B47 18a1 4 W ^W #1 Class. Book Qld Poii^t Goir|fort land. 1.) Y reference to the map on opposite page, a narrow -^surrounded by water, extending out from the eastern shore of Virginia into the broad expanse of water formed by the confluence of the Chesapeake Bay and James River, will be noticed. This is "Old Point Comfort." In [606, a company was formed in London, for the purpose of colonizing Vir- ginia. The persons named in the charter, which was dated April 10, 1606, as found- ers ot the London Company, were Sir Thomas (rates. Sir George Sinners, Richard Hakluyt, ami Edward Maria Wingfield The Company guaranteed, lor every ,/jj los. (about $60,) paid into the treasury, to give the contributor one hundred acres of land in the new colony, with the promise of one hundred acres more when the hrst lot had been cultivated. The Company organized, tilted out their vessels under the command . of Captain Christophei Newport, who had acquired a maritime repu- c tatlon 1 y former expeditions against the Spaniards. On >l JT7 f r Decei er 19, 1606. one hundred and five men embarked JL.JJ '"" ■- "' tnese vessels, destined to form the first colony ■HBSS^.. il_'.-.j".:_-, llf Virginia but not very well_selected for such VISITORS HAND BOOK. a purpose. Of this number, forty eight were "gentlemen" parsons brought up to esteem labor degrading. There were but twelve laborers, four carpenters and a few other me- chanics. The leaders were Wingfield, a merchant, Gosnold, who had made a previous voyage to the New World, the chaplain; and last, but not least, that seventeenth century ] ier0 _j hn Smith — soldier, sailor, discoverer, diplomatist, and historian of the enterprise. The names of the future counsellors to whom the government of the colony was to be intrusted were carried to Virginia a profund secret, carefully sealed up in a tin box, along with king James' instructions. Newport proceeded by way of the Canaries and the West Indies, and, during the long passage, cabals arose. Wingfield, jealous of Smith's reputa- tion accused him of a desire to murder the Council, upsurp the government and make himself King of Virginia; and on this extraordinary charge Smith was arrested and kept in confinement during the remainder of the passage. Several weeks were spent among the Carribee Islands. Sailing thence in search of the coast of Virginia, a fortunate storm drove the vessels past Roanoke, and after a four months' passage from England they en- tered the Chesapeake Bay or " Mother of the Waters." The two headlands at the entrance were named Cape Henry and Cape Charles, after the King's two sons. A party of thirty landing at Cape Henry, were attacked by five of the natives and had two of their number wounded. Presently the ship came to anchor at old Point Comfort, at the mouth of a broad river or estuary. Here the sealed box was opened and the names of the Council made known. They then continued their journey of exploration up the Powhatan, (James) trafficking with the natives, who received them kindly and regarded them with curious eves ;is manv of them had never before seen a white man. A spot was finally chosen for VISIT! IRS II \\ li P.i h )K. <) VISITORS HAND BOOK settlement on the north hank of the river, about fifty miles from the bay. Tins spot was called Jamestown, and the river soon came to be known as the James River. In. July, 1608, Captain Smith, with a select party, started in an open boat to explore the shores of the Chesapeake. They proceeded safely on their way as far as the entrance of the Piankatank River, when a mighty storm arose with thunder, wind and furious rain In their open boats they were exposed to the full force of the blast, and sought in vain to stem its fury and find their way into some convenient harbor. Unable to ride at an- chor, they put their frail bark before the wind and scudded toward the southward. York river was passed; then Back river, neither of which they could make; till finally they came to the sandy strip of land jutting out into the entrance of the James River, rounding which they found shelter from the storm, and named the place, in gratitude of heart, Point Com- fort. The adjective "old," has since been given to distinguish it from its sister shelter, New Point Comfort, higher up the bay. For years before the war Old Point Comfort had been celebrated as a watering place. The singular salubrity of its location, malarial fever being absolutely unknown, assured it a wide celebrity as a place of residence during the heated summer months. The mildness of the climate, also, aided to produce the same results. The temperature in summer ran- ges between 60 and 80 degrees, and the nights are few when a bed-covering is not found an agreeable necessity of repose. The gentry of the upper country flocked hither during the summer months to enjoy the unaccustomed luxury of sea bathing and fishing. But the outbreak of the war, which wrought so many changes, interposed an abrupt interruption lo the career of Old Point Comfort as a resort for pleasure. Military necessity demanded VISITORS 11AM) BOOK. the demolition of the hotel build- ing which interferred materially with the range of the guns of the fort. And even had this not been the case, the host of quon- dam pleasure seekers had other and sterner duties to perform. Grim-visaged war dropped down its sable curtain upon the theatre ofpleasure ; and for long, weary years Old Point Comfort was known and regarded as an im- portant military post in posses- sion of the United States. It was not until several years after the return of peace that the Hygeia Hotel arose from its ashes, and Old Point Comfort again took its position as one of the leading- watering places on the Atlantic coast. It has gradually grown into popular favor, vear by year. AT BREAKFAST HYGEIA HOTEL, HAND l!i m IK. The modest building, which at first contained ample accommodations tor its patrons, was added to from year to year by its progressive founder, Mr. Harrison Phoe dus, until at his death, in 1886, it was one of the finest and most complete hostelries in the United States; and to-day it stands a monument to his skill and energy. Its present capacity is over one thousand guests. Mr. Pcebus died, after a short illness, on Thursday morning, February 25th, 1SS6, at six o'clock, aged 46 years. After his death the Hotel was run by his executors under the management of Mr. F. N. Pike, who had been