOURABLY^ulMur-a-ble.orf. Speciously. Ba- con. COLOURED, kulMurd. 359. part. a. Streaked. Ba- con. COLOURING, kulMur-lng. 410. n. s. The part of the painter's art that teaches to lay on his colours with propriety and beauty. Bp. Taylor. Pope. COLOURIST, kuF-lur-ist. n. s. A painter who ex- cels in giving the proper colours. Dryden. COLOURLESS, kuF-lur-les. a. Without colour} transparent. Newton. COLSTAFF*, kol'-staf. n. s. A large staff, on which a burthen is carried between two on their shoulders. Burton. COLT§, kolt n.s. [colfc, Sax.] A young horse. Ba- con. A young, foolish fellow. Sliakspeare. To COLT, kolt. v. n. To frisk ; to frolick. Spenser. To COLT, kolt. v. a. To befool. Shakspeare. COLTS-FOOT, k6lts-fut. n. s. A plant. Miller. COLTS-TOOTH, kolts-t66tfi'. n. s. An imperfect tooth in young horses. A love of youthful pleasure. Shakspeare. COLTER, k6F-tur. n. s. [miter, Lat.] The sharp iron of a plough that cuts perpendicularly to the share. COLTISH, kolt'-ish. a. Wanton. Chaucer. COLUBRINE,koF-u-br5n. 148. a. [colubrinus, Lat.] Relating to a serpent. Cunning ; crafty. COLUMBARY, ko-hW-ba-re. n. s. [columbarium, Lat.] A dovecot} a pigeon-house. Brown. COLUMBINE, k&F-um-blne. 148. Ms. [Lat.] A plant. Miller. COLUMBINE*, k6F-um-blne. n.s. A kind of violet colour. COLOMBO Root*, k6-lum / -b6-rS6t. A root brought from Columbo, and used in medicines. Chambers. COLUMNS, k&F-lum. 411. n.s. [columna, Lat.] A round pillar. Wotton. Any body of certain dimen- sion's pressing vertically upon its base. Bentley. The long file of troops of an army in its march. Half a page, when divided into two equal parts by a line passing through the middle, as in this book. COLOMNAR, ki-lfim'-nar. ) a. Formed COLUMNARIAN, kol-um-na'-re-an. $ in columns. Woodward. COLU'RES, ko-lurz'. n. s. [coluri, Lat.] Two great circles supposed to intersect each other at right angles in the poles of the world. Harris. COMAS, k6 / -ma. 91. n. s. [KWfia.] A morbid dispo- sition to sleep. CO'MART, k6'-mart n. s. [con and mart, or market.] Treaty} article. Shakspeare. COMATE, k6-mate'. n. s. Companion. Shak- speare CO'MATE*, k6'-mate. a. [comatus, Lat.] Hairy in appearance. Fairfax. COMATOSE, kom-a-tose 7 . a. Lethargick. Grew. COMB $, in the end, and COMP in the beginning of names, seem to be derived from the British cwm, which signifies a low situation. Gibson. COMB, in Cornish, signifies a valley. COMB*, n. s. [comb, Sax.] A valley surrounded with hills. Browne. COMBS, k6me. 347. n. s. [camb, Sax.] An instru- ment to separate and adjust the hair. Milton. The top or crest of a cock, from its indentures. Bacon. The cavities in which the bees lodge their honey. Dryden. A dry measure, four bushels. To COMB, kome. v. a. To divide and adjust the hair. Shakspeare. To lay any thing smooth, by drawing through narrow interstices} as, to comb wool. COMB-BRUSH, k6me'-brush. n.s. A brush to clean combs. COMB-MAKER, kome'-ma-kfir. n. s. One who makes combs. Mortimer. To COMBAT S, kum'-bat. 165. v. n. To fight. Shak. To act in opposition. Milton. To CO'MBAT, kum'-bat. [See To Collect.] v. a. To oppose } to fight. Granville. CO MEAT, kum'-bat. 18. n. s. [combat, old Fr.] Contest} battle. Sidney. COMBATANT, kum'-ba-tant. n. s. He that fights with another. Milton. A champion. Locke. COMBATANT*, kum'-ba-tant. a. Disposed to quar- rel. B. Jonson. CO'MBATER*, kum'-ba-tur. n. s. He who fights. Sherwood. CO'MBER, k6 / -mur. n. s. He whose trade is to comb wool. CO'MBER*. n. s. A species of fish in Cornwall Ray. CO'MBER*. n.s. [komber, Dutch.] Burdensomeness trouble. Sir H. Warton. See Cumber. COMBI'NABLE*, kom-bi'-na-bl. a. Capable of be ing united with. Lord Chesterfield. COMBINATE, k6m / -be-nate. 91. a. Betrothed promised. Shakspeare. COMBINATION, k6m-be-na / -shfin. n. s. Union association. Sliakspeare. Union of bodies, or quali- ties. Hooker. Copulation of ideas in the mind. Locke. [In mathematicks.] The variation or altera- tion of any number of quantities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all different manners. Cliambers. To COMBPNE S, k6m-blhe / . v. a. [combiner, Fr.] To join together. Milton. To link in union. Shak. To agree ; to settle by compact. Shakspeare. To COMBFNE, k&m-blne'. v. n. To coalesce. Shak. To unite in friendship or design. Dryden. CO'MBING*, k6 / -mfng. n. s. Borrowed hair combed over the baldness of the head. Bp. Taylor. CO'MBLESS, kim'-les. a. Wanting a comb or crest. Shakspeare. COMBUSTS, kom-bfisf. [See To Collect.] «. [comburo, combustum, Lat.] A planet, not above eight degrees and a half distant from the sun, is said to be combust. Harris. COMBUSTIBILITY*, kom-b&s-te-bn'-e-te. n. s The quality of catching fire. COMBUSTIBLE, k&m-bus'-te-bl. a. Susceptible of fire. Brown. COMBUSTIBLE*, k6m-bus'-te-bl. n. s. A combus- tible material. Sir T. Herbert. COMBU'STIBLENESS, k&m-busMe-bl-nes. n. s. Aptness to take *ire. COMBUSTION, k6m-bus'-tshun. 291. n. s. [Fr.] Conflagration ; burning. Tumult ; hurry. Hooker. To COME S, kfim. v. n. pret. came, particip. come. [coman, Sax.] To remove from a distant to a near- er place. Spenser. To draw near ; to advance to- wards. Shakspeare. To move in any manner to- wards another. Sluxkspeare. To proceed j to issue. 2 Samuel. To advance from one stage or condi- tion to another. Sliakspeare. To be brought to some condition either for better or worse. Bacon. To attain anv condition. B. Jonson. To become. 208 COM COM -116, move, n6r, ndt; — tube, tub, bull; — 611; — p6find; — tli'm, THis. Shakspeare. To arrive at some act or habit. Locke. To change from one state into another desired. Bacon. To become present, and no longer future. Dryden. To become present ; no longer absent. Dryden. To happen ; to fall out. •Shakspeare. To befall as an event. Job. To follow as a consequence. Shakspeare. To cease very lately from some act or stale. 2 Samuel. — To come about. To come to pass. Shakspeare. To change ; to come round, j Bacon. To come again. To return. Judges. To come after. To follow. St. Matthew. To come at. To reach; to obtain. Addison. To come by. To obtain ; to gain. Hooker. To come in. To enter. Sltakspeare. To comply ; to yield. Spenser. To arrive at a port. Bacon. To become modish. Ros- comnum. To be an ingredient. Atterbury. To accrue from an estate, or otherwise, as gain". Suck- ling. To be gained in abundance. Shakspeare. To come in for. To be early enough to obtain. Temple. To come in to. To join with. Bacon. To comply with. Atterbury. To come near. To approach ; to resemble in excellence. B. Jonson. To come of. To proceed . as a descendant from ancesiors. Dryden. To proceed : as effects from their causes. S'lakspeare. To come off. To devi- ate ; to depart from a rule or direction. Bacon. To escape. Milton. To end an affair. Shaksyieare. To come ojffrom. To leave ; to forbear. Felton. To come o~n. To advance ; to make progress. Bo.- j con. To advance to combat. Knol/es. To thrive; to grow big - . Shakspeaie. To come over. To re- volt. Addison. To rise in distillation. Boyle. To com" out. To be made publick. Stilling fleet. To be discovered. Stillingfleet. To come out ivith. To give a vent to. BoyleT To come round. To change ; as, the wind came round. To come short. To fail ; to be deficient. Milton. To cane to. To consent or yield. Swift. To amount to. Knolles. To come to himself. To recover his senses. Temple. To come to pass. To be effected ; to fall out. Hooker. To come up. To make appearance. Bacon. To come into use ; as, a fashion comes np. To come up to. To amount to. Woodward. To rise ; to ad- vance. Shakspeare. To come up with. To over- take. To come upon. To invade. Bacon. To com". In futurity. Bacon. COME, kum. A particle of exhortation : be quick; I make no delay. Genesis. CO. ME your Ways*. Come along, or come hither. Sltakspeare. COME, kum. A particle of reconciliation, or incite- ment to it. Pope. COME, kflm. A kind of adverbial word for when it shall come ; as, come Wednesday , when Wednes- day shall come. Gay. COME, kum. n. s. A sprout ; a cant term. Mortimer. COME'DIAN, ko-me'-de-an. 293, 376. n. s. A player of comick parts. A player in general. Camden. A writer of comedies. PeacJiam. CO'MEDY$, kom'-me-de. n.s. [comoedia, Lat.] A dramatick representation of the lighter faults of mankind. Shakspeare. COMELILY*, kum'-le-le. ad. In a graceful or de- cent manner. Sherwood. CO'MELINESS, kiW-le-nes. n. s. Grace ; beauty; dignity. Sidney. CO'MELY§, kiim'-le. 165. a. [from become.] Grace- ful ; decent. Bacon. Decent; according to pro- priety*. Sluikspeare. CO'MELY, knm'-Ie. 165. ad. Handsomely; grace- fully. Ascham. Decently; with propriety. Homi- ly of Prayer. See Comelily. CO'MEIt. kiW-m&r. 93. n. s. One that comes. Shak. COMESSA'TION*, kom-es-sa'-shan. n.s. [comes- satio, Lat.] Revellins:. Bp. Hall. OOME'STIBLE*, k6-meV-te-bl. a. [comestible, Fr.] Eatable. Wotlon. CO'MET§, komMt. 99. n.s. [>p'r«.J A heavenly I body in the planetary region appearing suddenly, j and again disappearing; and, during the time of ! Its appearance, moving through its proper orbit, j like a planet. Comets, popularly called blazing! stars, are distinguished from other stars by a long train or tail of light, always opposite to the sun. Shak. COMET-LIKE*, k(W-et-like. a. Resembling a comet. Shakspeare. COME'T*, ko-meV.r.'. s. A game at cards. Southernr. CO'METARY, kdm'-me-tar-e. 512. )a. Relating COME'TICK, k6-metMk. 509. 5 to a comet. Cheync. COMETO GRAPHY*, kom-gt-fig'-ra-fe. n. s. A de- scription or treatise of comets. COMFITS, kum'-fit. 165. n.s. [from confect.] A dry sweetmeat. Hudihras. To CO'MFIT, k&m'-fft. v. a. To preserve dry with sugar. Cowley. CONFITURE, kam'-fe-tshure. 461. n.s. Sweet meat. Donne. To CO'MFORT-5, kum'-iurt. 165. v. a. [comforio, low Lat.] To strengthen; to enliven; to invigorate. Hooker. To console. Job. CO'MFORT. kum'-furt. 93. [See To Collect n. s. Support ; countenance. Bacon. Consolation. B. Jonson. That which gives consolation. Shak. CO'MFORTABLE, kiW-fur-ta-bl. a. Receiving- comfort; susceptible of. comfort; cheerful. Shak. Admitting comfort. South. Dispensing comfort Bacon. COMFORTABLENESS*, kum'-tur-ta-bl-nes. n. s. A state of comfort. Sidney. COMFORTABLY, kum'-f ur-ta-ble. ad. In a com- fortable manner; with cheerfulness. IsaiaJi. CO'MFORTER, kum'-fur-tur. n.s. One that ad- ministers consolation. Hooker. The title of the third person of the Holy Trinity. St. John. CO'MFORTFUL*, kum'-furt-lul. a. Full of com fort. Ob. T. CO'MFORTLESS, kum'-f&rt-les. a. Wanting com fort. Sidney. CO'MFORTRESS* kfim'-f flrt-res. n. s. She who administers consolation. B. Jonson. CO'MFREY, kum'-fre. n. s. [comfrie, Fr.] A plant. Miller. CO'MICAL, kom'-me-kal. a. [comicus, Lat.] Raising mirth ; merry. Dryden. Relating to comedy. Hayward. . CO'MICALLY, kom'-me-kal-le. ad. In such a man- ner as raises mirth. Burton. In a manner befitting comedy. Burton. COMICALNESS, kom'-me-kal-ne's. n. s. The quali- ty of being comical. CO'MICK £ ktmV-m'fk. a. Relating to comedy. Wal- ler. Raising mirth. Shakspeare. CO'MING, kfim'-mmg. 410. n. s. The act of coming ; approach. Milton. Stale of being come; arrival. Shakspeare. COMING-IN, kum-mlng-m'. n. s. Revenue ; income. Shak. Submission; act of yielding. Massiugcr. Introduction. 2 Mace. CO'MING, kum'-mmg. part. a. [from come!] Fond ; forward. Shak. Future; to come. Roscommon. To COMI'NGLE. See To Commingle. COMFTIAL, ko-m?sh / -al. a. [comitia, Lat. an assem- bly of the Romans.] Relating to the assemblies of the Romans. Middteton. Relating to an order of Presbvterian assemblies. Bp. Bancroft. CO'MlTY, k6m / -e-te. n. s. [comitas, Lat.] Courtesy ; civility. CO'MMA, kom'-ma. 92. ?i. s. _ [/t^a-] The point which notes the distinction of clauses, and order of construction in the sentence, marked thus [,]. Pope. A term used in theorical musick, to show the exact proportions between concords. Hams. Distinction, in a general sense. L. Addison. To COMMA'ND §, kom-mand'. 79. 7-. a. [mando, Lat.] To govern; to give orders to. Shak. To order; to direct to be done. Shak. To have in power. Gay. To overlook. Shak. To lead as a general. Shakspeare. To COMMA'ND, kom-mand'. v. »; To have the su- preme authority. South. COMMA'ND, kom-mand'. [See To Collect.] n.s. The right of commanding; power. Sliak. Cogent authority ; despotism. Locke. The act of com- 209 COM COM [CF 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;- manding; the order given. Dryden. The power of overlooking. Dryden. ftS" The propensity of the unaccented o to fall into the sound of short u is nowhere more perceptible than in the first syllables of words beginning with col, com, con, or cor, when the accent is on the second syllable. Thus the o in to collect and college ; in commend and comment ; in connect and consul ; in correct and cor- ner, cannot be considered as exactly the same in all : the o in the first word of each of these pairs, has cer- tainly a different sound from the same letter in the second ; and if we appreciate this sound, we shall find it coincide with that which is the most nearly related to it, namely, the short u. I have not, however, ventured to substitute this u : not that I think it incompatible with the most correct and solemn pronunciation, but because, where there is a possibility of reducing letters to their radical sound, without hurting the ear, this radical sound ought to be the model, and the greater or less departure from it left to the solemnity or familiari- ty of the occasion. To foreigners, however, it may not be improper to remark, that it would be always better for them to adopt the u instead of o .- this will secure them from the smallest impropriety, for natives only can seize such nice distinctions as sometimes divide even judges themselves. Mr. Sheridan was certainly of opinion, that this unaccented o might be pronounced like u, as he has so marked it in command, commence, commission, and commend, though not in commender ; and in compare, though not in comparative .- but in al- most every other word, where this o occurs, he has given it the sound it. has in constant. Mr. Scott has exactly followed Mr. Sheridan in these words, and Dr. Kenrick has uniformly marked them all with the short sound of o. Why Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott should make any difference in the first syllables of these words, where the letters and accents are exactly the same, I cannot conceive : these syllables may be called a species ; and, if the occasion were not too trifling for such a compari- son, it might be observed, that, as nature varies in indi- viduals, but is uniform in the species, so custom is sometimes various in accented syllables, which are definitely and strongly marked, but commonly more regular in unaccented syllables, by being left, as it were, to the common operation of the organs of pronunciation. — See the words Collect and Domestic k. W. COMMANDANT*, k&m-man-dant'. n. s. [Fr.] A chief commanding a place or a body of troops. Smollett. ■ V COMMANDATORY*, k6m-mand'-a-t&r-re. a. Having the full force of command. COMxMA'NDER, kSm-mln'-dfir. n.s. He that has the supreme authority. Shak. A paving beetle, or great wooden mallet. Moxon. An instrument of surgerv. Wiseman. COMMANDERY, kom-man'-dur-re. n.s. A body of the knights of Malta, belonging to the same na- tion. The residence of a body of knights. Drum- mond. COMMANDINGLY*, kSm-mand'-ing-le. ad. In a commanding manner. Hammond. COMMANDMENT, kom-mand'-ment. n. s. Men- date; command. Hooker. Authority; coactiv? power. Shak. By way of eminence, the precepts of the decalogue given by God to Moses. Exodus. | COMMANDRESS, kom-man'-dres. n. s. A woman vested with supreme authority. Hooker. CO'MMARK*, k&nV-mark. n. s. [comarqrje, Fr.] A I frontier of a countrv. Shelton. COMMATE'RIAL, k6m-ma-te'-re-al. a. Consisting of the same matter. Bacon. COMMATERIA'LITY, kom-ma-te-re-al'-e-te. n. s. I Participation of the same matter. CO'MMATISM* kom'-ma-tlzm. n. s. [from comma.-] Conciseness; briefness. Bp. HorsleTj. COMMENSURABLE*, k&m-mezh'-u-ra-bl ducible to the same measure. Walton. CO'MMELINE, kom'-me-line. 148. n, s. [commelina La!.] A plant. Miller. COMME'MORABLE, k6m-mem'-m6-ra-bl. a. Worthy to be kept in remembrance. ToCOMME'MORATEy, k6m-mem'-m6-rate. 91. v. a. [con and memoro, Lat.] To preserve the memory by some publick act. Fiddes. COMMEMORA'TION, k&m-mem-mc-ra'-shun. n. s. An act of publick celebration. Bp. Taylor COMMEMORATIVE kom-mem'-m6-ra-t3v. 157. a. a. Re- Tending to preserve memory of any thing. After bury. COMME'MORATORY*, k6m-mem'-m6-ra-tur-re. a. Preserving the memory of. Hooper. To COMMENCES, k6m-mense'. [See To Col- lect.] v. n. [commencer, Fr.] To begin. Shak. To take a new character. Pope. To take an academi- cal degree, at Cambridge. Beaumont and Fletcher To COMMENCE, kom-mense'. v. a. To begin ; as, to commence a suit. Shakspeare. COMMENCEMENT, k&m-mense'-ment. n. s. Be- J inning; date. Woodward. The first Tuesday in uly at Cambridge, when masters of arts, and doc- tors, complete their degrees. Worthington. To COMMEND y, kom-mend'. v. a. [commando, Lat.] To represent as worthy. Knolles. To deliver up with confidence. Shak. To praise. Shak. To mention by way of keeping in memory. Sliak. To produce to favourable notice. Dryden. COMMEND, kom-mgnd'. n. s. Commendation. Shakspeare. COMMENDABLE, kom'-men-da-bl, or kom-meV- da-bl. a. Laudable; worthy of praise. 55 s " This word, like acceptable, has, since Johnson wrote his dictionary, shifted its accent from the second to the first syllable. The sound of the language certainly suffers by these transitions of accent. However, when custom has once decided, we may complain, but must still acquiesce. The accent on the second syllable of this word is grown vulgar, and there needs no other reason for banishing it from polite pronunciation. W. COMMENDABLENESS*. k6m'-men-da-bl-nes, or kom-mend'-a-bl-nes. n.s. State of being commen- dable. COMMENDABLY, kom'-men-da-ble. ad. Lauda- bly. Carew. COMME 1 NDAM, kom-meV-dam. n. s. [commenaa, low Lat.] A benefice, which, being void, is com- mended to the charge and care of some sufficient clerk to be supplied until it be conveniently provided of a pastor. Cowel. Clarendon. COMMENDATARY, kom-men'-da-ta-re. 512. n. s. One who holds a living in commendam. COMMENDATION, k6m-men-da'-shun. [See To Collect.] n. s. Recommendation. Sheik. Praise. Sidney. Ground of praise. Dryden. Message of love. Shakspeare. COMMENDATORY, k&m-men'-da-t&r. n.s. He who holds a benefice in commendam ; usually with a bishoprick. Burnet. COMMENDATORY, k^m-men'-da-tur-re. 512. a. Favourably representative. Bacon. Delivering up with pious hope. Burnet. Holding in commendam. Burke. . COMMENDATORY*, k6m-men / -da-tur-re. n.s. A commendation ; eulogy. South. COMMENDER, kom-men'-dfir. n. s. Praiser. Bac. COMMENSAL §*, k&m-men'-sal.. n.s. [commensa- lis, Lat.] One that eats at the same table. Cliau- cer. Ob. T. COMMENSA'LITY, k6m-men-sal'-e-te. n.s. Fel- lowship of table. Brown. COMMENSA'TION*, kom-men-sa'-shun. n. s. Eat- ; ng at the same table. Sir T. Broun. CCMMENSURABPLITY, k6m-men-shu-ra-bil'-e- te. n. s. Capacity of being compared with another, as to the measure ; or of being measured by anoth- er. Brown. COMMENSURABLE, k&m-men'-shu-ra-bl. 452. a. Reducible to some common measure ; as a yard and a foot are measured by an inch. Pearson. COMMENSURABLENESS, k6m-men / -shu-ra-bl- nls. n. s. Proportion. Hale. To COMMENSURATE §, k&m-meV-shu-rate. 91. v. a. [con and mensura, Lat.] To reduce to some common measure. COMMENSURATE, kom-men'-sbu-rate. 91. a. Re- ducible to some common measure. Government of the Tongue. Equal. Smith. COMMENSURATELY, kSm-men'-shu-rale-le. ad. With the capacity of measuring. Holder. COMMENSURA'TION, kom-men-shu-ra'-shun. n. s. Pro ortion. 210 COM COM -n6, mdve, ndr, not;- -tube, tub, bfill ;— 6?1 ;— pound ;— sistence together with another thing. Brown. CONCOMITANT §, kon-kom'-e-tant. a. [concomi- farts, Lat.] Conjoined with; concurrent with. Bacon. CONCO'MITANT, kon-kom'-e-tant. n. s. Compan- ion ; person or thing collaterally connected. Ba- con. CONCOMITANTLY, k&n-k6m'-e-tant-le. ad. In companv with others. Pearson. To CONCO'MITATE, kdn-k&m'-e-tate. v. a. To be collaterally connected with anv thing. Harvey. CONCORD §, kong'-kurd. 408. n. s. [concordia, Lat.] Agreement ; peace ; union. Sfwk. A com- pact. Davies. Harmony. Sluzk. Principal gram- matical relation of one word to another, distinct from regimen. Locke. To CONCORD*, kon-kord'. v. n. To agree. Lord Clarendon. CONCORDANCE, k6n-k6r'-danse. 496. n.s. A- greement. A book which shows in how many texts of scripture any word occurs. Smith. A con- cord in grammar. Ascham. 55= Johnson, Sl»eridan, Ash, Scott, Nares, Perry, Bailey, Entick, W. Johnston, Buchanan, and Kenrick, all con- cur in placing the accent on the second syllable of this word in both its senses ; and every plea of distinction is trifling against all these authorities, and the dis- cordance of the accent on the first syllable. See To Bowl. W. CONCORDANCE*, kon-kcV-dan-se. n. s. Agree- ment. W. Mountain. CONCORDANT, k6n-kqV-dant. a. Agreeable; agreeing. Brown. CONCO'RDANT*, k6n-k6V-dant. n. s. That which is correspondent, or agreeing with. Mountagu. CONCORD ANTLY* kon-kSr'-dant-le. ad. In con- junction. W. Mountagu. CONCORD ATE, k6n-kcV-date. 91. n.s. A com- pact ; a convention. Swift. CONCORPORAL, kon-Br'-po-ral. a. Of the same bod v. Diet. To CONCORPORATE §, kon-kcV-p6-rate. 91. v. a. [con and corpus.] To unite in one mass. Abp. Uslier. To CONCORPORATE, k6n-kcV-po-rate. v. n. To unite into one body. Bp. Hopkins. CONCORPORA'TION, k&n-kor-p6-ra'-shun. n. s. Union in one mass. Diet. CONCOURSE, k6ng'-k6rse. 408. n. s. [concursus, Lat.] Confluence to one place. B. Jonson. Per- sons assembled. Dryden. The point of junction or intersection of two bodies. Concurrence; agree- ment. Ntncton. To CONCREA'TE*, kong-kre-ate'. v. a. [con and creo.] To create at the same time. Feltham. To CONCRE'DIT*, k&n-kred'-it. v. a. To intrust. Barroir. CONCREMA'TION, kdng-kre-ma'-sh&n. n. s. [con- cremo, Lat.] Burning many things together. Diet. CONCREMENT, kong'-kre-ment. 408. n. s. The mass formed by concretion. Hale. CONCRESCENCE, k&n-kres'-sense. n. s. Grow- ing bv the union of separate particles. Raleigh. To CONCRE'TE §, k6n-krete>. v. n. [concresco, Lat.] To coalesce into one mass. Woodward. To CONCRE'TE, kon-krete'. v. a. To form by con- cretion. Hale. CONCRETE, kon-krete'. [See Discrete.] 408. a. Formed by concretion. Burnet. [In logick.] Not abstract ; applied to a subject. Hooker. CONCRETE, kong'-krete. 408. n.s. A mass form- ed bv concretion. Bentley. CONCRETELY, kon-krete'-le. ad. In a manner including the subject with -the predicate ; not ab- stractedly. Norris. CONCRE'TENESS, kon-krete'-ngs. n. s. Coagula- tion. Diet. CONCRE'TION, kon-kre'-shun. n. s. The act of concreting. Hwris. The mass formed by a coali- tion of separate particles. Bacon. CO'NCRETIVE, kon-kre'-tlv. a. Coagulative. Brotcn. CONCRE'TURE, kon-krfe'-tshure. 461. n. s. A mass formed by coagulation. To CONCRE'W*, kon-kru'. v.n. To grow togeth- er. Spenser. Oh. T. CONCURINAGE, kon-ku'-be-naje. 91. n.s. The act of living with a woman not married. Broome. CONCURINATE* kon-ku'-be-nate. n. s. Whore- dom ; fornication. Bp. Taylor. CO'NCUBINE §, kong'-ku-bine. 408. n. s. [conculrina, Lat.] A woman kept in fornication ; a strumpet. Shak. ToCONCU'LCATE §, kon-kul'-kate. v. a. [conculco, Lat.] To tread under foot. Mountagu. CONCULCATION, kong-kul-ka'-shun. 408. n, s, Trampling with the feet. CONCURISCENCE, kon-ku'-pe-sense. 510. n.s. [concupiscentux, Lat.] Irregular desire; lust. Hooker. CONCUPISCENT $, k6n-ka'-pe-sent. a. Libidi- nous; lecherous. Shakspeare. CONCUPISCE'NTIAL, k6n-ku-pe-sen'-shal. a. Re- lating to concupiscence. CONCUPISCIBLE, k&n-kft'-pe-se-bl. a. Impress- ing desire; eager. Bryskett. To CONCURS, kon-ktV. 408. v. ri. [concurro, Lat.J To meet in one point. Temple. To agree. Swift. To be united with. South. To contribute with joint power. Collier. CONCURRENCE, kon-kiV-rense. ) n. s. Union • CONCURRENCY, k6n-kfir'-ren-se. \ association! Locke. Agreement. Hooker. Combination of many agents. Crashaiv. Assistance ; help. Rogers. Joint right; equal claim. Aylift'e. CONCURRENT, k6n-ku?-rent. a. Acting in con- junction. Davies. Conjoined; associate. Bacon. CONCURRENT, kdn-kiV-rent. n.s. A contribu- tory cause, Decay of Piety. Equal claim ; joint right. Carew. CONCURRENTLY*, kSn-kar'-rSnt-le. ad. In an agreeing manner. W. Mountagu. CONCUSS A'TION*, krm-kus-sa'-shun. n. s. A vio- lent agitation. Bp. Hall. CONCUSSED*, kbnA&si 1 . part. a. Shaken. Cocke- ram. CONCUSSIONS kon-kush'-tm. n.s. [concussio, Lat.] The act of shaking; agitation. Bacon. The slate of being shaken. Woodward. 219 CON CON [LT 559. — Fate, fir, fall, fat ; — me, m^t ; — pine, pm ; CONCLUSIVE, k&n-kfls'-siv. a. Having the power of shaking". To CONDEMNS, kon-dem'. v. a. [condemno, Lat.] To find guilty ; to doom to punishment. Sliak. To censure ; to blame. Shah. To fine. 2 Chron. To show guilt by contrast. Wisdom. CONDE'MNABLE, kSn-dem'-na-bl. a. Blamable; culpable. Brown. CONDEMNATION, kon-dem-na'-sh&n. n. s. The sentence by which any one is doomed to punish- ment. Romans. CONDEMNATORY, k&n-dem'-na-tur-e. 512. [See Domestick.] a. Passing a sentence of condem- nation, or of censure. Bp. Hall. CONDE'MNER.k&n-deW-nur. 411. n. s. Ablamer ; a censurer. Bale. CONDENSABLE, k&n-den'-sa-bl. a. That which is capable of condensation. To CONDENSATES, kon-deV-sate. 91. v.a. To condense ; to make thicker. Hammond. To CONDENSATE, k&n-deV-sate. v. n. To grow thicker. CONDENSATE, k&n-den'-sate. 91. a. Made thick; condensed. PeacJiam. CONDENSATION, kon-den-sa'-shun. n. s. The act of thickening any body. Raleigh. CONDENSATI VE*, k6n-den'-sa-uv. a. Having the power of condensating. To CONDENSER, kon-dense'. v. a. [condenso, Lat.] To make any body more thick, close, and weighty. B. Jonson. To CONDENSE, kon-deW. v.n. To grow close and weightv. Boyle. CONDENSE, k&n-dense'. a. Thick ; dense. CONDENSER, k&n-den'-sur, n. s. A strong metal- line vessel to crowd the air into a given space. Quincj. CONDENSITY, kSn-den'-se-te. n.s. Condensation ; denseness. CONDERS, kon'-durz. n.s. [conduire, Ft.] Such as stand upon high places near the sea coast, at the time of herring-fishing, to make signs to the fishers which way the shoal passes. Coivel. CONDE8CENCE*, k6n-de-sense'. n. s. Descent from superiority. Pidkr. To CONDESCEND §, kon-de-send'. v.n, [con,de- scendo, Lat.] To depart voluntarily from the priv- ileges of superiority ; to sink willingly to equal terms with inferiours. Watts. To consent to do more than mere justice can require. Dnjden. To stoop ; to bend. Milton. To agree to, or concur with. Bacon. CONDESCENDENCE, k&n-de-sen'-dense. n. s. Voluntary submission to equality with inferiours. W. Mountagu. CONDESCENDING*, kdn-de-send'-lng. n.s. Vol- untary humiliation. Hammond. CONDESCENDINGLY, k&n-de-send'-ing-le. ad. ?.;• wav of kind concession. More. CONDESCENSION. kon-de-sen'-shun. [See To Collect.] n. s. Voluntary humiliation ; descent from superiority. Tillotson. CONDESCENSIVE,kon-de-sen'-siv. a. Courteous ; not haughty. Barrow. CONDESCENT*, kSn-de-sent'. n. s. Accordance ; submission ; condescension. Bp. Hall. CONDFGNS, kon-dlne'. 385. a. [condignus, Lat.] Worthy of a person ; suitable ; deserved ; merited. Sir T. Elyot. CONDFGNLTY* k6n-d!g'-ne-te. n. s. Merit 5 desert. Mountagu. CONDI'GNLY, k&n-dlne'-le, ad. Deservedly; ac- cording to merit. Knight. CONDFGNNESS, k&n-dlne'-ncs. n. s. Suitableness to deserts. Diet. CONDIMENT, kon'-de-ment. n.s. [condimentum, Lat.] Seasoning; sauce. Bacon. CONDTSCFPLE, k&n-dfe-si'-pl. n. s. [condiscipu- lus, Lat.] A schoolfellow, or fellow disciple. Mar- tin. To CONDITE §, kdn-dhe'. r. a. [condio, Lat.] To pickle ; to preserve. Bp> Taylor. CONDITE* kdn'-dh. a. Preserved; conserved Burton. CONDITEMENT, k&n'-dlt-ment. n.s. A composi tion of conserves, in the form of an electuary. Diet. CONDITING* kon'-de-tfng. n. s. Preserving. Grew CONDITIONS, kon-dlsh'-un. n. s. [conditio, Lat. 1 Quality ; that by which any thing is denominated good or bad. Shak. Attribute; accident; proper- ty. Sbak. Natural quality of the mind ; temper. Spenser. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. Raleigh. State ; external circumstances. Shak. Rank. Shak Stipulation ; terms of compact. Clarendon. The writing of agreement ; compact; bond. Shak. To CONDITION, k6n-dish / -un. v.n. To make terms ; to stipulate. B. Jonson. To CONDITION*, kdn-dlsh'-un. v. a. To contract ; to stipulate. Raleigh. CONDITIONAL, kon-dlsh'-un-al. a. By way of stipulation; not absolute. Hooker. [In grammar and logick.] Expressing some condition or suppo- sition. Lowth. CONDITIONAL, k6n-d?sh'-un-al. n.s. A limitation. Bacon. CONDITIONA'LITY, kSn-dfsh-e-o-naF-e-te. n. s. Limitation by certain terms. Decay 0/ Piety. CONDITIONALLY, k6n-dish / -un-al-e. ad. With certain limitations. Sliakspeare. CONDITIONARY, k&n-dish'-un-a-re. a. Stipu- lated. Norris. To CONDITIONATE, k&n-dlsh'-un-ate. v. a. To qualify; to regulate. Broum. CONDITIONATE, k&n-dlsh'-un-ate. a. Establish- ed on certain terms. Hammond. CONDITIONED, k&n-dlsh'-tind. a. Having quali- ties or properties good or bad. Shakspeare. CONDITIONLY*, k&n-dish'-fin-le. ad. On particu- lar terms. Sidney. To CONDO'LE §, k&n-d&le'. v. n. [condoleo, Lat.] To lament with those that are in misfortune. Temple. To CONDO'LE, k&n-d&le'. v.a. To bewail with another. Milton. CONDO'LEMENT, k&n-d&le'-ment. n.s. Grief; sorrow ; lamentation with others. Milton. CONDOLENCE, k&n-d&'-lense. n.s. Expression of grief for the sorrows of another. Arhuthnot. CONDO'LER, k&n-d&'-lur. n.s. One that condoles. CONDOLING* k&n-d&'-llng. n.s. Expression of condolence. Bp. Hall. CONDONATION, k&n-d&-na'-shfln. n.s. [condona tio, Lat.] Pardoning ; forgiving. Mountagu. To CONDU'CE §, k&n-d&se'. v. n. [conduco, Lat. To promote an end ; to contribute. Bacon. To CONDU'CE, k&n-duse'. v.a. To conduct; to accompany in the way. Wotton. CQNDU'CEMENT* k&n-duse'-m&it. n. s. Tenden cy. Gregory. CONDU'CENT*, k&n-du'-sent. a. That whicii may contribute. Abp. Laud. CONDU'CIBLE, k&n-du'-se-bl. a. Having the power of conducing. Bacon. CONDU'CIBLENESS, kon-du'-se-bl-ngs. n. s. The quality of contributing to any end. More. CONDU'CIBLY*, kfin-da'-se-ble. ad. In a manner promoting an end. CONDU'CIVE, k&n-du'-sly. a. That which may forward or promote. Addison. CQNDU'CIVENESS, kon-diV-slv-nes. n. s. The quality of conducing. Boyle. CONDUCT §, k&n'-dukt. 492. n. s. [con and ductus, Lat.] Management.; economy. Bacon. The act of leading troops. Waller. Convoy; escort. Shak. The act of convoying or guarding. Shak. Exact behaviour ; regular life. Swift. Guide ; conductor. Shakspeare. To CONDU'CT, k&n-d5kt'. v. a. To lead ; to direct. Milton. To usher, and attend in civility. Shak. To manage ; as, to conduct an affair. Ld. Lyttelton. To head an army. Robertson. CONDUCTION* k&n-duk'-shun. n.s. The act of training up. B. Jonson. Ob. T. v 220 - CON CON — n6, mflve, nfir, not ;— tube, tub, bull ; — 611 ;— pdund ;— thin, mis. CONDUCT1TIOUS, kon-duk-tish'-us. a. [conduc- litius, Lat.] Hired ; employed for wages. Ayli/fe. CONDUCTOR, kdn-dul/-tur. 418. n. s A leader. Beaum. and Fl. A chief; a general. Shak. A manager ; a director. Addison. An instrument to direct the knife in cutting for the stone. Quincy. [In electricity.] Those substances which are capa- ble of receiving and transmitting the electrick vir- tue. Chambers. CONDUCTRESS, kdn-duk'-trgs. n. s. A woman that directs; directress. CONDUIT, kun'-dlt. 165, 341. n. s. [conduit, Fr.] A canal of pipes for the conveyance of waters; an aqueduct. Darks. The pipe or cock at which wa- ter is drawn. Shakspeare. ToCONDUTLICATES*, kdn-du'-ple-kate. v. a. [conduplico, Lat.l To double. Cockeram. CONDUPLICA'TION, k6n-du-ple-k;V-shun. n. s. A doubling; a duplicate. CONDYLE*, kon'-dil. n. s. [k6vS»\os.] [In anato- my.] A small protuberance at the extremity of a bone. CONE§, k6ne. n. s. [kuvos.] A solid body, of which the base is a circle, and which ends in a point. Milton. The fruit of the fir-tree. Erelyn. A straw- berrv so called. CONEY. See Con v. To CONFABULATE §, kon-fab'-u-late. v.n. [con- fabido, Lat.] To talk easily or carelessly together ; to chat. Bullokar. CONFABULA'TION, kon-fab-u-la'-shun. n. s. Cheerful and careless talk. Burton. CONFA'BULATORY, kon-fdb'-u-la-tur-e. 512. [See Domestick.] a. Belonging to talk or prat- tle, or in the way of dialogue. Weever. CONFAMI'LIAR*, kon-fa-mil'-yar. a. [con and fa- miliar.] Intimate ; closely connected. Glanville. CONFARREA'TION, kon-far-rM'-shun. n.s. [con- farrealio, Lat.] The solemnization of marriage by eating bread or a cake together. Ayliffe. CONFA'TED*, k6n-fa-ted. a. [con and fate.-] De- creed or determined at the same lime. Search. ToCO'NFECT§, kon-fekt'. v. a. [confectus, Lat.] To make up into sweetmeats. Browne. To compose ; to form. Sir T. Herbert. CONFECT, kon'-fSkt. 432. n. s. A sweetmeat. CONFECTION, k&n-feV-shfin. n. s. A preparation of fruit, with sugar; a sweetmeat. Shakspeare. An assemblage of different ingredients. Bacon. CONFECTIONARY, kon-fek'-sh&n-a-re. n. s. One whose trade is to make sweetmeats. 1 Samuel. A preparation of sweetmeats. Warton. CONFECTIONER, kon-fek'-shfin-ur. n.s. One whose trade is to make confections or sweetmeats. Boyle. CO'NFECTORY*, k6n / -fek-tur-e. a. Relating to the art of making confects. Beaumont. CONFEDERACY, kon-fed'-er-a-se. n. s. [confede- ration, Fr. fcedus, Lat.] A league ; a contract by which several persons engage to support each other; federal compact. Shakspeare. ^CONFEDERATES, kon-fed'-^r-ate. 91. v. a. To join in a league. Knolles. To CONFEDERATE, kon-fed'-er-ate. v. n. To league ; to unite in a league. Shakspeare. CONFE'DERATE, kon-fed'-er-ate. 91. a. United in league. Psalm, lxxxiii. CONFE'DERATE*, kon-fed'-er-ate. n. s. One who engages to support another j an ally. Sliakspeare. CONFE'DERATING* kon-fed'-er-a-lmg. n. s. Al- liance. Atlerbury. CONFEDERATION, k&n-fed-er-a'-shun. n. s. League ; alliance. Bacon. To CONFE'R $, kdn-fer'. v. n. [confero, Lat.] To discourse with another upon a stated subject ; to converse solemnly. Sliakspeare. To CONFE'R. k6n-fer / . v. a. To compare. Raleigh. To give; to bestow. Waller. To contribute; to conduce. Glanville. CONFERENCE, k&n'-fer-ense. 533. n. s. Formal discourse. Sidney. An appointed meeting for per- sonal debate. Comparison. Hooker. CONFE'RRER, k&n-fer'-fir. n. s. He that converses He that bestows. CONFERRING*, k6n-fer'-fng. n. s. Comparison ; examination. Bp. Hall. Bestowing. Clarendon. CONFE RVA*, kon-hV-va. n. *. [In botany.] Hair- weed. To CONFESS §, kon-fes'. v. a. [confiteor, confessum, Lat.l To acknowledge a crime ; to own a failure. Sliak. To disclose the stale of the conscience to the priest. Wake. To hear the confession of a penitent, as a priest. To own ; to avow. St. Matt. To grant ; not to dispute. Shak. To show ; to prove • to attest. Pope. To CONFESS, kon-fes'. v.n. To make confession; to disclose; to reveal. CO'NFESSARY*, kon'-fes-sa-re. n. s. One who makes a confession. Bp. Hail. CONFESSEDLY, kon-feV-sed-le. 364. ad. Avow- edly; indisputably. South. CONFESSION, k6n-fesh / -fin. n. s. The acknowl- edgement of a crime. Temple. The act of dis- burdening the conscience to a priest. Wake. Pro- fession ; avowal. 1 Tim. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised. Pearson. CONFESSIONAL, kon-fesh'-fin-al. ji, s. The seat or box in which the confessor sits to hear the dec- larations of his penitents. Addison. CONFESSIONARY, kin-feW-un-a-re. n. s. The same with confessional. Diet. CONFESSION ARY*, kon-fesh'-un-a-re.a. Belong- ing to auricular confession. Cotsrrare. CONFESSIONIST*. kon-fesh'-un-fo. n.s. He who makes profession of faith. Mountagu. CONFESSOR, kon'-fes-sur. n. s. One who makes profession of his faith in the face of danger. Bacon. He that hears confessions, and prescribes rules of penitence. Shak. He who confesses his crimes. Diet. Q^= Dr. Kenrick says, this word is sometimes, but im- properly, accented on the first syllable ; but it may be observed, that this impropriety is become so universal, that not one, who has the least pretension to politeness, dares to pronounce it otherwise. It is, indeed, to be re- gretted, that we are so fond of Latin originals as entire- ly to neglect our own ; for this word can now have the accent on the second syllable, only when it means one who confesses his crimes ; a sense in which it is scarcely ever used. Mr. Sheridan and Entick have the accent on the fir^t syllable of this word; Mr. Scott on the first and second ; Dr. Johnson, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, W. John- ston, Ash, Bailey, and Smith, qn the second : but, not- withstanding this weight of authority, the best usage is certainly on the other side. W. CONFEST, kdn-fesl'. a. [A poetical word for con- fessed.'] Open ; known ; acknowledged. Rowe. .95° Dr. Kenrick tells us, that this is a poetical word for confessed •. and, indeed, we frequently find it so written by Pope, and others : " This clue, thu3 found, unravels all the rest; " The prospect clears, and Clodio stands contest." But that this is a mere compliance with the prejudices of the eye, and that there is not the least necessity for departing from the common spelling, see Principles of English Pronunciation, No. 360. W. CONFESTLY, kon-fesl'-le. 364. ad. Undisputably Decay of Piety. g^p Properly, confessedly. W. CONFICIENT, kon-fish'-ent. a. [conficiens, Lat.) That causes or procures. Diet. CONFTDANT, kon-fe-dant'. n. s. A person trusted with private affairs. Arbuthnot. $5= This word, very unlike most others from the same- source, has been made to alter its French orthography, in order to approach a little nearer to the English pro- nunciation of it. Some affected speakers on the stage- pronounce the first syllable like cone, as it is marked in the first edition of Mr. Sheridan's dictionary ; and this is perfectly of a piece with the affectation which has al- tered the spelling of the last. By Dryden and South, as quoted by Dr. Johnson, we find this word spelled like the adjective confident ; and it is more than probable that its French pronunciation is but of late date ; but, so universal is its use at present, that a greater mark of rusticity cannot be given than to place the accent on the first syllable, and to pronounce the last dext instead of dant. W. 221 CON CON U 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pfa ;- ToCONFFDE§, kon-flde' [confido, Lat.] To trust in. Congreve. To CONFFDE* kon-flde'. v. a. To trust. LytteUori. CONFIDENCE, kdn'-fe-dense. n. s. Firm belief} reliance. South. Security; opposed to timidity. Shak. Vitious boldness; opposed to rrwcksty. Hooker. Consciousness of innocence; honest boldness. Uohn. CONFIDENT,' k&n'-fe-dent. a. Assured beyond doubt. Hammond. Positive ; dogmatical. Secure of success. Sidney. Without suspicion ; trusting without limits. Slink. Bold, to a vice; impudent. CONFIDENT, kon'-fe-dent. [See Confidant.] n. s. One trusted with secrets. South. CONFIDENTIAL* kon-fe-den'-shal. a. Spoken or written in confidence. Lord Chesterfield. CONFIDENTIALLY!, kon-fe-den'-shal-le. ad. In a confidential manner. CONFIDENTLY, kon'-fe-dent-le. a. Without doubt or fear of miscarriage. Shak. With firm trust. Dryden. Without appearance of doubt ; positive- ly St. Luke. CdNFIDENTNESS, k6n / -fe-dent-nes. n. s. Favour- able opinion of one's own powers ; assurance. Diet. COXFFDER* kon-fl'-dur. n. s. One who trusts. W. Mourdagu. To CONFFGURATE^, kon-fig'-u-rate. v.n. [con, and figura, Lat.] To show like the aspects of the planets towards each other. Jordan. CONFIGURATION, kon-fig-u-ra'-shun. n.s. The form of the various parts of any thing, as they are adapted to each other. Glanville. The face of the horoscope, according to the aspects of the planets towards each other at any time. Brown. To CONFFGURE, kdn-flg'-ure. v. a. To dispose into anv form. Bentley. CONFINABLE* kon-flne'-a-bl. a. That which may be limited. Bp. Hall. CONFINE §, kon'-f foe. 140, 492. n. s. [confinis, Lat.] Common boundary; border; edge. Shakspeare. §£y* Dr. Johnson tells us, that the substantive confine was formerly pronounced with the accent on the last sylla- ble. The examples, however, which he gives us from the poets, prove only that it was accented both ways. But, indeed, it is highly probable that this was the case ; for instances are numerous of the propensity of latter pronunciation to place the accent higher than former- ly ; and when, by this accentuation, a noun is distin- guished from a verb, it is supposed to have its' use. — Sc£ Bowl. W. CONFINE, kon'-flne. a. Bordering upon. To CONFINE, k6n-fW. v. n. To border upon. Mil. To CONFINE, kon-flne'. v. a. To bound ; to limit. To shut up ; to imprison. Sluxk. To restrain ; to tie up to. Brown. CONFFNELESS, k6n-flneMes. a. Boundless; with- out end. Shakspeare. CONFINEMENT, kon-ffoe'-ment. n. s. Imprison- ment; restraint of liberty. Dryden. CONFFNER, kon-fi'-nur. n. s. A borderer. ShaJc. A near neighbour. Wotton. One which touches upon two different regions. Bacon. That which restrains liberty. Whitlock. CONFFNITY, kon-fln'-e-te. n. s. Nearness ; neigh- bourhood. Diet. To CONFFRM §, k&n-fW. 108. v. a. [conjirmo, Lat.] To put past doubt by new evidence. 1 Cor. To settle ; to establish. 1 Mace. To fix ; to radicate. Wiseman. To complete ; to perfect. Sliak. To strengthen by new solemnities or ties. Swift. To strengthen in resolution. Milton. To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by imposition of hands. Hammond. CONFFRM ABLE, kon-feV-ma-bl. a. Capable of incontestable evidence. Brown. CONFIRMATION, kon-fer-ma'-shun. n. s. The act of establishing ; settlement. Sliak. Evidence; ad- ditional proof Shak. Proof; convincing testimo- ny. Brown. An ecclesiastical rite. Hammond. CONFFRMATPVE*, kon-fi¥-ma-t?v. 'a. Having power to confirm. Sherwood. CONFIRM ATOR, kon-filr-ma'-t&r. n.s. An attes- tor ; that puts a matter past doubt. Broivn. CONFIRMATORY, k6n-ferm / -a-t&r-e. 512. [See Domestick.] a. Giving additional testimony. Bp Barlow. Relating to the rite of confirmation. Bp Compton. CONFFRMEDNESS, kdn-fernV-ed-ness. n. s. Con- firmed state. Decay of Piety. QCr' This word ought to be added to those taken notice of Principles No. 365. W. CONFFRMER, k&n-ferm'-fir. n. s. One that con- firms, or produces evidence or strength. Shak. CONFFRMINGLY*, k&n-ferm'-lng-le. ad. In a cor- roborative manner. B. Jonson. CONFFSCABLE, k6n-f1s'-ka-bl. a. Liable to for- feiture. To CONFISCATES, k&n-fls'-kate. v. a. [conf scare, from fiscus.~] To transfer private property to the prince or publick, by way of penalty for an of- fence. Bacon. CONFISCATE, k&n-fls'-kate. a. Transferred to the publick as forfeit. SJiakspeare. £3= Dr. Kenrick blames Dr. Johnson for accenting this word on the second syllable, when the example he brings from Shakspeare accents it on the first ; but it may be observed, that, as the verb ought to have the ac- cent on the second syllable, the adjective, which is de- rived from it, ought to have the accent on the same syl- lable likewise ; and the example from Shakspeare must be looked upon as a poetical license. TV. CONFISCATION, kon-fls-ka'-shun. n.s. Transfer- ring the forfeited goods of criminals to publick use. Ezra. CONFISCATORY kon'-fls-ka-t&r. n. s. One who is concerned in confiscated property. Burke. CONFISCATORY*, kon-fis'-ka-tfir-e. a. Consign- ing to forfeiture. Burke. CONFIT*, kon'-flt. n. s. [confetto, Ital.] Any sweet- meat or confection. Beaumont and Fletcher. CONFITENT, k&n'-fe-tent. n. s. [confitens, Lat.] One who confesses his faults. Decay of Piety. CONFITURE, kon'-fe-tshure. 461. n. s. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; a comfit. Bacon. ToCONFFXS, kon-flks'. v. a. [confgo, confixvm, Lat.] To fix down ; to fasten. Shakspeare. CONFFXURE*, kon-ffks'-ure. n.s. The act of fas- tening. W. Mountagu. CONFLA'GRANT §, k&n-fla'-grant. a. [confagrans Lat.] Burning together; involved in a general fire. Milton. CONFLAGRATION, k&n-fla-gra'-shfin. n.s. A General fire. Brown. It is generally taken for the re which shall consume this world at the consum- mation of things. CONFLATION, kon-fla'-shfin. n. s. [conflatum, Lat.] The act of blowing many instruments together. Ba- con. Castingor melting of metal. CQNFLEXURE, kon-flek'-shure. 452. n.s. [con- flexura, Lat.] A bending or turning. To CONFLFCT §, k&n-fllkt'. v. n. [configo, Lat.] To strive; to contest; to fight. Shakspeare. CONFLICT, kon'-fllkt. 492. n. s. A violent collision of two substances. Boyle. A combat. Spenser. Contest; strife. ShaJc. Struggle; agony; pang. Hooker. CONFLUENCE, kon'-fiu-ense. n. s. The junction or union of several streams. Raleigh. The act of crowding to a place. Shak. A concourse. Temple Collection ; concurrence. Boyle. CONFLUENTS, kon'-fiu-ent. a. [confuens, Lat.] Running one into another ; meeting. Blackmoi-e. CONFLUX, kon'-fluks. n.s. The union of several currents. SJiakspeare. Crowd. Milton. CONFORM, k&n-form'. a. Assuming the same form. Bacon. To CONFORMS, k&n-form'. v. a. [conformo, Lat.j To reduce to the like appearance, shape, or man- ner. Sidney. To CONFORM, ken-form', v. n. To comply with ; to yield. Dryden. CONFORMABLE, k&n-fiV-ma-bl. a. Having the same form. Hooker. Agreeable ; suitable ; con sistent. Addison. Compliant ; ready to follow di- rections. Shakspeare. CONFORMABLY, k&n-f&r'-ma-ble. ad. With con- formitv; agreeably; suitablv. Locke. 222 CON CON -116, move, n6r. not 3— tube, tub, bujl ;— oil ;— pdiind ;— th'm, THis. CONFORMATION, kftn-fOr-ma'-shnn. n. s. The form of things as relating to each other. Holder. Producing suitableness, or conformity. TV \itts. CONFORMER*, k6n-f6rm'-ur. n.s. One that con- forms to an established doctrine. Mountain. CONFORMIST, kon-for'-mist. n. s. One that com- plies with the worship of the church of England. Scott. One who submits or yields. CONFORMITY, kdn-ftV-me-te. n. s. Similitude ; resemblance. Hooker. Consistency. Arbuthnot. CONFORTATION, kdn-(Or-uV-shun. n. s. [conforto, low Lat.JCollation of strength} corroboration. Bacon. To CONFO UND $, k&n-found'. v.a. [confundo, Lat.] To mingle things so that their several forms can- not be discerned. Gen. To perplex 5 to compare without due distinction. Boyle. To disturb the ap- prehension by indistinct words or notions. Locke. To throw into consternation 5 to astonish ; to stupify. Milton. To destrov } to overthrow. Sliakspeare. CONFOUNDED, k'dn-foun'-ded. fart. a. Hateful ; detestable ; enormous : a cant word. Grew. CONFOUNDEDLY, kon-fdun'-ded-le. ad. Hate- fully} shamefully : a low word. Addison. CONFO CNDEDNESS*, kon-fotW-ded-nes. re. s. State of being confounded. Milton. CONFO UNDER, k6n-fdun / -dur. n. s. He who dis- turbs, perplexes, terrifies, or destroys. B. Jonson. He who mentions things without due distinction. Dean Martin. CONFRATERNITY, kon-fra-teV-ne-te. n. s. [con and frafernitas, Lat.] A brotherhood } a body of men united for some purpose. Stilfoia fleet. CONFRFER*, kon-frl'-ur. re. s. {confrere, Fr.] One of the same religious order. Weever. CONFRICA'TION, kon-fre-ka'-slmn. n. s. [con and frico, Lat.] The act of rubbing against any thing. Bacon. To CONFRONT §, k&n-front'. v. a. [confronter, Fr.] To stand against another in full view ; to face. Dryden. To stand face to face, in opposition. Hooker. To oppose one evidence to another in court. Sidney. To compare one thing with anoth- er. Addison. T^j= In colloquial pronunciation this word has its last syllable sounded like the last of affront, but the second syllable of confrontation ought never to be so pronoun- ced. W. CONFRONTATION, k&n-fron-uV-shun. re. s. [Fr.] The act of bringing two evidences face to face. Swin. To CONFU'SE §, kon-fuze'. v.a, [confusus, Lat.] To disorder ; to disperse irregularly. Milton. To mix, not separate. Milton. To perplex, not distinguish. Watts. To hurry the mind. Pope. CONFU'SE*, k&n-luse'. a. Mixed; confounded. Bar- ret. CONFUSEDLY, kon-fiY-zed-le. 364. a. In a mixed mass. Raleigh. Indistinctly. Denham. Not clear- ly; not plainly. Clarendon. Tumultously } hasti- ly ; not deliberately. Dryden. CONFU'SEDNESS, kon-fiV-zed-nes. 365. re. s. Want of distinctness. Carew. CONFU'SELY*, kon-fuse'-le. ad. Obscurely. Barret. CONFU'SION, k&n-fiV-zhnn. n.s. Irregular mix- ture. Daries. Tumult; disorder. Hooker. Indis- tinct combination. Locke. Overthrow; destruction. Shak. Astonishment; distraction of mind. Spectator. CONFUTABLE, kon-fiV-ta-bl. a. Possible to be disproved. Brown. CO'NFUTANT*, kon'-fii-tant. re. s. One who un- dertakes to confute another. Milton. CONFUTATION, k&n-fu-uV-shun. n. s. The act of confuting ; disproof. Hudibras. To CONFUTE §, kon-fute'. v. a. [confuto, Lat.] To cojavict of errour. or falsehood ; to disprove. Huaibr. CONFUTEMENT* kon-fute'-ment. n.s. Disproof. Milton. CONFUTER*, kon-fiV-tur. n. s. One who convicts another of mistake. Bp. Morton. CONGE §, Lor CONGEEf,] k6n-jee'. re. s. [conge 1 , Fr. Our word is often written congie.] Act of rever- ence ; bow ; courtesy. Burton. Leave ; farewell. Spenser. To CONGE, [or CONGEEf,] kdn-jee 7 . v. n. To take leave. Sliakspeare. CVNGED'ELIRE, k&n-je-de-leer'. [Fr.] The king's permission royal to a dean and chapter, to choose a bishop. Cowel CO'NGE, k6n'-je. re. s. A moulding in form of a quarter round, or a cavetto. Chambers. To CONGEALS, k6n-jeel'. v. a. [congeb, Lat.] To turn, by frost, from a fluid to a solid state. Spenser. To bind or fix, as by cold. Sliakspeare. To CONGE'AL, 'kon-jeel'. v. re. To concrete 5 to gather into a mass by cold. Bacon. CONCEALMENT, kon-ieel'-ment. re. *. The clot formed by congelation. Sliakspeare. CONGE'LABLE, [or CONGEALABLEf,] kon- jeel'-a-bl. a. Susceptible of congelation. Bacon. CONGELATION, kon-je-la'-sh&n. n.s. Act of turn- ing fluids to solids, by cold. Arbuthnot. State of being congealed. Broun. CON GEMINATION*, kon-jem-e-na'-shun.re.s. [old Fr.] A doubling, or often repeating. Cotgrave. CONGENER, k6n / -je-nur. 98. n.s. [Lat.] Of the same kind or nature. Miller. CONGE'NERACY*, kon-jen'-er-ra-se. re.*. Similar- ity of origin. More. CONGENEROUS, kon-jen'-er-rus. a. Of the same , kind. Brown. CONGE'NEROUSNESS, k6n-j£n'-er-rfis-nes. re. s. The quality of being from the same original. Diet. CONGE'NTAL^, kon-je'-ne-al. a. [con and genus, Lat.] Partaking of the same genius } kindred ; cog- nate. Wotton. CONGENIALITY, kon-je-ne-al'-e-te. re. s. Partici- pation of the same genius or nature. Wotton. CONGE'NIALNESS, kon-je'-ne-al-nes. re. s. Cog- nation. CONGE'JSIOUS* kon-je'-ne-us. a. Of the same kind. Hales. Ob. T. CONGE'NTTE, kon-jen'-nlt. 140, 154. a. Of the same birth ; born with another ; connate. Hale. CONGER, kong'-gur. 409. n.s. [congrus, Lat.] The sea-eel. Walton. CONGE'REES, kon-j^-re-ez, re. s. [Lat.] A mass of small bodies heaped up together. Peacham. To CONGE'ST §, kon-jest'. v. a. [congero, conges- tum, Lat.] To heap up ; to gather together. Ra- leigh. CONGE'STIBLE, kon-jest'-e-bl. a. That may be heaped up. Diet. CONGESTION, kon-jest'-yfin. 464. re. s. A collec- tion of matter, as in abscesses and tumours. Wise- man. A gathering together ; formation of a mass. Selden. CONGIARY, kon'-je-a-re. re. s. [congiarium, Lat.] A gift distributed to the Roman people or soldiery, originally in corn, afterward in money. Addison. To CONGLA'CIATE $, kon-gla'-she-ate. 461. v. re. [conglaciatus, Lat.] To turn to ice. Brown. CONGLACIATION, k&n-gla-she-a'-shun.4C8. re. tr. The state of being changed into ice. Brown. To CO'NGLOBATE§,k&n-gl6'-bate. v.a. [conglo- batus, Lat.] To gather into a hard, firm ball. Grew. CO'NGLOBATE.k6n-gl6'-bate. 91. a. Moulded into a firm ball. Dryden. CO'NGLOBATELY, kdn-gloMjale-le. ad. In a spherical form. Diet. CONGLOBATION, kon-glo-ba'-shun. 408. n.s. Collection into a round mass. Brown. To CONGLO BE, kon-gl6be'. v. a. To gather into a round mass. Milton. To CONGLOBE, kon-glc.be'. v. re. To coalesce into a round mass. Milton. To CONGLOBULATE*, kon-glob'-A-late. v.n. To gather together into a little round mass. Johnsor:. To CONGLOMERATE §, kon-glom'-er-ate. SI. v. a. [conglomero, Lat.J To gather into a ball, like a ball of thread ; to inweave into a round mass. Grew. CONGLOMERATE, k6n-gl6m'-er-ate. 91. a. Gath- ered into a round ball. Clieyne. Collected ; twist ed together. Bacon. CONGLOMERATION, k6n-gl&m-er-a'-shun. re.*. 223 CON CON ID" 559.— Fate, fir, fS.Il, fat ;— me, m& 3— pine, phi Collection into a loose ball. Intertexture; mixture. Bacon. To CONGLU'TINATE §, k6n-glu'-te-nate. v. a. [conglutino, Lat.] To cement ; to reunite. Pearson. To CONGLU'TINATE, k6n-glu / -te-nate. v. n. To coalesce. CONGLU'TINATE*, k6n-glu' te-nate. a. Joined together. Sir T. Elyot. CONGLUTINATION, kon-glu-te-na'-sh&n. n. s. The act of uniting 1 wounded .bodies ; reunion ; healing - . Bacon. Simply, junction ; union. Bacon. CONGLU'TINATIVE, kon-glu'-te-na-tlv. 91. a. Having the power of uniting wounds. CONGLU'TINaTOR, kon-glu'-te-na-tfir. 520, 166. n. s. That which has the power of uniting wounds. Woodward. CONGRATULANT, k6n-gratsh'-u-lant. 461. a. Rejoicing in participation. Milton. To CONGRATULATES, k6n-gratsh'-u-late. 461. v. a. [gratulor, Lat.] To compliment upon any happy event. 1 Chron. To CONGRATULATE, k&n-gratsh'-u-late. 461. v. n. To rejoice in participation. Swift. CONGRATULATION, k6n-gratsh-u-la'-shun. 462. n. s. Professing joy for (he happiness or success of another. Bp. Hall. The form in which joy for the happiness of another is expressed. CONGRATULATORY k&n-gratsh'-u-la-tur. n. s. He who offers congratulation. Milton. CONGRATULATORY, k6n-gratsh'-u-la-tur-e. 512. a. Expressing joy for the good fortune of an- other. Hoivell. To CONGRE'E, kon-gree'. v.n. [gre, Fr.] To agree; to accord. Shalcspeare. Ob. J. To CONGRE'ET, kon-greet'. v. n. To salute re- ciprocally. Shalcspeare. Ob. J. To CONGREGATES, k6ng'-gre-gate. 408. v. a. [congrego, Lat.] To collect together 5 to assemble. Hooker. To CONGREGATE, k6ng'-gre-gate. v. n. To as- semble ; to meet. Shakspeare. CONGREGATE, k6ng'-gre-gate. 91. a. Collected; compact. Spenser. CONGREGATION, k6ng-gre-ga'-shun. 408. n. s. The act of collecting. Bacon. A collection. SJiak. An assembly met to worship God in publick, and hear doctrine. Hooker. A distinct academical as- sembly, by which particular business of the uni- versity is transacted. Le Neve. CONGREGATIONAL, k6ng-gre-ga'-shun-nul. 88. a. Pertaining to a congregation or assembly of such Christians as hold every congregation to be a separate and independent church. Abp. Sancroft. Publick; general; respecting the congregation. Warton. CONGRESS §, k&ng'-grgs. 408. n. s. [congressus, Lat.] A meeting; a shock; a conflict. Dryden. A meeting of ceremony; an introduction to others. Sir K. Digby. A meeting for settlement of affairs between different nations. A coming together, in a sexual meaning. Pennant. CONGRE'SSION*, kSn-grgsh'-fin. n.s. Company; an assembly, or meeting together. Cotgrave. CONGRE'SSIVE, k6n-greV-slv. a. Meeting ; en- countering ; coming together. Brown. ToCONGRU'E^kdn-gru'. v.n. [congruo, Lat.] To agree ; to suit. Shakspeare. Ob. J. CONGRUENCE, k6ng'-gru-^nse. 408. n. s. Agree- ment ; consistency. Sir T. Elyot. CONGRUENCY*, kong'-gru-en-se. n. s. Agree- ment. More. CONGRUENT, k&ng/-gru-ent. a. Agreeing; cor- respondent. Sir J. Daiies. CONGRUMENT, kc-ng'-gru-mSnt. n.s. Fitness; adaptation. Ob. J. CONGRU ITY, k6n-gru'-e-te. 408. n. s. Suitable- ness; agreeableness. Glanville. Fitness; perti- nence. Sidney. Consequence of argument ; reason. Hooker. [In theology.] A merit of congruity is ascribed to such works as a man does by the mere strength of free-will. CONGRUOUS, k&ng'-gru-fis. a. Agreeable to; consistent with. Mountagu. Suitable to. Smith. Rational; fit. Gregory. CONGRUOUSLY, k6ng'-gru-6s-le. ad. Suitably; consistently. Bp. Barlow. CONICAL, k&n'-e-kal. ) 509. a. Having the form CONICK, kon'-ik. \ of a cone. Prior. {t^f* The in the first syllable of this word is pronounced short, though it is long in its primitive, cone, if we may be allowed to call cone its primitive, and not the Latin conus and Greek kuvos ', in both which the is long: but conus, or kovik6s, whence the learned oblige us to derive our conick or conical, have the as short as in the English words, and serve to corroborate the opinion of Bishop Hare with respect to the shortening power of the Latin antepenultimate accent. 537. TV. CONIC ALLY, k6n'-e-kal-le. ad. In form of a cone. Boyle. CONIC ALNESS, kon'-e-kal-ne's. n.s. The state or quality of being conical. CONICK Sections, kon'-ik-sek'-shunz. ) n. s. That CON1CKS, k6n'-fks. $ part of ge- ometry which considers the cone, and the curves arising' from its sections. Bp. Berkeley. CONIFEROUS, ko-nif'-e-rfis. a. Such trees as bear a fruit of a figure approaching to a cone. Sir T. Brown. CONISOR. See Cognisor. To CONJE'CT^kon-j&ct'. v.n. {conjeclvm, Lat.] To guess; to conjecture. Slmkspeare. Ob. J. To CONJE'CT* kon-jgkt'. v. a. To cast together; to throw. Mountagu. CONJECTOR, k6n-jgk'-tur. 166. n.s. Aguesser; a conjecturer. Milton. CONJE'CTURABLE, kon-jeV-tshu-ra-bl. 461. a. Possible to be guessed. CONJECTURAL, k&n-jeV-tshu-ral. a. Depending on conjecture. Sliakspeare. CONJECTURALITY, k6n-jek-tshu-ral'-e-te. n. s. That which depends upon guess. Brown. CONJE'CTURALLY, kon-jeV-tshu-ral-le. ad. By guess. Hooker. CONJE'CTURE §, k6n-j£k'-tshure. 461. n. s. [con- jectura, Lat.] Guess; imperfect knowledge ; opin- ion without proof. South. Idea ; notion. Shale. To CONJECTURE, kon-jgk'-tshure. v. a. To judge by guess. South. CONJE'CTURER, k6n-j£k'-tshar-ur. n. s. A guess- er; one who forms opinion without proof. Brown. To CONJO'BBLE, k6n-job'-bl. v.. a. [con and job- bernol.'] To concert; to settle. A cant word. V Estrange. To CONJO'IN §, k6n-jom'. v. a. [conjoindre, Fr.] To unite. Drayton. To unite in marriage. Shak. To associate; to connect. Brown. To CONJOIN, k&n-j6fn'. v. n. To league; to unite. Shakspeare. CONJOINT, k6n-jdmt'. a. United. CONJOINTLY, kSn-j61nt'-le. ad. In union; togeth- er. Brown. CONJUGAL $, k6n'-ju-gal. a. Matrimonial. Dryden. CONJUGALLY, kon'-Ju-gal-le. ad. Matrimonially. Bp. Hall. To CONJUGATE, k6n'-ju-gate. 91. v. a. [conjugo, Lat.l To join; to join in marriage. Wotton. To decline verbs through their various terminations. White. CONJUGATE, k&n'-ju-gate. n. s. Agreeing in de- rivation with another word, and therefore general- ly resembling in signification. Bp. Bramliall. CONJUGATE Diameter or Axis. A right line, bi- secting the transverse diameter. Cliambers. CONJUGATION, kon-ju-ga'-shfin. n. s. A couple ; a pair. Brown. The act of uniting things togeth- er. Bacon. The form of inflecting verbs. Locke* Union; assemblage. Bp. Taybr. CONJUNCT $, k6n-junkt'. a. [conjunctus, Lat.] Con- joined ; concurrent ; united. Shakspeare. CONJUNCTION, k&n-junk'-shun. n.s. Union. SJiak. The congress of two planets in the same degree of the zodiack. Raleigh. A word made use of to connect the clauses of a period together, and to signify their relation to one another. Clarke. a J 224 CON CON -n6, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tub, bull ;— 6?1 ; — pdund ;— tin CONJUNCTIVE, kon-jank/-tiv. a. Closely united. Thomson. [In grammar.] The mood of* a verb, used subsequently to a conjunction. Connecting together, as a conjunction. Harris. I'nited; not apart. Johnson. COSWNCTIYELY,k6n-junk'-tiv-le. ad. In union. Brown. CONJUNCTIVENESS, k&ii-jonk'-tiv-nes. n.s. The quality of joining. CON.JU NCTLY, kdn-j&nkl'-le. ad. Jointly. CONJUNCTURE, k&n-j&nk'-tshure. n.s. Combina- tion of many circumstances, or causes. A'. Cluxrles. Occasion ; critical time. Clarendon. Mode of union. Holder. Consistency. K. Cliarles. CONJURATION, kdn-ji-ra ; -sliun. n. s. Summoning another in some sacred name. Sluik. A magical form of words; an incantation. Sidney. A plot ; a conspiracy. Sir W. Ashton. Earnest entreaty. Hey wood. To 0ONJU'RE§, kdn-jure'. v.a. [conjuro, Lat.] To summon in a sacred name; to enjoin with the highest solemnity. Shak. To bind many by an oath to some common design. Milton. To influence by masfick ; to charm. Shakspeare. To CONJURE, ktV-jur. 495. v.n, To enchant. Shakspenre. To enter into conspiracy. Spenser. CONJURER, kon'-jur-fir. 165. n. s. An enchanter. Sliak. An impostor who pretends to secret arts. Prior. By way of irony : a man of shrewd con- jecfire. Addison. CONJU'REMENT, kon-jure'-ment. n.s. Serious injunction. Milton. CONNASCENCE$, kdn-nas'-sense. 7i.s. [con and wscor, Lat.] Common birth. Being produced to- gether with another being. Brown. Uniting or growing together. Wiseman. CONNA'TE, kon-nate 7 . 91. a. [con and nidus-. Lat.] Born with another; of the same birth. South. CONNATURAL?, kon-natsh'-u-ral. 461. a. United with the being; connected by nature. Davies. Participant of the same nature. Milton. CONNATURA'LITY, kon-natsh-u-raK-e-te. 462. n.s. Participation of the same nature. Hale. To CONN A'TUR ALIZE* kon-natsh'-u-ral-lze. v. a. To connect by nature; to make natural. Scott. CONNA'TURALLY, kon-natsh'-u-ral-le. ad. In co- existence with nature; originally. Hale. CONNA/TURALNESS, kon-natsh'-u-ral-nes. n.s. Partici|)ation of the same nature. Pearson. To CONNE'CT 6, kon-nekt'. v.a. [connecto, Lat.] To join ; to link. Boijle. To unite as a cement. Locke. To join in a just series of thought : as, the author connects his reasons well. To CONNECT, kon-nekl'. r. n. To cohere. CONNECTIVE*, kou-nek'-tlv.a. Having the power of connecting. Harris. CONNECTIVE*, k&n-neV-tfv. n.s. A conjunction. Harris. CONNE'CTIVELY, kon-neV-tfv-le. ad. In con- junction. Swift. ToCONNE'XS, kon-neks'. v.a. [connexum, Lat.] To join or link together. Hale. CONNF/XION, kon-neV-sh&n. n. s. Union ; junc- tion. Milton. Just relation to some thing prece- dent or subsequent. Hale. CONNE'XIVE, kon-neks'-lv. a. Conjunctive. Watts. CONNICTA'TION, kon-nlk-ta'-shun. n. s. [connic- lo, Lat.] A winking. Diet. CONNI'VANCE, kon-nl'-vanse. n. s. The act of winking. Voluntary blindness; pretended igno- rance; forbearance. Bacon. To CONNTVE§,k6n-nlve'. v. n. [conniveo, Lat.J To wink. Spectator. To pretend blindness or igno- rance : to forbear; to pass uncensured. Beaumont and Fletcher. CONNT'VENCY*, kon-nl'-ven-se. n.s. Pretended ignorance; forbearance. Bacon. CONNI'VENT*, kftn-nl'-v&it. a. Dormant ; not at- tentive. Milton. CONNTVER*, kftn-ni'-vfir. n. s. One who pretends blindness ; who passes wickedness uncensured. Junius. 29 CONNOISSEUR, ko-nfej-sW. [kon-nis-si'.re', Perry and Jones : k&n-nis-soor', Sheridan.] n. s. [Fr.] A judge; a critick- Swift. j {J5" This word is perfectly French, and, though in very I general use, is not naturalized. The pronunciation of 1 it given here is but a very awkward one ; but, perhaps, as good a one as we have letters in our language to ex- j press it ; for the French eu is not to he found among 1 any of our English vowel or diphthongal sounds. W. i CONNOISSF/URSHIP*, k6-n£s-sure'-ship. n. s. ! The skill of a connoisseur. j To CONNOTATES, kdn'-no-iate. v.a. [con and i nota, Lat.] To designate something besides itself; j to imply. Hammond. CONNOTA'TION, kon-no-ta'-shun. n.s. Inference , illation. Hale. To CONNO'TE, kdn-ndte'. v.a. To imply; to be- token. South. CONNU'BIAL, kon-mV-be-al. a. Matrimonial. Pope. CONNUMERA'TION*, kon-na-mer-a'-shun. n.s. A reckoning together. Porson. CO'NNY* feon'-ne\ a. Brave ; fine. Grose. CONOID §. kA'-ndid. n.s. [Kwvoao^j.] Approach- ing to the form of a cone. Holder. CONOI'DICAL, k6-nS5'-de-kal. a. Approaching to a conick form. To CONQUA'SSATE §, kon-kwas'-sate. v. a. [con- qnasso. Lat] To shake; to agitate. Harvey. Oh. J. CONQUASSA'TION, k&ng-kwas-sa'-shfin. 408. n. s. Agitation ; concussion. To CONQUER ^kongk'-ur, or kong'-kwur. 415. v. a. [conquirere, Lat.] To gain by conquest. 1 Mace. To overcome ; to subdue. Shakspeare. gj- Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, and W. Johnston, have adopted the first pronunciation of this word ; but, as it is a wanton departure from our own analogy to that of the French, and is a much harsher sound than the second, it were to be wished it could be reclaimed ; but, as it is in full possession of the stage, there is but little hope of a change. W. To CONQUER, kdngk'-ur. v. n. To overcome. Shakspeare. CONQUERABLE, kongk'-ur-a-bl. a. Possible to be overcome. CONQUERABLENESS* kAngk'-ur-a-bl-nes. n.s. Possibility of being overcome. CONQUERESS*, kongk'-ur-£s. n.s. She who con- quers. Fairfax. CONQUEROR, kongk'-flr-ur. 415. n.s. A man that has obtained a victory. Sliak. One that subdues and ruins countries. Milton. CONQUEST, kong'-kwest. 408, 415. n.s. [con- cpert, Sax.] The act of conquering. Davies. Ac- quisition by victory. Milton. Victory; success in arms. Shak. [Infeodal law.l Purchase. Blackstone. CONSANGUINEOUS $, kdn-sang-gwln'-ne-Qs. a. [consanguineus, Lat.] Near of kin ; of the same blood. Shakspeare. CONSANGUINITY, kon-sang-gwin'-e-te. Ms. Re- lation by blood. Shakspeare. CONSARCIN ACTION, k&n-slr-sc-na'-shun. n.s. [consarcino, Lat.] The act of patching together. Dictionary. CONSCIENCE §, k6n'-sh&ise.3ff7. n. s. [conscientia, Lat.] The faculty by which w r e judge of the good- ness or wickedness of ourselves. Justice ; the es- timate of conscience. 1 Pet. ii. Consciousness; knowledge of our own thoughts or actions. Bacon Real sentiment ; veracity. Shakspeare. Scruple , principle of action. Bp. Taylor. Reason; reason- ableness. Shakspeare. Knowledge of the actions of others. B. Jonson. CONSCBENCED*, kdn'-shenst. a. Having con- science. South. CONSCIENT*, kon'-shent. a. Conscious. Bacon. CONSCIENTIOUS, kon : she-en'-shus. a. Scrupu- lous; regulated by conscience. L' Estrange. Con- scious. Wlutlock. £c5= From an ignorance of the principles of pronunciation, we not unfrequently hear the second syllable of this word sounded se, without the aspiration ; but this is the same incorrec.ness we sometimes hoar in the word pronunciation, which see. W. 225 CON CON ILT 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat;— me, mel;— pine, pfn;- ry. Dryden. Admitted to the knowledge of ling. Dryden. Bearing witness by the dic- CONSCIENTIOUSLY, k&n-she-fn'-sh&s-le. ad. According to the direction of conscience. South. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, k&n-she-en'-sh&s-nes. n. s. Tenderness of conscience. Locke. CONSCIONABLE, k6n'-shfin-a-bl. a. Reasonable; according to conscience. Shakspeare. CONSCIONABLENESS, kon'-shfin-a-bl-nes. n.s. Equity; reasonableness. Dictionary. CON8CIONABLY, kdn'-sh&n-a-ble. ad. Reasona- bly; justly. Bp. Taylor. CO'NSCIOUS, k&n'-shfis. 357. a. [conscius, Lat.] ' Endowed with the power of knowing one's own thoughts and actions. Bentley. Knowing from inemor any thin tate of conscience. Clarendon. CONSCIOUSLY, kon'-shus-le. ad. With knowledge of one's own actions. Locke. CONSCIOUSNESS, kon'-shfis-nes. n. s. The per- ception of what passes in a man's own mind. Locke. Internal sense of guilt or innocence. Locke. CONSCRIPT §, k6n'-skr?pt. a. [conscnbo, Lat.] A term used in speaking of the Roman senators, who were called paf.res conscripti, from their names be- ing written in the register of the senate. B. Jonson. CONSCRIPT*, k&n'-skrlpt. n.s. One enrolled to serve i in the army; more particularly applied to the recruits of the French armies. CONSCRFPTION, kon-skrfp'-shun. n. s. An enrol- ling or registering. To CONSECRATES, kon'-se-krate. y.a. [ccnsecro, Lat.] To make sacred ; to appropriate to sacred uses. Hebrews. To dedicate to some particular purpose. Numbers. To canonize. CONSECRATE, kon'-se-krate. 91. a. Consecrated; sacred; devoted. Sluikspeare. CONSECRATION, kon-se-kra'-shun. n. s. A rite of dedicating things or persons to the service of God. Ayliffe. Declaring one holy by canoniza- tion. Hale. CONSECRATOR, or CONSECRATER, kon'-se- kra-tur. n. s. One that performs the rites of conse- cration. CONSECRATORY*, k&n'-se-kra-t&r-re. a. Making sacred. Bp. Morton. CONSECTARY§, k&n'-sek-ta-re. a. [consectarius, Lat.] Consequent; following by consequence. Brown. CONSECTARY, kon'-sek-ta-re. 512. n. s. Deduc- tion from premises. Hales. CONSECUTION, kon-se-ku'-shun. n.s. [consecu- lio, Lat.] Train of consequences ; chain of deduc- tions. Hale. Succession. [In astronomy.] The month of consecution is the space between one con- junction of the moon with the sun unto another. Brown. CONSE'CUTIVE^k&n-sek'-ku-tlv. a. [consecrdif Fr.] Following in train. Arbuthnot. Consequen- tial ; regularly succeeding. Locke. CONSECUTIVELY, k6n-sek / -u-tiv-le. ad. A term used in the school philosophy, in opposition to an- tecedently, and sometimes to effectively or caus- ally. Diet. To CONSE'MINATE, k&n-sem'-e-nate. v. a. [con- semino, Lat.] To sow different seeds together. Diet. CONSENSION, k&n-sen'-shfin. n. s. Agreement. Bentley. CONSENTS kon-sent'. n s. [consensus, Lat.] The act of yielding or consenting. Dryden. Concord ; agreement. Cowley. Coherence with. Milton. Joint operation. Pope. [In physick.] The perception one part has of another, by means of some fibres and nerves common to them both. Quincy. To CONSENT, kon-sent'. v. n. To be of the same mind. Milton. To co-operate to the same end. To yield ; to give consent. Shakspeare. CONSENTANEOUS, k&n-sen-ta'-ne-fis. a. Agree- able to; consistent with. Brown. CONSENTANEOUSLY, k&n-sen-ta'-ne-us-le. ad. Agreeablv; consistently. Boyle. CONSENTANEOUSNESS^&n-sen-ta'-ne-fis-nes. n. s. Agreement ; consistence. Diet. He that con- k6n-sent / -fir. kon-sen'-she-ent. a. Agreeing. CONSENTER*, senteth. Hale. CONSENTIENT, Pearson. CONSEQUENCE §, kon'-se-kwense. n. s. [conse- quentia, Lat.] That which follows from any cause. Event; effect of a cause. Shakspeare. Deduction; conclusion. Decay of Piety. The last proposition of a syllogism. Prior. Concatenation of causes and effects. South. Influence; tendency. Ham- mond. Importance; moment. Shakspeare. CONSEQUENT, k&n'-se-kwent. a. Following by rational deduction. Following as the effect of a cause. Locke. CONSEQUENT, kon'-se-kwent. n. s. Consequence. Hooker. Effect. Dairies. CONSEQUENTIAL, k6n-se-kwen / -shal. a. Pro- duced by the necessary concatenation of effects to causes. Prior. Conclusive. Great, conceited, or pompous. Pegge. CONSEQUENTIALLY, kdn-se-kwen'-shal-le. ad. With just deduction of consequences. Addison. By consequence; eventually. South. In a regu- lar series. Addison. CONSEQUENTIALNESS, kon-se-kwen'-shal- n£s. n. s. Regular consecution of discourse. Diet. CONSEQUENTLY, k&n'-se-kwent-le. ad. By con- sequence ; necessarily. Dryden. In consequence ; pursuantly. South. CONSEQUENTNESS, k&n'-se-kwent-nes. n. s. Regular connexion of propositions. Digby. CONSE RTION*, kon-ser'-shun. n. s. [consero, con- sertum, Lat.] Junction ; adaptation. Young. CONSE'RVABLE, k6n-ser'-va-bl. a. Capable of being kept. CONSE RVANCY, kon-ser'-van-se. n. s. Courts held by the lord mayor of London for the preser- vation of the fishery on the river Thames, are called courts of conservancy . CONSE / RVANT*,kon-ser'-vant. a. That which pre serves or continues. Puller. CONSERVATION, k&n-ser-va'-shun. n.s. The act of preserving. Woodward. Preservation from corruption. Bacon. CONSERVATIVE, k&n-sresent system of things. Hooker. Death ; end of ife. Shakspeare. CONSUMPTION, k6n-sum'-shun. 412. n. s. The act of consuming; waste. Locke. The stale of wasting or perishing. Woodward. A waste of muscular flesh. A disease divided by physicians into several kinds. Quincy. CONSUMPTIVE, kdn-sfim'-dv. a. Destructive ; wasting. Bp. Taylor. Diseased with a consump- tion. Harrey. CONSUMPTIVELY* kSn-sum'-tiv-le. ad. In a way tending to consumption. Beddoes. CONSUMPTTVENESS, kon-siW-tlv-nes. n. s. A tendency to a consumption. CONSU'TILE, kon-su'-tn. 140. a. [considilis, Lat.] That is sewed or stitched together. Diet. To CONTA'BULATE §, kon-tab'-u-late. v. a. [con- iabulo, Lat.] To floor with boards. Gaijton. CONTABULA'TION, kon-tab-u-la'-shfin. n. s. Boarding a floor. CONTACTS, kon'-takt. n.s. [contactus, Lat.] Touch ; close union. Bacon. CONT ACTION, kon-tak'-shun. n. s. The act of touching. Brown. CONTACION §, kon-uV-je-un. 542. n. s. [conta a [con- CONTERRANEOUS, k&n-ter-ra'-ne-us. S terrai- ns, Lat.] Of the same earth or country. Howell. CONTESSER ATION*, k6n-t£s-ser-a/-shun. n. s 230 CON CON -n6, move, ndr, n6t ;— tube, tub, bull 3— 611 ;— pound;— th\n, thjs. [con and tcsseratus, Lat.] Assemblage ; collection. B.Oleu. To CONTE'ST*, kdn-test'. 492. v. a. [contest*-, Fr.] To dispute; to litigate. Dryden. To CONTEST, k6n-test'. v. re. To strive : to con- tent!. Donne. To vie ; to emulate. Sluikspeare. CONTEST. k&n'-test.492. re. s. Dispute ; difference. Denham. CONTESTABLE, k&n-tes'-ta-bl. a. Disputable; controvertible. CONTE'STABLENESS, k&n-tes'-ta-bl-nes. n. s. Possibility of contest. Diet. CONTESTATION, k&n-tes-ta'-sh&n. re. s. The act of contesting ; debate. Bacon. CONTESTATION*, k6n-tes-ta'-shun. re. 5. Testi- mony; proof by witnesses. Barroio. CQNTESTINGLY* kon-test'-ing-le. ad. In a con- tending manner. W. Mountagu. CONTE'STLESS*, k&n-test'des. a. Not to be dis- puted. A. Hill To CONTE'Xv, kon-teks'. v. a. [contexo, Lat.] To weave together ; to unite by interposition of parts. Bonk Ob. J. CONTEXT, kon'-tSkst. 494. re. s. The general series of a discourse ; the parts of the discourse that precede and follow the sentence quoted. Hammond. CONTE'XT, kdn-tekst'. a. Knit together; firm. Derharn. To CONTE'XT*, k6n-tekst'. v. a. To knit together. Junius. CONTE'XTURAL*, k6n-teks'-tshu-ral. a. Relating to the human frame. Smith. CONTEXTURE, kon-teks / -tshure.461.n..s. The dis- position of parts one amongst others ; the system. Wotton. CONTIGNATION, kon-dg-na'-shun. re. s. [contig- natio, Lat.] A frame of beams joined together ; a story. Wottoa. Framing a fabrick of wood. Burke. CONTIGUITY, kon-te-gu'-e-te. n. s. Actual con- tact. Broicn. CONTIGUOUS ^kon-uV-u-us. a. [contiguus, Lat.] Meeting so as to touch; bordering upon each other. Bacon. CONTIGUOUSLY, k&n-tlg'-u-us-le. ad. Without any intervening spaces. Dryden. CONTFGUOUSNESS, k&n-tlg'-u-fts-nes. re. s. Close connexion. Fuller. CO NTINENCE, kon'-te-nense. } n. s. Restraint ; CO NTLNENCY, kon'-te-nen-se. $ command of one's self. Dryden. Forbearance of lawful pleasure. Grew. Chastity in general. Sluxk. Moderation in lawful pleasures. Bp. Taylor. Continuity; un- interrupted course. Aylijfe. CONTINENTS, k6n'-te-nent. a. [continens, Lat.] Chaste; abstemious in lawful pleasures. Slvak. Restrained; moderate. Shak. Continuous; con- nected. Brerewood. Opposing. Shakspeare. CO NTINENT, k&n'-te-nent. n. s. Land not disjoint- ed by the sea from other lands. Waller. That which contains any thing. Sluikspeare. CONTINENTAL*, k6n-te-nent'-al. a. Respecting a continent ; particularly the continent of Europe. Burke. CONTINENTLY*, k&n'-te-nent-le. ad. Chastely. Martin. To CONTFNGE§, k&n-tfnje'. v. re. [contingo, Lat.] To touch ; to happen. CONTPNGENCE, kon-uV-jense. ) n. s. The qual- CONTPNGENCY, k&n-un'-jen-se. ] ity of being fortuitous; accidental possibility. Brown. The act of reaching to, or touching. Gregory. CONTINGENT, k6n-t?n'-jent. a. Falling out by chance. South. Dependent upon an uncertainty. Blackstone. CONTINGENT, k6n-uV-je-nt. re. s. A thing in the hands of chance. Grev). A proportion that falls to anv person upon a division. CONTINGENTLY, k6n-uV-jent-le. ad. Accident- ally ; without any settled rule. CONTINUAL, k6n-tin'-u-al. a. Incessant. Proverbs. [In law.] A continual claim is made from time to time, within every year and day. Coved. CONTINUALLY, kon-uV-u-al-le. ad. Without pause ; without interruption. Bacon. Without ceasing. Bentleu. CONTPNUALNESS*, k6n-dn'-u-al-nes. n.s. Per manence. Hales. CONTINUANCE, kSn-uV-u-anse. re. s. Succession uninterrupted. Addison. Permanence in one state. Sidney. Abode in a place. Duration. Shak. Per- severance. Rom. Progression of time. Psalm. Continuity. Bacon. To CONTINUATES*, k6n-uV-u-ate. v. a. To join closely together. Potter. CONTPNUATE, k&n-tln'-u-ate. 91. a. Immediately united. Hooker. Uninterrupted. Sluikspeare. CONTINUATELY, k6n-Un'-u-ate-le. ad. With con- tinuity. Wilkins. CONTINUATION, k&n-un-u-a'-shun. n. s. Pro- traction, or succession uninterrupted. Ray. CONTINUATIVE, k6n-tin'-u-a-dv. re. s. Perma- nence or duration. Watts. A grammatical con- junction. Harris. CONTPNUATOR, k&n-tin-u-a'-t&r. 521. re.*. He that continues the series or succession. Broicn. To CONTINUE $, k6n-uV-u. v. re. [continue, Lat.) To remain in the same state or place. St. Matt. To last; to be durable. 1 Sam. To persevere. St. John. To CONTINUE, k&n-tin'-u. v. a. To protract. Psalm. To unite without a chasm or intervening substance. Brown. CONTINUEDLY, k&n-tin'-u-e. CONVEYER, kon-va'-ur. n. s. One who carries or transmits. Brerewood. That by which any thing is conveyed. Burton. A juggler; an impostor ; a thief. Sliakspeare. CONVICFNITY*, k6n-ve-sm / -e-te. n. s. [con and victims, Lat.j Neighbourhood. Warton. To CONVICT^ kon-vikt'. v. a. [convinco, convic- lum. I, at.] To prove guilty; to detect in guilt. John. To confute. Brown. To show by proof or evidence. Hooker. To destroy ; to overpower ; to surmount. Shakspeare. CONVFCT, kon-vikt'. a. Convicted. Shakspeare. CONVICT, k&n'-vlkt. 492. n.s. One found guilty. Ayliffe. CONVl'CTION, k&n-vik'-shun. n.s. Detection of guilt. Milton. The act of convincing; confutation. Hooker. State of being convinced. Swift. CONVFCTIVE, kon-vlk'-dv. 157. a. Having the power of convincing. Bp. Hall. CONVFCTIVELY* l<6n-v'ik'-trv-le. ad. In a con- vincing manner. More. To CONVINCE §, kon-yinse'. [See To Collect.] v. a. [convinco, Lat.] To force any one to acknowl- edge a contested position. Tillotson. To prove guilty of. Jude. To evince ; to prove. Sliakspeare. To overpower ; to surmount. Shakspeare. CONVI'NCEMENT, k&n-vW-ment. n. s. Convic- tion. Milton. CONVFNCER*, k&n-vln'-s&r. n.s. That which makes manifest. More. CONVFNC1BLE, kon-vfn'-se-bl. a. Capable of con- viction. Capable of being disproved. Brown. CONVINCINGLY, kon-vk'-slng-le. ad. In such a manner as to leave no room for doubt. Bp. Hall. CONVINCINGNESS, k&n-vln'-s1ng-n§s. n.s. The power of convincing. CONVFTIOUS*, kon-vish'-us. a. [convitior, Lat.] Reproachful. Queen Elizabeth's Injunctions. To CONVFVE5, kon-vW. v.n. [convivo, Lat.] To entertain ; to feast. Shakspeare. CONVFVAL, kon-vl'-val. ) 113. a. Relating to an CONVFVIAL, kon-vH-'-yal. $ entertainment ; fes- tal ; social. Sir T. Brown. ToCO'NVOCATES, kon'-vo-kate. v. a. [convoco, Lat.l To call together. Maij. CONVOCATION, kon-v6-ka'-shun. n. s. Calling to an assembly. Sidney. An assembly. Lev. An as- sembly of the clergy for consultation upon matters ecclesiastical, in time of parliament. Cowel. A dis- tinct academical assembly, in which the general business of the university is transacted. Abp. Laud. To CONVO'KE§,k&n-v6ke'.t>.a. [convoco, Lat.] To call together. Locke. To CONVOLVE §, kon-volV. v. a. [convoko, Lat.] To roll together. Milton. CONVOLUTED, kon-vo-lu'-ted. part. Twisted; rolled upon itself. Woodv:ard. CONVOLUTION, kon-vo-liV-shun. n.s. Rolling any thing upon itself. Greic. Rolling together Thomson.. To CONVG'Y§, kon-voe'. v. a. [conveyer, Fr.] To accompany by land or sea for the sake of defence. Milfon. CONVOY, k&n'-v'oe. 492. n.s. Force attending on the road by way of defence. South. The act of attending as a defence. Shakspeare. Conveyance. Shakspeare. CONVO'L VUL US*, kSn-v&l'-vu-lfls. n. s. [Lat.] A genus of plants ; bind-weed. To CONVULSE §, kon-vulse'.t\«. [convulsus, Lat.] To give an irregular and involuntary motion to the oarts of any bodv. Hallywell. CONVULSION, "kon-vul'-shfin. n.s. An involunta- ry contraction of the fibres and muscles, whereby the body and limbs are preternaturally distorted, Locke. Tumult; disturbance. Temple. CONVULSIVE, kon-vul'-siv. 158, 428, a. [convul, sif, Fr.] That which produces involuntary motion. Hale. 235 coo COP VlT 559.- -Fate, far fall, fat; — m£, met; —pine plr '5— CONVULSIVELY*, kdn-vfil'-slv-le. ad. In an agi- tated or tumultuous manner. CO'NY §, kiW-ne. n. s. [cuniculus, Lat.] A rabbit. B. Jonson. A simpleton. CONY-BURROW, kfin'-ne-bar-o. n. s. A place where rabbits make their holes in the ground. Verstegan. To CONYCATCH, kun'-ne-katsh. v.n. To cheat; to bite ; to trick. Slmkspeare. CO'NYCATCHER, kun'-ne-katsh-ur. n. s. A thief; a cheat. To COO §, kflS. 10. v.n. To cry as a dove or pigeon. Thomson. CO'OING*, ko5'-?ug. 7i. s. Invitation, as the note of the dove. Young. COOK §, k66k. 306. n. s. [coquus, Lat.] One whose profession is to dress and prepare victuals. Sluxk. COOK-MAID, kofik'-made. n.s. A maid that dresses provisions. Addison. COOK-ROOM, kSSk'-rSom. n. s. The kitchen of a ship. Raleigh. To COOK, ko&k. v. a. To prepare victuals. Decaij of Piety. To prepare for any purpose. Sliak. To COOK*, or COUK*, k55k. v. n. To make the noise of the cuckoo. The Silkewormes. To COOK*, k6ok. v. a. To throw. Grose. COOKERY, kSSk'-ur-e. 555. n.s. The art of dress- ing victuals. Davies. COOL§, kdol. 306. a. [col, Sax.] Approaching to cold. Temple. Not zealous ; not ardent. Prov. COOL, kS5l. n. s. Freedom from heat. Addison. To COOL, kool. v. a. [colian, Sax.] To make cool ; to allay heat. St. Luke. To quiet passion, j Shakspeare. To COOL, kSol. y. n. To grow less hot. B. Jonson. To grow less warm. Shakspeare. COOL-CUP*, kSol'-kfip. rc. 5. A beverage so called, usually composed of wine, water, lemon-peel, su- gar, and borage ; and introduced at tables in warm weather. COOL-HEADED*, k&oF-he'd-ed. a. Without pas- sion. Burke. COOLER*, kSol'-ur. n. s. That which has the pow- er of cooling the body. Quincy. A vessel in which anv thing is made cool. Mortimer. CO'OLISH*, kSSl'-ish. a. Approaching to cold. Goldsmith. CO'OLLY, kdfll'-Ie. ad. Without heat, or sharp cold. Thomson. Without passion. Alterbury. CO'OLNESS, kfiSl'-nes. 77. s. [coelne r , Sax.] Gen- tle cold. Bacon. Want of affection ; disinclination. Clarendon. Freedom from passion. Spenser. COOM, k88m. 306. n. s. [ecume, Fr.] Soot that gath- ers over an ovens mouth. Pliillips. That matter that works out of ihe M-heels of carriages. COOMB, or COMB, kodrn. n. s. [cumulus, Lat.] A measure of com containing four bushels. COOP §, kodp. n. s. {kappa, Icel.] A barrel for the preservation of liquids. A cage ; a pen for ani- mals. Brawn. To COOP, k56p. v.a. To shut up in a narrow com- pass ; lo confine ; to cage. Shakspeare. COOPER, koo-pee'. ■;;. s. [coupe 1 , Fr.] A motion in dancing". CO'OPERrkOo'-pur. 98. n. s. One that makes coops or barrels. Child. COOPERAGE, kOu'-pCsr-ldje. 90. n.s. The price paid for cooper's work. To COOTERATE §, ko-op'-Sr-ate. v. n. [con and opera, Lat.] To labour jointly with another to the same end. Bacon. To concur in the same effect. Brown. COOPERATION, ki-op-er-a'-shun. n.s. The act of contributing to the same end. Bacon. COOTERATIVE, ko-op'-er-u-tlv. a. Promoting the same end. Davies. COORDINATE §, k6-6r'-de-nate. 91. a. [con and ordinatus, Lat.1 Holding the same rank ; not being subordinate. H. Wharton. COORDINATELY, ki-flr'-de-nate-le. ad. In the same rank. COORDINATENESS, k6-5r / -de-nate-ne ! s. n. s. The state of being coordinate. COORDIN ACTION, k6-6r-de-na/-shfin. n. The COO'PERATOR, ko-op'-eVd-tur. 521. He that promotes the same end with others. To COO PTATE§* ko-op'-tate. v. a. [coopto, Lat.] To choose. Cockeram. COOPTA'TION, k6-op-ta/-shan n.s Adoption;! rssumption. Howell. j state of holding the same rank. Howell. COOT, k36t. 306. n.s. [cotee, Fr.] A small black water-fowl, in fens and marshes. Beaumont. COP §, k6p. n. s. [cop, Sax.] The head ; the top of any thing. Chaucer. COPAL, kA'-pal, or kdp'-al. n.s. The Mexican term for a gum. COPARCENARY, k6-par / -se-na-re. n. s. Joint succession to any inheritance. Hale. COPARCENER $, k6-par'-se-nur. n. s. [con and particeps, Lat.] Such as have equal portion in the inheritance of their ancestor. Cowel. COPARCENY, k6-par / -se-ne. n.s. An equal share of coparceners. Phillips. COPARTMENT*. k6-part / -ment. n. s. Compart- ment. Warton. COPARTNER §, ko-part'-nur. 98. n. s. One that has a share in some common stock or affair ; one equally concerned. Shakspeare. COPARTNERSHIP, k6-part / -nur-ship. n.s. The state of bearing an equal part, or possessing an equal share. Hale. COPATAIN, kop'-a-tm. 208. a. High raised ; point- ed. Shakspeare. CQPA'YVA, k6-pa'-va. 98. n. s. A gum which dis- tils from a tree in Brazil. COPE §, k6pe. n. s. [caeppe, Sax.] Any thing with which the head is covered. A sacerdotal vestment worn in sacred ministration. Wheaily. Any thing- spread over the head, as the concave of the skies; any archwork over a door. To COPE, kdpe. v. a. To cover, as with a cope. Addison. To contend with ; to oppose. Shak. To reward; to give in return. Shakspeare. To COPE. k6pe. v.n. To contend; to struggle. Shakspeare. To encounter. Shakspeare. To COPE, k6pe. v. a. To embrace. Shale. Ob. J. COREMAN*, k6pe'-man. n.s. [coopman, Dutch.] A chapman. Verstegan. COPERNICAN*, kc-peV-ne-kan. a. Relating to the system of Copernicus. A. Smith. CORESMATE, kopes'-mate. n. s. Companion; friend. Spenser. GORIER, kftp'-pe-ttr. n. s. One that copies; a transcriber. Addison. One that imitates; a pla- giary. Dry den. COPING, k6 / -plng. n. s. The upper tire of masonry which covers the wall. 1 Kings. COPIOUS §, ko'-pe-us. a. [copia, Lat.] Plentiful; abundant. Milton. Abounding in words or im- ages ; not ban-en ; not concise. Milton. COPIOUSLY, k6 / -pe-eras is an artificial vitriol, made of stones ibund on the sea-shore, called gold stones. Chambers. OO'PPERISH*, kop'-pftr-ish. a. Containing copper. Robinson. COPPERSMITH, kop-pur-smta. n. s. One that manufactures copper. Swift. COPPER WORM, kop'-pur-wfirm. n.s. A little worm in ships. A moth that fretteth garments. A worm breeding in one's hand. Ainsworth. CO'PPERY, kop'-pfir-e. a. Containing copper. Woodward. COTPICES, k&p'-pk 142. n.s. [coupeaux, Fr.] Low woods cut at stated times for fuel. Sidney. See Copse. COPPING*. See Coping. CO'PPLE-DUST, kdp'-pl-dfist. n. s. Powder used in purifying metals. Bacon. COPPLE-STONES are fragments of stone broken from the adjacent cliffs, rounded by the action of the water. Woodward. CO'PPLED, k&p'-pld. 359. a. Rising in a conick form ; rising to a point. Woodward. COPSE f, k6ps. n.s. [abbreviated from coppice.] Low wood cut at a certain growth for fuel ; a place overgrown with short wood. Careio. To COPSE, k6ps. v. a. To preserve underwoods. Farin.o-don. CO'PSY*. kdp'-se. a. Having copses. Dyer. CO'PTICK*, kop'-tlk. n. s." The language of the Copts; the ancient Egyptian language. Worth- ing ton. COPULA, kop'-u-la. 92. n.s. [Lat..] The word which unites the subject and predicate of a propo- sition ; as, Books are dear. Watts. To COPULATE §, k6p'-u-late. v. a. [copulo, Lat.] To unite ; to conjoin. To CO'PULATE, kdp'-ft-late. v.n. To come to- gether as different sexes. CO'PULATE*. kop'-u-late. a. Joined. SQPULA'TION, kop-u-la'-shrm. n. s. The congress or embrace of the two sexes. Hooker. Any con- junction. Pnttenham. COPULATIVE, kSp'-u-la-tiv. 157. a. A term of grammar. Watts. CO/PULATIVE* kop'-u-la-tlv. n. s. A conjunc- tion in grammar. Harris. Connexion; conjunc- tion, by marriage. RicoM. CO'PY f, kop'-pe. 482. n. s. [copie, Fr.] A transcript from the original. Waller. An individual book; as, A good copy. Hooker. The autograph ; the original. Shah. An instrument by which any con- veyance is made in law. Shak. A picture drawn from another picture. Bramston. Abundance ; plenty. Translators of the Bible. COPY-BOOK, k&p'-pe-b65k. n. s. A book in which copies are written for learners to imitate. Shak- speare. CO'PY-HOLD, hop'-pe-hold. n.s. A tenure, for which the tenant hath nothing to show but the copy of the rolls made by the steward of his lord's court. Camel. COPY-HOLDER, korApe-hdl-dfir. n.s. One that is possessed of land in copvhold. B. Jonson. COPY-RIGHT*, k&p'-pe-flte. n.s. The property which an author, or his assignee, has in a literary work. Blackstone. To CO'PY, k&p'-pe. v. a. To transcribe ; to write after an original. Prov. To imitate; to propose to imitation. Dryden. To CO'PY, kop'-pe. v. n. To imitate. Dryden. CO'PYER* k6p'-pe-fir. n. s. A copier. Bentiey. CO'PYIST*, kop'-pe-?st. n.s. A transcriber. Black- wall. An imitator. Dr. Warton. COQUELICO'T*, k6ke-le-k6'. n.s [Fr.] The red-corn rose; a colour nearly red, so called from it. To COQUE'T, k6-keY. 415. v. a. To entertain with compliments and amorous tattle. Swift. To COOUE'T, ko-ket'. v.n. To act the lover; to entice by blandishments. Sivift CO'QUETRY, ko-ket'-re. n.s. Affectation of amorous advances; desire of attracting notice. Addison. COQUE'TTE §, ko-ket'. n. s. [coquette, Fr.] A gay, airy girl ; a woman who endeavours to attract no- tice. Tatler. COQUETTISH*, ko-keV-lsh. a. Affecting the manner of a coquette. Sivinburne. COR*, k6r. n. s. [corns, Lat.] The measure of a pottle. Wicliffe. CO'RACLE, k&r'-a-kl. n. s. [cwrwgty Welsh.] _ A boat used in Wales by fishers, made by drawing leather or oiled cloth upon a frame of wicker work. Hole. CO'RAL §, kor'-a.l. n.s. [corallum, Lat.] A plant of great hardness a::d stony nature, growing in the water. Hill. The piece of coral which children have about their necks, imagined to assist them in breeding teeth. Pope. $C$° We sometimes hear this word pronounced curral ; but this is contrary to all our pronouncing dictionaries^ and ought to be avoided. W. CORAL-TREE, k&r'-al-tre. n.s. A native tree of America, which produces very beautiful scarlet flowers. Miller. CO'RALLINE,k6r'-al-m. 150. a. Consisting of coral. Woodward. CO'RALLINE, kor'-al-ln. n.s. A sea-plant used in medicine. Hill. CO'RALLOID, k&r'-al-l6M. > a. Resembling CO'RALLOIDAL, kor-al-lold'-al. \ coral. Broicn. CO'RANT, k6-ranf. n. s. [ccurant, Fr.] A lofty sprightly dance. Temple. A paper of news. B. Jonson. CORA'JNTO*. ko-ran'-t6. n. s. An air or dance. B. Jonson. H CORB*, k6rb. n. s. [corbeau, Fr.] An ornament in building. Spejiser. CO'RBAN, kor'-ban. 168. n. s. An alms-basket ; a gift ; an alms. Cabnet. CORBE, k6rb. a. [courhe. Fr.] Crooked. Spenser. CO'RBEILS, kSr'-belz. n, s. [corbeilh, Fr.] Little baskets used in fortification, filled with earth. CO'RBEL, kdr'-bel. n. s. [In architecture.] The representation oi a basket sometimes placed on the heads of the caryatides. CO'RBEL, I ,*, , v, \ n. s. A short piece of tim- CO'RBIL, S KOr " Da, <> ber sticking out a few- inches from a wall. A niche left in walls for figures. Chambers. CO'RBY*, k6r'-be. n. s. [corbeau, Fr.] A raven. CORD §, k6rd. n. s. [chorda, Lat.] A rope ; a string; composed of several strands or twists. Joslnia. Thcr cords extended in setting up tents furnish several metaphors in scripture. Isaiah, xxxiii. A quantity of wood for fuel, supposed to be measured with a cord. Eveh/n. CORD-MAKER, kord'-ma-kfir. n.s. Aropemake? CORD-WOOD, kdrd'-w&d. n. s. Wood piled up for fuel, to be sold by the cord. To CORD, k6rd. v. a. To fasten with cords. Cot- grave. CO'RDAGE, kor'-dldjc. 90. n. s. A quantity of ccrds ; the ropes of a ship. Drayton. CO'RDED, kor'-ded. a. Made of ropes. Shetkspeare. Bound with a cord. CORDELI'ER, k6r-de-leer'. 275. n. s. A Francis- can friar; so named from the cord which serves him for a cincture. Prior. CO'RDIAL §. kcV-je-al. 294, 376. n. s. [cordial, old Fr.] A medicine that increases the force of the heart. Any medicine that increases strength. Ar 237 COR COR [CP559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m^t;— pine, pin;— buthnot. Any thing that comforts, and exhilarates. Spenser. §3° There is certainly a tendency in the d, as well as in the t, to slide into a soft, hissing sound, when preceded by the accent, and followed by a diphthong or a diph- thongal vowel, commencing with the sound of e. This is evident by the current pronunciation of immediate, verdure, &c, as if written immejcate.verjure, &c. 294; and this pronunciation is so agreeable to the genius of our language, that the organs slide into it insensibly. Mr. Sheridan, in order to mark this sound, has adopted the y, and spelled the word cor-dy-al .• and if y is here articulated as a consonant, as is intended, its connexion with d produces a sound so near the hiss in cor-je-al, as to be with difficulty distinguished from it. W. CO'RDIAL, kcV-je-al. a. Reviving; invigorating, Shakspeare. Sincere; hearty. Hammond. CORDIA'LITY, kor-je-al'-e-te. n. s. Relation to the heart. Brown. Sincerity. CO'RDIALLY, kor'-je-al-le. ad. Sincerely; heart- ily. More. CO'RDIALNESS*, kor'-je-al-n&s. n.s. Heartiness. Cotgrave. CO'RDINER, kor'-de-nur. n. s. [cordonnier, Fr.] A shoe-maker. CO'RDON, kSr'-dfin. n. s. [Fr.] [In fortification.] A row of stones jutting out before the rampart. Chambers. CO'RDON*, kor'-dun. n. s. [Fr.] A band ; a wreath. Sir E. Sandys. CORDOVA'N*, kdr-di-van'. n. s. [cordouan, Fr.] Spanish leather. Fletcher. CO'RDWAIN§, kord'-wane.n. s. Cordovan leather, from Cordova in Spain. Spanish leather. Spenser. CO'RDWAINER, kord'-wa-nur. n. s. A shoe- maker. Bp. Hall. CORE j, k6re. n. s. [cor, L at.] The heart. Shak. The inner part of any thing. Raleigh. The inner part of a fruit, which contains the kernels. Bacon. The matter contained in a sore. Dryden. A body or collection. Bacon. A disorder incident to sheep, occasioned by worms in their livers. Chambers. CORE'GENT*, k6-re / -jent. n. s. [con and regent.] A joint regent or governour. Wraxall. CORE'LATIVE*. See Correlative. CORIACEOUS, k6-re-a ; -shus. a. [coriaceus, Lat.] Consisting of leather. Of a substance resembling leather. Arbuihnot. CORIANDER, k6-re-an'-dur. 98. n. s. [coriandrum, Lat.] A plant. Wilier. CO'RINTH §, kur'-ran. n.s. [from the city of that name.] A small fruit commonly called currant. Phillips. CORI'NTHIAN Order, is generally reckoned the fourth, but by some the fifth, of the five orders of architecture; and is the most noble, rich, and delicate of them all. Harris. CORI'NTHIAN*, kd-rln'-#ie4n. a. Relating to the licentious manners of Corinth. Millcn. CORI'NTHIAN*, ki-rb'-^e-an. n.s. One of those at Corinth. 2 Cor. vi. In allusion to the notorious licentiousness of Corinth, " to play the Corinthian" denotes a profligate person. Shakspeare. CORI'VAL§*. n.s. See Corrival. Bacon. To CORI'VAL*, k6-ri'-val. v. a. To affect to equal Shakspeare. CORK§, kork. n. s. [Jcorck, Dutch.] A glandiferous tree, in all respects like the ilex, excepting the bark. Miller. The bark of the cork tree used for stopples. A. piece of cork cut for the stopple of a bottle or barrel. Shakspeare. To CORK*, kSrk. v. a. To stop with corks. Bp Hall. CO'RKING-PIN, k6r-king-pm / . n. s. A pin of the largest size. Swift. CO'RKY, k6r'-ke. a. Consisting of, or resembling cork. Shakspeare. CORMORANT, k6V-m6-rant. n. s. [cormoran, Fr.] A bird that preys upon fish. Shak. A glutton. CORN §, l<6rn. n. s. [cojm, Sax.] The seeds which grow in ears, not in pods ; such as are made into bread. John. Grain yet unreaped. Shak. Grain in the ear, yet unthreshed. Job. Any minute par tide. Bp. Hall. An excrescence on the feet, hard and painful. Sliakspeare. To CORN, kSrn. v. a. To salt ; to sprinkle with salt. To granulate. Dryden. CORN-BIND*, kdrn'-blnd. n.s. Climbing buck- wheat. Grose. CORN-CRAIK*, korn'-krake. n. s. The land-rail, so called probably from its constant note, craik, craik. CORN-FIELD, k6rn'-feeld. n. s. A field where corn is growing. Shakspeare. CORN-FLAG, k6rn'-f%. n. s. A plant. Miller. CORN-FLOOR, kdm'-fldre. n. s. The floor where corn is stored. Hosea. CORN-FLOWER, kdrn'-fM-ur. n. s. Flowers which grow only amongst corn. Bacon. CORN-HEAP*, kSrn'-heep. n. s. Store of corn. Bv. Hall, CORN-LAND, k6rn'-land. n. s. Land appropriated to the production of grain. Mortimer. CORN-LOFT*, korn'-loft. n. s. Granary. Sherwood. CORN-MARIGOLD, k6rn'-mar-re-gold. n.s. A flower. CORN-MASTER, k6rn'-ma-stur. n. s. One that cul tivates corn for sale. Bacon. CORN-METER*, korn'-me-tur. n. s. One who su perintends the measure of corn. CORN-MILL, korn'-mfl. n. s. A mill to grind corn Mortimer. CORN-PIPE, k6rn' -pipe. n.s. A pipe made by slit ting the joint of a green stalk of corn. Tickel. CORN-ROCKET, k6rn'-r6k-it. n.s. A plant. CORN-ROSE, korn'-roze. n. s. A species of poppy. CORN-SALAD, kdrn'-sal-ad. n. s. An herb, whose top leaves are a salad of themselves. Mortimer. CORN-VIOLET*, kcW-vl-6-let. n. s. A species of campanula. CO'RNAGE, kSrn'-aje. n. s. [cornage, old Fr.] A tenure which obliges the landholder to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn. Blount. CO'RNAMUTE*, kSr'-na-mute. n.s. A wind in- strument. Drayton. CO'RNCHANDLER, korn'-tshand-lur. n.s. One that retails corn. CO'RNCUTTER, kSrn'-k&t-tur. n. s. A man whose profession is to extirpate corns from the foe. Wise- man. CO'RNEA*, k6r'-ne-a. n. s. [Lat.] The horny coat of the eye. Reid. CO'RNEL, kor'-neL > „ . CORNE'LlAN-TREE,k6r-ne'-le-an-tre. $ '"/*• [comille, cornie, Fr.] A tree bearing the fruit com- monly called the cornel or cornelian cherry. Mor- timer. CORNE'LIAN STONE, k6r-ne'-le-an-st6ne. See - Carnfxian. CO'RNEM £/S£, kor'-ne-muze. n. s. [Fr.] A kind ' of ruslick flute, or, as some think, the bag-pipe ; a shawm. CORNEOUS, k6r'-ne-us. a. [Lat.j Horny. Broicn. CO'RNER§, kcV-nur. 98. n.s. (cornier, Fr.] An angle. A secret or remote place. Shak. The ex- tremities; the utmost limit. Shakspeare. CORNER-STONE, kor'-nur-st6ne. n.s. The stone that unites the two walls at the corner ; the princi- pal stone. Shakspeare. CORNER-TEETH of a Horse, are the four teeth between the middling teeth and the tushes. Far- rier's Dictionary. CO'RNERED*, kdr'-neYd. a. Having angles or cor- ners. Lovelace. CO'RNERWTSE, kcV-nur-wlze. ad. Diagonally; with the corner in front. Huloet. CO'RNET §, kSr'-net. 99. n. s. [cornette, Fr.] A mu- sical instrument blown with the mouth. 2 Sam. A company or troop of horse. Bacon. The officer that bears the standard of a troop. Lord Chester- field. A standard or flag. Drayton. — Cornet of a horse, is the lowest part of his pastern that runs round the coffin. Farrier's Did. A scarf anciently worn by doctors. Cotgrave. A head-dress Cot- COR COR -116, move, nor, not;— tu.be, tub, bull;— 61I5— pfiund;— th'm, THis. grave. A cornet ot paper, is a cap of paper,] made by retailers for small wares. CO RNETCY*. k6r / -n?t-se. n. s. The commission of j a cornet. Lord Chesterjield. CO'RNETER, kor'-net'-ur. n.s. A blower of the cornel. Hakewill. CORNICE, kdr'-nis. 112. n.s. [corniche, Fr.l The highest projection of a wall or column. Dryden. CCRNICE Ring. [In gunnery.] The next ring from the muzzle backwards. Chambers. CO RNICLE, kor'-nlk-kl. 405. n.s. [cornu, Lat.] A little horn. Broirn. CORNI'CULATE, kor-nik'-u-latc. a. [In botany.] Such plants as produce many distinct and horned pods. Chavibers. Horned. More. OORN1GEROUS, kSr-nidje'-e-rus. a. [corniger, La!.] Horned; having- horns. Brown. CO RNING-HOUSE*, kfir'-ning-hfifis. n.s. The place where gun-powder is granulated. Sprat. CO RMSH*, k5r'-nish. n. s. The people of Cornwall. Richards. CO RMSH*, kSr'-nlsh. a. Relating to tne language or manners of the Cornish. Richards. CORNUCOPIA, kdr-nu-k6'-pe-a. n.s. [Lat.] The horn of plenty; a horn topped with fruits and flowers in the hands of a goddess. To CORN! 'TE §, k6r-nute'. v. a. [cornutus, Lat.] To bestow horns ; to cuckold. Burton. CORNUTED, kor-nu'-ted. a. Grafted with horns ; cuckolded. L'Estrange. CORNU TO. k6r-nu'-t6. ?i.s. A cuckold. Shale. CORNU'TOR*, k6r-nu'-tur. n. s. A cuckold-maker. Jordan. CORNY, k6r'-ne. a. Strong or hard like hom. Mil- ton. Producing grain or corn. Prior. Containing corn. Dryden. CO'ROLLARY, kor'-o-lar-e. 168. n.s. [corollari- um, Lat.] The conclusion. Dryden. Surplus. Shak. J£r Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, W. Johnston, Buchanan, Entick, and Smith, accent this word on the first, and Dr. Kenrick, Scott, Perry, and Bailey, on the second syllable. The weight of authority is certainly for the accentuation I have adopted, and analogy seems to confirm this authority. For as the word is derived from corollarium, with the accent on the antepenulti- mate, our pronunciation of this word generally lays an additional accent on the first syllable, which, when the word is shortened by dropping a syllable in corollary, becomes the principal accent, as in a thousand other instances. — See Academy. W. CORONA, ko-ro'-na. n. s. [Lat.] A large flat mem- ber of the cornice, which crowns the entablature. Chambers. CORONAL, k6i- / -6-nal. 168. 71.5. A crown; a gar- land. Spenser. CO'RONAL, kor-6'-nal. a. Belonging to the top of the head. Wiseman. CO RONARY,k6r y -6-nar-e. a. Relating to a crown. Broirn. It is applied in anatomy to arteries, which are fancied to encompass the heart in the manner of a garland. Bentley. CORONATION, k6r-6-na'-shun. n.s. The act or solemnity of crowning a king. Sidney. The pomp or assembly present at a coronation. Pope. CO'RONEL*, kor'-o-nel. n.s. [Span.] A colonel. Spenser. CO RONER, krV-6-nur. n. s. [from corona.] An officer whose duly is to inquire, on the part of the king, how any violent death was occasioned; for which purpose a jury is empannelled. Sliakspeare. CO'RONET, kor'-6-net. n. s. An inferiour crown worn by the nobility. Shak. An ornamental head- dress. Sidney. CO'RPORAL, kSr'-p6-ral. 168. n.s. [caporal, Fr.] The lowest officer of the infantry. Gay. CO'RPORAL of a Ship. An officer that hath the charge of setting the watches and sentries. CO'RPORAL*, kcV-pi-ral. n. s. [corporail, Fr.] The fine linen wherein the sacrament is put. Wlieatley. CO'RPORAL $, k6r'-po-ral. a. [corpus, Lat.] Re- lating to the body. Shak. Material ; not spiritual. Slvak. Relating to an oath so called. Brand. CORPORA'LITY,k6r-p6-ral'-e-te. n.s. The quality of being embodied. Raleigh. Corporation ; con- fraternity. Milton. CORPORALLY, kdr'-p6-ral-e. ad. Bodily. Abp Crammer. CO'RPORATE$, kfir'-pa-rite. 91. a. United in a body or community; enabled to act in legal pro- cesses as an individual. Spenser. General ; united. Shakspeare. CO'RPORAS*, kfir'-pi-ras. n. s. The old name of the corporal, or communion cloth. Bale. To CO'RPORATE*, kSr'-p6-rate. v. n. To unite. More. CO'RPORATELY*, k6r / - P 6-rate-le. ad. In a cor- porate capacity. CORPORATENESS, kfir'-po-rate-nes. n. The state of a body corporate. Viet. CORPORATION, kdr-p CORPUSCULA'RIAN,k6r-pus-ku-l^-re-an. > a ' Relating to bodies ; comprising bodies. Boyle. CORPUSCULA'RIAN*, k6r-pus-ku-la'-re-an. n.s. A corpuscularian philosopher. Beniley. CO'RRACLE. See Coracle. To CORRA'DE, kor-rs !e'. 168. v.a. [corrado, Lat.] To rub off; to scrape together. Cockeram. CORRADIA'TION, k6r-r4-de-i'-shun. n.s. [con and radius, Lat.] A conjunction of rays in one point. Bacon. 7 , oCORRE'CT§,k6r-rekt / . v. a. [rorrigo.comctum, 239 COR COR O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin;— Lai.] To punish ; to chastise. Bp. Taylor. To amend ; to take away faults. Burnet. To obviate the qualities of one ingredient by another. Arbuih- not. To remark faults. CORRECT, kw-rekt'. a. Free from faults. Dnjden. CORRECTION, k6r-reV-shun. n.s. Punishment; discipline. Shak. Alteration to a better state; amendment. That which is substituted in the place of any thing- wrong. Watts. Reprehension ; animadversion. Browu. Abatement of noxious qualities, by the addition of something contrary. Donne. CORRECTIONER, kor-rek'-shfin-ur. n. s. One that has been in the house of correction. Shak. CORRECTIVE, kor-rek'-tlv. 157. a. Having the power to obviate anv bad qualities. Brerewood. Having the power to limit. Dr. Holdsworth. CORRECTIVE, kxWek'-uy. n.s. That which has the power of altering or obviating any thing amiss. Rii/. Limitation; restriction. Hale. CORRECTLY, kor-rekt'-le. ad. Accurately; with- out faults. Locke. CORRECTNESS, kor-rekt'-nes. n. s. Accuracy. Dnjden. CORRECTOR, kor-rek'-tur. 98. n. s. He that I amends. He that revises any thing to free it from faults. [In medicine.] Such an ingredient as guards against or abates the force of another. Quincy. CORRE'GIDOR*, kor-rgd'-je-ddre. n. s. [Span.] A Spanish magistrate. Smollett. To CORRELATE $, kor-re-late'. [See Counter- balance.] v. 7i. [con and relatus, Lat.] To have a reciprocal relation ; as, father and son. COBRELATE, k6r'-e-late. n. s. One that stands in the opposite relation. Smith. CORRELATIVE, k6r-reF-a-tiv. a. Having a re- ciprocal relation. South. CORRELATIVE* kor-rel'-a-iiv. n.s. That which has a reciprocal relation. Blackstone. CORREBATD7ENESS, kor-reF-a-tiv-n^s. n. s. The state of being correlative. CORREBTION, kor-rep'-shun. n. s. Objurgation ; chiding ; reproof. Hammond. To CORRESPONDS, k6r-re-sp6nd'. v. n. [con and respondeo, Lat.] To suit ; to answer. Holder. To keep up commerce by alternate letters. CORRESPONDENCE, kor-re-spon'-dense. ? CORRESPONDENCY^or-re-spiW-den-se. ) n ' s ' Relation; reciprocal adaptation of one thing to another. Hooker. Intercourse; reciprocal intelli- gence. Denham. Friendship. Bacon. CORRESPONDENT, k6r-re : sp6n'-dent. [See To Collect.] a. Suitable ; adapted. Hooker. CORRESPONDENT, kSr-re-sp&n'-dent. n. s. One with whom commerce is kept up by letters. Den- ham. CORRESPONDENTLY*, kor-re-sp6n'-dent-le. ad. In an according manner. Bp. Morton. CORRESPONSIVE, kor-re-sp&n'-slv. a. Answera- ble. Shakspeare. CO'RRIDOR, kor-re-dore'. n. s. [Fr.] The covert way lying round the whole compass of the fortifica- tions of a place. A gallery or long aisle round about a building. Harris. COBRIGIBLE, k&r'-re-je-bl. 405. [See To Col- lect.] a. [corrigo, Lat.] Capable of being amend- ed. Deserving of punishment. Howell. Correc- tive. Shakspeare. CORRFVAL, kor-rl'-val. n.s. Rival; competitor. Spenser. CORRFVAL*, k&r-ri'-val. a. Contending. Bp. Fleet- wood. To CORRFVAL*, k6r-ri'-val. v. n. To vie with. Fitzgeffry. CORR1VABITY* kor -re-vaF-e-te. ) n.s.Competi- CORRFVALRY, kor-ri'-val-re. S tion. More. CORRFVALSHIP* k6r-rl'-val-sh?p. n.s. Opposi- tion; rivalry. Sir T. Herbert. To CORRFVATEj*, k&r-rF-vate. v. a. [corrivo, Lat.] To draw water out of several streams into one. Burton. CORRIVA'TION* kor-re-va'-sh&n. n. s. The rut ning of waters together into one stream. Burton. CORROBORANT, kor-rob'-o-rant. a. Strengthen ing. Bacon. To CORROBORATE §, kor-rob'-o-rate. v. a. [cor- roboi-o, Lat.] To confirm ; to establish. Bacon. To strengthen. Bacon. CORROBORATE*, k6r-r6b'-6-rate. a. Strengthen ed ; confirmed. Bacon. CORROBORATION, kor-rob-d-ra'-sh&n. n. s. Th« act of strengthening or confirming. Sir T. Elycrt. CORROBORATIVE, kor-rob'-o-ra-l'lv. n. s. That which increases strength. Burton. CORROBORATIVE*, k6r-r6b'-6-ra-t?v. a. Having the power of confirming or establishing. Warbur- ton. To CORROBE§, kor-rode'. v.a. [corrodo, Lat.] To eat away by degrees ; to prey upon; to consume. Donne. CORROBENT, kor-ro'-dent. a. Having the power of wasting- any thing- away cdRR6 ; D^NT*r"k6r-r6'-dent. n. s. That which eats away. Bp. King. To CORROBIATE* kor-r6 / -de-ate. v. a. To eat away by degrees. Sandys. CORRODIBFLITY, kdr-ro-de-tfF-e-le. n. s. The quality of being corrodible. CORROB1BLE, k6r-r MB US, kb-rfm'-bbs. n.s. [Lat.] Among the ancient botanists, a bunch or cluster of berries : amongst modern, a compounded discous flower, such as the daisy, and common marigold. Quincy. CORYPHE'US*, kor-e-fe'-fis. ?i.s. [iconvepi,) The principal of those who compose the chorus in the ancient tragedy ; now a general name for a chief or principal of anv company. South. COSCJ'NOMANCY, k6-*m'-"6-man-se. n.s. [kovkIvov \ 31 and fiavraa.] The art of divination by means of a sieve. Chambers. COSE'CANT, ko-sc'-kant. n. s. The secant of an arch-, which is the complement of another to ninety degrees. Harris. To C( ) SEN*. See To Cozen. COSIER. ko'-zhe-Or. n.s. [cousu, old Fr.] A botch- er; a tailor. Shakspeare. COSIGN I FICATIVE*, k6-s?g-n?f -fe-ka-Uv. a. Hav- ing: 'lie same signification. Cockeram. CO'SINE, ko'-slne. n. s. The right sine of an arch, which is the complement of another to ninety de- grees. Harris. COSME TICK §*, koz-meY-lk. n. s. J K ooy»j™fr.] A preparation for improving beautv. Ran. COSMETICK, koz-met'-ik. a. Beautifying. Pope. COSMICAL$. koz'-me-kal. a. [k<5 156. «. s. COSMO POLITE, koz-m&p'-6-lite. \ [«^°? and ttoXittis .] A citizen of the world ; one who is at home in every place. Howell. CO'SSACKS*. kos'-saks. n. s. A people inhabiting the Ukraine, under the Russian government. MU- ton. COSSET, kos'-sftt. n. s. [cassiccio, Ital.] A lamb brought up without the dam. Spenser. COSSICK* kos'-sik. a. [cossa, Lat.] Relating to algebra. Bp. Hall. Ob. T. COST $, kost. n. s. [kost, Dutch.] The price of any thing. Sumptuousness ; luxury. Shak. Charge ; expense. Sid?iey. Loss ; fine ; detriment. Beaumont and Fletcher. COST*, kost. n. s. [cosia, Lat.] A rib, or side. B. Jonson. To COST, kost. v. n. [couster, Fr.] To be bought for. Dryden. COSTAL, kds'-tal. a. Belonging to the ribs. Brown. CO STARD, kos'-tard. n. s. [coster, a head.] A head. Shak. An apple round and bulky, like the head. Drayton. CO'STARD-MONGER*, k6s / -tard-mung'-gur. n. s. A dealer in apples. Burton. COSTER-MONGER*, kos'-tur-mnng'-gor. n.s. The same as costard-monger. Fotherby. COSTIVE §, kos'-tfv. 157. a. [canstipatus, Lat.] Bound in the body ; having the excretions obstruct- ed. Brown. Close ; unpermeable. Mortimer. Cold; formal. Lord Chesterfield. CO'STIVENESS, kos'-tlv-ne's. n. s. The state of the body in which excretion is obstructed. Harvey. Coldness ; stiffness. Wakefield. COSTLESS*, kost'-l^s. a. Costing nothing. Barrow. CO'STLINESS, kSst'-le-nes. n. s. Sumptuousness ; expensiveness. Sidney. CO'STLY, kost'-le. a. Expensive. Shakspeare. COSTMARY, kost'-ma-re. n. s. [costus, Lat.] An herb. Drayton. COSTREL, kos'-treM. n. s. [supposed from coster.] A bottle. Skinner. COSTUME*, kos-lime'. n.s. [costume, Fr.] [In cou cou ttJ* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m&;— pine, pin painting.] The strict observance of proper charac- ter as to persons and things. It is now generally applied in the sense of custom or manners. Douce. COSUFFERER* k6-suf -fur-fir. n. s. A fellow-suf- ferer. Wyclxerly. COSUPRE'ME*, ko-su-preem'. n. s. A partaker of supremacy. Sliakspeare. COAT, ^ At the end of the names of places, come COTE, > generally from the Saxon coc, a cottage. COT, ) Gibson. COT§, k6t. n. s. [cofc, Sax.] A small house ; a cot- tage. Sliakspeare. COT*, ) ,*. ( n. s. [/cotV^.] A small bed ; a cra- COTT*, $ k0L } die ; a hammock. Sir T. Herbert. COT*, I , 4. \ n. s. [cota, low Lat.] A little boat. COTT*, ) I Spenser. COT, k6t. n. s. [An abridgement of cotquean.] A cade-lamb. Grose. To COTA'BULATE*. See To Contabulate. COTA'NGENT, ko-uV-jent. n. s. The tangent of an arch which is the complement of another to ninety degrees. Harris. COTE*, k6te. n. s. [Sax.] A cottage. Warner. A sheepfold. 2 Chronicles. To COTE, kite. v. a. To leave behind, to overpass. Chapman. To COTE*. See To Quote, which was formerly written cote. COTE MPORARY. See Contemporary. COTERIE*, k6-te-ree'. n. s. [Fr.] A friendly or fashionable association. COTI'LLON*, ko-tiF-yfin. n.s. [cotillon, Fr.] A brisk lively dance, in which eight persons are usually employed. Gray. GOTLAND, kot'-land. n. s. Land appendant to a cottage. CO'TQUEAN, kot'-kwene. n.s. A man who busies himself with women's affairs. Shakspeare. CO TSWOLD*, kots'-w6ld. n. s. [cote and pold, Sax.] Sheepcots in an open country ; whence the large tract of downs called Cotswold Hills, in Glou- cestershire. COTTAGE, kof-taje. 90. n. s. A hut ; a cot. Zeph. CO TTAGED*, kdt'-taj'd. a. Having cottages. Col- lins. CO'TTAGELY*, kot'-taje-le. a. Rustick ; suitable to a cottage. Bp. Taylor. COTTAGER, kot'-ta-jfir. n. s. One who lives in a cottage. Swift. [In law.] One that lives on the common, without paying rent, and without any land of his own. Bacon. COTTER*, kot'-tfir. ) n. s. One who inhabits a CO'TTIER, kot'-yer. 113. $ cot. Bp. Hall. CO'TTON§, kof-tn. 170. n.s. [cotton, Fr.J The down of the cotton-tree. Wiseman. Cloth made of cotton. CO'TTON, k&t'-tn. n. s. A plant. Miller. To CO'TTON, kot'-tn. v. n. To vise with a nap. To cement ; to unite with. Swift. CO'TTONOUS*, kdt'-tn-fis. ) a. Full of cotton ; soft CO'TTONY*, k6t'-tn-e. ] as cotton. Evelyn. CO'TYLL*, S I cavity of a bone, which receives the end of another in articulation. A liquid measure in use among the ancients. To COUCH §, koutsh. 313. v.n. [coucher, Fr.] To lie down on a place of repose. SJiak. To lie down on the knees, as a beast to rest. Dryden. To lie down in secret, or in ambush. Shak. To lie in a bed, or stratum. Deuteronomy. To stoop, or bend down. Genesis. To COUCH, kd&tsh. v. a. To lie on a place of re- pose. SJiak. To lay down any thing in a bed, or stratum. Mortimer. To bed ; .to hide in another body. Bacon. To involve ; to include. Dryden. To hide. South. To lay close to another. Spenser. To fix the spftar in the rest ; in the posture of at- tack. Spenser. To depress the condensed crystal- line humour or film that overspreads the pupil of the eye. Sharp. COUCH, koutsh. n.s. A seat of repose. Milton. A bed Bale. A layer, or stratum. Mortimer. CO'UCHANT, kdutsh'-ant. a. Lying down ; squat- ting. Brown. CO' UCHEE, , kW-shee. n.s. [Fr.] Bedtime ; the time of visiting late at night. Dryden. CO'UCHER, kdtitsh'-ur. n. s. He that couches cata racts. A bedfellow. Colgrave. CO'UCHER*, k6utsh'-fir. n. s. [cachereau, Fr.] A register book in monasteries. Queen Elizabeth's Injunctions. CO'UCHFELLOW, k6utsh'-fel-l6. n. s. Bedfellow. Shakspeare. CO'UCHGRASS, koutsh'-gras.rc.s. A weed. Mor- timer. CO'UCHING*, koutsh'-lng. n. s. The act of bend- ing or bowing. Shakspeare. COUGH$, kof. 321. n. s. [kuef Goth.] A convulsion of the lungs, vellicated by some sharp serosity. Ba- con. To COUGH, kof. v. n. To make a noise in endeav- ouring to evacuate the peccant matter from the lungs. To COUGH, k&f. 391. v. a. To eject by a cough ; to expectorate. Wiseman. COUGHER, k&f-fur. 98. n. s. One that coughs. CO'UHAGE*, kou'-ldje. n. s. A kind of kidney- beans. COULD, k&d. 320. [See the word Been.] The im- perfect preterit of can. COULD*, kud. pret. of can, to know. COULTER, kile'-tfir. 318. n. s. [culton, Sax.] The sharp iron of the plough which cuts the earth. Hammond. CO'UNCIL §, kSun'-sfl. 313. n. s. [concilium, Lat.] An assembly of persons met together in consulta- tion. Mattlxew. Act of publick deliberation. Milton. An assembly of divines to deliberate upon religion. Watts. Persons called together to be consulted on any occasion, or to give advice. Bacon. The body of privy counsellors. Shakspeare. COU'NCIL-BOARD, kdun'-sll-bord. n. s. Council- table, where matters of state are deliberated. Clar- endon. CO'UNCIL-TABLE*, kdun -sll-ta-bl. n.s. Council- board. Milton. COUNDERSTA'NDING*, ko-fin-dur-sland'-mg. n. s. Mutual understanding. Howell. To COUNFTE§*, ko-yu-nhe'. v. a. To unite. More. COUNFTE*, ko-yu-nite'. a. United. More. CO'UNSEL$, kdun'-sel. 99. n.s. [consilium, Lat.] Advice ; direction. Bacon. Consultation ; inter- change of opinions. Sluik. Deliberation ; exami- nation of consequences. Hooker. Prudence ; art. Ecclus. Secrecy. Sliakspeare. Scheme; purpose. Psalm. Those that plead a cause. Shakspeare. $5= The difference of council and counsel is, in cursory speaking, almost undistinguishable. W. CO / UNSEL-KEEPER*,k6un / -s^l-keep-ur. n. s. One who can keep a secret. Shakspeare. CO / UNSEL-KEEPING*,kdun / -s£l-keep-?ng.a.That which preserves secrecy. Titus Andronicus. To CO'UNSEL, kotW-sel. 99. v. a. To give advice Shakspeare. To advise any thing. Dryden. CO'UNSELLABLE, k6un'-sel-a-bl. a. Willing to follow the advice of others. Clarendon. Advisa- ble. Lord Clarendon. COUNSELLOR, koiin'-sel-l&r. n. s. One that gives advice. Wisdom. Confidant; bosom friend. Wal ler. One whose province is to deliberate upon publick affairs. Shakspeare. A lawyer. Dryden. CO'UNSELLORSHIP, kSun'-se'-lur-ship. n. s. The office of a privy counsellor. Bacon. To COUNT §, kount. v. a. [compter, old Fr.] To num- ber ; to tell. Shak. To preserve a reckoning. Locke. To reckon 5 to place to an account. Gen, To esteem ; to account. Hooker. To impute to ; to charge. Rowe. To COUNT, kdunt. 313. i>. n. To found an account or scheme. Swifi. COUNT, kount. n. s. Number. Spenser. Reckon- ing ; number summed. Exodus. Estimation; ac- count. Spenser. [In law.] A charge in an indict- ment, or a declaration in pleading. 242 cou cou — n6, mdve, ndr, n6t ; — tube, tub, bull ; — oil ; — p6und ; — thin, mis. COUNT, k6flnt. tj. s. [conUe, Fr.] A title of foreign nobility ; supposed equivalent to an earl. Blaekstone. COUNT ABLE, kdun'-ttUbl. a. That which may be numbered. Spenser. COUNTENANCE $, k6fin-t£-nanse. n. s. [route- nance, Fr.] The form of the face; the system of the features. Air ; look. Sidney. Calmness of look. Dryden. Confidence of mien ; aspect of assurance. Sidney. Kindness or ill-will, as it appears upon the face. Spenser. Patronage ; support. Hooker. Superficial appearance ; show. Ascham. To COUNTENANCE, k6un'-te-nanse. v. a. To support. Exodus. To make a show of. Spenser. To keep up any appearance. Shakspeare. To en- courage. rVotton. CO'UNTENANCER, kSun'-te-nan-sur. n. s. One that countenances another. Beaumoid and Fletcher. COUNTER, kdun'-tfir. 98. n. s. A false piece of mo- ney used as a means of reckoning. Shak. Money, in contempt. Shak. The table on which goods are viewed in a shop. Dryden. A box for cash. Coles. A reckoner. Sherwood. Encounter ; trial of skill. Spenser. An auditor. Robert of Gloucester. That part of a horse's forehead that lies between the shoulder and under the neck. Farrier's Diet. CO INTER*, kfiun'-tur. 7?. s. A name of some pris- ons in London. Shakspeare. COUNTER, kdun'-tur. ad. [contra. Lat.] Contrary to. South. Contrarily to the right course. Slink. Contrary ways. Locke. The face, in opposition to the back. Sandys. This word is often found in composition, and may be placed before either nouns or verbs used in a sense of opposition. To COUNTERACT §, kdfln-t&r-akt'. v. a. To hin- der anything by contrary agencv. South. COUNTERACTION*, kdlm-tur-ak'-shun. n.s. Op- position. Johnson. COUNTERATTRA'CTION* koftn-tur-at-trak'- shfin. n. s. Opposite attraction. To COUNTERBALANCE §, k6un-tur-balManse. r. a. To weigh against. Boyle. £jT We may observe, in words compounded of counter, an evident tendency to that distinction that obtains be- tween the noun and the verb in dissyllables. Thus the verb to counterbalance has the accent on the third syl- lable, and the noun of the same form on the first, and so of the rest. 492. W. COUNTERBALANCE, kSfin'-tur-bal-l&nse. n. s. Opposite weight ; equivalent power. Dryden. COUNTERBOND*, koun'-tur-bdnd. *. I A coun- ter-surety. Sherwood. To CO'UNTERBUFF§, kMn-tiVbuf. v. a. To im- pel in a direction opposite to the former impulse. . Dn/den. COUNTERBUFF, kSun'-tur-buf. n. s. A blow in a contrary direction. Sidney. CO'UNT'ERCAST$*, kdun'-tur-kast. n. s. A trick; delusive contrivance. Spenser. COUNTERCASTER, koun'-tur-kas-tfir. n. s. An arithmetician ; a book-keeper. Shakspeare. COUNTERCHANGE$, koun'-tur-tshanje. n. s. [contrechanve, Fr.] Exchange ; reciprocation. Shak. To CO'UNTERCHANGE, keun-tur-tshanje'. v. a. To exchange. J. Hall. CO'UNTERCHARM§, kSiW-tur-tsharm. n.s. That bv which a charm is dissolved. Scott. jVCO'UNTERCHARM, kdun'-tftr-tsharm. v. a. To destroy the effect of an enchantment. Lord Falk- To COUNTERCHECK $, kfi&n-tfir-tshgk'. v. a. To oppose. Drayton. COUNTERCHECK, kfi&n'-tar-tshek. n.s. Stop; rebuke. Shakspeare. COUNTERDISTFNCTION*, kdun-tur-dls-tlngk'- sh&n. n. s. Contradistinction. More. To COUNTERDRA'W, kfiun-tur-drdw'. v. a. To copy a design by means of an oiled paper, whereon the strokes appearing through are traced with a pencil. Chambers. COUNTERE'VIDENCE,k6un-tur-eV-e-dense.«.s. Testimony by which the deposition of some former witness is opposed. Glanviue. COUNTERFA'ISANCE*. See Counterfesance To COUNTERFEIT $, kdfin'-tftr-f it. v. a. [contre /aire, Fr.] To forge. SlwJc. To imitate ; to copy Shakspeare. To COUNTERFEIT* kdtW-tur-fk v.n. To feign. Shakspeare. COUNTERFEIT, k6un'-tu:r-f1t. a. Forged ; ficti- tious. Ali /ton. Deceitful ; hypocritical. Roscommon. COUNTERFEIT, kdun'-tfir-fft. n. s. One who per- sonates another ; an impostor. Spenser. A forgery. Shak. A resemblance ; a likeness; a copy. ShaA\ COUNTERFEITER, kdftn'-tfir-flt-fir. n. s. A for- ger. Camden. An impostor. Sherwood. COUNTERFEITLY, kdiW-tar-flt-le. ad. Falsely ; fictitiously. Shakspeare. COUNTERFE'RMENT, kfiun-t&r-fer'-mcnt. n. s. Ferment opposed to ferment. Addison. COUNTERFESANCE, kdfin-tur-fe'-zanse. n. s. [contrefaisance, Fr.] The act of counterfeiting ; for- gery. Spenser. Ob. J. COUNTERFORT, kdun'-tfir-f&rt. n. s. Pillars serv- ing to support walls or terraces. Cha?nbers. COUNTERGA'GE, k6tW-tur-gaje. n.s. A method to measure the joints by transferring the breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be. Cliambers. COUNTERGUA'RD, k6iV-tur-gard. 92. n. s. A small rampart with a parapet and ditch. Military Diet. To COUNTERFNFLUENCE* kfifin'-lur-in'-fli- £nse. v. a. To hinder any thing by contrary influ- ence. Scott. COUNTERLIBRA'TION*. See Libration. COUNTERLFGHT, kdfln'-tfir-lke. *,i* A light op- posite to any thing, which makes it appear to a dis- advantage. Cliambers. To COUNTERMANDS, kdun-tur-mand'. 79. v. a. [contremander , Fr.] To order the contrary to what was ordered before. South. To oppose the orders of another. Hooker, To prohibit. Harvey. COUNTERMAND, k6un'-tur-mand. n.s. Repeal of a former order. Shakspeare. To COUNTERMARCH $, koun-t&r-martsh'. [See Counterbalance.] v.n. To march backward. COUNTERMARCH, kdun'-tar-martsh. «. *. Relro- cession ; march backward. Collier. Change of measures. Burnet. COUNTERMARK §, k6iV-tar-mark. n.s. A sec- ond or third mark put on a bale of goods. ' The mark of the goldsmiths' company. An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses. A mark added to a medal a long time after it is struck. Cliambers. To COUNTERMARK, kdfin-tur-m&rld v.a. A horse is said to be countermarked when his corner teeth are artificially made hollow. Farriers Did. COUNTERMINE $, kS&n'-tftr-mlne. n.s. A well or hole sunk into the ground, from which a gallery or branch runs out under ground, to seek out the ene- my's mine. Military Diet. Means of opposition, Sidney. A stratagem by which any contrivance is defeated. L' Estrange. To COUNTERMPNE, kSun-tur-mlne'. r, a. To delve a passage into an enemy's mine. To coun- terwork. Donne. COUNTERMOTION,koun-tur-m. ». To graze upon lands. Done?. To CREAK, kreke. r. n. Lcrwuer.oW FY.] To make a harsh, protracted noise. Dryden. CREAKING*, kre'-kfng. n. s. A harsh noise. Shakspeare. CREAM$. kreme. ?'. s. [/rra'wrt, Goth.] The unc- tuous or oily part of milk. Sliak. The best part of any thing. Heuyt. To CREAM, kreme. v. n. To gather on the surface. Shakspear&i To CREAM, kreme. v. a. To skim off the cream. Wodroephe's Fr. Gr. To take the flower and quintessence of any thing. Swift. CREAM-FACED, kreme'-faste. a. Pale 3 coward- looking. Shalcspeare. CRE'AMY, kre'-me. a. Having the nature of cream. Beaumont and Fletcher. CRE'ANCE, kre'-anse. n.s. [Fr.] A fine, small line , fastened to a hawk's leash when she is first lured. CREASE ft, krese. 427. n. s. [kroesen, Teut.] A mark made by doubling any thing. Sivift. To CREASE, krese. v. a. To mark any thing by doubling it. To CREATE §, kre-ate'. v. a. [creo, Lat/J To form out of nothing; to cause to exist. Genes-is. To pro- duce; to cause. Shak. To beget. To invest with any new character. Shak. To give any new qual- ities. Davies. CREATE*, kre-ate 7 . a. Begotten. Slunk. Com- posed ; made up. Shakspeare. CREATION, kre-a'-sh&n. n. s. The act of creating. Bp. Taylor. The act of investing with new qualities or character ; as, the creation of peers. The universe. Denham. Any thing produced, or caused. Shakspeare. CREATIVE, kre-a'-tlv. 157. a. Having the power to create. Thomson. Exerting the act of creation. South. CREATOR §, kre-a'-tfir. 166. n. s. [Lat.] The Be- ing that bestows existence. Milton. CREATRESS*, kre-a/-tres. n. s. She who makes anv thing. Spenser. CRE'ATL RE, kre'-tshure. 46 1 , 462. n. s. A being not self-existent, but created by the Supreme Power. Stilling fleet. Any thing created. Bacon. An animal, not human. Shak. A general term for man. Spenser. A word of contempt ibr a human being. Shak. A word of petty tenderness. *Shak. A person who owes his rise or his fortune to another. Clarendon. CRE'ATURELY, kre'-tshure-le. a. Having the qualities of a creature. Cheyne. CRE'ATURESHIP*, kreMshurc-shlp. n.s. The state of a creature. Dr. Cave. CRE'BRITUDE, kreb'-re-tude. n. s. [creber, Lat.] Frequentness. Diet. CRE'JoROUS, kreb'-rus. a. Frequent. Diet. CREDENCE §, kre'-dense. n. s. .[credo, Lat.] Be- lief; credit. Spenser. That which gives a claim to credit or belief. Hayivard. To CRE'DENCE*, kre'-dense. v. a. To believe. SkelUyi. Ob. T. CREDE'NDA, kre-den'-da. 92. n.s. [Lat.] Things to be believed ; articles of faith. South. CREDENT, kre'-dent. a. Believing ; easy of be- lief. Shakspeare. Having credit. Sliakspeare. CREDENTIAL*, kre-den'-shal. a. Giving a title to credit. CREDENTIAL, kre-den'-shal. n.s. That which gives a title to credit ; the warrant upon which be- lief is claimed. Addison. CREDIBILITY, kred-e-bll'-e-te. n.s. Claim to credit. Tiihtson. CRE'DIBLE $, kred'-e-bl. 405. a. [credibilis, Lat.] Worlhv of credit. Gower. CRE'DlBLENESS, kred'-e-bl-nes. n. s. Credibility; just claim to belief. Boyle. CRE'DIBLY, kr^d'-e-ble. ad. In a manner that claims belief. Bacon. m CREDITS, kred'-ft. n.s. [credit, Fr.] Belief of. 1 Mace. Honour ; reputation. Pope. Esteem ; food opinion. Bacon. Faith ; testimony. Hooker. 'rust reposed ; with regard to property: correla- tive to debt. Locke. Promise given. Addison. In- fluence ; interest. Sidney. To CRE'DIT, krtd'-h. v. a. To believe. Shak. To procure credit to any thing. Waller. To trust ; to confide in. To admit as a debtor. CRE'DITABLE, kred'-lt-a-bl. a. Reputable ; above contempt. A rbuthnol. Honourable ; estimable. Til- lolson. CRE'DITABLENESS, kred'-It-a-bl-nes. n.s. Rep- utation; estimation. Decay of Piety . CRE'DITABLY, kred'-lt-a-ble, ad. Reputably. South. CRE'DITOR, kred'-it-fir. 166. n.s. He to whom a debt is owed. Shak. One who credits ; one who believes. Shakspeare. CRETJITRIX* kred'-?t-r?ks. n. s. She to whom money is owed. Life of Cotton. kre-du/-le-te. n. Easiness of be- | CREDULITY, k lief. Sidnei/. CRE'DULOUS §, kred'-ju-lfis. 367, 293. a. [credu- ■ lus, Lat.] Apt to believe ; unsuspecting. Shak. CRE'DULOTJSLY* kred'-ju-lfis-le. ad. In an un- suspecting manner. Goodman. CRE'DULOUSNESS, kred'-ju-lus-nes.n.*. Credu- lity. Sir E. Sandys. CREED §, kreed. ?i. s. [cpeba, Sax.] A form of words in which the articles of faith are compre- hended. Hammond. Any solemn profession of principles. Shakspeare. To CREEK, kreek. v. a. To make a harsh noise. Shakspeare. CREEKS, kreek. 246. n.s. [cpecca, Sax.] A prom- inence or jut in a winding coast. Davies. A small port; a bay; a cove. Ads. Any turn, or alley. Shak. — Creek of day. The first appearance of the dawn. Turberville. CRE'EKY, kree'-ke. a. Full of creeks ; winding. Spenser. To CREEP S, kreep. 246. v. n. [pret. crept : cpypan. Sax.] To move as a worm. Milton. To grow along the ground, or on other supports. Dryden. To move forward as insects. To move slowly and feebly. Shak. To move secretly and clandestinely. Shak. To move timorously, without venturing into dangers. Dryden. To come unexpected. Sidney. To behave with servilitv; to fawn. Shakspeare. CREEPER, kree'-pur. 98. n. s. A plant that sup- ports itself by means of some stronger body. Bacon. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitchens. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. An in- sect. Burton. A small bird, called also the ox-eye. [In naval language.] A sort of grapnel, used lor recovering things that may be cast overboard. CRE'EP-HOLE, kreep'-hoie. n. s. A hole into which any animal may creep. A subterfuge; an excuse. CRE'EPINGLY, kreep'-Jng-le. ad. Slowly; after the manner of a reptile. Sidney. CRE'EPLE, kre'-pl. n. s. [qiypel, Sax.] A lame person; a cripple. Donne. "IN,' A burning-. CREMATION .'kre-ma'-shun. n.s. [crematio, Lat.] CRE r MG'K, kre/-mor../?.s. [Lat.] A soft liquor resembling cream. Ray. CRE'MOSIN*. See Crimosin. CRE'NATED, kren'-at-ed. a. [crena,L&t] Notched, indented. Woodward. CREOLES*, kre'-olz. n. s. Such as are descended from the Spaniards; natives of Spanish America. Guthrie. CRETANE, kre'-pan. n. s. An ulcer seated in the midst of the forepart of the foot of a horse. Far- rier's Diet. To CRETITATE S, krep'-e-tate. 91. v.n. [crepito, Lat.] To make a small, crackling noise; to break wind. Cockeram. CREPITATION, krep-e-ta'-shon. n. s. A small, crackling noise. 6 249 cm cm ID 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me, met ;— pine, pin 5- CREPT, krfipt. part, from cree». CREPU'SCULE§, kre-pfis'-kule. n. s.\crepusculum, Lat.] Twilight. Diet. CREPU'SCULINE*, kre-pus'-ku-lin. a. Glimmer- ing-; cepusculous. Sprat. CREPU'Si ^ULOUS, kre-pfis'-ku-las. a. Glimmer- ing'. Glam dlle. CRE'SCENT §, kres'-sent. a. [cresco, Lat.] Increas- ing ; growing. Shafcspeare. CRE'SCENT, kres'-sent. n. s. The moon in her state of increase. Slwkspeare. To CRE'SCENT*, kres'-sent. v. a. To form into a crescent. Seward. CRE'SCIVE, kres'-siv. 158. a. Increasing; grow- ing. Slwkspeare. CRESS. kres. n. s. An herb. Miller. CRE'SSET, kres'-set. 99. n.s. [croisette, Fr.] A great light set upon a beacon, or watch-tower. Shak. Simply, a lamp, or torch. Holinshed. CREST $, krest. n. s. [cpserta, Sax.] The plume of feathers on the top of the ancient helmet; the helmet. Shak. The comb of a cock. Milton. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. Canteen. Any tuft or ornament on the head. Dryden. Pride; spirit; fire. Shakspeare. To CREST*, kr§st. v. a. To mark with long streaks. To serve as a crest for. Slwkspeare. CRE'STED, kres'-ted. a. Adorned with a plume or crest. Milton. Wearing a comb. Dniden. CREST-FALLEN, krest'-faln. a. Dejected; sunk; dispirited. Shakspeare. CRE'STLESS, krest'-les. a. Not dignified with coat- armour. Slwkspeare. CRETA'CEOUS § kre-ta'-shfis. a. [creta, Lat.] Having the qualities of chalk. Grew. Abounding with chalk. Phillips. CRETA'TED, kre'-ta-ted. a. Rubbed with chalk. Diet. CRE'TICK*, kre'-tik. n. s. [/c^™^.] A foot used in Greek and Latin poetry, consisting of a short syllable between two iong. "Bentley. CEE'VICE $, krev'-k 140. n. s. [crevis, old Fr.). A crack ; a cleft. Spectator. ToCRE'VICE, krev'-k v. a. To crack; to flaw. Woiton. CRE'VISSE*, ( krev'-k n.s. Cray-fish. S/mY/i. CREW §, krob. 339. 77.5. [cjiuS, Sax.] A company of people associated for any purpose. Spenser. The company of a ship. Dryden. CREW, kr66. The preterit of crow. CRE'WEL, kroo'-il. 99. n. s. [klewel, Dutch.] Yarn twisted and wound on a knot or ball. Burton. CRIB §, krib. n. s. [cpybb, Sax.] The rack or man- ger of a stable. Shak. The stall or cabin of an ox. Prov. A small habitation ; a cottage. Sliak. To CRIB, krib. v. a. To confine ; to cage. Slunk. CRI'BBAGE, krib'-bidje. 90. n. s. A game at cards John Hall. > CRI'BBLE§, krib'-bl. n.s. [crible, old Fr.] Acorn sieve. Diet. Coarse meal, a degree better than bran. CRFBBLE Bread*. Bread made of coarse meal. Huloet. To CRFBBLE*, krib'-bl. v. a. To sift or cribble through a sieve. Lyttelton. CRIBRA'TION, krl-bra'-sh&n. 123. n. s. [cribro, Lat.] The act of sifting or separating by a sieve. CRICK, krlk. n. s. [cricco, Ital.] The noise of a door. A painful stiffness in the neck. L' Estrange. CRFCKET, krik'-kit. 99. n.s. [krelcel, Dutch.] An insect that squeaks or chirps about ovens and fire- places. Shak. A sport at 'which the contenders drive a ball with sticks. Pope. A low seat or stool. CRFCKETING Apple, n. s. A small species of CR^ER, kri'-Qr. 98. n.s. [crieur, old Fr.] The of- ficer whose business is to cry or make proclama- tion. Ecclus. CRIME §, krlme. n. e. [crimen, Lat.] An act con- trary to right ; an offence ; a great fault ; an act of wickedness. Spenser. Reproach : a Latinism. Milton, Enormously ; CRI'MEFUL, krlme'-ful. a. Wicked. Faulty in a high degree. Slwkspeare. CRIMELESS, krlme'-l£s. a. Innocent; without crime. Slwkspeare. CRFMINAL, krim'-e-nal. 88. a. Faulty; contrary to right ; contrary to law. Spenser. Guilty ; taint- ed with crime. Rogers. Not civil : as, a criminal prosecution. Blackstone. CRFMINAL, krim'-e-nal. ?i. s. A man accused. Dry- den. A man guilty of a crime. Bacon. CRIMINA'LITY*, krim-e-nal'-e-te.M.s. A criminal action, case, or cause. Bp. Watson. CRFMINALLY, krim'-e-nal-le. ad. Wickedly ; guilt ily. Rogers. CRFMINALNESS, krim'-e-nal-nes. n. s. Guiltiness. To CRFMINATE* krim'-e-nile. v. a. To accuse : to charge with crime. Ld. North. CRIMINATION, krim-e-na'-shun. n.s. Accusation; charge. Bp. Hall. CRIMINATORY, krim'-e-na-tfir-re. 512. a. Ac- cusing ; censorious. CRFMINOUS, krim'-e-nus. a. Wicked; iniquitous; enormously guilty. Bp. Hall. CRFMINOUSLY, krim'-e-nfis-le. ad. very wickedly. Hammond. CRFMINOUSNESS,krim'-e-nus-nes. n. s. Wicked- ness; guilt; crime. King Charles. CRFMdSIN, krlm'-zn. a. [cremosino, Ital.] A spe- cies of red colour tinged with blue. Spenser. Com- monly written crimson. CRIMP §, krimp. a. [acpymman, Sax.] Friable; brittle; easily crumbled. Phillips. Not consistent ; not forcible. Arbuthnot. CRIMP*, krimp. n. s. A game at cards formerly. B. Jonson. One who decoys others into military ser- vice : a low word. To CRIMP*, krimp. v. a. [^e-cpympfc, Sax.] To curl or crisp the hair. To CRI'MPLE, krim'-pl. 405. v. a. [krimpen, Teut.] To contract; to corrugate. Wisenw.it. CRFMSON§, krim'-zn. 170. n.s. [cremosino, Ital.] Red, somewhat darkened with blue. Boyle. Red in general. Shakspeare. CRI'MSON*, krim'-zn. a. Red, somewhat darkened with blue. Prior. Red, in general. Shakspeare. To CRFMSQN, krim'-zn. v. a. To dye with crimson. Shakspeare. CRFNCUM, kringk'-om. n. s. A cramp ; a contrac tion; whimsy. Hudibras. CRINGE, krinje. n. s. Bow ; servile civility. Howell. To CRINGE §, krinje. v. a. [kriechen, German.] To draw together; to contract. Slwkspeare. lb CRINGE, krinje. v. n. To bow; to fawn; to flatter. Bp. Hall. CRFNGER*, krin'-jar. n. s. One who is always bow- ing for some mean purpose ; a flatterer. CRlNFGEROUS, krl-nid'-je-rus. 123. a. [criniger, Lat.l Hairy; overgrown with hair. Diet. CRFNITE*, kri'-nite. 140, 154. a. [crinitus, Lat.] Having the appearance of hair. Fairfax. To CRI'NKLE $ ; kriug / -kl.«.n. [krinckelen, Dutch.] To go in and out; to run in flexures. King. To CRFNKLE, kring'-kl. v. a. To mould into ine- qualities. Skelton. CRFNKLE, kring'-kl. n.s. A wrinkle; a sinuosity Search. CRFNOSE§, krl-n6se'. a. [crinis, Lat.] Hairy. Diet. CRINO'SITY. krl-n&s'-e-te. n. s. Hairiness. Diet. CRFPPLE $, krip'-pl. 405. n. s. [cjiypel, Sax.] A lame man. Shakspeare. CRFPPLE*, krip'-pl. a. Lame. Shakspeare. To CRFPPLE, krip'-pl. v. a. To lame; to make lame. Slwkspeare. CRFPPLENESS, krip'-pl-n^s. n. s. Lameness. Diet. CRI'SIS, krl'-sk n. s. [>cp<.] An amphibious, voracious animal, found in Egypt and the Indies. Calmet. A little animal, otherwise called stinx. Trevoux. $CT Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, and Perry, make the i in the last syllable short, as I have done ; and Buchanan is the only one who makes it long. W. CRO'CUS, kro'-kfls. n. s. [crocus, Lat.] A flower Thomson. CROFT, kr&ft. n. s. [cjiopfc, Sax.] A little close joining to a house, used for corn or pasture. Milton. CkOISA'DE, kroe-sude'. (n.s. [croisade, Fr.] A CROISA'DO, kr6e-sa'-d6. $ holy war ; a war car- ried on against infidels under the banner of the cross. Bacon. CROl'SES, krde'-se'z. n. s. Pilgrims who carry a cross. Soldiers who fight under the banner of the cross. Bvrke. CRO'MLECHE*. [carem-luach, Heb.] Huge, broad, flat stones, raised upon other stones set up on end for that purpose, and supposed to be the remains of altars. Rowland. CRONE, kr6ue. n. s. [cpone, Sax.] An old ewe. Tusser. In contempt, an old woman. Shak. CRO'NET,kr6'-n£t. n. s. The hair which grows over the top of a horse's hoof. CrSwYCAL* ( kron'-e-kal. See Acronycal. CRO'NY, kr6'-ne. n. s. An old acquaintance; a com- panion of long standing. Hudibras. CROOK §, kroOk. [kruk, Perry and Jones.] n s. \crok, Celt.] Any crooked or bent instrument. A sheep- hook. Cowley. Any thing bent; a meander. Sidney. An artifice ; a trick. Cranmer. A gibbet. Spenser To CROOK, krook. v. a. To bend; to turn into a hook. Shak. To bend, figuratively; to thwart. Bp. Fisher. To pervert from rectitude. Bacon. To CROOK, krook. v. n. To be bent. Camden. CRO'OKBACK, kroSk'-bak. n. s. A man that has gibbous shoulders. Shakspeare. CRO'OKBACKED, kr66k'-bakt. 359. a. Having bent shoulders. Dryden. CROOK-KNEED*, kr66k'-need. a. Having crooked knees. Shakspeare. CROOK-SHOULDERED*, kr55k-sh6le -durd. a Having bent shoulders. South. CROO'KED, kr66k'-ed. 366. a. Bent; not straight. Newton. Winding; oblique. Locke. Perverse ; untoward; without rectitude of mind. Deut. CROO'KEDLY, krc6k'-§d-le. ad. Not in a straight line. Uhtowardly ; not compliantly. Bp. Taylor. CROO'KEDNESS, kr66k'-(kl-n§s. n. s. Deviation from straightness; curvity. Hooker. Deformity of a gibbous body. Bp. Taylor. Lewdness; depravi- ty ; perverseness. Barret. To CROO'KEN*, krook' -kn. v. a. To make crooked. Homilies. CROP§, krop. n.s. [cpop, Sax.] The craw of a bird. Ray. CRO'PFUL, krop'-ful. a. Satiated; with a full belly. Milton. CROP-SICK, krop'-slk. a. Sick with repletion. Beaumont and Fletcher. CROP-SICKNESS*, kr&p'-sik-nfe. «• *■ Sickness arising from repletion. Whitlock. CROP §, krop. n. s. [cpopp, Sax.] The highest pari or end of any thing. Chaucer. The harvest; the corn gathered off a field. Spenser. Any thing cut off. Dryden. To CROP, krop. v. a. To cut off' the ends of an) thing ; to mow ; to reap. Shak. To gather before it falls. Milton. To CROP, krop. v. re. To yield harvest. Shakspeare CROP-EAR*, krop'-eer. n. s. A horse having his ears cropped. Shakspeare. CROP-EARED*, krop'-eerd. a. Having the ears cropped. B. Jonson. CRO'PPER, krop'-pfir. n. s. A kind of pigeon with a large crop. Walton. CRO'SIER, kr6'-zhe-er. 451, 453. n. s. [crovser, Fr.] The pastoral staff' of a bishop, which has a cross upon it. Bacon. CRO'SLET, kros'-let. 99. n. s. [croisselet, Fr.] A small cross. Spenser. A crucible. Chaucer. CROSS §,kros.7<.s. [croes, Welsh.] One straight body laid at right angles over another ; the instrument by which the Saviour of the world suffered death Bacon. The ensign of the Christian religion Spenser. A monument with a cross upon it to ex« 251 CRO CRO dF 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met 5— pine, pin ;— cite devotion ; such as were anciently set in mar- ket-places. SlwJc. A line drawn through another. Hudibras. Any thing that thwarts; hinderance 5 vexation ; opposition ; trial of patience. Sidney. Money so called, because marked with a cross. Howell. — Cross and Pile: a play With money. Hudibras. Church lands in Ireland. Sir J. Da- vies. CROSS, kr6s. a. Transverse. Newton. Oblique 5 lateral. Shale. Adverse; opposite. Dryden'. Per- verse; untractable. South. Peevish; fretful. Tay- lor. Contrary ; contradictory. South. Contrary to wish; unfortunate. South. Interchanged. Sid- ney. CROSS, kros. prep. Athwart; transversely. Knolles. Over ; from side to side. Shakspeare. To CROSS, kros. v. a. To lay one body, or draw one line, athwart another. Hudibras. To sign with the cross. Dry den. To cancel : as, to cross an article. To pass over. Temple. To move lat- erally, obliquely, or athwart. Spenser. To thwart ; to embarrass ; to obstruct ; to hinder. Hooker. To counteract; to be inconsistent with. Locke. To contravene; to hinder by authority; to counter- mand. Spe?i krum'-e-naM. n. s. [crumena, Lat.] A purse. Spenser. CRU'MMABLE*, krum'-ma-bl. a. Capable of being broken into small pieces. CRU'MMY, krunV-me. a. Soft. CRUMP §, krump. a. [cpump, Sax.] Crooked. Bp. Taylor. CRUMP-SHOULDERED, krurnp-shile'-durd. a. Having crooked shoulders. L' 'Estrange. CRU'MPET* ; krum / -pet.«.s. [cjiompehfc, Sax,] A soft cake. To CRU'MPLE, krum'-pl. v. a. [rumple, Dutch.] To draw into wrinkles. Beaumont and Fletcher. To CRU'MPLE*, krum'-pl. v. n. To shrink up; to contract. Smith. CRU'MPLING, krump 7 -ling. n. s. A small, degen- erate apple. To CRUNK, ki-uuk. )v.n. To cry like a To CRU'NKLE, krimg'-kl. S crane. Diet. CRU'OR* kruS'-ur. n. s. [Lat.] Gore ; coagulated blood. Greenhill. CRUP*, krfip. n. s. The buttocks. CRUP* krup. a. Short ; brittle. CRUTPER, krup'-pur. 98. n. s. [croupe, Fr.] That part of the horseman's furnuure that reaches from the saddle to the tail. Sidney. CRU'RAL, krSo'-ral. a. [crural, Fr.] Belonging to the leg. Arbuthnol. CRUSA'DE, kroo-sade'. )n.s. An expedition CRUSA'DO, kr63-sa'-d6. S against the infidels. Shenstone. A coin stamped with a cross. Shak. CRUSATJER* kr56-sa'-dur. n. s. One employed in a crusade. Robertson. CRUSE. See Cruise. CRU'SET, kroo'-slt. 99. n. s. A goldsmith's melting pot. Phillips. To CRUSH §, krush. v. a. [ecraser, Fr.] To press between two opposite bodies; to squeeze. Num. To press with violence. Shak. To overwhelm; to beat down. Slunk. To subdue ; to conquer be- yond resistance. Spenser. To CRUSH a Cup. To empty a cup ; to drink to- gether. Shakspeare. To CRUSH, krfish. v. n. To be condensed. CRUSH, krush. n. s. A collision ; the act of rushing together. Addison. CRU'SHER*, krfish'-fir. n. s. A violent breaker. CRUSTS, kr&st. n. s. [crusta, Lat.] Any shell or ex 253 CRY cue O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel ;— pine, pin ;- ternal coat. Addison. An incrustation ; collection of matter into a hard body. Addison. The case of a pie made of meal, and baked. Addison. The outer hard part of bread. Dryden. A waste piece of bread. Dryden. To CRUST, kr&st. v. a. To envelope ; to cover with a hard case. Dryden. To foul with concretions. Swift. To CRUST, krust. v.n. To gather or contract a crust. Temple. CRUSTA'CEOUS, krds-ta'-shus. 357. a. Shelly, with joints ; not testaceous 5 not with one continued, uninterrupted shell. Woodward. CRUSTA'CEOUSNESS, kr&s-ta'-shfis-nes. n. s. The auality of having- jointed shells. CRUST A'TION*, krus-ta'-shfin. n. s. An adherent covering ; an incrustation. Pegge. CRUSTILY, kr&s'-te-le. ad. Peevishly 5 snappishly. CRUSTINESS, krfis'-te-nes. n.s. The quality of a crust. Peevishness; moroseness. CRUSTY, kms'-te. a. Covered with a crust. Dr. Favour. Sturdy ; morose ; snappish. Preston. CRUTCH §, krutsh. n. s. [crucke, Germ.] A support used by cripples. Shale. It is used tor old age. • SlwJcspeare. To CRUTCH, krutsh. v. a. To support on crutches as a cripple. Dryden. CRUX*, kruks. n. s. [Lat.] Figuratively, any thing that vexes or puzzles. Dr. Sheridan. CRUZA'DO*. See Crusado. To CRY §, krl. v. n. [crier , Fr.] To speak with ve- hemence. Sliak. To call importunately. Jonah. To talk eagerly or incessantly. Exod. To proclaim 5 to make publick. Jer. To exclaim. Shak. To utter lamentations. Shak. To squall, as an infant. Denlmm. To weep. Donne. To utter an inarticu- late voice, as an animal. Psalm. To yelp, as a hound on a scent. Shak. To proclaim as a hawk- er. Beaumont and Fletcher. To call for vengeance or punishment. St. James. To CRY, krl. v. a. To proclaim publickly something lost or found. Crashaw. To CRY down, krl-d6un'. v. a: To blame ; to depre- ciate. "Watts. To prohibit. Bacon. To overbear. Shakspeare. To CRY out, kri-6ut'. v. n. To exclaim; to scream. Job. To complain loudly. Atterbury. To blame ; to censure. Shak. To declare loud. To be in labour. Sliakspeare. To CRY up, krl-fip'. v. a. To applaud; to praise. Bacon. To raise the price by proclamation. Temple. CRY, krl. n, s. Lamentation; shriek; scream. Exo- dus. Weeping; mourning. Clamour; outcry. Dryden. Exclamation of triumph or wonder. Swift. Proclamation. The hawkers' proclama- tion of wares ; as, the cries of London. Acclama- tion ; popular favour. Sh/xkspeare. Voice ; utter- ance. Locke. Importunate call. Jeremiah. Yelp- ing of dogs. Waller. Yell; inarticulate noise. Zeph. A pack of dogs. Sliakspeare. CRY'AL, krl'-al. ft. 5. The heron. Ainsworth. CRY'ER. See Crier. CRY'ER, krl'-ur. 166. n. s. A kind of hawk called the falcon gentle. Ainsworth. CRYTNG#,kri'-mg, n.s. Importunate call, or outcry. Sir T. Elyot. CRYPT §*, kr?pt. n. s. [k^tt™.] A subterranean cell or cave ; especially under a church, for the inter- ment of particular persons; a subterranean orato- ry or chapel ; the grave of a martyr. CRY'PTICAL, krlp'-te-kal. ) a. Hidden ; secret. CRY'PTICK, krW-tlk. S Glanville. CRYPTICALLY, krlp'-te-kal-le. ad. Occultly, se- cretly. CRYPTO GAMY*, krfp-t&g'-a-me. n. s. frptfirra and ya/*oj.] [In botany.] Applied to a genus of plants whose fructification is concealed. Pennant. CRYPTOGRAPHY, krlp-t&g'-gra-fe. 518. n. s. [/cpn-o) and ypa0u.] The art of writing secret characters. Secret characters ; ciphers. CRYPTO'LOGY, kr?p-t&l'-l6-je. 413. n. s. [/cpv*™ and Atfyoy.l Enigmatical language. CRY'STAL §, krls'-tal. n.s. [/cp' r s6. n. s. [ltal.] A curious person ; a virtuoso. Life of A. Wood. CU'RIOUS$, ku'-re-us. 314. a. [curiosus, Lat.j In- quisitive ; desirous of information. Ecclzts. Atten- tive to ; diligent about. Woodward. Accurate ; careful not to mistake. Hooker. Difficult to please ; solicitous of perfection. Taylor. Exact ; nice ; subtle. Holder. Artful ; not neglectful ; nicely dili- JEtetrt. Fairfax. Elegant 5 neat; -laboured. Exodus. Rigid ; severe ; rigorous. Shaksj>eare. CU'RIOUSLY. kiV-re-us-!e. ad. Inquisitively ; at- tentively. SM/ct. Elegantly ; neatly. South. Art- lullv ; exactly. Psalm. Captiously. CU RIOUSNESS*, ku'-re-us-nes. n. inquisitiveness. Sir W. Alexander South. Nicety. Spenser. CURL, kfl'rl. n. s. A ringlet of hair. Sidney ration ; wave ; sinuosity ; Bexure. Newton. 7b CURL $, kfirl. v.a. [cypjian, Sax.] To turn the hair in ringlets. Shale. To -writhe ; to twist. B-avj- morU with curls. Shak. To in waves, undulation'-, or sinuosities. Shak. To CURL, kr'n-1. v. n. To shrink into ringlets. Boyle. To rise in undulations. Drvden, To twist itself. Dryden. To shrink back. U. Jmyson. CURL-HEADED*, kurl'-hed-ed. )a. Having the CURLED-PATE*, kfirld'-pate. ] hair juried. Slwdcispeore. CU'RLEW, kiV-li\. n. s. {cow-lieu, Fr.] A kind of water-fowl. Ctrew. A bird larger than a par- tridge, with longer legs. Trevonx. CU'RLINESS*. kflrMe-nes. n. s. The state of any thing curled. CURLING-IRONS*, kurMmg-l'-urnz. n. s. An in- vention to curl the hair with. Johnson. CU'RLINGLY*. kiV-Ung-le. ad. In a waving fash- ion or manner. Shenrood. CU RLY*, kCir'-le. a. Inclining to curl. CURW'DGEONsS kfir-mfid'-jun. 259. n. s. An avaricious, churlish fellow ; a miser ; a niggard ; a churl. Hudibras. CURMUDGEONLY, kur-m&d/-j5n-le. 259: a. Ava- ricious ; covetous ; churlish. L Estrange. CURRANT, kfiy-ran. n. s. [from Coriialius, whence probably this fruit was first brought to us.] A small Fruit tree. A small dried grape. King. CU'RRENCY, kiV-ren-se. n. s. Circulation ; power of passing from hand to hand. Swift. General re- ception. Fluency ; readiness of utterance. Con- tinuance; constant flow. Aidiffe. General esteem ; the rate at which any thing is vulgarly valued. Bacon. The papers stamped in the English colo- nies bv authority, and passing for money. CU'RRENT§, kfiV-rent. a. [currens, Lat.] Passing from hand to hand. Genesis. Generally received;! 33 uncontradicted. Sidney. Common ; general. Watts. Established by vulgar estimation. Grew. Fashion- able; popular. Pope. Passable; such as may no allowed. Shak. What is now ^dsshig; as. the current year. CU'RRENT, kor'-rent. n.s. A running stream. Shak. Currents are certain progressive motions of the water of the sea in several places. Harris. Course ; progression* Bacon. CURRENTLY, kfir'-rent-le. ad. In a constant mo- tion. Without opposition. Hooker. Popularly ; fashionably. CURREN'fNESS, kiV-rent-nes. n. s. Circulation. General reception. Easiness of pronunciation. Camden. CU'RRICLE*, kur'-re-kl. 405. n.s. [curricula, Lat.] A course. Brown. A chariot. In modern times, an open chaise with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. CU'RRIER, kfir'-re-Cir. n.s. [coriarius, Lat.] One who drosses and pares leather. Dri/den. CU'RRISH, kiV-rlsh. a. [from car.] Having the qualities of a degenerate dog ; brutal ; sour; quar- relsome. Sidney. CU'RRISHLY* knV-rlsh-le. ad. In a brutal or ma- lignant manner. Foxe. CU'RRISHNESS*. kur'-r&b-nes. n.s. Moroseness, churlishness., Feltham. 7bCU'RRY$, k&r'-re. v.a. [courroyer, Fr.j To dress leather,. b\ r beating and rubbing it. To beat ; to drub. Barret. To rub a horse with a scratching instrument so as to smooth his coat. Beaum. and Fl. To scratch in kindness; to rub down with flattery. Shakspmre. To CU'RRY Favour. Properly facel, a metaphor from the stable. To become a favourite by petty officiousness, or flattery. Hooker. CU'RRY*, kfir'-re. n.s. A word imported from die East Indies, denoting a mixture of various eatables, a very relishable composition. CU'RKYCOMB, kur'-re-k6me. n. s. An iron instru- ment for currying horses. Locke. CU'RRYING* kur'-re-'fng. n. s. Rubbing down a horse. Bacon. To CURSE $, kinse. v.a. [cup r »an. Sax.] To wish evil 10 ; to execrate ; to devote. Numbers. To mis- chief 5 to afflict; to torment. Pope. To CURSE, kfirse. v. n. To imprecate. Jnd. CURSE. Iffirse. n.s. Malediction: Job. Affliction; torment; vexation. Addison. CU'RSED, kftr'-sed. 3()2. part. a. Deserving a tjursc ; hateful; detestable. Shak. Unholy; unsanctiJien : blasted by a curse. Milton. Vexatious : trouble- some. Dryden, CU'RSEDLY. laV-sed-le. 364. ad. Miserably; shamefully : a low. cant word. Pope. CU'RSEDNESS. kiV-sed-nes. n.s. The state of heimr under a curse. kurs'-fir. n. s. One that utters curses. CU'RSER Dryden. CU'RSHIP, luV-sh?p n.s. Dogship; meanness. Hudibras. CU'RSING*. kSrsMng. n.s. An execration. Joshua. CU'RSITOR, kiV-se-tor. n.s. [Lat.] An officer belonging to the chancery, that makes out origin- al writs. Cowel. CU / RSORARY,kfir'-s6-ra-re.<<. {cams, Lat.] Cur- sorv ; hasty. S'aakspeare. CU'RSORILY. k-V-so-re-le. ad, Hastily. Smith. CU'RSORINESS, laV-so-re-nes. ». s. Slight at- tention. CU'RSORY^ktV-so-re. a. {cu-sorius, Lat.~] Hasty; quick; inattentive. Addison, Going about; not stationary. Proceedings against Garnet. CURST $,*korst. a. Froward ; peevish; malignant; mischievous ; snarling. AscJiam. CU'RSTNESS, kurst'-nes. n.s. Peevishness; fro- wardness; malignity. Shahpeare. fTJRT. kurt. a. [cicrtus, Lat.] Short. Brown. T^CU'RTAILS, kdr-tale'. v.a. {curio, Lat.] To cut off; to cut short. Shakspeare. CU'RTAIL Dog. n.s. Adog faced, or mutil- 25,' cus CUT O* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pm according to the forest laws, whose tail is cut off, and who is therefore hindered in coursing. Sliak. CURTATLER* kur-tale'-ur. n. s. One who cuts off any thing. Walerland. CURTAILING*, kur-tale'-lng. ».*. Abbreviation. Swift. CU'RTAIN §, kur'-tln. 208. n. s. [courtine, old Fr.] A cloth contracted or expanded at pleasure. Ar- buthnol. — To draw the curtain. To close it so as to shut out the light, or conceal the object, or to open it so as to discern the object. Burnet. Shak. [In fortification.] That part of the wall that lies be- tween two bastions. Knolles. CURTAIN-LECTURE, kiV-tln-lek'-tshiire. n. s. A reproof given by a wife to her husband in bed. Dryden. To CU'RTAIN, kur'-ffn. v. a. To accommodate with curtains. Shakspeare. CUTvTAL*, kur'-tal. n. s. [courtault, Fr.] A horse with a docked tail. B. Jonson. CU'RTAL*, kur'-tal. a. Brief, or abridged. Milton. CU'RTATE DISTANCE, kur'-tate-dls'-tanse. n.s. The distance of a planet's place from the sun, re- duced to the ecliptick. CURTA'TION, kfir-ta'-shun. n. s. The interval be- tween a planet's distance from the sun and the cur- tate distance. Chambers. CU'RTELASSE. ) ~ «, - iM CU'RTELAX. 5 See Cutlass. CU'RTILAGE* kur'-ttl-aje. n. s. [couHillage, old Fr.] A garden, yard, or rield, lying near to a mes- suage. CU'RTLY*. kurt'-le. ad. Briefly. Gayton. CU'RTSY. kurt'-se. See Courtesy. CU'RULE*, ku'-rule. a. [curulis, Lat.] An epithet applied to the chair in which the Roman magis- trates had a right to sit. Hudibras. CU'RVATED.koy-va-ted. a. [curtains, Lat.] Bent; crooked. CURVA'TION, kur-va'-shun. n. s. The act of bend- ing or crooking. Pearson. CU'RVATURE, kur'-va-tshure. 461. n. s. Crooked- ness. CJieyne. CURVE, kurv. a. Crooked ; bent. Bentley. CURVE, kurv. n. s. Anv thing bent. To CURVED korv. v. a. [curvo, Lat.] To bend; to crook. Holder. To CURVE'Ty, kfir-vet'. r. n. [corr.ettare, Ital.] To leap; to bound. Shak. To frisk ; to be licentious. CU'RVET, kfir-vet'. n. s. A leap; abound. Fuller. A frolick ; a prank. CURVILI'NEAR. kfir-ve-lln'-yar. a. [curims and linea, Lat.] Consisting of a crooked line. Clieyne. Composed of crooked lines. CU'RVITY, kfir'-ve-te. n. s. Crookedness. Holder. CUSHION §, kush'-m, or kush'-fin. 289. n. s. [cous- sin, Fr.] A pillow for the seat ; a soft pad placed upon a chair. Shakspeare. §Cj~ I have given this word two sounds: not that I think they are equally in use: I am convinced the first is the more general; but because the other is but a triflin" departure from it, and does not contradict the universal rule of pronouncing words of this termination. TV. CU SHIONED, kfish'-lnd. 359. a. Sealed on a cush- ion. Dissertation on Paiiies. CUSHIONET*, kush'-m-et. n. s. A little cushion. Beaumont. CUSP§, kfisp. n.s. [cuspis, Lat.] A term used to express the ]x>ints or horns of the moon, or other luminarv. Harris. CUSPATED, kfis'-pa-ted. )a. A word ex- CUSPIDATED, kiV-pe-da-t^d. $ pressing the leaves of a flower ending in a point. CUSPIDAL*, kfis'-pe-daf. a. Sharp; ending in a point. More. To CUSPIDATE*, kus'-pe-date. v. a. To sharpen. Cockeram. CUSPIS*, kfis'-pis.n.s. [Lat.] The sharp end of a thing. More. CUSTARD, kus'-tfird. 88. n.s. [cwstard, Welsh.] A kind of sweetmeat made by boiling eggs with milk and sugar till the whole thickens into a mass. Hudibras. CUSTODIAL*, kfis-t6'-de-al. a. Relating to custo- dy, or guardianship. Lett, to the Bp. of RocJiester. CUSTODY §, kfis'-td-de. n.s. [custodia, Lat.] Im- prisonment ; restraint of liberty. Bacon. Care ; guardianship; charge. Numbers. Defence ; preser- vation ; security. Bacon. CUSTOM y , kus'-tum. 1G6. n.s. [coustume, Fr.] Habit; habitual practice. Shak. Fashion; com- mon way of acting. 1 Sam. Established manner. St. Luke. Practice of buying of certain persons. Addison. Application from buyers ; as, This trader has good custom. [In law.] A law or right, not written, which, being established by long use, and the consent of our ancestors, has been, and is. dailv practised. Cowel. Tribute ; tax paid for goods imported, or exported. Bacon. To CUSTOM*, kus'-tflm. v. a. To pay the duty at the custom-house for goods exported or imported. Marlow. To CU'STOM*. kus'-tum. v. n. To accustom. Spenser. CUSTOM-HOUSE, kus'-tfim-hous. n. s. The house where the taxes upon goods imported, or ex- ported, are collected. Swift. CUSTOMABLE, kfis'-tfim-d-bl. a. [coustumable, old Fr.] Common; habitual; frequent. Bale. CU STOMABLENESS, kfis'-tum-a-bl-nes. n. s. Fre- quencv ; habit. Conformitv to custom. CUSTOMABLY, kus'-lum-a-ble. ad. According to custom. Homilies. CUSTOMARILY, kfis'-tfim-ar-e-le. ad. Habitually. Pearson. CUSTOMARINESS, kfis'-tfim-ar-e-nes. n. s. Fre- quency ; commonness. Government of the Tongue. CU STOMARY, kfis'-tfim-ar-e. a. Conformable to established custom. Shak. Habitual. Tillotson. Usual ; wonted. Shakspeare. CUSTOMED, kus'-tvund. 359. a. Usual; common; accustomed. ShaJcspeare. CUSTOMER, kiV-t&m-fir. n. s. One who frequents any place of sale for the sake of purchasing. Shak. A common woman. [This sense is now obsolete.] Shak. A toll -gatherer; a collector of customs. Mountagu. CUSTREL, kus'-trel n.s. A buckler -bearer. Lord Herbert. A vessel for holding wine. Ainsworth. CUSTUMARY*, kus'-tu-ma-re. n. s. A book of laws and customs. Selden. To CUTy, kfit. pret. ad; part. pass. cid. [koia, West-Goth.] To penetrate with an edged instru- ment; to divide any continuity by a sharp edge. Shak. To hew. 2'Chron. To carve; to make by sculpture. Shak. To form any thing by cut- ting. Exodus. To divide by passing through. Pope. . To pierce with any uneasy sensation. Addison. To divide packs of cards. Prior. To intersect to cross : as, one line cuts another at right angles. To castrate. Huloet. [To avoid a person ; to dis- own him; in modern, and unauthorized language. Todd.]— To cut down. To fell; to hew down. Knolles. To excel ; to overpower. Addison. To ad off. To separate from the other parts by cut- ting! Judges. To destroy ; to extirpate. Spenser. To rescind; to separate. Shak. To intercept; to hinder from union or return. Bacon. To put an end to ; to obviate. Hayward. To withhold. Rog- ers. To preclude. Addison. To interrupt; to silence. Bacon. To apostrophize; to abbreviate. Dry den. To cut out. To shape ; to form. Shak. To scheme ; to contrive. Howell. To adapt. Ry- mer. To debar. Pope. To excel ; to outdo. To cut slwrt. To hinder from proceeding by sudden interruption. Dryden. To abridge : as, The sol- diers were cut short of their pay. To cut up. To divide an animal into convenient pieces. L'Es- trange. To eradicate. Job. To CUT, k&t. v. n. To make way by dividing. Ar- hvthnot. To perform the operation of lithotomy Pope. To interfere : as, a horse that cuts. — To ait in. A phrase in card-playing, when the parties CYC CZA — 116, move, nor, not;— tube, tub, bull ;— Oil ;— p6und ;— th'm, Tui determine who are to form the players. To cut up. To promise or show by the operation of the butch- er's division. Burke. CUT, kfit. part. a. Prepared for use. Swift. OUT, kQt. 71. s. The action of a sharp or ed^ed in- strument. The impression or separation of con- tinuity, made by an edge or sharp instrument. A wound made by cutting-. Wiseman. A channel made by art. Knolles. A part cut off from the rest. Mortimer. A small particle ; a shred. Hooker. A lot made by cutting a stick ; or rather by holding- pieces of paper, unequally cut, between the finger and thumb. Sidney. A near passage. South. A picture carved upon wood or copper. Brown. The stamp on which a picture is carved. The prac- tice of dividing a pack of cards. Swift. Fashion; form; shape. Shak. A fool or cully. Shak. A horse ; a gelding. Gascoigne. — Cut and long tail. Men of all kinds. Shakspeare. CUTANEOUS, ku-ti'-ne-us. a. [cutis, Lat.] Re- lating to the skin. Floijer. CUTE*, kute. a. [cuo\ Sax.] Clever; sharp. CUTH signifies knowledge or skill. Gibson. CU'TICLE, kiV-te-kl. 405. n. s. [cuticula, Lat.] The first and outermost covering of the body; the scarf- skin. Quincy. A thin skin formed on the surface of any liquor. Newton. CUTI'CUL AR , ku-dk'-u-lur. a. Belongi ng to the skin. CUTLASS, k&t'-las. n. s. [coutelas, Fr.] A broad cutting sword. Sliakspeare. CUTLER, kutMur. 98. n.s. [coutelier, Fr.] One who makes or sells knives. Shakspeare. CUTLERY*, kut'-le-re. n. s. The ware or articles which are made by cutlers. CU'TLET*, kutM£t. n. s. [cotelette, Fr.] A steak ; properly, a rib. Swift. CU'TPURSE. kut'-purse. n.s. One who steals by the method of cutting purses. A thief. Shakspeare. CU'TTER, kut'-tur. 98. n. s. An agent or instrument that cuts any thing. Sluik. A nimble boat that cuts the water. The teeth that cut the meat. Raij. An officer in the exchequer that provides wood for the tallies. Cowel. A ruffian; a bravo. Barret. Cutler off'. A destroyer. Shakspeare. CUT-THROAT, k&t'-tfirote. ?z. s. A ruffian ; a mur- derer. Knolles. CUT-THROAT, km'-tfirote. a. Cruel; inhuman. Carev:. CUTTING, kut'-Ung. n. s. A piece cut off; a chop. Bacon. Incision. Leviticus. Caper; curvet. Flo- rio. Division, as of a pack of cards. Hill. CUTTLE §, k&t'-tl. 405. n.s. [cutele, Sax.] A fish, which, when he is pursued by a fish of prey, throws out a black liquor. Bacon. CUTTLE, kut'-tl. n. s. A foul-mouthed fellow, who blackens the character of others. SlwJc. A knife. Bale. CU'TWORK* kut'-wfirk. n. s. Work in embroide- ry. B. Jonson. CY'CLAMEN* sik'-lit-men. n. s. [Fr. and Lat.] [In botany.] Sow-bread. Sprat. CY'CLE, sl'-kl. 405. n. s. [cyclus, Lat.] A circle. A periodical space of time. Holder. A method, or account of a method continued till the same course begins again. Evelyn. Imaginary orbs; a circle in \he heavens. Milton. CY'CLOID§, sl'-klSld. n.s. [kv^oeio^.] A geo- metrical curve, of which the genesis may be con- ceived by imagining a nail in the circumference of a wheel : the line which the nail describes in the air, while the wheel revolves in a right line, is the cycloid. Reid. $5= Sheridan and Buchanan pronounce the y in this word short ; and Ash, Kenrick, and W. Johnston, long. W. CYCLOTDAL, se-klfild'41. 180. a. Relating to a cycloid. Chambers. CYCLO'METRY*, se-kl&m'-e-tre. n. s. The art of measuring cycles or circles. Wallis. CYCLOPiEDFA, sl-klo-pe'-de-a. n.s. [k^kXos and naicdaJ] A circle of knowledge : a course of the sciences. {P5= I have in this word differed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Johnson, by placing tho accent on the antepenulti- mate syllable instead of the penultimate. I know that Greek words of this termination have the accent on the penultimate syllable ; but the antepenultimate ac- centuation is more agreeable to the genius of our tongue, and seems to have prevailed. For, though Dr. Johnson bus given this word the penultimate accent, he has placed the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of ambrosia, euthanasia, and hydrophobia, though these have all the accent on the penultimate in the Greek. It is true the i in the last syllable but one of cyclopedia, is a diphthong in the original; and this will induce those, who are fond of showing their Greek learning, to lay the accent on the penultimate, as its op- position to general usage will be an additional reason with them for preferring it. The pronunciation I have adopted, I see, is supported by Dr. Kenrick, Entick, Scott, Perry, and Buchanan, which abundantly shows the general current of custom. To these observations it may be added, that if the i be ac- cented, it must necessarily have the long open sound, as in elegiac, and not the sound of e, as Mr. Sheridan has marked it. W. CYCLOPE'AN*. sl-kl6-pe'-an. a. Vast; terrifick. Bp. Hall. CY'CLOPEDE*. sl'-klo-peed. n. s. The modern term for cyclopaedia. Warton. CYCLOTTCK*, se-klop'-ik. a. [from the Cyclopes.-] Savage. Bp. Taylor. CY'DER*. See Cider. CY'GNET, sig'-net. n. s. \cygnus, Lat.] A young swan. Shakspeare. CYLINDER §, sll'-ln-dur. n. s. |>Atvfyos.] A body having two flat surfaces and one circular. Wilkins. CYLINDRICAL. se-hV-dre-kal. > a. Partaking of CYLI'NDRICK, se-hV-drfk. ) the nature of a cvlinder. Woodward. CYLFNDROID*. se-nV-dr6?d. n. s. A solid body, differing from the cylinder, as having its bases el- liptical, but parallel, and equal. Chambers. CYMA'R. se-max 7 . 188. n. s. A slight covering ; a scarf. CYMA'TIUM, se-ma'-she-um. n. s. [Kvpdrtov.] A member of architecture, whereof one half is con vex, and the other concave. Harris. CY'MBAL, sW-bal.n. s. [cumbalum, Lat.] A mu- sical instrument. Shakspeare. CYNA'NTHROPY, se-nan'-Zftra-pe. n. s. [kvuv kvvos and dv0f)w7ro?.] A species of madness in which men have the qupJities of dogs. CYNARCTOMACHY, s-!n-ark-t6m'-a-ke. n. s. [kvuv, aptcrbs; /Jiaxv-] Bear-baiting with a dog. Hudibras. CYNEGE'TICKS, sm-ne-jet'-iks. n.s. [nvvcyrmKa.] The art of hunting with dogs. CY'NICAL, shv-fk-al. )a. [kvvikos.] Having the CY'NICK, sSn'-ik. S qualities cf a dog; bru- tal; snarling; satirical. Bp. Taylor. CY'NICK, sln-'-nik. n. s. A philosopher of the snarl- ing sort ; a follower of Diogenes ; a rude man. Shak. CY'NOSURE, s!n'-6-sure, or sl'-no-sure. 463. n.s. [kv vocovpa.] The star near the north pole, by which sailors steer. Sir T. Herbert. CY'ON. SeeCioN. CYTHER*. SeeCiPHEK. CYTRESS-TREE, si'-pres-tre. n, s. [aipressus, Lat.] A tall, straight tree, produced with great diffi- culty. Its leaves are bitter, and the smell and shade dangerous. Hence the Romans looked upon it to be a fatal tree, and made use of it at funerals. Calmet. The emblem of mourning. Shakspeare. CYTRUS, si'-prus. n.s. [Probably from Cyprus, where it was originally made.] A thin, transparent stuff. Shakspeare. CYST§, s?st. )n.s. [kvotk;.'] A bag containing CYSTIS6, sV-t?s. \ some morbid matter. Wiseman. CY'STICK, sV-tfk. a. Contained in a bag. Arbuth. CYSTOTOMY, sis-tot 7 - t6-me. 513. n. s. The prac- tice of opening incysted tumours. CY'TISUS*, slt'-e-sus. n. s. A shrub. Congreve. CZAR§,zar. n.s. [properly tzar.] The title of the ernperour of Russia. Brown. CZA'RISH* zarMsh. a. Relating to the czar. Toiler. CZARPNA, za-re'-na. n.s. The empress of Russia. Goldsmith . DAG DAM UJ" 559.— Fate, f ar, fS.ll, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin DIs a consonant nearly approaching- in sound to t, but formed by a slronger appulse of the tongue to the upper part of the mouth. The sound of a in English is uniform, and it is never mute. D*. A note or key in musick. D#, in abbreviation, is common for doctor ; as. D.D. doctor of divinity 5 M. D. doctor of medicine. D*. A numeral letter, signifying five hundred. DA CAPO, da-ka/-p6. [Ital.] A term in musick, signifying that the first part of the tune should be repeated at the conclusion. To DAB §, dab. v. a. [dauber, Fr.] To strike gently with something soft or moist. Sharp. DAB, dab. n.s. A small lump of any thing. A blow with something moist or soft. Something moist or slimy thrown upon one. A kind of small flat fish. Ca.re.vo. DAB-*, dab. n. s. A corruption of adept. An artist ; a man expert at something. Goldsmith. To DA'BBLE?, d&b'-M. 405. v. a. [dabbelen, Dutch.] To smear; to daub; to spatter; to besprinkle. Shakspeare. To DA'BBLE, dab'-bl. v.n. To play in water. Glanville. To do any thing in a slight, shallow manner To DA'GGLE §, dag'-gl. 405. r. a. [dag, dew.] To dip negligently in mire or water ; to besprinkle. Swift. To DA'GGLE, dag'-gl. v. n. To be in the mire ; tc run through wet or dirt. Pope. DA'GGLEDTAIL, dag'-gld-tale. a. Bemired ; b- spattered. Swift. DA'GSWAIN*, dag'-swane. n. s.Jdag, a shred.] A sort of carpet. Harrison. Ob. T. DA'GTAILED*, dag'-tal'd. a. Dirtied. Bp. Kail. DATLY^da/de.a. [ose^lic, Sax.] Happening every day, or very frequently. Shakspeare. ; -le. ad. Ever Everyday; very often. Spen- [dain, Fr.] Delicate ; elegant. to tamper. Atterburu DA'BBLER, daV-lur. n.s. One that plays in water. Cieaveland. One that meddles without mastery ; a superficial meddler. B. Junson. DA'BCHICK, dab'-lshik. n. s. A small water- fowl. Ray. DACE, duse. n.s. A small river-fish. Walton. D.VCTYLE, dak'-tll. 146. n. s. [<5«k~uW] A poet- ical foot consisting of one long syllable and two short. Sir J. Davies. DA'CTYLET* ddk'-te-let. n. s. Dactvle. Bp. Hall. DA'CTYLICK* dak'-te-tfk. a. Relating to the dac- tyle. Johnson. DA'CTYLIST*, dak'-te-lfst. n.s. One who writes flowing verse. Warton. DACTYLOLOGY*, dak-te-lol'-o-je. n. s. The art (if conversing by the hands. Dafgamo. DAD, dad. ) n. .v. The child's way of exnress- DA'DDY, dad'-de. S in? father. Shakspeare. To DA'DDLFA dad'-dl. "i; ; ». To walk unsteadily, like an old person or a child. To DADE $, dade. v. a. To hold up by ti leading siring". Drayton. DADO-, da'-'do. n.s. [Ital.] The plain part between the base and cornice of a column ; the die. DJE'DAL. a. [daadalvs, I, at.] Various ; variegated. Spenser. Skilful. Spenser. D.EDALIAN*. de-da'-le-an. a. Maze-like ; resein Ming a labyrinth. Cotgravd DAFFR ) ,,, {n.s. [dauf, Icel.] A blockish or DAFFE§*. $ tUK j foolish fellow. Chancer. To DAFF*, daf. >: a. To daunt. Grose. To D AFF §#, daf. v. a. To toss aside; to put away with contempt ; to put off. SJiakspeare. Ob. T. DAFFADIL*, dif-fa-dii. -\ DA'FFADILLY* daf-fa-dSl-le. f DAFFADOWNDILLY, daf-fd-d6un-d)l'-le. > n.s, DA'FFODIL, daf -f6-dn. \ DATFODILLY, daf-fo-drl-le. ) A plant. Miller. DAFT. i See To Daff. DAG, dag. n. s. [dague, Fr.] A dagger. A hand- gun ; a pistol. Burton. DAG*, dag. n.s. [bag 1 , Sax.] A slip, or shred. Chaucer. Ob. T. To DAG, dag. v. a. To daggle ; to bemire. To cut into slips. Chaucer. DAG*, dag. n.s. [da?; Dan.] Dew upon the grass. Ray. DA-GGERMag'-iV 93,381. n. s.[dague : o}<\Fv.] A short sword ; a poniard. Sidnetf. A blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt, used for defence. The obelus or obelisk ; a mark of reference in form of a dagger; as [t]. D.VGGERSDRAWING, The act of drawing da, violence. Hudibras. dag'-urz-draw-lng. n. s. Igers; approach to open DAILY, da ser. DAINTY, dant Spenser. DAINT*, dant. n.s. Somediing of exquisite taste ; a dainty. P. Fletcher. DAINTILY, dane'-le-le. ad. Elegantly; delicately. Bacon. Deliciously; pleasantly. Howell. Nicely; ceremoniously. B. Jonson. Squeamishly ; fastid- iously. DAINTINESS, dane'-te-nes. n.s. Delicacy; soft- ness. B. Jonson. Elegance ; nicety. Wotton. Delicacy ; deliciousness. Haicewill. Squeamish- ness ; fastidiousness. Wotton. Ceremoniousness ; scrupulosity. DATNTLY*, danf-le. ad. Deliciously. Saclcrille. DATNTREL*, dant'-rel n. s. A delicacy. Tr. of Butlinger. Ob. T. DA/INTY, dane'-te. a. Pleasing to the palate ; deli- cious. Bacon. Delicate ; nice ; squeamish. Varies. Scrupulous; ceremonious. Shak. Elegant; ef- feminately beautiful. Spenser. Nice ; affectedly iine. Prior. DATNTY, dane'-te.??.*. Something nice or delicate. Prov. A word of fondness. Shakspeare. DALRY$, da/-re. n.s. [deij, an old word for milk.] The art of making food from milk. Temple. The place where milk is manufactured. B. Jonson. Pasturage ; milk farm. Bacon. DAIRYMAID, da'-re-made. n.s. The woman ser- vant whose business is to manege the milk. Dry- den. DAISIED, da'-zld. a. Full of daisies; besprinkled with daisies. Shakspeare. DAISY §, da'-ze. 438. n.s. [bae^eye^c, Sax.] A spring- flower. Miller. DALE, dale. n.s. [dalei, Goth.] A low place between hills; a Vale; a valley. Spenser. D ALLIANCE, dal'-le-anse. n.s. Interchange of ca- resses ; acts of fondness. Shak. Conjugal conver- sation. Spenser. Delay; procrastination. Shale. DALLIER, dab-le-ur. n. s. A trifler ; a fondler. Asc'iam. DALLOP, dalMiip. n. s. A tuft, or clump. Tusser. Oh. J. To DALLY Mal'-le. v.nAdollen, Dutch.] To trifle; to play the fool. Shak. To exchange caresses ; to play the wanton; to fondle. Shak. To sport; to play. Shakspeare. To delay. Wisdom. To DALLY, dalMe. v. a. To put off; to delay. Knolles. DAM, dam. n. s. [from dame] The mother : used of beasls. Shakspeare. DAM, dam. n. s. [dam, Dutch.] A mole or bank to confine water. Hudibras. To DAM§, dam. v. a. To confine, or shut up water bv dams. Shakspeare. DA^MAGES, danV-mtdje. 90. n.s. [damage, old Fr.] Mischief; hurt ; detriment. Bacon. Loss. Milton. The value of mischief done. Clarendon. Repara- tion of damage; retribution. Bacon. [In law.] Any hurt or hinderance that a man taketh in his es- tate. Coivel, To DA'MAGE, dam'-ldje. 90. v. a. To injure ; to impair. Addison. To DA'MAGE, dam'-Mje. v.n. To take damage, or be damaged. DAMAGEABLE, dam'-ldje-a-bl. a. Susceptible of hurt ; as, damageable goods. Mischievous ; per- nicious. Fealleaj. 260 DAM DAP -ntS. uh>\(\ nor. not; — lulu-, ti'ib, hull; — oil; — pound; — th'm, THis. DA MAGE-FEASANT*, dam'-?dje-fe -zant. [damage, andfaisant, Fr. a law term.] Doing or damage. CoioeL DA MASCENE, dam'-zn. 170. from Dcomucz&s.] A plum, largei Bacon, hurl /. s. [diimascenus, than the damson. DA'MASKS, diiai -Osk. 83. n.s. [from J) (( .ww/w.] Linen or silk invented at Damascus, which, by a various direction of the threads, exhibits flower's or other forms. Spenser. lied colour. Fairfax. To DAMASK, dam'-dsk. 88. v. a. To form flowers upon suirts. To variegate; to diversify. Milton. 1o adorn steel-work with figures. DAMASK-ROSE, dam'-flsk-rize. n.s. The rose of Damascus; a red rose. Bacon. DA^MASKENFsG, dam-us-ke-nlng. n.s. The art of adorning iron or steel, by making incisions, and filling them up with gold or silver wire. Cham- bers. DA'MASKIN*, danV-us-khi. 7i.s. A sabre; proba- bly from being made at Damascus. Howell. DAMSy. dame. ;/. a. [dame, Fr.] A lady. Watts. A woman of rank. Dryden. Mistress of a low family. L'EMrange. Women in general. Shakspeare. DAMES-VIOLET, damz-vi'-o-let. n, s. A plant. Miller. To DAMN §. dam. 411. v. a. [damno, Lat.] To doom to e:en:al torments in a future state. Bacon. To procure or cause to be eternally condemned. ScntJi. To condemn. Bp. Barlow. To hoot or hiss any publick performance. ^Dryden. DA MNABLE, dam'-na-bl.'a. Deserving damnation. Hooker. Sometimes indecently used for odious ; pernicious. Shakspeare. DA MNABLENESS*. dam'-na-bl-nes. n. s. That which deserves condemnation. ChillingwortJi. DA'MNABLY, dam'-na-ble. ad. In such a manner as to incur eternal punishment, or deserve condem- nation. Bp. Hall. Odiously; hatefully. Dennis. li is used indecently for excessively. Congreve. DAMNA'TIQN, dam-na'-shfin. n. s. Exclusion from divine mercy. Bp. Taylor. Condemnation. Til- iotsrm . DA'MNATORY, dam'-na-hV-e. 512. a. Containing a sentence of condemnation. Water/and. DA'MNED, damd, or dam'-ned. part. a. Hateful; detestable ; abhorred. Shakspeare. JcJrThis word, in familiar language, is scarcely ever fised a=< an adjective, and pronounced in one syllable, but by the lowest, vulgar, and profane: in serious speaking it ought always, like cursed, to bo pronounced in two, 368; Tim-; in Shakspeare : '• But oh what damned minutes tells bo o'er, " Who doats, yet doubts — suspects, yet strongly loves." There is a very singular usage of this word, as a verb or' participle, when it signifies the condemnation of a play ; but this application of it, though authorized by the po- litest speakers, has an unhallowed harshness in it to pi- ous ears, and an affectation of forco to judicious ones. It is, at least, the figure called catachresis. W. DAMNI'FICK, dam-nlP-?k\ a. Procuring loss ; mis- chievous. To DA'MNIFY, dam'-ne-fl. v. a. [daiwijer, Fr.] To endamage-, to injure. Spenser. DA'MNINGNESS, dam'-ning-nes. n. s. Tendency to procure damnation. Hammond. ©AMP§, damp. a. [damp, damprj. Teut. Dan. and Dutch.] Moist; inclining to wet ; foggy. Dry den. Dejected; sunk; depressed. Mi'J.on. DAM}*, damp. n. s. Fog ; moist air. Milton. A noxious vapour exhaled from the earth. Wood- ward. Dejection; depression of spirit. Milton. To DAMP. damp. v. a. To wet ; to moisten. To de- press; lo deject. L' Estrange. To weaken; to abate} to discourage. Bacon. To hebetate; to abate motion; lo dull. Bacon. DA'MPISH*, damp'-ish. a. Moist ; inclining to wet. More. DA'MPiSHNESS, damp'-lsh-nes. n. s. Tendency to moisture. Bacon. DA'MPNESS, damp'-nes. n. s. Moisture ; fogginess. Dryden. DA'MPY, damp'-e. a. Moist : damp. Drayton. De- jected; gloomy ; sorrowful. Hayward. DA'MSEL, dam'-zel. 102. n.s. [damoiselk, FrJ A yoflng gentlewoman. Prior. An attendant of the better rank. Dryden. A wench; a country lass. Gay. DA ViSC's, daW-zu. 170. n.s. A small black plum, more bitter than the damascene. Shakspeare. DAN, dan. n. s. [from dommns.] The old term of honour for men ; as we now say Master. Spenser. To DANCE}, danse. 78, 79, v.n. [dunser, Fr.] To move in measure ; with steps correspondent to tho j sound of instruments. Shakspeare. I To DANCE Attendance, danse. ». n. To wait with I suppleness and obsequiousness. Raleigh. ! To DANCE, danse. v. a. To make lo dance. Shak- j speare. I DANCE, danse. 78,79. n. s. Amotion of one or many in concert, regulated by musick. Shakspeare. ■ DA NCER, dan'-sftr. n. s. One that practises danc- ing. Wotton. DA'NCFNG*, dan'-sing. n. s. The act of moving with steps correspondent to musick. Donne. DA'NCINGMASTER, dan'-sing-ma-stur. n.s. One who teaches the art of dancing. Locke. DA NCINGSCHOOL, dtW-smg-skool. n.s. The school where the art of dancing is taught. Shak. DANDELFON. dan-de-li^m. n.s. [dent de lion, F V.] The name of a plant. Miller. DA'NDIPRAT, daii'-de-prat. n.s. [from a smalt coin so called of Henry the seventh's time.] A little fellow; an urchin. World of Wonders. To DA'NDLES, dan'-dl. 405. v. a. [daudelin, Dutch.] To shake a child on the knee, or in the hands, to please and quiet him. Isaiah. To fondle ; to treat like a child. Shak. To delay; to procrastinate. Svenser. DA'NDLER, dand'-lur. n.s. He that dandles or fondles children. Sherwood. DxVNDRUFF, dan'-dritf. n. s. [tan and bjiop.] Scabs in the head. DANE §*$ dine. n. s. A native of Denmark. Verste- gan. DA'NEGELD*. it. s. The tribute laid upon the Sax- ons of twelve pence upon every hide of land through the realm bv the Danes. Burke. DANISH ; . da/-«Ish. a. Relatblg to the Danes. 717//- D k NFAVORT, dane'-wurt. n. s. A species of elder. DANGER}, dane'-iar. 98. n. s. [danger, Fr.] PJsk; hazard; peril. Acts. Cuslod}-. Chaucer. 2'oDA'NGER, dane'-jfir. v. a. To put in hazard; to endanger. Shakspeare. DA^NGERLESS, danc'-jur-les. a. Without hazard; without risk. Sidney. DA / NGEROUS.dane / -jar-us.543. a. Full of danger. Sidney. DANGEROUSLY, dane'-jfir-fls-le. ad. Hazardous- ly ; with danger. Shakspeare. DA'.NGEROUfSNESS, dane'-jur-us-nes. n. s. Dan- ger; peril. Boyle. ZbDA'NGLE ^dang'-gl.iOo.r.n. [danglaor dingfa. j Swedish.] To hang loose and quivering. Shak. i To hang upon any one ; to be an humble follower. Swift. j DANGLER, dang'-glur. n. s. A man that hang;. I about women only to waste time. Ralph. I DANK}, dangk. 403. a. [tunc.ken, Germ.] Damp | humid; moist; wet.. Shakspeare. ; DANK*, dank. n. s. Damp. Marston. I DA'NKISH, dangk'-ish. a. Somewhat dank. Shak. DA'NKISHNESS* dank'-lsh-nes. n.s. Moisture. i dampness. Sherwood. : To DAP, dap. \ v. n. To let fall gently into the I To DAPE. dape. S water. Walton. DAP.VTICAL, da-pat'-e-kal. a. [from dapaticus, Lai.1 Sumptuous in cheer. Cockeram. DA'PIFER*, dap'-e-fur. n. s. [Lat.] One who- brings meat to the table ; a sewer. Reece. DA'PPEIt §, dap'-pur. 98. a. [dapper, Dut.] Little and active; lively without bulk. Miltoji. Pretty j neat. Spenser. 2(U DAR DAT [D= 559.— Fite, far, fall, fat;— me, mei;— pine, pin ;— DATPERLING, dap'-pfir-llng. ». s. A dwarf; a dandiprat. Ainsworth. DA'PPLE$, dap'-pl. 405. a. Marked with various colours; variegated. Locke, To DAPPLE, dap'-pl. v. a. To streak ; to vary. Spenser. DAR'Art 8 ' ( "' s * A fish found in lhe SeVern " To DARE §, dare. v. n. pret. / durst ; the preterit I dared belongs to the active dare; part. / luwe dared, [beappan, Sax.] To have courage for any pu-nose ; not to be afraid. Shakspeare. §y° If I am not mistaken, there is a prevailing pronuncia- tion of this word in Ireland, which makes it a perfect rhyme to far. bar, &c. That this is contrary to uni- versal usage in England, and to the most general rule in the language, needs not to be insisted on. The only word of a similar form which is so pronounced is the first person plural of the verb to be. But this, it must be remembered, is an auxiliary verb ; and the auxiliary verbs, being as irregular in their pronunciation as in their form, are but indifferent models by which to regu- late the rest of the language. W. To DARE, dare. v. a. pret. 1 dared, not I durst. To challenge; to defy. Sliak. To frighten. Beau- mont and Fletcher. To DARE Larks, dare larks. To catch them by means of a looking-glass. Carew. DARE, dare. n.s. Defiance; challenge. Slwtkspeare. DARE, dare. n. s. A small fish, the same with dace. Leuciscus. DA'RER* da/-rer. n. s. One who dares or defies. Beaumont and Fletcher. DA'REFUL, dare'-ful. a. Full of defiance. Shak- speare. Ob. J. DA'RING, da'-rlng. a. Bold; adventurous. Addi- son. DA'RINGLY, da'-rmg-le. a. Boldly ; courageously. Atlerbury. DARINGNESS, da'-rlng-ngs. n. s. Boldness. DARK§, dark, a. [beopc, Sax.] Not light; want- ing light. Shak. Not of a showy or vivid colour. Leviticus. Blind; without the enjoyment of light. Dryden. Opaque ; not transparent. Obscure ; not perspicuous. Hooker. Ignorant. Derilvam. Gloomy. Addison. Secret. Shak. Unclean; foul. Mil- ton. DARK, dark. n.s. Darkness; obscurity; want of light. Shak. Condition of one unknown. Atter- bury. Want of knowledge. Locke. A dark place; a prison. Mirror for Magistrates. A blot ; a stain. Shirley. DARK-HOUSE*, dark'-hSus. n. s. Our old word for a mad-house. Shalcspeare. D ARK- WORKING*, dark'-w&rk'-lng. a. Working in a dark or foul manner. Shalcspeare. To DARK, dark. v. a. To darken; to obscure. Spenser. Ob. J. To BARKEN, dar'-kn. 405. v. a. To make dark. Amos. To cloud; to perplex. Bacon. To foul; to sully. Tillotson. To DA'RKEN, dar'-kn. v. n. To grow dark. BA'RKENER*, dark'-kn-ur. n. s. That which dark- ens and confounds. B, Jonson. DA'RKISH*, dark'-lsh. a. Dusky; approaching to dark. Leviticus. DA'RKLING, darkMlng. part. a. Being in the dark ; being without light. Shakspeare. DA'RKLY, dark'-le.ad. Obscurely ; blindly. 1 Cor. i DA'RKNESS, dark'-n n. s. A trifler; a dal- DA'WDLER*, daw'-dl&r. ] lier. DA'WISH*, daw'-?sh. a. Like a daw. Bale. DAWK §, dawk. n. s. A cant word among the work- men for a hollow, rupture, or incision, in their stuff. Moxon. To DAWK, dawk. v. a. To mark with an incision. Moxon. To DAWN §, dawn. v. n. [baftian, Sax.] To grow luminous; to begin togrow light. Sliak. To glimmer obscurely. Locke. To begin, yet faintly. Dryden DAWN, dawn. n. s. The time between the first ap- pearance of light and the sun's rise. Dryden. Be- f inning ; first rise. Pope. 'WNING*, daw'-nlng. n. s. Break of day. Chau- cer. DAY§, da. 220. n.s. [bae£, or ba£, Sax.] The time between the rising and setting of the sun, called the artificial day. St. Mattfiew. The time from noon to noon, or from midnight to midnight, called the natural day. Slwk. Light; sunshine. Ro- mans. Any time specified and distinguished from other time ; an age ; the time." Spenser. Time or season in general. Isaiah. Life : in this sense it is commonly plural. Carte. The day of contest ; the battle. Roscommon. An appointed or fixed time. Dryden. A day appointed for some commemora- tion. Shak. — From, day to day. Without certainty or continuance. Bacon. TO-DAY. On this day. Psalm. DA'YBED, da-bed. n.s. Abed used for idleness and luxury in the daytime. Sliakspeare. DA'YBOOK, da'-b66k. n.s. A tradesman's journal. DA'YBREAK, da'-brake. n. s. The dawn; the first appearance of light. Dryden. DA YDREAM*, da'-dreme. n. s. A vision or phan tasm to the waking senses. Dryden. DA'YLABOUR, da'-la-bfir. n. s Labour by the day. Milton. DAYLA'BOURER, da-la'-b&r-fr. n. s. One that works by the day. Milton. DA'YLIGHT, da'-llte. n.s. The light of the day Spenser. DA'YLILY, da'-le-le. [da-lll'-e, Sheridan.] n. s. The same with asphodel. DA'YSMAN, daze' -man. n. s. Umpire, or judge. Spenser. Job. DA'YSPRING, da'-sprmg. n. s. The rise of the day ; the dawn. Job. DA'YSTAR, da'-star. n. s. The morning star. 2 Pet. DA'YTIME, da'-tlme. n. s. The time in which there is light. Bacon. DAYWE'ARIED*, da-we'-rfd. a. Weary with the work of a day. Shakspeare. DA'YWOMAN*, da'-wum-fin. n. s. A dairymaid. Shakspeare. DA'YWORK, da'-w&rk. n. s. Work imposed by the day. Fairfax. To DAZE t, daze. ?\ a. [bpser-, Sax.] To overpower with light. Fairfax. DAZIED. See Daisied. I'oDA'ZZLE?, daz'-zl. 405. v. a. To overpower with light. Bacon. To strike or surprise with splen- dour. Milton. To DA'ZZLE, daz'-zl. v. n. To be overpowered with light; to lose the power of sight. Shakspeare. DA'ZZLEMENT*, daz'-zl-ment. n. s. The power of dazzling. Donne. DA'ZZLINGLY*, daz'-l?ng-le. ad. In a manner striking with splendour or surprise. Mirror for Magistrates. DE'ACQN§, de'-kn. 170, 227. n. s. [diaconus, Lat.] One of the lowest of the three orders of the clergy. 2 Tim. In Scotland : an overseer of the poor. And also the master of an incorporated company. DE'ACONESS, de'-kn-es. n. s. A female officer in the ancient church. Bp. Patrick. DF/ACONRY, de'-kn-re. ) n. s. The office of a DE'ACONSHIP, de'-kn-sMp. \ deacon. Hooker. DEAD §, ded. 234. a. [beab, Sax.] Deprived of life. Shak. Inanimate. Pope. Inanimate by nature. Spenser. Imitating death ; senseless. Psalm. Un- active ; motionless. Careio. Empty; vacant. Bacon. Useless ; unprofitable. Bacon. Dull ; gloomy ; unemployed. Knolles. Still; obscure. Hayward. Having no resemblance of life. Dnjden. Obtuse ; dull ; not sprightly. Boiile. Dull ; frigid. Addison. Tasteless ; vapid : used of liquors. Uninhabited. Arbulhnot. Without the natural force or efficacy; as, a dead fire. Without the power of vegetation ; as, a dead bough. The stale of spiritual death, lying under the power of sin. Epnes. Unvaried. Bacon,. Tlh DEAD, d£d. n. s. Dead men. Dnjden. DEAD, d£d. n. s. Time in which there is remarkable stillness or gloom. South. To DEAD, ded. v. n. To lose force, of whatever kind. Bacon. To DEAD, ded. )v.a. To deprive of To DE'ADEN, d§d'-dn. 405. S any kind of force or sensation. Bacon. To make vapid, or spiritless. Bacon. DEAD DOING, d£d'-do-?ng. part. a. Destructive ; killing; mischievous. Spenser. DEAD-DRUNK*, dgd-dr&nk. po*t. a. So drunk as to be motionless. Davies. DEAD-HEARTED*, ded'-hart'-ed. a. Having a faint heart. Bp. Hall. DEAD-HEARTEDNESS*, ded'-harl'-ed-nes. n. s. Pusillanimity. Bp. Hall. DEAD-KILLING*, ded'-k!l'-llng. part. a. Instantly killing. Shakspeare. DEAD-LIFT, ded-M'. n. s. Hopeless exigence. Hudibras. 263 DEA DEB IT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;-me, met 3— pine, pin 5— DEAD-RECKONING, dgd'-rek'-nmg. «. s. That estimation or conjecture which the seamen make of the place where a ship is, by keeping an account of her way by the log. DEAD-STRUCK*', ded'-struk. part. a. Confound- ed ; struck with horrour. Bp. Hall. To DE'ADEN. See To Dead. DE'ADISH*, ded'-lsh. a. Resembling- what is dead ; dull. Stafford. DE'ADLIHOOD*, ded'-le-hud. re. s. The stale of the dead. Pearson. DE'ADLINESS*, ded'-le-nes. re. s. Danger. Bp. Hall. DEADLY, ded'-le. a. [beablie, Sax.] Destructive 3 mortal. Sliak. Mortal 5 implacable. 1 Mace. DE'ADLY, ded'-le. ad. In a manner resembling the dead. Shak. Mortally. Ezekiel. Implacably 3 ir- reconcilably. DE'ADNESS, ded'-nCs. re. s. Frigidity 5 want of warmth. Rogers. Weakness of the vital powers. Rom. Vapidness of liquors. Mortimer. Loss of life. Fuller. Want of circulation ; inactivity. Killino'beck. DE'ADNETTLE, dSd'-net'-tl. n, s. A weed. DEAF§, def. 234. a. [bear:, Sax.] Wanting the sense of hearing. Shak. Deprived of the power of hearing. Dryden. Obscurely heard. She/ton. Un- profitable. — A deafmit is a nut of which the kernel is decayed. Grose. To DEAF, def. v. a. To deprive of the power of hearing. Donne. DE'AFELY*, a. Lonely 3 solitary 3 far from neigh- bours. To DE'AFEN, def-fn. 405. v. a. To deprive of the power of hearing. Dryden. DE'AFLY, def-le. ad. Without sense of sounds. Ob- scurely to the ear. DE'AFNESS, def-nes. re. s. Want of the power of hearing. Holder. Unwillingness to hear. King Charles. DEAL^, dele. 227. n. s. [bsel, Sax;] Part. &$odus. Quantity 5 degree of, more or less. Hooker. [From the verb to deal.] The art or practice of dealing cards. Swift, [deyl, Dutch.] Firwood 3 or the wood of pines. Boyle. To DEAL, dele. v. a. [baelan, Sax.] To distribute. Isaiah. To scatter; to throw about. Dryden. To give gradually. Gay. To distribute the cards. To DEAL, dele. v. n. To traffick ; to transact busi- ness. Bacon. To act between two persons 3 to in- tervene. Bacon. To behave well or ill in any transaction. Tillotson. To act in any manner. Shakspeare. To DEAL by. To treat well or ill. Locke. To DEAL in. To be engaged in ; to practise. Bacon. To DEAL with. To treat in any manner. Spenser. To DEAL with. To contend with. Sidney. To DEA'LBATE $, de-al'-bate.r. a. [dedlho, Lai.] To whiten; to bleach. Cockeram. DEALBA'TION, de-dl-ba'-shun. n. s. The act of bleaching or whitening. Brown. DE'ALER, de'-lfir. 98. n. s. One that has to do with any thing. Swift. A trader or trafficker. Isaiah. A person who deals the cards. DE'ALING, de'-llng. n.s. Practice; action. Hooker. Intercourse. Addison. Measure of treatment. Ham- mond. Traffick ; business. Swift. ToDEA'MBULATE§*,de-am'-bu-late. v n. [deam- bulo, Lat.] To walk abroad. Cockeram. DEAMBULA'TION, de-am-bu-la'-shun. n. s. The act of walking abroad. Sir T. Elyot. DEA'MBULATORY, de-am'-bu-la-tfir-e. a. Relat- ing to the practice of walking abroad. Bp. Morton. DEA'MBULATORY*, de-am'-bu-la-tur-e. n. s. A place to walk in. Warton. DEAN§, dene. 227. n. s. [dean, old Fr.] The second dignitary of a diocess. Cowel. The name of an officer in each college, both in Oxford and Cam- bridge. T. Warton. DE'ANERY, de'-nu:-re. 98. re. s. The office of a dean. Clarendon. The revenue of a dean. Swift. The house of a dean. Slmkspeare. DE'ANSHIP, dene'-shfp. re. s. The office of a dean. Warton. DEARS, dere. 227. a. [beop, Sax.] Beloved 3 fa- vourite 3 darling. Shak. Valuable ; of a high price. Pope. Scarce ; not plentiful 3 sad ; hateful ; griev- ous. Shakspeare. To DEAR*, dere. v. a. To make dear. Shelton. DEAR, dere. n. s. A word of endearment ; darling. Shakspeare. DE'ARBOUGHT, dere'-bawt. a. Purchased at a high price. Milton. DE'ARLING, dere'-llng. re. 5. Favourite. Spenser. DE ARLOVED* dere'-lfiv'd. a. Much loved. Shak. DE'ARLY, dere'-le. a. With great fondness. Wot- ton. At a high price. Bacon. To DEARN, darn. v. a. [bypman, Sax.] To mend clothes. See Darn. DEARN*, dern. a. [beopn, Sax.] Lonely 3 melan- choly. Shakspeare. DE'ARNESS, dere'-nes. re. s. Fondness ; kindness 3 love. Shakspeare. Scarcity ; high price. Swift. DE'ARNLY, dern'-le. ad. Secretly 3 privately; mournfully. Spenser. Ob. J. DEARTH, dSrf/i. 234. re. s. Scarcity which makes food dear. Bacon. Want; need; famine. Sliak. Barrenness ; sterilitv. Dryden. To DEARTl'CULATE, de-ar-fik'-u-late. v. a. [de to dismember. Lat.] To disjoint A phrase of connubial life ; A near approach and articulus Diet. DE'ARY* dere'-e. re. a child. A. Hill. DEATHS, def/i. 234. v.s. [beaS, Sax.] The extinc- tion of life. Heb. Mortality ; destruction. Shak. The state of the dead. Shak. The manner of dy- ing. Ezekiel. The image of mortality represented by a skeleton. Shak. Murder. Bacon. Cause of death. 2 Kings. Destroyer. Broome. [In poetry.] The instrument of death. Dryden. Damnation ; eternal torments. Church Catechism. DEATH-BED, deW-bed. re. s. The bed to which a man is confined by mortal sickness. Shakspeai-e. DEATH-BODING*, dei/i.'-b6-dlng. part. a. Por tending death. Shakspeare. DEATH-DARTING*, detft'-dart'-mg. part. a. In- flicting death, as it were, with a dart. Shakspeare. DEATHFUL, deW-ful. a. Full of slaughter; de- structive. Sidney. DE ATHFULNESS*, deVV-fubnOs. nil. Appear- ance of death. Bp. Taylor. DE ' ATHLESS, deV/i'-les. a. Immortal ; never-dying; everlasting. Boyle. DE'ATHLIKE, d&h'-Wkc. a. Resembling death. Crashaw. DEATH'S-DOOR, de/!/i's-d6re' to death. Bp. Taylor. DE'ATHSMAN, d&/is'-man. 88. n. s. Executioner ; hangman. Shakspeare. DEATH-SHADOWED*, de^'-shad'^do'd. a. En- compassed by the shades of death. More. DEATH-TOKEN*, deY/t'-t^-kn. n.s. That which signifies approaching death. Shakspeare. DE'ATHWARD*, deW-ward. ad. Toward death. Beaumont and Fletcher. DE'ATHWATCH, deW-w6tsh. re. s. An insect that makes a tinkling noise like that of a watch, and is imagined to prognosticate death. Gay. To DEA'URATE§, de-aw'-rate. v. a. [c&auro, Lat.] To gild, or cover with gold. Diet. DEA'URATE*, de-aw'-rate. a. Gilded. Bullokar. DEAURA'TION, de-aw-ra'-sho.n. u. s. The act of gilding. To DEBA'CCHATES*, de-b&k'-kate. v.n. [debac- chor, Lat.] To rage or roar, after the manner of drunkards. Cockeram. DEBACCHA'TION, de-bak-ka'-shim. n. s. A ra- ging ; a madness. Diet. To DEBA'R, de-bar', v. a. To exclude 5 to hinder. Raleigh. To DEBA'RB, de-barb', v. a, [de and barba ; Lat.] To deprive of the beard. Diet. To DEBA'RKS, de-bark', v. a. [debarq?ier Fr] To disembark. Diet. 204 DEB DEC -n6, mdve, n6V, n6t ;— tube, tfib, bull ; — oil ;— pound ;— thin, THis. DEBARKATION*, de-bar-ka'-shfin. n. s. The act of disembarking. ^o DEB A'SE$, de-base'. u.a. [de&w, old Fr.] To reduce from a higher to a lower state. Broome. To make mean ; to degrade. Hooker. To sink ; to vi- tiate with meanness. Addison. To adulterate. Hale. DEBASEMENT, de-base'-ment. n. s. The act of debasing or degrading - . Government of the Tongue. DEBA'SER, de-ba'-sfir. 98. n. s. He that debases. Sherwood. DEBATABLE, de-bate'-a-bl. a. Disputable. Hay- voewd. DEBATES, de-bate', n. s. [debat, Fr.] A personal dispute ; a controversy. Locke. A quarrel 5 a con- test. Slutkspeare. To DEBATE, de-bate'. t>. a. To controvert 5 to dis- pute. Proverbs. To dispute ; to contend for. Dry- den. To DEBATE, de-bate', v. n. To deliberate. Sliak. To dispute. Taller. To engage in combat. Spenser. DEBA'TEFUL, de-baie'-ful. a. [Of persons.] Quar- relsome ; contentious. Huloet. [Of things.] Con- tested ; occasioning quarrels. Spenser. DEBATEFULLY*, de-bate'-ful-le. ad. In a con- tentious manner. Sherwood. DEBATEMENT, de-bate'-ment. n. s. Controversy 5 deliberation. Sha/c. Battle; combat. Si penser. DEBATER, de-ba'-tfir. 98.' n s. A disputant 5 a controvertist. Lord Chesterfield. To DEBA'UCH§ ; de-bawt_sh'. 213. v. a. [desbaucher, Fr.] To corrupt ; to vitiate. Florio. To corrupt with lewdness. Shqk. To corrupt by intemper- ance. Tillotson. DEBA'UCH, de-bawtsh'. n. s. A fit of intemperance. Calamy. Luxury ; excess ; lewdness. Dn/den. DEBA'UCHEDLY*, de-bawtsh'-Sd-le. ad. In a profligate and licentious manner. Cowley. DEBA'UCHEDNESS* de-bawtsh'-ed-nSs. n.s. In- temperance. Bp. Hall. DEBAUCHE'E, deb-6-shee'. n.s. A lecher; a drunkard. South. DEBA'UCHER. de-bawtsh'-fir. n.s. One who se- duces others to intemperance. Blackwall. DEBA'UCHERY, de-bawtsh'-fir-re. n.s. The prac- tice of excess ; intemperance ; lewdness. Sprat. DEBA'UCHMENT, de-bawtsh'-menl. n. s. Corrup- tion. Bp. To.vl.or. DEBA'UCHNESS*, de-bawtsh'-ngs. ) n.s. Excess. DEBA'UCHTNESS*,de-bawtsht'-nes. } Archdeacon Arnway. To DEBE'LS, de-bel'. )v. a. [debello, To DEBE'LLATE§, de-beT-late. } Lat.]Tocon quer. Bacon. Ob. J. DEBELLATION, dgb-bel-Ia'-shun. n. s. The act of conquering in war. Sir T. More. DEBENTURES, de-ben'-tshure. n. s. [debeniur, Lat. from debeoi] A writ or note, by which a debt is claimed. Bacon. [In commerce.] Allowance of custom to a merchant on the exportation of goods, which had before paid a duty. DEBE'NTURED Goods*. Such goods as are en- titled to debenture. DE BILE, deV-U. 140, 14-5. a. [debilis, Lat.] Weak; feeble. Shakspeare. To DEBI'LITATE §, de-bll'-e-late. v. a. [debilito, Lat.] To weaken ; to make faint. Broicn. DEBILITATION, de-bu-e-ti'-shun. n.s. The act of weakening. K. Charles. DEBI'LITY, de-bn'-e-te. n.s. Weakness; feeble- ness ; languor. Sidney. DE'BIT §*. deb'-it. n. s. [debit, Fr.] Money due for goods sold on credit. Burke. To DE'BIT*, deV-lt. 7:. a. To enter in a book the names of those to whom goods are sold on credit, and the amount. DE'BITOR*, deb'-c-tfir. n.s. Debtor. Slw.kspe.are. To DEBOI'SE*, de-bdis'. To DEBOI'SH*, de-b6?sh'. To DEBOI'ST*, de-bdrst'. To DEBO'SH*, de-b&sh'. R. Williams. 34 :. a. To disgrace or corrupt by intemper- ance. Donne. To cor- rupt; to seduce. Sir DEBOI'SE*, de-b6ls'. n. s. One given to intemper- ance. Butler. DEBONA'IR$, deb-6-nare'. a. [debonimire, Fr.] El- egant ; civil ; well-bred. Spenser DEBONA'IRITY*, d£b-6-nare'-e-le. n.s. Gracious- ness ; gentleness ; elegance of manners. Donne. DEBONA'IRLY, deb-6-nare'-le. ad. Elegantly; with a genteel air. Huloet. DEBONAIRNESS*, dSb-o-nare'-nSs. n.s. Civility; complaisance. Steme. To DEBO'UCH*. v. n. [deboucher, Fr.] To march out of a wood, or a narrow pass, in order to meet or retire from an enemy. DEBT vS det. 347. n.s. [debilum, Lat.] That which one man owes to another. Bacon. That which j any one is obliged to do or sutler. Shakspeare. A DE'BTLESS*, det'-les. a. Without debt ; free from debt. Chaucer. DE'BTED, def-led. part. Indebted; obliged to. Shakspeare. DE'BTOR, det'-tur. 98. n. s. He that owes some- thing to another. Rom. One that owes money. Shale. One side of an account book. Addison. DEBULLITION, deb-fil-fish'-fin. n. s. A bubbling or seething over. Diet. DEB U< T», de-bu'. n. s. [Fr.] A very modern ex- pression, denoting the commencement or opening of a discourse, or any design. DE'CACHORD*, dek'-a-kdrd. \ n.s. [Sha DECHACHO / RDON*,dek-a-k6r'-d6n. and x°c /•] A musical instrument of the ancients, having ten strings ; figuratively, that which has ten parts. Watson. DECACU'MINATED, de-ka-ku'-me-na-ted. a. [de- cacuminatus, Lat.] Having the top or point cut off. Diet. DE'CADE, dek'-ad. 529. n. s. [6Ua.] The sum of ten ; a number containing ten. Broicn. DE'CADENCY, de-ka'-den-se. n. s. Decay ; fall. Swinburne. DE'CAGON, dek'-a-gon. 503. n. s. [oha and yuna.] A plain figure in geometry, having ten sides and angles. DECA'LOGIST*, de-kal'-o-jlst. ?i.s. An expesitor of the ten commandments. Gregory. DE'CALOGUE§, d£k'-a-16g. 338. n. s. [deica\oyos.] The ten commandments given by God to Moses. Hammond. To DECA'MP^, de-kamp'. v. n. [decamper, Fr.] To shift the camp ; to move off. Tatler. DECA'MPMENT, de-kamp'-ment. n. s. Shifting the camp. DECA'NAL*, de-ka'-nal. a. [decanus, Lat.] Pertain ing to the deanerv of a cathedral. Churion. To DECA'NTS, cfe-kant'. v. a. [deco.ntare, Ital.] To pour off gently by inclination. Wotlon. DECANT ATION, dek-an-ta'-shftn. n. s. Decant- ing or pouring off clear. DECA'NTER, de-kan'-tfir. 98. n. s. A glass vessel for receiving liquor clear from the lees. To DECA'PlTATE §, de-kap'-e-taie. v. a. [decapdto, Lat.] To behead. Evelyn. DECAPITATION*, de-kap-e-ta'-shun. n.s. Be heading. Archdeacon Arnicay. DE CASTICH*, dek'-a-stlk. n. s. [oiica and gtikos.] A poem often lines. Hoicell. DE'CASTYLE*. dek'-a-stlle. n.s. [vita and crrvXos.] [In architecture.] An assemblage often pillars. To DEC A'Y§, de-"ka'. 220. v.n. [decheoir, Fr.] To lose excellence ; to decline from the state of perfec- tion. Dry den. To DECA'Y, de-ka'. v. a. To impair ; to bring to decav- Shakspeare. DECA'Y, de-ka'. n. s. Decline from the state of per- fection ; state of diminution. Shak. The effects of diminution ; the marks of decay. Locke. Declen- sion from prosperity. Leviticus. The cause of de- cline. Bacon. DECA'YEDNESS*, de-ka'-ed-nSs. n.s. Diminution or depravation. Whole Duly of Man. DECA'YER, de-ka' -fir. 98. n. s. That which causes decay. Shakspeare. 3 265 DEC DEC ID* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat^ine, mel;— pine, pin *— DECAYING*, de-ka'-fng. n.s. Decline "from the* state of perfection. Massinger. DECEASE $, de-sese'. 227. n. s. [decessus, Lat.] Death : departure from life. Hooker. To DECEASE, de-s de-sl'-sfv-nes. n. s. The powe. of argument or evidence to terminate any differ- ence. DECFSORY, de-sl'-so-re. 429, 557. a. Able to de- termine. Shenoood. To DECK§, dek. v. a. [becan, Sax.] To cover; to overspread. Shak. To dress ; to array. Hosea. To adorn; to embellish. Speriser. DECK, d£k. n.s. The floor of a ship. B. Jonson. Pack of cards piled regularly on each other. Grew. DE'CKER, deV-kfir. n.s. A dresser; a coverer: as. a table-decker. Sherwood. Spoken of a ship : as, a two-decker ; that is, having two decks. DE'CKING*, dSk'-ing. n. s. Ornament. Homilies. To DECLAIM §, de-klame'. v. n. [declamo, Lat.] To harangue ; to speak to the passions ; to speak set orations. B. Jonson. To DECLAIM*, de-klame'. v. a. To advocate; to speak in favour of. South. DECLA1MER, de-kla'-mfir. n. s. One who makes speeches with intent to move the passions. Fotherby. DECLAIMING*, de-kla'-mlng. n. s. An harangue j an appeal to the passions. Bp. Taylor. DECLAMATION, dgk-la-ma'-shun. 530. n. s. A discourse addressed to the passions. Hooker. DE'CLAMATOR, dSk-la-ma'-tfir. 521. n. s. A de- claimed Sir T. Elyot. DECLAMATORY, de-klam'-ma-tflr-e. 512. a. Re 266 DEC DEC -n6, move, nor, not ; — tube, tub. biMl ; — fill ; — p6und; — thin, ruis. lating to the practice of declaiming. Wotton. Aj> pealin? to the passions. Dryden. DECLARABLE, de-kla'-ra-bl. a. Capable of proof. Broicn. DECLARA TION. dek-kla-ra -sbfin. 589. proclamation or affirmation. Honker. An explana- tion of something- doubtful. [In law.] The showing forth, or laving out, of an action personal in any suit. Cotee'l. DECLARATIVE*, de-klar'-a-dv. 157. a. Makinff preparation made by boiling water. Arbuth not. DECCCTfJKB, de-k6k -tslu'ire. 461. n.s. A sub- stance drawn by *atory.] n. s. An instrument in dialing. Chambers. To DECLINE. de-kllne'. v.n. [decHno, Lat.] To Sean downward. Shak. To deviate ; to run" into j obliquities. Exodus. To shun; to avoid to do any thin^. To sink ; to decav. Shaksjycare. To DECLINE o.'de-kline : . v. a. To bend down- ward ; to bring down. Spenser. To shun ; to avoid; to refuse. Clarendon. To decay; to sink. Shak. To turn off from any course. B. Jonson. To modifv a word bv various terminations. Watts. DECLINE, de-kllne'.* n.s. The state of tendency to the less or the worse ; diminution; decav. Prior. DECLIVITY?. de-khV-e-te. 511. n.s. [d Lat.] Inclination or obliquity reckoned downwards ; gradual descent. Woodward. DECLIVOUS, de-kll'-vfis. 503. a. Gradually de- scending; not precipitous. To DECOCT §, de-kokt. v. a. [decoquo, decodum. Lat.] To prepare by boiling. Bacon. To digest bv the heat of the stomach." Dairies. To boil in water, so as to draw the strength of any thing. Baton. To boil up to a consistence. Sha'kspeare. , DECO CTiBLE, de-kok'-te-bl. a. That which may be boiled. Did. DEC OCTION, de-kok'-sh&n. n. s. The act of boil- ' The act of compounding things already compounded. Instruct, for Oratory. Resolution or separation of parts. Kirican. To DECOMPO'UNDS, de-kom-pound'. v. a. \de- compono. Lat.] To compose of things already com- pounded. Boyle. To resolve a compound into simple parts. DECOMPO END. de-kom-poimd . a. Compounded a second time. E DECOMPO END ABLE*. de-k6m-p6un'-da-bl. a. Liable to be dissolved. British Criiick. I DE CORAMENT. dek'-ko-ra-menl. n. s. Ornament; embellishment. Diet. To DECORATE;. dek-k6-rate. M. r.a. [decoro, Lat.] To a'dorn ; to embellish. Dr. Wartm. DECORA TION. dek -ko-ra'-shun. n.s. Ornament; embellishment. Dryden. DE CORATOR.dek-ko-ra-tur. 521. n.s. An adorn- er. Dirt. DECO ROUS, de-ke'-rfls. 503. a. [decorus. Lat.] Decent; suitable to a character} becoming; prop er. Ray. £5= An uneducated English speaker is very apt to pro- nounce this word with the accent on the first syllable, according to the analogy of his own language ; but a learned ear would be as much shocked at such a de- parture from classical propriety, as in the words sono- rous and canorous. 5M When once the mere English scholar is set right in this word, he will be sure to pro- nounce dedetorous with the accent on the penultimate likewise; and when he is told that this is wrong, be- cause that syllable in the Latin word is short, he will not fail to pronounce indecorous with the antepenultimate accent ; but what will be his surprise, when he is in- formed that this too is wrong, because the penultimate syllable in Latin is long ! — See Indtcorocs. W. [Ac- cented deco'rous also by Entick, Skeridav, Jones 'and Webster ; dec orous by Ash and Perry.] DECOROUSLY*, de-ko'-rus-le. ad. In a becoming manner. To DECO RTIC ATE v. de-kSrMe-kate. r.a. [de- cortico. Lat.] To divest of the bark or husk; to peel; to strip. Arbuthnot. DECORTICATION. de-k&r-te-ka'-shfin. it.*. The act of stripping the bark or husk. Cockeram. DECOBTUM, de-k(y-rflnj. n.s. [Lat.J Decency; behaviour contrary to licentiousness. Shakspeare. To DECO Y ; . de-fcfie'. 329. r.a. \koa,, Dutch.] To lure :n!o a caffe; to entrap. L' Estrange. DECOY. ct-kOe . 72.5. Allurement to mischiefs; temptation. T Voodicard. DECOTDUCK. de-koe / -duk. n. s. A duck that lures others. Mortimer. To DECREASE?, de-krese . 227. v.n. [decresco, LatJ To grow less; to be diminished. Ecclus. To DECRE ASE. de-krese-. r. a. To make less; to diminish. Daniel. DECREASE, de-krese'. n.s. Decay. Prior. The wane ; the time when the visible face of the moon grows less. Bacon. To DECRE E 6. de-kree'. v.n. [decerno, decretum, Lat.] To make an edict j to appoint by edict. Wisdom, iv. To DECRE E. de-kree'. r.a. To doom or assign by a decree. Job. ins: anv thins", to extract its virtues. Bacon. A. DECREE, de-kree'. n.s. An edict; a law. Shak 1 2G7 DEC BEE [LT559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5 — me, met;— pine, p?n: An established rule. Job. A determination of a suit. [In canon law.] An ordinance, enacted by the pope with the advice of his cardinals. Ay^ life. DECREMENT, dek'-kre-ment. 503. n. s. [decre mentum, Lat.] Decrease; the quantity lost by de- creasing 1 . Brown. DECRETIT^, de-krep'-It. a. [decrepitus, Lat.] Wasted and worn out with age; in the last stage of decay. Shakspeare. This word is often written and pronounced, inaccurately, decrepid. T. <£• TV. ToDECRETITATES, de-krec/-e-tate. v. a. [de- crepo, Lat.] To calcine salt till it has ceased to crackle in the fire. Brown. DECREPITATION, de-krep-e-ta/-shun. n. s. The crackling noise which salt makes, when put over the fire in a crucible. Quiiicy. DECRETITNESS, de-krep'-it-nes. ? »• *• The last DECRETITUDE, de-krep'-e-tude. \ stage of de- cav. Bentley. DECRE'SCENT, de-kres'-sent. a. Growing less. DE'CRETAL, de-kre'-tal. a. Appertaining to a de- cree. Ayliffe. DE'CRETAL, de-kre^-tal, or dek'-re-tal. n. s. A book of decrees or edicts. Spenser. The collection of the pope's decrees. Howell. £fj= All our lexicographers, except Dr. Johnson, place the accent on the second syllable of this word ; and this ac- centuation, it must be confessed, is agreeable to the best usage. But Dr. Johnson's accentuation on the first syllable is unquestionably the most agreeable to English analogy: first, because it is a trisyllable and a simple, 503: next, because it is derived from the latter Latin decretalis ; which, in our pronunciation of it, has an accent on the first and third syllables ; and there- fore, when adopted into our language, by dropping the last syllable, takes the accent on the first. — See Acad- emy. That this is the general analogy of accenting words from the Latin, which drop the last syllable, is evident from the words decrement, increment, interval, &c. W. DECRE'TION* de-kre'-shfci. n. s. The state of growing less. Pearson. DE'CRETIST, de-kre'-tist. n. s. One that studies the knowledge of the decretal. Ay life. DE'CRETORILY*, dek'-re-tfir-e-le. ad. In a de- finitive manner. Goodman. DF/CRETORY, deV-kre-tfir-e. 557, 512. a. Judicial ; definitive. Pearson. Critical; in which there is some definitive event. Brown. To DECRE'W*, de-kroo'. v. n. [deem, Fr.] To de- crease. Spenser. Ob. T. DECRFAL, de-krl'-al. n. s. Clamorous censure ; hasty or noisy condemnation. Shaftesbury. DECRFER*, de-krl'-nr. n. s. One who censures hastily, or clamorously. South. DECROWNING*, de-krofin'-ing. n. s. The act of depriving of a crown. Overhiry. DECRUSTA'TION*, de-kras-ta'-shun. n.s. [de- crustation, Fr.] An uncrusting. Cot^rave. To DECRY' §, de-krV. v. a. [decrier, Fr.] To censure ; to clamour against. Dryden. DECUBA'TION*, dek-ku-ba/-shan. n. s. The act of lying down. Evelyn. DECU'MBENCE^, de-k&m'-bense. )n.s. [decum- DECU'MBENCY§, de-kflm'-ben-se. \ bo, Lat.] The act of lying down. Brown. DECU'MBENT, de-kvW-bent. a. Lying, or leaning ; recumbent. Ashmole. Lying in the Ded of sick- ness. Atterbury. DECU'MBITURE, de'-kum'-be-tshure. n.s. The time at which a man takes to his bed in a disease. Life of Firmin. A scheme of the heavens erected for that time, by which the prognosticks of recovery or death are discovered. Dryden. DE'CUPLE, dek'-A-pl. 405. a. [decuplus, Lat.] Ten- fold. Brown. DECU'RION, de-ku'-re-fln. n. s. [decurio, Lat.] A commander over ten ; an officer subordinate to the centurion. Temple. DECU RSION, de-kAr'-shun. n. s. [decursus, Lat.] The act of running down. Hak. To DECU'RW, de-kfirt'. y.a. [decurio, Lat.] To abridge; to shorten. Herrick. j DECURTATION, dgk-kur-ta'-shfln. 530. n.s. Cut- ting short, or shortening. To DECU'SSATE$, de-k&s'-sate. v. a. [decusso, Lat.] To intersect at acute angles. Ray. DECUSSATION, dek-kfis-sa/-shftn. 530. n. s. The act of crossing. Ray. To DEDE'CORATE$, de-dek'-k6-rate. v. a, [. s. [beon, Sax.] That class of ani- mals which is hunted tor venison. Sliakspeare. DE ESS*, de'-£s. n. s. [deesse, Fr.] A goddess. Bp. H. Croft. To DEFA'CE §, de-fase'. r. a. [deface, Norm. Fr.] To destroy; to raze ; to disfigure. Abp. Wiiitgift. DEFA'CEMENT, de-fase'-ment. n. s. Violation; razure; destruction. Bacon. DEFA'CER, de-fa'-s&r. 98. n.s. Destroyer; abol- isher. Shakspeare. DEFA'ILANCE, de-fa'-lanse. n. s. [defaillance, Fr.] Failure ; miscarriage. Bp. Taylor. Ob. J. To DEFALCATES, de-fal'-kate. v. a. [defalco, Lat.] To cut off; to lop. Bullokar. {£p The a in this word does not go into the broad Ger- man a in fall, not only because the consonant that follows the I is carried off to the succeeding sylla- ble, but because the word is derived from the Latin ; and it must be carefully observed, that words from the burned languages preserve the a before I and another consonant, in the short middle sound of thai vowel ; in the same manner as u in fulminate preserves the short sound cf that letter, and is not pronounced like the same vowel in full. 84, 177. W. DEFALCATION, def-fal-ka'-shun. 530. n. s. Dim- inution; abatement; excision of any part of a customary allowance. Burton. To DEFA'LK, de-falk'. v. a. To cut off; to lop away. Bp. Hall. DEFAMA'TION, def-a-ma'-shnn. n. s. Defaming or bringing infamy upon another ; calumny ; reproach. Ai/liffe. DEFA'MATORY, de-fam'-ma-tor-e. «. Calumni- ous; tending to defame; libellous. Wotton. To DEFA'ME § de-fame', v. a. \de and farm, Lat.] To make infamous ; to censure falsely in publick ; to !ibe! ; to calumniate. Cfumcer. DEFA'ME, de-fame', n.s. Disgrace; dishonour. Spotser'. Ob. J. DEFA'MER, de-fa'-mur. n. s. One that injures the reputation of another. Gov. of the Tongue. PEFA'MING*, de-fa'-mtng. 74.5. Defamation. Jer. DEFA'TIGABLE*, de-fdt'-e-gu-bl. a. Liable to be weary. Glanvilk. To DEFA'TIGATE §, de-fat'-e-gate. 0. a. [defatigo, Lat.] To weary ; to tire. Sir T. Herbeit. DEFATIGA'TION, de-fat e-ga'-shfin. n.s. Wea- riness. Bp. Hall. DEFA'ULT*, de-fawlt'. [See Fault.] n.s. [de- fault?, old Fr.] Omission of that which we ought to do. Crime ; failure ; fault. Hayicard. Defect ; want. Dames. Non-appearance in court at a day assigned. Cowel To DEFA'ULT, de-fawlt'. v. a. To fail in perform- tag any contract or stipulation. Milton. To DEFA'ULT*, de-fawlt'. v.n.To offend. Spenser. DEFAULTED*, de-fawlt'-ed. a. Having defect. DEFAULTER, de-iawlt'-ar. n.s. One that makes default. History of Duelling. DEFEASANCES, de-fe'-zanse. ji.s. [defaisance, Fr.] The act of annulling or abrogating any con- tract. Guthrie. A condition annexed to an act, which performed by the obligee, the act is disa- bled. Cowel. The writing in which a defeasance is contained. Blackstone. A defeat; conquest. DEFEASIBLE, de-fe'-ze-bl. a. That which may be annulled or abrogated. Davies. DEFE'AT §, de-fete', n. s. [defeat, old Fr.] The overthrow of an army. Addison. Act of destruc I tion. Shakspeare. I To DEFE'AT, de-fete', v. a. To overthrow ; '-o I undo. Shak. To frustrate. Shaksjieare. T» abut I ish ; to undo; to change; to alter. Shakspeare. I DEFE'AT URE, de-fe'-tshiire. 461. n. s. Change of I feature. Slutk. Overthrow ; defeat. Beaumont and j Fletcher. Ob. J. I To DE'FECATEf, def-fe-kate. 503. v. a. [defccci, I Lat.] To purge liquors from lees or foulness; to purify. Boyle. To purify from any extraneous mixture; to clear; to' brighten. Wotton. DE'FECATE, d&'-fe-kate. a. Purged from lees or foulness. Glanville. DEFECA'TION, def-fe-ka'-shun. n. s. Purification. Smith. DEFE'CT §, de-fekt'. n. s. [defectus, Lat.] Want ; absence of something necessary. Davies. Failing; imperfection. Shak. A fault ; mistake ; errour. Hooker. Any natural imperfection ; a blemish ; "a failure. Locke. j To DEFE'CT, de-fekt'. v. n. To be deficient; to fall short of. Brown. Ob. J. DEFECTIBI'LITY, de-fek-te-bn'-e-te. n.s. The slate of failing. Lord Dizby. DEFE'CTIBLE, de-fek'-le-bl. a. Imperfect; defi- cient. Hale. Liable to defect. Pearson. DEFECTION, de-fek'-sh5n. n.s. Want; failure. A falling away; apostasy. Raleigh. An aban- doning of a king, or state ; revolt. Davies. DEFECTIVE, de-lek'-tiv. 157. a. Wanting the just quantity. Brown. Full of defects; imperfect. Ar- buthnot. Fault}-; vicious. Ecclus. DEFE'CTIVE Nouns. Indeclinable nouns, such as want a number, or some particular case. DEFE'CTIVE Verb. A verb which wants some of its tenses. DEFECTIVELY* de-fek'-tlv-le. ad. Wanting the just quantity. Abp. Usher. DEFECTIVENESS, de-fek'-tiv-nes. n.s. Want 5 the state of being imperfect. Bp. Barlow. DEFE'CTUOUS*,de-fek'-tshu-us.«. Full of defects. Worthington. DEFECT (JO'SITY*,de-fek-tshu-6s'-e-te. n.s. Im- perfection ; faultiness. W. Mountain. DEFEDA'TION* def-e-da'-shun. See Dzfolda- Tjojr. DEFE'NCE §, de-fense'. n. s. [defensio, Lat.] Guar;.; ; protection. 2 Chron. Vindication ; justification ; apology. Acts. Prohibition : a sense merely French. Temple. Resistance. Shak. [In law.] The defendant's reply. Blackstone. [In fortifica- tion.] The part that flanks another work. The science of defence; military skill. Shakspeare. To DEFE'NCE, de-fense'. r. a. To defend by forti- fication. Fairfax. DEFE'NCELESS, de-fense'-les. a. Naked ; unarm- ed; unguarded. Milton. Impotent; unable to make resistance. Addison. DEFE'NCELESSLY* de-fense'-les-le. ad. In an unprotected manner. DEFE'NCELESSNESS*, de-fense'-les-nes. n. s. An unprotected stale. Bp. Fleetwood. ToDEFE'NDS, de-fend', v. a. [defendo, Lat.] To stand in defence of; to protect. Judges. To vin- dicate ; to uohold. Swift. To fortify ; to secure. 269 DEF DEF O* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mk ;— pine, pin ;— Dry den. To prohibit; to forbid. Cliaucer. To maintain a place or cause. Pope. To repel; to keep off: a Latinism. Spenstr. DEPENDABLE, de-feV-da-bl. a. Defensible. Sherwood, DEFENDANT, de-fen'-dant. a. Defensive ; fit for defence. DEFENDANT, de-fen'-dant. n. s. He that defends. WiUcins. [In law.] The person accused or sued. Shakspeare, DEFENDER, de-fen'-dfir. 98. n. s. One that de- fends; a champion. Shale. An assertor; a vindi- cator. South. [In law.] An advocate. DEFENSATIVE, de-fen'-sa-ttV. n. s. Guard; de- fence. Brown. [In surgery.] A bandage, or plas- ter. DEFEASIBLE,, de-feV-se-bl. a. That may be de- fended. Shale. Justifiable ; right ; capable of vin- dication. Collier. DEFENSIVE, de-feV-sfv. 428. a. That serves to defend : proper for defence. Sidney. In a state or pasture of defence. Milton. DEFENSIVE, de-feV-sfv. 158. n.s. Safeguard. Bacon. State of defence. Clarendon. DEFENSIVELY, de-fen'-slv-le. ad. In a defensive manner. Milton. DEFE'NST. part. pass. Defended. Fairfax. To DEFE'R§, de-feV. v. n. To put off; to delay to act. [dijfero, Lat.] Milton. To pay deference or regard, [de'ferer, Fr.] Pope. ToDEFE'R, de-feV. v. a. To withhold; to delay. Acts. To refer to. Bacon. To offer; to give. Brcvint. DE'FERENCE, def'-er-ense. 503. n. s. Regard ; re- spect. Drijden. Complaisance; condescension. Locke. Submission. Addison. DE'FERENT, def'-er-ent. a. That carries up and down. Bacon. DE'FERENT, def-er-gnt. n.s. That which carries. Bacon. DE'FERENTS, def-er-ents. n.s. Certain vessels in the human body, for the conveyance of humours from one place to another. Chambers. DEFE'RMENT*, de-feV-ment. n.s. Delay. Sir J. Suckling;. DEFE'RRER*, de-fer'-rur. n. s. Adelayer ; a putter off. B. Jonson. DE'FFLY*, dtt> -le. ad. Finely; nimbly. Spenser. See Defly. DEFI'ANCE §, de-fl'-anse. n. s. [defiance, old Fr.] A challenge ; an invitation to fight. Shak. A chal- lenge to make any impeachment good. Expres- sion of abhorrence or contempt. Decay of Piety. OEFI'ATORY*, de-fi'-a-tfir-e. a. Bearing defiance. Shelford. DEFI'CIENCE §, de-flsh'-gnse. ) n. s. [deficio, Lat.] DEFICIENCY M^kh'-en-se. \ Want ^something less than is necessary. Arbuthnol. Defect; imper- fection. Brown. DEFICIENT, de-flsh'-ent. a. Failing; wanting; defective. Wotton. DEFICIENT Numbers are those whose parts, added together, make less than the integer. Chambers. DEFICIENTLY*, de-f?sb/-ent-le. ad. In a defec- tive manner. DEFICIT*, def -e-sn. n. s. [Lat.] Want ; de- ficiency. Ld. Auclehxnd. DEFI'ER, de-fl'-ur. n.s. A challenger; a contem- ner. Beo.umont and Fletclier. DEFIGURATION*, de-fig-iVra'-shun. n. s. A change of a better form to a worse. Bp. Hall. To DEF1'GURE§*, de-flg'-ure. v. a. [de, Lat. and figure.'] To delineate. Weever. 2\>DEF1'LE§, de-file', v. a. [apylan. Sax.] To make foul or impure. Shak. To pollute. Levit. To corrupt chastity ; to violate. Prior. To taint ; to corrupt Wisdom. To DEFFLE, de-file', v. n. [deffiter, Fr.] To march ; to go off file by file. DEFFLE, de-flle'. n, s. A narrow passage ; a long narrow pass. Addison. ^5= Some military coxcombs have endeavoured to intro- duce the French pronunciation of this word defili, as if written deff-fe-laij ; others have endeavoured to bring it nearer to our own analogy, by pronouncing it in three syllables^ if written deff'-fe-le. I am sorry to find Mr. Sheridan has adopted this pronunciation : he is fol- lowed only by Bailey and Ash ; the first of whom has it both ways, and the last gives it only as an uncommon pronunciation. Dr. Johnson and the rest are decidedly for the general pronunciation, which is the same as the verb to defile .- and if this were urged as a reason to al- ter the pronunciation of the substantive, it may be an- swered, that the remedy would be worse than the dis- ease. — See Bowl. To these observations it may be added, that, if we pro- nounce this word exactly like the French, because it is a military term, we ought to pronounce a file of mus- keteers, a. feel of musketeers. W. DEFI'LEMENT, de-flle'-ment. n. s. The state of being defiled. Milton. DEFFLER, de-fl'-lfir. 98. n. s. One that defiles. Ad- dison. DEFINABLE, de-flne'-a-bl. a. That which may be defined. Dryden. That which may be ascertain- ed. Burnet. To DEFINES, de-flne'. v. a. [definio, Lat.] To give the definition ; to explain a thing by its quali- ties and circumstances. Sidney. To circumscribe ; to bound. Newton. To decide; to determine. Spenser. To DEFINE, de-flne'. v.n. To determine ; to de- cide. Bacon. DEFFNER, de-fl'-nur. n. s. One that explains, or describes a thing by its qualities. Prior. DE'FINITE §,d£f-e-nit.503, 154. a. [def niius, Lat.] Certain; limited; bounded. Sidney. "Exact; pre- cise. Shakspeare. DE'FINITE, def'-e-nit. 156. n. s. Thing explained or defined. Ayliff'e. DE'FINITELY^def-e-nit-le. ad. Precisely; in a definite manner. DE'FINITENESS, deF-e-nn-ngs. n. s. Certainty ; limitedness. DEFINITION, def-e-nfsh'-un. n.s. A short de- scription of a thing by its properties. Dryden. De- cision ; determination. [In logick.] The explica- tion of the essence of a thing by its kind and differ- ence. Bmtley. DEFINITIVE, de-fln'-e-trv. a. Determinate; posi- tive; express. Brown. DEFINITIVE*, de-f m'-e-tiv. n. s. That which as- certains or defines. Harris. DEFINITIVELY, de-fln'-e-tlv-le. ad. Positively ; decisivelv. Shakspeare. > DEFI'NITIVENESS, de-fm'-e-tiv-ne\s. n. s. Deci- sivcncss. Diet. To DEFI'X* de-f Iks', v. a. [def go, defixum, Lat.] To fasten with nails ; figuratively, to fix earnestly. Herbert. DEFLAGRABI'LITY, dgf-fla-gra-bil'-e-te. n. s. Combustibility. Boyle. DEFLA'GRABLE, de-fla'-gra-bl. a. Having the quality of wasting away wholly in fire. Boijle. To DE'FLAGRATE §* dSP -fla-grate. v. a. [defla- gro, Lat.] To set fire to. DEFLAGRA'TION, deT-fia-gra'-shun. n. s. [In chymistry.] The setting fire to several things in their preparation. Quincy. Destruction by fire without remains. Pearson. To DEFLE'CT §, de-figkt'. v. n. [defecto, Lat.] To turn aside ; to deviate from a true course. Brown. DEFLE'CTION, de-flgk'-shfin. n.s. Deviation. Brown. A turning aside, or out of the way. W. Mounlagu. The departure of a ship from its true course. DEFLE'XURE, de-flek'-shure. 479. n. s. A bend- ing down ; a turning aside. Diet. DEFLORA'TION, det-flo-ra'-sh&n. 530. n. s. [de- foratvs, Lat.] The act of deflouring ; the taking away of a woman's virginity. Transl. of Bul/in- ger^s Sermons. A selection of that which is most valuable. Hale. To DEFLO'UR §, de-flour', v. a. [deforer, FrJ To ravish ; to take away a woman's virginity. Ecdus. 270 DEG DEI -n6, move, ndr, not ; — tube, tab, bull ; — 6?1 ; — pound ; — tb'm, THis. To take away the beauty and grace of any thing. Milton. To deprive of flowers. W. Movntagu DEFLO'URER, de-fl6a'-rQr. 98. n.s. A ravishor Stafford. To DEFLO'W**, de-flo'. v.n. [defluo, Lat.] To (low, or run. as water. Brown. JEFLU OUS, deP-flu-Os. a. That flows down. That tails off. DEFLU'X, de-fluks'. n. s. [defluxus, Lat.] Down- ward flow. Bacon. DEFLU XION, de-fl&k'-shan. n.s. The flow of hu- mours downward. Bacon. DE FLY, def r -le.«d. Dexterously ; skilfully. Spenser. Oh. J. Properly deftly. DEFOEDATION, def-fe-da'-shun. n. s. [defeda- lion. Fr.] The act of making filthy; pollution. Bentleii. To DEFO RCE $* de-forse'. v. a. [deforcer, old Fr.] To keep out of the possession of land by deforce- ment. Blackstone. DEFORCEMENT, de-forse'-ment. n.s. A with- holding by force from the right owner. To DEFORM*, de-fdrm'. v. a. [deformo, Lat.] To disfigure ; to spoil the form of anv thing. Shak. To | dishonour; to make ungraceful ■^■Dryden. DEFORM, de-form', a. Ugly; disfigured. Spen- 1 ser. DEFORMATION, def-for-ma'-shun. 530. n. s. A defacing; a disfiguring. DEFORMED, de-f&rmd', or de-for'-mgd. part. a. j Ugly; wanting natural beauty. Huloet. Base; disgraceful. B. Jonson. DEFORMEDLY, de-f3r'-med-le. 364. ad. In an I uglv manner. DEFO'RMEDNESS, de-for'-med-nes. ?i.s. Ugli- \ ness ; a disagreeable form. DEFOR'MER* de-for'-mur. n. s. One who defaces j or deforms. DEFORMITY, de-for'-me-te. n.s. Ugliness; ill-! favouredness. Shak. Ridiculousness. Dry den. Ir- i regularity; inordinateness. King Charles. DEFORSOR, de-fSr'-sur. 166. n. s. [forceur, Fr.] j One that overcomes and. casts out by force, j Blonnt. To DEFO'UL*, de-foul', v. a. To defile. Ob. T. I To DEFRAUD $, de-frawd'. v. a. [defraudo, Lat.] To rob or deprive by a wile or trick ; to cheat. Thess. DEFRAUDATION, def-fraw-da'-shun. n.s. Priva- tion bv fraud. Brown. DEFRA'UDER, de-fraw'-dfir. n.s. A deceiver;. one that cheats. Blackmore. DEFRAUDMENT*, de-frawd'-ment. n. s. Privation bv deceit or fraud. Milton. TVDEFRA'YS, de-fra'. v. a. [defrayer, Fr.] To bear the charges of. 2 Mace. DEFRAYER, de-fra'-ur. 98. n.s. One that dis- charges expenses. DEFRAYMENT, de-fra'-ment. n. s. The payment of expenses; compensation. Shelton. DEFT§, deft. a. [bsept, Sax.] Neat; handsome; spruce. B. Jonson. Proper ; fitting. Shakspeare. Ready ; dexterous. Dryden. Ob. J. DE'FTLY, deft'-le. ad. Neatly ; dexterously. Shak. In a skilful manner. Gay. Ob. J. DE'FTNESS*, deft'-nes. n. s. Neatness ; beauty. Drayton. DEFUNCT §, de-f&nkt/. a. {defunct, old Fr.] Dead; deceased. Shakspeare. DEFUNCT, de-funkt'. n.s. One that is deceased. Shakspeare. DEFUNCTION, de-f&ngk'-sh&n. 408. n. s. Death. Shakspeare. To DEFY' §, de-fl'. v. a. [dejfier, Fr.] To call to combat ; to challenge. Milton. To treat with con- tempt ; to slight. Shakspeare. To disdain ; to re- nounce. Spenser. DEFY', de-fl'. n. s. A challenge. Dryden. Ob. J. DEFY''ER,de-fl'-ur.n.s. A challenger. South. More properly defer. To DEGE'N'DER*, de-jen'-dur. v. n. To degenerate. Spenser. Ob. T. DEGE'NDERED* de-jen'-d&rd. a. Degenerated Spenser. DEGENERACY, de-jen'-er-a-se. n. s. A departure from the virtue of our ancestors. Harris. A de- sertion of that which is good. Tillotson. Mean- ness. Addison. To DEGENERATES, de-jen'-er-ate. 9L v.n [degenerare, Lat.] To fall from the virtue of ances- tors. Han-is. To fall from a more noble to a base state. Tillotson. To fall from its kind; to grow wild or base. Bacon. DEGENERATE, de-jen'-er-ate. a. Unlike one's an- cestors. Shakspeare. Unworthy ; base, Milton. DEGE'NERATELY*, de-jen'-er-ate-le. ad.. In an unworthv or base manner. Worthington. DEGE'NERATENESS, de-jen'-er-ate-nes. n, s, Degeneracy. DEGENERATION, de-jen-er-a'-shun. n. s. A de- viation from the virtue of one's ancestors. A falling from a more excellent state to one of less worth. Bp. Hall. The thing changed from its primitive state. Brown. DEGE'NEROUS^e-jen'-er-us. a. Degenerated. B. Jonson. Vile ; base. King Charles. DEGE'NEROUSLY, de-jeii'-er-us-le. ad. Basely y meanly. Decay of Piety. DEGLUTI'TION, deg-glu-t?sh'-un. 530. n. s. [deglu- tio. Lat.] The act of swallowing. Arbuthnot. DEGRADATION, deg-gra-da'-shun. 530. n.s.. A deprivation of dignity ; dismission from office. Ay- life. Degeneracy; "baseness. South. Diminution, To DEGRADE S, de-grade', v. a. [dtgrader, Fr.^ To put one from his degree ; to deprive him of of- fice, dignity, or title. Shak. To lessen ; to dimin- ish. Milton. To reduce from a higher to a lower state. DEGRADEMENT*, de-grade'-ment. n. s. Depri- vation of dignitv or office. Milton. DEGRA/DINGLY* de-gra'-dlng-le. ad. In a de preciating manner. Cocentry. DEGRAVATION, deg-ra-va'-shun. n.s. [degra- vatus, Lat.] The act of making heavy. Diet. DEGRE'Ef, de-gree'. n.s. [degre, Fr.] Quality, rank; station; place of dignity. Spenser. The comparative state and condition in which a thing is. Bacon. A step or preparation to any thing. Sidney. A step; as, the step of a staircase. Chaucer. Order of lineage ; descent of family. Dryden. Orders or classes. Locke. Measure, proportion. Dryden. The three hundred and six- tieth part of the circumference of a circle. [In arithmetick.] A degree consists of three figures, viz. of three places comprehending units, tens, and hun- dreds ; so. three hundred and sixty-five is a degree. Cocker. The division of the lines upon several sorts of mathematical instruments. [In musick.] The intervals of sounds. The vehemence or slack ness of the hot or cold quality. South. By DEGRE'ES, bl de-greez'. ad. Gradually; by little and little. Sidney. To DEGU'ST $*, de-gust', v. a. [degusto, Lat.] To taste. DEGUSTATION, deg-gus-ta'-shun. 530. n.s. A tasting. Diet. Bp. Hall. To DEHO'RT §, de-hdrt'. v. a. [dehorior, Lat.] To dissuade. Bp. Hall. DEHORTATION, de-h6r-ta'-shun. n.s. Dissua- sion. Knight. DEHO'RT ATORY, de-h6r'-ta-tar-c. 512. a. Be- longing to dissuasion. Bp. Hall. DEHO'RTER, de-hSr'-tfir. n. s. A dissuader. Sher- DE'IciDE§, de'-e-slde. 143. n.s. [deus and cccdo, Lat.] The death of our blessed Saviour. Prior. DEI'FICAL*, de-lP-e-kal. a. Making divine. Homi- lies. DEIFICATION, de-e-fe-ka'-sh&n. n. s. The act of deifying, or making a god. Fotlxerby. DE'IFIER*, de'-e-f 1-ur. n. s. One who makes a man a god. Coventry. DE'IFORM, d^-e-fSrm. a. Of a godlike form, More. 271 DEL DEL (CT 559.- -Fate, far, fall, fat; -me, m .] A ring-leader of the rabble ; a popular and factious orator. King Charles. DEMA'IN, ) Cn. s. [domaine, Fr.] That DEME'AN, £ de-mene'. >? land which a man holds DEME'SNE, S C originally of himself, op- posed to feodum, or fee, which signifies those lands that are held of a superiour lord. Phillips. Estate in land. Sliak. Land adjoining to the mansion, kept in the lord's own hand. Swift. To DEMA'ND §, de-mand'. 79. v. a. [demander, Fr.] To claim; to ask for with authority. Shak. To question ; to interrogate. 2 Samuel. [In law.] To prosecute in a real action. DEMA'ND, de-mand'. n. s. A claim; a chal- lenging. Daniel. A question; an interrogation. Shak. The calling for a thing in order to pur- chase it. Addison. [In law.] The asking of what is due. It hath also a proper signification dis- tinguished from plaint ; for ail civil actions are pur- sued either by demands or plaints, and the pursuer is called demandant or plaintiff. DEMA'NDABLE, de-man'-da-bl. a. That may be demanded. Bacon. DEMA'NDANT, de-man'-dfuit. n. s. He who is actor or plaintiff in a real action. Coke. A plain- tiff. Spectator. DEMA/NDER, de-man'-dur. n. s. One that requires a thing with authority. One that asks a question. Beaumont and Fletcher. One that asks for a thing in order to purchase it. Carew. A dunner; one that demands a debt. DEMA'NDERESS*, de-mand'-ur-Ss. n. s. A female plaintiff, or petitioner. Cotscrave. DEMARCA' TION*, de-mar-ka'-shun. n. s. [Fr.] Division; separation of territory. Burke. DEMA'RCH*, de-martsh'. n. s. '[demarche, old Fr.] Gait ; march ; walk. London Journal. DEME'AN, de-mene'. n. s. A mien ; presence ; car- riage ; demeanour. Spenser. To DEME'AN$, de-mene'. v. a. [demesner, Norm. Fr.] To behave ; to carry one's self. South. To lessen; to debase ; to undervalue. Shak. To treat; to use in a bad manner. Spenser. DEMEANOUR, de-me'-nfir. 314. n, s. Carriage; behaviour. Sidney. DEME'ANS, de-menz'. n. s. pi. properly demesnes, which see. DEME'ANURE*, de-mene'-ure. n. s. Behaviour. Barret. DE'MENCY* dem'-en-se. n. s. {dementia, Lat.] Madness. SMton. To DEME'NTATE §, de-meV-tate. v. a. [demento, Lat.] To make mad. Burton. DEME'NTATE*, de-men'-tate. a. Infatuated; in- sane. Hammond. DEMENT A'TION, de-rnen-ta'-shun. n. s. Making mad. or frantick. Whitlock. DEME'RIT, de-mer'-?t. n. s. [demeritus, Lat.] The opposite to merit ; ill-deserving. Spenser. Ancient- ly the same with merit ; desert. Shakspeare. To DEME'RIT, de-mer'-ft. v. a. To deserve blame or punishment. Shelford. DEME'RSED §, de-merst', or de-mer'-seU a. Plung- ed ; drowned. Diet. DEME'RSION, de-mer'-shSn. n. s. [demersio, Lat.] A drowning. The putting any medicine in a dis- solving liquor. DEME'SNE. See Demain. DE'Ml §, dem -e. inseparable particle, [demi, Fr.] Half; one of two equal parts. This word is only used in composition ; as, demigod, that is, half hu- man, half divine. DEMI-CANNON Lowest. A great gun that carries a ball of thirty pounds weight. Diet. DEMI-CANNON Ordinary. A great gun that carries a shol thirty-two pounds weight. Did. DEMI-CANNON of the greatest Size. A gun that carries a ball thirty-six pounds weight. Diet. DEMI-CULVERIN of the lowest Size. A gun that carries a ball nine pounds weight. Diet. DEMI-CULVERIN Ordinary. A gun that carries a ball ten pounds eleven ounces weight. DEMI-CULVERIN Elder Sort. A gun that carries a ball twelve pounds eleven ounces weight. Mili- tary Diet. DEMI-DEVIL, dem'-e-dev'-vl. n. s. Half a clevil. Shakspeare. DEMI-GOD, dem'-e-god. n. s. Partaking of divine nature; half a god. Sidneu. DEMI-LANCE, dem'-e-laiise. n. s. A light lance. Dryden. DEMI-MAN, dem'-e-man. n.s. Haifa man. Knolles. DEMI-NATURED*, dem'-e-na'-tshurd. a. Par- taking half the nature of another animal. Shak. DEMI-PREMISES*, dem'-e-prem'-c-sez. n. s. plur. Half premises. Hooker. DEMI-REP*, deW-e-rep. n. s. [demi, and an abbre- viation of reputation.] A woman suspected of un- chastity, but not convicted. Burney. DEMLAVOLF, deV-e-wulf. n. s. A mongrel dog between a dog and wolf. Shakspeare. To DE'M1GRATE§*. dem'-e-grate. v. a. [demigro. Lat.] To move from one place to another. Cockeram. DEMIGRA'TION*, dem-e-gra'-shun. «. 5. Change of habitation. Cockeram. DEMFSE, de-mlze'. n. s. [demise, Fr.] Death ; de- cease. Used only of a crowned head, or of the crown itself. Blackstone. To DEMFSE §, de-mlze'. v. a. To giant at one's death ; to grant by will. Swift. DEMI'SS§#, de-mis', a. [demissus, Lat.] Humble. Spenser. DEMI'SSION, de-m.sh'-fin. n. s. Degradation ; dimi- nution of dignity. L' Estrange. DEMI'SSLY*, de-mfs'-le. ad. In an humble manner. Sherwood. DE'MISSORY*. See Dimissory. To DEMPT §, de-mu/. v. a. [demitto, Lat.] To de- press; to hang down ; to let fall. Brown. To sub- mit; to humble. Norris. DEMOCRACY §, de-m6k'-kra-se. n. s. [fopoKparta.J Sovereign power lodged in the collective body of the people. Temple. DE'MOCRAT*, deW-6-krat. ) n. s. One de- DEMO'CRATIST*, de-m6k'-ra-tlst. \ voted to de- mocracy. Burke. DEMGCRA'TICAL, dem-o-krat'-e-kal.SSO. ; DEMOCRA'TICK*, dem-6-kratMk. \ Pertaining to a popular government ; popular. Brown. DEMOCRATICALLY*, dem-o-krat'-e-kal-le. ad. In a democrat ical manner. Algernon Sidney. DEMO'CRATY*, de-m&k'-ra-te. n. s. Democracy Burton. To DEMO'LISH$, de-mol'-llsh. v. a. [demolior Lat.] To throw down buildings; to raze; to de- stroy. Tilbtson. DExMO'LISHER, de-m6l'-l?sh-fir. n. s. One that throws down; a destroyer; a layer waste. Bp. Taiilor. DEMO'LISHMENT* de-mol'-lsh-ment. n.s. Ruin; destruction. Beaumont and Fletcher. DEMOLITION, dem-o-lfsh'-un. 530. n. s. The act of overthrowing buildings ; destruction. Beaumont and Fletcher. DE'MON §, de'-m6n. n. s. [<5a«7/u>f.] A spirit; gen- erally an evil spirit ; a devil. Mede. DE'MONESS* de'-m6n-£s. n. s. A pretended female divinity. Mede. DEMONIACAL, dem-o-nl'-a-kal. ) 506. „,■ and \6yos.] Discourse of the nature of ctevils. Howell. DEMO'NOMIST*, de-m6n'-6-m?st. 11. s. One living in subjection to the devil. Sir T. Herbert. DEMOfaOMY*. de-m6n'-o-me. n. s. [tatpbtv and vdftos.] The dominion of the devil. Sir T. Herbert. DE MONSHIP*, de'-mon-ship. n. s. The state of a demon. Made. DEMONSTRABLE.. de-mdn'-stra-bU. Thai which may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction. Glanvi/le. DEMO'NSTRABLENESS*. de-m&n'-stra-bl-nes. n. s. Capability of demonstration. Clarke. DEMONSTRABLY, de-mon'-stra-ble. ad. Evident- lv ; bevond possibilitv of contradiction. Clarendon. To DEMONSTRATE f. de-m6n'-strate. 91. v. a. [demonstro, Lat.] To prove with the highest de- cree of certaintv. Tillotson. DEMONSTRATION, dem-m6n-stra / -sh&n. 530. n.s. The highest degree of deducible or argumental evidence. Hooker. Indubitable evidence of the senses or reason. Tillotson. DEMONSTRATIVE, de-mon'-stra-tiv. a. Having the power of demonstration. Hooker. Having the power of expressing clearly and certainly. Dry- i den. DEMONSTRATIVELY, de-m6n'-stra-t?v-le. ad. With evidence not to be opposed or doubted. South. Clearlv; plainly; with certain knowledge. Brown. DEMONSTRATOR, dein-m&n-stra'-tr.r. n. s. One that proves ; one that leaches ; one that demon- strates. Smith. 55° The accent on the penultimate syllable of this word seems appropriated to one whose office it is to demon- strate or exhibit any part of philosophy: when it mere- ly means one wno Demonstrates any thing in general, the accent is on the same sy..ab]e as the verb. 521. TV. DEMO'NSTRATORY, de-mon'-stra-nV-e. 512. a. Having the tendency to demonstrate. DEMORALIZATION*, de-m&r-al-e-za'-sh&n. n.s. Destruction of morals. Quarterly Review. To DEMORALIZE $#, de-mtV-al-lze. v. a. To de- stroy morals and moral feeling. Crit. Rev. To DEMU'LCE$* de-mulse'. v. a. [demulceo, Lat.] To soothe ; to pacify. Sir T. Elyot. Oh. T. DE.MU'LCENT, de-m&l'-sent. a. "Softening ; molli- fying. Arbuthnot. To DEMU'R $, de-miV. v. n. [demurer, Fr.] To de- lay a process in law by doubts and objections. Walton. To pause in "uncertainty; to hesitate. Hay ward. To doubt; to have scruples. Bentley. To DEMU'R, de-mur'. v. a. To doubt of. Milton: DEMU'R, de-miV. n.s. Doubt; hesitation. Abp. Cramner. DEML T/ RE§, de-mure', a. [des moeirrs, Fr.] Sober; decent. Spenser. Grave ; affectedly modest. Shak. To DEML T/ RE, de-mure', v. n. To look with an af- fected modesty. Shakspeare. DEMU'RELY, de-more'-le. ad. With affected mod- esty ; with pretended gravity. Shak. Solemnly. Shakspeare. DEMU'RENESS, de-mure'-nes. n. s. Modesty; so- berness. Sidney. Affected modesty; pretended gravitv. South. DEMURRAGE, de-m&r'-r?dje. n. s. An allowance made by merchants to masters of ships, for their stay in a port beyond the time appointed. DEMU'RRER, de-murmur. 98. n.s. A kind of pause upon a point of difficulty in an action. Cowel. One who pauses in uncertainty. Young. DEMY'*, de-mi', n. s. [demi, Fr.] A term relating to the size of paper; as, demy, medium, royal, or large; of which the demy "is the smallest". The name of a scholar, or half fellow, at Magdalen College, Oxford. DEN §, den. n. s. [ben ? Sax.] A cavern or hoi low running with a small obliquity under ground Hooker. 1 he cave of a wild beast. Shak. Den, the termination of a local name, may signify either a valley or a woody place. Gibson. To DEN*, den. v. n. To dwell as in a den. Cham- fers. DENARY*, den/4-re. n.s. [de.iarius, Lat.'] Tha number often. Sir Kenelm Digby. To DENATIONALIZE*, de-nash'-On-al-lzc. v. a. To take away national rights. Declaration of the Prince Regent, of Gr. Brit, and Irel. Jan. 181& ins Denial ; refusal. Shakspeare. v. a. [denego, Lat.] To deny. l)ENA'Y*.de-na To DENA'Y . a. [detraction, Lat.] To derogate; to take away by envy any thing from the reputation of another. Bacon. To take awav; to withdraw. Wbtton, DETIlA CTER, de-trak'-tfir. n. s. One that takes away another's reputation. Spenser. DETRACTION, de-trak'-shtin. n. s. The impair- ing or lessening a man in point of fame. Aijliffe. A withdrawing; a taking awav. Bacon. DETRA'CTIOUS* de-trak'-shus. a. Lessening the honour of a thing; dishonourable. Johnson. DETRACTIVE*, de-trak'-tlv. a. Having the power to take or draw away. Knight. Disposed to dero- gate. Bp. Morton. DETRACTOR*, de-trak'-tur. n. s. One that takes awav another's reputation. Sir T. Elyot. DETRACTORY, de-lrak'-tur-e. 557. a. Defama- torv ; derogatorv. Brown. DETRACTRES3, de-trak'-tres. n. s. A censorious woman. Addison. To DETRECT$*, de-trekt'. via. [detrecto, La.L] To refuse ; to decline. Fofherby. Ob. T. DETRECTATION* de-trek-ta'-sh&n. n.s. Are fusing- lo do a thing. Cockeram. Ob. T. DETRIMENT §, det'-tre-ment. n. s. [detrimmtnm, Lat.] Loss ; damage ; mischief. Hooker. DETRIMENTAL, det-tre-men'-tal. a. Mischievous ; harmful ; causing loss. Addison. DETRITION, de-lrlsh'-Qn. 507. n.s. [detritus, Lat.] The act of wearing away. Steevens. To DETRUDES, de-tr&od ? . v. a. [detrudo, Lat.] To thrust down ; to force into a lower place. Davies. ToDETRU'NCATEy, de-trung'-kate. v. a. [de- irnnco, Lat.] To lop; to cut. Cockeram. DETRUNCATION, det-rfing-ka'-shim. n. s. The act of loppinsror cutting. Biblioth. Bib. DETRU SION. de-tro&'-zhfin. n. s. [detrusio, Lat.] The act of thrusting or forcing down. Bp. Hall. DETURBATION, det-ur-ba'-shun. n. s. [deturbo, Lat.] Degradation. Diet. To DETU'RPATE* de-rur'-pate. w. a. [deturpo, Lai.lTo defile. Bp. Taylor. DEUCE, diise. n. s. [dates, old Fr.] Two. A word used for a card or die with two spots. Shakspeare. The devil. See Deuse. DEUSE, di'ise. n. s. [from Dusius. the name of a certain species of evil spirits.] The devil ; a lu- dicrous word. Confrere. DEUTERO'GAMIST*, du-ter-6g'-a-mlst. n,s. He who enters into a second marriage. Goldsmith. DEUTEROGAMY $, du-ter-6g'-a-me. 518. n.s. [Sivrcpoi and yd/jLos.] A second marriage. Gold- smith. DEUTERONOMY. du-ter-6n'-6-me. 518. n.s. [SivTcpos vo/jtog.] The second book of the law j the fifth book of Moses. Gray. DEUTERO'SCOPY,du-ter-6s'-k6-pe. n.s. [iivnpos and cio-iw.~\ The second intention ; the meaning bevond the literal sense. Brown. Ob. J. To DEVA'ST$* de-vast', v. a. [devasto, Lat.] To plunder,- to waste. Sandys. Ob. T. To DEVASTATE*, de-vas'-tate. v. a. To waste. DEVASTATION, dev-as-ta'-shfin. n.s. Waste; havock ; desolation. Bp. Hall. To DEVE'LOPE$, de-vel'-up. v. a. [developer, Fr.] To disengage; to disentangle; to clear from its covering. Pope. DEVE'LOPEMENT*, de-vel'-fip-ment. n. s. The act of minutely showing ; an exhibition. Dr. War- ton* DEVE'RGENCE, de-ver'-jense. n.s. [devergadia LatJ Declivitv ; declination. Diet. To DEVE'ST, de-vest', v. a. [devestio, Lat.] [More frequently divest.] To strip ; to deprive of clothes. Slutk. To annul ; to take away any thing good. Bacon. To free from any thing bad. Prior. DE VE'X §, de-veks'. a. [devexus, hat.] Bending down ; declivous. DEVE'X*, de-veks'. n.s. Devexity. May. DEVE'XITY, de-vek'-se-te. n.s. Incurvation down- wards ; declivity. Davies. To DE'VIATE §, de'-ve-ate. 542. v.n. [devier. Fr.] To wander from the right or common way. Dry- den. To go astray ; to err ; to sin. DEVIATION, de-ve-a'-shfin. n.s. The act of quit- ting the right way. Chenne. Variation from estab- lished rule. Holder. Offence ; obliquity of con- duct. Clarissa. DEVICE §, de-vlse'. n. s. [devise, Fr.] A contrivance ; a stratagem. Shak. A design ; a scheme formed. Hooker. The emblem on a shield ; the ensign ar- morial. Dry den. Invention; genius. Shak. A soectacle ; a show. Beaumont and Fletcher. DEVICEFUL* de-vlse'-ful. a. Full of costly spec- tacles. Spenser. Inventive; full of speculation. Spenser. DEVICEFULLY*, de-vlse'-ful-le. ad. In a manner curiously contrived. Donne. DE'VIL 6, dev'-vl. 159, 405. n. s. [biopul, Sax.] A fallen angel ; the tempter and spiritual enemy of mankind. Shak. A wicked manor woman. Shak. A ludicrous term for mischief. Granville. DE'VILING*,dev'-vl-mg.rc.s. A young devil. Beau- mont and Fletcher. DE'VILISH, dev'-vl-lsh. a. Partaking of the quali- ties of the devil ; diabolical. Sidney. Having communication with the devil. Shak. An epithet of abhorrence or contempt. Shak. Excessive : in a ludicrous sense. Addison. DE'VILISHLY, dev'-vl-lsh-le. ad. Diabolically. Burton. DE'VILISHNESS*, deV-vl-Jsh-nes. ?i.s. The qual- itv of the devil. Bale. DE'VILISM*. deV-vl-Izm. n.s. The slate of devils. Bp. Hall. To DE'VILIZE* dev'-vl-lze. v. a. To place among devils. Bp. Hall. DE'VILKIN, dev'-vl-kb. n. s. A little devil. Cla- rissa. DE'VILSHIP*, dev'-vl-shfp. n.s. The character of a devil. Cowley. DE'VIOUS, de'-ve-fis. 542. a. Uemys, Lat.] Out of the common track. Dry den. Wandering; roving; rambling. Tlwmson. Erring. Clarissa. To DEVI'RGINATE*, de-ver'-je-nate. v. a. [devir- gino, Lat.] To deflour; to deprive of virginity, ^Sandys. Ob. T. DEVFSABLE*, de-vl'-za-bl. a. Capable of being contrived, or invented. Sadler. Possible to be ex- cogitated. Barrow. That may be granted by will. Bl'ickstone. To DEVI'SE §, de-vlze'. 347, v. a. [deviser, Fr.] To contrive ; to form by art ; to invent. Spenser. To plan ; to scheme. Jeremiah. 7Y> DEVI'SE, de-vlze'. v.n. To consider; to con- trive. Spenser. DEVISE, de-vlze'. n. s. [devise, old Fr.] The act of givingor bequeathing by will. CoweL Contrivance [See Device.] Hooker. To DEVFSE, de-vlze', v, a. To grant by will. A law term. DEVISEE', dev-e-zee'. n. s. He to whom something is bequeathed by will. 283 DEV DIA O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel;— pine, pin;— DEVFSER, de-vl'-zfir. n. 5. A contriver ; an in- vented Brown. DEVFSOUR, de-vl'-zur. n.s. He that gives by will. DE'VITABLE$, dev'-e-ta-bl. a. [devitabilis,Laf] Possible to be avoided. Diet. DEVITA'TION, dev-e-uV-shun. n. s. Escaping or avoiding. Diet. DEVOCA'TION*, dev^-ka'-shun. n. s. [devocatio, Lat.] A calling away ', a seduction. Hallywell. DEVOID, de-vd'fd'. a. [vuide,Fr.] Empty j vacant ; void. Spe?iser. Without any thing ; free from ; in want of. Spenser. DEVOIR, de-vw6r'. n. s. [Fr.] Service. Knolles. Act of civility or obsequiousness. Spectator. To DEVOLVE $, de-volv'. v. a. [devolvo, Lat.] To roll down. Thomson. To move from one hand to another. Temple. To DEVOLVE, de-volv'. v.n. To roll down. To fall in succession into new hands. Decay of Piety. DEVOLUTION, dev-o-liV-shun. n.s. [devohilio, Lat.] The act of rolling down. Woodward. Re- moval successive from hand to hand. Hah. DEVORATION, dev-6-ra/-shun. n. s. [devoro, Lat.] The act of devouring. Diet. DEVO'TARY*, de-vi'-ta-re. n. s. One devoted to a particular worship ; a votary. Gregory. To DEVOTE §, de-v6te / . v. a. [devmeo, devotus, Lat.] To dedicate ; to consecrate ; to appropri- ate by vow. Lev. To addict ; as to a sect 01- study. Watts. To condemn; to resign to ill. Decay of Piety. To addict ; to give up to ill. Grew. To curse ; to execrate. Milton. DEVOTE, de-vote 7 , a. For devoted. Sir E. San- dys. DEVOTE*, d£-v6te'. n. s. One devoted to a partic- ular service. Sir E. Sandys. DEVOTEDNESS, de-vi'-tgd-nes. n. s. Consecra- tion ; addictedness. Boyle. DEVOTEE 7 , dev-v6-tee'. n. s. [devot, Fr.] One er- roneously or superstitiously religious; a bigot. Spectator. DEVOTEMENT*, de-v6te / -m^nt. n. s. The act of devoting. Hurd. DEVO'TER*, de-v6 / -tur. n.s. One devoted; wor- shipper. Sir Miles Sandys. DEVOTION §, de-v^-shun.rc.s. [devotio, LatJ The state of being consecrated or dedicated. Piety ; acts of religion ; devoutness. Dryden. An act of external worship. Hooker. Prayer ; expression of devotion. Spenser. An oblation devoted to chari- table or pious use. Communion Service. Devout- ness ; piety. Milton. An act of reverence, respect, or ceremony. Shak. Strong affection; ardent love. Shale. Earnestness; ardour; eagerness. Sliak. Disposal ; power ; state of dependence. Clarendon. DEVOTIONAL, de-v6'-shun-al. a. Pertaining to devotion ; religious. King Charles. DEVOTIONALIST,de-v6 y -shun-al-'ist. n.s. A man zealous without knowledge ; superstitiously devout. Coventnj. DEVOTIONIST*, de-v6'-shQn-lst. n. s. One who is only formally, or superstitiously, devout. Bp. Hall. DEVOTO*, de-v6'-t6. n. s. A devotee. Spenser, DEVOTOR*, de-vo'-tur. n. s. One who reverences or .worships. Beaumont. To t>EVO'UR§, de-vSur', v. a. [devoro, Lat.] To eat up ravenously. Genesis. To destroy or con- sume with rapidity and violence. Joel. To swal- low up. Shakspeare. To enjoy with avidity. Dry- den. DEVOU'RER, de-vou'-rar. 98. n. s. A consumer ; he that devours. Shakspeare. DEVOU'RINGLY*, de-vo&r'-ing-le, ad. In a con- suming manner. Huloet. DEVO'UT§, de-vSm'. a. [devotus, Lat.] Pious; re- ligious. Rogers. Filled with pious thoughts. Dry- den. Expressive of devotion or piety. Milton. DEVO'UT* de-vSut'. n. s. A devotee. Sheldon. DEVO'UTLESSNESS*, de-vSut'-les-ngs. n. s. Want of devotion. Bp. of Chichester. DEVO'UTLY, de-v&utMe. ad. Piously ; religiously Bacon. DEVO'UTNESS*, de-vdut'-n&s. n.s. Piety. Glan ville. To DEVO'W*, de-v6&'. v. a. [devoveo, Lat.] To give up ; to addict. B. Jonson. ToDEWS, du. v.a. [beapian, Sax.] To wet as with dew ; to moisten ; to bedew. Spenser. DEW, du. n.s. [beap, Sax.] The moisture upon the ground. Shakspeare. DE'WBENT*, du'-bent. part. a. Bent by dew. Thomson. DE / WBERRY, du'-ber-re. 71. s. Raspberry. Han mer. DE'WBESPRENT, du-be-sprent'. part. Sprinkled with dew. Milton. DE WDROP, du'-dr&p. n. s. A drop of dew which sparkles at sun-rise. Shakspeare. DEW-DROPPING*, du'-dr&p'-pfng. part. a. Wet- ting as with dew. Tliomson. DE W-IMPEARLED*, diV-lm-perld'. part. a. Cov- ered with dewdrops, which resemble pearls. Dray- ton. DE y WLAP§, du'-lap. n.s. [from lapping or licking the dew.] The flesh that hangs down from the throats of oxen. Addison. A hp flaccid with age. Shakspeare. DE WLAPT, duMapt. a. Furnished with dewlaps Shakspeare. DEW-WORM, diV-wurm. n. s. A worm found in dew. Walton. DE'WY, diV-e. a. Resembling dew ; partaking of dew. Milton. Moist with dew ; roscid. Spenser. DEXTER, deks'-ter. a. [Lat.] The right ; not the left. A term used in heraldry. Shakspeare. DEXTE'RITYS, dgks-teV-e-te. n.s. [dexter, Lat.] Readiness of limbs ; activity. Readiness of con- trivance ; quickness of expedient. Bacon. DE XTEROUS, dels'-ter-fis. a. Expert at any manual employment ; active ; ready. Pope. Ex- pert in management ; subtle. Locke. DEXTEROUSLY, d£ks'-ter-us-le. ad. Expertly ; skilfully; artfully. South. DE'XTEROUSNESS*, dgks'-tSr-us-nes. n.s. Skill. Howell. DE'XTRAL, d^ks'-tral. a. The right ; not the left Brown. DEXTRA'LITY, dSks-tral'-e-t^. n. s. The state of being on the right side. Broivn. DEY*, da. n. s. The title of the supreme governour of Algiers in Barbary, who is called bey at Tunis. DIABETES, dl-a-beMez. n.s. [Stafidnns-] A morbid copiousness of urine. Derham. DIABO LICAL, di-a-bol'-e-kal. ) a. [diabolus, Lat,] DIABO'LICK, dl-a-bol'-?k. 509. \ Devilish ; par- taking of the qualities of the devil ; impious ; atro- cious. Milton. DI ABO' LIC ALLY*, dl-a-bol'-e-kal-le. ad. In a devilish or nefarious manner. Sherwood. DIABO'LICALNESS*, dl-a-b&F-e-kal-nSs. n. s. The quality of a devil. Dr. Warton. DIA BOLISM*. dl-ab'-d-lfzm. n. s. The actions of the devil. Brown. Possession by the devil. War- burton. DIA'CIIYLON* dl-ak'-e-lon. n. s. [6id and X j\b s .'\ A mollifying plaster, made of juices. Burke. DIAC ODIUM, di-a-ko'-de-um. n. s. [6id and kw- <5aa.] The sirup of poppies. Johnson. DIAGONAL*, di-ak'-o-nal. a. [diaconus, Lat.] Of or belonging 1 to a deacon. Cotgrave. DIACO'USTICKS, dl-a-ko&'-stlks. n. s. [Covert *AL.dl-ag / -6-nal. n.s. A line drawn from angle to angle, and dividing a square into equal forts. Locke. A'GONALLY, dl-ag'-o-nal-e. ad. In a diagonal direction. Brown. DFAGRA3I, dl'-a-gram. n. s. [Sidypaujxa.] A deline- ation of geometrical figures. Dryden. DIAGRATHICAL* dU-graf-e-kal. a. [Sid and ypdd>u>.] Descriptive. Cockeram. DIAGRYDIATES, dl-a-grld'-e-ates. n. s. [diagry- dium, Lat.] Strong purgatives made with diagry- dium. Floyer. DFAL$, dl'-al. 88. n. s. [diale, Skinner.] A plate j marked with lines, where a hand or shadow shows ! the hour. Shakspeare. DIAL-PLATE, dl'-al-plate. n. s. That on which hours or lines are marked. Addison. DFALECTS, dKa-llkt. n. s. [SidXsKT^.] The subdi- vision of a language. Style ; manner of expression, j Hooker. Language ; speech. Shakspeare. DIALECTICAL, dl-a-lek'-te-kal. a. Logical ; ar- gumental. Boyle. Respecting dialects, or the sub- division of a language. Hodges. ' DIALECTFCIAN*, dU-lek-rish'-e-an. n. s. A lo- gician ; a reasoner. DlALF/CTICK^, dl-a-lek'-dk. n. s. [SiaXeKriKr,.] Logick ; the art of reasoning. DIALE'CTICK*, dl-a-lck'-dk. a. Argumental. Ellis. DFALIST, dl'-al-tfst. n.s. A constructor of dials. Moxon. DFALLING, dl'-al-llng. n.s. The sciaterick science 5 the knowledge of shadow ; the art of constructing dials. Bp. Berkeley. To DLVLOGISE §* dl-al'-o-jlze. v.n. [dialogiser, old Fr.] To discourse in dialogue. Fotherby" DIA'LOGISM*, dl-al'-O-jjfzm. n. s. A feigned speech between two or more. Fulke. DIA'LOGIST, dl-al'-lo-jlst. 11G. n. s. A speaker in a dialogue; a writer of dialogues. Barrow. DIALOGFSTICALLY*. dl-al-o-jfst'-e-kal-le. ad. In the manner of a dialogue. Bp. Richardson. DFALOGUE§. di'-a-log. 338. n.s. [6id\oyo S .] A| conference ; a conversation between two or more, i Slutksneare. . ■ — v To DFALOGUE, dl'-a-log. v. n. To discourse with another ; to confer, Shakspeare. DIALOGUE-WRITER*, dl'-a-l&g-rl'-t&r. n.s. One wno writes feigned^ conversations between two or more. Dr. Warton. DIALY'SIS, dl-al'-e-sk 116. n.s. [SidXvan.] The figure in rhetorick by which syllables or words are divided. DFAMANTINE* dl-l-man'-tln. a. [diamantin, old Fr.] Adamantine ; hard as a diamond. Sylvester. DIAMETER $, dl-am'-e-tfir. 116. n. s. [Sid and pi- rpov.] The line, which, passing through the centre of a circle, or other curvilinear figure, divides it into equal parts. Raleigh. DIAMETRAL, dl-am'-me-tral. a. Describing the diameter; relating to the diameter. Gregory. j Opposite. B. Jonson. DIA'METRALLY, dl-am'-me-trauV. ad. Accordin to the direction of a diameter ; in direct opposition. Harmar. DlAMF/TRlCAL,dl-a-met'-tre-kal. a. Describing a diameter. Observing the direction of a diame- ter. Government of the Tongue. DIAME'TRICALLY, di-a-meV-tre-kal-e. ad. In a diametrical direction. Clarendon. DIAMOND, di'-a-mund. [dl'-mfind, Sheridan and Jones.] n. s. [diamant, Fr.] The most valuable and hardest of all the gems; is, when pure, per- fectly clear and pellucid as the purest water. Hill. DIAMONDED*, dl'-a-mand-cd. a. In squares, like diamonds. Fuller. DFAPASE, dP-a-pa.se. n.s. [Sid itacuv.] A chord in- cluding all tones ; the diapason. Spenser. DFAPASM*, dl'-a-pazm. n. s. [SidKaffjAa.] A pow- der or perfume. B. Jonson. DIAPA'SON, dl-a-pa'-zon. n. s. A chord which in- cludes all tones ; an octave. Harris. DFAPER §, dl'-a-por. 98. n.s. [diapre,Fr.] Linen cloth woven in flowers, and other figures ; the finest spe- cies of figured iinen alter damask. Spenser. A napkin ; a towel. Shakspeane. To DFAPER, dl'-a-pur. v. a. To variegate ; to di- versify; to flower. Spenser. To draw flowers upon clothes. Peacham. DIA'PHANED* di-af -an-ecl.a. Transparent. Trans- lation of Boccalini. Ob. T. DIAPHANEITY, di-a-f a-ne'-e-te. n. s. Transpa- rency ; pellucidness. Ray. DIAPHA'NICK, dl-a-fan'-ik. 509. a. Transparent; pellucid. Raleigh. DIATHANOUSS, dUf-fa-nus. 518. a. [Sid and . a. To separate ; to divide. Bp. Hall. DICHOTOMY 6, dl-k&l'-o-me. n. s. [S^oTo^a.] Distribution of ideas bv pairs. Waits. DI'CKER of Leather, a. s. [diem, low Lat.] Ten hides. Dicker of iron, ten bars. To DFCTATE §, di'k'-tate. 91. v.a. [dido, Lat.] To deliver to another with authority ; to declare with confidence. Pope. DFCTATE, dik'-tate. 7i.s. Rule or maxim delivered with authority; prescription; prescript. Locke. DICTATION, dik-ta/-shun. n. s. Dictating or pre- scribing. Bp. Hall. DICTATOR, dik-ta'-tur. 521, 16G. n. s. A magis- trate of Rome, made in times of exigence and dis- tress, and invested with absolute authority. Waller, i One invested with absolute authority. Milton. One I whose credit or authority enables him to direct die j conduct or opinion of others. Locke. DICTATORIAL, dik-ta-to'-re-al. a. Authoritative \ confident; dogmatical; overbearing. Waits. DICTATORSHIP, dik-ti'-tur-shlp. n. s. The office of dictator. Wotton. Authority; insolent confi- dence. On/den. DICTATOR Y* f dlk'-ta-ttir-e. a. Overbearing ; dog- matical. Milton. DICTATURE, dik-uV-tshure. n.s. The office of a dictator. Diet. DLCTION, dlk'-shun. B. s. Style ; language ; ex- pression. Dm den. DICTIONARY, dfk'-shun-a-re. n. s. A book con- taining the words of any language in alphabetical order, with explanations of (heir meaning; a lexi- con; a vocabulary; a word-book. Brown. {£5= A few ye.-irs ago this word was universally pro- nounced as if written dixnarij. and a person would have been thought a pedant if lie had pronounced it according to its orthography ; but, such has been the taste for im- provement in speaking, that now a person would risk I the imputation of vulgarity, should he pronounce it j otherwise than it is written. W. DID, did. [bib, Sax.] The preterit of do. Shak. The sign of the preter-imperfect tense, or perfect. I Dry den. It is sometimes used emphatically; as, I did realty love him. DIDA'CT'iCAL. de-dak'-le-kal. ) a. Preceptive : DiDA'CTICK, de-dak' -tlk. 124. J giving precepts. Bp. Tan lor. D1DAPPER, did'-ap-pur. n. s. [from dip.] A bird that dives into the water. Beaumont and Fletcher. DIDASCA'LICK, did-as-kal'-lk. 125, 509. a. [<5«W- Ka\iKis.] Preceptive; didactick. Prior. To DIDDER, did'-dur. v. n. [diddern, Teut.] To quake with cold ; to shiver. Shencood. To DIDDLE*, dld'-dl. v.n. To totter; to move like a child, or an aged person. Quarles. DIDRACHM*. "dl'-dram. n. s. [Sis and SpaxM-] A piece of money ; the fourth part of an ounce of silver. Bp. Taylor. DIDST, didst. The second person of the preter tense of do. Dry den. DIDU'CTION, de-dok'-sh5n. n. s. [diductio, Lat.] Separation by withdrawing one part from the other. Boiile. To DIE$, dl. r. a. [bea£, or bean, Sax.] To tinge to colour ; to slain. Milton. DIE, dl. n.s. Colour; tincture. Shakspeare. To DIE §, di. t\ n. [beabian, Sax.] To lose life ; to expire; to pass into another state of existence Sidney. To perish by violence or disease. Dnj- den. To be punished with death. Shak. To be lost; to perish; to come to nothing. Shak. To sink ; to faint. 