ass A -^ ^— ^ LU — :)()k,JlLS^4- PRESENTED BY \c^Ol T H B '^V'?'^ AND OTHER FAMILIES. AS ILLUSTRATED BY EXTRACTS FROM WORKS IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARIES, AND ORIGINAL LETTERS AND MEMORANDA IN THE POSSESSION OF CHARLES B. TIERNAN. r >: T) 1^ X K D l!A[/m.('HK, wir.iJA.Ar .1. (iAr,r,Ki{Y \ cn^ I'.KIl. \q' p. A'lthor. ^Person''. THr-; xi-:\v cHrKCH of killtehxax. • •orvrv OF i)['i'.i.iN. <^2^€^a^^. y^, ^^^2^- THE TIERNAN AND OTHER FAMILIES. THE FAMILY OF TIERNAN belongs to the County of Meath, Ireland. The name is Celtic; "Tier," or "Tierua," signifying "Chief;" and "nan" being merely a termination. See "Celtic Dic- tionary." The name frequently occurs in early Irish history, and there are several well-known legpnds connected with the family. One of them, called "The Blue Knight and the Princess Mora, on Lough Mora," was reprinted from "The Irish People" in ^^ The New York Freeman's Jour- 7ial," of March 5, 1864, and is given in the Appendix. Another concerning the Princess of Brefni, is com- memorated in "Moore's Irish Melodies," in the poem commencing "The Valley Lay Smiling Before Me," and some members of the family are still prominent in Drogheda, and its neighborhood, in Church and State. In the Dublin Penny Journal for 1829, there is an engraving of the "New Church of Kill-Ternan," or TIERNAN. properly, '"Kill Tiernun," from which the Picture here, is taken. It says : "In the prefixed engraving, we present our readers with a view of another of the new Churches, erected within a few years, in the County of Dublin. "Its style is the same, new and fantastic Gothic, observable in all those structures ; but as its pretentions are less, its faults are possibly fewer ; and in its general form, it is an appropriate, as well as pleasing feature, in the quiet and romantic scenery in which it is situ- ated. "It has a stone roof, and is built entirely of the granite of the district ; a beautiful material, the value of which has been only recently appreciated. "Killternan, or properly Kill Tiernan ('Kill,' in the Irish language signifies 'Church.") The Church of Tiernan, is a very ancient parish ; and its original Church, a small, but picturesque ruin of the earliest Christian times, still exists; and is situated about a quarter of a mile from the new edifice. "The parish is at present a vicarage in the diocese of Dublin, and is now united to the old parish of Kil- gobbin, which was lately a curacy, and in which the Church, which till lately served for both parishes, was situated. It was taken down upon the erection of the present building. — G." ".7'/(e uVew York Herald,'' of January 23, 1882, has the followino- Kotice: "Very Kev. Canon Tiernan. "The Very l\ev. Canon Tiernan, of Drogheda, Ire- TIERls"A]Sr. land, an Eminent ecclesiastic of the Roman Catholic Church, has jnst died at an advanced age. "Although only a parish priest, he was iuve&ted with the dignity of Primate of Ireland. "He was a very active and efficif^nt supporter of the Anglo-Irish whig party in politics." Some of the family immigrated to America during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Patrick Tiernan, a cousin of Luke Tiernan, was in the Revolutionary Army. Upon the West side of the Dining Room, at Mount Vernon, now the New York Room, is the large Picture of Washington Before Yorktown, by Rembrandt Peale. There is a separate description of it, as well as a mention of it, in the "Visitors' Guide to Mount Vernon," on page 28. The description says : 'WASHINGTON BEFORE YORKTOWN. "BY "Rembrandt Peale. "This Equestrian Portrait of WASHINGTON, ac- companied by Generals Lafayette, Hamilton, Knox. Lincoln, and Rochambeau, represents him in the act of giviag orders to commence the entrenchments before Yorktown, the scene of the concluding act of the great drama of the Revolution. "The particular design of the painting is to com- memorate GEN. WASHINGTON'S decision of chnrac- 8 TIER 5f AN. ter, as illustrated by the following incident, related to the artist by Col. Forest, of Germantown, a member of Washington's military family, who was present on the occasion : "Washington, with his Generals, having surveyed the ground and decided on the spot, rode to his tent, took a hasty meal, remounted with his staff and rode back to the ground, where he found nothing done. In a voice unusually loud, he called to Col. Tiernan, Chief Engineer, who rode u]) to him, startled and pale. 'Sir,' said AVashington, 'did I not order the entrenchments to be begun here ? If they are not begun in ten minutes, I shall know the reason why!' In ten minutes there re two hundred men at work." "The pre-eminent correctness of this Portrait of the Father of His Country, is proved by the following testimonials of his intimate contemporaries. "Chief Justice Marshall said of it : "I have never seen a Portrait of that great man which exhibited so perfect a resemblance of him. "The likeness in features is striking, and the character of the whole face is preserved and exhibited with wonderful accuracy. It is more Washington Mniself than any portrait of him I have ever seen." "Judge Thatcher, in a letter to Mr. Peale, says : "It revives in my mind a pleasing recollection of that noble and expressive countenance and dignified presence, which, during the Revolutionary War, I so often contemplated with veneration and delight. "The appearance of General Washington, when mounted on his lofty steed, was inimitably majestic and 2 M ^ 9. 5 ^ TIEKNAN. 11 graceful, and your Equestrian Portrait, representing him at Yorktown, is strikingly characteristic, and forms a spectacle peculiarly sublime and interesting." "Mr. Charles Wilson Peale, the Father of Rem- brandt Peale, and one of the most distinguished Amer- ican Artists of his day, expressed his opinion thus: "Notwithstanding the celebrity of the last Portrait by Stuart, and the success of my last Original, both of which were painted in 1795, I feel assured that my son, after repeated attempts, during many years, has succeeded in producing a Portrait of Washington that surpasses all others ; particularly his Equestrian Por- trait, which is the most perfect likeness of him I have ever seen, true in form, and fine in the expression of his countt-nance." The elegant walnut frame was made for it from a tree grown upon the farm of Eobert Morris, the financier of the Eevolution. The painting was executed by the Artist, with the hope of placing it in the National Capitol. This picture of the Dining Eoom at Mount Ver- non, is taken from one in "The Illustrated Americati," of February 20, 1897. Patrick Tiernan married in Hagerstown, April 22, 1782, Margaret, daughter of ]\lichael McKernan. Their eldest son, Michael Tiernan, died in Pittsburg; Francis Tiernan was a tea meachant in Philadelphia ; and Peter Tiernan was a trustee of the Catholic Church in Natchez, Mississippi. Eliza Jane Tiernan, daughter of Michael Tiernan, became a Eeligious, as Sister Xavier, and Avas the / 12 TIEKKAN". foundress of the Order of the "Sisters of Mercy," in the United States. The following is a Notice from one of the religious newspapers, of the celebration in 1893, of the fiftieth anniversary of their establishment. "The Foundress Of The Sisteks Of Mercy. "On the 12th of the present month, the Sisters of Mercy celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the estab- lishment of their admirable institute. "They were first introduced into the United States, in 1843, by Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor, of Pittsburg, and have since spread rapidly in many parts of the country. The first American member of the Order was Miss Eliza Tiernan (Sister Xavier), the daughter of a wealthy merchant, who became a great benefactress to the struggling community in Pittsburg, bestowing upon it the large property bequeathed her by her father. The Mercy Hospital in that city was opened in IS-i?. The following year, the typhus appeared and several of the devoted religious fell victims to their charity in at- tending the sick, among whom was Sister Xavier. "It is not our intention to sketch the history of the Sisters of Mercy in the United States ; but we have thought that this brief notice of their holy foundress would be read with special interest at this time. We may say, however, that the rapid diffusion of the Order over this country is almost unequalled in the history of re- ligi>>us communities in the New World, and that none has been more true to its mission. TIEKNAN. i:} ''Thus niiuiy years she lived a Sister of Mercy; fre- (jueiiting Lonely and wretched roofs in the crowded lanes of the city, Where distress and want, concealed themselves from the sunlight ; Where disease and sorrow, in garrets languished ne- glected." — Lomjfelhni' 's '■'Eiuouiclinc." Mr. ('. W. Hamilton, of Omaha, Nebraska, has a record of this l)ranch of the family. 14 TIEKNAN", Paul TiERSTAi^r, was born in the County of Meatb, Ireland, in 1728. He died ]jear Dublin, in 1819. Luke Tieknan, bis son, was born in 1757, near the battle field, on the river Boyue. ('. B. Tiei-nan has a memorandum in the hand- Arritiiig- of his uncle, William Tiernan, which begins as follows: "Dilabitnr res familiaris." Cicero. Paulns, avus mous, natus Comite Meath, in Hibernia, ad annum 1728 : obiit juxta Dnblinianse, 1819. "Pater mens, Lucius, filius dicti, natus eodem comite, 1757, obiit, 10 Novembris, 1839. Anne, mater mea, uxor dicli Lucii, nata est in Comite Washingtonii, Stat: Mary- landicTB, 1776 : obiit 20 mo die Februarii, 1841 : quorum filius tertius, prinmm lucem vidit, sexto die Octobris MDCCCIX, in studio legum versari incipit mense No- vembris MDCCCXXXVI. "Ann et Michslis, soror fraterqne a Florida* (St. Augustine) redierunt, cum patre, mense Martis 1834. Ann, obiit Aprilis : Michaelis obiit mense Maii, eodem anno." Willit^m Tiernan was considered by some persons, as being the most gifted of Luke Tiernan's children. He was a man of higb character, had a discrimin- ating and intelligent appreciation of Literature, and contributed many Articles in the way of literary curi- osities, to the Catlwlir Mirror and other newspapers and Magazines over the signature P. N., from which he re- ceived the nickname of "The Parson." He was very *Colonel L. T. Brien, has some very interesiing letters concerning this trip to Florida. 7^'^^^^^?s^rjv "^-*^";::v ^^^^^-^^^^^^^^ i/c C'^yl^'g^t:<,-<.>(^^ /// s- TIERNAN. 17 intiniiite in the family of his cousin, AlcxundHV Xeill, in Hagerstown. He died iinmarried March 18, 1863, at the house of Mr. Pochon, on Saratoga near Park Street, where he lived for a number of years. Luke Tiernazst came to America about 178-1, and is believed to have settled first in Hagerstown ; prob- ably because some members of the family were already there. Plis picture in this book is taken from a portrait of him, which was presented by C. B. Tiernan to the Hibernian Society, and which is now deposited by them in the Gallery of the Peabody Institute. The plate, and that of Charles Tiernan, were made for a "History of Baltimore," by S. B. Nelson, for which C. B. Tiernan was requested to furnish a sketch of his family, and these portraits. The picture of C. B. Tiernan, was taken from one made for the "Souvenir Volume of the New Court House of Baltimore." Luke Tiernan had some literary taste and quite a good library; and his signature is taken from one in his fine copy of "The Spectator" in eight volumes. In "Scharf's History of Western Maryland," vol- ume II., page 1302, among the "Notices of Some Early Marriages," is: "1793, January 6, by Rev. Mr. Cahill, Luke Tiernan, merchant, to Miss Nancy Owen, daughter of Mrs. Owen, of Hagerstown. C. B. Tiernan has the two wedding rings, the bride's and the groom's, which were used on this occa- sion. 18 TIERNAN. The inscription in the bride's is ''L. T. married to A. 0. 6th January, 1793. Ann Owen, the wife of Luke Tiernan, was boi-n in 1776 ; married January 6, 1793 ; died in Baltimore Feb- ruary 20, 1841. She was the daughter of Robert Owen, who was born August 1, 1750 ; married Rebecca Sweariugen 1773. They had issue: Kennedy Owen, born February 4, 1774; who married Agnes Riddell: Ann Owen, who married Luke Tiernan, and Sally Owen, who mar- ried Alexander Neill, of Hagerstown, Md. In the "Maryland Archives," volume I., page 43'2, "Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Safety,'* it says : "Monday, May 20, 1776. Commission issued by the Council, to Robert Owen, appointed Captain of a Com- pany of Militia, in the lower District of Frederick County, belonging to the 16th Battalion." And on page 356: "Commission issued hy Council of Safety, to Charles Swearingen (brother of Mrs Robert Owen,) First Major of 36th Battalion." Agnes Riddell, the wife of Kennedy Owen, was the daughter of Robert Riddell, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, who came to this Country, from Scotland, shortly after the Revolution. Robert Riddell married Mary Hawkesworth, and had issue: Robert Riddell, Jr., who married Miss ■ -Dalrymple; Mary Riddell, who married James Abercrombie of Philadelphia, and Agnes Riddell, who married first, Kennedy TIERNAN. 19 WEN", and had issue: Rebecca Owen, who married first, Charles Epward Smith, a son of Judge Smith of Philadelphia, and had issue: Mary Yates Smith, who is buried in Greenmount Cemetary ; She married second, James Joyce Grogan. Kennedy Eiddell Owen, who married Anna Maria Tilghman. Mary Owen, who married first, James Lyon ; second, William Henry Norris. Ann Boyd Owen, who married Sidney Allen of Clarke County, Virginia, and Agnes Owen, who married Captain Richard Lloyd Tilghman, U. S. Navy, Kennedy Owen, died in 1817, and his widow married Hugh Boyle. Robert Riddell, Sr., had a Brother, Alexander RiDDELL, who was a prominent Merchant in London. He died unmarried, June 3. 1825, and a Tablet was erected to his memory, in the Cathedral of Glasgow, in which City he was born. Robert Owen, was the son of Lawrence Owen, who was born April 20, 1714 ; married Sarah (Kennedy ?) 