Mr. Pocebus'. right hand man for a number of years. Under his administration the house has retained its old-time popularity, and it is taxed to its utmost to accommodate its patrons during its busy season According to the provisions of the will and the decree of the Court, the property was sold at public auction, on the 7th day of April, 1887, and was bought for $352,500, by a syndicate, Mrs. Phoebus securing one-third interest. The climate of Old Point Comfort is unequaled for salubrity and general healthful- ness. The record of the Meteorological Observatory for the past ten years shows the fol- lowing average temperature: Summer, 70 deg.; Autumn, 51 deg.; Winter, 47 deg.; Spring, 54.3 deg. It is a well-known fact that every Post Physician that has been stationed here speaks in the highest terms of its healthfulness and freedom from diseases of a malig- nant type, as well as for its beneficial effect upon those troubled or threatened with certain disease. The Hygeia stands directly at the head of the Government wharf, which is the larg- est and finest landing in the country, and its extensive verandahs, which, during the Spring and Winter seasons, are enclosed in glass, front directly on Hampton Roads, thus VISITORS HAM) KOUK BANQUET HA I.]., HYG1 I A. lO \ IS] I ■( IRS HAND BOO'K affording the most delicate invalid the opportunity of an ever-changing panoramic view, no matter how severe the weather outside. The building is four stories high, and has am- ple accommodations for one thousand guests. It is furnished throughout regardless of ev- erything but the health, comfort and convenience of its guests. Steam radiators or open grate fires in every room; elevators, electric bells, or oral annunciators, bath rooms, both public or private, for hot or cold, fresh or sea water baths, with the most perfect system of ventilation and drainage, and its unsurpassed cuisine, places the Hygeia at the head of any other like establishment in the country. A special feature is a complete set of baths, including Turkish, Russian, Thermo-elec- tric, Magnetic, Sulphur and Vapor baths, which adds another and most wonderful agent to the therapeutic advantages of the Hygeia, as beneficial as it is unique. In addition to the Hygeia, Mr. Geo. Booker has recently enlarged and beautified his popular Hotel, "Sherwood," doubling its capacity and furnishing it throughout in the most approved style. The appointments of this house are perfect, and the rates moderate. The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. have extended their road across Mill Creek, fol- lowing the water line and terminating within a few yards of the Hotels, thus mak- ing it much more convenient for tourists by rail, who, previous to this, had to be transferred about a mile in 'busses. Before leaving the subject of Old Point Comfort, it might be well to state that it is owned entirely by the Government. Not a foot of this land can be bought at any price; nor can a dwelling of any kind be erected thereon without a special act of Congress. A walk of about three minutes from the Hygeia brings us to Fort Monrof, a de- scription of which is given in the next chapter. VISITORS' ,H VXL' BOOK II RUSS1 \X AND TURKISH BATHS, HVOEIA. Yovt Moijroe The natural fitness of this locality tor a "ortified station was early seen and taken ( id vantage of. As early as March, 1639, one "Harvey built a fort at Old Point Comfort, it the entrance of James River, and to sup- ply it with ammunition, a fee or payment in powder and ball was demanded from every ship that passed. The com- mander was authorized to tender the oaths of allegiance and supremacy to all persons arriving at the colony, and to send all vessels to Jamestown before unloading any of their cargoes." The following is the original act passed for its erection : "Matter of ffortifications was againetaken into consideration and Capt. Sam'l Mathewes was content to undertake the raysing of a fforte at Poynt Comfort ; whereupon Capt. Robert Ffelgate, Capt. John Thomas Perfury Capt. Thomas Graies, Capt. John Uty, Capt. Tho. Willoby, Mr. Tho. Heyrick and Leu't. Win. Perry, by full consent of the whole Assembly, were chosen to view the place, conclude what manner of fforte shall be erected, and to compounde and agree with the said Capt. Mathews for the'building, raysing and furnishing the same,"&c. VISITORS HAXP BOOK 13 The ground upon which Fort Monroe stands, was ceded by the Legislature of Virginia to the Government of the United States, to be used as the site of a military post. General Simeon Bernard, a foreign engineer, was employed to design the fortifications, and in the year 1 81 7 the ground plan was traced, and the work of erection commenced. The Fort covers about eighty acres of ground, and is the largest in the world. Its form is that of an irregular hexagon, two sides of which command the water front, while four look out upon the land. The walls, which are of granite, rise to the height of 35 feet; and about the entire work a moat extends — from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty feet wide, and faced with granite — the water in which rises to the height of 8 feet at high tide. On the land side the ramparts are solid, with the exception of some of the flanks which are casemated. but on the side toward the water the armament consists of two tiers of guns, one casemated and one in barbette. Up to the commencement of the Rebellion it had cost the Government two and a half million dollars. We cross the bridge, which spans the moat, and enter the open gates, pass the senti- nel on his monotonous beat, and find ourselves behind its frowning walls. We observe that the interior is well laid out with broad and partially shaded walks. Numerous live oaks are planted about the parade ground, which afford luxuriant shade under which the visit- or may pass his time reading or listening to the sweet and enlivening strains of the full military brass band stationed here. We first mount the ramparts, from which we have a fine view of the Hampton Roads on the water side, and of the surrounding level but picturesque country, with its farms and villages dotting here and there, .on the land side. Leaving the ramparts, which afford a delightful promenade, we will next visit the muse- U VISITORS' HAND BOOK ^fiHs DINING KOOM-j HYOtlA. . VIS] rOJiS H \ \ l> l:« M Ik j ■ » vim, which is open daily for the inspection of visitors. After'examining