1 Sain. [In theology.] To perish everlastingly. Hakewill. To languish with pleasure or tenderness. Pope. To vanish. Shak. To lan- guish with affection. Taller. To wither, as a vegetable. St. John. To grow vapid, as liquor. DIE, dl. n. s. pi. dice, [de, Fr.] A small cube, marked on its faces with numbers lrom one to six, which gamesters throw in play. Shak. Hazard; chance. Spenser. Any cubick body. Watts. DIE, d\.n.s. pi. dies. The stampused in coinage. Suift. DI'ER, dl'-fir. 98. n. s. One who follows the' trade "of dyeing. Waller. DI'ET $, dl'-et. n.s. [diccla, Lat.] Food; provisions for the mouth ; victuals. Raleigh. Food regulated by the rules of medicine. Bacon. Allowance of provision. Jeremiah. To DI'ET, dl'-et. v. a. To feed by the rules of medi- cine. Spenser. To give food to. Shak. To board : to supply with diet. To DIET, dl'-et. v. n. To eat by rules of physick. To eat ; to feed. Milton. DI'ET, dl'-et. n. s. [a multitude, German.] An assem- bly of princes or estates. Raleigh, DIET-DRINK, dl'-et-drlnk. n. s. Medicated liquors. Locke. DI'ET ARY, dl'-et-a-re. a. Pertaining to the rules of diet. Diet. DI'ETARY*. dl'-et-a-re. n. s. A medicine of diet. Hnloet. DIETER, di'-et-ur. 98. n. s. One who prescribes rules for eating. Shakspeare. DIETETIC AL. di-e-tet'-e-kal. ) a. [SiairfriKt).] Re- DIETETICK, di-e-tet'-ik. ^ latingto diet; be- longing to the medicinal cautions about the use of food. Brown. DFETING* di'-et-?ng. n. s. The act of eating by rules. Milton.. DIFFARREA'TION*, dlf-far-e-a'-shun. n.s. [dis .». [differo, Lat.] To be distinguished from ; to have properties and quali- ties not the same with those of another. Bacon. To contend ; to be at variance. Bacon. To be of a contrary opinion. Burnet. To DPFFER*. dlf-fur. ». a. To make different Cowley. DIFFERENCE, dif'-fur-ense. 555. n. s. [differen- tia., Lat.] State of being distinct from something. Hooker. The quality by which one differs from another. Raleigli. The disproportion between one thing and another caused by the qualities of each. Shak. Dispute; debate. Shak. Distinction. Ad- dison. Point in question ; ground of controversy. Shak. A logical distinction. Baron. Evidences of distinction. Daries. Distinct kind. Brown. To DIFFERENCE, d?P-fur-ense. v. a. To cause a difference ; to mske one thing not the same as another. Bp. Hall. DIFFERENT, dlf-fur-ent. a. Distinct; not the same. Add-on. Of contrary qualities. Phillips. Unlike; dissimilar. Dryden. DIFFERENTIAL, dif-'fur-en'-shal. a. Differentiae method consists in descending from whole quanti- ties to their infinitely small differences, and compar- ing together these infinitely small differences, of what kind soever they he. Harris. DIFFERENTLY, dif'-fur-ent-le. a. In a different manner. Addison. DI'FFERINGLY, dlf'-fur-?ng-le. ad. In a differei: manner. Boyle. 2Sfi DIF DIG — 116, move, ndr, not ; — tube, tfib, bull; — oil; — pdund; — th'm, thi DIFFICILE cult ; hard l#, dif-fe-s?l. a. [dWicilis, Lat.] Difh- ; not easy. Sir 1 . Elyot. Scrupulous ; hard to be persuaded. Bacon. Little used. DI'FFICILENESS, dif-fe-sil-nes. n. s. Difficulty to be persuaded, Bacon. To DIFFICI'LITATE*, dlf-fe-sil'-e-tate. v. a. To make difficult. Cotgrave. DIFFICULT*, diP-ie-kftlt. a. Hard ; not easy : not facile. Zichariali. Troublesome} vexatious. Hard lo please ; peevish ; morose. To Dl'FFICULTAT E*. dir-fe-kftl-tate. v. a. [dif ftcuiter, Fr.] To render difficult ; to perplex. Cot- Df'FFICULTLY, dif-fe-kult-le. ad. Hardly 5 with difficulty. Rogers. DIFFICULTY, dlf-fe-kol-te. n. s. Hardness j con- trariety to easiness or facility. Rogers. That which is hard to accomplish. South. Distress; opposition. Dryden. Perplexity in affairs. Addison. Objec- tion ; cavil. Swift. 3r\DlFFI'DE$, dif-fide'. v.n. [diffido, Lat.] To distrust ; lo have no confidence in. More. DIFFIDENCE, dlf-fe-dense. n. s. Distrust; want of confidence. Bacon. Doubt; want of confidence in ourselves. Locke. DIFFIDENT, dif-fe-dSnt. a. Distrustful; doubting- others. Milton. Doubtful of an event; uncertain. Pope. Doubtful of himself; not confident. King Cluxr/es. Di FFIDENTLY*, di'P-fe-dent-le. ad. In a manner not presumptuous. Smart. To D1FFFND y, dff-ffad'. v. a. [dijindo, Lat.] To cleave in two ; to split. Diet. DEFINITIVE*, dJf-fln'-e-tlv. a. [dijfmio, difflni- tnm, Lat.] Determinate ; definitive. Sir H. Wot- ton. D1FFI SION, dlf-flsh'-un. [See Abscission.] n. s. [dijisio, Lat.] The act of cleaving- or splitting. Did. DIFFLA'TION, dff-fla'-shun. n. s. [diflare, Lat.] The act of scattering with a blast of wind. Diet. DFFFLUENCE, d?f -flu-ense. ) n. s. [diffluo, Lat.] DFFFLUENCY, diF-flu-en-se. \ The quality of fall- ing away on all sides ; the effect of fluidity. Brown. DIFFLUENT, dif-flu-ent. 518. a. Flowing every wav ; not consistent ; not fixed. DIFFORMy, dif'-form. a. [forma, Lat.] Contrary to uniform; dissimilar; unlike; irregular. New- ton. DIFFO'RMITY, dlf-fcV-me-te. n. s. Diversity of form ; irregularity. Brown. DIFFRA'NCHISEMENT, dlf-fran'-tshlz-ment. n. s. [franchise, Fr.] The act of taking away privi- leges, i To DIFFUSE §, dif-fiW. v. a. [difusus, Lat.] To pour out upon a plane, so that* the liquor may run every way. Burnet. To spread; to scatter. Spenser. DIFFUSE, dff-fiW. a. Scattered; widely spread. Copious; not concise. Dr. Warton. Difficult. Skelton. Tgj* This adjective is distinguished from the verb in the pronunciation of s, in the same manner as the noun use is from the verb to use, and abuse from to auuse, &c. 499. This analogy is very prevalent, and seems the reason that adjectives ending in sive have the 5 pure. 428. W. DIFFUSED, dff-fuzd'. 359. part. a. Wild; un- couth ; irregular. Shak. Extended at full length. Milton. DIFFU'SEDLY, dlf-nV-zed-le. 364. ad. Widely; dispersedlv. DIFFUSEDNESS, d?f-fiV-zgd-nes. 365. n. s. The state of being diffused. Sherwood. DIFFUSELY, dlf-fuse'-le. ad. Widely ; extensively. Copiously ; not concisely. DIFFUSER*, dlf-fu'-zor. n. s. One who disperses. Mannyngham. DIFFUSIBLE* dlf-fu'-ze-bl. a. Capable of being diffused. DIFFUSION, dif-fu'-zhan. n. s. Dispersion. Bacon. Copiousness ; exuberance of style. DIFFUSIVE, dif-fu'-slv. 428. a. Having the quality of scattering every way. Dryden. Scattered; dis- fersed. Bunwt. Extended. Tillotson. FFUSIVELY, dlf-fiV-siv-le. ad. Widely; exten- sively; everyway. Bentley. DIFFUSIVENESS, dif-fiV-sIv-nes. n.s. Extension; dispersion j the power of diffusing. Bp. Hall. Want of conciseness ; large compass of expression. Addison. To DIGy, dig. vi a. preter. dug, or digged; part, pass, dug, or digged, [bic, Sax.] To pierce with a spade. Ezekiel. ' To lorin by digging. Whitgift. To cultivate the ground by turning it with a spade. Temple. To pierce with a sharp point. Dryden. To gain by digging. Woodward. To DIG, dig. v. n. To work with a spade, in making holes or turning the ground. Job. To DIG up. v. a. To throw up that which is covered with earth. Shakspeare. DIGA'MMA*, de-gW-ma. 11. s. [Gr.] The letter F, so called because it resembles the Greek letter gamma, made double. Pope. DIGAMY, cuV-a-me. n. s. [foy&nia.] Second mar- riage. Sir T. Herbert. DIGA'STRICK* de-gas'-trlk. a. [Sis and yacrfyj Applied to a muscle of the lower jaw, as having, as it were, a double belly. Paley. DFGERENT, did'-je-r&nt. a. [digerens, Lat.] That which has the power of digesting, or causing - diges- tion. Diet. DFGEST, dl'-jest. 492. n. s. The pandect of the civil law, containing the opinions of the ancient lawyers. Bacon. To DIGEST §, de-jest'. 124. v. a. [digero, digeshim, Lat.] To distribute into various classes ; to range methodically. Mirror for Magistrates. To con- coct in the stomach. Shak. To soften by heat, as in a boiler. Bentley. To range methodically in the mind. Collect. To reduce to any plan, scheme, or method. Shak. To receive without loathing or repugnance. Shak. To receive and enjoy. Slmk. To dispose a wound to generate pus in order to a cure. To DIGEST, de-jSst'. v. n. To generate matter as a wound, and tend to a cure. DIGESTER, de-jes'-tur. n. s. He that digests. Ar- huthnot. A strong vessel or engine to boil bony substances, so as lo reduce them into a fluid state. Quincy. That whieh strengthens the concoctive power. Temple. DIGESTIBLE, de-jeV-te-bl. a. Capable of being digested. Bacon. DIGESTION, de-jeV-tshun. n. s. The act of digest ing. Shak. The preparation of matter by a chym ical heat. Bacon. Reduction to a plan ; the act of methodizing. Temple. The act of disposing, or the disposition of a wound to generate matter. Sharp. DIGESTIVE, de-jeV-tiv. a. Having the power to cause digestion. JBrottm. Capable try heat to soft- en and subdue. Hale. Methodizing ; adjusting. Dryden. DIGESTD7E, de-jeV-tiv. n. s.An application which disposes a wound to generate matter. Wiseman. DIGESTURE, de-jeV-tshure. n. s. Concoction. Harvey. DFGGABLE, dtg'-ga-bl. a. That may be digged. DFGGER, dTg'-gur. 98. n. s. One that opens the ground with a spade. Boyle. To DIGHTy, dlte. 393. v. a. [bihfcan, Sax.] To dress; to deck; to adorn. Spenser. To put on. Spenser. DFGIT, did'-jrt. n.s. [digitus, Lat.] The measure or length containing three-fourths of an inch. Boyle. The twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon Any of the numbers expressed by single figures ; any number to ten : so called from counting upon the fingers. Brown. DFGITAL*, dfd'-je-tal. a. Pertaining to a finger Bailey. DFGlTATED, dfd'-je-ta-teU a. Branched out into divisions like fingers. Brown. To DIGLA'DIATE*, de-gla'-de-ate. v. n. [dtgla- dior, Lat.l To fence ; to quarrel. Haks. J 287 DIL DIM O* 559.— File, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;— D/GLADIATION, di-gla-de-a'-sh&n. 125. n.s. A I combat with swords ; any quarrel or contest. B. I Jonson. DIGNIFIED, dlg'-ne-flde. 282. a. Invested with j some dignity. Ayliffe. DIGNIFICATION, dlg-ne-fe-ka'-sh&n. n.s. Exal- tation. Walton. To DFGNIFYS, dlg'-ne-fl. 183. t;. a. [dignus and facio, Lat.] To advance ; to prefer ; to exalt. To honour ; to adorn ; to gi\ e lustre to. Shakspeare. DIGNITARY, dlg'-ne-ta-re. n. s. A clergyman ad- vanced to some rank above that of a parochial priest, Sivi/t. DIGNITY, dlg'-ne-te. n.s. Rank of elevation. Hook- er. Grandeur of mien ; elevation of aspect. Cla- i-issa. Advancement ; preferment. SMk. [Among ecclesiasticks.] That promotion or preferment to which any jurisdiction is annexed. Ayliffe. Max- ims ; general principles. Brown. DIGNOTION, djg-no/-shun. n.s. [dignosco, Lat.] Distinction ; distinguishing mark. Brown. To DIGRE'SS §. de-gres'. 124. v. n. [digressus, Lat.] To turn aside out of the road. To depart from the main design of a discourse, or argument. Milton. To wander; to expatiate. Brereivood. To trans- gress ; to deviate. Shakspeare. DIGRESSION, de-gresh'-un. n. s. A passage devi- ating from the main design of a discourse. Sidney. Deviation. Brown. DIGRE'SSIONAL*, de-grcsh'-un-al. a. Deviating from the main purpose. Warton. DIGRESSIVE*, de-gres'-s?v. a. Expatiating. John- son. DIGRE'SSIVELY*, de-greV-slv-le. ad. In the way of digression. To DIJU'DICATE§*, dl-ja'-de-kate. v.a. [dijudico, Lat.] To determine by censure. Hales. DIJUDICATION, dl-ju-de-ka'-shun. 125. n.s. Ju- dicial distinction. Cockeram. DIKE §, dike. n. s. [bic, Sax.] A channel to receive water. Dryden. A mound to hinder inundations. Cowley. To DIKE*, dike. v. n. To work with a spade. Gower. To DILA'CERATE§, de-las'-se-rate. 124, v.a. \di- lacero, Lat.] To tear ; to rend ; to force in two. Brown. DILACERATION, de-las-se-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of rending in two. Pearson. To DILA'NIATE§, de-la'-ne-ate. 124. v. a. [dilanio, Lat.] To tear ; to rend in pieces. Howell. DILANIATION* de-la-ne-a'-shfin. n.s. A tearing in pieces. Bullokar. To DILAPIDATE §, de-lap'-e-date. v. n. [dilapido, Lat J To go to ruin ; to fall by decay. Johnson. To DILA'FIDATE*, de-lap'-e-date. v.a. To make desert; to consume wastefullv. H. Wharton. DILAPIDATION, de-lap-e-da'-shun. 124. n.s. The incumbent's suffering any edifices of his ecclesiasti- cal living to go to ruin or decay. Ayliffe. Ruin or decay in general t *06odman. DILA'PIDATOR*, de-lap'-e-da-tur. n.s. One who occasions dilapidation. H. Wharton. DILATABI'LITY, d6-la-ta-bll'-e-te. n. s. The quali ty of admitting extension. Ray. DILATABLE, de-la'-ta-bl. 405. a. Capable of ex- tension. Arbuthnot. DILATATION, dll-la-ta'-sh&n. 530. n.s. The act of extending into greater space. Holder. The state of being extended. Bacon. To DILATE $, de-Ike'. 124. v. a. [dilato, Lat.] To extend; to spread out; to enlarge. Spenser. To re- late at large ; to tell diffusely and copiously . Spenser. To DILATE, de-late'. v. n. To widen; to grow wide. Sandys. To speak largely and copiously. Walsall. DILATE*, de-late'. a. Extensive. B. Jonson. DILATER*, de-la'-tfir. 166. n. s. One who enlarges or extends. Sltetton. DILATION*, de-la'-sh&n. n. s. Delay. Bp. Hall. DILATOR, de-la'-t&r. n. s. That which widens or extends. Arbuthnot. DFLATORILY*, dil'-a-t&r-e-le. ad. In a sluggish or procrastinating manner. Johnson. DI'LATORINESS, dil'-la-tur-e-nes. n. s. Slowness, sluggishness. Moral State of England. Dl'LATORY§,dll'-a-tur-e. 512. [SeeDoxMESTicK.] a. [dilatorius, Lat.] Tardy ; slow ; given to procras- tination. Hayward. DILE'CTION, de-lek'-shfin. 124. n.s. [dilectio,hai.] The act of loving ; kindness. Martin. DILEMMA, dl-lem'-ma. 119. n.s. [toXtf/i/ia.] An ar- gument equally conclusive by contrary suppositions Bacon. A difficult or doubtful choice ; a vexatious alternative. Fuller. DILETTANTE*, dll-gt-uW-te. n.s. [plur. dilet tanli, Ital.J One who delights in cultivating or pro- moting science. Burke. DI'LIGENCE, du'-e-jense. n.s. Industry ; assiduity in business. 2 Tim. DILIGENT §, dll'-e-jent. a. [diligens, Lat.] Con- stant in application; assiduous; not idle. Proverbs. Constantly applied ; assiduous. Deuteronomy. DI'LIGENTLY, dll'-e-jent-le. ad. With assiduity ; with heed and perseverance ; not carelessly. Ba- con. DILL, dll. n. s. [bile, Sax.] An herb. Mortimer. DILU'CID§, de-lu'-sld. 124. a. [dilucidus, Lat.] Clear ; not opaque. Clear ; plain ; not obscure. To DILU'CIDATE, de-lu'-se-date. v. a. To make clear or plain ; to explain. Brown. DILUCIDATION, de-lu-se-da'-shun. n. s. The act of making clear. DILU'CIDLY*, de-lu'-sld-le. ad. Clearly ; evidently Bailey. DI'LUENT§, dll'-lu-ent. a. [diluens, Lat.~] Having the power to thin and attenuate other matter. DI'LUENT, dil'-lu-ent. n. s. That which thins other matter. Arbuthnot. To DILUTE §, de-lute'. 124. v. a. [diluo, Lat.] To make thin ; to attenuate by the admixture of other f>arts. Locke. To make weak. Newton. LUTE, de-lute', a. Thin ; attenuated ; figurative- ly, poor. More. DILU'TER, de-lu'-tfir. n. s. That which makes any thing else thin. Arbuthnot. DILUTION, de-lu'-shfin. n.s. Making any thing thin or weak. Arbuthnot. DILU'VIAN, de-lu'-ve-an. 124. a. Relating to the deluge. Burnet. roDILU'VIATE*,de-lu'-ve-ate. v.?i. [diluvio, Lat.] To run as a flood. Sir E. Sandys. DIM $, dim. a. [bim, Sax.] Not having a quick sight ; not seeing clearly. Dames. Dull of apprehension. Rogers. Not clearly seen ; obscure. Locke. Not luminous; somewhat dark. Spenser. To DIM, dim. v. a. To cloud ; to darken. Spenser. To make less bright; to obscure. Spenser. DIM-SIGHTED*, dlm'-sl'-teUa. Having weak eyes. Bp. Taylor. DI'MBLE*, dlm'-bl. n. s. A bower; a retreat; a cell.' B. Jonson; DIME'NSION §, de-men'-shfin. 124. n. s. [dimensio, Lat.] Space contained in any thjng; bulk ; extent ; capacity. Shakspeare. DIME'NSIONLESS, de-men'-shun-les. a. Without any definite bulk. Milton. DIME'NSITY*, de-men'-se-te. n. s. Extent ; capa- city. Howell. DIME'NSIVE, de-men'-s?v. a. That which marks the boundaries or outlines. Davies. DI'METER*, dlm'-e-t&r. [See Trigonal.] a. [Lat.] Having two poetical measures. Txjrwhitt. DIMICATION, dim-e-ka'-shun, Lat.] A battle ; contest. Diet. To DlMl'DIATES*, de-mld'-de-ate Lat.] To divide into two parts. Cockeram ID . [dimicatiOf a. [dimidiOf Halving ; DIMIDIATION, de-mid-de-a'-shun division into two equal parts. Diet. ToDIMFNISH$,de-min'-lsh. 124. v.a. {dimimw, Lat.] To make less. Locke. To impair ; to lessen y to degrade. Milton. To take any thing from that to which it belongs. Hayward. ftj" What has been observed of the e ending a syllable before the accent, is applicable to the i .- they are both exactly the same sound.— See Despatch. W. DIN DIP -116, move, nor, n6t;— li'ibe, tab, hull;— oil;— pound ;—//iin, THis. To DIMINISH, de-min'-ish. 124. v.n. To grow less ; to be impaired, Drydm. D1M1N1SHINGLY, d£-mhi'-ish-Ing-le. ad. In a ■Mutter tending lo vilifv, or lessen. Locke. DIMI'NUENT*, de-mlu'-nOrent. a. Lessening. Bp. Sanderson. Dl MINUTE*, dim'-e-nute. a. Small; diminutive. Sir A. Gorges. Dl MINUTELY*, dim'-e-nute-le. ad. In a maimer which lessens. Bp. Sanderson. DIMINU'TION, dim-me-nu/-shun. n.s. The act of making less. Hooker. The state of growing less. -\'tu/o>i. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. Phillips. Deprivation of dignity. K. Cluirles. [In architecture.] The contraction of the diameter of a column, as it ascends. DIMINUTIVE, de-mln'-nu-tiv. a. Small; little. Shakspeare. DIMINUTIVE, de-min'-nu-tiv. n.s. A word form- ed to express littleness ; as, manikin, a little man. Bacon. A small thing : a sense not in use. Sliak. That which diminishes. Burton. DIMINUTIVELY, de-min'-nu-tiv-le. ad,. In a di- minutive manner. DIM1NUTIVENESS, de-mm'-nu-tiv-nes. n. s. S.nallness ; littleness. Student. Dl MISH, dim'-ish. a. Somewhat dim. Swift. D1MLSSION*, de-mish'-un. n. s. [dimisslo, Lat.] Leave to depart. Huloet. DIMISSORY, dlm'-fs-sur-re. a. That by which a man is dismissed to another jurisdiction. Ayliffe. Granting leave to depart. Bp. Prideaux. §CF" I have followed Dr. Johnson's accentuation of this word, as more agreeable to analogy than Mr. Sheridan's. See Rhyming Dictionary, under this word. W. To DIMITY, de-mit'. v. a. [dimiUo, Lat.] To allow to go; also, to grant to farm. Huloet. DIMITY, dim'-e-te. n. s. A fine kind of fustian, or cloth of cotton. Wiseman. DIMLY, dim'-le. ad. Not with a quick sight, or clear perception. Milton. Not brightly ; not luminously. Bottle. Dl M'MING*, dim'-ming. n. s. Obscurity. Shak. DIMNESS, dfm'-nes. n.s. Dulness of sight. Bp. Patrick. Want of apprehension. Decay of Piety. DI'MPLE $, dim' -pi. 405. n. s. [dintlc, a little hole ; by a careless pronunciation, dimple.'] A small cavi tv or depression in the cheek, chin, or other part. Grew. To DI'MPLE, dim'-pl. v. n. To sink in small cavi- ties. Drvden. DIMPLED, dhn'-pld. 405. a. Set with dimples. Shak Dl MPLY, dlm'-ple. a. Full of dimples. Thomson. DIN §, din. n. s. [byn, SaxJ A loud noise ; a vio- lent and continued sound. Spenser. To DIN, din. b. a. To stun with noise. Otway. To impress with violent and continued noise. Swift. To DINES, dine. v. n. [diner, Fr.] To eat the chief meal about the middle of the day. Shakspeare. To DINE, dine. v. a. To give a dinner to. Dn/den. DINE'TICAL, de-neV-e-kal. 124. a. [SivrjriKos.] Whirling round ; vertiginous. Brown. To DING'S, ding. v. a. pret. and part, dinged and dung, [dingam, Gael.] To dash with violence. Marston. To impress with force. To DING, ding. v. n. To bluster; to" bounce ; to huff". A low word. Arbuthnot. DING DONG, ding-dong 7 , n.s. A word by which the sound of bells is imitated. Shakspeare. Dl'NGLE, ding'-gl. 405. n. s. [ben, or bin, Sax.] A hollow between hills; a dale. Drayton. DINGLE-DANGLE*, ding'-gl-dang'-gl. Any thing carelessly pendent. XVarton. DFNGINESS*, din'-je-nes. n. s. The quality bein? dingy or brownish. DINGY S*, din'-ie. a. [buni£, Sax.] Dark brown; dun ; dirty. Ellis. DINING-ROOM, dl'-ning-room. n.s. The room where entertainments are made. Bp. Taylor. DINNER, dhV-nar. 98. n. s. The chief meal ; the m^.il «?nten about the middle of the dav. Shak. 37 «| a. [dioptra, Lat.] Affording a me- dium for the sight; assisting DINNER-TIME, din'-nur-tlme. n. s. The time of dining. Shakspeare. DINTS, dint. n.s. [from ding, to strike.] A blow; a stroke. Spenser. The mark made by a blow ; the cavity remaining after a violent pressure. Dry- den. Violence; force; power. Shakspeare. To DINT, dint. v. a. To mark with a cavity by a blow. Spejiser. DINUMERA'TION, dl-uu-mer-a'-shun. 125. n. s. [dinumeratio, Lat.] The act of numbering out sin- glv. Bullokar. DiO'CESAN, dl-6s'-sc-san.HG. [di-os'-se-san, Sheri- dan, Pemj, and Jones: dl-6-se'-san, Bailey and Ash.] n. s. A bishop as he stands related to his own cler- gy or flock. South. DIOCESAN*, dl-6s'-se-san. a. Pertaining to a dio- cess. DI'OCESS S, or DFOCESE, dl'-o-ses. n.s. [dicecesis, Lat.] The circuit of every bishop's jurisdiction. Whitgift. A district or division of a country, gen- erally speaking. L. Addison. DIO'PTICAL*, di-6p'-te-kal. DIO'PTICK* dl-dp'-tik. DIO'PTRICAL S, di-dp'-tre-kal DIO'PTRICKS, dUp'-trik. 116. the sight in the view of distant objects. Boyle. DIO'PTRICKS, dl-6p'-tiiks. 509. n. s. A part of opticks, treating of the different refractions of the light passing through different mediums, as, the air, water, glasses, &c. Harris. DFORISM §*, dl'-o-rizm. n. s. [Sidpdapa.] Distinction, or definition. More. DIORFSTICALLY*, dl-d-rls'-te-kal-le. ad. In a dis- tinguishing manner. More. DIORTHO'SIS, dl-flr-*/i6'-sfe. 520. n. s. [tiopQwo-is.] A chirurgical operation, by which crooked or dis- torted members are restored to their primitive shape. Han-is. To DIP S, dip. t>. a. pret. dipped ; particip. dipped, or dipt, [bippan, Sax.] To immerge ; to put into any liquor. Ayliffe. To moisten ; to wet. Milton. To be engaged in any affair. Dry den. To engage as a pledge : generally used for the first mortgage. Dnjden. To DIP, dip. i\ n. To sink ; to immerge. L' Estrange. To enter ; to pierce. Granville. To enter slightly into any thing. Pope. To take that which comes first ; to choose by chance. Dryden. DIP*, dip. ?i. s. Depression ; the sinking or falling in of a surface. Pennant. The act of taking that which comes first. DIPCHFCK, dip'-tshik. n. s. The name of a bird. Careiv. DIPE TALOUS, dl-peV-a-lus. 119. a. [Sts and irira- \ov.~] Having two flower-leaves. DIPHTHONG, dip'-tfiong. 413. n. s. [iiQSovyos.] A coalition of two vowels to form one sound; as, vain, leaf, Ccesar. Holder. DI'PLOE, dip'-lo. n. s. The inner plate or lamina of the skull. DIPLO'MAS, de-pli'-ma. 124. n. s. [StoMpa.] A let- ter or writing conferring some privilege. Humph. Wanley. DIPLO'MACY* de-pl6'-ma-se. n.s. A privileged state. Burke. A body of envoys. Burke. DIPLOMA'TED*, dip-lo-ma'-ufd. part. a. Made by dipioma. Bp. Kennct. DIPLOMA'TICK*, dip-lo-mat'-ik. a. Relating to the art of deciphering all old written characters and abbreviations. Astle. Respecting envoys and am- bassadours. Burke. DI'PPER, dip'-pur. 98. n. s. One that, dips in the water. Whitlock. DFPPING Needle, dip'-ping-nee-dl. n.s. An in- strument which shows the inclination of the mag- net. DI'PSAS, dip'-sas. n. s. [Lat.] A serpent whose bite produces unquenchable thirst. Milton. DI'PTOTE, dip'-tote. n. s. [Sinrura.] A noun con- sisting of two cases only. Clark. DFPTYCH, dip'-tik. n. s. [diptycha, Lat.] A register of bishops and martyrs. Bp. Lloyd. 289 DIR DIS 0» 559.— File, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel j— pine, p?n ;- DIRE §, dire. a. [fa, Lat.] Dreadful ; dismal ; mournful ; horrible ; terrible. Shakspeare. DIRECT $, de-rgkt'. 124. a. [rfimrft«, Lat.] Straight, not crooked. Not oblique. Bentley. [In astrono- my.] Appearing to an eye on earth to move pro- gressively through the zodiack ; not retrograde. Dry den. Not collateral. Apparently tending to some end, as in a straight line. Sidney. Open ; not ambiguous. Bacon, Plain ; express. Locke. To DIRECTS, de-rgkf. 117. v. a. To aim or drive in a straight line. Pope. To point against as a mark. Dryden. To regulate ; to adjust. Ecclus. To pre- scribe certain measure. Job. To order; to command. DIRECTER, de-rgk'-tfir. n. s. One that directs ; one that prescribes. Sherwood. An instrument that serves to guide anv manual operation. DIRECTION, de-feV-shun. n. s. Aim at a certain point. Locke. Tendency of motion impressed by a certain impulse. Cheijne. Order ; command ; pre- scription. Hooker. Regularity ; adjustment. Pom. DIRECTIVE, de-rek'-uV. a. Having the power of direction. Hooker. Informing ; showing the way. Thomson. DIRECTLY. de-rektMc. ad. In a straight line ; rec- tilinearly. Dryden. Immediately ; apparently ; without circumlocution. Hooker. #£jr In this word we have an instance of a different pro- nunciation in the craphatical and colloquial use of it. If we wish to be very distinct or forceful, we frequent- ly pronounce the i long, as in dial ; but in common conversation we give this letter the sound of c, accord- ing to analogy. 117, 124. W. DIRECTNESS, de-rekt'-nes. n. s. Straightness ; tendency to any point. Bentley. DIRECTOR, de-rek'-tur. 166. n. s. One that has authority over others; a superintendent. Sidney. A. rule; an ordinance. Swift. An instruoteV. Hooker. One who is consulted in cases of con- science. Dryden. One appointed to transact the affairs of a trading company. Pom. An instru^ ment in surgery, by which the hand is guided in its operation. Sharp. DIRECTORIAL*, de-rek-to'-re-al. a. Giving di- rection. Guthrie. Respecting a government of France, called the directory. Burke. DIRECTORY, de-rek'-tflr-e. 512. n. s. The book published in the grand rebellion for the direction of certain acts of worship. Bp. Taylor. DIRECTORY*, de-rek-tur-e. n. s. A direction ; a guide. Whitlock. DIRECTORY*, de-rek'-tur-e. n. s. The name of the democratick French government in modern times. Burke. DIRECTORY*. de-rek'-tur-e. a. Guiding. Grego- ry. Commanding. Blackstone. DIRECTRESS*, de-reV-tres.n.s. She who directs or governs. Scott. DIRECTRIX*, de-rek'-trlks. n. s. She who man- ages or directs. Bp. Taylor. DFREFUL, dW-ful. a. Dire; dreadful; dismal. Spenser. DFREFULNESS*, dlre'-ftil-nfts. n.s. Dreadfulness : horrour. Dr. Warton. DIRE'MPTXON*, dl-rem'-shun. n.s. [diremptw, Lat.] Separation. Bp. Hall. DFRENESS, dW-ne's. n.s. Dismalness; horrour. Shakspeare. DIRECTION, dl-rep'-shun. 125. n.s. [direptio, Lat.] The act of plundering. DIRGE, durje. n. s. [dyrke, Teut.] A mournful dit- ty ; a song of lamentation. Shakspeare. DFRIGENT, dV-e-jent. a. [dirigens, Lat.] The dirigent line in geometry, is that along which the line describent is carried in the generation of any fisfure. Harris. DIR.K §, durk. n. s. A kind of dagger used in the Highlands of Scotland. Tickel. DIRKE*, dfirk. a. An old word for dark. Spenser. To DIRKE, durk. v. a. To darken; to obscure. Sp' nser. DIRT§, durt. 108. n.s. [Goth.] Excrement. Judges. Mud; filth; mire. Denham. Meanness ; sordidness. To DIRT, dArt. v. a. To foul ; to bemire. Swift. DIRT-PIE, d&rt-pK n. s. Forms moulded by chil- dren of clay, in imitation of pastry. Suckling. DIRTILY, durt'-e-le. ad. Nastily; foully; filthily. Ld. Chesterfield. Meanly; sordidly; shamefully. Donne. DFRTINESS, durt'-e-ngs. n.s. Nastiness; mean- ness ; sordidness. DFRTY, durt'-e. a. Foul ; nasty ; filthy. Shakspeare. Sullied; clouded; not elegant. Locke. Mean; base; despicable. Bp. Taylor. To DFRTY, dfirt'-e. v. a. To foul ; to soil. Arbuth- not. To disgrace ; to scandalize. DIRUTTIONS, di-rup'-shun. 125. n. s. [diruptio, Lat.] Bursting or breaking. DIS, dis, or diz. 425, 435. An inseparable particle, implying commonly a private or negative signifi- cation : as, to arm, to disarm ; to join, to disjoin. £tCr When the accent, either primary' or secondary, is on this inseparable preposition, the a is always sharp and hissing, 41 ; but when the accent is on the second syl- lable, the s will be either hissing or buzzing, according to the nature of the consecutive letter. That is, if a sharp mute, as, p, t, &c. succeed, the preceding 5 must be pronounced sharp and hissing, as dispose, distaste, &c. ; but if a flat mute, as b, d, (Sec, or a vowel or a liquid begin the next syllable, the foregoing s must be sound ed like z, as disburse, disdain, &c. ; but if the secondary accent be on this inseparable preposition, 523, as in dis- belief, &c, the s retains its pure hissing sound. Dis- mal, which seems to be an objection to the first part of this rule, is in reality a confirmation of it ; for the first syllable in this word is not a preposition, but a con- traction'of the Latin word dies ; and dismal is evident- ly derived from dies malus. For want of this clue, Mr. Sheridan has given the 5 pure to disgrace, disguise, &.c. W. DISABILITY, dis4-b?l'-e-te. 454. n.s. Want of power; weakness. Hooker. Want of qualifica- tions for any purpose ; legal impediment. Ayliffe. To DISABLES, diz-a'-bl. 454. v. a. [dis and able.) To deprive of force ; to weaken. Davies. To hin- der from action. Temple. To impair ; to diminish. SJiak. To deprive of usefulness. Shak. To ex- clude as wanting proper qualifications. Wotton. DISABLEMENT*, diz-a'-bl-ment. n.s. Legal im- pediment. Bacon. Weakness. South. To DISABU'SE.dls-a-biW. v. a. {desahuser, old Fr.] To set free from a mistake ; to set right. Hammond. To^ DISACCO'MMODATES*. dis-ak-k6m'-m6- date. v. a. [desaccommoder, old Fr.] To put to in- convenience. Warburton. DISACCOMMODA'TION, dls-ak-kom-nMS-da'- shfin. n. s. The state of being unfit or unprepared. Hale. To DISACCORD*, drs-ak-kdrd'. v. n. [desaccorder , old Fr.] To refuse consent. Spenser. To DISACCUSTOM, dis-ak-kus'-tum. v. a. \dis and accustom.] To destroy the force of habit. To DISACKNO'WLEDGE, dls-ak-n6lM6dje. v. a. Not to acknowledge. South. To DISACQUA'INTS*, dls-ak-kwant'. v. a. [desac- cointer, old Fr.] To break or dissolve acquaint- ance. Cotgrave. DIS ACQUAINTANCE, dls-ak-kwan'-tanse. n. s. Disuse of familiarity. South. To DISADO / RN*,dis-ad-d6rn / . v.a. [dis and adorn.] To deprive of ornament. Congreve. To DISADVANCES*, dfs-ad-vanse'. v. a. [desavan- cer, old Fr.] To stop ; to check. Spenser. To DISADVA'NCE*, dis-ad-vanse'. v.n. To keep back ; to halt. G. Fletcher. DISADVANTAGE $, dls-ad-van'-taje. 90. n. s. [des- avantage, old Fr.] Loss; injury to'interest. South Diminution of any thing desirable. Dryden. A state not prepared for defence. Spenser. To DISADVANTAGE, dls-ad-van'-taje, v a. To injure in interest of any kind. Decay of' Piety. DIS ADVANTAGE ABLE, dls-ad-viin'-ta-ja bl 405. a. Contrary to profit. Bacon. Ob. J. DISADVANTAGEOUS, dls-ad-van-ta'-jus. a. Con- trary to interest; contrary to convenience; unfa- vourable. Addison. DISADVANTA'GEOUSLY, d?s-ad-van-ta -j&s-ife 290 ■n DIS DIS — no, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tub, bull ;— oil ;— pound ;— tfiin, this. 3t/. In a manner contrary to interest or profit. Government of the Tongue. DISADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, dis-ad-van-ta'-jus- ne"s. n.s. Contrariety to profit; mischief; loss. Titers. D1SADVE NTURE S*, dis-ad-veV-tshiire. n.s. [des- adventit.-e. old Fr.] Misfortune. RateigH. DIS? AD VE'NTUROUS, dis-ad-ven'-tsluWus. ft. Un- happy; unprosperous. Spenser. ToDISAFFECTS, dis-af-fekt'. v.a. To fill with discontent. Clarendon. To diulike; to disdain. Bp. Ho.ll. To disorder. Hammond. DISAFFECTED, dis-af-fek'-ted. part. a. Not dis- posed to zeal or affection. Stillingfleet. DIS AFFECTEDLY, dfc-af-feV-teVHe. ad. After a disafl'ected manner. DISAFFECTEDNESS, dSs-af-fek'-ted-nes. n. s. The quality of being- disaffected. DISAFFECTION, d?s-af-fek'-shun. n.s. Dislike; ill-will. Bp. Taylor. Want of zeal for the govern- ment. Swift. Disorder ; bad constitution. Wise- man. DIS AFFECTION ATE*, d?s-af-fek'-shun-ate. a. [dis and affectionate.] Not disposed to affection or zeal. Blount. To DISAFFIRMS*, dis-af-ferm'. v.a. [dis and af- firm.] To contradict. Dairies. .DISAFFIRMANCE, dis-af-feV-manse. n.s. Con- futation; negation. Hale. To DISAFFO'REST, dls-af-for'-rest. v. a. [dis and forest.] To throw open to common purposes ; to reduce a forest to common ground. Bacon. To DISAGREE', dfs-a-gree'. v. n. [dis and agree.] To differ; not to be the same. Locke. To differ in opinion. Dryden. To be in a state of opposition. Brown. DISAGREE' ABLE, dis-a-gr&'-a-bl. a. Contrary; unsuitable. Broome. Unpleasing; offensive. Locke. DISAGREE ABLENESS, dls-a-gree'-a-bl-nes. n, s. Unsuitableness ; contrariety. Unpleasantness; of- fensiveness. South. DIS AGREE 7 ABLY* dis-a-gree'-a-ble. ad. Unsuita- bly. Unpleasantly. Bp. Berkeley. DISAGREEMENT, dls-a-gree'-ment. n. s. Differ- ence; dissimilitude. Woodward. Difference of opinion. Hooker. yoDISALLFEGE*, dfs-al-leej'. v.a. [dis and liege.] To alienate from allegiance. Milton. To DISALLOW, dls-al-lou'. v. a. [dis and allow.] To deny authority to any. Dryden. To consider as unlawful ; not to permit. Hooker. To censure by some posterior act. Swift. To censure ; not to justify. To DISALLO'W, dls-al-lSu'. v. n. To refuse per- mission ; not to grant. Hooker. DISALLO'WABLE, dls-al-lSu'-a-bl. a. Not allow- able ; not to be suffered. Raleigh. DISALLO'W ANCE, dis-al-lou'-anse. n. s. Prohibi- tion. Bp. Hall. To DISALLY'*, dls-al-U'. v. a. To make an im- roper alliance. Milton. fo DISA'NCHOR, dlz-angk'-kfir. 454. v. a. [des- ancrer, old Fr.l To drive a ship from its anchor. DISANGE'LICAL*, dls-an-j&'-e-kal. a. [dis and angelical.] Not angelical. Coventry. To DISANIMATES, d?z-an'-e-mate. 454,91. v.a. [desanimer, old Fr.] To deprive of life. To dis- courage ; to deject. Shakspeare. . DISANIMATION, dlz-an-e-ma'-shfln. n. s. Priva- tion of life. Brown. To DISANNULS, dfs-an-nul'. v.a. A barbarous word for to annul. Hooker. DISANNU'LLER*, dls-an-nul'-l&r. .it. s. One who makes null. Beaumont and Fletclwr. DISANNULLING*, dls-an-nul'-lfng. ri. s. The act of making void. Heb. To DISANO'INT*, d?s-an-n6?nt'. v.a. [dis and anoint.] To invalidate consecration by unction. Milton. To DISAPPA'REL*, dis-ap-par'-rel. v. a. [desapa- reiiler, old Fr.] To disrobe. Junius. To DISAPPEARS, dis-ap-pere'. v. n. [disparoitre, To\ Fr.] To be lost to view ; to vanish out of sight ; to fly ; to go away. Milton. DISAPPEARANCE*, dis-ap-pere'-anse. n. s. An end of appearance. Addison. DISAPPEARING*, d'is-ap-pere'-ing. n.s. Cessa- tion of appearance. Coventry. To DISAPPO 1NTS, dls-ap-pfl'ful'. v.a. [desa^oint- <■/•, old Fr.] To defeat of expectation; to balk. m. To " deprive or bereave of any thing'. Ti/lotsor Shakspeare. DISAPPOINTMENT, dis-ap-pornt'-ment. n.s. De feat of hopes ; miscarriage of expectations. Add* son. DISAPPROBATION, d'is-ap-prd-ba'-sh&n. n.s. Censure; condemnation. Pope. DISAPPROVAL*, d?s-ap-pr66'-val. n.s. Disap- probation. To DISAPPROVE S, d5s-ap-pr6ov'. v.a. [desap- prover, Fr.] To dislike ; to censure. Prior. To reject as disliked. Swift. Dl'SARD, diz'-ard. n. s. [byri, byfi£, Sax.] A prattler ; a boasting talker. Hoinilies. To DISA'RMS, dfz-arm'. 454. v. a. [desarmer, Fr.] To spoil or divest of arms. Clarendon. DISA'RMER*, diz-ar'-mur. n. s. One who deprives of arms. Hammond. DISARMING*, dk-ar'-mfng. n. s. Deprivation of arms. Hammond. To DISARRANGES* dls-ar-ranje'. v.a. [desar- ranger, old Fr.] To unsettle. Warton. DISARRANGEMENT*, d'is-ar-raiyV-ment. n. s. Disorder ; confusion. A. Baxter. To DISARRA'YS, dfs-ar-ra'.u.w. [desarroyer, old Fr.] To undress any one. Spenser. To discomfit ; to rout ; to overthrow. Milton. DISARRA'Y, difs-ar-ra'. n. s. Disorder ; confusion. Hayicard. Undress. Spenser. DISASSIDU'lTY, dls-as-se-diV-e-te. n. s. Absence of care or attention. Wotton. To DISASSOCIATE*, d?s-as-s6'-she-ate. v.a. [desassocier, old Fr.] To disunite. Fbrio. DISASTERS, dlz-as'-tCir. 454. n.s. [desaslre, Fr.] The blast or stroke of an unfavourable planet. Sliakspeare. Misfortune; grief; mishap; misery; calamity. Pope. To DISASTER, dlz-as'-tftr. v.a. To blast by the stroke of an unfavourable star. Sidney. To afflict ; to mischief. Shakspeare. DISASTROUS, dk-as'-tr&s. a. Unlucky. Hayward. Gloomy; threatening misfortune. Milton. Unhap- py; calamitous; miserable. Denham. DISASTROUSLY, dlz-as'-tras-le. ad. In a dismal manner. Howell. DISA'STROUSNESS, dlz-as'-lrus-ne^s. n. s. Un- luckiness. Diet. To DIS AUTHORIZE, dk-aw'-tfio-rlze. 454. v. a. [dis and authorize.] To deprive of credit or au- thority. Wotton. To DISAVO'UCH, d?s-a-vSutsh'. v. a. [dis and avouch.] To retract profession ; to disown. Daniel. To DISAVOW, dfs-a-v6iV. v. a. [desavoiier, old Fr.] To disown ; to deny knowledge of. Spenser. DISAVOWAL, dls-a-vSu'-al. n.s. Denial. Rick- ardson. DISAVO'WMENT, dfs-a-vSfi'-ment. n.s. Denial. Wotton. To DISBANDS, dfz-band'. 435. v.a. [desbander, old Fr.] To dismiss from military service ; to break up an army. Knolles. To dismiss from service. Woodward. To DISBAND, dk-band'. v. n. To retire from mili- tary service ; to separate ; to break up. Bacon. To be dissolved. Bp. Taylor. 'To Fr.l irk m To DISBARK, dlz-bark' land from a ship. Fairfax. To strip the bark from. [dis and bark of a tree.] Evehjn. DISBELI'EF, dls-be-leef. 425. n.s. Refusal of credit. Tillotson. 7'oDlSBELFEVES, d?s-be-leev'. v.a. [dis and be- lieve.] Not to credit ; not to hold true. Hammond. DISBELI'EVER, dls-be-lee'-v&r. n. s. One who re- fuses belief. Watts. 291 DIS DIS (IT 559.— File, f ar, fill, fat j— me, met 5 — pine, p?n ; — To DISBE'NCH, dlz-bentsh'. v. a. [dis and bench.] To drive from a seat. fShu/cspeare. To DISBLA'ME* diz-blame'. v. a, lerceptible. Government of the Tongue. SCERNIBLENESS, dlz-zer'-ne-bl-nes. n.s. Visibleness. DISCERNIBLY, diz-zeV-ne-ble. ad. Perceptibly ; apparently. Hammond. DISCERNING*, dlz-zer'-ning. n, s. The power of distinguishing. Shakspeare. DISCERNING, dlz-zeV-nlng, part. a. Judicious; knowing. Atterbury. DISCERNINGLY, dlz-zer'-nlng-le. ad. Judiciously. DISCERNMENT, dfz-zern'-ment. n. s. Judgement ; power of distinguishing. Freeholder, ToDISCERPS, dls-serp'.n.a. [discerpo, Lat.] To tear in pieces ; to break. Diet, To separate ; to select. Hurd. DISCERPIBLE, dls-serp'-e-bl. a. Separable. Bib- lioth. Bibl, Ox. DISCERPIBPLJTY*, dis-serp-e-bfl^e-te. n. s. Lia- bleness to be separated. Wollaston. DISCERPSION. See Discerption, DISCERPTIBLE*, dls-serp'-te-bl, a, Frangible; separable. Glanville. DISCERPTIBPLITY, dfs-serp-te-bll'-e-te. n. s. Liableness to, be destroyed by disunion of parts. D1SCERPTION, dls-seV-sh&n. n. s. The act of pulling to pieces. Bp, Hall. DISCESSION*, dls-sesh'-un. n.s. [discessio, Lat.] Departure. Bp. Hall. To DISCHARGER dfs-tsharje'. v. a. [descliarger, Fr.] To disburden; to exonerate. Dry den. To unload ; to disembark. Kings. To give vent to any thing ; to let fly. Shak. To unload a gun. Bacon. To clear a debt by payment. Shak. To send away a creditor by payment. Shak. To clear a debtor. Milton. To set free from obligation. Swift. To clear from an accusation. Hooker. To perform; to execute. Dry den. To put away; to obliterate. Bacon. To divest of any office or em- ployment. To dismiss; to release. Shakspeare. To emit. Wiseman. . To DISCHARGE, dis-tsharje'. v. n. To dismiss it- self; to break up. Bacon. DISCHARGE, dis-tsharie'. n.s. Vent; explosion; emission. Woodward. Matter vented. Shaty. Dis- ruption ; evanescence. Bacon. Dismission from an office. Release from an obligation or penalty. Mil- Ion. Absolution from a crime. South. Ransom ; price of ransom. Milton. Performance; execution. VEstrange. An acquittance from a debt. Ex- emption; privilege. Eccl. DISCHARGER, dls-tshar'-j&r. n.s. He that dis- charges in any manner. W. Mountagu. He that fires a gun. Brown. To DISCHURCH*, dls-tsh&rlsh'. v. a. [dis and church.] To deprive of the rank of a church. Bp. Hall. To DISCFDE*, d?s-slde'. v. a. [discidium, Lat.] To divide ; to cut in two. Spenser. DISCFNCT, dls-s?nkt'. a. [discinctus, Lat.] Ungird- ed; looselv dressed. Diet. To DISCFND, dls-smd'. v. a. [discindo, Lat.] To divide; to cut in pieces. Boyle. DISCFPLE §, dis-sl'-pl. 405. «. *. [discipidus, Lat.] A scholar; one that professes to receive instruc- tions from another. Hammond. To DISCFPLE, dls-si'-pl. v. a. To train ; to bring up. Shak. To punish ; to discipline. Spenser. DISCFPLELIKE*, dis-sl'-pl-llke. a. Becoming a disciple. Milton. D1SCFPLESHIP, dls-sl'-pl-shfp. n. s. The state or function of a disciple. Bp. Hall. DISCIPLINABLE, dV-se-plin-a-bl. a. Capable of instruction ; capable of improvement by discipline. DISCIPLFNABLENESS, dls'-se-ptfn-a-bl-nes. n.s. Capacity of instruction. Hale. DI SCIPLINANT*, dls'-se-plln-ant. n. s. One of a religious order, so called. Shelton. DISCIPLINARIAN, dfs-se-ptfn-a'-re-an. a. Per- taining to discipline. Glanville. DISCIPLINARIAN, d?s-se-pl?n-a'-r£-an. n. s. One who rules or teaches with great strictness. Fuller. A follower of the Presbyterian sect, so called from their clamour about discipline. Sanderson. DISCIPLINARY, dfs'-se-ptfn-a-re. 512. a. Pertain- ing to discipline. Bacon. Relating to government. Bp. Feme. Relating to a regular course of educa- ' tion. Milton. DISCIPLINE $, d?s'-se-pl?n. 150. n. s. [discipline), Lat.] Education ; instruction. Spenser. Rule of fovernment ; order. Hooker. Military regulation. jliak. A state of subjection. Rogers. Any thing taught ; art ; science. Wilkins. Punishment ; chastisement. Addison. External mortification. Bp. Taylor. To DISCIPLINE, c&V-se-ptfn. v. a. To educate. Locke. To regulate. Scott. To punish. Shak. To advance by instruction. Milton. To DISCLA'IM$, d?s-klame'. v. a. [dis and claim.] To disown; to deny any knowledge of; to re- nounce. Shakspeare. DISCLAIMER, dJs-kla'-mfir. 98. n.s. One that disclaims, disowns, or renounces. [In law.] A plea containing an express denial or refusal. Cowel. To DISCLOSE, dis-kl6ze'. v. a. [dis and close.] To uncover. Dryden. To hatch ; to open. Bacon. To reveal ; to tell. Ecclus. DISCLOSE*, d?s-kl6ze / . n. s. Discovery. Young. DISCLOSER, dis-kkV-zfir. n s. One that reveals or discovers. DISCLOSURE, d?s-kl6'-zhure. 452. n.s. Discov- ery. Bacon. Act of revealing any thing secret. Bac. 292 DIS DIS — n6, mdve, nor, n6t; — tube, t6b, bull; — oil; — p6findj — tlun, thjs. DISCLU'SION, dis-klu'-zhfin. n. s. [disclusus, Lat.] Emission. More. To DISCO' AST* d?s-k6st'. r. n. [dis and coast.] To wander; to depart from; to quit the coast. Borrow. DISCOLORATION, d?s-k6l-6-ra'-shun. n. s. [from disco/our.] The act of changing the colour. Change of colour; stain; dye. More. "<> DISCO LOUR $, dis To DISCOLOUR §, dls-kul'-lfir. v. a. [descoulourer, old Fr.] To change from the natural hue ; to stain. Shakspeare. DISCOLOURED* d?s-kfilMerd. a. Having various colours. Spenser. 7*0 DISCOMFIT}, dls-kam'-flt. v. a. [desconfire, Fr.] To defeat; to conquer; to vanquish. Shak. DISCOMFIT, d?s-kum 7 -fh. n.s. Defeat; rout overthrow. Shakspeare. DISCOMFITURE, d?s-kam'-fft-yure. n. s. Defeat Shakspeare. DISCO'MFORT $, d?s-kam'-f&rt. 166. n. s. [dicon- fort, old Fr.] Uneasiness; sorrow; melancholy. Hooker. To DISCOMFORT, dis-kam'-f&rt. v. a. To grieve ; lo sadden. Sidney. DISCOMFORT ABLE., dis-kam'-ffir-ta-bl. a. Mel anoholy, and refusing comfort. Shak. Causing sadness. Sidney. To DISCOMMEND $, dls-kdm-m&id'. v. a. [dis and commend. I To blame ; to censure. Hooker. DISCOMMENDABLE, dis-kom'-men-da-bl. [See Commendable.] a. Blamable; censurable. Sir T. Herbert. DISCOMMENDABLENESS,dis-kdm'-m&i-da-bl- nfe. n. s. Blamableness ; liableness to censure. Diet. DISCOMMENDATION, dls-kom-men-da'-shun. n.s. Blame; reproach. Hakewill. DISCOMMENDER, d?s-k6m-men'-dar. n. s. One that discommends. To DISCO'MMODATE $#, dfs-kSnv'-mo-date. v. a. [discommodo, Lat.] To molest. Sir H. Wotton. To DISCOMMODE, dis-kam-mode'. v. a. To put to inconvenience ; to molest. DISCOMMODIOUS, dis-k6m-m6 / -de-fis, or dls- kom-mo'-je-us. [See Cojimodious.] a. Incon- venient ; troublesome ; unpleasing. Spenser. DISCOMMODITY, dls-k6m-m6d'-e-te. n. s. Incon- venience ; disadvantage ; hurt ; mischief. Sir T. Ehjot. To DISCOMMON*, dfe-k&m'-mon. v. a. [dis and common.'] To deprive of the right of common. Bp. Hail. To deprive of the privileges of a place. Warton's Life of Bathurst. To DISCOMPLE'XION*, dls-kom-pleV-shan. v. a. [dis and complexion.] To change the hue or colour. Beaumont and Fletcher. ToDISCOMPOSE}, dk-k&m-poze'. v. a. [decom- poser, Fr.] To disorder ; to unsettle. Clarendon. To ruffle. Swift. To disturb the temper. Dryden. To offend ; to fret ; to vex. Svnfi. To displace ; to discard. Bacon. DECOMPOSITION*, dis-k6m-p6-zlsh / -a n . n. s. Inconsistency; disagreement. Donne. DISCOMPOSURE, dts-k&m-po'-zhure. n. s. Disor- der ; perturbation. Bp. Taylor. Disagreement of J parts. Boyle. To DISCOMPT*, dls-kSunt'. v. a. [descompter, Fr.] To pay back again. Hudibras. See Discount. To DISCONCERT, dls-kon-sert'. v. a. [dis and concert] To unsettle the mind; 4o discompose. Collier. To break a scheme ; to defeat a machina- tion. DISCONFORMITY, d!s-k&n-f6V-me-te. n.s. [dis and conformity.] Want of agreement ; inconsist- ency. Hakewul. DISCONGRUTTY, dfe-kdn-grA'-i-ti. n. s. [dis and congruiiy.] Disagreement; inconsistency. Hale. To DISCONNECT $*, dfs-k6u-nekt'. v. a. [dis and connect.] To break the ties. Burke. DISCONNEXION*, dis-k&n-nel'-shfin. n. s. Dis- union. Burke. To DISCONSENT*, dls-kdn-sent'. v. n. [dis and consent.] To disagree; to differ. Milton. DISCONSOLANCY*, dis-k6n'-s6-lan-se. n. s. Dis- consolateness. Barrow. DISCONSOLATE §, dis-kdn'-si-late. 91. a. [des- console', Fr.l Void of comfort ; hopeless ; sorrow- ful; melancholy. Shakspeare. DISCONSOLATELY, dis-k6n'-s6-late-le. ad. In a disconsolate manner ; comfortlessly. DISCONSOLATENESS, d?s-k6n r -s6-late-nes. n. s. The state of being disconsolate. Bp. Hall. DISCONSOLATION*, dls-k&n-sa-la'-shun. n. s. Want of comfort. Dr. Jackson. DISCONTENT}, d?s-k6n-tent'. n.s. [dis and con- tent.] Want of content ; uneasiness. Shak. One who is discontented. Shakspeare. DISCONTENT, d?s-k6n-tent / . a. Uneasy at the present state ; dissatisfied. Hayward. To DISCONTE'NT, d?s-kon-tent'. v. a. To dissat- isfy ; to make uneasy. Shakspeare. DISCONTENTED, dfs-kan-teV-t^d. part. a. Un- easy ; cheerless. Shakspeare. DISCONTENTEDLY*, dls-kon-teV-tgd-le. ad. In a discontented humour. Bp. Ricfiardson. DISCONTENTEDNESS,dlVk6n-teu'-ted-nes.».s. Uneasiness; dissatisfaction. Addison. DISCONTENTING*, dfs-k&n-tent'-ing. a. Giving no satisfaction ; disgusting. Milton. DISCONTENTMENT, dls-kon-tent'-mect. n. *. The state of being discontented. Hooker. DISCONTINUANCE, dis-kon-tin'-i-anse. ». s. Want of cohesion of parts; disruption. Bacon. Ces- sation ; intermission. Atterbury. DISCONTINUATION, d?s-k&n-t!n-a-i'-shfin. • n. s. Disruption of continuity ; breach of union of parts; separation. Newton. 7\> DISCONTINUES, dls-k&n-uV-a. v.n. [dis- continuer, Fr.] To lose the cohesion of parts. Bacon. To lose an established custom or right. Jer. To DISCONTINUE, dfe-kdn-tln'-A. r. a. To leave off; to cease any practice or habit. Shak. To break off; to interrupt. Holder. DISCONTINUER*, dis-kon-tin'-a-ar. n.s. One who discontinues a rule or custom. Commun. to Abp. Laud. DISCONTINUITY, d1s-kdn-t£-nft'-4-te. n. s. Dis- unity of parts. Newton. DISCONTINUOUS*, d?s-kon-l?n'-iVas. a. Wide ; extended ; gaping. Milton. DISCONVENIENCE }, dis-k3n-ve'-ne-e'nse. n.s. [disconrenience, old Fr.] Incongruity; disagree- ment. Bp. Bramhall. D1SCONVENIENT*, d?s-k6n-ve y -ne-&t. a. Op- f)osite ; incongruous. Bp. Retinoids. 'SCORD §, d?s'-k6rd. 492. '«. s. [discordia, Lat J Disagreement; opposition; mutual anger. Shak. Difference, or contrariety of qualities; particularly of sounds. Shak. A combination of disagreeing sounds. Bacon. ToDPSCORD, d?s-k6rd'. 492. t>. n. To disagree, Bacon. DISCORDANCE, dls-kor'-danse. / n. s. [from dis- DISCO'RDANCY, dls-kar'-dan-se. $ cord] Disa- greement ; opposition ; inconsistency. Warton. DISCORDANT, dis-kdr'-dant. a. Inconsistent; at variance with itself. Dryden. Opposite; contra- rious. Cheijne. Incongruous. Hale. DISCORDANTLY, dls-k6r'-dant-le. ad. Incon- sistently. In disagreement with another. Boi/le. Peevishly; in a contradictious manner. DISCO'RDFUL*, dis-kdrd'-ful. a. Quarrelsome; not Deaceable. Spenser. To DISCOUNSEL, dls-kSAn'-sel. v. a. [desconseil- ler, Fr.] To dissuade ; to give contrary advice. Spenser. DFSCOUNT^dV-kaant. 313,492. n.s. [dis and count.] The sum refunded in a bargain. Sicift. A deduction according to the rate of interest, for mo- ney advanced beforehand ; an allowance made ois a bill, or any other debt, not yet due, in order to receive money for the same. TV DISCOUNT, dfe-kofini'. v. a. To count back; DIS DIS O* 559.— Fate, fir, fill, fat;— me, met,— pine, p?n ;— to pay back again. Dryden. To pay beforehand ; deducting- an equivalent for so doing. To DISCOUNTENANCE §, d?s-kdun'-te-nanse. v. a. [dis and countenance] To discourage by cold treatment. Clarendon. To abash 3 to put to shame. Milton. DISCOUNTENANCE, dls-koiW-te-nanse. n. s. Cold treatment; unfavourable aspect. Clarendon. DISCOU'NTENANCER, dls-kdun'-te-nan-sfir. 98. n. s. One that discourages by cold treatment. Ba- con. DISCOUNTER*, dis-kSun'-tur. n. s. One who ad- vances money upon discount. Burke. To DISCOU'RAGE$, dfs-kiV-idje. 314. v. a. [dis and courage.] To depress; to deprive of confidence. K. diaries. To deter; to fright from any attempt. Numbers. DISCOURAGE*, dls-kur'-fdje. n. s. Want of courage. Sir T. Elyot. DISCOURAGER, dfs-kur'-rldje-ur. n. s. One that impresses diffidence and terrour. Pope. DISCOURAGEMENT, dls-kur'-rldje-ment. 90. n. s. The act of deterring or depressing hope. Determent. Wilkins. The cause of depression or DISCOURSE §, d?s-k6rse'. 318. n.s. [discursus, Lat.] The act of the understanding, by which it passes from premises to ' consequences. Hooker. Conversation; mutual intercourse of language. Bacon. Effusion of language ; speech. Locke. A treatise ; a dissertation. Locke. To DISCOURSE, dfs-korse'. v. n. To converse ; to talk ; to relate. Shakspeare. To treat upon in a solemn or set manner. Locke. To reason. Davies. To DISCOURSE, d?s-k6rse'. v. a. To treat of; to talk over ; to discuss. Shale. To utter. Shak. DISCOU'RSER, dis-kor'-sfir. n. s: A speaker ; an haranguer. Shak. A writer on any subject; a dissertator. Brown. DISCOURSING*, dls-k6r'-s?ng. n.s. Mutual in- tercourse of language. Bp. Taylor. DISCOU'RSIVE, dis-kor'-slv. d. Passing by inter- mediate steps from premises to consequences. Milton. Containing dialogue; interlocutory. Dry- den. Conversable. Life of A. Wood. DISCOURTEOUS, dls-kur'-tshfis. a. [dis ^cour- teous.] Uncivil; uncomplaisant. Beaumont, and Fletcher. DISCOURTEOUSLY, d?s-kur'-tsh&s-le. ad. Un- civilly; rudely. DISCOU'RTESY, d?s-kur'-te-se. n. s. [dis and cour- tesy.] Incivility ; rudeness. Sidney. DISCOU'RTSHIP*, dls-kirl'-shfp. n.s. Want of respect. B. Jonson. DISCOU'S, dV-k&s. a. [discus, Lat.] Broad; flat; wide. Quincy. To DISCOYER §, dls-k&v'-fir. v. a. [dis and cover.] To show ; to disclose ; to bring to light ; to make visible. To expose to view. Sidney. Not to shel- ter; to expose. Hosea. To make known; to re- veal. Isaiah. To ken; to espy. Acts. To find out. Pope. To detect; to find though concealed. Milton. To find things or places not known before. Sliahpeare. To exhibit to the view. Milton. D1SCOYERABLE, dls-kuv'-ur-a-bl. a. That which may be found out. Woodward. Apparent; ex- {>osed to view. Broiim. SCOYERER, dls-kuV-ur-ftr. n. s. One that finds any thing not known before. Holder. A scout ; one who is put to descry the posture or number of an enemy. Shakspeare. DISCOYER Y, dls-kfiv'-ftr-e. 555. n.s. The act of finding any thing hidden. Dryden. The act of re- vealing or disclosing any secret. Sliakspeare. DISCREDIT §, d's-kred'-It. n. s. [decrediter, Fr.] Ignominy ; reproach ; disgrace. Shakspeare. To DISCREDIT, dls-kred'-it. t\ a. To deprive of credibility. Shak. To disgrace; to make less repu- table. Sliahpeare. To distrust ; not to credit. DISCREDITABLE*, dls-kr&l'-it-a-bl. a. Dis- graceful ; reproachful. R. Blair. DISCREET §,dis-kreet'. a. [discret, Fr.] Prudent; circumspect; cautious. Whitgift. Modest 5 not forward. Thomson. DISCREETLY, dfs-kreet'-le. ad. Prudently 5 cau- tiously. Waller. DISCREETNESS, dls-kreet'-nes. n. s. Discretion DPSCREPANCE§,dV-kre-panse. n.s. [discrepan iia, Lat.] Difference ; contrariety. Ld. Digby. DISCREPANCY*, dls'-krc-pan-se. n. s. Difference Mountugu. j DISCREPANT, dV-kre-pant. a. Different ; disa I greeing. Sir T. Elyot. To DISCRETE §, dls-krete'. v. a. [discretus, Lat.] To separate; to discontinue. Brown. DISCRETE, dls-krete'. a. Distinct; disjoined. Hale. Disjunctive. Milton. — Discrete proportion is when the ratio between two pairs of numbers or quantities is the same; but there is net the same proportion between all the four : thus, 6 : 8 : : 3 : 4. Harris. §£f This word and its companion concrete, one would have supposed, should have the same accentuation in all our pronouncing dictionaries ; and yet scarcely any two words are more differently accented. The accent is placed on the last syllable of concrete by Dr. Ash, Buchanan, Perry, Entick, and Bailey ; and on the first by Sheridan, Dr. Johnson, Smith, W. Johnston, and Dr. Kenrick. Scott accents the last syllable of concrete when an adjective, and the first when a substantive : a distinction very agreeable to analogy, 494; but Entick, directly contrary to this analogy, reverses this order. Discrete is always used as an adjective, but has scarce- ly less diversity of accentuation than concrete. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Perry, and Entick, accent it on the last syllable; and Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan, and Bailey on the first. When I wrote the Rhyming Dictionary, I accented both these words on the first syllable; but this accentuation, I imagine, arose from contrasting them, which often places the accent on the opposing parts, as in in'lemal, and ez'ternal ; but, upon maturer consideration, I apprehend the accent ought to be placed on the first syllable of concrete, when a substantive, and on the last when an adjective. W. DISCRETION, dis-kresh'-Bn. 507. n. 5. Prudence ; knowledge to govern or direct one's self; wise management. Hooker. Liberty of acting at pleas- ure. Disjunction ; separation. Me.de. DISCRETIONAL*, dls-kresh'-un-al. a. Unlimited. Bp. Horsley. DISCRETIONALLY* dls-kresh'-fin-al-le. ad. At pleasure ; at choice. Nares. DISCRETIONARY, dfs-kresh'-un-ar-e. a. Left at large ; unlimited ; unrestrained. Ayliffe. DISCRETIVE, dls-kre'-tfv. a. [In logick.] Discre- tive propositions are such wherein various, and seemingly opposite judgements are made, whose variety or distinction is noted by the particles but, though, yet, &c; as, Travellers may change their climate, but not their temper. Watts. [In gram-" mar.] Discretive distinctions are such as imply opposition; as, Not a man, bid a beast. Gregory. Separate; distinct. Bullokar. DISCRETIVELY*, dis-kre'-tiv-le. ad. In a manner grammatically distinguishing. Bp. Richardson. D1SCRI MINABLE, dfe-krfm'-e-na-bl. a. Distin- guishable by outward marks or tokens. Diet. To DISCRIMINATE §, dls-krlm'-e-nale. v.a. [dis- crimino, Lat.] To mark with notes of difference ; to distinguish by certain tokens. Boyle. To select or separate ; to sever. Boyle. DISCRPMIN ATE* dls-krlm'-e-nate. a. Distinguish- ed by certain tokens. Bacon. DISCRPMINATELY*,d?s-krW-e-nate-le. ad. Dis- tinctly; minutely. Johnson. DISCRPMINATENESS, dis-krlm'-e-nate-nes. 9L n.s. Distinctness; marked difference. Diet. DISCRIMINATION, dis-krlm-e-na'-shfin. n. s. The state of being distinguished. Stilling Jleet. Distinc- tion ; difference put. Addison. The marks of dis- tinction. King Charles. DISCRIMINATIVE, dls-krlm'-e-na-tfv. 157. a. That which makes the mark of distinction ; charac- teristical. Woodward. That which observes dis- tinction. More. 294 DIS DIS -116, m&ve, n6r, n6t; — tube, tub, bull;— 611; — p6und; — thin, th'i DISCRI MINATIVELY*, dis-krW-e-na-tlv-lc. ad. In an observance of due distinction. Mede. DBJCRI'MINOUS, . a. [dis and to disperse. [deguiser, gospel] To differ from the precepts of the Gospel. Milton. DISGRACE^, dlz-grase'. 425. n.s. [disgrace, Fr.] State of being out of favour. State of ignominy ; dishonour ; state of shame. Shakspeare. Act of un- kindness. Sidney. Cause of shame. Baynard. To DISGRA'CE, diz-grase'. v. a. To bring a re- proaeh upon; to dishonour, as an agent. Hooker. To bring to shame, as a cause. To put out of fa vour. DISGRACEFUL, dlz-grase'-ful. a. Shameiul ; ig- nominious. Bp. Taylor. DISGRACEFULLY, d?z-grase'-ful-e. ad. In dis- grace ; with indignity ; ignominiously. B. Jonson. DISGRACEFULNESS, dfz-grase'-ful-nes. n.s. Ignominy. DISGRACER, dfc-gra'-sfir. 98. n.s. One that ex- poses to shame ; one that causes ignominy. Sir E. Sandys. DISGRACIOUS, dlz-gra'-shfis. a. cious.] Unpleasing. Shakspeare. To DISGR ADE* ; dlz-grade'. v. a. for degrade. To DPSGREGATE*, dis'-gre-gate. grex, gregis, Lat.] To separate More. roDISGUFSES, dfzg-ylze'. 92, 160. Fr.] To conceal by an unusual dress. Shalt. To hide by a counterfeit appearance. To disfigure : to change the form. Dryaen. To deform by liquor : a low term. Spectator. DISGUPSE, dizg-ylze'. 160. n. s. A dress contrived to conceal the person that wears it. Addison: A false appearance ; counterfeit show. Pope. Disor- der by drink. Sliakspeare. A mask, or interlude. B. Jonson. DISGUPSEMENT, d?zg-ylze'-ment. n, s. Dress of concealment. Sidney. DISGUPSER, dlzg-yl'-z&r. 160. n. s. One that puts on a disguise. Swift. One that conceals another by a disguise ; one that disfigures. Shakspeare. DISGUFSING* dlzg-yl'-zmg. n. s. Theatrical pastime ; frolick in masks ; mummery. Leland. The act of giving an appearance of truth to false- hood. Donne. DISGU / STS,diz-gust / .435. n.s. [degout, Fr.] Aver sion of the palate from any thing. Ill-humour ; malevolence ; offence conceived. Locke. To DISGU'ST, dlz-gust'. v. a. To raise aversion in the stomach ; to distaste. Dr. Holdsworth. To strike with dislike ; to offend. Atterbury. To pro- duce aversion. Swift. DISGUSTFUL, diz-gfist'-ful. a. Nauseous ; that which causes aversion. Spiritual Conquest. DISGUSTINGLY*, dlz-gfist'-Ing-le. ad. In a man- ner to disgust. Swinburne. DISH §, dish. n. s. [bi]-c, Sax.] A broad, wide vessel" in which food is served up at the table. Dry den. A deep, hollow vessel for liquid food. Milton. The meat served in a dish ; any particular kind of food. Sliakspeare. A kind of : tinners. Carew. To DISH, dish. v. a. To serve in a dish ; to send up to table. Shakspeare. DISH-CLOUT, dfsh'-klflut. n. s. [dish and cloid.] The cloth with which the maids rub their dishes Shakspeare. DISH-WASHER, dlsh'-w&sh-ur. n. s. The name of a bird. DISH-WATER*, dfsh'-waw-tur. n.s. The water in which dishes are washed. DISHABFLLEy, dSs-a-bil'. a. [desliabille', Fr.] Un- A kind of measure among the dressed ; loosely or negligently dressed. Dry den. DISHABPLLE, dis-a-b¥. n. s. Undress ;" loose dress. Guardian. To DISHABIT, dls-hab'-it. v. a. To throw out of place ; to drive from their habitation. Shakspeare. DISHARMONIOUS*, dls-har-m^ne-fls. a. Incon- gruous. Hallywell. DISHARMONY $, dfs-har'-mo-ne. n.s. [dis and harmony.] Contrariety to harmony. To DISHEARTEN, dfe-harMn. 130. v. a. [dis and 296 DIS DIS — no, move, n6r, n6t ; — tube, tub, bull ; — 611 ;— p6find ;— thm, THi hearten.'] To discourage ; to deject ; to terrify 5 to depress. Hooker. To DISHE'IR*, dlz-are'. v. a. [dis and heir.] To debar from inheritance. Dryden. DISHERISON, dis-her'-e-zn". 170. n.s. The act of debarring from inheritance 5 disheriting - . Bp. Hall. To DISHE R1T §, dls-heV-ll. v. a. [dis and inherit.'] To cut off from hereditary succession ; to debar from an inheritance. Spenser. DISHE- RITANCE*,dls-heV-e-tanse. n.s. The state of being cut off from inheritance. Beaumont and Fletcher. To DISHE' VEL, dlsh-sheV-vel. v. a. [decheveler, Fr.l To spread the hair disorderly. Spenser. To DISHEVEL*, dlsh-shev'-vel. v. n. To be spread without order. Sir T. Herbert. DI'SHING, dlsh'-lng. a. Concave: a cant term among artificers. Mortimer. DISHONEST $, dlz-on'-lst. 99. a. [dis and honest.] Void of probity ; void of faith 5 faithless; wicked ; fraudulent. South. Unchaste ; lewd. Sliak. Dis- graced ; dishonoured. Dryden. Disgraceful ; ig- nominious. Pope. DISHONESTLY, dlz-&n'-lst-le. ad. Without faith ; without probity ; faithlessly ; wickedly. Shale. Lewdly ; wantonly ; unchastely. Ecc. In a dis- honoured manner. Sir T. Ehjot. DISHONESTY, dlz-on'-nls-te. n. s. Want of probity ; faithlessness. Swift. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness. Shakspeare. DISHONOURS, dlz-on'-nur. n.s. [dis and honour.] Reproach; disgrace; ignominy. Sliak. Reproach uttered; censure. S'nakspeare." To DISHONOUR, dlz-on'-nur. v. a. To disgrace ; to bring shame upon. Sliak. To violate chastity. To treat with indignity. Dryden. To deprive of ornament. Dryden. DISHONOURABLE, dlz-on'-nur-a-bl. a. Shame- ful; reproachful; ignominious. Daniel. Being in a state of neglect or disesteem. Ecclus. DISHONOURABLY* dlz-&n'-nur-a-ble. ad. Ig- nominiously ; neglectedly. DISHONOURER, dlz-6n'-nur-ur. n. s. One that treats anolher with indignity. Milton. A violator of chastitv. To DISHORN, dls-horn'. v. a. [dis and horn.] To strip of horns. Shakspeare. DISHU'MOUR, dis-u'-mur. n. s. [dis and humour.] Peevishness ; ill humour ; uneasy state of mind. Spectator. DISIMPROVEMENT, dls-lm-prdov'-ment. n. s. [dis and improvement.'] Reduction from a better to a worse state ; the contrary to improvement. Norris. To DISINCARCERATE, dls-ln-kar'-se-rate. v. a. [dis and incarcerate.] To set at liberty; to free from prison. Harvey. DISINCLINATION, dls-ln-kle-na'-shun. n.s. Want of affection; slight; dislike. Guardian. To DISINCLINES, dls-ln-kllne'. v. a. [dis and in- cline.] To produce dislike to. Clarendon. DISINCLINED*, dls-ln-kllnd'. a. Averse ; not fa- vourablv disposed. Burke. DISINCORPORA'TION*, dls-ln-k6r- P 6-ra'-shun. n. s. [dis and incorporation.] Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporate body. War- ton. DISINGENU'ITY, dls-ln-je-nu'-e-te. n. s. Mean- ness of artifice ; unfairness. Clarendon. DISINGENUOUS §, dls-ln-jen'-u-us. a. [dis and ingenuous.] Unfair ; meanly artful ; viciously sub- tle ; sly ; cunning ; illiberal. Denham. DISINGENUOUSLY, dls-ln-jen'-u-us-le. ad. In a disingenuous manner. Warton. DISINGENUOUSNESS, dls-ln-jen'-u-us-nes. n. s. Mean subtlety ; unfairness ; low craft. Government of the Tongue. DISINHA'BITED*, dls-ln-hab'-lt-ed. a. Deprived of inhabitants. DISINHERISON, dls-ln-her'-e-zn. n. s. [from dis and inherit.] The act of cutting off from any heredi- tary succession; the act of disinheriting. Bacon. 33 The state of being cut off from an hereditary right. Bp. Taylor. To DISINHERIT, dls-ln-heV-?t.r. a. To cut off from an hereditary right ; to deprive of an inheritance Dames. To DISINTE'RS, dls-ln-ter'. v. a. [from dis and infer.] To unbury ; to take as out of the grave. Addison. DISINTERESSED, dlz-m'-ter-es-sed. a. [dis and interesse, Fr.] Void of regard to private advantage ; impartial. Dryden. DISINTERESSMENT, dlz-ln'-ter-gs-ment. n. s. Disregard to private advantage ; disinterestedness Prior. DISINTEREST §, dlz-ln'-ter-est. n.s. [dis and in terest.] What is contrary to one's wish or prosperi ty. More. Indifference to profit ; superiority to regards of private advantage. To DISINTEREST*, dlz-ln'-ter-est. v. a. To ren- der superiour to private advantage. Feltham. DISINTERESTED, dlz-ra'-ter-es,-ted. a. Superiour to regard of private advantage. Swift. Without any concern in an affair ; without fear or hope. DISINTERESTEDLY, diz-ln'-ter-es-ted-le. ad. In a disinterested manner. DISINTERESTEDNESS, dlz-ln'-ter-cs-ted-nes. n. s. Contempt of private interest. Brown. DISINTERESTING*, dlz-ln'-ter-^st-lng. a. Want- ing interest or the power of affecting. Warburton. DISINTERMENT*, dis-in-ter'-ment. n. s. The act of unburying, or removing out of the grave. To DISlNTRICATE, dlz-ln'-tre-kate. v. a. [dis and intricate.] To disentangle. Diet. To DISINU'RE*, dls-ln-yure'. v. a. [dis and inure.] To deprive of practice, habit, or custom. Milton. ' DISINVALl'DITY*, dlz-ln-va-lld'-e-te. n. s. [dis and invalidity.'] Wa-nt of validity. Mountain. To DISINVI'TE, dls-ln-vlte'. in: a. [dis anart from another ; divarication. Wotton. STE'RMINATE$*, dls-uV-me-nate. a. [dister- minatus, Lat.l Divided ; separated by bounds. Bp. Hall. ^ DETERMINATION*, dls-ter-me-na'-shfin. n. s. Division ; separation. Hammond. To DISTE'R*, dls-ter'. v. a. [dis and terra, Lat.] To banish from a country. Howell. To DISTHRONIZE, d?s-^r6 / -nlze. v. a. [desthro- ner, old Fr.] To dethrone. Speriser. DFSTICH, dW-iik. 353. n.s. [distichm, Lat.] A couplet ; a couple of lines. Camden. To DISTIL $, dls-tfP. v. n. [distillo, Lat.] To drop; to fall by drops. Deut. To flow gently and silent ly. Raleigh. To use a still 3 to practise the act of distillation. Shakspeare. To DISTIL, dls-tll'. v. a. To let fall in drops. Job. To force by fire through the vessels of distillation, To draw by distillation. Boyle. To dissolve or melt. Addison. DISTFLLABLE* dfs-til'-la-bl. a. Fit to be distilled. Sherwood. DISTILLATION, dls-tfl-la/-sh3n. n. s. Dropping-, or falling in drops. Pouring out in drops. That which falls in drops. The act of distilling by fire. Newton. The substance drawn by the still. Shak, DISTILLATORY, dis-tll'-la-tur-e. 512. a. Beiongr- ingto distillation. Boyle. DISTILLER, dls-dlMftr. n. s. One who practises the art of distilling. Boyle. One who makes and sells pernicious and inflammatory spirits. DISTILLERY*, dis-tH'-le-re. n.s. The art of distill- ling spirits. The place where the distiller exposes his spirits for sale. DISTFLMENT, dis-t?l'-ment. n.s. That which is drawn by distillation. Shakspeare. DISTINCT $, dis-tlngkt'. 408. a. [distinct™, Lat.. Different 3 not the same in number or kind. Stit ling fleet. Different 3 separate. Clarendon. Clear j unconfused. Milton. Spotted 3 variegated. Milton. Marked out 3 specified. Milton. To DISTINCT*, dis-tiiigkt'. v. a. To distinguish. Chaucer. Ob. T. DISTINCTION, dls-tfngk'-shun. n. s. ,The act of discerning one as preferable to the other. Shuk. Note of difference. Abp. Newcome. Honourable ' note of superiority. 'Shenstone. That by which one differs from another. Locke. Difference re- garded ; preference or neglect in comparison. Dry- den. Separation of complex notions. Shak. Di- vision into different parts. Dryden. Discrimina* tion. Hooker. Discernment; judgement Beau- mont and Fletclier. 303 DIS DIS 0*559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;— DISTINCTIVE, dfs-tmgk'-t?v.a. That which marks | distinction or difference. Pope. Having the power j to distinguish and discern. Brawn. DISTINCTIVELY, dis-tingk'-tfv-le. ad. Particular- ly ; not confusedly. Mirror for Magistrates. DISTINCTLY, dls-tingkt'-le. ad. Not confusedly. Bacon. Plainly ; clearly. Dryden. DISTINCTNESS, dls-tlngkt'-ngs. n. s. Nice obser- vation of the difference between different things. Ray. Such separation of things as makes them easy to be separately observed. Dr. Warton. To DISTINGUISH §, dls-ting'-gwlsh. 340. v. a. [distinguo, Lat.] To note by the diversity of things. Hooker. To separate by some mark of honour or preference. Dryden. To divide by proper notes of diversity. Burnet. To know one from another by any note of difference. Shak. To discern criti- cally; to judge. Sliak. To constitute difference ; to specificate. Locke. To make known or emi- nent. To DISTINGUISH, dJs-tlng'-gwlsh. v. n. To make distinction. Child. DISTINGUISHABLE, d?s-tlng'-gw?sh-a-bl. a. Ca- pable of being distinguished. MUton. Worthy of note; worthyof regard. Swift. DISTINGUISHED, dls-ting'-gwisht. 359. part. a. Eminent; transcendent; extraordinary. Rogers. DISTINGUISHED dls-tfng'-gwlsh-Sr. n.s. A ju- dicious observer ; one that accurately discerns one thing from another. Dryden. He that separates one thing from another by marks of diversity. Brown. DISTINGUISHINGLY, dls-tlng-gw?sh-ing-le. ad. With distinction. Hammond. DISTINGUISHMENT, dls-tmg'-gwfsh-ment. n.s. Distinction; observation of difference. Shakspeare. Tg DISTFTLE* dfe-tl'-tl. v. a. [dis and title.] To deprive of right. B. Jonson. To DISTORT §, dls-tort'. v. a. [distortus, Lat.] To writhe ; to twist ; to deform by irregular motions. Swift. To put out of the true direction or posture. Milton. To wrest from the true meaning. Pea- cham. DISTORT* dls-tort'. a. Distorted. Spenser. DISTORTION, d?s-t6r / -sh6n. n. s. Irregular motion by which the face is writhed, or the parts disorder- ed. Prior. A wresting from the true meaning. Bp. Wren. ToDISTRA 7 CT§, dls-trakf. v. a. part. pass, dis- tracted ; anciently, distrauglit. [distractus, Lat.] To pull different ways at once. Brown. To separate ; to divide. Shak. To turn from a single direction towards various points. South. To fill the mind with contrary considerations ; to perplex ; to con- found. Spenser. To make mad. Shakspeare. DISTRA'CT*, d?s-trakt'. part. a. Mad. Drayton. DISTRACTEDLY, dls-trak'-ted-le-.V ad. Madly; frantickly. Shakspeare. DISTRA'CTEDNESS, dis-trak'-ted-nes. n.s. Mad- ness. Bp. Hall. DISTRA'OTER*, d?s-trak'-tur. n.s. That which draws aside, or perplexes. More. DISTRACTION, dis-trak'-shfin. n.s. Tendency to different parts ; separation. Shak. Confusion ; state in which the attention is called different ways. 1 Corinthians. Perturbation of mind. Brown. Madness. Shak. Disturbance; discord; difference of sentiments. Clarendon. DISTRA'CTIVE, dls-trak'-tiv. a. Causing perplexi- ty. Bp. Hall. To DISTRARV'R dls-trane'. v. a. [destraindre, Fr.] To seize ; to lay hold on as an indemnification for a debt. Slutkspeare. To rend ; to tear. Spenser. To DISTRAIN, dls-trane'. v. n. To make seizure. Camden. DISTRATNER, dls-tra'-nfir. 98. n.s. He that seizes. DISTRAINT, dls-trant'. n. s. Seizure. Diet. DISTRAUGHT, d?s-trawt'. part. a. Distracted. Camden. See To Distract. To DISTREA'M*, dls-treem'. v. n. To flow. Shen- stone. DISTRESS §, dls-treV. n. s. [destresse, Fr.] The act of making a legal seizure. Spenser. A compul- sion, by which a man is assured to appear in court, or to pay a debt. Cowel. The thing seized by law. Calamity; misery; misfortune. Luke. To DISTRESS, dls-treV. v. a. To prosecute bylaw to a seizure. To harass ; to make miserable. Deut. DISTRESSEDNESS*, dis-treV-sed-nes. n. s. The state of being distressed. Scott. DISTRESSFUL, d?s-tres'-f&l. a. Miserable ; full of trouble. Shak. Attended with poverty. Shak. DISTRESSFULLY*, d?s-lres'-ful-le. ad. In a mis- erable manner. Johnson. DISTRESSING*, dls-treV-smg. a. Harassing ; af- flicting. Ash. To DISTRIBUTER dis-trlb'-ute. v. a. [distribuo, Lat.] To divide amongst more than two ; to deal out. Spenser. DiSTRFBUTER, d?s-triiy-u-t&r. n.s. One who deals out any thing. More. DISTRIBUTION, dls-tre-bu'-shfin. n.s. The act of dealing out to others ; dispensation. Bacon. Act of giving in charity. Atterbury. DISTRIBUTIVE, dis-truy-u-tfv. a. That which is employed in assigning to others their portions ; that which allots to each his claim. Sir T. Elyot. That which assigns the various species of a gen- eral term. Mede. DISTRFBUTIVELY, dls-trnV-u-tlv-le. ad. By dis- tribution. Singly ; particularly. Hooker. DISTRFBUTIVENESS*, dis-trib'-u-tlv-nes. n. s. Desire of distributing. Fell. DISTRICT, dSs'-trlkt. n. s. [districts, Lat.] The circuit or territory within which a man may be compelled to appearance. Cowel. Circuit of au- thority ; province. Addison. Region ; country ; territory. Blackmore. DISTRFCTION, dls-trlk'-shmi. n. s. Sudden dis- play. Collier. To DISTRUST §, dls-trfist'. v. a. [dis and trust.] To regard with diffidence ; not to trust. Wisdom. DISTRUST, dis-trftst'. n. s. Discredit ; lossof credit. Milton. Suspicion ; want of faith ; want of confi- dence in another. Diijden. DISTRUSTFUL, dls-trusf-f&l. a. Apt to distrust ; suspicious. Beaumont and Fletcher. Not confident ; diffident. Raleigh. Diffident of himself ; modest; timorous. Pope. DISTRUSTFULLY, dls-trust'-ful-le. ad. In a dis- trustful manner. Herbert. DISTRUSTFULNESS, dis-trfist'-fal-nes. n. s. Want of confidence. Knight. DISTRUSTING*, dis-trust"-mg. n.s. Want of con fidenee. Bp. Taylor. DISTRUSTLESS* dis-tr&st'-les. a. Without sus- picion or distrust. Shenstone. To DISTUNE*, dls-time'. v. a. [dis and tune.] To- disorder ; to untune. Sir H Wotton. To DISTURB §, dls-tfirb'. v. a. [disturbo, low Lat.] To perplex; to disquiet; to deprive of tranquillity Collier. To confound. To interrupt; to hinder. To turn off from any direction. Milton. DISTURB, dis-t&rb'. n. s. Confusion ; tumultuary emotion. Milton.. DISTURBANCE, dis-tfir'-banse. n.s. Perplexity; interruption of a settled state. Locke. Confusion ; disorder of thoughts. Watts. Tumult ; violation of peace. Milton. DISTURBER, d?s-tar / -bfir. n.s. A violator of peace ; he that causes tumults and publick disor- ders. Hooker. He that injures tranquillity; he that causes perturbation of mind. Shakspeare. To DISTURN, dls-torn'. v. a. [dis and turn.] To turn off; to turn aside. Daniel. Ob. J. DISUNIFORM* dfs-u'-ne-form. a. [dis and uni- form.] Not uniform. Coventry. DISUNION, dls-u / -ne-&n.rc.s. [dis and union.] Sep- aration ; disjunction. Glanville. Breach of concord. OCT Some curious inspector may, perhaps, wonder why I have given disunion, disuse, ice. the pure s, and not the z, since I have laid it down as a general rule, under the prepositive particle dis, that the *' immediately before the accent, when a vowel begins the next syllable, ia 304 ^KM — DIU DTV — n6, move, n6r, not ;— tftbc, mb, bull ;— oil ;— p6und ;— rViin, THi always flat ; but it must be remembered, that long u in these words is not a pure vowel, 8 ; not that I think the i, in this case, would be palpably wrong; for, though long u may be called a semi-consonant, it is sufficiently vocal to make the s, or i, sound, in these words, perfect- ly indifferent— See Dis. W. To DISUNITED dls-u-nlte'. v. a. [dis and unit,-.] To separate ; to divide. Pope. To part friends or allies. To DISUNITE, dis-u-nke'. v.n. To fall asunder ; to become separate. South. DISUNITER*. dJs-u-nl'-tor. n. s. The person or cause that breaks concord. Johnson. DISUNITY, d?s-u'-ne-te. n.s. A stale of actual separation. More. DISU'SAGE, dls-iY-zaje. 90. n.s. [desusage, old Fr.] The gradual cessation of use or custom. Hooker. DISU SE§, dis-use'. 437. n. s. [dis and use.] Cessa- tion of use; desuetude. Addison. Cessation of custom. Arbuthnot. To DISU'SE, dls-uze'. v. a. To cease to make use of. Dry den. To disaccustom. Donne. DIS VALUATION, diz-val-u-a'-shun. n. s. Dis- grace ; diminution of reputation. Bacon. To D1SVA'LUE$, diz-val'-u. v. a. [dis and value.) To undervalue. Shakspeare. DISYA'LUE*, diz-val'-u. n.s. Disregard; disgrace. B. Jonson. To DISVE'LOPE, dis-vel -up. v. a. [developer, Fr.] To uncover. To display. Did. To DIS VOUCH, dis-vdu'tsh'. r. a. [dis and vouch.] To destrov the credit of; to contradict. Shakspeare. To DISWi'RN* dis- warn', v. a. [dis and warn.] To direct bv previous notice. L. Keeper Williams. DISWITTED, dis-wit'-tgd. a. [dis and icit.] Mad ; distracted. Drayton. Ob. J. To DISWO'NT*, dis-wunt'. v. a. [dis and wont.] To deprive of accustomed usage. Bp. Hall. DISWO'RSHIP* dis-w&r'-ship. n. s. [dis and wor- ship.] Cause of disgrace. Barret. DIT, dit. n. s. [dicht, Dutch.] A ditty ; a poem ; a tune. Spenser. Ob. J. To DIT v s *, dlt. v..a. [by- can, Sax.] To close up. More. DIT A TION, de-ta'-shftn. n. s. [ditatus, Lat/j The act of enriching. Bp. Hall. DITCH ^, dltsh. n. s. [bic, Sax.] A trench cut in the ground usually between fields. Arbathnot. Any long, narrow 'receptacle of water. Bacon. The moat with which a fortress is surrounded. Knolles. Ditch is used, in composition, of any thing worth- less, or throws away into ditches. Shakspeare. To DITCH, dltsh. v. n. To make a ditch. Swift. To DITCH*, dltsh. r. a. To surround with a ditch or moat. Barret. DITCH-DELIVERED.dltsh'-de-llv'-e'rd. a. Brought forth in a ditch. Sliakspeare. DITCHER, ditsh'-ur. n.s. One who digs ditches. Shakspeare. DITHYRAMBS, dfa/i'-e-ram. n.s. [dilhyrambus, Lat.l A song in honour of Bacchus. Benfley. DITHYRA'JVIBICK, dWi-e-ram'-blk. n. s. A song in honour of Bacchus. Roscommon. Any poem written with wildness and enthusiasm. Walsh. DITHYRA'MBICK, dfc/i-e-ram'-blk. a. Wild ; en- thusiastick. Cowley. DITION* dfsh'-un. n.s. [ditio, Lat.] Dominion. Evelyn. DITTA'NDER, dft-tan'-dor. n.s. The same with pepperwort. DITTANY, dit'-ti-ne. n. s. [dictamnus, Lat.] An herb. Miller. DITTIED,dit'-tid. 282. a. Sung; adapted to musick. DITTO*, dit'-to. ad. [detto. Ital.] A word, in the accounts of tradesmen, signifying the same. DITTY §, dit'-t£.n & [dicht. Dutch.] A poem to be sung ; a song. Hooicer. DIURETICK, dl-u-reY-?k. a. [fatptfriatt.] Having the po« er to provoke urine Young. DIURETICK, dl-n-ret'-lk. fc. s. Drugs that promote urino Arbutlnwt. DIU'RNAM, dl-ur / -nal. 116. a. [dutrrws, Lat.] Re- lating to the day. Brown. Constituting the day. Prior. Dailv ; quotidian. Milton. DIU'RNAL, dl-ur'-nal. n.s. A journal ; a day-book. Toiler. DIU'RNALIST*, dl-ur'-nal-Ist. n. s. A journalist. Bp. Hall. DIURNALLY, dl-fiW-nal-le. ad. Daily; every dav. Toiler. DIUTU'RNAL$*, di-u-tar'-nal. a. [diutw-nus, Lat.] Lasting ; of long continuance. Milton. DIUTURNITY, dl-u-uV-ne-te. b. s. Length of du- ration. Broun. DIVA'N, de-van'. 124. n.s. [An Arabick or Turkish word.] The council of the Oriental princes. Any council assembled : used commonly in a sense of dislike. Milton. To DIVA'RICATEsS dl-var'-e-kate. 125. v. n. [di- l varicatus, Lat.] To be parted into two ; to stride. Woodward. To DIVA'RICATE, dl-var'-e-kate. v. as To divide into two. Grew. | DIVARICATION, di-var-e-ka'-shun. n.s. Partition into two. Ray. Division of opinions. Brown. Extension. Rymer. To DIVES, dive. v,n. [bippan, Sax.] To sink vol- untarily under water. Bacon. To go under water in search of any thing. Raleigh. To go deep into any question, doctrine, or science. Davies. To immerge into any business or condition. Shak- speare. To depart from observation ; to sink. Shak- speare. To DIVE, dive. v. a. To explore by diving. DenJiavi. To DPTE'L, de-vel'. r. a. [divello, Lat.] To pull ; to separate ; to sever. Brown. To DP7 E'LLICATE*, de-vel'-le-kate. v. a. [vellico, Lat.] To pull ; to tear. DI'VER, dl'-viir. n. s. One that sinks voluntarily un- der water. Pope. One that goes under water in search of treasure. Woodicard. He that enters : deep into knowledge or study. Wotton. A water fowl ; a didapper. Ray. j DI'VERB* div'-erb. n. s. [diverbium, Lat.] A prov- erb. Burton. To DI\ T E'RGE§, de-verje'. 124. v.n. [divergo, Lat.] To tend various ways from one point. Newton. DIVE'RGENCE*, de-ver'-jense. n. s. Tendency to various parts from one point. Wallis. DP/E'RGENT, de-ver'-jent. 124. a. Tending to va- rious parts from one point. DI'VERSS, dl'-verz. a. [diversus, Lat.] Several; sundry. Whitsrift. DIVERS-COLOURED*, dl'-verz-kul'-lurd. a. Hav- ing various colours. Shakspeare. DI'VERSE. dl'- verse, a. Different from another Daniel. Different from itself; various; multiform. B. Jonson. In different directions. Phillips. DIVERSELY t, dl'-vers-le. ad. In different ways ; variously. To DIVE'RSE*, de-verse', v.n. To turn aside. Spenser. Ob. T. DIVERSIFICATION, de-veV-se-fe-ka'-shfin. n. s. The act of changing forms or qualities. Boyle Variation ; variegation. Abp. Hort. Variety of forms ; change ; alteration. Hale. To DIVE'RSIFY, de-ver'-se-fl. *. a. To make dif- ferent from another. J J ocke. To make different from itself; to vary; to variegate. Sidney. DIVE'RSION, de-ver'-shun. 124. n.s. The act of turning any thing off from its course. Bacon. The cause by which any thing is turned from its course DenJiam, Sport ; something that unbends the mind bv turning it off from care. Waller. [In war.] The act of drawing the enemy off from some de- sign by threatening or attacking a distant part. DIVE'RSITY, de-ver'-se-te. n. s. Difference ; dis- similitude ; unlikeness. Hooker. Variety. Hooker. Distinct being ; not identity. Locke, "variegation Pope. DPVERSLY, dl'-vgrs-le. ad. In different wav differently; variously. Hooker. In different rections;" to different points. Pope. 306 DIV DIZ Qjp 559.- -Fate far, fall, fat; — me, meH ; —pine p5n 5 ToDTVE'RT§, de-vgrl'. 124. v. a. [diverto, Lat.] To turn off from any direction. Sliak. To draw to from a different part. Davies. To withdraw the mind. Milton. To please ; to exhilarate. Swift. To subvert ; to destroy. Sliakspeare. ' DrVE'RTER, de-veV-tur. n. s. Any thing that di- verts. Walton. DIVE RTICLE*, de-veV-te-kl. n. s. A turning ; a by-way. Hales. To DIVERTPSEy, de-veV-tiz. v. a. [divertiser, Fr.] To please ; to exhilarate. Dryden. Little used. 55" Dr. Johnson seems to have accented this word on the last syllable, in compliance with the verb advertise, which is exactly of the same form, and therefore, he thought, ought to be accented in the same manner. But, by making divertise conform in accentuation to adver- tise, we make the general rule stoop to the exception, rather than the exception to the general rule. For, in all verbs of three or more syllables, where the termina- tion ise is only the verbal formation, and does not be- long to the root, we never find the accent on it ; as, criticise.; exercise, epitomise, &c. — See Advertise- ment. TV. DrVE'RTISEMENT, de-veV-tiz-m&it. n. s. Diver- sion ; delight 5 pleasure. A musical composition. Government, of the Tonmte. DIVE/RTIVE, de-ver'-tlv. a. Recreative ; amusive ; exhilarating. Boyle. To DrVE'ST§, de-vgst'. 124. v. a. [devestir, Fr.] To strip ; to make naked. Denham. DIVE'STURE, de-veV-tshuro. n. s. The act of put- ting off. Boyle. DIVPDABLE, de-vl'-da-bl. a. Separate ; different. Sliakspeare. Ob. J. DIVI'DANT, de-vl'-dant. a. Different 5 separate. Shakspeare. Ob. J. To DIVIDER de-vide'. 124. v. a. [divicb, Lat.] To part one whole into different pieces. 1 Kings. To separate ; to keep apart, by standing as a partition between. Genesis. To disunite by discord. St. Luke. To deal out ; to give in shares. Sliak. [In musick.] To play divisions. Spenser. ToDD/I'DE, de-vide', v.n. To part; to sunder. Milton. To break friendship. Shakspeare. To be of different opinions. Waterland. DIVI'DEDLY*, de-vl'-d£d-le. ad. Separately. Knatchbull. DPVIDEND, djv'-e-de^nd. n. s. A share ; the part al- lotted in division. Decay of Piety. [In arithmetick.] Dividend is the number given to be parted or di- vided. Cocker. DIVPDER, de-vl'-dur. 98. n. s. That which parts any thing into pieces. Digby. A distributer ; he who deals out to each his share. Luke. A disuniter. Swift. A particular kind of compasses. DPvTDING* de-vl'-dlng. n. s. Separation. He- brews, iv. DIVFDUAL, de-vld'-u-al, or de-vfd'-ju-al. 293, 376. a. Divided. Milton. DIVINA'TION, dlv-e-na^-shun. 530. n. s. [divinatio, Lat.] A prediction or foretelling of future things. Ayliffe. Conjectural presage or prediction. Sliak. DI'VlNATOR*, d5v'-e-na-tur. n.s. One who pro- fesses divination. Burton. DIVPNATORY*, de-vin'-a-v&r-e. a. Professing div- ination. Biblioth. Bibl. DIVPNE §, de-vine'. 124. a. [divinus, Lat.] Partak- ing of the nature of God. Dryden. Proceeding from God. Hooker. Excellent in a supreme de- gree. Dames. Presageful ; divining. Milton. DP VINE, de-vine', n. s. A minister of the Gospel; a priest ; a clergyman. Bacon. A man skilled in di- vinity ; a theologian. Denliam. To DiVPNE*, de-vine', v. a. To deify. Spenser. Ob. T. To DIVPNE, de-vine', v. a. To foretell. Shakspeare. To DIVPNE, de-vine', v. n. To utter prognostica- tion. Sliak. To feel presages. Shak. To conjec- ture ; to guess. Dryden. DIVPNELY, de-vlne'-le. ad. By the agency or influ- ence of God. Locke. Excellently in the supreme degree. Milton. In a manner noting a deity. Ad- dison- DD/TNENESS, dkvlne'-neY n.s. Divinity; partici- pation of the divine nature. Grew. Excellence in the supreme degree. Sliakspeare. DiyPNER, de-vl'-nur. 98. n. s. One that professes divination. Brown. Conjecturer; guesser. Locke. DIVPNERESS, de-vlne'-r&s. n. s. A prophetess. Dryden. DIVPNIFIED*, de-vln'-e-flde. a. Participating of the divine nature. Parlheneia Sacra. DP7PNITY, de-v?n'-e-te. 511. n.s. [divinitas, Lat.] Participation of the nature and excellence of God deity; godhead. Milton. God; the Deity; the Supreme Being; the Cause of causes. Addison. False god. Prior. Celestial being. Clmjne. The science of divine things ; theology. Shak. Some thing supernatural. Shakspeare. DIVISIBLE §, de-viz'-e-bl. 124. a. [divisibilis, Lat.] Capable of being divided into parts. Bentley. DIVISIBILITY, de-vfc-e-bil'-e-te. n.s. The quality of admitting division or separation of parts. Glan- ville. DIVFSIBLENESS,de-v?z'-e-bl-ne ! s. n.s. Divisibili- ty. Boyle. DIVPSION, de-vlzh'-un. n.s. [divisio, Lat.] The act of dividing any thing into parts. Sliak. The state of being divided. 2 Esdras. That by which any thing is kept apart; partition. The part which is separated by dividing. Addison. Disunion ; dis- cord; difference. John. Parts into which a dis- course is distributed. Locke. A variation of melo- dy upon some given fundamental harmony. Shak. Distinction. Exodus. [In arithmetick.] The sep- aration or parting of any number or quantity given, into any parts assigned. Cocker. Subdivision; distinction of the general into species. Shakspeare. DIVFSIONER*, de-vizh'-un-ur. n. s. One who di- vides. Sheldon. Ob. T. DIVISIVE*, de-vi'-s?v. a. Forming division or dis- tribution. Mede. Creating division or discord. Burnet. DIVPSOR, de-vl'-z&r. 166. n.s. [dhisor, Lat.] The number given, by which the dividend is divided. DIVO'RCE$, de-vc-rse'. 124. n.s. [divortium, Lat.] The legal separation of husband and wife. Ayliffe. Separation; disunion. King Charles. The sen- tence by which a marriage is dissolved. The cause of any penal separation. Shakspeare. To DIVO'RCE, de-vorse'. v. a. To separate a hus- band or wife from the other. St. Matthew i To force asunder; to separate by violence. Hooker. To separate from another. Shak. To take away ; to put away. Sliakspeare. DIVO'RCEMENT, de-vorse'-ment. n. s. Divorce. Martin. DrVO'RCER, de-vc-r'-sar, n. s. The person or cause which produces divorce or separation. Dmmmond. . One of a sect called divorcers ; of which Milton was deemed the father. Pagitt. DIVO'RSIVE*, de-vor'-sk. a. Having power to di- vorce. Milton. To DIVULGATES*, de-vul'-gate. v. a. [divulgo, Lat.] To publish that which is secret. Huloet. DIVULGATE*, de-vul'-gate. a. Published ; made known. Bale. DD/ULGA'TION*, div-ul-ga'-shfin. n.s. A pub- lishing abroad. Bp. Hall. To DIVU'LGES, de-vulje'. v. a. [divulgo, Lat.] To publish ; to reveal to the world. Hooker. To pro- claim ; to declare by a publick act. Milton. DrVU'LGER, de-vul'-jur. 98. n.s. A publisher. King Cliarles. DIVU'LSION, de-v&l'-shun. n.s. [divulsio, Lat.J Plucking away; laceration. Bp. Hall. DIVU'LSTVE*, de-vul'-slv. a. Having power to tear away. Bp. Hall. ToDPZEN, dl'-zn. 103. v. a. To dress; to deck; to rig out. Beaumont and Fletcher. ToDIZZ*, diz. v. a. [biri,Sax.J To astonish; to puzzle; to make giddy or dizzy in the head. Gay- ton. DFZZARD, diz'-zfird. n.s. A blockhead ; a fool Diet. 306 DOC DOF -n6, move, n6r, n&t ;— tube, tub, bull ;— 6?1 ;— pound ;—tkm, Tui Dl'ZZINESS, dfz'-ze-n&i. ?i.s. Giddiness} whirl in (tie head. W. Mountanne. DI'ZZY*, diz'-ze. a. (t>i r i, biri$,Sax.] Giddy} vertiginous. Milton. Causing 1 giddiness. Shaft Giddy; thoughtless. Milton. Rotatory; whirling. Thomson. To DI'ZZY, d?z'-ze. v. a. To whirl round ; to make giddy. Shaksj>eare. To DO$, did. 164. v. a. Thou dost, he doth or does ; preter. did; part. pass. done, [bon, Sax.] To prac- tise or act any thing, good or bad. Psalms. To perform; to achieve. Daniel. To execute ; to dis- charge. Sfiak. To cause. Spenser. To transact. Acts. To produce any effect to another. Sliak. To have recourse to ; to practise as the last effort. Jer. To perform for the benefit or hurt of another. Sam. To exert 5 to put forth. 2 Tim. To man- age by way of intercourse or dealing. Boijle. To gain : to effect by influence. Shale. To make any thing what it is not. Shak. To finish j to end. Shak. To conclude ; to settle. Prior. To put. Sha/c. — The phrase, what to do with, signifies how to bestow; what use to make of; what course to take ; how to employ ; which way to get rid of. Tillotson. o To DO, d66. v. n. To act or behave in any manner, well or ill. 2 Kings. To make an end ; to con- clude. Spectator. To cease to be concerned with. Stil/ingjleet. To fare; to be, with regard to sick- ness or health. 2 Sam. To succeed ; to fulfil a purpose. Verstegan. To deal with. Bacon. To do is used for any verb, to save the repetition of the word : as, I shall come, but, if I do not, go away; that is, if I come not. Sidney. , Do is a word of vehement command, or earnest request : as. Help me, do ; Make haste, do. Dryden. To do is put before verbs sometimes expletively : as, I do love, or I love; I did love, or I loved. Bacon. Some- j times emphatically : as, I do hate him, but will not wrong him. Shak. Sometimes by way of opposi- tion : as, I did love him, but scorn him now. Sometimes emphatically , by way of strong negation : as, I do not know the man. Sometimes, for the purpose of interrogation : as, Do you not remember me? DO*, n. s. See Doe. and Ado. DO-LITTLE*, d66'-lil-tl. n.s. [do and little.] A term of contempt for him who professes much, and performs little. Bp. Richardson. To DOAT. r. n. See To Dote. D0'C1BLE§, dos'-e-bl. 405. a. [docilis, Lat.] Trac- table ; docile ; easy to be taught. Milton. DOCIBFLITY*, dos-e-bll'-e-te. n. s. Readiness to learn. Bullokar. DO'CIBLENESS, d6s / -e-bl-nes. n. s. Teachableness. Walton. DO'CILE$, dos'-sfl. 140. a. [docilis, Lat.] Teacha- ble ; easily instructed. Ellis. #5= Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Perry, make the first syllable of this word short, and Buchanan only makes it long. — See Indocile. W. DOCFLITY, dd-slK-e-te. n. s. Aptness to be taught; readiness to learn. Fotherhy. DOCK, d6k. n. s [bocce, Sax.] A plant ; a weed. Miller. DOCK, d6k. n. s. [dole, Goth.] A place where water is let in or out at pleasure, where ships are built or laid up. Howell. DOCK- YARD*, dok'-yard. n.s. A place or yard where ships are built, and naval stores reposited. Boswell. DOCKS, d6k. n.s. The stump of the tail which re- mains after docking. The solid part of the tail. Grew. To DOCK, dok. v. a. To cut off a tail. To cut any thing short. Swift. To cut off a reckoning 5 to cut off an entail. To lay the ship in a dock. DO'CKET^, d&k'-k 99. n. s. A direction tied upon goods; a summary of a larger writing. Diet. To DO'CKET* doV-ft. v. a. To mark the contents or titles of papers on the back of them. Ld. Ches- terfield. DOCTORS, dok'-tflr. 166. n.s. [doctor, Lai.] One that has taken the highest'degree in the faculties of divinity, law, physick, or musick. Acts, v. A man skilled in any profession. Denham. A physician Slutkspeare. Any able or learned man. Digby. To DO'CTOR, d6V-lur. v. a. To physick ; to cure. DOCTORAL 1 , d&k'-to-rll. a. Relating- to the degree of a doctor. Pp. King. DO'CTORALLY, d&k'-to-ral-le. ad. In manner of a doctor. Hakewill. DOCTORATE*, dok'-t6-rate. n. s. The degree of a doctor. Hurd. To DO CTORATE*, d6k'-t6-rate. v. a. To make a doctor. Warton. DO'CTORESS*, d6k'-t6-res. n. s. She who pro- fesses the skill of a doctor. Whitlock. DO'CTORLY*, d&k'-l&r-lfe. a. Like a learned man. Bp. Hall. DOCTORS-COMMONS*, d&k'-tfirz-k&m'-mfinz. n.s. The college of civilians, residing in the city of London. Bp. Barlow. DO CTORSHIP, dok'-t&r-sWp. n. s. The rank of a doctor. Clarendon. DO'CTRINAL, dok'-tre-nal. a. [doctrina, Lat.] Con- taining doctrine, or something formally taught. South. Pertaining to the act or means of teaching. Hooker. DO'CTRINAL, dok'-tre-iml. n. s. Something that is part of doctrine. Sir T. Elyot. DO'CTRINALLY, dok'-tre-nal-e. ad. In the form of doctrine ; positively. Milton. DOCTRINE, dSk'-trfn. 140. n. s. The principles or positions of any sect or master. Hooker. The act of teaching. Mark, iv. DOCUMENT §, dok'-u-ment. n. s. [documentum, Lat.] Precept ; instruction ; direction. Bacon. Pre- cept, in an illsense. Harvey. A written evidence ; a record. To DO'CUMENT*, dok'-u-m^nt. v. a. To teach ; to direct. Dryden. DOCUME'NTAL*, dok-u-men'-tal.tt. Belonging to instruction. More. DOCUMENTARY*, dok-ii-ment'-a-re. a. Pertain- ing to written evidence in law. DODDERS, d6d ; -dur. 98. n.s. [touteren, Dutch.] A plant. Hill. DO'DDERED, dod'-dfird. a. Overgrown with dod- der. Dryden. DODECAGON, d6-dek / -a-gon. n.s. [SwSexa and vomer.] A figure of twelve sides. DODECATIEDRON*, d6-de-ka / -e-dr6n. n. s. [dwoeica and iSpa.] [In geometry.] One of the regular bodies, comprehended under twelve equal sides, each whereof is a pentagon. Chambers. DODECATEMO'RION, d6-de-kat-e-m6 y -re-6n. n.s. \6t.Q&£K.a.Tr}ixfimov.~\ The twelfth part. Creech. DODECATE'MORY*, do-de-ka-tem^-re. n. s. A denomination sometimes applied to each of the twelve signs of the zodiack. Burton. To DODGE §, dodje. v.n. [probably corrupted from dog.] To use craft; to deal with tergiversation. Hale. To shift place as another approaches. Milton. To play fast and loose. Addison. DODGER*, dbd'-fir. n. s. One who is guilty of mean tricks. Cotgrave. DODKIN*, dod'-kln. n.s. [duyiken, Dutch.] A doitkin or little doit, Shelton. DO/DMAN, dod'-man. 88. n.s. The name of a fish. Bacon. A shell-snail, called also hodmandod. DO'DO*, d. a. [daska, Su. Goth.] To give a blow on the face ; to strike. Bailey. DOWST*. doiist. 7i. s. A stroke. Beaum. and Fl. DOXOLO'GICAL*, doks-6-l6dj -e-kal. a. Having a form of thanksgiving to God. Howell. DOXO'LOGY $, \l6k-&l'-6-je. 518. n. s. [tya and Xdyo?.] A form of giving glory to God. Stilling fleet. DOXY, dok'-se. n. s. A whore ; a loose wench. Shafo}*arc. To DOZE $. d6ze. v. n. [bpaer. Sax.] To slumber ; to sleep lightlv. L' Estrange. To live in a state of drowsiness. Dryden. To DOZE §, dize. u. a. To stupify ; to dull. Clarendon. DOZEN, dfiz'-zn. 103. «. s. [ abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers. Prior. DRAGOONA'DE*, drag-66n-a.de 7 . n.s. An abau donment of a place to the rage of soldiers. Burnet. ToDRAIL^*, drale. v. a. [the same as trail.] To draw; to drag. More. To DRAIL*, drale. v. n. To draggle. South. To DRAIN Mrane. to. a. [bpehni^ean, Sax.] To draw oft' gradually. Bacon. To empty by drawing gradually away. Roscommon. To make quite dry. Sum. DRAIN, drane. n. s. The channel through which liquids are gradually drawn ; a watercourse ; a sink. Moiiimer. DRATNABLE*, dr&'-na-bl. a. Capable of being drained. Sherwood. DRAKE, drake, n. s. The male of the duck. Morti- mer. The drakefly. Walton. A small piece of artillery. Clarendon. DRAM (, dram. n. s. [drachma, Lat.] In weight the eighth part of an ounce. Bacon. A small quantity, in a proverbial sense. Spenser. Such a quantity of distilled spirits as is usually drank at once. Shakspeare. Spirits; distilled liquors. Pope. To DRAM, dram. v. n. To drink drams. DRAM-DRINKER*, dram'-drmk-ur. n. s. One who is in the habit of drinking distilled spirits. Bishop Berkeley. DRA'MA$, dra'-ma, or dram'-ma. n. s. [6pafia.] A poem accommodated to action ; a poem in which the action is not related, but represented ; and in which, therefore, s*uch rules are to be observed as make the representation probable. Dryden. O^J* The last mode of pronouncing this word is that which was universally current till within ihese few years ; hut the first has insensibly stolen into use, as we may observe from the several dictionaries which have adopted it. Mr. Sheridan, W. Johnston, Mr. Nares, and, as far as we can judge by the position of the accent, Entick and Bailey pronounce it with the first a long ; and Dr. Kenrick, Buchanan, and, if we may guess at Dr. Ash by his accent, with the same letter short. Mr. Scott gives both ways ; but, by placing the sound with the long a first, seems to prefer it. The authorities are certainly on the side I have adopted ; but I wish also to establish it by analogy. And, first, it may be observed, that, if any argument can ba drawn from the Latin quantity to the English, it is cer- tainly in favour of the first pronunciation ; for, in a Latin word of two syllables, where a consonant comes between two vowels, the consonant always goes to the last, and the first vowel is pronounced long, without the least regard to the quantity. Thus, Crates, the philos- opher, and crates, a hurdle ; decus, honour, and dedo, to give ; Svo, to triumph, and Ovum, an egg; Numa, the legislator, and vumen, the divinity, have the first vowels always sounded long, by an English speaker, al- though in the Latin the first vowel in the first word of oach of these pairs is short. From this universal man- ner of pronouncing Latin words, though contrary to Latin quantity, it is no wonder, when we adopt words from that language without any alteration, we should pronounce them in the same manner ; and it may be fairly concluded, that this uniform pronunciation of the Latin arises from the genius of our own tongue ; which always inclines us to lengthen the accented vowel be- fore a single consonant in words of two syllables ; oth- erwise, what reason can we assign for the rule laid down by our ancestors for doubling the consonant in verbs, verbal nouns, and participles, where a single vowel was preceded by a single consonant in the theme? But an affectation of Latinity seems to have disturbed the general pronunciation of our own language, as much as our own pronunciation has disturbed the Latin quantity: for, though we neglect the quantity of Latin dissyllables, when we are pronouncing that language, yot,"in dissyllables of our own, formod from the Latin, 313 DRA DRA IT 559.— Fate, fir, fall, fat 5— me, mel;— pine, pin;— and anglicised, we seem to be, in some measure, guided by the Latin quantity. To what else can we attribute the short sound of the first vowel in magick, placid, tepid, vigil, novel, &c. ? and to what but the genuine force of vernacular pronunciation can we ascribe the long sound of u in this situation, let the quantity of the Latin original be what it will ? Thus, though epick, topick, cynick, and tonick, have the first vowel short, tunick, stupid, Cupid, tumid, &c. have the u long, though always short in the Latin words from which they are derived. But however this may be in words anglicised from the Latin, and ending in a consonant, perhaps, in nothing is our pronunciation more regular than in the quantity of the first vowel in a word of two syllables ending with a vowel: in this case the first vowel is invariably long ; and why the word in ques- tion should be the only exception, cannot easily be ac- counted for. We have no words originally English of this form ; but those we adopt from other languages suf- ficiently show the analogy of pronunciation : thus gola, coma, China, era, strata, quota, fico, dado, sago, bravo, tyro, hero, negro, arty. Addison. To draw oirf. To protract ; to engthen. Shak. To draw out. To beat out. Moxon. To draw out. To extract; to pump out by insinuation. Sidney. To draw out. To induce by motive. Hooker. To draw out. To call to action. Dryden. To range in battle. Col- lier. To draw up. To form m order of battle. Dryden. To draw up. To form in writing. Dryden. To DRAW, draw. v. n. To perform the office of a beast of draught. Deut. xxi. To act as a weight. Addison. To contract; to shrink. Bacon. To advance ; to move. Sliak. To draw together ; to be collected. Blackmore. To adhere ; to cleave. Wicliffe. To draw a sword. Sliak. f jTo practise the art of delineation. Locke. To ta^e a card out of the pack. Dryden. To make a sore run by at- traction. — To draw off. To retire ; to reireat." To draw on. To advance ; to approach. Dry den. To draw up. To form troops into regular order. Clarendon. DRAW, draw. n. s. The act of drawing. The lot or chance drawn. DRA'WABLE*, draw'-a-bl. a. Capable of being drawn. More. DRA'WBACK, draw'-bak. n. s. Money paid back for ready payment, or anv other reason. Swift. DRA'WBRIDGE, draw'-brldje. n.s. A bridge made to be lifted up, to hinder or admit communication at pleasure. Carew. DRAWEE'*, draw-ee'. n.s. One on whom a bill of exchange is drawn. Blackstone. DRA'WER, draw'-ur. n.s. One employed in procur- ing water from the well. Deut. xxix. One whose business is to draw liquors from the cask. Shak. That which has the power of attraction ; that which incites. Massinger. A box in a case, out of which it is drawn at pleasure. Locke. One who draws a bill of exchange. In the plural, the lower part of a man's dress. Locke. DRA'WING, draw'-uig. n.s. Delineation; repre- sentation. Pope. DRaVWINGROOM, draw'-ing-ro6m. n. s. The room 314 _« DRE DRT — n6, mdve, nor, not ;— tube, tub, bull 3 — 6il ;— p6und ;— thin, THis. in which company assembles at court. Pcrpe. The company assembled there. Johnson. To DRAWLS, drawl, v.n. To utter any thing in a slow, drivelling way. Bp. Hall. IVDRAWL*, drawl, v. a. To consume in a drivel- ling way. Idler. DRAWL"*, drawl, n. s. A protracted modulation of the voice. Mason. DRAWN, drawn, port, from draw. Collected. Clar- endon. Pulled. Dryden. Equal ; where each par- ty takes his own stake. Addison. With a sword drawn. Shak. Open 5 put aside, or unclosed. Dryden. Eviscerated. Shak. Induced as from some motive. Spenser. DRA'WWELL, draw'-wel. n. s. A deep well. Grew. DRAYS, dri. ) n. s. [bna*, Sax.] DRA'YCARTS, dra'-kart. \ The car on which •beer is carried. Addison. DRAYHORSE, dra'-h6rse. n. s. A horse which draws a dray. Tatler. DRA'YMAN" dra'-man. 88. n. s. One that attends a drav or cart. Slw.kspeare. DRA YPLOUGH, dra'-pldu. ji.s. A plough of a particular kind. Mortimer, DRA'ZEL, draz'-zl. 102, 405. n. s. A low, mean, worthless wretch. Hndibras. DREADS, dred. 234. n.s. [bpseb, Sax.] Fear 3 ter- rour ; affright. Shak. Habitual fear ; awe. Gen. ix. The person or thing feared. Isaiah, viii. DREAD, dred. a. Terrible 3 frightful. Shak. Awful; venerable in the highest degree. Milton. To DREAD, dred. v. a. To tear in an excessive de- gree. Wake. To DREAD, dred. v. n. To be in fear. Deut. i. DRE'ADABLE*, dred'.-a-bl. a. To be dreaded or feared. Kalendar of Shepherds. DRE ; ADER.dred'-ur. 98. n. 5. One that lives in fear. Swift. DRE'ADFUL, dred'-fiil. a. Terrible ; frightful. Mil- ton. Awful ; venerable. Genesis, xxviii. Full of fear. Spenser. DRE'ADFULNESS, dred'-ful-nes. n.s. Terrible- ness ; frightfulness. Hakewill. DRE'ADFULLY, drgd'-ful-e. ad. '"erribly ; fright- fully. Dryden. DRE'ADLESS, dred'-les. a. Fearless ; unaffright- ed ; intrepid. Spenser. DRE'ADLESSNESS, dred'-les-nes. n. s. Fearless- ness. Sidney. DREAMS, dreme. 227. n. s. [droom, Dut.] A phan- tasm of sleep; the thoughts of a sleeping man. Shak. An idle fancy ; a wild conceit. ShaJc. To DREAM, dreme. v. n. preter. dreamed, or dreamt. To have the representation of something in sleep. • Locke. To think ; to imagine. Shale. To think idly. Locke. To be sluggish ; to idle. Dryden. To DREAM, dreme. v. a.'To see in a dream. Dry- den. DRE'AMER, dre'-mur. 98. n.s. One who has dreams ; one who has fancies in his sleep. Dry- den. An idle, fanciful man 3 a visionary. Sliak. Formerly, an interpreter of dreams. Gen. xxxvii. A mope! Prior. A sluggard ; an idler. DRE'AMFUL* dreme'-ful. a. Full of dreams. Hubet. DREAMINGLY*, dreme'-ing-le. ad. Slugglishly 3 negligently. Huloet. DRE'AMLESS, dreme'-l^s. a. Free from dreams. Camden. DREAR, drere. 227. a. Mournful ; dismal. Milton. DR-EAR, drere. n. s. Dread 3 terrour. Spenser. DRE'ARIHEAD, dre'-re-heU n.s. Horrour; dis- malness. Spenser. Ob. J. DRE'ARILY*, dre'-re-le. ad. Dreadfully ; terribly. Speriser. DRE'ARIMENT, dre'-re-ment. n. s. Sorrow ; dis- mal ness. Spenser. Horrour ; dread 3 terrour. Spen- ser. DRE ; ARINESS*, dre / -re-nes.n..s. Dismalness; sor- row. Manning. DREARYS, dre'-re. a. [bpeopi£, Sax.] Sorrow- ful 5 distressful. Spenser Gloomy 3 dismal 3 hor rid. Drt/den, DREDGES, dredje. n. *. A kind of net. Carew. To DREDGE, dredje. v. a. To gather with a dredge Kan. DREDGE $*, dredje. n. s. A mixture of oats and bar ley sown together. To DREDGE*, dredje. r. a. To scatter flour on any thing which is roasting. Beaumont and Fletcher. DRE'DGER, dred'-jur. n. s. One who fishes with a dredge. An instrument to scatter flour on meat while roasting. Ash. To DREE*, die. v. a. [bpeah, Sax.] To suffer ; to endure. Ray. DRE'GGINESS. dreg'-ge-nes. n.s. Fulness of dregs or lees. DRF/GG1SH, dreV-g?sh. a. Foul with lees. Harvey. DREGGY, dreg'-ge. 382. a. Containing dregs ; muddy ; feculent. Blackmore. DREGS S, drfigz. n.s. [bpeyten, Sax.] The sedi ment of liquors ; the Ipes 3 the grounds. Davies Any thing by which purity is corrupted. Bacon Dross ; sweepings ; refuse. Dryden. To DREIN, drane. 249. v.n. To empty. Congreve. To DRENCH S, drensh. r. a. [bpencean, Sax.] To wash 5 to soak ; to steep. Shak. To saturate with drink or moisture. Shak. To physick by violence. Mortimer. DRENCH, drSnsh. n. s. A draught ; a swill. Milton. Physick for a brute. Farrier's Diet. Physick that must be given by violence. Beaumont ana Fletclier A channel of water. DRE NCHER, drensh'-ur. n. s. One that dips or steeps any thing. One that gives physick by force Diet. DRENT, drent. part. Drenched. Spenser. To DRESS S, dres. v. a. [dresser, Fr.] To clothe; to invest with clothes. Dryden. To clothe pompously or elegantly. Taylor. To adorn 3 to deck ; to em- bellish. Clarendon. To cover a wound with medicaments. Wiseman. To curry 3 to rub. Bp. Taylor. To break or teach a horse. Dryden. To rectify; to adjust. Gen. ii. To prepare for any purpose. Mortimer. To trim ; to fit any thing for ready use. Ex. xxx. To prepare victuals for the table. 2 Sam. xii. To DRESS*, dr£s. v. n. To pay particular regard (o dress. Bramston. [In military language.] 1 o keep the body in such a relative position, as to contribute towards, and make a part of, an exact continuity of line. James' Military Diet. DRESS, drh. n. s. Clothes ; garment ; habit. Gov. of the Tongue. Splendid clothes ; habit of cere- mony. Richardson. The skill of adjusting dress. Pope. DRE'SSER, dreV-sur. n. s. One employed in putting on the clothes of another. Bp. Taylor. One em- ployed in regulating or adjusting any thing. St. Luke, xiii. The bench in a kitchen on whicli meat is dressed. Shakspeare. DRE'SSING, dreV-smg. n. s. Attire ; ornament. B Jonson. The application made to a sore. Wise man. Manual labour upon ground. Evelyn. DRE'SSY*. dreV-se. a. Distinguished by dress. DRE'SSINGROOM, dreV-sIng-r6om. n. s. The room in which clothes are put on. Swift. DREST, drest. part, [from dress.] §^r" This is one of those words which, for the sake of rhyming to the eye, as it may be called, poets have con- tracted into an irregular form; but how unnecessarily may be seen, Principles, No. 360. W. To DRIBS, drib. v. a. [contracted from dribble.] To crop ; to cut off. Sidney. DRIB*, drfb. n. s. A drop. Swift. To DRPBBLES, drib'-bl. 405. v.n. [from drop.] To fall in drops. To fall weakly and slowly. Shak. To proceed slowly. Milton. To slaver as a child or idiot. To DRPBBLE, drnV-bl. v. a. To throw down in drops. Swift. DRFBBLING* drlb'-ling. n. s A falling in drops. Woodward. 315 DRI DRO O 3 559.— File, far, fall, fat ;— me, m& ;— pine, pin ;— DRIBLET. drlbMet. n. s. A small sum 3 odd money in a sum. Dryden. DRPER, drl'-ur. n. s. That which has the quality of absorbing moisture. Bacon. DRIFTS, drift, n. s. Force impellent ; impulse. South. Violence ; course. Spenser. Any thing driven at random. Dry den. Any thing driven or borne along in a body. Pope. A storm ; a shower. Sliak. A snowdrift ; a deep body of snow. Tendency, or aim of action. Hooker. Scope of a discourse. Til- lotson. To DRIFT, drift, v. a. To drive ; to urge along. El- lis. To throw together on heaps. Thomson. To DRIFT*, drift, v. n. To form into heaps 5 as, the snow drifts. DRIFT-WAY*, drm'-wa. n. s. A common road for driving cattle. Cowel. DRIFT- WIND*, drlft'-wmd. n. s. A wind that drives all before it, or that throws any matter into heaps or drifts. Beaumont and Fletcher. To DRILL §, drfl. v.a. [tiplian, Sax.] To pierce anything with a drill. Moxon.. To perforate; to bore. Hudihras. To make a hole. Moxon. To delay ; to put off. Addison. To draw from step to step. South. To drain ; to draw slowly. Tlwmson. To form to arms ; to teach the military exercise. Hudihras. To DRILL*, drll. v. n. To flow gently or slowly. Cockeram. To muster; to assemble in order to exercise. Beaumont a?id Fletclier. DRILL, drll. n. s. An instrument with which holes are bored. Boyle. An ape ; a baboon. Locke. A small dribbling brook. Sandys. Military exercise. B. Jonson. To DRINK §, drink, v.n. preter. drank, or drunk ; part. pass, drunk, or drunken, formerly dronk and dronken. [bpeucan, Sax.] To swallow liquors; to quench thirst. Slutk. To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. Genesis, xliii. To drink to excess. Pope.— To drink to. To salute in drinking. SImk. To drink to. To wish well to in the act of taking the cup. Shakspeare. To DRINK, drink, v. a. To swallow : applied to li- quids. 1 Samuel, xxx. To suck up; to absorb. Dryden. To take in by an inlet ; to hear ; to see. Shak. To act upon by drinking. SImk. To make drunk. 1 Kings, xvi. DRINK, drink, n.s. Liquor to be swallowed. Milton. Liquor of any particular kind. Shakspeare. DRPNKABLE, drink'-a-bl. a. Potable ; such as may be drunk. Wodroephe. DRINKER, drlnk'-fir. 93. n.s. [bnincene, Sax.] One that drinks to excess ; a drunka.d. Bacon. One that drinks any liquor, but not to excess. Ju- nius. DRPNKING*, drlnk'-lng. n. s. The act of quenching thirst. Bp. Taylor. A festival. Esther, i. The habit of drinking strong liquors to excess. Lord Chesterfield. DRINKING-HORN*, drink '-mg-horn. n.s. [bjienc- honn, Sax.] A drinking cup made of horn. DRINKING-HOUSE*, drlnk'-lng-hdfts. n. s. [bpenc-hur, Sax.] An ale-house. DRFNKLESS*, drlnk'-les. a. Without drink. Chau- cer. DRPNKMONEY, drlnk'-mun-ne. n.s. Money giv- en to buy liquor. Arhuthnot. To DRIP §, drip. v.n. [bpypan, Sax.] To fall in drops. To have drops falling from it. Dryden. To DRIP, drip. v. a. To let fall in drops. Swift. To drop fat in roasting. Walton. DRIP, drip. n. s. [from the verb.] That which falls in drops. Abp. Laud. [In architecture.] A large flat member of the cornice, the corona ; called by workmen the drip. Chambers. DRI'PPING, drlp'-plng. n. s. The fat which house- wives gather from roast meat. Swift. DRPPPINGPAN, drlp'-plng-pan. n.s. The pan in which the fat of roast meat is caught. Beaumont and Fletclier. DRPPPLE, drtp'-pl. a. Weak, or rare. Fairfax. To DRIVE §, drive, v. a. pret. drove, anciently drave ; part. pass, driven, or drove, [bpiran, Sax.] To produce motion in any thing by violence. To force along by impetuous pressure. Pope. To expel by force from any place. Dryden. To send by force to any place. Shak. To chase ; to hunt. Chevy Cluise. To force or urge in any direction. Hal. iii. To impel to greater speed, 2 Kings. To guide and regulate a carriage. Exodus, xiv. To convey animals under guidance. Addison. To clear any place by forcing away what is in it. Dryden. To force ; to compel. Ascham. To hurry on inconsid- erately. Bp. Taylor. To distress ; to straiten. Spenser. To urge by violence, not kindness. Dry- den. To impel by influence of passion. Shak. To urge ; to press to a conclusion. Bacon. To carry on ; to keep in motion. Bacon. To purify by mo- tion. Shak. — To drive out. To expel. K. Charles. To DRFVE, drive, v. n. To go as impelled bv any external agent. Brown. To rush with violence. Dryden. To pass in a carriage. Shak. To tend to, as the scope and ultimate design. Brown. To aim; to strike at with fury. Slutk. To distrain. Cleaveland. DRIVE*, drive, n. s. Passage in a carriage. Bosicell. To DRPVEL, drlv'-vl. 102. v. n. [from drip, drip- pie, dribhel, drivel.] To slaver; to let the spittle fall in drops, like a child, an idiot, or a dotard. Sidney. To be weak or foolish ; to dote. Shakspeare. DRPVEL, drlv'-vl. n. s. Slaver ; moisture shed from the mouth. Dryden. A fool; an idiot; a driveller. Sidney. DRIVELLER, drlv'-vl-ftr. n. s. A fool ; an idiot. Swift. DRPVEN, drfv'-vn. 103. Participle of drive. DRPVER, drl'-vur. n. s. The person or instrument who gives any motion by violence. One who drives beasts. Sandys. One who drives a car- riage. Dryden. One who considers a thing as his ultimate design. Mountagu. DRPVING*, drl'-vlng. n. s. The act of giving mo- tion. 2 Kings, ix. Tendencv. Brewer. To DRPZZLE $, drlz'-zl. 405. v. a. [driselen, Germ.] To shed in small, slow drops ; as winter rains. Shak. To DRPZZLE, drlz'-zl. v. n. To fall in short, slow- drops. Spenser. DRPZZLE*, drlz'-zl. n. s. A small rain. DRPZZLING*, drlz'-zllng. n. s. A slow drop. Bale. DRPZZLY, drlz'-zl-e. a. Shedding small rain. Dry- den. DROIL§, dr&ll. n.s. [driole, Icel.] One employed in mean labour; a slave ; a drudge. Beau, and Fl. To DROIL, droll, v. n. To work sluggishly and slowly ; to plod. Spenser. DROLLS, dr6le. 406. n. s. [drdle. Fr.l One whose business is to raise mirth by petty tricks ; a jester^ a buffoon. Howell. A farce. Swift. j£p When this word is used to signify a farce, it is pro- nounced so as to rhyme with doll, loll, &.c. 406. If this wanted proof, we might quote Swift, who was too scru- pulous to rhyme it with extol, if it had not been so pro nounced : " Some as justly fame extols, " For lofty lines in Smithfield drolls." This double pronunciation of the same word to signify different things is a gross perversion of language. Ei- ther the orthography or the pronunciation ought to bo altered. Droll, when signifying a farce, ought either to be pronounced so as to rhyme with hole, or to be written with only one I. — See Bowl. W. To DROLL, drole. v.n. To jest; to play the buffoon. Glanville. To DROLL*, drole. v. a. To cheat ; to trick L' 'Estrange. DRO'LLER*, drd'-l&r. n. s. A jester ; a buffoor. Glanville. DRO'LLERY, dr6 / -lur-e. n.s. Idle jokes ; buffoon- ery. Government of the Tongue. A show. Shak DROLLING*, droMlng. n. s. Burlesque ; low wit. Hallywell. DRO'LLINGLY*, droMlng-le. ad. In a jesting man- ner. Goodnuxn. DRO'LUSH* dro'-llsh. a. Somewhat droU. 316 wmm DRO DRU —116, move, n6r, 1161 ;— tube, tub, bull ;— 651 ;— odund ;— thin, thIs. DROMEDARY, driW-e-da-re. loo. n. s. [drome- dare, ha 1 ..] A sort of camel. Calrnei. #y- I have, in the sound of the in this word, followed Mr. Nares rather thun Air. Sheridan, and, I think, with the best usage on my side. W. DRONES, drone, n. s. [bnoen, Sax.] The bee which makes no honey. Shak. A sluggard ; an idler. Shak. The hum, or instrument of humming. Mi/ton. To DRONE, drone r. n. To live in idleness ; to dream. Dryden. To give a heavy, dull tone. Dnj- den. DRONING*, dro'-nhig. n. s. Utterance in a dull, drivelling" manner. Swift. 1 DRO NISH. dr6'-ii!sh. a. Idle j sluggish. Knight. To DROOP, droop, v. n. [driupa, Icel.] To languish with sorrow. Shak. To faint 3 to grow weak; to be dispirited. Shak. To sink ; to lean downwards. Milton. DROP S, drop. n. s. [bpoppa, Sax.] A globule of moisture. Shak. Diamond hanging in the ear. Pope DROPLET, drop'-let. n. s. A little drop. Shak. DROP-SERENE, drop-se-rene'. n. s. [gutta serena, Lai.] A disease of the eye, proceeding from an in- spissation of the humour. Milton. To DROP, drop. v. a. To pour in drops or single globules. Deut. xxxiii. To let fall. Dryden. To let go ; !o dismiss from the hand. Shak. To utter slighUy or casually. Amos, vii. To insert indi- rectly, or by way of digression. Locke. To inter- mit; to cease. Collier. To quit a master. L' Estrange. To let go a dependant, or companion, without far- ther association. Addison. To suffer to vanish, or corne to nothing. Addison. To bedrop; to speckle. Milton. To DROP, drop. p. n. To fall in drops. Shak. To let drops fall. Dnjden. To fall 5 to come from a higher place. Swift. To fall spontaneously. Mil- ton. To fall in death ; to die suddenly. Sliak. To die. Digby. To sink into silence ; to vanish ; to come to nothing. Addison. To come unexpected- ly. Dryden. To fall short of a mark. Collier. DROPPING, drop'-pmg. n. s. That which falls in drops. Donne. That which drops when the con- tinuous stream ceases. Pope. DRO PPINGLY*, drdp'-puig-le. ad. By drops. Hu- loet. DROPSICAL, drop'-se-kal. a. Diseased with a dropsy ; tending to a dropsy. Arbnthnot. DRO PSIED, drop'-sld. 282. a. Diseased with a drops}'. Shafcspeare. DRO PSTONE, drop-stone, n. s. Spar formed into the shape of drops. Woodward. DRO'PSYS, drop'-se. n. s. [hydrops, Lat.] A collec- tion of water in the bodv. Quincj. DROPWORT, drop'-wurl. n.s. A plant of vari- ous species. DROSS S.dros. n.s. [bjioy, Sax.] The recrement or despumation of metals. Spenser. Rust; incrus- tation upon metal. Addison. Refuse ; leavings ; sweepings. Spenser. DRO'SSEL*. See Drotchel. DRO'SSINESS, dr&s'-se-nes. n.s. Foulness ; fecu- lence 5 rust. Boyle. DRO'SSY, dros'-se. a. Full of scorious or recremen- titious parts ; full of dross. Davies. Worthless ; foul; feculent. Donne. DRO'TCHEL, drotsh'-el. n. s. An idle wench ; a sluggard. Minsheu. DROUGHT §, drout. 313, 393. n. s. [bjiu^o&e, Sax.] Dry weather 5 want of rain. Shak. Thirst ; want of drink. Milton. 55= This word is often pronounced as if written drouth, but improperly. When these abstracts take g in their composition, and this g is preceded by a vowel, the t does not precede the h, but follows it ; as, weigh, weight; fly, flight ; no, nought, Sec. W. DROUGHTINESS, drou'-te-nes. n. s. The state of wanting rain. DRO UGHTY, drou'-te. a. Wanting rain ; sultry. Ray. Thirsty; dry with thirst. Phillips. DROUTH*. See Drought. DROVE, drove, n.s. [bnap, Sax.] A Mv or num- ber of cattle. Haywa. a. A number of sheep driv- en. South. Any collection of animals. Milton. A crowd ; a tumult. Dryden. A drift-way, or com inon road for driving cattle. Cowel. DRO' V EN, dro'-vu. part, from drive. Ob. J. DRO'VER, dro'-vfir. n. s. One that fats oxen for sale, and drives them 10 market. Shak. A boat driven forward bv the tide. Spenser. To DROWNS, drofln. 323. v. a. [drunden, Germ.] To suffocate in water. Prior. To overwhelm in water. Shak. To overflow; to deluge. Dnjden, To immerge ; to lose in any thing. Davies. To lose in something that overpowers or covers. Spen- ser. To DROWN, drdun. v. n. To be suffocated in the waters. Ascliam. DRO'WNER*. drdun'-fir. v. s. That which over- whelms or suffocates. Ascliam. To DROWSED drouz. 323. r. a, [droosen, Dutch.] To make heavy with sleep. Milton. To DROWSE, dr6uz. r. n. To slumber; to grow heavy with sleep. Milton. To look heavy - y not cheerful. Shakspcare. DRO'WSIHED, drou'-ze-hed. n. s. Sleepiness ; in- clination to sleep. Spenser. Ob. J. DRO'WSILY, drofi'-ze-le. ad. Sleepily ; heavily. • Dryden. Sluggishly ; idly ; slolhfully /lazily. Ra- leigh. DRO'WSINESS, drofi'-ze-nes. n. s. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep. SJvxk. Idleness ; indolence j inactivity. Bacon. DRO'WSY, drdu'-ze. a. Sleepy ; heavy with sleep ; lethargick. Sidney. Heavy ; lulling ; causing" sleep. Spenser. Stupid; dull. Atierbury. DROWSY-HEADED*, drM'-ze-hed-ed. a. Having- a sluggish disposition ; heavy. Fotherby. To DRUBS, drub. v. a. [dmber, Dan.] To thresh j to beat ; to bang. Hudibras. DRUB, drub. n. s. A thump; a knock. Hudibras. To DRUDGE S, drfidje. v. n. [bpeo^an, Sax.] To labour in mean offices ; to work hard ; to slave. Hudibras. To DRUDGE*, drfidje. v. a. To consume tediously, or laboriously. Granville. DRUDGE, drfidje. n. s. One employed in mean la- bour ; a slave ; one doomed to servile occupation. Shakspeare. DRU'DGER, drfidje'-fir. n. s. A mean labourer. The drudging-box. Diet. DRU'DGERY, drfidje'-fir-e. n.s. Mean labour 5 ignoble toil ; dishonourable work ; servile occupa- tion. Shaks}Kare. DRUDGING-BOX, drfidje'-mg-bSks. n. s. The bo;; out of which flour is sprinkled upon roast meat, Kins;. DRU DGINGLY, drfidje'-mg-le. ad. Laboriously ; toilsomely. Ray. DRUG S, drug. n. s. [bp.oj'e, Sax.] An ingredient used in physick ; a medicinal simple. Milton. It is used sometimes for poison. SJutk. Any thing with- ^ out worth or value. Dnjden. A drudge. Shak. To DRUG, drfig. v. a. To season with ingredients. Shak. To tincture with something offensive. Milton. To DRUG*, drug. v. n. To prescribe or administer drugs. B. Jonson. DRU^GGER*, dr&g'-gfir. n. s. The old word for a druggist. Burton. DRUGGERMAN* drfig'-gfir-man. n. s. [tyayiuevos, Grseco. Barb.] An interpreter. Dryden. — It is sometimes written, in English, dragoman, and sometimes trudgman. DRUGGET, dr&g'-glt. 99. n. s. A slight kind of woollen stuff. Dryden. DRU'GGIST, drfig'-gk. 382. n.s. One who sells physical drugs. Boyle. DRU GSTER, drfig'-stfir. n. s. One who sells phys- ical simples. Boyle. DRUTD S, druMd'. n. s. [derio, oaks, and hud, in- cantation.] One of the priests and philosophers of the ancient Britons and Gauls. Bait. 317 k - DRY DUC O 3 559. — Fate, far, fall, fat ; — me, m^t ; — pine, pin : DRUFD1CAL*, dru-ld'-e-kal. a. Pertaining to the druids. Dr. Warton. DRUTDISM*, dru'-e-dizm. n. s. The philosophy, or religion, of the druids. Burke. DRUM §, dram. n.s. [tromme, Dan.] An instrument of military musick. Shak. The tympanum of the ear. A large concourse of visiters ; now called a rout. Rambler. To DRUM, drum. v. n. To beat a drum. Hill. To beat with a pulsatory motion. Sliak. To tinkle. Brown To DRUM*, drum. v. a. To expel with the sound of a drum. A military expression, signifying the greatest ignominy. Burke. To DRU'MBLE, drum'-bl. 405. v. n. To drone j to be sluggish. Sliakspeare. DRU'MFISH, driW-ffeh. n. s. The name of a fish. Woodward. DRU'MLY*, drtW-le. a. Thick; stagnant ; muddy. Wodroephe. DRUMMA'JOR, drum-ma'-jur. n. s. The chief drummer of a regiment. Cleaveland. DRUMMA'KER, drum'-ma-kur. n. s. He who deals in drums. Mortimer. DRU'MMER, drum'-mur. n. s. He whose office it is to beat the drum. Sliakspeare. DRU/MSTICK, dr&m'-stlk. n. s. The stick with which a drum is beaten. Addison. DRUNK, drunk, a. Intoxicated with strong liquor"; inebriated. Dryden. Drenched or saturated with moisture. Deut. xxxii. DRUNKARD, drunk'-urd. 88. n.s. One addicted to habitual ebriety. Sliakspeare. DRU'NKEN, dr&nk'-kn. li)6. a. [bjiuncen, Sax.] In- toxicated with liquor. Shak. Given to habitual ebriety. SJiak. Saturated with moisture. Spenser. Done in a state of inebriation. Sliakspeare. DRU'NKENLY, dronk'-kn-le. ad. In a drunken man- ner. Sliakspeare. DRUNKENNESS, drunk'-kn-ngs. n.s. Intoxication with strong liquor. Bp. Taylor. Habitual ebriety. WaWs.Intoxication, or inebriation of any kind. South. BRY§, drl. a. [bpift, bpi, Sax.] Arid; not wet; not moist. Bacon. Not rainy. Bacon. Not succu- lent; not juicy. Shak. Being without tears. Dry- den. Thirsty. Shak. Jejune ; barren ; plain ; un- embellished. B. Jonson. Wanting ; barren. Dry- den. Jejune ; cold. Lord Clarendon. Sneering sarcastical. Goodman. Hard ; severe. Bacon. DRY-FOOT*, dri'-fut. n. s. A dog who pursues the game by the seem of the foot. Sliakspeare. To DRY, drl. v. a. To free from moisture. Shak. To exhale moisture. To wipe away moisture. Denliam. To scorch with thirst. Isa. v. To drain ; to exhaust. Phillips. — To dry zip. To deprive totally of moisture. Woodward. To DRY, drl. v. u. To grow dry. Zeclixriah, x. To DRY-RUB*, drl'-rub. v. a. To make clean with out wetting. Dodsley's Poems. DRY' AD*, drl'-ad. n. s. [Spvg, an oak.] A wood nymph. Milton. DRY'ER, drl'-ur. 98. n. s. That which has the quali- ty of absorbing moisture. Temple. DRY'EYED, drl'-lde. a. Without tears; without weeping. Milton. DRY'FAT*, drl' -fat. n.s. [dry, and pat, Sax.] A large basket, or receiver, m which liquids are not put ; in opposition to int. Tarleton. DRY'LY, drl'-le. ad. Without moisture. Sliakspeare. Coldly ; frigidly ; without affection. Bacon. Je- junely; barrenly; without ornament. Pope. Sly- ly ; sarcastically. DRY'NESS, dd'-nh. n.s. Want of moisture. Brown. Want of succulence. Sliak. Exhaustion. Bacon. Want of embellishment ; barrenness ; coldness. B. Jonson. Want of sensibility in devotion. Bp. Taylor. DRY'NURSE, drl 7 -nurse, n.s. A woman who brings up and feeds a child without the breast. Bp. Pat- rick. One who takes care of another. Sliakspeare. To DRY'NURSE, drl'-nurse. v. a. To feed with- out the breast. Hndibras. DRYSA'LTER*, drl-salt'-ur. n. s. A dealer in salt ed or dried meats, sauces, oils, pickles, and vari- ous other articles. Sir W. Foidvce. DRY'SHOD, dri'-sh&d. a. Without wet feet Sidney. DU'AL^, dtV-al. a. [dualis, Lat.] Expressing the number two. Lightfoot. DUA'LITY*, du-al'-e-te. n.s. That which expresses two in number. Hales. Division ; separation. Dairies. ToDUB§, dub. v. a. [bubban to pibepe, Sax.j To make a man a knight. Shak. To confer any kind of dignity or new character. Sliakspeare. To DUB*, dub. v. n. To make a quick or brisk noise. Beaumont and Fletclier. DUB, dub. n.s. A blow; a knock. Hudibras. DUB*, dub. n.s. [dob, Irish.] A puddle. DU'BBED*, dub'-b6d. a. Blunt. DUBFETY*, du-bl'-e-te. n. s. Uncertainty ; doubt- fulness. Richardson. DUBIO'SITY, du-be-os'-e-te. n.s. A thing doubtful. Brown. DU'BIOUS Mu'-be-us. 542. a. [dubius, Lat.] Dotfbt ful ; not settled in an opinion. Shenstone. Uncer tain. Denliam. Not plain ; not clear. Milton. Hav- ing the event uncertain. Milton. DUBIOUSLY, du'-be-us-le. ad. Uncertainly. Swift. DUBIOUSNESS, du'-be-us-nSs. n. s. Uncertainty. Broome. DU'BITABLES, du'-be-ta-bl. a. [dubito. Lat.] Doubtful; uncertain. More. DU BITANCY*, diV-be-tan-se. n. s. Doubt ; uncer- tainty. Hammond. DUBITA'TION, du-be-uV-shun. n. s. The act of doubting; doubt. Brown. DU'CAL, diV-kal. a. Pertaining to a duke. DU'CAT, duk'-ft. 90. n. s. A coin struck by dukes : in silver worth four shillings and six-pence ; in gold | nine shillings and six-pence. Sliakspeare. DU'CHESS*. See Dutchess. DU'CHY*. SeeDu-rcHY. DUCK§, duk. n. s. [ducken,- Dutch.] A water fowl, both wild and tame. Dryden. A word of endear- ment or fondness. Shak. A declination of the head. Milton. A. stone thrown obliquely on the water so as to strike it and rebound. Arbuthnot. To DUCK, duk. v. n. To dive under water as a duck. Spenser. To drop down the head as a duck. Swift. To bow low ; to cringe. Sliakspeare. To DUCK, duk. v. a. To put under water. Mirror for Magistrates. DU'CKER, d&k'-fir. 98. n.s. A diver. Ray. A cringer. Beaumont and Fletcher. DU'CKINGSTOOL^&kMdng-stdol. n. s. A chair in which scoIcaS are tied, and put under water. A corruption of cuckingstool. See Cuckingstool. Dorset. DU'CKLEGGED, dfik'-leg'd. 359. a. Short legged Dryden. DU CKLING, dfik'-lhig. n. s. A young duck ; the brood of the duck. Ray. A word of fondness. Addison. DUCKMEAT, duk'-mete. n.s. A common plant growing in standing waters. To DUCKO'Y, duk-koe'. v. a. To entice to a snare Grew. DUCKO'Y, duk-koe'. n.s. Any means of enticing and ensnaring. Decay of Piety. DUCKS-FOOT, d&ks'-fut. n. s. Black snakeroot, or May-apple. DUCKWEED, duk'-wede. n. s. The same with duckmeat. Bacon. DUCT, dukt. n. s. [ductus, Lat.] Guidance ; direc- tion. Hammond. A passage through which any thing is conducted. Addison. DU'CTILES, duk'-tn. 140. a. [ductilis, Lat.] Flexi- ble ; pliable. Dryden. Easy to be drawn out into length, or expanded. Bacon. Tractable; obsequi- ous. Phillips. DU'CTILENESS^uk'-tfl-nSs. n.s. Flexibility , due • tility. Donne. DUCTFLITY, duk-tll'-e-te. n. s. Quality of suffer ing extension ; flexibility. Watts. Owcquious ness: compliance. Whit lock. 318 ■V DUL DUN -n6, move, nor, not; — ti'ibe, tub, bull ; — 611; — pound; — tlrin, THis. DU / CTURE*,dQk / -tshure. n.s. Direction ; guidance. || South. DUDGEON, dfid'-jan. 259. n.s. [degen, Germ.l A small dagger. Beaumont and Fletcher. Malice ; sullenness ; malignity ; ill-will. Hudibras. DUE §, du. a. The participle passive of owe. Owed; that which any one has a right to demand. Bacon. Proper; fit; appropriate. Atterburij. Exact; with- out deviation; Sidney. Consequent to ; occasion- ed or effected by. Boyle. DUE, du. ad. Exactly; directly; duly. Shakspeare. DUE, du. n. s. That which belongs" to one. Shak. Right ; jusi title. Milton. Whatever custom or law- requires to be done. Milton. Custom ; tribute ; exactions. Addison. To DUE, du. v. a. To pay as due. Shakspeare. DU'EFUL*, diV-ful. a. Fit; becoming. Spenser. DU'ENESS*, diV-n£s. n. s. Fitness. DU'EM, diV-il. 99. n.s. [duellum, Lat.] A combat between two: a single figjit. Bacon. To DU'EL, diV-il. v. n. To fight a single combat. Baron. To DU EL, du'-ll. v. a. To attack or fight with sin- gly. Milton. DU'ELLER.du'-ll-lur. 99. n. s. A single combatant. Fuller. DUELLING*, diV-fl-ling. 410. n.s. The custom of fightingduels. Locke. DUELLIST, du'-fl-llst. n. s. A single combatant. Suckling. One who professes to study the rules of honour. Shakspeare. D UE'LLO, du-6l'-l6. n. s. [ltal.] The duel ; the rule of duelling. Shakspeare. DUE'NNA, du-eV-na. n. s. An old woman kept to guard a younger. Arbulhnot. E'T*, du-eV. n. s. [due, ltal.] An air for two per- formers. Mason. DUG § , dug. n. s. [deggia, Icelandick.] A pap ; a nipple. Spenser. The breast. Spenser. DUG, dug. preterit and part. pass, of dig. DUKE $, duke. 376. n. s. [duo, Fr. dux, Lat.] A gen- eral; a leader. Wicliffe. One of the highest order of nobility, next to the royal family. Sliakspear-e. 05= There is a slight deviation often heard in the pro nunciation of this word, as if written doolc ; but tnii borders on vulgarity : the true sound of the u must be carefully preserved, as if written dewk. There is an- other impropriety, in pronouncing this word as if writ- ten jook : this is not so vulgar as the former, and arises from an ignorance of the influence of accent. See Principles, No. 462. W. DU T/ KEDOM, duke'-dum. n.s. The seigniory or pos- sessions of a duke. Shak. The title or quality of a duke. Shakspeare. DU'LBRAINED, d&l'-brand. a. Stupid; doltish; foolish. Shakspeare. DU'LCET, dul'-sel. 99. a. [dulcis, Lat.] Sweet %) the taste; luscious. Hawes. Sweet to the ear; h? rmonious ; melodious. Slutk. Sweet to the mind. B. Jonson. DULCIFICA'TION, dal-se-fe-ka'-shun. n.s. The act of sweetening. Boyle. To DU'LCIFY$, dul'-se-fl. 183. v. a. [dulcifer, Fr.] To sweeten. Brown. DU'LCIMER, dul'-se-mur. 98. n.s. [dolcimello, Skinner.] A musical instrument played by striking the brass wires with little sticks. Dan. iii. DU'LCITUDE*, dul'-se-tude. n.s. Sweetness. Cock- eram. To DU'LCORATE$, dul'-ko-rate. 91. v.a. [dulcor, Lat.] To sweeten. Bacon. To make less acrimo- nious. Wiseman. DULCGRA'TION, dul-k6-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of sweetening. Bacon. DU'LCOUR*, d6K-k6r. n.s. Sweetness. L. Addison. DU'LHEAD, dul'-heU n.s. A blockhead. Ascham. DU'LIA, du'-le-a. 92. [See Latria.] n.s. [66\cia.] An inferiour kind of adoration. Stilling fleet. DULL$, dfil. a. [bole, Sax.] Stupid ; doltish ; block- ish. Hooker. Blunt; obtuse. Herbert. Unready; awkward. Sidney. Hebetated; not quick. St. Matt. xiii. Sadj melancholy. Shak. Sluggish; heavy; slow of motion. Spenser. Gross; cloggy; vile. Shak. Not exhilarating; not delightful: as, To make dictionaries is dull work. Not bright. Shak. Drowsy; sleepy. Not quick in hearing. DULL-BRAlNE^*,dul'-brand. See Dulbrainkd. DULL-BROWED*, dul'-broud. a. Having a melan- choly look or brow. Quarles. DULL-DISPOSED*, dul'-dis-pc-zd. a. Inclined to sadness. B. Jonson. DULL-EYED, dfil'-lde. a. Having a downcast, mel- ancholy look. Shakspeare. DULL-SIGHTED*, dul'-sl'-uld. a. Having weak sight; purblind. Hulcet. DULL-WITTED*, dul'-wit'-ted. a. Gross ; heavy ; not quick. Hubet. To DULL, dfil. v. a. To stupify ; to infatuate. Sid ney. To blunt ; to oblund. Shak. To sadden; to make melancholy. Beaumont and Fletcher. To hebetate ; to weaken. Spenser. To damp ; to clog. Hooker. To make heavy, or slow of motion. Ba- con. To sully brightness. Bacon. To consume in sleep or idleness. Brown. To DULL*, dfil. v. n. To become dull. Chaucer. DU'LLARD,dul'-lard. n.s. A blockhead ; a dolt. Shak. DU'LLARD*, dul'-lard. a. Doltish ; stupid. Bp. Hall. DU' LLED*, d&l'-led. a. Not bright. Spenser. DU'LLER*, dul'-l&r. n. s. That which makes dull, or weakens. Beaumont and Fletcher. DULLY, dul'-le. ad. Stupidly; doltishly. Shak. Slowly ; sluggishly. Shak. Not vigorously ; not 6ayly. Hudibras. ay 'LNESS, dul'-n&s. n. s. Stupidity ; weakness of intellect; indocility. South. Want of quick per- ception. Bacon. Drowsiness; inclination to sleep. Shak. Sluggishness of motion. Dimness; want of lustre. Bluntness; want of edge. DU'LY, du'-le. ad. Properly; fitly; in the due manner. Spenser. Regularly; exactly. Pope. DUMB §, dum. 347. a. [bumb, Sax.] Mute ; incapa- ble of speech. Hooker. Deprived of speech. Dryden. Mute ; not using words. Sluik. Silent ; refusing to speak. Dryden. To DUMB*, dum. v. a. [abumbian, Sax.] To si- lence. Shakspeare. DU'MBLY, dtW-le. ad. Mutely ; silently. Shak. DU'MBNESS, dum'-nSs. n.s. [bumny r re, Sax.] Incapacity to speak. Omission of speecn ; mute- ness. Shak. Refusal to speak ; silence. Dryden. To DU'MFOUND, dum' -found, v.a. To confuse; to strike dumb. Spectator. A low phrase. DU'MMERER*, dum'-mur-ur. n.s. A pretendedly dumb man ; a cheat. Burton. A low word. DU'MMY*, dum 7 -me. n. s. One who is dumb. A low expression. DUMP §, dump. n. 5. [dom, Dutch.] Sorrow ; melan- choly; sadness. Spenser. A melancholy tune or air; an elegy. Shak. Any tune. Sidney. Ab- sence of mina; reverie. Beaumont and Fletcluer. DU'MPISH, dump'-ish. a. Sad ; melancholy. Spenser. DU MPISHLY*, dumpMsh-le. ad. In a moping, melancholy way. Bp. Hall. DU'MPISHNESS*, dumpMsh-ngs. n.s. Sadness j melancholy. Bp. Hall. DU'MPLING, dumpMlng. n. s. A sort of pudding. Dryden. DU'MPY*, dum'-pe. a. Short and thick. Student. DUN, dun. a. [bun. Sax.] A colour partaking of brown and black. Newton. Dark ; gloomy. Shak. To DUN§, dun. v.a. [bunan, Sax.] To claim a debt with vehemence and importunity. Bacon. DUN, dun. n. s. A clamorous, importunate creditor. Phillips. DUN*, dun. n. s. An eminence ; a mound. Johnson. DUNCE §, durise. n. s. [Perhaps a word of reproach first used by the Thomists, from Duns Scotus, their antagonist.] A dullard ; a dolt. Dryden. DUNCERY*, dun'-se-re. n.s. Dulnessj stupidity. Sir T. Smith. To DU'NCIFY*, dfin'-se-fl. v. a. To make a dunce. Warburton. DUNE*, dune. n.s. [Sax.] A hill : vulgarly pro- nounced down. See Down. 319 DUR DUT 0=559.