1738 ; and "departed this life. May 2, 1761, at about one o'clock in the afternoon," as stated in the family Bible, now in the possesion of Alexander Neill, Jr. Lawrence Oaven lived in Frederick, Md. His will, proved June 8, 1761, is recorded in Annapolis, in Liber D. D. No. 1, folio 375. In it, he mentions his wife Sarah; his daughter Elizabeth, wife of William Offutt; daughter, Ann Hoult; son, Robert Owen; and daughters, Mary, Bar- bara, and Rachel Owen. 20 TIERNAN. His wife, Sarah, and brother, Edward Owen, are made his executors. Lawrence Owen was probably the son of the Rev. Robert Owen, who succeeded Rev. Tubman, in St. John's Parish, Frederick, in 1703. The Owen family immigrated to this Country from Wales, about 1684, and settled first in Pennsylvania. One branch removed to Maryland about 1700. Mr. Charles E. Grogan has taken great interest, and has collected much imformation in regard to the Owen family. VAK SWP:RINCtEX. 21 Rebecca Swe.vrikgex, born \n lT-i!i]timore and Mr, Peim, attending, were called in, and both |»arties being heard, my Lord Baltimore gives their Lordships an account, that in the year 1()4"-^. one IMov- •den sailed iip Delaware river, and did not see any house there at that time, as is affirmed in a deposition pro- dueed by Mr. Penn : And a Report of the Commissioners ■of Foreign Plantations dated April 4, 1(5.38. touching the differences between Lord Baltimore and Mr, Clai- borne about the Isle of Kent, is offered. "After which the deposition of Mr. Van Swearin- gen, concerning the seating of Delaware bay and river, to the southward of the Fortieth degree of latitude, by the Dutch and Swedes, was read and their Lordships determined to take the matter into further considera- tion, on Thursday next. "The Relation of Mr. Gerrett Van Swearingen, of the ('ity of St. Mary's, concerning his knowledge of the seating (that is, settling with people,) of Delaware Bay and River, to the southward of the Fortieth decree of Latitude, by the Dutch and Swedes, viz : "In the year of 1648, the Dutch having had bad success in the North river, from which they had been driven by the New England men, they resolved to look towards the south, and having information of that river called Delaware, formerly bought by one Mynheer 32 VAN SWERINGEN. Godiii, from the Indians, a sloop was fitted out with some cargo to trade with the Indians of that river. "These men or traders, as I was informed, came ashore with their goods, and traded with the Indians frequenting much with the Indian women, and so they named the place Whorekill. "They returned home, and ventured a second time, with a considerable car;.o, and went some ten or twelve miles higher, were they landed, and traded with the Indians; trusting the Indians to come into their stores, asho e, and likewise aboard of their sloop, drinking and debauching with the Indians, until at last they were all barbarously murdered, and the the place was Christened with their blood, and it is called Murderer's Kill, that is. Murderer's Creek, to this day. (Kill is Dutch, for Creek.) "About the year 1640, they made a third voyage into the Delaware river, and cast anchor at a point near the mouth of the river, called Bointges Creek, but misliking the place, they went higher up, and cast an- chor at the sand point now called Newcastle. They per- ceived soQie four or five English families were seated about nine miles lower on the east side of the river, at a place called Elsinburgh, which Englishmen were sup- posed to come from Maryland or Virginia. "T'he Dutch much misliking this, resolved to go v,p the river as high as they could ; and there landed, setting up a post, with the ^lark of f he Dutch Wesi In- (Uan Company, by which they claim their title to the river; whereupon, by command of the General of the Manhattans, (now New York), they built a fort, on the sand point, where they first landed after their mishap in the bay ; this fort being so built for their security VAN SWEKINGEN. 33 against the Indians and Christians. One Andrew Hudde being the chief man, sometimes Secretary, sometimes Commandant ; and at other times, nothing at all ; being accoiding to behavior, turned out and put in again, ac- cording to pleasure; which person I knew very well, and have heard him and others discourse of what hap. pened and passed in his time. "In this manner they lived a long time, without any Government, till near the year 1752, when the Swedes did fit out a flyboat, with considerable cargo, with another small vessel filled with freeman and sol- diers; with a C4overnor called Mynheer Prince, and young gentlemen, passengers, besides a factor Henric Hurgan and Jacob Swanson who were to trade with the Indians. "Upon their arrival in the Delaware they asked leave of the Dutch to refresh themselyes with water to which the Dutch yielded — not imagining they had any design upon that jjlace. But the Swedes having got ashore, made the Dutch quit their possessions. "And then the Swedes, with as little right as the Dutch had before, possessed themselves of that river. "The Dutch \¥est Indian Company being very poor, and no ways able to encounter the Swedes, resolved upon a protest, which they made against the Swedes, for disposessing them of their possessions, which the Swedes little regarded. "After this the Company stated their case to the City of Amsterdam, and the City being full of money, resolved to assist the Company in order to restore them to their former possessions. "In the year 1654, the City of Amsterdam caused 34 VAN swp:iiiNGE]sr, a ship, called the Waegh, to l)e fitted out with 30 great guns, and manned accordingly, whereof was Commander Captain Fowing, which said Captain and other officers I knew very well, and had relation from some of them of what passed nt that time. "The Swedes, in the meantime, being interlopers, kept a trade with the Indians; and the fort at the sind point (Newcastle) being very inconsiderable, was en- larged by them, and called Casimir, and another fore built fi.e miles higher up called Christiana. "The head of the Chesapeake bay in Maryland was not at that. time stated and so the Marylanders did not take notice either of the Swedes or Dutch, looking upon them both to be only traders, and so, here today and gone tomorrow. "There being no navigation or road between the head of Chesapeake bay and Delaware bay by which means the Marylanders could be informed of the pro- ceedings of the Dutch and Swedes. "Then tlie Dutch Company repossessed themselvesj with the assistance of the frigate called the Waegh, which the City of Amsterdam had sent for that pur- pose. "In the meantime a ship arrived from Sweden, and hearing the Dutch had got their former possessions, took a great many Indians on board of their ship, uj^on the deck, in sight of the Dutch, and so, without any hinderance, passed by Fort Casimir, of which the Dutch had possession, and from which they might have sunk the Swedish ship, but they were afraid of killing the Indians on board ; for both nations, as well Swedes as Dutch, did strive to please, and not to disoblige the VAN SWERINGElsr. 35 Iiuluini^, in consideration of the trade upon which tliey wliolly depended. "The Swedish ship sailed up as high as Tenauni, hiding themselves in a creek, which, therefore, is called to this day, the Schuyl-KiU ; in English, Schuijl, Hiding — A7//, Creek. "The Swedes yielded themselves up, and most of their officers went home, except their Captain and Lieu- tenant Henry Hengen, and Heer Lawrence their priest, all of which persons I know very well, and have had several times from them a fall relation of what was done in those days. "The soldiers remained in the country, as inhabit- ants, among the Dutch, who together made a consider- able number, and so became, as it were, a Colony or Common weal th . "The Company being indebted to the City of Am- sterdam for setting out a man-of-war in reducing the South river into their possession again, were resolved ,to make sale of their title to the said City which likewise was re(|nired from the other side; so both parties were soon agreed. The Company being rid of their uncertain title, did not only pay their debt, but had money to boot. "In fine the City of Amsterdam were made Lords and patrons of that Colony on Delaware river, whereof I myself have had a perusal of some papers concerning these matters. "A ship called the Prince Manrice was provided to go to said Colony, and a Governor and Council appointed, and a company of soldiers, consisting of about sixty men, put aboard ; and I myself was made supercargo, over the said ship and goods, there being the number of 36 VAN SWERINGEN. one hundred and eighty souls aboard the said ship, which sailed out of the Texel, the 25th day of Decem- ber, 1656. "The said passenge-s came into the Delaware, in a ship called the Beaver, hired at New York, after the ship Prince Maurice was lost; this was the 25th of April, 1657, when we took possession of the fort now called Newcastle, and the soldiers of the West Indian Company quitted the same. "After this. Captain Crigor being commanded to go to Maryland, then called by us Virginia, upon the Isle of Kent, the 11th of September, 1658, he returned again, and reported that the English Governor was pre- paring to come over to Delaware, whereupon good watch was kept, and the Fort put in r»^pair, and the fl'eemen of the town kept to their duty — but the Eng- lish desisted from their design. "The Governor and Ministers of State, in Mary- land, came to understand that the Dutch and Swedes increased in Delaware and that they began to make a settlement there, and that in time it would be a hard matter to remove them, or make them sensible that they were within the precincts of Maryland, which had not been much regarded before, by the officers in Maryland. For in my opinion, they considered the Dutch and Swedes, only as traders, not having any settled Govern- ment or Governor before. "Now, in the year 1659, Deputies were sent from Maryland, to the town of New Amstel (Newcastle). I myself then being one of the Council, and Commissary General for the City of Amsterdam, in that place. The deputies were. Colonel Nathaniel Uty, Major Samuel Goldsmith, and Mr. George Uty, with several persons VAJT SWERINGEN. 37 of note in Maryland, Jacob Young being interpeten Colonel Utv produced his letfcei's of credence, signed by Josias Fendall, and the protest was signed by Philip Calvert, wherein was set forth, as near as I can remem- ber, the injury done to Lord Baltimore, by their unlaw* f ul and forcible possession of those parts of his Lord- ship's province; and that his Lordship, against his will, would he obliged to use the extremity of arms, if that part of his country was not delivered up. Some copies of Records tending to his Lordship's purpose were produced, whereupon the deputies , ere dis- charged. "And upon the same day a report went all the town over, that Major Goldsmith, at the house of Mar- gret Davis a Scotch woman, did publicly proclaim to our inhabitants, that all land was henceforth to be taken up under Patent from Lord Baltimore, and the land taken up already, was to be held under him ; which was very ill taken by us, but upon consideration, we passed it by, for that time. "Again, in the year 1660, did appear at Amster- dam, in Holliind, Captain James Keale, a person deputied from Lord Baltimore, protesting in the name of Cecilius, Baron of Baltimore, in manner and form, as before the deputies had done in Delaware. "The Company was sitting then, in the New West India Housp, in Amsterdam; where the said James Neale, did appear, and ^jiotest, by Notarial Act, of the wrong done to his Lordship, by their Ministers of State in America, by usurping, and unlawfully possessing, a considerable part of his province of Maryland, espe- cially that part which was called Delaware : and de- manded the restoration of the said territories so unjustly 38 VAN SWEEINGElir. detained with satisfaction also for the injury his Lord- ship had sustained thereby. "The West India Company returned a proud answer; saying they possessed the same, by General Octe- roy (Dutch, for Patent or Grant) granted to them by the State of Holland ; and that they were resolved by virtue of that Octeroy, to defend their just and lawful title with such means as God and nature had put into their hands. "And the City of Amsterdam thereupon, did send us express orders to protest against the said English- men, and in case they would not remove, then to compel them by force of arms. "All this while we stood upon our defence, against Maryland. "The City of Amsterdam w^as very much discour- aged and did absolutely incline to leave and abandon the said Colony, as appeared by their writings, and the scarceness of goods and provisions they did send in : whereupon, I myself was deputied to Holland, for a whole year residing there, to demonstrate the condition of the said Colony, and to encourage the City of Am- sterdam to go on with their design : which at last they undertook by a new resolution, and charged us strictly not to make division between our English neighbors and us, as may appear by their own letters written to the Governor and Council, at Delaware. "To which end, they ordered us to build a Fort upon Kitten Island, near where they did think the division might be ; yet notwithstanding, that division not to be absolutely conclusive, but provisional. For we did not intend to contest with Maryland, about my Lord Baltimore's patent, reaching to the Fortieth degree VAN SWERHSTGEN. '69 of Latitude, but at random, so near as we could draw a line, between the two Governments; we being informed that the Schnyll^ill did lie under forty degrees, far above Delaware town. "I myself could never hear them speak to what degree they pretended, when I was that whole year in Holland; neither did any such thing appear in their letters, only, Agree with youi neighbors in Maryland for fear of opposition from that side. "In the year 1664, arrived Col. Nicholas, sent out by his Majesty, King Charles II., whereupon the Fort and country wdve brought unler submission by Sir Robert Carr, as deputied with two ships, for that intent. "Sir Robert Carr did often protest to me, that he did not come as an enemy, but as