the many curious and interesting relics of warfare, we will, before proceeding further, give the reader some idea of the routine work of the fort. To the casual visitor there appears to be nothing of importance going on. We meet butiew officers or soldiers beside the sentinels, and occasionally a detail squad here and there, but we must remember that this is not only a fortified garrison, but also a school. Four officers from each of the five Regiments of Artillery are ordered here on special duty for the course, embracing two and a half years. Here the theories they have studied are put into practical shape. The text-books and documents used in the school are all printed in the garrison. There is Guard Mounting every morning at 8:45 o'clock, excepting Sundays, when it occurs an hour later. Dress Parade every day. Saturdays and Sundays excepted, at half an hour before sunset. In addition to the above there is target practice nearly every afternoon, outside of the fort, back of the government machine shop, or from the ramparts. In July there is sea coast firing every afternoon, between 3 and 4 o'clock, excepting Saturdays and Sundays. Church service is held in the chapel, on the grounds, every Sunday morning at 10.45 o'clock. This chapel is aptly called, "Church of the Centurion." \ l-i ii >RS HAND liin iK VISITORS- HAM) BOOK. I 7 Besides places already mentioned, there is also an electrical and engineering depart- ment, and a laboratory. Lt. Col. Royal T. Frank is the officer in command. In casemate No. 2, 1st Front, near the postern gate, Jefferson Davis was confined after his capture. If visitors desire souvenirs of their visit they can obtain views of all the principal points of interest of Mr. Wm. Baulch, the Post Trader, opposite the parade ground. Leaving the fort, we next drive to the National Soldiers' Home. Before entering the main road we pass a pretty little church on our left. This is St. Mary's Catholic Church, Rev. Father Mercer, pastor. Services on Sunday at io:;,o a. m. Vespers at 7:30 p. m. Daily services at 7:30 a. m. We also notice on our left an enclosure containing stacks of cannon balls, condemned ordnance, or parts of same. On our right is the Government machine shop. We soon come to an iron bridge spanning Mill Creek, in the center of which paces a sentinel night and clay, crossing which, we find ourselves in Virginia, on the sacred soil of the "Old Dominion." On the opposite side of the bridge is Chesapeake City, a town of nearly one thousand inhabitants. There are several popular boarding houses here, the principal ones being Bright View Cottage, C. E. Welch, proprietor, and Larrabee's private boarding house. 1 8 VISIT( IRS HAND V, i National JJon^e for ]3. Y. Soldiers, SOUTHERN I5RANCH. We will take the reader back to ant-cbellum days. From the boat, on our way from Nor- folk, we notice on our left a large imposing structure, delightfully situated in the midst of trees and shrubbery, facing the broad waters of Hampton Roads, and directly at the entrance of Hampton Creek. This, at the time we refer to, was the Chesapeake Female College, under the control of the It was built in 1857, at a cost of $64,000, and was occupied about November of the same year, but was not finished till the winter of 1859 — 60. The property originally comprised 26 acres, In this institution many of the daughters 1,11 PO '■•' CHAPEL, P. E. — CHURCH OF THE lEXH'RK visitors hand book. 21 of the F. F. V. prosecuted their studies uninterruptedly until the breaking out ol the war when they were called to their homes, and the building — which had often re-echoed with their laughter— was soon put to a far different use. It was taken possession of by the Gov- ernment, and about October, 1861, was used as a hospital, and later, by General Schofield, as headquarters. In 1864 the property was purchased by General Butler, who, in 1S70, sold it to the Government to be used as a Home for disabled soldiers, $50,000 being paid for the same. The first Deputy Governor of this Branch was Rev. Charles A. Raymond, the for- mer President of the College, who was appointed January 1, 1871. February t, of the same year, there were about 50 members; but as the place became better known, the number gradually increased. The number that could be originally accommodated was about 350. On the 17th of January, 1873, the present Governor, Col. P. T. Woodfin, assumed charge, and each year since, the institution has been taxed for room. Numerous brick Bar- racks have been erected, as well as an immense hospital accommodating 900 patients. There is also a commodious laundry, boiler house, ice house, in which the ice used by the institution is manufactured ; a fine Library, a large Hall built for amusement purpose- . etc. In fact, as far as possible, everything necessary to make the place comfortable and attractive-to the members, has been done. Since its organization, 8,326 veterans have been admitted and cared for. Number of veterans at present 3,600. Notwithstanding the con- stant addition of new barracks, the Home is being continually taxed to its utmost capacity. There is little doubt but that this branch will, in the course of time, equal in importance and attraction either of the other Branches. VJH rORS HAN I) BOOK. CASEMATE WHERE JEFFERSON DAVIS WAS CONFINED, FORT MONROE, VISITORS HAND B@OK 23 The officers of the Institution are : Col. P. T. Woodfin, Governor ; Maj. Wm. Thump- son, Treasurer; Col. Charles Candy, Com. Sub., Dr. S. K. Towle, Surgeon. W. J. Sewell is the Local Manager. The original entrance to the Home grounds is by a road branching to the left from the main road to Hampton, about half way between the latter place and Mill Creek, but a new road has recently been opened on the south side, adjoining- Roseland, the estate of Mrs. Harrison Phoebus. Entering the grounds through an archway, we drive direct to the en- trance of the Main Building, where we will find a Guide in waiting, who is ready at once to take us to every place of interest. We first enter the MAIN BUlI^DIXCx and take a peep into company quarters. Everything is as neat and clean as though " house cleaning day " were but yesterday. The men are sitting down or lying on their cots reading. All seem contented and happy. We pass on up to the next floor ; it is but a duplicate of the first ; and so on, all the way up. We find wash rooms, bath-rooms and other conveniences, on every floor, while