— Fite, far, fall, fat;— me, met ;— pine, p?n ;- DUNG, dung, n. s. [bun^, Sax.] The excrement of animals used to fatten ground. Bacon. To DUNG $, dfing. v. a. [byn£an, Sax.] To manure with dung-. Bacon. To DUNG*, dfing. ?>. n. To void excrement. Sicift. DU'NGED* dfing'-ed. a. Covered with dung. Hall. DU'NGEON $, dun'-jnn. 259. n. s. [from donjon, the tower in which prisoners were kept.] A close prison ; a prison dark or subterraneous. Spenser. To DU'NGEON* diV-jun. v. a. To shut up as in a dungeon. Bp. Hall. DU'NGFORK*, dung'-fSrk. n. s. A fork to toss out dung from stables. Abp. Cranmer. DU'NGHILL, dang'-hll. n.s. A heap or aecumula tion of dung. Shak. Any mean or vile abode. Dryden. Any situation of meanness. Sandys. A term of reproach for a man meanly born. Shak. DU NGH1LL, dung'-h?l. 406. a. Sprung- from the dunghill ; mean 5 low ; base. Spenser. DUNGY, dflng'-e. 409. a. Full of dung; mean; worthless. Shakspeare. DUNGYARD, dung'-yard. n. s. The place of the dunghill. Mortimer. DU'NNER, dun'-nur. 98. n. s. One employed in so- liciting petty debts. Spectator. DU'NNISH*, dun'-nfeh. a. Inclining to a dun colour. Ray. DU'NNY* d&n'-ne. a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. Grose. DU'O*, diV-6. n. s. [Lat.] A song- or piece of musick to be performed & two parts. Mns. Diet. DUODECIMO*, du-6-dey-e-m6. n. s. [Lat.] A book is said to be in duodecimo, when a sheet is folded into twelve leaves. DUODECUPLE,^ du-6-dek'-ku-pl. a. [duo and Arbuthnot. [Lat.] The decuplus, Lat.] Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot. DUODENUM*, du-6-de 7 -num. first of the small intestines. To DUP*. dup. v. a. [do and tip.] To open. Damon and Pythiis. Used only in low language. DUPE§, dupe. n.s. [dupe, Fr.] A credulous man ; a man easily tricked. Swift. To DUPE, dupe. v. a. To trick ; to cheat. Sioift. DU'PLE, du'-pl. a. [duplus, Lat.] Double ; one re- peated. To DUPLICATE $, diV-ple-kke. 91. v. a. [duplico, Lat.] To double. Granville. DUPLICATE, du'-ple-kate. 91. a. Duplicate pro- portion is the proportion of squares. Phi/lips. DUPLICATE*, du'-ple-kate. n. s. Another corre- spondent to the first ; a second thing- of* the same kind. Woodward. DUPLICATION, du-ple-ka'-shun. n.s. The act of doubling. Burton. The act of folding together. A fold ; a doubling. Wiseman. DUPLICATURE, du'-ple-ka-tshure. n. s. A fold ; a nv thing- doubled. Ray. DUPLPCITY. du-plls'-e-te. n.s. Doubleness ; the number of two. Brown. Deceit; doubleness of heart or of tongue. Burke. DURABILITY, du-ra-bll'-e-te. n.s. The power of lasting. Hooker. DU'RABLE M.V-ra-bl.405.a.[*zraM2s,Lat.] Last- ing. Raleigh. Having successive existence. Milton. DU'RABLE^ESS, diV-ra-bl-nes. n.s. Power of lasting; continuance. Bp. Hall. DU'RABLY, du'-ra-ble. ad. In a lasting manner. Sidney. DU'RANCE, du'-ranse. n. s. [duresse, law Fr.] Im- prisonment. Shak. Endurance; continuance; du- ration. Drtiden. A lasting kind of stuff, such as we now call everlasting. Three Ladies of London. DURA'TION, du-ra'-shon. n.s. A sort of distance or length, the idea whereof we get from the fleet- ing and perpetually perishing parts of succession. Locke. Power of continuance. Rogers. Length of continuance. Addison. To DURE$. dure. v.n. [duro, Lat.] To last; to endure. Raleigh. DU REFUL, dure'-ffil. a. Lasting. Spenser. Ob. J. DU'RELESS, dure'-les. a. Without continuance; fading ; short. Raleigh. Ob. J. DURESSE, du'-res. n. s. [Fr.] Imprisonment; constraint. Spenser. [In law.] A plea used by wa}' of exception, by him who, being cast into prison at a man's suit, or otherwise by threats, beating, &c. hardly used, seals any bond to him during his restraint. Cowel. DUTUNG, du'-r?ng. prep. For the time of the con- tinuance of; while any thing lasts. Locke. DU'RIT Y, diY-re-te. n. s. [Sums, Lat.] Hardness ; firmness. Wotton. Harshness ; cruelty ; hardness of mind. Cockeram. DU'ROUS*, diV-rfis. a. Hard. Smith. DURST, durst. The preterit of dare. DUSK §, dusk. a. [duyster, Dutch.] Tending to dark ness. Milton. Tending to blackness; dark-coloured. Milton. DUSK, dusk. n. s. Tendency to darkness. Spectator. darkness of colour. Dryden. To DUSK, dusk. v. a. To make duskish. Marston. To DUSK, dusk. v. n. To grow dark ; to begin to lose light or brightness. Chaucer. DU'SKILY, dfisk'-e-le. ad. With a tendency to dark- ness or blackness. Sherwood. DU SKINESS* dfisk'-e-nes. n. s. Incipient obscuri- ty. Translation of Boetms. DU'SKISH, dusk'-?sh. a. Inclining to darkness. Spenser. Tending to blackness. Wotton. DUSKISHLY, dusk'-?sh-le. ad. Cloudily ; darkly. Bacon. DU'SKISHNESS*, dusk'-ish-nes. n. s. Approach to darkness. More. DU'SKNESS*, dusk'-nes. n.s. Dimness. Sir T. Ehjot. DU'SKY, d&sk'-e. a. Tending to darkness. Shak. Tending to blackness. Shak. Gloomy ; sad ; in- tellectually clouded. Bentley. DUST§, dfist. n.s. [burt, Sax.] Earth or other matter reduced to small particles. Shak. The grave ; the state of dissolution. Milton.. A mean and dejected state. 1 Sam. ii. To DUST, dfist. v. a. To free from dust. To sprinkle with dust. Shenrood. 2 Sam. xvi. To levigate; tc separate by a sieve. Sprat. DU'STER^dfis'-r&r. n.s. That which frees from dust. Cotgrqve. In making gunpowder, a sieve so called ; a sifter. Sprat. DUSTINESS*, dfis'-te-nes. n. s. The slate of being covered with dust. Graves. DU'STMAN, dfist'-man. 88. ». s. One whose employ- ment is to carry away the dust. Gay. DU'STY, diV-te. a. Filled with dust ; clouded with dust. Sha/c. Covered or scattered with dust. Thomson. DUTCH*, dutsh. n. s. The people of Holland. The Dutch language. Verstegan. DU TCHESS, dutsh'-es. n. s. [duchesse, Fr.] The lady of a duke. Shak. A lady who has the sove- ' reignty of a dukedom. Hume. A lady raised to the rank of dulchess by the king. Shakspeare. DU'TCHY, d&tsh'-e. n.s. [duche, Fr.] A territory which gives title to a duke. Addison. DU'TCHYCOURT, dfitsh'-e-kirt. n. s. A court wherein all matters appertaining to the dutchy of Lancaster are decided. Cowel. DU TEOUS, du'-te-us, or du'-tshe-fis. 263, 294, a. Obedient ; obsequious. Dryden. Obsequious; obe- dient to good or bad purposes. Shak. Enjoined by duty. Shaksjieare. DU'TIFUL, du'-te-ful. a. Obedient ; submissive to natural or legal superiours; reverent. Swift. Ex- pressive of respect. Sidney. DU TIFULLY, ..u'-te-f&l-e. ad. Obediently ; sub- missively. Reverentlv ; respectfully. Sidrmj. DU'TIFULNESS, diV-te-ful-nes. n. s. Obedience ; submission to just authority. Dryden. Reverence 5 respect. Bp. Taylor. DU y TY$, du'-te. n. s. [from due.] That to which a man is by any natural or legal obligation bound. St. Luke, xvii. Acts or forbearances required by religion or morality. Shak. Obedience or sub mission due to parents, governours, or superiours Sliak. Act of reverence or respect. Spenser. The DYE DYS -nA, move, n6r, not ;— tube, tftb, bull ;— 6il ;— pdund ; — thin, this. business of a soldier on guard. Clarendon. The business of war ; service. Clarendon. Tax 3 im- post ; custom ; toll. Addison. DUU'MYIRATE*, du-um'-ve-rite. ». s. [ditwnvi- ratus, Lat.] A government or jurisdiction among the Romans, exercised bv two. DWALE*, dwale. n. s. [diealen, Germ.l The dead- ly herb nightshade. Chaucer. [In heraldry.] Sable or black colour. DWARFS, dwSrf. n. s. [bpeop.^, Sax.] A man be- low the common size of men. Sluik. Any animal or plant below its natural bulk. L' Estrange. An attendant on a lady or knight in romances. Spen- ser. To DWARF, dw6rf. v. a. To hinder from growing to the natural bulk. Bacon. 1) WA RFISH, dworfMsh. a. Below the natural bulk : low; small; little. Shakspeare. DWA RFISHLY. dw6rf-lsh-le. ad. Like a dwarf, j DWA RFISHNESS. dw6rf-ish-nes. n.s. Minute- ness of stature ; littleness. Bp. Taylor. To DWAULE, dwawl. v. a. [bpelfan, Sax.] To be ! delirious. Junius. To DWELL §, dwel. r. n .preterit dicelt, or dwelled, i [dtuud, old Teutonick.l To remain. Spenser. To j inhabit; to live in a place. Lev. xxv. To live in j any form of habitation. Heb. xi. To be in anv slat* or condition. Sliak. To be suspended with attention; to hang upon with care or fondness. Spenser. To continue long speaking. Dryden. To DWELL, dwel. v. a. To inhabit. Milton. DWE'LLER, dwel'-lfir. 93. n. s. An inhabitant. Bacon. DWELLING, dweT-llng. n. s. Habitation ; place of residence; abode. Spenser. State of life; mode of living. Daniel, iv. DWE'LLLNGHOUSE, dwelMlng-house. n. s. The house in which one lives. Aylijie. DWELLLNGPLACE, dwelMing-plase. n.s. The place of residence. Spenser. To D\\TNDLE§, dw?nd'-dl. 405. v.n. [fcpman, Sax.] To shrink; to lose bulk; to grow little. Ad- dison. To degenerate; to sink. Bentley. To wear away; to lose health. Shakspeare. To DWI'NDLE*. dwlnd'-dl. v. a. To make less. Thomson. To sink; to bring low. Norris. To break ; to disperse. Clarendon. DWINDLED*, dwlnd'-dld. jaw*, a. Shrunk; fallen away. Bp. Taylor. DYE.'n. s. See Die. To DYE*, v. a. See To Die. DYER*, n. s. See Dier. DYING*, dl'-hig. n. * The art of tinging cloth, shift or other matter, witr a permanent colour. Sir W Petty. DYI.NG.dlMng. part. Tinging. Sir W. Petty. DYING, di -mg. The participle of die. Expiring Heb. xi. DY'ING*, dl'-ing. re. s. Death. 2 Cor. iv. DY'INGLY*, dl'-Ing-le. ad. As at the moment of fiving up the ghost. Beaumont and Fletcher. KE*. See Dike. DY NAST §*, dl'-nast, or din'-ast. re. s. [twaon^.] A ruler; a governour. Cockeram. A dynasty; a fovernment. Gregory. NASTY, dl'-nas-te, or dln'-as-te. n. s. Govern- ment ; sovereignty. Hale. A race or family of rulers. Reeves. §£r All our orthoepists, except Mr. Elphinston and Entick, adopt the first pronunciation ; but analogy is, in my opinion, clearly for tho last. 503. W. DY'SCRASY", dis'-kra-se. n. s. [Svcicpama.] An un- equal mixture of elements in the blood ; a distem- perature. Se> T. Elvot. DYSE'NTERY, dis'-sen-ter-e. re. s. [awEvrcpis.] A looseness, wherein ill humours flow off by stool, and are sometimes attended with blood. Arbuthnot 05= Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, and Buchanan, accent this word on the second syllable ; and Mr. Sheri- dan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott. W. Johnston, Perry, Entick, and Bailey, on the first. That this is in possession of the best usage I have not the least doubt ; and that it is agreeable to the analogy of accenting words from the learned languages, which we naturalize by dropping a syllable, is evident from the numerous class of words of the same kind. — See Academy, Incomparable, &e. A collateral proof, too, that this is the true pronunciation is, that mesentery, a word of the same form, is by all the above-mentioned lexicographers who have the word, except Bailey, accented on the first syllable. W. DYSNOMY"*, dV-no-me. n. s. j><7vo/ig-h6us. n. s. A house where provisions are sold ready dressed. L'Estrange. EAVES §, evz. 227. n.s. [epere, Sax. or the old Fr. ahv or eve.] The edges of the roof which overhang the house. Shakspeare. To EAVESDROP, evz'-drop. v. n. To catch what comes from the eaves; in common phrase, to listen under windows. Milton. EAVESDROPPER, evz'-drop'-pur. n. s. An insid- ious listener. Shakspeare. EBBS, 3b. n. s. [ebba, Sax.'J The reflux of the tide towards the sea : opposed to flow. Beaumont and Fletcher. Decline ; decay ; waste. Spenser. To EBB, £b. v. n. To flow back towards the sea Sliakspeare. To decline ; to decay. Shakspeare, E'BBING*, eV-bing. n. s. The reflux of the tide to- wards the sea. Huloet. E'BIONITE*, e^be-un-ite. n. s. [Ebion, Hebrew.] One of a sect of hereticks who denied the divinity of our Saviour, and asserted that he was a mere man ; and who rejected many parts of Scripture. Whithy. E'BIONITE*, e'-be-Sn-ite. a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. Whiston. E'BEN, eV-ben. ) n, s. [c/W.] A hard, heavy, E'BON, eV-ftn. > black, valuable wood, which E'BONY, eb'-6-n£. ) admits a fine gloss. Moxon. Dark; black. S: Shak. Made of [ebrietas, Lat.] Drunk - E'BON* eV-fin ebony. Prior EBRFETY, e-brl'-e-te. enness. Brown. EBRI'LLADE, e-bril'-lade. n. s. [Fr.] A check of the bridle, which a horseman gives a horse, by a jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn. EBRIO'SITY, e-bre-ds'-e-te. n. s. Habitual drunk- enness. Broivn. EBULLIENCY f , e-buF-yen-se. n. s. [ebullio, Lat.] A boiling over. Cudworth. EBULLIENT* e-bul'-y&it. a. Boiling over. Young. EBULLPTION, eh-fll-flsh'-fin. 177. n.s. The act of boiling up with heat. Smith. Any intestine mo- tion. Bacon. That effervescence which arises from the mingling together any alkalizate and acid li- quor. Quincy. ECCE'NTRICK §, ek-seV-trlk. ) a. [eccentricus, ECCENTRICAL §, ek-sen'-tre-kal. J Lat.] Devia- ting from the centre. Not having the same centre with another circle. Milton. Not terminating in the same point. Irregular : anomalous. King Cliarles. ECCENTRFCITY, ek-sSn-trV-e-te. n. s. Deviation from a centre. The state of having a different centre from another circle. Brown. Excursion from the proper orb. Wotton. Deviation from es- tablished methods ; particularity ; irregularity. Johnson. ECCE NTRICK*, gk-senMrfk. n. s. A circle not having the same centre with another circle. Boom. That which deviates from usual or common occur rence. Hammond. not unwilling. Dryden. 1 1 ECCHY'MOSIS, ek-ke-roo'-s?s. 520. n. s. [cw/m- ECL EDG O* 559.— Fate, fir, fall, fat 5— me, mel 5— pine, pin ;— ; echo, Lat.] Echo was supposed to have been once a nymph, who pined into a sound. Sid7iey. The return or repercussion Gfanv sound. Bacon. The sound returned. Shak. To ECHO, eV-k6. y. n. To resound ; to give the re- percussion of a voice. Sliak. To be sounded back. Blackmore. To E'CHO, ek'-ko. v. a. To send back a voice. De- cay of Piety. ECHO'METER*, c-kom'-e-tur. n. s. [!, X os and ui- rpov.~\ [In musick.] A kind of scale, serving to meas- ure the duration of sounds. Cliambers. ECHO'METRY*, e-kom'-e-tre. n. s. The art of making vaults or arches so as to produce an artifi- cial echo. ECLAIRCTSSEMENT, ek-klare'-slz-ment. n.s. [Fr.] Explanation ; the act of clearing up an affair. Clarendon. 55° This word, though long in use, is not yet naturalized, j Every syllable but the last may be perfectly pronounced I by an Englishman who does not speak French ; but this | syllable, having a nasal vowel, not followed by hard c i or g-, (see Encore,) is an insuperable difficulty: the! nearest sound to it would perhaps be to make it rhyme I with long and strong. But a speaker would, perhaps, I risk less by pronouncing it like an English word at I once, than to imitate the French sound awkwardly. W. ECL A' T, e-klaw'. 472. n.s. [Fr.] Splendour ; show ; \ lustre. Pope. ECLE'CTlCK^ek-lek'-Uk.n.s. [f/cXfWoj.] One of those ancient philosophers, who, without attach- ing themselves to any particular sect, took from any what they judged good. Dnjden. One of a sect in the Christian church, who considered the doctrine of Plato conformable to the spirit of the Christian. One of a sect of physicians amon? the ancients ECLE'CTICK, ek-lek'-tik. a. Selecting. Watts. ' ECLEGM, ek-lem'. n. s. \sk and \h X civ.] A form of medicine made by the incorporation of oils with sirups. Quincy. ECLFPSE §, e-kllps'. n. s. [«Aa7ror< s .] An obscura- tion of the luminaries of heaven. Locke. Darkness ; obscuration. Raleigh. To ECLFPSE, e-kllps'. v. a. To darken a luminary. Sandys. To extinguish 3 to put out. Sliak. To cloud; to obscure. Sidney. To disgrace. Claren- don. To ECLFPSE*, e-kflps'. v. n. To suffer an eclipse. Milton. ECLFPTICK, e-klV-dk. n.s. A great circle of the sphere, supposed to be drawn through the middle of the zodiack, and making an angle with the equinoctial, in the points of aries and libra, of 23° SO 7 , which is the sun's greatest declination Harris ECLFPTICK, e-klfp'-tik. a. Described by the eclip- tick line. Blackmore. Suffering an eclipse ; ob scured. Sir T. Herbert. E CLOGUE, ek'-l&g. 338. n. s. [hXoyr,.] A pastoral poem. Sidney. ECONOMICAL, gk-ko-n6m'-e-kal. ) a. Pertaining ECONO'MICK, ek'-ki-n&nV-lk.SSO. \ to the regu- lation of a household. Davies. Frugal. Wotlon. ECONO'MICKS* ek-k6-n&m'-iks. n.s. What apply to the management of household affairs. Wotton. ECONOMIST*, e-kdn'-o-mfst. n. s. One who is a good manager of affairs ; frugal and discreet. Wot- ton. To ECONOMIZE*, e-k6n'-6-mlze. v. a. To employ with economy. ECO NOMY §, e-k6n'-6-me. 296, 518. n.s. [olKovopia.] The management of a family. Bp. Taylor. Dis- tribution of expense. Dry den. t rugality ; discre- tion of expense. Swift. Disposition of things; reg- ulation. Hammond. The disposition or arrange- ment of any work. B. Jonson. System of matter. Blackmore. ECPHRACTlCKS^k-frak'-tlks. n.s. [h and

EDUCE §, e-duse'.v.a. [educo, Lat.] To bring out ; to extract. Bp. Hall. EDUCTION, e-duk'-sh&n. n. s. The act of bring- ing any thing into view, or bringing out. Slierwood. To EDULCORATES, e-dul'-ki-riue. v. a. [dul- coro, Lat.] To sweeten. Evehjn. EDULCORA'TION, e-dul-k6-ra'-shfin. n.s. The act of sweetening. [In chymistry.] The freshen- ing or purging any thing of its salts, by repeated lotions. Cliambers. [In metallurgy.] The sepa- rating the salts that have been lelt adhering to a body after any operation. Cliambers. EDl/LCORATIVE*, e-dul'-k6-ra-dv. a. Having the quality of sweetening. EDU'LIOUS*, e-dul'-yfis. a. [edulium, Lat.] Eata- ble. Sir T. Brovm. To EEK, eek. v. a. [eacan, Sax.] To supply any deficiency. To make bigger by tne addition of an- other piece. Spe-nser. See Eke. EE'KING*, eek'-mg. n. s. Augmentation. Spenser. EEL, eel. n.s. [eel, Sax.] A serpentine, slimy fish, that lurks in mud. Shakspeare. EE'LPOUT*, eel'-p6ut. n.s. A fish of the eel kind; burbot. E'EN, een. ad. Contracted from even. EFF, ef. n. s. A small lizard. ETFABLE, ef-fa-bl. 405. a. [effabilis, Lat.] Ex- pressive; utterable. Wallis. To EFFACE, ef-fase'. v. a. [effacer, Fr.] To de- stroy any thing painted or carved. To blow out ; to strike out. Locke. To destroy ; to wear away. Dryden. $*p° The strong tendency of the vowel to open, when il terminates a syllable, immediately before the accent, makes us frequently hear the e in these words, when the accent is on the second syllable, prononnced as open as if there were but one /. The same may be observed of the in occasion, offence, official, &c. This i3 cer- tainly a deviation from rule; but it is so general, and so agreeable to the ear, as to be a distinguishing mark of elegant pronunciation. W. To EFFA'SCINATE $*, ef-fas'-se-nite. v. a. To bewitch ; to charm. Cockeram. EFFASCINA'TION*, ef-fas-se-na'-shun. n.s. The state of being bewitched or deluded. Slielford. EFFECT §, ef-fekr'. 98. n. s. [effectus, Lat.] That which is produced by an operating cause. Sidney. Consequence; event. Bacon. Purpose; meaning; general intent. 2 Chron. Consequence intended; success. Gal. v. Completion; perfection. Sidney. Reality. Hooker. In the plural : goods; mova- bles. Sha/cspeare. To EFFECT, ef-fekt'. v. a. To bring to pass. 2 Chron. vii. To produce as a cause. Boyle. EFFECTER*. See Effector. EFFECT1BLE, ef-fek'-te-bl. a. Performable ; prac- ticable; feasible. Broun. EFFECTION*, ef-fek'-shun. n.s. [In geometry.] A construction ; a proposition ; a problem, or prax- is, drawn from some general proposition. Ash. EFFECTIVE, ef-fek'-tiv. a. Having the power to produce effects ; efficacious; effectual. Bacon. Ope- rative; active. Brown. Producing effects ; efficient. Bp. Taylor. Having the power of operation ; use- ful : as, effective men in an army. EFFECTIVELY, ef-fek'-tiv-le. ad. Powerfully; with real operation. Bp. Taylor. EFFECTLESS, ef-fekt'-les. a. Without effect 5 im- potent; useless. Sha/cspeare. EFFECTOR, ef-fek'-tCr. 166. n. s. He that pro- duces any effect; performer. Spenser. Maker; Creator. Derham. EFFECTUAL, ef-fek'-tshu-al. 463. a. Productive of effects; powerful to a degree adequate to the 325 EFF EGE O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— roe, irugt y— pine, p?n ;— occasion; efficacious. Hooker. Veracious; ex- pressive of facts. Sfiakspeare. EFFECTUALLY, Sf-feV-tshu-al-le. ad- In a man- ner productive of the consequence intended; effi- caciously. South. EFFF/CTUALNESS^ef-fSk'-tshu-al-nes. n.s. The quality of being- effectual. Scott. To EFFECTUATE, gf-fek'-tshu-ate. v. a. To bring to pass ; to fulfil. Sidney. EFFECTUOUS*, ef-fek'-tshu-us. a. Effectual. Bar- ret. Ob. T. EFFECTUOUSLY* ef-fgk'-tshu-us-le. ad. Effect- ually. Stapleton. Ob. T. EFFEMINACY, eT-feW-e-na-se. n.s. Admission of the qualities of a woman; softness; unmanly delicacy. Mi/ton. Lasciviousness ; loose pleasure. Bp. Taylor. EFFE'MINATEMf-fem'-e-nate. 91. a. [effemina- tus, Lat.] Having the qualities of a woman ; wo- manish ; voluptuous ; tender. Bacon. Resembling the practice of a woman. Sfiak. Womanlike. Sliak- speare. To EFFE'MINATE, ef-fem'-e-nate. 91, 98. v. a. To make womanish ; to weaken ; to emasculate ; to unman Fanshawe. To EFFEMINATE, ef-fem'-e-nate. v. n. To grow womanish ; to soften ; to melt into weakness. Pope. EFFEMINATELY*, ef-feW-e-nate-le. ad. Weak- ly ; softly ; in an unmanly degree. Whitloclc. By womanish arts. Milton.. EFFE'MINATENESS*, ef-feW-e-nate-nes. Unmanly softness. Sidney. EFFEMINA'TION, ef-fem-e-na'-shun. n. s. The state of one grown womanish; the state of one emasculated or unmanned. Brown. To EFFERVESCE §, ef-fer-veV. v.n. [effervesco, Lat.] To generate heat bv intestine motion. Mead. EFFERVESCENCE, ef-fer-veV-sense. 510. n. s. Tiie act of growing hot; production of heat by in- testine motion. Grew. E'FFEROUS*, ef-fe-rfis. a. [e ferns, Lat.] Fierce; wild; savage. Bp. Kins;. Ob. T. EFFETE, ef-fete'. a. [ejfoskus, Lat.] Barren ; dis- abled from generation. Ray. Worn out with age. South. EFFICACIOUS §, eY-fe-ka'-shfis. a. [ejlcace, Fr.] Productive of effects; powerful to produce the con- sequence intended. Milton. EFFICACIOUSLY, ef-fe-ka'-shus-le. ad. Effect- ually. Dis;by. EFFICACIOUSNESS*, ef-fe-ka'-shus-nes. n. s. The quality of being efficacious. Ash. EFFICACY, eT-fe-ka-se. n.s. Power to produce effects ; production of the consequence intended. Hooker. EFFICIENCE, gf-flsh'-yeW ) 98. n. s. [efficio, EFFICIENCY, Sf-flsh'-ySn-se. \ Lat.] The act of producing effects; agency. Hooker. EFFICIENT, ef-f Jsh'-yent. n. s. The cause which makes effects to be what they are. Hooker. He that makes; the effector. Hale. EFFICIENT, ef-flsh'-yent. 113. a. Causing ef- fects. Collier. EFFICIENTLY*, ef-ffsh'-yent-le. ad. Effectively. Smth. To EFFIE'RCE* ef-feerse'. v. a. To make fierce or furious. Spenser. To EFFICIATES, ef-frd'-je-ate. v. a. [effigio, Lat.] To form in semblance ; to image. Dean Kins;. EFFIGIA'TION, ef-fid'-je-a'-shun. n. s. The act of imaging. Diet. EFFICIES, eY-fld'-jes. )n. s. [effi.gks, Lat.] Re- E'FFIGY, ef-fe-je. S semblance; image in painting or sculpture. Dryden. To EFFLACITATE*, ef-flad'-je-tate. v. a. [effla- gito, Lat.] To demand a thing earnestly. Cockeram. To EFFLA'TE*, eT-flate'. v. a. [efflo, Lat.] To fill with the breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert. EFFLORESCENCE, ef-fl6-reY-sense. J 510. ?i. s. EFFLORESCENCY, eY-flo-reV-sln-se. $ [efllores- co, Lat.] Production of flowers. Bacon. Excres- cences in the form of flowers Woodward. [In physick.1 The breaking out of some humours in the skin. Wit EFFLORESCENT, ef-fli-res'-s&it. a Shooting out in form of flowers. Woodxcard. E'FFLUENCE$, Sf-flu-ense. n.s. [effluence, Fr.] That which issues from some other principle. Milton. E'FFLUENT*, & ? -flu-ent. a. Inflammatory. Chamb. EFFLU'VIA, ef-flu'-vc-a. )n. ?. Those small EFFLU'VIUM, eY-flu'-ve-urn. \ particles which are continually flying off from bodies. Brown. E'FFLUX, ef'-fl&ks. 492. n. s. The act of flowing out. Harvey. Effusion j flow. Hammond. That which flows from something else ; emanation. More. To EFFLUX, e'f-fluks'. 98. v.n. To run out; to flow away. Boyle. EFFLUXION, Sf-fluk'-shSn. n. s. The act of flow- ing out. Brown. Effluvium ; emanation. Bacon. T^EFFORCE, ef-f6rse'. v. a. [eforcer, Fr.] To force ; to break through by violence. Spenser. To ravish ; to violate by force. Spenser. To strain. Spenser. To EFFO'RM$, ef-form'. v. a. [efformo, Lat.] To make in any certain manner; to shape; to fashion. Bp. Taylor. EFFORMA'TION, eY-f6r-ma/-shun. n. s. Fashion- ing or giving form to. More. E'FFORT, eY-fort. n. s. Struggle ; strain; vehement action ; laborious endeavour. Addison. EFFOSSION, ef-fosh'-un. n.s. [effodio, Lat.] Dig- ging up from the ground ; delerration. Arbuthnot. EFFRA'IABLE*. eT-fnV-a-bl. a. [efiroyable, Fr.] Dreadful; frightful. Harverj. Ob. T. To EFFRA'Y §*. ef-fra'. v. a. [efirayer, Fr.] To af- fright; to senre. Spenser. EFFRENA'TION*. ef-fi^-na'-shun. n. s. [etframa- tio, Lat.] Unruliness; unbridled rashness." Cocke- E'FFRONTERY, ef-fr&n'-ter-e. n.s. [effronterie, Fr.] Impudence; shamelessness. Watts. To EFFU'LGEMf-fulje'. v. n. Uffulgeo, Lat.] To send forth lustre or effulgence. Tliomson. EFFU'LGENCE, £f-f&F-jense. 98, 177. n. s. Lustre; brightness. Milton. EFFU'LGENT^f-ful'-jent. a. Shining; bright; lu- minous. Blackmore. To EFFUME $*, ef-fiW. v. a. [fumiis, Lat.] To breathe or puff out. B. Jonson. EFFUMABI'LITY, ef-fu-ma-b?l'-e-te. ?i. s. The quality of flying away, or vapouring in fumes. Boyle. To EFFU'ND*, Sf-f&nd'. v. a. [effundo, Lat.] To Dourout. More. Ob. T. To EFFUSE ^ef-fuze'. 437. v. a. [efusus, Lat.] To pour out ; to spill ; to shed. Milton. EFFUSE, gf-fiW. n.s. Waste, effusion. Sliak. Ob. J. EFFUSE* ef-fiW. a. Dissipated; extravagant. Bp. Richardson. EFFUSION, Sf-fiV-zhun. 98. n. s. The act of pour- ing out. Shak. Waste ; the act of spilling or shed- ding. Hooker. The act of pouring out words. Hooker. Bounteous donation. Hammond. The thing poured out. K. Charles. EFFUSIVE, ef-fiV-slv. 499, 428. a. Pouring out dispersing. Tliomson. EFT, eTt. n. s. [epefca, SaxJ A newt. EFT§, eft. ad. [ejrfc, Sax.] Soon; quickly. Spenser. Oh. J. E'FTSOONS, M-s66nz'. ad. fepfc and r-oon,Sax.] Soon afterwards ; in a short time ; again. Spenser. Ob. J. E. G. [exempli gratia.'] For the sake of an instance or example. ECER, e'-gfir. n. s. An impetuous or irregular flood or tide. Brown. To EGE'RMINATE*, e-jeV-mc-nate. v.n. [eger- mino, Lat.] To spring or bud out. Cockeram. 7\>EGEST§, e-jSst'. v. a. [egero, Lat.] To throw out food at the natural vents. Bacon. EGESTION, e-jeV-tsh&n. 464. n.s. Throwing out the digested food at the natural vents. Foiherby. 326 EIG ELA — 116, move, ndr, n6t ;— tube, tab, bfiU ; — o?l }— pound ;— thin, THis. EGGS, eg. n. s. [«£, Sax.] That which is laid by feathered and some other animals, from whirl their young is produced. Bacon. The spawn or sperm. Shak. Any thing fashioned in the shape of an egg x Boyle. To EGG, €g. v. a. [ eggia, Icelandick.] To incite ; to instigate. Chancer. E'GGER*, ^g'-gfir. n. s. Oue who incites. Sherwood. E'GGERY* eg'-ge-re. See Eyry. EGGING*, ig'-ging. n. s. Incitement. Cleaveland. EGILO'PICAL*, e3e-l6p'-e-kal. a. [cegilops, Lat.] Affected with the aegilops, or tending to it. E'GILOPS*. See^EciLOPS. E'GIS* SeeJEcis. E GLANTlNE,eg'-lan-dn. 150. n.s. {esglantier, Fr.] A species of rose ; sweet-briar. Shalcspeare. E GLOGUE*. See jEglogue. EGOISM*, e'-g6-?zm. in. s. [ego, Lat.] The E GOM1SM*, e'-go-mizm. \ opinion of those, who profess themselves uncertain of every thing but their own existence. Baxter. E'GOIST*, e'-go-ist. n. s. A skeptick ; one who pre- teuds to doubt of every thing but his own existence. Reid. EGOTISM, e'-gi-tlzm. n. s. The fault committed in writing by the frequent repetition of the word Spectator. {£?* Contrary to ray own judgement, I have made the e in the first syllable of this word long, because I see it is uniformly so marked in all the dictionaries I have seen : but I am much mistaken if analogy does not in time recover her rights, and shorten this vowe! by join- ing it to the g, as if written eg-o-tism ; not because this vowel is short in the Latin ego, (for the English quan- tity has very little to do with the Latin,) but because the word may be looked upon as a simple in our lan- guage, and the accent is on the antepenultimate sylla- ble. Mr. Elpliinston, whose opinion in this point is of the greatest weight, makes the first vowel short. — See Principles, No. 511, 530, 536. W. ego, or I; too frequent mention of a man's self. EGOTIST, e'-g6-dst. n.s. One that is always re- pealing the word ego, I; a talker of himself. Sped. EGOTFSTICAL*, e-go-ds'-te-kal. a. Self-conceit- ed. To EGOTIZE, e'-go-tize. v.n. To talk much of one's self. EGREGIOUS S, e-gre'-je-fis. a. [egregius, Lat.] Eminent; remarkable; extraordinary. Raleigh. Eminently bad ; remarkably vicious. Hooker. EGREGlOUSLY, e-gre'-je-as-le. ad. Eminently) shamefully. Shakspeare. EGREGIOUSNESS* e-gre'-je-us-n^s. n. s. The state of being eminent. Shenc'ood. E GRESS, e'-grSs. n. 5. [egressus, Lat.] The power or act of going out of any place ; departure. Sliak. EGRESSION, e-grgsh'-un. n. s. The act of going out. B. Jonson. EGRET, e'-grtt. n. s. A fowl of the heron kind. Bailey. A feather of the fowl. B. Jonson. EGRIMONY*, eg'-re-mun-ne. n. s. The herb agri- monv. Cotgrave. Great sorrow ; grief. Cockeram. EGRIOT, e'-gre-ot. n. s. [aigret, Fr.] A species of cherry. Bacon. EGYPTIANS* e-j?p'-she-ans. n. s. [from Egypt.] Gipsies. Sherwood. EFDER* l'-dfir. ? n. s. [eider, Swed.] EFDER-DOWN*,r'-dar-ddi , ln. S The down of a Gothland duck, called eider. Pennant. EIGH, ay. interj. An expression of sudden delight. EIGHT*, ayt. n. s. [i^aS, Sax.] An island in a river. Evelyn. EIGHTS, ayt. a. [eahfca, Sax.] Twice four. A word of number. Sandys. #5° The genuine aound of the diphthong in this word and its compounds does not seem to be that of the first sound of a, which Mr. Sheridan has given it under the second sound of e, but a combination of the first sound of a and t pronounced as closely together as possible. Bot, as this distinction is very delicate, and may not be more easily apprehended than that between meat and meet, 246, I have given the diphthong the same sound as Mr, Sheridan has done. W. EIGHTH, kyith. a. [ehteoSa, Sax.] Next in order to the seventh ; the ordinal of eight. Slink* speare. #C7~ This word, as it ia written, by no means conveys the sound annexed to it in speaking: for the abstract ter- mination th, beiug a perfect lisp, is quite distinct from the final t of eight, and can never coalesce with it with- out depriving the word of one of its letters. The only sound conveyed by the letters of this word, as now spelt, is as if written oyth •. and if we would spell this sound as we pronounce it, and as the analogy of formation certainly requires, we must necessarily write it eightth. This would have an unusual appearance to the eye ; and this would be a sufficient reason with the multitude for opposing it; but men of sense ought to consider, that the credit of the language is concerned in rectify- ing this radical fault in its orthography. W. EIGHTEEN, av'-teen. a. Twice nine. Shakspeare. EIGHTEENTH, ay'-teentfi. a. The next in order to the seventeenth. 1 Kings. EIGHTFOLD, ayt'-fold. a. Eight times the number or quantity. EIGHTHLY, ayu7i'-le. ad. In the eighth place. Ba- con. EIGHTIETH, ay'-te-M. a. The next in order to the seventy-ninth. Wilkins. EIGHTSCORE, ayt'-sk6re. a. Eight times twenty. Sliakspeare. EIGHTY, iy'-te. a. Eight times ten. Shakspeare. EIGNE, ane. a. \aisne, Fr.] [In law.] The eldest or first born. Bacon. EILD*. See Eld. EFSEL, e'-sil. n.s. [eiril, Sax.] Vinegar; verjuice. Sir T. More. B . • EFTHER, e'-THfir. pron. [e#Sep, Sax.] Which- soever of the two ; whether one or the other. Shak. Each ; both. Hah. Any of an indeterminate num- ber. Bacon. EFTHER, e'-THfir. 252. ad. A distributive adverb, answered by or ; either the one or. It sometimes stands by itself, in the sense of or. Bacon. To EJACULATES, e-jak'-u-Iate. v. a. [ejaculor. Lat.] To throw ; to shoot ; to dart out. Giew. EJACULATION, e-jak-u-la'-shfin. n. s. The act of darting or throwing out. Bacon. A short prayer darted out occasionally. Bp. Taylor. EJAGULATORY^-iak'-u-la-tfir-e. a. Throwing out. Smith. Suddenly darted out 3 uttered in short sentences. Duppa. Sudden; hasty. L' Es- trange. To EJECTS, e-j£kt'. v. a. [ejicio, ejectum, Lat.] Tc throw out; to cast forth; to void. Sandys. Tc throw out or expel frcm an office or possession. Milton. To expel ; to drive away. Sha/ljpeare. To cast away ; to reject. Hooker. EJECTION, e-jeV-shun. n. 5. Casting out ; explo- sion. Bp. Hall. [In physickj The discharge of anv thing by an emunctory. Quincy. EJECTMENT, e-je'kt'-ment. n. s. A legal writ by which any inhabitant of a house, or tenant of an es> tate, is commanded to depart. Expulsion in gen« eral. Bp. Fleetwood. EJULA'TION, gd-ju-la'-shfin. n. s. [ejulxtio, Lat.] Outcry ; lamentation ; moan ; wailing, government of the Tongue. To EKE S, eke. v. a. [eacan, Sax.l To increase. Shak. To supply ; to fill up deficiencies. Sliak. To protract ; to lengthen. SfiaJc. To spin out by useless additions. Pope. EKE, eke. conjunct, [eac, Sax.] Also 3 likewise 3 be- side ; moreover. Spenser. EKE*, eke. n. s. An addition. Geddes. E'KING* e'-k?ng. n. s. Increase. E-LA*, e-la 7 . n. s. The highest note in the scale of musick. To ELABORATES, e-lab'-6-rate. v. a. [elaboro. Lat.] To produce with labour. Young. To heighten and improve by successive endeavours or operations. Arbuthnot. ELABORATE, e-lab'-6-rate. 91. a. Finished with great diligence. Milton. ELABORATELY, e-lauV-6-rate-le. ad. Laborious iy j with great study or labour. South. ELE ELE O" 559.— Fate, fir, fill, fat ;— me, mk ;— pme, pin ELABORATENESS*, e-lab'-o-rate-nSs. n.s. Com- pletion by successive endeavours. Johnson. ELABORATION, e-lab-o-ra'-sh&n. n.s. Improve- ment by successive operations. Ray. ELA'BORATORY*, e-lab'-o-ra-tftr-e. n.s. [ekbo- ratoire, Fr.] A chymist's work-room. Life of A. Wood. ELA / MPING*,e-lamp / -?nff.a. [lampante. ltal.] Shin- ing ; giving light. G. Fletcher. Ob. T. To ELA'NCE, e-lanse'. v. a. [elmtcer, Fr.] To throw out ; to dart. Prior. To ELA'PSE, e-lapse'. v. n. [elapsus, Lat.] To pass away ; to glide awav. Ricluxrdson. ELA'STlCAL^e-las'-te-kal. )a. [fXaw.] Having ELA'STICK§, e-las'-tik. ) th . e power of re- turning to the form, from which it is distorted or withheld ; springy ; having the power of a spring. Newton. ELASTICITY, e-las-tis'-e-te. n.s. Force in bodies, by which they endeavour to restore themselves to the posture from whence they were displaced by any external force. Arhdhnot. ELA'TE$, e-late'. a. [elatus,Lat] Flushed with suc- cess 5 lofty 5 haughty. Chaucer. To ELA'TE, e-late'. v. a. To elevate with success 5 to puff up with prosperity. Hume. To exalt 5 to heighten. Thomson. ELATEDLY*, e-la'-tgd-le. ad. In a conceited man- ner, arising from success. Feltham. ELATE 1 RJUM^X-Uh'-r^m. n.s. [Lat.] An in- spissated juice, procured from the fruit of the wild cucumber; a very violent purge. Hill. ELATION, £-la/-shftn. n. s. Haughtiness proceeding from success. Atterbury. E'LBOW*, el'-bo. 327. n. s. [elbo^a, Sax.] The next joint or curvature of the arm below the shoul- der. Pope. Any flexure, or angle. Bacon. — To be at the elbow. To be near. Slxakspeare. To E'LBOW, eT-bo. v. a. To push with the elbow. DryderL To push ; to drive to a distance. Shak- speare. To E'LBOW, eT-b6. v.n. To jut out in angles. Diet. To clash; tojustle; to be quarrelsome. Manny ng- ham. ELBOWCHA'IR, el-b6-tshare'. n.s. A chair with arms to support the elbows. Gay. E'LBOWROOM, eT-bo-roSm. n.s. Room to stretch out the elbows on each side ; freedom from confine- ment. Sliakspeare. ELD 4, &d. n. s. [ealb, Sax.] Old age ; decrepitude. Spenser. Old people ; persons worn out with years. Chapnan. E'LDER, eV-d&r. 98. a. Surpassing another in years. Hooker. E'LDERS, e'K-darz. n. s. plur. Persons whose age gives them a claim to credit and reverence. 1 Tim. v. Ancestors. Pope. Those who are older than others. Spenser. [Among the Jews.] Rulers of the people. [In the New Testament.] Ecclesias- ticks. [Among Presbyterians.] Laymen introduc- ed into the kirk-polity. Cleaveland. ELDER, cF-dfir. 98. n.s. [ellara, Sax.] The name of a tree. Miller. E'LDERLY, eK-d&r-le. a. Bordering upon old age. Swift. E'LDERSHIP, el'-d&r-sh?p. n. 5. Seniority 5 primo- geniture. Raleigh. Presbytery ; ecclesiastical senate. Hooker. E'LDEST, el'-dest a. The oldest ; that has the right of primogeniture. Sliak. The person that has lived most years. Locke. E'LDING* Sl'-dlng. n.s. [aeleb, Sax. fire.] Wood and sticks for burning ; fuel. Grose. ELECAMPANE, el-e-kam-pane'. n.s. A plant ; starwort. Miller. To ELECTS, e-lekt'. v. a. [eleclus, Lat.] To choose for any office or use. Daniel. [In theology.] To select as an object of eternal mercy. Burnet. ELECT, e-l£kr a. Chosen ; taken by preference from among others. Slxak. Chosen to an office, not yet in possession. Aylijfe. [In theology.] Chosen as an object of eternal mercy. Milton. ELECTANT* e-leV-tant. n. s. One who has the power of choosing. Search. ELECTARY^e-lek'-ta-re.n.s. A form of medi- cine made of conserves and powders, of the con- sistence of honey. {£p This is an alteration of the word electuary, which has taken place within these few years ; and, it must be owned, is an alteration for the better ; for, as there is no u in the Latin electarium, there can be no reason for inserting it in our English word, which is derived from it. TV. ELECTION, e-leV-shun. n.s. [eleclio, Lat.] The act of choosing; choice. Milton. The power of choice. Davies. Voluntary preference. Rogers. Discernment; distinction. Bacon. [In theology.] The predetermination of God by which any were selected for eternal life. Atterbury. The ceremony of a publick choice. Addison. ELECTIONEERING*, e-lek'-shfin-eerMng. n. s. The practices used at the election of a member for parliament. Warlon. A low word. ELECTIVE, e-lek'-tfv. a. Regulated or bestowed bv choice. Bacon. Exerting the power of choice. Grew. ELE'CTIVELY, e-lek'-tlv-le. ad. By choice ; with £ reference of one to another. Ray. ECTOR, e-lgk'-tfir. 98. n. s. He that has a vote in the choice of any officer. Waller. A prince who has a voice in the choice of the German em- ferour. ECTORAL, e-lek'-to-ral. a. [from elector.'] Hav- ing the dignity of an elector. Burke. ELECTORA'LITY*, e-lSk-td-ral'-e-te. n.s. The territory of an elector. Treaty in Wotton's Rem. ELECTORATE, e-leV-to-rate. 91. n.s. The terri- tory of an elector. Addison. ELECTORESS*, e-leV-t6-r&. ) n. s. The wife or ELECTRESS, e-leV-tres. \ widow of an elector. Burnet. ELECTRE, e-leV-tur. 98, 416. n.s. [ekclnim, Lat.] Amber ; which, having the quality, when warmed by friction, of attracting bodies, gave to one species of attraction the name of electricity ; and, to the bodies that so attract, the epithet electrick. A mixed metal. Bacon. ELECTRICAL §, e-leV-tre-kal. ) a. Attractive ELECTRICK §, e-leV-tr?k. \ without mag- netism 5 attractive by a peculiar property, supposed once to belong chiefly to amber. Brown. Produc- ed by an electrick body. Brown. ELECTRICIAN*, e-lek-trfsh'-un. n.s. One who is skilled in the theory of electricity. Wilson. ELECTRICITY, e-lek-trls'-e-t^. n. s. The name of an unknown natural power, which produces a great variety of peculiar and surprising phenomena. See Amber. To ELECTRIFY*, e-lek'-lre-fl. v. a. To render electrick ; to communicate electricity. Hales. To ELECTRIZE*, e-l^k'-trlze. v. a. To attract by a peculiar properly. History of tfie Royal So- ciety. ELECTROMETER* , e-lek-tronV-e-tfir. n.s. [A«- rpov and /u'rpov.] An instrument for measuring the quantity, and determining the quality, of electricit"- in any electrified body. Cluxmbers. ELECTUARY, e-lek'-tshu-ar-e. n. s. [etectarium, Lat.] A form of medicine made of conserves and powders, in the consistence of honey. Quincy. See Electary. ELEEMO'SYNARY, el-e-mdz'-e-nar-e. a. Living upon alms; depending upon charity. Warton. Given in charity. Stephens. ELEEMOSYNARY*, el-e-m&z'-e-nar-e. n. s. One who subsists upon alms or charity. South. ELEGANCE, el'-e-gamse. ) n. s. Beauty without E'LEGANCY, el'-e-gan-se. $ grandeur. Raleigh. Any thing that pleases by its nicety. Bp. Taylor. ELEGANTS, eT-e-gant. a. [elegans, Lat.] Nice; accurate in discerning. Milton. Pleasing by mi- nuter beauties. Pope. Nice; not coarse; not gross. Pope. E'LEGANTLY, eT-e-gant-le. ad. In such a manner 328 ELE ELL — nd, move, nor, not;— tube, tub, bull ;— dll;— pflund;— tlim, THis. as to please. Milton. Neatly ; nicely 5 with minute beauty. Bacon. ELEGl'ACAL*, el-e-jl'-a-kal. a, Belonging- to an elegy-. Cotgrave. ELEGl'ACK, el-e-jl'-ak. „. Used in elegies. Phil- lips. Pertaining to elegies. Ld. Chesterfield. Mournful} sorrowful. Gay. Q^T Our own analogy would lead us to place the accent upon the second syllable of this word, [Perry and Web- ster do so place it,] but its derivation from the Latin rlcgiacus, and the Greek e\eyetaKos, (in both which the antepenultimate is long,) obliges us, under pain of ap- pearing grossly illiterate, to place the accent 'on the same letter. But it may be observed, that we have scarcely an instance in the whole language of adopting a Latin or Greek word, and curtailing it of a syllable, without removing the accent higher on the English word. — See Academy. W. ELEGl'ACK*, el-e-jl'-ak. n. s. Elegiack verse. Warton. ELEGIAST*, el-e-jl'-ast. ) n.s. A writer of elegies. E'LEGlST*.eT-e-jist. \ Goldsmith. E'LEGY§.£l'-e-je. n.s. [eieyos.] A mournful song. Shak. A funeral song. Dry den. A short poem without points or affected elegancies. Shenstone. ELE 1 GIT*, el-e'-jh. n. 5. [Lat.] [In law.] A writ so called. Burke. ELEMENT §, el'-e-ment. n.s. [elementum, Lat.] The first or constituent principle of ahv thing. Hooker. The four elements, usually so called, are earth, fire, air, water. Sliak. The proper habita- tion or sphere of any thing. Shak. An ingredi- ent ; a constituent part. Shak. The letters of any language. The lowest or first rudiments of litera- ture or science. Hooker. To E'LEMENT, el'-e-ment. v. a. To compound of elements. Boyle. To constitute ; to make as a first )rinciple. Donne, ELEMENTAL, el-e-men'-tal. a. Produced by some Arising from first pnn< :le> of the four elements. Milton. frinciples. Broivn. Rude: elementary. Burke. EMENTA'LITY*, el-e-men-tal'-e-te. n. s. Com- position ; combination of ingredients. Whitlock. ELEMENTA'RITY, el-e-men-tar'-e-te. n.s. The simplicity of nature ; absence of composition ; being uncompounded. Broun. ELEMENTARY, el-e-men'-tar-e. a. Uncompound- ed ; having only one principle or constituent part. Ray. Initial; rude. B. Jonson. Of or belonging to the elements. Harmar. ELE'MI, e-le'-me. n.s. A drug brought from Ethiopia. Hill. ELE'NCH$, e-lensh'. ti.s. [elenchus, Lat.] An argu- ment ; a sophism. Brown. To ELE'NCHIZE*, e-len'-tshfee. v. n. To dispute. B. Jonson. ELE'NCHTICAL*, e-lensh'-te-kal. a. Serving to confute. Wilkim. ELE'OTS, e-le'-&ts. n. s. Apples in request in the cider countries. Mortimer. E'LENGE*. See Ellinge. ELEPHANTS, eT-e-fant. n. s. [ekphas, Lat.] The largest of quadrupeds, of whose sagacity, faithful- ness, and understanding, many surprising relations are given. His teeth are the ivory. Sluxlcspeare. Ivory; the teeth ~ r elephants. Dryaen. ELEPHANTI'ASlS, el-e-fan-tl'-a-sls.n.s. [elephan- tiasis, Lat.] A species of leprosy, so called from in- crustations like those on the hide of an elephant. Fuller. ELEPHA'NTINE, el-e-fan'-tin. 140. a. Pertaining to the elephant. To ELEVATES, el'-e-vate. 91. v. a. [elevo, Lat.] To raise up aloft. Shak. To exalt ; to dignify. Sheristone. To raise with great conceptions. Locke. To elate with vicious pride. Milton. To lessen by detraction : not in use. Hooker. ELEVATE, el'-e-vate. 91. part. a. Exalted ; raised aloft. Milton. Raised with great conceptions. Milton. ELEV V'TION, el-e-va'-shfln. n. s. The act of raising aloft. Woodwurd. Exaltation; dignity. Locke. 42 Exaltation of the mind by noble conceptions. Nor- ris. Exaltation of style. Walton. Attention to objects above us. Hooker. The height of any heavenly body with respect to the horizon. Brown. E'LEVATOR, el'-e-va-tur. 521, 1G6. n.s. A raiser or lifter up. Quincy. ELE' VE*, el-ave'. n. s. Literally, a scholar or dis- ciple ; one who has studied under a particular mas- ter. Ld. Chesterfield. One brought up, or protected, by another. Florio. ELE'VENS, e-lev'-vn. 103. a. [senblepen, Sax.] Ten and one. Slutkspeare. ELEVENTH, e-leV-vn*/i. a. The next in order to the tenth: Raleigh. ELF^eff. 74. 5. plural elfs and elves, [eilf, Welsh.] A wandering spirit, supposed to be seen in wild, un- frequented places ; a fairy. Shak. A devil. Dry- den. A dwarf, or little person. Shenstone. To ELF, £lf. v. a. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it is not to be unravelled. Shakspeare. ELFLOCK, elf-lok. n.s. Hair twisted by elves ; a common superstition. Shakspeare. E'LFIN, el'-fin. a. Relating to fairies ; elfish. Spen- ser. ELFIN*, el'-fin. n. s. A child ; an urchin. Shenstone. E'LFISH*, el'-fish. a. Relating to elves or demons. Warton. To ELICIT §, e-lfs'-slt. r. a. [elicio, Lat.] To strike out ; to fetch out by labour or art. Hale. ELI'CIT, e-lls'-sft. a. Brought into act. Hammond. ToELFCITATE*, e-hY-e-tatc. t>. a. To elicit. More. ELICIT A'TION, e-lls-se-ta'-sh&n. n. s. A deducing of the power of the will into act. Bp. Bramhall. To ELI'DE, e-llde'. v. a. [elido, Lat.] To break in pieces ; to crush. Hooker. To cut off a syllable. Brit. Crit. ELIGIBILITY, el-e-je-bil'-e-te. n. s. Worthiness to be chosen. Bp. Taylor. ELIGIBLE §, el'-e-je-bl. 405. a. [eligibilis, Lat.] Fit to be chosen ; preferable. Addison. ELIGIBLENESS, el'-e-je-bl-nes. n. s. Worthiness to be chosen ; preferableness. !FoELI'MINATE§*, e-lW-e-nate. v. a. [elimino, Lat.] To open ; to release from confinement ; to put out of doors. Lovelace. ELIMINATION, e-hm-e-na'-shun.rc.s. The act of banishing ; rejection. Bp. Hall. ELIQUA'TION*, el-e-kwa'-sh&n. n.s. [eliqnaius, Lat.] [In metallurgy.] A separation of the different parts of mixed bodies, by the different degrees of fire required to melt them. Chambers. ELFS10N, e-llzh'-un. n, s. [elisio, Lat.] The act of cutting off. Sicift. Division ; separation of parts. Bacon. ELI TE*, el-eet'. [Fr.] A military word, denoting the flower or chosen part of an army. To ELl'XATE p, e-l'iks'-ate. v. a. [elixo, Lat.] To seethe or boil. Cockeram. ELIXA'TION,el-?k-sa'-shun. 533, 530. n.s. The act of boiling or stewing any thing. Brown. ELI'XIR, e-llk'-sur. 418. n. s. [Arabick.J A medi- cine made by strong infusion, where the ingredients are almost dissolved in the menstruum. Quincy. The liquor with which chymists hope to transmute metals to gold. Donne. The extract or quintes- sence of any thing. South. Any cordial. Milton. %Cf There is a corrupt pronunciation of this word, even among the upper ranks of people, which changes the i in the second syllable into e, as if written elexir. The i is never pronounced in this manner when the accent is on it, except when followed by r and another conso- nant. 108. W. ELK, elk. n. s. [aelc, Sax.] A large and stately ani- mal of the stag kind. Hill. ELKE* elk. n. s. [alarch, Welsh.] A wild swan. ELL, §1. n.s. [eln, Sax.] A measure containing a yard and a quarter. Addison. It is taken prover- bially for a long measure. Herbert. E'LLINGE*, el'-llnje. a. [a?len£e, Sax.] Cheerless sad. Vis. of P. Ploughman. ELLI'PSISS, el-lip'-sk [See Efface.] n.s. [?X- Xttrrcrtf.] A figure of rhetorick, by which something 329 ELU EMA O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat j— me, mel ;— pine, pin : pronounces a is left out. Hammond. [In geometry.] An oval figure, generated from the section of a cone, by a f)lane cutting both sides of the cone, but not paral- el to the base, and meeting with the base when produced. Han-is. ELLFPTICAL, gl-hp'-te-kal. ) a. Having the form ELLITTJCK, el-hy-tik. S of an ellipsis 5 oval. Cheyne. Denoting the use of the rhetorical figure. Knatchbull. ELLFPTICALLY* gl-hp'-te-kal-le. ad. According to the rhetorical figure. Hard. ELM§, elm. ?i. s. [ulmus, Lat.] The name of a tree. Miller. E'LMY*, eF-me. a. Abounding with elm trees. T. Warton. ELOCATION*, eFo-ka'-shan. n.s. [elocatus,Lat.] A removal from the usual place of residence. Bp. Hall. A departure from usual method 5 an ecstasy. Fotherby. ELOCUTION, el-o-ku'-shun. n . s. [elocutio, Lat.] The power of fluent speech. JVotton. Power of speaking; speech. Milton. The power of ex- pression or diction ; eloquence ; beauty of words. Dryden. ELOCUTIVE*, el-o-ku'-tlv. a. Having the power of eloquent expression. Felllmm. E'LOGE*, eF-6dje. n.s. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyrick on the dead. Alterbury. E'LOGIST* eF-6-jlst. n.s. One who 1 panegyrick. Wotlon. E'LOGY, eF-6-je. 503. n.s. Praise; panegyrick. WoUon. To ELOFGNATE*, e-i6e'-nate. ha. To remove. Howell. To ELOIGNER e-l6In'. v. a. [eloigner, Fr.] To put at a distance. Spenser. Ob. J. ELOFGNMENT*, e-lom'-menl. n.s. Remoteness; distance. Shertsume. To ELO'NG*, e-long'. v. a. To put or set far off*; to retard. G. Fletcher. To ELONGATE §, e-long'-gate. v. a. [elongo, Lat.] To lengthen; to draw out; to put further oft". Brown. To ELO'NGATE, e-l6ng'-gate. v. n. To go off to a distance from any thing. Brown. ELONGATION, el-ong-ga'-sh&n. 530, 533. n.s. The act of stretching or lengthening itself. Arfodh- not. The state of being stretched. Fotherby. [In medicine.] An imperfect luxation. Quincy. Dis- tance; space at which one thing is distant from another. Glanville. Departure ; removal. Bp. Hall. To ELOTE §, e-lope'. v. n. [hleapan, Sax.] To run away ; to break loose ; to escape from law or re- straint. Addison. ELOTEMENT, e-l6pe'-ment. n. s. Departure from just restraint; formerly used of a wife, now of a young lady who is to be clandestinely married. Aidifje. E'LOPS, eMSps. n.s. [e\oip.] A fish; also a serpent. Milton. ELOQUENCES, el'-6-kwense. n.s. [eloquentia, Lat.] The power of sneaking with fluency and ele- gance; oratory. Shatc. Elegant language uttered with fluency. Shakspeare. ELOQUENT, eT-6-kwent. a. Having the power of oratory. Isaiah-. ELOQUENTLY*, eK-6-kwent-le. ad. In elegant language, written or uttered with fluency. Mr T. Elyot. ELSE$, else, pronoun. [eWey, Sax.] Other; one besides.. SJiakspeare. ELSE, else. conj. Otherwise. Beaumont and Fletcher. Beside ; except that mentioned. Dryden. ELSEWHE'RE, else'-whare. 397. ad. [elle r -hj«ep, Sax.] In any other place. Abbot. In other places ; in some other place. Hooker. ELSIN*, el'-s?n. n.s. [aelsene., Teut.] A shoemaker's awl. Grose. To ELU'CIDATE^, e-liY-se-date. v. a. [elucido, Lat.] To explain; to clear; to make plain. Boyle. ELUCIDATION, e-Iu-se-da'-shSn. n. s. Explana- tion; exposition. Boyle. I ELUCIDATIVE*, e-Iu'-se-da-tlv. a. Throwing iight ; explanatory. ELU'CIDATOR, e-lu'-se-da-t5r. 521. n.s. Explain- er; expositor; commentator. Abbot. ELUCTATION*, e-lfik-ta'-shun. n.s. [eluclatus, Lat.] The act of bursting forth. Brown. Escape. Bp.Hall. To ELU'DE$, e-lude'. v.a. [eludo, Lat.] To escape by stratagem; to avoid by artifice. Swift. To mock by an unexpected escape. Pope. ELU'DIBLE, e-liV-de-bl. a. Possible to be defeated. Swift. I ELU'MBATED, e-lum'-ba-teU a. [elumbis, Lat.] Weakened in the loins. Diet. ELU'SlON^e-lu'-zhan.n.s. [elusio, Lat.] An escape from inquiry or examination; an artifice. Abv. Cranmer. ELJJ'SIVE, e-lu'-s?v. 158, 428. a. Practising elusion. dent. he stale Pope. Tending to deceive ; fallacious. Stuc ELU'SORINESS*. e-lu'-sfir-e-nes. n. s. Th Tending to of being elusory. Ash. ELU'SORY, e-liV-sfir-e. 429, 512. elude; tending to deceive. Brown. To ELL T/ TE, e-lute'. v. a. [eluo, Lat.] To wash off Arbuthnot. To ELUTRIATED, e-liV-tre-ate. 91. v.a. [elutrio, Lat.] To decant, or strain out. Arbuthnot. ELUTRIATION* e-lu-tre-a'-shfin. n.s. Straining off. [In metallurgy.] The separating the lighter matters from the ores of metals by water. Ctiaiu bers. ELVELOCKS, elv'-loks. n. s. Knots in the hair su- perstitiously supposed to be tangled by the fairies. Brown. ELVERS*, el'-vurz. n.s. Small eels; young con- fers, or sea-eels. Chambers. VES,elvz. The plural of elf. ELVISH, eF-vfsh. a. Relating to elves, or wander- ing spirits. Spenser. Reserved; coy; disdainful. Chaucer. ELY'SIAN, e-lfzh'-e-an. 542. a. Pertaining to Elysi- um ; deliciously soft and soothing; exceedingly de- lightful. Milton. ELPSIZ7i»/,e-l?zh'-e-am. n. s. [Lat.] The place as- signed by the heathens to happy souls; any place exquisitely pleasant. Shakspeare. 'EM. A contraction of them. Hudibras. j To EMA'CERATE^e-mas'-er-ate. v.n. [emacero, Lat.] Our old word for emaciate. Bullokar. EMACERATION*, e-mas-er-a'-shun. n. s. Lean- ness or falling' away in flesh. Bullokar. To EMA'CIATE $, e-ma'-she-ate. 542.?;. a. [emacio, Lat.] To waste ; to deprive of flesh. Bacon. To EMA'CIATE, e-ma'-she-ate. v. n. To lose flesh; to pine; to grow lean. Brown. EMA'CIATE* e-ma'-she-ate. a. Sunk; wasted. . Shenstone. EMACIATION, ^-ma-she-a'-shfin. n. s. The act of making lean. The state of one grown lean. Grcrunt. To EMA'CULATE $*, e-mak'-u-late. v. a. [eummlo, Lat.] To make clean; to take out spots. Halts. EMACULATION, e-mak-u-la'-shfin. n.s. The act of freeing any thing from spots or foulness. Diet. E'MANANT, "eW-a-nant. a. Issuing from something else. Hale. To E'MANATE $, em'-a-nate. 91. v. n. [emano, Lat.] To issue or flow from something else. Hales. EMANATION, em-ma-na'-shfin. 530. n.s. The act of issuing or proceeding from any other substance. South. That which issues from another substance } an efflux ; effluvium. Bp. Taylor. E'MANATIVE, em'-an-a-uV. 91. a. Issuing from another. Vict. To EMANCIPATE $, e-man'-se-pate. v.a. [emanci- po, Lat.] To set free from servitude. Brown. EMANCIPATION, e-man-se-pa'-shun. n. s. The act of setting free ; deliverance from slavery. Glan- rille. EMA'NCIPATOR*, e-man'-se-pa-tfir. n. s. One who releases from any confinement. The Merits of the: Catholicks. 330 EMB EMB —no, move, nor, not j— t6be, tftb, bull 5 — 6fl ;— pAfliid ;— thm, r H is 7\7EMA'RGINATE,e-mar'-je-nate. p. a. [emargino, Lat.] To take away the margin or edgeoi any thing. Cocksnrm. FbEMA'SCULATE$, e-mas'-kfi-Iate. i\«. fafaaf A). Eat.] To castrate ; to deprive of virility. (Iraunt. laminate; to vitiate bvunmanlv softness. Dri/d EA^SCULATE* e-mas'-ka-late. a. Unmanned ; effeminate ; vitiated. Hammond. EMASCULATION, e-mas-ku-kV-shcm. n.s. Cas- tration. Gauton. Effeminacy; womanish qualities. To EMB ALE, em-bale', v.a. [emballer, Fr.] To make up into a bundle. To bind up ; to enclose. Spenser. To EMBA'LM y , em-bam 7 . 403. v. a. [emhaumer, Fr.] To impregnate a body with aromaticks, that it may resist putrefactiou. Shak. To fill with sweet scent. Milton. {£5° The affinity between the long e and the short i, when immediately followed by the accent, has been ob- served under the word despatch. — But this affinity is no where more remarkable than in those words where the e is followed by m or n. This has induced Mr. Sheridan to spell embrace, endow, &c. imbrace, indow, &c. ; and this spelling may, perhaps, sufficiently con- vey the cursory or colloquial pronunciation; hut my observation greatly fails me if correct publick speaking does not preserve the e in its true sound, when followed by m or n. The difference is delicate, but. in my opin ion, real. W. EMBA'LMER,em-bam'-er. 403. n.s. One that prac- tises the art of embalming. Bacon. To EMBA'R, em-bar 7 , v.a. [from bar.] To shut; to enclose. Spenser. To stop; to hinder by prohibi- tion. Bacon. E3IBARCATION, em-bar-ka'-shun. n. s. The act of putting on shipboard. Clarendon. The act of going on shipboard. EMBA'RGOy.em-bar'-gi. 98. n.s. [embargar, Span.] A prohibition to pass ; a stop put to trade. Bacon. To EMBA'RGO*, em-bar'-go. v.a. To lay an em- bargo upon. Coles. To EMBA'RKy, em-bark', v.a. [embarquer, Fr.] To put on shipboard. Milton. To engage another in anv affair. Ld. Clarendon. To EMBA'RK, em-bark', v. n. To go on shipboard. A. Phillips. To engage in any affair. EMBARKATION* em-bar-k^'-shun. See Em- B.ARCATION. To EMBARRASS $, em-bar'-ras. v.a. [embarrasser, Fr.] To perplex ; to distress ; to entangle. Spec- tator. EMBA'RRASSMENT,em-bar'-ras-ment. n.s. Per- plexity; entanglement. Wafts. To EMBA'SEy, em-base', v.a. [from base.] To vitiate; to depauperate; to lower; to deprave; to impair. Bacon. To degrade; to vilify. Spenser. EMBASEMENT*,em-base'-ment. n.s. Deteriora- tion ; deprivation. South. EMBA'SSADE*, em-bas-sade'.??.s. [embassade, Fr.] An embassy. Spenser. Ob. T. EMBASSADORS, em-bas'-sa-dflr. 98. n.s. [embas- saileur, old Fr.] One sent on a publick message. Denhair*. EMBA'SSADRESS, em-bas'-sa-dres. n. s. A woman sent on a publick message. The wife of an embas- sador. Ld. Chesterfield. E'MBASSAGE. eW-bas-dtje. 90. > »?.. s. A publick EMBASSY, em'-bas-se. $ message. Shale. Any solemn message. Bp. Taylor. An errand, in an ironical sense. Sidney. To EMBATHE*. See To Imbathe. To EMBATTLED, em-bat'-ll. v.a. [from battle.] To range in order or array of battle. Shakspeare. To EMBATTLE, em-bat'-tl. v. n. To be ranged in battle array. Shakspeare. EMBATTLED*, em-bat'-tld. a. Indented like a battlement. Chaucer. To EMBA'Y, em-ba'. 98. v. a. [baigner, Fr.] To bathe; to wet; to wash. Spenser. Not used. [From bay.] To enclose in a bay; to landlock. Shakspeare. EMBEDDED*, em-bed'-ded. a. Sunk in another substance. Paley. To EMBELLISH y,em-bel'-lish. v.a. [cmbellir, Fr.] To adorn; to beautify. Spenser. EMBE LldSHM''NT,em-bel'-Hsh-ment.n.s. Orna- ment; adventitious beauty; decoration; adsciti- tioua grace. Addison. K'M BERING*, em'-b&r-ing. n. s. The ember days. Tusser. Oh. J. E'MBERS, em'-burz. n. s. Without a singular, [remypia, Sax.] Hot cinders; ashes not yet ex- tinguished. Bacon. E'MBERWEEK, em'-bftr-week. n. s. [ymbren or einbren.] A week in which an ember day falls. The ember days at the four seasons are the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, after the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Pentecost, September 14, Decem- ber 13. Aylif/e. To EMBEZZLE y , em-bez'-zl. v. a. [baler, or em- besler, old Fr.] To appropriate by breach of trust. Hay ward. To waste; to swallow up in riot. Dry den. EMBE'ZZLE.MENT, em-beV-zl-ment. n. s. The act of appropriating to himself that which is receiv- ed in trust for another. The thing appropriated. EMBE'ZZLER*, em-bez'-zlur. n.s. One who ap- propriates to himself what is received in trust for another. To EMBl'BE*. See To Imbibe. To EMBLA'ZEy, em-blaze', v.a. [blasonner, Fr.] To adorn with glittering embellishments. Milton. To blazon; to paint with ensigns armorial. Shak. To EMBLA'ZON, em-bla'-zn. v. a. To adorn with figures of heraldry. To deck in glaring colours. Hakewill. EMBLA'ZONER*, em-bla'-zn-ftr. n.s. One who publishes in a pompous manner. Milton. A her- ald; a blazoner. EMBLA'ZONRY, em-bla'-zn-re. n. s. Pictures upon shields. Milton. E'MBLEMy, em'-blem. n.s. \erf\ W a.] Inlay; en- amel. Milton. An occult representation ; an allu- sive picture ; a typical designation. Shakspeare. To E'MBLEM, em'-blem. v. a. To represent in an occult or allusive manner. Feltlmm. EMBLEMATICAL, em-ble-mat'-e-kal. 509. ) n EMBLEMAT1CK, em-ble-mat'-fk. \ a ' Comprising an emblem ; allusive ; occultly repre- sentative. Prior. Deal'.ng in emblems; using emblems. Prior. EMBLEMATICALLY, em-ble-mat'-e-kal-le. ad. In the manner of emblems; allusively. Brown. EMBLE'MATIST, em-blem'-a-tfst, n.s. A writer or in venter of emblems. Brown. To EMBLE'iMATIZE*, em-blem'-a-tlze. v. a. To represent by an emblem. More. E'MBLEMENTSf, em'-ble-menfs. n.s. plur. [em- blarer, Fr.] Profits arising from land sown, or gen- erally from the ground. Cowel. E'MBLEMIZING* em'-ble-ml-zfng. n.s. A making of emblems. Cotgrave. To EMBO'DY*. ^See To Imbody. EMBO'GUING* em-bog'-fng. n.s. [embouchure, Fr.] The mouth of a river; the place where it empties itself into the sea. Florio. To EMBO'IL*. See To Imboil. To EMBO'LDEN*. See ToImbolden. E'MBOLISM, em'-bo-Hzm, n.s. [fy/SoA^dj.] Inter- calation; insertion of days or years to produce regularity and equation of time. Holder. The time inserted ; intercalary time. E'MBOLUS, em'-bo-lOs. n.s, [i>#>Aoy.] Anything inserted and acting in another, as, the sucker in a pump. Arbuthnot. To EMBO'RDER*, em-bor'-dur. v.a. [emborder, old Fr.] To adorn with a border. See To Imbor- der. To EMBO'SK*. See To Imbosk. 2 T oEMBO'SS v , em-bos', v.a. [bosse, Fr.] To form with protuberances. Sluxk. To engrave with re- lief, or rising work. B. Jonson. To enclose ; to include; to cover, [emboister, Fr.] Spenser. To enclose in a thicket, [emboscare, ltal,] Milton. To hunt hard. Speriser. 331 EMB EMI ID 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin ;- EMBOSSMENT, em-bos'-ment. n.s. Any thing standing out from the rest ; jut ; eminence. Bacon. Relief j rising work. Addison. To EMBOTTLE, em-bot'-tl. v.a. [bouteille, Fr.] To include in bottles; to bottle. To EMBOUND*. See To Imbound. ToEMBOW*, em-bo', v.a. To bend like a bow ; to arch ; to vault. Spenser. To EMBOWEL §, em-bou'-el. v.a. [from bowel.] To eviscerate; to deprive of the entrails. SliaJc. To burv within any other substance. Spenser. EMBO WELLER*, em-b6u'-el-lur. n.s. One who takes out entrails. Greenhill. To EMBOWER*, em-b6ur'. v.n. To lodge; to build; to bower. Spenser. To EMBO'X*. See To Imbox. To EMBRA'CE $, em-brase'. v. a. [embrasser, Fr.] To hold fondly in the arms; to squeeze in kindness. Dryden. To seize ardently or eagerly; to lay hold on ; to welcome. Cliaucer. To comprehend ; to take in : as, Natural philosophy embraces many sciences. To comprise; to enclose; to contain; to encircle. Denham. To admit; to receive. Shak. To find ; to take. SJiak. To squeeze in a hostile manner. To fasten; to fit close. Spenser. To EMBRA'CE, em-brase'. v. n. To join in an em- brace. Slmkspeare EMBRA'CE, e^m-brase'. n.s. Clasp; fond pressure A hostile squeeze ; crush. in the arms ; hug. Denham. EMBRA'CEMENT, em-brase'-ment. n. s. Clasp in the arms; hug; embrace. Sidney, Hostile hug; grapple. Sidney. Comprehension. Davies. State of being contained; enclosure. Bacon. Conjugal endearment. Sltalcspeare. Admission; reception. Weever. EMBRA'CER, em-bra'-s&r. n.s. The person em- bracing. Howell. EMBRACING*, em-bra'-smg. n.s. An embrace. Burton. To EMBRA'ID*, em-brade'. v. a. [from braid.] To censure in opprobrious terms. Sir 2\ Elyot. Ob. EMBRASURE, em-bra-zhure'. n. s. [Fr.] An aper- ture in the wail, through which the cannon is point- ed ; battlement. To EiMBRA'VE, em-brave', v. a. [from brave.] To decorate ; to embellish. Spenser. To inspire with fortitude. Beaumont. Ob. J. To E'lUBROCATE $, em'-bro-kate. v.a. [tv($bZ X u-] To rub any part diseased with medicinal liquors. Wiseman. EMBROCATION, ein-br6-ka'-shfin. n.s. The act of rubbing any part diseased with medicinal liquors or spirits. The lotion with which any diseased part is washed. Wiseman. ToEMBRO'IDER §,em-brSe'-dur. Via. [broder, Fr.] To border with ornaments; to decorate with figur- ed work. Wotton. EMBROIDERER, em-br6e'-dur-ur. n. s. One that adorns clothes with needlework. Ecclus. xlv. EMBRO IDERY, em-br6e'-dur-e. n. s. Figures raised upon a ground ; variegated needlework. Shale. Variegation; diversity of colours. Spectator. To EMBROILS em-broll'. y. a. [brouiller, Fr.] To disturb ; to confuse ; to distract. King Charles. To perplex ; to entangle. Addison. EMBROILMENT*, em-brofl'-ment. n. s. Confu- sion ; disturbance. Maundrell. To EMBRO'THEL, em-broTH'-el v. a. To en- close in a brothel. Donne. To EMBRO' WN*. See To Im brown. To EMBRU'E*. See To Imbrue. E'MBRYO §, em^bre-6. )n.s. [e^ovw.] The E'MBRYON§, em'-bre-on. \ offspring yet unfin- ished in the womb. Bacon. The state of any thing yet not fit for production ; yet unfinished. Swift. E'MBRYON*, em'-bre-on. a. Yet unfinished; not vet ready for production. W. Browne. To EMBU'RSE*. See To Imburse. To EMBU'SY*, em-bk'-ze. t>. a. To employ. Skel- tori. EME, erne. n. s. [eame, Sax.] Uncle. Ob. J. See Eame. EME'NAGOGUE. See Emmenagogues. To EME'ND§*, e-mend'. v.a. [ernendo, Lat.] To amend ; to correct. Mystery of Candlemas-day. EME'NDABLE, e-men'-da-bl.a. Capable of emen- dation; corrigible. EME'NDATELY^e-mend'-ate-le.a. Without fault ; correct. Taverner. EMENDA'TION, em-en-da'-shun. 530. n, s. Cor- rection; alteration of any thing from worse to bet- ter. Bp. Taylor. An alteration made in the text by verbal criticism. Bentley. EMEND A'TOR, em-en-da'-tur. 521. n. s. A cor- rector; an improver; an alterer for the better. Bp. Cosin. EME'NDATORY*, e-men'-da-t&r-e. a. [emendatus, Lat.] Contributing correction or emendation. Dr Warton. To EME'NDICATE*, e-men'-de-kate. v. a. [emen- dico, Lat.] To beg. Cockeram. See To Me» dicate. EMERALD, em'-e-rald. n. s. [emeraude, Fr.] A green precious stone. Hill. To EME'RGE §, e-merje'. v. n. [emergo, Lat.) To rise out of any thing in which it is covered. Boyle. To issue; to proceed. Newton. To rise; to mount from a state of depression or obscurity ; to rise into view. Dry den. EME'RGENCE, e-mer'-jense. )n. s. The act of EMERGENCY, e-mer'-jen-se. $ rising out of any fluid by which any thing is covered. Brown. The act of Vising into view. Boyle. Any sudden occa- sion, unexpected casualty. Granville. Pressing necessity ; exigence. A sense not proper. Ad- dison. EME'RGENT, e-mer'-jent. a. Rising out of that which overwhelms or obscures it. B. Jonson Ris- ing into view. B. Jonson. .Proceeding or issuing from any thing. B. Jonson. Sudden ; unexpected- ly casual. Bacon. EME'RITED*, e-mer'-lt-eU a. [emeritus, Lat.] Al- lowed to have done sufficient publick service. Evelyn. E'MERODS, em'-er-6ds. ) n. s. [from liemorrhoids, E'MEROIDS, em'-£r-6?dz. \ aiixop'poLfa.] Painful swellings of the hemorrhoidal veins; piles. 1 Sam. EME'RSION, e-meV-shun. n. s. [from emerge.] The act of rising out of any fluid. Knatchbull. The time when a star, having been obscured by its ap- proach to the sun, appears again. Brown. E'MERY, eW-eVe. n. s. [esmeril, Fr.] An iron ore, useful in cleaning and polishing steel. Hill. EME TICAL§. e-met'-e-kal. \ a. [fy cw .] Having the EME'TICK §, e-meV-lk. $ quality of provoking vomits. Hale. EME'TICALLY, e-met'-e-kal-e. ad. In such a man-' ner as to provoke to vomit. Boyle. EME'TICK*, e-meV-Ik. n. s. A medicine, provok- ing vomits. Dr. Warton. E'xMEU*, E'MEW^ kind. EMICA'TION, em-e-ka'-shun. 530. n.s. {emicatio, Lat.] Sparkling; flying oft'in small particles. Brcnon. EMI'CTION, e-m]k'-snun. n. s. [emictum, Lat.] Urine; what is voided by the urinary passages Harvey. E'MIGRANT*, em'-e-grant. n. s. One who emi- grates. Robertson. E'MIGRATE*, em'-e-grate. part. a. Wandering ; roving. Gayton. To E'MIGRATE §, em'-e-grate. v. n. [etnigro, Lat.] To remove from one place to another. Pownall. EMIGRATION,, em-e-gra'-shfin. 530. n. s. Change of habitation. Hale. E'MINENCE, em'-e-nense. > n.s. Loftiness; height. E'MINENCY, em'.-e-nen-se. $ Summit ; highest part. Ray.- A-part rising above the rest. Dryden. A place where one is exposed to general notice. Addison. Exaltation • conspicuousness ; reputa- tion; celebrity; fame: greatness, Shak. Supreme *> lb' i 1 $ n ' * ^ name of the cassiowary, r# ( £ e " mu - ^ a ] ar g e bird of the ostrich EMP EMP —116, mdve, n6r, licit ;— ti!ibe, tab, boll ; — 6H ;— pddnd ;— th'm, THis. degree. Milton. Notice ; distinction. Sliak. A tide given to cardinals. Milton. EMINENT^, em'-e-neiit. a. [eminens, Lat.] High ; loth-. Ezek. xvi. Dignified ; exalted. Drytfen. Conspicuous; remarkable. Addison. EMINENTLY, em-e-nent-le. ad. Conspicuously; in a manner that attracts observation. Milton. In a high degree. Dry den. E'MIIt*, eMnar. n.s. A title of dignity among the i Turks and Persians. Ricaid. E M1SSARY, em'-is-sar-re. n. s. [etnissarius, Lat.] 1 One sent out on private messages ; a spy j a secret agent. Bacon. One that emits or sends out. Ar- 1 bidluwt. E MISSARY*, env'-Is-sa-re. a. Looking about; pry- ing. B. Jonson. EMISSION, e-mlsh'-un. n.s. The act of sending i out; vent. Bacon. EMISSITIOUS*, em-is-sTsh'-Gs. a. Prying; nar- rowly examining. Bp. Hall. To EMIT §, e-mit'. r. a. [emilto, Lat.] To send I forth; to let go. Woodward. To let fly; to dart, j Prior. To issue out juridically. Ayliffe. EMME NAGOGUES. em-men'-a-gogs. n.s. [fypf r \ via. and a'yw.l Medicines that promote the courses I in women. Quincu. E MMET, em'-mh. 99. n. s. [aemefcte, Sax.] An ant ; a pismire. Sidney. To EMME'W, em-ma' ."v. a. [from mew.] To mew or coop up. Shakspeare. To EMMO'VE,em-m6dv'. r. a. [emmouvoir. Fr.] To excite ; to rouse. Spenser. Ob. J. EMOLLIENT §, e-mol'-yent. 113. a. [cmoUiens,' Lat.] Softening ; suppling. Arbuthnot. EMO LLIENTSre-mSl'-vents. n. s. Medicines which ' have the power of relaxing or softening the fibres ' when too rigid. They are all externals. Cyclop. \ EMO'LLIMENT*. e-mol'-le-ment. n. s. [enwllimm- j turn, Lat.] An assuaging. Cockeram. EMOLLITION, em-mdl-lish'-Qn. it. s. [_emollitio,\ Lat.] The act of softening. Bacon. EMOLUMENT §,« e-mol'-u-ment. n. s. Profit; ad-: vantage. South. EMOLUME NTAL*, e-mol-a-ment'-al. a. Useful;! vielding profit. Evelyn. ESIO^GST* e-m&ngst'. prep. Among. Spenser. EMOTION, e-mo'-shun. n. s. [emotion, Fr.] Disturb- j anceofmind; vehemence of passion. Dn/den. To EMPATR6*, em-pare', r. a. [empirer, Fr.] To j injure ; to diminish. Spenser. To EMP AIR*, em-pare', v. n. To become less ; to grow worse. Spenser. roEMPA'LE$, em-pile', v. a. [empaler, Fr.] To fence with a pale. Donne. To fortify. Raleigh. to enclose; to shut in. Spenser. To put to death by spitting on a stake fixed upright. Southern. EMPA'LEMENT*. em-pale'-ment. n. s. The punish- ment of empaling. [In heraldry.] A conjunction of coats of arms; pale-ways. Warton. [In botany .1 The cup or outmost part of the flower of a plant \ Miller. EMPA'NNEL §, em-pan'-nel. n. s. [from po.nne, Fr.] The writing or entering the names of a jury into a schedule by the sheriff, which he has summoned to appear. Coivel. To EMPA'NNEL, em-pan'-nel. v. a. To summon to serve on a jury. Government of the Tongue. To EMPA'RADISE*. See To Imparadise. To EMPA'RK*, em-park', v. a. [emparclier, old Fr.] To enclose as with a fence' or pale ; to shut in. Bp. King. EMPARLANCE, em-par Manse, n. s. [parler, Fr.] [In common law.] A desire or petition in court 01 a day to pause what is best to do. Coicel. Parley. Spenser. EMPA'SM, efn-pazm'. n. s. [tp-Kdoaui.] A powder to correcl the bad scent of the body. To EM PA'SSION§, em-pash'-qn. v. a. To move! with passion ; to affect strongly. Spenser. EMP A SSIONATE*, em-plsh'-fin-ale. a. Strongly affected. Spe-nser. To EMPA'ST* See To I.mpast. To EMPE'ACH*, em-peetsh'. v. a. [empescher, Fr,} To hinder; to oppose. Sir T. Elyot. EMPEl'RAL*. See Empirick. To EMPE'OPLE, em-pe'-pl. t>. a. To form into a people or community.^ Speiiser. E MlT.RESS,em'-per-es. n. s. [from emperour : now written empress."] A woman invested with imperial power. Davies. The wife of an emperour. Tit Andron. To E.MPERIL*, em-per'-rll. v. a. To endanger Spenser. EMPERISHED*, em-perMsht. pan. a. Decayed, Serished. Spenser. lPEROUR$, em'-per-flr. 166. n. s. [empereur, Fr.] A monarch of title and dignity superiour to a kimr. Shakspeare. E MPERY, em'-per-e. 503. n.s. [empere,Tr.] Em- pire ; sovereignty ; dominion. Sliakspeare. Ob. J E'MPHASIS $, em'-f a-sis. n.s. [efjapaci $.] A remarka- ble stress laid upon a word or sentence ; particular force impressed bv style or pronunciation. Shak. EMPHATIC AL.eiii-faV -1k-al. ;a.[i F 0a ( v W .] Forci EMPHATICK, em-f at'-ik. ] ble ; strong ; strik- ing. Bp. Reynolds. Striking the sight. Bot/le. EMPHATICALLY, em-fat'-e-kal-e.ac/. Strongly ; forcibly; in a striking manner. South. According to appearance. Brown. EMPHYSE'MA, em-fe-se'-ma. a. s. {l^v^jfia.] A light, puffy humour, easily yielding to the pressure ol the fing-er, arising again in the instant you take it off. Wiseman. EMPHYSEMATOUS, em-fe-sem'-a-tas. a. Bloat ed; puffed up ; swollen. Sharp. To EMPI'ERCE, em-perse'. 250. [See Pierce.] v. a. To pierce into ; to enter into by violent ap- pulse. Spenser. EMPI'GHT, em-plte'. preterit and part, from to pight, or pitch. Set ; fixed ; fastened. Spenser. E'MPIRE§, em'-pire. 140. n. s. [empipe, Sax.] Im- perial power; supreme dominion. Rowe. The region over which dominion is extended. Temple. Command over any thing. {J^p I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and Buchanan in the pronunciation of the last syllable of this word, as I think the long sound of i is more agreeable to the ear, as well as to the best usage, though I confess not so analogical as the short i. Dr. Kenrick, Scott, W. John- ston, and Perry, pronounce the i long, as I have donc- Sce Umpire. W. EMPI'RICK$, em'-pe-rlk, or em-pir'-ik. n.s. [ip TTupiKos.] One of a sect of the ancient physicians, who formed for themselves rules and methods on their own practice and experience, and not on ac- knowledge of natural causes, or the study of good authors. Hakewill. A trier; an experimenter; a quack ; such persons as have no true knowledge of physical practice, but venture upon observation only. "Hooker. $£p Dr. Johnson tells U3, the first accentuation is adapter! by Dryden, and the last by Milton ; and this he prefers There is, indeed, a strong analogy for the last, as the word ends in ick, 509 ; but this analogy is sometimes violated in favour of the substantives, as in lunatic!;, heretic!:, &c. ; and that this is the case in the word in question, may be gathered from the majority of votes iau- vre, Fr.] To make poor ; to depauperate ; to re- duce to indigence. Sidney. To lessen fertility. £CT This word, before Dr. Johnson's dictionary was pub- lished, was always written impoverish ; nor, since he has reformed the orthography, do we find any considerable difference in the sound of the first syllabte, except in solemn speaking; in this case we must undoubtedly preserve the e in its true sound. — See Embalm. W. EMPO'VERISHER, em-p6v'-er-lsh-ur. n.s. One that makes others poor. That which impairs fer- tility. Mortimer. EMPO'VERISHMENT, em-p&v'-e>-?sh-ment. n. s. Depauperation ; cause of poverty. Spenser. To EMPO'WER, em- P 6iV-ur. v. a., To authorize ; to commission ; to give power. Dryden. To give natural force ; to enable. Baker. E'MPRESS, em'-prtk n. s. [contracted from em- peress.]^ The wile of an emperour. B. Jonson. A female invested with imperial dignity. Miltoji. EMPRI'SE, em-prlze'. n.s. [emprise, Fr.] Attempt of danger ; undertaking of hazard ; enterprise. Spenser. To EMPRI'SON*. See To Imprison. EMPTIER, em'-te-ur. n. s. One that empties. Na- hum, ii. E'MPTINESS, enV-te-ne's. n. s. Absence of pleni- tude ; inanity. Phillips. The state of being emp- ty. Shak. A void space; vacuity; vacuum. Beviky. Want of substance or solidity. Drijden. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability to fill up the desires. Dryden. Vacuity of head ; want of knowledge. Pope. E'MPTION, em'-sh&n. n. s. [emptio, Lat.] The act of purchasing; a purchase. ArbuLhnot. E'MPTY§, em'-te. 412. a. [emfcitf, Sax.] Void; having nothing in it; not full. Shak. Evacuated; no longer full. Spenser. Devoid; unfurnished. Newton. Unsatisfactory ; unable to fill the mind or desires. Pope. Without any thing to carry ; unburthened; unfreighted. Exod. iii. Hungry. Shak. Vacant of head ; ignorant; unskilful. Ra- leigh. Unfruitful; barren. Genesis. Wanting sub- stance ; vain. Drijden. To E'MPTY, em'-te. v. a. To evacuate ; to exhaust. Shakspeare. To E'MPTY*, em'-te. v. n. To become empty. B. Jonson. To EMPU'RPLE, em-pur'-pl. v. a. To make of a purple colour. Milton. EMPU'SE*, em-puse'. n. s. [t^ovca.] A phantom ; a spectre. Bp. Taylor. To EMPU'ZZLE, em-pfiz'-zl. v. a. To perplex ; to put to a stand. Brown. EMPYE'MA, em-pl-e'-ma. 92. n. s. [l^wa.] A collection of purulent matter in any part whatso- ever ; generally used to signify that in the cavity of the breast only. Quincy. §£r I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the sound of the y in the second syllable of this word, merely from the disagreeable effect it has on the ear, to pronounce two vowels of exactly the same sound in immediate succes- sion. This sameness is, in some measure, avoided by giving y the long diphthongal sourd of i ; and the same reason has induced me to the same notation in the word empyrean. If good usage is against me, I submit. W EMPY'REAL, em-p?r'-e-al. a. [^zvpos.] Formed of the element of fire; refined beyond aerial. Milton. EMPYRE'AN, gm-pj-re'-an, or em-plr'-e-an. [See Empyema.] n.s. The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire is supposed to subsist. Milton. 3CT This word has the accent on the penultimate syllable in Sheridan, Kenrick, Barclay, Nares, and Bailey; and on the antepenultimate in Ash, Buchanan, Perry, and Entick : and this last accentuation is, in my opinion, the most correct ; for, as the penultimate is short, there is the same reason for placing the accent on the ante- penultimate as in cerulean ; though poets, with their usual license, generally accent tlv penultimate. — See European. W. EMPYRE'AN*, em-pl-re'-an. or e'm-pfr'-e-an. a. Empyreal. Akenside. E'MPVREUM, em-plr'-re-um. )n. s. [^™ W a.] EMPYRE'UMA^em-pe-ru'-ma. y The burning ot any matter in boiling or distillation. Harvey. EMPYREUMA'TICAL, em-pe-ru-mal'-e-kal. a. Having the smell or taste of burnt substances. Boyle. EMPYREUMA'TICK*, em-pe-ru-mat'-lk. a. Hav- ing the taste or smell of burnt substances. Johnson. EMPY'RICAL*, em-pfr'-e-kal. a. Containing the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan. EMPYRO'SIS, em-pe-r6'-s?s. 520. n. s. [^zvpSw.] Conflagration ; general fire. Hale. ToE'MULATES, em'-u-iate. v. a. [cemulor, Lat.]. To rival ; to propose as one to be equalled or ex- celled. To imitate with hope of equality, or supe- riour excellence. B. Jonson. To be equal to ; to rise to equality with. Shak. To imitate; to copy. Arbuthnot. E'MULATE*, em'-u-lale. a. Ambitious. Shakspeare. EMULATION, em-u-la'-sh&n. n. s. Rivalry ; de sire of superiority. Shak. Envy ; desire of depress ing another; contest; contention. Galat.v. E'MULATIVE, em'-u-la-tiv. a. Inclined to emu lation ; rivalling ; disposed to competition. T. Warton. E'MULATOR, em'-u-Ia-tfir. 166, 521. n. s. A rival; a competitor. Bacon. E'MULATRESS*, em'-u-ia-trSs. n. s. She who is desirous to equal or excel. Shelion. 7'oE'MULE. v. a. To emulate. Spenser. Ob. J roEMU'LGE^e-mdlje'. v. a. [emulgeo, Lat.] To milk out. EMU'LGENT, e-mul'-jent. a. Milking or draining out. — Emulgent vessels, [in anatomy ,] are the two large arteries and veins which arise, the former from the descending trunK of the aorta, the latter from the vena cava. Harris. E'MULOUS, em'-u-lfis. 314. a. Rivalling; engaged in competition. B. Jonson. Desirous of superior!- 1 334 ENC ENC -no, mdve, n6r, not ;— lube, tub, bull ; — 611 ;— pound ;— thin, THis. tv ; desirous to rise above another ; desirous of any excellence possessed by another. Milton. Fac- tious; contentious. Shakspeare. E MULOUSLY, em -ii-lus-le. ad. With desire of ex- celling or outgoing' another. Granrille. EMLLSION. e-muP-shun. n.s. [enud&c, Lat.] A Ibrm of medicine, by bruising oily seeds and ker- nels, and drawing out their substances with some liquor, that thereby becomes milky. Qiiincu. EMI" NCTORIES/ e-munk'-tur-iz. 557,99. n.s, [emunctorium, Lat.] Those parts of the body where any thing excrementiti»us is separated and col- lected. Qltl7ICll. EMl'SCA 'TION*. e-mus-ki -shun. n. s. [emuscor, Lat.] The act of clearing from moss. Evelyn. EN. A" inseparable particle borrowed by us from the French, and by the French formed from the Latin in. Many words are uncertainly written with en or in. In many words en is changed into em for more easy pronunciation. EN*. The plural number, in our old language, of the yerb ; as, I escape, they escape?i : and of the sub- stantive ; as, children, oxen. To ENABLE, en-a'-bl. 405. v. a. To make able ; to empower. Spenser. ENABLEMENT*, en-a'-bl -ment. n.s. Ability; the act of enabling. Bacon. To ENA'CTy, en-akt / . v. a. To act; to perform. Spenser. To establish by law ; to decree. SJiak. To represent by action. Shakspeare. #y* The same observations hold good in words beginning with en as in those with em. — See Embalm and En- comium. W. ENA'CTT, en-akt'. n. s. Purpose; determination. EN A CTOR, en-ak'-tftr. 16G. n.s. One that forms de- crees, or establishes laws. Atterbury. One who| practises or performs any thing. Shakspeare. ENA'CTURE*. en-ak'-lshure. n.s. Purpose; de- termination. Shakspeare. ENALLAGE, en-al'-la-je. n.s. [imWayf,.] A fig- ' ure in grammar, whereby some change is made of j the common modes of speech, as when one mood or lense of a verb is put lor another. KnatcJibull. To ENA MBUSH, en-am'-bush. v. a. To hide in ambush ; to hide with hostile intention. Cliapnian. ToEN T A'MEL$. en-am'-el. 99. v. a. [from amel] To inlay ; to variegate with colours, properly with colours fixed by fire. Donne. To lay upon another lx>dv so as to vary it. Milton. To ENA MEL, en-am'-el. r. n. To practise the use | of enamel. ENA MEL. en-am'-el. n. s. Any thing enamelled or variegated with colours fixed by fire. Fairfax The substance inlaid in other things. ENA'MELLER, en-am'-el-liir. n. s. One that prac- tises the art of enamelling:. Huloet The art of ENA MELLING*. en-am f -el-ling applying enamels on metals. Sir W. Petty. To EN.A MOUR §, en-am'-Or. 314. v.a. [enamourer, Fr.] To inflame with love ; to make fond. Shak. ENAMORA'DO* en-am-o-ra'-d6. n.s. One deeply in love. Sir T. Herbert. ENA RMED*, en-armd'. a. [enarme, Fr,] A term of heraldry, signifying that the horns, hoofs, &c. of anv beast or bird of prey, being their arms or weapons, are of a different colour from that of the bodv. Chancer. ENARRA'TION, en-nar-ra'-shun. n. s. [enarro, Lat.] Explanation; exposition. Hakewill. ENARTHRCKSIS, en-ar-Z/ir^-sis. 520. n.s. [h and aodoov.] The insertion of one bone into another to form a joint. Wiseman. ENATA ; TION, e-na-ta'-shun. n.s. [enato, Lat.] The act of swimming out; escape by swimming. Diet. ENA'TE*, e-nate'. a. [enatus, Lat.] Growing out. Smith. ENA'UNTER, e-nawn'-tflr. ad. [probably from anent.] Lest that. Spenser. [An old word.] To ENA VIGATE* e-nav'-e-gate. v. a. [enavigo, Lai.l To sail over. Cockeram. ENCiE'NIA*. See Encenia. To ENCA'GE, en-kaje'. v. a. [encager, Fr.] To shut up as in a cage; to coop upj to confine. Shakspeare. To ENCA'MP$, en-kamp'. v.n. To pitch tents; to sit down for a time in a march. Exod. xiii. To ENCAMP, en-kamp'. v. a To Ibrm an army into a regular camp ; to order to encamp. 1 Kings, xvi. ENCAMPING*, en-kamp'-?ng. n. s. The place where terns are pitched. 2 Kings, vi. ENCA'MPMENT, en-kamp'-ment. n.s. The act of encamping, or pitching tents. A camp; tents pitch- ed in order. Grew. To ENCA'NKER* Sn-kangk'-ur. v. a. To corrode ; to corrupt. Shelton. To ENCA SE*, en-kase'. v. a. To enclose or hide as in a case or cover. Beaumont and Fletclier. ENCA'USTICE**, en-kaws'-tls. n. s. [Jy™.,™-^.] The art of enamelling or painting by fire. Bailey. ENCA 'USTICK* en-kaws'-tik. a. Belonging to the art of painting with burnt wax; sometimes applied to enamelling. — Encauslick painting was practised bv the ancients, and lately revived. Chambers. To ENCA YE, en-kave'. r. a. [encaver, old Fr.] To hide as in a cave. Shakspeare. ENCEINTE, en-saju'. n. s. [Fr.] Enclosure j ground enclosed with a fortification. With child : a law term. Blackstone. ENCE ATA*, en-se'-ne-a. n.s. plur. [tyKaivta.] Fes- tivals anciently kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches consecrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at certain periods, as at Oxford, at the celebrations of founders and bene- factors. OMisworth. ToENCHA'FE, en-tshafe'. v.a. [eschauffer, Fr.] To enrage; to irritate ; to provoke. Shakspeare. To ENCHAIN, en-tshane'. r. a. [enchainer, Fr.l To fasten with a chain; to hold in chains; to bind; to hold in bondage. Dryden. To link together; to concatenate. Howell. To ENCHANTS, en-tshant'. 79. t;. a. [enchanter, Fr.] To give efficacy to any thing by songs of sor eery. Shak. To subdue by charms or spells. Sidney, To delight in a high degree. Shakspeare. ENCHA'NTER,en-tshan'-tur. 98. n.s. A magician , a sorcerer. Decay of Piety. ENCHA NTLNGLy; Gn-tshan'-ting-Ie. ad. With the force of enchantment. Shakspeare. ENCHA NTMENT, en-tshant'-ment. n.s. Magical charms; spells; incantation. Knolles. Irresistible influence ; overpowering delight. Pope. EXCHA'NTRESS, en-tsban'-tres. *.* A sorceress ; a woman versed in magical arts. Toiler. A wo- I man whose beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence. Dryden. ! To ENCHA' RGE*. en-tsharje'. v.a. To intrust with j to ?ive in charge to. Bp. Hall. ToENCHA'SE, fin-tshase'. v.a. [enchasser, Fr.] To infix ; to enclose in any other body so as to be held fast, but not concealed. Hales. To adorn by being fixed upon it. Shak. To adorn by raised or embossed work. B. Jonson. To engrave. Spenser To paint strongly. Spenser. ENCHE'ASON, en-tshe'-zn. n. Cause; occasion. Spenser. ENCHIRIDION*, en-ke-rld'-e-6n. n. s. [enchi- ridium, Lat.] A little book, which one may carry in his hand ; a manual. Hakewill, ENCPNDERED* en-sfn'-derd. a. Burnt to cinders. Cockeram. To ENCPRCLE, en-seV-kl. v. a. [encerckr, old Fr.] To surround; to environ; to enclose in a ring. ! ENCI'RCLET, en-serk'-let. n.s. A circle; a rhi£. Sidney. ENCLI'TICAL f. en-khY-e-kal. ) a. Relating to en- ENCLFTICK*, en-kflt'-lk. j cliticks. ENCLI'TICK$, en-klit'-Ik. n.s. (ly^m^.] A par- ticle which throws back the accent upon the fore- going syllable. Harris. To ENCLO'ISTER*, en-kldis'-tur. v. a. [enclostrer Fr.] To shut up as in a cloister. Mede. 335 [enchaison, old Fr.] ENC ENC IT 559.—Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met ;—plne, p?n ; Tb ENCLO'SE §, en-kloze 7 . v. a. [enclos, Fr.] To part from things or grounds common by a fence liayward. To environ ; to encircle ; to surround ; to encompass ; to include. Ex. xxviii. To hold by an exclusive claim. ENCLO'SER. en-kld'-zfir. n. s. One that encloses or separates common fields in several distinct prop- erties. Herbert. Any thing in which another is enclosed. ENCLOSURE, en-kW-xhure. n.s. The act of en- closing or environing any thing. Wilkins. The separation of common grounds into distinct pos- sessions. Bacon. The appropriation of things common. Bp. Taylor. State of being shut up in any place. Burnet. The space enclosed. Spenser. Several ; ground enclosed ; ground separated from the common. South. To ENCO'ACH*, gn-k6tsh'. v. a. To carry in a coach. Davies. To ENCO'FFIN*, en-kof-fin. v. a. To enclose in a coffin. Weever. To ENCO'MBER*. See To Encumber. ENCO'MBERMENT*, en-kum'-bor-ment. n. s. [en- combrement, Fr.] Disturbance ; molestation. Spers. ENCO'MIAST, en-k^-me-ast. n.s. [iv^a^.] A panegyrist; a proclaimer of praise; a praiser. ENCOMLVSTICAL, en-ko-me-as'-te-kal. ) ENCOMIA'STICK, en-k6-me-as'-tlk. $ a ' Panegyrical ; laudatory ; containing praise ; be- stowing praise. Dean Kins. ENCOMIA'STICK*, gn-k6-m£-as'-tlk. n. s. The panegyrick itself. B. Jonson. ENCO'MION*, en-ko'-me-on. n. s. Panegyrick. Fotherby. ENCO'MIUM §;, en-ko'-me-um. n. s. [fywS/uw.] Panegyrick ; praise ; eulogy. Gov. of the Tongue. J)^/= Though, in cursory speaking, we frequently hear the e confounded with the short i in the first syllables of encamp, enchant, &c, without any great offence to the ear, yot such an interchange in encomium, encomi- ast, &.C., is not only a departure from propriety, but from politeness ; and it is not a little surprising that Mr. Sheridan should have adopted it. The truth is, preserving the e pure in all words of this form, whether in rapid or deliberate speaking, is a correctness well worthy of attention. W. To ENCOOTASS, en-kum'-pas. v. a. To enclose; to encircle. Shah. To shut in; to surround; to environ. Sliakspeare. To go round any place. ENCO'MPASSMENT, en-kom / -pas-ment.rc. s. Cir- cumlocution ; remote tendency of talk. Shakspeare. ENCO'RE, 6ng-k6re'. ad. [Fr.J Again; once more. Pope. §5= This word is perfectly French, and, as usual, we have adopted it with the original pronunciation. In other words which we have received from the French, where the nasal vowel has occurred, we have substi- tuted an awkward pronunciation in imitation of it, which has at once shown our fondness for foreign modes of speaking, and our incapacity of acquiring them : thus caisson has been turned into cassoon, ballon into balloon, dragon into dragoon, and Chamont (a charac- ter in the Orphan) into Shamooh ; but in the word be- fore us, this nasal sound is followed by c hard, which after w. always involves hard g, 408 ; and this is pre- cisely an English sound. An Englishman, therefore, does not find the difficulty in pronouncing the nasal sound in this word, which he would in another that does not admit of the succeeding hard c or g ; as en- tendement, attentif, &c. : for if, in pronouncing the en in these words, the tongue should once touch the roof of the mouth, the French nasal sound would be ruined. No wonder, then, that a mere English speaker should pronounce this French word so well, and the rest of the nasal vowels so ill. It does not arise from the habit they contract at theatres, (where it would be the most barbarous and ill-bred pronunciation in the world to call for the repetition of an English song in plain Eng- lish.) It does not, I say, arise from custom, but from coincidence. The sound, in the word before us, is com- mon to both nations ; and, though the French may give it a somewhat lighter sound than the English, they are both radically the same. Adopting this word, however, in the theatre, does the English no manner of credit. Every language ought to be sufficient for all its pur- poses. A foreigner who understood our language, but who had never been present at our dramatick perfor mances, would suppose we had no equivalents in Eng- lish, should he hear us cry out encore, bravo, and bra- vissimo, when we only wish to have a song repeated, or to applaud the agility of a dancer. W. To ENCO'RE*, 6ng-k6re'. v. a. To call on a singer or speaker for the repetition of a song or speech, Whiteliead. ENCO'UNTER y ,en-k6un'-tu.r.313. n.s. [enconlre, Fr.] Duel ; single fight ; conflict. Shale. Battle , fight in which enemies rush against each other. Milton. Eager and warm conversation, either of love or anger. Shak. Accidental congress ; sud den meeting. Pope. Unexpected address. Shale Casual incident ; occasion. Pope. To ENCO'UNTER, en-k6un'-lur. v. a. To meet face to face ; to front. Shak. To meet in a hostile manner; to rush against in conflict. Knolles. To meet with reciprocal kindness. Shak. To attack ; to meet in the front. Shak. To oppose; to op- pugn. Acts, xvii. To meet by accident. Shale. To ENCO'UNTER, en-kSun'-tur. v. n. To rush to- gether in a hostile manner ; to conflict. Shak. To engage ; to fight. Knolles. To meet face to face. To come together by chance. ENCOOJNTERER, en-kdvW-v&r-ur. n.s. Oppo- nent; antagonist; enemy. More. One that loves to accost others. Shakspeare. To ENCOURAGES, en-kur'-rldje. 90. v. a. [cn- courager, Fr.] To animate; to incite- to- any thing. Psalm, Ixiv. To give courage to; to support the spirits ; to imbolden. Bacon. To raise confidence; To make confident. Locke. ENCO'URAGEMENT^n-kiV-rldje-ment. n. s. In- citement to any action or practice. Increase of confidence. Phillips. Favour; countenance; sup- port. Otway. ENCOURAGER, en-kur'-rldje-ur. 314. n. s. One that supplies incitements to any thing ; a favourer. Burton. ENCOURAGINGLY*, en-kur'-ridje-lng-le. ad. In a manner that gives encouragement. To ENCRA'DLE*, en-kra'-dl. v. a. To lay in a cra- dle. Spenser. To ENCRE'ASE*. See To Increase. ENCRFMSONED*, en-krfm'-znd. a. Having a crimson colour. Shakspeare. ENCR1SPED*, en-krls'-ped. a. Curling; formed in curls. Skellon. To ENCRO'ACHy, en-kr6tsh / . 295. v. a. [accrocher, from croc, Fr. a hook.] To make invasions upon the right of another ; to put a hook into another man's possessions to draw them away. Spenser. To advance gradually and by stealth upon that to which one has rfo right. Herbert. To ENCRO'ACH, en-krdtsh'. v. n. To creep on gradually without right. Hooker. To pass bounds. Milton. ENCRO'ACH*, en-kritsh'. n. s. Gradual advance ; advance by stealth. South. ENCRO'ACHER, en-kr6tsh'-ur. n. s. One who seizes the possession of another by gradual and si- lent means. Dr. Spenser. One who makes slow and gradual advances beyond his rights. Rich- ardson. ENCRO'ACHINGLY*, en-krdtsh'-ing-le. ad. By way of encroachment. Bailey. ENCROACHMENT, en-kr6lsh'-ment. n. s. An un- lawful gathering in upon another man. Cowel. Advance into the territories or rights of another. To ENCRU'ST*, en-kr&st'.v.a. [encroustei; old Fr.] To cover as with a crust. ToENCU'MBERy, en-kum'-b&r. v. a. [encombrei; Fr.] To clog; to load; to impede. Hooker. To entangle; to embarrass. Dryden. To load with debts. ENCUMBRANCE, en-kfim'-branse. n.s. Clog, load ; impediment. Temple. Excrescence ; use- less addition. Thomson. Burthen upon an estate. Ayliffe. ^ M 336 mm END END — n6, m6ve, n6r, not ;— tube, tub, bull ;— 6il ;— pound ;— th'm, this- ENCY'CLICAL, en-sik'-le-kal. 535. a. [fy*i./cX<*ds.l Circular ; sent round through a large region. Stit- lias fleet. ENCY'CLOPEDE*. en-sl'-klo-pede. n. s. The round of learning. Mannyngham. ENCYCLOPE'DIA§, en-sl-kl6-pe'-de-a. ) [See Cy- ENCYCLOPEDY §, en-sl-klo-pe'-de. \ clope- dia.] n.s. [iyKvtc\oi:aiStia.] The circle of sci- ences ; the round of learning. Broicn. ENCYCLOPE'DIAN*, en-sl-kl6-pe'-de-an. a. Era- bracing the whole round of learning. Burton. ENCYCLOPEDIST*, en-sl-kl6-pe y -dist. n. s. One who assists in compiling books which illustrate the | whole round of learning. Hutton. ENCY'STED, en-sis'-ted. a. [itferfc.] Enclosed in a vesicle or bag. Sharp. END §. end. n. s. [enb, Sax.] The extremity of the length of any thing materially extended. 1 Sam. xiv. Extremity or last part in general. Locke. The last particle of any assignable duration. Judges, xix. The conclusion or cessation of any action. Gen. xlix. Ultimate state ; final doom. Psalm xxxvii. The point beyond which no progression can be made. Psalm cyii. Final determination; conclusion of debate or deliberation. Shak. Death; fate ; decease. Wotton. Cessation ; period. St. Matth. xxiv. Limit; termination. Nalwm, ii. Abo- lition; total loss. Locke. Cause of death; destroy- er. Shak. Consequence; conclusive event. Slmk. Fragment; broken piece. Shak. Purpose; inten- tion. Clarendon. Thing intended ; nnal design. Hooker. — An end. Upright; erect: as, His hair stands an end. Genesis, xxviii. To END, end. v. a. [aenbian, Sax.] To terminate ; to conclude ; to finish. Ruth, ii. To destroy ; to put to death. Shakspeare. To END. end. «. n. To come to an end ; to be fin- ished. Dryden. To die. To terminate ; to con- clude. Bp. Taylor. To cease ; to fail. Locke. To conclude action or discourse. Milton. END-ALL*, end'-all. n. s. Complete termination. Shakspeare. To ENDA'MAGE§, en-dam'-Idje. 99. v. a. [en- dommager, Fr.] To mischief; to prejudice; to harm. Spenser. ENDA'MAGEABLE* en-dam'-idje-a-bl. a. Hurt- ful. ENDAMAGEMENT, eu-dam'-ldje-ment. n. s. Damage ; loss. Huloet. END A WAGING*, en-damMdje-lr.g. n.s. Injury; damage. Milton. T'lENDA'NGERMn-dan'-jur. v. a. To put into hazard ; to bring into peril. Eccles. x. To incur the danger of; to hazard. Bojcon. ENDA'NGERMENT*, en-dan'-jur-ment. n. s. Hazard ; peril. Spenser. To ENDE'AR §, en-deer'. 227. jj. a. [from dear.] To make dear ; to make beloved. Bp. Taylor. To raise the price of a thing. K. James I.'s Proclam. concerning Buildings. ENDEARMENT, en-deer'-ment. n.s. The cause of love ; means by which any thing is endeared. Beaumont and Fletcher. The state of being en- deared ; the state of being loved. South. ENDEA'VOUR§, en-deV-fir. 234.. n.s. [devoir, French ; endecoir.] Labour directed to some cer- tain end. Locke. To ENDEA'VOUR, en-deV-ur. v. n. To labour to a certain purpose. Addison. To ENDEA'VOUR, en-dev'-ur. v.a. To attempt ; to essay. Milton. ENDEA'VOURER, gn-deV-ftr-flr. n.s. One who labours to a certain end. Rymer. ENDE'CAGON, Sn-dek'-a-g&n. n. s. [ivSeKayov.] A plain figure of eleven sides and angles. ENDE'MIAL, en-de'-me-al. ") a. [hhpios.] Pecu- ENDE'MIC AL. gn-dgm'-e-kal. V liar to a country ; ENDEMICK, en-deW-ik. ) used of any dis- ease proceeding from some cause peculiar to the count rv where it reigns. Haireu. To ENDE'NIZE, en-den'-Iz. 159. v. a. [from deni zen."\ To make free ; to enfranchise. Camden. 43 To ENDENIZEN*, en-deV-c-zn. 103, 234. i» To make free ; to naturalize. B. Jonson. E'NDER*, end'-ur. a. *. A finisher. Wicliffe. E'NDING*, end'-?ng. n.s. Conclusion ; consequence. 2 Esdr. ix. Termination of life. Shak. Cessation of any action. Fairfax. End of words as employ- ed for rhymes. Shakspeare. TVENDl'CT*, ) , .... S »• n - [wditer, Fr.] To ToENDITES, S en " aue • I charge any man by a written accusation before a court of justice : as, He was indicted for felony. To draw up ; to com- pose ; to write. Gay. To ENDI'TE, en-dlte'. v. n. To compose. Waller. ENDI'CTMENT, ) , ,,. , ,. ( n. s. A bill or ENDFTEMENT, \ en-dlte'-ment. { declaration made in form of law, for the benefit of the common- wealth ; or an accusation for some offence. Ccnrel. ENDFTER*, en-di'-tftr. n.s. An accuser. Huloet. A composer ; a writer. Gower. E'NDIVE, en'-dlv. n. s. [endive, Fr ] A plant. Mor- timer. E'NDLESS, end'-les. a. Having no end ; being Avithout conclusion or termination. Pope. Infinite in longitudinal extent. Tillotson. Infinite in dura- tion ; perpetual. Hooker. Incessant; continual. Shakspeare^ E'NDLESSLY, end'-les-le. ad. Incessantly ; perpet- ually. Decay of Piety. Without termination of length. E'NDLESSNESS, end'-l&s-nes. n.s. Extension with- out limit. Sir E. Sandys. Perpetuity ; endless duration. The quality cf being round without an end. Donne. E'NDLONG, end'-l&ng. a. Length-ways. Chaucer. In a straight line. Dryden. E'NDMOST, end'-m6sl. a. Remotest ; furthest ; at the farther end. Diet. To ENDO'CTRINE*, en-d6k'-trln. v. a. To in- struet ; to teach. Donne. To ENDORSE §, en-d6rse'. v.a. [endorsser. old Fr.l To register on the back of a writing ; to super- scribe. Bacon. To write on the back of a bill of exchange. To cover on the back. B. Jonson.. ENDORSEMENT, en-dSrse'-ment. n.s. Super scription ; writing on the back. Toiler. Ratifica- tion. Herbert. ENDORSER*, en-dSr'-sfir. n. s. The proprietor of a bill of exchange, who, transferring it to some other, writes his name on the back of it. To ENDO'SS*, en-dos'. v. a. [endosser, Fr.] To en- grave; to carve. Spenser. ToENDO'WS, en-ddfl'. 313. v.a. [indotare, hat] To enrich with a portion. Exodus, xxii. To sup- ply with any external goods. Addison. To enrich with any excellence. Milton. To be the fortune of any one. Shakspeare. ENDO'WER*,en-ddu'-5r. n.s. One who enriches with a portion. Slierwood. ENDOWMENT, en-dou'-ment. n. s. Wealth be- stowed to any person or use. The bestowing or assuring a dower. Cowel. Appropriation of rev enue. Dryden. Gifts of nature. Addison. To ENDRU'DGE*. en-drudje'. v. a. To make a slave or drudge of. Bp. Hall. To ENDU'E, en-du'. v. a. [indtw, Lai] To supply with mental excellencies. Common Prayer. To invest with other powers and advantages than those of the mind. Spenser. ENDURABLE*, en-du'-ra-bl. a. Tolerable ; suf- ferable. Cotgrave. ENDURANCE, en-du'-ranse. n.s. Continuance; lastingness. Spenser. Patience ; sufferance. Mil- ton. State of suffering. South. Delay; procrasti- nation. Shakspeare. I To ENDURES, en-dire', v.a. Wndurer, Fr.] To bear ; to sustain ; to support. Bacon. To bear with patience. Milton. To undergo, to sustain, Dryden. To continue in. Brown. To ENDURE, gn-dure'. v. n. To last; to remain to continue. St. John, vi. To brook • to bear to admit. Esth. viii. ENDURER, en-diV-rur. 98. n. s. One that can bear 337 ENF ENG 0* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mel;— pine, p?n;— or endure ; sustainer; sufferer. Spense?: Continuer; 1 aster. ENDWISE, end'-wlze. ad. Erectly; uprightly; on end. Ray. To ENECATE, eV-e-kate. v. a. [eneco, Lat.] To kill ; to destroy. Harvea. ENEMY, eV-e-me. n. s". [ennemi, Fr.] A publick foe. Davies. A private opponent ; an antagonist. St. Matt. v. Any one who regards another with malevolence; not a friend. Shafc. One that dis- likes. Locke. [In theology.] The fiend ; the devil. Common Prayer. ENERGETICAL*, en-er-j&'-lk-al. a. Forcible ; strong. Cockeram. Operative ; active. Gregory. ENERGETICALLY*, en-er-jeY-ik-al-le. ad. In an operative manner. Potter. ENERGETICK, en-er-jeV-ik. 530. a. Forcible; active ; vigorous. Harvey. Operative ; active ; working. Ore ENERGICK* en-eV-jfk. a. Powerful in effect, Collins To ENERGIZE*, en'-er-jlze. v. a. To give energy; to excite action. Harris. ENERG1ZER*, en'-er-jl-zur. n.s. That which oc- casions or causes. ENERGY §, en'-er-je. 503. n.s. [evjpyeia.] Power not exerted in action. Bacon. Force; vigour; efficacy. Dryden. Faculty; operation. Ray. Strength of expression ; force of signification ; spirit ; life. Roscommon. To ENERVATE §, e-neV-vate. 91. v. a. [enervo, Lat.] To weaken; to deprive of force. Bacon. ENERVATE*, e-neV-vate. a. Weakened ; depriv- ed of lorce. Pope. ENERVATION, en-gr-va'-shun. 530. n. s. The act of weakening ; emasculation. The state of being weakened ; effeminacy. Bacon. To ENERVE, e-neVv'. r. a. To weaken y to break the force of; to crush. Digby. To ENFA'MISH, en-famMsh. v. a. To starve; to famish ; to kill with hunger. Diet. To ENFE'EBLE, en-fe'-bl. 405. v. a. To weaken ; to enervate. Shakspeare. ENFERONED* en-fel'-und. a. [enfelonnir, Fr.] Full of fierceness ; inclined to cruelty. Spenser. To ENFE'OFF$, en-feef. 256. [en-feef, Nares, Slieridan, and Jones ; en-lef, Perry. See Feoff.] i\ a. [feoffamentum, low Lat.] To invest with any dignities or possessions : a law term. Hale. To give up entirely ; to surrender. Shakspeare. ENFF/OFFMENT. en-feef'-ment. n. s. The act of enfeoffing. The instrument or deed by which one is invested with possessions. To ENFETTER, en-feV-tur. v. a. To bind in fet- ters ; to enchain. Shakspeare. Ob. J. To ENFE'VER*, en-fe'-vfir. v. a. [enfievrer, Fr.] To produce fever. Seward. To ENFIERCE*, en-feerse'. v. a. [enfeiir, Fr.] To make fierce. Spenser. ENFILADE, en-fe-lade'. n.s. [Fr.] A straight passage; any thing through which a right line may be drawn. Swinburne. To ENFILA'DE, en-fe-lade'. v. a. To pierce in a| right line. Expedition to Carthao-ena. To ENFIRE, en-fire', v. a. To fire ; to set on fire ; to kindle. Spenser. To ENFORD*. See To Infold. To ENFORCES, en-forse'. «• «• [enforcir, Fr.] To give strength to ; to strengthen. To make or gain by force. Spenser. To put in act by violence. Sliak. To instigate ; to provoke ; to urge on. Spenser. To urge with energy. Clarendon. To compel ; to constrain. Davies. To press with a charge. Shakspeare. To ENFORCE, gn-forse'. v. n. To attempt by force. Wkliffe. To prove ; to evince ; to show beyond contradiction. Hooker. ENFORCE, en-forse'. n.s. Power; strength. Mil- ton. Ob. J. ENFORCEABLE* en-fV-se-bl. a. Having power to compel or constrain. ENFORCEDLY, eWor'-se'd-le. 364. ad. By vio- lence; not voluntarily ; not spontaneously; not by choice. Shakspeare. ENFORCEMENT, en-forse'-ment. n. s. An act of violence ; compulsion ; force offered. Sliak. Sanc- tion ; that which gives force to a law. Locke. Mo- tive of conviction ; urgent evidence. Hammond. Pressing exigence. Shakspeare. ENFORCER, en-fc-r'-sur. 98. n.s. Compeller; one who effects by violence. Beaumont end Fletcher. To ENFORMMn-fSrm'.r.a. To fashion ; to direct ENFO'ULDRED^n-fole'-durd. a. [fo?ddroyer,Fr.] Mixed with lightning. Spenser. Ob. J. To ENFRANCHISES, en-fran'-tshfc. 159. v. a. [from franchise.] To admit to the privileges of a freeman. Davies. To set free from slavery. Ba- con. To free or release from custody. Shakspeare. To denizen ; to endenizen. Watts. ENFRANCHISEMENT, en-fran'-tsh?z-ment. n. s. Investiture of the privileges of a denizen. Cmcel. Release from prison or from slavery. Shakspeare. ENFRANCHISER* en-fran'-tshiz-ur. n.s. One who gives freedom. Sherwood. To ENFRO'WARD*, en-fr6'-ward. v. a. To make perverse or ungovernable. Sir E. Sandys. ENFRO'ZEN^n-fri'-zn. 103. part, [from frozen.] Congealed with cold. Spenser. Ob. J. To ENGA'GE§, Sn-gaje 7 ! v.a. [engager, Fr.] To make liable for a debt to a creditor. Shak. To impawn ; to stake. Hudibras. To enlist ; to bring into a party. Tillotson. To embark in an affair. Sidney. To unite ; to attach ; to make adherent. Addison. To induce ; to win by pleasing means ; to gain. Waller. To bind by any appointment or contract. Atterbury. To seize bv the attention. To employ ; to hold in business. Dryden. To en- counter ; to fight. Clarendon. To ENGA'GE, en-gaje-'. v. n. To conflict; to fight. Clarendon. To embark in any business ; to enlist in any party. Dryden. ENGA'GEDLY*, en-ga'-jed-le. ad. In a way be- speaking attachment to a party. Whitlock. ENGAGEMENT, en-gaje'-ment. n.s. The act of engaging, impawning, or making liable to a debt. Obligation by contract. Atterbury. Adherence to a party or cause; partiality. Swift. Employment of the attention. Rogers. Fight ; conflict ; battle. Dryden. Obligation; motive. Hammond. ENGA'GER*, en-ga/-jur. n. s. One who signs a particular engagement. Ellis. ENGA'GINGLY* en-ga'-jing-le. ad. In a winning or obliging manner. To ENGA'OL, gn-jale'. v. a. [enjaioler, old Fr.] To imprison ; to confine. Shakspeare. To ENGARLANT* en-gal'-lant. v. a. To make a gallant of. B. Jonson. ToENGARBOIL*, en-gar'-boll. v.a. [from gar- boil.] To disorder ; to disturb. Mountagu. To ENGARLAND*, en-gar'-land. v.a. [enguir- lander, Fr.] To encircle with a garland. Sidney. To ENGARRISON, en-gar'-re-sn. 170. v. a. To protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall. ENGA'STRIMUTH*, en-gas'-tr^-mu^. n. s. [iv. yaarrjo, and /u'0o?.] A ventriloquist. To ENGENDER §, en-jeV-dur. 98. v. a. [engendrer, Fr.] To beget between different sexes. Sidney. To produce; to form. ShaA. To excite ; to cause; to produce. Shak. To bring forth. Prior. To ENGENDER, en-jen'-dur. v. n. To be caused to be produced. Dryden. ENGENDERER*, "en-jen'-d&r-ur. n.s. One who begets. Davies. To ENGIRD*, en-glld'. v. a. To brighten ; to illu- minate. Shakspeare. ENGINE $, eV-jfn. n. s. [engin, Fr.] Any mechan- ical complication, in which various movements and parts concur to one effect. Adams. A military machine. Fairfax. An instrument of torture; the Tack. Shak. Any instrument. Raleigh. Any in- strument to throw water upon burning houses. Dryden. Any means used to bring to pass, or to effect Duppa. An agent for another. Dankl. 338 ENG ENL — n6, m n. s. [entab- ENTA'BLEMENT, en-ta'-bl-ment. \ lature,o\d Fr.] The architrave, frieze, and cornice of a pillar Harris. To ENTA'CKLE*, en-tak'-kl. v.a. [from tackle.] To supply with instruments of sailing. Skelion. ENTA'IL§, en-tale'. 202. n.s. [tamer, Fr.] The estate entailed or settled, with regard -to the rule \ of its descent. The rule of descent settled for any estate. Blackstone. Engraver's work ; inlay, [in- taglio, ItalJ Spenser. To ENTA'IL, en-tale', v. a. To settle the descent of any estate so that it cannot be by any subsequent possessor bequeathed at pleasure. Shak. To fix unalienably upon any person or thing. Digby. To carve. Spenser. To ENTA'IL, en-tale', v.n. To cut. Spenser. Ob. J. To ENTA'ME, en-tame', v.a. To tame; to subju- gate ; to subdue. Gower. To ENTA'NGLE §, en-tang'-^l. 405. v. a. [tagl, hair, Gothick.] To inwrap or ensnare with something not easily extricable. To lose in multiplied involu- tions. To twist, or confuse in such a manner as ti.at a separation cannot easily be made. To in- volve in difficulties; to embarrass; to perplex. Shak. To puzzle ; to bewilder. Hayward. To ensnare by captious questions or artful talk. St. Mali. xxii. To distract with variety of cares. 2 Tim. ii. To multiply the intricacies or difficulties of a work. ENTA'NGLEMENT, en-tang'-gl-ment. n. s. Invo- lution of any thing intricate or adhesive. More Perplexity ; puzzle. Glanvifle. ENTA'NGLER, en-tang'-glur. n.s. One that entan- gles. To ENTE'NDER*, en-ten'-dfir. v. a. [from tender.} To treat with kindness; to protect. Young;. To E'NTER§,en'-tgr. 98. v. a. [entrer, Fr.] To go or come into any place. Milton. To initiate in a bu- siness, method, or society. Walton. To introduce or admit into any counsel. Sliak. To set down in a writing. Graunt. 7bE'NTER, en'-ter. v.n. To come in; to go ux, 341 ENT ENT [D= 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, m^t ;— pine, pin : Judges, xviii. To penetrate mentally 3 to make intellectual entrance. Addison. To engage in. Addison. To be initiated in. Milton. ENTERDEAL, en'-ter-dele. n. s. [entre and deal.] Reciprocal transactions. Spenser. Ob. J. ENTERER*, en'-tSr-fir. n.s. One who is making a beginning. Seward. ENTERING, eV-teV-mg. n s. Entrance ; passage into a place. Isaiah, xxiii. To ENTERLA'CE, ^n-ler-lase'. v. a.Jentrelasser, Fr.] To intermix 3 to interweave. Sir T. Elyot. ENTEROCELE, en-teVo-sele. [See Hydrocele.] n. s. [Lat.] A rupture from the bowels pressing through the peritonaeum, so as to fall down into the groin. Quincy. ENTERO'LOGY, en-te-rol'-i-je. n. s. [frrtpov and \6yos.] The anatomical account of the bowels and internal parts. ENTERO'MPHALOS,Sn-tgr-&m'-fa-l6s. n. s. [hre- pov and 6ua\og.] An umbilical or navel rupture. ENTERPA'RLANCE,en-ter-par'-lanse. n.s. [entre and parler, Fr.] Parley 3 mutual talk 3 conference Hay ward., ENTERPLEA'DER, en-tgr-ple'-dur. n. s. [entre ar«,' plead.] The discussing of a point incidentally fall'iig out, before the principal cause can take end. Cowet. ENTERPRISE §\ en'-ter-prlze. n. s. [entreprise, Fr.] An undertaking of hazard 3 an arduous attempt. Judith, ii. To ENTERPRISE, eV-tSr-prlze. v. a. To under- take ; to attempt 5 to essay. Milton. To receive 3 To entertain. Spenser. ENTERPRISER, en'-ter-prl-z&r. n. s. A man of enterprise ; one who undertakes great things. Hay- ward. To ENTERTA'IN§, fri-ter-uW. v. a. [entretenir, Fr.] To converse with 3 to talk with. Locke. To treat at the table. Addison. To receive hospitably. Heb. xiii. To keep in one's service. Spenser, lo reserve in the mind. Decay of Piety. To please ; to amuse ; to divert. Decay of Piety. To admit with satisfaction. Locke. ENTERTAIN*, en-ter-tane'. n, s. [entretien, Fr.] Entertainment. Spenser. Ob. T. ENTERTAINER, en-ter-ta'-nur. n. s. He that keeps others in his service. Bacon. He that treats others at his table. Milton. He that receives sincerely and reverentially. Bp. Hall. He that pleases, di- verts, or amuses. Nash. ENTERTAININGLY*, £n-ter-ta'-n?ng-le. ad. In an amusing manner. Br. Warton. ENTERTAINMENT, 4n-ter-tane'-ment. n. s. Con- versation. Sliak. Treatment at the table ; convivial g revision. Spenser. Hospitable reception. Spenser. Leception ; admission. Sprat. The state of being in pay, as soldiers or servants. Shak. Payment of soldiers or servants. Davies. Amusement; diversion. Bacon. Dramatick performance ; the lower comedy. Gay. ENTERTISSUED,e>ter-tish'-ude. a. [entre and tissue.] Interwoven ot- intermixed with various col- ours or substances. SJiakspeare. ENTHEAT*, en'-lhke. a. [cv6eo S .] Our old word for enthusiastick. W. Hodgson. To ENTHRA'L*. See To Inthral. To ENTHRPL*, en-Z/tril'. v. a. [from thrill.] To pierce ; to penetrate. Sackville. To ENTHRONE §, &n-thrt)i\e' . v. a. [enthroner, Fr.] To place on a regal seat. Shak. To invest with sovereign authority. Se/den. To ENTHRONING*, en-tfir^-nlze. 159. v. a. To enthrone. Davies. To ENTHUNDER*, en-tfuV-d&r. v. n. To make a noise like thunder. Mirror for Magistrates. ENTHUSIASM^, en-tfuV-zhe-azm. n.s. [hBovaaa- fibi.] A vain belief of private revelation ; a vain confidence of divine favour. Locke. Heat of im- agination ; violence of passion. Warburton. Ele- vation of fancy ; exaltation of ideas. Dry den. ft^- For the pronunciation of the third syllable of this and the three [4] following words, see Ecclksiastick, and Principles, No. 451. W. ENTHUSIAST, en-tfnV-zhe-ast. n. s. One who vain- ly imagines a private revelation ; one who has a vain confidence of his intercourse with God. Pagitt. One of a hot imagination, or violent passions. Pope. One of elevated taney, or exalted ideas. Dryden. ENTHUSIASTICAL, en-tfnV-zhe-as'-te-kal. ; ENTHUSLVSTICK, eVtfnV-zhe-as'-tlk. \ a - [hdovciaanicds •] Persuaded of some communication with the Deity. Cabxmy. Vehemently hot in any cause. Elevated in fancy ; exalted in ideas. Burnet. ENTHUSIA'STICK*,en-tfiu-zhe-as'-tik. n. s. An enthusiast. Sir T. Herbert. ENTHYMEM, en'-^e-mem. n. s. [Mv^a.] An argument consisting only of an antecedent and con- sequential proposition 3 a syllogism where the ma jor proposition is suppressed, and only the minor and consequence produced in words. Brown. To ENTICE $, en-tlse'. v. a. [enticei; old Fr.] To al- lure 3 to attract 3 to draw by blandishments or hopes. Ascham. ENTICEMENT, en-tlse'-ment. n. s. The act or practice of alluring to ill. Hooker. The means by which one is allured to ill 3 blandishment 3 allure- ment. Shakspeare. ENTFCER, en-ti'-s&r. 98. n. s. One that allures to ill. Burton. ENTICING*, Sn-tl'-sfng. n. s. The act of alluring to evil. South. ENTICINGLY, en-tF-smg-le. ad. Charmingly 3 in a winning manner. Beaumont and Fletcher. ENTIERTY, en'-te-gr-te. n. s. [entierte, old Fr.] The whole j not barely a part. Bacon. ENTIRE §, en-tlre'. a. [entier, Fr.] Whole ; undi- vided. Bacon.. Unbroken 3 complete in its parts. Newton. Full 3 complete 5 comprising all requisites in itself. Hooker. Sincere 3 hearty. Sluxk. Firm 3 sure ; solid ; fixed. Prior. Unmingled 3 unallayed. Milton. Honest 5 firmly adherent } faithful. Claren- don. In full strength 3 with vigour unabated ; with power unbroken. Impartial. Clarendon. Inward. Spenser. ENTIRELY, en-tire'-le. ad. In the whole 3 without division. Raleigh. Completely 5 fully. Milton. With firm adherence 3 faithfully. Spenser. ENTIRENESS, en-tlre'-nes. n. s. Totality ; com pleteness; fulness. Donne. Honesty; integrity Intimacy ; familiarity 3 friendship. Bp. Hall. ENTIRETY*, en-tlre'-te. n.s. Completeness. Black- stone. See Entierty. 95= This word, though very expressive, is ill formed, as it, in some measure, clashes with that numerous class of words ending in ity, where the i makes a distinct syl- lable ; but, as this word is a formation of our own, we must be careful to pronounce it in three syllables. W. ENT1TATIVE*, en'-te-ta-tlv. a. Considered by it- self; abstracted from all circumstances. Ellis. ENTITATIVELY*, en'-te-ta-tiv-le. ad. A thing considered nakedly and precisely, according to what it is in itself. Chambers. To ENTITLE, en-ti'-tl. 405. v. a. [entituler, Fr.] To grace or dignify with a title or honourable appella- tion. To give a title or discriminative appellation. Hooker. To superscribe, or prefix as a title. Locke. To give a claim to any thing. Dryden. To grant any thing as claimed by a title. Locke. ENTITY, eV-te-te. n. s. [entiias, low Lat.] Some- thing which really is 5 a real being. Brotcn. A particular species of being. Bacon. To ENTO'IL, en-toll', v. a. To ensnare 5 to entangle } to bring into toils or nets. Bacon. To ENTOMB ^en-todm'. v. a. [entomber, o\dFr.J To put into a tomb 3 to bury. Hooker. ENT6'MBMENT*, e'n-tfidm'-ment. n. s. BuriaL Barrow. ENTOMO'LOGY*, en-t6-m6l'-6-je. n. s. [ivro/xov and \6yo$.] That part of natural history which treats of insects. Wliite. ENTORTILA'TION*, en-tor-te-la'-shun. n. t. [en- tortiliement, Fr.] A turning into a circle or round figure. Donne. To ENTRA'IL, en-trale'. v. a. [intralciare, Ital.] To mingle ; to interweave 5 to diversify. Spenw. 342 ENU ENW -n6, move, ndr, n6t ; — t6be, tfib, bfilJ ,' — 611 ; — pound ;—th\n, THis. E'NTRAILS, en'-lrilz. 208. n. s. [without a siiigu lar.] [entraitles, Fr.] The intestines ; the inward parts ; the bowels. &hak. The internal parts. Sluik. ENTRAMMELLED* en-trW-meld. a. [from trammel.] Curled ; frizzled. Sherwood. E'NTRANCE, en'-transe. n. s. [entrant, Fr.] The power of entering' into a place. Slink. The act of entering. Sliak. The passage by which a place is entered ; avenue. Judges, iv. Initiation : com- mencement. Locke. Intellectual ingress ; knowl- edge. Bacon. The act of taking possession of an office or dignity. Hazjward. The beginning of any thing. Hakeici'll. To ENTRANCE, en-transe'. 91. v. a. [from trance.] To put into a trance. To put into an ecstasy. Milton. To ENTRA'P, en-trap', v. a. [entraper, old Fr.] To ensnare ; to catch in a trap. Spenser. To involve unexpectedly in difficulties ; to entangle. Spenser. To take advantage of. Ecclus. viii. To ENTREA'SURE*. See To Intreasure. To ENTRE'AT §, en-trete'. 227. v. a. [trailer, Fr.] To petition 5 to solicit 3 to importune. Gen. xxv. To prevail upon by solicitation. Gen. xxv. To treat or use well or ill. Ecclus. vii. To entertain ; to amuse. Sliak. To entertain ; to receive. Spenser. To ENTRE'AT, en-trete'. v. n. To offer a treaty or compact. 1 Mace. x. To treat ; to discourse. Hake- will. To make a .petition. Sliakspeare. ENTRE'AT*, en-trete'. n. s. Entreaty. Tragedy of Soliman and Perseda. Ob. T. ENTRE'ATABLE*, en-tre'-ta-bl. a. That may be entreated, or is soon entreated. Huloet. ENTRE'ATANCE, en-tr^-tanse. n. s. Petition entreaty : solicitation. Fairfax. Ob. J. ENTREATER*, en-tre'-tfir. n.s. One who makes a petition. Futce. ENTRE'ATIVE*, en-tre'-tlv. a. Treating; plead- ing. Brewer. ENTRE'ATY, en-tre'-te. n.s. Petition; prayer; so- licitation; request. Sliak. Reception; entertain- ment. B. Jonson. EXTREME' TS. n. s. [Fr.] Small plates set be- tween the main dishes. Mortimer. ENTREPOT*, 6n-tre-p6'. n.s. [Fr.] A maga- zine; a warehouse. Pownall. To ENTRI'CK* en-trlk'. v. a. [irdriquer, old Fr.] To deceive; to perplex; to entangle. Chaucer. E NTRY, en'-tre. n. s. The passage by which any one enters a house. Bacon. The act of entrance ; ingress. Bacon. The act of taking possession of any estate. The act of registering or setting down in writing. Bacon. The act of entering pubhckly into any city. Bacon. To ENTU'NE*, en-time 7 , v. a. [entonner, old Fr.] To tune ; to chant. Chaucer. To ENTWFNE*. See To Intwine. To ENTWFST*, en-twlst'. v> a. To wreath round, or together. Shakspeare. To EN U'BILATE, e-nu'-be-late. v. n. [e and nubile, Lat.] To clear from clouds. Diet. To ENU'CLEATE §, e-nu'-kle-ate. v. a. [enucleo, Lat.] To solve ; to clear; to disentangle. ENUCLEATION*, e-nu-kle-a'-shfin. n. s. Expla- nation ; plain manifestation. Cotgrave. To ENUMERATE $, e-nu'-me-rate. v. a. [enumero, Lat.] To reckon up singly. Wake. ENUMERATION, e-nu-me-ra'-shfin. n. s. The act of numbering or counting over. Sprat. ENUMERATP7E*, e-ntf-me-ra-tlv. a. Reckoning up siug-ly ; counting over. Bp. Taylor. To ENUNCIATE $, e-nfin'-she-ate. v. a. [enuncia, Lat.] To declare ; to proclaim ; to relate ; to ex- press. Bp. Barlow. ENUNCIATION, e-nun-she-a'-shfin. n. s. Declara- tion ; publick attestation. Bp. Taylor. Intelligence ; information. Hale. Expression, in writing. Play- fair. Manner of utterance. Lord Chesterfield. ENU'NCIATIVE, e-nfln'-she-a-dv. a. Declarative; expressive. Sir T. Elyot. ENU'NCIATFVELY, e-nfin'-she-a-tlv-le. [See Pro- nunciation.] ad. Declaratively, To ENU'RE*. See To Inure. To ENVA'SSAL*, en-vas'-sal. v. a. [from vassal.'] To make over to another as his slave. More. To ENVE'IGLE*. See To Inveic.i e. To ENVELOPES, en-vel'-up. v. a. [enveloper, Fr.] To inwrap ; to cover. Cliaucer. To hide ; to sur round. Locke. To line; to cover on the inside. Spenser. ENVELOPE, 6n-ve-l6jpe / . [en'-ve-lope, Perry ; en-ve-l6pe', Jones ; en-veV-up, Webster.] n. s. [Fr. j A wrapper; an outward case. Burnet. $CT This word, signifying the outward case of a letter, is always pronounced in the French manner by those who can pronounce French, and, by those who cannot, the initial e is changed into an 0. Sometimes a mere Eng- lishman attempts to give the nasal vowel the French sound, and exposes himself to laughter by pronouncing g after it, as if written ongvelopc. This is as ridicu- lous, to a polite ear, as if he pronounced it, as it ought to be pronounced, like the verb to envelope. W. ENVE'LOPEMENT*, en-vel'-up-ment. n. s. Per- plexity; entanglement. Search. To ENVE'NOM, en-ven'-um. 166. v. a. [from miom.j To taint with poison ; to poison. Shak. To make odious. Sliak. To enrage ; to exasperate. Dryden. To ENVE'RMEIL*, en-ver'-mele. v. a. [vermeil Fr.l To dye red. Milton. E'NYTABLE, en'-ve-a-bl. 405. a. Deserving envy: such as may excite envy. Carew. E'NVLER, en'-ve-ur. 98. n.s. One that envies an- other; a m aligner. Bacon. E'NVIOUS, en'-ve-us. 314. a. Infected with envy : pained by the excellence or happiness of another. Sidney. E'NVIOUSLY, en'-ve-fis-le. ad. With envy; with malignity; with ill-will. Duppa. To ENVI'RON $, en-vl'-run. 166. v. a. [environner, Fr.] To surround ; to encompass. Joshua, vii. To involve ; to envelope. Donne. To surround in a hostile manner ; to besiege ; to hem in. Shak. To enclose ; to invest. Cleaveland. ENVFRONS, 6n-ve-r6nz', or en-vi'-runz. 166. n.s. [environs, Fr.] The neighbourhood or neighbour- ing places round about the country. Lord Chester- £5" This word is in general use, and ought to be pro- nounced like the English verb to environ -. but the van- ity of appearing polite keeps it still in the French pro- nunciation ; and, as the nasal vowels in the first and last syllables are not followed by hard c or g, it is impossible for a mere Englishman to pronounce it fash- ionably. — See Encore. W. E'NVOY§, en'-vSe. n.s. [envoy e, Fr.] A publick minister sent from one power to ano'her. Denham. A publick messenger, in dignity be'ow an ambas- sadour. Sir T. Herbert. A messenger. Blackmorc. Formerly a kind of postscript, sent with composi- tions, to enforce or recommend what had been pre- viously written, whether in prose or rhyme. War ton. E'NVOYSHIP*, en'-v6e-shfp. n.s. The office of an envoy. Coventry. To E'NVY§, en' -ve. v. a. [envier, Fr.] To hate an- other for excellence, happiness, or success. Prov. hi. To grieve at any qualities of excellence in another. Shak. To grudge ; to impart unwillingly; to with- hold maliciously. Dryden. 