a friend ; demanding, only in friendship, what was the King's own, in that country. "There was taken from the City and the inhabitants thereabout, to the value, so near as I can now remember^ of four thousand pound sterling, likewise arms, powder and shot in great quantity. Four and twenty guns were, the greatest part, transported to New York. "The Dutch soldiers were taken prisoners, and ffiven to the merchantmen that were there, in recom- pense of their services ; and into Virginia, they were transported to be sold, as was ere ibly reported by Sir Robert Carr's officers, and othrr persons there living in the town. "All sorts of tools for handicraftsman, and all plough gear, and other things to cultivate the ground, which were in great quantity ; besides the estate of Governor Debouissa and myself ; except some household 40 VAN SWEKINGEN stuff ami a negro I got away ; and some other mov- ables, Sir Robert Carr did permit me to sell. "Colonel Nicholas, understanding what Sir Eobert Carr had got at Delaware, took all again from the said Sir Robert Carr, when the said Colonel came there again in person, as I was informed, ivhen I was tcpon my way to Maryland. "There was likewise a boat dispatched to Wborekill, which there plundered and took possession of all effects belonging to the City of Amsterdam, as also what t e- longed to the Quaking Society of Plockhoy, to a very nail : according to a letter written by one of that Com- pany, to the City of Amsterdam. "I have ommitted what passed in the year 1659, when several of the Dutch came away from Delaware and sheltered themselves under the Government of Maryland ; some under the pretence that they could not get their living there ; and others, that we had no right to the land we inhabit( d. I myself went to Maryland to demand those persons back again, from the Lieuten-^ ant-General of the Province and from the Chancellor Philip Calvert, with whom I spoke, but could receive no satisfaction as to demand." Maryland S. S., May 12, 16o4. "Then came Garrett Van Swearingen, of the City of St. Mary's, Gentleniun, aged eight and forty years, or thereabouts, and having taken his oath upon the Holy Evangelists, by us in council to him administered, deposeth that what is herein contained and declared to be of his own knowledge, is the truth, of his knowledge, and what else is declared to be the report or rumor of those times, was indeed received by him as such, from VAN SWERINGEN. 41 credible persons, to be the dealings and transactions of those times, to the truth whereof the said Garret Van Svvearingen hath hereunto set his hand. "G. Van Swearingen. "At a Council held at Matapony Sewell, on the 12th day of May, 1684, the aforegoiug deposition was taken before us. "Henry Darnall, "WlILIAM DiGGES, "Nicholas Sewell, "John Darnall." The Decision of the Privy Council, in this case, was in favor of William Penn. On May 4, 1686, he was made sheriff of St. Mary's County, and on May 12, 1687 he was again made Shei'iff for the year ensuing. At a Council held March 12, 1687, "Garrett Van Swearingen and three others, were constituted a special Court for the trial of a Vessel with its goods and mer- chandise, which had been accused of transgressing his Majesty's laws of shipping and navigation." In 1688, he was made Alderman of the City of St. Mary's. In 1681, Philip Calvert, being Governor, there was a dispute between the Upper and Lower Houses of Assembly: and again in 1692-93 — there was a dispute between Lionel Copley, Governor of Maryland; and Sir Edmund Audros, Governor of Virginia; in both of which he was concerned, and on both occasions, he 42 VAX SWERINGEN. seems to have upheld the authority of the Lord Pro- prietor and of his Governor. He seems to have been a man of character and con- . sideration. "Swearingen Family Eecord." Maryland Archives, Volumes IL, V., VI., VII., VIII., XIIL, XV., XVII. and XIX. The references to him are entirely too numerous to be here given. Governor S'jarpe, of Maryland, writing to Governor Dinwiddle of Virginia, May 9, 1755, says : "Dear Sir : — "I take this opportunity of acquainting you that I left the General, Captain Orme and Colonel Washing- ton, this day sevennight, at Swearingen^ s Ferry, on their way to Winchester. * * * "I have not heard anything from the Northward. "That you have succeeded to your wishes with your Assembly, I am desirous and impatient to hear. 8end me early advice thereof, "And oblige yours, etc." This Ferry across the Potomac, between Virginia and Maryland, had been established by Thomas Swear- ingen, who, with his brother. Van Swearingen, had settled in Frederick County, Virginia, about 1734. The spelling of his first name, Gerrit, was changed to Garrett, and the Van dropped, and an "a" inserted in the last name to accommodate it to the English pro- VAN SWERINGEN. 43 nunciation. Van was even given as a first name to a number of his descendants. A Lettt^r is preserved among the papers of the late Henry A. Thatcher of Chilicothe, Ohio, written in 1758, by Geoi'ge Washington to Van Swearingen, to solicit his aid in Washington's Canvas for the House of Bur- gesses. Miss Anna Dandridge kindly referred C B. Tiernan to the "History of the Lower Shenandoah Valley," edited by J. E. Norris, which states that : "George Washington ran three times, in the County of Frederick, for the House of Burgesses, in which Frederick County was represented by two mem- bers. "The first time was in 1757, when he was defeated j the vote being, Hugh West, 271 ; Thomas Swear- ingen, 270 ; George Washington, 40. "The next year, on July 24, 1758, the vote was: George Washington, 310; Col. T. B. Martin, 240; Hugh West, 199; Thomas Swearingen, 45. "Again on May 18, 1761, the vote was : George Washington, 505; George Mercer, 399; Adam Stephen, 294. "There is a receipt in the possession of a citizen of Winchester, signed by the seller of a barrel of whiskey, to George Washington, in payment for said barrel, which was used during one of these elections. "The future 'Father of his Country' may have discovered between his defeat, in 1757, and his election one year afterward, that it was necessary to 'set 'em up for the boys,' and hence his increased popularity." 44 VAH SWERINGEN. "May 19, 1772, Lord Dunaiore gave commissions to Thomas Svvearingen, Van Swearingen, and others, as justices of Oyer and Terminer of Berkeley County ; which had just been organized out of a part of Fred- erick County." "April 3, 1777, Colonel Samuel Washington, (the next younger brother of George Washington,) in consequence of bad health, which rendered him unfit for public busi- ness, requested leave to resign his commission as County Lieutenant; which was granted; and Van Swearingen was appointed in his place. Philip Pendleton was ap- pointed in the place of Van Swearingen, who was Colonel of militia; and Eobert Carter Willis in the place of Pendleton, who was Lieutenant-Colonel of militia. "Colonel S. Washington entered the Continental Army two weeks later, and was a gallant officer to the close of the war." James Eumsey, the Inventor of the Steamboat, gave the first trial of his invention, on December 3, 1787, on the Potomac, at Shepherdstown. His boat was worked as by a Propeller. Side wheels were invented aftt^rwards by others. Hon. Alexander E. Boteler, in an interesting Article has given descriptions of many of the ladies and gentle- men, including General Horatio Gates, General Darke, and others, who were present on this occasion, and says : "Then there was another Eevolutionary officer near- by. Colonel Joseph Swearingen, a tall, robust, soldierly looking person ; with a Eoman nose, which rather over- VAN SWERINGEN. 45 shadowed the rest of his features. He was a kind-hearted gentleman, and greatly loved by the community in which he lived." There were intermarriages between the Swearingen and Cresap families, and great intimacy between some of their branches. Colonel Thomas Cresap, born 1702, the immigrant, had three sons, of whom Daniel Cresap, the eldest, married, in 1750, Euth Swearingen ; and Thomas Cresap, Jr., married Drusilla Swearingen. Luther Martin, whose wife was a daughter of Captain Michael Cresap; and his family, were on terms of intimate friendship, at Luke Tiernan's. After the death of his wife, he paid his addresses, but without success, to Mrs. Mary Hager, the widow of Jonathan Hager, Jr., after whose father, Jonathan Hegar, Sr., Hagerstown, at first called Elizabethstown was named ; the German vowels being transposed, as required by the English pronunciation. ■ Miss Ida Brent has a number of letters from Luther Martin, to Mrs. Hager, at the time that he was addressing her, and kindly gave C. B. Tiernan the following extracts from two of them. Mrs. Hager was the Grandmother of Mrs, Robert J. Brent. "Annapolis, June 3d, 1800. "My Dearest Madam : — " * * * I was a few hours in Baltimore last Sunday, and saw your amiable daughter at Mr. Tiernan's. I have the pleasure to inform you that she is well. * * *" 46 VAN SWERINaEN. "Annapolis, June 15th, 1800. "My Dearest Madam : — "It was with difficulty that I could be in Baltimore ou Saturday last. "I procured permission from Madam Lacombe for your amiable daughter to accompany Mr. Tiernan's family, and myself, to the play that evening, which she did, and spent the night with Mrs. Tiernan. "I Avaited on her on Sunday morning, and had the pleasure of leaving her in good health." Daniel Cresap, Jr., born 1753, Lieutenant in his Uncle, Captain Michael Oresap's company, married Elizabeth Swearingen in 1778. Their daughter, Kebecca Cresap, married James Ord, the father of Major-General Edward Otho Cresap Ord, and others. There was a report, widely circulated many years ago, that James Ord was the son of George, Prince of Wales, (afterwards George IV.,) and Mrs. Fitzher- bert, who had been married in December, 1785 ; and that he had been sent to this country under the care of Mr. Ord, a Yorkshire gentleman, whose name he adopted. Mr. Charles H. Browning writes to the ' Philadel- phia Times ;" "Philadelphia, July 28, 1883. "When collecting matter for my Book of Pedigrees of Americans of Eoyal Descent, (a copy of which is in the Peabody Library) the story of General Ord's descent from King George IV., of England, came to my knowl- edge, through a newspaper paragraph, which I mailed VAN SWERINGEN. 47 to the General, to question its correctness, and in due time, I received the following answer from him. "San Antonio, Texas, "July 27, 1877. "To Mr. Charles H. Browning. "Dear Sir : — "Your note and accompanying slips, duly received. "They had, in some shape, met my eyes before, and were considered worthy only of a smile. "My ancestors, as far as I can learn by studying the family tree, were good plain folk, loithout a taint of royal blood. "So please leave them out of your forthcoming work. "And oblige one of their descendants. "Edw. 0. C. Ord." Judge Ord, a brother of General Ord, told C. B. Tiernan, that he thought that every family had some lines that were stronger than others, and that he con- sidered the Swearingen, the strongest line in his family. 48 LUKE TIEKNAN. Mrs. Luke Tiernan was kiud and hospitable and charitable. She was President of the Baltimore Orphan Asylum, which was the first institution of the kind established in this city, and one of the first in the country, having been founded in 1778. In a frame over the mantelpiece in the Eeception Eoom of their large Building, No. 215 North Strieker Street, is the following List of "Managers Of The Baltimore Orphan Asylum. "Rev. Dr. Kurtz. "Mrs. Luke Tiernan, "Eev. Mr. Eeis. President. "Mr. Alexander Fridge. "Mrs. Hugh Boyle. "Mr. John Hoffman. "Mrs. F. Lucas. "Mr. Samuel Harden. "Mrs. Dr. Blake. "Mr. Luke Tiernan, "Mrs. Taylor. Treasurer. "Mrs. Nelms. "Mr. Evan Thomas. "Mrs. Nevins. "Mrs. Baynard." This fine Institution celebrated its one hundredth Anniversary, on May 18, 1899, completing in the lan- guage of ''Tlie Sun," a century of good work. This picture of Mrs. Tiernan is taken from a por- trait of her, in oil, which is signed, "J. Wattles, 1826." C. B. Tiernan wrote to Mr. Frank B. Mayer, to ask for some information in regard to the artist, and received the following reply : Mrs. Ann Tiernan. luke tiernan. 51 "Annapolis, May 24, 1898. "My Dear Mr. Tiernan : — "Mr. Wattles was a Baltimore artist, cou- temporary with Alfred J. Miller, Kuckle, etc.; and was an eccentric character, whose aim, "to get in the like- ness as strong as pizen," as he said, was realized in some very fair portraits, and also in his attempts to rival Miller in Indian subjects. * * * "I recall a portrait of Chief Justice Taney which he showed me ; but I have seen but few of his works. "I appreciate your kind mention of "The Burning of the Peggy Stevart," which was hung in the House of Delegates to-day. "Mrs. Mayer's absence, prevents her reciprocating your regards. "Very sincerely yours, "Frank B. Mayer. "Chas B. Tiernan, Esqr." Miss Eachel Cohen has a fine portrait of her Father, Mr. Benjamin I. Cohen, painted by Mr. Wattles, which is highly prized by the family. C. B. Tiernan presented this portrait to the Balti- more Orphan Asylum, in the Fall of 1899, and received the following acknowledgment from Mrs. J. Appleton Wilson: "Baltimore Orphan Asylum. "My Dear Mr. Tiernan:— "I write, both in my own name, and by request of the Board, to express our appreciation of, and thanks for the Portrait of your Grandmother, Mrs. Luke Tiernan, the second President of our Asylum. 