an elevator is running at all time for the accommo- dation of those veterans who are afflicted or too old to walk up and down the stairway. A view from the piazza on the fifth floor is well worth the exertion of climbing. Here we can see for miles; and the ever-changing panorama of passing boats is one that must be seen to be appreciated. We now descend, and our guide will take special pride in conduct- ing: us to the ^. ISITORS HAND I'.OOK \ BIG GUN. VIS] l'< »RS HAND B< nik -5 WARD MEMORIAL HALL. This is a beautiful brick structure and reflects greal credit alike on the architect and builder. It was built by funds bequeathed for that purpose by Mr. Horatio Ward of London, England. The original amount left was Si 00,000, which, with interest, &c, up to the time it was applied, a- ^gggg^ ^ moth boilers, coffee pots, etc. As el ewhere, every thing is clean and in good order. It mounted to about $111,000. _ This amount was divided a- mong the different Branches. We first enter the spacious dining-room ; everything is in perfect order ; sixteen ta bles the entire length of the dining room are set, read} for the next meal. i,coo mcr can be acorn modated at on silting In the adjoining room is the kitchen, with its mam- may be of interest to some to mow that it takes over 2,000 sounds of beef at one meal id about 2, ceo loaves of iread daily. The latter is all •aked on the place. The bill >f fare changes daily, and aries with the seasons. We ;ive the bill of fare for one day, Sunday ; ' 11 \rr.r , soldiers home. 26 \ ISITORS II WD Bi « >K • '■ Wh, ■ r From HAF.rh »'» Masazinb. OK. 27 BREAKFAST Fresh Pork. Sausage. Baked Beans. Bread. Butter. Coffee. DINNER. Roast Mutton llrcad. Butter. Lima Beans. Rice Pudding. Coffer. SUPPER. Slewed Peaches. Bread. Butter. Cheese. Tea . In the same building is a billiard room, where those of the members who delight in that interesting amusement, can while away many an hour. We now visit the theatre on the floor above. This is a beautiful room, and perfect in all it^ ap- pointments. It is supplied with a well selected stock of scenery. Its seating capacity is 915. En- tertainments of all HOSPITAL, NATIONAL SOLDIERS IK) Commissary of Subsistence are in ;i two-story brick building ME. near kinds are given here for the amusement of the members, who are admitted free. The office of the ( h tvernor i 3 in a neat building near the boulevard, a short distance from his res- ~A idence ; while those )f the Treasurer and Ward " Memorial Hall 28 VIS] I i »RS II AM) B( h iK WARD MEMORIAL HALL, SOLDIERS' HOME. visiti irs h \\]> mote 29 In the rear of the Governor's residence are the ■ CONSERVATORIES. If we are a lover of the beautiful in nature, we can enjoy the beauty and fragrance of the many choice and rare plants that are here found. The houses are under the manage- ment of Mr. David Sutherland, whose skill and taste in floriculture are noticeable on evry hand. Leaving the Conservatorv, we wend our way to THE HOSPITAL, which is the largest and most imposing struc- ture on the grounds. HEADQUARTERS, SOLDIERS' HOME. HOW Striking the con- trast, from life and beauty to sickness and suffering ! Here are many poor fellows whose unwritten lives art full of romance. Many of them have been confined for months, vet with all they bear up bravely, even cheer- fully. The patients treated here average about three hundred and fifty daily. They have the best of care and PAVILION, SOLDIER5' HOME. VIS] I'ORS HAND BOOJC. the most skillful treatment. Dr. Samuel K. Towle is the Surgeon in charge, with Dr. E. J. Shores as ist assistant, and Dr. Charles Brewer 2nd assistant. TUB LIBRARY, which we next visit, is on the second floor of the brick building in the rear of the Main Clellan, Mrs. Zollikoffer and Mr. Albert Crane of New Building. The first contri- bution to the Library was made by the "Ladies Union" of New York City, in 187 r. Many kindly disposed per- sons have contributed, from time to time, many valuable and interesting volumes. Among the donors might be mentioned Mrs. General Mc- ' s |-l York City,Mrs.Oswin Wells, ^-1 Mrs. J. Watson Black, Mrs. H. Whitmore, Mrs. J. N. Goodwin, Miss Batterson, and Mr. Black of Hartford Con.; and many others. Governor Woodfin has al- ways taken a warm interest \RR.\Ck, SOLDIERS HoMl in the Library, and from special funds he has added at different times many choice and in- teresting works, till it now numbers seven thousand volumes — American, German and French. There are between one and two hundred papers taken, daily, tri-weekly and week- ly; besides a number of magazines and other periodicals. The Library is open daily except Saturdays and Sundays, from 8 a. rn to i..> m. from 1 to 5 p. m. and from 6 to S p. in. VISITORS HAND B0< >k : Thi' Home is a great resort during the sum- mer for excursion par- ties, which afford amuse- ment for the old vets who enjoy the company of the children, and take pleasure in watching them at their childish games. To accommodate such parties, a pavilion has heen erected at the extreme south-end of the grounds, where the pic- nicers can enjoy them- selves dancing, and also secure a shelter in wet weather. In addition to the buildings already rnen- /'. T. IVOODFIJV, Governor of Southern Br The drive along the water front is delightful, and the \ terrace runs the entire length of the breakwater, which is t; bers as a promenade. Haup audi. iew tken tiuned, there is a Rest- aurant and Beer Saloon, Bo i le r II o u s e, G a s House, Ice House, Laun- dry, Bake House, Fire Engine House, a number of brick and frame bar- racks, and a neat com- modious Chapel, where services are held every Sabbath ; Catholic in the morning and Protestant in the afternoon — the lather being divided be- tween Methodist, Bapt- ist, Episcopalian and Presbyterian. The buildings are not the only places of at- traction at the Home, >eautiful. Abroad, board advantage of by the mem- 32 VISITORS HAND BOOK Tlie grounds are well shaded and tastefully laid out, and it would be difficult to find a place more suited to the object for which it is intended. There is a well organized steam fin- department connected with the institution. Besides the entertainments in "Ward " Memorial Hall, the members have many other amusements, such as boating, yatching, fishing and salt-water bathing. The fine military band connected with the institution under the leadership of Prof. Leavv, gives Open Air Concerts