95° The ancient pronunciation of this word was with the accent on the last syllable, and the y sounded as in eye, as the Scotch pronounce it at this day. W. To E'NVY, en'-ve. v. n. To feel envy ; to feel pain at the sight of excellence or felicity. Bp. Taylor. E'NVY, en'-ve. 182. n. s. Pain felt and malignity conceived at the sight of excellence or happiness. Ray. Rivalry ; competition. Dryden. Malice j malignity. Shak. Publick odium ; ill-repute. Ba- con. E'N VYING*, en'-ve-Jng. n.s. Ill-will ; malice. Gala- Hans, v. ENWA'LLOWED*, en-w&l'-lode. part. a. Wallow- ing. Spenser. 343 KPI EP1 O" 559.- -File, far, fall, fat; — me, met; — pine, pin; — To ENWHE'EL, en-hweel'. v. a. [from wheel.] Tol encompass; to encircle. Sfiakspeare. To ENW1 DEN*, en-wl'-dn. v. a. To make wider. | TflENWO'MB,8n-wWm'. v. a. [from womb.-] To make pregnant. Spenser. To bury ; to hide as in a womb. Donne, To ENWRAP §*. See TWnwrap. ENWRA'PMENT*, en-rap'-ment. n.s. A covering; a wrapper. Shuckford. EOLIAN*, e-o'-le-an. ) a. [from uEolw.] Denoting EO'LICK*, e-&l'-ik. \ one of the five dialects of the Greek tongue. Also a particular kind of verse ; and, in musick, one of the modes of the ancients. Milton. EO'LIAN Harp*, e-o'-le-an-harp. An instrument so called from iEolus, the heathen deity of winds ; as it produces its wild and often exquisite strains merely by the action of the wind. Thomson. EO'LIPILE, e-ol'-e-plle. n.s. [jEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of metal with a long pipe; which ball, filled with water and exposed to the fire, sends out, as the water heats, at intervals, blasts of cold wind through the pipe. Burnet. E'PACT, e'-pakt. n.s. [haKT&$.] A number, where- by we note the excess of the common solar year above the lunar, and thereby may find out the age of the moon every year. Harris. EPiENE'TICK*, ep-e-neV-lk. a. [haivtiriKos.] Lau- datorv; panegyrical. Phillips. EPA'ULEMENT, e-pawl'-ment. n. s. [Fr.] [In for- tification.] A sidework made either of earth thrown up, of bags of earth, gabions, or of fascines and earth. Harris. EPAULE'T*, ep'-aw-let. n. s. [epaulette, Fr.] An or- nament for the shoulder ; a shoulder-knot ; chiefly now a military word. Burke. EPE'NTHESIS,£-p6n'-*te-s?s.503. n.s. [hevdemg.] The addition of a vowel or consonant in the middle of a word. Harris. E'PHA, e'-fa. n. s. [Heb.] A measure among the Jews, containing fifteen solid inches. Ezek. xlv. EPHE'MERA, i-fem'-e-ra. 92. n, s. [e^epi/.] A fe- ver that terminates in one day. An insect that lives only one day. §Cr I was much surprised when I found Mr. Sheridan had given the long open sound of e to the second syllable of ephemera, ephemeris, &c. If it was in compliment to the Greek eta, the same reason should have induced him to give the sound of long e to the first syllable of hemistich, demagogue, and rhetorick. TV. EPHEMERAL, e-fem'-e-ral. 88. ) a. Diurnal; EPHE'MERICK, e-fem'-e-rik. 510. $ beginning and ending in a day. Wotton. EPHEiWRlDESMf-e-meV-e-dez. n.s. Astronom- ical tables, showing the present state of the heavens for every day at noon. Burton. EPHE'MERI*S$, e-fem'-e-rk n. s. [fyvuzpis.] A journal ; an account of daily transactions. An ac- count of the daily motions and situations of the plan- ets. Dryden. EPHE'MERIST, e-fem'-e-rlst. n. s. One who con- sults the planets ; one who studies or practises astrology. Howell. EPHF/MERON-WORM, e-fem'-e-ron-wurm. n. s. A sort of worm that lives but a day. Derham. EPHE'MEROUS*, e-fem'-e-rus. a. Beginning and ending in a day. Burke. EPHESIAN*, "e-fe'-zhun. n. s. [from Ephesus.] One of those in Ephesus, to whom St. Paul ad- dressed an epistle. Bp. Percy. In the time of Shakspeare, a vulgar appellation, or familiar phrase, probably derived from the dissolute man- ners of the Ephesians. Shakspeare. EPHIA'LTES*, ef-e-al'-tez. n. s. [lT7i s .} The thin movable cartilage, in form of a little tongue, which covers the aperture of the windpipe Ash. E'PIGRAM §, ep'-e-gram. n. s. [epigramma, Lat.J A short poem terminating in a point. Shakspeare EPIGRAMMA'TICAL, ep-e-gram-mat'-e-kal. ? EPIGRAMMA'TICK, ep-e-gram-mat'-fk. 509. > a " Dealing in epigrams ; writing epigrams. Camden. Suitable, or belonging to epigrams. Addison. EPIGRA'MMATIST, ep-e-gram'-ma-tlst. n. s. One who writes or deals in epigrams. Peacham. Pope. ETIGRAPH*, ep'-e-graf. n. s. [hiypcuprj.] A title; an inscription. Bullokar. EPFGRAPHE. n. 5. An inscription on a statue. Diet. E'PILEPSY§,ep'-e-lep-se.n..s. [hM ls .] A con- vulsion, or convulsive motion of the whole body, or of some of its parts, with a loss of sense. Quincy. EPILETT1CAL*, ep-e-lep'-te-kal. a. Convulsed , disordered as by an epilepsy. Spenser. EPILETTICK, «p-A-1ep / -tik.509.a. Diseased with an epilepsy. Arbuthnot. EPI'LOGISM*. e-pIl'-6-j?zm. n. s. [hiXoytaubs.] Computation enumeration. Gregory. ■«vH ■ EPI EQU -n6, move, ndr, ndt ;— tube, tub, bull ;— oil ;— pound ;— thin, Tuis. EPILOG PSTICK*, ep-e-lo-j] s '-iik. a. Having the nature of an epilogue. Warton. To EPPLOGISE*. See To Emloouize. E'PILOGUE? e>'-e-l6g. 338. n. s. [hi\oyo S .] The poem or speech at the end of a play. Shakspeare To E'PILOGUIZE*. e-pil'-6-gylze. v. n. To make conclusion or end. Cockeram. To speak an epi- logue. Milton. To EPPLOGUIZE*, e-pil'^-gylze. v. a. To add to in the manner of an epilogue. Student. EPINPCTON*, ep-e-nislZ-e-un. n. s. [hivmov.] A song of triumph. T. Warton. EPINY'CTIS, ep-e-nik'-tis. n. s. [imwjcrts.] A sore at the corner ot the eye. Wiseman. EPIPHANY, e-piP-fa-ne. n. s. [h«f>avtia] A church festival, celebrated on the twelfth day after Christ- mas, in commemoration of our Saviour's being manifested to the world, by the appearance of a miraculous blazing star, which conducted the magi to the place where he was. Wlieatleij. EPIPHONE'MA, ep-e-fo-ne'-ma. 92. n. s. [htv\\ov, o-trippa.] Is applied to plants that bear their seed on the back part of their leaves. Harris. m EPIPHYSIS, e-pif-e-sis. 520. n.s. [hid>vm S .] Ac- cretion ; the part added by accretion. Wiseman. EPPPLOCE, e-pip'-lo-se. n. s. [hnrXeKr,.-] A figure in rhetorick, by which one aggravation, or striking circumstance, is added in due gradation to another. EPPSCOPACY, e-pis'^-pa-se. n.s. [episcopates, Lat.] The government of bishops, the government of the church established bv the aoostles. Clarendon. EPPSCOPAL, e-pls'-ko-pal. a. [episcopus, Lat.] Be- longing to a bishop. Hooker. Vested in a bishop. Rogers. EPISCOPALIANS*, e-pls-ki-paMe-anz. n. s. plur. Those who adhere to the established church of England. EPPSCOPALLY* e-pfs'-ko-pal-le. ad. In an epis- copal manner ; bv episcopal authority. Burnet. EPPSCOPATE, eVs'-ko-pate. 91. n. s. A bish- oprick ; the office and dignity of a bishop. Arnatd. E'PISCOPY*. n. s. [hioKovios] Survey ; search. Milton. ETISODE §, ey-e-sode. n. s. [hiawtri.'] An inci- dental narrative, or digression in a poem, separa- ble from the main subject, yet rising naturally from it. Addison. EPISODICAL, ep-e-sod'-e-kal. >«. Contained in EPISO'DICK, ep-e-sodMk.509. ] an episode j per- taining to an episode. Dryden. EPISPA'STICK, ep-e-spas'-llk. n. s. [M and c-du.~] Drawing. Blistering. Arbuthnot. EPPSTLE §, e-p?s'-sl. 472. [See Apostle.] n. s. [ffftoroX^.] A letter. Dryden. EPPSTOLARY, e-pV-to-lar-e. a. Relating to let- ters ; suitable to letters. Warton. Transacted by letters. Addison. EPISTO'LICAL*, gp-fs-tol'-e-kal. a. Having the form and manner of an epistle. Bent.ley. EPPSTLER, e-pfs'-lur. 98. n. s. A writer of letters. Bp. Hall. Formerly he who regularly assisted at the communion table in the service of our church, and read in u«e epistle. Const, and Can. To EPPSTOLiZE*, e-p?s'-t6-llze. v. n. To write letters. Howell. EPISTROPHEI e-p?s'-tr6-fe. n. s. [hiarpoff,.] [In rhetorick.] A figure which concludes each member of a sentence with the same affirmation. Cham- bers. E'PISTYLE* V-e-stlle. n - s - [hierohov.] An ar- chitrave. EPFTASIS*, e-pTt'-a-s?s. n. s. [immvaA In the an- cient drama, the progress of the plot. B. Jonson. ETTTAPHS/ey-e-tafTrc.s. [hiraftov.] An inscri tion upon a tomb Sliakspeare. 44 inscrip- EPITA'PHIAN*, Sp-e-uV-fe-an. a. Pertaining to an epitaph. Milton. EPITHALA'MIUM, ep-e-tfia-la'-me-fim. n. s. [hi- 0(iAo/i(ov.] A nuptial song 5 a compliment upon marriage. Sandys. EPITHA'LAMY*, ep-£-tfial'-a-me. n. s. A nuptia) song. Cliudleigh. E'PITHEM, ep'-e-tfiem. n. s. [hid^a.] A liquid medicament extemaily applied. Brown. E'PITHETS, ep'-e-i/iet. n.s. [hl9r,rov.] An adjec- tive denoting any quality, good or bad. Bp. Hall. To E'PITHET*, ep'-e-tfiet. v. a. To entitle 5 to de- scribe the quality of. Wotton. EPPTOMEtf, e-p?t'-6-me. n. s. [hiropf,.] Abridge- ment; abbreviature; compendious abstract. Wotton. To EPPTOMISE, e-ph'-o-mlze. v. a. To abstract ; to contract into a narrow space. Donne. To di- minish; to curtail. Addison. EPPTOMISER. e-plt'-o-ml-zur. ) n.s. Anabridger; EPPTOMIST, e-pit'-o-rnJst. $ an abstracter. Burton. Milton. E'POCH, ep / -6k, or e'-pok. ) n. s. [ho X fi-] Tlie time ETOCHA, ep'-6-ka. \ at which a new com- putation is begun ; the time from which dates are numbered. South. 35= As the last of these words is Latin, from the Greek ho%ii, the Latin accent and quantity on the antepenul- timate syllable is preserved by polite speakers ; and the first, being anglicised, and containing only two sylla- bles, falls into the quantity of the original. Buchanan, Nares, and Ash, make the first syllable of epoch short ; but Perry and Kenrick, in my opinion, make it more properly long. W. E / PODE,ep / -° de ; or €! / -p6de. n , s , [hu>So;.] Thestan za following the strophe and aiitistrophe. Milton. 05° Entick, Scott, Perry, W. Johnston, Nares, and Ash, make the first e short ; but Kenrick makes it long, as, in my opinion, it ought to be. W. EPOPE'E, ep-6-pe'. n.s. {ho-oha.'] Anepickorhe- roick poem. Dryden. E'PULARY 6*, ep'-ii-la-re. a. [epularis, Lat.] Be- longing to feasts or banquets. Scott. EPULA'TION, ep-u-la'-shun. ?i. s. Banquet; feast. Brovm. EPULO'TICK, ep-u-Iot'-fk. n. s. [hovMrtKos.] A cicatrizing medicament. Wiseman. EQUABILITY, e-kwa-bil'-e-te. n. s. Equality to itself; evenness ; uniformity. Ray. Evenness of temper. Sir T. Elyot. E'UUABLES, e'-kwa-bl. 405. a. [cequabilis, Lat.] Equal to itself; even ; uniform. Bentley. E'Q.UABLY, e'-kwa-ble. ad. Uniformly; evenly; equally to itself. Cheyne. EQUALS, e'-kwal. 36, 88. a. [azqualis, Lat.] Like another in bulk, or any quality that admits com- parison. Ecclus. xxxii. Adequate to any purpose. Clarendon.. Even; uniform. Dryden. Injustpro- portion. Dryden. Impartial ; neutral ; just. Ezek. xviii. Indifferent. Beaumont and Fletcher. Equi table ; advantageous alike to both parties. 2 Mace xiii. Being upon the same terms. 2 Mace. viii. E'QUAL, e'-kwal. n. s. One not inferiour or supe riour to another. 2 Mace. ix. One of the same age Gal. Equality. Spenser. To E'QUAL, e'-kwal. v. a. To make one thing or person equal to another. Lament. To rise to the same slate with another person. Trumbull. To be equal to. Sliak. To recompense fully. Dryden. EQUALISA'TION* e-kwal-e-za'-shfin. n. s. State of equality. Burke. To E'QUALISE, e'-kwa-Uze. v. a. To make even. Brown. To be equal to. Fuller. To make equal. More. EQUALITY, e-kwol'-e-te. 86. n. s. Likeness with regard to any quantities compared. SJtak. The same degree of dignity. Milton. Evenness; uni- formity; equability. Brown. E'QUALLY, e'-kwal-le. ad. In the same degree with another. Rogers. Evenly; equably; uni- formly. Locke. Impartially. Shak. In just pro- portion. Beaumont and Fletclier. E'QU ALNESS, e'-kwal-nes. n. s. Equality. Sha/c. 345 EQU EQU [ST 559.- -Fate far, fall, fat; — me, m£t ; —pine, pin ; — EQU ANGULAR, e-kwang'-gu-lar. a. [cequus and angulus, Lat.] Consisting of equal angles. EQUANIMITY, e-kwa-nmV-e-te. n. s. [cequanimi- tas, Lat.] Evenness of mind, neither elated nor depressed. Toiler. EQUA'NIMOUS, e-kwaiV-e-m&s. a. [cequanimis, Lat.l Even ; not dejected ; not elated. EQUATION, e-kwa'-shun. n. s. [cequare, Lat.l The investigation of a mean proportion collected from the extremities of excess and defect, to be ap- plied to the whole. Holder. EQUATION, e-kwa'-shun. [In algebra.] An ex- pression of the same quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value. Diet. EQUATION, e-kwa'-shun. [In astronomy.] The difference between the time marked out by the sun's apparent motion, and that measured by its real mo- tion. Diet. EQUATORS, e-kwa'-t&r. 166. n. s. [cequator, Lat.] A great circle, whose poles are the poles of the world. It divides the globe into two equal parts, the northern and southern hemispheres. Harris. EQUATORIAL, e-kwa-t^-re-al. a. Pertaining to the equator ; taken at the equator. Cheyne. E QUERY, h^j/iU.*. [escurie, Fr.] A EQUE'RRY, \ e " Kwer e - } grand lodge or stable for horses. An officer who has the care of horses. Tatler. EQUESTRIAN, e-kwes'-tre-an. a. Being on horse- back. Spectator. Skilled in horsemanship. Be- longing to the second rank in Rome. Ld. Lxjtlelton. EQUIANGULAR*. See Equangular. EQUICRURAL, e-kwe-kroo'-ral. ) a. [cequus and EQUICRU'RE, e-kwe-kro6r'. \ crus, Lat.] Having legs of an equal length. Having the legs of an equal length, and longer than the base ; isos- celes. Digby. EQUIDISTANCE §*, e-kwe-dV-tanse. n. s. Equal distance or remoteness. EQUIDFSTANT, e-kwe-dls'-tant. n.s. [cequus and distantia, Lat.] Equal distanse or remoteness. Bp. Hall. EQUIDFSTANT, e-kw-e-diY-tant. a. At the same distance. Donne. EQUIDFSTANTLY, e-kwe-dls'-tant-le. ad. At the same distance. Brown. EQUIFO RMITY, e-kwe-for'-mti-te. n. s. [cequus and forma, Lat.] Uniform equality. Brown. EQUILATERAL, e-kwe-lat 7 -er-al. a. [cequus and lotus, Lat.] Having all sides equal. Bacon. EQUILATERAL*, e-kwe-lat'-er-al. n. s. A side exactly corresponding to others. Sir T. Herbert. ToEQUILFBRATE^e-kwe-ll'-brate. v. a. [equi- librium, Lat.] To balance equally. Boyle. EQUILIBRATION, e-kwe-li-bra'-shun. n. s. Equi- poise ; the act of keeping the balance even. Brown. EQUILFBRIOUS*, e-kwe-llb'-re-us. a. Equally poised. Glanville. EQJJILFBRIOUSLY*, e-kwe-lib'-re-us-le. ad. In EQUILIBRIST*, e-kw?l'-e-brfst. n. s. One mat balances a thing equally. Granger. EQUILFBRITY*,e-kwe-hV-re-te. n.s. Equality of weight. Cockeram. EQUILIBRIUM, e-kwe-llb'-re-flm. n.s. [Lat.] Equipoise ; equality of weight. Equality of evi- dence, motives, or powers of any kind. South, EQUINE CESSARY, e-kwe-nes'-ses-sar-e. a. [ce- quus and necessarius, Lat.] Needful in the same degree. Hudibras. EQUINO'CTIAL, e-kwe-n&k'-shal. 88. n. s. The line that encompasses the world at an equal dis- tance from either pole, to which circle when the sun comes, he makes equal days and nights all over the globe : the same with equator. EQUINO'CTIAL, e-kwe-n&k'-shal. a. Pertaining to the equinox. Milton. Happening about the time of the equinoxes. Being near the equinoc- tial line. Phillips. EQUINO'CTIALLY, e-kwe-n&k'-shal-e. ad. In the direction of the equinoctial. Brown. E'QUINOXfc, e'-kwe-n&ks. n. s. [cequus and nox, Lat.] Equinoxes are the precise times in which the sun enters into the first point of Aries and Libra for then, moving exactly under the equinoctial, he makes our days and nights equal. Harris. Equali- ty; even measure. Sliak. Equinoctial wind. Dryden. QUE EQUINU'MERANT, e-kwe-nu'-me-rant. a. [cequus and numerus, Lat.] Having the same number. Arbuthnot. To EQUIP $, e-kwip'. v. a. [equipper, Fr.] To fit a ship for sea. Bp. Patrick. To furnish for a horse- man or cavalier. To furnish; to accoutre; to dress out. Addison. E'QUlPAGE^k'-kwe-paje. 90. n.s. [equipage, Fr.] Furniture for a horseman. Bullokar. Carriage of state; vehicle. Milton. Attendance; retinue. Spenser. Accoutrements; furniture. Prior. E'QUIPAGED, ek'-kwe-paj'd. a. Accoutred; at- tended. Spenser. EQUIPENDENCY, e-kwe-pen'-den-se. n. s. [cequus and pendeo, Lat.] The act of hanging in equi- poise. South. EQUFPMENT, ^-kwlp'-ment. n. s. The act of equip- ping or accoutring. Accoutrement ; equipage. E'QUIPOISE, e'-kwe-poize. n.s. [cequus, Lat. and poids, Fr.] Equality of weight; equilibration. Glanville. EQUIPO'LLENCE, e-kwe-p6lMense. n.s. [cequus and pollentia, Lat.] Equality of force or power. Sketyon. $£?- The strong tendency of our language to an enclitical pronunciation, 513, would induce me to give the ante- penultimate accent to this and the following word, in opposition to Mr. Sheridan and others ; as no good rea- son can be given to the ear, why they shoold not have this accent, as well as equivalent] equivocal, &.c. But, as mquivalens and wquivocxts have the accent on the an- tepenultimate in Latin, and cequipollens on the penulti mate, and the number of syllables being the same in both languages, the accent is generally on the same syl- lable. 503. W. EQUIPO'LLENCY*, e-kwe-p6lMen-se. n. s. Equi- pollence. Paley. EQUIPOLLENT, e-kwe-pol'-lent. a. [cequipollens, Lat.] Having equal power or force. Bacon. EQUDPO'LLENTLY*, e-kwe-p&lMent-le. ad. E quivalently. Barrow. EQUIPONDERANCE, e-kwe-pon'-der-anse. ) EQUIPONDERANCY, e-kwe-p&n'-der-an-se. \ n. s. [cequus and pondus, Lat.] Equality of weight ; equipoise. Diet. EQUIPONDERANT, e-kwe-pdn'-der-ant. a. Be- ing of the same weight. Ray. To EQUIPONDERATE, e-kwe-p&n'-der-ate. v. n. To weigh equal to any thing. Wilkins. EQUIPONDIOUS, e-kwe-p&n'-de-fis. a. Eouili brated ; equal on either part. Glanville. Oh. J. E'QUITABLMk'-kwe-ta-bl. 405. a. [equitable, Fr.] Just; due to justice. Boyle. Loving justice ; can did ; impartial. E'QUITABLENESS*, ek'-kwe-ta-bl-nes. n.s. Just ness. Locke. EQUITABLY, ek'-kwe-ta-ble. ad. Justly; impar tially. EQUITATION*, ek-kwe-ta'-shan. n.s. [equitation, old Fr.] Riding on horseback ; management of a horse. Boswell. E'QUITY, ek'-kwe-te. n. s. [cequitas, Lat.] Justice ; right; honesty. Shak. Impartiality. Hooker. [In law.] The rules of decision observed by the court of chancery. Blackstone. EQUFVALENCE §, e-kwlv'-va-lense. ) n.s. [cequus EQUIVALENCY $, e-kwiv'-va-len-se. \ and valeo, Lat.] Equality of power or worth. Hammond. To EQUFVALENCE, e-kwlv'-va-lense. v. a. To equiponderate ; to be equal to. Broivn. EQUFVALENT, e-kwfv'-va-lent. a. Equal in value. Prior. Equal in any excellence. Milton. Equal in force or power. Milton. Of the same cogency or weight. Hooker. Of the same import or mean- ing. South. EQUFVALENT, e-kwiv'-va-lent. n. s. A thing of the same weight, dignity, or value. Dryden m — II ERE ERR — 116, move, n6r, not; — tube, tub, bull; — 651; — pflund; — thin, Tuis. EQUIVALENTLY* e-kwiv'-vn-lent-le. ad. In an equal manner ; equipollentlv. Skelton. EQIJI'VOCALS. e-kwlv'-v6-kal. a. leequiweus, Lat.] Of doubtful signification ; meaning differ- ent things. Stillingjleet. Uncertain ; doubtful. Morris. EQUFVOCAL, e-kwiv'-vo-kal. n. s. Ambiguity. Dennis. EQUI'VOCALLY, e-kwrv'-v6-kal-e. ad. Ambigu- ously; in a doubtful or double sense. South. By uncertain or irregular birth ; by generation out of the stated order. Bent lei/. EQULVOCALNESS, e-kwrv'-vi-kfd-nes. n. s. Am- biguity ; double meaning. Dalgarno. To EQUIVOCATE $, e-kwW6-kate. v. n. [asqui- vocatio, Lat.] To use words of double meaning ; to use ambiguous expressions. Dryden. To EQUFVOCATE^e-kwlv'-vo-kate.T'.a.To ren- der capable of a double interpretation. Sir G. Buck. EQUIVOCATION, e-kwiv-v6-ka'-shun. n Am- biguity of speech; double meaning. Hooker. iur v EQUI'VOCATOR, e-kwiv'-v6-ka-tur. 521. n. s. One who uses ambiguous language. Siutkspeare. E'QUIVOKE*, ek'-kwe-voke. n. & [equivoque, old Fr.] Equiyocation ; double meaning. B. Jonson. An expression where a word has at once different meanings; a quibble. Graves. E'QUIVOQUE*. See Equivoke. ER, a syllable in the middle of names or places, comes by contraction from the Saxon pap.a, dwell- ers. Gibson. ER*. A syllable at the end of a word, signifying the inhabitants of a place ; as, Londoner. E'RA, e'-ra. n. s. [cera, Lat.] The account of time from any particular date or epoch. Prior. To ERA'DIATE§*, e-ra'-de-ate. v. n. [e and radi- us, Lat.] To shoot like a ray. More. ERADIA'TION, e>-ra-de-a'-shun. 534. n. s. Emis- sion of radiance. K. Charles. To ERADICATE $, e-rad'-e-kate. v. a. [eradico, Lat.] To pull up by the root. Brown. To com- pletely destroy ; to end. Arbuthnot. ERADICATION, e-rad-e-ka'-shun. n.s. The act of tearing up by the root; destruction; excision. D. King. The state of being torn up by the roots. Brown. ERA'DICATIVE, e-rad'-e-ka-dv. 512. a. Curing radically ; driving quite away. ERADICATIVE*, e-rad'-e-ka-tlv. n.s. A medicine which cures radically. Whittock. To ERA'SE §, e-rase'. [See To Rase.] v. a. [raser, Fr.] To destroy ; so exscind. Peacham.. To ex- punge ; to rub out. ERA'SEMENT^-rase'-ment. n. s. Destruction ; de- vastation. Expunction; abolition. ERA'STIAN*, e-ras'-tshan. n. s. One of a religious sect, thus called from their leader, Thomas Erastus, whose distinguishing doctrine it was, that the church had no right to ^'scipline, that is, no regular power to excommunicate, exclude, censure, absolve, de- cree, or the like. Chambers. ERA STIANISM*, e-ras'-tshan-fzm. n. s. The doc- trine or principles of Erastians. Leslie. ERASURE*, e-ra'-zhure. n. s. Rasure. ERE §, are. 91 ad. [aep, Sax.] Before ; sooner than. Slmkspeare. ERE, are. prep. Before. Dry den. ERELO'NG, are-long 7 , ad. Before a long time had elapsed. Sidney. ERENO'W, are-nou'. ad. Before this time. Dryden. EREWHFLE, are-hwlle 7 . )ad. Some time ago; EREWHFLES, are-hwllz'. ] before a little while. Shakspeare. To ERE'CT$, e-rekt'. v. a. [erectus, Lat.] To place perpendicularly to the horizon. To erect a per- pendicular. To cross one line by another at right angles. To raise; to build. Gen, xxxiii. To es- tablish anew ; to settle. Hooker. To elevate ; to exalt. Dryden. To lift up. Sandys. To raise con- sequences from premises. Brown. To animate; *o encourage. Denliam. To ERE'CT, e-rSkt'. v. n. To rise upright. Bacon ERE'CT, e-r£kt'. a. Upright; not leaning; not prone. Brown. Directed upwards. Phillips. Bold; confident ; unshaken. Glanville. Vigorous ; not depressed. Hooker. ERE'CTED*, e-rel'-ted. a. Aspiring ; generous ; noble ; sublime. Sidney. ERE'CTION, e-rek'-shun. n. s. The act of raising or state of being raised upward. Brerewood. The act of building or raising edifices. Hooker. Estab lishment; settlement. South. Elevation; exalta tion of sentiments. Sidiiey. Act of rousing ; ex- citement to attention. Bacon. ERE'CTIVE*, e-rgk'-tlv. a. Raising; advancing. Cotgrave. ERE'CTNESS, e-rekt' -nes. n.s. Uprightness of pos- ture. Brown. ERE'CTOR*, c-rek'-tur. n. s. One who raises or constructs. W. Mountague. E'REMITES.er'-e-mHe. 155. n.s. [eremita, Lat.] One who lives in a wilderness ; one who lives in solitude ; a hermit. Raleigh. E'REMITAGE*, eV-e-m?t-aje. n.s. The residence of a hermit. She/ton. EREMITICAL, er-e-mft'-e-kal. a. Religiously soli- tary. Bp. Hall. EREPTATION, e-rep-ta'-shun. n.s.[erepto, Lat.] A creeping forth. Bailey. ERE'PTION, e-rep'-shun. n. s. A snatching or tak- ing away by force. Cockeram. To E'RGAT*, er'-gat. v. n. [ergo, Lat.] To draw conclusions according to the forms of logick, Hewyt. E'RGO*,h'-g6.ad. [Lat.] Therefore. A term in logick, denoting consequently. Arbuthnot. E'RGOT, er'-got. 166. n.s. A sort of stub, like a piece of soft horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, which is placed behind and below the pastern joint. Farrier's Diet. E'RGQTISM*, er'-g6-flzm. n. s. A conclusion lo- gically deduced. Brown. E'RIACH*, er'-e-ak. 71. s. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine Spenser. E'RIN*, e'-rfn. n. s. [Irish.] Ireland. Campbell. ERI'NGO, e-rlng'-g6. n. s. [fyvyyiov.] Sea-hollj A plant. Dryden. ERFSTICAL, e-rls'-te-kal. a. [%?.] Controversial j relating to dispute ; containing controversies. ERFSTICK* e-rls'-tfk. a. Eristical ; controversial. Life of Firmin. ERKE,erk. a. [atpybs.~\ Idle; lazy; slothful. Chau- cer. [An old word ; whence we now say irksome.~\ E'RMELIN. eV-me-lln. 71. s. An ermine. Sidney. E'RMINE§, eV-min. 140. n.s. [hermine, Fr.] An animal in cold countries, which very nearly resem- bles a weasel in shape ; having a "white pile, and the tip of the tail black, and furnishing a valuable fur. Diet. Trevoux. E'RMINED, er'-mfnd. 362. a. Clothed with ermine. Pope. E'RNE, eV-ne. ? From the Saxon epn, eapn, a cot- E'RON, eV-on. ) tage, or place of retirement. Gib- son's Camden. To ERO'DE §, e-rode', v. a. [erodo, Lat.] To cank- er, or eat away ; to corrode. Bacon. To E'ROGATE §#, er'-r6-gate. v. a. [erogo, Lat.] To bestow upon ; to give. Sir T. Elyot. EROGATION, er-ri-ga'-shfin, n.s. The act of giv- ing or bestowing ; distribution. Sir T. Elyot. ERO'SION, e-r6'-zh5n. 451. n. s. [erosio, Lat.] The act of eating away. The state of being eaten away. Arbuthnot. ERO'TICAL*,e-r6t'-e-kal. )a. [f'pwT^Sj.] Relating ERO'TICK*, e-rot'-lk. $ to the passion of love. Burton. To ERR §, er. v. n. [erro, Lat,] To wander 5 to ram- ble. Dryden. To miss the right way; to stray. Common Prayer. To deviate from any purpose. Pope. To commit errours : to mistake. Shak. To ERR*, er. v. a. To mislead ; to cause to err Burton. E'RRABLE. er'-ra-bl. 405. a. Liable to err, 347 ERU ESC \TT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, mk',— pine, pm E'RRABLENESS, er'-rd-bl-nes. n. s. Liableness to errour; liableness to mistake. Decay of Piety. E'RRAND, ar'-rand. [eV-rfind, Perry and Jones.] n.s. [sepenb, Sax.] A message; something- to be told or done bv a messenger ; a mandate ; a commission. Hooker. §£?* This word is generally pronounced as it is marked ; but might, perhaps, without pedantry, be more properly pronounced as it is written. W. E'RRANT§, eV-rant. a. [errans, Lat.] Wandering; roving; rambling. Brown. Vile; abandoned; completely bad. B. Jonson. Deviating from a cer- tain course. Shak. fin law.] Itinerant : applied to judges who go the circuit, and to bailiffs at large. Butler. D^= This word is generally pronounced exactly like ar- rant, when it has the same signification ; bat, when ap- plied to a knight, it is more correctly pronounced regu- larly as it is marked. W. E'RRANTRY, er'-rant-re. n. s. An errant state ; the condition of a wanderer. Addison. The em- ployment of a knight errant. ERRA'TA, er-ra'-ta. n. s. [Lat.] [The singular er- ratum is sometimes used.] The faults of the printer inserted in tne beginning or end of the book. Boyle. ERRA'TICAL* er-rat'-e-kal. a. Uncertain; keep- ing no regular order. Bp. Hall. ERRATICALLY, er-rat'-e-kal-e. atf. Without rule; without any established method or order. Brown. ERRA/TICK, er-rat'-ik. a. [erraticus, Lat.] Wan- dering ; uncertain; keeping no certain order; holding no established course. Blackmore. Irregu- lar; changeable. Harvey. ERRATICK*, er-rat'-lk. n. s. A rogue. Cockeram. ERRATION*, er-ra'-shun. n. s. A wandering to and fro. Cockeram. ERRATUM*, er-raMfim. See Errata. ERRHFNE, er-rlne'. n. s. [ifava.] What is snuffed up the nose, to occasion sneezing. Bacon. E'RRLNG*, eV-rlng. a. Erratick; uncertain. SJuxk. ERRO'NEOUS, er-^'-ne-us. a. Wandering; un- settled. Newton. Irregular; wandering from the right road. Arbuthnot. Mistaking ; misled by er- rour. King Charles. Mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; phvsically false. Hooker. ERRONEOUSLY, er-rd'-ne-tts-ie. ad. By mistake ; not rightlv. Hooker. ERRO'NEOUSNESS, er-ri'-ne-fis-nes. n. s. Phy- sical falsehood ; inconformitv to truth. Boyle. E'RROURf, er'-rur. 314. n.s. [error, Lat.] Mis- take; involuntary deviation from truth. Locke. A blunder; a mistake committed. Shak. Roving ex- cursion ; irregular course. B. Jonson. [In theolo- gy.] Sin. Heb. ix, [In law.] A mistake in plead- ing, or in the process. Cowel. ERS, ere, or Bitter Vetch, n. s. A plant. ERSE*, or EARSE*, ers. n. s. The language of the Highlands of Scotland, Johnson. ERSH* or EARSH*, ersh. n, s. The stubble after corn is cut. ERST §, erst. ad. [erst, Germ.] First. Spenser. At first; in the beginning. Milton. Once; when time was. Gay. Formerly ; long ago. Prior. Before ; till then ; till now. Milton. E'RSTWHILE*, erst'-hwlle. ad. Till then; till now ; aforetime. Glanville. ERUBE'SCENCE §, er-ru-bes'-sense. ) 510. n. s. ERUBE'SCENCYMr-ru-bes'-sen-se. ) [embescen- tia. Lat.] The act of growing red ; redness. ERUBE'SCENT, er-ru-bes'-sent. a. Reddish ; some- what red ; inclining to redness. To ERU'CT §, e-rukt'. v.a. [entcto, Lat.] To belch; to break wind from the stomach. To ERU'CT ATE*, e-ruk'-tate. v. a. To belch ; to vomit forth. Howell. ERUCTATION, e-rok-ta'-shun. n.s. The act of belching. Swift. Belch; the matter vented from the stomach. Arbuthnot. Any sudden burst of wind or matter. Woodward. E'RUDITES*, er-u-dlte'. [eV-u-dlt, Perry.] a. [eru- ditus, Lat.] Learned. Lord Chesterfield. Ccnvper. ERUDITION, e>-u-dish'-an.«.s. Learning ; knowl- edge. Sliakspeare. ERU'GrNOUS, e-ru'-je-nfis. a. [csruginosus, Lat.] Partaking of the nature of copper. Browne. ERUTTION§,e-rup'-shfin. n.s. [m^o,Lat.] The act of bursting forth. Burnet. Burst; emission. Bacon. Sudden excursion of a hostile kind. Milton. Violent exclamation. Wotton. Efflorescence ; pus- tules. Shakspeare. ERUTTrVE, e-rap'-tlv. a. Bursting forth. Thom- son. Exhibiting diseased eruption. Sir W. For- dyce. ERY'NGO. See Eringo. ERYSFPELASy, er-e-sfo'-e-las. n.s. [lovm7rt\a S .~] A disease which affects the skin with a sliming pale red, or citron colour, without pulsation or circum- scribed tumour; spreading from one place to ano- ther. Wiseman. ERYSIPELATOUS*, er-e-sfp'-e-la-tus. a. Having the nature of an ervsipelas. Bp. Berkeley. ESCALA'DE, es-ka-lade'. n. s. [Fr.] The act of scaling the walls of a fortification. Addison. ESCA'LOP, skol'-lup. n.s. A shellfish, whose shell is regularly indented. Woodward. An inequality of margin; indent'.ire. Ray. ESCAPADE, es-ka-pade'. n.s. [Fr.] Irregular motion of a horse. Dryden. To ESCATE y, e-skape'. v. a. [echaper, Fr.} To ob- tain exemption from ; to obtain security from ; to fly; to avoid. Temple. To pass unobserved by one. Hooker. To ESCATE, e-skape 7 . v.n. To fly; to get out of danger ; to avoid punishment. 1 Kings, xx. ESCATE, e-skape'. n. s. Flight; the act of getting out of danger. Psalm lv. Excursion; sally. Den- ham. [In law.] Violent or privy evasion out of some lawful restraint. Cowel. Excuse; subter- fuge ; evasion. Raleigh. Sally ; flight ; irregu- larity. Shak. Oversight; mistake. Brerewood. ESCATER*, e-ska'-pfir. n. s. One who gets out of danger. ESCA'PING*, e-ska'-ping. n.s. Avoidance of dan- fer. Ezra. CARGATO'IRE,h-]&r'-g?LA\v&r / . n.s. [Fr.] A nursery of snails. Addison. ToESCA'RP, es-karp'. v.a. [escarper, Fr.] To slope down. A military word. Carldon. ESCHAL(yT,s\&\-\b\!. n.s. [Fr,] A plant. Mor- timer. ESCHAR §, es'-kar. 353. r. s. [k-Mpa.] A hard crust or scar made by hot applications. Sharp. ESCHAROTICK, e"s-ka-rot'-?k. a. Caustick ; hav- ing the power to sear or burn the flesh. Greenhill. ESCHAROTICK, es-ka-rot'-ik. n. s. A caustick application. Wiseman. ESCHE'ATy, es-tshete'. n.s. [esclieoir, Fr.l Any lands, or other profits, that fall to a lord within his manor by forfeiture, or the death of his tenant, dy- ing without heir. Cowel. J)^" This, and the three [six] following words, not being derived from the learned languages, have the ch pro- nounced in the English manner. W. To ESCHE'AT, es-tshete'. v. n. To fall to the lord of the manor. Spenser. To ESCHE'AT* es-tshete'. v. a. To forfeit. Bp. Hall. ESCHE'ATABLE*, gs-tshe'-ta-bl. a. Liable to es- cheat. Cotgrave. ESCHEATAGE*, es-tshe'-taje. n.s. The right of succession to an escheat. Shencood. ESCHEATOR, es-tshe'4ar. 166. n. s. An officer that observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. Coivel. To ESCHEW, es-tsh6o'. v.a. [schomcen, Teut.] To fly ; to avoid ; to shun. Sidney. Q5= This word, from its being almost antiquated, has escaped the criticism of all our orthoepists, except Mr. Elphinston, who contends that it ought to be pro- nounced as if written eskew. " No wonder eskew, (ho says,) often falsely articulated, because falsely exhibited eschew, was ocularly traced from the old scheoir (after- wards echoir,) to devolve or escheat, rather than from 343 ESP ESS -no. move, nor, m\t ;— tube, tub, ball;— 61] ;— pdand;— th'm, THis. . s. [Fr.] The shield of the [FY.] Convoy; esquiver, to parry, avoid, or eskew, by those to whom ;he body of the child and the soul of the parent wore equally unknown." The etymological abilities of this gentleman in the French and English languages are un- questionable; but the pronunciation of this word seems fixed to its orthography, and beyond the reacli of ety- mology to alter. Words, like land, have a limitation to *heir rights. When an orthography and pronunciation have obtained for a long time, though by a false title, it is perhaps better to leave them in quiet possession, than to disturb the language by an ancient, though perhaps better claim. W. ESCO'CHEOX* family. Warton. ESCORT, es'-kort. 492. n. s guard frornplace to place. To ESCORT, £s-k6rt'. v. a. To convoy. Warton. ESCCT, es-kdt'. n. s. [Fr.] A tax paid in boroughs and corporations towards the support of the com- munity, which is called scot and lot. To ESCO'T, cs-kot'. r. a. To pay a man's reckon- ing ; to support. Shakspeare. ESCO'UT^s-lMl'. Ji. s. [escouter, Fr.] Listeners or spies ; persons sent for intelligence. Now scoui. Hayicard. ESCRITT*, es-kript 7 . n.s. [escnpt, Fr.] A writing; a schedule. Cockeram. ESCRITO'IRE. es-kru-t6re'. n.s. [Fr.] A box with all the implements necessarv for writing. ESCUA.GE. eV-kii-aje. 90. n.s. \escu, Fr.] Escu- age, that is, service of the shield, is either uncer- tain or certain. Escuage uncertain is where the tenant by his tenure is bound to follow his lord. Another kind of escuage uncertain is called castle- xcard, where the tenant is bound to defend a castle. Escuage certain is where the tenant is set at a cer- tain sum of money, to be paid in lieu of such uncer- tain services. Cowel. ESCULA'PIAN* £s-ku-la'-pe-an. a. [from JEscula- pius.] Medical. Young. E'SCULENTy, eV-ku-lent. a. [esculentus, Lat.] Good for food ; eatable. Bacon. E'SCULENT, es'-ku-lent. n.s. Something fit for food. Bacon. ESCUTCHEONS, eVkfitsh'-m. 259. n. s. [Fr.] The shield of the family ; the ensigns armorial. Peacham. ESCU TCHEONED*, es-kfitsV-ind. a. Having an escutcheon or ensign. Young. To ESLOTN*, h-\6fa>. v. a. [esloigner, old Fr.] To remove ; to banish ; to wi'hdraw. Donne. ESO'PIAN*, e-so'-pe-an. a. [from ^Esop.] Applied generally to fables and compilations like those which are attributed to JSsop. Warton. ESOTE'RICKS*, es-o-ler'-ik. a. [esotericus, Lat.] Secret ; mysterious. A term applied to the double doctrine of the ancient philosophers : the publick, or exoterick ; the secret, or esoterick. Chambers. E'SOTERY* es'-6-ter-e. n.s. Mystery; secrecy. Search. ESPALIER, es-pal'-yer. 113. n. s [espallier, Fr.] A tree planted and cut so as to join oihers. Evelyn. To ESPA'LIER*, es-pal'-yer. v. a. To plant and cut trees so as to form espaliers. ESPA'RCET, es-pari-set. n. s. A kind of saint-foin. Mortimer. ESPE'CIAL §, e-spesh'-al. a. [specialis, Lat.] Princi- pal ; chief. Daniel. ESFE'CIAL«r,e-spesh'-al-e. ad. Principally; chief- ly; particularly. Hjoker. ESPE'CIALNESS*, e-spesh'-al-ngs. n. s. State of being' especial. Loe. E'SPERANCE, gs-pe-ranse'. n. s. [Fr.] Hope. Shakspeare. Ob. J. ESPIAL, e-spl'-al.rc.s. [espkr, Fr.] A spy. Sir T. Ehjot. Observation ; detection ; discovery. Sir T. Elyot. Oh. J. ESPFER*, e-spl'-ur. n. s. One who watches like a spv. Harmar. E'SPINEL*, eV-pe-nel. n.s. [espinelle, Fr.] A kind ofrubv. Cot°rrave. ESPIONAGE*, es^pe-6-nadje. n.s. [Fr.] The act of procuring and giving intelligence. ESPLANA'DE, es-pla-nade'. n. s. The empty space between the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town. Hariis. [In modern garden Adoption; protec ing.l A grass-plot. ESPOUSAL*. e-spfiu'-zaJ. n. lion. Ld. Orford. ESPO'USAL, e-spd&'-zal. a. Used in the act of espousing or betrothing.^ Bacon. ESPO'USALS, e-sp6u -zals. n. s. without a singular. [sponsalia, Lat.] The act of contracting or affianc- ing a man and woman to each other. Jerem. ii. To ESPOTJSES, e-spouze'. v, a. [esponser, Fr.] To contract or betroth to another. 2 Sam. iii. To marry ; to wed. Tit. Andronicus. To adopt ; to take to himself. Bacon. To maintain ; to defend. Druden. ESPO'USER*, e-sp6iV-zur. n. s One who main- tains or defends a point. Allen. To ESPY 7 §, e-spl'. v.n. [espier, Fr.] To see things at a distance. Hooker. To discover a thing in- tended to be hid. Sidney. To see unexpectedly. Gen. xlii. To discover as a spv. Jos. xiv. To ESPY/, e-spl'. v. n. To watch ; to look about. Jer. xlvii. ESPY'*, e-spl'. n. s. A scout; a spy. Huloet Ob. T. ESQUFRE§, e-skwire 7 . n.s. [escuier, Fr.] The ar- mour-bearer or attendant on a knight. Toiler. A title of dignity, and next in degree below a knight. Blount. To ESQUFRE*, e-skwlre'. v. a. To attend «s an esquire. To ESSA'Y§, es-sa'. v. a. [essayer, FrJ To attempt ; to try ; lo endeavour. Blackmore. To make ex- periment of. To try the value and purity of metals Locke. E'SSAY, eV-sa. 492. n. s. Attempt; endeavour. Smith. A loose sally of the mind ; an irregular, indigested piece. Bacon. A trial ; an experiment, Glanville. First taste of any thing. Dryden. [In metallurgy.] The proof of the purity and value of metals. E'SSAYER* es-sa'-ur, or es'-sa-ur. n. s. One who writes essavs. Addison. E'SSAYIST*, h-sk'-hi. [eV-sa-ist, Perry.] n. s. A writer of essavs. B.Jonson. ESSENCE §, "eV-sense. n. s. [essentia, Lat.] The nature of any being, whether it be actually exist- ing or not. Watts. Formal existence; that which makes any thing to be what it is. Hooker. Exist- ence ; the quality of being. Sidney. Being^ : ex- istent person. Milton. Species of existent being. Bacon. Constituent substance. Milton. The cause of existence. Sliak. [In medicine.} The chief properties or virtues of any simple, or com position, collected in a narrow compass. Perfamej odour; scent. Pope. To ESSENCE, eV-sense. v. a. To perfume ; to scent. Addison. ESSE'NES*, eVseenz'. n. s. [Esseni, Lat.] Certain religious men, among the Jews, who lived a very strct life, abstaining from wine, flesh, and women Bp. Percy. ESSENTIALS, es-sen'-shaJ. a. Necessary to (he constitution or existence of any thing. Bacon. Im- portant in the highest degree"; principal. Denham. Pure; highly rectifi u; subtilely elaborated. Ar- buthnot. £Cf What has been observed of the word efface is appli- cable to this word: the same reasons have induced me to differ from Mr. Sheridan in the division of especial y espousal, establish,&cc.,a.s I have no doubt, in words of this form, where the two first consonants are combina- ble, that they both go to the second syllable, and leave the vowel in the first long and open. W. ESSENTIAL, cs-sen'-shal. n.s. Existence; being. Milton. Nature; first or constituent principles. South. The chief point. Mountogu. ESSENTIALITY*, es-sen-she-al'-e-te. njs. Nature ; first or constituent principles. Swift. ESSENTIALLY, es-sen'-shal-^. ad. By the con- stitution of nature; reallv. Shakspeare. 349 EST ETE O 3 559. — Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me, mh ;— pine, pin ; To ESSENTIATE*, es-sen'-she-ate. v.n. To be- come of the same essence. B. Jonson. ESSO'INf, Ss-sMn'. n. s. [essonie. Fr.] He that has his presence forborn or excused upon any just cause ; as sickness. Allegement of an excuse for him that is summoned, or sought for, to appear. Cowel. Excuse; exemption. Spenser. To ESSOIN*, es-s6In'. v. a. To excuse ; to release. Quarles. ESSO'INER*, es-soln'-fir. n. s. An attorney who suf- ficiently excuses the absence of another. Cotgrave. To ESTABLISH §, e-stabMlsh. v. a. [etahlir, Fr.] To settle firmly ; to fix unalterably. Deut. xxix. To settle in any privilege or possession. Swift. To make firm 5 to ratify. Numbers, xxx. To fix or settle in an opinion. Acts, xvi. To form or model. Clarendon. To found ; to build firmly ; to fix im- movably. Ps. xxiv. To make a settlement of any inheritance. Shakspeare. ESTA'BLISHER, e-stabM?sh-ur. n.s. He who es- tablishes. Hooker. ESTABLISHMENT, e-stabM?sh-ment. n. s. Set- tlement; fixed state. Spenser. Confirmation of something already done ; ratification. Bacon. Settled regulation ; form ; model of a government or family. Spenser. Foundation ; fundamental principle. Atterbury. Allowance ; income ; sala- ry. Swift. Settled or final rest. Wake. ESTAFE'T*, es-ta-fet'. n. s. [estafetd, Span.] A military courier. Boolhby. ESTATES, e-state'. n. s. [estat, Fr.] The general interest ; the publick. Bacon. Condition of life. Dryden. Circumstances in general. Locke. For- tune ; possession, in land. Sidney. Rank ; quality. Sidney, A person of high rank. St. Mark, vi. To ESTATE, e-state'. v. a. To settle as a fortune. Shaksyieare. To establish ; to fix. Pearson. To ESTEEM §, e-steem'. v. a. [cestimo, Lat.] To set a value, whether high or low, upon any thing. Spenser. To compare ; to estimate by proportion. Davies. To prize ; to rate high; to regard with reverence, Dryden. To ho.d 111 opinion; to think. Rom. xiv. To ESTE'EM, e-steem 7 . v. n. To consider as to value. Spenser. ESTE'EM, e-steem'. n. s. High value ; reverential regard, Dryden. Reckoning ; estimate ; account. Shakspeare. ESTE'EMABLE*, e-steem'-a-bl. a. That may be esteemed. Pope. ESTE'EMER, e-steem'-ur. n.s. One that highly values ; one that sets a high rate upon any thing. L. Addison. E'STIMABLE§,es'-te-ma-bl.405. a. [Fr.] Valua- ble; worth a large price. Shak. Worthy of es- teem ; worthy of honour and respect. Temple. E'STJMABLE*, eV-te-ma-bl. n. s. That which is worthy of particular notice and regard. Sir T. Brown. E'STIMABLENESS, es'-te-ma-bl-nes. n.s. The quality of deserving regard. To ESTIMATE §, es'-te-mate. v. a. [cestimo, Lat.] To rate ; to adjust the value of; to judge of any thing by its proportion to something else. Lev. xxvii. To calculate ; to compute. E'STIMATE, eV-te-mate. 91. n. s. Computation ; calculation. Woodward. Value. Shak. Valua- tion ; assignment of proportional value ; compara- tive judgement. Addison, ESTIMATION, gs-te-ma'-sbun. n.s. The act of ad- justing proportional value. Levit. Calculation ; computation. Opinion ; judgement. Bacon. Es- teem ; regard ; honour. Hooker. E'STIMATIVE, eV-te-ma-tfv. 512. ad. Having the power of comparing and adjusting the preference. Hale. Imaginative. Sir C. Wandesforde. ESTIMATOR, es'-te-ma-tur. 521. n.s. A valuer; an esteemer of things. Cotgrave. A settler of rates ; a computist. E'STIVAL, eV-te-val. 88. a. [cestivus, Lat.] Per- taining to the summer. Gayton. Continuing for the summer. Sir T. Brown. To E'STIVATE§*,es'-te-vate. v.n. To pass the summer in a place. Cockeram. ESTIVATION, es-te-va'-sh&n. n. s, A place in which to pass the time of summer. Bacon. ESTO'PEL, &-t6p'-eL n. s. Such an act as bars any legal process. ESTOPPED*, es-t6pt'. a. Under an estopel. Hale. ESTO'VERS, Ss-t6'-vurz. n. s. Necessaries allowed by law. Blackstone. ESTRA'DE, es-trade'. n.s. [Fr.] An even or level space. Diet. To ESTRA'NGE§, e-stranje'. v. a. [estranger, Fr.] To keep at a distance ; to withdraw. Hooker. To alienate; to divert from its original use or posses- sor. Jer. xix. To alienate from affection. Ezek. xiv. To withdraw or withhold. Psalm lxxviii. ESTRANGEMENT, e-stranje'-ment. n. s. Aliena- tion ; distance ; removal. South. ESTRAPADE, es-tra-pade'. n. s. [Fr.] The de- fence of a horse that will not obey, who rises mightilv before, and yerks furiously with his hind legs. Earner's Diet. ToESTRA'YS*, h-trk'. v.n. [estraier, Fr.] To stray ; to wander. Daniel. ESTRA'Y*, es-tra'. n.s. A creature wandered be- yond its limits ; astray. Coivel. ESTRE'AT§,es-treet'. n.s. [extractum, Lat.] The true copy of an original writing. Cowel. To ESTRE'AT*, £s-treet'. v. a. To extract ; to take from, by way of fine. Boyle. [In law.] To extract a copy of a writing. ESTRE'PEMENT, e-streep'-ment. n. s. [estrepier, Fr.] Spoil made by the tenant for term of life upon any lands or woods. Cowel. E'STRICH, eV-trJtsh. n. s. [commonly written os- trich.] The largest of birds. Shakspeare. E'STRIDGE*. See Estrich. E'STUANCE, es'-tshu-anse. n. s. Heat 5 warmth Brown. E'STUARY, es'-tshu-a-re. 461. n. s. [cestuarium, Lat.] An arm of the sea ; the mouth of a lake or river in which the tide reciprocates ; a frith. Gil- pin. To E'STUATE§, es'-tshu-ate. 91. v. n. [cestuo, Lat.] To swell and fall reciprocally ; to boil. Cockeram. ESTUATION, es-tshu-a'-shun. n. s. The state of boiling ; reciprocation of rise and fall ; agitation ; commotion. Brown. E'STURE, es'-tshure. n. s. Violence ; commotion. Chapman. ESU'RIENT, e-zu'-re-ent. 479. a. {esuriens, Lat.] Hungry ; voracious. Diet. E'SURlNE, ezh'-u-rlne. 479. a. [esurio, Lat.] Cor- roding; eating. Wiseman. ET CyETERA*, et-set'-e-ra. [Lat J A common expression denoting others of the like kind, or tJie rest, or so on. Coivley. ETC. A contraction of the above. To ETCH §, etsh. v. a. [etzen, Germ.] A way used in the making of prints, by drawing with a proper needle upon a copper-plate, covered over with a ground of wax, &c, and well blacked with the smoke of a link, in order to take off the figure of the drawing ; which, having its back-side tinctured with whitehead, will, by running over thestrucken outlines with a stift, impress the exa^figure on the black or red ground ; which figures afterwards with needles drawn deeper quite through the ground ; and then there is poured onwell-temperea aquafortis, which eats into the figure or drawing on the copper-plate. Harris To sketch ; to draw ; to delineate. Locke. To rtu.ve forwards towards one side. Ray. To ETCH, e«sh. v.n. To practise etching. ETCH, etsh. \ n. s. Ground from which a crop EDDISH, ed'-dlsh. ] has been taken. Mortimer. ETCHING*, gtsh'-lng. n. s. An impression of a copper- pi ate, taken after the manner described in the verb to etch. ETEO'STlCK*,et-£-&s'-tlk.rc.s. [f'rtof and }$.] The name of a bone situate in the middle of the basis of the forehead or os frontis, filling almost the whole cavity of the nostrils. Cliambers. E'THNICAL§*, M'-ne-kal. a. [JtOviicos.] Heathen ; pagan. Medc. E'THNTCISM*, eth'-ne-slzm. n. s. Heathenism ; paganism. B. Jonson. E'THNTCK, &/i'-nIk. a. Heathen ; pagan. Govern- ment of the Tongue. E'THNICKS, eW-nfks. n. s. Heathens. Raleigh. ETHOLO'GICAL, &/!-6-l6dje'-e-k£l. 530. a. [r,Qo<; and \6yo;.\ Treating of morality. ETIO'LOGllft-te-oA-je. n.s. [&i T ib\oyia.] An ac- count of .the causes of any thing. Arbuthnot. ETIQUETTE*, et-e-kef. 415. n.s. [Fr.] Cere- mony. Swinburne. ETUI*, et-wee'. n.s. [Fr.] A case for tweezers and such instruments. Slienstone. To E'TTLE*, el'-tl. v. n. [eblean, Sax.] To earn by working. Boucher. E'TTIN*, et'-tln. n. s. A giant. Beaum. and Fl. ETYMOLOGER*, et-e-moF-6-jfir. n.s. An etymol- ogist. Dr. Griffith. ETYMOLOGICAL, et-e-m6-l6dje'-e-kal. a. Relat- ing to etymology. Locke. ETYMOLO / GICALLY*,et-e-m6-l6dje'-e-kal-le.a^. According to etymology. ETYMO'LOGIST, et-e-m&l'-6-j?st. n. s. One who searches out the original of words. Fuller. To ETYMO'LOGIZE*, et-e-m6l'-6-jIze. v. a. To five the etymology of a word. Chaucer. YMO'LOGY$, Ct-e-m61 / -6-je. n.s. [m^os and \6yos.] The descent or derivation of a word from its original; the deduction of formations from the radical word. Harvey. The part of grammar which delivers the inflections of nouns and verbs. E'TYMON, eY-e-m&n. 71. s. [m^oj/.] Origin; primi- tive word. Peacham. EU'CHARIST§, yu'-ka-rist. 353. n.s. [™x« P «. n. [evanesco, Lat.] To vanish ; to escape from notice or perception. Drum- mond. EVATORABLE, e-vap'-6-ra-bl. 405. a. Easily dis- sipated in fumes or vapours. Grew. To EVA'PORATE $, e-vap'-6-rate. 91. v. n. [evaporo, Lat.] To fly away in vapours or fumes ; to waste insensibly as a volatile spirit. Boyle. To EVA'PORATE, e-vap'-6-rate. v. a. To drive away in fumes ; to disperse in vapours. Bentley. To give vent to ; to let out in ebullition or sallies. Wotton. EVA'PORATE*, e-vap'-6-rate. a. Dispersed in va- pour. Thomson. EVAPORATION, e-vap-i-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of flying away in fumes or vapours ; vent ; discharge. Howell. The act of attenuating matter, so as to make it fume away. Raleigh. [In pharmacy.] An operation by which liquids are spent or driven away in streams, so as to leave some part stronger, or of a higher consistence than before. Quincy. EVA'SIONJ, e-va'-zhun. 49. n. s.[_erasum r Lat.] Ex- cuse ; subterfuge ; sophistry ; artifice. M'.i. in. EVA'SPVE, e-va'-siv.. 158, 428. a. Practising eva- sion ; elusive. Pope. Containing an evasion ; so- phistical. Bp. Berkeley. EVA'SPv'ELY, e-va'-siv-le. a. By evasion ; elusive- ly; sophistically. Bryant. EVF/CTION*, e-vek'-shun. n. s. [eveho, Lat.] Ex- altation. Pearson. EVE, eve. >n.s. [seren, Sax.] The close of the E'VEN, e'-vn. ) day. Exodus, xvi.Mttie vigil or fast to be observed before a holiday. Dwppa. E'VEN §, e'-vn. 103. a. [epen,euen, Sax.] Level; not ragged ; not unequal. Dryden. Uniform ; equal tc it- self. Prior. Level with ; parallel to. Exoaus. Not having inclination any way. Shak. Not having any part higher or lower than the other. Dairies. Equal on both sides; fair. Milton. Without any thing owed, either good or ill ; out of debt. Shak. Calm ; not subject to elevation or depression ; not uncertain. Pope. Capable to be divided into equal parts ; not odd. Bp. Taylor. To E'VEN, e'-vn. v. a. To make even. Stanyhurst. To make ouj of debt. Shak. To level ; to make level. Raleigh. To E'VEN, e'-vn. v. n. To be equal to. Carew. Ob. J. 352 EVE EVI -no, move, nor, not;— tube, tftb, bull ;— oil;— pdund;— tlim, THis. E'VEN, e'-vii. ad. A word of strong assertion ; verily. Spenser. Notwithstanding. Dryden. Likewise : not only so, but also. Haider. So much as. Swift. A word of exaggeration in which a secret compari- son is implied : as, even the great, that is, (lie great like the mean. Drijden. A term of concession. Col- lier. To EVE'NE*, e-veon'. v. n. [evenio, Lat.] To hap- pen; to come to pass. Hewijt. EYENER*, e'-vn-ftr. n. s. One that reconciles or makes even. Warton. E'VENHAND* e'-vn-hand. n. s. Parity of rank or degree. Bacon. E'VENHANDED, e'-vn-hnn'-d&l. a. Impartial; equitable. Slialcspeare. E'VENING, e'-vn-ing. n.s. [aepen, Sax.] The close of the day ; the beginning of night. Watts. The latter end of life. Lord Cuirendon. E'VENING*, e'-vn-fng. a. Being toward the close of the day. Psalm cxli. EVENING-STAR*, e'-vn-?ng-star'. n.s. The Ves- per, or Hesperus, of the ancients. Milton. EVEN L V, e^-vn-le. ad. Equally ; uniformly. Bentley. Le^elly; without asperities. Wbtton. Without in- clination to either side ; horizontally. Brerewood. Impartially; without favour or enmity. L~ VENNESS, e'-vn-ues. n. s. State of being even. B. Jonson. Uniformity ; regularity. Grew. Equali- ty of surface ; levelness. I reedom from inclination to either side. Hooker. Impartiality; equal re- spect. Calmness; freedom from perturbation; equa- nimity. Sp?-at. Alterbury. E'VENSONG. e'-vn-song. n. s. The form of worship used in the evening. Milton. The evening; the close of the day. Dn^ien. EVENTIDE, e'-vn-tlde. n. s. The lime of evening. Genesis, xxiv. EVE NT §, e-vent'. 7i.s. [event.us, Lat.] An incident; any thing that happens, good or bad. Reel. ix. The consequence of an action; the conclusion; the upshot. Dryden. To EVE'NT*, e-vent/. v. n. To break forth. B. Jon- son. Ob. T. ToEVE'NTERATE.e-ven'-te-rate. v.. a. [evenlero. Lat.] To rip up ; to open the belly. Brown. EVENTFUL, e-vent'-ful. a. Full of incidents; of changes of fortune. Slutkspea, full To E VENTILATE sSe-veii'-'te-late. v. a. {evenlilo, Lat.] To winnow ; to sift out. Cockeram. To ex- amine; to discuss. Vict. EVENTILA'T10N*,e-ven-te-la'-shun. n.s. The act of ventilating. Hoicell. EVE NTUAL, e-ven'-tshu-al. a. Happening in con- sequence of any thing; consequential. Burke. EVE'NTUALLY, e-ven'-tslu'i-al-le. ad. In the event; in the last result; in the consequence. Boyle. E'VER$, eV-ftr. 98. ad. [a?pep, Sax.] At any time. Hooker. At all times, always, without end. Hooker. — For ever. Eternally ; to perpetuity. Locke. At one. time ; as, ever and anon. Spenser. In any de- gree. Hall. A word of enforcement, or aggrava- tion : As soon as ever he had done it. Shak. — Ever a. Any. Shak. It is often contracted into e'er. It is much used in composition in the sense of always: as, evergreen, ererduring. L'VERISUIiBLING, ev-ur-bub'~bl?ng. a. Boiling up with perpetual murmurs. Crasliaw. E'VERBURNlNG,ev-ur-bur'-nlng.a. Unextinguish- ed. Milton. E'VERDURING, ev-ur-dtV-rlng. a. Eternal ; endur- ing without end Raleigh. E'VERGREEN,eV-ur-green. a. Verdant through- out the year. Milton. EVERGREEN, eV-iir-green. n.s. A plant that re- tains its verdure through all the seasons. Evelyn. E'VERHONOURED, ev-ur-on'-nftrd. a. Always ne.o in nonour or esteem. Pope. EVERLASTING, ev-ur-las'-ting. a. Enduring without end ; perpetual ; immortal ; eternal. Ham- mond. EVERLA'STING, eV-ur-las.'-tlng. n.s. Eternity. Hooker. The Eternal Being. Shakspeare. 45 EVERLASTING-PEA*, ev-or-las'-t?ng-pe. «. *. A ilower. Tate. EVERLASTINGLY, Cv-ur-las'-ting-le. ad. Eter- nally ; without end. Shakspeare. EVERLA'STINGNESS, ev-flr-las'-ting-nes. n. s. Eternity ; perpetuity ; an indefinite duration. Sta- p/eton. E'VERLIVING, ev-&r-liv'-?ng. a. Living without end ; immortal ; eternal ; incessant. Sjienser. EVERMO'RE, ev-&r-m6re'. ad. Always ; eternally. Tit lot son. EVERO'PEN, ev-or-A'-pn. a. Never closed; not at any lime shut. Bp. Taylor. ' EVERPLE'ASING, ev-ftr-ple'-zing. a. Delighting at all times ; never ceasing to give pleasure. Sid- ney. To EVE'RSE $, e-verse'. r. a. [eversus, Lat.] To overthrow ; to subvert ; to destroy. Glanville. Ob. J. EVE'RSION* e-veV-shfin. n.s. [ei-ersio, Lai.] Over- throw. Bp. Taylor. To EVE'RT, e-veYt'. v. a. [everto, Lat.] To destroy ; to overthrow. Fotherby. EVERWA'TCHFUL, ev-ur-w&lsh'-f&l. a. Always ; vigilant. Pope. EVERY $, ev'-fir-e. a. [aepen ealc, Sax.] Each one of all. Hooker. — Every where. In all places; in each place. Hooker. E'VERYDAY*, eV-ur-e-da. a. Common ; occurring on any day. Pope. EVERYO'UNG, ev-Qr-yCmg/. a. Not subject to old age, or decay. Pope. To E'VESDROP$*, evz'-drop. v. n. To listen. See Eaves. Abp. Sancroft. E'VESDROPPER, evz'-dr6p-pur. n.s. Some mean fellow that skulks about a house in the night, to listen. Dryden. To EVE'STIGATE, e-veV-te-gale. v. a. [evesligo, Lat.] To search out. Diet. E'VET*. See, Eft. To EVI'BRATE*, e-vl'-brate. v. a. [evibro, Lat.] To shake ; to brandish. Cockeram. To EVI'CTo, e-vikf. v. a. [evinco, Lat.] To dispos- sess of by a judicial course. Davies. To take away by a sentence of law. K. James. To prove ; to evince. B. Jonson. EVICTION, e-vik'-sh&n. n. s. Dispossession or de- privation by a definitive sentence of a court of ju- dicature. Bacon. Proof; evidence. Bp. Hall. E'VJDENCEs\ev'-e-dense. n.s. [Fr.] The state of being evident; clearness; indubitable certainty; notoriety. Testimony ; proof. .Jerem. xxxii. Wit- ness ; one thai gives evidence. Dryden. To EVIDENCE, eV-e-donse. v. a. To prove; to evince. Temple. To show; to make discovery of. Milton. E VI DENT, eV-e-dent. a. Plain; apparent; nolo- j rious. Brown. I i EVIDENTIAL*, ev-e-deV-shaT.PSAffording evi- dence or proof. Bp. Fleetwood. "i. EVIDENTLY, ev'-e-dent-le. ad. Apparently; cer- tainlv; undeniably. Prior. EVIGILA'TION*, e-vTd'-je-la'-shun. n.s. [nigilatio. Lat.] A waking. Biblioth. Bib/ica. EVIL &, e'-vl. im.a. [ypel, Sax.] Having bad qual- ities of any kind ; not good. Deut. xxii. Wicked ; bad; corrupt. St. Matthew, xx. Unhappy; miser- able; calamitous. Exodus. Mischievous; destruc- tive; ravenous. Ge?iesis. xxxvii. E'VIL, e'-vl. 7i. s. [generally contracted to ill.! Wickedness ; a crime. Shak. Injury ; mischief. Proverbs. Malignity ; corruption. Eccles. ix. Mis- fortune ; calamity. Job, ii. Malady ; disease. Shak- speare. E'VIL, e'-vl. ad. Not well, in whatever respect. Slmk. Not well ; not virtuously. John, xviii. Not well ; not happily. Deut. vii. Injuriously; not kindly. Deut. xxvi. It is often used in composition, to give a bad meaning to a word. E'VILAFFECTED, e-vl-af-fek'-ted. a. Not kind; not disposed to kindness. Acts, xiv. EVILDOER, e-vl-d6'-ur. n. s. Malefactor ; one that commits crimes. 1 Peter. 353 EWE EXA ILT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel ;— pine, pin ;— E VILEYED*, e'-vl-lde. a. Having a malignant look. Shafcspeare. EVILFA'VOLRED, e-vl-fa/-vurd. a. Ill countenanc- ed ; having- no good aspect. Bacon. EVlLFA'VOUrlEDNESS, e-vl-uV-vurd-ne^s. n. s. Deformity. Deuteronomy, xvii. E'VILLY, e'-vl-le. ad. Not well. Bp. Taulor. E'VILMINDED, e-vl-mlnd / -&l. a. Malicious; mis- chievous; malignant; wicked. Drijden. E'VII ,NESS, e'-vl-n^s. n. s. Contrariety to goodness ; badness, of whatever kind. Hale. EVILSPE'AKING, e-vl-spe'-klng. n. s. Slander; defamation ; calumny ; cetisoricusness. 1 Peter, ii. EVILWI'SHING, e-vl-wfsh'-ing. a. Wishing evil to ; having no good will. Sidney. EVIL WORKER, e-vl-w&rk'-fir. n.s. One who does wickedness. Phil. iii. To E VI'NCE §, e-vlnse'. v. a. [evinco, Lat.] To prove ; to show ; to manifest. Milton. To conquer ; to subdue. Milton. To EVI'JNCE*, e-vinse'. v. n. To prove. Bp. Hall. EVFNC1BLE, e-vin'-se-bl. a. Capable of proof; de- monstrable. Hale. EVl / NCIBLY,e-vm / -se-ble. ad. In such a manner as to force conviction. To E'VIRATES, eV-e-rate. v. a. [eviratus, Lat] To deprive of manhood; to emasculate. Bp. Hall. EVIRATION*, ev-e-ra'-shfin. n. s. Castration. Cocker am. To EVFSCERATE, e-vls'-se-rate. v. a. [eviscero, Lat.] To embowel: to draw ; to deprive of the en- trails; to search within the entrails. Dr. Griffiths. E'VITABLE, eV-e-ta-bl. 405. a. [evitabUis, *Lat.] Avoidable; that may be escaped or shunned. Hooker. To E/VITATE $, eV-e-tatc. w. a. [eviio, Lat.] To avoid ; to shun ; to escape. Siiakspeare.- EVITATION, ev-e-ta'-slmn. 530. n. s. The act of avoid iiig. Bacon. To EVITE*, e-vite'. v. a. To avoid. Drayton. EVITE'RNAL §, ev-e-ter'-nal. a. [cevitemus, Lat.] Eternal in a limited sense; of duration not infinite- ly but indefinitely long. EVITE'RNITY, ev-e-teV-ne-te. n. s. Duration not infinitely, but indefinitely long. To E'VOCATE*, eV-6-kate. v. a. To call forth. Skicklwuse. EVOCATION, fiv-6-ka/-shun. n.s. [ewcalio, Lat.] The act of calling out. Brown. To EVOKES*, e-vike'. v. a. [evoco, Lat.] To call forth. Warburton. EVOLATION, ev-6-kV-shOn. 530. n. s. [evolo, Lat.] The act of flying away. Bp. Hall. EVOLUTION, ev-o-lu'-sh&n. 530. n. s. [evohtlus, Lat.] The act of unrolling or unfolding. Boyle. The series of things unrolled or unfolded. More. [In geometry*, The equable evolution of the pe- riphery of J0m^Q, or any other curve, is such a gradual ajjErBach of the circumference to rectitude, as that all its parts meet together, and equally evolve or unbend. Harris. [In tacticks.] The mo- tion made by a body of Inen in changing their pos- ture, or form of drawing up. Harris. — Evolution of powers. [In algebra.] Extracting of roots from any given power, being the reverse of involution. Harris. To EVO'LVE§, e-volv'. v. a. [evolvo, Lat.] T/o un- fold ; to disentangle. Hale. DEVOLVE, e-vcnV. v.n. To open itself; to dis- close itself. Prior. EVOMITION, ey-i-mtoi'-un. 530. n. s. [evonw, Lat.] The act of vomiting out. Swift. To EVU'LGATE§*, e-v&l'-gate. v. a. [evulgo, Lat.] To publish ; to spread abroad. EVULGATION, ev-ul-ga'-sh&n. n.s. The act of divulging publication. Diet. EVU'LSION, e-vul'^hun. n. s. [evulsio, Lat.] The act of plucking out. Brown. EWE, yu. 268. n.s. [eope, Sax.] The she sheep. Bacon. 55" There is a vulgar pronunciation of this word, as if written yoe, waich must bo carefully avoided. W. E'WERS, yu'-5r. 98. n.s. [from eau, perhaps an- ciently euf\ A vessel in which water is brought for washing the hands. Siiakspeare. E'WRY, yiV-re. n. s. An office in the king's house- hold, where they take care of the linen for the king's table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in silver eira\sjafter dinner. Diet. EX, £ks, or egz. A Latin preposition often prefixed to compounded words ; sometimes meaning out : as, exhaust, to draw out ; sometimes only enforcing the meaning^ and sometimes producing little al- teration. It is also often prefixed to words in order to imply out, i. e. no longer in office or employ- ment ; as an ex-general, an ex-minister. 3^/" The x in this inseparable preposition is, with respect to sound, under the same predicament as the s in dis ; which see. 425. W. To EXACERB ATE §, egz-as'-eV-bate. v. a. \exacer- bo, Lat.] To imbitter; to exasperate. EXACERBATION, egz-as-er-ba'-shun. n. s. In- crease of malignity ; augmented force or severity. Height of a disease-; paroxysm. Bacon. EXACERVATION^gz-as-ser-va'-sh&n. n.s. \o.cer- vus, Lat.] The act of neaping up. Diet. EXACT §, egz-akt'. 478. a. [exactus, Lat.] Nice; not deviating from rule. Pope. Methodical; not negligently performed. Arbuthnot. Careful ; not negligent. Spectator. Honest j strict ; punctual Ecclus. Ii. To EXACT, egz-akt'. v. a. [exigo, exactus, Lat.] To require authoritatively. Shukspeare. To de- mand of right. Dryden. To summon; to enjoin. Milton. To EXACT, e"gz-akt'. v. n. To practise extortion. Psalm lxxx. EXACTER,or EXACTOR, egz-ak'-tur. 98. n. s. An extortioner; one who claims more than his due. Bacon. He that demands by authority. Bacon. One who is severe in his injunctions or demands. K. Charles. EXACTION, egz-ak'-shfin. n.s. The act of making an authoritative demand, or levying by force. Ne- hemiahjX. Extortion ; unjust demand. Shak. A tribute severely levied. Addison. EXACTITUDE*, egz-ak'-te-tude. n. s. Exactness; nicety. Scott. EXACTLY, Cgz-akt'-le. ad. Accurately; nicely; thoroughly. Dryden. EXACTNESS, egz-akt'-nik n. s. Accuracy.; nice- ty ; strict conformity to rule or symmetry. Ecclus. xlii. Regularity of conduct; strictness of manners; care not to deviate. Kino; Charhs. EXACTOR*. See Exacter. EXACTRESS*, egz-ak'-tres. n. s. She who is se- vere in her injunctions. B. Jonson, To EXACUATEy* egz-ak'-u-ate. v. a. [exacuo, Lat.] To whet ; to sharpen. B. Jonson. EXACUATION*, egz-ak-u-a'-shfin. n. s. Whetting or sharpening. Cockeram. To EXAGGERATE §, egz-adje'-e-rate. v. a. [exag- gero, Lat.] To heap upon; to accumulate. Hale. To heighten by representation. Clarendon. §&* This word is sometimes heard with the double g hard, as in dagger ; but every one who has a scrap of Latin knows, that exaggerate comes from exaggero, and that all words from that language have the g sof- before e and i .■ the third syllable, therefore, must havo the g soft. But it will be said, that, according to the laws of pronunciation, the first g ought to be hard, as the first c is in flaccid, siccity,&.c. i'o which it may be answered, that, strictly speaking, it ought to bo so ; but polite usage has so fixed the first as well as the last g in the soft sound, that none but a confirmed pedant would have the boldness to pronounce them differently. This usage, too, we find, is not without all foundation in analogy. Wherever there is a considerable difficulty in keeping sounds separate, they will infallibly run into each other. This is observable in the sound of s, which, when final, always adopts the sound of z when a fiat consonant precedes, 434; the first s, likewise, in the ter- minations session, mission, &c, necessarily runs into the sound of sh, like the last s : but it may be said, that the first g in exaggerate has no such relation to the second as 5 has to sli ; and that this very difference be- tween the two consonants makes ua preserve the first a 354 EXA KXC -no, move, nor, no; ;— tube, tflb, bull; — flSl > — pA6ndj— •. To this it. can only he replied, hy way of mitigation, that hard ^ and soft g or j arc form- ed nearer together in the mouth than hard c or A-, and soft t or .>• ; and therefore, as they arc more liable to coalesce, their coalescence is more excusable. W. EXAGGERATION, egz-adje-e-ra -shun. n. s. The Mi of heaping together ; aheap, ilaic. Hyper- jlical amplification. Featleij. A'GGERATORY* egz-adjef-e-ra-tar-e. a. En- Uggiug by hyperbolical expressions. Johnson. To EXA 'GITATE $, egz-adje'-e-tate. r.a. [exagiio, LaL] To shake j lo put in motion. Arbt/lhnot. To reproach 5 to pursue with invectives. Hooker. EXAGITATION, egz-adje-e-ta'-shfin. n.s. The act of shaking- or agitating. Did. To EXA LT?. egz-ak . r.a. [exaltrr. Fr.] To raise on high. St. Maitiiew, xi. To elevate to power, wealth, or dignity. Ezek. xxi. To elevate lo joy or confidence. Clarendon. To praise ; lo extol ; to magnify. Psai. xxxiv. To raise up in opposition. 2 Kings, xix. To intend ; to enforce. Prior. To heighten 5 to refine by tire. Arbuthnot. To elevate in diction or sentiment. Roscommon. EXALTATION, e-rz-al-ta -shun, n.s. The act of raising on high. Elevation to power or dignity. Judith, xvi. "Elevated state; state of greatness or dignity. Milton. [In pharmacy.] Raising a medi- cine to a higher degree of virtue. Quincij. The operation of purifying or perfecting any natural body, its principles, or parts. Smith. Dignity of a planet in which its powers are increased. Dri/dcn. EXA'LTEDNESS*, egz-alt'-ed-nes-. n. s. Stale of dignity or greatness. More. Conceited greatness. Gray. EXA'LTER*, egz-all'-ur. n.s. One that raises on high. Bonne. One that highlv praises or extols. Poller. BXA'MEN, egz-a'-men. 503. n.s. [Lat.] Examina- tion; disquisition 3 inquiry. Brown. EXAMINABLE*, egz-anV-e-na-bl. <*. Proper to be inquired into. EXA jIINANT*. egz-am'-e-n&nt. n.s. One who is to be examined. Dean Prideaux. EX V 31 IN AT E. egz-am'-e-nate. n. s. The person examined. Bactni. EXAKONA TION, egz-am-c-na'-shfin. n.s. The act of examining by questions, or experiment 3 accurate disquisition. Acts. xxv. EXA'MMATOR, egz-nm'-e-na-tur. 521. n. s. An examiner. Broini. FoEXA'MINE$, egz-am'-ln. 140. v. a. [examino, Lat.] To try a person accused or suspected by in- terrogatories. Ckarch Catechism. To interrogate a witness. Acts, xxiv. To question; to doubt. ShaJc. To try the truth or falsehood of any pro- position. To try by experiment, or observation; ' narrowly sift; scan. Pope. To make inquiry into; to search into; to scrutinize. Locke. EXA'MlNER, egz-am'-e-nfir. n.s. One who interro- gates a criminal or evidence. Hale. One who searches or tries any thing ; one who scrutinizes. Newton. EXATriPLARY, egz-am'-plar-e, a. Serving for ex- ample or pattern. Hooker. EXA'MPLE §, egz-am'-pl. 478. n. s. [exempium, Lat.] Copy or pattern ; that which is proposed to be re- sembled. Raleigh. Precedent; former instance of the like. Shale. Precedent of good. Milton. A person fit to be proposed as a pattern. 1 Tim. rv. One punished for the admonition of others. Jude, 7. Influence which disposes to imitation. Wisd. iv. Instance; illustration of a general position by some particular specification. Dryden. Instance in which a rule is illustrated by an application. Dnjden. To EXA'MPLE, egz-am'-pl. v. a. To exemplify; to give an instance of. Spenser. To set an example. ShoJcsj)eare. EXA'MPLELESS* Igz-am'-pl-les. a. Having no example or pattern. B. Jonson. EXA'MPLER*, egz-am'-pldr. n.s. A pattern; an example lo be followed. Bp. Fisher. Ob. T. EX A'N G UlOUS^k-sang'-gwe-us.rSec Exi ccate.] a. [exsangws, Lat.] Having no blood; formed with animal juices, not sanguineous. Broun. To EX A'N 1M ATE §*,%z-an'-e-mate'. v. a. [cxanimo Lat. J To trouble greatly; to amaze; to dishearten , to discourage. liu/oct. To deprive of life. Coles. EXAflVlMATE, egz-an<-e-mate. a. Lifeless; dead. Spenser. Spiritless f depressed. Thomson. EX AN LV. A TION , ogz-an-e-ma'-shun. n.s. Depriva- tion of life ; an amazement, a disheartening. Cocker: 'in. EXA N1MOUS, egz-an'-e-m&s. a. [exanimis, Lat.] Lifeless; dead; killed. EXANTHEMATA, eks-an-^em'-a-ta. n.s.[%- arCiiiia-a.] Efflorescences ; eruptions; breaking i out; pustules. EXANTHE WLATOUS, eks-an-f/iem'-a-l&s. a. Pus- tulous; efflorescent: eruptive. ToEXANTLATES, egz-ant'-lale. v. a. [exanilo. Lat.] To draw out. To exhaust ; to waste away Boyle. EXANTLA'TIQN, eks-iim-la'-shun. n.s. The act of drawing out: exhaustion. Brov:n. EXARATION,' egz-a-ra'-shun. n.s. [exaro, Lat.] The manual act of writing. Did. ECXARGHS*, eks'-ark. n. s. [e£apx°s-] A viceroy. Prcceedini's against Garnet. E'XARCHATE*, eks-ar'-kate. n. s. The dignity of an exarch. Bp. Taylor. EX ARTICULATION, eks-ar-tlk-u-la'-shun. < n. s [ex and urticatus, Lat.] The dislocation of a joint Diet. To EXA'SPERATE$. egz-as'-per-ate. v. a. [exas- pcro, Lat.] To provoke; to enrage. Shak. To heighten a difference. Brown. To exacerbate ; to heighten malignity. Bacon. EXASPERATE*, egz-as'-per-ate. a. Provoked 3 imbiuered. Shakspeare. EXA'SPERATER, egz-as'-ner-a-tur. n. s. He that exasperates ; a provoker. Sherwood. EXASPERATION, egz-as-per-a/-shun. n. s. Ag- gravation ; malignant representation. K. Charles. Provocation; irritation. Donne. Exacerbation Wolton. Rem. ToEXA'UCTORATE §, egz-awk'-to-rate. v. a. [cx- anctoro, Lat.] To dismiss from service. Lcl. Herbert. To deprive of a benefice. Ayliffe. EXAUCTORATJON, egz-awk-t6-ra'-shun. n. g. Dismission from service. Bp. Richardson. Depri- vation ; degradation. Ayliffe. To EXA'UTHORATE*, ~egz-aw-'-tfi6-ratc. v. a. [exauthorer, eld Fr.] To dismiss from service Ccckeram. EXAUTIIORATION*. egz-aw-Mo-ra'-shun. n.s Deprivation of office. Bp. //:|y_. To EXA'UTHORIZE* egz-sM ^^P- *• «• [«• and auihoi-ize.] To deprive ofJH Mb* author i tv. Selden. ^^» . EXCANDE'SCENCE, eks-kan-des'-sense. SlrM £*, EXCANDE'SCENCYflb-kan-des'-sen-se. n.s. [excandesco, Lat.] Heat; the stale of growing hot. Anger ; the stare of growing angry. EXCANTATION, eks-kan-ta'-shun. n.s. [excanto, Lat.] Disenchantment by a counter-charm. Gayton To EXCA'RNATE §, eks-kar'-nate. v. a. [ex and car- nis, Lat.] To clear from n'esh. Sir W. Petty. EXCARNTF1CATION, eks-kar-ne-fe-ka'-sh&n . n.s. The act of taking away the flesh. To E'XCAVATE$. eks-ka'-vate.r.a. [excavo,La\.] To hollow; to cut into hollows. Ray. EXCAVATION, eks-ka-va'-shfin. n. s. The act of cutting into hollows. The hollow formed; the cavity. Wotion. E'XCAVATOR*, eks'-ka-va-tur. n. s. A digger. To EXCAYE*. eks-kaye'. v. a. To hollow. Cocke- ram. To EXCE'CATE §*, ek-se'-kate. v. a. [exececo, Lat.] To make blind; to put out the eyes. Cockeram. EXCECATION*, eks-e-ka'-shun. n.s. Blindness, Bv. Ricliardson. 355 EXC EXC (LT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met 5— pine, pfn: To EXCE'ED$, ek-seed'. v. a. [excedo, Lat.] To go beyond ; to outgo. Woodward. To excel } to surpass. 1 Kings, x. To EXCE'ED, ek-seed'. v. n. To go too far ; to pass the bounds of fitness. Bp. Taylor. To go beyond any limits. Devi. xxv. To bear the gTeater pro- portion. Drijden. EXCE'EDABLE*, ek-see'-da-bl. a. That may sur- mount or excel. Slienvood. EXCE'EDER*, ek-see / -d&r# n. s. One that passes the bounds of fitness. Mountagu. EXCEEDING*, gk-see'-ding. n.s. That which passes the usual limits. Addison. EXCEEDING, gk-see'-dfng. part. a. Great in quan- tity, extent, or duration. Raleigh. EXCE'EDING, ek-see'-ding. ad. In a very great degree ; eminently. 1 Sam. ii. EXCEEDINGLY, ek-see'-d?ng-le. ad, To a great degree ; greatly ; very much. St. Mark, xv. EXCE'EDINGNESS^ek-see'-dlng-nes. n.s. Great- ness in quantity, extent, or duration. Sherwood, To EXCE'L §, ek-sel'. v. a. [excello, Lat.] To outgo in good qualities} to surpass. Waller. To over- power. Milton. To exceed, simply. Milton. To EXCE'L, ek-sel 7 . v.n, To have good qualities in a great degree ; to be eminent. Gen. xlix. EXCELLENCE. ek'-sSl-lense. )n. s. [excellence, EXCELLENCY, ek'-sel-len-se. \ Fr. excelleniia, Lat.] The state of abounding in any good quality. Milton. Dignity ; high rank in existence. Hooker. The state of excelling in any thing. Locke. That in which one excels. Addison. Purity 5 goodness. Shak. A title of honour. Usually applied to am- bassadours and govemours. Shakspeare. EXCELLENT, ek'-sel-lent. a. [excellens, Lat.] Of great virtue, worth, or dignity. Taylor. Eminent in any good quality. Job, xxxvii. EXCELLENTLY, ek'-sel-lent-le. ad. Well 5 in a high degree. Brown. To an eminent degree. Dn/den. EXCE'NTRICK*, ek-sen'-trlk. See Eccentrick. To EXCE'PT §, ek-sept'. v. a. [cxcipio, Lat.] To leave out, and specify as left out of a general pre- cept, or position. 1 Cor. xv. To EXCE'PT, ek-sept'. v. n. To object ; to make objections. Locke. EXCE'PT, ek-sept'. prep. Exclusively of; without inclusion of. Milton. Unless; if it be not so that. Tillotson, EXCEPTING, ek-sep'-t?ng. prep. Without inclu- sion of; with exception of. Dry den. EXCEPTION, ek-sep'-shun. n. s. Exclusion from the things comprehended in a precept, or position. South. Thing excepted or specified in exception. Swift. Objection ; cavil. Hooker. Peevish dis- like ; offence taken. Shale. Exception is a stop or stay to an actiafc^oth in the civil and common law. Cowfi^B ek-sep'-shun-a-bl. a. Liable tison, ek-seV-shun-ur. n.s. One who £es" objections. MiltorA EXCE'PTIOUS, ek-sep'-slus. a. Peevish; froward; full of objections. South. \ EXCE'PTIOUSNESS*, ek-sep'-shfis-nSs. n. s. Boyishness. Barrow. EXW'PTIVE)"_ek-sep'-tlv-. a. Including an excep- tion.' Watts. ' *- EXCE'PTLESS, ek-sept'-les. a. Omitting or neg- lecting all exception. Sliakspeare. EXCE'PTOR, ek-sep'-tfir. 166. n. s. Objector. Burnet. To EXCE RN, ek-sern'. v. a. [excerno, Lat.] To strain out ; to separate or emit by strainers. Ba- con. To EXCE'RP§*, elc-serp'. »•«• [excerpo, Lat.] To pick out. Hales. To EXCERPT*, £k-serpt'. v. a. To select. Bar- ™*rd. EXCE'RPTION, ek-serp'-shun. n. s. The act of gleaning ; selecting. The thing gleaned or select- ed. Raleigh. EXCE'RPTOR*, £k-serp'-tur. n.s. A picker or culler. Barnard. EXCERPTS*, e'k-se'rpts'. n.s. pi. Passages se- lected from authors j extracts. EXCE'SS §, ek-seV . n. s. [excessus, Lat.] More than enough ; superfluity. Hooker. Exuberance ; state of exceeding. Sliakspeare. Intemperance} unreasonable indulgence in meat and drink. Shak. Violence of passion. Transgression of due limits. Milton. EXCESSIVE, ex-ses'-siv. a. [excessif, Fr.] Beyond the common proportion of quantity or bulk. Bacon. Vehement beyond measure in kindness or dislike. Ecclus. xxxiii. EXCESSIVELY, ek-ses'-slv-le. ad. Exceedingly - eminently ; in a great degree. Addison. In an in temperate wav. Spenser. EXCE'SSIVENESS*. Sk-ses'-slv-nes. n. s. Exceed ingness. Sherwood. To EXCHANGES, eks-tshanje'. v. a. [exchanger, Fr.] To give or quit one thing for the sake of gain- ing another. Locke. To give and take recipro- cally. Shakspeare. EXCHA'NGE, eks-tshanje'. n. s. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. Waller. Traffick by permutation. South. The form or act of transfer- ring. Sluik. The balance of the money of different nations. Hayward. The thing given in return for something received. Locke. The thing received in return for something given. Dryden. The place where the merchants meet to negotiate their af- fairs ; place of sale. Locke. EXCHANGEABLE*, ex-tshanje'-a-bl. a. That may be exchanged. EXCHA'NGER, eks-tshan'-jur. n. s. One who prac- tises exchange. St. Matt. xxv. EXCHE'AT. See Escheat. EXCHE'ATOR. See Escheatof. EXCHEQUER §, eks-tshek'-Qr. n. s. [eschequsir, Norman Fr.] The court to which are brought al 1 the revenues belonging to the crown, and in which all causes touching the revenues of the crown are handled. Harris. To EXCHEQUER*, eks-tshek'-ur. v. a. To insti- tute a process against a person in the court of ex- chequer. Pegge. EXCISABLE*, ek-sl'-za-bl. a. Liable to the duty of ' e x ci se . Act of Pari. EXCI'SE §, ek-size'. n. s. [accijs, Dutch, excisum, La*.] A tax levied upon various commodities by several acts of parliament; and collected by offi- cers appointed for that purpose. Hayward. To EXCI'SE, ek-slze'. v. a. To levy excise upon a person or thing. Pope. EXCI'SEMAN, ek-slze'-man. 88. n. s. An officer who inspects commodities, and rates their excise. EXCI'SION, ek-slzh'-fin. 451. n.s. [excisio, Lat.] Extirpation ; destruction ; ruin. Sir T. Elyot. ~'-e-te. n.s. Cc ity of beinff excited. EXCITABILITY*, ek-sl-ta-bil'-e-te. n.s. Capabil-- Easy to be excited. EX'CI'TABLE*, ek-sl'-ta-bl. Barrow. To EXCI'TATE*, ek-sl'-tate. v. a. To stir up. Ba- con. EXCITA'TION, ek-se-ta'-shon. n.s. The act of ex citing, or putting into motion. Bacon. The act of rousing or awakening. Bp. Hall. EXCI'TATIVE*, ek-sl'-ta-t'fv. a. Having power to excite. Barrow. To EXCI'TE §, ek-slte'. v. a. [excito, LatJ To rouse ; to animate ; to stir up ; to encourage. Spenser. To put into motion ; to awaken ; to raise. EXCI'TEMENT, ek-slte'-ment. n.s. The motive by which one is stirred up. Slwikspeare. EXCI'TER, ek-sl'-ttir. n. s. One that stirs up others, or puts them in motion. King Charles. The cause by which any thing is raised or put in motion. De- cay of Piety. EXCl'TING*,ek-sl'-tmg.7?.s. Excitation. Herbert. To EXCLA'IM §, eks-klame'. v. n. [exclamo, Lat.] To cry out with vehemence ; to make an outcry. Sliak. To declare with loud vociferation. Sliafc. 356 EXC EXC -116, move, ndr, n6t ; — tihe, tub, bull ; — 6fl ;— pdund ;— (Inn, THis. EXCLA'IM, eks-klame'. n.s. Clamour; outcry. Shakspeare. EXCLA'IMER, eks-kla'-mur. n. s. One that makes vehement outcries. Allerburij. EXCLAMATION, eks-kla-ma'-shfin. «. s. Vehe- ment outcry; clamour; outrageous vociferation. Hooker. An emphatical utterance. Sidney. A note by which a pathetical sentence is marked, thus [!j EXCLAMATORY, Sks-klam'4-tur-e. 512, 557. a. Practising" exclamation. Containing exclamation. South. To EXCLUDE §, eks-klude'. v. a. [excludo, Lat.] To shut out ; to hinder from entrance or admission. Dryden. To debar ; to hinder from participation ; to prohibit. Dryden. To except in any position. Not to comprehend in any grant or privilege. Hooker. To dismiss from the womb or egg. Brown. EXCLUSION, els-klu'-zhun. n.s. The act of shut- ting out or denying admission. Bacon. Rejection; not reception. Addison. The act of debarring from any privilege. Burnet. Exception. Bacon. The dis- mission of the young from the egg or womb. Ray. Ejection ; emission; thing emitted. Brown. EXCLUSIONIST*, eks-ldi'-zhftn-lst. n, s. One who would debar another from any privilege. Fox. EXCLUSIVE, eks-klu'-siv. 158, 428. a. Having the power of excluding or denying admission. Mil- ton. Debarring from participation. Locke. Not taking into an account or number; opposed to in- clusive. Swift. Excepting. EXCLUSIVELY, eks-klu'-slv-le. ad. Without ad- mission of another to participation. Boyle. With- out comprehension in an account or number ; not inelusivelv. Ayliffe. To EXCCCT, eks-kokt'. v. a. [excocius, Lat.] To boil up; to make by boiling. Bacon. To EXCOGITATE §,eks-Bdje'-e-tate. v. a. [ex- co^ito, Lat.] To invent ; to strike out by think- ing. Sir T. Elyot. To EXCOGITATE*, eks-k6dje'-e-tate. v. n. To think. Bacon. EXCOGITATION*, eks-k6dje-e-uV-shun. n. s. In- vention. Sir T. Elyot. To EXCO'MMUNE*, eks-kom -mane', v. a. To ex- clude ; to discommon. Gaylon. EXCOMMU'NICABLE, eks-kim-mo'-ne-ka-bl. a. Liable or deserving to be excommunicated. Hooker. To EXCOMMU'NtCATE §, Sks-kom-mu'-ne-kate. t>. a. [excommunico, low Lat.] To eject from the communion of the church by an ecclesiastical cen- sure. Hammond. J£p Some smatterers in elocution are trying to pro- nounce this word with the accent on the second sylla- ble, and thus leave the three last syllables unaccented ; as if harshness and difficulty of pronunciation were the tests of propriety. The word excpmmunicatiun will admit of the accent on this syllable, as another must be placed on the fifth ; but, if a secondary accent be neces- sary, it ought to be rather on the first syllable. 5\>2. W. EXCOMMUNICATE*. eks-k6m-nuV-nc-kate. a. Excluded from the fellowship of the church. Donne. EXCOMMUNICATE* eks-k&m-mu'-akkate. n. s. One who is excluded from the fellowship of the church. Selden. One cut off from any advantage. Carew. EXCOMMUNlCA'TION^ks-kom-mi'.-ne-ka'-shun. n. s. An ecclesiastical interdict ; exclusion from the fellowship of the church. Hooker. To EXCO'RI ATE §, eks-ko'-re-ate. v. a. [excorio, Lat.] To flav; to strip off the skin. Wiseman. EXCORIATION, eks-ko-re-a'-shfin. n.s. Loss of skin ; privation of skin ; the act of flaying. Brewer. Plunder ; spoil. Howell. EXCORTICA'T10N,eks-k6r-te-ka'-shan. n.s. [ex and cortex, Lat.] Pulling the bark off any thing. Quina/. E'XCREABLE*, gks'-kre-a-bl. a. Which may be spit out. Bulfokar. To E'XCREATE§, eks'-kre-ate. w. a. [excreo, Lat.] To eject at the mouth by hawking. Cockeram. EXCREATION*, eks-kre-a'-sh&n. n. s. A retching, a spitting out. Cockeram. E'XCREMENT^eks'-kre-ment. n.s. [excrenwntum. Lat.] That which is thrown out as useless, noxious, or corrupted, from the natural passages of the bodv. Bacon . EXCREME'NTAL, eks-kre-meV-tal. a. That which is voided as excrement. Burton. EXCREMENTI TIOUS, eks-kre-men-fish'-fis. a. Containing excrements; consisting of matter ex creted from the bodv. Bacon. EXCRESCENCE Oks-kres'-sense. >510. n. s. EXCRESCENC Y $, eks-kreV-sen-se. \ [excresco, Lat.] Somewhat growing out of another without use, and contrary to the common order of produc- tion. Dryden. EXCRESCENT, eks-kres'-sent. a. That whien grows out of another with preternatural superfluity. Pope. To EXCRE TE*, eks-krete'. v. a. To pass by ex- cretion. Paley. EXCRE'TIOiN, eks-kre'-shun. n. s. [excretio, Lat.] Separation of animal substance ; ejecting some- what quite out of the body. Arlmtlinot. The thing excerned. Bacon. EXCRETIVE, eks'-kre-tiv. a. Having the power of separating and ejecting excrements. Han-ey. EXCRETORY; eks'-kre-tur-e. [See Domestick.] a. Having the quality of separating and ejecting superfluous parts. EXCRETORY, eW-kre-tur-e. 71.5. The instrument of excretion. Cheyne. EXCRUCIABLE, eks-kroS'-she-a-bl. a. Liable to torment. Diet. roEXCRU'CIATE^^ks-kro^-she-ate. 542. v. a. [excrucio, Lat.] To torture ; to torment. Chapnuxn. EXCRUCIATION*, eks-krSS-she-a'-shun. n. s. Torment; vexation. Feliham. EXCUBATION, eks-ku-ba'-shfin. n. s. [excubutio, Lat.] The act of watching all night. Did. To EXCULPATE $, eks-kul'-pate. v. a. [ex and culpo, Lat.] To clear from the imputation of a fault. Lowth. EXCULPA'TION* eks-kul-pa'-shun. n. s. The act of clearing from alleged blame. Beriuglon. EXCULPATORY*, eWkul'-pa-tfir-e. a. Clearing from imputed fault. Jolinson. To EXCU'R, eks-kur'. r . 71. To pass bevond lim- its. Harvey. Ob. J. EXCURSION $, eks-kur'-shfin. n. 5. [excurro., Lat.] The act of deviating from the stated or settled path ; a ramble. Pope. An expedition into some distant part. Locke. Progression beyond fixed lim- its. Arbuthnot. Digression; ramble from a sub- ject. Boyle. EXCU'RSIVE.Sks-kur'-slv. 157. a. Rambling 5 wan- dering ; deviating. Thomson. ^» «. EXCURSIVELY*, eks-kur'-siv-paA .In a wan- dering, unsettled manner. Boswe: EXCU'RSIVENESS*, eks-kur'-siv^ act of passing beyond usual bounds. Brit. Crit EXCUSABLE, eks-ku'-rfbl ney. The Pardonable. SHd EXCUSABLENESS, gks-kiV-za-bl-nes. n.s. Par donableness ; capability to be excused. Boyle. EXCUSA'TION, eks-ku-za'-shun. n. s. Excuse plea; apology. Bacon. EXCUSATORY, eks-ku'-za-tur-e. 512. [See Do mestick.] a. Pleading excuse; apologetical j making apology. A. Wood. To EXCUSE $, eks-kize'. 437. v. a. [excuse, Lat.] To extenuate by apology. B. Jonson. To disen- gage from an obligation. St. Luke, xiv. To remit j not to exact. To weaken or mollify obligation to any thing; to obtain remission. South. To pardon by allowing an apology. Addison. To throw off imputation Dy a feigned apology. 2 Cor. xii. To- justify; to vindicate. Rom. ii. EXCUSE, eks-kuse'. n.s. Plea offered in extenua- tion ; apology. Sidney. The act of excusing or apologizing. Shak. Cause for which one is ex- cused Roscommon. 357 EXE EXE ID" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, m^t;— pine, pin ;— EXCU'SELESS, eks-kflse'-les. a. That for which no excuse can be given. Whitlock. EXGU'SER, eks-ku'-zur. n. s. One who pleads for another. Swift. Oi$3 who forgives another. Shel- ton. To EXCU'SS $, eks-kfis'. v. a. [excussm, Lat.] To seize and detain by law. Ayliffe. To shake off. StUlitoe, fleet. EXCURSION, eks-kfish'-un. n. s. [excussio, Lat.] Seizure by law. Ayliffe. F/XECRABLE, ek'-se-kra-bl. 405. a. Hateful ; de- testable; accursed. Hooker. E'XECRABLY, &'-se-kra-ble. ad. Cursedly; abominably. Dry dm. ToE'XECRATE §, ek'-se-krite. v. a. [execror, Lat.] To curse; to imprecate ill upon. Bp. Taylor. EXECRA'TION, ek-se-kra'-shfin. n.s. Curse; im- precation of evil. Stilliiigfieet. The object of exe- cration. Jerem. xliv. E'XECRATORY*, eks / -e-kra-tfir-e. n.s. A formu- lary of execrations. L. Addison. ToEXE'CT$, eks-ekt'. v. a. \execo, Lat.] To cut out ; to. cut away. Harvey. EXE'CTION, eks-ek'-shfin. n. s. The act of cutting out. To E'XECUTE §, ek'-se-kute. v. a. [exequor, Lat.] To perform ; to practise. South. To put in act! to do what is planned or determined. Hooker. To put to death according to form of justice; to punish capitally. Wo/ton. To put to death ; to kill. Shak. To E'XECUTE, ek'-se-kiue. v. n. To perform the proper office. Sir J. Hay ward, E'XECUTER, eks'-e-ku-tur, or egz-ek'-u-'fir. n.s. He that performs or executes any thing. Shak. An executioner ; one who puts others to death. Shak. He that is intrusted to perform the will of a testa- tor. In this sense the accent is on the second syl- lable. Shakspeare. See Executor. EXE'CUTERSHIP, egz-ek'-A-tfir-shlp. it. s. The office of him that is appointed to perform the will of the defunct. Bacon. EXECUTION, ek-se-ki'-sh&n. n. s. Performance ; practice. Bacon. The last act of the law in civil causes, by which possession is given of body or goods. Clarendon. Capital punishment ; death in- flicted by forms of law. Shakspeare. Destruction; slaughter. Shakspeare. EXECUTIONER, ek-se-ku'-shun-ur. n . s. He that puts in act, or executes. Bacon. He that inflicts capital punishment. Sidney. He that kills; he that murders. Shak. The instrument by which any thing is performed. Crashaw. EXECUTIVE, egz-ek'-u-tiv. 478. a. Having the quality of executing or performing. Hale. Active; not deliberative ; not legislative ; having the power 1 to put in act the laws. Addison,. EXE'CUTOBjytz-ek'-u-tur. 166. n. s. He that is intrusted WjBform the will of a testator. See Exrxu r r*EjJ^ 3^p When tjPword signifies one who performs any thing in generalTthe accent is on the same syllable as on the verb to execute. W. % iv EXECUTORSHIP*. See Executeksh ?. EXECUTORY*, egz-ek'-u-tur-e.a. [executoire, Fr.] Having authority to put the laws in force ; exer- cising authority. Burke. [In law.] To be execut- ed or performed at a future period. Blackstone. EXECUTRESS*, egz-ek'-u-tres. n.s. An execu- trix. Tragedy of K. John. EXECUTRIX, egz-ek'-u-trlks. n. s. [executrice, Fr.] A woman intrusted to perform the will of the testator. Bacon,. EXEGE'SIS $, eks-e-je'-sk 478, 520. n. s. [{&y W i S .] An explanation. EXEGET1CAL, eks-e-jet'-e-kal. a. Explanatory; expository. Smith. EXEGETICALLY* eks-e-jet'-e-kal-le. ad. By way of explanation. Bp. Bull. EXE'MPLAR$, egz-em'-plar. 88. n.s. [Lat.] A pattern ; an example to be imitated. Raleigh. EXE'MPLAR*. See Exemplary. EXE MPLARILY, egz'-em-plar-e-le. ad. So as de- serves imitation. Bp. Hall. So as may warn others. Clarendon. In proof. Sir T. Herbert. EXE'MPLARINESS, egz'-em-plar-e-nes. n. s. State of standing as a pattern to be copied. Tillotson. EXEMPLA'RITY*, egz-em-plar'-e-tc. n.s. A pat- tern worthy of imitation ; goodness. W. Mounlagu EXEMPLARY, egz'-em-plar-e. a. Such as may deserve to be proposed to imitation. Bacon. Such as may give warning to others. K. Charles. Such as may attract notice and imitation. Prior. Illus trating as the proof of a thing. Fuller. $5= I have given the first syllable of this word, and the substantive and adverb formed from it, the flat sound of x, directly contrary to analogy, because I think it agreeable to the best usage; and in this case analogy must be silent ; though I think it ought to be a silence of complaisance rather than of consent. 425, 478. W. EXE'MPLARY*, egz'-em-plar-e. n. s. [cxemptaire, Fr.] A copy of a book or writing. Donne. EXEMPLIFICATION, egz-em-ple-fe-ka'-shOn n.s. A copy; a transcript. Hay ward. EXE'MPLIFIER*, egz-em'-ple-fl-ur. n. s. He that followeth the example of others. Huloet. To EXE'MPLIFY, egz-em'-ple-fi. 183. v. a. To il- lustrate by example. Hooker. To transcribe ; to co P.V- S , To EXE'MPT §, egz-emf. 412. v. a. [exemptes, Lat.] To privilege; to grant immunity from. Shakspeare. EXE'MPT, egz-eW. a. Free by privilege. Ayliffe. Not subject ; not liable to. B. Jonson.. Clear ; not included. Lee. Cut off from. Shakspeare. EXEMPTION, egz-em'-sh&n. n. s. Immunity, privilege ; freedom from imposts. Baco7i. EXE'MPTIBLE*, egz-em'-te-bl. a. Loose ; quit ; free ; privileged. Cotgrave. EXEMPTITIOUS, egz-em-t'lsh'-us. a. Separable ; that may be taken from another. More. To EXE'NTERATE $, egz-en'-ter-ate. v. a. [exen- tero, Lat.] To embowel. Burton. EXENTERATION, egz-en-ter-a'-shfin. *. s. The act of taking out the bowels. Brown. EXE'QUIAE, egz-e'-kwe-al. «. Funeral ; relating to funerals. Pope. E'XEQUIES $, eks'-e-kwlz. n. s. [exequies, Lat.] Without a singular. Funeral rites ; the ceremony of burial ; the procession of burial. Sliakspeare. E'XEUUY*. See Exequies. EXE'RCENT, egz-er'-sent. a. [exercens, Lai.] Prac- tising ; following any calling. AyliJ/e. EXERCISABLE*, eks-ur-si'-za-bl. a. Capable of being exercised. Hargrove. E'XERCISE^, eks'-er-slze. 478. n.s. [exercitium, Lat.] Labour of the body; labour, considered as conducive to health. Bacon. Something done lor amusement. Bacon. Habitual action by which the body is formed to gracefulness. Sidney. Prepara- tory practice in order to skill. Use ; actual appli- cation of any thjng. Hooker. Practice; outward performance" Addison. Employment. Locke. Task ; that which one is appointed to perform. Milton. Act of divine worship, whether publick or private. Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical. To E'XERCISE, eks'-er-size. v. a. [exerceo, Lat.] To employ; to engage in employment. Locke. To train by use to any act. Locke. To make skilful or dexterous by practice; to habituate Hchr. v. To busy; to keep busy. Atlerbury. To task ; to keep employed as a penal injunction. Eccl. i. To practise; to perform. Bacon. To exert ; to put in use. St. Matt. xx. To practise or use in order to habitual skill. Drydcn. To E'XERCISE, eks'-er-size. v.'n. To use exer- cise ; to labour for health or for amusement. Broome. EXERCISER, eks'-er-sl-zSr. n.s. He that directs or uses exercise. Diet. He that practises or per- forms an office or duty. Fulke. EXERCITATION, egz-er-se-ta'-shun. n. s. Exer- cise. Brown. Practice ; use. Felton. EXE'RGUE*, fez-erg/, n. s. [Fr.] That part of the medal whicli belongs not to the general device or subject of it, but which contains, m a corner of 358 EXII EXI — n6, move, nfir, not ;— tube, tab, bull ;— 6'il ;— pAfind ;— thin, thjs. it, or under a lino or figure, the name of the au- thor, or some collateral circumstance. 2'oEXERT^.egz-ert / .47fJ. v. a. [exero, Lat.] To use with an effort. Dn/ilcn. To pm forth ; to per- tbrm. South. To enforce ; to push to an dibit. Din/dm. To bring out. Dryden. To emit 3 to push out. PkilHps. EXE RTION, egz-eV-shun. n. s. The act oi' exert- ing - ; eflbrt. Robertson. EXE SION, egz-e'-zhiin. fi.s. [exesus, Lat.] The act of eating through. Brown. EXESTUATION, Ogz-es-tshu-a'-shun. n. s. [rxas- tuo. Lnt.] The state of boiling; effervescence ; ebullition. Boyle. To EXFOLIATE §, eks-ftV-le-ate. v. n. [ex and folium, Lat.] To shell off; separate, as a corrupt bone from the sound part. Wiseman. EXFOLIATION, eks^-le-a'-shim. n. s. The pro- cess by which the corrupted part of the bone sepa- rates from the sound. Burnet. EXFOLIATIVE, eks-f^-le-a-tiv. a. That has the power of procuring exfoliation. Wiseman. EXHA'LABLE, egz-ha'-la-bl. 405. a. That may be evaporated. Boyle. EXHALATION, egz-ha-la'-shiui. n. s. [exhalatio. Lat.] The act of exhaling or sending out in va- pours ; emission. Sir T. Broun. The state of evaporating or flying out in vapours ; evaporation. That which rises in vapours. Milton. 7'o EXHALE y, egz-hale'. 478. v. a. [exhalo, Lat.] To send or draw out in vapours. Temple. To draw out. Shakspeare. Tgr Though the ablest grammarians (Bcauzee Gram- mairc Generate, torn. i. p. 66.) have determined Hlo be a consonant, they have not decided whether it belongs to the flat or sharp class. If we consult our ear, when we place an unaccented x before it, we shall judge it belongs to thq former, as the x in this situation gene- rally slides into gi. W. EXHA'LEMENT, egz-hale'-ment. n. s. Matter ex- haled ; vapour. Broun. To EXHA'USTy, egz-hawst'. 425. v. a. To drain ; to diminish. Bacon. To draw out totally ; to draw till nothing is left. Locke. To draw forth. Shak- speare. EXHA'UST* egz-hawst'. a. Drained ; deprived of strength. Burton. EXHA'USTER*, Sgz-haws'-tfir. n. s. One who draws out totallv. Ellis. EXHAUSTIBLE*, egz-haws'-te-bl. a. Capable of being exhausted. Jolinson. EXHA'USTION, egz-haws'-tsh&n. 464. n. s. The act of drawing or draining'. Wotton. EXHA'USTMENT*, egz-hawst'-ment. n.s. Drain; diminution ; outgoing. Bp. Williams. EXHATJSTLESS, egz-hawst'-les. a. Not to be emp- tied; inexhaustible. Blackmore To EXHE'REDATE §*, egz-her'-e-date, v. a. [ex- hmredo, Lat.] To disinherit. Hi Joel. EXHEREDATION*, egz-her-e-da'-shun. n. s. A disinheriting. Chambers. To EXHI'BIT y,£gz-hib'-ft. 478. v. a. [exhibeo, Lat.] To offer to view or use ; to offer or propose in a formal manner. Clarendon. To show ; to display. Pope. EXHI'BIT*, egz-h?b'-it. n. s. Any paper formally exhibited in a court of law or equitv. Coicel. EXHI'BITER, egz-Mb'-lt-ur. n.s. He that offers an}' thing in a publick manner. Shak. He that displays to publick view. Gayton. EXHIBITION, egz-he-blsh'-flu. n. s. The act of exhibiting ; display. Grew. Allowance ; salary ; pension. Swift. Pavment ; recompense. Shak. EXHIBITIONER*, egz-he-b'ish'-un-ur. n. s. One who, in our English universities, receives a pension or allowance, bequeathed by benefactors for the encouragement of learning. EXHTBITIVE, egz-hhV-c-uV. a. Representative; displaying. Norris. EXIIFBIT1VELY*, egz-hlb'-e-tiv-le. ad. Repre- sentatively. Waterland. EXHI BITOR*, egz-hlb'-lt-ur. See Exhibited INHIBITORY*, egz-hib'-e-tur-e. a. Setting forth; showing. Warton. To EXHFLARATEy, egz-hil'-a-rate. v. a. [exhi/a- ro, Lat.] To make cheerful ; to cheer ; to lill with mirth ; to enliven. Bacon. 7\? EXHILARATE*, egz-hil'-a-rate. v.n. To be- come glad. Bacon. EXHILARATION, egz-hll-a-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of giving gayety. The state of being enlivened. Bacon. To EXHO'RTy, egz-hort'. v. a. [exhortor, Lat.] To incite bv words to any good action. 1 Thess. iv. EXHO'RT* egz-hdrt'. n. s. Exhortation. Pope. Ob. T. EXHORTATION, eks-h6r-uV-shun. n. s. The act of exhorting; incitement to good. Alterbury. The form of words bv which one is exhorted. Shak. EXHO'RTATIVE*, eks-hor'-td-tiv. a. Containing exhortation. Banoiv. EXHG'RTATORY, ^gz-hSr'-ta-tur-e. 512. [See Doiwestick.] a. Tending to exhort. Cockeram. EXHO'RTER, egz-hdr'-tur. n. s. One who exhorts or encourages by words. Huloet. EXHUMA'TlON*, egz-hu-ma'-shun. n. s. [ex ana humus, Lat.] The act of unburying, or removing out of the grave. Seward. To EXFCCATEy, ek-sik'-kate. v. a. [exsicco. Lat.] To dry. Diet. {£5= The firs 4 syllable of this word (strictly speaking) ought to be pronounced according to the rule laid down under the preposition ex .- but in this pronunciation we totally lose the sharp .?, which commences the Latin word sicco, to dry, of which this word is compounded ; and thus the sound of the word is radically injured, and its etymology lost. But, it will be said, the Latins made the same excision of the radical s, on account of the coincidence with the 5 contained in the x of the prepo- sition, and wrote the word exicco. It. is allowed these corruptions obtained amongst them, as amongst us; though it is doubtful whether the same inconvenience arose amongst them in this word, as with us : for Vos- sius makes it highly probable that the Latins never gave the flat sound ejrz to the letter x ; and the best manuscripts inform us, that writing this word with an x, as exsicco, and thus preserving the composition distinct and perfect, is the most accurate orthogra- phy. W. EXICCATION, ek-sik-ka'-slnm. n. s. , Arefaction act of drying up; state of being dried up. Bent- leu. EXl'CCATIVE, gk-sfk'-ka-liv. 512. a. Drying fn quality; having the power of drying. EXIGENCE §, eV-se-jense. ) n. s. Demand ; want ; EXIGENCY Mk'-se-jen-se. S .need. Hooker. Pressing necessity; sudden occasion. Broome. F/XIGENT, ek'-se-jent. n. s. [cxigens, Lat.] Press- ing business; occasion that requires immediate help. Hooker. A law term ; a writ sued when the defendant is not to be fouroL Hanmar. End. Shakspeare. E'XIGENT*, ek'-se-jent. a. Pressings requiring im- mediate aid. Burke. EXIGUTTYy, eks-e-gu'-e-te. n. s. [exiguitas, Lat.] Smallness ; diminutiveness ; slenderness. Boyle. EXI'GUOUS, egz-fg'-u-us. a. Small; diminutive, little. Harvey. E'XILEy, dks'-ile. n.s. [exilium, Lat.] Banishment- state of being banished. Shak. The person ban- ished. Dryden. 05° This word, as a substantive, has the accent always ' on the first syllable ; as a verb, it was formerly accent- ed on either syllable ; but it is now, as Mr. Nares ob- serves, universally accented as the noun. W. To EXILE, eg-zlle'. 492. [eksMle.] v.a. To banish to drive from a country. SJmksy^are. EXFLEy, eg-zile'. 478. a. [exilis, Lat.] Small; slender ; not full ; not powerful. Bacon. JfV This word, as an adjective derived from the Latir / exilis, is by N;rres, Sheridan, Ash, and Entick, ac- cented on the last syllable. The third edition oi Johnson's folio edition has the accent on the last also; but the quarto edition has it on the first. Authority is certainly on the side of the ultimate accent ; but it may be questioned whether it is not contrary to analogy ; for 359 EXO EXP (ET 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, phi ;- the penultimate t, being long in Latin, has no necessary influence on the English word, any more than it has on hostile, servile, &c. W. EXPLEMENT, eg-zlle'-ment n. s. Banishment. Wotton. EXIL1TION, £ks-e-llsh'-un. n. s. [exililio, Lat.] The act of springing or rushing out suddenly. Brown. EXI'LITY, fig-zll'-e-te. n. s. Slenderness ; smallness ; diminution. Bacon. EXI'MIOUS, %-zW-e-us. a. [eximius, Lat.] Fa- mous ; eminent ; conspicuous ; excellent. Barrow. To EXl'NANITE §*, e'g-zln'-a-nite. v. a. [exinanio, Lat.] To make empty ; to spoil ; to weaken ; to make of no force. Pearson. Ob. T. EXINANITION, eg-zln-a-nlsh'-un. n.s. Privation; loss. Bp. Hall. To EXI'ST §, eg-zlst'. 478. v. n. [exists, Lat.] To be ; to have a being. South. EXISTENCE, eg-zfs'-tense. ) n. s. [existentia, low EX1STENC Y, eg-zis'-ten-se. $ Lat.] State of be- ing ; actual possession of being. Brown. A being. Taller. EXVSTENT, eg-zls'-t^nt. a. Having being; in possession of being. Brown. EXISTENTIAL*, eg-zis-ten'-shal. a. Having exis- tence. Bp. Barlow. EXlSTIMAT10N,eg-z?s-te-ma-shun. n.s. [existi- matho, Lat.] Opinion. Esteem. E'XIT, eks'-lt. n. s. [Lat.] The term set in the mar- gin of plays to mark the time at which the player goes off. Recess ; departure ; act of quitting the theatre of life. Shak. Passage out of any place. Glancilk. Way by which there is a passage out. Woodward. EXITIAL, egz-?sh'-yal. 113. )a. [exitialis, Lat.] EXITIOUS, egz-lsh'-y&s. \ Destructive; fatal"; mortal. Homilies. Ob. J. E'XODE*, £ks'-6de. n. s. [f|o<5iov.J An interlude, or farce, at the end of a tragedy. Roscommon. E'XODUS, £ks y -6-dus. ) n. s. [l^oSoi.] Departure ; E'XODY, e'ks'^-de. $ journey from a place : the second book of Moses is so called, because it de- scribes the journevofthe Israelites from Egypt. Hale, EXOLETE, eks'-6-lete. a. [exoktus, Lat.] Obso- lete • out of use. Did. EXOLUTION, eg-z6-lu'-sh&n nerves. Brown. To EXO'LVE, egz-olv'. v. a. [exolvo, Lat.] To loose ; to pay. Diet. EXO MPHALOS, egz-om'-fa-l6s. .] To Laxation of the , Lat.] T n. s. [f£ and tip [exonero . The act Freeing abjure by some holy name. To drive away spirits by certain forms of abjuration. To purity from the influence of malignant spirits by religious ceremonies. Bp. Hall. E'XORCISER, £ks'-or-sI-zur. n. s. One who prac- tises to drive away evil spirits. Shakspeare. E'XORCISM, eks'-6r-sizm. n. s. The iorm of abju- ration, or religious ceremony by which evil spirits are driven away, Harvey. E'XORCIST, gks'-or-slst. n. s. One who, by abjura- tions, prayers, or religious acts, drives away ma- lignant spirits. Acts, xix. An enchanter ; a con- juror. Shakspeare. EXORDIAL*,egz-6r'-de-al.a.Introductory.£n>u-tt. EXORDIUM, egz-6r'-de-um. n. s. [Lat.] A formal preface ; the proemial part cf a composition. May. EXORNATION, eks-6r-na / -shun. n. s. [exornalio, Lat.] Ornament ; decoration ; embellishment. Hooker. EXO'SSATED, egz-os'-sa-ted. a. [exossatus, Lat.] Deprived of bones. Diet. EXOSTOSIS, eks-6s-t6'-sk 520. n.s. {% and oV teov.~) Any protuberance of a bone that is not natu- ral. Quirwy. J£p I have, in the accentuation of this word, differed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Ash, and have adhered to a Medical Dictionary, which places the accent regularly on the penultimate. W. EXOSSEOUS, egz-osh'-she-us. a. Wanting bones i boneless. Brown. EXOTERIC AL $*, egz-6-ter'-e-kal . ) a. [IfaretH- EXOTERICK^*, egz-6-teV-ik. S *fr : ]Aierm applied to the double doctrine of the ancient phi- losophers ; the publick, or exoterick ; the secret, or esolerick. Hales. E XOTERY*, egz'-6-tir-e. n. s. What is obvious or common. Search. EXOTIC AL $*,%z-ot'-e-kal. a. [^a,™^.] Foreign; not domestick. Bp. Hall. EXOTICK, egz-ot'-Ik. a. Foreign ; not produced in our own country. Bp. Morion. EXO'TICK, 3gz-6t'-Ik. n. s. A foreign plant. Ad- dison. To EXPAND §, ek-spand'. v. a. [expando, Lat.l To spread ; to lay open as a net or sheet. To dilate ; to spread out every way. Arbuthnot. EXPANSE, £k-spanse'. n. s. [exjiansmn, Lat.l A body widely extended without inequalities. Mil- ton. EXPANSIBILITY, ^k-span-se-blF-e-te. n.s. Ca- pacity of extension; possibility to be expanded or f>read into a wider surface. Grew. PANSIBLE, elc-span'-se-bl. a. Capable to be extended. Grew. EXPANSION, Sks-pan'-shun. n. s. The state of be- ing expanded into a wider surface or greater space. Genesis. The act of spreading out. Grew. Ex- tent ; space to which any thing is extended. Locke. Pure space, as distinct from extension in solid matter. Locke. EXPANSIVE, eks-pan'-slv. 428. a. Having the power to spread into a wider surface. Ray. EX PARTE*, els-par'-te. [Lat.] Of the one part. A law term, signifying what is executed by one side only ; what is related on one part only of the matter. To EXPATIATES, ^k-spa'-she-ate. 542. v. n. [ex- patior, Lat.] To range at large. Leland. To en- large upon in language. Broome. To let loose ; to allow to ran7r<\ Sprat. EXPATIATOR*, £k-spa'-she-a-lur. n.s. One who enlarges upon in language. Pegge. To EXPATRIATE $*, ek-spat'-re-ate, or ek-spa'- tre-ate. v. a. [ex and patria, Lat.] To banish from one's native country ; to leave it. Berington. EXPATRIATION*, elc-spat -re-a'-shfin. n. s. Ban- ishment, voluntary or compulsory ; emigration. ToEXPE'CTS, ek-spSkt'. v. a. [expecto, Lat.] To have a previous apprehension of either good or evil. Jerem. xxix. To wait for ; to attend the com- ing. Milton. 360 EXP EXP —no. move, nor, nflt ;— tube, tub, bftll ;— oil ;— pound ;— thin, this. To wait to stay. To be expect To EXPECT, ek-spekt Samli/s. EXPE'CT ABLE, ek-spek'-ta-bl. a. ed ; to be hoped or feared. Brown. EXPECTANCE, ek-speV-tanse. ) n. s. The act or EXPECTANCY, ek-spek'-tan-se. S state of ex- pecting. Shakspeare. Something expected. Sliak- sfvare. Hope. Shakspeare. EXPECTANT, Zk-spek'-iant. a. [Fr.] Waiting ia expectation. Chaucer. EXPECTANT, ek-spek'-tant. n. s. One vlio waits in expectation of any thing. Spenser. EXPECTATION, ek-spek-ta'-shun. n. s. The act ot expecting. Shak. 1 he state of expecting either with hope or fear. Rogers. Prospect of any thing good to come. Ps. lxh. The object of happy ex- pectation ; the Messiah expected. Milton. A state in which something excellent is expected from us. Sidney. EXPE'CT ATIVE*. ek-spek'-ta-llv. a. Expecting. Cot grave. EXPECTATrVE*, ek-spek'-ta-t!v. n.s. The object of expectation. Sir H. Wotton. EXPECTER, ek-spek'-tur. n. s. One who has hopes of something. Swift. One who waits, for another. Shak. The name of a sect who had no determi- nate religion. Pagiit. EXPECTORANTS*, gks-pel'-to-rants. n. s. Medi- cines which promote expectoration. To EXPECTORATE §, eks-pek'-ti-rate. v. a. [ex and pectus, Lat.] To eject from the breast. EXPECTORATION, eks-pek-ti-ra'-shfln. n. s. The act of discharging from the breast. That dis- charge which is made by coughing. Quincy. EXPECTORATIVE, Sks-peV-t6-ra-tiv. 512. a. Having the quality of promoting expectoration. Harveif. To EXPE'DIATE*, 3ks-pe'-de-ate. v. a. [expedier, old Fr.] To expedite ; to despatch. Sir E. San- dys. Ok T. n.s. Fit ness 5 propri- Expedition ; Shak. EXPEDIENT $, eks-pe'-de-gn't, or ex-pe'-je-ent. b 293. a. [expedient, old Fr.] Proper ; fit ; conveni- ent ; suitable. Hooker. Quick 5 expeditious. Shak- speare. EXPE'DIENT; gks-p^'-de-ent. n.s. That which helps forward, as means to an end. Decay of Piety . A shift ; means to an end contrived in an exigence, or difficulty. Dryden. EXPEDIENTLY, eks-pe'-de-ent-le. ad. Fitly; suitably; conveniently. Hastily; quickly. Shak- speare. I'oEXPETHTATE^eks-ped'-e-tate. v. a. [expe- dito, low Lat.] To cut off the balls, or certain claws of great dogs' feet, that they may not harm ihe king's deer. Chambers. EXPEDITA'TION*, eks-ped-e-t;V-shfin. n.s. [In the forest laws.] The mutilation of dogs' feet. Ashmole. To EXPEDITER gks'-pe-dlte. v. a. [expedio, Lat.] To facilitate; to free from impediment. Milton. To hasten ; to quicken. Swift. To despatch ; to issue from a publick office. Bacon. EXPEDITE, eks'-pe-dite. a. Quick ; hasty ; soon performed. Sandys. Easy ; disencumbered ; clear. Hooker. Nimble ; active ; agile. Tillotson. Light armed. Bacon. E'XPEDITELY, eks'-pe-dlte-le. ad. With quick- ness ; readiness ; haste. Grew. EXPEDITION. eks-pe-dlsh'-un. n.s. Haste j speed; activity. Hooker. A march or voyage with mar tial intentions. SJiakspeare. EXPEDITIOUS, eks-pe-dfeh'-us. a. Speedy ; quick ; soon done. Shakspeare. Nimble ; swift ; acting with celerity. EXPEDITIOUSLY, eks-pe-dfsh'-us-le. a. Speedi- ly ; nimblv. E'XPEDIT IVE*, Sks'-pe-de-uV. a. Performing with speed. Bacon. 46 To EXPE'L$, £ks-peT. v. a. [expello, Lat.] To out ; to force away. Jos. xxiii. To eject ; to EXPEDIENCE, EXPE' ety ; suitableness to an end. South. adventure. Shak. Haste; despatch. DIENCE, eks-pe'-de-ense. 7316. 'DIENCY, eks-pe'-de-Sn-se. \ nei To drive throw out. Bacon. of residence. Dryden. To reject ; to refuse. Spen- ser. To keep off; to exclude. Shakspeare. EXPE'LLER, eks-peT-lur. n. s. One that expels or drives away. EXPENCE*. See Expense. To EXPEND^ elcs-pend'. v. a. [expendo, Lat.] To lay out ; to spend. Shakspeare. EXPENDITURE*, eks-pen'-de-tshure. n.s. Cost, disbursement. EXPENSE §, eks-pense'. n. s. [expensum, low Lat. Costs ; charges ; money expended. Woodward. EXPENSEFUL, eks-pense'-ful. a. Costly ; expen- sive. Beaumont and Fletcher. EXPENSEFULLY*, eks-pense'-ful-le. ad. In a costly way ; at great charge. Weeve.r. EXPE'NSELESS, eks-pense'-l&. a. Without cost. Milton. EXPENSP7E, eks-pen'-sfv. 428. a. Given to ex- pense; extravagant. Temple. Costly; requiring expense. Liberal ; distributive. Sprat. EXPENSIVELY, eks-pen'-siv-le. ad. With great expense. Donne. EXPENSIVENESS,eks-peV-slv-ngs. n.s. Addic- tion to expense; extravagance. Lowth. Costli- ness. Arbuthnot. EXPEDIENCE §, ^ks-pe'-re-ense. n. c. [experientia, Lat.] Practice; frequent trial. Raleigh. Knowl- edge gained by practice. Shelion. To EXPE RIENCE, gks-pe'-re-ense. v. a. To try ; to practise. To know by practice. Milton.. EXPERIENCED, elcs-pe'-re-enst. part. a. Made skilful by experience. Locke. Wise b} r long prac- tice. Pope.' EXPERIENCER, eks-pe'-re-en-sur. n. s. One who makes trials ; a practiser of experiments. Digby. EXPEDIENT* gks-pe'-re-ent. a. Having experi- ence. Beaumont and Fletcher. EXPERIMENT §, eks-per'-e-ment. n. s. [experi- mentum, Lat.] Trial of any thing ; something done in order to discover an uncertain or unknown ef- fect. Bacon. To EXPERIMENT, gks-peV-e-ment. v. a. To try; to search out by trial. Sir T. Herbert. To know by experience. Herbert. To EXPERIMENT*, els-per'-e-ment. v. n. To make experiment. Ray. EXPERIMENTAL, gks-per-e-men'-tal. a. Pertain- ing to experiment. Built upon experiment. Brown. Known by experiment or trial. Newton. EXPERIMENTALIST*, ^ks-per-e-men'-tal-fst. n. s. One who makes experiments. Burgess. EXPERIMENTALLY, gks-per-e-men'-tal-e. ad. By experience ; by trial. Bp. Hall. EXPERIMENTER, eks-per'-e-men-tur. n. s. One who makes experiment. Digby. EXPERT Mks-perf. a. [expertus, Lat.] Skilful; addressful; intelligent. Shak. Ready; dexterous. Dryden. Skilful Dy practice or experience. Ba- con. To EXPERT*, eks-perf. v. a. To experience Spenser. Ob. T. EXPERTLY, eks-pert'-le. ad. In a skilful, ready manner. Huloet. EXPERTNESS, eks-peYt'-nes. n. s. Skill ; readi- ness ; dexterity. Shakspeare. EXPETIBLE* Sks-peV-e-bl. a. [expetibilis, Lat.] To be wished for, or desired. Puller. E'XPIABLE, ^ks'-pe-a-bl. 405. a. Capable to be ex- piated. Bp. Hall. To E'XPIATES, Sks'-pe-ate. 90. v. a. [expio, Lat.] To annul the guilt of a crime by subsequent acts of piety ; to atone for. Bacon. To avert the threats of prodigies. To make reparation for. Claren- don. EXPIATION, eks-pe-a'-shfin. n. s. The act of ex- piating or atoning for any crime. Numbers, xxxv The means by which we atone for crimes ; atone- ment. Milton" Practices by which the threats of ominous prodigies were averted Hay ward. 361 EXP EXP O 3 559.— Fate, far. fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;— E'XFIATORY,eks'-pe-^-»^-e. 512. [See Domes- tick.] a. Having the power of expiation. Hooker. EXPlLATlON,ei EXPLODES, eks-nlode'. v. a. [explodo, Lat.] To drive out disgracefully with some noise of con- tempt. Milton. To drive out with noise and vio- lence. Blackmore. EXPLODER, eks-plo'-d&r. n. s. A hisser; one who drives out with open contempt. South. EXPLOIT §, eks-pldit'. n. s. [expletum, Lat.] A de- sign accomplished ; an achievement ; a successful attempt. Milton. To EXPLOIT, eks-pldit'. v. a. To perform; to achieve. Camden. EXPLOITABLE*, eks-plSlt'-a-bl. a. Capable of being achieved. Cotgrave. EXPLOITURE*, eks-ploe'-tshure. n.s. Achieve- ment. Sir T. Elyot. Ob. T. To EXPLORATEy, eks-pl6'-rate. v. a. To search out ; to explore. Brown. EXPLORATION, eks-pto-ra'-shun. n. s. Search , examination. Brown. EXPLORATOR, eks-pl6-ra'-lfir. n.s. One who searches; an examiner. Hallywell. EXPLORATORY, eks-pl6r'-a-t&r-e. a. Searching; examining. Wotton. 25=* In this word, as in declaratory, we may perceive the shortening power of the pre-antepenultiinate accent; which, like the antepenultimate, when not followed by a diphthong, shortens every vowel but u. 511, 535. W To EXPLO'REy, eks-plfW. 503. v. a. [exploro, Lat.] To try ; to search into ; to examine by trial. Milton. EXPLOREMENT, eks-phW-ment. n. s. Search trial. Brown. EXPLOSION, Sks-pl6'-zhun. n. s. The act of driv- ing out any thing with noise and violence. Wood- ward. EXPLOSIVE, eks-pl6'-siv. 158,428. a. Driving out with noise and violence. Woodward. EXPOL1AT10N*, eks-p6-le-a'-shun. n. s. [expo/ia- tio, Lat.] A spoiling or wasting. Bp. Halt. To EXPOLISH*, eks-pol'-lish. v. a. [expolio, Lat.] To polish exquisitely. Heywood. EXPONENT §, eks-prV-nent. n.s. [expono, Lat.] Exponent of the ratio, or proportion between any two numbers or quantities, is the exponent arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent : thus six is the exponent of the ratio which thirty hath to five. Harris. EXPONENTIAL, £ks-p6-neV-shal. a. Exponential curves are such as partake both of the nature of algebraick and transcendental ones. Harris. ToEXPO'RTy, gks-pdrf. via. [exporto, Lat.] To carry out of a country, generally in the way of traffick. Bacon. E'XPORT, els'-port. 492. n. s. Commodity carried out in traffick. Bp. Berkeley. EXPORTABLE*, gks-pirt'-a-bl. a. Which maybe exported. EXPORTATION, eks- P 6r-ta'-shun. n. s. The act or practice of carrying out commodities into other countries. Swi/l. Simply, the act of carrying out. Smith. The state of being carried out. Bourne. EXPO'RTER, eks-n6r'-tur. n.s. He that carries out commodities. Locke. To EXPOSES, ^ks-poze'. v. a. [expono, expositum, Lat.] To lay open; to make liable. Shak. To put in the power of anv thing. Dryden. To lay open ; to make bare. Dryden. To lay open to censure or ridicule. Dryden. To lay open to ex- amination. Locke. To put in danger. Clarendon To cast out to chance. Locke. To censure ; to treat with dispraise. Addison. EXPO'SER*. eks-p6'-zur. n. s. An explainer ; an in- terpreter. Cotgrave. One who lays open to con- tempt or ridicule. EXPOSITION, eks-po-zish'-un. n. s. The situation in which any thing is placed with respect to the sun or air. Arbuthnot. Explanation ; interpreta- tion. Shakspeare. EXPO'SITIVE*, Sks-p&z'-e-tiv. a. Explanatory; containing exposition. Pearson. EXPOSITOR , eks-p6z'-e-tur. n. s. [Lat.] Explain- er ; expounder ; interpreter. Locke. EXPOSITORY*, eks-p&z'-e-t&r-e. a. Explanatory. Johnson. To EXPOSTULATED eks- P 6s'-tshu-late. 463. v. n. [expostido, Lat.] To canvass with another ; 362 EXP EXT -no, m6ve, udr, not ;— tube, tiib, biill ;— 6)1 ;— pound ;— thin, to altercate; to debate without open rupture. Shak- sptecre. To EXPOSTULATE*, eks-p6s'-tshu-late. v. a. To discuss; to inquire into; to examine. Aslieton. EXPOSTULATION, Sks-pds-tshu-la '-shun, n. s. Debate ; altercation ; discussion of an affair with- out rupture. Spectator. Charge ; accusation. Aii- litfr. EXPO'STULATOR, eks-pos^tshi-la-tto. 521. n. s. One that debates with another without open rup- ture. EXPO'STULATORY, eks- P 6s'-tshu-la-tur-c.. 463, 512. a. Containing- expostulation. Swift. EXPOSURE, eks-po- -zluire. n. s. The act .of ex- posing or setting out to observation. The state of being open to observation. Skak. The state of be- ing exposed to any thing. Sliak. The state of be- ing in danger. Shak. Exposition ; situation. jEi;e- lyn. ToEXPO'UNDS, eks-pofind'. v. a. [erjxmo, Lat.] To explain ; to clear ; to interpret. Hooker. To examine ; to lay open. Hudibras. EXPO'UNDER, eks-poim'-dur. *.*. Explainer; in- terpreter. Hooker. To EXPRE'SS§, eks-preV. v. a. [expressvs, Lat.] To copy ; to resemble ; to represent. Dryden. To represent by any of the imitative arts, as poetry, sculpture, painting. Smith. To represent in words ; tn exhibit by language ; to utter ; to de- clare. Milton. To show or make known in any manner. Prior. To denote ; to designate. Numb. i. To squeeze out ; to force out by compression. Bacon. To extort by violence. B. Jonson. EXPRE'SS, £ks-preV. a. Copied ; resembling ; ex- actly like. Milton. Plain ; apparent ; in direct terms. Hooker. Clear; not dubious. Stillingfleet. On purpose; for a particular end. Allerbury. EXPRE'SS, eks-preV. n. s. A messenger sent on purpose. Clarendon. A message sent. K. Charles. A declaration in plain terms. JN orris. A represen- tation bv sculpture. Gregory. EXPRESSIBLE, Sks-pres'-se-bl. a. That may be uttered or declared. Woodward. That may be drawn by squeezing or expression. EXPRESSION, eks-presh'-un. n. s. The act or power of representing any thing. Holder. The form or mode of language in which any thoughts are uttered. Buckingham. A phrase ; a mode of speech. Mjson. The act of squeezing or forcing out any tiling by a press. Bacon. EXPRE'SSIVE, 6ks-pres 7 -siv. a. Having the power of utterance or representation. Tickell. EXPRE'SSIVELY, eks-pres'-slv-le. ad. In a clear and representative way. EXPRE'SSIVENESS/eks-pres'-sIv-ngs. n. s. The power of expression or representation by words. Addison. EXPRE'SSLY, eks-pres'-le. ad. In direct terms; plainly ; not bv implication. Hooker. EXPRE'SSNESS*, eks-pres'-nes. n. s. The power of expression. Hammond. EXPRE'SSURE, eks-presh'-ure. 452. n.s. Expres- sion ; utterance. Shale. The form ; the likeness represented. Shale. The mark; the impression. Shakspeare. Oh. J. To E'XPROBRATE $, eks-pr6'-brate. v. a. [expro- bro, Lat.] To chirge upon with reproach ; to impute openly with blame ; to upbraid. Brown. EXPROBRA'TION, eks-prd-bra'-shun., n. s. Re- proachful accusation. Hooker. E'XPROBR ATI VE*. eks'-pro-brd-tlv. a. Reproach- ins ; upbra'ding. Sir A. Sherley. To EXPROPRIATE $, eks-pr6'-pre-ate. v. a. [ex and proprins, Lat.] To make no longer our own ; to hold no longer as a property. Boit/e. EXPROPRIATION*, Sks-pro-pre^a'-shfin. n. s. The act of making no longer our own. W Moun- tain. To EXPU'GN $, eks-pftne'. 385, 386. v. a. \expugno, Lat.] To conquer ; to take by assault. Fox. EXPU'GNABLE*, eks-p&g'-na-bl. a. That may be forced, or won by force. Cotgrave. EXPUGNATION, cks-pog-na'-shun. n. s. Col (most ; the act of taking by assault. Sandys. EXPU'GNER*, eks-pu'-nfir. [See Impugner . n.s. A forcer; a subduer. Sherwood. To EXPU'LSE§, eks-pftlse'. r. a. [expulsue Lat.' To drive out ; to expel ; to force away. Bacon. EXPU'LSER*, fiks-pdl'-sar. n.s. An expeller. Cot- frrave. EXIM.T ■LS10N,eks-pul'-shon. n.s. The act of ex- pelling or driving out. Siillingjleet. The state of being driven out. Raleigh. EXPULSIVE, eks-pul'-'siv. 158, 428. «. Having the power of expulsion. Wiseman. EXPU'NCTION, eks-pungk'-shfin. n.s. Abolition, the act of expunging, or effacing. Milton. TbEXPUNGE§, eks-p&nje'. v. a. [expungo, Lat.] To blot out ; to rub out. Milton. To efface ; to an- nihilate. Sandys. EXPU NGING*, eks-pun'-jmg. n. s. The act of blotting out. Swift. jToEXPU'RGATE^eks-pfir'-gate. v. a. [expurgo. Lat.] To expunge ; to purge away. Jones. EXPURGA'TION. eks-pfir-ga'-shfin. n. s. The act of purging or cleansing. Wiseman. Purification from bad mixture, as of errour or falsehood. Bp. Hall. EXPU'RGATOR, eks-pfir'-ga-tur. n.s. One who corrects by expunging. Jenkins. EXPURGATO'RIOUS*, eks-pur-gu-uV-re-us. a. Expunging. Milton. EXPU'RGATORY.eks-pur'-ga-tfir-e. a. Employed in purging away what is noxious. Brown. To EXPU'RGE*, eks-purje'. v. a. To purge away; to expunge. Milton. ToEXQUFRE*, eks-kwlre'. v. a. [exquiro, Lat.] To search into ; to inquire after. Sandys. Ob. T. E'XQUISLTES, eks'-kwe-zit. a. [exquisitus, Lat.] Farsought ; excellent ; consummate ; complete. Hooker. Consummately bad. King Charles. Very sensibly felt. Cheyne. Curious; searching into. Milt. E'XQUISITELY, eks'-kwe-zft-le. ad. Perfectly; completely. Baron. E'XQUlSl'TENESS, eks -kwe-zft-nes. n.s. Nicety perfection. Bp. Hall. EXQUJ'SITIVE* eks-kwfz'-e-uY a. Curious. EXOJJ1SITIVELY*, gks-kvvfz'-e-uV-le. ad. Curi- ously ; minutely. Sidney. To EXSCI'ND*, eks-slnd'. v. a. [exscindo, Lat.] To cut off. Johnson. To EXSCRPBE §*,eks-skribe'. v. a. [exscribo.LzC To copy ; to write out. B. Jonson E'XSCRlPT, ek'-skrlpt. n s. [exsenptum, Lat.] A copy. EXSI'CCANT, Sk-snV-kant. a. Drying; having the power to dry up. Wiseman. To EXSPCCATE $. ek-sik'-kate. [See Exiccate.] v.a. [exsicco, Lat.] To dry. Brown EXSICCA'TION, ek-slk-ka'-shun. n. i The act of a. Having the drying. Brown. EXSFCCATIVE, ek-sik'-ka-ttv power of drying. Cotgrave. EXSPUI TION, ei-spu-Jsh'-fin. n. s. [expuo, Lat.] A discharge of saliva by spitting. Quincu. EXSU'CTION, ek-suk'-shim. n.s. [exi'igo, Lat. The act of sucking out. Boyle. EXSUDATION, ek-su-da'-sh&n. n. s. [exudo, Lat.] A sweating out; an extillation. Derham. EXSUFFLA'TION$, Sk-sfif-fla'-shnn. n. s. [ex and sujjlo, Lat,] A blast working underneath. Bacon. AJkind of exorcism. Fvlke. EXSU'FFLICATE*. See Exstjffolate. EXSU'FFOLATE, ek-^P-f6-late. a. [exsufflare, low Lat.] Contemptible ; despicable. Shakspeare. To EXSLPSCITATE $. e'k-sQs'-se-tate. v a. [exsus- cito, Lat.] To rouse up ; to stir up. Did. EXSUSCITA'TION*, ek-siW-ta'-shun. n.s. A stirring up ; an awakening. Hallywe/l. E'XTANCE*, eV-slanse. n. s. Outward existence. Brown. E'XTANCY, ek'-stan-se. n.s. The state ot rising above the rest. Parts rising up above the rest Boyle. 363 EXT EXT XT 559.— Fate, fir, fill, fat ;— me, mk ;— pine, pm ;— E'XTANT$, ek'-stant. a. [extans, Lat.] Standing out to view ; standing above the rest. Ray. Pub- lick ; not suppressed. B. Jonson. EXTA'TICAL. ek-stat'-e-kal. ; a. [« 544. W. To FA'BRICK, (ab'-rlk. v. a. To build ; to form j to construct. Milton. FA'BRILE*, fab'-ril. a. [fabrilis, Lat.] Of stone or timber ; belonging to the craft of a smith, mason, or carpenter. Cotgrave. FA'BULIST, fab'-u-llst. n. s. [fabuliste, Fr.] A writer of fables. B. Jonson. FABULOSITY, fab-u-l6s'-e-te. n.s. Fulness of feigned stories. Abbot. FA'BULOUS, fab'-u-lfis. a. Feigned; full of fables, invented tales. Addison. FA'BULOUSLY, fab'-u-lus-le. ad. In fiction. Bur- ton. FA'BULOUSNESS*, fab'-u-hVnes. n.s. Invention of fables. .Stillingfeel. FA'BURDEN*, fab'-ur-den.n.s. [fauxhourdon, Fr ] [In musick.] Simple counterpoint. Bale. FACA'DE*, fa-sad', or fa-sade'. n.s. [Fr.] Front. Warton. FACE $, fase. n. s. [face, Fr. from fades, Lat.] The visage. Exod. ixxiv. Countenance ; cast of the features. Dryden. The surface of any thing. Gen. ii. The front or forepart of any thing. Ezelc. xli. Visible state of affairs. Milton. Appearance; resemblance. B. Jonson. Presence; sight Numb. xix. Confidence ; boldness. Shak. Distortion of the face. Sliakspeare. FACE to Face. [An adverbial expression.] When both parties are present. Acts, xxv. Nakedly; without the interposition of other bodies. 1 CV.xiii. To FACE, fase. v. n. To carry a false appearance. Spenser. To turn the face; to come in front. Dryden. \ To FACE, fase. v. a. To meet in front; to oppose with confidence and firmness. Dryden. To oppose with impudence. Shak. To stand opposite to. Addison. To cover with an additional superficies. Addison. To turn up a garment with facings of a different colour. Shakspeare. FA'CECLOTH*. tiue'-mth. n.s. A linen cloth placed over the face of a dead person. Brand. 1 367 FAC FAI O 3 f »59.— Fate, far, fall, fat J— me, m& 5— pine, pin ;- FA'CED*,faste. a. Denoting tiie sort of countenance : as, plump-faced. Sjienser. FA'CELESS, fase'-lSs. a. Being without a face. Bailey. FACE PA/INTER, fase'-pane-tur. n.s. A drawer of portraits. FACEPA'INTING, fase'-pane-ting. n. si The art of drawing portraits. Dryden. FA'CET, fas'-it. n. s. [Jacette, Fr.] A small surface ; a superficies cut into several angles. Bacon. FACETE $*, fa-sete'. a. [facetus, Lat.] Gay ; cheer- ful ; witty. Buiion. FACETELY*, fa-sete'-le. ad. Wittily 5 merrily. Burton. FACE TENESS*, fa-sete'-n&s. n.s. Wit; pleasant representation. Hales. FACETIOUS $, fa-se'-sh&s. 292. a. [facetieux, Fr.] Gay; cheerful; lively; witty. Government of the Tongue. FACETIOUSLY, fa-se'-shus-le. ad. Gayly; cheer- fully; wiltilv; merrily. FACETIOUSNESS, fa-se'-shus-nes. n. s. Cheer- ful wit ; mirth ; gayety. Barrow. FA'CILE$, fas'-sn. 140. a. [facilis, Lat.] Easy; not difficult; performable or attainable with little la- bour. Milton. Easily surmountable; easily con- querable. Milton. Easy of access, or converse ; not haughty; not supercilious; not austere. B. Jonson. Pliant; flexible; easily persuaded. Mil- ton. FACILELY* fas'-sil-le. ad. Easily. Ld. Herbert. FA'CILENESS*, faV-sil-n c s. n. s. Easiness to be persuaded. Beaumont. To FACILITATE, fa-sil'-e-tate. v. a. [faciliter, Fr.] To make easy; to free from difficulty. Bacon. FACILITATION* fa-sll-e-ta'-shfin. n. s. Making easy ; freeing from impediments. Johnson. FACI LITY, fa-sll'-e-te. n. s. Easiness to be per- formed ; freedom from difficulty. Sidney. Readi- ness in performing ; dexterity. Dryden. Vicious ductility; easiness to be persuaded; ready com- pliance. Bacon. Easiness of access; affability. South. FACINE'RIOUS. See Facinorous. FA'CING, fa/-slng. n.s. An ornamental covering. Wotlan. Simply, a covering. Warlon. FACFNOROUS $, fa-sln'-i-rus. [See Sonorous.] a. [f acinus, facinorus, Lat.] Wicked ; atrocious ; detestably bad. Shakspeare. FACI'NOROUSNESS^a-sin'-i-rus-nSs. n.s. Wick- edness in a high degree. FACSFMILE*, fak-sW-e-le. n. s. [Lat.] An exact copy. Pownall. FACT, fakt. n. s. [factum, Lat.] A thing done; an effect produced. Hooker. Reality ; not supposition. Sma/ridge. Action; deed. Dryden. FACTION §, fak'-shun. n. s.. [f actio, Lat.] A party in a state. Shakspeare. Tumult; discord; dis- sension. 1 Cor. iii. FACTION ARY. fak'-shfln-ar-e. n.s. A party man. Shakspeare. FA'CTIONER*, fak'-shfin-ur. n. s. One of a fac- tion. Bishop Bancroft. FA'CTIONIST*, fak'-shun-fst. n.s. One who pro- motes faction or discord. Mounfagu. FACTIOUS, fak'-shfis. 292. a.[factieux, Fr.] Giv- en to faction ; loud and violent in a party ; publick- ly dissensious. Sliak. Proceeding from publick dissensions. Milton.. FACTIOUSLY, fak'-sh&s-le. ad. In a manner crim- inally dissensious or tumultuous. King diaries, FA'CTIOUSNESS, fak'-shus-n&s. n.s. Inclination to publick dissension. Puller. FACTITIOUS, fak-tish'-fis. a. [factilius, Lat.] Made by art, in opposition to what is made by na- ture. Boyle. FA'CTIVE*, f ak'-tTv. a. Having the power to make. Bacon. FACTOR*, fak'-tur. 166. n.s. {/actor, Lat.] An agent for another; one who transacts business for another. Shakspeare. [In arithmetick.] The mul- tiolicator and multiplicand. Harris. FACTORAGE*, fak'-t6r-aje. n.s. Commission for agency in purchasing goods. FACTORSHIP*, fak'-tur-shlp. n.s. A factory. Sfierwood. FA'CTORY, fak'-t&r-e. 557. n. s. A house or ois- trict inhabited by traders in a distant country. The traders imbodied in one place. A place where any thing is made. Brown. FACTOTUM, f ak-kV-tum. n. s. [fac totvm, Lat.] A servant employed alike in all kinds of business. B. Jonson. FA'CTURE,fk\i'-\shiiTeA^.n.s. [Fr.] The act or manner of making any thing. Bacon. FA'CULTY, fak'-fil-te. n.s. [facultas, Lat.] The power of doing any thing; ability. Hooker. Pow- ers of the mind, imagination, reason, memory. Milton. Mechanical power. Wilkins. [In physick.] A power or ability to perform any action, natural, vital, and animal. Quirtcy. A knack; habitual excellence; dexterity. Clarendon. Quality per- sonal ; disposition or habit of good or ill. Shale Natural virtue ; efficacy. Milton. Power; authori- ty. Sliak. Privilege; right to do any thing. Hooker. Faculty, in a university, denotes the masters and professors of the several sciences. FACU'ND $, f ak'-find. 544. a. [facundus, Lat.] Elo- quent. Chaucer. $Cf Dr. Johnson has placed the accent on the last sylla • ble both of this word and jocund ; in which he is con- sistent, but contrary both to custom and to English analogy. Mr. Sheridan places the accent on the first syllable of jocund, and on the last of this word. The reasons are the same for accenting both ; they both come from the Latin facundus and jocundus ; and there is scarcely a more invariable rule in onr language, than that of removing the accent higher when we adopt a word from the Latin, and abridge it of its latter sylla- bles. — See Academy. W. FACU'NDITY*, fa-kun'-de-te. Eloquence. Cocke- ram. To FA'DDLE, fad'-dl. 405. v. n. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. FADE*, fade. a. Weak; slight ; faint. Bp. Berkeley. To FADE §, fade. 75. v. n. [vado, Lat.] To disap- pear instantaneously. Spenser. To tend from greater to less vigour; to grow weak ; to languish. South. To tend from a brighter to a weaker col- our. Boyle. To wither as a vegetable. Isaiah, i. To die away gradually ; to vanish. Locke. To be naturally not durable ; to be transient. Isaiah, xxviii. To FADE, fade. v. a. To wear away ; to reduce to languor; to deprive of vigour. Shakspeare. To FADGE, fadje. v.n. feejre^an, Sax.] To suit; to fit ; to have one part co«sistent with another. Shak. To agree ; to live in amity. Milton. To succeed ; to hit. Milton. FA'DING*, fa/-dfng. n. s. Decay ; weakness. Slier - wood. FAD1NGNESS*, fa'-d?ng-nes. n. s. Decay ; prone- ness to fade. W. Mountagu. FA'DY*, fa/-de. a. Wearing away. Shenstone. F^E'CAL*, fe'-kal. a. Denoting excrements. FJFJCES, fe'-sez. 99. n. s. [Lat.] Excrements ; set tlings after distillation and infusion. Quincy. To FA'FFLE*, faf-fl. v. n. To stammer. Barret. To FAG $, fag. v. n. [fatigo,Lai.] To grow weary ; to faint with weariness. Mackenzie. To FAG*, fag. v. a. To beat. FAG*, fag. n.s. A slave; one who works hard. Brand. FAG $*, fag. n.s. A knot or excrescency in cloth. FAGE'ND, fag-end', n. s. [from fag and end.] The end of a web of cloth. The refuse or meaner pan of any thing. Howell. FA ; GOT§, fag'-fit. 88,166. n.s. [fagod, Welsh.] A bundle of sticks bound together for the fire. Fairfax. A bundle of sticks for any purpose. Ad- dison. A soldier numbered in the muster roll, but not really existing. Addison. To FAGOT, fag'-ut. v. a. To tie up ; to bundle to- gether. Dryden. To FAIL§, fale. 202. v. n. [faillir, Fr.] To be defi- cient : to cease from former plenty ; to fall short. 368 FAI FAL — n6, move, nor, not ;— u'ihe, tflb, boll 5 — 611 ;— pofind;— thin, THis. Job, xiv. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be no long- er produced. Psalm xii. To cease; to perish ; to be lost. Milton. To die; to lose life. Shak. To sink; to be borne down. Isaiah, lvii. To decay; to decline ; to languish. Milton. To miss ; not to produce its effect. Bacon. To miss ^ not to succeed in a design. Shak. To be deficient in duty. Milton. 7Y> FAIL, tale. v. a. To desert; not to continue to assist or supply; to disappoint. Sidney. Not to assist ; to neglect. Varies. To omit ; not to per- form. Dnjden. To be wanting to. 1 Kings, ii. To deceive ; to cheat. Spenser. FAIL, fale. n.s. Miscarriage; miss; unsuccessful - ness. Omission ; non-performance. Sluxk. Defi- cience ; want. Shale. Death ; extinction. Shak. FAILANCE*, fa'-lanse. n. s. Omission ; fault. Decay of Christian Piety. FAILING, fa/-llng. n.s. Decay. Deut. xxviii. De- ficiency; imperfection; lapse. Digby. FAILURE, fale'-yure. 113. n.s. [from/az7.] De- ficience ; cessation. Woodward. Omission ; non- performance ; slip. South. A lapse; a slight fault. FAIN$, lane. 202. a. [pacinian, Sax.] Glad; mer- ry ; cheerful ; fond. Spenser. Forced ; obliged ; compelled. Hooker. FAIN, fane. ad. Gladly; very desirously. Shak. To FAIN, fane. v. n. To wish ; to desire fondly. Spenser. To FAINT $,fant. 202. v.n. [pyni$ean, Sax.l To decay; to wear or waste away quickly. Pope. To lose the animal functions; to sink motionless and senseless. Judith. To grow feeble. Ecclus. xliii. To sink into dejection. Milton. To FAINT, fant. v. a. To deject ; to depress ; to en- feeble. Slm/cspeare. Little used. FAINT, fant. a. Languid ; weak ; feeble. Temple. Not bright ; not vivid ; not striking; Newton. Not loud ; not piercing. Boyle. Feeble of body. Ram- bler. Cowardly ; timorous. Dnjden. Dejected ; depressed. Heb. xii. Not vigorous ; not active. Daises, FAINTHEARTED, fant-hart'-ed. a. [faint and heart.'] Cowardlv ;' timorous. Isaiah, vii. FAINTHEARTEDLY, fant-hart'-ed-le. ad. Timo- rouslv. Sher^wood. FAINTHEARTEDNESS, fant-harl'-ed-nes. n. s. Cowardice ; timorousness. Arnway. FA ''INT IN G, fant'-lng. n. s. Deliquium ; temporary loss of animal motion. Wiseman. FA'INTISH* fanl'-lsh. a. Beginning to grow faint. FAINTISHNESS,fantMsh-nes. n.s. Weakness in a slight degree ; incipient debility. Arhuthnot. FA 1NTLING, fantM'ir.g. a. Timorous ; feeble-mind- ed. Arbidhnot. FAINTLY, fantMe. ad. Feebly ; languidly. Walsh. Not in bright colours. Pope. Without force of re- presentation. Waits. Without strength of body. Dnjden. Not vigorously; not actively. Sliak. Timorously ; with dejection. Spenser. FA'LNTNESS, fant'-nSs. n.s. Languor; feebleness; want of strength. Esdr.xv. Inactivity; want of vigour. Spenser. Timorousness; dejection. Levit. xxvi. FATNTY, fant'-e. a. Weak ; feeble ; languid ; de- bilitated. Dryden. FAIR $, fare. 202. a. [pae^ep, Sax.] Beautiful ; ele- gant of feature ; handsome. Spenser. Not black ; not brown ; white ir the complexion. Shak. Pleas- ing to the eye. Sidney. Clear ; pure. Bacon. Not cloudy ; not foul ; not tempestuous. Sliak. Fa- vourable; prosperous. Prior. Likely to succeed. Sliak. Equal ; just. Clarendon. Not affected by any insidious or unlawful methods ; not foul. Temple. Not practising any fraudulent or insidi- ous arts. Pope. Open ; direct. Dryden. Gentle ; mild; not compulsory. Spenser. Mild; not severe. Milton. Pleasing; civil. Sfiak. Equitable; not injurious. Milton. Commodious ; easy. Shak. Liberal ; not narrow. Careiv. FAIR, fare. ad. Gently ; decently ; without violence. Locke. Civilly; complaisantly. Dryden. Happi- ly : successfully. Shak. On good terms. Collier. 47 FAIR, faro. n.s. A beauty ; elliptically, a fair wo- man. Dryden. Honesty ; just dealing. Arbutlinot. Fairness, applied to things. Marston. Fairness, applied to persons. Shakspeare. FA III $, fare. n. s. [fere, old Fr.] An annual or stated mooting of buyers and sellers. Ezek. xxvii. FAIRING, fare'-lng. n.s. A present given at a fair. Shakspeare. FAIRISH*, fare'-ish. a. Reasonably fair. Colgrave. FAIRLY, fare'-le. ad. Beautifully ; commodiously ; conveniently. Micah, i. Honestly ; justly ; with- out shift. Bacon. Ingenuously ; plainly ; openly. Pope. Candidly; without sinistrous interpreta- tions. Dryden. Without violence to right reason. Dnjden. Without blots. Shak. Completely ; without any deficience. Spenser. Softlv ; gently. Milton. FAIRNESS, fare'-nes. n.s. Beauty; elegance of form. Sidney. Honesty ; candour ; ingenuity. Atterb/tnj. Clearness; not foulness. Barret. FAIRSPO'KEN, fare'-spo-kn. 103. a. Bland and civil in language and address. Hooker. FAIRY §, fa'-re. n. s. [faerie, old Fr.] A kind of fabled beings supposed to appear in meadows, and reward cleanliness in houses; an elf; a fay. Shak. Enchantress. Slmkspeare. FAIRY, fa'-re. a. Given by fairies. Dryden. Be- longing to fairies. Shakspeare. FAIRYLIKE* fa'-re-llke. a. Imitating the practice of fairies. Shakspeare. FAIRYSTONE, ia'-re-st6ne. n.s. A stone found in gravel pits. FAISIBLE*. See Feasible. FAITHS, fkth. n.s. [paB5o\ Sax.] Belief of the re- vealed truths of religion. Hooker. The system of revealed truths held by the Christian church. Acts, xxiv. Trust in God. Swift. Tenet held. Shak. Trust in the honesty or veracity of another. Fi- delity; unshaken adherence. Milton. Honour; social confidence. Dryden. Sincerity; honesty; veracity. Shak. Promise given. Shakspeare. FAITH*, fkth. ad. A colloquial expression, meaning in truth, verily, on my faith. Beaumont and Fletcher. FATTHBREACH, fatfi'-bretsh. n.s. Breach of fi- delity ; disloyalty ; perfidy. Shakspeare. FA'ITHED, fa^'-ed. a. Honest ; sincere. Shak. FAITHFUL, fk/i'-f&l. a. Firm in adherence to the truth of religion. Eph. i. Of true fidelity; loyal: true to the allegiance or duty professed. Milton. Honest; upright; without fraud. Numb. xii. Ob- servant cf" compact or promise. Dnjden. True : worth v of belief. 2 Timothy. FAITHFULLY, fa^'-ful-le. ad. With firm belief in religion. 2 Chron.. xix. With full confidence in God. Jerem. xxiii. With strict adherence to duty. Sliak. Without failure of performance. Dnjden. Sincerely; with strong promises. Bacon. Honest- ly; without fraud. South. Confidently; steadily. Shakspeare. FAITHFULNESS, M'-ful-nes. n.s. Honesty; veracity. Psalm v. Adherence to duty ; loyalty. Dryden. FAITHLESS, faM'-les. a. Without belief in the re- vealed truths of religion; unconverted. Hooker. Perfidious ; disloyal ; not true to duty. Shakspeare. FAITHLESSNESS, fa/ft'-les-nes. n.s. Treachery perfidy. Donne. Unbelief as to revealed religion FAITOUR, la'-toftr. n. s. [faitour, Norm. Fr.] A scoundrel ; a rascal ; a mean fellow. Spenser. Ob. J. FAKE, fake. n.s. A coil of rope. Harris. FAKIR*. See Faquir. FALCADE, fal-kade'. 84. n. s. [falx, folds, Lat.] A horse is said to make falcades when he throws himself upon his haunches two or three times, as in very quick curvets. Fanier's Diet. FALCATED §, fal'-ka-ted. 84. a. [falcatus, Lat.] Hooked ; bent like a reaping hook. Han-is. FALCATION, fal-ka'-shun. 84. n.s. Crookedness; form like that of a reaper's hook. Brown. FA'LCHION, fal'-shun. 84. ft. s. [fauchon, Fr.] A short, crooked sword ; a cimeter. Shalcspeare. 369 FAL FAL [CT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, m£t ;— pine, pin ;— FA'LCONS, faw'-kn. 84, 170. [f all'-kn, Perry .1 1 ». s. [faulcon, Fr.] A hawk trained for sport. Sia- > ney. A sort of cannon. Harris. FALCONER, faw'-kn-fir. 98. n.s. [faulconnier,\ Fr.] One who breeds and trains hawks. Shak. FALCONET, fal'-ko-neL n. s. [falconette, Fr.] A sort of ordnance. Knolles. FALCONRY*, faw'-kn-re. n. s. The art of breed- ing and training - hawks. Sir T. Brown. FA'LDAGE §, faK-d'idje. n. s. [faldagium, barbarous Lat.] A privilege of setting up folds for sheep, in any fields within the manor. Harris. FA'LDFEE, fald'-fe. n. s. A composition paid an- ciently by tenants for the privilege of faldage. Did. FALDING, fal'-dlng. n. s. [pealb, Sax.] A kind of coarse cloth. Chancer. FALDSTOOL, fald'-stool. n. s. [Jaudesteuil, c ' Fr.] A kind of stool placed at the south side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at their cor- onation ; the chair of a bishop, enclosed within the rails of the altar; an arm-chair ; a folding chair. Ashmole. To FALL §, fall. v. n. pret. I fell, compound pret. I have fallen, or fain, [peallan, Sax.] To drop from a higher place. Dent. To drop from an erect to a prone posture. 1 Sam. xxviii. To drop; to be held no longer. Acts, xii. To move down any de- scent. Burnet. To drop ripe from the tree. Isaiah, xxxiv. To pass at the outlet : as a river. Arbuth- not. To be determined to some particular direc- tion. Clieyne. To apostatize; to depart from faith or goodness. Heh. iv. To die by violence. Psalm xci. To come to a sudden end. Davies. To be degraded from a high station. Sliak. To decline from power or empire. Addison. To enter in'.o any state worse than the former. Bacon. To come into any state of weakness, terrour, or misery. Hammond. To decrease ; to be diminished. Ar- buthnot. To decrease ; to shrink ; to fall away. Sliak. To ebb ; to grow shallow. To decrease in value ; to bear less price. Locke. To siiik ; not to amount to the full. Bacon. To be rejected ; to become null. Locke. To decline from violence to calmness. Sliak. To enter into any new state of the body or mind. Shak. To sink into an air of discontent or dejection of the look. Judith. To sink below something in comparison. Waller. To hap- pen ; to befall. Hooker. To come by chance ; to light on. Shak. To come in a staled method, Holder. To come unexpectedly. Boyle. To be- gin any thing with ardour and vehemence. Sidney. To handle or treat directly. Addison. To come vindictively. 1 Chron. To come by any mis chance to any new possessor. Knolles. To drop or pass by carelessness or imprudence. Pope. To come forcibly and irresistibly. Acts, xix. To become the property of any one by lot, chance, or other- wise. Spenser. To languish; to grow faint. Ad- dison. To be born; to be yeaned. Mortimer. — To fall aboard. To begin eagerly to eat. Parrot. To fall away. To grow lean. Arhuthnot. To revolt ; to change allegiance. 2 Kings. To apos- tatize. St. Luke. To perish ; to be~lost. Dryden. j To decline gradually; to fade; to languish. Ad- dison. To fall back. To fail of a promise or purpose. Bp. Taylor. To recede ; to give way. To fall down. To prostrate himself in adora- tion. Psalm lxxii. To sink ; not to stand. Esth. xv. j To bend as a suppliant. Is. xlv. To fall from. | To revolt ; to depart from adherence. Shak. To \ fall in. To concur; to coincide. Woodward. \ To comply ; to yield to. Spectator. A military j term. To form in ranks. To fall into. To vield ' to. AUerbury. To fall off. To separate ; to be j broken. Sliak. To perish ; to die away. Felion. j To apostatize ; to revolt. Shak. To fall on. To ! begin eagerly to do any thing. Dryden. To make an assault. Shak. To fall over. To revolt ; to desert from one side to the other. Shak. To fall j out. To quarrel; to jar. Sidney. To happen;! to befall. Sidney. To fall to. To begin eagerly I to eat. Dryden. To apply himself to. Sidney To submit himself to; to go over to. Jerem. xxi. To fall under. To be subject to. Bacon. To be ranged with. Addison. To fall upon. To attack ; to invade. Knolles. To attempt. Holder. To rush against. Addison. To FALL, fall. v. a. To drop; to let fall. Shak. To sink ; to depress. Bacon. To diminish ; to let sink. Locke. To yean ; to bring forth. Shakspeare. FALL, fall. n. s. The act of dropping from en high. Dryden. The act of tumbling from an erect pos- ture. Shak. The violence suffered in dropping from on high. Bacon. Death; overthrow; de- struction incurred. Shak. Ruin ; dissolution. Den- ham. Downfal; loss of greatness; declension from eminence ; degradation. Sidney. Declension of greatness, power, or dominion. Hooker. Diminu- tion ; decrease of value. Child. Declination or diminution of sound ; cadence ; close of musick. Shak. Declivity ; steep descent. Bacon. Cata- ract ; cascade. Shak. The outlet of a current into any other water. Addison. Autumn ; the fall of the leaf. Dryden. Any thing that comes down in great quantities. L' Estrange. The act of felling or cutting down. A part of the female dress, in former times; a kind of veil. B. Jonson. FALLACIOUS §, fal-kV-shus. 314. a. [fallacious, LatJ Froducing mistake ; sophistical. South. De- ceitful ; mocking expectation. Milton. FALLA/CIOUSLY, fal-la'-sh&s-le. ad. Sophistical- ly ; with purpose 10 deceive. Brown. FALLACIOUSNESS, fal-la'-shus-nes. n. s. Ten- dency to deceive ; inconclusiveness. FA'LL ACY, falMa-se. n. s. [fallacia, Lat.l Sophism ; logical artifice ; deceitful argument. Simiey. FA'LLAX*, falMaks. n. s. [Lat.] Cavillation. Abp. Cranmer. FA'LLENCY*, f al'-len-se. n. s. [fallens, Lat.] Mis- take; errour. Hayward. FA'LLER*, fall'-ur. n. s. One who falls. FALLIBILITY, fal-le-bil'-e-te. n. s. Liableness to be deceived ; uncertainty. Watts. FA'LLIBLES, faF-le-bl. 405. a. [fallo, Lat.] Lia- ble to errour ; such as may be deceived. Bp. Tay- lor. FA'LLIBLY*, falMe-ble. ad. In a fallible manner. Huloet. FA'LLING, fV/-lmg v )n. s. Indenting, op- FA'LLING in, fal'-llng-ln. ) posed to prominence. Addison. That which falls. Dryden. FA'LLING away*, n. s. Defection; apostasy. 2 Thess. FA'LLING down*, n. s. Prostration. 2 Mace. FA'LLING off*, n.s. Declension from virtue to vice. Shakspeare. FALLINGSICKNESS, f al-ling-snV-ngs. n. s. The Walton. FALLOTTAN*, fal-W-pe-an. a. Belonging to two ducts, arising from the womb, usually called tubes. FA'LLOW§, fal'-l6. a. (palepe, Sax.] Pale red, or pale yellow. Shak. Unsowed ; left to rest after the years of tillage. Hayward. Ploughed, but not sowed. Hoivell. Unploughed ; uncultivated. Shak. Unoccupied ; neglected. Hudibras. FA'LLOW, falMo. 327. n. s. Ground ploughed in or- der to be ploughed again. Mortimer. Ground lying at rest. Kowe. To FA'LLOW, faF-16. «. n. To plough, in order to a second ploughing. To fade; to grow yellow. Old Norman- Saxon Poem. FALLOW-FINCH*, fal'-l6-f!nsh.n.s. The oenanthe or wheat-ear. FALLOWING*, f al'-lo-lng. n. s. The act of plough- ing, in order to a second ploughing. Mortimer. FA'LLOWNESS, fal'-l6-nes. n. s. Barrenness ; an exemption from bearing fruit. Donne. FA'LSARY*, fal'-sa-re. n. s. A falsifier of evidence. Sheldon. FALSER, false, a. [falsus, Lat.l Not morally true ; expressing that which is not thought. Shak Not physically true ; conceiving that which ooes not exist. Davies. Succedaneous ; supposititious. Ba- 370 FAM FAN — 116, m&ve, nor, n6t ;— tihbc, tflb, b&ll ;— 6ll ;— poftnd 5 — ffein, THis. r To FAULT, fait. v. a. To charge with a fault ; to accuse. Bp. Hall. FA'ULTER, falt'-Qr. h. s. An offender ; one who commits a fault. Fairfax. To FA'ULTER*. See To Falter. FA'ULTFINDER, falt'-flnd-ur. n.s. A censurer, an objector. Sidney. FA'ULTFUL*, falt'-fal. a. Full of crime. Shak. FAULTILY, fal'-te-le. ad. Not rightly ; improper- ly ; defectively ; erroneously. Abp. Cranmer. FA'ULTINESS, fal'-te-nes. n. s. Badness ; vitious- ness. Sidney. Delinquency ; actual offences Hooker. Imperfection ; defect. Edwards. FA'ULTLESS, falt'-les. a. Exempt from fault; per- fect. Fairfax.. FA'ULTLESSNESS*, falt'-les-nSs. ft. s. The state of being perfect. I FA'ULTY, fal'-te. a. [faultif, Fr.] Guilty of a fault ; blamable ; criminal ; not innocent. 2 Sam. xiv. Wrong ; erroneous. Hooker. Defective ; bad in any respect. Bacon. FAUN §* fawn. n. s. [Faunus, Lat.] A sort of infe- riour heathen deity, pretended to inhabit the woods. Milton. FA'UNIST*, f awn'-lst. n. s. One who attends tc rural disquisitions ; a naturalist. Wliite. FA'USEN, faw'-sn. n. s. A sort of large eel. Chap- man. FA'USSEBRAYEjfaws'-bra.ft..?. A small mount of earth, four fathoms wide, erected on the level round the foot of the rampart. Harris. FATJTORS, faw'-tor. 166. n. s. [Lat.] Favourer; countenancer. B. Jimson. FA'UTRESS, faw'-tres. n.s. [fantrix, Lat.] A wo- man that favours, or shows countenance. Chap- man. FAVI'LLOUS, fa-vfl'-l&s. a. [favilla, Lat.] Consist- ing of ashes. Brown. FA'VEL*. n. s. [favele, FrJ[ Deceit. Old Moralitij of Hyeke-Scorner. Ob. T. FA'VEL* a. [fauveau, Fr.] Yellow; fallow; dun. Ob. T. To FA'VOUR$, fa'-v&r. r. a. \_faveo, Lat.] To sup- port ; to regard with kindness ; to countenance. Spenser. To assist with advantages or convenien- ces. Addison.. To resemble in feature. Spectator. To resemble in any respect. Shak. To conduce to ; to contribute. FA'VOUR, fa'-v&r. 314. n. s. [favor, Lat.] Kind- ness ; kind regard. Shak. Support; defence vindication. Rogers. Kindness granted. Sidney. 375 FEA FEA ID" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me, mre. n. s. A gooseberry. Diet. To FEAGUE, feeg. 337. v. a. [fegen, Germ.] To whip; to chastise; to beat. Duke of Buckingham. FEAL $*, fe'-al. a. [fed, Fr.] Faithful. Chambers. Ob. T. FEALTY, fe'-al-te. n.s. [fealty, old Fr. ; feaulteA Fr.] Duty due to a superiour lord ; fidelity to a I master; loyalty. Sitakspeare. 95= Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, W. ' Johnston, and, if we may judge by the position of the ' accent, Entick, make only two syllables of this word ; Mr. Perry, Mr. Nares, and, by the position of the ac- cent, Dr. Ash, three. I do not hesitate a moment to pronounce the .ast division the best ; not only as it is immediately derived from a French word of three sylla- bles, feaviti, but as this is generally its quantity in Milton and Shakspeare : " I am in parliament pledge for his truth, " And lasting fealty to the new-made king." Shakspeare. ,f - Let my sovereign u Command my eldest son, nay, all my sons, " As pledges of my fealty and love." — Shakspeare. " — - Man, disobeying, " Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins " Against the high supremacy of heaven." — Mitton. " Each bird and beast behold u After their kinds : I bring them to receive " From thee their names, and pay thee fealty " With low subjection."— Milton. " Whether his first design be to withdraw " Our fealty to God, or to disturb " Conjugal love."— Milton. In these quotations from Johnson we see the first on.'y makes fealty two syllables; and even here it may be presumed there is a poetical license exactly like that which Young uses in the word really .• " Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old." W. FEAR§, fere. 227. n.s. [faurhtan, Goth.] Dread: terrour; painful apprehension of danger. Locke. Awe ; dejection of mind at the presence of any person or thing. Anxiety ; solicitude. 2 Mace. xv. That which causes fear. Spenser. The object of fear. Gen. xxxi. Something hung up to scare deer. Isaiah, xxiv. FEAR, fere. n. s. [poepa, Sax.] A companion. Spenser. Oh. J. The true word is Fere, which see. To FEAR, fere. v. a. To dread ; to consider with apprehensions of terrour; to be afraid of. Shak. To fright ; to make afraid. Bp. Fisher. To rev- erence. Psalm exxx. To FEAR, fere. v. n. To live in terrour ; to be afraid. Shakspeare. To be anxious. Dryden. FEARFUL, fere'-ffil, or feV-ffil. 230. [See Fierce.] a. Timorous; easily made afraid. Isaiah, xxxv. Afraid. Davies. Awful ; to be rev- erenced. Exodus, xv. Terrible ; dreadful ; fright- ful. Hooker. FEARFULLY, fere'-f fil-le, or f6r'-ful-le. ad. Tim- orously; in fear. Shak. Terribly; dreadfully. Shak. In a manner to be reverenced. Psalm c\xxix FE ARFULNESS, fere'-ful-nSs, or f eV-f fil-nes. n. s. Timorousness ; habitual timidity. State of being afraid ; awe ; dread. Hooker. FEARLESS, fere'-les. a. Free from fear ; intrepid ; courageous ; bold ; unfeared. Spenser. FEARLESSLY, fere'-lgs-le. ad. Without terrour ; intrepidly. Decay of Piety. FEARLESSNESS, fere'-les-nes. n.s. Exemption from fear ; intrepidity. Clarendon. FEASIBILITY, fe-ze-bfl'-e-te. n. s. Practicability A thing practicable. Brown. FEASIBLE*, fe'-ze-bl. 227. n.s. Whatever is prac- ticable. Glanville. FEASIBLE §, fe'-ze-bl. a. [faisible, Fr] Practica- ble ; that may be effected. South. FEASIBLENESS*, fe'-ze-bl-nSs. n s. Practicabil- ity. Bp. Hall. FEASIBLY, le'-ze-ble. ad. Practicably. FEAST $, feest. 227. n.s. [festum, Lat.] An enter- tainment of the table ; a sumptuous treat of great numbers. Gen. xl. An anniversary day of rejoic- ing. Shakspeare. Something delicious to the palate. Locke. To FEAST, feest. Shak- n. To eat sumptuously. speare. To FEAST, feest. v. a. To entertain sumptuously. Hay ward. To delight; to pamper. Dryden. FEASTER, feest'-fir. «. 5. One that fares delicious- Jy. Bp. Taylor. One that entertains magnificen - ly. Huloet FEASTFUL, feest' -ffil. a. Festive ; joyful. Bale. Luxurious ; riotous. Pope. FEASTING*, feest'-fng. n. s. An entertainment; a treat. Wisdom, xix. FEA'STRITE, feest'-rlte. n. s. Custom observed in entertainments. Phillips. FEAT§, fete. 227. n.s. [feat, Norm. Fr.] Act; deed ; action ; exploit. Spenser. A trick ; an art- ful or ludicrous performance. Bacon. FEAT, fete. a. [fatt, Su. Goth.] Ready ; skilful ; in- genious. Shak. Nice; neat. Shak. It is now only used in irony and contempt. Stilling feet. To FEAT*, fete. v. a. To form ; to fashion. Shak. FEATEOUS, fe'-te-fis, or fe'-tshe-fis. 263. a. Neat j dexterous. Ob. J. FEATEOUSLY, fe'-te-fis-le. ad. Neatly; dexter- ously. Spenser. Ob. J. 376 FEC FEE •n&j.m&ve, ndr, nflt;— tube. tob. bill ;— prnser. One who gives posses n. s. The act of grant- FE'OFFER, fu- sion of any thing. Huloet. FEOFFMENT, fef-ment. ing possession. Cowel. FERA'C10US§*, fe-ra'-shus. a. [ferax. Lat.] Fer- tile; fruitful. FERA'CITY, fe-ras'-e-te. n.s. Fruitfulness ; fertili- ty. Diet. FF/RAL,fe'-ral. a. [feralis, Lat.] Funereal; dead- ly. Burton. FERE*, fere. n.s. [pepa, Sax.] A companion , a mate; an equal. Chaucer. FE'RETORY*, ftV-e-tiir-e. n.s. [feretrum, Lat.] A place in churches where the bier is set. Keepe. FE'RlAL$* f fe'-r£-al. a. [ferialis, Lat.] Respecting the common days of the week; sometimes, holy Idavs. Gregoru. FERIA'TlON.'fe-re-a'-shun. 534. n.s. The act of keeping holyday. Brown. FER FET [LT559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— mi, m£t;— pine, pin;— FE RIE*, fe'-re. n.s. Any day of the week not kept, holy. Dance of Machabree. FE'RINE$, fe'-rlne. 140. a. [ferinus, L at.] Wild; savage. Hale. FERI'NENESS, fe-rlne'-nes. n. s. Barbarity ; sav- ageness ; wildness. Hale. FERITY, fer'-e-te. n. s. Barbarity ; cruelty ; wild- ness; savageness. Pearson. To FERK*. See To Firk. FERM* ferm. n.s. [peonm, Sax.] Rent; farm. Chalmers. Lodging-house. Spenser. To FERME'NT $, fer-ment'. v. a. [fermento, Lat.] To exalt or rarefy by intestine motion of parts. Pope. To FERME'NT/ftlr-ment 7 . v.n. To have the parts put into intestine motion. Neile. FE'RMENT, fer'-ment. 492. n.s. That which causes intestine motion. Floyer. Intestine motion ; tumult. Rogers. FERMENTABLE, fer-ment'-a-bl. a. Capable of fermentation. FERME'NTAL, fer-ment'-al. a. Having the power to cause fermentation. Brown. FERMENT A'TION, fSr-men-ta'-shun. n.s. [fermen- talio, Lat.] A slow motion of the intestine particles of a mixt body, arising usually from the operation of some active acid matter, which rarefies, exalts, and subtilizes the soft and sulphureous particles ; as when leaven or yest rarefies, lightens, and fer- ments bread or wort. Boyle. FERMENTATIVE, fer-men'-ta-tlv. a. Causing fer- mentation. Arbuthnot. FERME'NTATIVENESS*, fer-men'-ta-tlv-nSs. n.s. Capability of fermenting. Dr. Tyson. FE'RMILLET*, fer'-mll-let. n.s. [femwiillet, old Fr.] A buckle or clasp. FERNf. fern. n.s. [peapn, Sax.] A plant. Hill. FE'RNY, fern'-e. a. Overgrown with fern. Barret. FEROCIOUS §, fe-ro'-shfis. 357. a. [ferox, Lat./e- roce, Fr.] Savage ; fierce. Pope. Ravenous ; ra- pacious. Brown. FEROCIOUSLY*, fe-r6'-shus-le. ad. In a savage manner. FEROCIOUSNESS*, fe-ro'-shfis-nSs. n. s. Fierce- ness ; savageness. FEROCITY, fe-rSs'-e-te. n. s. Savageness ; wild- ness ; fierceness. Addison. FE'RREOUS, feV -re-fts. a. [ferreus, Lat.] Irony ; of iron. Brown. FF/RRET $, fiV-rit. 99. n. s. [ferret, Dutch.] A kind of rat with red eyes and a long snout, used to catch rabbits. Sidney. A kind of narrow woollen tape. To FE'RRET, fer'-rft. 99. v. a. To drive out of lurking places. Heylin. FERRETER, fiV-rft-ur. n.s. One that hunts an- other in his privacies. Sherwood. FE'RRIAGE, fer'-re-fdje. 90. n. s. [feriage, old Fr.] The fare paid at a ferry. Sherioood. FERRUGI'NEOUS^fer-ru-jm'-e-us. > a. [ferrugin- FERRUGINOUS, fer-nV-jm-us. ) eus, Lat.] Partaking of particles and qualities of iron. John- son. Ray. FE'RRULE, fer'-ril. n. s. [virole, or verrel, old Fr.] An iron ring put round any thing to keep it from cracking. Kay. To FE'RRY $, fer'-re. v. a. [pajian, Sax.] To carry over in a boat. Spenser. To FE'RRY, fer'-re. v. n. To pass over water in a vessel of carriage. FE'RRY, fer'-re. )n.s. A vessel of FE'RRY-BOAT, fiV-re-b6te. $ carriage. Shak. The passage over which the ferry-boat passes. Wyndham. FE'RRYMAN, fer'-re-man. 88. n. s. One who keeps a ferry ; one who, for hire, transports goods and passengers over the water. Shakspeare. FERTH or Forth. Common terminations, the same as in English, an army; coming from the Saxon word pyp8. Gibson. FE'RTILE §, fer'-tll. 140. a. [fertilis, Lat.] Fruit- ful; abundant; plenteous. Locke. FE'RTILENESS, feV-dl-nes. n. s. Fruitful ness ; fe- cundity. Sidney. To FERTFLITATE, fer-tll'-e-tate. v.a. To fecun- date ; to fertilize. Brown. Ob. J. FERTFL1TY, fer-til'-e-te. n.s. Fecundity ; aDun- dance ; fruitfulness. Raleigh. To FERT1LFZE, fer'-tll-llze. v.a. To make fruitful : to make productive. Boyle. FE'RTILY, fi¥-t?l-e. ad. Fruitfully; plenteously, abundantly. Slierwood. [Properly ferti lely Wi\ FERULA §, fer'-u-la. n.s. [ferule, Fr.] An instru- ment of correction, with which young scholars are beaten on the hand. Shaw FF/RULAR*, fer'-u-lar. 7i.s. The ferule, or instru- ment of correction. Hartlib. FE'RULE*, fer'-ule. n.s. The more proper word for ferula. Bp. Hall. 7bFE'RULE, fer'-'ile. v.a. To chastise with the ferula. FE'RVENCY§, fer'-ven-se. n. s. [fervens, Lat.] Heat of mind ; ardour ; eagerness. Shak. Pious ardour ; zeal. Hooker. FE'RVENT, fer'-vent. a. Hot; boiling. Wotton. Hot in temper; vehement. Hooker. Ardent in piety ; warm in zeal. Acts, xviii. Ardent in love. Beaumont and Fletcher. FE'RVENTLY, fer'-vent-le. ad. In a burning degree. Hakewill. Eagerly ; vehemently. Sir T. hlyot. With pious ardour. Col. iv. FE'RVENTNESS*, fer'-vent-nes. n.s. Ardour; zeal. Bale. FE'RVTDS, feV-v?d. a. [fervidus, Lat.] Hot; burn- ing ; boiling. Milton. Vehement ; eager ; zealous. FERVFDITY, fer-vid'-e-te. n. *. Heat ; zeal ; pas- sion; ardour. Diet. FE'RVIDNESS, feV-vfd-nes. n.s. Ardour of mind ; zeal ; passion. Bentley. FE'RVOUR.fer'-vur.SM. n.s. [fervor, Lat.] Heat ; warmthl Brown. Heat of mind ; zeal. Hooker. Ardour of piety. Addison. FE'SCENNINE*, fes'-sen-nlne. n.s. [from Fescemna, in Tuscany, where licentious and wanton verses were sung at weddings.] A licentious poem. Burton. FE'SCENNINE*, fes'-sen-nlne. a. Licentious; wan- ton. Kennel. FE'SCUE, fes'-ku. n. s. [festu, Fr.] A small wire by which those who teach to read point out the letters. Holder. FE'SELS, fes'-selz. n.s. [faziols, Fr.] A kind of base grain. May. FESSE, fes. «. s. The fesse is so called of the Latin word fascia, a band or girdle, possessing the third part of the escutcheon over the middle. Peacham. FE'STAL*, fes'-tal. a. [festal, old Fr.] Respecting feasts ; befitting a feast. Collins. To FE'STER, fes'-tur. v. n. To rankle ; to corrupt ; to grow virulent. Sidney. FE'STINATEi, fes'-te-nate. a. [festinatus, Lat.] Hasty ; hurried. Shakspeare. Ob. T. FE'STiNATELY^es'-te-nate-le.aft'. Hastily. Shak. FESTINA'TION, fes-te-na'-shun. n. s. Haste. Brown. FE'STIVAL §,feV-te-val. a. [festivus, Lat.] Pertain- ing to feasts ; joyous. Atterbury. FE'STIVAL, fes'-te-val. n.s. Time of feast ; anni- versary-day of civil or religious joy. Milton. FE'STIVE, fes'-t?v. 140. a. [festivus, Lat.] Joy- ous ; gay ; befitting a feast. Thomson. FESTF VITY, fes-tlv 7 -e-te. n. s. Festival ; time of rejoicing. Brown. Gayety ; joyfulness. Bp. Tay' lor. FESTO ON, fes-toSn'. n. s. [feston., Fr.] An orna- ment of carved work in the form of a wreath or garland of flowers, or leaves twisted together, thickest at the middle, and suspended by the two extremes, whence it hangs down perpendicular- ly. Harris. FE'STUCINE, fes'-tu-sfn. 140. a. [festuca, Lat.] Straw-colour, between green and yellow. Brown. FESTU'COUS, fes-ta'-kus. a. Formed of straw. Brown. To FET, fet. v. a. To fetch. Tusser. To come to : to arrive at. Sackvilk. FET, fit. n. s. [fait, Fr.] A piece. Drayton. Ob. J 3&, FEU FIC -nb, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tflb, ball ; — ftll ;— pound j — ;- ed; imaginary. Pope. Not real ; not true; alle- gorieal. Addison. FICTITIOUSLY, flk-tish'-fls-lkatf. Falsely ; coun- lerfeilly. B'-own. FICTFTlOUSNESS*, flk-t?sh'-fis-n&». n. s. Feign- ed representation. Johnson. FFCTIVE^.fik'-tiiv. a. Feigned; imaginary. Dray- ton. FID, fid. n. s. [fitta, Ital.] A pointed iron with which seamen untwist their cords. Skinner. FFDDLEy, fld'-dl. n.s. [piSel, Sax.] A stringed instrument of musick ; a violin. Slillingjleet. To FI'DDLE, fld'-dl. 405. v. n. To play upon a fid- dle. Bacon, To trifle; to shift the 'hands often, and do nothing. Arbuthnot. FFDDLEFADDLE, fkl'-dl-fad'-dl. n. s. A cant word ; trifies. Beaumont and Fletcher. FFDDLEFADDLE, fld'-dl-f ad'-dl. a. Trifling ; giv- ing- trouble about nothing. Arbuthnot. FFDDLER, f?d'-dl-ur. n. s. One that plays upon the fiddle. Bp. Taylor. FFDDLESTICK, ffd'-dl-stlk. n. s. The bow which a fiddler draws over the strings of a fiddle. Hudi- bras. FIDDLESTRING, fid'-dl-strmg. n.s. The string of a fiddle. Arbuthnot. FIDELITY, fe-del'-e-te. 126. n. s. [Jidelitas, Lat.] Honesty; veracity. Hooker. Faithful adherence. Clarke. To FIDGE §, fldje. ) v. n. [fika, Su. Goth.] To FIDGET y, fldj'-?t. 99. $ To move nimbly, and irregularly. Breton. FFDGET**, fidj'-ft. n. s. Restless agitation. Gray. FFDGETY*. fidj'-It-e. a. Restless; impatient. FIDUCIAL y, fe-diV-shal. 126, 357. a. [fiducia, Lat.] Confident ; undoubling: Bp. Hall. §Cf For the impropriety of pronouncing the second sylla- ble of* this and the two [three] following words, as if written /'oo, as Mr. Sheridan has marked them, see Principles, No. 376 and 47'2. W. FIDU'CIALLY*, fe-diV-shal-le. a. Undoubtingly ; confidently. South. FIDUCIARY, fe-diV-she-a-re. n. s. One who holds any thing in trust. One who depends on faith with- out works. Havimond. FIDUCIARY, fe-dtV-she-a-re. a. Confident ; steady; undoubling. Wake. Not. to be doubted. Howell. Held in trust. Sjjelman. FIE*, fi. inlerj. See Fv. A word of blame or indigf nation. FIEF y, feef. n. s. [Fr.] A fee ; a manor ; a possession held by some tenure of a superiour. Arbuthnot. FIELD), feeld. 275. n. s. [pelb, Sax.] Ground not inhabited, not b'lilt on. Gen. ii. Ground not en- closed. Mortimer. Cultivated tract of ground. Pope. The open country. Shak. Thegionndof battle. Locke. A battle ; a campaign ; the action of an army while it keeps the field. Shak. A wide expanse. Dryden. Space ; compass ; extent. Ad- dison. The ground or blank space on which figures are drawn. Dryden. [In heraldry.] The surface of a shield. Dryden. FFELDED, feel'-ded. a. Being in the field of battle. Shakspeare. FIELD-BASIL, feeld'-baz-il. n. s. [field and basil.] A plant. FIELD-BED, feeld'-bed. n. s. A bed contrived to be set up in the field. Shakspeare. FFEL DFARE, fel'-fare. 515. n. s. [pelb and papan, Sax.] A bird. Bacon. FFELDMARSHAL, feeld-mar'-shal. n. s. Com- mander of an army in a field; the officer of high- est military rank in England. FIELD-MOUSE, feeld'-mduse. n. s. A mouse that burrows in banks. Mortimer. FFELDOFFICER, feeld-6P-fe-sfir. n. s. An officer whose command in the field extends to a whole regiment; as, the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major. FI'ELDPIECE, feeld'-peese. n. s. Small cannon used in battles, but no' in sieges. Knolles. FIELD-PREACHER*, feeld'-pretsh'-fi-. n. One who preaches in a field or open place. Bp. Lav- i/igton. FIELD-PREACHING*, feeld'-pretsh'-lng. n. s. The act of pronouncing an harangue in a field or open place. Warburton. FFELDROOM*, feeld'-rOOm. n. s. Unobstructed room ; open space. Drayton. FI'ELDSPORTS*, feeld'-sp6rts. n. s. Diversions of shooting and hunting. Ld. Cliester field. FFELDY*, feeF-de. «. Open like a field. Wicliffe I FIENDS, feend. 275. n.s. [pienb, Sax.] An enemy , the great enemy of mankind ; the devil. Wiclijje. i Any infernal being. B. Jonson. FI'ENDFUL*, feend'-ful. a. Full of evil or devilish practices. Marlowe. FFENDLIKE*, leendMlke. a. Resembling a fiend ; extremely wicked. Warton. FIERCE y, feerse, or f£rse. [feerse, Perry and Jones ; ferse, Sheridan.'] a. [fier, Fr.] Savage; ravenous; easily enraged. Job, x. Vehement in rage ; eager of mischief. Pope. Violent; outrageous. Gen. xlix. Passionate ; angry ; furious. Locke. Strong ; forcible. James, iii. $gT" The first mode of pronouncing this word is the most general ; the second is heard chiefly on the stage. Ac- tors, who have such continual occasion to express the passions, feel a propriety in giving a short vowel sound to a word denoting a rapid and violent emotion; and therefore, though this pronunciation may be said to be grammatically improper, it is philosophically right. — See Cheerful. W. FFERCELY, feerseMe, or ferse'-le. ad. Violently; furiously. Bacon. FIERCEMFNDED*, feerse'-mmd-ed. a. Vehement in rage; eager of mischief. 2 Mace. vi. 18. Bp. Wilsons Bible. FFERCENESS^eerse'-n&.orferse'-nes. n.s. Fe- rocity ; savageness. Swift. Eagerness for blood ; fury. Sidney. Quickness to attack ; keenness in anger and resentment. Shak. Violence ; outrage- ous passion. Dryden. Vehemence ; hasty force. FIERIFA'CIAS, fi-e-re-fa'-sh&s. 88. n.s. [In law.] A judicial writ for him that has recovered in an action of debt or damages, to the sheriff*, to com- mand him to levy the debt, or the damages. Cowel. FFERINESS, fi'-er-e-nes. n.s. Hot qualities; heal; acrimony. Boyle. Heat of temper; intellectual ardour. Addison. FFERYy, fl'-er-e. a. [from fire.] Consisting of fire. Spenser. Hot like fire. Shak. Vehement ; ardent ; active. Shak. Passionate; outrageous; easily provoked. Taller. Unrestrained ; fierce. Shak. Heated by fire. Hooker. Glaring like fire. Sir T. Elyot. FIFES, fife. n. s. [fifire, Fr.] A pipe blown to the drum. Shakspeare. FFFER*, fl'-ffir. n. s. One who plays on the fife. FFFTEEN, fif -teen. a. [pypcyne, Sax.] Five and ten. Shaksjieare. FFFTEENTH, f)f-teen^. a. [pipteoSa, Sax.] The ordinal of fifteen; the fifth after the tenth. Bacon. FIFTH y, fifth, a. [pipfca, Sax.] The ordinal of five; the next to the fourth. Dryden. All the ordinals are taken elliptically for the part which they ex- press : a. fifth, a fifth part; a third, a third part. Swift. FIFTHLY, flft/i'-le. ud. In the fifth place. Bacon. FIFTIETH, flf-tc-M. 279. a. The ordinal of fifty. Newton. FFFTY, fiF-te. a. [pipfcitf , Sax.] Five tens. Locke, FIG y, fig. n.s. [ ficus, Lat.] A tree that bears figs. Pope. The fruit of the fig-tree. Bacon. — A fig for you. See Fico. To FIG, {i$. v. a. To insult with ficoes or contempt- uous motions of the fingers. Shak. To put some- thing useless into one's head. L 'Estrange. To FIG*, fig. v. n. [fika, Su. Goth.] To move sud- denly or quickly. Sylvester. FIGA'RY*, fe-ga/-re. n.s. [a corruption of vagary.] A frolick ; a wild project. M. Geddes. FIG FIL — 116, move, nor, not ;— n'.be. tub, bull ;— 61 1 ;— p6imd ;— thin, ru\ FIG APPLE, tig-ap-pl. 405. 71.5. A fruit. AW<- mer. FIG-GNAT. rV-nat. ». 5. An insect of tlie fly kind. To FIGHT}, lite. p. >i. preter. fought ; part. pass. iftfuglrt. [peohran. Sax.) T" contend in battle ; to war; to make war; to battle; to contend in arms. S'lak. To combat ; to duel ; to contend in single fight. 2 Esdr. xiii. To act as a soldier in any case. Shak. To contend. Sandys. To FIGHT; fite. v. a. To war against; to combat against. Dnjden. iT.flle. ?i.s. Battle. Milton. Combat 5 duel. Dnjden. Something lo screen the combatants in ships. Dnjden. FI'GHTER, fi'-i&r. n. s. Awarriour; a duellist. S'laksiwe. FI'GHTING, fi'-tlng. part. a. Qualified for war; fit for battle. 2 Chron. xxvi. Occupied by war. Pope. FFGHTlNG*, fi'-ling. n. s. Contention ; quarrel ; combat. 2 Cor. vii. FFGLEAF* fig'-leef. n.s. A leaf of the fig-tree; a flimsy covering. Ge7iesis, iii. Fl GMARIGOLD. flg'-mar-e-gild. n. s. A plant. Miller. IT GMENT, f?g'-ment. n. s. [fgmentum, Lat.] An invention ; a fiction ; the idea feigned. Brown. FI GPECKER, fig/-pek-&r. n. s. A bird. FI GTREE* ffg' -tre. n. s. The tree that bears figs. Psalm cv. FFGULATE, fig'-i-late. 91. a. [Jgiitus, Lat.] Made of potters' clay. ITGURABLE*, ffg'-u-ra-bl. a. [fguro, Lat.] Ca- pable of beinsr brought to a certain form, and re- tained in it. Thus lead is fgurable, but not water. Bacon. FIGURABFL1TY, fjg-u-ra-bil'-e-te. n. s. The qual- ity of being capable of a certain and stable form. FIGURAL; fig'-u-ral. a. Represented by delinea- tion. Brown. FFGURATE, flg'-i-rate. 91. a. [fguratus, Lat.] Of a certain and determinate form. Bacon. Re- sembling any thing of a determinate form ; as, fgurate stones, retaining the forms of shells in which they were formed by the deiuge. Not literal ; figurative. Bale. Fl'GU RATED*, %-u-ra-led. a. Representing some geometrical figure. Potter. FIGURATION, frg-u-ra'-sh&n. n.s. Determination to a certain form. Bacon. The act of giving a certain form. Bacon. Mixture of concords and discords in musick. Gregory. FI CURATIVE, fig'-u-ra-tlv. a. [figuratif-ve, Fr.] Represen'ing something else ; typical ; represen- tative. Hiolcer. Not literal. Stilling Jleet. Full of figures; full of rhetorical exornalions. Drvden. FIGURATIVELY, f ig'-u-ra-tlv-le. ad. By a figure ; in a sense different from that which words original- ly imply ; not literally. Hammond. FFGURE$, fig'-ure. n.s. F fefcm, Lat.J The form of any thing as terminated by the outline. Bacon. Shape ; form ; semblance. Isaiah, xliv. Person ; external form ; appearance, mean or grand. Addi- son. Distinguished appearance ; eminence ; re- markable character. Addison. Magnificence ; splendour. Law. A statue ; an image ; something formed in resemblance of somewhat else. Addison. Representations in painting. Dnjden. Arrange- ment ; disposition ; modification. Watts. A char- acter denoting a number. Skak. The horoscope; the diagram of the aspect of the astrological houses. Shak. [In theology.] Type ; representative. Ro- mans, v. [In rhetorick.] Any mode of speaking in which words are detorted from their literal and primitive sense. In strict acceptation, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of a sentence ajigure ; but they are confounded even by the exacl- est writers. Locke. [In grammar.] Any devia- tion from the rules of analogy or syntax. £5=- There is a coarse and a delicate pronunciation of this word and its compounds. The first is such a pronun- ciation as makes the u short and shut, as if written figgur ■. the last preserves the sound of u open, as if y were prefixed, fi ^JjU^ . Hor' J Sir E. Sandys. dent ; burning ; flushed. Pope. Red ; imprinted/ into notice. Sv, FLAGRANTLY*, fla'-grant Io % Prior. torious; flaming into notice. ar A A^pnilv pp. ™ 1NTLY *, fla'-grant-l^ ArdenUj , ea gerly. Notoriously. Dr. W*™' rr. KlW _ . in ;. „ ~lV«R ATw ; fli/^y. v. a. To burn , to i r Burning. Lo\ e- To FLA'GRATE*. f&?-gr¥' jure by fire. Greenhill. , , FLAGRATION, fla-gra* han - n ' FLA'GSTAFF, f&JA n> S ' The staff on which the flag is fixed, W*™: , , , Pr . TVlp •_,_,, FLAIL, flile. 202. t.s.[flael,o\d Fr.] The 1 instn* ment with whic* grain is beaten out of the ear. Fl!\Kr>r^ke. n.s. [placea, Sax.] Any thing FLA FLA [nr 559.— Fate, far, f 111, fat ;— me, met 5— pine, pin that appears loosely held together, like a flock of wool. Sidney. A stratum 5 layer; film; lamina. Sayidys. To FLAKE, flake, v. a. To form in flakes or bodies loosely connected. Pope. To FLAKE, flake, v. n. To break into laminae ; to part in loose bodies. FLA'KY, fla'-ke.a. Loosely hanging together. Slmk. Lying in layers or strata ; broken into laminae. FLAM §, flam. n. s. [Jim, Icel.] A freak; a whim ; a fancy. B. Jonson. A falsehood ; a lie ; an illu- sory pretext. South. To FLAM, flam. v. a. To deceive with a lie. South. FLA'MBEAU, flam'-bo. 245. n.s. [Fr.] [plural fiambeaux.~\ A lighted torch. Dryden. FLAME §, flame, n.s. [Jlamma, Lat.] Light emitted from fire. Newton. Fire. Cowley. Ardour of tem- per or imagination; brightness of fancy ; vigour of thought. Waller. Ardour of inclination. Pope. Passion of love. Cowley. To FLAME, flame, v. n. To shine as fire ; to burn with emission of light. Sha/c. To shine like flame. Prior. To break out in violence of passion. Beau- mont and Fletcher. To FLAME* flame, v. a. To inflame; to excite; to animate. Spenser.' FLA'MECOLOUR^ftme'-kul-lur. n.s. The colour of flame. B. Jonson.' FLA'MECOLOURED; flame'-kfll-lflrd. 362. a. Of a bright yellow colour. Shakspeare. FLA'MEEYED* flW-lde. a. Having eyes like flames. Quarles. FLA'MELESS*, flW-les. a. Without flame; with- out incense. Sa7idys. FLA 1 MEN, fla'-mgn. 503. n.s, [Lat.] A priest; one that officiates in solemn offices. Milton. - FLA'NNEL, flan'-nel. 99. n.s. [gwlanen, Welsh'.] A soft, nappy stuff of wool. Shakspeare. FLAPS, flap. n.s. [Jlabbe, Teut.] Anything that hangs broad and loose. Brown. The motion ct any thing broad and loose. A disease in horse.] A crack or breach in any thing. Slmk. A fault ; defect. Bozon. A sudden gust; a violent blast. Sliakspeare. A tumult', a tempestuous uproar. Sliakspeare. A sudden com- motion of mi no. Shakspeare. To FLAW, flaw. v. a. To break ; to crack ; to dam- age with fissure. Boyle. To break ; to violate. Shakspeare. FLA'WLESS, flaw'-lgs. a. Without cracks ; without defects. Boyle. FLAWN,flawn. n.s. [plena, Sax.] A custard; a sort of pudding or pie baked in a dish. Tusser 7\> FLATTER, flaw'-tfir. v. a. To scrape or pare a skin. Ainsicorth. FLA'WY, flaw'-e. a. Full of flaws. FLAX §, flaks. n. s. [pleax, jrlex, Sax/J The plant of which the finest thread is made. The fibres of flax cleansed and combed for the spinner. Shak. FLAOCCOMB, flaks'-kom. n. s. The instrument with which the fibres of flax are cleansed from the brit- tle parts. FLA'XDRESSER, flaks'-dres-s&r. n.s. He that prepares flax for the spinner. FLAXEN, flak'-s'n. 103. a. Made of flax. Thomson Fair, long, and flowing, as if made of flax. Addi son. FLA'XWEED, flaks'-weed. it. s. A plant. FLA'XY*, flaks'-e. a. Of a light colour ; fair. Sir M Sandys. To FLAY y ,fla. 221. v.a. [/?aa,lcelandick.] To strip off the skin. Raleigh. To take ofl' the skin or sur- face of any thing. Mic. iii. OCT There is a common pronunciation of this word, as if spelled flea, rhyming with sea, which is everyday grow- ing more vulgar. W. FLA'YER, fla/-fir. n. s. He that strips off the skin of any thing. Sherwood. FLEAy, Be. n.s. [plea. Sax.] A small red insect, remarkable for its agility m leaping, which sucks the blood of larger animals. Tusser. To FLEA, fle. v.a. To clean from fleas. FLE'ABANE, fle'-bane. n. s. A plant. Miller. FLE'ABITE, fle'-blte. > n. s. Red marks caus- FLF/AB1TING. ile'-bi-tlng. \ ed by fleas. Wise- man. A small hurt or pain, like that caused by the sting of a flea. Bp. Hall. FLE'ABITTEN, fle'-bit-f n. 103. a. Stung by fleas. Burton. Mean ; worthless. Cleveland. FLEAK, fleke. n. s, [Jloccus, Lat.] A small lock, thread, or twist. More. A grate, hurdle, or any- thing made of parts laid transverse. FLEAM, fleme. n. s. An instrument used to bleed cattle, which is placed on the vein, and then driven below. FLF/AWORT, fle'-wurt. n. s. A plant. Miller. To FLECK §, nek. v. a. [fleck, Germ.] To spot ; to streak ; to dapple. Shakspeare. ToFLE'CKER, flek'-ur. v.a. To spot; to mark with strokes or touches. FLE'CTION §#, fleit'-shnn. n.s. [Jlectio, Lat.] The act or power of bending or turning. Smith. FLE'CTOR*, flek'-tur. n. s. A name given to the muscles, more frequently called^erors. Smith. FLED. fled. The preterit and participle of flee. FLEDGE §, fledje. a. [flederen, Dutch.] Full-feather- ed ; able to fly. Herbert. To FLEDGE, fledje. v. a. To furnish with wings ; to supply with feathers. Ray. To FLEE, flee. v.n. pret. fled. To run from danger $ to have recourse to shelter. Gen. xix. FLEECE §,fleese. n.s. [];ly r ,p!e]-e,Sax.] As much wool as is shorn from one sheep. Bacon. To FLEECE, fleese. v. a. To clip the fleece of a sheep. To strip ; to pull ; to plunder, as a sheep is robbed of his wool. Addison. To whiten ; to spread over as with wool. Thomson. FLE'ECED, fleest. 359. a. Having fleeces of wool Spenser. FLE'ECER*, flee'-sfir. n. s. One who strips or plun ders. Prynne, FLE'ECY, flense. «. Woolly ; covered with wool. Milton. Of a light colour ; pale. Having the ap- pearance of fleeces of wool. Thomson. To FLEER $, fleer, v.n. [flyra, Iceland.] To mock; to gibe ; to jest with insolence and contempt. Shak. To leer ; to grin with an air of civility. Bwion. To FLEER*, fleer, v. a. To mock ; to flout. Beau- mont and Fletelier. FLEER, fleer, n.s. Mockery expressed either in words or looks, Shak. A deceitful grin of civility. South. 389 FLE FLI [IT 559.- -Fate f^r fall, fat;- -me, mel;- —pine pin 3 FLE'ERER, fleer'-fir. 93. n. s. A mocker ; a fawner. Beaumont and Fletcher. FLEET, FLEOT, FLOT, are all derived from the Saxon pleoc, which signifies a bay or gulf. Gib- son. FLEET, fleet, n. s. [plofca, Sax.] A company of ships ; a navy. Prior. FLEET, fleet, n. s. [pleofc, Sax.] A creek ; an inlet of water. Mortimei . FLEET §, fleet, a. [fliotr, Icelandick.] Swift of pace; quick ; nimble ; active. Spenser. [In the husbandry of some provinces.] Light; superficially fruitful. Mortimer. Skimming the surface. Mortimer. To FLEET, fleet, v.n. [pleotan, Sax.] To fly swift- ly; to vanish. Slvxk. To be in a transient state. Digby— To fleet about the water. To float. Spen- ser. To FLEET, fleet, y. a. To skim the water. To live merrily, or pass time away lightly. Shah. Li the country : to skim milk. Sir A. Weldon. FLE'ETFOOT*, fleel'-fut. a. Swift of foot. Shak. FLE'ETINGDISH, fleet'-ing-dfsh. n.s. A skimming bowl. FLE'ETLY, fleetMe. ad. Swiftly; nimbly; with swift pace. FLE'ETNESS, fleet'-nes. n.s. Swiftness of course ; nimbleness; celerity. Ld. Cluster field. FLEGM*. See Phlegm. FLEMING* flem'-lng. n.s. A native or inhabitant of the Low Countries. Sliakspeare. FLEMISH*, flem'-ish. a. Relating to the Flemings. Sluzkspeare. FLESH $, flesh, n.s. [plsej-c, plerc, Sax.] The body, distinguished from the soul. Shak. The muscles, distinguished from the skin, bones, tendons. St. Luke, xxiv. Animal food, distinguished from vege- table, Locke. The body of beasts or birds used in food, distinct from fishes. Brown. Animal nature. Gen. vi. Carnality ; corporal appetites. S/nal- ridge. A carnal state ; worldly disposition. Rom. viii. Near relation : a scriptural use. Gen. xxxvii. The outward or literal sense. The Orientals termed the immediate or literal signification of any precept or type tlie flesh, and the remote or typical meaning the spirit. St. John. To FLESH, flgsh. v.a. To initiate. Government of tlie Tongue. To establish in any practice. Sidney. To glut^ to satiate. Sliakspeare. FLE'SHBRO'ITLfleW-bro^/i. n.s. Broth made by decocting flesh. Wiseman. FLE'SH BRUSH*, flesh'-brush. n. s. A brush to rub the flesh with. Cheijne. FLE'SHCOLOUR, flesh'-k&l-ur. n. s. The colour of flesh. Locke. FLE'SHDIET*, flesh'-dl-et. n.s. Food consisting of flesh. Coventry. FLE'SHED*, fleW-ed, or flesht. a. Fat; having abundance of flesh. FLE'SHFLY, flesh'-fil. n. s. A fly that feeds upon flesh, and deposits her eggs in it. Ray. FLE'SHFUL*. flesh'-ful. a. Plump; fat. Huloet. FEE'S HHOOK, flesh'-hook. n. s. A hook to draw flesh, from the caldron. 1 Sam. ii. FLESHINESS*, flesh'-e-nes. n. s. Plumpness; ful- ness; fatness. Millon. FLE'SHLESS, flesh'-lgs. a. Without flesh. Sandys. FLE'SHLINESS, fl§sh'-Ie-ngs. n. s. Abundance of flesh, called carnosity. Huloet. Carnal passions or appetites. Asclutm. FEE'S H LING*, flesh'-ltng. n. s. A mortal set wholly uuon the carnal state. ' Confut. of N. Sliaxton. 6b. T. FLE SIJLY, flesh'-le. a. Corporeal. Denham. Car- na! ; lascivious. Milton. Animal ; not vegetable. DryJe.t. Human ; not celestial ; not spiritual. Spwer. Fat; full of flesh. Huloet. FLE SHMEAT, flgsh'-mete. n. s. Animal food ; the fle«h of animals prepared for food. Floyer. FLE SHMENT, flesh'-ment. n. s. Eagerness gained by a successful initiation. Sliakspeare. FLE'SHMONGER, flesh'-m&ng-gur. n. s. One who deuls in flesh ; a pimp. Sliakspeare. FLE'SHPOT, flesh'-pot. n.s. A vessel in which flesh is cooked; thence plenty of flesh. Bp. Taylor. FLE'SHQUAKE, flesh'-kwake. n. s. A tremour of the body. B. Jonson. FLE'SHY, flesh'-e. a. Full of flesh; fat; musculous. Bacon. Pulpous; plump. Bacon. Corporeal. Ec- clus. xvii. FEET, flex participle passive of To fleet. Skimmed. Mortimer. To FLETCH$*, finish, v.a. [feche, Fr.] To feather an arrow. War bur-ton. FLE TCHER, fletsh'-ur. n. s. [flecher, old Fr.] A manufacturer of bows and arrows. Mortimei'. FLEUR de Lis*. See Flower de Luce. FLEW, flu. "265. The preterit of fly. FLEW §, flu. n. s. The large chaps of a deep-mouth ed hound. Hamner. FLE y WED, flude. 362. a. Chapped ; mouthed. Shak. FLEXA'NIMOUS, fleks-an'-e-mus. a. {flexanimus, Lat.] Having the power to change the disposition of the mind. ^Howell. FLEXIBILITY, fleks-e-bil'-e-te. n. s. The quality of admitting to be bent; pliancy. Newton. Easi- ness to be persuaded ; ductility of mind ; compli ance; facility. Hammond. FLEXIBLE Meks'-e-bl. 405. «• [flf-ribilis, Lat.] Possible to be bent ; not brittle ; pliant ; not stifl. Bacon. Not rigid ; not inexorable ; complying ; ob- sequious. Bacon. Ductile ; manageable. Locke That may be accommodated to various forms and purposes. Rogers. FLE'XIBLENESS, fleks'-e-bl-ngs. n. s. Possibility to be bent ; not brittleness ; easiness to be bent ; pliancy. K. Charles. Facility ; obsequiousness ; compliance. Ductility ; manageableness. Locke. FLE XILE, fleks'-fl. 140. a. [flexilis, Lat.] Pliant ; easily bent ; obsequious to any power or impulse Thomson. FLE'XION, flek'-sh&n. n. s. The act of bending Pearson. A double ; a bending. Bacon. A turn towards any part or quarter. Bacon. FLEXOR, fleks'-or. 166. n.s. [Lat.] The general name of the muscles which act in contracting the joints. Arbuihnot. FLE'XUOUS. flek'-shu-us. 452. a. [flexuosus, Lat.] Winding; full of turns and meanders; tortuous. Digby. Bending ; variable; not steady. Bacon. FLE'XURE, flek'-shure. n.s. [flexura, Lat.] The form or direction in which any thing is bent. Ray. The act of bending. Shak. The part bent ; the joint. Sandys. Obsequious or servile cringe. Shak. FLICK*. See Flitch. 7*0 FLICKERS, flik'-fir. v.n. [fligheren,T)utch.] To flutter; to play the wings. Sha/c. To fluctuate ; to move with uncertain and hasty motion. Burton. FLFCKERMOUSE* fllk'-ur-mSuse n. s. A bat B. Jonson. FLEER, fll'-ur. n. s. [from fly.] One that runs away; a fugitive ; a runaway. Shak. That part of a ma- chine which, by being put into a more rapid mo- lion than the other parts, equalises and regulates the motion of the rest, as in a jack. Swift. FLIGHT, fllte. 393. n. s. The act of flying or run- ning from danger. Denham. The act of using wings ; volitalion. Spenser. Removal from place to place by means of wings. Shak. A flock of birds flying together. Bacon. The birds produced in the same season : as, the harvest fligld of pigeons. 7V volley ; a shower. Swift. The space past by flying. Heat of imagination ; sally of the soul. Denlmm. Excursion on the wing. TiUotson. The power of flying. Shak. A particular kind of ar- row. B. Jonson. An ancient sport of shooting with arrows, called roving. Shakspeare. FLIGHT-SHOT*, fllte'-shot. n. s. The length which an arrow may fly. Leland. FLPGHTED* fll'-ted. a. Taking flight ; flying. FLFGHTINESS*, fll'-te-nes. n.s. Wildness; ir- regularity of conduct. FLI'GHTY, fli'-te. a. Fleeting; swift. Shak. Wild ; full of imagination. FLIMFLAM* flW-flam. n.s. [flim, Icel.] A freak ; 390 FLI FLO — 116, move ndr, n6t ; — lube tab, bfill j-oil ; — pfiund — thm, THis. a whim; a trick; a cheat; a petty fiction. Beautm>nt and Fletcher. FLI MSINESS*, flim'-ze-ne's. n. s. Easy texture. 'tone. FLI'MSY s\ flim'-ze. a. Weak ; feeble. Mean ; spir- itless; without force. Pope. To FLINCH 6, finish, v. n. [plion, Sax.] To shrink from any suffering or undertaking. Soulh. To fail. Shakspeare. FLI NCHER, fltnsh'-fir. n. s. He who shrinks or fails in any matter. Beaumont and Fletclier. FLI NDERMOUSE* flin'-dar-mouse. n.s. A bat. Googe. To FLING §, fling, v. a. preter. Jung ; part, flung or flong. [flenga, Su.] "Io cast from the hand ; to throw. Shak. To dart ; to cast with violence. Denluun. To scatter. Milton. To drive by vio- lence. Burnet. To move forcibly. Addison. To cast. Addison. To force into another condition. Spenser. — To Jling away. To eject ; to dismiss. Shot. To fling down. To demolish ; to ruin. Woodward. To fling off. To baffle in the chase. Addison. To FLING, fling, v. n. To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent and irregular motions. Harmar. — Jo fling out. To grow unruly or outrageous. ShaJc. FLING, fling, n.s. A throw The bat. n. s. Unsteadiness ; FLI TTERMOUSE, flit'-tur-mouse. Middleton. F LI TTIN ESS*, flit'-te-n&>. lightness. Bp. Hopkins. i FLFTTING, fuV-ting. n.s. An offence; a wander- I ing ; a desert. Psalm. Removal. Grose. i FLFTTY* fllt'-te. a. Unstable. More. Ob. T. ; a cast. A gibe ; a sneer ; a contemptuous remark. Shakspeare. FLINGEIt, ffing'-ar. 409. n.s. He who throws. Sherwood. He who jeers. FLINT §, flint, n.s. [plmc, Sax.] A semi-pellucid stone, composed of crystal debased, of a blackish gray, of one similar and equal substance, free from veins, and naturally invested with a whitish crust. Hill. Any thing eminently or proverbially hard. Spenser. FLI'NTHEART* flint'-hart. )a. Having a FLINTHE'ARTED*, flmt'-harV-fed. \ hard heart ; cruel. Shakspeare. FLINTY, fllnt'-e. a. Made of flint ; strong. Deut. xxxii. Full of stones. Bacon. Hard of heart; cruel ; savage. Bp. Hall. FLIP, flip. n. s. A cant word. A liquor much used in ships, made by mixing beer with spirits and su- gar. Dennis. FLIPPANCY*, fllp'-pan-se. n.s. Pertness ; brisk folly. FLIPPANT?, flip'-pant. a. Nimble; movable. It is used only of the act of speech. Barrow. Pert ; petulant; waggish. Tlwmson. FLIPPANTLY, flip'-pant-le. ad. In a flowing, prat- ins: way. To FLIRT §, flort. 103. v. a. [pleapbian, Sax.] To throw any thing with a quick, elastick mo- tion. Swift. To throw out words carelessly; to blurt. Howell. To move with quickness. "Dor- set. To jeer; to treat with scoffs. Beaumont and Fletcher. To FLIRT, flurt. v. n. To jeer; to gibe at one. To run about perpetually ; to be unsteady and flutter- ing. To act with levity ; to be guilty of a kind of coquetry. FLIRT, flurt. n. s. A quick, elastick motion. Addison. A sudden trick. B. Jonson. A pert young hussy. Burton. A jeer; a gibe. Beaumont and Fletcher. FLIRT*, flurt. a. Pert; wanton. Shakspeare. FLIRTATION, flur-ta'-shun. n. s. A quick, spright- Iv motion. Pope. A desire of attracting notice. Lord Chesterfield. 7bFLIT$,fllt. r. n. [fly tier, Ban.] To fly away. Spenser. To remove; to migrate. Hooker. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden. To be flux or unstable. Spenser. To FLIT*, flit. r. a. To remove out of its place; to dispossess. Chancer. FLIT. ffit. a. Swift. Spenser. Ob. J. FLITCH, flitsh. n. s. [plicce, Sax.] The side of a hog salted and cured. Skelion. To FLITTERS*, flh'-tur. v. n. [a corruption ot flut- ter.] To be in agitation. Chaucer. FLPTTER*, flit'-tur. n. s. [ fletia, Icel.] A rag ; a tatter. Aubrey. jFLIX, fliks. n. s. Down; fur; soft hair, [corrupted I from flax.] Dryden. Dysentery. FLI'XWOOD, fliks'-wud. ji. s. A plant. |FLO* flo. n.s. [pla, Sax.] An arrow. Chaucer. Ob. T. \ To FLOAT $, flote. 295. v. n. [pleotan, Sax.] To swim on the surface of the water. Shak. To move without labour in a fluid. Dryden. To pass with a light, irregular course. Locke. To FLOAT, flote. v. a. To cover with water. Dry- den. FLOAT, fl6te. n. s. The act of flowing ; the flux. Hooker. Any body so contrived or formed as to swim upon the water. 1 Esdras, v. The cork or quill by which the angler discovers the bite of a fish. Walton. A cant word for a level. Mortimer. A wave. Shakspeare. FLCATER* fl^-tur. n. s. One who floats or sails upon. Eusden. FLO'ATING*, fiW-ting. n.s. The act of being con- veyed by the stream. Wliitlock. FLO'ATY. flo'-te. a. Buoyant and swimming on the surface. Raleigh. FLOCK §j flok. n. s. [plocc, Sax.] A company ; usu- ally a company of birds or beasts. Shak. A com- pany of sheep, distinguished from herds, which are of oxen. Milton. A body of men. 2 Mace. xiv. [From floccus.] A lock of wool. Dryden. To FLOCK, flolc. v. n. To gather in crowds or large numbers. Knolles. FLO'CKLY*, flok'-le. ad. In a body; in a heap. Huloet. Ob. T. To FLOG, flog. v. a. [flagrum, Lat.] To lash ; to whip. Swift. j FLONG, old part. pass, from fling. FLOOD ^, flud. 308. n.s. [plob, Sax] A body of water ; the sea ; a river. Psalm lxxii. A deluge; an inundation. Shak. Flow ; flux ; the swelling of a river by ram or inland flood. Dairies. The gen- eral deluge. Brown. Catamenia. Harvey. To FLOOD, flfid. r. a. To deluge ; to cover with waters. Mortimer. j FLO'ODGATE, flfid'-gate. n. s. Gate or shutter by which the water course is closed or opened. Sidney. FLO'ODMARK*, fl&d'-mark. n. s. High-water mark ; the mark which the sea makes on the shore at flowing water, and the highest tide. 1 FLOOK, fl6Sk. 306. n. s. [pflug, Germ.] The broad part of the anchor which takes hold of the ground. A flounder ; a flat river fish. FLOORS, flore. 310. n.s. [plop, plope,Sax.] The pavement : a pavement is always of stone, the floor i of wood or stone. Sidney. A story ; a flight of j rooms. B. Jonson. To FLOOR, flore. v. a. To cover the bottom with a ! floor. 2 Chron. xxxiv. FLO'ORING, flo'-ring. n. s. Bottom ; pavement. Wotton. To FLOP, flop. r. a. [from flap.] To clap the wings with noise. V Estrange. FLORAL, flo'-ral. a. [Jloralis, Lat.J Relating to Flora, or to flowers. Prior. FLO'REN, florin, n. s. A gold coin of Edward III. F. Tlnjnne. FLORENCE, flor'-ense. n. s. [from the city Flo- rence.] A kind of cloth. Diet. A kind of wine im- ported from Florence. A gold coin of Edward III. in value six shillings. Camden. FLORENTINE*, fldr'-cn-tme. n.s. A Dative of Florence. A sort of silk so named. FLO'RET, flo'-reL n. s. [fleurette, Fr.] A small im- perfect flower. A foil, [floret, Fr.] Government of the Tongue. FLO'RIAGE*. fl FLY'BLOW, fll'-M6. One that flies or runs away. Goodman. The n. s. Plants. FLYBOAT, fli^bote and light for sailin FLYCATCHER, fli flics. Dryden. FLYER, fll'-fir. 98. ? Warner. One that uses wings fly of a jack. To FLY'FISH, fll'-flsh. v. n. To angle with a hook baited with a fly. Walton. FLYFLAP*, fll'-flap. n. s. A fan or flapper to keep flies off. SMdon. FLYING-FISH*, fli'-ing-fish. n. s. A fish of the gurnard kind. Sir T. Herbert. FOAL §, flic. 295. n. s. [pola, Sax.] The offspring of a mare, or other beast of burthen. Spenser. To FOAL, fole. v. a. To bring forth a foal. Shak. To FOAL, f6le. v. n. To be disburdened of the foe- tus. Mortimer. FO'ALBIT, f&le'-blt. FO'ALFOOT, f6le / -fut FOAM$, f6me. 295. n. s. ; [peem, Sax.] The white substance which agitation or fermentation gathers on the top of liquors ; froth ; spume. Hos. x. To FOAM*, f&me. v. a. To cast out froth ; to throw forth. St. Jude. To FOAM, f6me. v.n. To froth 3 to gather foam. Shak. To be in rage ; to be violently agitated. St. Mark, ix. FO'AMINGLY*, fime'-mg-le. ad. Slaveringly; frothily. Sherwood. FO'AMY, f6 / -me. a. Covered with foam; frothy. Sidney. FOB§, fob. n. s. [fuppe, Germ.] A small pocket. Addison. To FOB, fob. v. a. [fuppen, Germ.] To cheat ; to trick ; to defraud. Shak.— To fob off. To shift off; to put aside with an artifice. Shakspeare. FO'CAL, ftV-kal. 88. a. [from focus.] Belonging to the focus. Derham. FO'CIL, fos'-ll. n, s. [focile, Fr.] The greater or less bone between the knee and ankle, or elbow and wrist. Wiseman. FOCILLA'TION, fds-Il-a'-shfin. n.s. [focillo, Lat.] Comfort ; support. Diet. FO'CUS, f&'-kfis. n.s. [Lat.] [In opticks.] The fo- cus of a glass is the point of convergence or con- course, where the rays meet and cross the axis after their refraction by the glass. Newton. — Focus of a parabola. A point in the axis within the figure, and distant from the vertex by a fourth part of the parameter. Harris. Focus of an ellipsis. A point towards each end of the longer axis, from whence two right lines, being drawn to any point in the circumference, shall be together equal to that longer axis. Harris. Focus oftlie hyperbola. A point in the principal axis, within the opposite hy- perbolas, from which if auy two right lines are arawn, meeting in either of the opposite hyper- bolas, the difference will be equal to the principal axis. Diet. KO'DDER§, fod'-d&r. n. s. [poftep, Sax.l Dry food stored up for cattle against winter. KnoUes. To FO'DDER, fod'-d&r. v. a. To feed with dry food. Evelyn. FODDERER, fod'-d&r-rur. n. s. He who fodders cattle. Sherwood. FOE§, f6. 296. n. s. [pah, Sax.] An enemy in war. Spenser. A persecutor ; an enemy in common life. Shak.^ An opponent ; an ill-wisher. Watts. To FOE*, f6. v. a. To treat as an enemy. Spenser. Ob. T. ' * FO'EHOOD*, f&'-h&d. [pah and hab, Sax.] Enmi- ty. Bp. Bedell. t • , - ~ FO'ELIKE*, fi'-like. a. In the character of an ene- my. Sandys. FOREMAN, f6 / -man. n.s. Enemy in war; antago- nist. Spenser. Obi J. FO'ETUS, fe'-tus. 296. n. s. [Lat.] The child in the womb after it is perfectly formed ; but before, it is called embryo. Q,uincy. FOG $, f6g. n. s. [fog, Dan.] A thick mist ; a moist, dense vapour near the surface of the land or water Raleigh. FOG, fog. n. s. [fogagium, low Lat.] Aftergrass ; which grows in autumn after the nay is mown. Drayton. To FOG*, fog. v. a. To overcast ; to darken. Sher wood. To FOG §*, fog. v. n. [vogue, Fr.] To have powei Milton. FO GAGE*, fog'-aje. n. s. In the forest law, rank grass, not eaten in the summer. Chambers. FOGGILY, fog'-ge-ie. 383. ad. Mistily; darkly, cloudily. FO'GGINESS, fog'-ge-nes. n. s. The state of being dark or misty; cloudiness; mistiness. FOGGY, fog'-ge. 383. a. Misty; cloudy; dank Sidney. Cloudy in understanding; dull. Hat ward. FOH, fdh ! inteject. [pah, Sax.] An interjection of abhorrence. Shakspeare. FO'IBLE*, foe'-bl. a. [Fr.] Weak. Ld. Herbert. FOTBLE, f&'-bl. 299,405. n.s. A weak side; a blind side ; a failing. Friend. To FOIL§, 1811. v. a. [affoler, old Fr.] To put to the worst; to defeat. Milton, [fouiller, Fr.] To blunt ; to dull. Shak. To defeat; to puzzle. Addison. FOIL, f611. 299. n. s. A defeat ; a miscarriage. Shak. [feuille, Fr.] Leaf; gilding. Spenser. Something of another colour, near which jewels are set to raise their lustre. Sidney, [fouiller, Fr.] A blunt sword The steel of a used in fencing. Shak glass. Chambers. FOTLABLE*, fdlF-a-bl Cotgrave. FOTLER, fd)l'-ur. n.s vantage over another. FOILING*, ffiY-hg.n.. looking- a. Which may be foiled. One who has gained ad- Among hunters, the mark, barely visible, where deer have passed over grass. To FOIN§, fdln. 299. v. n. [poindre, Fr.] To push in fencing. Spenser. To FOIN*, fojta. v. a. To prick ; to sting. Huloet. FOIN, fom. n. s. A thrust ; a push. Robinson. FO ININGLY, f6m'-?ng-le. ad. In a pushing manner. FOTSON, foe'-zn. 170. n. s. [fusio, Lat.] Plenty ; abundance. Tusser. Ob. J. To FOIST §, ffiist. 299. v. a. [fausser, Fr.] To insert by forgery ; to falsify. Careiv. FOIST*, foist, n. s. [Juste, old Fr.] A light and swift ship. Beaumont and Fletcher. FO'ISTER*, fdlst'-ur. n.s. A falsifier; a liar. Mir- ror for Magistrates. FO'ISTIEDS*, f&ls'-tld. a. Mustied ; vinnewed. Huloet. FOISTINESS, fols'-te-ngs. n. s. Fustiness; moodi- ness. Tusser. FO'ISTY, fSls'-te. a. Mouldy ; fusty. Favour, Antiq. Triumph over Novelty. FOLDS, fold. n.s. [palaeb, palb, Sax.] The ground in which sheep are confined. Milton.. The place where sheep are housed. Numb, xxxii. The flock of sheep. Dryden. A limit; a boundary. Creech. An enclosure of any kind ; as, foldgarth. A double ' y a complication ; one part added to another. Shak. From the foregoing signification is derived the use of fold in composition. Fold signifies the same quantity added : as, twenty-jold, twenty times re- peated. St. Mail. xiii. 394 FOL FOO —no, mftvo. nor, not;— tube, tftb, bflll ;— oil ',— pound;— thin, THis. To FOLD, fold, v. a. To shut sheep in the fold. Mi/ton. To double; to complicate. //<■/>. i. To enclose ; to include ; to shut. Shaispeare. To FOLD, fold. i\ n. To close over another of the same kind. 1 Kings, vi. FOLDER*, lold-ftr. n.s. One who folds up any thing. Hitlod. VO LDING*, fold'' -nig;, n.s. Applied to sheep, means the keeping- them on arable lands within folds made of hurdles. Bacon. FOLE*. See Foat.. FOLIA'CEOUS, fo-le-a'-shus. a. Ubliaceus, Lat.] ( "onsisting of laminae or leaves. Woodward. FOLIAGE*, fo'-le-adje. 90. n.s. [folium, Lat.] Leaves; tufts of leaves. Addison. To FOLIAGE* fo'-le-adje. v. a. To work so as to represent foliage. Drnmmond. To FOLIATE, fo'-le-ate. v. a. [foliatus, Lat.] To beat into lamina? or leaves. Bacon. FOLIATION, fd-le-a'-shfin. n.s. The act of beat- ing into thin leaves. Foliation is one of the parts of the flower, being the collection of those fugacious coloured leaves called petala, which constitute the compass of the flower. Quiiici/. FOL1ATURE, fo'-le-a-tshure. n. s. The state of be- iug hammered into leaves. Shuck ford. FOL1ER*, fo'-le-Cir. n.s. [foelf, Dutch.] .* Gold- smith's foil. Hist. R. Soc. FO'LIO, fo'-le-o. n. s. [in folio, Lat J A leaf or page of a book. A large book of which the pages are formed by a sheet of paper once doubled. Walls. FO'LIOMORT, fo'-le-o-mort. a. [folium mortuum, Lat.] A dark vellow ; the colour of a leaf faded 3 vulgarly called filemot. Woodward. FOLIOT* fo'-l£6t. 7i. s. [foldto, ltal.] A kind of demon. Burton. FOLIOUS*, fo'-le-tis. a. Leafy ; thin and unsub- i slantial as a leaf. Brown. FOLKS, loke. n.s. [pole, Sax. — It is properly a collective noun, and has no plural, but by modern corruption.] People, in familiar language. Sidney.] Nations ; mankind. Ps. lvii. Any kind of people, I as discriminated from others. Bacon. 35° Notwithstanding this word is originally plural, our language is so little used to a plural without s, that folks may now be accounted the best orthography, as it is certainly the only current pronunciation. W. FO'LKLAND*, foke'-land. n. s. [polclanb, Sax.] Copyhold land. Burke FOLKMOTE, foke'-mote. n. s. [polcmofe, Sax.] A meeting of people. Burke. FOLLICLE, fol'-le-kl. 405. n.s [folliculus, Lat.] A cavity in any lx)dy with strong coats. Broicn. [In botany.] The seed vessels, capsula seminalis, or case, which some fruits and seeds have over them. Quincij. FOLLIFUL* fol'-le-ful. a. Full of foil v. Shenslofte. FO'LLILY*,fol'-le-le.«^. Foolishly. Wicliffe.Ob. T. To FOLLOW §, folMo. 327. v.*. [pol^'ian.Sax.] To go after ; not before, nor side by side. Shak. To pursue as an enemy ; to chase. Dry den. To accompany ; not to forsake. Milton. To attend as a dependant. 1 Sam. xvii. To go after. Sidney. To succeed in order of time. Milton. To be con- sequential in argument. Milton. To imitate; to copy as a pupil. Hooker. To obey ; to observe as a guide. Tillolson. To pursue as an object of de- sire. Hebrews, xii. To confirm by new endeavours. Spenser. To attend to ; to be busied with. Ecclus. xxix. To FO'LLOW, fol'-l6. w. n. To come after another. Jer. xlii. To attend servilely. Shaft. To be pos- terior in time. Milton. To be consequential, as effect to cause. Locke. To be consequential, as inference to premises. Temple. To continue en- deavours ; to persevere. Hos. vi. FOLLOWER, fol'-l6-ur. n.s. One who comes after another ; not before him, nor side by side. Shak. One who observes a guide. So7rth. An attendant or dependant. Pope. An associate ; a companion. Shak. One under the command of another. Spenser. A scholar; an imitator; a copier. 1 Cor. xi. FO'LLY, fol'-le. n.s. [follie, old Fr.] Want of un- derstanding; weakness of intellect. Hawkesworth. ( Yiminal weakness ; depravity of mind. Dent. xxii. Act of negligence or passion unbecoming gravity or deep wisdom. Shak. To FOME'NTJ, fo-ment'. V. a. [fomentor, Lat.] To cherish with heat. Milton. To bathe with warm Unions. Arbuthnot. To encourage; to cherish Wottou. FOMENTATION, fo-men-ta'-sh&n. n. s. Partial bathing, called also stuping, which is applying hot flannels to any part, dipped in medicated decoc- tions. Qnincy. The lotion prepared to foment the parts. Arbuthnot. Excitation ; encouragement. Sir H. Wotton. FOME'NTER, fo-men'-tur. n.s. One that foments ; an encourager ; a supporter. Howell. FON, fon. n. s. [faane, Su. Goth, and lcel.] A fool; an idiot. Spenser. FOND §, fond. a. Foolish; silly; indiscreet; impru dent; injudicious. Hooker. "Trilling; valued bv folly. Shak. Foolishly lender ; injudiciously indul- gent. Addison. Pleased in too great a degree ; foolishly delighted. Dryden. To FOND, fond. > v. a. To treat with To FO'NDLE, fon'-dl. 405. $ great indulgence ; to caress ; to cocker. Dryden. To FOND, fond. v. n. To be fond of; to be in love with ; to dbat on. Shakspeare. To FOND $*, fond. v. n. [punbian, Sax.] To strive ; to try. Gower. Oh. T. FONDLER, fon'-dl-fir. n. s. One who fondles. FONDLING, fdn'-dl-mg. n.s. A person or thing much fondled or caressed; something regarded with great affection. Arbuthnot. A fool. Burton. FO'NDLY, f&nd'-le. ad. Foolishly ; weakly ; impru- dently. Shak. With extreme tenderness. Pope. FONDNESS, fdnd'-nes. n.s. Foolishness ; weakness ; want of sense ; want of judgement. Spenser. Fool- ish tenderness. Addison.. Tender passion. A Phillips. Unreasonable liking. Hammond. FONE, fone. n. s. Plural of foe. Spenser. Ob. J. FONT, font. n. s. [fans, Lat.] A stone vessel in which the water for holy baptism is contained in the church. Hooker. [In printing.] An assortment of letters and accents. Boyle. FONTANEL, fon'-ta-nei. n. s. [fonianelle, Fr.] An issue ; a discharge opened in the body. Bp. Hall. FONTA'NGE, fon-tanje'. n. s. [from the name of the first wearer, Mademoiselle de Fontange.~] A knot of ribands on the top of the head-dress. Ad- dison. Ob. J. FOOD§, food. 10, 306. n.s. [pob,food, Sax.] Victu- als ; provision for the mouth. Prov. xiii. Any thing that nourishes. Shakspeare. To FOOD*, food. ?). a. To feed. Barret. Ob. T. FOODFUL, fSod'-iul. a. Fruitful ; full of food ; plen teous. Sandys. FO'ODLESS*, f36d'-les. a. Not affording food; barren. Sandys. FOODY,- foSd'-e. a. Eatable ; fit for food. Chapman. FOOL§, foOl. 30G. n. s. [fol. Su. Goth, and lcel.] One to whom nature has denied reason; a natural;, an idiot. Locke. [In Scripture.] A wicked man. Psalm xiv. A term of indignity and reproach. Dryden. One who counterfeits folly; a buffoon; a jester. Milton. — To play the fool. To play pranks like a hired jester; to make sport. Sidney. To act like one void of common understanding. 1 Sam. xxvi. To make a fool of. To disappoint ; to defeat. Shakspeare. To FOOL, f66l. v. it. To trifle ; to toy ; to play ; to idle ; to sport. Herbert. To FOOL, fool. v. a. To treat with contempt ; to dis- appoint; to frustrate; to defeat. Shak. To infatu- ate ; to make foolish. Calamy. To cheat : as, to fool one of his money. FOOL§*, fool. ?i.s. A liquid made of gooseberries scalded and pounded, and of cream. Shakspeare, 395 FOO FOR U" 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, m& ;— pine, p?n FOOLBO'LD* foo]-b6ld'. a. Foolishly bold. Bale. Ob. T. FOO'LBORN, fook-bfirn. a. Foolish from the birth. Sliakspeare. FOO'LERY, foSK-iV-e. 557. n. s. Habitual folly. Shak. An act of folly ; trifling practice. Ecclus. xxii. Object of folly. Raleigh. FOOLHAPPY^ool-hap'-pe. a. Lucky without con- trivance or judgement. Spenser. FOOLILVRDINES3, fool-har'-de-ngs. n.s. Mad rashness ; courage without sense. Dryden. FOOLHA'RDISE, fdol-har'-dls. n.s. [fool and har- diesse, Fr.l Foolhardiness. Spenser. Ob. J. FOOLHA'RDY, fodl-har'-de. a. Daring without judgement; madly adventurous. Spenser. FOOLTRAP, foSl'-trap. n. s. A snare to catch fools in. Dryden. FOOLISH, fook-fsh. a. Void of understanding 3 weak of intellect. 2 Esdras. Imprudent ; indis- creet. Shak. Ridiculous 5 contemptible. 2 Mace. ii. [In Scripture.] Wicked ; sinful. FOO'LISHLY, fo6V-?sh-le. ad. Weakly; without understanding. [In Scripture.] Wickedly. Sivifl. FOOLISHNESS, W-ish-ne's, n.s. Folly; want of understanding. Foolish practice ; actual deviation from the right. South. FOO'LSCAP Paper.*' A term denoting the size of the sheet of paper ; as pot, foolscap, &c. pot being the smallest, and foolscap the second in the ascend- ing scale to a//tfs-paper. FOO'LSTONES, f66l / -st6nz. n. s. A plant. FOOT §, fut. 307. n.s. plural feet, [pot, SaxJ The part upon which we stand. Clarendon. That by which any thing is supported in the nature of a foot : as, the foot of a table. The lower part; the base. Hakewill. The end; the lower part. Dryden. The act of walking. 2 Mace, v.— On foot. Walk- ing; without carriage. Exod. xii. — A posture of action. Shak. Infantry ; footmen in arms. 1 Mace. iv. State ; character; condition. Dryden. Scheme; plan ; settlement. Swift. A state of incipient ex- istence; first motion. Tillotson. The level; the square ; par. Bacon. A certain number of sylla- bles constituting a distinct part of a verse. Ascfiam. Motion; action. Grew. Step. L' Estrange. A measure containing twelve inches. Bacon. To FOOT, fut. 307. v.n. To dance ; to tread wan- tonly ; to trip. Dryden. To walk ; not ride. Spenser. To FOOT, fut. v. a. To spurn ; to kick. Sliak. To settle ; to begin to fix. Shak. To tread. Shak. To hold with the foot. Shak. To supply with feet. Bp. Hall. FOO'TBALL, fut'-balk n.. s. A ball commonly made of a blown bladder, cased with leather, driven by the foot. Peacham. The sport or practice of kick- ing the football. Arbuthnol. FOO'TBANDS^ffit'-bandz. n. s. pi. Soldiers that march and fight on foot. Mirror for Magistrates. FOO'TBOY, lut'-bSe. n.s. A low menial ; "an atten- dant in livery. Sliakspeare. FOOTBREADTH*, fut'-brcm n.s. The space which a foot might cover. Deut. ii. FOOTBRIDGE, fut'-brfdje. n.s. A bridge on which passengers walk ; a narrow bridge. Sidney. FOO'TCLOTH, fut'-klik'j. n. s. A sumpter cloth. Sliakspeare. FOOTED, ful'-ed. a. Shaped in the foot. Grew. FOOTFA'LL*. f'ut'-fall. ?i.s. A stumble; a trip of the foot. Sliakspeare. FOO'TFIGHT, fut'-fhe. n. s. A fight made on foot, in opposition to that on horseback. Sidney. FGO'TGUARDS*, fut'-gardz. n.s. pi. Foot-soldiers belonging to those regiments called, by way of dis- tinction, the Guards. FOOTHOLD, fut'-hild. n.. s. Space to hold the foot ; space on which one may tread surely. More. FOOTHOT*, fut-h6t', ad. Immediately ; directly ; a phrase borrowed from hunting. Gowcr. Ob. T. FOOTING, fut'-lng. n,s. Ground for the foot. Shak. Support; root. Dryden. Basis; foundation. Locke. Place ; possession. Dryden. Tread ; walk. Spenser. Dance. Shak . Steps ; ro^d ; track., Spenser. En- trance ; beginning ; establishment. Dames. State, condition ; settlement. Arbuihnot. FOOTLESS*, fut'-lks. a. Without feet. FOOTLICKER, fut'-lik-Ar. n. s. A slave; an hum- ble fawner ; one who licks the foot. Sliakspeare. FOOTMAN, fut'-man. 88. n. s. A soldier that inarches and fights on foot. Raleigh. A menial servant in livery. Bacon. One who practises to walk or run FOOTMANSHIP, fut'-man-ship. n. s. The art or faculty of a runner. Hayward. FOOTMANTLE*, fut'-man-tl. n.s. A species of petticoat used by market-women, when they ride on horseback, to keep their gowns clean. Chancer. Ob. T. FOOTPACE, fiV-pase. n, s. Part of a pair of stairs. whereon, after four or five steps, you arrive to a broad place. Moxon. A pace no faster than a slow walk. FOOTPAD, fut'-pad. n.s. [foot and pad.] A higii wayman that robs on foot. FOOTPATH, ful'-patfi. n. s. A narrow way whicn will not admit horses or carriages. Sliakspeare. FOQTPOST, fut y -p6st. n. s. A post or messenger that travels on foot. Careiv. FOOTSOLDIER* fut-sok-jur. n. s. A soldier that marches and fights on foot. fOOTSTALL, fut'-stall. 406. n.s. A woman's stirrup. OO'TSTEP, fut'-step. n.s. Trace; track; impres- sion left by the foot. Locke. Token; mark; notice given, Bentley. Example. FOOTSTOOL, fiit'-stSol. n.s. Stool on which he that sits places his feet. Sliakspeare. FOP§, fop. n.s. A simpleton; a coxcomb; a man of small understanding and much ostentation ; a pretender ; a man fond of show, dress, and flutter; an impertinent. Sliakspeare. FO'PDOODLE, fop'-doo-dl. n.s. A fool; an insig- nificant wretch. Hudibras. FO'PLING, fop'-ling. n. s. A petty fop ; an under- rate coxcomb. Tickell. FOPPERY, fop'-ur-e. 557. n.s. Folly; imperti- nence. Shak. Affectation of show or importance ; showv folly. Shenslone. Foolery; vain or idle practice. Stilling fleet. FOPPISH, fop'-plsh. a. Foolish ; idle ; vain. Shak. Vain in show; foolishly ostentatious. Garth. FOPPISHLY, fop'-plsh-le. ad. Vainly; ostenta- tiously. Shenvood. FOTPiSHNESS, fop'-p?sh-n§s. n.s. Vanity ; showy or ostentatious vanity. Shcnstone. FOR§, for. 167. prep, [pop., Sax.] Because of. Hooker. With respect to ; with regard to ; Shak. In this sense it has often as before it. Knolles. In the character of. Locke. With resemblance of. Shak. Considered as; in the place of. Milton. In advantage of; for the sake of. Bacon. Condu- cive to ; beneficial to. Tillotson. With intention of going to a certain place. Bacon. In compara- tive respect. Dryden. In proportion to. With appropriation to. Slvak. After O, an expression of desire. Shak. In account of; in solution of. Bw-net. Inducing to as a motive. Tillotson. In expectation of. Locke. Noting power or possi- bility. Bp. Taylor. Noting dependence. Boyle. In prevention of; for fear of. Tusser. In remedy of. Garrelson. In exchange of. Di-yden. In the place of; instead of. Dryden. In supply of; to serve in the place of. Dryden. Through a certain duration. Roscommon. In search of ; in quest of. Tillotson. According to. Boyle. Noting a slate of fitness or readiness. Shak. In hope of ; for the sake of; noting the final cause. Bacon. Of ten- dency to ; towards. Swift. In favour of; on the part of; on the side of. Hooker. Noting accom- modation or adaption. Locke. With intention of. Waller. Becoming; belonging to. Shak. Not- withstanding. Hooker. To the use of; to be used in. Tillotson. In consequence of. Dryden. In recompense of; in return of. Dryden. In propor- tion to. Shak. By means of; by interposition of. Hale. In regard of; in preservation of. — I cannot for. my li/'e,\s. J cannot if my life might be saved 396 * FOR FOR — n6, move ndr n6t ;- -tube, tab, bflll ;- -oil; — p6flnd ;- -tlim, THis. bu it. Sha/cspeare.—For all. Notwithstanding. Sidney. FOR, for. conj. The word by which the reason is in- troduced of something advanced before. Shak. Because ; on this account that. Spenser. — For as much. In regard that ; in consideration of. Hooker. For why. because ; for this reason that. Khollu. FOR*, for. ^ In composition, for is sometimes priva- tive, as, forbear, and forbid, in its fourth meaning; sometimes merely intensive, as forbathe ; and sometimes only communicative of an ill sense, as forswear. To FORAGER f6r / -iije. 16? en. [forragium, low Lat.] To wander far ; to ro\ j at a distance. Shak. To wander in search of spoil ; generally of provi- sions. Denham. To ravage; to feed on spoil. Shak. To FO'RAGE, f or'-aje. v. a. To plunder ; to strip ; to spoil. Spenser. FO'RAGE, f or'-aje. 90. v. s. Search of provisions ; the act of feeding abroad. Milton, Provisions sought abroad. Dryden. Provisions in general. Dryden. FO'RAGER*, fdr'-a-jor. n. s. One who wanders in search of spoil; a waster of a country. Shak. A provider of food, fodder, or forage ; a merchant of corn. Barret. Any animal which feeds. Mason. FORAGING*, for'-a-jing. n.s. Predatory inroad. Bp. Hall. FORA'MINOUS, fo-ram'-e-nus. a. [foramen, Lat.] Full of holes ; porous. Bacon. To FORBA'THE*, f 6r-baTHe\ v. a. To bathe ; to imbrue. Sackvil/e. To FORBE'AR, f6r-bare'. v.n.pret I forbore, an- ciently forbare ; part, forborne. [popbEepan, Sax.] To cease from any thing; to intermit. Cheyne. To pause ; to delay. Shak. To omit voluntarily ; to abstain. 1 Sam. xxiii. To restrain any violence of temper ; to be patient. Proii. xxv. 35= The o in these words, preceding the accent and fol- lowed by a consonant, is under the same predicament as the same letter in command, collect, &c. — which see. W. To FORBE'AR, fSr-bare'. 240. v. a. To decline ; to avoid voluntarily. Shak. To abstain from ; to omit. Clarendon. To spare ; to treat with clemency. Eph. iv. To withhold. % Cliron. xxxv. FOBJBE'ARANCE, f6r-bare'-anse. n.s. The care of avoiding or shunning any thing ; negation of practice. Locke. Intermission of something. Command of temper. Sliak. Lenity; delay of punishment; mildness. Addison. FORBE'ARER, for-ba'-rdr. n.s. An intermitter ; intercepter of any thing. Tusser. To FORBFD$, fdr-bld 7 . v. a. pret. I forbade, and formerly forbid ; part, forbidden or forbid, [pop- beoban, Sax.] To prohibit ; to interdict any thing. Shale. To command to forbear any thing. Sidney. To oppose ; to hinder. Bacon. To accurse ; to blast. Shakspeare. To FORBFD, f6r-b!d'. v. n. To utter a prohibition. Shakspeare. FORBFDDANCE, fSr-bld'-danse. n.s. Prohibition; edict against anv thing. Bp. Hall. FORBI'DDENLY, f6r-b'M'-d'n-le. ad. In an unlaw- ful manner. Shakspeare. FORBI'DDENNESS* f6r-bid'-d'n-nes. n. s. The state of being forbidden. Boyle. FORBI'DDER, f6r-bfd'-d&r. n. s. One that prohib- its. Brown. FORBFDDING, fSr-b?d'-d?ng. part. a. Raising ab- horrence ; repelling approach ; causing aversion. A. Hill. FORBFDDING*, fSr-b?d'-dmg. n. s. Hinderance ; opposition. Shakspeare. FORBY'*. See Foreby. FOR.CES, forse. n.s. [force, Fr.] Strength ; vigour ; might. Donne. Violence. Shak. Virtue ; efficacy. Locke. Validness ; power of law. Heh. ix. Ar- mament ; warlike preparation. Jerem. xlviii. Des- tiny ; necessity ; fatal compulsion. Sfuxk. A water- fall. Mors, Su. Goth.] To FORCE, forse. v. a. To compel ; to constrain. Bacon. To overpower by strength. Milton. To impel ; to press ; to draw or push by main strength. Dad. xx. To enforce; to urge. Dryden. To drive by violence or power. Decay of Piety. To gain by violence or power. Dryden. To storm ; to lake or enter by violence. Waller. To ravish ; to vio- late by force. Dryden. To constrain ; to distort. Shak. To man ; to strengthen by soldiers. jKa- leigh. To stun"*: a term of cookery. Shak. To bring forward ; to ripen precipitately : a term of gardening. To line down wines, and render them lit for immediate draught.— To force out. To ex- tort. A tier bury. To FORCE, forse. v. n. To lay stress upon. Cam- den. To endeavour. Spenser. To use violence. Spenser. FO'RCEDLY, f6r'-sed-le. 364. ad. Violently ; con- strainedly ; unnaturally. Burnet. FO'RCEDNESS*, for'-sed-nes. n. s. Distortion. Worthinzton. FO'RCEFUL, forse'-f &1. a. Violent ; strong ; impet- uous. Shakspeare. FORCEFULLY, fdrse'-ful-Ie. ad. Violently j im- petuously. FO'RCELESS, f6rse'-les. a. Having little force ; weak ; feeble ; impotent. Shakspeare. FO'RCEMEAT*, lorse'-meet. ?i.s. A term of cook- ery. FO'RCEPS, for'-seps. n. s. [Lat.] A pair of long.?. An instrument in elnrurgery to extract any thing out of wounds. Quincy. FO'RCER, fore'-sur. n.s. A compeller ; a conslrain- er. Cotgrave. That which forces, drives, or con- strains. The embolus of a pump working by pul- sion- Wilkins. FO'RCIBLE, fore'-se-bl. 405. a. Strong; mighty. Hooker. Violent ; impetuous. Prior. Efficacious ; active; powerful. Bacon. Prevalent ; of great in- fluence. Raleigh. Done by force ; suffered by- force. Milton. Valid ; binding ; obligatory. FO'RCIBLENESS, fdre'-se-bl-nes. «. s. Force j vi olence. FO'RCIBLY, f6re'-se-ble. ad. Strongly ; powerfully Tillotson. Impetuously; with great strength. By violence; by force. Bacon. FORCIPATED$, f6r'-se-pa-ted. a. Formed like a pair of pincers to open and enclose. Brown. FQRCIPA'TION* f or-se-pa'-shfin. n. s. Squeezing or tearing with pincers ; formerly a mode of pun- ishment. Bacon. FO'RCING*, iore'-smg. n.s. The act of urging or en- forcing". Prov. xxx. Compulsion. Beamn. and FL To FORCLO'SE*. See To Foreclose. FORD§, ford, n. s. [popb, Sax.] A shallow part of a river where it may be passed without swimming. Gen. xxxii. The stream ; the current. Milton. To FORD, ford. v. a. To pass without swimming. Raleigh. FO'RDABLE, ford'-a-bl. 405. a. Passable without swimming. Raleigh. To FORDO'*, for-doo'. v. a. [pojibon, Sax.] To ruin ; to destroy ; opposed to making happy Chaucer. To weary; to overcome. Shakspea/e Ob. T. FORE §, fore. a. [-pope, Sax.] Anteriour; not be hind. Bacon. That which comes first in a progres sive motion. Cheyne. FORE, f6rc. ad. Anteriourly. Raleigh. Fore is a word much used in composition to mark priority of time, or situation. — Fore and aft. The whole length of a ship. To FOREADMO'NISH*, fore-ad-m6n'-!sh. v. a. To counsel before the event. Bp. Hall. To FOREADVFSE, fore-ad-vlze'. v.n. To counsel 5 early ; to counsel before the time of action, or the event. Shakspeare. To FOREALLE'GE*, f6re-al-ledje'. v. a. To men- tion or cite before. Fotherby. To FOR EAPPO'INTS, f6re-ap-p6?nt / . v. a. To or- der beforehand. Sherwood. FOREAPPO'lNTMENT*,f6re-ap point'-ment. n.s~ Preordination ; predestination Sherwood 397 FOR FOR O 3 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;- -me, rah ;— pine, pin ; — To FOREARM, fire-arm', v. a. To provide for at- tack or resistance before the time of need. South. To FOREBODES, f6re-b6de'. v. n. [ponebobian, Sax.] To prognosticate ; to foretell. Dry den. To foreknow ; to be prescient of. Dry den. FOREBO'DER, fore-b6de'-&r. n.s. A prognostica- tor ; a soothsayer. L' Estrange. A foreknower. FOREBO'DEMENT*, fore-b6de'-m§nt. n. s. Pre- sagement. FOREBODING*, fore-b6'-d?ng. n. s. Presage 3 per- ception beforehand. Bentley. FOREBY'. f6re-bl'. prep. Near; hard by; fast by. Spenser. To FORECASTS, f6re-kast'. 492. v. «. [fore and cast.'] To scheme ; to plan before execution. Dan. xi. To adjust ; to contrive antecedently. Dryden. To foresee ; to provide against. L' 'Estrange. To FORECAST, f6re-kast'. v.n. To form schemes ; to contrive beforehand. Spenser. FORECAST, f&re'-kast. 492. n. s. Contrivance be- forehand ; antecedent policy. Shakspeare. FORECASTER, f6re-kast'-ur. n. s. One who con- trives beforehand. FORECASTLE, fore'-kas-sl. 405. n. s. In a ship, that part where the foremast stands. Harris. FORECHOSEN, f6re-tsh6'-z'n. part. Pre-elected. FORECI'TED, fore-si'-teU part. Quoted before, or above. Arhdhnot. To FORECLOSE §, f6re-kl6ze'. t>. a. [forclos, old Fr.l To shut up ; to preclude; to prevent. Carew. — To foreclose a mortgage, is to cut off the power of redemption. Blackstone. FORECLOSURE*, f6re-k!6'-zhure. n. s. A depri- vation of the power of redeeming a mortgage. To FORECONCE'IVE*, fore-k6n-seev'. v. n. To preconceive. Bacon. FOREDA'TED* f6re-da'-tgd. part. Dated before the true time. Milton. FOREDECK, f&re'-dgk. n.s. The anteriour part of the ship. Chapman. To FOREDESI'GN, f6re-de-slne'. v. a. To plan be- forehand. Cheyne. To FOREDETF'RMINE*, f6re-de-ter'-min. v. a. To decree beforehand. Bp. Hopkins. To FOREDO'. See To Fordo. To FOREDOOM S, f6re-d66m'. v. a. [fore and doom.] To predestinate ; to determine beforehand. Dryden,. FOREDO'OM* f6re-do6m'. n. s. Judgement. Sack- ville. FOREDOOR*, f6re-d6re'. n.s. [pope-bupe, Sax.] A door in the front of a house. FOREE'LDER*, fore-el'-dur. n.s. [fore and elder.] An ancestor. FOREE'ND, f6re'-end. n. s. The anteriour part. Shaksmare. FOREFA'THER, fore-fa'-TH&r. n.s. Ancestor ; one who in any degree of ascending genealogy pre- cedes another. Hooker. To FOREFE'ND, fire-fend', v. a. [fore or for and defend.] To prohibit; to avert. Sliakspeare. To pro- vide for ; to secure. Shakspeare. FOREFPNGER, fore'-flng-gfir. n.s. The finger next to the thumb ; the index. Peacham. FOREFOOT, fore'-f fit. n. s. p)m. forefeet. The an- teriour foot of a quadruped. Peaclmm. FOREFRONT*, fdre-fr&nt'. n.s. The anteriour front of any thing. Exod. xxviii. FO'REGAME*, f6re'-game. n.s. A first plan; a first game. Whitlock. To FOREGO' S, lore-go', v. a. [for and go.] To quit; to give up; to resign. Spenser. To go be- fore ; to be past, [fore and go.] Shale. To lose. FO'REGOER, f6re-g6'-fir. n. s. Ancestor ; progeni- tor. Shak. One who goes before another. Sidney. A fbrsaker; a quitter. Cotgrave. FOREGROUND, f6re'-grofind. n.s. The part of the field or expanse of a picture which seems to lie before the figures. Dryden. To FOREGUESS* f6re-ges'. v. n. To conjecture. Sherv)Ood. FOREHANDS, fore'-hand. n.s. [fore and hand.] The part of a horse which is before the rider. The chief part. Shakspeare. FOREHAND, fore'-hand. a. Done sooner than is regular. Shakspeare. FOREHANDED, fore'-hand-ed. a. Early ; time- ly. Bp. Taylor. Formed in the foreparts. Dnjden. FOREHEAD, f&r'-hed. 515. n.s. That part of the face which reaches from the eyes upward to the hair. Slwk. Impudence ; confidence ; assurance. Bp. Hall. I To FOREHE'AR*, f6re-heer'. v.n. To be informed ] before. Trag. of Soliman and Perseda. !ToFOREHE>ND*,f&re-h8nd / .i>.a. [fore and hend.] I To seize. Spenser. To FOREHE'W*, f6re-hu'. i>, a. To cut in front. Sackvilk. \ FOREHOLDING, fdre-h6ld'-fng. n.s. Predictions; I ominous accounts. L'Estrange. ! FO'REHORSE*, f6re'-h6rse. n. s. The foremost I horse of a team. Beaumont and Fletclier. ! FOREIGN §, for'-m. a. [ forain, Fr.] Not of this j country ; not domestick. ' Atterbury. Alien ; re- l mole ; not allied. Addison. Excluded ; not ad- I mitted 5 held at a distance. Shak. [In law.] A ! foreign plea, placitum forinsecum ; as being a plea out of the proper court of justice. Extraneous ; adventitious in general. Phillips. FOREIGNER, for'-rln-ur. n.s. A man that comes from another country; not a native ; a stranger. Denham. FOREIGNNESS, for'-rfn-nes. n.s. Remoteness; want of relation to something. Locke. To FOREIMA'GINE, f6re-?m-mad'-j?n. v. a. To conceive or fancy before proof. Camden. To FOREJUDGES, f&re-jfidje'. v. a. To judge be forehand ; to be prepossessed. Sherwood. FOREJU'DGEMENT*, fore-jfidje'-ment. n. s. Judgement formed beforehand. Spenser. To FOREKNOWS, f6re-n6'. v. a. To have pre- science of; to foresee. Raleigh. FOREKNO'WABLE, fore-n6'-a-bl. a. Possible to be known before they happen. More. FOREKNO'WER*,f6re-n6'-ur. n.s. He who knows what is to happen. Stapleton. FOREKNOWLEDGE, fire-n&l'-Mje. n.s. Pre- science ; knowledge of that which has not yet hap- pened. Hooker. FOREL*, f6'-rel. n.s. [forellus, Lat.] A kind of parchment used for covers of account books. Book of Common Prayer, 1549. FORELAND, f6re'-land. n.s. A promontory; head- land ; high land jutting into the sea ; a cape. Milton. To FORELA'Y, f6re-la'. v. a. To lay wait for ; to entrap by ambush. Dryden. To contrive antece- dently ; to prevent. Bp. Hall. FORELE'ADER*, f6re-le'-dfir. n. s. One who leads others by his example. Gascoigne. To FO'RELEND*, f6re-lend'. v. a. To give before- hand. Spenser. Ob. T. To FORELIFT, f6re-Hft'. v. a. To raise aloft an) anteriour part. Spenser. FORELOCK, f6re'-lok. n. s. The hair that grows from the forepart of the head. Millon. To FORELO'OK*, f6re-l6ok'. v.n. To see before hand. B. Jonson. FOREMAN, fore'-man. 99. n. s. The first or chief person. Addison. FOREMAST*,. f6re'-mast. n.s. The first mast of a ship towards the head. FOREMAST Man*, n.s. One that furls the sails, and takes his course at the helm. Chambers. FOREME'ANT*, f6re-ment'. part. Intended before- hand. B. Jonson. FOREME'NTIONED, f6re-men'-shund. d. Mention- ed or recited before. Addison. FORE MOST §, f6re'-m6st. a. [from fore.] First in place. Sidney. First in dignity. Dryden. FOREMOSTLY*, f6re'-m6st-le. ad. Among the foremost. Old Ballad of Jephthah. FOREMOTHER*, fore-muTH'-ur. n. s. A female ancestor. Bp. Prideanx. 393 FOR FOR -no, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tub, bull ; — 5il ;— p6und ;— thm, th'i FORENA'MED, fore-namd'. a. Nominated before. B. Jonson. FORENOON, fore'-noon. n.s. The time of day reckoned from the middle point, between the dawn and the meridian, to the meridian. Sidney. FORENOT1CE, fore-ifo'-tis. ». s. Information of an event before it happens. Rymer. FORENSICK, f6-ren-sik.*a. [forensis, Lat.] Be- longing- to courts of judicature. Locke. 7\) FOREORDAIN^ fore-dr-dW'. v. a. To pre- destinate ; to predetermine 5 to preordain. Hooker. FOREORDINATION*, fore-or-de-na'-shun. n. s. Predetermination. Dr. Jackson. FO REPART, fore'-part. n.s. The part first in time. Raleigh. The part anteriour in place. Ray. FOREPA'SSED, ; fA , t/ I part. a. Passed be- FOREPA'ST, \ ^re-past', y fore & certajn time. Sackville. FOREPOSSE'SSED,fore-p6z-zest'. a. Holding for- merly in possession. Knight. Pre-occupied ; pre- possessed. Bp. Sanderson. FOREPRO'MISED*, fore-prom'-lst. part. a. Prom- ised beforehand. Bp. Hall. To FORE PRIZE*, fire-prize', v. a. To rate be- forehand. Hooker. FC^RERANK, fore'-rangk. 408. n.s. First rank; front. Shakspeare. To FORERE ACH*, fore-reetsh'. «. n. [In naval language.] To sail better than another ship ; to get before it. To FORERE'AD§*, fore,-reed'. v. n. [fore and read.] To signify by tokens. Spenser. FORERE'ADING*, fore-reed'-lng. ».*. Previous perusal. Hales. FORERECI'TED, fore-re-sl'-t§d. a. .Mentioned be- fore. Shakspeare. FOREREME'MBEBED*, fore-re-mem'-bfird. part, a. Called to mind, or mentioned before. Mountao-u. FO RERIGHT §*, fore'-rlte. ad. Right forward ; on- ward. Beaumont and Fletcher. FORERIGHT*, f6re'-rlte. a. Ready; forward; quick. Massinger. To FORERU N§. fire-run', v. a. [fore and run.] To come before as an earnest of something following. Sliak. To precede ; to have the start of. Graunt. FORERUNNER, fore-run'-nur. n.s. A harbinger; a messenger sent before to give notice of the ap- proach of those that follow. Sliak. An ancestor; a predecessor. Shak. A prognostick ; a sign fore- showing any thing. Milton. FO RESAID*, fore-s£d'. part. a. Described or spoken of before. Sliakspeare. FORESAIL*, fore'-sale. n.s. The sail of the fore- mast. To FORESA'Y §, fore-sa'. ». a. [fore and say.] To oredict ; to prophesy ; to foretell. Sliakspeare. F6RESA'YING* fore-sa'-ing. n.s. A prediction. Sherwood. To FORESE'ES, fore-see', v. a. To see beforehand ; to see what has not yet happened. Spenser. To provide for. Bacon. FORESE'ER* fore-seer', n. s. One who foresees. Lord Halifax. ' To FORESE'IZE* fore-seez'. v. a. To grasp be- forehand. Tate. To FORESHA'DOW* fore-shad'-6. v. a. To fore- signify, to typify. Barrow. To FO'RESHA'ME, fore-shame', v. a. To shame ; to bring- reproach upon. To FORESHE'W $,fore-sh6'.r.a. [-pone-rceapian, Sax.] To predict; to represent before it comes. Wisdom, xviii. See To Foreshow. FORESH'EW* fore-sh6'. n. s. A sign ; that by which any thing is foreshown. Fairfax. FORESHE'WER*, fore-sh6'-ur. n. s. One who predicts a thing. Spenser. FO'RESHIP, fore'-shlp. n. s. [fore and ship.] The anteriour part of the ship. Acts, xxvii. To FORESHO'RTEN$, fore-shSrt'-tn. v. a. To shorten figures for the sake of showing those be- hind. FORESHO'RTENING*, f6re-shSrt'-tn-ing. n.s. The act of shortening figures for the sake of show- ing those behind. Dryaen. To FORESHO'W, fore-sh6'. v. a. [fore and show.] To discover before it happens ; to predict. Hooker. To represent before it comes. Hooker. FO'RESIDE*, fore'-slde. n. s. Superficial appear- ance ; outside. Spenser. FO RESIGHT §, fore'-she. n. s. Prescience ; prog nostication; foreknowledge. Milton. Provident care of futurity. Spenser. FORESI'GHTFUL, fore-sUV-rul. a. Prescient; provident. Sidney. To FORESIGNIFY, fore-sfg'-ne-fl. v. a. [fore and signify.] To betoken beforehand ; to foreshow ; to typify. Hooker. FORESKIN, fore' skin. n.s. [fore and skin.] The prepuce. Cowley. ' O'RESKIRT, fore- keVt'. n. s. The pendulous or loose part of the coat before. Slmlcspeare. To FORESLA'CK, fore-slak'. v. a. [fore and slack.] To neglect by idleness. Spenser. To FORESLO'W §, fore-sW. v. a. [fore and slow.] To delay; to hinder; to impede. Fairfax. To neglect ; to omit. Bacon. To FORESLO'W, fore-sl6'. v. n. To be dilatory ; to loiter. Shakspeaie. ToFORESPE'AKS, fore-speke'. v.n. [fore and speak.] To predict ; to foresay. Beaum. and Fl. To forbid. Shakspeare. To bewitch. Drayton. FORESPE'AKLNG*, fore-speekMng. n.s. A pre- diction. Camden. A preface ; a forespeech. Hu- loet. FO'RESPEECH*. fore'-speetsh. n. s. A preface. Sherwood. FOPwESPE'NT, fore-spent', a. Forepassed; past. Spenser. Bestowed before. Shak. Wasted ; tired ; spent. Shakspeare. FORESPU'RRER, fore-spur'-ur. n. s. [fore and spur] One that rides before. Shakspeare. FO'REST §, for'-resl. n. s. [forest, Fr.] A wild, un- cultivated tract of ground interspersed with wood. Hooker. [In law.] A certain territory of woody f rounds and fruitful pastures, privileged for wild easts, and fowls of forest, chase, and warren, to abide in, in the safe protection of the king, for his; pleasure. Cowel. FO'REST*, foV-rest. a. Sylvan ; rustick. Sir G. Buck. FO'REST AFF*, fore'-stif. n. s. [fore and staff.] An instrument used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies. FO'RESTAGE*. ftV-rest-Idje. n. s. [forestage, Fr.] An ancient service paid by foresters to the king 5 also, the right of foresters. To FOREST A'LL §, fore-stawl'. 406. v.a. [pope- rfcallan, Sax.] To anticipate ; to take up before- hand. Herbert. To hinder by pre-occupation or pre- vention. Spenser. To seize or gain possession of before another. Spenser. To deprive by something prior. Shakspeare. FORESTA'LLER, fore-stawl'-ur. n. s. One that anticipates the market. One that purchases be- fore others to raise the price. Locke. FORESTBO'RN, for'-rest-b6rn. a. Born in a wild. Shakspeare. FORESTED* for'-rest-ed. a. Supplied with trees. Drayton. FO'RESTER, foV-res-tur. n. s. [forestier, Fr.] An officer of the forest. Shakspeare. An inhabitant of the wild country. Evelyn. One who understands the nature and the laws' of forests. Howell. A for- est-tree. Evelyn. FO'RESWART, fore'-swort. )a. [of for and swat, FO'RESWAT, fore'-swot. $ from sweat.] Spent with heat. Sidney. To FORETA'STE $, lore-taste', v. a. To have ante- past of; to have prescience of. To taste before another. Milton. FO'RETASTE, fore'-taste. 492. n. s. Anticipation of. South. FORETA'STER*, fore-taste'-dr. n. s. One that tastes before another. Sherwood. FOR FOR ItT 559.- -Fate far, fall, fat; —me, met ;- —pine pin ;— To FORETE'ACH*, fore-teetsh'. ». a. To teach before ; to inculcate aforetime. Spenser. To FORETE'LL, fore-teT. 406. v. a. pret. and part, pass, fo/vlold. [fore and tell.] lo predict; to prophesy. ShaL To foretoken ; to foreshow. Dr. Warton, To FORETE'LL, fore-tel'. v.n. To utter prophecy. Acts, iii. FORETE'LLER, fore-tel'-lfir. n.s. Predicter; fore- shower. Boyle. FORETE'LL ING*, fore-tgl'-ling. n.s. A declara- tion of something' future. Felthavi. ToFORETHl'NKS, f6re-lhhgk'. v. a. To antici- pate in the mind ; to have prescience of. Shak. To contrive antecedently. Bp. Hall. To FORETHriNiV, f6re-;/imgk' . v. n. To contrive beforehand. Smith. FORETHOUGHT, fore'-tfiawt. 492. n. s. Pres- cience; anticipation. L'Estrange. Provident care. Blackstone. FORETHOUGHT* fbre-thhwt' . a. Prepense. Ba- con. FORETO'KENy, f&re-tc-'-k'n. n.s. [pope-tacn, Sax.] Prevenient sign ; prognostick. Camden. To FORETO'KEN, ?6re-t6'-k r n. v. a. To foreshow; to prognosticate as a sign. Daniel. FORETOO'TH, fore'-toStft. n. s. The tooth in the anteriour part of the mouth ; the incisor. Ray. FO RETOP, f6re'-t6p. n. s. That part of a woman's head-dress that is forward, or the top of a periwig. The top of men's hair fantastically frizzled or shaped. B. Jonson. FOREVOU'CHED^ore-voutsh'-eU 359. part, [fore and vouch,'] Affirmed before ; formerly told. Shak. FO'REWARD, f6re'-ward. n.s. The van; the front. 1 Mac. ix. To FOREWA'RN, fire-warn', v. a. [fore and warn.] To admonish beforehand. St. Luke, xii. To inform previously of any future event. Milton. To caution against any thing beforehand. Shakspeare. To FOREWA'STE. See To Forwaste. To FOREWE'ARY. See To Forweary. To FOREWE'ND*, f6re-wend'. v. a. [fore and wend.] To go before. Spenser. FO'REWIND*, fore'-wind. n.s. A favourable wind. Sandys. To FOREWI'SH, fore-wish', v. a. To desire before- hand. Knolles. FORE WO RN, f6re-w6rn'. part. Worn out; wasted by time or use. Sidney. FO'RFEIT §, f6r'-fft. 255. n. s. [forfait, Fr.] Some- thing lost by the commission of a crime ; a fine ; a mulct. Shak. Something deposited, and to be re- deemed by a jocular fine, whence the game of for- feits. R. J. Thorn. A person obnoxious to punish- ment. Shakspeare. To FO'RFEIT, fSr'-flt. v. a. To lose by some breach of condition; to lose by some offence. Davies. FO'RFEIT, f6r'-fit. part. a. Liable to penal seiz- ure ; alienated by a crime. Shakspeare. FORFEITABLE, fdr'-flt-a-bl. a. Possessed on con- ditions, by the breach of which any thing may be lost. Crowe. FO'RFEITER*, for'-f?t-ur. n.s. One who incurs punishment, by forfeiting his bond. Shakspeare. FO'RFEIT URE, f6r'-flt-yure. n.s. [forfaiture, Fr.] The act of forfeiting. The thing forfeited ; a mulct; a fine. Bacon. To FORFE'NDf, for-fend'. v. a. To prevent; to forbid. FWRFEX*, foV-feks. n. s. [Lat.] A pair of scis- sors. Pope. FORGA'VE, for-gave'. The preterit of forgive. FORGES, forje. n.s. [forge, Fr.] The place where iron is beaten into form. Milton. Any place where any thing is made or shaped. Hooker. Manufac- ture of metalline bodies. Bacon. To FORGE, forje. v. a. To form by the hammer; to beat into shape. Chapman. To make by any means. Locke. To counterfeit ; to falsify. Shak. FO'RGER, f6re'-jur. n. s. One who makes or forms. Drayton. One who counterfeits any thing West. §£r This word is sometimes, but without the least foun- dation in. analogy, written for gerer. If it should be urged, that the word comes from the French verb for- ger, and therefore, like fruiterer from frutier, we add an er to make it a verbal noun ; it may be answered, that we have the word to forge in the same sense as the French, but we have no verb to fruit, and therefore there is an excuse for adding er in the last word which has no place in the former. TV. FO'RGERY, f&re'-j&r-e. n. s. The crime of falsifi- cation. Swift. Smith's work ; the act of the forge Milton. . To FORGE T£, fdr-get'. v. a. preter. forgot ; part. forgotten, or forgot, [popgecan, Sax.] To lose memory ol ; to let go from the remembrance. Shak. Not to attend ; to neglect. Isaiah, xlix. #y* The o, in this and similar words, is like that in for- bear — which see. W. FORGE'TFUL, for-get'-f&l. a. Not retaining the memory of. Beaum. and Fl. Causing oblivion; oblivious. Dryden. Inattentive ; negligent ; neg- lectful ; careless. Heb. xiii. FORGE'TFULNESS, for-get'-ful-ngs. n. s. Obli- vion ; cessation to remember ; loss of memory. Shak. Negligence; neglect; inattention. Hooker. FO'RGET IVE, fore'-je-tiv. a. [from forge.] That may forge or produce. Peculiar to Shakspeare. FORGE'TTER, f6r-geV-tur. n.s. One that forgets. Beaumont and Fletcher. A careless person. FORGE'TTING*, for-get'-Ung. n.s. Inattention; forgetfulnes«. Milton. FORGE'TTINGLY*, fSr-get'-tfng-le. ad. Without attention ; forgetfully. B. Jonson. FORGIVABLE** for-glv'-a-bl. a. That may be pardoned. Slverwood. To FORGI'VE $, fdr-glv'. 157. v. n. [rop^ipan, Sax.] To pardon; not to punish. Shale. To par- don a crime. Isa. xxxiii. To remit; not to exact debt or penalty. St. Matt, xviii. FORGI'VENESS, fdr-grv'-nes. n. s. [pop$ipen- neppe, Sax.] The act of forgiving. Dan. ix. Par- don of an offender. Dryden. Pardon of an offence. South. Tenderness; willingness to pardon. Sprat, Remission of a fine, penalty, or debt. FORGI'VER, for-glv'-ur. n.s. One who pardons. To FORGO'*. See To Forego. FORGO'T, fSr-g&t'. Ppart. pass, of FORGOTTEN^ fdr-g&t'-tn. 103. $ forget. Not re- | membered. Deal. xxxi. To FORHA'IL, f6r-hale'. v. a. [pop-healban, Sax.] To draw or distress. Spenser. Ob. J. To FORHE'ND* See To Forehend. ! FORI'NSECAL*, fo-rin'-se-kal. a. [forinsecus, Lat.] Foreign ; alien. To FORISFAMI'LIATE*, fo-rls-fa-mil'-e-ate. v. a. [foris and familia, Lat.] To put a son in posses- sion of land in the life-time of his father. Blackstone. FORK §, fSrk. n. s. [pope, Sax.] An instrument di- vided at the end into two or more points or prongs. 1 Sam. xiii. The point of an arrow. Shak. A point. Addison. A gibbet, [furca, Lat.] Butler. To FORK, f6rk. v. n. To shoot into blades, as corn does out of the ground. Mortimer. FO'RKED, foV-keU 366. a. Opening into two or more parts. Sliak. Having two or more meanings. B. Jonson, FO'RKEDLY, for'-ked-le. ad. In a forked form. Sliervwod. FO'RKEDNESS, for'-ked-nes. n. s. The quality of opening into two parts or more. Cotgrave. FO'RKHEAD, fork'-hed. n. s. Point of an arrow. Spenser. FO'RKINESS*, fork'-e-nes. n. s. A fork-like divis ion. Cotgrave. FO'RKTAIL* f6rk'-tale. n. s. A young salmon, in his fourth year's growth. FO'RKY, for'-ke. a. Forked; furcated; opening into two parts. Addison. To FORLA'Y*. See To Forelay. To FORLE'ND*. See To Forelend. 400 FOR FOR — ni, move, nir, not ;— tube, tub, bull ; — ill ; — pound ;— Min, FORLORE, fir-lire', a. Deserted: forsaken. Spar- ser. Ob. J. FORLORN $, forlorn', a. frop.oren, Sax.] De- serted ; destitute; forsaken; wretched; helpless; solitary. Spenser. Taken away. Chancer. Small; despicable : in a ludicrous sense. Shakspeurc. $£r This word is sometimes, but improperly, pronounced so us to rhyme with mourn. Mr. Sheridan", Dr. Kenrick, Mr. S"ott, Mr. I'erry, and W. Johnston, make it rhyme with corn. W. FORLO'RN, fir-lim'. n.s. A lost, solitary, forsaken person. Shak. — Forlorn hope. The soldiers who are sent first to the attack, and arc therefore doom- ed or expected to perish. Hammond. FORLORNNESS, fir-lirn'-ngs. n. s. Destitution ; misery: solitude. Boyle.' 7V>FORLY'E, fir-li'. v.n. To lie before. Spenser. FORM 9, firm, or form. n. s. [forma, Lat.] The ex- ternal appearance of any thing-; representation; shape. Job, iv. Being 1 , as modified by a particu- lar shape. Dryden. Particular model or modifi- cation. Locke. Beauty; elegance of appearance. ha. liii. Regularity; method; order. Sliak. Ex- ternal appearance, without the essential qualities; empty show. Dryden. Ceremony ; external rites. Bacon. Slated method; established practice ; ritual and prescribed mode. Hooker. A long seat. Walts. A class; a rank of students. Dryden. The seat or bed of a hare. Sidney. The essential, specifical, or distinguishing modification of matter, so as to give it a peculiar manner of existence. Hooker. A for- mer cause ; that which gives essence. Bacon. £c5= When this word signifies a long seat or a class of students, it is universally pronounced with the o as in four, more. &c. It is not a little surprising, that none j of our dictionaries, except Mr. Smith's and Mr. Nares', take any notice of this distinction in the sound of the o, when the word signifies a seat or class. It were to be wished, indeed, that wo had fewer of these ambiguously sounding words, which, while they dis- tinguish to the ear, confuse and puzzle the eye. — See Bowl. W. To FORM, form. v. a. [fonno, Lat.] To make out of materials. Gen. vii. To model to a particular shape or state. Milton. To modify ; to scheme ; to plan. Dryden. To arrange; to combine in any particular manner : as, He formed his troops. To adjust; to settle. Decay of Piety. To contrive; to coin. Decay of Piety. To model by education or institution. To seat. Drayton. To FORM*, firm, v. n. To take any particular form. FO'RMAL$, fir'-mal. 88. a. [formedis, Lat.] Cere- 1 monious ; solemn ; precise ; exact to affectation. ' Bacon. Done according to established rules and methods ; not sudden. Hooker. Regular ; method- ical. Waller. External ; having the appearance, but not the essence. Dryden. Depending upon establishment or custom. Pope. Having the power of making any thing what it is; constituent; es- sential. Holder. Retaining its proper and essen- tial characteristick ; regular ; proper. S'nakspeare. FORMALIST, fir'-mal-lst. n.s. [formalist, Fr.] One who practises external ceremony; one who prefers appearance to reality. Bacon. An advo- cate for form in disputations. Lord Shaftesbury. FORMALITY, fir-mal'-e-te. n.s. [formalite, Fr.] Ceremony; established mode of behavioui. Hook- er. Solemn order, method, mode, habit, or dress. Dnjden. External appearance. Glanville. Es- sence ; the quality by which any thing is what it is. S(illin-iLad.[lia\.-] [In musick.] Loudly, with strength and spirit. FORTED, fort'-ed. a. Furnished or guarded by forts. Shakspeare. Ob. J. FORTH $, forth, ad. [popS, Sax.] Forward ; onward in time. Spenser. Forward in place or order. Whitgift. Abroad ; out of doors. Dry den. Out away j beyond the boundary of any place. Spenser. Out into publick view. Peacham. Thoroughly ; from beginning to end. Shak. To a certain degree. Hammond. On to the end. Memoir in Strype. Away ; be gone ; go forth. Beaumont and Fletclw. FORTH, [6nlt. prep. Out of. Shakspeare. FORTH*, forth, n.s. [fort, Su. Goth.] A way. Ob. T. FORTHCOMING, iortfi-k&m'-ing. a. [foiih and coming.'] Ready to appear ; not absconding. Shak. To FORTHFNK* f6r-*/imgk'. tf. a. To repent of j to unthink. Spenser. FORTHFSSUING, fbiih-kh'-shh-hg. a. Coming out ; coming forward from a covert. Pope. FORTHRFGHT, f&rf/i-rlle'. ad. Straight forward 3 without flexions. Sidney. Ob. J. FORTHRFGHT, forth-rke'. n. s. A straight path. Shakspeare. FORTHWARD*, iOrf/i'-ward. ad. Forward. Bp. Fisher. FORTHWFTH, fovth-wW.ad. Immediately ; with- out delay 5 at once 3 straight. Sjienser. §Cf TH, in with t at the end of this word, is pronounced with the sharp sound, as in thin, contrary to the sound of those letters in the same word when single. The same may be observed of the/ in whereof. 377. W. FORTHY*, fov'-thk. ad. [popol, Sax.] Therefore. Spenser. Ob. T. FORTIETH, for'-ie-kh. 279. a. The fourth tenth ; next after the thirty-ninth. Donne. Swift. FORTIFIABLE, tSr'-te-fl-a-bl. a. What may be fortified. Cotgrav>e. FORTIFICATION, for-te-fe-ka'-shun. n.s. The science of military architecture. Harris. A place built for strength. Sidncij. Addition of strength. Government of the Tongue. FORTIFIER, for'-te-fl-ur. n. s. One who erects works for defence. Carew. One who supports or secures. Sidney. To FORTIFY ^for'-ie-fl. v. a. [fortifier, Fr.] To strengthen against attacks by walls or works. Ec- clus.X To confirm ; to encourage. Sidney. To fix ; to establish in resolution. Locke. FORTILAGE, for'-til-aje. n. s. A little fort ; a blockhouse. Spenser. FOR TIN, ftrt'-in. n.s. [Fr.] A little fort. Shak. FORTITUDE, fSr'-te-tude. n. s. [fortitudo, Lat.] Courage ; bravery. Locke. Strength 5 force. Shak. FORTLET, fort'-let. n. s. A little fort. FO'RTNIGHT, fort'-nlte. 144. n. s. [contracted from fourteen nights.'} The space of two weeks. Sidney. FORTRESS §, fdr'-tres. n.s. [forteresse, Fr.] A strong hold ; a fortified place. Locke. To FORTRESS*, f6r'-tres. v. a. To guard ; to for- tify. Shakspeare. FORTUITOUS $, f6r-tu'-e-tus. 463. a. [fortuitus, Lat.] Accidental ; casual. Ray. $*r The reason that the t, in this word and its compounds, does not take the hissing sound, as it does in fortune, is, because the accent is after it, 463. W. FORTUITOUSLY, ffir-uV-e-tus-le. ad. Accident- ally ; casually ; by chance. Rogers. FORTUITOUSNESS, fdr-tu'-e-tfis-nSs. n.s. Acci- dent j chance j hit. FORTUITY*, for-uV-e-te. n.s. Chance 5 accident Forbes. FO'RTUNATE, foV-tshu-nate. a. Lucky ; happy j successful. Shakspeare. FORTUNATELY, for'-tshu-nate-le. ad. Happily ; successfully. Prior. FORTUNATENESS^or'-tshu-nate-nSs. n. s. Hap piness; good luck; success. Sidney. FORTUNE §, for'-tshiine. 461. n. s. [fortuna, Lat.] The power supposed to distribute the lots of life according to her own humour. Shak. The good or ill that befalls man. Berdley. The chance of life; means of living. Swift. Success, good or bad; event. Temple. Esta«e ; possessions. Sluxk. The portion of a man or woman : generally of a woman. Spectator. Futurity; future events. Cowley. To FORTUNE*, foV-tshune. v. a. To make fortu- nate. Chaucer. To dispose of fortunately or not. Chaucer. To presage. Dry den. To FORTUNE, for'-tshune. v. n. To befall ; to fall out ; to happen; to come casually to pass. Spenser. FORTUNED, ior'-tshund. 359. a. Supplied by for- tune. Sliakspeare. FORTUNEBOOK, fdr'-tshun-boSk. n.s. A book consulted to know fortune. Crasliaw. FORTUNEHUNTER,f6r'-tshuii-hun-tur. n.s. A man whose employment is to inquire after women with great portions, to enrich himself by marrying them. Spectator. FORTUNELESS*, f6fMshun-lgs. a. Luckless. Spenser. Without an estate ; without a portion. To FORTUNETELL, f6r'-tshun-tel. v. n. To pre- tend to the power of revealing futurity. Shak. To reveal futurity. Cleaveland. FORTUNETELLER, forMshun-tel-lur. n. s. One who cheats common people by pretending to the knowledge of futurity. Bacon. To FORTUNIZE*, f8r'-tshun-lze. v. a. To regu- late the fortune of. Spenser. FORTY §, fcV-te. 182. a. [peopepti^, Sax.] Four times ten. Shakspeare. FO'R UM, f^-r&m. 544. n. s. [Lat.] Any publick place. Watts. To FORWARDER $, for-wan'-dur. v.n. To wan- der wildly and wearily. Spenser. FORWA'NDERED*, f6r-wan'-dfird. a. Lost; be- wildered. Mirror for Magistrates. FORWARD §, for'-ward. 88. ad. [poppeapb, Sax.] Towards ; to a part or place before ; onward ; pro- gressively. Spenser. FORWARD, foV-ward. a. Warm ; earnest. Gal ii. Ardent; eager; hot; violent. Prior. Ready; confident ; presumptuous. Dryden. Not reserved ; not over modest. Shak. Premature; early ripe. Shak. Quick ; ready ; hasty. Locke. Antecedent ; anteriour. Shak. Not behindhand ; not inferiour. Shakspeare. To FORWARD, foY-vvard. v. a. To hasten ; to quicken ; to accelerate in growth or improvement. Bacon. To patronise ; to advance. FORWARDER, f6r / -war-dur. n. s. He who pro- motes any thing. Slierwood. FORWARDLY, ffir'-ward-le. ad. Eagerly ; hastily; quickly. Atterbunj. FORWARDNESS, fcV-ward-nes. n.s. Eagerness ardour ; readiness to act. Hooker. Quickness ; readiness. Wotton. Earliness ; early ripeness. Confidence ; assurance ; want of modesty. Addi- son. FORWARDS, fdr'-wardz. ad. Straight before, progressively ; not backwards. Arbuthnot. To FORWA^STE^dr-waste'. v. a. To desolate ; to destroy. Spenser. Ob. J. To FORWE'ARY, f6r-we'-re. v. a. To dispirit with labour. Spenser. FORWORD*, fdr'-wfird. n. s. [poppypb, Sax.] A promise. Clumcer. Ob. T. FOSS$, fos. n. s. [fossa, Lat.] A ditch; a moat Warton. FO'SSET. See Faucet. 402 FOU FOU -n6, move, nor, ndt ; — tube, tub, bull ; — 6'fl ; — pound; — thin, tiu FOSSWAY, ftV-wa. n. s. [foss and www.] One of the great Roman roads through England, so called from the ditches on each side. FO SSIL j, fos'-sil. a. [fossilis, Lat.] Which may be dug out of the earth. Woodward. FO SSIL, fos'-sil. 7i. s. Many bodies, dug out of the bowels of the earth, are called /os«7*. Locke. FOSSILIST*, fos'-se-l'ist. n.s. One who studies the nature of fossils. Johnson. To FO'STER$ ; fos'-tftr. 98. v. a. [porfcman, Sax.] To nurse ; to feed ; to support. Shak. To pamper 5 to encourage. Sidney. To cherish ; to forward. Thomson. To FOSTER* ffls'-tfir. v.n. To be nursed, or train- ed up together. Spenser. FOSTER*, fos'-tur. n. s. A forester. Spenser. FOSTERAGE, fos'-tfir-fdje. 90. n. s. The charge of nursing; alterage. Raleigh. FO'STERBROTHER, ffis'-tfir-br&TH-ur. n. s. One bred at the same pap. Beaumont and Fletcher. FO'STERCHILD, f6s / -tfir-tshlld. n. s. A child nurs- ed by a woman not the mother, or bred by a man not the father. Varies. FO'STERDAM, fos'-l&r-dam. n.s. [foster and dam.] A nurse ; one that performs the office of a mother. Dm den. FO STEREARTH, fos'-t&r-erf/i. n. s. Earth by which the plant is nourished, though it did not grow at first in it. Phillips. FOSTERER, fos'-tur-ur. n.s. A nurse; one who gives food in the place of a parent. Davies. An encourager; a forwarder. Ascham. FO'STERFATHER, f&s'-tfir-f a-THur. n. s. One who gives food in the place of a father. Davies. FOSTERING*, fos'-tur-frig. n. s. Nourishment. Chaucer. FOSTERLING*, fSs'-tfir-ting. n. s. A foster-child • a nurse-child. B. Jonson. FOSTERMENT* f6s / -tur-ment. n. s. Food ; nour- ishment. Cockeram. Ob. T. FO'STERMOTHER, fds'-t&r-m&TH-fir. n.s. A nurse. Sir M. Sandys. FOSTERNURSE, fos'-tftr-n&rse. n.s. A nurse. Sluikspeare. FO'STERSHIP*, fos'-tur-shlp. n. s. The office of a forester. Clmrton. FO STERSON, fSs'-t&r-s&n. n. s. One fed and edu- cated, though not the son by nature. Dry den. FO STRESS* f6s'-tres. n. s. A nurse. B. Jonson. FO'THER*, fe-TH'-ur. n. s. [poSeji, Sax.] A load ; a large quantity. Clvxucer. FOUGA'DE. foo-gade'. n.s. [Fr.] In the art of war, a sort of little mine in the manner of a well, j dug under some work or fortification. Diet. FOUGHT, fawt. 393, 319. The preterit and parti- ciple of fight. FOUGHTEN, faw'-tn. 103. The passive partici- ple of fight : rarely used. F6ul£ foul. 313. a. [pul, Sax.] Not clean; filthy; dirty; miry. Job,xvi. Impure; polluted; full of filth. Sfutk. Wicked ; detestable ; abominable. St. Mark. Not lawful. Shak. Hateful; ugly; loath- some. Spenser. Disgraceful ; shameful. Milton. Coarse ; gross. Felton. Full of gross humours ; wanting purgation. Shak. Not bright; not serene. St. Matthew. With rough force ; with unseasona- ble violence. Clarendon. [Among seamen.] En- tangled, as, a rope is foul of the anchor. Unfa- vourable; as, a/owZwind. Dangerous; as, the foul ground of a road, sea-coast, or bay. To FOTJL, foul. v. a. (jylan, Sax^J To daub; to be- mire ; to make filthy ; to dirty. Evelyn. To FO'ULDER*. v. n. [fouldroyer', Fr.] To emit great heat. Spenser. FOULFACED, fdul'-faste. 359. a. Having an ugly or hateful visage. Shakspeare. FOULFEEDING*, fouF-feed-fng. a. Gross; of coarse food. Bp. Hall. FOULLY, foul'-le. ad. Filthily; nastily; odiously; scandalously ; shamefully. Hayward. Not lawful- \y ; not fairly. Shakspeare. FOULMOUTHED, foul'-mSuTHd. a. Scurrilous; habituated to the use of opprobrious terms and ept thcts. Addison. FO'ULNLSS, fouF-nes. n.s. The quality of being foul ; filthiness; nastiness. Wi/kins. Pollution ; im- purity. Shak. Halefulness ; atrociousness. B. Jon- son. Ugliness; deformity. Sidney. Dishonesty; want of candour. Hammond. FOULSPOKEN*, f6uF-sp6-kn. a. Contumelious; slanderous. Titus Andronkus. FOUMART*, n. s. [Jul, Su. Goth, and taari.j A polecat. Ascham. FOUND, found. 313. The preterit and participle passive of find.. To FOUNDS, found. 313. v. a. [fundare, Lat.] To lay the basis of any building. Matthew, vii. To build; to raise. Davies. To establish; to erecl. Milton. To give birth or original to; as, Refo/t/ul- ed an art. To raise upon, as on a principle or ground. Locke. To fix firm. Shakspeare. To FOUND, found, v. a. [fundere, Lat.] To form by melting and pouring into moulds ; to cast. Mil- ton. FOUNDATION, fofin-du'-shun. n. s. The basis or lower parts of an edifice. Hooker. The act of fix- ing the basis. Tic/cell. The principles or ground on which any notion is raised. r Tillotson. Origin- al; rise. Hooker. A revenue settled and establish- ed for any purpose, particularly charity. Swift. Establishment; settlement. FOUND A'TIONLESS*, f6un-da/-shun-les. a. With- out foundation. Hammond. FO'UNDER, finV-dur. 98. n. s. A builder; one who raises an edifice. Waller. One who establishes a revenue for any purpose. Bentley. One from whom any thing has its original or beginning. Addison. [Jondeur, Fr.] A caster; one who forms figures b} 7 casting- melted matter into moulds. Grew^ To FO'UNDERS, foiW-ddr. 313. v. a. [fondre, Fr.] To cause such a soreness and tenderness in a horse's foot, that he is unable to set it to the ground. Dor To FOUNDER, fdiV-diir. v. n. To sink to the bot torn. Raleigh. To fail ; to miscarry. Shakspeare To trip ; to fall. Cliaucer. FO'UNDEROUS* fdiV-dur-us. a. Failing; not equal to use. Ruinous. Burke. FOUNDERY, fdtW-dur-e. n. s. A place where figures are formed of melted metal; a casting- house. FOUNDLING, fSund'-mig. n. s. A child exposed to chance ; a ch'ld found without any parent or owner. Sidney. FO'UNDRESS, foun'-dres. n.s. A woman that founds, builds, establishes, causes, or begins, any thing. Warner. A woman that establishes any charitable revenue. Ashmole. FOUNTS, fount. 313. ) n. s. [forts, Lat FOUNTAIN $, f fiuiF-tm. 208. $ fontaine, Fr.] A well ; a spring. Milton. A small basin of spring ing water. Addison. A jet ; a spout of water. Bacon. The head or first spring of a river. Dry- den. Original ; first principle ; first cause. Com- mon Prayer.— [In printing.] A set or quantity of characters or letters. See Fount. FO/UNTA1NHEAD*, fdun'-tm-hgd. n. s. Original ; first principle. Young. FO'UNTAINLESS, fo-uiF-tfn-les. a. Having no fountain ; wanting a spring. Milton. FOUNTFUL, fdftnt'-ffll. a. Full of springs. Chap- man. FOURS, fore. 318. a. [peopeji, Sax.] Twice two. Pope. FOURBE, foorb. 315. n. s. [Fr.] A cheat; a trick- ing fellow. Denham. Ob. J. FOURFOLD, fore'-fold. a. Four times told. 2 Sam. xii. FOURFO'OTED, fore'-fnt-ed. a. Quadruped 5 hav- ing four feet. Dryden. FO'URRLER*, f oSr'-reer. n. s. [fourier, Fr.] A harbinger. Sir G. Buck. FOURSCORE, iore'-skbve. a. [four and score.] Four times twenty ; eighty. Bacon. FRA FRA [LT 559. — Fate, far, fall, fat; — me, met; — pine, pin; — FOURSQUARE, fore'-skware. a. Quadrangular ; having- four sides and angles equal. Rakish. FOURTEEN, fore'-teen. «. [peopeptyn, Sax.] Four and ten ; twice seven. Sliakspeare. FOURTEENTH, fore'-teentf*. a. The ordinal of fourteen ; the fourth after the tenth. Broum. FOURTH, thrik. a. The ordinal of four ; the first after the third. Sliakspeare. FO'URTHL Y, f&rt/i' le. ad. In the fourth place. Ba- con. FOURWHE'ELED, fore'-hweeld. a. Runningupon twice two wheels. Pope. FOUTRA, ffift'-tra. n. s. [/autre, Fr.] A fig ; a scoff. Sliakspeare. Ob. J. FO'UTY*, fooMe. a. [foutu, Fr.] Despicable. FOWL$, foul. 223. u.s. [pu£el, puhl, Sax.] A winged animal ; a bird. Fowl is used collectively : as, We dined upon fish and/m-/. Shakspeare. To FOWL, foul. v,.7i. To kill birds for food or game. Blackstime. FO'WLER, fo&l'-iir. 98. n. s. A sportsman who pur- sues birds. Phillips. FOILING*, fSul'-ing. n. s. Catching birds with birdlime, nets, and other devices ; shooting birds ; | and also falconry or hawking. FO'WLINGPIECE, f6ul''-mg-peese. n. s. A gun for the shooting of birds. Mortimer.. FQX§, f6ks. n.s. [pox, Sax.] A wild animal of the canine kind, remarkable for its cunning, living in holes, and preying upon fowls or small animals. Locke. A knave or cunning fellow. Otway. For- merly, a cant expression for a sword. Shakspeare. To FOX*, f6ks. v. a. [foxa, Su. Goth.] To stupify ; to make drunk. Boyle. FO'XCASE, f6ks'-kase. n. s. A fox's skin. L'Es- trange. FO/XCHASE, foks'-tshase. n. s. The pursuit of the fox with hounds. Pope. FO XERY* . foks'-e-re. n. s. Behaviour like that of j a fox. Chaucer. FO'XEVIL, foks'-e-vl. n. s. A kind of disease in which the hair sheds. FOXFISH, toks'-flsh. n. s. A fish. FO'XGLOVE, foks'-gluv. n. s. A plant. Mller. FOXHOUND*, f oks'-hSund. n. s. A hound for chasing foxes. Slmisfone. FO'XHUNTER, foks'-hunt-ur. n. s. A man whose chief ambition is to show his bravery in hunting foxes. Spectator. FO'XISH*, foks'-Ssh. a. Cunning; artful, like a fox. Tyrwhitl. FO'XLIKE* f&ksMlke. a. Resembling the cunning of a fox. FO'XLY*, foks'-le. a. Having the qualities of a fox. j Mirror for Magistrates. FO'XSHIP, foks'-shlp. n. s. The character of a fox ; ! cunning ; mischievous art. Shakspeare. FO'XTAIL, foks'-uile. n. s. A plant. FO'XTRAP, f 6ks'-trap. n. s. A gin or snare to catch foxes. Tatler. FO'XY*, foks'-e. a. Belonging to a fox. Huloet. Wily as a fox. Ahp. Cramner. FOY,f6e. n.s. [foi, Fr.] Faith; allegiance. Spenser. Oh. J. FOY*, foe. n. s. [foey, Teut.] A feast given by one who is about to leave a place. England's Jests. FO'YSON. SeeFoisoN. To FRACT, frakt. v. a. [fraclus, Lat.] To break ; to violate ; to infringe. Sliakspeare. Ob. J. FRACTIONS, frak'-sh&n. n. s. [f radio, Lat.] The act of breaking ; the state of being broken. Burnet. A broken part of an integral. Brown. FRACTIONAL, frak'-shun-al. 88. a. Belonging to j a broken number. Cocker. FRACTIOUS*, frak'-shus. a. Cross ; peevish ; fret- ful. FRACTURES, frak'-tshiire. 461. n.s. [fractura, Lat.] Breach ; separation of continuous parts. Hale. The separation of the continuity of a bone in living bodies. Herbert. To FRACTURE, frak'-tshure. v. a. To break a bone. Wiseman. To break any thing. Shenstone. FRAGILE §, fradjeMl. 140. a. [fragilis, Lat.] Brit tie ; easily snapped or broken. Bacon. Weak ; uncertain; easily destroyed. Milton. §£T All our orthoepists are uniform in the pronunciation of this word with the a short. W. FRAGILITY, fra-jll'-e-le. n. s. Brittleness ; easi- ness to be broken. Bacon. Weakness ; uncertain- ty. Knoltes. Frailty ; liableness to fault. Wotton FRAGMENT $, frag'-ment. n. s. [fragmentum Lat.] A part broken from the whole ; an imper- fect piece. Dryden. FRAGMENTARY, frag'-men-tar-e. a. Composed of fragments. Donne. FRAG OR, fra'-g6r. 166, 544. [See Drama.] n. s. [Lat.] A noise; a crack; a crash. Sandys. A sweet smell; a strong smell. Sir T. Herbert. Ob. J. FRAGRANCE, fr;V-granse. )n. s. Sweetness of FRAGRANCY, fra'-gran-se. $ smell ; pleasing scent ; grateful odour. Milton. FRAGRANT §, fra'-grant. 