52 LUKE TIERKAN "It will be most carefully j^reserved ; and we feel that you have put it in a place which is in itself largely a monument to her foresight and charitable care. Thanking you for the gift, and hoping you will .always retain a kind interest in our Asylum, "Believe me, "Yours cordially, "Mary W. Wilson, "President." Richard W. Meade, who was so prominent in Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, received his mercantile education in Luke Tiernan's office, and the two families were united by the strongest friendship. Rev. John Ryder, S. J., and Miss Margaret Meade were God Father and God Mother to Gay B., daughter of Charles Tiernan. Miss Salvadora Meade used to call Mrs. Somerville "Sister." She writes to Henry Vernon Somerville : "Washington, April 6, 1835. "My Dear Squire : — "Mamma esteems your taste and good judgment so highly, that she has asked me to solicit your candid opinion with regard to the 'Owing's Farm," an estate situated on the same road with the residence of Mr. Williamson (Lexington) at the distance of twelve miles from Baltimore. My brother George,* graduates at West Point in *Afterwards Major General George G. Meade. He commanded the United States Army, at the Battle of Gettysburg. LUKE TIERNAJf, 53 June. He is unwilling to stay in the Army, and pre- fers the active, life of a farmer. Mamma approves of ills choice, and is anxious to arrange matters immedi- ately. But as we are all to reside with this youthful patriarch, and assist him in planting the colony, she does not wish to take any steps unadvisedly or without ■due consideration. She was principally induced to think of it, from the conviction that Congress will never consider our Claim, or discharge the debt due to us by this govern- ment: and that she would do well to endeavor to increase the little, upon which she must now depend solely, for the support of her children. Mamma has been extremely ill of a rheumatic fever, and we were for some days with little hope of her recovery; but she is now convalescing sljwly, and as soon as the weather permits, will pay a visit to Balti- more and visit the place. * * * * And now that I have done with this stupid business, may I ask after my dear Sister, and her numerous pro- geny. It is long since I have seen her sweet face, but it is impressed on Memory's Leaf, with the magic charm of affection. The dear Squire and his lovely wife have fancied me no doubt, a traitor to my vows of friendship, but it is not so. Salva is as constant, as she is warm in her attachments. My sweet Sister I trust may never real- ize the expectation she expressed, that I would soon forget her. Give her my best, best love, and tell her if we remove to the farm, she may prepare herself to undergo the severe penance of a thousand kisses every time we meet, and that, I hope will be frequently. 54 LUKE TIERNAN. How many ApjjoUos and Vemis' do you now possess, my dear Squire ? Do you reccollect that funny letter you wrote me about little Elizabeth ? I often read and laugh over it, and wish for a glimpse at that happy B'oomsbury where I have spent so many delightful hours. "They are waiting to take my letter to the Post God bless you all — Kiss the children, and believe me. "Your ever attached and Sincere "Salva." Mrs. Ann Tiernan, died February 20, 1841. The following is an extract from a letter from Miss Margaret Meade : "Washington, Maech 18, 1841. "Mr Dear Mrs. Somerville : — "1 fear that you will think me not only unkind, but wanting in gratitude, in not writing to you before ; but ever since I heard of your affliction, I have been expecting to visit Philadelphia; and therefore post- poned writing, with the hopes of seeing you for a few momeuts on my way thei'e. "I did not know until Mrs Campbell Graham had been some days at my Sister's, that your poor Mother was released from all her earthly trials. It was told me unexpectedly, and though I was very much shocked, I could not mourn, as I knew that our loss was her gain. If there ever was an instance which should exempt a mortal from Purgatory, it is the one of your dear Mother. She had her trials of mind and body in this world, and proved true to all the afflctions of a LUKE TIERNAN". 55 wise Providence ; and I believe that her spirit soared to Heaven, the very moment she ceased to breathe, and that there she is a pure and holy soul. * * * * "Will you then not think unkindly of my not having written to you sooner, I have indeed thought of you often, but supposing that every day I would go, I deferred writing. My visit is now postponed and I hasten to let you see that you are not forgotten by your own friend Mag. * * * * * "Before the Inauguration every room in our house was converted into a bed-room, and it has more the appearance of ^ Hospital, than anything else. * * * "Our Pastor does not wish me to leave home until after I am Confirmed, and as I do not wish to do any thing he would not like, I have determined to remain until after that time. I shall go to the Convent next week for about two weeks and hope I may be improved by my visit. "I have much to talk to you about, and would like dearly to see you, if only for one half hour. Give my love to Tiernan, Ann Rebecca, and all your dear chil- dren, and believe me always, "Your Own Affectionate Friend, "Mag." 56 LUKE TIER]SrA]Sr. Luke Tiernan settled in Baltimore about 1790y and engaged in business as an importing and general commission merchant. The Baltimore Daily Repository, (which Avas the first daily paper published in Baltimore), of April 27, 1793, has this advertisement : "DAVAN & TIERNAN, "Have just imported in the ships Louis and Washing- ToN, from Liverpool, and the ship Thomas from Bristol, "a general assortment of "MANCHESTER GOODS, "Hardvvare and Cutlery, Sj)ades, Scythes, Sickles, Ja- panned ware, with a variety of other goods, which will be sold on very moderate terms, for Cash, or on the nsua' credit. ''Baltimore, April 27, 1793." The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- tiser, (which is now The Baltimore American,) of Sep- tember 17, 1793 : "DAVAN & TIERNAN, "Have just received by the Pomona from Liverpool, a General Assortment of Manchester, Leeds, Bir- mingham and Sheffield Goods. "They expect a further supply by the ship Presi- dent, from Hull, and the Betsy, from London, both of which are hourly expected. "■Baltimore, Septemler 16, 1793." LUKE TIERNAN'. 57 And in Tlie Maryland Journal, August 1, 1794: "The Partneeship heretofore subsisting between KiNGSMiLL Davazst and Luke Tiernak, under the firm of Davaist and Tiernan, is dissolved by mutual con- Qf 11 r ^ j^c ^ sfi ^ 5ic "The business will be carried on as usual by the subscriber, "LUKE TIERNAN. Baltimore, August 1, 1794." In the Federal Intelligencer and Baltimore Daily Gazette, Wednesday, May 20, 1795 : "L. TIERNAN "Has imported in the Commerce, from Liverpool, and Republican, from London, a handsome assortment of Spring Goods. ****** "He expects a further supply of Goods with a General Assortment of Hardware, Cutlery and Saddlery by first vessel from Liverpool. "L. Tiernan has received fifty hogsheads clayed sugars and forty-three hogsheads of coffee from Gauda- loupe. "Mav 19, 1795." In che same, September 3, 1795 "L. TIERNAN "Has imported in the Active, from Hull, a General Assortment of Cloths, Coatings, Plaids, Kerseymeres, and Swansdowns, of every description and price, which will be opened in the house adjoining 68 LUKE TIERNAN. Mr. Charles Ghequiere's in Market street, and there disposed of by the package or piece, on the most reason- able terms. "He expects a very general and extensive supply of Fall Goods by the next arrivals from London and Liverpool. "September 3, 1795. An effort was made to obtain a fac simile of one of 'these advertisements; but the rules of Maryland His- torical Society do not allow the original files of these Papers to be taken from their Room. Luke Tiernan was the first person engaged in the shipping trade between Baltimore and Liverpool. Two of his vessels, the "Louisiana" and the "Catlia- rine," were taken by the French about 1799, and Mr. James H. Causten, of Washington, who spent so much of his life in the advocacy of the "French Spoliation Claims" — which certainly was a just debt due by the Government of the United States — used frequently to come to see him upon that busmess. In the first "Directory of Baltimore City," pub- lished March 7, 1796, containing about 2,800 names, the population of LJaltimore being then about 16,000, is : "Tiernan, Luke, Merchant, 155 Baltimore Street." See Baltimore American, March 8, 1896, page 20. Charles Ghequiere lived at 157 Baltimore Street. This house was afterwards occupied for many years, by Robert Riddell, some of whose descendants still control the property. Charles Street, Baltimore, was called after LUKE TIERNAN. 59 Charles Ghequiere, who was a prominent shipping merchant, trading particularly to Germany. His great- grand-son, Charles G. Fenwick, has a large cut glass, covered Jar, with the inscription, "FLOREAT COMMERCIUM, "CHARLES GHEQUIERE, "NEAV BREME^sr GLASS MANUFACTORY, The 20 fh June, 1788." Mrs. Major-General George Crook, was very kind' to C. B. Tiernan, on account of her father, John Daily,, having received his training in the counting room of Luke Tiernan. Mr. Daily afterwards built "Daily's," or the "Glades Hotel," at Oakland, Md. Luke Tiernan's house, now No. 21 East Baltimore Street — built over by the Adams Express Company — was one of the landmarks of Baltimore. Li a work called "Points for Conveyancers," com- piled by L. M. Duvall, 1894, on page 10, under the head, "Plats, Lines, &c.," is : "Luke Tiernan's house, South side of Baltimore Street, West of Light Street, Liber, J. B., No. 1427, folio 281." The Hibernian Society of Baltimore, was organized in 1803. Mr, M. A. Mulliu has a newspaper report of the meeting in 1805, at Fulton's Tavern, at which the officers elected were: President, John Campbell White; Vice-President, Thomas McElderry ; Treasurer, George Salmon; Committee, David Stewart, Stewart Brown 60 LUKE TIERNAN. Luke Tiernan, James Kamsay, Eobert Moore, Thomas Dixon and John Campbell." His name is at the head of the List of the Incor- porators of the "Hibernian Society of Baltimore," in 1818. He was its first Vice-President, and upon the death of John Oliver, he was, on December 1, 1823, nominated by General Columbus O'Donnell, for Presi- dent, and held that office for ten years. The free school of the Hibernian Society was estab- lished during his presidency, and is the oldest free school in Baltimore. Charles Tiernan was Godfather for General O'Don- nell's son, Charles Oliver O'Donnell, who was named after him and Mr. Robert Oliver. He was appointed by the Legislature of Maryland, in 1797, one of the three managers of Baltimore City, under the Act, "To lay out and establish a Turnpike road from the City of Baltimore through Frederick County, to Elizabeths Town, (now Hagerstown,) and Williams- port, in Washington County." L. T. Brien writes, to C. B. Tiernan: "Urbana, Md., April 1, 1898. "My Dear Charley: "I have to thank you for your courtesy in sending me the Sunday American. "I noted Grandpa's (Luke Tiernan) connection with the building of the Baltimore and Frederick turn- pike, in March, 1797. "I have often seen his name, on a Memorial pillar, which is erected at one end of the very large stone LtTKE TifiRNAN. 61 bridge, which crosses the Monocucy, on that turnpike, some three miles east of Frederick." He was appointed June 17, 1802, by Thomas Jef- ferson, President of tlie United States, General Commis- sioner of Bankruptcy, under the Act of Congress, passed April 29th, 1802. His Grandson has the Commission ; which is signed by the President, and James Madison, Secretary of State. On May 21st, 1812, in pursuance of the action taken by the citizens of Baltimore, in view of the criti- cal state of the affairs of the Nation, in regard to its foreign relations, and in anticipation of the War with Great Britian, which was declared June 18, 1812, he was one of the Committee who signed the Kesolutions which announced that *'The sentiments of the friends of the integrity o£ the Union and of the Government should be publicly declared ; * * * * g^jjj ^.g pledge ourselves to support our Government at every hazard." These resolutions were ordered to be transmitted to the President of the United States. Early in 1813, the Chesapeake Bay was entered by a British squadron, under the command of Admiral Warren, and the City of Baltimore, not waiting for the action of the General Government, appointed a com- mifcte of seven, of which Luke Tiernan was one, with authority to expend the sum of §20.000 in the means of defence : but that sum being insufficient, a meeting of the citizens was called, and a loan not exceeding $500,- 000, was authorized ; and seven other members, among 62 LUKE TIEKNAN. them John Eager Howard, William Patterson and Eobert Gilmor, added to the Committee. He was one of the original Trustees of the Cathe- dral, and was instrumental in the purchase, from Col. John Eager Howard, of the ground upon which it was built, and his grandson has the following : "Baltimoee, 6th July, 1816. "Received of Luke Tiernan, three thousand dollars, on account of the lot of ground sold to the Trustees of the Catholic Church for building the Cathedral. "$3,000," "J. E. HowAED." Mr. Michael Jenkins has two Lottery tickets, which were issued for the purpose of raising funds for the building of the Cathedral, and of the Washington Monument. That for the Cathedral, dated 1820, is issued "By special authority of the State of Maryland, under the superintendence of the Commissioners appointed by the Governor and Council. ***** "(Signed) Luke Tiekistan;. "J. L Cohen, Secretary." In 1817 he was the first Treasurer of the Maryland Branch of the African Colonization Society, for the- voluntary transportation of free blacks to the Coast of Africa. In 1824 he was one of the Presidental Electors, for John Quincy Adams. He was a member of the National Eepublicau Con- LUKE TIERJfAN. 