every afternoon, except Sundays, from 3 to 4 o'clock. On Sunday morning, there is Outside Inspection at 9.15 o'clock. Viewed from the piaz- za, the sight of over 2,000 veterans, arranged in companies around the spacious walks of the grounds, is very picturesque, and is enjoyed by thousands of visitors yearly. Many of the members pass their tims in miking fancy and curious articles to sell to visitors as souvenirs of their visit. Leaving the Home grounds, we next \dsit the National Cemetery, a description of which will be given in the next chapter. Ttje \atioijal Qen\etery. How s'eep the brave, who sink to rest, 13v all iheir Country's wishes blest. When Spring with dewy lingers cold Returns to deck their hallowed mould, She i heie shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. This cemetery is situated on the south-eastern side of the Normal School grounds and is separated from the Soldier's Home by a narrow inlet of the Hampton Creek. The lot is an irregular figure, of many sides, six of them being right lines, the bal- ance following the windings of the inlet, above mentioned. To the casual observer the lot appears to be a parallelogram, about twice as long as wide. It contains ir.6i acres of level land, and was purchased by the United States in 1867 for the sum of $6,306. It is enclosed by a rubble stone wall, laid in mortar, and covered by a rough coping. We enter the enclosure by a gate, on the north side and proceed to the office of the Superintendent, Major T. D. McAlpine, which is on the left hand side, near the entrance, where we register our names, and then proceed up the main avenue, twenty feet wide, on either side of which are well kept flower beds. VIS] I ORS II V.\ l» Bl >OK About 350 feet from the entrance is a mound upon winch the flagstaff stands. Facing this mound, on either side, is a large cannon planted vertically. Here the road branches off to the right and left. Near the centre of the cemetery is an imposing solid granite MONUMENT, 65 feet high. erected through the efforts of Miss D. L. Dix, of New York. This monument stands in the centre of a circular plat, 74 feet in diameter, which is enclosed by an iron fence, the posts being 3 inch rifled cannon ( Rod- man) an:l the pickets mus- ket-barrels with bavonets lixed. We naturally look for mounds over the graves, as in other cemeteries, but if it were not for the long straight rows of low head- stones, we would not know they were graves. The ground is perfectly level, sodded and kept closely cropped, giving the whole BAKERY, SOLDIERS HOME. cemetery the appearance of being carpeted with a beautiful green. The graves are arranged in double parallel rows, feet to feet, with paths five feet wide between each row of head stones; these stones contain the name, rank, and State of the deceased, if known. V1S1 L - ORS' HAND BOOK 35 From Hu:n .:'- M Copyright, 1886, by Harper & Brothers. X \TlO\ U CEMETERY 36 VISIT) »RS II AN 1) IliiiiK At the south-cast end of the cemetery, are the graves of many Confederates who died while prisoners of war, either in the Hospital at Camp Hamilton or in Fort Monroe. The interments to date, December i, 1890, are as follows : Known. White Union Soldiers 44' - White I'nion Sailors 104 Colored I'nion Soldiers .... 102O Total _ ... Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Citizens, wo nen and children .. . Total interments All the bodies interrc here previous to May 14, [871, wire removed from their places 1 »i original in- terment, bring mostly from 1 he grounds 1 »f 1 he genet il hospitals in this vicinity, but some were removed from Big Bethel. Newport News. Norfolk, Ports- mouth, Craney Island, and i ,\ hei pla< e The intei - :542 280 83 Unknown. 412 6 57 475 Tola!. 4824 1 io 1083 6017 280 83 6380 merits from the Soldier's Home average about fit - teen a month. Interments in this cemetery will have to cease before long, as nearly all the available space is filled. The ques- tion of securing a plot of land in the immediate vi- cinity for a new one is now beinef considered. : I . ENT BARRACKS, HOMl VISITORS ll.W'l) LJOOK. / SBHfiE xjl ■■\ Mil I iliU i- b^i Norrrjal ai)d ^griclilttiral [institute This Institution is situated about two and a half miles from Old Point Comfort, on an estate of one hundred and twenty acres, once known as " Little Scotland," and during the Civil War as "Camp Hamilton," the base Hospital of the Army of the James, where as many as 10,000 sick and wounded Union soldiers were cared for at one time. On theclore of the war, it became headquarters for the " Hampton District " ( including ten counties of Virginia) of the " Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands," commis- sioned by government to reconstruct, administer justice during the suspension of the civil courts, adjust claims, provide work for and scatter to their former homes the throngs of contrabands who had been dependent on government rations, bring back those who had been sold away, and have general guardianship of the mission schools among them. Gen. S. C. Armstrong, Bureau Officer in charge of the ,( Hampton District," advised that a Normal and Industrial School be established on this spot, and, on request of the American Missionary Association, undertook the work. The estate was purchased in the summer of 1867 for the sum of nineteen thousand ($19,000) dollars. After erecting the necessary buildings, the school was opened in April, 186S, with fifteen scholars and two teachers. Old l>)ii}iiuoq Steamship Gonipaqy FOR NEW \<)RK THIS RODiE AFFOBDS THE HOST DELIGHTFDL OCEAN TRIP ON THE ATLANTIC COAST- The Steamships are A i in construction and kept up to a standard of general excellence. The State-rooms are unusually large and commodious. Special and particular attention paid to the locat- ing of families and pleasure parties. Tables liberally supplied with all delicacies in season. KROM OLL3 POINT COMFORT, HAMPTON and NEWPORT NEWS. Via Company's Annex Boat connecting at Norfolk, MoNdaY, tUesdaY, Wednesday, tHUrsdaYandSATUrdaY eVeNiNgs, with Steamer for New York; arriving at New York the following night. Travelers from interior points will find the daily Trips made by this Company's commodious Steam- boat " Northampton " to and from places adjacent to Old Point Comfort offer delightful and invigor- ating sea air excursions "For further information apply at general Ticket office of the Hygeia Hotel, Old Point Comfort. FIRST CLASS TICKETS include Meal and State-Room accommodations on Main Lines of Company. MENTION VISITORS' HANO BOOK. \/V , H. STANrOf\U) Gi P. A-l CoiniKiny's General Office. 