544. a. [fragrans, Lat.] Odorous; sweet of smell. Milton. {£/= This word is sometimes, but improperly, heard with the a in the firsL syllable pronounced short. — See Drama. FRAGRANTLY, fra'-grant-le. ad. With sweet scent. Mortimer. FRAIL, frale. 202. «. s. [fraile. old Fr.] A basket made of rushes. Barret. A rush for weaving FRAIL sS frale. a. [fragilis, Lat.] Weak; easily decaying ; subject to casualties ; easily destroyed. Davies. Weak of resolution ; liable to errour or seduction. Bp. Taylor. FRAILNESS, frale'-nes. n. s. Weakness; instabili- ty. Non-is. FRAILTY, frale'-te. n. s. Weakness of resolution ; instability of mind ; infirmity. Locke. Fault pro- ceeding from weakness; sins of infirmity. Law. FRATSCHEUR, fra'-shure. n. s. [Fr.] 'Freshness; coolness. Dry den. FRAISE, fraze. 202. «. s. [Fr.] A pancake with bacon in it. Fraises are pointed stakes in fortifica- tion. To FRAMED, frame, v. a. [ppemman, Sax.] To form or fabricate by orderly construction. Spenser. To fit one to another. Abbot. To make ; to com- pose. Shak. To regulate ; to adjust. Tillotson. To form to any rule or method by study or precept. Shale. To form and digest by thought. Locke. To contrive ; to plan. Clarendon. To settle ; to scheme out. Shakspeare. To invent ; to fabricate. Bacon. To FRAME*, frame, v. n. To contrive, fudges. FRAME, frame, n. s. A fabrick ; any thing construct- ed of various parls or members. Hooker. Any thing made so as to enclose or admit somelhing else. Newton. Order ; regularity ; adjusted series or disposition. Shak. Scheme ; order. Clarendon Contrivance ; projection. SlwJc. Mechanical con struction. Shape ; form ; proportion. Hudibras. FRA'MER, frame/ -ur. 98. n. s. Maker ; former ; con triver ; schemer. Hammond. FRA'MEWORK*, frame'-wurk. n.s. Work done in a frame. Milton.^ FRA 'MING*, fra'-mmg. n. s. A joining together ; as the framing of a house, i. e. the timber-work in it. FRA/MPOLD, frarn/-p6ld. a. Peevish ; boisterous ; rugged ; crossgrained. Haclcei. FRANCHISE §, fran'-tshlz. 140. n.s. Exemption from any onerous duty. Privilege ; immunity ; right granted. Davies. District ; extent of juris- diction. Spenser. To FRANCHISE, fran'-tshlz. v.a. To enfranchise ; to make free. Shak. To possess a right or privilege. Mirror for Magistrates. FRA'NCHISEMENT*, fran'-tshfz-ment. n. s. Re- lease ; freedom. Spenser. FRANCPSCAN*, fran-sis'-kln. n. s. A monk of the order of St. Francis. Weever. FRANCPSCAN*, fran-sls'-kan. a. Relating to the order of St. Francis. Milton. 404 FRA FRK -n6 ; move, ndr, ndt ;— tibe, tab, bull 5— 611 ;— pfiflnd ;— thin, THis. FRA NGIBLE, fran'-je-bl. 405. a. [frango, Lat.] fragile; brittle; easily broken. Boyle. FKA'NION. Iran ; -yun. ». s. A paramour; a boon companion. Spenser. FRANK}, frangk. 408. a. [franc, Fr.] Liberal 3 generous ; not niggardly. Bacon. Open ; ingenu- ous ; sincere ; not reserved. Shak. Without con- ditions ; without payment. Spenser. Not restrain- ed ; licentious. Spenser. Fatted ; in good condi- tion. Bale. FRANK, frangk. n. s. A place to feed hogs in ; a sty. Shak. A letter which pays no postage. Pope. A French coin. To FRANK, frangk. v. a. To shut up in a frank or sty. Shak. To teed high ; to fat 5 to cram. Hoi- inu-shed. To exempt letters from postage. Swift. FRANK ALMOl'GNE, frangk-al-mom'. «. 5. A ten- ure in frankalmoigne , according to Britton, is a tenure by divine service. Ayliffe. FRANKCHA'SE*, frangk-tshase'.n.s. A free chase 5 the liberty of free chase. Howell. FRA'NKINCENSE, frangk' -In-sense. n. s. [frank and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops, of a pale yellowish-white colour ; a strong smell, but not disagreeable; and a bitter, acrid, and resinous taste. Exod. FR A NK1SH*, frangk' -ish. a. Relating to the Franks. Verstegan. FRANKLIN, frangk'-lm. n.s. A freeholder of con- siderable propertv. Spe?iser. FRANKLY, frangk'-le. ad. Liberally; freely; kindly ; readily. St. Luke, vn. Without constraint. Clarendon. Without reserve. Clarendoit. FRA'NKNESS, frangk'-nes. n. s. Plainness of speech ; openness ; ingenuousness. Clarendon. Liberality; bounteousness. Freedom from re- serve. Sidney. FRANKPLEDGE, frangk-pledje'. n.s. [franci- pkgium, Lat.] A pledge or surely for freemen. Cowel. FRANKS*, frangks. n. s. People of Franconia in Germany; and the ancient French. Verstegan. An appellation given by the Turks, Arabs, and Greeks, to all the people of the western parts of Europe. FRA'NTICK$, fran'-flk. a. [corrupted from phrene- tick. SeePHRENETicK.] Mad; deprived of under- standing by violent madness. Spenser. Transport- ed by violence or passion ; outrageous ; turbulent. Hooker. Simply mad. Shakspeare. FRA'NTICKLY, fran'-tlk-le. ad. Madly; distract- edly ; outrageously. Bale. FRA'NTICKNESS, frauV-dk-nes. n.s. Madness; fury of passion ; distraction. Sherwood. FR AT E'RNAL §, fra-ter'-nal. 88. a. [fratemus, Lat.] Brotherly ; pertaining to brothers ; becoming broth- ers. Hammond. FRATE'RNALLY, fra-teV-nal-e. ad. In a brotherly manner. Cotgrave. FRATE'RNITY, fra-ter'-ne-te. n.s. The state or quality of a brother. Body of men united ; cor- poration : society ; association ; brotherhood. L' 'Es- trange Men of the same class or character. South. FRATERNIZATION*, frat-ur-ne-za'-shun. n.s. A sort of brotherhood. Burke. To FRATE'RNIZE*, fra-ier'-nlze. v. n. To concur with ; to be near unto ; to agree as brothers. FRA'TRICIDE, frat'-re-slde. 143. n. s. [fratricidi- um, Lat.] The murder of a brother. Maundrell. One who kills a brother. L, -Addison. FRAUD §, frawd. 213. n. s. [fraus, Lat.] Deceit ; cheat ; trick ; artifice ; subtilty ; stratagem. Mil- ton. Misfortune ; damage. Milton. FRATJDFUL, frawd'-ful. a. Treacherous; artful; trickish ; deceitful ; subtle. SJmkspeare. FRA'UDFULLY, frawd'-ful-le. ad. Deceitfully; artfully; subtly. FRA'UDULENCE, fraw'-du-lense. )n. s. Deceit- FRA'UDULENCY, fraw'-du-len-se. \ fulness ; trick- ishness ; proneness to artifice. Hooker. J£T F° x the propriety of pronouncing the d in these words like j, sea Principles, No. 293, 376. TV. FRAUDULENT, fraw'-do-lent. a. [fraudulentuS, Lai.] Full of artifice ; trickish ; subtle ; deceitful. Milton. Performed by artifice ; deceitful ; treach- erous. Milton. FRA'UDULENTLY^raw'-du-lent-le. ad. By fraud; by deceit ; by artifice ; deceitfully. Woolton. FRAUGHT $, frawt. 393. paHicip.pass. [vrachten, Teut.j Laden ; charged. Shak. Filled ; stored . thronged. Hooker. FRAUGHT, frawt. n. s. [vracht, Teut.] A freight ; a cargo. Shakspeare. To FRAUGHT, frawt. v. a. To load ; to crowd Bacon. FRA'UGHTAGE, fraw'-tldje. n. s. Lading; cargo. Milton. FRAY$, fra. 220. n. s. [ejfrayer, Fr.] A battle ; a fight. Fairfax. A duel; a combat. Denluxm. A broil; a quarrel ; a riot of violence. Stuxkspeare. To FRAY, fra. v. a. To fright ; to terrify. Spenser. To rub : to wear. Tatler. To burnish, as a deer his head, by rubbing. Whalley. FRA'YING* fra'-ing. n. s. Peel of a deer's horn. B. Jonson. FREAK§, freke. 227. n.s. [freka, Icel] A sudden and causeless change of place. A sudden fancy 5 a humour ; a whim ; a capricious prank. Spectator. To FREAK, freke. v. a. [freken, a freckle, or spot.} To variegate ; to chequer. Milton. FRE'AKISH, freke'-lsh. a. Capricious; humor- some. Barrow. FRE'AKISHLY, freke'-lsh-le. ad. Capriciously; humorsomely. FRE'AKISHNESS, freke'-lsh-nes. n. s. Capricious- ness; humorsomeness ; whimsicalness. To FREAM, freem. v. n. [fremere, Lat.] To growl or grunt as a boar. Bailey. FRECKLE §, frek'-kl. 405. n. s. [freken, a mole or spot.] A spot raised in the skin by the sun. Dry- den. Any small spot or discoloration. Evelyn. FRE'CKLED, frek'-kld. 359. a. Spotted ; maculat- ed. Levit. xiii. FRE'CKLEDNESS*, frgk'-kld-nes. n. s. The state of being freckled. Slier-wood. FRE'CKLEFACED*, frek'-kl-faste. a. Having a face full of freckles. Beaumont and Fletcher. FRE'CKLY, freV-kle. a. Full of freckles. Sherwood. FRED. The same with peace. So Frederick is,, powerful or wealthy in peace ; Winfred, victorious peace. Gibson. FREE §, free. 246. a. [pjieah, Sax.] At liberty ; not enslaved. Temple. Uncompelled ; unrestrained, Hooker. Not bound by fate ; not necessitated. Milton. Permitted ; allowed. Milton. Licentious 5 unrestrained. Temple. Open ; ingenuous; frank, Otway. Acquainted ; conversing without reserve, Hakewill. Liberal ; not parsimonious. Pope. Frank ; not gained by importunity ; not purchas- ed. Bacon. Clear from distress. Slia/c. Guiltless ; innocent. Shak. Exempt. Denham. Invested with franchises ; possessing any thing without vas- salage. Dryden. Without expense ; as, a free- school. South. Accomplished; genteel; charm- ing. Chaucer. Ready; eager. Spemer. To FREE, free. v. a. To set at liberty; to rescue from slavery ; to manumit ; to loose. 2 Mace. ii. To rid from ; to clear from any thing ill. Claren- don. To clear from impediments or obstructions. Dryden. To banish ; to send away ; to rid Shak. To exempt. Rom. vi. FREEBO'OTER/ree-bSS'-lur^fre^-boO-tttr^ones.] n. s. A robber ; a plunderer ; a pillager. Bacon. FREEBO'OTING, free-b66'-tlng. n. s. Robbery; plunder. Spenser. FRE'EBORN, free'-b6rn. a. Not a slave ; inheriting- liberty. Acts, xxii. FRE'ECHAPEL, free-tshap'-el. n.s. A chape! of the king's foundation, and by him exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. The king may also license a subject to found such a chapel. Cowel. FREECO'ST, free'-kost. n.s. Without expense; free from charges. South. 405 FRE FRE HT 559.— File, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, p?n To FREE-DE'NIZEN* free-den'-e-zn. v. a. [free and denizen.] To make free. Bp. Hall. FREE-DE'NIZEN* free-deV-e-zn. n.s. A citizen. Dr. Jackson. FRE'EDMAN, freed'-man. n. s. A slave manumit- ted. Dryden. FRE'EDOM, free'-dfim. 166. n. s. Liberty; exemp- tion from servitude ; independence. Spenser. Privi- ' leges; franchises; immunities. Shak. Power of enjoying franchises. Swift. Exemption from fate, necessity, or predetermination. South. Unrestraint. 1 Mace. The state of being- without any particu- lar evil or inconvenience. Law. Ease or facility in doing or showing any thing. Assumed fa- miliarity. FREEFCVOTED, free-fut'-ed. a. Not restrained in the march. Sltakspeare. FREEHE'ARTED, free-har'-ted. a. Liberal; un- restrained. Homilies. FREEHOLD, free'-hftd. n.s. That land or tene- ment which a man holdeth in fee, fee-tail, or for term of life. Cowel. FREEHOLDER, free'-h6l-dur. n. s. One who has a freehold. Davies. FRE'ELY, free'-le. ad. At liberty ; without vassal- age ; without slavery ; without dependence. With- out restraint; heartily. South. Plentifully; lavish- ly. Shak. Without scruple ; without reserve. Pope. Without impediment. Ascham. Without ne- cessity; without predetermination. Milton. Frank- ly; liberally. South. Spontaneously; of its own accord. FRE'EMAN, free'-man. 88. n.s. One not a slave; not a vassal. Locke. One partaking of rights, privi- leges, or immunities. Dryden. FREEMASON*, free-ma'-sn. 170. See Mason. FREEMFNDED, free-minded, a. Unperplexed; without load of care. Bacon. FRE'ENESS, free'-nSs. n. s. The state or quality of being free. More. Openness; unreservedness ; ingenuousness; candour. Dryden. Generosity; liberality. Sprat. FRE'ER*, free'-ur. n. s. One who gives freedom. Sherwood. FREESCHO'OL, free'-skdol. n. s. A school in which learning is given without pay. Davies. FREESPO KEN, free-sp6 / -kn. 103. a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon. FRE'ESTONE, free'-stone. n. s. Stone commonly used in building, so called from its being of such a constitution as lo be wrought and cut freely in any direction. Woodivard. FREETHINKER, fr^Mngk'-ur. n.s. A libertine; a contemner of religion. Addison. FREETHINKING*, fr^e-tfilngk'-lng. n.s. Con- tempt of religion ; licentious ignorance. Bp. Berkeley. FREETO'NGUED*, free-tungd'. a. Accustomed to speak freely and openly. Bp. Hall. FREEWA'RREN*. free-w&V-rm. n. s. [free and tiwren.] A privilege of preserving and killing fame. Blackslom. EEWILL, free-wnK. n. s. The power of direct- ing our own actions without constraint by necessi- ty or fate. Locke. Voluntariness; spontaneity. Ezra, vii. FREEWO'MAN, free'-wfim-un. n.s. A woman not enslaved. 1 Mace. ii. To FREEZE, freeze. 246. v. n. pret. froze, [vrie- son, Dutch.] To be congealed with cold. Ray. To be of that degree of cold by which water is congealed. Shakspeare. To FREEZE, freeze, v. a. pret. froze, part, frozen, or froze. To congeal with cold. Milthn. To kill i by cold. Sliak. To chill by the loss of power or motion. Sltakspeare. To FREIGHTS, frate. 249, 393. v. a. preler. freight- ed ; part, frauglvt, or freiglded. [vrachten, Teut.] To load a ship or vessel of carriage with goods for transportation. Shak. To load as the burthen ; to be the thing with which a vessel is freighted. Shakspeare. FREIGHT, frate. 249. [See Eight.] n.s. Any- thing with which a ship is loaded. Dryden. The money due for transportation of goods. FREIGHTER, frate'-ur. n.s. He who freights a vessel. FREN, frtm. n. s. A stranger. Spenser. Ob. J. FRENCH $*, frensh. n. s. The people of France. Verstes;an. The language of the French. Camden, FRENCH*, frensh. a. Belonging to the French. Ad dison. FRENCH Chalk, frentsh'-tshawk'. n.s. An indu rated clay, extremely dense, of a smooth, glossy surface, and soft to the touch. Woodivard. FRENCH Grass*, n.s. Saint-foin. FRENCH Horn*, n.s. A musical instrument of the wind kind, used in hunting ; and, in modern times, in regular concerts. Graves. To FRENCHIFY, frensh'-e-fl. v. a. To infect with the manner of France ; to make a coxcomb. Cam- den. FRENCHLIKE*, frentsh'-llke. a. Imitating the French fashion. Bp. Hall. FRENETICK, fre-neV-ik, or freV-e-tfk. [See Phrenetics:.] a. [(ppevyraebs.] Mad; distracted. Milton. FRENZICAL*, freV-ze-kal. a. [from frenzy.] Ap- proaching to madness. FRENZY^ freV-ze. n. s. typcviris.] Madness ; dis- traction of mind ; alienation of understanding ; any violent passion approaching to madness. Bentley. FREQUENCE, fre'-kwense. 544. n. s. Crowd; concourse; assembly. Bp. Hall. Repetition. Bp. Hall. \tCr" Some speakers, and those not vulgar ones, pro- nounce the c, in the first syllable of this and the follow- ing words, when the accent is on it, short; as if writ- ten frck-wensc,frek-wently,&c. They have undoubt- edly the short e in the Latin frequens to plead ; and the Latin quantity is often found to operate in angli- cised words of two syllables, with the accent on the first : but. usage, in these words, seems decidedly against this pronunciation. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Mr. Smith, W. John- ston, and, if we may judge by the position of the ac- cent, Dr. Ash and Entick, are for the e long in the first syllable; and Buchanan, only, marks it with the short e. The verb to frequent, having the accent on the second syllable, is under a different predicament. — See Dka- M.4. W. FREQUENCY, fre'-kweW. n. s. Common oc- currence ; the condition of being often seen or done. Atterbury. Concourse; full assembly. B. Jonson. FREQUENT §, fre'-kwent. 492. a. [frequens, Lat.} Often done; often seen; often occurring. Duty of Man. Used often to practise any thing. Swift. Full of concourse. B. Jonson. To FREQUENT, fre-kwent 7 . 492. r. a. [frequenfo Lat.] To visit often ; to be much in any place Spenser. FREQUENTABLE, fre-kwent'-d-bl. a. Conversa ble ; accessible. Sidney. FREQUENTA'TION* fre-kwen-ta'-shfm. n.s. Re sort: the act of visiting. Donne. FREQUENTATIVE, fre-kweV-ta-t?y. a. A gram matical term, applied to verbs signifying the fre quent repetition of an action. FREQUENTER, fre-kwent'-fir. n. s. One who of ten resorts to any place. Dr. Jackson. FREQUENTLY, fre'-kwgnt-le. ad. Often; com- monly ; not rarely. Swift. FRE' SCO, freV-ko. n.s. [ltal.] Coolness; shade; duskiness. Prior. A painting on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry; used for alcoves and other buildings in the open air. Toiler. Sometimes used for any cool, refreshing liquor. FRESH §, fre'sh. a. [pperc, Sax.] Cool ; not vapid with heat. Prior. Not salt. Abbot. New ; not had before. Dryden. New; not impaired by time Beaum. and Fl. In a state like that of recentness, Denham. Recent; newly come. Dryden. Re- paired from any loss or diminution. Dryden. Flor- FRI FRI —no, moAe, u6r, not ;— lube, tu.b, bull 3 — 611 ;— p6und ;—th'm, mis. id ; vigorous ; cheerful ; unladed ; unimpaired. Bacon. Healthy in countenance ; ruddy. Shak. Brisk ; strong ; vigorous. Holder. Fasting : op- posed to eating or drinking. Sweet : opposed to stale or stinking. Raw ; unripe in practice. Sliak. FRESH, fresh, n. s. Water not salt. Shak. A flood, or overflowing of a river. Crutwdl. To FRESH*, fresh, v. a. To refresh. Clxaucer. FRESH-BLOWN*, fresh'-blc-ne. a. Newly blown. Mi/ton. To FRESHEN, fresb.'-sh'n. 103. v. a. To make fresh. Thomson. 7\> FRESHEN, fresh'-sh'n. v.n. To grow fresh. Pope. FRESHET, fresh'-el. 99. n. $. A stream of fresh water. Browne. FRESHFORCE*, fresh-forse'. n.s. [Inlaw.] A force done within forty days. Covad. FRESHLY, fresh'-le. ad. Coolly. Newly ; in the former state renewed. Hooker. With a healthy look ; ruddily. Shakspeare. Gayly. Huloet. FRE SHMAiN*, fresh-man. n.s. A novice ; one in the rudiments of anv knowledge. B. Jonson. FRE SHMANSHIP*, fresh'-man-shlp. n. s. The state of a freshman. Hales. FRESHNESS, fresh'-nes. n. s. Newness ; vigour ; spirit ; the contrary to vapidness. Bacon. Free- dom from diminution by time 5 not staleness. South. Freedom from fatigue ; newness of strength. Hay- ward. Coolness. Bacon. Ruddiness ; colour of health. Granville. ^ Freedom from saltness. FRESHNE'W*, fresh-nu'. a. Wholly unacquainted ; unpractised. Sluzkspeare. FRESHWATER, fresh-wa'-tur. a. Raw; un- skilled; unacquainted. Knolles. FRESH WATERED*, fresh-wa'-turd. a. Sup- plied with fresh water; newly watered. Akensia^. FRET §, fret. n.s. [f rotter, Fr.] A frith, or strait of j the sea, where the water by confinement is always | rough. Brown. Any agitation of liquors by fer- mentation or other saiise. Addison. That stop of the musical instrument which causes or regulates the vibrations of the string. Bacon. Work rising in protuberances. Bacon. Agitation of the mind ; commotion of the temper ; passion. [In heraldry.] A bearing composed of bars crossed and interlaced. To FRET, fret. v. a. To agitate violently by exter- nal impulse or action. Shak. To wear away by rubbing. Newton. To hurt by attrition. Sliak. To corrode; to eat away. Psalm (Comm. Pr.) xxxix. To form into raised work. Milion. To variegate ; to diversify. Sliak. To make angry; to vex. Milton. To FRET, fret. v. n. To be in commotion ; to be agitated. Beaum. and Fl. To be worn away ; to be corroded. Peacham. To make way by attri- tion. Moxon. To be angry ; to be peevish. Hooker. FRET*, fret. part. a. Eaten away. Leirit. xiii. FRETFUL, fret'-ful. a. Angry; peevish. Harvey. FRETFULLY, fret'-ful-e. ad. Peevishly. FRETFULNESS, fret'-ful-ngs. n. s. Passion ; peev- ishness. Sir T. Herbert. FRETTER*, fret'-tur. n.s. That which causes commotion or agitation. Beaumont and Fletcher. FRETTPNG*, fret'-tlng. n. s. Agitation ; commo- tion. Feltlwm. FRETTY. fret'-te. a. Adorned with raised work. FRIABILITY, frl-a-bll'-e-te. n. s. Capacity of be- ing easilv reduced to powder. Locke. FRF ABLE $, frl'-a-bl. a. [friabilis, Lat.] Easily crumbled ; easily reduced to powder. Bacon. FRFARS, frl'-ur. 88, 418. n.s. [frere, Fr.] A re- ligious; a brother of some regular order. Shak. FRFARLIKE, frl'-fir-Hke. a. Monastick ; unskilled in the world. Knolles. FRFARLY, frl'-ur-le. a. Like a friar, or man un- taught in life. Fox. FRFARSCOWL, frl'-urz-kflul. n.s. A plant, hav- ing a flower resembling a cowl. FRIAR'S Lantern*, n. s. The ignis fatuus. Milion. FRPARY, frl'-flr-e. n. s. [frerie, Fr.] A monastery or convent of friars. Dugdode. FRPARY, frl'-ur-e. longing to a friary. 1. Like a friar. Camden. Be Warton longing to a lnary. vvarton To FRPBBLE $, frlb'-bl. 405. v. n. [f revel, Teut. or frivole, Fr.] To trifle. Hudibras. To totter, like a weak person. Toiler. FRPBBLE*, frlb'-bl. a. Trifling ; silly ; frivolous. Brit. Crit. FRPBBLE*, frlb'-bl. n. s. A frivolous, contemptible fellow ; a silly fop. FRPBBLER, frlb'-bl-ur. n. *. A trifler. Spectator. FRPBORGH*, frl'-burg. ; n. s. [frid and bor- FRPDBURGH*, frld'-bfirg. \ gur, Goth.] The same as frankpledge. Cowel. FRPCACE*, frlk'-ase. n. s. [frixus, Lat.] Meat sliced, and dressed, with strong sauce. Lovelace. An unguent, prepared by frying several materials together. B. Jonson. FRICASSEE*, frlk-a-see'. n. s. [Fr.] A dish made by cutting chickens, or other small things, in pieces, and dressing them with strong sauce Kins;. To FRFCASSEE* frlk-a-see'. v. a. To dress in fricassee. Echard. FRICATION frl-ka'-sbun. n.s. [fricalio, Lat.] The act of rubbing one thing against another. Bacon. FRPCTION, frlk'-shun. n. s. [frictio, Lat.] The act of rubbing two bodies together. Newton. The re- sistance in machines caused by the motion of one body upon another. Medical rubbing with the fleshbrush or cloths. Bacon. FRPDAY. frl'-de. 223. n. s. [ppi^e-bas*. Sax.] The sixth day of the week, so named of Freya, a Saxon deity. Dryden. To FRIDGE*, frldje. v.n. [pjiician, Sax.] To move quickly. Hallywell. FRFDSTOLE*, frld'-stole. n.s. A sanctuary. See Fred. FRIEND §, frend. 278. n. s. [vriend, Dutch j rpeonb, Sax.] One joined to another in mutual benevolence and intimacy. Ecclus. vi. One with- out hostile intentions. Shak. One reconciled to another. Sluxk. An attendant, or companion. Dry den. Favourer; one propitious. Peacham. A fa miliar compellation. St. Matt. xxii. Formerly a cant expression for a paramour. Shak. — A friend in court. One who is supposed to possess sufficient interest to serve another. Chancer. To FRIEND, frend. v. a. To favour ; to befriend ; to countenance ; to support. Spenser. FRPENDED, frend'-ed. a. Well disposed. Sliak. FRFENDLESS, frend'-les. a. Wanting friends; wanting support ; destitute ; forlorn. South. — Friendless man. The Saxon word for an outlaw. Burke. FRPENDLIKE*, frend'-llke. a. Having the dispo- sition of a friend. Drayton. FRPENDLINESS, frend'-le-nes. n. s. A disposition to friendship. Sidney. Exertion of benevolence. Bp. Taylor. FRIENDLY, frend'-le. a. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; kind; favourable. Milion. Disposed to union ; amicable. Pope. Salutary ; homogeneal. Milion. Favourable; convenient. Addison. FRPENDLY, frend'-le. ad. In the manner of friends, with appearance of kindness ; amicably. Ruth, ii. Concurrently ; in union. Beaumont and Fletcher. FRPENDSHD?, frgnd'-shlp. n.s. The state of minds united by mutual benevolence ; amity. Bacon. Highest degree of intimacy. Dryden. Favour , personal kindness. Swift. Assistance ; help. Shak. Conformity; affinity; correspondence; aptness to unite. Dryden. FRIEZE §, freeze. 278. n.s. [drapde f rise, Fr J A coarse, warm cloth, made perhaps first in Fries- land. Milion. FRIEZE, freeze. \n. s. A large flat member FRIZE, freeze. 112. > which separates the archi trave from the cornice ; of which there are as many kinds as there are orders of columns. Harris. FRFEZED, free'-zH or freezd. a. Shagged or nap- ped with frieze. Huloet. 407 FRI FRO (D- 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat y— me, met;— pine, pin; FRI'EZELIKE, freez'-llke. a. Resembling a frieze. Addison. FRI'GATE, ftfg'-at. 91, 544. n. s. [frigate, Fr.] A small ship. Raleigh. Any small vessel on the wa- ter. Spenser. FRIGEFA'CTION, frid-je-fak'-shfin. 530. n. s. [frigus and facio, Lat.] The act of making cold. To FRIGHT §, frlte. v. a. 393. [pjiihtan, Sax.] To terrify ; to disturo with fear. Locke. FRIGHT, frlte. n. s. A sudden terrour. Dry den. ToFRFGHTENjfrl'-t'n. 103. v. a. To terrify; to shock with dread. Prior. FRFGHTFUL, frlte'-fui. a. Terrible ; dreadful ; full of terrour. Shakspeare. FRFGHTFULLY, frlte'-ful-e. ad. Dreadfully; horribly. Burnet. Disagreeably ; not beautifully. Sicift. FRFGHTFULNESS, frite'-ful-nSs. n. s. The power of impressing terrour. Nelson. FRFGID §, frld'-jld. 544. a. [frigidus, Lat.] Cold; wanting warmth. Cheyne. Wanting warmth of affection. Impotent; without warmth of body. Dull ; without fire of fancy. Taller. FRIGFDITY, fre-jld'-e-te. n.s. [frigiditas, Lat.] Coldness; want of warmth. Dulness; want of in- tellectual fire. Brown. Want of corporeal warmth. Glanville. Coldness of affection. FRFG1DLY, frid'-jid-le. ad. Coldly; dully; without affection. Dr. Warton. FRFGIDNESS, frid'-jld-nes. n. s. Coldness ; dul- ness ; want of affection. FRIGORFFICK, frl-g6-rif-ik a. [frigorifcus, Lat.] Causing cold. Quincy. To FRILL, frit, v. n. [friller, Fr.] To quake or shiver with cold. Used of a hawk : as, The hawk mils. Diet. FRILL*, fill. n. s. A border on the bosom of a shirt, plaited or furled ; any thing collected into gathers. FRIM*, frim. a. [ppeom, Sax.] Flourishing; luxu- riant. Drayton. FRINGE 4, frinje. n. s. [f range, Fr.] Ornamental ap- pendage added to dress or furniture. Wotton. The edge ; margin ; extremity. Mountagu. To FRINGE, frinje. v. a. To adorn with fringes ; to decorate with ornamental appendages. Sidney. FRFNGEMAKER*, fiinje'-ma-kur. n. s. A manu- facturer of fringe. Swift. FRFNGY*, frin'-je. a. Adorned with fringes. Shen- slone. FRFPPER4*, fry -pur\ n .s. [frippier, Fr.] A deal- er in old things ; a broker. James. FRFPPERER, frip'-pur-ar. n. s. One who deals in old things vamped up. Sherwood. FRFPPERY, ftfp'-por-e. n. s. The place where old clothes are sold. Shak. Old clothes; cast dresses; tattered rags. B. Jonson. Trumpery; trifles. Swift. FRIPPERY*, frlp'-pur-re. a. Trifling; contempti- ble. Gray. FRISE 1 UR*, fre-zare'. n. s. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. Waiim. To FRISK §, frisk, v. n. [f risque, old Fr.] To leap ; to skip. Bacon. To dance in frolick or gayety. Shakspeare. FRISK*, frisk, a. Lively ; jolly ; blithe. Bp. Hall. FRISK, frisk, n. s. A frolick ; a fit of wanton gayety. Feltham. FRI'SKAL*, fiis'-kal. n.s. A leap; a caper. B. Jonson. FRPSKER, frlsk'-ur. n. s. A wanton ; one not con- slant or settled. Camden. FRFSKET*, fris'-ket. n. s. A part of a printing- press ; a frame of iron, very thin, covered with parchment or paper, cut in the necessary places, that the sheet, which is between the great tympan and frisket, may receive the ink, and that nothing may hurt the margins. FRFSKFUL*, frlsk'-ful. a. Full of gayety. Thom- son. FRFSKINESS, fiisk'-e-ngs. n. s. Gayety; liveli- FRFSKING*, frisking, n. s. Frolicksome dancing wild gayety. Cudworth. FRFSKY, frisk'-e. a. Gay ; airy. A low word. ToFRFSSLE*. See To Frizzle. FRIT, frit. n. s. [among chymisls.] Asheg or salt baked or fried together with sand. Diet. FRITH, h\th. n. s.[fretum, Lat.] A strait of the sea where the water, being confined, is rough. Dryden. A kind of net. Carew. FRITHS* 6M. n. s. [frith, Welsh.] A woody place ; a forest. Drayton. A small field taken out of a common. Wynne. FRFTHY*. frM'-e. a. Woody. Skelton. FRITFLARY, fre-tll'-a-re. n.s. A plant. Miller. FRFTINANCY, fr?t'-e-nan-se. n. s. [fritinnio, Lat.] The scream of an insect, as the cricket or cicada. Broum. FRFTTER§, frit'-tur. n. s. [friture, Fr.] A small piece cut to be fried. Tusser. A fragment; a small piece. Bacon. A cheesecake; a wig. Ains- worth. To FRFTTER, frltMur. v. a. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. To break into small particles or fragments. Pope. FRIVO'LITY* fre-vol'-e-te. n. s. Triflingness. Rob- ertson. FRFVOLOUS§, friv'-6-lus. a. [frivolus, Lat.] Slight; trifling; of no moment. Hooker. FRFVOLOUSLY, friv'-c-lus-le. ad. Triflingly; with- out weight. Guardian. FRFVOLOUSNESS, friv'-o-las-nes. n. s. Want of importance; triflingness. More. To FRIZZ*, friz. v. a. [f riser, or frizer, Fr.] To curl ; to crisp. Smollett. To FRIZZLES, frlz'-zl. v. a. [f riser, Fr.] To curl in short curls like nap of frieze. Harmar. FRFZZLE*, frlz'-zl. n. s. A curl ; a lock of hair crisped. Milton. FRFZZLER, frlz'-zi-ur. n. s. One that makes short curls. FRO§, frd. ad. [ppa, Sax.]- Backward ; regressive- ly. It is used only in opposition to the word to ; to and fro, backward and forward, to and from. Spenser. A contraction of from ; not now used. B. Jonsoyi. FROCK, frok. n.s. [froc, Fr.] A dress; a coat. Shak. A kind of close coat for men. Dryden. A kind of gown for children. FROG §, frog. n.s. [pjio^a, Sax.] A small ani- mal with four feet, living both by land and water, and placed by naturalists among mixed animals, as partaking of beast and fish. Shale. The hollow part of the horse's hoof. FRO GBIT, frog'-blt. n. s. An herb. Ainsivorth. FRO'GFISH, frog'-fish. n. s. A kind of fish. Ains- icorlh . FRO'GGRASS, fr6g / -gras. n. s. A kind of herb. FROGGY*, frog'-ge. a. Having frogs. Sher- wood. FRO'GLETTUCE, fr&gMet-tis. n. s. A plant. FROISE, frdfs. n. s. [froisser, Fr.] A kind of food made by frying bacon enclosed in a pancake. FRO'LICKS, froF-ik. a. [ppeolice, Sax.] Gay; full of levity; full of pranks. Shaksjieare. FRO'LICK, frol'-lk. n. s. A wild prank; a flight of whim and levity. Roscommon.. To FRO'LICK, fr&F-ik. v. n. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks of levity and gayety. Glanirille. FRO'LICKLY, froF-ik-le. ad. Gayly ; wildly. Beau- mont and Fletcher. FRO'LICKSOW., fr6l / -ik-sum. a. Full of wild gayety. FRO'LICKSOMENESS, frol'-lk-sum-nes. n. s Wildness of gayety ; pranks. FROLICKSOMELY, frol'-lk-sum-le. ad. With wild gayety. FROM §, "from. p-ep. [ppam, Sax.] Away : noting privation. Dryden. Noting reception. Pope. Not- ing procession, descents, or birth. Blackmore. Not- ing transmission. Shak. Noting abstraction or vaca- tion. Shak. Noting succession. Burnet. Out of : noting emission. Milton. Noting progress from 408 FRO FRO — no, move, nor, not ; — tube, tub, bull; — 6?1 ; — p6und j — tli'm, this. premises to inferences. Bacon. Noting the place or person from whom a message is brought. Shak. Out of: notiiig extraction. Addison. Because of: noting" tlie reason or motive of an act or effect. Dryden. Out of: noting the ground or cause of anything. Dryden. Not near to: noting distance. Smut. Notiug separation or recession. Shale. Noting exemption or deliverance. Prior. Noting absence. Shale. Noting derivation. Dryden. Since: noting distance from "the past. Raleigh. Contra- ry to. Shak. Noting removal. Dryden. From is very frequently joined by an ellipsis with adverbs; from above, from the parts above. FRO'JJ^WARD, frum'-ward. prep. [3:71am and j-eapb, Sax.] Away from ; the contrary to the word towards. Sidney. Ob. T. FROND*, frond, n. s. [fronde, Fr.] A green or leafy branch or bough. Cotgrare FRONDA'TION* ifdn-da'-shun. re. s. [frondatio. Lat.] A lopping of trees. Evelyn. FRONDI FEROIJS, fron-dif-fe-rfis. a. [frondifer, Lat.J Bearing leaves. Diet. FRONT*, front, or front. 165. n. s. [from, Lat.] The face. Prior. The face, in a sense of censure or dislike; as, a hardened front; a fierce front. | Milton. The face, as opposed to an enemy. Milton. The part or place opposed to the face. Bacon. The van of an arm v. Milton. The forepart of any thing, as of a building. Bacon. The most con- spicuous part or particular. Slialespeare. §£/" Mr. Sheridan marks this word in the second manner only ; but I am much mistaken if custom does not al- most universally adopt the first. If the second is over used, it seems to be in poetry, and that of the most sol- emn kind. Dr. Kenrick, YV. Johnston, and Mr. Perry, pronounce it in the first manner ; and Mr. Sheridan and i .Mr. Smith in the last. Mr. Scott gives it both ways, j but seems to prefer the last. Mr. Narcs gives it in the i first manner, but says it is sometimes pronounced regu- | larly. W. To FRONT, front, v. a. To oppose directly, or face to face ; to encounter. Bacon. To stand opposed or ovcr-against any place or thing. Addison. To FRONT, frunt. v. n. To stand loremost. SJtak. FRO'NTAL, frcvnt'-al. 88. re. s. [froniale, La>] Any external lbrm of medicine to be applied to the forehead. Quincy. [In architecture.] A little pedi- ment over a small door or window. A bandage worn on the forehead ; a frontlet. FRONTATED, fron'-ta-led. a. [frons, Lat.] The frontated leaf of a flower grows broader and broad- er, and at last perhaps terminates in a right line : in opposition to cuspated, which is, when the leaves end in a point. Quincy. FRO NTBOX, frunl / -boks. re. s. The box in the play- house from which there is a direct view to the stage. Pope. FRONTED, frfint'-ed. a. Formed with a front.] Milton. FRO'NTIER§, fron'-tsheer, or front'-yecr. 113. re. s. [froniiere, Fr.] The marches ; the limit ; the ut- most verge of any territory; the border. Spenser. Formerly, the forts built along the bounds of any territory. Ives. FRO'NTIER, fron'-tsheer, or fr&nV-yeer. 450, 461. a. Bordering; conterminous. Addison. FRO'NTIERED*, fron'-tsheerd. a. Guarded on the frontiers. Spenser. FRONTINIA'CK Wine*, fron-fin-yak'. n.s. [from a I town of Languedoc, so called.] A rich wine. Sir' A. Wcldon. FRO'NTISPIECE, frtV-iis-peese. re. s. [frontis- picium, Lat.] That part of any building or other' body that directly meets the eye. Milton. FRO'NTLESS, frunt'-les. a. Not blushing ; wanting shame; void of diffidence. Dryden. FRO'NTLET, front'-let. n. s. [frons, Lat.] A ban- dage worn upon the forehead. Dent. vi. ^~ FRONTRO'OM, frunt'-room. re. s. An apartflfct in the forepart of the hocse. Moxon. FROTPISH*, frop'-pish. a. Peevish ; froward. Ld. Clarendon. FRORE, frore. part. a. [bevroren, Dutch.] Frozen. Mi/ion. Ob. J. FRORNE, frorne. part. a. Frozen ; congealed with cold. Spenser. Ob. J. FRO'RY*, fro'-re. a. Frozen. Spenser. Covered with a froth resembling hoar frost. Fairfax. FROST $, frost, re. s. [j.-poyfc, Sax.] The last effect of cold ; the power or act of congelation. South. The appearance of plants and trees sparkling with congelation of dew. Pope. FROSTBITTEN, frost'-bit-tii. 103. a. Nipped or withered by the frost. Mortimer. FRONTED, fros'-ted. a. Laid on in inequalities like those of the hoar frost upon plants. Gay. FRO'STILY, frus'-te-le. act. With frost; with exces- sive cold. Without warmth Of affection. B. Jonson. FRO'STINESS, fr&s'-te-nes. re. s. Cold ; freezing- cold. FRO'STNAIL, frosl'-nale. re. s. A nail with a prom- inent head driven into the horse's shoes, that it may pierce the ice. Grew. FRO ST WORK, frost'-wark. re. s. Work in which the substance is laid on with inequalities, like the dew congealed upon shrubs. Warhudon. FRO'STY, fros'-le. a. Having the power of congela- tion ; excessive cold. Bacon. Chill in afleetioii ; without warmth of kindness or courage. Shak. Hoary; gray-haired; resembling frost. Shak. FROTH £, Mill. 163. n.s. [frae, Danish and Scottish.] Spume ; foam ; the bubbles caused in liquors by agitation. Bacon. Any empty or senseless show of wit or eloquence, stantial. Tnsser. To FROTH, M(h. v. spume. Dryden. To FROTH*, Mill, v moid and Fletcher. FROTHILY, frM'-e-Je. Any thing not solid, or sub- n. To foam; to throw out a. To make to froth. Beau- ad. With foam; with ug mas Emptiness; tri- spume. Sherwood. In an empty, trifling manner. FRO'THINESS*, fro/Zi'-e-nes. n. s. Empti flingness. South. FRO'THY, hbth'-k a. Full of foam, froth, or spume. Bacon. Soft; not solid ; wasting. Bacon. Vain; empty ; trifling. TilloUon. FROUNCE, frounse. 313. re. s. A distemper, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Skinner. To FROUNCE §, fr6unse. v. a. [froncer, or fronser, Fr.] To frizzle or curl the hair about the face. Spenser. FROUNCE* fr6unse. re. s. A wrinkle; a plait; a fringe, or curl, or some ornament of dress. Beau- mord and Fletcher. FRO'UNCELESS*, froimse'-les. a. Without wrin- kle. Chaucer. Ob. T. FRO'UZY. fro&'-ze. 313. a. [A cant word.] Fetid; musty. Swift. Dim ; cloudy. Swift. FROW§*, frou. n.s. [fraw, Germ.] A woman; generally applied to Dutch or German women. Beaumont and Fletcher. FROW*, fr6u. a. Brittle. Evelyn. FRO WARD $, fro'-ward. 88. a. [pjiampeapb, Sax.] Peevish ; ungovernable ; angrv. Sidney. FRO'WARDLY, fi;6'-ward-le. ad. Peevishly ; per versely. Isaiah, Ivii. FRO'WARDNESS, fro'-ward-nes. re. s. Peevish- ness; perverseness. South. FRO'WER. fro-'-ur. re. .9. A cleaving tool. Tusse? To FROWNS frMn. 323. v. n. [ufryn, Goth.] To express displeasure by contracting the face to wrinkles; to look stern. Shakspeare. To FROWN*, froun. 1?. a. To drive back with a look of haughtiness or displeasure. Dryden. FROWN, froun. re. s. A wrinkled look; a look of displeasure. Knolles. FRO'WNiNGLY, frofin'-ing-le. ad. Sternly ; with a look of displeasure. Shakspeare. FRO' WY, frSu/-e. a. Musty ; mossy. Spenser. Not now used ; but instead of it, Frouzy. FROZEN, fri'-zn. 103. part. pass, of freeze. Con* gealed with cold. Dryden. Chill in affection. Sidney. Void of heat or appetite. Pope. FRU FUE ET 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;- —pine, pin ; — F. R. S, Fellow of the Royal Society. To FRU'BBISH*, frfib'-bfsh. v. a. To furbish. Bar- ret. FRU'CTED* frfik'-ted. a. An heraldick term, giv- en to all trees bearing fruit. FRUCTIFEROUS, frfik-tlf-fer-us. a. Bearing fruit. Ainsworth. FRUCTIFICATION, frfik-te-fe-ka'-shun. n.s. The act of causing or of bearing fruit ; fecundation ; fertility. Brown. To FRU'CTIFY §, frfik'-te-fi. 183. v. a. [fmclifter, Fr.] To make fruitful ; to fertilize. Howell. To FRU'CTIFY, fr&k'-te-fl. v. n. To bear fruit. Hooker. FRUCTUA'TION*, frfik-tshu'-a-shfin. n. s. Prod- uct; fruit. Pownall. FRU'CTUOUS, frfik'-tshu-fis. 463. a. Fruitful ; fer- tile ; impregnating with fertility. Phillips. FRU'CTURE*, frfiV-tshure. n. s. Use, fruition, pos- session, or enjoyment of. Cotgrave. FRU'GAM, fnV-gal. 88. a. [fmgalis, Lat.] Thrif- ty; sparing; parsimonious. Milton. FRUGALITY, fru-gal'-e-te. n. s. Thrift ; parsimo- ny; good husbandry. Bacon, FRU'GALLY, friV-gal-e. ad. Parsimoniously ; spar- ingly ; thriftily. Dryden. FRU'GGIN*, 'frfig'-gin. n. s. [fourgon, Fr.] An i ovenfork. The pole with which the ashes in the oven are stirred. FRUGiTEROUS, fru-jlf-fer-fis. a. [fnigifer, Lat.] Bearing fruit. More. FRUIT §; froot. 343. n. s. [fnietus. Lat. fruit. Fr.] The product of a tree or plant in which the seeds are contained. Sliak. That part of a plant which is taken for food. Davics. Production. Ephes. v. The off- spring of the womb. Deut. xxviii. Advantage gained by any enterprise or conduct. Swift. The effect or consequence of any action. Sid?iey. The dessert after the meat. Sliakspeare. To FRUIT*, fr6St. v. n. To produce fruit. Ld. Ches- terfield. FRUITAGE. frSoY-:dje. 90. n. s. [fn/Hage, Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various fruits. Milton. FRUTTBEARER, frfidt' -bar-fir. n. s That which produces fruit. Mortimer. FRU'ITBEARING, froSl'-bar-mg. a. Having the quality of producing fruit. MoriKner. FRU'lf ERER, frSot'-gr-fir. [See Forger.] n. s. [fruitier, Fr.] One who trades in fruit. Skakspeare. FRUTTERY, frofit'-gr-e. n. s. Fruit collectively taken. Phillips. A fruit-loft; a repository for fruit. FRUTTFUL, fioot'-ffil. a. Fertile ; abundantly pro^ ductive; liberal of vegetable product. Sidney Actually bearing fruit. Shak. Prolifick ; child' bearing, not barren. Milton. Plenteous ; abound ing. Addison. FRUITFULLY, frSSt'-ful-e. ad. In such a manner as to be prolifick. Roscommon. Plenteously ; abun- dantly. Shafcspeare. FRU'ITFULNESS. frSot'-ful-nfis. n. s. Fertility; fecundity ; plentiful production. Raleigh. The quality of being prolifick. Dryden. Exuberant abundance. B. Jonson. FRUI'TCROVES, froot'-grovz. n, s. Shades, or close plantations of fruit trees. Pope. FRUITION §, fru-lsh'-fin. n. s. [fnxor, Lat.] En- joyment ; possession ; pleasure given by posses- sion or use. Hooker. FRUTTIVE, fru'-e-tiv. a. Enjoying; possessing. Boyle. FRUITLESS, frfi&t'-les. a. Barren of fruit; not bearing fruit. Raleigh. Vain ; productive of no advantage ; idle ; unprofitable. Spenser. Having no offspring. Shakspeare. FRUITLESSLY, fr6ot'-les-le. ad. Vainly; idly; unprofitably. Brown. FRU'ITLESSNESS*, fro&t'-les-nes. n. s. Barren- ness ; unfruitfulness ; vanity. Holes. FRUIT-TIME, frfifit'-tlme. n.s. The autumn ; the time for gathering fruit. FRUIT-TREE, frfioY-tree. n. s. A tree of that kind whose principal value anses from the fruit produced by it. Neh. ix. FRUMENTA'CIOUS, fru-men-ta'-shfis. a. [fru- mentum, Lat.] Made of grain. Diet. FRUMENTATION*, fru-men-uV-shfin. n. s. A general dole of corn. Coc/ceram. FRUME'NTY, fru'-men-te. n. s. [frumente'e, Fr.] Food made of wheat boiled in milk. Dr. Gower. Q^/= This word is almost universally corrupted into fur- menty, if not sometimes into fur-me-te .• and I believe it is seldom found, that words employed in the concerns of cookery are ever recovered from irregularity. — Se& Asparagus and Cucumber. W. To FRUMP §, frump, v. a. To mock; to insult. Beaumont and Fietclier. FRUMP*, frfim i.V A joke ; a flout. Bp. Hall. FRU'MPER*, frfim'-pur. n. s. A mocker ; a scoffer. Cotgrave. To FRUSH§, frush. v. a. [froisser, Fr.] To break, bruise, or crash. Sliakspeare. FRUSH, frush. n. s. A sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse. Farrier's Diet. FRUSTRA'NEOUS, frfis-tra'-ne-fis. a. [frustra, Lat.] Vain; useless; unprofitable. More. To FRUSTRATE §, frfis'-trate. 91. v. a. [frustror, Lat.] To defeat ; to disappoint ; to balk. Shak. To make null ; to nullify. Spenser. FRUSTRATE, frfis'-trate. part. a. Vain ; ineffeclu al ; unprofitable. Raleigh. Null ; void. Hooker Disappointed ; defeated ; balked. Judith, xi. FRUSTRATION, frfis-lra'-shfin. n. s. Disappoint- ment ; defeat. South. FRU'STRATIVE, frfis'-tra-tlv. 512. a. Fallacious ; d isappoi nti ng. A insworth. FRU'STRATORY, frfis'-tra-t&r-e. 512. [See Do- mesticic] a. That which makes any procedure void. Ay life. FR USTR UM, frfis'-lrfim. n. s. [Lat.] A piece cut off from a regular figure. A term of science. FRUTICANT*, frut'-e-kant. a. [fruticans, Lat.] Full of shoots. Evelun. FRY, fii n. s. [fraiw, Goth.] The swarm of little fishes just produced from the spawn. Donne. Any swarm of animals ; or young people in contempt. Spenser. A swarm or heap of any materials. Mir- ror for 31agistrates. FRY, frl. n. s. A kind of sieve. Mortimer. To FRYv, frl. v. a. [frigo, Lat.] To dress food in a pan on the fire. To FRY, frl. ?;. n. To be roasted in a pan on the fire. To suffer the action of fire. Dryden. To melt with heat. Waller. To be agitated like liquor in the pan on the fire. Bacon. FRY, frl. n.s. A dish of things fried. FRY'INGPAN, frl'-mg-pan. n.s. The vessel in which meat is dressed on the fire. Howell. FRYTH*. See Frith. To FUB, ffib. v. a. To put off. Shak. See Fob. FUB, ffib. n.s. A plump, chubby boy ; also a woman. Written ahofubs. Crown. FU'CATE^*, fiV-kate. a. [fucatus, LatJ Painted , whence, disguised by false show. Sir T. Elyot. FU'CATED,' fiV-ka-ted. a. Painted ; disguised with paint. Disguised by false show. FUCUS, fiV-k&s. n. s. [Lat.] Paint for the face. B. Jonson. Disguise ; false show. Sandys. [In bot- • any.] The name of a genus of submarine plants. Goodenough. FU'DDER o/" Lead*. Among the miners, a load of lead. To FU'DDLES, f&d'-dl. v. a. To make drunk. Beaumont and Fietclier. To FU'DDLE, ffid'-dl. 405. v.n. To drink to excess. L'Estrange. FUDGE*, ffidje. irderj. An expression of the utmost contempt, usually bestowed on absurd or lying talkers. Goldsmith. F UEMLLEMOR TE, fuMl-m6rt. n.s. Corruptly pi^fcunced and written philomot. The colour of withered leaves in autumn. FU'EL§, fiV-il. n, s. [fuayl. Norm. Fr.] The matter or aliment of fire. Isaiah, ix. 410 FUL FUL — 116, move, n6r, not ;— tube, tub, bull ;— 6'il ;— p6und ;— thin, Fo FU EL, fiV-Il. v. a. To feed fire with combustible matter. Domte. To store with firing. IVotttm. ItJ'ELLER* fu'-U-ur. ji.s. That which supplies fuel. Domte. FUGA'CIOUS §, fu-ga'-shas. 292,357 rugions, Lat.] Volatile. HallyweU. FUGA CIOUSNESS, fu-ga'-shfis-nes. Volatili- tv ; the quality of flying away. FUGA'CrTY, fu-gas'-e-te. n. s. Volatility; quali- ty of dying away. Boyle. Uncertainty ; insta- bility. FXJGH, full, interj. An expression of abhorrence. Commonly foh. Dryden. FUGITIVE $, fiV-je-uv. a. [fugitivus, Lat.J Not tenable ; not to be held or detained. Locke. Un- steady : unstable ; not durable. Daniel. Volatile ; apt to fly away. Crushaw. Flying ; running- from danger. Shak. Flying from duty; falling off. Richarchsori. Runagate ; vagabond. 2 Mace. Perishable ; as, & fugitive piece ; i. e. a little com- position ; a small pamphlet which may be soon for- gotten, or soon lost. FUGITIVE, fu'-je-uv. h. 5. One who runs from his station or duty. Bacon. One who takes shelter under another power from punishment. Spenser. One hard to be caught or detained. Harte. FU'GITIVENESS, fu'-je-fiv-nes. n.s. Volatility; fugacity. Boyle. Instability; uncertainty. More. FUGUE, fewg. 337. [often very improperly pro- nounced fuje.] n. s. [Fr. fuga, Lat.] [In musick.] Some point consisting of four, five, six, or any other number of notes, begun by some one single part, and then seconded by a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth part, if the composition consists of so many ; re- peating the same, or such like notes, so that the several parts follow, or come in one after another in the same manner, the leading parts still flying before those that follow. Harris. FU'LCIBLE$*, ful'-se-bl. a. [fulcihilis, Lat.] Which may be propped tip. FULCIMENT, ful / -se-ment. n.s. {fultimentum, Lat.] That on which a body rests, which acts or is acted upon at each end. Wilkins. FULCR UM*, f uF-krum. n. s. [Lat.] [In mechan- icks.] Now common for prop ; as, me fulcrum of a To FULFrL, f ul-flF. v. a. [full and fi 11.] To fill till there is no room for more. Communion Service. I To answer any prophecy or promise by perform- ance. Acts, xiii. To answer any purpose or de- sign . Milton. To answer any desire by compliance or gratification. Beaumont and Fletcher. To an- swer anv law by obedience. Milton. FULFI'LLER*, f ul-fiF-l&r. n. s. One that accom- plishes or fulfils. Patrick. FULFILLING*, ful-fiF-ling. n. s. Completion. Rom. xiii. FULFILMENT*, ful-fll'-ment. n. s. Full perform- ance. H. Tooke. FULFRA'UGHT. See Full-fraught. FU'LGENCY, f&F-jen-se. 177. n.s. Splendour; glitter. Diet. FU LGENT §, f&F-jent. a. [fulgent, Lat.] Shining; dazzling ; exquisitely bright. Milton. FU'LGID, ful'-jlcL a. [fulgidus, Lat.] Shining; glittering ; dazzling. FULGI'DITY, f iil-jld'-e-te. n. s. Splendour ; daz- zling glitter. Diet. fU'LGOUR, luF-gur. 314. n.s. [fulgor, Lat.] Splendour ; dazzling brightness. Brown. FL LGURANT*, faF-gu-rant. a. Lightening ; flash- ing-. More. To FU'LGURATE§*, f&F-gu-rate. v.n. [fulguro, Lat.] To emit flashes of light. Chambers. FULGURA'TION, ful-gu-ra'-shun. n. s. The act of lightening. Donne. FU P LGURY*, fuV-gu-re. n. s. [fulgur, Lat.] Light- ning. Cockeram.^ FU'LHAM, f&F-ham. n.s. A cant word for false dice. Shakspeare. FULIGINOUS $, fu-lfd'-jfn-us. a. [fuliginosus , Lat.] Sooty ; smoky. Bacon. FUL1GINOUSLY*, fu-lld'-jk-os-le. ad. In a smoky si; itc. Shenstone. Fl 1.1MART, fu'-le-mart. n. s. See Foujiart. A kind of stinking ferret. Waltcnc. FULL$, fiil. a. [pulle, Sax.] Replete; without vacu- ity ; having no space void. Isaiah. Abounding in any quality, good or bad. Sidney. Stored with anything; well supplied with anything. Tickell. Plump ; saginated ; fat. Wiseman. Saturated ; sa- ted, lsaiali, i. Impregnated; made pregnant. Dry- den. Crowded, with regard to the imagination or memory. Locke. Large ; great in effect. Arbuth- not. Complete ; such as that nothing further is de- sired or wanted. Daniel. Complete, without abate- ment. Genesis. Containing the whole matter ; ex- pressing much. Denham. Strong; not faint; not attenuated. Slmk. Mature ; perfect. Bacon. Ap- plied to the moon : complete in its orb. Wiseman. Not continuous, or a full stop. Sidney. Spread to view in all dimensions. Addison. FULL, ful. n.s. Complete measure; freedom from deficiency. Shak. The highest state or degree. Sluik. The whole; the total. Shak. The state of being satiated. Jeremiah, v. Applied to the moon ; the time in which the moon makes a perfect orb Bacon. FULL, ful. ad. Without abatement or diminution Milton. With the whole effect. Dryden. Exact ly. Addison. Directly. Sidneij. It is placed be lore adverbs, adjectives, and participles, to intend or strengthen their signification; as, full oft, full slow, full wide, 6z,c. ; and is much used in compo- sition, to intimate any thing arrived at its highest state, or utmost degree. FULL-ACORNED*, ful-a'-kornd. a. Fed full with acorns. Shakspeare. FULL-BLOOMED*, ful-bloSmd'. a. Having perfect bloom. Crashair. FULL-BLOWN, fuF-bl6ne. a. Spread to the utmost extent, els a perfect blossom. Denham. Stretched by the wind to the utmost extent. Dryden. FULL-BOTTOMED, ful-bot'-tumd. a. Having a large bottom. Guardian. FULL-BUTT*, fi&l-but'. ad. [full and butt.] At the same point, from opposite directions, and not with- out violence. L : Estrange. FULL-CHARGED*, ful-tsharjd'. a. Charged to the utmost. Shakspeare. FULL-CRAMMED*, ful-kramd'. a. Crammed to satiety. Mars/on. FULL-DRESSED*, ful-drest'. a. Dressed in form. PiUcington. FULL-DRIVE*, ful-drive'. a. Completed; a very old expression, now meaning driving as fast as pos- sible. Clmucer. FULL-EARED, ful-eerd'. 362. a. Having the heads full ofgrain. Denham. FULL-EYED, ful-lde'. a. Having large, prominent eyes. FULL-FED. ful-fed'. a. Sated ; fat ; saginated. Pope. FULL-FRAUGHT, ful-frawt'. a. Fully stored. Shakspeare. FULL-GORGED* f&l-g6rj'd'. a. Too much fed ; a term of hawking. Shakspeare. FULL-GROWN*, f&l-grine'. a. Completely grown Milton. FULL-HEARTED*, ful-harf-ed. a. Full of confi- dence; elated. Shakspeare. FULL-HOT* iuF-hot. a. Heated to the utmost. Shakspeare. FULL-LADEN, iul-la'-d'n. 103. a. Laden till there can be no more added. Tillotson. FULL-MANNED*, ful-mand'. a. Completely fur- nished with men. Shakspeare. FULL-MOUTHED*, fal-mSuTHd'. a. Having a strong voice or sound. Quarks. FULL-ORBED*, f&l-Srbd'. a. Having the orb com- plete. Addison. Like a full moon. Mason. FULL-SPREAD, ful-spred'. a. Spread to the utmost extent. Dryden. FULL-STOMACHED*, ful-stSnV-akt. a. Having I the stomach crammed. Tourneur. 411 FUM FUN ID 3 559.— Kite, far, fall, fat ;— me, mel J— pine, pin ;— FULL-STUFFED*, ful-stM'. a. Filled to the utmost extent. Drayton. FULL-SUMMED, fui-sumd'. a Complete in all its parts. Howell. FULL-WINGED*, ffil-wlngd'. a. Having large or strong wings. Sfiak. Ready for flight ; eager. Beamnont and Fletcher. To FULL§, ful. v. a. [fullo, Lat.] To cleanse cloth from its oil or grease. Sherwood. FU'LLAGE, fuF-lage. 90. n. s. The money paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. FU'LLAM. See Fulham. FULLER, ful'-lur. 98. n. s. Lpullepe, Sax.] One whose trade is to cleanse cloth. Shakspeare. §Cf* This word, though derived from the Latin fullo, has deviated into the sound of the English word full. and is an exception to the rule laid down in the Prin- ciples, No. 177. W. FILLER'S Earth, ffil'-lurz-erf/i. n. s. A marl of a close texture, extremely soft and unctuous to the touch, when dry of a grayish-brown colour, and generally has a greenish cast in it. Woodward. FILLER'S Thistle, or Weed. n. s. A plant. FU'LLERY, fuF-lur-re. n. s. The place where the trade of a fuller is exercised. FU'LLINGMILL, ful'-llng-mu. n. s. A mill where the water raises hammers which beat the cloth till it is cleansed. Mortimer. FU'LLY, fuF-le. ad. Without vacuity. Complete- ly; without lack. Hooker. FU'LMINANT, ful'-me-nant. 177. a. Thundering ; making a noise like thunder. To FU'EMINATES, fuF-me-nate. 91. v.n. [fulmi- no, Lat.] To thunder. Davies. To make a loud noise or crack. Boijle. To issue out ecclesiastical censures. Lord Herbert. To FU'LMINATE, f'uF-me-nate. v. a. To throw out as an object of lerrour. Ayliffe. To denounce with censure ; to condemn. Warburlon. To cause to explode. Sprat. FULMINA'TION, ful-m^na'-shfin. n. s. The act of thundering. Denunciation of censure. Ayliffe. The act of fulminating : a term of chvmistry. Sprat. FULMINATORY, ful'-me-na-tfir-e. 512. a. Thun- dering; striking horrour. Cotgrave. To FU'LMINE§*, ffd/-min. v. a. [fulminer, Fr.] To shoot; to dart, like lightning. Spenser. To FU'LMINE*, ful'-mm. v. n. To thunder 3 to speak with the power of thunder. Milton. FU'LNESS, fSF-nes. n. s. The slate of being filled so as to have no part vacant. Numbers, xviii. The state 01 abounding in any quality, good or bad. Completeness; such as leaves nothing to be desir- ed. South. Completeness from the coalition of many parts. Bacon. Completeness ; freedom from deficiency. Psalms. Repletion ; satiety. Bp. Tay- lor. Plenty ; wealth. Shah. Struggling perturba- tion ; swelling in the mind. Bacon. Largeness ; extent. Dryden. Force of sound, such as fills the ear; vigour of sound. Pope. FULSOME y, ffil'-sSm. 177. a. [pulle, Sax.] Nau- seous; offensive. Otway. Rank; gross: to the smell. Bacon. Lustful. Slw.k. Tending to ob- scenity. Dryden. FU'LSOMELY, ful'-sum-le. ad. Nauseously; ran k- lv ; obscenely. Newton. Foully ; not decently. Homilies. FU'LSOMENESS, ful'-sum-nes. n. s. Nauseousness. Price. Foulness. Homilies. Rank smell. Ob- scenity, Dryden. FUT/VID* ffil'-vld. a. [fulvidus, Lat.] Of a deep vellow colour. More. FUMA DO, fu-ma'-do. n. s. [fumus, Lat.] A smoked fish. Carew. FU'MAGE, fiV-maje. 90. n.s. [fumus, Lat.] Hearth- money. Diet. FU'MATORY, fiV-ma-tur-e. 512, 534. n. s. [fume- terre, Fr.] An herb. Shakspeare. To FU'MBLEy, ftW-bl. 405. v. n. [fommelen, Dutch.] To attempt any thing awkwardly or un- gainly. Sackville. To puzzle ; to strain in per- plexity. Dryden. To play childishly. Shak. To stutter ; to hesitate in the speech. Marston. To FU'MBLE, fum'-bl. v. a. To manage awkward ly. Shakspeare. FU'MBLER, fum'-bl-ur. n. s. One who acts awk- wardly. FU'MBLINGLY, fum'-blmg-le. ad. In an awkward manner. B. Jonson. FUMEy, fume. n.s. [fumus, Lat.] Smoke. Dryden. Vapour j any volatile parts flying away. Shak. Exhalation from the stomach. South. Rage; heat of mind ; passion. South. Any thing unsubstantial. Shak. Idle conceit; vain imagination. Bacon. To FUME, fume. v. n. To smoke. Milton. To va- pour ; to yield exhalations. Shak. To pass away in vapours. B. Jonson. To be in a rage. Dryden. To FUME, fume. v. a. To smoke ; to dry in the smoke. Carew. To perfume with odours in the fire. Dryden. Simply, to perfume. Fleiclier. To disperse in vapours. Mortimer. FU'MET, fi'-mSt. n. s. The dung of the deer. B. Jonson. EVME'TTE, fu-meY. n.s. [Fr.] The stink of meat. Swift. FU'MID y, f'u'-mld. a. [fumidus, Lat.] Smoky ; va- porous. Brown. FUMFDITY, fu-mfd'-e-te. n. s. Smokiness ; tenden- cy to smoke. Diet. To FU'MIGATE y, fiV-me-gate. v. n. [fumiger, Fr.] To smoke ; to perfume by smoke or vapour. Dry- den,. To medicate or heal by vapours. FUMIGA'TION, fii-me-ga'-shun. n. s. Scents rais ed by fire. Arbidhnot. The application of medi cines to the body in fumes. FU'MING* fiV-mmg. n. s. The act of scenting by smoke. Mortimer. Fume ; idle conceit. Mirror for Magistrates. FU'MINGLY, fiV-ming-le. ad. Angrily ; in a rage. Hooker. FU'MISH*, fiV-mfsh. a. Smoky; also hot, cholerick. Mirror for Magistrates. FU'MITER, fu'-me-tur. 98. n. s. A plant. Shak- speare. FU'MITORY*. See Fumatory. FU'MOUS, fiV-mus. 314, ) a. [fumeux, Fr.] Produ- FU'MY, f iV-me. ) cing fumes. Dryden. FUN y, fun. n.s. Sport ; high merriment. More. FUNA'MBULATORY*, fu-nam'-bu-la-tfir-e. a. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer. Brown. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers. FUNAMBULIST*, fij-nam'-bu-lfst. n. s. A rope- dancer. The Looker-on. F UNA' MB UL O* fu-nam'-bu-lo. )n.s.[ funam- FUNA'MBULUS*,itx-nzm'-bh-\fc.S bulm, Lat.] A ropedancer. Bacon. FUNCTIONS, fimg'-shun. n. s. [functio, Lat.] Dis- charge ; performance. Swift. Employment ; office. Whitgift. Single act of any office. Hooker. Trade 5 occupation. Shak. Office of any particular part of the body. Bentley. Power; faculty. Shak. FUNCTIONARY* fiW-sh&n-a-re. n. s. One who is charged with an office or employment. That which performs any office. FUND y, fund. n. s. [fond, Fr.] Stock ; capital ; that by which any expense is supported. Drijaen. Stock or bank of money. Addison. To FUND*, fund. v. a. To place money in the funds either of a company, a corporation, or the publick. FUNDAMENT y, fun'-da-ment. n.s. [fundamen- tum, Lat.] Originally, foundation. Chaucer. The back part of the body. Hudibras. FUNDAMENTAL, ffin-da-men'-tal. a. Serving for the foundation ; that upon which the rest is built j essential ; important. Raleigh. FUNDAMENTAL, fun-da-men'-tal. n.s. Leading proposition. South. FUNDAMENTALLY, f&n-da-meV-tal-e. ad. Es- sentially; originally. Grew. TJNE'BRIAL*, fu-ne'-bre-al. a. Belonging to fu- nerals. Sir T. Brown. FUNERAL y, fiV-ner-al. 88. n. s. [fuverailles , Fr.} The solemnization of a burial ; the payment of the 412 FUR FUR -nO, mfive, ndr, ndt;— liibe, tftb, bull} — 611 ;— p6find ;— .] To make drunk. Burton. FY, fl. interj. [er- ham. GAUGE, gadje. 71. s. A measure; a standard. Moxon. GA'UGER, ga'-jur. n. s. One whose business is to measure vessels or quantities. Careic. GAULS*, gawl. n. s. [Gallia, Lat.] An ancient name of France. Warton. An ^old inhabitant of France. Phillips. GA'ULISH*, gaw'-lish. a Relating to the Gauls Chambers. To GAUM*, gawm. v. a. [gaum, Icel.] To under- stand : a northern word. To GAUNCH*. v. a. See To Ganch. GAUNT y, gant. 214. a. [^epanian, Sax.] Thin; slender ; lean ; meager. Shakspeare. GA'UNTLY, gant'-le. ad. Leanly ; slenderly ; mea- GA'UNTLET, gant'-let. n. s. [gantelet, Fr.] An iron glove used for defence, and thrown down in challenges. Shakspeare. GAUZE, gawz. n. s. [gaze, Fr.] A kind of thin, trans- parent silk. Arbuthnot. GAVE, gave. The preterit of give. GA'VELy, gav'-ll. 177. n. s. A provincial word for ground. Mortimer. A tribute; a toll; a yearly rent. See Gabel. GAVELKIND, gav'-fl-klnd. n. s. A custom where- by the lands of the father are equally divided at his death amongst all his sons. Coivel. GA'VELOCK*. n. s. [ftaveloc, Sax.] An iron crow. Sometimes called Gqfflock. GA'VOT, gav'-ut.w. s. [gavotte, Fr.] A kind of dance. Arbuthnot. GA'WBY* gaw'-be. n. s. [gabe, Fr.] A dunce, fool, or blockhead. GAWD*. See Gaud. GAWKS, gawk. 219. n. s. feeac, Sax.] A cuckoo. A foolish fellow. Brand. GA'WKY*, gaw'-ke. n. s. A stupid, half-witted, or awkward person. GA'WKY*, gaw'-ke. a. Awkward ; ungainly. Pen- nant. To GAWM*, See To Gaum. GAWN, gawn. n. s, [corrupted for gallon ] A small tub or lading vessel. GA'WNTREE, gawn'-tre. n. s. [Scottish.] A wood en frame on which beer casks are set when tunned GAY$,ga. 220. a, [gay, Fr.] Airy ; cheerful ; merry ; frolick. Pope. Fine ; showy. James, ii. Specious* Milton, 419 GEH GEN inr 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin;— GAY, ga. n. s. An ornament; an embellishment. UEstrange. GA'YETY, ga'-e-te. n. s. Cheerfulness; airiness; merriment. Acts of juvenile pleasure. Denham. Finery; show. GAYLY, ga'-le. ad. Merrily; cheerfully; airily. Bp. Hall. Splendidly ; pompously. Gay. GA'YNESS, ga'-nes. n.s. Gayety; finery. Bp. Hall. GA'YSOME* ga'-sum. a. Full of gayety. Mirror for Magistrates. To GAZE$, gaze. v. n. [£erean, Sax.] To look in- tently and earnestly ; with eagerness. Shakspeare. $£/= Ben Jonson says in his Grammar, that, in the end of "many English words, (where the letter i is only prop- erly used,) "it seems to sound as s, as in maze, gaze ; as, on the contrary, words writ with s sound like z, as muse, hose, nose, &c." By which we may observe the differ- ence of pronunciation in two centuries, and that the al- teration has been in favour of analogy. W. To GAZE, gaze. v. a. To view steadfastly. Milton. GAZE, gaze. n. s. Intent regard ; look of eagerness or wonder ; fixed look. Spenser. The object gazed on. Milton. GA / ZEFUL,gaze / -ful. a. Looking intently. Spenser. GA'ZEHOUND, gaze'-hofind. n, s. A hound that pursues not by the scent, but by the eye. Tickell. GAZE'L, [ga y -zel, Johnson; ga-zel', Todd and Webster ; gaz'-eL Perry.] n. s. An Arabian deer. Goldsmith. GA'ZEMENT*, gaze'-ment. n. s. View. Spenser. GA'ZER, ga'-zur. n. s. He that gazes. Spenser. GA'ZET*, ga-zeV. W. n.s. [gazetta,It<5//?.] Earth-stone. GEO GRAPHER, je-Sg'-gra-fur. 116,257. n.s. One who describes the earth according to the position of its different parts. Brown. GEOGRA'PHICAL,je-6-graf-e-kal.a. Relating to geography. GEOGRAPHICALLY, je-6-graP-e-kal-e. ad. In a geographical manner. Broome. GEOGRAPHY^, je-og'-gra-fe. 116, 257, 518. n.s. [yrj and ypa'0w.] The Tinowledge of the earth. Watts. GEO'LOGY, je-6l / -6-je. n. s. [yrj and \6yos.~] The doctrine of the earth. GE'OM ANCER, je'-6-man-sur. n. s. A fortune teller ; a caster of figures. Brown. GE'OMANCY §, je'-o-man-se. 519. n. s. [yr, and ^av- Tua.~] The act of casting figures. Ayliffe. GEOMA'NTICK, je-6-man'-tik. a. Pertaining to the act of casting figures. Dryden. GEO'METER, je-om'-e-tur. n. s. [yt^irpris.] One skilled in geometry ; a geometriciap. Bp. Hall. GEO'METRAL,je-5m'-e-tral. a. Pertaining to ge- ometry. Diet. GEOME'TRICAL, je-6-meV-tre-kal. ) a. Pertain- GEOME'TRICK, je-o-meY-trlk. $ ing to geom- etry. More. Prescribed or laid down by geometry. Stilling ft. Disposed according to geometry. Grew. GEOMETRICALLY, je-6-mel'-tre-ka.l-e. ad. Ac- cording to the laws of geometry. Wilkins. GEOMETRI'CIAN, je-6m-e-trfsh'-an. n. s. One skilled in geometry. Broivn. To GEO'METRIZE, je-6m'-e-trlze. v. n. To act ac- cording to the laws of geometry. GEO'METRYf. je-6m'-me-tre. 116, 257, 518. n. s. [ymjitToia.'] The science of quantity, extension, or magnitude, abstractedly considered. Harris. GEOPO'NlCAL, je-6-pon'-e-kal. a. Relating to ag riculture. Brmvn. GEOPO'NICKS$,je-6-p6n'-iks. n.s. [yTi and irdvos .] The science of cultivating the ground ; the doc- trine of agriculture. Evelyn. GEORGE, j6rje. n.s. [Georgius, Lat.] A figure of St. George on horseback worn by the knights of the garter. Shak. A brown loaf. Dryden. — George Noble. A gold coin, current at six shillings and eightpence, in the reign of king Henry VIII. Leake. GE'ORGICK$,j6r'-jfk. 116. [See Construe.] n.s. [ytupyiKbv.] Some part of the science of husband- ry put into a pleasing dress, and set off with all the beauties and embellishments of poetry. Addison. GE'ORGICK,j6r'-j?k. \a. Relating to the GE'ORGICAL*, j6r'-je-kal. $ doctrine of agricul- ture. Gay. , „ GEORGIUM SZPtfS*, jor'-je-um-sl'-dfts. n. s. [Latin ; called after his majesty king George III.] One of the planets. Adams. GEO'SCOPY*, je-6s'-k6-pe. n. s. [yrj and aKoncu.l of A kind of knowledge of the nature and qualities the ground or soil, gained by viewing and coa sidenng it. n Chambers. 423 GET GIA — no, move, nflr, nAt ;— tube, tub, bull ; — 6?l ;— pfifind ;— th\n, THis. GEOTICKJeot'-ik 509. a. [from yi}.] Belonging to the earth: terrestrial. Diet. GERA'MUM*, je-ra'-ne-um. n. s. [yepdvtov.] A plant. Miller. GERENT, je'-reni. a. [gereiis, Lat.] Carrying; bearing. Diet GE'RFALCONJer'-faw-kn. n.s. [geirfalA, Germ.] A bird of prey, in size between a vulture and a hawk. Sir T. Brown. GE'RKIN*. See Gheiikin. GERM, jenn. n.s. [gennen, Lat.J A sprout or shoot ; that part which grows and spreads. Brown. GE'RMAN$, j. xi. ERFA'LCON*. See Gkrfalcon. GIF*, glf. con}. [£ip, Sax. if.] ]f. Perafs Rel. GIFT§, gift. 382. n. s. [jjipfc, Sax.] A thing given or bestowed. St. Matt. ii. The act of giving. Mil- ton. The right or power of bestowing. Milton. Oblation ; offering. Tob. xiii. A bribe. Deat. xvi. Power; faculty. ShaJcspeare. To GIFT*, gilt. v. a. To endow with any faculty or power. Bp. Hall. Gl'FTED, gif-leU a. Given; bestowed. Milton. Endowed with extraordinary powers. Dry den. GFFTEDNESS*, glf-ted-nSs. n. s. The state of be- ing endowed with extraordinary powers. Echard. GIG§, gig. 382. n.s. An)' thing that is whirled round in play. Locke. [ Gigia, leelandick/j A fiddle. A dart or harpoon. History of Virginia. A wanton girl. A ship's wherry. A light vehicle, with two wheels, drawn by one horse. To GIG*, jig. v. a. [gignOf Lat.] To engender. Dryden. GIGANTE'AN^jl-gan-te'-an. a. Like a giant; ir- resistible. More. GlGA'NTICAL*,jl-gan'-te-kal. a. Big; bulky. GlGA'NTICKJl-gan'-tik. 217. a. [giganies, Lat.] Suitable to a giant ; big ; bulky ; enormous. Milton. GIGA'NTINE*, jl-gan'-tin. a. Giantlike. Bullokar. GFGGLE* glg'-gl. n.s. A kind of laugh. Barrow. To GI GGLE §, glg'-gl. 382. v. n. [^se^l, Sax.] To laugh idly ; to tnter. Garrick. Gl'GGLER, gig'-gl-fir. n. s. A laugher ; a titterer. Herbert. GI'GLOT, gig'-lot. n. s. [^se^l, Sax.] A wanton ; a lascivious girl. Sliakspeare. GI'GLOT*. gigM&t. a. Inconstant; giddy; light; wanton. Sliakspeare. GIGOT,j]g'-h. n. s. [Fr.] The hip joint; a slice. Chapman. GFLBERTINE*, gil'-bfir-tlne. n. s. One of a reli- gious order named from Gilbert, lord of Sempring ham, in the county of Lincoln. GFLBERTINE*, gil'-bur-llne. a. Belonging io the order of the Gilbertines. Weerer. To GILD$, gild. 382. [Sec Guilt.] v. a. pret. gild- ed, or gill, foilban, Sax.] To overlay with thingold. Spenser. To cover with any yellow matter. Shak. To adorn with lustre. Pope. To brighten ; to illu- minate. South. To recommend by adventitious ornaments. Sliakspeare. GILD*. See Guild. GILDER, gil'-dur. n. s. One who lays gold on the surface of any other body. Bacon. A coin, from one shilling and sixpence to two shillings. Shak. GI'LDING, gSl'-dlng. n. s. Gold laid on any surface by way of ornament. Bacon. GILL,gll,or jil.382. n. s. [agulla, Span. ; gnla, Lat.] The apertures at each side of a fish's head. Milton. The flaps that Y ing below the beak of a fowl. Ba- con. The flesh under the chin. Bacon. [Gilla. barbarous Lat.] A measure of liquids containing the fourthpart of a pint; or, in some places, half a pint. Swift. A kind of measure among the tinners. Carew. [From Gillian.] The appellation of a woman in ludicrous language ; a wanton. Shak. A plant ; ground-ivy. Shenstone. Malt liquor med- icated with ground-ivy. A fissure in a hill. Sprat. A place hemmed in with two steep brows or banks, a rivulet running between them. Ray. A rivulet or brook. Grose. 424 GIN GIS — no, move ii6r, not ; -tube, tftb, bull ;— 6il ;- —pound ; — tJim, mis. #y- When gill means the aperture below the head of a fish, it 13 always pronounced with the g hard, as in guflt ; when it signifies a measure, a woman, a plant, or a liquor, it is always heard with the nrsoft.as if writ- ten jiu. — See Bowl. W. GFLLHOUSEJil'-hdtise. n.s. A house where gi 1 1 is sold. Pop?. GILLIAN*, jll'-le-an. n. s. A wanton. Beaum. and Fl. GILLYFLOWER, jil'-le-fiSur. n. s. [corrupted from July /lower.] A flower of* which there are three sorts"; red and white, purple and while, scarlet and white. Mortimer. GILSE*. n. s. A young salmon. GILT, g?lt. 382. 7i. s. Golden show ; gold laid on the surface of any matter. Sha/cspeare. GILT. g?lt. 5G0. The participle of gild. GPLTHEAD, gllt'-hed. n. s. A sea fish. Hakewill. A bird. Hakewill. GILT-TAIL, gilt' -tile. n. s. A worm so called from its yellow tail. GUM" j?m. a. Neat : spruce ; well dressed. An old word. GFMBAL*. ) n Ar , GI'MBOL* \ e " EMEL an " Gimmal. GI'MCRACK, jim'-krak. n.s. [from gim and crack.] A slight or trivial mechanism. Beaumont and Fl. GI'MLET, glm'-let 382. n. s. A borer with a screw at its point. Moxon. GI'MMAL, gim'-mal. n.s. [corrupted from geome- try.] Some little quaint device or piece of machine- ry. Sliaksjieare. GI'MMAL Ring*. See Gemel. GPMMER, glm'-mur. n. s. Movement ; machinery. More. GIMP §*, gimp. a. [gwymp, Welsh.] Nice ; spruce ; trim. GIMP, gimp. 382. n.s. A kind of silk twist or lace. Parnell. GIN§, j?n. n. s. A trap; a snare. [From engine.] Sid- ney. Any thing moved with screws, as an engine of torture. [In mechanicks.] A machine for raising great weights. A pump worked by rotatory sails. VVoodioard. [Contracted from Geneva.] The spirit drawn by distillation from juniper berries. Pope. To GIN* jin. v. a. To catch in a trap. Beaum. and Fl. To GIN §*, gin. v.n. [£ynnam, Sax.] To begin. Widiffe. GIN*, gin. conj. [ftip, Sax.] If. Grose. GING*, ging. n.s. [for gang.] A company. B.Jons. GI'NGER}, jln'-jfir. n. s. [zinziber, Lat.] A root of the tuberous kind, of a hot, acrid, and pungent taste. Hill. GPNGERBREAD, jin'-jur-breU n. s. A kind of farinaceous sweetmeat made of dough, like that of bread or biscuit, sweetened with treacle, and fla- voured with ginger and some aromatick seeds. Shakspeare. GPNGERLY, jin'-jur-le. ad. Cautiously ; nicely. S&eltm. GPNGERNESSJln'-jur-nes. r«.s. Niceness ; tender- ness. Diet. GFNGIVALJm'-je-val. a. [gingiva, hat.] Belong- ing to the gums. Holder. To GI'NGLE§, jlng'-gl. 405. v.n. [klincken, Teut.l To utter a sharp, clattering noise. Beaum. and Fl. To make an affected sound in periods or cadence. Howell. To GI'NGLE, jing'-gl. v. a. To shake so that a sharp, shrill. clattering noise should be made.- Pope. GPNGLE, jlng'-gl. n.s. A shrill resounding noise. Howell. "Affectation in the sound of periods. GPNGLYMOII), glng'-gle-mdid. a. [yiyy^os and eiSof.] Resembling a ginglymus; approaching to a ginsrlymus. Holder 'NGLYMUS, gmg'-gle-mfis. n. s. A mutual in- denting of two bones into each other's cavity, in the manner of a hinge; of which the elbow is an instance. Wiseman. GPNNET, jln'-n&i. n. s. A nag ; a mule ; a degen- erated breed. GFNSENG, jln'-s&ng.w.s. [Chinese.] A root brought lately into Europe, of an aromatick smell. Hill. 54 I To GIP, jlp. v. a. To take out the guts of herrings. I Bailey. GIPO'N*. See Juppon. iGPPSY$,j?p'-se. 438. n. s. [Corrupted from Egyp- I lion.] A vagabond who pretends to foretell futurity, commonly by palmistry or physiognomy. Milton. A reproachful name for a dark complexion. Shak. A name of slight reproach to a woman. Prior. GPPSY*, jlp'-se. a. Denoting the language spoken by the gipsies. Brand. Denoting any jargon or cant. Burke. GFPSY1SM* jip'-se-lzm. n. s. The stale of a gipsy. Overbunj. GrRAJSIDOLE*,tfri-im-Ab\e.n.s. [Fr.l A larjre indent kind of branched candlestick ; a chandelier. GPRASOLE, jir / -a-s61e. n. s. [girasok, Fr.] The herb turnsol. The opal stone. To GIRD §, gerd. 382, 560. v. a. pret. girded, or girt. [ftypban, Sax.] To bind round. 2 Mac.^ x. To Cut on so as to surround or bind. Swift. To fasten y binding. Millon. To invest. Shak. To dress; to habit ; to clothe. Ezek. xvi. To cover round as a garment. Milton.. To furnish ; to equip. Milton.. To enclose ; to encircle. Millon. To reproach ; to gibe. Shakspeare. 95= We may observe that the swordplav. Gay ton. GLA'DLY, glad'-le. ad. Joyfully; with gayety ; with merriment. Shakspeare. GLA'DNESS, glad'-nes. n.s. Cheerfulness; joy ; ex- ultation. Esther, viii. GLA'DSHIP* glad'-shlp. n. s. State of gladness. Gower. Ob. T. GLA'DSOME, glad'-sum. a. Pleased ; gay ; delight- ed. Spenser. Causing joy ; having an appearance of gavety. Chaucer. GLA'DSOMELY, glad'-sum-le. ad. With gayety and delight. Pleasant Pathicaye. GLATJSOMENESS, glad'-sum-nes. n. s. Gayety ; showiness; delight. GLAIR §, glare, n.s. [glarea, Lat.] The white of an egg. Chaucer. Any viscous, transparent matter, like the white of an egg. Fordyce. To GLAIR, glare, v. a. To smear with the white of an egg. GLAIVE*. See Glave. GLANCE §, glanse. 78, 79. n. s. [glantz, Germ.] A sudden shoot of light or splendour. Milton. A stroke or dart of the beam of sight. Bacon. A snatch of sight; a quick view. Watts. To GLANCE, glanse. v. n. To shoot a sudden ray of splendour. Spenser. To fly off in an oblique di- rection. Shak. To strike in an oblique direction. Pope. To view with a quick cast of the eye; to play the eye. Suckling. To censure by oblique hints. Slrnkspeare. To GLANCE, glanse. v. a. To move nimbly; to shoot obliquely. Shakspeare. GLA'NCING*, glan'-slng. n. s. Censure by oblique hints. Milton. , GLA'NCINGLY, glan'-sing-le. ad. In an oblique, broken manner ; transiently. Hakewill. GLAND §, gland, n. s. [glans, Lat.] An organ of GLA OLE — 116, move, 1161-, n6t ;— tube, tub, bull ;— oil ; — pound ;— th'm, THis. die body, of which there are many, secretory or absorbent. Wiseman. GLA NDERED* glan'-durd. a. Having the distem- fier called the glanders, Bp. Berkeley. .ANDERS, glau'-ddrz. n. *. [from g&mtf^ i„ B horse, is the running- of corrupt matter from the nose. Farrier's Diet. GLAND1 FEROUS, glan-dlf-fe-r&s. a. [glansmd /cro. Lat.] Bearing mast 3 bearing- acorns, or fruit 'like acorns. Mortimer. GLA NDULAR*, glan'-du-lar. a. Pertaining to the glands. GLANDULE $, glan'-dule. n. s. [gAwutoto, Lat.] A small gland. Jtaj/. GLANDULO / Srry,glan-di-l6s'-e-te. n.s. A col- lection of glands. Brown. GLANDLLOUS.glan'-du-lus. 294. a. Pertaining to the glands ; subsisting in the glands 5 having the nature of glands. Brown. To GLARES, glare, v. n. [glaren, Dutch.] To shine so as to dazzle the eyes. Bacon. To look with fierce, piercing eyes. ShaJc. To shine ostentatious- ly. Fetton. To GLA RE, glare, v. a. To shoot such splendour as the eye cannot bear. Milton. GLARE." glare, n.s. Overpowering lustre; splen- dour, such as dazzles the eye. Dryden. A fierce, piercing look. Milton. GLARE*, glare, n. s. Any viscous, transparent mat- ter. See CtLair. GLA'REOUS, gla'-re-us. a. [glareosus, Lat.] Con- sisting of viscous, transparent matter, like the white of an egg. GLA'RING, gla'-rfng. a. Applied to any thing noto- rious : as. a glaring crime. GLARINGLY*, gla'-rlng-le. ad. Evidently; noto- riously. The Student. GLASS §, glas. 79. n. s. [^laer 1 , £la]", Sax.] An ar- tificial substance made by fusing fixed salts and flint or sand together, with a vehement fire. Peach- am. A glass vessel of any kind. Shah. A look- ing glass ; a mirror. Isaiah, iii. — An hour glass. A glass used in measuring lime by the flux of sand. Shak. — The destined time of man's life. Cluxpman. A cup of glass used to drink in. Slutlc. The quan- tity of wine usually contained in a glass; a draught. Bp. Taylor. A perspective glass. Milton. A glass that shows the weight of the air. Toiler. GLASS, glas. a. Vitreous; made of glass. Shale. To GLASS, glas. v. a. To see as in a glass; to rep- resent as in a glass or mirror. Sidney. To case in glass. ShaJc. To cover with glass; to glaze. Boyle. GLA'SS BLOWER*, glas'-blo-ur. n. s. One whose business is to blow or fashion glass. GLA'SSFUL*, glassful, n. s. As much as is usual- ly taken at once in a glass. Sir T. Herbert. GLASSFiJRNACE, glas'-f&r-nls. n. s. A furnace in which glass is made by liquefaction. Locke. GLA'SSGAZING, glas'-ga-zmg. a. Finical ; often contemplating himself in a mirror. Shakspeare. GLA'SSGRINDER, glas'-grmd-fir. n.s. One whose trade is to polish and grind glass. Boyle. GLA'SSHOUSE, glas'-ho&se. n. s. A house where glass is manufactured. Addison. GLA'SSINESS*, glas'-se-nes. n. s. The making of flass. Cotgrave. Smoothness, like glass. Sir W. 'etty. GLA'SSLIKE* glasMlke. a. Clear; resembling glass. Dryden. GLA'SSMAN, glas'-man. 88. n. s. One who sells glass. Swift. GLA'SSMETAL, glas'-mfit-tl. n. s. Glass in fusion. Bacon. GLA'SSWORK, glas'-wfirk. n.s. Manufactory of elass. Bacon. A'SSWORT, glas'-w&rt. n. s. A plant. Miller. CLA'SSY, glas'-se. a. Made of glass ; vitreous. Ba- con. Resembling glass, in smoothness, lustre, or britlleness. Sliakspeare. GLA'STONBURY Thorn, glas-sn-ber-e-tfidrn'. n. s. A species of medlar. Miller. GLAUCO'MA, giaw-k6'-ma. n. s. [yAavKo^a.] A fault in the eye, which changes the crystalline hu- mour into a grayish colour, without detriment of sight. Quincy. GLA'UCOUS*, glaw'-kus. a. [yXauKd*.] Gray, or blue. Pennant, GLAVE, glave. 71.5. [glaive, Fr.] A broad-sword ; a falchion. Spenser. To GLA'VER$, glav'-fir. v. n. [glafr, Welsh.] To flatter ; to wheedle. South. GLA'VERER*, glav'-fir-fir. n. s. A flatterer. Mir- ror for Magistrates. GLA'YMOltE*, gla/-m6re. n. s. [claidhamh, Gael, and more.] A large two-handed sword, formerly much used by the Highlanders of Scotland. John- son. To GLAZED, glazo. v. a. [To glass, only accident- ally varied.] To furnish with windows of glass. Bacon. To cover with glass, as potters do their earthen ware. To overlay with something shining and pellucid. Shakspeare. GLA'ZEN*, gla'-zn. a. [£la]-en, Sax.] Resembling glass. Wic/i/fe. GLA'ZIER, gla'-zhfir. 283, 450. n. s. One whose trade is to make glass windows. Moxon. GLEAD*. See Glede. GLEAMS, gleme. 227. n.s. felaem, ^leam, Sax.] Sudden shoot of light; lustre ; brightness. Spenser. To GLEAM, gleme. v. n. To shine with sudden co- ruscation. Milton. To shine. Thomson. GLE'AMING*, gle'-mmg. n. s. A sudden shoot of light. Thomson. GLE'AMY, gle'-me. a. Flashing; darting sudden coruscations of light. Pope. To GLEAN §, glene. 227. v. a. [glaner, Fr.] To gath- er what the gatherers of the harvest leave behind. Ruth, ii. 1*0 gather any thing thinly scattered. Shaksj>eare. GLEAN, glene. n. s. Collection made laboriously by slow degrees. Dryden. GLE'ANER, gle'-nur. n. s. One who gathers after the reapers. Thomson. One who gathers any thing slowly and laboriously. Locke. GLE'ANING, gkV-nmg, ?/. s. The act of gleaning, or thing gleaned. Bible. GLEBE S 7 glebe, n. s. [gleba, Lat.] Turf; soil ; ground. Drayton. The land possessed as part of the reve- nue of an ecclesiastical benefice. Spelman. GLE'BOUS. gle'-bus. a. Turfy. Diet. GLE BY. gle'-be. a. Turfy. Prior. GLEDE, glede. n.s. fcliba, Sax.] A kind of hawk. Deid. [S^oS^ Sax -] Joy ; merriment} A song, sung in parts ; a species [glvyeren, Teut.] To squint. [£leb, Sax.] A hot, glowing Gay; merry; cheerful. GLEE S, glee. n. s. gayely. Spenser. of catch. Mason. ToGLEE*.gle. > ToGLY* gll. \ Vl GLEED, glede. n.s. coal. Chaucer. GLE'EFUL, glee'-ful. Shakspeare. Ob. J. GLEEKS, gleek. n. s. Musick. Shak. A scoff; a joke. Beaumont and Fletcher. A game at cards. [olic, old Fr.j B. Jonson. To GLEEK, gleek, v.n. [#155, Sax.] To sneer: to gibe ; to droll upon. Shak. To fool or spend time idly, with something of mimickry or drollery. GLE'EMAN* gle'-man. n. s. [^li^man, Sax.] A musician ; a minstrel. Fabyan, To GLEEN, gleen. p. n. To shine with heat or pol- ish, [glia, Ice!.] Prior. GLE'ESOME* gle'-sum. a. Full of merriment ; joy- ous. W, Browne. GLEETS, gleet, n.s. [glat, glaeta, Icel.] A sanious ooze ; a thin ichor running from a sore. Wiseman. To GLEET, gleet, v. n. To drip or ooze with a thin, sanious liquor. Wiseman. To run slowly, Cheyne. GLE'ETY, glee'-te, a. lchory ; thinly sanious. Wise- man. GLEN, glen. n. s. [gleann, Gael] A valley ; a dale; a depression between two hills. Spenser, 427 I GLO GLO (CT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 3— me, met;— pine, pin GLENE* glene. re. s. [yh'/vn-] [lu anatomy.] The cavity or socket of the eye ; any shallow cavity of bones. GLEW$, glu. re. s. [gluten, Lat.] A viscous cement, See Glue. To GLEW*, glu. v. a. To join ; to unite. Abp. Land. GLE'WER*, gliV-fir. re. s. One who glueth papers, parchments, or other thing-. Huloet. GLE'WINESS*, ghV-e-nes. re. s. Adhesh e quality ; viscousness. Sherwood. GLE'WISH*, gla'-ish. a. Partaking- of the nature of £lue. Huloet. E'WY*, ghV-e. a. Adhesive 5 viscous. Hakewill. GLIB§, glib. a. [Xft'o?.] Smooth ; slippery ; so formed as to be easily moved. Burnet. Smooth ; volub'e Slutkspeare. GLIB, glib, n. s. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over the eyes. Spertser. To GLIB, glib. v. a. To castrate. Shak. To make smooth or glib. Bp. Hall. GLFBLY, gllb'-le. ad. Smoothly; volubly. Patrick. GLFBNESS, ghV-n&s. re. s. Smoothness 3 slipperi- ness. Chapman. To GLIDES, glide, v.n. [glidan, Sax.] To flow gently and silently. Fairfax. To pass on without change of step. Dnjden. ' To move swiftly and smoothly along. Sluikspeare. GLIDE, glide, re. s. Lapse ; act or manner of passing smoothly. Shakspeare. GLFDER, gll'-dur. n. s. That which glides. Spenser. In the north of England, a snare. GLIFF*, glif. re. s. [glia, lcel.] A transient view ; a flimpse. IKE, gllke. re. s. fells', Sax.] A sneer; a scoff 3 a flout. To GLFMMER§, gllm'-mur. v.n. [glimmer, Dan.] To shine faintly. Shak. To be perceived imper- fectly ; to appear faintly. GLFMMER, guW-mur. n. s. Faint splendour 3 weak light. Shak. A kind of fossil. Woodward. GLFMMERING*, glW-m&r-ing. n. s. Faint or im- perfect view. Wotton. To GLIMPSE §*, gllmps. v. re. [from glimmer.] To appear by glimpses. Drayton. GLIMPSE, gllmps. n. s. A weak, faint light. Milton. A quick, flashing light. Milton. Transitory lustre. Cowley. Short, fleeting' enjoyment. Prior. A short, transitory view. Milton. The exhibition of a faint resemblance. Shalcspearc. To GLI'STEN, glls'-s'n. .472. «. n. [gleissen, Germ.] To shine 5 to sparkle with light. Hammond. To GLFSTER, ghV-tur. v.n. [glinsteren, Teut.] To shine ; to be bright. Spenser. GLFSTER*, glls'-tur. n.s. Lustre; glitter. Greene. GLPSTER. See Clyster. GLFSTERINGLY*, gtfs'-tar-lng-le. ad. Brightly 3 splendidly. Sherwood. GLIT*. See Gleet. To GLITTER, ghV-tur. v.n. [glitta, lcel. 3 glitra, Swed.l To shine; to exhibit lustre 5 to gleam. Dry- den. To be specious ; to be striking. Young. GLITTER, glff-tur. re, s. Lustre; bright show-; splendour. Milton. GLITTERAND^hY-tfir-and. part. Shining; spark- ling. Clumcer. GLITTERING*, ghV-t&r-lng. n. s. Lustre; gleam. Bacon. GLITTERINGLY, ghV-tfir-lng-le. ad. Radiantly ; with shining lustre. Sherwood. To GLOAM*, glime. v. n. [ghim, Germ.] To be sullen ; to be melancholy. Gammer Garton's Needle. To GLOAR, glore. v. a. [gloeren, Dutch.] To squint ; to look askew. Skinner. To stare. To GLOAT, glote. y. n. [glutta, Swed.] To cast aside glances as a timorous lover; to stare with ad- miration, eagerness, or desire. Rome. GLO BARD, gW-bard. n. s. [from glow.'] A glow- worm. GLO'BATED, glo'-ba-ted. a. [from globe.] Formed in shape of a globe ; spherical ; spheroidical. GLOBE $, glibe. n. s. [globus, Lat.] A sphere ; a ball ; a round body ; a body of which every part of the surface is at the same distance from the centre. The terraqueous ball. Stepneij. A sphere in which the various regions of the earth are geographically depicted, or in which the constellations are laid down according to their places in the sky. Cleave- land. A body or soldiers drawn into a circle. Milton. GLOBE Amaranth, or Everlasting Flower, n. s. A flower. Miller. GLOBE Daisy, n. s. A kind of flower. GLOBE Fish. n.s. A kind of orbicular fish. GLOBE Ranunculus, n. s. A plant. Miller. GLOBE Thistle, n. s. A plant. Miller. To GLOBE* gl6be. v. a. To gather round together. Milton. GLOBOSE $, glo-bose'. a. [globosus, Lat.] Spher- ical; round. Milton. GLOBOSITY, gl6-b&s'-e-te. n. s. Sphericity; spher- icalness. Ray. GLO'BOUS, gl.'] Describing the methods of en- graving figures on precious stones. Brit. Crit. GLYPTOGRAPHY*, gllp-t&^-ra-fe. n. s. A de- scription of the art of engraving upon gems. Brit. Crit. To GNAR, nar. > v. n. [gnyppan, Sax.] To To GNARL, nark 384, \ growl; to murmur; to snarl. Spenser. GNA'RLED, narMed. a. Knotty. Shakspeare. To GNASH §, nash. 384. v. a. '[knaschen, Dutch.] To strike together ; to clash. Ecclus. To GNASH, nash. v. n. To grind or collide the teeth. Psalm. To rage even to collision of the teeth ; to fume ; to growl. Spenser. GNA'SHING*, iiash'-lnff. n.s. Collision of the teeth in rage or pain. St. Matthew. GNAT§, nat. 384. n.s. [£nsefc, Sax.] A small winged stinging insect. Shakspeare. Any thing proverbially small. St. Matthew. GNA'TFLOWER, nat'-flou-ur. n. s. The beeflower. GNATHO'NICAL §*, na-tf^n'-e-kal. a. [gnctlwni- cus, Lat.] Deceitful in words ; flattering ; like a smellfeast or parasite. Bullokar. GNATHO'NICALLY* na-^n'-e-kal-le. ad. Flat- teringly; deceitfully. Cockeram. GNA'TSNAPPER, nat'-snap-pur. n. s. A bird that lives by catching gnats. Hakewill. GNxVTWORM*, nat'-wurm. n.s. A small water insect produced of a gnat. To GNAW §, naw.384. v. a. [^nagan, Sax.] To eat by degrees; to devour by slow corrosion. Chap- man. To bite by agony or rage. Shak. To wear away by biting. Sliak. To fret; to waste; to cor- rode. To pick with the teeth. Dryden. To GNAW, naw. v. n. To exercise the teeth. Sidney. GNA'WER, naw'-ur. 98. n. s. One that gnaws. Bp. Andreics. To GNFB3LE*, mV-bh See To Nibble. GNOFF*, nof. n. s. A miser. Comment, upon Chau- cer's Mill Tale. GNOME §*, n6me. n. s. [yvw/ir].] A brief reflection, worthy to be remembered. Peacham. One of those invisible people, who are fabled to inhabit the in- eer parts of the earth, and to fill it to the centre. Pope. GNO'MICAL*, ncW-e-kal. a. Sententious; con- taining maxims or reflections. Conference at Hamp- ton Court. GNOMOLO'GICAL*, n&m-6-l6dje'-e-kal. ) a. Per- GNOMOLO'GICK*, n&m-6-l6dje'-fk. $ taining to gnomology. Ash. GNOMOLOGY*, n6-m&l'-6-je. n. s. [yv^t, and Xoyoj.] A collection of maxims and reflections. Miltoh. GNO'MON^, n6'-m6n. 384. n. s. [yvefywv.] The hand or pin of a dial. Harris. GNOMO'NICK*, no-m&n'-fk. ) a. Pertaining to GNOMO'NICAL*, no-mdn'-e-kal. \ the art of dial- ling. Clietmbers. GNOMO'NICKS, n6-m6nMks. 509. n. s. [yvwuov- iirfi.] A science which teaches to find the just pro- portion of shadows for the construction of all kinds of sun and moon dials. Trevoux. GNO'STICISM* n&s'-te-slzra. n.s. The heresy of the Gnosticks. More. GNOSTICK*, nos'-tlk. n.s. [yvwcTiKh.] One of the earliest hereticks. Tillotson. GNO STICK*, nos'-tlk. a. Relating to the heresy of the Gnosticks. Percy. To GO 6, go. v. n. pret. J. went; I have gone, [£an, Sax.] To walk ; to move step by step. Shak. To move, not stand still. St. malt. xxvi. To walk solemnly. Hooker. To walk leisurely, not run. Shak. To march or walk a-fbot. Numb. xx. To travel; to journey. Milton. To proceed; to make a progress. Drydm. To remove fiom place to place. Shak. To depart from a place ; to remove from a place. Shak. To move or pass in any man- ner, or to any end. Tusser. To pass in company with others. Jer. xxxi. To proceed in any course of life, good or bad. EzeJc. xliv. To proceed in mental operations. Digby. To take any road. Deut. ii. To march in a hostile or warlike man- ner. Shak. To change state or opinion for better or worse. Bacon. To apply one's self. Sidneu To have recourse to. 1 Cor. To De about to do. Locke. To shift ; to pass life not quite well. Locke. To decline ; to tend towards death or ruin. Shak. To be in party or design. Dryden. To escape. 2 Mace. xii. To tend to any act. Shak. To be uttered. Addison. To be talked of; to be known. Addison. To pass ; to be received. Sidney. To move by mechanism. Bacon. To be in motion from whatever cause. Shak. To move in any di- rection. 2 Kings, xx. To flow ; to pass ; to have a course. Dryden. To have any tendency. Dry- den. To be in a state of compact or partnership. L' 'Estrange. To be regulated by any method ; to proceed upon principles. Hooker. To be preg- nant. Shak. To pass; not to remain. Judges, xvi. To pass; not to be retained. Sluik. To be ex- pended. Felton. To be in order of time or place. Watts. To reach or be extended to any degree. Locke. To extend to consequences. L'Estrange. To reach by effects. Wilkins. To extend in mean- ing. Dryden. To spread ; to be dispersed ; to reach. Tate. To have influence; to be of weight ; to be of value. Temple. To be rated one with another ; to be considered with regard to greater or less worth. Arbuthnot. To contribute ; to con- duce ; to concur; to be an ingredient. Bacon. To fall out, or terminate ; to succeed. Shak. To be in any state. Job, xx. To proceed in train or con- sequence. Sluik. — To go about. To attempt; to endeavour ; to set one's self to any business. South. To go aside. To err ; to deviate from the right. Numb. v. To go between. To interpose ; to mod- erate between two. Shak. To go by. To pass away unnoticed. Shak. To find or get in the con- clusion. Milton. To observe as a rule. Sharp. To go down. To be swallowed ; to be received, not rejected. Dryden. To go in and out. To do the business of life. Psalm. To beat liberty. St. John, x. To go off. To die ; to go out of life ; to decease. Siuxk. To depart from a post. Shak. To fire. Hudibras. To go on. To make attack. B. Jonson. To proceed. Sidney. To go over. To revolt ; to betake himself to another party. Ad- dison. To go out. To go upon any expedition. Sluik. To be extinguished. Bacon. To proceed formally : still an academical phrase ; as, to go out grand compounder. Fanshaioe. To go through. To perform thoroughly ; to execute. Sidney. To suffer ; to undergo. Arhtithnot. To go upon. To take as a principle. Addison. GO TO, gi-t&o'. interj. Come, come, take the right course. A scornful' exhortation. Also a phrase of exhortation or encouragement. Genesis, xi. GO-BY, g6 / -bl / . n. s. Delusion ; artifice ; circumven tion; over-reach. GO-CART, go'-kart. n. s. A machine in which chil- dren are enclosed to teach them to walk. Prior. GOAD$,g6de. 295. n.s. [^obe,Sax.] A pointed in- strument with which oxen are driven forward. Ec- cl'iis. xxxvin. To GOAD, g6de. v. a. To prick or drive with the goad. To incite; to stimulate ; to instigate. Shak AL, g6le. 295. n. s. [gaule, Fr.] The landmark set up to bound a race ; the point marked out to which racers run. Milion. The starting post. Dryden. The final purpose ; the end to which a design tends. Dryden. Sometimes improperly for gaol or jail. To GOAM*. See To Gaum. GOAR§, gore. 295. n. s. [goror, Welsh.] Any edg- ing sewed upon cloth to strengthen it ; a slip of 430 GOD GOL —116, move, ndr, not ;— tube, tub, bfill ,— oil ;— p6und ;— thin, THis. clolli or linen, inserted in order to widen a gar- ment in anv particular place. Chaucer. GOAR1SH*, goreMsh. a. Patched ; mean; dog- gerel. Beaumont and Fletcher. GOAT§, g6te. 295. n.s. [Xafc, Sax.] A ruminant animal, that seems a middle species between deer and sheep. Sliakspeare. GOATBEARD, gote'-beerd. n. 5. A plant. GOA TCHAFER, gote'-tsha-fur. n. s. A kind of beetle. Bailey. GOATFISH*, g6te / -fish. ?*. s. A fish, caught in the Mediterranean. GOATHERD, g6te'-herd. n.s. [£afcand hyjib, Sax.] One whose employment is to tend goats, j Spenser. GOA'TISH, gote'-lsh. a. Resembling a goat in any | quality, as, rankness; lust. ShaJcspeare. GOA'TMARJORAMjgite-mar'-jur-um. n.s. Goat-' beard. GOATMILKER, gote'-milk-ur. n. s. A kind of owl, so called from sucking goals. Bailey. GOAT'S Rue, eotes'-rSo. n. 5. A plant. Hill GOATSUCKER*, gote'-suk-dr. n. s. The bird caprimulgus. GOATS-THORN, g6tes'-i/i6rn. n. s. An herb. GOB, g6b. n. s. [gob, old Fr.] A small quantity. L' Estrange. A mouthful. GOBBET"?, g6b'-blt. n. s. A mouthful ; as much as can be swallowed at once. Wicliffe. To GO'BBET,g6b'-bh. v. a. To svvallow at a mouth- ful. L'Estrange. GOBBETLY*, gob'-bit-le. ad. In pieces. Huloet. Oh. T. To GOBBLES, g&b'-bl. 405. v. a. [from gob.] To swallow hastily with tumult and noise. L'Es- trange. To GOBBLE*, gob'-bl. v.n. To make a noise in the throat, as the turkey does. Prior. GO'BBLEGUT*,gob'-bl-gut. n. s. A greedy feeder. Sherwood. GO'BBLER, gOb'-bl-Qr. n. s. One that devours in haste. GOBETWEEN,g desire to go. Beaumont and Fletcher. To GO'GGLE $, gog'-gl. 405. v. n. [gagr, Icel.] To strain the eyes ; to roll the eyes. Sidney. GO'GGLE*, gog'-gl. n. s. A stare ; a bold or strained look. Beaumord and Fletcher. In the plural : blinds for horses that are apt to take fright ; glasses worn by persons to defend the eye from dust. GO'GGLE*, gog'-gl. a. Staring ; having full eyes. B. Jonson. GOGGLE-EYED, g6g'-gl-ide. 283. a. Having eyes ready to start, as it were, out of the head. As- cliam. GO'GGLED*. gog^-gld. a. Prominent ; staring. Sir T. Herbert. ' GO'ING, g6 / -lng. n. s. The act of walking. Shak. Pregnancy. Grew. Departure. Milton. Pro- ceeding; series of conduct. Job, xxxiv. To GOKE*. See To Gowk. GOLA, go-la. n. s. The same with cymatium. Addison. GOLD _§, g6ld, or g56ld. 164. n. s. [£olb, Sax.] The heaviest, the most dense, the most simple, the most ductile, and most fixed, of all bodies ; not to be in- jured either by air or fire, and seeming incorrupti- ble. Hill. Money. Sliak. Any thing pleasing or valuable. Sluik. A flower. Chaucer. 95= It is much to be regretted, that the second sound of this word is grown much more frequent than the first. It is not easy to guess at the cause of this unmeaning deviation from the general rule ; but the effect is, to im- poverish the sound of tbe language, and to add to its irregularities. It has not, however, like some other words, irrevocably lost its true pronunciation. Rhyme still claims its right to the long open 0, as in hold, cold, fold, &c. " Judges and senates have been bought for gold , " Esteem and love were never to be sold." " Now Europe's laurels on their brows behold, " But stained with blood, or ill exchanged for gold.'' Pope. And solemn speaking, particularly the language of Scripture, indispensably requires the same sound With these established authorities in its favour, it is a disgrace to the language to suffer indolence and vul- 431 GON GOO IT 559.— File, far, fall, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin : garit.y to corrupt it into the second sound.— See Wind. But, since it is generally corrupted, we ought to keep this.^orruption from spreading, by confining it, as much as possible, to familiar objects and familiar occasions ; thus goldbeater, goldfinch, goldfinder, golding, and goldsmith, especially when a proper name, as, Dr. Goldsmith, may admit of the second sound of o, but not golden, as the golden age. W. GOLD of Pleasure, n. s. A plant. GO'LDBEATEN*, gild'-be-tn. a. Gilded ; covered with gold. Pierce Ploughman. GOLDBEATER, gold'-be-tur. n. s. One whose oc- cupation is to beat or foliate gold. Boijle. GOLDBEATER'S Skin, gold'-be-turz-skm'. n. s. The intestinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between the leaves of their metal while they beat it, by which the membrane is reduced thin, and made fit to apply to cuts or small fresh wounds. Mortimer. GO'LDBOUND, g6ld'-b6&nd. a. Encompassed with goid. Slwkspeare. GOLDEN, g6l'-dn. 103. a. Made of gold ; consist- ing of gold. Dan. iii. Shining; bright; splen- did; resplendent. Shak. Yellow; of the colour of gold. Mortimer. Excellent; valuable. Shak. Happy; resembling the age of gold. Shakspeare. GOTiDEN Number*, n. s. The number which shows the year of the moon's cycle. Wheatly. GO'LDEN Rod*, n. s. A plant. GCKLDEN Rule*, n. s. [In arithmetick.] The Rule of Three, or Rule of Proportion. GO'LDEN Saxifrage, n. s. An herb. GO'LDENLY, g6K-dn-le. ad. Delightfully; splen- didly. Shakspeare. GOLDFINCH, gdld'-finsh. n. s. [golbrinc, Sax.] A singing bird, so named from his golden colour. Carew. GOLDFINDER, gold'-find-fir. n. s. One who finds gold. A term ludicrously applied to those that empty jakes. Swift. GO'LDHAMMER, gild'-ham-mur. n. s. A kind of bird. Diet. GO'LDING, g6ld'-mg. n. s. A sort of apple. Diet. GOLDHFLTED* g&d-hllt'-eU a. Having a golden hilt. GO'LDLEAF*, goldMeef. n. s. Beaten gold. GO'LDNEY, gold'-ne. n. s. A fish : the giltliead Diet. GO'LDPLEASURE, gild'-plgzh-ure. n. s. An herb Diet. GO'LDPROOF* gold'-proof. a. Able to resist the temptation of gold. Beaumont and Fletcher. GO'LDSIZE, gild'-slze. n. s. A glue of a golden colour ; glue used by gilders. Peacham. GOLDSMITH, gold'-smfc/i. n. s. [Solb r miS, Sax.] One who manufactures gold. Shak. A banker ; one who keeps money for others in his hands. Ld. Clarendon. i GO'LDYLOCKS, gold'-e-l&ks. n. s. A plant. B. Jonson. GOLF*, golf. n. s. [kolf Dutch and Sw.l A game played with a ball and a club or bat. It consists m driving the ball from one hole to another; and he who drives his ball into the hole with the fewest strokes, is the winner. Strutt. GOLL, gol. n. s. [yva\ov.] Hands ; paws ; claws. Sidney. GOLO'RE*. go-WW. n. s. \gleire, Irish.] Abun- dance. GOM §*, gom. n. s. [gunm, Goth.] A man. Pierce Ploughman's Vision. Ob. T. GO'MAN*, go'-man. n. s. A man. Winter. Ob. T. GOME, g6me. n. s. The black grease of a cart- wheel : probably a corruption oleoom. GOMPHO'SIS, g6m-f6'-sk n. s. [yo^cis.] A particular form of articulation. The connexion of a tooth to its socket. Wiseman. GO'NDOLA, gSn'-d6-la. n.s. {gondola, Ital.] A boat much used in Venice ; a small boat. Spenser. GONDOLFER, g&n-di-leer'. n. s. One that rows a gondola. Sfiakspeare. GONE, gon. part, preter. [from go.] Advanced; for- ward in progress. Mortimer. Ruined; undone. Slutk. Past. Shak. Lost; departed. Acts, xvi. Dead ; departed from life. Oldham. GO'NFALON $, g&V-fa-lun. ) 166. n. s. [gonfanon, GONFANON §, gdn'-f a-iifln. \ Fr. gonfatone, Ital.] An ensign ; a standard. Chaucer. Milton. GONFALONFER* gon-fal-6-neer'. n. s. A chief standard-bearer. Bp. Wren. GONG*, gong. n. s. A draught, or privy ; a jakes. [^anft, Sax.] Chaucer. An instrument of a circu- lar form, made of brass, which the Asialicks strike with a large wooden mallet. GONIO'METERf, g6-ne-&m'-c-tur. n. s. [ywvia and ixtTpov.~\ An instrument for measuring angles. GONIOMETRICAL*, go-ne-6-meV-re-kal. a. Go niometrical lines are used for measuring the quan- tity of angles. Chambers. GONORRHOEA, gon-or-re'-a. n. s. [ y 6vos and pew.] A morbid running of venereal hurts. Wood- ward. GOOD §, gud. 307. a. comp. better, superl. best. [£ob, Sax.] Having such physical qualities as are ex- pected or desired. Not bad; not ill. Gen. i. Proper; fit; convenient. Bacon. Conducive 1o happiness. Gen. ii. Lncorrupted; undamaged. Locke. Wholesome ; salubrious. Prior. Medici- nal ; salutary. Bacon. Pleasant to the taste. Prov~ erbs, xxiv. Complete ; full. Addison. Useful ; valuable. Collier. Sound ; not false ; not falla cious. Alterbury. Legal; valid; rightly claimed or held. Wolton. Confirmed ; attested ; valid. Smith. With as preceding : as good as, no better than. Heb. xi. With as preceding. No worse. Knolles. Well qualified; not deficient. Locke. Skilful; ready; dexterous. South. Happy; pros- perous. Spenser. Honourable. Milton. Cheerful; gay. Addison. Considerable ; not small, though not very great. Acts, xv. Elegant; decent; deli- cate ; with breeding. Addison. Real ; serious ; not feigned. Shak. Rich ; able to fulfil engage- ments. Shak. Virtuous ; pious ; religious. Rom. v. Kind; soft; benevolent. Sidney. Favourable; loving. Psalm lxxiii. Companionable ; sociable ; merry. Shale. It is sometimes used as an epithet of slight contempt, or in a ludicrous sense. Spenser. Hearty ; earnest ; not dubious. Sidney. — In good sooth. Really; seriously. Shak. In good time. Not too fast. Collier. Opportunely. Shale. A col- loquial expression for time enough : as, We are in good time for the occasion. Good [ To make.] To keep ; to maintain ; not to give up ; not to aban- don. Baccm. To confirm; to establish. Shak. To perform. Waller. To supply. L' Estrange. GOOD, gud. n. s. That which physically contributes to happiness ; benefit ; advantage ; the contrary to evil. Locke. Prosperity ; advancement. B. Jon- son. Earnest; not jest. L 1 Estrange. Moral quali- ties, such as are desirable ; virtue ; righteousness ; piety. Psalm xxxiv. Property. Chaucer. That which is right and fit. Spenser. GOOD, gud. ad. Well ; not ill ; not amiss. Reason- ably ; as, good cheap. 2 Esdr. xvi. — As good. No worse. Mi/ion. GOOD, gud. interj. Wei! ! right > To GOOD*, gud. v. a. [goeda, Su. Goth.] To ma- nure. Bp. Mall. GOOD-BREEDING*, gud-breedMng. n. s. Ele- gance of manners derived from a good educa- tion. GOOD-BY*, g&d-bl. ad. [a contraction of God, or good, be zoith you.] A familiar way of bidding fare- well. — It shou 1 ! be written, properly, Gooa b'ye. GOOD-CONDITIONED, gud-kSn-dfsh'-un'd. 362. a. Without ill qualities or symptoms. Sharp. GOOD-DEN*, gud'-den. ad. A form of wishing; a contraction of good-dayen, the Saxon plural of A jolly com- bat/. GOOD-FELLOW, gud-fef-16. n. panion. GOOD-FELLOWSHIP, g&d-feF-lo-shfp. n.s. Mer ry or jolly society. To GOOD-FELLOW*, g&d-feF-lo. v. a. To make a jolly companion ; to besot. Feltliam. 432 GOR GOS 116. move, n6r, not; — tube, tub, t>Gll 5, — dll;— pound;— thin, THis. GOOD-HUMOUR, gud-yiY-mur. n. s. A cheerful and agreeable temper of mind. GOOD-Ill MOURED. trud-viV-mord. a. Cheerful. GOOD-HUMOl REDLY*, gud-yu'-murd-le. ad. In ajcheerful way. Wakefield. GOOD-MANNERS*, gud-man'-nfirz. 71. s. Habitual propriety of maimers. Lord Halifax. GOOD-NATURE, gud-na'-tshure. ». 5. Kindness : habitual benevolence. GOOD-NATURED, gud-na'-tshurd. a. Habitually benevolent. GOOD-NATUREDLY*, gud-na'-tslmre-ed-le. ad. In a kind, benevolent manner. Graves. GOOD-NOW, gfid'-nou. inter/. In good time ; a la tonne heure. Sliak. A soft exclamation of wonder. Dn/den. GOOD-SPEED*, gud'-speed. 7?. s. An old form of wishing success ', success itself. Middleton. GOOD-WILL, gud-wll. n. s. Benevolence ; kind- ness. Earnestness ; heartiness. GOODING*, gud'-lng.zj.s. A custom by women only, who ask alms, and in return wish all that is good. GOODLES9*,gftdUes. a. Without goods or money. :rcr. GOO'DLIHOOD. See Goodlyhead. GOO DLINESS. gud'-le-ngs. n. s. Beauty; grace ; elegance. Sidney. GOODLY, efld'-le. a. Beautiful; graceful ; fine ; splendid. Sidney. Bulky; swelling; affectedly turbid. Dry den. Happv; desirable ; gay. Spenser. GOODLY, gud'-le. ad. Excellently. Spenser. GOO'DLYHEAD, gud'-Ie-hed. n. s. Grace ; good- ness. Spenser. Ob. J. GOODMAN, gud'-man. n. s. A slight appellation of civility. Shak. A rustick term of compliment ; gaffer. Shak. A familiar term for husband. Prov. vii. The master of a family. St. Matt. xxiv. GOODNESS, gud'-nes. n. s.» Desirable qualities either moral or physical ; kindness ; favour. Honker. GOODS, gudz. 7i. s. Movables in a house. Chap- man. Personal or movable estate ; formerly used in the singular number. Leslie. Wares ; freight ; merchandise. Raleigh. GOO'DSHIP*, gud'-shlp. n. s. Favour ; kindness. Goicer. Ob. T. GOO DY, g&d'-de. n. s. [corrupted from goodwife.] A low term of civility used to mean persons. Spen- ser. GOODYSHIP, gud'-e-ship. n. s. The quality of goodv. Hndibras. GOODWIFE*, gud'-wife. n. s. The mistress of a family. Burton. GOODWO'MAN* g&d'-wum-un. n. s. The mistress of a family in the lower walks of life. Evehjn. GOOSE §, goose. 7t. s. plural geese. [£op, Sax.] A large waterfowl proverbially noted for foolishness. Shakspeare. A tailor's smoothing iron. Shakspeare. GOO'SEBERRY, g&oz'-ber-e. n. s. [perhaps goss berry or thorn berry.'] A berry and tree. Miller. GOO'SEBERRY Fool*. See Fool. GOOSECAP, goOse'-kap. n.s. A silly person. Beau- mont and Fletcher. GOO'SEFOOT, gOose'-fut. n.s. Wild orach. Mil- ler. GOO SEGRASS, gSose'-gras. n. s. Clivers ; an herb. Mo/iimer. GOOSEQUILL* goose'-kwll. n.s. A pen made of the quill of a goose. Shakspeare. GO'PPISH*, gop'-pish. a. Proud; testy ; pettish. Ray. GO'RBELLIED, gcV-bel-Hd. 283. a. Fat, bigbelli- ed ; having swelling paunches. Sluikspeare. GORBELLY§, g6r"-bgl-le. n. s. [perhaps gormand, or gormans belly.] A big paunch ; a swelling belly. Shervood. GORCE*. gSrse. n. s. [gors, Norm. Fr.] A pool of water to keep fish in ; a wear. Ob. T. GO'RCGCK*. gfir'-kok. n.s. The moor-cock, or red game ; grouse. GO RCROW*, g6r/-kr6. n. s. The carrion crow. B. Jonson. 55 GORD, g6rd. n.s. An instrument of gaming. Beau- nuvit and Fletcher. GO'RDIAN*, gor'-de-jin. a. [from Gordius, a Phry- gian husbandman, made king by the oracie of Apollo ; who is said to have then tied up his uten- sils of husbandry in the temple, and in a Knot so in- tricate that no one could find out where it began or ended.] Intricate; difficult. Shakspeare. GORE §, gore. 71. s. feon, Sax.] Blood effused from the body. Spenser. Blood clotted or congealed. Mill on. " Dirt; n.ud. Bp. Fisher. To GORE, g6re. v. a. [^ebopian, Sax.] To stab ; to pierce. Sluikspeare. To pierce with a horn Dryden. GORGE §, gorje. n. s. [gorge, Fr.J The throat ; the swallow. Sidney. That which is gorged or swal- lowed. Spenser. A meal or gorgeful given unto birds, especially hawks. Watson. [In architecture.] A kind of concave moulding. [In fortification.] The entrance of a bastion, a ravelin, or other outwork. To GORGE, gdrje. v. a. To fill up to the throat ; to glut ; to satiate. Sliak. To swallow : as, The fish has gorged the hook. To GORGE*, gorje. v.n. To feed. Milton. GORGED, gor'-jed. a. Having a gorge or throat Shak. [In heraldry.] Denoting a crown of a pecu- liar form about the neck of a lion or ether animal. GORGEFUL*, gdrje'-ful. n.s. A meal for birds Ob. T. GO'RGEOUS^, gdr'-j&s. 262. a. [gorgias, old Fr.] Fine ; splendid ; glittering in various colours ; showy; magnificent. Robinson. GO'RGEOUSLY, gdr'-jfis-le. ad. Splendidly; mag- nificently ; finely. St. Luke, vii. GORGEOUSNESS, gSr'-jos-nes. n. s. Splendour ; magnificence ; # show. Sir E. Sandys. GORGET, gor'-jet. n. s. The piece of armour that defends the throat. Shak. A small convex orna- ment, gilt or of silver, worn by the officers of foot upon their breasts when on duty. Formerly that part of the female dress called a ruff. GO'RGON§, gdr'-gfin. 166. 7i.s. [yopyu.] A monster with snaky hairs, of which the sight turned be- holders to stone ; any thing ugly or horrid. Milton. GORGO / NIAN*,g6r-g6 / -ne-an. a. Having the pow- er of the gorgon to terrify or strike with horrour. B. Jonson. GO'RHEN*, gfir'-hen. n. s. The female of the gor- cock. GORING*, g6re'-lng.n. s. Puncture; prick. Dryd. GO'RMAND §, gfir'-mand. n. s. [gourmand, Fr.] A greedy eater ; a ravenous, luxurious feeder. Mars- ton. GO'RMANDER* gSr'-man-dur. n. s. A great eater. Huloet. GO'RMANDIZE*, gdr'-man-dlze. n. s. Voracious- ness. To GO'RMANDIZE*, g6r'-man-dJze. v. n. To eat greedilv ; to feed ravenously. Shakspeare. GOR3IAND1 ZER, gSr'-man-dl-zur. n. s. A vora- cious eater. Cleaveland. GO RREL-BELLIED*. See Gorbellied. GORSE, g6rse. n.s. Eftopj-t, Sax.] Furze; a thick, prickly shrub that bears yellow flowers. Kyd. GORY, gerns the accusative case. Mauger. To pilot ; to regulate the motions of a ship. To GOVERN, giV-6rn. 98. v. n. To keep superior it}' ; to behave with haughtiness. Dryden. GOVERNABLE, gfiv'-fir-na-bl. a. Submissive to authority ; subject to rule. Locke. GOVERNANCE, gav'-fir-nanse. n.s. Government; rule ; management. 1 Mace. Control, as that of a guardian. Spenser. Behaviour; manners. Spen- GOVERNANTE, gi-vfir-nant'. n.s. [gouvernavie , Fr.] A lady who has the care of young girls of quality. L' 'Estrange. GOVERNESS, gfiv'-Qr-nes. n. s. [gouvernesse, Fr.] A female invested with authority. Shak. A tu- toress ; a woman that has the care of young ladies. Sidney. A tutoress ; a directress. More. GOVERNMENT, g6V-urn-ment. n.s. [gouverne- ment, Fr.] Form of a community with respect to the disposition of the supreme authority. Temple. An established state of legal authority. Milton. Ad- ministration of publick affairs. Waller. Regulari- ty of behaviour. Shak. Manageableness ; compli- ance ; obsequiousness. Shak. Management of the limbs or body. Speiiser. [In grammar.] Influence with regard to construction. I GOVERN OUR, guv'-ur-nur. 314. n.s. [gouverneur, Fr.] One who has the supreme direction. Hooker, One who is invested with supreme authority in a state. Psalm xxii. One who rules any place with delegated and temporary authority. Shak. A tu- tor; one who has care of a young mau. Locke, Pilot; regulator; manager. Ja. iii. GOWD* goud. n. s. A gaud ; a toy. GOWK*, gduk. n.s. [gauch, Teut.J A foolish fellow ; a cuckoo. To GOWK*, gofik. v. a. To stupify. B. Jonson. To GOWL*, goul. v. n. [jgw/a ; Icel.] To howl. Wic life. Ob. T. GOWN§,g6un. n.s. [gonna, Ital.] A long upper farment. Abbot. A woman's upper garment. 'ope. The long habit of a man dedicated to the arts of peace, as divinity, medicine, law. Spenser. The dress of peace. Dryden. GO'WNED, gSfin'd. 362. a. Dressed in a gown. Spenser. GO'WNMAN, gSun'-man. 88. n. s. A man devoted to the arts of peace ; one whose proper habit is a Sown. Sometimes called gownsman. Rowe. 'ZZARD*, g&V-zard. n.s. [a corruption of goose- Jierd.] One who attends geese. Malone. GRAB*, grab. n. s. A vessel peculiar to the Malabar coast; having usually two masts, but sometimes three. 434 k GRA GRA —116, mftve, n&r, not ;— tAbe, tub, bull ;— oil ;— p6und ;— th'n\, To GRABBLE, grab'-bl. 405. ».n. [probably from grapple?] To grope; to feel eagerly with the hands. Artntthnet. To lie prostrate on die ground. Ains- irorth. GRACES, gr^se. 560. n. s. [grace, Fr.] Favour; kindness. Sidney. Favourable influence of God on the human mind. 2 Cor. Virtue ; efl'ect of God's influence. Pearson. Pardon-, mercy. Mil- ton. Favour conferred. Prior. Privilege. Dry- den. A goddess, by the heathens supposed to be- stow beauty Prior. Behaviour, considered as decent or unbecoming. Sidney. Adventitious or artificial beauty. Ilarte. Natural excellence. Hooker. Embellishment; recommendation ; beau- ty. Spenser. Single beauty. Dryden. Orna- ment ; flower 3 highest perfection. Shale . Single or particular virtue. Shak. Virtue physically. Shak. The title of a duke or archbishop 5 former- ly of the king, meaning the same as your goodness, or your clemency. Bacon. A short prayer said be- fore and after meat. Addison. GRACE-CUP, grase'-kup. n. s. The cup or health drank after grace. Prior. To GRACE, grise. o. a. To adorn ; to dignify ; to embellish. Hooker. To dignify or raise by an act of favour. Shak. To favour. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall. GRA'CED, grist. 359. a. Beautiful 5 graceful. Sid- ney. Virtuo us ; regular ; chaste. Sliakspeare. GRA CEFUL, grase'-ful. a. Full of grace and vir- tue. Sliakspeare. Beautiful with dignity. Dryden. GRA CEFULLY, grase'-ful-e. ad. Elegantly 5 with pleasing dignity. Swift. GRA'CEFULNESS, grase'-ful-nes. n. s. Elegance of manner; dignity with beauty. Hakewill. GRA'CELESSjgrase'-les. a. Void of grace ; wick- ed; abandoned. Spenser. GRA'CELESSLY* graseMes-le. ad. Without ele- gance. Sidney. GRA'CES, gra/-s?z. 99. n. s. Good graces, for favour, is seldom used in the singular. Toiler. GRA'CILE §, gras'-sil. 140. a. [gracilis, Lat.] Slen- der ; small. Vict. GRA'CILENT, gras'-.e-lent. a. [gracilentus, Lat.] Lean. Dirt. GRACPLITY, gra-sift-e-te. n. s. [graciliias, Lat.] Slenderness ; smallness ; leanness. Cockeram. GRACIOUS S, gra'-shus. 314. a. [gracieux, Fr.l Merciful ; benevolent. South. Favourable ; kind. 2 Kings. Acceptable ; favoured. Spenser. Vir- tuous f good. Shak. Excellent. Hooker. Grace- ful ; becoming ; pleasing. Chaucer. GRA'CIOUSLY, gra'-shfls-le. ad. Kindly; with kind condescension. Dryden. In a pleasing manner. GRA'CIOUSNESS, gra'-shfts-nes. n. s. Merciful- ness. Sir E. Sandys. Kind condescension. Clar- endon. Possession of graces or good qualities. Bp. Barlow. Pleasing manner. Johnson. GRADA'TION §, gra-da'-shun. n. s. [gradation, Fr.] Regular progress from one degree to another. L'Estrange. Regular advance, step by step. Til- lotson. Order ; sequence ; series. Shak. Regular process of argument. South. GRA'DATORVT, grad'-a-lfir-e. 512. n. s. [gradus, Lat.] Steps from the cloisters into the church. Aim- worth. GRA'DATORY*. grad'-a-tfir-e. a. Proceeding step by step. Seward. GRADE*, gride, n.s. [Fr.] Rank; degree. This word has been brought forward in some modern pamphlets, but it willhardly be adopted. GRA'DIENT, gra'-de-ent, or gra'-je-ent. 293. a. [gradiens, Lat.] Walking; moving by steps. Wil- kins. GRADUAL §, grad'-u-al, or grad'-ju-al. 293,294, 376. a. [graduel, Fr.] Proceeding by degrees ; advancing step by step. Milton. GRA'DUAL, grad'-u-al. 88. n.s. An order of steps. Dryden. A grail ; an ancient book of hymns or prayers. See Grail. GRADUA'LITY, grad-u-dl'-e-te. n. s. Regular pro- gression. Brown. (JK.VDUALLY, grad'-u-al -le. ad. By degrees; in regular progression. Newton. In degree. Grew. To 9 R A'DU ATE $, grdd'-u-ate. v. a. [graduer, Fr.] To dignify with a degree in the university. Carew. To mark with degrees. Derham. To raise to a higher place in the scale of metals : a chymical term. Boyle. To heighten ; to improve. Brown. To GRA'DUATE*, grad'-u-ate. v.n. To take an academical degree. To proceed regularly, or by degrees. Gilpin. GRA'DUATE, grad'-u-ale. 91. n.s. A man digni- fied with an academical degree. Selden. GRA'DUATESHIP*, grad'-a-ate-ship. n. s. The state of a graduate. Milton. GRADUATION, grad-u-a'-shfin. n.s. Regular pro- gression by succession of degrees. Grew. Exalta- tion oF qualities. Brown. The act of conferring academical degrees. Johnson. GRAFF, graft n. s. A ditch ; a moat. Clarendon. GRAFF, graft i 79. n. s. [^papan, Sax.] A small GRAFT, graft. \ branch inserted into the stock of * another tree, and nourished by its sap, but bearing its own fruit; a young cion. Raleigh. To GRAFFS, graft*. ? v. a. To insert a cion or To GRAFT S, graft. $ branch of one tree into the stock of another. Dryden. To propagate by insei- tion or inoculation. Dryden. To insert into a place or body to which it did not originally belong. Rom. To impregnate with an adscititious branch. Shak. To join one thing so as to receive support from another. Swift. $5= Nothing can be clearer, than that graff is the true word, if we appeal to its derivation from the French word ' greffer ; and, accordingly, we find this word used in Scripture, and several of the old writers : but nothing can be clearer, than that it is now obsolete, and that the word grafted has been long used by our most respecta- ble modern authors, and that it ought to be used exclu- sively. W. To GRAFF, graft v. n. To practise insilion. Bacon. GRA'FFER, graft-fur. ) n. s. One who propagates GRA'FTER,graf'-tur. \ fruit by grafting. Evelyn. GRAIL, grale. n. s. [grile, Fr.] Small particles of any kind. Spenser. GRAIL*, grale. n. s. [graduale, gradale, low Lat.] A book containing some of the offices of the Ro- man church. Warton. GRAINS, grane. 202. n.s. [graine, Fr.; granum-, Lat.] A single seed of corn. Mortimer. Corn. Shak. The seed of any fruit. Any minute parti- cle ; any single body. Shak. The smallest 'weight, of which, in plrysick, twenty make a scruple, and in Troy weight twenty-four make a pennyweight : and so named because it is supposed of equal weight with a grain of corn. Bacon. Any thing proverbially small*. Wisd. xi. — Grain of alloivance. Something - indulged or remitted. Addison. — The direction of the fibres of wood, or other fibrous mat- ter. Shale. The body of the wood as modified by the fibres. Dryden. The body, considered with respect to the form cr direction of the constituent particles. Brown. Dyed or stained substance. Spenser. Temper; disposition; inclination. Shale. The heart; the bottom. Hayivard. The form of the surface with regard to roughness and smooth- ness. Neicton. A tine ; a spike. Ray. To GRAIN*, grane. v. n. To yield fruit. Gower. To GRAIN*, or GRANE*, grane. v. n. [£jianian, Sax.] To groan. GRAPNED, grand. 359. a. Rough; made less smooth. Sliakspeare. Dyed in grain. Brown. GRAI'NING*, gra'-nmg. n. s. Indentation. Leake. GRAINS, granz. n. s. [without a singular.] The husks of malt exhausted in brewing. B. Jonson. GRAINS of Paradise, n. s. An Indian spice. GRAPNSTAFF*, grane'-staf. n.s. A quarter-staff. GRA'INY, gra'-ne. a. Full of corn. Full of grains or kernels To GRAITH§*, grkth. v. a. [^ejiaebian, Sax.] To prepare; to make ready. Chaucer. GRAITH*, grkth. n.s. feenaebe, Sax.] Furniture; equipage ; goods ; riches.^ 435 GRA GRA O 3 559.— Fate, far, fS.ll, fat;— me, met;— pine, pin : GRAM*, mm. GRAME'RCY, a. (gpam, Sax.] Angry. gra-meV-se. interj. [grand merci, Fr.] An obsolete expression of obligation. Spenser. GRAMINEOUS §, gra-mk'-e-fis. a. [gramineus, Lat.] Grassj'. GRAMINFVOROUS, gram-e-nfv'-i-rus. 518. a. [gramen and vow, Lat.] Grass-eating ; living upon grass. Sliarpe. GRA'MMAR §,. gram'-mar. 418. n. s. [grammaire, Fr. ; grammatica, Lat.J The science of speaking correctly ; the art which teaches the relations of words to each other. Fell. Propriety or justness of speech. Dry den. The book that treats of the various relations of words to one another. Toiler. GRA'MMAR School, gram'-mar-skSol. n. s. A school in which the learned languages are grammatically taught. Locke. To GRA'MMAR*, gram'-mar. v. n. To discourse ac- cording to the rules of grammar. Beaumont and Fletcher. GRAMMA'RIAN, gram-ma'-re-an. n.s. [grammai- rien,Fv.] One who teaches grammar; a philologer* Holder. GRAMMATICAL, gram-mat / -e-kal. a. [gi-ammat- ical, Fr.] Belonging to grammar. Sidney. Taught by grammar. Dryden. GRAMMATICALLY, gram-mat'-e-kal-e. ad. Ac- cording to the rules or science of grammar. Watts. GRAMMA 1 TIC ASTER, gram-mat'-e-kas-tur. n. s. [Lat.] A mean verbal pedant ; a low gram- marian. Sir W. Petty. To GRAMMA'TICISE*, gram-mat'-e-slze. v.a. To render grammatical. Johnson. GRAMMATICA'TION*, gram-mat-e-ka'-shfin. n.s. Rule of grammar. Dalgarno. GRAMMA'TICK*, gram-mat'-ik. a. Pertaining to grammar. Milton. GRA'MMATIST*, gram'-ma-tlst. n. s. [grammatis- fa,LatJ A grammaticaster. H. Toolce GRA'MFLE, gram'-pl. 405. n. s. [grampelle, Fr.] A crab-fish. Cotgrave. GRAMPUS, gram'-p&s. n. s. A large fish of the ce taceous kind. Sir T. Herbert. GRANA'DO*, «;ra-na'-d6. n.s. [ Span.] A grenade. GRAIN 1 ADPER*. ranada defuego, See Grenadier. GRANAM*. See Grannam. GRANARY, gran'-a-re. 503. n. s. [granarium, Lat.] A store-house for threshed corn. Addison. $TJ=* We sometimes hear this word pronounced with the first a like that in grain ; but all our orthoe'pists mark it like the a in grand. The first manner would insinu- ate, that the word is derived from the English word grain: but this is not the case ; it comes from the Latin granarium ; and, by our own analogy, has the antepe- nultimate vowel short. W. GRANATE, gran'-at. 91. n. s. [granum, Lat.] A kind of marble so called, because marked with small variegations like grains. Otherwise gran- ite. The gem called a garnet. GRAND §, grand, a. [grandis, Lat.] Great; illus- trious ; high in power. Raleigh. Great ; splendid ; magnificent. Young. Principal ; chief. Milton. Eminent ; superiour. Milton. Noble ; sublime ; lofty ; conceived or expressed with great dignity. Burke. It is used to signify ascent or descent of consanguinity. GRAN DAM, gran'-dam. n. s. [grand and dam or dame.'] Grandmother ; my father's or mother's mo- ther. Sliak. An old, withered woman. Dryden GRANDCHILD, grand' -tshlld. n. s. [grand and child.'] The son or daughter of my son or daughter. Bacon. GRANDAUGHTER, grand -daw-tfir. n. s. The daughter of a son or daughter. Bp. Newton. GRANDE'Ey, gran-dee', n.s. [grand, Fr.] A man of great rank, power, or dignity. Wotton. GRANDE'ESHIP*, gran-dee'-shlp. n. s. The rank, or estate, of a grandee ; a lordship. Swinburne. GRANDE'VITY §, gran-ddv'-e-te. n. s. [grandcr, w, Lat.] Great age ; length of life. Diet. GRANDE'VOUS, gran-de'-vus. a. Long lived; of freat age. Diet. ANDEUR§, gran'-j&r. 376. n.s. [Fr.] State j splendoui of appearance ; magnificence. South. Greatness, as opposed to minuteness. Addison. Elevation of sentiment, language, or mien. Toiler GRANDFATHER, grand'-fa-THur. n.s. The fa ther of my father or mother. Bacon. GRANDPFICK, gran-dif-fk. 509. a. [grandis and facio.] Making great. Diet. GRANDPLOQUENCE §*, gran-dn'-6-kwgnse. n. s. [grandis and loquor, Lat.] High, lofty, big speak- ing. More. GRANDFLOQUOUS*, gran-dll'-o-kwus. a. [gran- diloquus, Lat.] Using lofty words. Cockeram. GRA'NDINOUS, gran'-de-nus. a. [grando, Lat.] Full of hail ; consisting of hail. Diet. GRANDITY, gran'-de-te. n.s. [grandis, Lat.] Greatness ; grandeur ; magnificence. Camden. An old word. GRANDLY*, grand'-le. ad. Sublimely; loftily. Bos- well. GRANDMOTHER, grand'-muTH-ur. n. s. The mother of my father or mother. 1 Tim. GRANDNESS*, grand'-n&s. n. s. Greatness. Wol- laston. GRANDSIRE, grand' -sire. n.s. [grand and sire.'j Grandfather. Sliak. Any ancestor, poetically. Shakspeare. GRANDSON, grand'-sfin. n. s. The son of a son ot daughter. Dryden. To GRANE*, grane. v.n. To groan. See To Grain. GRANGE, granje. n. s. [grange, Fr.] A farm : gen- erally a farm with a house at a distance from neigh- bours. Shak. A granary. Milton. GRANITES, gran'-lt. 140. n.s. [granit, Fr.] A stone composed of separate and very large concre- tions, rudely compacted. The hard white granite with black spots, commonly called moorstone, forms a very firm, and, though rude, yet beautifully variegated mass. Hard red granite, variegated with black and white, now called oriental granite, is valuable for its extreme hardness and Deauty. Hill. . GRANFTICAL*, gra-nV-e-kal. a. Consisting of granite. Polwhele. GRANPVOROUS,gra-n?v'-v6-rus.518. a. [granum and voro, Lat.] Eating grain ; living upon grain Arbuthnot. GRANNAM, gran'-num. 88. n. s. " L for grandam. Grandmother. B. Jonson. To GRANT §, giant. 78, 79. v. a. [grmnter, or graaunter, old Fr.] To admit that which is not yet proved ; to allow ; to yield ; to concede. Hooker. To bestow something which cannot be claimed of right. 1 Sam. GRANT, grant, n. s. The act of granting or bestow- ing. The thing granted; a gift ; a boon. Dryden. [In law.] A gift in writing of such a thing as can not aptly be passed or conveyed by word only Cowel. Admission of something in dispute. Hooker GR ANT ABLE, grant'-a-bl. a. That which may bo franted. Aylijfe. ANTE'E, gran-tee 7 , n.s. He to whom any grant is made. Swift. GRANTOR, grant-tfir'. 166. [gran'-tfir, Sheridan and Perry ; grant-tor', Jones.] n. s. He by whom a grant is made. Ayliffe. ANULARY, gran'-u-lar-e. a. [from granule.] Small and compact; resembling a small grain or seed. Brown. To GRANULATE^, gran'-u-late. v.n. [grander, Fr.] To be formed into small grains. Sprat. To GRANULATE, gran'-u-late. 91. v. a. To break into small masses or granules. Brown. To raise into small asperities. Ray. GRANULATION, gran-u-la'-shun. n.s. [granula- tion, Fr.] The act of pouring melted metal into cold water, so as it may congeal into small grains. Gunpowder and some salts are likewise said to be granulated, from their resemblance to grain or 436 \ GRA GRA -n6, move, ndr, n6t;— ti\be, t&b, bull; — 6!l ;— pdflnd ;— thm, THis. Md Quincy. The act of shooting or breaking into small masses. Sharp. GRANULE}, gran'-iMe. n. s. [^ronwn, Lat.] A small compact particle. Boyle. GRA NULOUS, gran'-u-lus. a. Full of little grains. GRAPE$, grape, n. s. [grappe, Fr.] The fruit of the vino, growing in clusters. Lev. xix. GRAPE Hyacinth, or GRAPE Flower, n. s. A flower. GRAPE Shot*, grape'-shot. n. s. [In artillery.] A combination ot small shot, put into a thick canvas bag, and corded strongly together, so as to form a kind of cylinder. Chambers. GRA'PELESS* grape'-les. a. Wanting the strength and flavour of the grape. Jenyns. GRA'PESTONE, grape'-stone. n.s. The stone or seed contained in the grape. Prior. GRAPHICAL}, graf-e-kal. a. [ypctyw.] Well de- lineated. Bacon. GRA PHIC ALLY, graP-e-kal-e. ad. In picturesque manner ; with good description or delineation. B. Jonson. GRA THICK*, graf-ik. a % Graphical. B. Jonson. Relating to engraving. Warton. GRAPHO METER*, gra-fom'-e-tar. n. s. [y 9 dectator. To GRATE*, grate, v, x. To shut up with bars Sherwood. To GRATE, grate, v. a. [grattn, Fr.] To rub oi wear any thing by the attrition of a rough body. Spenser. To offend by any thing harsh or vexa- tious. Dryden. To form a sound by collision of asperities or hard bodies. Milton. To GRATE}, grate, v. n. To rub hard, so as to injure or offend. Locke. To make a harsh noise, as that of a rough body drawn over another. Hooker. GRATE }*, grate, a. [gratus, Lat.] Agreeable. Sit T. Herbert. Ob. T. GRACEFUL, grate'-ful. a. [grains, Lat.] Having a due sense of benefits. Milton. Pleasing; accept- able ; delightful ; delicious. Bacon. GRATEFULLY, grate'-ful-le. ad. With willing ness to acknowledge and repay benefits ; with due- sense of obligation. Milton. In a pleasing manner Watts. GRATEFULNESS, grate'-fnl-nes. n.s. Gratitude 5 duty to benefactors. Herbert. Quality of being acceptable; pleasantness. GRATER, grat'-ur. n. s. [grattoir, Fr.] A ki°d of coarse file with which soft bodies are rubbed to powder. A. Hill. GRATIFICATION}, grat-e-fe-ka'-shfin.n. s. [graf- ificatio, Lat.] The act of pleasing. South. Pleas- ure j delight. Rogers. Reward 5 recompense. Bp. Morton. GRATIFIER* grat'-e-fl-ur. n. s. One who gratifies or delights. More. To GRATIFY, grat'-e-fl. v.a.[gratifcor, Lat.] To indulge ; to please by compliance. Dryden. To delight; to please. Dryden. To requite with a recompense. GRATING*, grate'-mg. n. s. A partition made with bars placed near to one another, or crossing each other. In a ship, gratings are small ledges of sawed plank on the upper deck. GRATINGLY, grate'-ing-le. ad. Harshly ; offen- sively. GRATIS, gra'-tis. 544. ad. [Lat.] For nothing; without a recompense. Shakspeare. GRATITUDE, grat'-e-tude. n.s. [gratitudo, low Lat.] Duty to benefactors. Shak. Desire to return benefits. Milton. GRATUITOUS },gra-uV-e-tus. a. [gratuilus,L.] Milton. To carve or form. Heb. ii. To copy paintings upon wood or metal, in order to be impressed on paper. Dryden. To entomb. Slialc. To clean, calk, and sheath a ship. Ainsworth. To GRAVE, grave, v. n. To write or delineate on hard substances. Exod. xxviii. GRAVE §, grave, a. [gravis, Lat.] Solemn ; serious ; sober. Shak. Of weight; not futile; credible. Grew. Not showy; not tawdry. Not sharp of sound ; not acute. Holder. GRA'VEM, grav'-el. 99. n.s. [graved, Dutch.] Hard sand. Woodward, [gravelle, Fr.] Sandy matter concreted^ in the kidneys. Arbidhnot. To GRA'VEL, grav'-eL v. a. To pave or cover with gravel. Bacon. To stick in the sand. Camden. To puzzle ; to stop ; to put to a stand. Shak. [In horsemanship.] To hurt the foot with gravel con- fined by the shoe. GRA'VELESS, grave'-lSs. a. Wanting a tomb ; unburied. Shakspeare. GRA'VELLY, grav'-el-le. a. [gravelmx, Fr.] Full of gravel; abounding with gravel. Bacon. GRAYELY, grave'-le.arf.SoIemnly ; seriously ; so- berly ; without lightness or mirth. Milton. With- out gaudiness or show. GRATENESS, gra.ve'-ne's. n.s. Seriousness; so- lemnity and sobriety of behaviour. Shakspeare. GRA'VtOLENT, gra-ve'-6-lent. a. [graviolens, Lat.] Strong scented. Diet. GRAYER, gra'-yur. 98. n.s. [graveur, Fr.] One whose business is to inscribe or carve upon hard substances ; one who copies pictures upon wood or metal to be impressed on paper. Dryden. The style or tool used in graving. Boyle. GRA'VID §*, grav'-ld. a. [gravidas, Lat.] Pregnant. Sir T. Herbert. • GRA'VIDATED*, grav'-e-da-tgd. a. Great with young. Barrow. GRAVIDA'TION*, grav-e-da/-shfin. n.s. Pregnan- cy. Pearson. GRAVIDITY, gra-vld'-e-te. n. s. Pregnancy ; state of being with child. Arbuthnot. GRA VING ; gra/-v?ng. n.s. Carved work. 2 Citron. Impression. King Clvarles. To GRAVITATE igrav'-e-tate. v.n. [ gravis, Lat.] To tend to the centre of attraction. Bbxckmore. GRAVITA'TION, grav-e-ta'-shun. n. s. Act of tending to the centre. Bentley. GRAVITY, grav'-e-te. n. s. [gravitas, Lat.] Weight ; heaviness ; tendency to the centre. Quincij. Atro- ciousness ; weight of guilt. Hooker. Seriousness; solemnity. Sliakspeare. GRAYY, gra'-ve. n. s. [grav, Germ.] The serous juice that runs from flesh not much dried by the fire. Harvey. GRAY§, gra. a. [Sp.ae£, Sax. grau, Dan.] White with a mixture of black. Milton. White or hoary with old age. Bacon. Dark like the opening or close of day; of the colour of ashes. Camden. GRAY, gra. n. s. A gray colour. Shakspeare. GRAY, gra. n. s. A badger. Ainsworth. GRAY*, gra. n. s. A kind of salmon, having a gray back and sides. GRA'YBE ARD, gra'-beerd. n. s. An old man. Shak. GRA'YFLY* grit'-fll. n. s. The trumpet-fly. MiUon. GRAYISH*, gra'-ish. a. Approaching to a gray colour. Warner. GRAYLE*. See Grail. GRA'YLING, graMing. n.s. The umber; a fish. Walton,. GRA'YNESS, gra'-ngs. n.s. The quality of being gray. Sherwood. To GRAZE §, graze, v. n. [ftpapian, Sax.] To eat grass ; to feed on grass. Shak. To supply grass. Bacon. To move on devouring. Bacon. [From raser, Fr.] To touch lightly. Shakspeare. To GRAZE, graze v.a. To tend grazing cattle. Shak. To feed upon. Milton. To supply with grass. To strike lightly^ [raser, Fr.] Shakspeare. GRA'ZER, gra'-z&r. ji.s. One who feeds on grass. Philips. GRA'ZIER, gra'-zhur. 283, 484. n.s. One who feeds cattle. Bacon. GREASE §, grese. 