63 vention, which met iu Baltimore December 12th, 1831, and unanimously nominated Henry Clay for the Presi- dency, and the thanks of the Convention were unani- mously voted to Luke Tiernan and six others, members of the National Eepublican Committee. He was a warm personal friend and correspondent of Henry Clay; wdio frequently staid at his house, and who spoke of him as the "Patriarch of the Whig Party In Maryland." On February 12th, 1827, a call was made upon the citizens of Baltimore, to take into consideration the best means of restoring the Western trade which was being diverted from the city, and, on February 19th, in pursu- ance of the action taken at the previous meeting, Luke Tiernan was appointed upon a committee, consisting of a number of the most prominent citizens, to prepare nn application to the Legislature for an Act of Incorpora- tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which was the first Railroad charter granted in the LTuited States. The "Herald," one of his ships, brought the first loco- motive for the B. & 0. R. R. from Fngland. Luke Tiernan was a member of the committee appointed at the dedication of the Washington Monu- ment in Baltimore, November 25, 1829. On Tuesday, Decemljer 29, 1832, the citizens of Baltimore, regardless of party, met at the call of the Mayor to consider the Ordinance of Nullification, adopted by the South Carolina Convention. The Mayor, Jesse Hunt, was called to the chair. ei LITKE TIERNAN. A series of Resolutions was offered by H-ni. Isaac McKim, which recited, "That, the peace, safety and independence of these United States, depend essentially upon the preservation of the Union— and the support of the Constitution and form of Government established by the People: the only legitimate source of power. "That certain proceedings, characterized by unjus- tifiable violence, and based on a mistaken and rash policy, have taken place in the State of South Carolina ; which threaten disunion, all the horrors of Civil War, and eventually, the destruction of the finest fabric ever erected to liberty. "The PresideiTt of the United States, General An- drew Jackson, has issued his Proclamation, denouncing such proceedings, as unconstitutional and illegal, so far as they assume a paramount authority to Nullify an Act of Congress ; to interrupt the collection of public revenue, and to dissolve the sacred bonds of our Union. "An expression of opinion at this momentous crisis, is proper, and becoming a free people, and it is, "Resolved, That the proceedings of the State Con- vention of South Carolina, and the political principles avowed in the extraordinary and unprecedputed docu- ments, styled, 'An Ordinance,' are disapproved by this meeting, as tending to disturb the harmony of Go.vern- ment : menacing the integrity of the Union : violating good faith, and impairing, if not destroying, the pros- perity of the Union. ***=-:**" A Committee of twelve representative Baltimoreans, of whom Luke Tiernan was one, was appointed by the Chairman, to consider and report upon the resolutions. The Committee recommended the adoption of the LUKE TIERNAN. 65 resolutions, and that a copy be transmitted to the Pres- ident, and that they be published in the City papers : and it was unanimously so ordered. "History of Baltimore," by S. B. Nelson, page 84. Luke Tiernan died November 10, 1839. C. B. Tiernan has a Scrap Book of his Father, which contains a number of Notices of the death of Luke Tiernan, and the tributes to his memory speak of him as having been greatly respected and beloved, and strongly attached to the people and Government of this Country. Chronicles of Baltimore, History of Western Maryland, Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. It has been thought best not to encumber this Book with many references. All the Works referred to are in the Peabody or Mercantile, or Maryland Historical Society, or Bar libraries : where the statements are given in full, which it has been the effort here to abbreviate as much as possible. The desire of the writer is to give as little old and as much neiv and origincd matter as possible : and to make this Book interesting and acceptable to the gen' eral reader and to the public. The following is the account in ^^The Sun," of March 18, 1848, of the "ANis^IVERSARY SUPPER OF THE 'BALTIMORE Hi- 66 LUKE TIERKAl^r. BERNiAN Society,' on which occasion Henry Clay was the guest of the Society. "Hugh Jenkins, the President of the Society, gave the toast: ^'■'Tlie Hon. Henrij Clay. — America's distinguished Son, the Star of the West. Like the glorious King of Day, as he advances to his close, he casts a brighter radiance around his name.' "Mr. Clay immediately arose, amid the most deafen- ing cheers, and addressed the company almost verbatim as follows: — "Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Associa- tion : — "Whilst passing through your City on my return home, I received your kind invitation to be present on this interesting occasion — an occasion dear to every Irish heart, as well as to all who feel a sympathy for the many afflictions and wrongs of Ireland. •'This invitation, coming to me from an association the main object of which is to educate and provide for the children and orphans of the sons and daughters of Erin, and to smooth the rugged path of the poor and destitute emigrant, carried with it a claim to my atten- tion which could not be resisted, although other engage- ments were pressing on me. "For the favorable and complimentary sentiment which you have done me the honor to express in my be- half, as well as for the manner in which it has been re- ceived by the company, I feel truly grateful, and am at a loss for language properly to convey the feelings of my heart. "I have, during a life by no means short, been honored with the respect, love and friendship of many LUKE TIERNAN". 67 Irishmen ; u friendship that could never be brolven — bonded by mutual love and esteem that still causes the fond remembrances of some that are now no more, to cling to my heart strings \\ith still closer fervency as life speeds on to its clo&e. I have always found them true and unwavering friends of the hetirt, adhering sLill closer in adversity — always ready to support, sus- tain and encourage me in the different vicissitudes of life. Among those whom it has been my privilege and pride to claim as close and intimate friends in life, was the lately deceased and much lamented Porter,* of Louisiana, who bore in his breast a most noble and devoted Irish heart, distinguished throughout his adopted State and country as one of the great friends of man, but more especially of the poor and oppressed. I could also describe to you the unswerving friendship of a Wier, a Lacy and hosts of others, the rememberance of whose many and oft repeated acts of kindness through a series of years, can never be effaced. "Another whose friendship is fondly cherished, as it is also doubtless by many of those now present, was the amiable and philanthropic friend of man, Luke Tier- nan, of Baltimore, a man whose character I may hold up to your view as a true exemplar of the generosity, the hospitality and the noble devotion of Irishmen, wherever I have met them» "It is customary, en a festive occasion like the present, to propose sentiments to. the honor of great statesmen, men of scientific and literary attainments and of distiiiguished warriors who have led on their countless hosts to victory, amid deeds of heroic valor *Hon. Alexander Porter, born near Armagh, Ire- land, died in ISii. He was a Judge and U. S. Senator. 68 LUKE TIERNAK. aud noble devotion to the honor and glory of their Country. I propose, however, before I close to offer you a sentiment in honor of one who, though he has led on a whole nation to victory, has used no weapons but the weight of his religious character and the powers of moral suasion. "I allude to the great reformer of the age— -Father Matthew — a conquerer without armies, who is soon coming amongst us, fresh from his gigantic labors of love among the warm-hearted Irish — about whom there will linger somethin'^ of the deep poetical character of that people, which it will be good to inhale. He comes to us with a world-wide renown, distingu'shed for his un- bounded philanthropy, his many and unostentatious charities, which have secured to him a broad and en- during popularity with all classes and conditions, un- limited by diversity of religious opinion, or sectional bounds. He will be welcomed to our shores by eager thousands of all sects, parties, and localities, and by none more earnestly and devotedly than myself. I shall hope to give him a cordial welcome, and will take de- light in extending to him that hospitality and esteem due to the great and good man of Ireland, who in a few brief years has accomplished a century's work in the amelioration of his race — ^imparting new life, energy and enthusiasm to the great cause of the physical and moral regeneration of his countrymen. "My departure for home at an early hour in the morning, admonishes me that I must soon leave this fes- tive scene to prepare my physical faculties for the fatig- ues of travel, I will therefore conclude by offering the sentiment I proposed, which I am sure will meet with a cordial and hearty response from all present: — LUKE TIERXAN". 69 ^^'The Rev. Theobald Matthew — A safe arrival — a generous and distinguished reception to him in the United States.' ''The speech and toast were received with the most marked and unequivocal testimony of pleasure and admiration." Charles Tiernan received the following letter : — "Baltimore, January 19, 1864. ^^ Charles Tiernan, Esq.: "Dear Sir: — "I have been been advised to send you one of my circulars, assured that you would have the kind inten- tion, if not the ability, to astist my researches after the relics of other days. "I have a Check, in the handwriting of General Washington, to Luke Tiernan, and if you would like to possess it, I will exchange it for anything in my line, that you should be pleased to offer. "Hoping to hear from you favorably, "I am, "Very Respectfully, "Robert Spring," Accompanying this letter was a "Special Announce- ment," in regard to "Old Letters, Pamphlets, Bo'-ks, &c., by Robert Spring, Agent for Public and Private Libraries," together with a long Circular. Charles Tiernan told his son that he had not taken any steps in regard to this matter, and when C. B. 70 LUKE TIERNAN. Tiernan interested himself in it, and made such efforts as he could, he found that Mr. Spring had left Balti- more, and that his address could not be obtained. Mr. Martin I. J. Griffin writes to C. B. Tiernan : — " Philadelphia, April 3, 1896. "Dear Sir: u * * * There is a letter from Priest Prince Galitzin, to Luke Tiernan, in the Catholic Historical Society. It is framed. * * * " His children were : Maria Ann Tiernan, born March 18, 1794 ;: married by Archbishop Carroll, January 31, 1714, to- David Williamson, Jr., died September 18, 1865. David Williamson, Jr., born January 29, 1788^ married Maria Ann Tiernan^ January 31, 1814; died January 19, 1838. He served in the War of 1812'. They had thirteen children. Ann, born 1816, married, first by Archbishop Ec- cleston, November 1, 1836, to Albert Sfekamp. He died in 1838, and she was married second, April 18, 1843, by Rev. Father Coskery, to Alexander Young, she died in May, 1847, leaving one daughter, Mary Rebecca Young ; married at ^'■Lexington," by Rev, Thomas Foley, April 30, 1867, to John Henley Smith, son of Jonathan Bayard Smith and Henrietta Henley. LUKE TIERNAN. 71 Sarab Jost^phiiie, born 1819, married by Rev. C. I. White, January 15, 1850, to Dr. Henry Troup, died June 3, 1852, without issue. Luke Tiernau, born 1824, was married by Rev. Fr. O'Keefe, January 20, 1869, to Eliza Hamtramck, daugh- ter of Colonel John Francis Hamtramck, U. S. A., and Eliza Selby his second wife. He died June 5, 1879, leaving two daughters, Florence married to Edwin Ashley Lewis, and Gay Selby. Henrietta Maria, born August 28, 182G, was mar. ried by Archbishoj) Spah'ing, at the Cathedral, Balti- more, April 11, 1866, to Lewis Morton Montgomery, died August 3, 1887, without issue. Julia Johanna, born November 30, 1827, was mar- ried at ^^Lexington" September 14, 1864, to Jervis Spencer, died January 16, 1899, leaving one son, David Williamson Spencer. Rebecca, born June 18, 1834, was married by Rev. Thomas Foley, April 30, 1861, to Captain John Mullan, JJ. S. A., she died September 4, 1898, leaving three children, Emma Verita, Mary Rebecca, and Frank Drexel Mullan. David, born 1816, went to California in 1849, and died in San Francisco, November 20, 1869, unmarried. Maria Autoniette, born 1823, was greatly respected and beloved. She became a Nun of the Visitation Order, as Sister Mary Immaculate, died in Washington, Novem- ber 11, 1872. Charles Henry, born 1832, entered the Confederate Army, and was promoted Second Lieutenant of a Louisiana Regiment. He was mortally wounded in the Seven days fight before Richmond, and died there August 1, 1862, unmarried. 72 LUKE TIEKNAN. Virginia, born January 1, 1836, was very gentle and attractive, She became a Nun of the Visitation Order, as Sister Mary Lewis, and died in Kichniond, Va.. December 30, 1872. Elizabeth, born 1825, died 1826; Laura, born 1830, died 1832, and Albertina, born 1838, died September 11, 1850. David Williamson, Sr., born in Strathhaven. J^anarkshire, Scotland, November 7, 1753, was the son of John, and grandson of James Williamson. He came to America, with Ealph Abercrombie, in March, 1772, and settled in Baltimore, where he became a prominent merchant. He was one of the commis- sioners of the City in 1804. He served in the Eevolutionary War. He built a conntry home on the Keisterstown Eoad, seven miles from Baltimore, which he called "Lexing- ton," after the first battle of the Revolution, and where his family extended a large hospitality for three quarters of a century. He built a handsome Vanlt in the Cathedral Ceme- tery, adjoining that of Lnke Tiernan. Both are now similarly situated in the New Cathedral Cemetery of Bonnie Brae. He studied for the Presbyterian Ministry, but became a Catholic, after meeting Miss Henrietta Maria Mitchell, who was his first wife, by her he had seven children, four of whom died in infancy; the others were : Ann, born March 9, 1781, married James Thomp- son, died without issue. David Williamson, Jr., mentioned above. LUKE TIERNAN. 