335 West Street, corner Beecn, New Yorlc. 40 VISITORS HAND BOOK. In June. 1870, the Institute received a charter from the General Assembly of Virginia, creating a corporation, with power to choose their own successors, and to hold property exempt from taxation. This board numbers seventeen members, who hold and control the entire property of the School by deed from the American Missionary Association. The School is undenominational, but decidedly religious in its training. In March, 1872, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an Act, allowing the institu- tion the interest on one third of the Agricultural College land grant of Virginia. Its share was one hundred thousand acres, which were sold in May, 1872, for $95,000. Nine-tenths of this money was invested in State bonds, bearing six per cent interest ; the other tenth has been expended in the purchase of additional land, increasing the size of the home farm to one hundred and ninety acres. The land thus received was a part of the " Segar" estate, adjacent to the Institute grounds, and well adapted to the needs of the School. The State has, thus far, promptly paid the interest on the fund, amounting to about ten thousand ($10,000) dollars annually. None of this money can be used for building purposes. It supplies about one tenth of the running expenses of the School, The disbursement of this income must be ratified by a Board of six Curators (three of whom may be Colored,) ap- pointed by the Governor every four years. They meet with the Trustees, annually,. in May. and attend their deliberations. In addition to the Home farm of one hundred and titty acres, the institution also has a grass and grain farm of six hundred acres, about four miles outside of Hampton, which is worked by the students. This is (.'ailed " Hemenwav " farm. VISITORS H \N I) BOOK. 41 I !BR \kY i;i. I f.DTNC, SCHOi 'I 42 VISITORS HAND BOOK The entire property of the School is now paid Tor by private contributions. The leading aim of the School is to give gent, earnest, practical teachers ; the demand yond its ability to supply. In April, 1878, Indian students were admitted, the first being seventeen Arapahoe, Cheyenne and Kiowa ex-warriors, taken from a band of about fif- ty, who had been held as prisoners of war at St. Augustine, Florida, for three years, under Capt. R. H. Pratt, of the United States Army. Success valued a $500,000, most of which has been' the Negro and Indian races a class of intelli- for which is increasing yearly, and is far be- with these, the most sav- age of the Indian races, led to further efforts in their behalf ; and the number has increased yearly, until, at the present time, there are 133, both sexes being represented , these are from fifteen Agencies, and represent as manv tribes. MEMORIAL CHAPEL, SCHOOL The United States pays S^y. a piece, per annum for 120 Indians, which covers the cost of board and clothing. Tuition, besides all buildings and outfit, is provided by friends, as well as the entire cost of from twelve to twenty outside the government quota. VISITORS HAND BOOK 43 The School is not under control of, or supported by, the government. It requires about $100,000 a year for running expenses ; of which the school receives from the government $20,000 ; the State of Virginia, $ro,ooo, and from investments and rental, about $10,000. The balance, $60,000, is contributed by friends of the cause, chiefly in annual scholarships of $70.00 each. The pressing need of the school is an endowment fund of one million dollars. The following is the number of students admitted during the year ending June 3oth } 1S91 : Negro Students, 5 18 Indian " 136 Total. 654 No. of officers and teachers in class rooms, agriculture, work shops and house-keeping departments, S3 ; 13 are graduates of the School. Ninety per cent, of the five hundred graduates are teaching, or have taught in this and neighboring States. Classes may be visited each week-day, except Monday, between 10:30 and 12 o'clock a. m. The work shops may be visited any week-day. The dinner hour is 12:20 p. m., at which time all the students are assembled in the large dining room in Virginia Hall. Inspection every morning, except Sunday and Monday, at 8:30. Church services in Memorial Chapel on Sunday afternoons, at 4 o'clock. Seats free. With this much by way of introduction and explanation, we will wend our way hrst to the Offices of the Principal and Treasurer, which are situated, in a neat frame build - The Jackson ^Sanatorium. ■@@- HEALTH RESORT, :f . f \v !; U.- ;: UiUii|l II DASTSTILLEL - - HEW YOU- Established in 1858. :o: jg>i. '^FFERS an unequalled combination of natural ad vartages, K§§ */ther rapeutic appliances, and favorable conditions for tbe sick jjpr Lnd exhausted. It comp ises a magnificent main building and twelve cottages situated in a woodland park on the eastern mountain si pe overlooking the attractive valley, town, and " - •-•W^I^BWJ^WBW* 5 * "* beautilul hills beyond. Location unsurpassed for scenery, heal h- ful climate, pure air and water. Malaria utterly unknown. the new mam building, three hundred feet long and ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF, is designed to meet every need of the invalid, or seeker of rest and quiet, and is complete in sanitary details. Tt lias light, airy rooms, safety elevator, electric bells throughout, perfect sewerage, best modern appliances in culinary depart- ment; abundant, varie.: and well prepared dietary, extensive apartments for treatment, arranged to secure individual privacy; ell forms of baths, electricity, massage, etc., scientifically administered— Dr. Tailor's Swedish Movements. Instruction in Delsarte System of I hysical Culture, given by Mrs. Dr. Walter E. (iregory. The Sanatorium is under the personal care and management ol a permanent staff of experienced physicians, all graduates of leading regular schools in America. Skilled attendants minister to every need. Here is found comfort without care, and freedom from the tax- ations of fashionable life, with the helpful influences of a well ordered Christian home. OPEN ALL THE YEAR. ( Former/ 1/ Jackson & Leffingn ■ U I For Circulars, Testimonials, and other in for unit ion, address J. ARTHUR JACKSON, Corresponding