227, 560. n. s. [graisie, Fr.] The soft Dart of the fat. Bacon. [In horsemanship.] A swelling and gourdiness of the legs of a horse To GREASE, greze. 437. v. a. To smear or snoint with grease. Swift. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. Dryden. GREASILY* gre'-ze-le. ad. With an appearance, as if smeared with grease. More. Grossly; indeli cately. Shakspeare. GRE'ASINESS, gre'-ze-nes. n.s. Oiliness ; fatness. Boyle. GRE'ASY, gre'-ze. a. Oily ; fat ; unctuous. Shak. Smeared with grease. Mortimer. Fat of body; bulky. Sliak. Gross ; indelicate ; indecent. Marston. GREATS, grate. 240, 241. a. [£peafc, Sax.] Large in bulk or number. St. Matt. xxvi. Having any quality in a high degree. Psalm xiv. Having num- ber or bulk, relative or comparative. Locke. Con- siderable in extent or duration. 2 Sa7n. Impor- tant; weighty. Milton. Chief; principal. Slrnk. Venerable ; adorable ; awful. Milton. Wonderful ; marvellous. Milton. Of high rank; of large pow- er. Dan. ii. General ; extensive in consequence or influence. Milton. Illustrious; eminent; noble. Jer. x. Grand of aspect ; of elevated mien. Dry- den. Magnanimous; generous. Sidney. Opulent; sumptuous; magnificent. Milton. Intellectually great; sublime. Milton. Swelling ; proud. Knolles. Familiar; much acquainted. Bacon. Pregnant; teeming. Jerem. xx. It is added in every step of ascending or descending consanguinity : as, great grandson is the son of my grandson. Camden. Hard; difficult; grievous. Bp. Tayicr. GREAT, grate, n.s. The whole; the gross; the whole in a lump. Tusser. GRE'ATBELLIED, grate-beT-id. 283. a. (great and belly.] Pregnant; teeming. Wilkins. To GRE'ATEN, grate'-tn. v. a. To aggrandize ; to enlarge. Raleigh. To GRE'ATEN*, gra'-tn. v. n. To increase ; to be- come large. South. GREATHEARTED, grate-hart'-^d. a. High spir- ited; undetected. Clarendon. GRE'ATLYjgrateMe. ad. In a great degree. Milton. Nobly; illustriously. Diyden. Magnanimously; generously ; bravely. Addison. GRE'ATNESS, grate'-nes. n. s. [ftpeafcnerpe, Sax.] Largeness of quantity or number. Addison. Comparative quantity. Locke. Higli degree of any quality. Rogers. High place ; dignity ; pow- er; influence; empire. Sidney. Swelling pride ; affected state. Bacon. Merit ; magnanimity ; no bleness of mind. Milton. Grandeur ; state ; mag nificence. Pope. GREAVE, greev. n.s. A grove. [Spsep, Sax.] Chaucer. A groove, [groqf. Icel.] Spenser. GREAVES, greevz. n.s. [greves, Fr.] Armour for the legs ; a sort of boots. 1 Sam. xvii. GRECIANS*, gre'-shan. n. s. [Grmcus, Lat.] A na tive or inhabitant of Greece. Joel, iii. A Jew who understood or spoke Greek. Acts, vi. One skilled in the Greek language ; as, He is a good Grecian. GRECIAN*, gre-shan. a. Relating to the country of Greece. Milton. GRE'CIAN Fire*, gre'-shan-flre. n.s. [feu Greceois, Fr.] Wildfire ; such as will burn within water. To GRE'CIANIZE*, gre'-shan-lze. v. n. [grecan- izer, Fr.] To play the Grecian; to speak Greek. Cotgrave. To GRE'CISE*. v.a. [grecizer, Fr.] To translate into Greek. Warton. GRE'CISM, gre'-sizm. n. s. [grcecismns, Lat.] An idiom of the Greek language. Addison. GRE'DALIN*. See Gridf.lin. GREE, gre. n.s. [gre 1 , Fr.] Good will; favour 438 GRE GRI -i)6, move, hot, ndt j— tube, (fib, bfill ; — dfl ; — pdfind ; — thin, THis. Spenser Rank ; degree, [gradiis, Lat.] Spenser. A step. Wiclitfe. See Greeze. 3PoGREE*, are. t'.n. Lgreer, old Fr.] To agree. Mirror for Magistrates. GREECE, greese. n.s. A flight of steps. Bacon. GREED*, greed, n.s. Greediness. Graham. G RE K D 1 L Y, gree-de-le. ad. Eagerly ; ravenously ; voraciously. Prov. xxi. With vehemence) wi"th desire. Bale. GRE EDINESS, gree'-de-nes. n.s. Ravenousness ; voracity ; hunger ; eagerness of appetite or desire. Ece/i/s. xxiii. GRE'EDY i, > gree / -de. a. [*peebi$. Sax.] Raven- ous; voracious; hungry. Psalm xvii. Eager; ve- iienicntlv desirous. Fairfax. GREEDY-GUT*, gree'-de-gut. n.s. A glutton; a devourer ; a belly-god. Colgrave. GREEKS, greek, n. s. [Grcecus, Lat.] A native of Greece. Gal. ii. The Greek language. Acts, xxi. A term applied to a merry person. Sliakspeare. GREEK*, greek, a. Belonging to Greece. Revel, ix. GRE EK1SH*. greek'-Ish. a. Peculiar to Greece. Milhvi. GRE'EKLING*, greekMing. n.s. An inferiour Greek writer. B. Jonson. GREEKRO'SE*, greek-r6ze. n.s. The flower cam- pion. Tate. GREEN §, green, a. [£n.ene, Sax.] Having a colour formed commonly by compounding blue and yellow. Bacon. Pale ; sickly. Sliak. Flourishing; fresh; undecayed. Dry den. New; fresh : as, a green wound. Sliafc. Not dry. Hooker. Not roasted; Tialfraw. Watts. Unripe ; immature; young. Sliak. GREEN, green, n. s. The green colour. Newton. A grassy plain. Slwik. Leaves ; branches ; wreaths. Dryden. To GREEN, green, v. a. To make green. Tlwmson. GREENBROOM, green'-broc-m. n.s. A shrub. Miller. GREENCLOTH, green'-klStfi. n.s. A board or court of justice held in the counting-house of the J king's household, for taking cognizance of all mat- ters of government and justice within the king's court-roval. Bacon. GREENCOLOURED*, green'-kul-l5rd. a. Pale ; sicklv. Tourneur. GRE ENEYED, green'-lde. 283. a. Having eyes coloured with green. Sliakspeare. GREENFINCH, green'-fmsh. n.s. A kind of bird. Mortimer. GREENFISH, green'-fish. n. s. A kind of fish. Ainsworth. CREENGA'GE^reen-gaje'. n.s. A species of plum. GREENGROCER*, green'-gro-sur.n. s. [green and grocer.'] A retailer of greens. GREENHOOD*, green'-hud. n.s. [green and hood.] A stale of immaturity ; childishness. Chaucer. GREENHORN*, green'-horn. n. s. A raw youth, easilv imposed upon. GREENHOUSE, green'-hSuse. n. s. A house in which tender plants are sheltered from the weather. Evelyn. GREENISH, greenish, a. Somewhat green ; tend- ing to gteen. Newton. GREENLY*, green'-le. a. Of a green colour. Gas- coigne. t GREENLY, green'-le. ad. With a greenish colour. Newly; freshly. Immaturely. Sliak. Wanly ;| timidly. Sliakspeare. GREENNESS, green'-n&s. n. s. The quality of be- ing green ; viridity. Sidney. Immaturity ; unripe- , ness. Sidney. Freshness ; vigour. South. Newness.; GREENROOM t, green' -r63m. n.s. A room near the stage, to which actors retire during the inter- 1 vals of their parts in the play. GREENSICKNESS, green'-sfk-nes. n. s. The dis- 1 ease of maids, so called from the paleness which it produces. Arbuthnot. GREENSICKNESSED* green'-sik-ngst. a. Hav- GREENSWARD, ) _,, , m » . GREENSWORd! ,\8 Mn " sward - ing a sickly taste. Bp. Rundle. GREENSTALL*, green'-stall. n which greens are exposed to sale. A stall on n. s. [great and sward.] The turf on which grass grows. Sliakspeare. Swift. GRE'ENWEED, green'-weed. n. s. Dyers' weed. GREENWOOD, green'-wud. n. s. A wood consia- ered as it appears in the spring or summer. Fairfax GREES*. 7i. s. A stair. See Gree and Greeze Keepe. To GREET §,. greet, v. a. [£petan, Sax.] To ad- dress at meeting. 1 Sam. xxv. To address in whatever manner. Shak. To salute in kindness or respect. 1 Cor. xvi. To congratulate. Spenser. To pay compliments at a distance. Shak. To meet, as those do who go to pay congratulations. Sliak. To GREET, greet, v.n. To meet and salute. Pope. To GREET*, greet, v. n. To weep ; to lament. See To Greit. GREATER, greef-un n. s. He who greets. GREETING, greet'-hig. n. s. • fepetin^, Sax.] Salutation at a meeting ; compliments at a distance. Sliakspeare. GREEZE, greeze. n. s. A flight of steps ; a step. See Gree, Grees, Greece, Grice, and Grise. GREEFIER*, gref-feer. n. s. [greffier, Fr.] A re- corder ; a registrar. Bp. Hall. GRE'GAL, gre'-gal. a. [grex, gregis, Lat.] Be- longing to a flock. Diet. GREGARIAN*, gre-ga'-re-an. a. Of the common sort ; ordinary. Howell. GREGA'RIOUS $, gre-ga'-re-fis. a. [gregarius,'Lz\.'\ Going in flocks or herds. Ray. GREGARIOUSLY*, gre-ga'-re-fis-le. ad. In a flock, or company. GREGA'RIOUSNESS*, gre-ga'-re-us-nes. n. s, The state of being in herds or companies. GREGO'RIAN* gre-gi'-re-an. a. Belonging to the style or method of computation, instituted by pope Gregorv in 1582 ; as, the Gregorian calendar. To GREIT*, greet, v.n. ['g-rietan, Goth.] To cry; to lament. Spenser. To GREITH*, greetfi. v. a. To prepare. See To Graith. GRE'MIAL, gre'-me-al. a. [gremium, Lat.] Per taining to the lap. Diet. GRENA/DE§, gre-nade'. n.s. [Fr. from pomum granatum, Lat.] A little hollow globe or ball of iron, about two inches in diameter, which being filled with fine powder, and set on fire, the case flies into shatters, to the damage of all that stand near. Harris. GRENADIER, grgn-a-d&r'. 275. [gren-a-deer', Perry and Jones : gran-a-deer 7 , Sheridan.] n. s. [Fr.] A tall foot-soldier, of whom there is one company in every regiment. Gay. GRENADO, gre-na'-do. 77. [See Lumbago.] n. s. See Grenade. GREUT, groot. n. s. A kind of fossil body. Grew. GREW, gru. The preterit of grow. Dryden. GREY, gra. a. [gris, Fr.] Gray. Sliak. More properly gray. See Gray. GRE YHOUND, gra/-h6fmd. n. s. [£jii$hunb, Sax.] A tall, fleet dog, that chases in sight. Sidney. GRICE, grlse. n.s. A little pig. [grys, Su. Goth.] A step or grees. Shak. See GreEs and Greeze. To GRIDE, gride, v. n. [gndare, Ital.1 To cut; to make way by cutting. Spenser. Ob. J. GRIDELIN, grld'-e-lin. a. [gris de lin, Fr.] Of a purplish colour. Dryden. GRFDIRON, grid'-l-urn. n. s. [graedda, Su. Goth.] A portable grate on which meat is laid to be broil- ed upon the fire. Spectator. GRIEF §, greef. 275. n. s. [grief, Fr.] Sorrow; trouble for something past. South. Grievance; harm. Sliakspeare. Pain ; disease. Shakspeare. GRIEEFUL* greef -ful. a. Full of sorrow or grief. Sackville. Ob. T. GRIEELESS*, greef -les. a. Sorrowless ; without grief. Huloet. GRIEFSHO'T*, greef -shot. a. Pierced with grief. Shakspeare. GRIE / VABLE*,greev / -a-bl. a. Lamentable. Gower. GRIEVANCE, gree'-vanse. 560. n.s. [grevance r GRI GRI (CP 559.— Fate, fir. fall, fat;— me. met;— pine, pfa old Fr.] A state of uneasiness. Shakspeare, The cause of uneasiness. S: T GRIEVE «r,Fr.l To afflict; to hurt. Luke, iii. To make sorrowful. Perkins. To lamest Rertsbv. T: GRIEVE ; :e in pain for some- thin? past : toTmoum; to sorrow, as for the death GRIE VER-. greeV-ftr. n.s. That which causes grief. H ■■ . ..:. GRlE VTNGLY, greev -ing-le. ad. In sorrov rowfullv. Shakspeare, GRIEVOUS;, greev -us. a. [gratis, Lat.] Afflic- tive : painful ; fiard to be borne. Hooker. Such as causes sorrow. Watts. Expressing a great degree of uneasiness. Clarendon. Atrocious; Shak. Sometimes ifced adverbially in low Ian- ! guage. Shakspeart. GRIEVOUSLY, s i. Painfully; with' pain. Spenser. With discontent ; with ill will. KnoUes. Calamitously; miserably. Hooker. Vexa- GR IE VOLS NESS ■ -:rrow: pain ; calamhv. Laian. xxi. Atroeiousness. Burton. GRI FFLV ) " *,. rt \n.s. [snwhus. Lat.] A GRI FFON . S ^ L " ! "*• 1 fabled animal, said to be ' generated between the lion and eagle, and to have j 1 the bead and paws of the lion, and the wings of the [ eagle. Peacham. GRIFFONLIKE* grif-fln-like. griffon. Milton. GRIG. grig, n.s. [kricke. Bavarian.] Originally any thing below the natural size. A smail eel. Walton. A merrv creature. Sir:':. Health. Grose. T: GRILL, grin, r. t [gnOer, Fr.] To broil on a grate or gridiron. GRILL*, gril. a. \grm\ horridus.] Causing to shake through cold. Chaucer. Ob. T. GRILL ADZ ! n. s. Any thing broiled on the gridiron. To GRLND. grind, r. n. To perform the ad of grind , ing. Milton. To be moved as in the act of grind ing. R GRINDER, grind -fir. 93. n.s. One that grinds ; Smith. The mstrunrenl of grinding. Sundys- The back teeth; the double teeth. Bacon. The teeth, in ironv or contempt. Drvden. GRI NDLESTuN I :ne. ) n.s. Thestone GRINDSTONE.grind^ne. S on which edged instruments are sharpened. B. Jonson. GRI 'NNER. grin -nor. 93. n. s. He that gri- :'■■;-:. GRI NNLNGLY. grin'-nlng-le. ad. With a grinning laugh. GRIP ;. grip. n. s. [^paep. Sax.] A little ditch, or trench. Ray._ T GRIP*, grip. r. a. To cut into ditches ; to drain. GRIP", grip. ?n Lat.] The fabulous GRIPE*, gripe. \ animal called the rriffou T GRIPE", gripe, v. a. [greipan, M. Goth.l To hold with the tingers closedr Shak. To hold hard. Drydeti. [gripper. Fr.] To catch eagerly : t Shak. To close; to clutch. Pope. To pi: press ; to squeeze. Spenser. To give a pain in the lot. To af£ Mag. T: GRIPE, gripe, r. n. To feel die colick J To pinch ; to catch at money meanly. Fell. When a ship runs her head too much into the wind, she id to gripe. Resembling a l| GRIPE, gripe, n.s. Grasp; hold; seizure of the hand or paw. Spenser. Squeeze ; pres-tir- den. Oppression ; crushing power. Shi fliction; pinching distress. Milton. [In the plural.] Belly-ache ; colick. Flayer. The compass or sharp- :f the prow or stem of a ship underwater, fe name of a machine formed bv an as- semblage of ropes, &c. used to secure the boats upon the deck of a ship at sea. Chambers. GRIPER, gri-pur. 98. n.s. Oppressor; usurer; extortionerT Burton. GRI PING*, _ . With pain in the T GRILLY. griKe. co. To harass; to hurt. H : \u\ GRIM;, grim. ■?.. [-.im. Sax.] Having a ojunte- GRI PLNGLY. gri -ping-le. ad. nance of terrour; horrible; hideous; frightful. guts. B Spenser. L'gly; ill-looking. Chapman GRI PPLE ''*. grip -pl.a. [fromgrrpe.] Gree GRIM-FACED*, grim -faste. a. Having a stern |j etous ; uufrelfng ; oppressive. Spenser. Grasping countenance. Mir-: for M _■ -:-::• fast ; tenacious. Spenser. GRIM-GRINNING*, grtrn -grin -sing, a. Grinning GRI PPLENESS-.grip-pl-nes, n.s. Covetcusness. borriblv. Shaksveare. Bp. Hall. GRLM-VISAGED*. grim -viz -idjd. a. Grunfhcec GRIS ' ft.] A kindof far.Oiaucer. Minvr for Magistrates. GRIMACE. gre-.T.ase . n. ?. [Fr.] A distortion of the countenance from habit, affectation, or inso- lence. S>?ttth. Air of affectation. Granville. GRDIA LKIN. grim-mil -kin. n. s. [gris. Fr. and malkin. or little Moll.'] Gray little woman; the name of an old eat. Pliilips. ' T: GRIME ;. grime, r. a. [jrryma, Icel.J To dirt ; i daub with filth. Shakspeare. GRIME s Dirt deeplv insinuated. Shak. GRI MLY~. grimMe. a. Having" a frightful or hide- GRI abttantsof tbemoun- ook. Beaumont and Fletcher. tainous parts of the Alps in Italv. Addison. GRIMLY, grim-ie. ad. [-r.imhce. Sax.] Horn- GRIST, grist n.s. ' — i T ^ax.J Com to be bly ; hideo' - v Sourly ; sullenlv. Shak. ground." Tusser. ~ •rovision. Siciii. — GRi MNESS, grim -nes. n.s. Horrour ; frightfulness Grist to mill, is prr: . Bp King. JRI STLE GRI Ml udv. More. cartilage. Bacon, T GRU*% grin. v.n. [Xpenman. Sax.] To se: GRISTLY. . Cartilaginous; made of the teeth together and withdraw the 1: - (ket. To fix the teeth as in anguish. Shakspeart. GRIT | . grit n. s. The coarse part of meal. [- - GRIN, grin. n.s. The act of closing the teeth and ': -a. Sax] Oats husked, or coarsely ground. Sand; showing them. Dryden. GRIN. grin. r.-. [-criyn. Sax.] A snare; a trap. Tt GRIND?, grind, r. a. preter. I ground; part, pass. groundZ [^pinban, Sax.] To reduce any thing to powder by friction ; to comminute by at- ; i GRIS- AMBER. gris -am-bflr. jus. Ambergri- GRISL » v - ^ale of steps. Shakspearc. See Grice and Grzeze. GRISE IT . [Fr.] The daughter of a tr tic GRI'SKIN. gris -kin. n. • _ .-rice. a. sv\ine.] The vertebrae of a bog. grisl : - Jim GRIS - fe :c. Sax.] Dreadful; horrible; hideous: -nser. tntion. St. Matt. xxi. To comminute by the teeth or grinders, Dry den. To sharpen or smooth by rubbing on something hard. Herbert. To rub one against another. Spenser. To harass; to oppress. 9mm rough, hard particles, [frit. Welsh.] Greic. Grits are fossils found in minute masses, forming together a kind of powder; the several particles "of which are of no determinate shape, but seem the rudely broken fragments of larger masses : not to be dis- solved by water, but retaining their figure, and not cohering into a mass. Hill. GRITH*: grkA. n.s. [xpi 5. Sax.] Agreement ; union. The Plotcman's Tale. Ob. T. GRITTLNE-- « -te-nes. *.*. Sandiness; the quality of abounding in grit Mortimer. GRO GRO — no. move, nor. nit ; — tube, t6b, bull ; — 6ll ; — pound ; — thin, thj i - ill of hard particles ; con- tori. > B -zl-lln. See Gridelix. Temple. -zl. 405. n.s. [-ns.rule.Fr.] A while and black : grav. Siuikspeare. GRIZZLED, griz-zTd. Cv..:. Interspersed with :ie. a. Somewhat gray. Bacon. 7" liKOAN . c a"' ne. 295 _- . .." .: ... - reathe with a hoarse noise, as in pain or ago- -. Breath expired with nc - .oaxse, dead sound. Shak. ANFUL. groae -nil. a. Sad; agonizing. Spen- g. «. 5. Lamentation ; com- nt on account of agony or pain. Psaim cii. [In hunting. ] The crv or noise of a buck. Chambers. M. Dutch] A piece valued at Your pence. Fidke. A proverbial name Shakspeare. rs. s - \~ '" - -"-"• Sax.] off. ATSWORTHP - -wurtfi. n. s. The of a groat. Shencood. ~ivc. 93. n.s. [from gross, a large quantity.] A man who buys and sells tea. sugar, .urns and spices. Wt j observe*, that this Word ought to be writ- ten grosser, as originally beiof one who dealt by the or wholesale. There is not, however, he observes, much chance that grocer will give .place to grosser : especially, as they no longer engross merchandise of all iasst upon dealing in the gross alone. The other derivation of this word, from grossus, a fig, is not worth notice » -sur-e. n.s. Grocers" ware, such ». Clarendon. ■ :!>g. n. ?. [in the language of seamen.] iter, or anv spirit : ok. . Rather overflown with -M.) Cn. s. [gros, « :. >grog-rurn.-< Fr.] Stuff woven -oughpile. Donne. s^ein. Goth, and Icel.] The ext above Ihe toi. :~oin de porceau. Fr.] The -.groin, r.n. See To Groax. To gn: cer. :-!. n. s. Gromill or gray- liler. [grom. Teut.] A boy; a with a large woof waiter; a servant, tapensex. A voung ma:. fax. A man newlv married. Drvden. gr&v. v. a. [-7/apan. Sax.] To cut hollow. 8 GROOVE. giMv - . n. ?. A deep cavern, or hollow in mines. B :. A channel or hollow, cut with a tool. M GRO OVER'. gittv -fir. n.*. A miner. Grose. T- GROPE ;' . gripe, v. n. fcpapian, Sax.] To tee! where one cann: 'ix. Ti GROPE, grope, r. a. To search by feeling in the dark. Goicer. GRO PER. gr6 -p&r. n.s. One that searches in the •cod. GROSS;, grOse. 162. a. [gros, Fr. grosso. Ital.] ^y. Shak. Shameful ; unseemly ; enor- mous. Hooker. Intellectually coarse; palpable; impure; unrennei Shak. melegamtj spropor- tionate in bulk. T^wmson. Dense ; not refined ; not pure. Bacon. Stupid ; dull. Milton. Coarse ; rough; not ' Wbtton. Thick; fat ; bulky, le ; having no deduction or abatement ; Large; aggregate. Milton. Heavy : oppressive. Dr. J^r This word i; irregular from a vanity of imitating the French. In Scotland, tbev pronounce this word regu- 56 larly. so as to rhyme with mass. Pope also rhymes it with this word. - :1 only man be taken in the gross ? j.r.1 hut as many sorts or" minds as moss.'' This, however, must be looked upon ts a poetical li- for the sound seems now irre* .icably fixed as it is marked, rhyming with jocose, verbose, &o. If. s. The main body ; the main j foro. The bulk ; the whole not \ into its several parts. Hooker. Not individual ; but a be _ enser. To GUILE*, gylle. v. a. [guiller, Fr.] To disguise cunningly; to conceal. Spenser. GUFLED^gyi'-led. a. Treacherous; deceiving. Shale. GUFLEFUL, gyile'-ful. a. Wily; insidious; mis- chievously artful. Hooker. Treacherous; secretly mischievous. Shakspeare. GUFLEFULLY, gylle'-ful-e. ad. Insidiously; treacherously. Hakewill. GUI'LEFULNESS, gylle'-ffil-nes. n. s. Secret treachery; tricking cunning. Sherwood. GUFLELESS, gylle'-les. a. Free from deceit; void of insidiousness ; simply honest. Thomson. GUI'LELESSNESS*, gylleM&-nes. n. s. Freedom from deceit ; pure honesty and innocence. GUFLER, gylle'-fir. n. s. A deceiver ; one that be- trays into danger by insidious practices. Wicliffe. GUILLOTINE*, gil-16-teen'. n. s. [Fr. Said to be the invention of one Dr. Guillotine, at the early part of the French democratical revolution, viz. in 1792, who himself suffered under the machine.] A machine for separating, at one stroke, the head of a person from the body. Burke. To GUILLOTFNE*, gll-16-teen'. v. a. To decapi- tate by the guillotine. Bp. Watson. GUILTS, gilt. 341. n. s. [Syifc, Sax/J The state of a man justly charged with a crime. Bacon. A crime; an offence. Shakspeare. OCT It is observed in Principles, No. 92, that, when g comes before short a, the sound of e so necessarily inter- venes, that we cannot pronounce these letters without it ; but that, when the a is long, as in regard, we may pronounce these two letters without the intervention of e, but that this pronunciation is not the most elegant.— The same may be observed of the g hard, and the long and short i. We may pronounce guide and guile near- ly as if written egg-ide and egg-ile, though not so properly as egg-yide and egg-yile ; but guild and guilt must necessarily admit of the e sound between hard g and i, or we cannot pronounce them. W. GUILT-SICK*, gflt'-slk. a. Diseased by guilt. Beau- mont and Fletcher. GUILTILY, g'ttt'-e-te. ad. Without innocence. Sluikspeare. GUFLTINESS, gflt'-e-ngs. n. s. The state of being guilty; consciousness of crime. Sidney. GUFLTLESS, guY-les. a. Innocent; free from crime. Sliak. Unpolluted. Milton. Having no experience. Pope. GUFLTLESSLY, gnY-les-le. ad. Without guilt ; innocently. GUFLTLESSNESS, giltM&s-nes. n.s. Innocence freedom from crime. Sidney. GUFLTY^gflt'-te.a. [Sylci^Sax.] Justly charge- able with a crime ; not innocent. Gen. xlii. Wick- ed ; corrupt. Thomson. Conscious. B. Jonson. GUILTY-LIKE*, gllMe-llke. ad. Guiltily. Shak. GUFMPLE*. See Wimple. GUFNEAS, gln'-ne. 341. n. s. [from Guinea, a coun- try in Africa abounding with gold.] A gold coin valued at twenty-one shillings. Locke. GUFlNEADROPPER, gln'-ne-dr&p'-pfir. n. s. One who cheats by dropping guineas. Gay. GUFNEAHEN^m'-ne-hen. n. s. A fowl, supposed A plant. to be of Guinea. GUFNEAPEPPER, gfn'-ne-pep'-pfir. n. Miller. GUFNEAPIG, gm'-ne-pfg. n.s. A small animal with a pig's snout. GUFNIAD*. n.s. [gwyn, Welsh.] The fish called whiting. GUISE $, gylze. 160, 341. n. s. [guise, Fr.] Manner ; mien ; habit. Spenser. Practice ; custom ; proper- ty. Chapman. External appearance ; dress. Tem- ple. GUFSER*, gyr-zfir, n. s. [from guise, dress.] Mum- mers, who go about at Christmas ; persons in dis- guise. GUITA'R, glt-tar'. 341. n.s. [ghitara, Ital.] A stringed instrument of musick. Prior. To GULCH §*,gfilsh. v.n. [gulsigh, Teut.] To swal- low voraciously. Turberville. GULCH, gfilsh. I n.s. A glutton. B. Jonson. GU'LCHIN, gfil'-tshfn. ] The act of devouring. Echard. GULES, gfilz. a. [gueule, Fr.] Red : a barbarous term of heraldry. Shakspeare. GULF§, gulf. n. s. [golfo, Ital.] A bay; an opening into land. Knolles. An abyss ; an unmeasurable depth. Spenser. A whirlpool ; a sucking eddy. Shakspeare. Any thing insatiable. Shakspeare. GU'LFY, guF-fe. a. Full of gulfs or whirlpools. Mir- ror for Magistrates. To GULL $, gfil. v. a. [guiller, old Fr.] To trick ; to cheat ; to defraud ; to deceive. Shakspeare. GULL, gfil. n.s. A cheat ; a fraud ; a trick. Shak A stupid animal ; one easily cheated. Milton. A sea-bird. Shakspeare. GU'LLCATCHER, gfil'-katsh-fir. n.s. A cheat; a man of trick. Shakspeare. GU'LLER, gfil'-lur. 98. n. s. A cheat; an impostor Sherwood. GU'LLERY, gtil'-lfir-e. n. s. Cheat; imposture Burton. GU'LLE^gfil'-lft. 99. n.s. [goulet,Fr.] The throat; the oesophagus. Denham. A. small stream or lake. Heylin. GULLIBILITY*, gfil-le-bfl'-e-te. n. s. Credulity. GU'LLIGUT^gfiF-le-gfit. n. s. [gulo, Lat.] A glut- ton. Barret. GU'LLISH*, gfilMJsh. a. Foolish; stupid; absurd. Burton. GU'LLISHNESS*, gfil -llsh-nes. n.s. Foolishness 5 stupidity. Tr. ofBoccalini. To GU'LLYS, gfil'-le. v. n. [corrupted from gurgle.] To run with noise. GU'LLY*, gfil'-le. n. s. [goulet, Fr.] A sort of ditch. Hawkesworth. GU'LLYHOLE, gfil'-le-hole. n. s. The hole where 444 GUS GYM -no, move, n6r, not ;— tibe, tftb, bflll ; — oil ;— pfifind ;— thin, Tuis. the gutters empty tliemselves in the subterraneous Gl I.OSITY. gii-liV-e-uV n. s. [gulosus, Lat.] Greediness; gluttony; voracity. Brown. To GULP$,gulp. v. a. [go/pen, t)utch.] To swallow eagerly ; to suck down without intermiss'on. Gay. GUI -1*. g&lp. «. s. As much as can be swallowed at once. Sere, GULPH*. See Golf. GUM$, gum. n. s. [gummi, Lat.] A vegetable sub- stance differing from a resin, in being more viscid, and generally dissolving in aqueous menstruums. Quincy The fleshy covering that contains the (eelh. [^oma, Sax.] Shakspeai-e. To GUM, "gum. v. a. To close with gum. Wiseman. To adorn with gums or essences. B. Jonson. G.U'MMiNESS, giW-me-nCs. n. s. The state of be- iiigjrummv; accumulation of gum. Wiseman. GUMMO'SfTY.gum-mds'-se-te. n.s. The nature of gum ; gumminess. Flayer. GU'MMOUS, gfim'-mfts. 314. a. Of the nature of gum. Woodward. GU'MMY, gom'-me. a. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum. Raleigh. Productive of gum. Mil- tor,. Overgrown with gum. Dryden. GV \ MPTION* gnmp'-shun. n.s. fcuman, Sax.] Understanding; skill. Pegge. GUN$, gun. n.s. [gyn, an engine.] The general name for fire-arms; the instrument from which shot is discharged by fire. Shakspeare. To GUN*, gun. v. n. To perform the act of shooting with a gun. Beaumont and Fletcher. GU/NARCHY*. See Gynarchy. GUTMNEL, gun'-nll. 99. n. s. See Gunwale. GU'NKER, gfin'-nfir. 98. n. s. Cannoneer ; he whose employment is to manage the artillery in a ship. Sitak. One who shoots. Beaumont and Fletcher. GU'NNERY, gun'-nur-e. n. s. The science of artille- ry -, the art of managing cannon. GUNO CRACY*. See Gyn^eocracy. GU'NPOWDER, gun'-pdfi-dur. n.s. The powder put into guns to be fired. Broum. GUNROOM*, gun'-rSom. n.s. The place, on board a ship, where arms are deposited. GUNSHOT, gun'-shot. n. s. The reach or range of a gun ; the space to which a shot can be thrown. Dryden. GUNSHOT, gfin'-sh&t. a. Made by the shot of a gun. Wiseman. GUNSMITH, gim'-smllh. n. s. A man whose trade is to make guns. Mortimer. GU'NSTICK, gun'-stlk. n. s. The rammer, or stick with which the charge is driven into a gun. Stuart. GU'NSTOCK, gtW-stok. n. s. The wood to which th'e barrel of the gun is fixed. Mortimer. GU NSTONE, gun'-stone. n. s. The shot of cannon. Shakspeare. GU'NWALE, or GU'NNEL of a Ship, gun'-nll. n. s. That piece of timber which reaches on either side of the ship from the half-deck to the forecastle : this is called the gujiicale, whether there be guns in the ship or not : and the lower part of any port. where any ordnance are, is also termed the gun- v:ale. Harris. GURGE§, gurje. n.s. [gurges, Lat.] Whirlpool; gulf. Milton. To GURGE*, giuje. v. a. To swallow up. Mirror for Magistrates. Ob. T. GU'RGION, gar'-jun. 259. n. s. The coarser part of the meal, sifted from the bran. Holingshed. See Grudgeons. To GU'RGLE, gur'-gl. 405. v.n. [gorgogliare, Italian.] To fall or gush with noise, as water from a bottle. Pope. GU'RKIN*, gur/-k?n. n. s. A small cucumber for pickling. See Gherkin. GU'RNARD, ) ., *. ) 99. n. s. [goummdd, Fr.] GU'RNET, \ ?">"«■ \ a kind ofsea-fish. Sha/c. To GUSH§, gush. v. n. [giessen, German.] To flow or rush out with violence ; not to spring in a small stream, but in a large body. Spenser. To emit in a copious effluxion. Dryden. GUSH, gush. n. s. An emission of liquor in a large quantity at once ; the liquor so emitted. Harvey. GU'SSET, gus'-s?t. 99. n. s. [gousset, Fr.] An angu- lar piece of cloth sewn at the upper end of the sleeve of a shirt or shift. GUST $, gust, n. s. [gustus, Lat.] Sense of tasting. Scott. Height of perception ; height of sensual en- joyment. Milton. Love ; liking. Tillotson. Turn of fancy ; intellectual taste. Dryden. [gustr, Goth.] A sudden, violent blast of wind. Shakspeare. To GUST*, gust. v. a. [gusto, Lat.] To taste ; to have a relish of. Shakspeare. GU'STABLE, gfis'-ta-bl. 405. a. To be tasted. Har- vey. Pleasant to the taste. Derham. GU'STABLE* gfis'-ta-bl. n. s. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eatable. More. GUSTATION, gus-uV-shun. n. s. The act of tasting Brown. GU'STFUL, gfist'-ful. a. Tasteful ; well-tasted. How- ell. GU'STFULNESS*, gfist'-ful-nSs. n. s. The relish of anything. Barrow. GU'STLESS*, gust'-lSs. a. Tasteless ; insipid. Sir T. Brown. GUSTO, gfis'-to. n.s. [Ital.] The relish of any thing ; the power by which any thing excites sen- sations in the palate. Derham. Intellectual taste ; liking. Dm/den. GU'ST Y, gus'-te. a. Stormy ; tempestuous. Shak. GUT §, gut. n. s. [kutteln. Germ.] The long pipe reaching, with many convolutions, from the stomach to the vent. Bacon. The stomach ; the receptacle of food. Hudibras. Gluttony; love of gormandiz- ing. Hakewill. A passage. Maundrell. To GUT, gut. v. a. To eviscerate ; to draw ; to ex- enterate. Carew. To plunder of contents. Dry- den. GUTTA SERENA*, gfo'-ta-se-re'-na. n. s. [Lat.J A disease of the eye. Sir T. Herbert. GUTTATED^&t'-ta-teU a. [gutta,LaL] Besprink- led with drops; bedropped. Did. GUTTER S.gut'-t&r. 98. n.s. [gouttiere, Fr.] A passage for water. Addison. A small longitudinal hollow. To GUTTER, gut'-tur. v. a. To cut in small hol- lows. Shakspeare. To GUTTER*, giV-tftr. v. n. To fall in drops ; t» run as a candle. Scott. To GUTTLER gut'-tl. 405. y.n. [from gut.] To feed luxuriously ; to gormandize. Dryden. To GUTTLE, gut'-tl. w. a. To swallow. V Estrange, GUTTLER, gfit'-tl-ur. 98. n.s. A greedy eater. GUTTULOUS,g&t'-tshu-lus. 463. a. [guttula, Lat.] In the form of a small drop. Brown. GUTTURAL §, gfit'-tshu-ral. 463. a. [gutturalis, Lat.] Pronounced in the throat ; belonging to the throat. Bacon. GUTTURALNESS, gfit'-tshu-ral-nes. n.s. The quality of being guttural. Diet. GUT WORT, giV-wfirt. n.s. An herb. GUY, gl. n. s. [from guide.] A rope used to lift any thing into the ship. Skinner. ToGU'ZZLES, guz'-zl. 405. v.n. [gozzavigliare, Ital.] To gormandize; to swallow any liquor greed ily. Roscommon. ToGU'ZZLE, guz'-zl. u. a. To swallow with im moderate gust. Dryden. GU'ZZLE*, guz'-zl, n.s. An insatiable thing or per son. Marston. GU'ZZLER, gfiz'-zl-fir. 98. n. s. A gormandizer ; an immoderate eater or drinker. GYBE, jibe. n. s. [See Gibe.] A sneer; a taunt; a sarcasm. Shakspeare. To GYBE, jibe. v. n. To sneer ; to taunt. Spenser. To GYE*, gl. v. a. To guide. Chaucer. See To GlE. GYMNA'SIUM*, j?m-na'-zhe-um. n. s. [Latin ; yvfivdaiov, Gr.] Formerly, a place for athletick exer- cises, in which such as practised them were nearly naked; any place of exercise; a school. Grno. GYMNA'STICALLY, j?m-nas'-te-kal-e. ad. Athlet* ically ; fitly for strong exercise. Brown. 445 GYN GYV 0=559.- -Fate f^r fall, fat ;- — me, mel ; — pine, pin;—. GYMNA'STICK,jim-nas'-iik.«. [yvp-vaenris.] Per- taining to athletick exercises. Crrao. §5* In this word and its relatives we not unfrequently hear the g hard, as in gimlet, for this learned reason, because they are derived from the Greek. For the very same reason we ought to pronounce the g in Genesis, geography, geometry, and a thousand other words, hard, which would essentially alter the sound of our language. Mr. Sheridan has very properly given the soft g to these words ; and Mr. Nares is of the same opinion with respect to the propriety of this pronuncia- tion, but doubts of the usage ; there can be no doubt, however, of the absurdity of this usage, and of the ne- cessity of curbing it as much as possible. — See Princi- ples, No. 350. W. GYMNA'STICK*, jim-nas'-tik. n. s. Athletick exer- cise. Arbuthnot. A teacher of the wrestling sci- ence. Cockeram. GY'MNICAL*,jim'-ne-kal. a. [yt^viKo?.] Pertaining to athletick exercises. Potter. L GY'MNICK, jim'-nik. a. Such as practise the athlet- ick or gymnastick exercises. Milton. GY'MNICK* jim'-nik. rc. s. Athletick exercise. Bur- ton. GYMNO'SOPHIST*, jim-n6s'-6-fist. n. s. [yvuvo- ■cocpiuTai.'] One of a sect of Indian philosophers. Bur- ton. GYMNOSPE'RMOUS Jim-n6-speV-m&s. a. [yfyvos and (Tiripfxa.] Having the seeds naked. To GYN*, gin. v. n. To begin. Wicliffe. G Y'NARCHY*. jW-ar-ke. n. s. [ywr) and ap % ^.] Female government. Ld. Ouster field. GYNiE'ClAN^je-ne'-shan. a. [ywauebs, genitive of yuvr)Jt Relating to women. Ferrand. GYNiEO'CRACY* ,jl-ne-6k'-ra-se. n. s. [yvvtj andfe Kpdros.'] Government over which a woman may preside. Selden. GYNECO'CRACY,jl-ne-k6k'-ra-se,«. 5. [ Y vvuikok pana.l Petticoat government ; female pov/er. GYPSE*, jlps. n. s. [gypse, Fr.] A kind of stone Pococke. GY'PSEOUS*, jip'-se-us. )a. Relating Xogvpsum, GY'PSINE*, jip'-sin. \ belonging to lime or plaster. Chambers. GY / PSU3^,jy-s^m.n.s.[y^o S .] The name of a class of fossils ; the plaster stone ; white lime ; a kind of plaster. Clutmbers. GY'PSY*. See Gipsy. GYRATION, jl-r^-shfin. n.s. {gyro, Lat.] The act of turning any thing about. Newton. GYRE §, pre. n. s. {gyrus, Lat.] A circle described by any thing moving in an orbit. Spenser. To GYRE*, jire. v. a. To turn round. Bp. Hall. GY'RED, jl'-r£d. a. Falling in rings. Johnson. GYRFA'LCON*. See Gerfalcon. GY'ROMANCY*,jir'-6-man-se. n.s. [ytpos and pav- reia.] A sort of divination, performed by walking in or round a circle. GYVE §, jive. n.s. [gevijn, Welsh.] A fetter; a chain for the legs. Sfiakspeare. 93~ Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott make the g in this word hard ; but Mr. Elphinston, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, with more propriety, make it soft, as 1 have marked it. Mr. Nares makes the sound doubtful ; but this majority of authorities, and agreeableness to analogy, have re- moved my doubts, and made me alter my former opin- ion. W. To GYVE, jive. v.a. To fetter; to shackle. Sluxk speare. HAB HAB His, in English, as in other languages, a note of aspiration, sounded only by a strong emission of the breath, without any conformation of the or- gans of speech, and is therefore, by many gramma- rians, accounted no letter. The h in English is scarcely ever mute at the beginning of a word, as Iwuse. The strong emission of the breath is usually withheld from heir, herb, hostler, honest, honour, hu- mour ; and perhaps from hospital and hour ; and by some from humble. 394. HA, ha. interject. [Lat.] An expression of wonder, surprise, sudden question, or sudden exertion. Shatepeare. An expression of laughter. Job, xxxix. HA*, ha. n. s. An expression of wonder, surprise, doubt, or hesitation. Shakspeare. To HA*, ha. v. n. To express surprise ; to hesitate. HAAK, hake. n. s. A fish. See Hake. HA'BEAS CORP US, ha'-be-as-kor'-pus. [Lat.] A writ, which a man, indicted of some trespass, being laid in prison for the same, may have out of the King's Bench, thereby to remove himself thither at his own costs. Cowel. HA'BERDASHER§, hab'-ur-dash-ur. n.s. [from berdash, a kind of neck-dress, the maker of which was called a berdasher ; and thence came haber- dashers.'] One who sells small wares; a pedler. Bacon. HA'BERDASHERY* hab'-ur-dash-ur-e. n. s. Ar- ticles made or sold by haberdashers. Burke. HA'BERDINE^ab-ur-deen'. n. s. [fiabordmn, Fr.] A dried salt cod. Ainsworth. HA'BERGEON, hab-beV-je-on. n. s. [Imltz, or hols, and bergen, Teut.] Armour to cover the neck and breast. Exod. xxviii. §5= This word is analogically accented on the second syl- lable: but Johnson, in all the editions of his Dictionary, has the accent on the first, though his authorities are against him. W. HABI'LIMENT, ha-bil'-e-ment. n. s. [habilanent, Fr.] Dress ; clothes ; garment. Spenser. ToHABI'LITATE^ha-bfl'-e-tate. v.a. [liabiliter, Fr.] To qualify ; to entitle. HABI'LITATE*, ha-bil'-e-tate. a. Qualified; en titled. Bacon. HABILTTA'TION, ha-bil-e-ta'-shun. n. s. Qualifica lion. Bacon. HABI'LITY, hl-bil'-e-te. n. s. Faculty; power; means : now ability. Spenser. HA'BIT §, hab'-it. n. s. [habitus, Lat.] State of any thing: as, habit of body. Dress ; accoutrement. Sliak. Habit is a power in man of doing any thing, when it has been acquired by frequently doing the same thing. Locke. Custom ; inveterate use. South. To HA'BIT, hab'-it. v. a. To dress ; to accoutre ; to array. Shakspeare. To HA'BIT*, hab'-it. v. a. [habito, Lat.] To inhabit ; to dwell in. Chaucer. Ob. T. HA'BIT ABLE $, hab'-e-ta-bl. a. Capable of being dwelt in. Bacon. HA'BIT A BLENESS, hab'-e-ta-bl-ngs. n. s. Capaci ty of being dwelt in. More. HA'BITACLE*, hab'-it-a-kl. n. s. [habilaculum, Lat.] A dwelling. Bale. An old word. HA'BIT ANCE, hab'-e-tanse. n.s. Dwelling; abode. Spenser. HA'BIT ANT, hab'-e-tant. n. s. Dweller ; inhabitant. Milton. HABIT A'TION, hab-e-ta'-sh&n. n. s. The state of a place receiving dwellers. Milton. Act of inhabit ing ; state of dwelling. Denham. Place of abode ; dwelling. Hooker. HA'BITATOR^b'-^-ik-tiir.n.s. [Lat.] Dweller; inhabitant. Brown. HA'BITED*, hab'-it-eU a. Accustomed; usual. Fuller. HABI'TUAL. ha-bitsh'-u-al. 461. a. Customary; accustomed ; inveterate. Milton. HABl'TUALLY, ha-bitsh'-u-al-e. ad. Customarily ; by habit. Atterbury. To HABI'TUATE, ha-bitsh'-u-ate. v. a. [habituer, Fr.] To accustom ; to use one's self by frequent repetition. Tillotson. HABI'TUATE*, ba-bitsh'-u-ate. a. Inveterate ; ob- stinate. Hammond. 446 HAG HAK -nA, move, nAr, n&t ;— tA.be, tub, bull ; — A?l ;— pAAnd ;— thin, THis. [haqiie, old Fr.} A horse let out Hesitating or faltering speech. HA KiTUDE, hab'-e-iAde. n.s. [hibitudo, Lat.] Re- lation ; respect; state with regard to something else. Brown. Familiarity ; converse 5 frequent in- tercourse. Dryden. Long custom ; habit. Dryden. The power of doing any thing acquired by fre- quent repetition. Dryden. HA BLE*, ".A'-bl. a. [luzbilis, Lat.] Fit; proper. SjKnser. See Able. HA BNAB, hab'-nab. ad. [hap ne Imp.] At random; at the mercy of chance. Lilly. To HACKS, "hak. v. a. [haccan, Sax.] To cut into small pieces ; to chop. Sidney. To speak unread- ily, or with hesitation. Shakspeare. HACK*, hak. n.s. A notch; a hollow cut. Shak- speare. HACJ£$*,h&k.n for hire. Moor More. HACK*, hak. a. Hired. Wakefield. To HACK, hak. v. n. To hackney ; to turn hack- nev or prostitute. Hanmar. To HACKLES, hak'-kl. 405. v. a. [hekelen, Teut.] To dress flax. To separate; to tear asunder. Burke. HA CKLE*, hak'-kl. n. s. A comb for dressing flax. Skelton. HA CKLE, hak'-kl. n. s. A fly for angling, dressed sometimes with the feathers of a cock, and some- times with silk. Walton. HACKNEY^, hak'-ne. n. s. [Iiucnai, Welsh.] A pacing horse ; a pad ; a nag. Chaucer. A hired horse. Bacon. A hireling; a prostitute. Burnet. Any thing let out for hire. HACKNEY*, hak'-ne. a. Worn out, like a hired horse. Beaumont and Fletcher. Prostitute; vicious for hire. Roscommon. Much used; common; let out for hire. Milton. HACKNEY-COACHMAN*, hak'-ne-kAtsh'-mun. n. s. The driver of a hired or hackney coach. Guardian. HACKNEY-MAN*, hak'-ne-man. n. s. One who lets horses to hire. Barret. To HA'CKNEY, hak'-ne. v. a. To practise in one thing; to accustom, as to the road. Shak. To carrv in a hacknev coach. Cowper. HA'CQUETON, hak'-kwe-tAn. n.s. [haqueton, or hoqueton, Fr.] A stuffed jacket, formerly worn under armour, sometimes made of leather. Spen- ser. HACKSTER*, hak'-stur. n. s. [from hack.-] A bul- ly ; a ruffian ; an assassin. Bp. Hall. HADS, had. The preterit and part. pass, of have. HAD-I-WIST*, had-l-w?st'. A proverbial expres- sion. Oh that I had known. Gower. HA'DDER* had'-dur. n. s. [heide, Germ.] Heath ; lin?. Burton. HA DDOCK, had'-d&k. 166. n. s. [Imdot, Fr.] A sea-fish of the cod kind, but small. Carew. HADE*, hade. n. s. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft; the descent of a hill. Drayton. HAFTS, haft. 78, 79. n.s. [haepfc, Sax.] A han- dle ; that part of any instrument that is taken into the hand. Gower. To HAFT, haft. v. a. To set in a haft. Ainsworth. HA'FTER*, haf-tur. n.s. A wrangler; a caviller; a crafty or cunning fellow. Barret. Ob. T. HAG S, hag. n. s. [hae£erfce, Sax.] A witch ; an enchantress. Dering. A fury; a she monster. Crasliaw. An old ugly woman. Dryden. Ap- pearances of light and fire upon the manes of Horses, or men's hair, were formerly called hags. Blount. HAG-BORN*, hig'-born. a. Born of a witch or hag. Shakspeare. To HAG, hag. v. a. To torment; to harass with vain terrour. Hudibras. HA'GABAG*. See Huckaback. HA'GGARD}, hag'-gard. a. (hagard, Fr.] Wild; untamed ; difficult to be reclaimed. Spenser, [ha- ger, Germ.] Lean ; rugged ; perhaps, ugly. L' Es- trange. Deformed with passion. Dryden. HA'GGARD, hag'-gard. n. s. Any thing wild or irreclaimable. Sliak. A species of hawk. Sandyt A hag. HA'GGARD*, hag'-gard. n. s. [ha^a and Seapb, Sax.] A stack-yard. Howell. HA'GGARDLY, hag^ard-le. ad. Deformedly ; ug lily. Dryden. HAM3GESS, hag'-ges. n. s. [from hack.] A mass of meat, generally pork chopped, and enclosed in a membrane. HA'GGISH, hag(-g?sh. a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed ; horrid. Shakspeare. To HA'GGLE$, hag'-gl. v. a. [from hackle or hack.] To cut ; to chop ; to mangle. Shakspeare. To HA'GGLE, hag'-gl. v. n. [harceler, Fr.] To be tedious in a bargain ; to be long in coming to the price. Shenstone. HA'GGLER, hagZ-gl-ur. 98. n. s. One that cuts. One that is tardy in bargaining. Cotgrave. HA GIO' GRAPHA*, ha-je-6g / -ra-f a. n. s. pi. [£y<- 0? and yp30w.] Holy writings; a name given tc part of the books of Scripture. Abp. Newcome. HAGIO'GRAPHAL*, ha-je-og'-ra-fal. a. Denoting the writings called lutgiographa. Bp. Cosin. HAGIO'GRAPHER, ha-je-Ag'-ra-f&r. n. s. A holy writer. The Jews divide the Holy Scriptures of the Old Testament into the law, the prophets, and the hagiographers. Whitby. HA'GSHIP*, hag'-shlp. n. s. The title of a witch or hag. Middleton. HAGUE*, hag. I n. s. [hacquebule, old HA'GUEBUT*, hag'-bfit. \ Fr.] A kind of fire- arms ; a culverin, or hand-cannon, fixed on a lit- tle carriage, since called the arquebuse, according to Grose. HAH, ha. interj. An expression of sudden effort Dryden. HAIL $, hale. n. s. [haegl, Sax.] Drops of rain frozen in their falling. Locke. To HAIL, hale. v. n. To pour down hail. Is. xxxii. To HAIL*, hale. v. a. [haella, Su. Goth.] To pour. Shakspeare. HAIL S, hale, interj. [hael, Sax.] A term of saluta- tion ; health. Milton. HAIL*, hale. a. Healthy ; sound. See Hale. HAIL-FELLOW*, hale'-fel'-lA. n. s. A companion. Bp. Hall. To HAIL, hale. v. a. To salute ; to call to. Knolles. HA'ILSHOT, hale'-shot. n. s. Small slrot scattered like hail. Hayward. HA'ILSTONE, hale'-stAne. n. s. A particle or single ball of hail. Joshua, x. HA'ILY, ha'-le. a. Consisting of hail ; full of hail. Pope. HA'INOUS*. See Heinous. HAIRS, hare. n.s. [hsen, Sax.] One of the common teguments, found upon all the parts of the body, ex- cept the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Quincy. A single hair. Shak. Any thing proverbial- ly small. Dryden. Course; order; grain. Shak. HA'IRBRAINED, hare'-bran'd. 359. a. [properly harebrained, wild as a hare.] Wild; irregular; un- steady. Shakspeare. HA'IRBEL, hare'-bel. n. s. A flower; the hyacinth- HA'IRBREADTH, hare'-brem. n. s. A very small distance ; the diameter of a hair. Judg. xx. HATRCLOTH, hare'-klAzft. n. s. Stuff made of hair, very rough and prickly, worn sometimes in morti- fication. Grew. HAIRHU'NG*, hare-hung 7 , a. Hanging by a hair. Young. HA'IRINESS, ha'-re-nes. n. s. The state of being covered with hair, or abounding with hair. Brown. HA'IRLACE, hW-lase. n. s. The fillet with which women lie up their hair. Harvey. HA'IRLESS, hare'-les. a. Wanting hair. Bp. Hall. HATRN£EDLE*,hare'-ne-dl.?«. s. Formerly an HA'IRPIN* hare'-pin. \ instrument for tor- turing the hair ; the latter within our own memo- ry ; tne former very ancient. HA'IRY, hi'-re. a. Overgrown with hair. Bacon. Consisting of hair. Dryden. HAKE, hake. n.s. A kind offish. Carew. 447 HAL HAL (C? 559.- -Fate, far, fall, fat ;- -me, mhackle ; to entangle, a«£p nets. Herbert. To en- snare ; to inveigle. ShSflspeare. To complicate ; to tangle. Blackmore. To perplex ; to embarrass bv maiiv lets and troubles. Hudibras. HA'MPER*, hamry-ur. n. s. A kind of chain or fet- ter. Browne. HA MSTRING §, ham'-strfng. 7?. s. [Jiam and string.] The tendon of the ham. Wiseman. To HAMSTRING, ham' -string, v. a. pret. and part, pass, hamstrung. To lame by cutting the tendon of the ham. Dryden. HAN, for have, in the plural. Spenser. Ob. J. HA'N APER, han'-a-pfir. 98. n. s. [hanaperium, low Lat.] A treasury ; an exchequer. Bacon. To HANCE* or HAUNCE*, hanse. v. a. [hausser, Fr.] To lift up. Chaucer. To raise ; to enhance. Chaucer. HA'NCES, han'-sez. n.s. [In a ship.] Falls of (he fife-rails placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to the gangway, Harris. [In architecture.] The ends of elliptical arches. Har- ris. HANDS, hand. n.s. [hanb, honb, Sax.] The palm with the fingers. Knolles. Measure of four inches ; a palm. Side, right or left. Exod. xxxviii. Part ; quarter ; side. Swift. Ready pavment, with re- spect to the receiver. Knolles. Ready payment, with regard to the payer, out of hand, i. e. imme- diately. Tob. iv. Rate; price. Bacon. Terms; conditions; rate. Stubbes. Act; deed; external action. King Charles. Labour; act of the hand. Milton. Performance. Shak. Power of perfor- mance. Addison. Attempt ; undertaking. Spenser. Manner of gathering or taking. Bacon. Work- manship ; power or act of manufacturing or mak- ing. Cheyne. Manner of acting or performing. Dryden. Agency; part in action. South. The act of giving or presenting. 2 Sam. Act of receiv- ing any thing ready to one's hand. Locke. Care ; necessity of managing. Pope. Discharge of duty. Hooker. Reach; r.eamess : as, at hand, within reach. Shakspeare. Manual management. Dryden. State of being in preparation. Shak. State of be- ing in present agitation. Locke. Cards held at a game. Bacon. That which is used in opposition to another. Hudibras. Scheme of action. B.Jon- son. Advantage ; gain ; superiority. Haijward. Competition ; contest. Shak. Transmission ; con- veyance. 1 Kings, xiv. Possession ; power. Hooker. Pressure of the bridle. Shak. Method of government; discipline; restraint. Bacon. In- fluence ; management. Daniel. That which per- forms the office of a hand in pointing. Locke. Agent ; person employed. Swift. Giver, and receiver. Tillotson. An actor ; a workman; a soldier. Spenser. Lccke. Catch or reach without choice. Judges. Form or cast of writing. Lccke. — Hand over head. Negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. Bacon. Hand to hand. Close fight. Shak. Hand in hand. In union ; conjoint ly. Swift. Fit ; pat. Shak. Hand to mouth. As want requires. Bp. Reynolds. To bear in hand. To keep in expectation ; to elude. Shak. To be hand and glove. To be intimate and familiar; to suit one another. To HAND, hand. v. a. To give or transmit with the hand. Brown. To guide or lead by the hand. Donne. To seize ; to lay hands on. Sliak. To manage; to move with "the hand. Prior. To transmit in succession ; to deliver from one to an- other. Woodward. To HAND*, hand. v.n. To go hand in hand ; to co- operate with. Massinger. HAND is much used in composition for that which is manageable by the hand, as, a handsiw ; or borne in the hand, as, a handbarrow. HA'NDBALL*, hand'-ball. n. s. One of our ancient fames with the ball. Brand. 'NDBARROW, hand'-bar-r6. n. s. A frame on which any thing is carried by the hands of two men, without wheeling on the ground. Tusser. 449 HAN HAN [HT 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, m£t ;— pine, p?n : HANDBASKET, hand'-basddt. n. s. A portable basket. Mortimer. HANDBELL, hand'-bet- n. s. [hanbbell, Sax.] A bell rung- by the hand. Baron. HANDBO W* hand'-bi. n. s. A bow managed by the hand. Old Ballad of Adam Bell. HANDBREADTH. hand'-breaM. n.s. A space equal to the breadth of the hand ; a palm. Ex. xxv. HANDCLOTH* hand' '-k\bth. n. s. A handkerchief. HANDCUFF*, hand'-kuf. n. s. [hanbcopj-e, Sax.] A manacle ; a fetter for the wrist. To HANDCUFF*, hand'-kof. v. a. To manacle 5 to fasten by a chain. Hay. HANDCRAFT*, hand'-kraft. n. s. Work perform- ed by the hand. HANDCRAFTSMAN* hand'-krafts-man. n. s. A workman. Huloet. HANDED, han'-deU a. Having; the use of the hand, left or right. Broivn. With hands joined. Milton. HANDER, han'-dur. n.s. Transmitter} conveyer in succession. Dryden,. HANDFAST, hand'-fast. n.s. [hand and fast.'] Hold ; custody. Slmk. Hold ; power of kee])ing. Beaumont and Fletcher. HANDFAST*, hand'-fast. a. Fast as by contract ; firm in adherence. Bale. To HANDFAST*, hand'-fast. v. a. [hanbpser-fcan, Sax.] To betroth. Coverdcde. To join together solemnly by the hand. B. Jonson. To oblige by duty; to bind. Abp. Bancroft. HANDFASTING*, hand'-fast-lng. n. s. [handfaesl- ning, Su. Goth.] A kind of marriage contract. Christen State of Mat rim. HANDFETTER*, hancl'-f£i-tur. n. s. A manacle for the hands. Sherwood. HANDFUL, hand'-fiil. n. s. As much as the hand can contain. °2 Mace. iv. A palm ; a hand's breadth. Bacon. A small number or quantity. Clarendon. As much as can be clone. Raleigh. HANDGALLQP, hand'-gal-lup. n.s. A slow, easy gallop, in which the hand presses the bridle to hin- der increase ot speed. Drvden. HANDGRENA'DE* See Granado, and Gre- nade. HANDGUN, hand'-g&n. n. s. A gun wielded by the hand. Camden. HANDICRAFT, han'-de-kraft. n. s. [hanbepsepfc, Sax. See Handcraft.] Manual occupation. Ad- dison. A man who lives by manual labour. Dry- den. HANDICRAFTSMAN, han'-de-krafts-man. 88. n.s. A manufacturer; one employed in manual occupation. Shakspeare. HANDILY, han'-de-le. ad. With skill ; with dex- terity. HANDlNESS, han'-de-nes. n.s. Readiness; dex- terity. Lord Chesterfield. HANDIWORK, han'-de-wrtrk. n. s. [a corruption of handwork.'] Work of the hand; product of la- bour; manufacture. Hooker. HANDKERCHIEF, hang'-kgr-tshlf. n. s. [half Sax. and half Fr.] A piece of silk or linen used to wipe the face, or cover the neck. Sidney. HA'NDLANGUAGE*, hand'-lang-gwldje. n.s. The science, of conversing by means of the hand. Dal- garno. To HANDLE, han'-dl. 405. v. a. [handelen. Dutch.] To touch ; to feel with the hand. Locke. To man- age ; to wield. Sliak. To make familiar to the hand by frequent touching. Temple. To treat ; to mention in writing or talk. Shak. To deal with ; to practise*. Jer. ii. To treat well or ill. Clarendon. To practise upon ; to transact with. Shakspeare. HANDLE, han'-dl. 405. n. s. [hanble, Sax.] That part of any thing by which it is held in the hand ; a haft. Bp. Taylor. That of which use is made. South. HANDLEABLE*, hand'-dl-a-bl. a. That may be handled. Sherwood. HANDLESS, handMgs. a. Without a hand. Shak- speare. HANDLING*, handling, v. a. Touch. B. Jonson. Cunning; trick; Spenser. HANDMAID, hAnd'-made. n. s. A maid tlfrt waits at hand. Bacon. HANDMAIDEN*, hand'-ma-dn. n. s. A maid-ser- vant ; a handmaid. St. Luke. HANDxMILL, hand'-mil. n. s. A mill moved by the hand. Dry den. HANDS OFF, handz-&ff\ interj. A vulgar phrase for keep of; forbear. HANDSAILS, hand'-salz. n.s. Sails managed by the hand. Temple. HANDSAW, hand'-saw. n. s. Saw manageable by the hand. Sluikspeare. HANDSCREW*, hand'-skroo. n. s. [hand and screw.] A sort of engine for raising heavy timber, or great weights of any kind ; a jack. HANDSEL §,_han'-sel n.s. [hansel, Dutch.] The first act of using any thing; the first act of sale. Sir T. Eluot. To HANDSEL, han'-sel v. a. To use or do any thing the first time. Cowley. HANDSOME §, han'-s&m. a. [handsaem, Dutch.] Ready; gainly; convenient. Spenser. Beautiful with dignity; graceful. Addison. Elegant; grace- ful. Felton. Ample ; liberal : as, a handsome for- tune. Generous ; noble : as, a handsome action. To HANDSOME, han'-sum. v.a. To render ele- gant or neat. Donne. HANDSOMELY, han'-siun-le. ad. Conveniently ; dexterously. Spenser. Beautifully ; gracefully. Patrick. Elegantly; neatly. Wisdom, xiii. Liber- ally ; generously. Addison. HANDSOMENESS, haV-sum-nck n.s. Beauty; grace; elegance. Boyle. HANDSPIKE*, hand'-splke. n. s. [liand and spike.] A kind of wooden lever to move great weights. HANDSTAFF*, hand'-staf. n. s. [Mud and staff.] A javelin. Ezek. xxxix. HANDVICE, hand'-vlse. n. s. A vice to hold small work in. Moxon. HANDWEAPON*, hand'-wep-p'n. n. s. Any weap- on which may be wielded by the hand. Numb. xxxv. HANDWORK*, hand'-w&rk. n. s. Same as liandi- work'. HANDWORKED*, hand'-wfirkt. a. Made with hands. HANDWRFTING, hand-rl'-tlng. n. s. A cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand. Cockburn. Any writing. Contents of Chap. iv. of Daniel. HANDY §, han'-de. a. Executed or performed by the hand. Ready; dexterous; skilful. Dryden. Convenient ; ready to the hand. Moxon. HANDYBLOW*, han'-de-bl6. n.s. A stroke in- flicted by the hand; an act of hostility. Harrnar. HANDYDANDY, han'-de-dan-d£. n. s. A play among children, in which something is shaken be- tween two hands, and then a guess is made in which hand it is retained. Shakspeare. HANDYGRIPE*, han'-de-gripe. n. s. Seizure by the hand or paw. Hudibras. HANDYSTROKE*, ban'-de-slroke. n. s. A blow inflicted bv the hand Beaumont and Fletcher. HANDYWORK* See Handiwork. To HANG §, hang. 409. »>. a. preter. and part. pass. hanged, or hung, anciently hong, [han^an, Sax.] To suspend ; to fasten in such a manner as to be sustained not below, but above. South. To place without any solid support. Sandys. To choalc and kill by suspending by the neck. 2 Sa?n. xvii. To display ; to show aloft. Shak. To let fall below the proper situation ; to decline. Ecc/us. xix. To fix in such a manner as in some directions to be movable. 1 Mac. iv. To cover or charge by any thing suspended. Shak. To furnish with ornaments or draperies fastened to the wall. Bacon. — To hang upon. To regard with passionate affection. Shakspeare. To HANG, hang. v. n. To be suspended ; to be sup- ported above, not below. Spenser. To depend ; to fall loosely on the lower part ; to dangle. Hudi- bras. To bend forward. Addison. 'To float; to 450 HAP HAR — 116, move, nor, not ;— tube, lib, hull ;— 6\\ ;— pound ;— thin. ru\ play. Prior. To be supported by something rais- ed above the ground. Addison. To real upon by embracing. >'•,>/,•. To hover; to impend. Att>-r- uuru. To be loosely joined. Shak. To drag j to be incommodiously joined. Addison. To be "com- pact or united. Dry den. To adhere, onwelcomely or incommodiously. Addison. To rest ; to reside. .. To be in suspense ; to be in a state of un- certainty. Dad. To be delayed ; to linger. Mil- ton. To he dependent on. Prior. To be fixed or suspended with attention. Pope. To have a steep declivity. Mortimer. To be executed by the halter. Sliak. To decline ; to tend down. Pope. To be displayed ; to be shown. Shak. To con- tinue; as, the wind lias hung easterly a great while. — To hang fire. A term applied to guns, when the Same communicates not immediately from the pan to the charge. HANG BY*, har.g'-bi. n.s. A dependant : an ex- pression of contempt. Bp. Hall. HANGER, bang'-ur. 409. n.s. That by which any- thing iiangs. Shakspeare. HANGER, hang -or. 98. n.s. [hangier, Persian.] A short curved sword ; a short broad swerd. Smollett. II A NGER*. hang'-ar. n.s. One who causes others to be hanged. Aubrey. HA NGER-ON, hdng-ur-or/. n. s. A dependant. Brown. HA NGING. hang'-ing. 410. n.s. Drapery hung or fastened against the walls of rooms. Shak. Any thing that hangs to another. Shak. Death by a halter. Pope. Display ; exhibition. Addison. HA/NGENfG, bang'-ing. part. a. Foreboding death by the halter. Sliak. Requiring to be punished by the baker; changing matter. HA NGlNG-SLEEVESf, hang'-fng-sleevz. n. s. pi. Strips of the same stuff with the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders, formerly worn by children of both sexes. Lord Halifax. HA'NGMAN, hang -man. S8. n. s. The publick exe- cutioner. Sidney. A term of reproach, either seri- ous or ludicrous. ShaJcspeare. HANK§, hangk. n.s. [hank, Iceland.] A skein of thread. Sherwood. A lie ; a check ; an influence. 7 of Piety. In naval language, hanks are wooden rings fixed on the stays. In the north, a withy or rope for fastening a gate. To HANK*, hangk. v. n. To form into hanks. To HANKER, nangk'-fir. v. n. [hzmkeren, Dutch.] To lon«- importunately. Addison. HA NKERlNG *, hangk -Or-lng. n. s. Strong de- sire ; longing. Hudibras. To HA NiCLE*. hang'-kl. v.n. To twist ; to entangle. HANSE*, hanse. ) n. s. [hanse, Teut.] A society or HANSE Towns*. ) company of merchants; and thence applied to certain towns in Germany, which confederated for mutual defence. Hudibras. HANSEA'TICK* ban she-at'-lk. a. Relating to the Hanse Tomij. HA'NSEL* See Handsel. HAN'T, ha'nt. 80. For has not, or have not. HAP o, hap. n. s. [hap, Welsh.] Chance; fortune. Spenser. That which happens by chance. Sidney. Accident ; casual event. Fair/ax. HAP-HARLOT*, hap-harM&t. n. s. A coarse cov- erlet. Harrison. MAP-HAZARD, hap-haz'-fird. 88. n. s. Chance ; accident. Hooker. To HAP, bap. v. n. To happen; to have the casual consequence. Spenser. To come by chance; to befall casually. ShaJcspeare. To HAP*, hap. v. a. [heapian, Sax.] To cover. Robinson, [hopper, old Fr.] To eaten ; to seize ; to take. HAPLESS, hap'-le's. a. Unhappy ; unfortunate ; luckless. Sliakspeare. HAPLY, hap'-le. ad. Perhaps ; peradventure ; it may be. Shak. Bv chance ; by accident. Milton. 'TbHA'PPEN/hap'-pn- 405. v. n. To fall out ; to chance; to come to pass. Jsaiah, xli. To light ; to fall by chance. Gramri. To HA'PPER*, hap'-pfir. v.n. To hop; to skip about. See To Hop. Harmon HA PPILY, hap'-pe-le. ad. Fortunately; luckily; successfully. Dryden. Addressfully ; gracefully ; without labour. Pope. In a state of felicity ; as, He lives happily. By chance; peradventure. J«i this sense it is written for haply. Digbv 11A TP1NESS, bapApe-nes. n.s. Fenc.i^ ; slate in which the desires are satisfied. Hooke. Good luck ; good fortune. Fortuitous elegance. Denham HA'PPi , lmp'-pe. a. [from hap.] In a state of fell city. Sidney. Lucky; successful ; fortunate. Boyle. Addressful ; ready. Shak. Propitious ; favourable. Sliak. — Happy man be his dole. A proverbial ex- pression, implying, May his dole, or share in life, be that of a happy man. Beaumont and Fletcher. HA'QUETON. See Hkcquetox. HA'RAM*, or HA'REM* ha'-ram. n.s. [Persian.] A seraglio; the women's apartment in the east. Scrip. lllustr. Expos. Ind. HARA'NGUE §, ha-rang'. 337. n. s. [hpin^an, Sax.] A speech ; a popular oration. Milton. To HARA'NGUE, ha-rang 7 . v.n. To make a speech ; to pronounce an oration. Pope. To HARA'NGUE, ha-rang 7 . v. a. To address by an oration. HARA'NGUER, ha-rang'-fir. n. s. An orator ; a publick speaker. Dryden. To HA'RASS$, har'-iis. v. a. [heparan, Saxon, to spoil.] "To desolate; to waste; to destroy. Ham- mond. To weary ; to fatigue. Bacon. HA'RASS. har'-as. n. s. Waste; disturbance. Milton. HA'RASSER* hiir'-as-ur. n. s. [hep£e, Sax.] A spoiler. Ellis. HA'RBIN GER, har'-bln-jur. n. s. [herberger, Dutch.] A forerunner ; a precursor. Shakspeare. HA'RBOROUGH*, har'-bfir-r6. n. s. [henebeji- ^a. Sax.] A lodging. Spenser. To HA'RbOROUGH* har'-bu.r-r6. v. a. To receive into lodging. Hulcet. HA'RBOROUS* har'-bflr-os. a. Hospitable. Old Transl.of the Neio T^st. HA'RBOUR$, har'-bur. 314. n. s. [hepebep£a, Sax.] A lodging; a place of entertainment. Dry den. A port or haven for shipping. Addison. An asvlum : a shelter. To HA'RBOUR, har'-bur. v. n. To receive enter- tainment ; to sojourn. Shakspeare. To HA'RBOUft, har'-bur. v. a. To entertain ; to permit to reside. Shak. To shelter; to secure. Sidney. HA'RBOURAGE, har'-bur-aje. 90. n. s. Shelter ; entertainment. Shakspeare. HA'RBOURER, har'-bur-fir. 98. n. s. One that en- tertains another. Drayton. HA'RBOURLESS, har'-bfir-les. a. Wanting har- bour; being without lodging. Wicliff'e. HA'RBOUROUS*. SeeHARBOROus. HA'RBROUGH. See Harborough. HARD§, hard. 78. a. [heapb, Sax.] Firm; resisting penetration or separation; not soft. Shak. Diffi cult; not easy to the intellect. Sidney. Difficult ol accomplishment. Gen. xviii. Painful ; distressful , laborious. Gen. xxxv. Cruel; oppressive; rigor cus. Locke. Sour; rough; severe. Shak. Unfa vourable; unkind. Dryden. Insensible ; inflexible Dryden. Obdurate; impenitent. Swift. Unhap py; vexatious. Temple. Vehement ; keen ; severe ' as, a hard winter. Unreasonable ; unjust. Swift Forced ; not easily granted. Burnet. Powerful forcible. Addison. Austere; rough, as liquids. Ba con. Harsh ; stiff; constrained. Dryderi. Not plen spc HARD, hard Avaricious ; faulti- 31 pji ; fan tiful ; not prosperous. Dryden. ly^sparjng. St. Matt. xxv. ad. [hardo, old Germ.] Close; near Sidney. Diligently ; laboriously ; incessantly. Dry- den. Uneasily; vexatiously. Shak. Distressfully Brown. Fast; nimbly; vehemently. U Estrange. Wilh difficulty. Bacon. Tempestuously; boister^ on si v. Bp. Taylor. HARDBESE TTING*, hard-be-set'-llng. part, a Closelv surrounding. Milton. 451 HAR HAR (0= 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat 5— me, met ;— pine, pin ;— Vehementlj- con- )a. Obtained by 5 great labour Coarse ; me- HA'RDBOUND, hard'-bSund. a. Costive. Pope. HA'RDEARNED*, hard'-ernd. part. a. Earned with difficulty. Burke. To HA'RDEN, har'-dn. 103. v. n. To grow hard. Bacon. To HA RDEN, har'-dn. v. a. To make hard ; to in- durate. Woodward. To confirm in effrontery ; to make impudent. To confirm in wickedness 3 to make obdurate. Heb. iii. To make insensible ; to stupify. Tillotson. To make firm 5 to endue with constancy. Job, vi. HA'RDENER, har'-dn-fir. n. s. One that makes any thing hard. HARDFAYOURED, hard'-fa-vurd. a. [hard and, favour.'] Coarse of feature. Dry den. HARDFA'VOUREDNESS*, hard'-fa-vurd-nSs. n. s. Ugliness: coarseness of features. Wodroephe's Fr. Gr. HARDFI STED*, hard'-flst-ed. a. Covetous: close- handed. Bp. Hall. HARDFO'UGHT*, hard'-fawt. a, tested. Fanslww. HARDGO'T*, hard'-g&t. HARDGO'TTEN*, hard'-got-tn. and pains. Drayton. HARDHANDED, hard'-han-ded chanick. Shak. Exercising severity. Milton. HA RDHEAD, hard'-hed. n. s. Clash of heads. Dry- den. HARDHEARTED, hard-hart -ed. a. Cruel 5 inex- orable 3 merciless. Shakspeare. HARDHE'ARTEDNESS, hard-hart'^d-nes. n. s. Cruelty 3 want of tenderness. South. HA'RDIHEAD, har'-de-hed. )n.s. Stoutness 3 HA'RDIHOOD, har'-de-hud. 307. $ bravery. Spen- ser. ILVRDIMENT, har'-de-ment. n.s. Courage; stout- ness 3 bravery. Spenser. HA'RDINESS, har'-de-nes. n. s. Hardship ; fatigue. Spenser. Stoutness 3 courage ; bravery. Bacon. Effrontery ; confidence. HARDLA'BOURED, hard-la'-burd. 362. a. Elabo- rate ; studied. Sicift. HA'RDLY, hard'-le. ad. With difficulty ; not easily. Hooker. Scarcely; scant 3 not lightly. Spenser. Almost not ; barely. Dryden. Grudgingly ; as an injury. Sliak, Severely; unfavourably. Hooker. Rigorously 3 oppressively. Clarendon. Unwel- comely 3 harshly. Locke. Not softly 3 not tenderly. Dryden. HA'RDMOUTHED^rard-mSuTHd'. a. Disobedient to the rein ; not sensible of the bit. Dryden. HA'RDNESS, hard'-nes. n.s. Durity; power of re- sistance in bodies. Locke. Difficulty to be under- stood. SlwJc. Difficulty to be accomplished. Sid- ney. Scarcity ; penury. Swift. Obduracy ; prof- ligateness. Ecclus. xvi. Coarseness 3 harshness of look. Ray. Keenness ; vehemence of weather. Mortimer. Strictness of manners ; austereness. Bp. Taylor. Cruelty of temper ; savageness. Shak. Stiffness; harshness. Dryden. Faulty parsimony ; stinginess. HARDNI'BBED*, hard-nib'd'. a. [heapb-nebbe, Sax.] Having a hard nib ; by us applied to a pen ; by the Saxons, to birds which have a hard beak. HA'RDOCK,har'-d6k. n.s. Probably the hoardock, i. e. the dock with whitish, woolly leaves. SJiak. HARDS, hardz. n.s. [heojibay, Sax.] The refuse or coarser part of flax. HARDSHIP, hard'-shlp. n. s. [from hard.-] Injury ; oppression. Swift. Inconvenience ; fatigue. Sprat. HA'RDWARE, hard'-ware. n. s. Manufactures of metal. HARDWAREMAN, hard'-ware-man. n.s. A ma- ker or seller of metalline manufactures. Swift. HA RDY §, har'-de. a. [hardi, Fr.] Bold ; brave ; stout ; daring. Bacon. Strong; hard; firm. South. Confident ; impudent ; viciously stubborn. HARE and HERE, differing in pronunciation only, signify both an army and a lord. Gibson. HARE'S, hare. n. s. [hapa, Sax.] A small quadru- ped, remarkable for timidity, vigilance, and fecun- dity ; the common game of hunters. More. Aeon stellation. Creech. To HARE, hare. v. a. [Iiarer, old Fr.] To fright ; to hurry with lerrour. Clarendon. HA'REBELL, hare'-bel. n. s. A blue flower; cam- paniform. Slmkspeare, HAREBRAINED, hare'-brand. a. [from hare and brain.] Volatile ; unsettled ; wild. Knight. HA'REf OOT, hare'-fut. n.s. A bird. Ainsworth. An herb. Ainsicorth. HAREHE'ARTED*, hare-hart'-gd. a. Timorous ; fearful. Ainsiwrth. HA'REHQUND* hare'-hS&nd. n. s. A hound for hunting hares. HA'REHUNTER*, hare'-hunt-ur. n. s. One who is fond of hunting hares. Pope. HA'REHUNTING*, hare'-hunt-mg. n.s. The diver- sion of hunting the hare. Somenmle. HA'RELIP, hare' -lip. n. s. A fissure in the upper lip with want of substance. Wiseman. HARELFPPED*. hareMlpt. a. Having a harelip. Ainsworth. HA'REMINT*, hare'-mml. n. s. An herb. HARE-PIPE*, hare'-plpe. n. s. A snare to catch hares. Stat. James I. HA'RESEAR. harz'-eer. n. s. A plant. Miller. HA'RESLETTUCE*, harz'-let-tls. n. s. [In botany.] The sow-thistle. Ainsworth. HA'REWORT*, hare'-wurt. n. s. A plant. HA'RLCO T*, har'-e-k6. n.s. [Fr.] A kind of ra- gout, generally made of meat steaks and cut roots. Lord Chesterfield. HA'RIER, har'-re-ur. n. s. [from Iwre.] A dog for hunting hares. Blount. 05= Either the spelling or the pronunciation of this word should be altered. The spelling necessarily requires the a long, as in hare ; and the pronunciation demands the r to be doubled. The most rational alteration would be, to pronounce it with the a long, and to let the other pronunciation be considered as the language of the sta- ble, and the field. — See Leash. W. HARIOLA'TION*, har-e-o-la'-shun. n. s. [liariola- tio, Lat.] Soothsaying. Cockeram. HA'RIOT*. See Heriot. HA'RISH* hare'-lsh. a. Like a hare. Huloet. To HARKS, hark. v. n. \harken, Fris.] To listen. Hudibras. HARK, hark, interj. [It is originally the imperative of the verb hark. 1 ] List ! hear ! listen ! Sluxkspeare. HARL, harl. n. s. The filaments of flax. Any fila- mentous substance. Mortimer. HA/RLEUUIN §, har'-le-km. 415. n. s. [Menage de- rives it from a famous comedian that frequented M. Harlay's house, whom his friends called Harlequi- no, little Harlay.] A buffoon who plays tricks to divert the populace ; a Jack-pudding ; a zany. Dry- den. To HA'RLEQUIN*, har'-le-km. v. a. To conjure away, like a harlequin. Green. HA'RLOCK*, har'-lok. n. s. A plant. Draijton. HA'RLOTS, har'-lat. 166. n. s. [herlcdes, Welsh, a gir!.] A whore; a strumpet. Shak. A base person ; a rogue ; a cheat. Fox. A servant. Cliaucer. HA'RLOT*, har'-lut. a. Like a base person. Sliak. Wanton; like a harlot. Milton. To HA'RLOT*, har'-lut. v. n. To play the harlot ; to keep the company of harlots. Milton. HA'RLOTRY, harMut-re. n. s. Ribaldry. Wicliffe. The trade of a harlot. Bp. Nicholson. A name of contempt for a woman. Shak. Any thing mere- tricious. Pursuits of Literature. HARMS, harm.jz.s. [heapm, Sax.] Injury; crime ; wickedness. Mischief; detriment; hurt. Milton. To HARM, harm. v. a. To hurt; to injure. Shak. HA'RMFUL, harm'-ful. a. [luxrm and full.] Hurt- ful ; mischievous. Spenser. HARMFULLY, harm'-ful-e. ad. Hurtfully ; nox- iously. Ascham. HA RMFULNESS, harm'-ful-nes. n. s. Hurtfulness; misehievousness. HARMLESS, harm'-l^s. a. Innocent; innoxious; not hurtful. Hooker. Unhurt ; undamaged. Raleigh. 452 HAR HAS — nd, mfive. ndr, n6t; — tAbe, tftb, bull;— Sil;— pd&nd;— thin, thjs. HARMLESSLY, harm'-lSs-le. ad. Innocently; without hurt ; without crime. Walton. H\ RMLESSNESS,harm'-leVnes. n.s. Innocence; freedom from tendency to injury or hurt. Donne* HARMO MCAL, har-mon -o-kal. ) a. [ap,iovtKb<;.] HARMO NICK, har-nuV-ik. 508. $ Relating to musick ; susceptible of musical proportion to each other. Bacon. Concordant; musical. Bacon. HARMONICALLY* har-mdn'-e-kal-e. ad. Musi- call v. Burton. HARMONIOUS, har-m6'-ne-&s. a. Adapted to each other ; having the parts proportioned to each other. Locke. Musical ; svmphonious. Milton. HARMONIOUSLY, har-m6'-ne-6s-le. ad. With just adaptation and proportion of parts to each "other. Pope. Musically ; with concord of sounds. Stilt in? fleet. HARflJONIOUSNESS, har-m6'-iie-tis-nes. n. s. Pro]X»rtion ; musicainess. HA llMOMST*. har'-mi-nlst. n.s. One who under- stands the concord of sounds ; one who delights in musick. Young. One who brings together corre- sponding passages on a subject; a harmonizer. Nelson. To HA'RMONIZE, har'-m6-nize. r. a. To adjust in fit propor'ions. Dryden. To HARMONIZE*, har / -m6-nlze. v.n. To agree ; to correspond. Light fool. HA RMONIZER*, har'-mo-ni-zur. n.s. One who brings together corresponding passages on any subject. Cleaver. HA'RMONY§; har'-mo-ne. n.s. [appovla.] The just adaptation of one part to another.' Just proportion of sound ; musical concord. Milton. Concord ; corresponding sentiment. Milton. HA'RNESS§, har'-nfis. n.s. \liarnois, FrJArmour; defensive furniture of war. Spenser. The traces cf draught horses, particularly of carriages of pleas- ure or state. Shakspeare. To HA'RNESS, har'-nes. v. a. To dress in armour. Shak. To defend ; to protect. 1 Mace. iv. To fix horses in their traces. Speiiser. HA'RNESSER*, har'-nes-nr. n. s. One who fixes horses in their traces. Sherwood. HARP§, harp. n.s. [heapp, Sax.] A lyre; an instru- ment strung with wire, and commonly struck with the finger. "Spenser. A constellation. Creech. To HARP, harp. v. a. To plav on the harp. Rev. xiv. To touch any passion. Sliakspeai'e. To HARP*, harp. v. n. To play upon the harp. 1 Cor. xiv. To touch; to affect; to move. Shak- speare. HARPER, har'-pur. 98. n. s. A player on the harp. Shakspeare. HA'RPING Iron, har'-plng-l'-orn. n.s. [Iw.rpago, Lat.l A bearded dart, with a line fastened to the handle, with which whales are struck and caught. W.Aler. HA'RPINGS*, har'-pmgz. n.s. pi. [In naval lan- guage.] The breadth of a ship at the bow. HARPIST*, har'-pist. n. s. A player on the harp. Brown. HARPONE'ER, har-poo-neer / . n. s. [liarponeur, Fr.] He that throws the harpoon in whalefishing. HARPOON $, har-poon'. n. s. [Iwrpon, Span.] A harping iron. Dryden. HARPOOXER* See Harponeer. HA'RPSICHORD, harp'-se-kord. n. s. [luxrpechorde, old Fr. formerly written harpsicon.~\ A musical in- strument, strung with wires, and played by striking keys. Toiler. HA'RPY, har'-pe. n.s. [harpyia, Lat.] The har- pies were a kind of birds which had the faces of women, and foul, long claws, very filthy creatures. Raleigh. A ravenous wretch ; an extortioner. Shakspeare. HA'RQUEBUSS§, har'-kwe-bus. n.s. [See Ar- quebcse.] A hand gun. Sliefton. HA'RQUEBUSSIER, har-kwe-bfis-seer'. 275. n. s. One armed with a harquebuss. Knolles. HARR*, tar. n.s. A storm proceeding from the sea. See Eagre. Coles. HARRATE'EN* har-ra-teen'. n.s. A kind of sunt or cloth. Shenstone. HAKUIDAN, har'-re-dan. n.s. [corrupted from haridi'tle, Fr. a worn-out, worthless horse.] A de- cayed strumpet. Swift. HARRIER*. See Harier. HA'RRICO*. See Haricot. HA KROW §, har'-ro. n. s. [charroue, Fr.] A frame of timbers crossing each other, and set with teeth, drawn over sowed ground to throw the earth over the seed. Mortimer. To HA'RROW, lmr'-r6. v. a. To cover with earth by the harrow. Tusser. To break with the har- row. Job, xxxix. To tear up ; to rip up. Shak. To pillage ; to strip; to lay waste. Bacon. To invade; to harass with incursions, [hep^ian, Sax.] Spen- ser. To disturb; to put into commotion. Shak- speare. HA'RROW, har'-r6. inter}, [harau, old Fr.] An ex- clamation of sudden distress. Spenser. HA'RROWER, har / -r6-fir. n. s. He who harrows. Blount. A kind of hawk. Aiusworth. To HA'RRY,. har'-re. t>. a. [harrier, Fr.] To tease 5 to hare ; to ruffle. Shak. In Scotland it signifies to rob, plunder. To HA'RRY*, har'-re. v. n. To make harassing in- cursion. Beaumont and Fletcher. HARSH §, harsh, a. [harsch, Dutch.] Austere ; rough- ly sour. Den-ham. Rough to the ear. Dryden. Crabbed ; morose ; peevish. Bacon. Rugged to the touch ; rough. Boyle. Unpleasing ; rigorous; Di-yde-n. HA'RSHLY, harsh'-le. ad. Sourly ; austerely to the palate. With violence. Milton. Severely; mo- rosely ; crabbedly. Addison. Unpleasant!}' to the ear. Shakspeare. HA'RSHNESS, harsh'-nes. n.s. Sourness; austere taste. Bacon. Roughness to the ear. Dnjden, Ruggedness to the touch. Bacon. Crabbedness j peevishness. Shakspeare. HART§, hart. n. s. [heopfc, Sax.] A he-deer ; the male of the hind. May. HA'RTROYAL, hart'-roe-a!. n, s. A plant. HA'RTSHORN, harts'-h6rn. n. s. A drug made of the horns of the deer. Hill. HA'RTSHORN, harls'-horn. n.s. An herb. Ains- worth. HA'RTSTONGUE. harts'-t&ng. n. s. A plant. Miller. HA'RTWORT, hart'-w&rt. n.s. An umbelliferous plant. Miller. HA'RUMSCARUM*, ha-rfim-ska'-rum. a. A low expression, applied to flighty persons; persons al- ways in a hurry. HA'RVEST $, harvest, n. s. [hsepperfc, Sax.] The season of reaping and gathering the corn. Shak. The corn ripened, gathered, and inned. Dryden. The product of labour. Di-yden. HARVEST-HOME, har'-vest-hime. n.s. The song which the reapers sing at the feast made for having inned the harvest. Dnjden. The time of gather- ing harvest. Dryden. The opportunity of gather- ing treasure. Shakspeare. HARVEST-LORD, har'-vgst-ldrd. n.s. The head reaper at the harvest. Tusser. HARVEST-QUEEN*, har'-vest-kween. n.s. An image apparelled in great finery, carried in the morning of the conclusive reaping-day, as a repre- sentative of Ceres. Hutchinson. To HA'RVEST*, har'-vest. v. a. To gather in. Sherwood. HA'RVESTER, har / -v to be in a hurry. Jer. To move with swiftness. Shakspeare. To HASTE, haste. ) 472. v. a. To push forward ; To HA'STEN, ha/-sn. ) to urge on ; to precipitate; to drive a swifter pace. Sliakspeare. HA'STENER, ha'-sn-ftr. 98. n.s. One that hastens or hurries. Sherwood. One that precipitates, or urges on. Hammond. HA'STILY, has'-te-le. ad. In a hurry; speedily; nimbly; quickly. Spenser. Rashly; precipitately. 8'i-itt. Passionately ; with vehemence. HAJTINESS, hajs'-te-nes. n. s. Haste; speed. II any ; precipitation ; Sidney. Rash eagerness. Dryden. Angry test iness; passionate vehemence. HA'STINGS, has'-tingz. n. s. Peas that come early MoHimer. Any early fruit. Cotgrave. HA'STY, has'-te. a. (hastif, Fr.]"Quick ; speedy. Shak. Passionate ; vehement. Prov. xiv. Rash ; precipitate. Prov. xxix. Earl}'; ripe. Isaiah, xxviii. HASTY-PUDDING, has'-te-pud'-ing. n. s. A pud- ding made of milk and flour, boiled quick to- gether. Dorset. HAT?, hat. 74. n.s. [hsefc, Sax.] A cover for the head. Shakspeare. HA'TBAND, hat'-band. 88. n. s. A string tied round the hat. Bacon. HATBOX*, hat'-b6ks. n.s. The modem word for hMcase. HA'TCASE, hat'-kase. n. s. A slight box for a hat. Addison. To HATCH §, hatsh. v. a. [hecken, Germ.] To pro- duce young from eggs. Milton. To quicken the egg by incubation. Kay. To produce by prece- dent, action. Hooker. To form by meditation ; to contrive. Hay-ward, [liacher, Fr.] To shade by Jines in drawing- or graving. Dryden. To steep. Beaumont and Fletcher. To HATCH, hatsh. v.n. To be in the state of grow- ing quick. Boyle. To be in a state of advance to- wards effect. Beaumont and Fletclier. HATCH, hatsh. n. s. A brood excluded from the ax.j a Dirct ol prey, used much anciently in sport to catch other birds. Shak. [hoch, Welsh.] An effort to force phlegm up the throat. To HAWK. hawk. v.n. To fly hawks at fowls; to catch birds by means of a hawk. Locke. To fly at ; to attack on the wing. Shak. [hochio, Welsh.] To force up phlegm with a noise. Harvey. To HAWK*, hawk. v. a. [hocker, Germ.] To sell by proclaiming it in the streets. Swift. HAWK-EYED*, hawk'-lde. a. Having a keen eye, like that of the hawk. HAWK-NOSED*, hawk'-nozd. a. Having an aqui line nose. Ferrand. HA'WKED. fa£V-kM 366. a. Formed like a hawk's bill, h-own. HAWKER, haw'-kfir. 98. n.s. A falconer, [hape- cepe, Sax.] Harmar. One who sells his wares by proclaiming them in the street, [hocker, Germ.] Swift. HA'WKING*, hawk'-mg. n.s. The diversion of flying hawks. Locke. HA'WKWEED, hawk'-weed. n.s. A plant. Miller. HA'WSER*. See Halser. HA'WSES, haw'-s?z. 99. n.s. Two round holea un- der a ship's head or beak, through which the ca- bles pass. Han-is. HA'WTHORN, haw'-*/i6rn. n. s. [hee^-Sopn, Sax.] A species of medlar ; the thorn that bears haws. Miller. HA'WTHORN FLY, haw'-tfiorn-fll. n.s. An insect. Walton. HAY §, ha. n. s. [hie^, hi£, Sax.] Grass dried to fodder cattle in winter. Camden. — To dance the hay. To dance in a ring. Davies. HAY, ha. n. s. [hseg, Sax.] A hedge. Chaucer. A net which encloses the haur.t of an animal. Har- mar. To HAY*, ha. v. n. To lay snares for rabbits. Hu- loet. HA'YCOCK*, ha'-k6k. n.s. A heap of fresh hay. HA'YLOFT*, ha'-loft. n. s. A loft to put hay in. Gxy. HA'YMAKER, ha'-ma-kur. n. s. One employed in drying grass for hay. Pope. HA'YJVIARKET*, ha'-mar-ket. n. s. A place ap- propriated to ihe sale of hay. HA'YMOW*, ha'-moii. n. s. A mow of hay. HA'YRICK* ha'-rlk. n. s. A rick of hay. HA'YSTACK* ha'-stak. n. s. A slack of hay. HA'YSTALK*, ha'-stawk. n. s. A stalk of hay. HA'YTHORN*, ha'-^6rn. n. s. Hawthorn. Scott. HA'YWARD*, ha'-ward. n.s. A keeper of the com- mon herd of cattle of a town or village ; who takes care that they neither crop nor break the hedges of enclosed grounds. Sherwood. HA'ZARD §, haz'-urd. 88. n. s. [hasard, Fr.] Chance 5 accident ; fortuitous hap. Shak. Danger; chance of danger. Hooker. A game at dice. Chaucer. To HA'ZARD, haz'-urd. v. a. To expose to chance. Hooker. To HA'ZARD, haz'-urd. v. n. To try the chance. Shakspeare. To adventure. Waller. HA'ZARDABLE, haz'-ur-da-bl. a. Venturous ; lia- ble to chance. Brown. HA'ZARDER, hdz'-ur-dar. n.s. He who hazards. A gamester. Chaucer. HA'ZARDRY, haz'-fir-dre. n.s. Temerity ; precipi- tation. Spenser. Gaming in general. Chaucer. HAZARDOUS, haz'-ur-dfis. a. Dangerous; expos- ed to chance. Dryden. HAZARDOUSLY, haz'-ar-d&s-le. ad. With danger or chance. Sherwood. HAZE $, haze. n. s. Fog; mist. Burke. To HAZE, haze. v. n. To be foggy or misty. Ray. To HAZE, haze. v. a. To fright one. Ainswnrih. HA'ZEL§, ha'-z'l. 102. n.s. [haerel, Sax.] Nut tree Miller. 465 HEA HEA lET 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat ;— me, met;— pine, pin ;— HA'ZEL, ha'-z'l. a. Light brown 5 of the colour of hazel. Mortimer. HA/ZELLY, ha'-z'l-e. a. Of the colour of hazel ; a light brown. Mortimer. HA'ZY, ha'-ze. a. Dark ; foggy; misty. Bwtiet. HE §,hee. pronoun, gen. him ; plur. they ; gen. /Am. [he, Sax.] The man that was named before. Shak. The man ; the person. Daniel. Man or male being. Shak. Male : as, a he bear, a he goat. Bacon. HEAD$, hed. 234. w.s. [l;eaj:ob,heat:b, Sax.] The part of the animal that contains the brain or the or- gan of sensation or thought. Spenser. Person, as exposed to any danger or penalty. Shak. — Head and ears. The whole person. Beaumont and Fl. — Denomination of any animals. Addison. Chief; principal person ; one to whom the rest are subor- dinate. Bacon. Place of honour ; the first place. Addison. Place of command. Addison. Counte- nance ; presence. Dryden. Understanding ; facul- ties of the mind. Locke. Face ; front ; fore part. Dryden. Resistance ; hostile opposition. Spenser. Spontaneous resolution. Davies. State of a deer's horns, by which his age is known. Shak. Individ- ual. Graunt. The top of any thing bigger than the rest. 1 Sam. The fore part of any thing, as of a ship. Raleigh. That which rises on the top. Mortimer. The blade of an axe. Deut. xix. Up- per part of a bed. Gen. xlvii. The brain. Pope. Dress of the head. Swift, Principal topick of dis- course. Burnet. Source of a stream. Raleigh. Crisis ; pitch. Addison. Power ; influence ; force ; strength. Milton. Body ; conflux. Bacon. Pow- er; armed force. Sliak. Liberty in running a horse. Sliak. License; freedom from restraint. South. It is very improperly applied to roots. Gay. — Head and shoulders. By force ; violently. Felton. HEAD, hed. a. Chief; principal. Clarendon. To HEAD, hed. v. a. To lead 5 to influence ; to di- rect ; to govern. Dryden. To behead ; to kill by taking away the head. Shak. To fit any thing with a head, or principal part. Spenser. To lop trees. Mortimer. HE'ADACHE,hecl / -ake.355. n.s. Pain in the head. Locke. HE'ADBAND, hed'-band. n. s. A fillet for the head ; a topknot. Isaiah. The band at each end of a book. HE'ADBOROUGH, he^-bur-ri. n.s. [liead and borough.'] A constable; a subordinate constable. Camden. HEADDRESS, h^d'-dres. n. s. The covering of a woman's head. Addison-. Any thing resembling a headdress, and prominent on the head. Addi- son. HEADED*, hgd'-gd. a. Having a head or top. Shak. Much used in composition ; as, clear-headed, long- headed. &lc. Dryden. HEADER, hed'-dur. 98. n. s. One that heads nails or pins, &c. One who heads a mob or party. The first brick in the angle. Moxon. HEADGARGLE, hgd'-gar-gl. n. s. [head and gar- gle.] A disease in cattle. Mortimer. HEADGEAR*, hed'-geer. n.s. [head and gear.] The dress of a woman's head. Burton. HEADINESS, hSd'-de-nfs. n. s. Hurry; rashness ; stubbornness ; precipitation. Spenser. HEADLAND. hSd'-land. n.s. Promontory; cape. Dryden. Ground under hedges. Tusser. HEADLESS, hSd'-les. a. Without a head ; be- headed. Spenser. Without a chief. Raleigh. Without foundation. Bacon. Obstinate ; inconsid- erate ; ignorant ; wanting intellects. Spenser. HEADLONG, hed'-l&ng. a. Steep; precipitous. Milton. Rash ; thoughtless. Sudden ; precipitate. Sidney. HEADLONG, hed'-long. ad. With the head fore- most. Shak. Rashly ; without thought ; precipi- tately. South. Hastily; without delay or respite. Dryden. HE' ADMAN*, hSd'-man. n. s. [heapobman, Sax.] A chief. Huloet. HEADMONEY*, hed'-mSn-ne. n. s. A capitation tax. Milton. HEADMOULD-SHOT^ed'-mild-shot. n. s. [head, mould, and shot.] This is when the sutures of the skull, generally the coronal, have their edges shot over one another. Quincy. HEADPAN*, hecl'-pan. n. s. The brain pan. HEADPENCE*, hed'-pense. n.s. A kind of poll-tax formerly collected in the county of Northumber- land. HEADPIECE, hed'-peese. n.s. Armour for the head; helmet; morion. Sidney. Understanding; force of mind. Shakspeare. HEADQUA'RTERS, hed-kwarMurz. n.s. The place of general rendezvous, or lodgement for sol- diers. Collier. HEADSHA'KE*, hed'-shake. n.s. A significant shake of the head. Shakspeare. HEADSHIP, hed'-shlp. n.s. Dignity; authority; chief place. Hales. HEADSMAN, hgdz'-man. 88. n.s. Executioner; one that cuts off heads. Dryden. HEADSPRING*, hed'-sprlng. n. s. Fountain ; ori- gin. Siapleton. HEADSTALL, hed'-stall. 406. n. s. Part of the bri- dle that covers the head. Shakspeare. HEADSTONE, hgd'-stone. n.s. The first or capital stone. Psalm cxviii. A grave-stone. HEADSTRONG, he^-strfing. a. Unrestrained; violent ; ungovernable. Hooker. HEADSTRONGNESS*, hgd'-strdng-nes. n.s. Ob- stinacy. Gaijton. HEADTIRE*, h&i'-tire. n. s. Attire for the head. 1 Esdr. iii. HEADWAY*, hed'-wa. n. s. [In naval language.] The motion of advancing at sea. HEADWO'RKMAN, hed-wfirk'-man.n.s. The fore- man. Swift. HEADY, he'd'-de. a. Rash ; precipitate ; hasty ; vi- olent. Shakspeare. Apt to affect the head. Boyle. Violent ; impetuous. Shaks]ieare. To HEALS, hele. 227. v. a. [hselan, Sax.] To cure a person ; to restore from hurt or sickness. Jer.xxx. To restore any thing from an unsound to a sound state. 2 Kings, ii. To cure a wound or distemper. Wiseman. To perform the act of making a sore to cicatrize. Wiseman. To reconcile : as, He heal- ed all dissensions. To HEAL, hele. v. n. To grow well. Sharp. To HEAL*, hele. v. a. To cover. See To Hele. HE ALABLE*, heMa-bl. a. Capable of being healed. Sherwood. HEALER, hele'-ur. n.s. One who cures or heals. Isaiah. HEALING, hele'-mg. part. a. Mild ; mollifying ; gentle ; assuasive. Milton. ^ ALING*, hele'-fng. n. s. The act or power of curing. Malachi, iv. The act of covering. See Heling. HEALTHS, hfath. 234. n.s. [hseel, hel, Sax.] Free- dom from bodily pain or sickness. Quincy. Wel- fare of mind ; purity ; goodness. Common Prayer. Salvation, spiritual and temporal. Psalms. Wish of happiness used in drinking. Shakspeare. HEALTHFUL, heW-ful. a. Free from sickness. South. Well disposed. Shak. Wholesome; sa- lubrious. Bacon. Salutary ; productive of salva- tion. Common Prayer. HEALTHFULLY, heW-ful-e. ad. In health. Sir M. Sandys. HEALTHFULNESS, heW-ffil-nes. n.s. State of being well. Patrick. Wholesomeness ; salubrious Suahties. King Charles. ALTHILY, heltfi'-e-le. ad. Without sickness or pain. Sherwood. HEALTHINESS, hgW-e-nes. n. s. The state of health. HEALTHLESS, heW-les. a. Weak ; sickly ; in- firm. Mirror for Magistrates. Not conducive to health. Bp. Taylor. HEALTHSOME, hek/i'-s&m. a. Wholesome ■ salu- tary. Shakspeare. 456 HEA HEA — n6, move, ndr, n6t •,— tube, tub, bull -,—611 ;— pfiund ;— tli'm, Tui HE ALTHY, heW»'-e. a. Enjoying health ; free from sickness ; hale ; sound. Soutli. Conducive to health ; wholesome. Locke. HE AM, heem. «. s. In bea9ts, the same as the after- birth in women. HEAP§,h*pe.227. 71.5. [heap, Sax.] Many single things thrown together ; a pile ; an accumulation. Shale. A crowd ; a throng ; a rabble. Bacon. Cluster; number driven together. Dry den. To HEAP, hepe. v. a. To throw on heaps ; a pile ; j to throw together. Ezek. xxiv. To accumulate ; to lay up. Job, xxvii. To add to something else. Shakspeare. HE'APER, he'-pftr. 98. n. s. One that makes piles or heaps. Shencood. HE APIA'*, hepe'-le. ad. In heaps. Hvloct. Ob. T. ill'.APV. he'-pe. a. Lying in heaps. Rowe. To HEAR $, here. 227. t>. n. [henan, Sax.] Toenjoy the sense by which sounds are distinguished. Hol- der. Tu listen; to hearken to. Mition. To Sax.] AJ temporary monument set over a grave. Weerer. The place, or the case, in which a dead corse is de- posited. Fairfax. A carriage, in which the dead are conveyed to the grave. Roscommon. To HEARSE*, herse. v. a. To enclose in a hearse, or coffin. Shaks^vare. HE'ARSECLOTH*, nerse'-kl&tfi. n. s. A covering thrown over the hearse ; a pall. Sanderson. HE ARSELIKE,. herse'-Uke. a. Mournful ; suitable to a funeral. Bacon. HEART*, hart. 243. n. s. [heonfc, Sax.] The mus- cle which, by its contraction and dilation, propels the blood through the course of circulation, and is tnerefore considered as the source of vital motion. Smith. It is supposed in popular language to be tne seat of courage, affection, honesty, baseness, 58 &lc. Sidney. The chief part ; the vital part. Ba- con. The inner part of any thing. Abbot. Person; character. Shak. Courage ; spirit. Sidneij. Seat of love. Pope. Affection; inclination. 2 Sam. xiv. Memory. Raleigh. Good-will ; ardour of zeal. Hooker. Passions; anxiety; concern. Shak. Se- cret thoughts ; recesses ot the mind. 2 Sam. vi. Disposition of mind. Sidney. A luxrd heart is cru- elty. Shak. — To find in the heart. To be not whol- ly averse. Sidneij. Secret meaning ; hidden in- tention. Shak. Conscience; sense of good or ill. Hooker. Strength ; power. Bacon. Utmost de- gree. Shak. Life. Shak. It is much used in com- position for mind, or affection. HEART-ACHE, hart'-ake. 355. n. s. Sorrow ; pang. Shakspeare. HEART-APPALLING*, hart'-ap-pall'-ing. a. Dis- maving the heart. Thomson. HEART-BLOOD*, hart' -blud. n.s. The blood of the heart ; life. Sliakspeare. Essence. Shakspeare. HEART-BREAK, harV-brake. n. s. Overpowering- sorrow. Shakspeare. HEART-BREAKER, hart'-bra-kfir. n.s. A cant name for a woman's curls, or rather for the love- locks of the other sex. Hudibras. HEART-BREAKING, harl'-bra-klng. a. Overpow- ering with sorrow. Spenser. „ HEART-BREAKING. hart'-bra-klng. n. s. Over- powering grief. Hakewill. HEART-BRED*, hart'-bred. a. Bred in the heart. Crasliaw. HEART-BROKEN*, hart'-br6-kn. a. Having the heart overpowered with grief. HEART-BURIED*, hart'-ber-rld. a. Deeply im- mersed. Young. HEART-BURN*, hart'-born. n. s. Pain proceeding from an acrid humour in the stomach. HEART-BURNED, hart'-b&rn'd. a. Having the heart inflamed. Shakspeare. HEART-BURNING, hart'-bur-nlng. n. s. Pain at the stomach, from an acrid humour. Woodicard. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift. HEART-BURNING*, hart'-burn-mg. a. Causing discontent. Middleton. HEART-CHILLED*, hart'-tshild. a. Having the heart chilled. Shenslove. HEART-CONSUMING*, hart'-kon-su'-mmg. a. Destroying the peace of the heart. Edwards. HEART-CORRODING*, hart'-k&r-ro'-dkg. a. Preving on the heart. HEART-DEAR, hart'-dere. a. Sincerely beloved. Shaks-fieare. HEART-DEEP*, hart'-deep. a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. HE ART-DISCOURA GING* hart'-dls-kur'-ldje- ?ng. a. Depressing the heart. Scndh. HEART-EASE, hart'-eze. n.s. Quiet; tranquillity. Shakspeare. HEART-EASING, hart'-ez-mg. a. Giving quiet MVdon. HEART^EATING* hart'-eet-ing. a. Preying on the heart. Burton. HEART-EXPANDING*, hart'-eks-pand'-Ing. a. Opening the feelings of the heart. Thomson. HEART-FELT, harV-felt. a. Felt in the conscience. Pope. HEART-GRIEF*, hart'-greef. n. s. Affliction of the heart. Milton. HEART-HARDENED*, hart'-har-dn'd. a. Obdu- rate •, impenitent. Hannar. HEART-HARDENING*,hart / -har-dn-mg, a. Ren- dering stern or obdurate. Shakspeare. HEART-HEAVINESS*, hart'-hev-e-nds. n. «. Heaviness of heart. Shakspeare. HEART-OFFENDING*, hart'-6f-fend'-ing. a. Wounding the heart Shakspeare. HEART -PEAS, hart' peze. n.s. A plant. Miller. HEART-QUELLING, hart'-kwel-ling. a. Con- quering the affections. Spenser. HEART-RENDING, hart'-rend-ing. a. Killed with anguish. Waller. HEART-ROBBING, hart / -r6b-b!ng. a. Ecstatick , 457 HEA HEA O 3 559. — Fate, far, fall, fat ; — me, met 5 — pine, pin ;— depriving of thought. Spenser. Stealing the heart, or affections* Spenser. HEART-SICK, h&rt'-slk. a. [heojifc-reoc, Sax.] Pained in mind. Bp. Taylor. Mortally ill 5 hurt in the heart. Shakspeare. HEARTS-EASE, harts'-eze. n. s. A plant. Morti- mer. A toy, or ornament, formerly so called. HEART-SORE, hart'-sore. n. s. That which pains the mind. Spenser. HEART-SORE*, hart'-s6re. a. Violent with pain at heart. Shakspeare. HEART-SORROWING*, hart'-s6r-r6-ing. a. Sor rowing at heart. Sliakspeare. HEART-STRINGS, hart'-strings. n. s. The ten- dons, or nerves, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Spenser. HEART-STRUCK, hart'-struk. a. Driven to the heart j infixed for ever in the mind. Sliak. Shock- ed with fear or dismay. Milton. HEART-SWELLING, hart'-swel-ling. a. Rankling in the mind. Spenser. HEART-SWELLING* hart'- sw& -ling. n. s. Ran- cour; swelling passion. Quaries. HEART-WHOLE, hart'-h6le. 397. a. With the af- fections yet unfixed. Shak. With the vitals yet unimpaired. HEART- WOUNDED, hart'-wd5n-ded. a. Filled with passion of love or grief. Pope. HE ART- WOUNDING, hart'-woSn-dmg. a. Filling with grief. Rowe. To HEART*, hart. v. a. [hypfcan, Sax.] To en- courage ; to hearten. Bp. Prideaux. To HEART-STRIKE*, hart'-strlke. v. a. To af- fect at heart. B. Jonson. HE'ARTED, hart'-ed. a. Sealed or fixed in the heart. S'mk. Laid up in the heart. Shakspeare. To HEARTEN ^ har'-t'n. 243. v. a. [hiejifcan, Sax.] To encourage; to animate; to stir up. Sid- ney. To meliorate or renovate with manure. May. HE'ARTENER*, hart'-ln-ur. n. s. That which ani- mates or stirs up. Brown. HEARTH 6, hhcth. 243. n.s. [heoji'8, Sax.] The pavement of a room on which a fire is made. Shak. §5= Till I had inspected the dictionaries, I could not conceive that there were two pronunciations of this word ; but now I find, that Mr. Elphinston, W. John- ston, and Buchanan, sound the diphthong as in earth and dearth : while Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrlck, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Barclay, give it as I have done. TV. HEARTH-MONEY*, hart/i-mun-ne. ; HEARTH-PENNY*, hartt'-pen-ne. 5 upon hearths, also called chimney -money. Blackstone. HE'ARTILY, har'-te-le. ad. From the heart ; fully. Prior. Sincerely; actively ; diligent)}". Atterbury. Eagerly ; with desire. Addison. HEARTINESS, har'-te-nes. n.s. Sincerity; free- dom from hypocrisy. Shak. Vigour; eagerness. Bp. Taylor. HEARTLESS, harl'-les. a. Without courage ; spir- itless. Spenser. HEARTLESSLY, hart'-les-le. ad. Without cour- age ; faintly ; timidly. HE 7 ARTLESSNESS, hartMes-nes. n. s. Want of courage, or spirit; dejection of mind. Bp. Hall. HE'ARTY, har'-te. 243. a. Sincere ; undissembled ; warm; zealous. Proverbs, xxvii. In full health. Vigorous; strong. Pope. Strong; hard; durable. Wotton. HEARTY-HALE, har'-te-hale. a. Good for the heart. Spenser. HEAST*. See Hest. HEAT §, hete. 227. n.s. [heafc, hsete, Sax.] The sen- sation caused by the approach or touch of fire. Locke. The cause of the sensation of burning. Hooker. Hot weather. Bacon. State of any body under the action of fire. Moxon. Fermenta- tion ; effervescence. One violent action uninter- mitted. The state of being once hot. Dryden. A course at a race. Dryden. Pimples in the face ; flusn. Addison. Agitation of sudden or violent passion ; vehemence of action. Sidney. Faction : A tax contest ; party rage. Shak. Ardour of thought or elocution. Addison. HEAT*, hel. part. a. Heated. Browne. To HEAT, he'-e. v. a. To make hot ; to endue witn the power of burning. Dan. iii. To cause to fer- ment. Moiiimer. To make the constitution fever- ish. Shak. To warm with vehemence of passion or desire. Dryden. To agitate the blood and spir its with action. Dryden. HE'ATER, he'-tftr. 98. n. s. An iron made hot, and put into a box-iron, to smooth linen. HEATH$, hetfi. 227. n. s. [haithjo, Goth.] A shrub of low stature. Miller. A place overgrown with heath. Temple. A place covered with shrubs of whatever kind. Bacon. HEATH-COCK, hkh'-kbk. n. s. A large fowl that frequents heaths. Carew. HEATH-PEAS, h&/i'-peze. n.s. A species of bitter vetch. HEATH-POUT, hfc/i'-pS&t. n. s. A bird. Dryden. HEATH-ROSE, hkh'-rbze. n. s. A plant. Ains- worth. HEATHENS, he'-TH J n. 227. n.s. [Wvr, : Jmithn, Goth.] The gentiles; the pagans; the nations unac- quainted with the covenant of grace. 1 Chron. xvi. HEATHEN, he'-TH ; n. 103. a. Gentile; pagan. Ad- dison. HE'ATHENISH, he'-TH'n-ish. a. Belonging to the gentiles. Hooker. Wild ; savage ; rapacious ; cru- el. Spenser. HE'ATHENISHLY, he'-TH'n-ish-le. ad. After the manner of heathens. HE'ATHENISHNESS* he'-TH'n-ish-nes. n. s. A profane state, like that of the heathens. Prynne. HEATHENISM, he'-THn-izm. n. s. Gentilism ; pa- ganism. Hammond. To HE'ATHENIZE*, he'-TH'"n-lze. v. a. To render heathenish. Firmin. HE'ATHER* heth'-hr. n. s. Heath. HEATHY, hkh'-k a. Full of heath. Mortimer. HE'ATLESS*, hete'-les. a. Cold ; without warmth Beaumont and Fletcher. To HEAVES, heve. 227. v. a. pret. heaved, anciently hove; part, heaved, or hoven. [heapan, Sax.] To lift; to raise from the ground. Milton. To carry. Shak. To raise ; to lift. gpenserO. To cause to swell. Dryden. To force up from tha&reast. Shak. To exalt; to elevate. Shak. To'"piJEff; to elate. Hayward. To HEAVE, heve. v.n. To pant; to breathe with pain. Dryden. To labour. Atterbury. To rise with pain ; to swell and fall. Dryden. To keck ; to feel a tendency to vomit. HEAVE, heve. n. s. Lift ; exertion or effort upwards. Dryden. Rising of the breast. Sliak. Effort to vomit. Struggle to rise. Hudibras. HEAVE Offering, n.s. An offering among the Jews. Numbers. HEAVENS, hev'-v'n. 103, 234. n.s. [heopon, Sax.] The regions above ; the expanse of the sky. Shak. The habitation of God, good angels, and pure souls departed. Milton.. The Supreme Power ; the Sove- reign of heaven. Temple. The pagan gods ; the celestials. Shak. Elevation ; sublimity. Shak. It is often used in composition. HEAVEN- A SPIRING*, heV-v'n-as-plre'-ing. a. Desiring to enter heaven. Akenside. HEAVEN-BANISHED*, hv heaven. Milton. HEAVEN-INSPIRED* hev'-v'n-in-splr'd'. a. Re- ceiving inspiration from heaven. Decker. HEAVEN-INSTRUCTED* hev'-v'n-ln-strakt'-ed. a. Taught by heaven. Crashaw. HEAVEN-KISSING* hev'-v'n-k?s'-sing. a. Touch in", as it were, the sky. Shakspeare. To HE'AVENIZE*, hev'-v'n-Jze. v. a. To render like heaven. Bp. Hall. HEAVENLINESS*, hev'-v 7 n-le-nes. n. s. Supreme excellence. Sir J. Davies. HEAVEN-LOVED*, heV-v'n-lfiv'd. a. Beloved of heaven. Milton. HE AVENLY. hev'-v'n-le. a. Resembling- heaven 3 supremely excellent. Sidney. Celestial ; inhabit- ing - heaven. Dry den. HE AVENLY, heV-v'n-le. ad. In a manner resem- bling that of heaven. Pope. By the agency or in- fluence of heaven. Milton. HEAVENLY-MINDEDNESS*, hev'-v'n-le-mlnd'- ed-nes. n. s. A state of mind abstracted from the world, and directed to heaven. Hammond. HEAVEN-SALUTING*, hev'-vn-sa-lule'-mg. a. Touching the sky. Crashaw. HE'AVENWARD, hev'-v'n-ward. ad; [heaven and peanb, Sax.] Towards 'heaven. Prior. HEAVEN-WARRING*, hev'-vn-war'-rfng. a. Warring; ag-ainst heaven. Milton.. HE' AVER*, he'-vur. n, s. One who lifts any thing ; as, a coal-heaver. A name given by seamen to a wooden staff, employed as a lever. HE'AVILY, hev'-e-fe. ad. [hepeliee, Sax.] With great ponderousness. Exodus, xiv. Grievously 5 affliclively. Isaiah, xlvii. Sorrowfully ; with grief. Psalm xxxv. With an air of dejection. Shakspeare. HE'AVINESS, heV-ve-ne*s. n. s. Ponderousness ; the quality of being heavy ; weight. Wilkins. De- jection of mind; depression of spirit. Hooker. In- aptitude to motion or thought. Shak. Oppression ; crush; affliction. Deepness or richness of soil. Ar- bulhnot. HE'AVJNG*, he'-vlng. n. s. A pant ; a motion of the heart. Shalcspeare. A swell. Addison. HE'AVY§, hev'-ve. 234. a. [heapi£,Sax.] Weighty; ponderous; tending strongly to the centre. Wilkins. Sorrowful; dejected; depressed. St. Mark, xiv. Grievous; oppressive ; afflictive. 2 Mace. v. Want- ing alacrity ; wanting briskness of appearance. Prior. Wanting spirit or rapidity of sentiment ; unanimated. Swift. Wanting activity ; indolent ; lazy. Dryden. Drowsy; dull; torpid. St. Luke, ix. * Slow'; sluggish. Shak. Stupid ; foolish. Shak. Burthensome; troublesome; tedious. Locke. Load- ed; encumbered; burthened. Bacon. Not easily digested. ArtnithnoL Rich in soil; fertile; as, heavy lands. Deep; cumbersome; as, heavy roads. Thick ; cloudy ; dark. Shak. Thick ; with little in- termissibn ; as. a heavy storm. Requiring much labour; as, a heavy undertaking. HE'AVY, heV-ve. ad. As an adverb it is only used in composition ; heavily. Isaiah, xlvi. To HE'AVY*, hev'-ve. v. a. To make heavy. Wic- Hffe. Ob. T. HFVBDOMAD §, heb'-do-mad. n. s. [hebdomas, Lat.] A week ; a space of seven days. Brovm. HEBDO'MADAL, heb-dom'-a-dal.518. ) a. Weekly. HEBDO'MADARY, heb-dom'-a-dar-e. ] Brmvn. HEBDO'MADARY*, heb-dom'-a-dar-e. n. s. A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the cathedral. HEBDOxMA'TICAL* heVd6-mat'-e-kal. a. Week- ly. Bp. Morton. Htf'BEN*, heb'-ben. n. s. [ebene, Fr.] Ebony. Spar- ser. To HE'BETATE $, heb'-e-tate. v. a. [Jiebeto, Lat.] To dull ; to blunt ; to stupify. Harvey. HEBETA'TION, heb-e-ta'-shun. n. s. The act of dul- ling. The state of being dulled. HE'BETE* heb'-ete. a. Dull; stupid. Ellis. HE'BETUDE, heV-e-tude. n. s. [liebetudo, Lat.] Dulness ; obtuseness ; bluntness. Harvey. HE'BRAISM, heb'-nUsm. 335. n. s. [hebr Lat.] A Hebrew idiom. Addison. 1 1 1! BR AIBT; heb'-ra-Tst. 503. n. s, [hebraus, Lat.] A man skilled in Hebrew. 95= I have differed from Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, in the quantity of the first syllublo of this and the preceding word, and think I am not only au- thorized by analogy, but the best usage. W. HE'BREW $*, he'-bru. n.s. ['EjWo?.] An Israelite; one of the children of Israel. Exodus, ii. A Jew converted to Christianity. Bp. Percy. The He brew tongue. St. John, xix. HE'BREW*, he'-bru. «. Relating to the people of the Jews. Judith, xii. HE'BREWESS*, he'-bru-gs. n.s. An Israelitish wo man. Jeremiah, xxxiv. HEBRI'CIAN, he-brlsh'-an. n.s. One skilful in He- brew. Raleigh. HEBRI'DIAN*,he-br?d'-e-an. a. [from the Hebrides, the Western Isles.] Respecting the Western Islands of Scotland. Johnson. HE'CATOMB, hgk'-a-t66m. n.s. [harder,.] A sac- rifice of a hundred cattle. Donne. HECK*, ho;k. n. s. A rack at which cattle are fed with hay. [haeck, Su. Goth.] Ray. The winding of a stream, [ecke, Germ.] A kind of net formerly used in rivers ; as, a salmon heck. Chambers. A hatch or latch of a door. Grose. HE'CKLE*. See Hackle. HECTICAL $,h&'-te-ka].> a. [hectique, Fr. from HE'CTICK $, hek'-tlk. 509. 5 . ifc] Habitual ; con- stitutional ; applied to that kind of fever which is slow, and continual, and ends in a consumption. Quinci/. Troubled with a morbid heat. Howell. HECTICALLY*, heV-te-kal-le. ad. Constitutional- ly. Johnson. HE'CTICK, hek'-tlk. n. s. A hectick fever. Shak. HECTOR §,hek'-rur. 418, 166. n.s. [from Hector, the great Homerkk warriour.] A bully; a bluster- ing, turbulent, pervicacious, noisv fellow. South. To HECTOR, hek'-t&r. v. a. To" threaten ; to treat with insolent terms. Dry den. To HECTOR, hek'-tur. v. n. To play the bully. Stilling fleet. HE'CTORLY*. hek'-tur-le. a. Blustering ; insolent. Barf cao. HEDERA'CEOUS, hed-er-a'-shus. a. [hedcraceus, Lat.] Producing ivy. Diet. HEDGE §, hSdje. n. s. [he^e, Sax.] A fence made round grounds with prickly bushes. Mortimer. HEDGE, prefixed to any word, notes something mean, vile, of the lowest class. Shakspeare. To HEDGE, hedje. v. a. [he^ian, Sax.] To enclose with a hedge. Bacon. To obstruct. Hos. ii. To encircle for defence. Sliak. To shut up within an enclosure. Locke. To force into a place already full; to thrust in with difficulty, as into a hedge. • Shakspeare. To HEDGE, hSdje. v. n. To shift; to hide the head. Shakspeare. HEDGE-BORN, h£dje'-b6rn. a. Of no known birth ; meanly born. Shakspeare. HEDGE-CREEPER, hedje'-kre-pur. n. s. One that skulks under hedges for bad purposes. HEDGE-FUMITORY, h^dje-fu'-me-tur-e. n. s. A plant. Ainsxvorth. HEDGE-HOG, hedje'-hog. n. s. An animal set with prickles, like thorns in a hedge. Ray. A term of reproach. Sluxlc. A plant : trefoil. Ainsworth. The globe-fish. Ainsworth. HEDGE-HYSSOP, hedje -hk'-zup. n. s. A species of willow-wort. Hill. HEDGE-MUSTARD, hedje-mus'-tard. n. s. A plant. HEDGE-NETTLE, hedje'-net-tl. n.s. A plant. Ains- worth. HEDGE-NOTE, h£dje'-n6te. n. s. A word of con- tempt for low writing. Dryden. HEDGE-PIG, h§dje'-p?g. n. s. A young hedge-hog. Shakspeare. HEDGE-ROW, hgdje'-r6. n. s. The trees or bushes planted for enclosures. Milton,. 459 HEI HEL \TT 559,— Fate, f ar, fall, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pin ;- HEDGE-SPARROW, h^dje-spar'-^. n. s. A spar- row that lives in bushes. Sliakspeare. HEDGING-BILL, heclje'-frig-bSl. n. s.» A cutting hook used in making' hedges. Sidney. HE'DGER, hgdje'-ur. n. s. One who makes hedges. Milton. To HEED §, heed. 246. v. a. [heban. Sax.] To mind 3 to regard 3 to take notice of 5 to attend. Locke. To HEED*, heed. v. n. To mind 3 to consider. War- ton. HEED, heed. n. s. Care ; attention. Milton. Caution 3 fearful attention; suspicious watch. Sliak. Care to avoid. Tillotson. Notice ; observation. Bacon. Seriousness ; staidness. Shak. Regard 3 respectful notice. L' Estrange. HE'EDFUL, heed'-ful. a. Watchful; cautious; sus- picious. Sliak. Attentive ; careful ; observing. Sliakspeare. HE EDFULLY, heed'-ful-e. ad. Attentively ; care- fully ; cautiously. Bp. Hall. HE'EDFULNESS, heed'-ful-nes. n. s. Caution 5 vigilance ; attention. HE'EDILY, heed'-e-le. ad. Cautiously; vigilantly. Diet. HE'EDINESS, heed'-e-n^s. n. s. Caution; vigilance. Spenser. HE'EDLESS, heed'-les. a. Negligent ; inattentive 3 careless ; thoughtless. Waller. HE'EDLESSLY, heed'-lds-le. ad. Carelessly ; neg- ligently 3 inattentively. Brown. HEEDLESSNESS, 'heed'-lgs-nes. n. s. Careless- ness ; thoughtlessness ; negligence 3 inattention. Locke. 1'IEEL $, heel. 246. n. s. [hele. Sax.] The part of the foot that protuberates behind. Wiseman. The whole foot of animals. Denluzm. The feet, as em- ployed in flight. L' Estrange. — To be at, Die. heels. To pursue closely ; to follow hard, Shak. To at- tend closely. Milton. To pursue as an enemy. Bacon. To follow close as a dependant. Sluxk. To lay by the heels. To fetter ; to shackle. Sliak. Any thing shaped like a heel. Mortimer. The back part of a stocking : whence the phrase, to be cut at heels, to be worn out. Shak. To have the heels of. To outrun.— A spur; as, The horse under- stands the heels well. To HEEL, heel. v.n. To dance. Sliak. To lean on one side ; as, The ship heels, [hylban, Sax.] To HEEL. heel. v. a. To arm a cock. HEELER, heel' -fir. n. s. A cock that strikes well with his heels. HEEL-PIECE, heel'-pese. n. s. A piece fixed on the hinder part of the shoe. To HEEL-PIECE, heel'-pese. v. a. To put a piece of leather on a shoe-heel. Arbuthnot. HEFT§, heft, n.s. [from heave.] Heaving ; effort. Shak. [For haft.} Handle. Waller. Weight ; i. e. the thing which is heaved. Hold. Windham. HE'FTED*, hefted, a. Heaved ; expressing agi- tation. Shakspeare. HEG*, heg. n.s. A fairy ; a witch. See Hag. HEGEMO'NICAL*, h^dje-mon'-e-kal. ) a. [$ y£ - HEGEMO'NICK*, h&je-m&n'-lk. $ h oviKo S .] Ruling; predominant. Folherby. IIE'GIRA, he-jl'-ra,or hecl'-je-ra. n. s. [Arabick.] A term in chronology, signifying the epocha, or ac- count of time, used by the Arabians, who begin from the day that Mahomet was forced to make nis escape from Mecca, July 16, A. D. 622. Harris. $gj* The latter pronunciation is adopted by Dr. John- son, Barclay, and Bailey ; and the former by Mr. Sheri- dan, Dr. Ash, Mr Scott, and Mr. Perry. The latter, I am informed, is the* pronunciation of Oriental scholars; though the former is not only more agreeable to the ear, but seems to fall in with those Arabick-Spanish names, Ramirez, Almira, &c, as well as the Grecian, Tauchi- ra, Thyatira, Dejanira, &c. W. HE'IFER, hef -fur. 98, 254. n. s. [heapope, Sax.] A young cow. Bacon. HEIGH-HO, hl'-h6 inter}. An expression of slight languor and uneasiness. Shak. A voice of exulta- tion Dryden HEIGHT §, hlte, or hate. 253. n. s. [he»e, Sax.] Elevation above the ground : indefinite. Milton Altitude 3 space measured upwards. Donne. De- gree of latitude. Abbot. Summit 3 ascent 3 tow- ering eminence 3 high place. Dryden. Elevation of rank; station of dignity. Shak. The utmost de- gree 3 full completion. Bacon. Utmost exertion. Shak. State of excellence 3 advance towards per- fection. Addison. $5° The first of these modes is the most general ; and the last, the most agreeable to the spelling. Milton was the patron of the first, and, in his zeal for analogy, as Dr. Johnson says, spelt the word highth. This is still the pronunciation of the vulgar, and seems, at first sight, the most agreeable to analogy; but, though the sound of the adjective high is generally preserved in the abstract height, the h is always placed before the t, and is perfectly mute. Mr. Garrick's pronunciation (and which is certainly the best) was hite. — Sea Drought. W. To HEIGHTEN, hl'-tn. 103. v. a. To raise high. Shak. To improve 3 to meliorate. Addison. To aggravate. Addison. To improve by decorations. HEIGHTENING*, hl'-tn-lng. n. s. Improvement by decorations. Dryden. HEINOUS $, ha'-nfis. 249. a. [haineux, Fr.] Atro- cious 3 wicked in a high degree. Hooker. 9CF" Mr. Sheridan gives the long sound of e to the first syllable of this word, contrary to every dictionary, to analogy, and, I think, the best usage ; which, if I am not mistaken, always gives the first syllable of this word the sound of slender a. That this was the sound of thia syllable formerly, we may gather from the spelling of it: for, in Charles the Second's time, Mr. Baxter is accused by Mr. Danvers of publishing the hainous charge against the Baptists of baptizing naked. W. HETNOUSLY, ha'-nus-le. ad. Atrociously 3 wick- edly. Bp. Hall. HE'INOUSNESS, ha'-nfis-nes. n.s. Atrociousness 3 wickedness. Rogers. HEIR §, are. 249, 394. n. s. [heir, old Fr. hares, Lat.] One that is inheritor of any thing after the present possessor. Locke. One newly inheriting an estate. Sivift. — Heir apparent. He, who, if he survives, will certainly inherit, after the present possessor. Heir presumptive. One, who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would, in the E resent slate of things, be his heir 5 but whose in- eritance may be defeated by the conlingenc}' of some nearer heir being born. To HEIR, are. v. a. To inherit. Dryden. HE'IRDOM*, are'-dum. n.s. The state of an heir. Bp. Hall. HE'IRESS, are'-fs. 99. n. s. A woman that inherits. Waller. HEIRLESS, are'-lSs. a. Without an heir. Shak. HEIRLOOM, W-lSSm. n. s. [heir, and £eloma, Sax.] Any furniture or movable decreed to de- scend by inheritance, and therefore inseparable from the freehold. Swift. HEIRSHIP, ure'-shfp. n. s. The state, character, or privileges of an heir. Ayliffe. HELD, held. The preterit and part. pass, of hold. To HELE $*, heel. v. a. [helan, Sax.] To hide 3 to conceal. Gower. HE'LER*. See Hellier. HELFACAL§, he-ll'-a-kal. a. [SjXios.] Emerging from the lustre of the sun, or falling into it. Brown. HELFACALLY, he-lM-kal-le. ad. From the rising of this star, not cosmically, that is, with the sun, but heliacally , that is, its emersion from the rays of the sun, the ancients computed their canicular days. Dryden. HE'LICAL, hel'-e : kal. a. [i-Aj£.] Spiral; with many circumvolutions. Wilkins. HE'LING*, he'-lmg. n. s. The covering of a roof of a building. See Hilling. HE'LIOD Parabola, in mathematicks, or the para- bolick spiral, is a curve which rises from the sup- position of the axis of the common Apollonian para- bola's being bent round into the periphery of a cir- cle, and is a line then passing through the extremi- 460 HEL HEM — n6, move, ndr, n&t ;— tube, tfib, bull ; — 6?1 ;— pound ;— th\n, this. ties of the ordinates, which now converge towards the centre of the said circle. Harris. UELlOCE'NTRICK, he-le-o-sen'-trlk. a. $Xt<* and Khrpov.] The heliocetUrick place of a planet is said to be such as it would appear to us from the sun, if our eve were fixed in its centre. Harris. HELIO'METER*, he-le-om'-e-tur. n. s. h\ l0 g and fiirpov.] An instrument for measuring the diame- ters of the suu and moon. HELIOSCOPE, he'-le-i-skope. n.s. tfhos and oKoviu).] A sort of telescope fatted so as to look on the body of the sun, without offence to the eyes. Harris. HE LIOTROPE, hcMe-6-tr6pe. n. s. [i)\ l0i and T pi- -w] A plain that turns towards the sun : but more particularly the turnsol or sun-flower. Gov. of the Tongue. A precious stone of a green colour, streaked with red veins. Sir T. Herbert. HEMISPHERICAL, he-Hs-feV-e-kal. a. {helix and spitere.] The helispherical line is the rhomb line in navigation. Harris. HELIXS, he'-liks. n.s. [&£] Part of a spiral line 5 a circumvolution. Wilkins. HELL$, hel. n. s. [helle, Sax.] The place of the devil and wicked souls. Milton. The place of sep- arate souls, whether good or bad. Apostles' Creed. Temporal death. Psalm xviii. The place at a running play to which those who are caught are carried. Sidney. The place into which the tailor throws his shreds. King. Formerly, a dungeon in a prison. The Counter-Rat The infernal pow- ers. Cowley. It is used in composition by the old writers more than by the modern. HELL-BLACK, hel'-blak. a. Black as hell. Sliak- speare. HELL-BORN*. hel'-born. a. Born in hell. Spenser. HELL-BRED, hel'-bred. a. Produced in hell. Spen- ser. HELL-BREWED*, hel'-brood. a. Prepared or brewed in hell. Milton. HELL- BROTH, h&Y-brbth. n. s. A composition boil- ed up for infernal purposes. Shakspeare. HELL-CAT*, hel'-kat. n. s. Formerly, a witch ; a hag. Middleton. HELL-CONFOUNDLNG*. hel'-k&n-found'-mg. a. Vanquishing the power of hell. Beaumont. HELL-DOOMED, hel'-doomd. a. Consigned to hell. Milton. HELL-GOVERNED, hef -guv-ernd. a. Directed by hell. Sliakspeare. HELL-HAG*, hel'-hag. n. s. A hag of hell. Bp. Richardson. HELL-HATED, hel'-ha-t£d. a. Abhorred like hell. Sliakspeare. HELL-HAUNTED, hel'-hant-eU a. Haunted by the devil. Dryden. HELL-HOUND, hel'-hound. n. s. [hell-hunb, Sax.] Dog of hell. Shale. Agent of hell. Milton. A prof- ligate person. Beaumont and Fletcher. HELL-KITE, h&'-klte. n. s. Kite of infernal breed. Shakspeare. HE'LLEBORE §, hel'-le-b6re. n. s. [helleborus, Lat.] Christmas flower. HE'LLEBORE, White, n. s. A plant. Miller. HE LLEBORISM*, hel'-le-b6-rizm. n.s. A medi- cinal preparation of hellebore. Ferrand. HELLENICK*, hel'-le-nik. a. [iWriviKb;.] Gre- cian ; heathen. Milton. HE'LLENISM §, hgl'-le-nfzm. n. s. [AA^^S?.] A Greek idiom. Addison. HE'LLENIST* heT-le-nlst. n. s. [&\ V vi/o-m. HEPTACA'PSULAR, hep-ta-kap'-shu-lar. a. [tnra and capsula.] Having seven cavities or cells. HEPTACHORD*, hep'-ta-k6rd. n. s. [lirra and X°P^-] Anciently, a musical instrument of seven strings ; as, the lyre ; a poetical composition played or sung on seven different notes or sounds. HE'PTAGON $, hep'-ta-g&n. n. s. [eVra and yuvla.] A figure with seven sides or angles. HEPTA'GONAL, hep-tag'-o-nal. a. Having seven angles or sides. Selden. HEPTA'MEREDE* hep-tam'-e-reed. n. s. [FttA? and ncpk.] That which divides into seven parts. A. Smith. HEPTA'RCHICK*, hep-tar'-klk. a. Denoting a sevenfold government. Warton. HEPTARCHIST*, hep'-lar-kJst. n. s. He who rules one of the divisions of a sevenfold government Warton. HEPTARCHY §, hep'-tar-ke. n. s. \lvra and %$.] A sevenfold government. Camden. HE'PTATEUCH*, hep'-ta-tuke. n . s . [^rdand rev- So?.] A term applied to the first seven books of the •Id Testament. HER §, hfir. 98. pron. [hepa, hep, Sax.] Belonging to a female; of a she; of a woman. Cowley. The obltaue case of site. Shakspeare. HER'S, hfirz. pronoun. This is used when it refers to a substantive going before ; as, such are her charms, such charms are her's. Shakspeare. HE'RALD $, her'-ald. n. s. [hcrault, Fr.] An officer whose business it is to register genealogies, adjust ensigns armorial, regulate funerals, and, anciently, to carry messages between princes, and proclaim war and peace. B. Jonson. A precursor ; a fore- runner; a harbinger. Shak. A proclaimer; ? publisher. Shakspeare. To HERALD, heV-ald. v. a. To introduce as by a herald. Shakspeare. Ob. J. HERA'LDICK*, he-raT-dik. a. Denoting genealo gy ; relating to heraldry. Warton. HERALDRY, her'-al-dre. n. s. The art or office of a herald. Peaclmm. Registry of genealogies. Denham. Blazonry. Cleaveland. HE'RALDSHIP*, her'-ald-ship. n. s. The office of a herald. Selden. HERB$, erb. 394. n. s. [herba, Lat.] Herbs are those plants whose stalks are soft, and have nothing woody in them ; as grass and hemlock. Locke. 33= I have differed from Mr. Sheridan by suppressing the sound of the h in this word, and its compound herbage f and have Mr. Nares, Mr. Perry, and W. Johnston, on my side. W. HERB Christopher, or Bane-berries, n. s. A plant. HERBACEOUS, her-ba'-shfls. 357. a. Belonging to herbs. Brown. Feeding on vegetables. Der- ham. 462 I HER HER —no, solve, ndr, not ;— ti"il>e, tub, bull 5—6?! j— pound ;— thin, thjs. HERBAGE, eV-KJdje. 90, 394. n. s. [herbage, Fr.] Herbs, collectively; grass; pasture. Dryden. The tithe and the right of pasture. Ainstcorth. HE RBAGED*. eV-bfdj'd. a. Covered with grass. Thomson. HERBAL, heV-bal. n. s. A book containing the names and description of plants. Bacon. HE'RBAL*. heV-bal. a. Pertaining to herbs. Quarks. HERBALIST, heV-ba-l?st. n. s. A man skilled in herbs. Bttrton. HERBAR, heV-bar. n. s. Herb; plant. Spenser. HERBARIST, her'-ba-rfst. n. s. [herbarius, Lat.] One skilled in herbs. Bonk. To HE RBARIZE*, her'-ba-rlze. v. n. [herlxrriser , Fr.] To go about gathering medicinal herbs. Soame. HE RBARY*, heV-ba-re. n. s. A garden of herbs. Warton. HERBELET, heV-be-let. n. s. A small herb. Shah. HE RBER* lieV-bur. n. s. See Herbary. For- merly an arbour. Chancer. HERBE SCENT, her-beV-sent. 510. a. [lierbescens , Lat.] Growing into herbs. HERBID, heV-b?d. a. [herbidus, Lat.] Covered with herbs. HE'RBIST* herz-bfst. n. s. One skilled in herbs. Sherwood. HERBLESS*. eW-les. a. Having no herbs ; bare. Jos. Warton. HERBORIST, heV-bd-rist. n. s. One curious in herb?. Ray. HERBORIZA'TION* her-bo-re-za'-shun.n.s. [Fr.] The appearance of plants in fossils. Maty. HERBOUR*. See Harbour. HERBOURLESS*. See Harbourless. HERBOROUGH, heV-bur-ro. n. s. [herberg, Germ.] Place of temporary residence. B. Jonson. HERBOUS, her'-bus. a. [herbosus, Lat.] Abounding with herbs. HERBULENT, her'-bu-lent. a. Containing herbs. Did. HERBWOMAN, erb'-wfim-un. 394. n. s. A woman that sells herbs. Arbuthnot. HERBY, eW-e. 394. a. Having the nature of herbs. Bacon. Full of herbs. HERCULEAN*, her-kiV-le-an. a. [from Hercules.] Of extraordinary strength, like Hercules. B. Jon- son. Befitting Hercules ; large ; massy. Drum- in ond. HERD§, herd, n. s. [heopb, hepb, Sax.] A num- ber of beasts together. Flocks and herds are sheep and oxen or Icine. Sliak. A company of men, generally in contempt or detestation. Dryden. It anciently signified a keeper of cattle, [hypb. Sax.] A sense still retained in composition : as, goatherd. Spenser. To HERD, herd. v. n. To run in herds or companies. Dn/den. To associate. Addison. To HERD, herd. v. a. To throw or put into a herd. B. Jonson. HE RDESS*, her'-d^s. n. s. A shepherdess. Chau- cer. Oh. T. HERDGROOM, herd'-grooin. n. s. A keeper of herds. Spenser. Ob. J. HE RDMAN, herd'-man. ) 88. n. s. [heapbman, HERDSMAN, herdz'-man. $ Sax.] One employed in tending herds 5 formerly, an owner of herds. Sidney. HERE$, here. ad. [hep, Sax.] In this place. Milton. In the present state. Bacon. It is used in making an offer or attempt 5 as, " Then here's for earnest." Dryden. In drinking a health. Cowley. It is oft- en opposed to there. Shakspeare. HEREABOUT*, here'4-bdut. ) n. s. About this HEREABOUTS, here'-a-bofits. \ place. Shak. Addison. HEREAFTER, here-af-tfir. ad. In time to come; m futurity. Shakspeare. In a future state. Bacon. HEREA'FTER, here-af-t&r. n. s. A future stale. Addison. HEREA'T, here-at'. ad. At this. Hooker. HEREBY', here-bl'. ad. By this. Hooker. HERE'DITABLE, he-red'-e-ta-o.. a. [luzres, Lat.] Whatever may be occupied as inheritance. Locke HEREDITAMENT, her-e-dit'-a-ment. n. s. [hce Tedium, Lat.] A law term denoting inheritance Blackstone. ffir Dr. Johnson and Mr. Barclay place the accent on tho first syllable of this word ; Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Soott, and Ehtick,on the second ; and Dr.Kenrick, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, and Bailoy, on the third. The last accentuation is not only most agreeable to tho best usage, and the most grateful to the ear, but seein9 to ac- cord better with the secondary accent of the latter Latin hareditame nta. — See Academy. W. HEREDITARILY, he-red'-e-ta-re-le. ad. By in heritance. Selden. HEREDITARY §, he-rgd'-e-td-re. a. [hcereditarius Lat.] Possessed or claimed by right of inheritance 5 descending by inheritance. Shakspeare. HEREIN, here-in'. ad. In this. Hooker. HEREPNTO, [here-m-tod', Perry; here'-m-tSo, Jones.] ad. Into this. Hooker. HEREO'F, here-of . [See Forthwith.] ad. From this; of this. Shakspeare. HEREON, bere-on'. ad. Upon this. Brown. HEREO'UT, here-Sul'. ad. Out of this place. Spenser. HE REMITE $*. n. s. See Eremite. A hermit. Bp. Hall. HEREMITICAL, her-e-nuV-ik-al. a. [typos.] Sol- itary ; suitable to a hermit. Pope. HERESIARCH, he-re'-zhe-ark. 451. [Sec Eccle- siastick.] n. s. [aipems and apx'i] -A- leader in. heresy. Stillingfleet. HERESIARCHY*, heV-e-se-ar-ke. n. s. Principal heresy. Sir T. Herbert. HERESY, heV-e-se. n. s. [Ztpevis.] An opinion of private men, different from that of the catholick and orthodox church. Hooker. HERETICKJ, heV-e-tSk. 510. n.s. [5 t?£ n/cS s .] One who propagates his private opinions in opposition to the catholick church. Bacon. Ludicrously, any one whose opinion is erroneous. Shakspeare. HERETICAL, he-ret'-e-kal. a. Containing heresy. Hooker. HERE'TICALLY, he-ret'-e-kal-le. ad. With heresy. HERETOCH*. n. s. [hepeco^a, Sax.] A gen- eral ; a leader of an army. Blackstone. Ob. T. HERETO', here-too'. ad. To this ; add to this. HERETOFORE, here-too-fore', ad. Formerly ; anciently. Sidney. HEREUNTO', here-un-too'. ad. To this. Hooker. HEREUPON* here-fip-on'. ad. Upon this. Toiler. HEREWITH, here'-wfc/i. [See Forthwith.] ad. With this. Spenser. HERIOT§, her'-e-6t. n.s. Thepe^ilb, Sax.] A fine paid to the lord at the death of a landholder Howell. HERIOTABLE*, heV-e-6t-a-bJ. a. Subject to the demand of a heriot. Burn. HERITABLE, heV-e-ta-bl. ad. Capable to inherit whatever may be inherited. Hale. HERITAGE, ber'-e-taje. 90. n. s. [heritage, Fr.] Inheritance ; estate devolved by succession ; estate in general. Spenser. [In divinity.] The people of God. Com. Prayer. HERMAPHRODETTY*, her-maf-fr6-de'-e-te. n.s The being in the state of an hermaphrodite. B. Jonson. HERMAPHRODITES, her-maf-frA-dite. 155. n.s [hum and afpoSirr}.] An animal uniting two sexes. Cueavdand. HERMAPHRODITIC AL, her-maf-fro-chV-e-kal, a. Partaking of both sexes. Brown. HERMAPHRODFTICALLY*, her-maf-fro-dfr'-e- kal-le. ad. After the manner of both sexes. Brown. HERMAPHRODFTICK*, her-maf-fro-dlt'-ik. a. Partaking of both sexes. B. Jonson. HERMETIC AL ^her-met'-e-kal. ; a. [from Hermes, HERMETICK ^her-met'-ik.m \ or Mercury, the imagined inventor of chymistry.] Chymical. Quincy. HERME'TICALLY, her-met'-f kal-e. ad. Accord- ing to the hermetical or chymick art. Bentley. HERMITS, her'-mit. n.s. [i ?w im.] A solitary] 463 HER HET CP 559.— Fate, far, fill, fat ;— me, met ;— pine, pfn;- an anchoret ; one who retires from society to con- templation and devotion. Bacon. A beadsman; A . . , rhmn . HI'CKW A Y, hik'-wa. \ *• s ' A bird Chambers - hid, hid. ; , ,,.; HIDDEN, h?d'-dn. \P^ l -P^ s - of >^- HFDDENLY*, hid'-dn-le. ad. Privily; secretly Cotgrave. HI'DAGE*, hl'-dldje. n.s. A tax formerly laid on every hide of land. HIDALGO*, he-dal'-go. n.s. [Spanish.] One of noble birth. Terry. To HIDE §, hide. v.a. preler. hid ; part. pass, hid or hidden, [hiban, Sax.] To conceal ; to withhold or withdraw irom sight or knowledge. Shakspeare. To HIDE, hide. v.n. To lie hid; to be concealed. HIDE and SEEK, hide-and-seek. n.s. A play in which some hide themselves, and another seeks them. Sioift. HIDE §, hide. n.s.. [hybe, Sax.] The skin of any animal, either raw or dressed. Dryden. The hu- man skin, in contempt. Shak. [hide, hyde, Fr.] A certain quantitv of land. Wotton. HIDEBO'UND, hlde'-bd&nd. a. A horse is said to be hidebound wiien his skin sticks so hard to his ribs and back, that you cannot with your hand pull up, or lecsen, the one from the other. Farrier's Dirt. In trees : being in the state in which the bark will not give way to the growth. Bacon. Harsh; untraceable. Milion. Niggardly; penu- rious. Stafford. HIDEOUS §, hid'-e-us, or hid'-je-fis. 293. a. [hideux, Fr.] Horrible; dreadful; shocking. Sidney. De- testable. Spenser. HFDEOUSLY, hid'-e-fis-le. ad. Horribly; dread- j fully; in a manner that shocks. Shakspeare. \ HFDLOUSNESS, hld'-e-fis-nes. n. s. Horribleness ; dreadfulness ; terrour. Shakspeare. HFDER, hl'-dflr. 98. n.s. He that hides. Sherwood. HFDING*. hi' -ding. n.s. Concealment. Habak. iii. HFDING-PLACE*, hl'-ding-plase. n.s. A place of concealment. Shuckford. To HIE §, hi. r. n. [hi^an.hi^ian, Sax.] To hasten ; to go in haste. Spenser. HIE*, hi. n. s. Haste ; diligence. Chaucer. HFERARCH6, bl'-e-r&rk. n.s. [fcpos and ap X i] The chief of a sacred order. Milton. The chief oi any establishment. Cm-entry. HIERA'RCHAL* hl-e-rlr'-kal. a. Belonging to sa- cred government. Milton. HIERARCHICAL, hl-e-rar'-ke-kal. a. Belonging to sacred or ecclesiastical government. Abp. San- croft. HFERARCHY, hl'-e-rar-ke. n.s. A sacred govern- ment; rank or subordination of holy beings. Fair fax. Ecclesiastical establishment. Bacon. HFEROGLYPH §. hl'-e-rd-gllf. ; n. s. [Upog HIEROGLY'PHICK£,hl-e-r6-glif'-?k. $ and y U <*&>.] An emblem ; a figure by which a word was implied, and used before the alphabet was invent- ed. Sir G. Buck. The art of writing in picture. Swift. HIEROGLY'PHICAL. hl-e-r6-glif-e-kal. ) HIEROGLY'PHICK, hl-e-r6-gltf-ik. \ a - Emblematical ; expressive of some meaning be- yond what immediatelv appears. Sandys. HIEROGLY'PHICALLY, hl-e-r6-gh 2 f'-e-kal-e'. ad. Emblematically. HFEROGRAM§*, hl'-e-rd-gram. n.s. [l £p d s and {try This is one of those words which seems to have been corrupted by a laudable intention of bringing it nearer ;) ypduua.'] A kind of sacred writing toils or.gmal. The convulsive sob was supposed to | H1ER0GRA'3IMATICK*, hl-e-r6-grW-ma-tflc. be a species of cougli ; but neither Junius noi Skinner , v ■ f , , . „._:,:„„. A Q i] mention anv such derivation, and both suppose it formed i TT^oiTi^^Af »%\e^* ^ Fa A » / * i from the sound it occasions. Accordingly we find, j HIEROGRA'MMATIST* hl-e-rO-gram'-ma-tlst though hiccough is the most general orthography, hic-\\ n. s. [[Epoypa^arjuj.] A writer of hieroglyphicks kv.p is the mos usual pronunciation. Tbus Butior:- - | Greenliill. 59 465 HIG HIG 0*559.- -Fate, far, fall, fat; — me, met 5 —pine pfn; — HIEROGRATHlCAL*,hi-e-r6-graf'-e-kal. ) „ HIEROGRA'PHICK*, hl-e-ro-graP-ik. \ Denoting- sacred writing. Asffe. HIERO'GRAPHYS, hi-e-rog'-graf-e. 518. n. s. \lepb<; and ypd(b(t).~\ Holy writing. HIERO'LOGY^hl-e-rol'-o-Je. n.s. [Up&s and \6yos.~] Discourse on sacred things. HFEROMANCY*, hl'-e-rd-man-se. n. s. [Upo/iav- refa.l Divination by sacrifices. HI'EROPHANT,hl-er'-6-fant. 518. n.s. [Upo lain price, HIS HOA O* 559.— Fate, far, fall, fat , — me, met ; —pine, pin ;— HIRE, hire. n. s. [hype, Sax.] Reward or recom- Eense paid for the use of any thing. Wages paid »r service. Spenser. HFRELESS*, hlre'-les. a. Without nire ; not re- warded Davenant. HFRELING, hlreMlng. n. s. One who serves for wages. Sandys. A mercenary ; a prostitute. Pope. HFRELING, hlreMlng. a. Serving for hire ; venal. Dryden. HFRER, hire'-ur. 98. n. s. One who uses any thing, paying a recompense ; one who employs others, paying wages. [In Scotland.] One who keeps small horses to let. HIRST*. See Hurst. HIRSU'TE§, her-sute'. a. [hirsutus, Lat.] Rough; rugged ; shaggy. Bacon. Of coarse manners ; of rough behaviour. Life of A. Wood. HIRSU'TENESS*, her-sute'-nes. n. s. Hairiness. Burton. HIS, hlz. pronoun possessive, [hyr, Sax. i. e. he's.] The masculine possessive. Belonging to him that was before mentioned. Locke. Anciently, its. Shak. It is sometimes, but rarely, used as a sign of the genitive case : as, the man his ground, for tlie man's ground. Donne. Pope. HFSPID*, hls'-pld. a. [hispidus, Lat.] Rough. More. TbHISSS, hiss. v.n. [hissm, Dutch.] To utter a noise like that of a serpent and some other animals. Nor can it be pronounced without making the noise which it signifies. Ezek. xxvii. To condemn at a publick exhibition, by hissing. Sandys. To HISS, hiss. v. a. [hiycan, Sax.] To condemn by hissing ; to explode. Ecclus. xxii. To procure hisses or disgrace. Shakspeare. HISS, hiss. n.s. The voice of a serpent, and of some other animals. Milton. Censure; expression of contempt used in theatres. Milton. HFSSING*, hls'-slng. n. s. The noise of a serpent, &.c. Wisdom, xvh. An object of hisses or dis- grace. Jerem. xviii. HFSSINGLY*, hls'-slng-le. ad. With whistling sound. Shenvood. HIST, h?st. inter/, [probably from whist, be silent ; whist, huist, hist.] An exclamation commanding si- lence. Milton. HISTO'RIAL*, his-t^-re-al. a. Our elder word for historical. Chaucer. HISTO'RIAN, hls-nV-re-an.Tj.s. [historicus, Lat.] A writer of facts and events ; a writer of history. Milton. HISTORICAL $. hls-t&r'-lk-al. )a. Containing or HISTO'RICK^hls-tdr'-rlk. 509. $ giving an ac- count of facts and events. Spenser. Pertaining to history or narrative. Prior. HISTORICALLY, hls-t&r'-lk-al-le. ad. In the man- ner of history ; by way of narration. Hooker. III'STORIED*, his'-to-rR a. Recorded in history ; containing history. HISTO'RIER*, Ms-uV-ri-ar. ?i. s. An old word for an historian. Martin. To HISTO'RIFY, hls-t(V-e-f i. v. a. To relate ; to record in history. Sidney. HISTORIOGRAPHER, hls-t6-re-6g / -ra-f&r. n. s. [Ivropia and ypi