73 Henrietta Mtiriu, born July 6, 1790, married in 1812 by Archbishop Carroll to William Carroll, son of Daniel Carroll, of Rock Creek, and a nephew of Arch- bishop Carroll, she died, 1870. They had four children, Henrietta Maria, unmarried, David Williamson, married Melanie Scull, M»ry, married Benjamin Ellicott, John married Agnes Adams. David Williamson, Sr., married secondly, Juliana Johanna de Mulet, born near Bruges, Belgium. "The Balti'more Telegraph" of Wednesday, Decem- ber 16, 1795. says: "Married yesterday, by the Right Reverend Bishop Carroll, Mr. David Williamson, Mer- chant, to the truly amiable Miss Julia de Mulet, both of this town." By her he had nine children, three died young. The others were : Juliana, b«irn December 25, 1796, married, first, David Kilgore, of Ci ncinnati, Ohio. She married second, George Van Horn de Witt, of New York, she died June 6, 1866, without issue. Charles Alexander, born June 2, 1800, married in Annapolis, Md., May 1, 1832, to Ann Wyer, (widovv)^ nee Wedderstrand, of New Orleans, died December 14, 1878, without issue. Maria Antoinette, married May 16, 1821, by Arch- bishop Marechal, to Colonel John Francis Hamtramck, U. S. A. They had one child, Mary Rebecca, who mar- ried Notley Rozier De Courcey, of "Cheston," Queen Anne's County, Maryland, eldest son of William De Courcey and Eliza, daughter of Notley Rozier, of Not- ley Hall, Prince George's Co., Md. They had one child, Lily De Courcey. Notley De Courcey married second, Nannie Paca, daughter of John Paca. 74 LUKE TIERNAN. Maria Antoinette, died September, 1823, and Colonel Hamtramck married second, December 27, 1825, Eliza Selbj. George William, born February 2, 1803, married first, Mary Boerum, of New York, by whom he had three sons: David, married Mary Butler of New York, by whom he had five children. May, Butler, Josephine, De Witt, Georgianna, Agustus, who died abroad, unmarried, and George Williamson, Jr., who was educated in Europe, joined the Confederate Army in 1861, and served with great credit to himself and usefulness to the service. He was first in the Maryland Line, and afterwards was assigned to the Stal¥ of General John B. Gordon. He was killed at the Battle of Fisher's Hill, September 22, 1864. He was unmarried. George Williamson, Sr., married secondly, Mary Livingston, daughter of Van Brugh Livingston, of New York. By her he had no children. Adolphus, born January 10, 1806, entered the Priesthood, and was stationed in Boston, where he died in 1844. Joseph de Mulet, born August 1, 1807, married to Mary Boyle, in St. Joseph, Mo. He died in 1844, with- out issue. Rebecca, of whom later on. Chakles Tiernan, of whom later on. AiS'N' TiERNAN, born 1799, was married by Arch- LUKE TIERNAN. 75 bishop Marechal to Robert Coleman Brien, November 19, 1825, (lied 1834. They had two children ; Harriet, who died in in- fancy ; and Luke Tiernan Brien, who married in 181:7, Mary Virginia, daughter of G. B. Wilson of Baltimore, and is now living on his farm "Tyroue," Frederick County, Md. He served during the Civil War, in the Confeder- ate Army, as chief of Staff of General J. E. B. Stuart, and of General W. H. F. Lee, and attained the rank of Colonel of Cavalry. Robert Coleman Brien was the eldest so». of John Brien. John Brien was born in the Parish of Gargades^ County Tyrone, Ireland. He was the son of Edward Brien and Rebecca Coleman. John B)'ien and his brother, Edward Brien, came to ihf' United States towards the close of the Eighteenth Century,, with their Uncle, Robert Coleman, and settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; where Robert Coleman became a prominent Iron Manufacturer. The Coleman Drayton family of New York, are a branch of this family. Edward Brien remained in Lancaster County, and married Dorothy, daughter of General Edward Hand of the Revolution. John Brien removed to F"'rederick County, Mary- land, and married Harriet, the eldest child of Colonel John MacPherson, Sr., and Avith his Father-in-Law, established the Catoctin Iron Works of Frederick County, and the Antietam Iron Works, of Washington County, Maryland. 76 LUKE TIEKN^AN. John MacPherson Brien, second son John Brien, married first, Eebecca Salmon Meredith, daughter of Jonathan Meredith of the Baltimore Bar. He married second, Isabel Ann Barron, niece and adopted daughter of Eobert Gilmor, Sr. William Coleman Brien, fifth son of John Brien, married Katharine Hughes, of Mont Alto Furnace, Pennsylvania. She married second. Rev. Tryon Edwards, an Episcopal Minister of Hagerstown. His other children, Henry Augustus, William Byrd, Sarah, Harriet Smith, and James Smith, died unmarried. Catharine Tiernan, born 180S, married in 1831. Captain Frederick Chatard, of the United States and Confederate Navies. She died in March, 1840. C. B. Tiernan has a fine copy of the "Christian's Guide," which has written in it. ''To William H. Tiernan, from his affectionate Sister Catharine, March 27, 1840, in extremis." Their eldest son, Luke Tiernan Chatard, born October 18, 1833, studied Law, and formed a partner- ship with James L. McLane. He was rising in the profession, when he died of Consumption, January 2, 1860. He was engaged to be married to Miss Mary Schuyler, at the time. The Sun of January 4, 1860, has the following: "LAW INTELLIGENCE. "Superior Court. — Honorable E. N. Martin, Judge. "Elisha Warford and others vs. Eichard Colvin Warford. Action of ejectment, under the Will of the late Eachel Colvin. Before reported. — Argument LUKE TIERNAN". 77 on prayers contiiined by the Hon. Reverdy Johnson for the defendant. "After the conclusion of Mr. Johnson's argument, S. Teackle Wallis, Esq., rose and said : "May it please the Court — "I rise with deep regret to announce to your Honor and my brethern present, the death of Luke Tiernan Chatard, Esq., a promising and most estimable young member of this Bar. Mr. Chatard received his profes- sional education in my office, and for many years I have known him well, and have held him among mv most cherished friends. He was a young man of excel- lent abilities and attainments, and full of industry, energy and character. In his personal relations he was manly, affectionate and true, and his moral qualities were such as would have honored the most elevated position in any calling. Although, before his pro- tracted illness, he had entered upon a career of success, he has been by confinement and suffering, so much withdrawn from the intercourse and even the ac- quaintance of his brethern, that I have deemed it most appropriate, without the formality of a meeting of the Bar, to ask only that your Honor will be pleased to adjourn, out of respect to his memory, and direct the Clerk to enter this motion, and your Honor's order upon it, on the minutes of the Court. "His Honor, Judge Martin, expressed, in a few feeling and appropriate remarks, his regret at the un- timely decease of a gentleman so full of estimable qualities as Mr. Chatard, and said that the Court would gladly take the opportunity of testifying its respect for his character bj adjourning, as suggested, and by caus- 78 LUKE TIERNAN. ing the appropriate entry to be made by the Cle'-k on the minutes. "The Court then adjourned until this morning at ten o'clock." Their other children were Pierre Chatard, born March 16, 1836, he moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he married Ellin Elder ; he died November 30, 1867, leaving three children; and Catharine, born Mayl8, 1839, married, 1863, William H. Ward, and died March 25, 1865, leaving a child, Frederick, who died in infancy. Frederick Chatard was the son of Dr. Pierre Cha- tard. Pierre Chatard came to Baltimore, from the Island of Martinique, in 1797. His father was a rich French Planter upon that Island, and Pierre, studied medicine as an accomplish- ment, and for the purpose of being useful to his slaves. At the time of the rising of the negroes in rebellion, their Coachman, who afterwards became Governor of the Island, gave warning to the family of their danger, and enabled them to escape. Dr. Pierre Chatard became an eminent j^ractioner in Baltimore. His children were: Dr. Ferdinand E. Chatard, who married Eliza Marean ; Captain Frederick Chat- ard, born 1807, died in St. Louis, Mo., October 5, 1897, who married first, Catharine Tiernan, second, Elise McNally: Emily, who married Frederick James Dugan, son of Cumberland Dugan and Margaret Kelso, LUKE TIERNAN. 79 his second wife ; and Josephine, who married Dr. Washington Chew Van Bibber. Luke Tiernan's other children were: Luke; Sally, who was considered handsome and intelligent ; Agnes, AVilliam, Michael, and Kennedy Ovveu, who all died unmarried. Pateick Tiernan, Luke Tiernan's half brother, married Mrs. Clark, formerly Miss Ann S. Cobb. Miss Ann Cobb was very intimate with the family of Eobert Riddell, Sr., and when quiet young she spent several years in their house. Robert Riddell by his will dated February 19, 1809, bequeathed her a legacy of $1,500,00. Some of his grandchildren used to call her Aunt Nancy, and kept up the intimacy with her until her death. By her first husband, she had a daughter. Miss Maria Clark, who married George R. Carroll, U. S. N., of the family of the Carrolls of Duddington. They had three children, Anna Carroll, who mar- ried Outerbridge Horsey, of Frederick County Md.; Maria Carroll, who married Henry Hooper, of Sonoma, California, and Daniel Carroll, who was killed in the Confederate Army. By Patrick Tiernan, she had Paul Tiernan, named after his grandfather in Ireland, and Michael Tiernan, who are said to have been clever and intelligent. They went to Missouri where they died. Also, there are buried in the lot at Bonnie Brae : Patrick Tiernan, who died June 25, 1851, in his seventy-first year. 80 LUKE TIERNAN. Ann Tiernan, widow of Patrick Tiernan, died January 6, 1873, aged 96. Catharine, daughter of Patrick Tiernan, died December 24, 1846: Ann E. Tiernan, daughter of Patrick Tiernan, died May 27, 1857; and Luke Tier- nan, named after his Uncle, who died December 28, 1890, aged 68 years. Mrs. Kebecca Somerville, MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 83 Kebecca Tiernan, named after her graiulniother, Rebecca Swearingen, was born December 11, 1795, She married Henry Vernon Somerville, December 26, 1815, and died May 8, 186-3. She was an accomplished lady in every sense of the term. Mrs. John P. Kennedy said of her to Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan, that "she was a w^onian of perfect man- ners," and her handsome appearance, and kindness and sweetness adorned her position. Tnis pictnre of Mrs. Somerville is taken from a miniature of her, painted by Miss Anna Peale, belong- ing to Mrs. J. Henley Smith, which was kindly loaned for this purpose. There was great friendship with some of the mem- bers of the family of the Hon. William Pinkney, and in the year 1824, Edward Coate Pinkney addressed the well-known Verses to her : *'A Health. I "1 fill this cup, to one made up Of loveliness alone — A woman I of her gentle sex The seeming paragon ! To whom the better elements And kindly stars have given A form so fair, that like the air, 'Tis less of earth than hearen. 84 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 2 "Her every tone, in music's own, Like those of morning birds, And something more than melody Dwells ever in her words. The coinage of her heart are they. And from her lip each flows As one may see the burthened bee. Forth issue from the rose ! 3 "Affections are as thoughts to her The measure of her hours ; Her feelings have the fragrancy, The freshness of young flowers I While lovely passions changing oft» So fill her, she appears By turns the image of themselves — The idol of past years. "Of her bright face, one glance will trace, A picture on the brain ; And of her voice in echoing hearts A sound must long remain ; But memory, such as mine of her, So very much endears. When life is nigh, my latest sigh, Will not be life's but her's. MKS. REBECCA 50MERYILLE. 85 *'I filled this cup to one made np Of loveliness aloue! A woman ! of her gentle sex, The seeming of paragon ! Her health ! and would on earth there stood Some more of such a frame ! That life might be all poetry, And weariness a name." On the 19th of April, 1864, Hon. John P. Ken- nedy and Alexander Bliss j)repared a handsome volume, called "Autograph Leaves of Our Country's Authors," a copy of which is in the Maryland Histori- cal Society's Library — for the benefit of the Mary- land State Fair, for United States Sanitary Commission; and for the assistance of the sick and wounded soldiers of the United States Army. Mrs. Elizabeth Gray Kennedy wrote the fol- lowing letter to C. B. Tiernan iu behalf of this work : "Charles Tiernan, Jr., Esq. "Charles Street. "No. 90 Madison st. "Baltimore, March 3, 1864. "My Dear Mr. Tiernan : "Mr. Kennedy is about having some fac-similes, of American authors, struck off. 86 MES. REBECCA SQMERVILLE. "I remember that your Aunt Somerville had a copy of Edward Pinkney's verses, "I Fill This Cup^ &c./' in his own handwriting. "I should be very much obliged to you, if you would lend it to me for a short time, "It will be not at all injured, and may I ask the favor for you to let me have it at once. "I will return it in a few days. "Truly yours, "E. G. Kennedy.'