Secretary and General Manager, mention v,s,tor S ' hand book. Dansville, Livinsgton Co., N. Y. VISITORS HAND Bi >< »k 45 VCA DF.MIC II \ 1 I , Si II ,(, VI SITORS' HAND Lil >OK. ing, just completed, near the Library. Here we register our names, if we choose, and se- curing a guide, start on our tour of inspection. We first visit the Library and Rending Room, which is in what was, until recently, the office building, built in 1882. Here are many curiosities of African and Indian origin, neatly arranged in show cases; together with about 5,000 volumes, and many of the leading newspaper and periodicals of the day. From the Library we will go to Memorial Clmpel, one of the handsomest church edifices in the South. It was built in 1S87, by Mr. Elbert B Monroe, as a memorial to the late Mr. Frederick G. Marquand. Leaving the chapel we proceed to Academic H.ill, situated between the chapel ami the S< ience Building. This building was erected in [882 t0 replace the one destroyed by lire on the night of November 9th, [879. It is divided into class rooms oi different sizes, while on the upper floor is a large- room for prayer meetings and other purposes. After spending an interesting half hour or so listening to the recitations of both colored and Indian students — we will visit the Science Building j us i opposite, which is also used for class purposes : after t which we will stco over to the \ tSl ['ORS II \\h BOOK. 47 HUNTINGTON INDUSTRIAL WORKS, SCHOOL. )S VISITORS* HAND ]: OF ANGLING GOODS for i8gt is now ready. It contains a list of Chubb's Specialties NEW RODS, HEV REELS, HEW TACKLE, ARTIFICIAL FLIES, LITHOGRAPHED. Something every Angrier has loner wanted. To chow ovor Cno Hundred varieties of Artificial Flics in twelve colors, and exact size:, all done in the highest Style of tho art. We have New Articles on Fishing, Illustrated, written by Dr. J. A. Henshall, Rowland E. Robinson, Samuel M, Baylis, Ompompanoosuc, M. Ouad, Chas, Hallock, Rev. A. J. Hough, Ale.x. Starbuck, H. P. 1'fford, Geo. P. Goff, S. M. Gilinor, W. H. H. Murray, and Walt. McDougall. Send -1'icts. for Catalogue ; this may be deducted from first order for goods amounting to One Dollar, or more, by enclosing Coupon found in Catalogue. Address THOS. H. CHUBB, Th Fishing Rod Manufacturer, Post Mills, Vt. VISITORS HAND BOOK 53 r v.. -^ c-'. MlUlll"*!.' ■■■:..■'■.■;;;;*•;,■ £ : ?'*>:;-'W^S w BARN, SCHOOL. 54 visitors'hand book entire farming department is in charge of Mr. Albert Howe. We next visit the Indian Training Shops, situated in the rear of the Barn, on the corner facing the main road to Hampton and Old Point Comfort. The Carpenter Shop is in the large one-story frame building, while the main brick building contains on the first floor the Harness Shop ; on the second floor the Shoe De- partment. The Tin Shop is in a low frame building near the Barn There is also a Paint Shop connected with this department. I In a brick building in the rear of the Barn is the Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop. These buildings were finished in 1883. The Technical Shops in the building b'etween the Carpenter Shop and Holly Tree Inn, will be removed to the Huntington Industrial building as soon as the necessary additions are completed. In these the rudiments of carpentry, blacksmithing, bricklaying &c, are taught. The Gymnasium, This Building is between the Indian Training Shop and the Boiler House. In the rear of the Gymnasium is the Holly Tree Inn, where the boys can procure simple refresh- ments at a moderate cost. VISITORS HAND BOOK. 55 WINONA, SCHOOL. 5* VISITORS HAND BOOK Tine Hospital is situated between the Gymnasium and the Office building-. Tire Laundty is situated in the rear of Virginia Hall. Here the washing and ironing for the entire school is done. Trie Colored Girls' Cottage, of which we give an illustration on another page, was built in 1886, and has accommo- dations for 50 scholars and 10 teachers. It is located to the right of Virginia Hall. GAR MEL At the foot of Mt. Carmel, a Mission Society has taken ad- vantage of the superior OLIVE )}( OIL '•»"- made in Palestine to support itself by the manufacture of an ex- ceptionally fine Olive Oil Toilet Soap, which they ship direct to their Agent in New York It is favorably known in America as ) — ^contains no adulteration, and is not artficially perfumed, depending tor popular fc favor on the fact of its absolute purity. Possessing the emollient properities of OLIVE On' it is unsurpassed for the Toilet and Bath, and superior to all other Soaps for the Teeth and Hair It is the ONLY PERFECTLY SAFE SOAP for the NURSURY and Invalids. If your druggist does not keep it send fifteen cents for sample cake to the importer, [Mention Visitor's Guide Book. 1 a w i mrTriM r- <-» r> i *-..■_ , ... », A, KLIPSTEIN, 52 Cedar.Street, New York. VISITORS HAND BOOK 57 VIRGINIA HALL, SCHOOL. 5$ visitors' hand book. In the rear of the Principal's residence is the Girls Recreation Hall, a cozy, well lighted, well ventilated, room, where the social gatherings are held. Connected with it is a Kitchen, where the girls are given lessons in cooking. But two more buildings remain for inspection, both of which are used as dormitories for female students. The first one we visit is Winona Lodge, which was built in 1882, and is intended for Indian girls. On the first floor is the sewing room, assembly room and reception room ; the upper stories contain dormitories. After inspecting the neatly kept rooms, we next visit Virginia Hall, which is connected with Winona by an enclosed walk, and proceed to the front porch where we witness the marching of the students to dinner, headed by the School Brass Band of 16 pieces. After all the students have filed into the long dining room, we enter with the rest of the visitors. At the whir of the electric bell, all is silence, until at a signal, the whole school join in singing a hymn of thanks ; after which, the students are seated, and are soon doing ample justice to the abundance of healthy and nourishing food that is placed before them. This building is 190 feet front by 40 feet in width, with a wing running 100 feet to the rear. In the basement is the Bakery and Commissary department. The first floor con- tains the students' and teachers' dining rooms, &c. The second and third floors contain the rooms of the teachers and colored female students. Teachers' and students' parlors are on the second floor ; and a large, well lighted chapel, capable of accommodating eight VISITORS HAND BOOK. 59 ?f':J"' P '" "" '" ;; '^'.-^x. ^J^^mWW^^V9iW^ girls' cottage, school. 6o visitors' hand book hundred people, is on the third floor. Virginia Hall was built in 1874, partly through the efforts of the "Hampton Singers," in a three year's singing campaign. It is the largest and handsomest building on the grounds and contains every convenience. The bricks, about seven million in number, used in all of these buildings, were made on the school grounds. In the rear of Virginia Hall is the Gas House ; which furnishes gas for all the princi- pal buildings on the place ; having a capacity of over 1,000 lights. This department is in charge of Mr. E. O. Goodridge. The steam for heating, cooking and power is supplied by a nest of boilers located in a brick boiler house between the Saw Mill and Machine Shop. Underground pipes in brick arched drains, extend to all the principal buildings on the place, thus reducing fire risk, and adding to the comfort, convenience and utility of the institution. We next drive to the "Whittier" School House, on the site of the old "Butler School," at the entrance of the School grounds. The build- ing is a handsome frame structure, and contains every convenience necessary for the pur- pose for which it is used. It was erected in 1887, at a cost of $15,400. It is used as a day school, and is maintained by the county six months in the year, and for three months by the Normal School, which supplies its teachers. The best time to visit it is about 1 1:30 p M. There is kitchen garden drill and singing from 12:30 to 1:301-. m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays. VISITORS HAND BOOK. 61 ' iitpfe »s*»8 ftreSbs^/V ^ — ^ i oft- S .. - .*; . ■ ■"* ... principal's residenxe. 62 VISITORS HAND BOOK [The "Whittier," School was destroyed by fire on the evening of March ist, 1890. Noth- ing was left standing but the brick foundation walls. It was rebuilt at once, on the plan of the former building, with but slight modifications, and re-opened in November, 1891.] It might be pertinently asked here, who is the head of this vast and complete system of training, not only for the the institution are taken care of by the Treasurer, Mr. F. N. Gilman, and the general head but for the hands also, if! The prime mover in the mat- ™- ter is the Principal, General S. C. Armstrong, largely through whose efforts the School has grown to sucr proportions as to challenge the admiration of all who an interested in the welfare o! the two races for whom it is designed. The finances of business details are looked after closely by Mr. F. C. Briggs, the Business Mana- ger, while the various de- partments are presided over by skilled and competent workmen. The main question asked by visitors is, "What be- " WHITTIER "'SCHOOL. comes of the Indians after their course at the Institution is finished, and they return to their homes?" From a recent official report of the school, we find that of 345 Indians, who since 1881 have returned from Hampton to their homes, but a very small proportion have been unsatisfactory. Most of them are doing well, and some very well. Their sue cess depends largely on the agent's interest and care for them. VISITORS HAND BOOK 63 ",02 -s-"" ss5 v an " a "^?g £ WIT i^M\^ : V/ «f IP, Y^'A .^ 6 4 VISITORS HAND P.OOK The Record of those now living in the West, to July, 1890, is as follows : Excellent, 61 ) ) Good, 173 > 266 satisfactory. | Fair, 32 ) | Total r/ j ' _ [ 25 unsatisfactory, They are now employed as follows : Regular teachers ------- Catechists of Episcopal church - - Episcopal or Presbyterian missionaries Physicians, nurse, school employees - Agency farmers ------- police - -___- " herders ------ ! 9 1 Agency clerks --------- 1 stables and stock, in charge - - 4 U. S. Infantry -------- 1 " scouts and interpreters - 3 " drivers -------- 3 " surveying force ------ 5 Working at trades ------- 18 Working their own farms ----- 63 Cattle raising — their own stock - - - 7 Running stores of their own - 2 Pupils at other schools ----- 35 Girls well married, in good homes - - 42 In 25 of these homes, both husband and wife are Hampton students. Having hastily inspected the workings and progress of this famous institution, we enter our carriage and are driven along a level shell road for about half a mile, passing on our way several modern dwellings, but the majority are one and two-story frames. Some few of them bear the stamp of ante-bellum days, but many of them are neat looking and the gar- dens in front kept in good order. Just at the turn of the road we pass, on our left, the old Tyler mansion, the former country residence of the ex-President ; and soon come to the Bridge, spanning the Hampton river, erected in January, 1891. The location of the bridge is about forty feet north of where the old bridge stood, which was burned during the war Over the bridge we are in the town of Hampton, a brief sketch of which we will now give. VISITORS HANI) BOOK 65 &^.j* r§;;!lMilli Wmhmii SB ™>4!&«B 'l Shellbanks Industrial Home. Hampton. When the renowned Capt. John Smith first visited the site of the present town of Hampton, he found it but a small village, containing about eighteen houses, bovering but hree acres of ground. It was then called Kecoughtau, after a small tribe of Indians, who at that date numbered but about twenty warriors. Here he and his little party stopped in July, 1608, and were entertained by the natives before starting on their voyage of explora- tion up the Powhatan. The village was settled by the English as early as 16 10, although its modern name was not bestowed upon it till its establishment by law as a town in 1705. In the colonial days it was a place of some importance for the shipment of produce and the importation of British goods and manufactures. In a work called "Notes on Vir- ginia," published in 1794, by Thomas Jefferson, in answer to the query, "Which are the principal towns of Virginia ?", Hampton is mentioned in connection with Norfolk, Rich- mond, Petersburg and other towns — thus proving that it must have been a place of some importance. We doubt if any town or village of the same size has passed through so many and va- ried vicissitudes as the town of Hampton. One of the earliest engagements of the Revolu- VISITORS HAND BOOK. 6 7 ■«^H-4 \ii. TTbra^of congress Wr^% tfj&.'".; J !.*£-*&'■ -C