^ C. B. Tieman replied to this letter, expressing his- great regret that the piece could not be found. It was discovered afterwards, and a reduced fac- simile of the two first verses is here shown. Mrs. Somerville had given it to her daughter, Agnes, who had died in Natchez, Mississippi, in 1861, and in 1864, it was difficult to have communication with that part of the Country. Mrs. Somerville was very kind to C. B. Tiernan, and after her death, a good many of her papers came into his possession. When Charles Tiernan died, his papers also came into the possession of his son. In 1894, the "Catholic Historical Researches" of Philadelphia, edited by Mr. Martin I. J. Griffin, asked C. B. Tiernan for a sketch of Luke Tiernan, which he gave them with great pleasure. >5 ^) ^ H N^ Hi ^ ^ § MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 89 He thought, also, that some of these letters and papers of his Aunt and Father were worthy of being preserved, and possessed a public and general interest in giving pleasant pictures of the private life of persons whose names were tolerably well known, and that he was paying a debt of honor in producing this publica- tion. In 1896, The Catholic Mirror published in its columns some of the material which is here collected, and which is the foundation of this work. C. B. Tiernan sent the Number in which this piece appeared to the present Mrs. Shields, in Natchez. She replied in a long and most kind letter, which is greatly valued, and says :^ ''Natchez, January 22, 1S97. "My Dear Mr. Tiernan: "So long a time has elapsed since any of us have heard from you that I feel a little anxious, fearing you may be unwell. ***** "The Catholic Mirror you sent, I acknowledge at once, thanking you for the kind, good things you said of me and mine. * * * "I was amusing myself a few nights ago, looking over old letters, and to my delight I discovered, what I presume, is the original piece hy Pinkney, and herewith enclose it to you. "Several words are different in the original and I like them best. 90 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. "I trust this will reach you safely, and find you Tjypj I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ "With love, and best wishes, in which my sons join me, "As ever your friend, "Julia D. Shields." The back of the Poem is a good deal scribbled over with such words as, "Miss Agnes Somerville, 1843. "December 11th, Ma's Birthday. Tuesday, June 23rd, Fishing party to Cabin Branch, (Anne Arundel Co.) Remember me." &c., &c. The families of Hon. William Wirt and Luke Tiernan, were united by the ties of the warmest friend- ship and intimacy. Miss Catharine Wirt, who married Hon. Alexan- der Randall of Annapolis, was very intimate with Mrs. Gay R. Tiernan ; and some of her letters which were of the most confidential character, were given to her daughter, Mrs. Barton Brune, by C. B. Tiernan. Miss Elizabeth Wirt, who married Admiral Louis M. Goldsborough, was also very intimate with Mr. Tier- nan's family ; and Charles Tiernan rendered assistance to Mrs. William Wirt, (Miss Gamble), in the prepara- tion of a Book that she published upon "The Langu- age OF Flowers," a book which was much sought MRS. liEBECCA SOMERVILLE. 91 after at the time, piirticnlarly by young ladies of asenti- iiienta! turn of miud. Charles Tiernan was married to Miss Gay Bernard, at 'Gay Mont,' Virginia, December 14, 1836. On this occasion the house was full to overflow- ing, and many of the guests were obliged to be (|uar- tered in the out buildings. It was said that Captain, afterwards General John Baukhead Magruder, was seen one morning, like Narcis- sus, endeavoring to arrange his cravat over his reflec- tion in a bucket of water. Miss Ellen Wirt writes to Mrs. Somerville :— "Grey Castle, Eichmond, "January 23, 1837. "I have been liesitating, my dear Madam, whetlier 1 should trouble you , ith an acknowledgement of your most gratifying little billet, but my heart, as is usual in contests of the sort, gains the ascendency, and bids nic speak my thanks. "1 was indeed much touched by your remembrance of me at such a time, sick as you were, and surrounded by those whose claims on your attention were so much stronger than my own, but I will yield to none of them in an entire appreciation of your valued friendship. "We are all once more safely at home, after divert-' misluips, such as travelling all nigJd, as was the case with Mrs. Robertson and myself; and a detention of two days at the Bowling Green, by the second division 92 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. of our party. By the bye, what a lovely woman is this same Mrs. Robertson. I should never have known her, but for this accidental association. "Say to the fair Bride and h(r sweet Cousin, (Miss Eliza B. Skipwith,) that our little Metropolis, is quite gay just now. We were at a party at Mrs. F. Gwathniey's a night or two ago, and met with all the world. Barbara (Colquhoun, afterwards Mrs. Trigg,) was there, looking ratlier dolorous; and Mr. Trigg, unfortunate man ! even more tragical. On (lit that she had dis- carded him, because forsooth, he lives so out of the world. If I read her aright, 'there is no mortal mix- ture of earth's mould,' that could be supportable to her gay and social character, under such circumstances- I told her that I intended to write to you, and she desired to be specially remembered. "I wrote a long letter to Francis Selden, a few days ago, with the hope of hearing something of your movements, after you actually left 'Gay Mont,' which young Lightfoot tells us, was not for several days after our departure. I am anxious to know how you bore the journey, dear Mrs. Somerville, and how Cas- sandra (Nisbet,) 'stands the stormy coast' these wintry times; whether the music of Sprigg's coat brushing affects her as much as ever, and how that flirtation ended. "Great results from little causes spring, and that, by a natural coincidence, reminds me of the Count and Miss Robertson. Did they talk themselves into earnest ? "Will dear Gay, really ant\ sure enough make us a visit this winter? I hope she may not be so happy as to forget this parting promise according to Catharine's TVIRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 9^ Teport. Tell her, we slia'I ^e so happy to wek-ome her ■once more among us. ''Imagine my consternation to find in my return home, that dear Mother had been sunmioned to Phila- delphia, to attend my Brother Henry, in a dangerous illness. He is convalescing very Slowly, and Mother is •still very uneasy about him. '•My dear Sister Gold«borough leaves us in a few days for Florida, her husband having determined to return for her, as tliere is nothing to be apprehended from the Indians now. It will be a painful separation to us, the' wecaunet but acquiesce in the propriety of her going. "I have written almost in the dark, and have just light enough to tell yon, that I love you ^ery dearly, any dear Madam, that it will give me great happiness to hear from, or of you, at all times, and to ask you to remember me to my many kind friends around you. C-atharine says she will write to Gay soon. "Sister Elizabeth and herself join me in love. ''Your truly attached ''Ellen Wirt.''' Hon. John Pendleton Kennedy, Secretary of the Navy and Member of Congress, was always one of her particular friends — their fathers' places adjoined, und as children, being near the same age, they had been put in the baby carriage together. Mr. Kennedy obtained for her son, James Hope- well SoMERViLLE, the appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, where Lieutenant SomerviUe graduated with credit. 9'4 MKS. REBECCA &JMEKVIL1,E. He Served with distinction, in the Mexican War. Admiral Balch told C. B. Tiernan that he remembered Lieutenant Somerville: Ihat he was much liked, and that he was considered a promising and rising officer. He died of fever, at Key West, Florida, February 4^ 1850, aged 28 years, and he is buried there. After the death of Charles Tiernan, a good many of his Books were purchased for the Library of T. Harrison Garrett. Among them was a Book written by James H. Somerville, while at the Naval Academy, giving all the details of a Naval education. It had a great many drawings in pen and ink, of sails, ropes, rigging, and every thing connected with Naval life ; and showed a great interest in, and knowledge of his profession. There was also a great intimacy between Hon. Anthony Kennf-dy and Charles Tiernan. The following are some of the letters from Hon. John P. Kennedy to Mrs. Somerville : "Washington, January 9, 1839. "My Dear Madam : — ^'I have delayed answering your letter, for a few days, in order that I might make some inquiries into the probability of my being able to exercise any useful influence, towards the gratification of your wish in reference to your son. 1 have seen Mr. Worthington, who tells me that the vacancy in his district will not occur for some time. "In my district, there will be a vacancy in June MRS. REBPCCA SOMERVILLE. \)5 aiext to which I have proiuised John Mercer, some time ago, to recommend his son— a promise, however, which I know will ]>e of no avail in its fulfillment, as I can -carry none of that weight to the recommendation which is deemed essential here — the weight of obedience and service in the train of the administration. "The Secretary says that I am entitled to the nomi- nation, Mr. (Benjamin C.) Howard having nominated the last appointment from the district. "I discover, nevertheless, that the son of a Metho- dist preacher, by the name of Battle, a man of the true stripe, has already been recomiiiended by Mr. Howard, iind will get the appointment— :it least, so I have been informed. AVhether Mercer will, in prosjiect of ibis more formidable antagonist, go through the ceremony of applying for his son, I have not yet been apprised. If he should not, you may rest assured that whatever force my solicitation or persuasion may give to the claims of James, shall be bestowed, not only with good will, but with a lively interest in his success. "The truth is, we have little to hope here, from either the favor or the justice of the administration, and are, therefore, loath to encourage our friends to hazard the disappointment, almost certain to attend the petition for a share in the bounties of the government, which were designed to be thj common rights of alb ''I shall do more in your case than in almost any other that could be presented, and I trust you will believe that our old friendship, sustained and ripened through many years of friendly intercourse, will impel me now, when I cannot but feel that your claims upon me are strengthened by misfortune, to render you every service that my position, here or at home, may command. 96 MTRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. "I shall not fail to communicate to yon whatever I Hiay learn, likely to interest your attention. "What is James-' age? What have been his studies ?' and how long since you had his na^me registered? "In additioB to my thanks for your good wishes, I have to express my gratification at the kindness implied' in your estimate — much- too indulgent, I fear — of mj su cess. "I can truly say that some of my earliest and most earnest aspirations after fame, were taugbt me, by your- self^ "E-ver,- my dear Mad-am*, ""Very truly yours, "J. P. Kenn-edy." "Mrs. Somertiele.^' Another is r "My Dear Madam: — "It sometimes happens, tbat a racaucy in the Mili- tary Academy, occurs in districts where the representa- tives have no persons to offer to fill it. "In the ho-pe O'f casually finding some such vacancy, I have promised yo-u t^ keep your request in mind, and I am resolved to avail myself of such an opportunity as soon at it may present itself.^ "In my own district, as I have told you, my free will in the matter is forestalled by the application of Mercer. Still I am not without the expectation of finding an occasion to serve you, which lam sure you will believe that 1 will do with a gratification equal to what you would feel in the event of success. I propose to MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 9? enquire amongst those over whom, in the way of such favors, I might exercise the influence of friendship, and make the best of the endeavor for your benefit. The Secretary of War ^^rofesses to leave the nomina- tions of cadets to the representatives. I have reason, however, to suspect his independence as well as his sin- cerity in this matter, and I believe that our friends will find but scant grace in his eyes. You see, therefore, the difficulty in the way of reaching our object during this reign of exclusion. ''Let me advise you to set no great stake upon your hope of success, and especially to discard all anxiety of mind in the matter, taking any good fortune, if it arises, as a windfall, but caring little if you should not find it. "I grieve deeply to hear of your ill health, and trust that your spirits tinge your feelings with an unneces- sary apprehension. "Your duties to your family should inspire you with a more cheerful temper, and I have too much con- fidence in your good sense and fortitude to believe that you will not very soon find yourself acquiring your accustomed vigor and alacrity, not only in the order- ing of your family concerns, but in the restoration of your health and spirits. "You should spend more of your time in Baltimore and amongst friends, who would teach you to forget the cares that I am sure your solitude in the country must painfully increase. " 'Rob of the Bowl,' I was aware, was not likely to be so popular as 'Horse Shoe Robinson.' "The tale is somewhat antiquated in date, required a somewhat obselete phraselogy, and a description of ancient manners — ancient, I mean, in our calendar. 98 MRS. EEBECCA SOMERS^ILLE. "Still, I like it, better than 'Horse Shoe,' perhaps, first, for the natural reason that it is the youngest born, and secondly, because it required more antiquarian labor, in which, by the by, I take some pride. "As to this miserahle political life, I assure you I am as sick of it already as my worst enemy might wish to see me. "You say truly, there is nothing in it to gratify a generous ambition. "I take my turn at it because it is in the circle of life and affords one a new chapter of observation. "I neither look for nor desire its fame. "Very truly, "Your friend, "J. P. Kennedy. "House of Representatives, "January 18, 1839. "Mrs. Somerville." "December 2, 1841. "My Dear Madam : "Soon after I saw you last I wrote to Mr. Upshur to request a change of service for 'our boy.' "The answer you will find with this, "I send it to you in order that you mny hold it as evidence of the promise it contains. "I shall see the Secretary in a few days, and if I find that v)e — I mean the fugitives from Tyler — are to share any favor with him, I will repeat my request, on behalf of James. "Meantime, I beg you to believe that I take such interest in serving you, that I shall keep a special eye upon the future pregress of this youngster, treating ' 4 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 99 him, at least in the way of counsel, as if he were my own. "Very truly yours, "J. P. K. "Washington, July 6, 1842. "My Dear Madam: "I have just sent your letter to Ann Eebecca, through the post-office, and shall take the first leisure moment to call and tell her how happy I shall be to obey the commands of her Mamma, by bringing her home. "I go up every Saturday evening, and as the cars take me no further than the Relay House, I have a car- riage there, which takes me under the very guns of your fort. "On Saturday next, therefore, if you will trust me^ with so responsible a charge, I will make it my duty to convey our young Lady up to the very door, giving yourself no further concern for her safety, than the obligation to be at home to receive her. "It is quite probable Mr. Gray will be with me, as he meditated a visit to this place to be made next Friday. In that event he will return with me the next day. You will thus have the guaranty of two gallants in the ser- vice of your daughter. "You say well when you call this drudgery of mine here, a penalty for fame and honor. ^'Such fame and honor ! "I think I give good proof of something better than ambition, in this sacrifice of life — for, sacrifice of life's higher rewards it certainly is ! "I take some jjatriot ism to my account. LofC. 100 MRS. EEBECCA SOMERTILLE. ( "The truth is, we are in a most wretched way. "The ignorance, imposture and venality of locofo- coism, which infests this country like a plague ; the indescribable silliness, inanity and tomfoolery of this fellow Tyler, and the contemptible submission of the corrupt, but strong men, who form his administration — the secret intrigue, and the miserable competition among the underlings, to lead this Jackdaw into the alliance that may suit their wishes — have all brought us into the most despicable condition that any respecta- ble nation ever presented. "It is worth all our privations, to remain here, and if possible, to help the country out of this horrible plight. I almost, however, despair. "ISTow, them's my sentiments. "As to you ; you have a capital crop, as I see in passing; you have a fine family around you, with a wholesome breeze sweeping over that beautiful hill of yours. '*You have good friends — I am one of them I " You have given a spirited, gaJlnnt hoy — or rather I have — to the service ; ivhat more do you want f "You baggage ! It is quite refreshing to look upon a little republic like yours, after the daily observation of this great one around us. "So be thankful— do your duty, and use the goods the Gods have given you. "Yours truly, "J. P. K." There are other letters of, the same tenor, which Leiutenant James H. Somerville. U. S. Navy. MRS. REBECCA SOMERTILLE. 103 show with what feelings of regard Mr. Kenuedy looked upon her, and in which he assnres her, that his first inclinations towards public life, were received from conversations with her, and that all of his ambition was encouraged bv her councils. There are other letters from prominent persons to Mrs. Somerville, in which there are expressions of their great respect and regard for her. This picture of Lieutenant Somerville is taken from a small portrait, in oil, of him, in the possession of C. B. Tiernan. C. B. Tiernan received several communications from the Naval Department of the United States, in re- gard to Back pay and Bounty money, due to Lieutenant Somerville. These amounts were returned into the Treasury of the United States, as there were no mem- bers of the family living who were entitled to receive them. Richard Henry Wilde, was another friend and admirer of Mrs Somerville. The presentation copy from himself to her of his work on 'The Love and Madness of Tasso,' which he wrote in Italy, is now in the possession of C. B. Tiernan. Mrs. John E. Tait has a fine copy of "The Poets 104 MKS. REBECCA SOMERVILL.E. AND Poetry of America," by Rufus W. Griswold, given to her by her Aunt Somerville, which has written in it: — "To Mrs. Rebecca Somerville, "as a slight return for the many obligations "confered upon the Donor, "John R. Kenly." ("Major- General U. S. A., 1865.) "July 1, 1842." Among the selections in it from the works of R. H. Wilde, are the well-known verses : "My Life Is Like The Summer Rose." Mrs. Dr. John Buckler, (Eliza Sloan) of Baltimore, wrote a "Reply" to these verses which may not be so well known, and it is hoped that the first verse of the Poem and of the Reply here, will be acceptable. "My Life Is Like The Summer Rose. "My Life is like the Summer Rose, Which opens the morning sky — And ere the shades of evening close. Is scattered on the ground to die. Yet on that Rose's humble bed, The sweetest dews of nigh are shed — As if she wept such waste to see ; But none shall shed a tear for me." mrs. rebecca somervillb. 105 "Reply. "The dews of night may fall from Heaven, Upon the withered Kose's bed — And tears of fond regret be given, To mourn the virtues of the dead. Yet morning's Sun the dews will dry, And tears will fade from sorrow's e^^e ;. Affection's pangs be lulled to sleep. And even Love forget to weep." Mr. Wilde addressed a number of poems to Mrs. Somerville and C. B. Tiernan, still has the following in his own handwriting : •'The Invitation I "Come ! come to us hither ! the goblet is flowing, And wit dropping sparks like the sunbeams in showers. The Moon shining softly, the summer breeze blowing, And odors, and melody, round us are throwing Their spell, till our hearts seem all music and flowers ! "Oh, come to us hither ! the moments are flying— The longest of lives has not many such hours— The goblet is filling, the south wind is sighing ; The Moon beams are waning, the Night flowers dying— Oh, come to us hither ! we'll take no denying— Your pleasure is all that's now wanting to Ours I " 106 mrs. rebecca somerville. Magna Civitas! Magna Solitudo! Here all is heai'tless, hollow, loud, Vain glittering show, and empty sound. Society 's a lonesome crowd. Pleasure, the same dull tedious round. One heart to love, one lip to press, One friend to trust, in some wild glen, Were less a waste. Oh ! ten times less. Than this vast Solitude of Men. LINES WRITTEN IN AN ALBUM. Here Memory lives, here too Oblivion dwells — The last o'er the tablet weaves his drowsy spells — The first, her pinion in the Fountain wets — He who writes, remembers: She who reads, forgets. SONNET. To THE Mocking Bird. Winged mimic of the woods, thou motley fool. Who shall thy gay buffoonery describe? Thine ever ready notes of ridicule. Pursue thy fellows still with jest and jibe. Wit, Sophist, songster, Yorick of thy tribe MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 107 Thou sportive Satirist of Nature's school, To thee, the palm of scoffinoj we ascribe Arch Mocker, and mad Abbot of Misrule ! For such thou art by day ; but all night long Thou pourest a soft, sweet, pensive, solemn strain As if thou did'st in this thy moonlight song, Like to the melancholy Jacques, complain. Musing on Falsehood, Violence, and Wrong, And sighing for his motley coat again. One of his letters is as follows : "Washington, 31st January, 1842. "My Dear Friend: — "Engagments of one kind or another have pre- vented an early reply to your letter; those whom we know to be most indulgent to us being postponed to more importunate creditors. Beside, as long as it re- mained unanswered, I had always in anticipation the pleasure of writing to you, while that, once over, there IS nothing dniilar to promise myself, until — until yoii write to me again. "It is quite amusing to hear you prophesy a bril- liant career for me, but women's auguries are all drawn from the heart, and therefore, however illusive, always delightful. "It is what I have long ceased to hope for myself ; and yet it has quite as great a charm as any fib, merely because it is esteemed possible by you. But, then, the path of immortality you point out to me — a satyrist ! 108 MES. KEBECCA SOMERVILLE. What in the name of charity induces you to think me capable of satire ? " 'If that I laugh at any human thing, 'Tis that I may not weep.' "No, my dear friend; a little gentle persiflage— a jest that has no gall, and a laughter that passes not the lips, I plead guilty to ; but as to lashing this world and its follies, or its vices I would as soon think of turning parish beadle, for the pleasure of whipping the ragged, joyous little urchins, who play marbles amid the tomb* stones, instead of saying their catechism. "!N"o ! I assure you again, though I have spent my heart in loving, and my head on rhymes, with no other result than insolvency in both adventures ; there was orignally so much of the milk of human kindness in my disposition, and it kept sweet so long, thanks to my feminine, or, if you please, effeminate education that even now, when all the acids of this world have long conspired to sour it, they have merely turned it to a little sub-acidity, a curd and wheyish kind of consist- ence, which just escapes being insipid. "Whether you are right in thinking Letters my vocation, must be determined by less partial critics and I would be far better able to judge, if you would give me a flaming censure, of all my book's imperfections. "It is a matter two thirds of which — Love and Madness^are entirely within female jurisdiction ; and I have so little affection for my literary offspring, that the most part are scattered over the world, to be adopted by others ; and even the few, I acknowledge. King Solomon might cut up before my face, without finding out whether they were mine or not. MRS. EEBECCA SOMERVILLE. 10'9 "Come then, tell me honestly, all my offenses against Tasso and Leonora — only my offenses — I am not fishing for a compliment, one fault, jnstly found, is better to an author or an artist than a thousand flat- teries. "Who knows but that the 'Life and Times of Dante' may profit by the gentle censure, or even the sprightly malice of her who so many years ago played off mischievously her whole artillery of witcheries, against the poor, awkward, juvenile bachelor author, who baffled the joke only with the simple armor of Truth. "I am not sure I should like to see that same Agnes. "The name was of evil augury to me in my boy- hood — the prototype, a dangerous Syren to me in my youth — my old age would therefore fain escape a copy so redoubtable. "If she is so like what her mother was at her age, I should not like to trust even my sons within reach of so dangerous a creature. "My good friend Kennedy, as your Representative, and for the sake, as he snys of putting in a letter of his own, is kind enough to place this under his frank. "I should otherwise hesitate to send, what is and ought to be, a dead letter, not worthy the postage. "If it only occupies, not unpleasantly, a few moments of your time, it will fulfill all its offices, but one, 'which is to assure you with what fidelity, "I am still, as always, "Your friend, "R. H. Wilde." 110 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLB. Mr. Wikle'ri letter is marked, "Free, J. P. Kennedy, M. C." The lettter of Mr. Kennedy is : "My Much Respected Mamma: "A hare-brained youth, who happens to be here just now from the South, has placed the accompanying pacquet in my hands to be transmitted to you, "His purpose was doubtless to get the benefit of my frank, which, according to a late order of the Post- Master-Geueral, requires me to write something inside, so as to make it truly my letter, and not a mere make believe. "And so, as I am obliged to write something to yon, for the sake of saving postage, I may make sure of your putting up with my dullness, which is to serve as conductor to the better material of that rantipole fellow who has enlisted me in his service. "What the enclosure is about, I am sure I cannot guess, but from a note which came with it to me, I take it to be a matter of considerable interest between you. "Don't get into a flurry at this intimation, but break the seal, and read quietly, and behave yourself with the gravity belonging to the venerable relation you hold to, "Yours Truly, "J. P. K." "P. S. — Are you yet at Bioomsbury ? Do you mean to meditate there the whole Winter ? "Second P. S. — Did you get a prosy letter from me a few days ago ? " MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. Ill Another letter from Mr. Wilde is : ^'MrS. H, V. SOMERVILLE, "Baltimore, Md. ^'Augusta, Georgia, "May 5, 1842. *'My Dear Friend: "lu the hurry of my departure from Washington, under the temptation of that cozening fiend, who, the Turks, say, comes from the devil ; I postponed answer- ing your last kind letter until my return home, where I expected to be quiet, and enjoy plenty of leisure. " 'Alas ! let not man flatter himself with such delusive hopes.' "The endless nothings of unprofitable business, uninteresting society, unavoidable duties and unendura- ble interruptions, have each come in turn asking but for a moment ; until in the end, I have had no moment left ; and now, with a table covered with books on all subjects, and papers on all topics, between Law and Poetry: briefs unfinished and letters unanswered and pamphlets uncut, I am, if possible, to collect my scat- tered senses enough at least to ask your pardon, and bid you good morrow and good bye. "Besides other and smaller disturbances to single gentlemen of respectable habits, my brother, with whom I am living, has had an increase to his family since my return : and my Sister Ann, (Mrs. Anthony,) has been to visit us with another niece born in my abscence. "How do you expect to be remembered in such a busy world? It took me a month at least, to answer 113 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 111! my iiei^hborts' questions about the news of Washing- ton, of which they knew more than I did, as I never opened a newspaper while I was there. * * * In addition to tliis, T have had other and sadder occupation, from which it was not easy to divert my thoughts. Since I heard from you, death has been busy in the circle of my acquaintance. I have lost a niece in New York ; a highly prized and very dear friend, in the Bishop of Charleston :* and one of a family very dear to me in Philadelphia. "It is not by way of excuse or apology, that I tell you all this, but merely to give you a history of my life since March. The rest is all a blank except for hear- ing from my boys and getting a letter or tv/o from beyond the water. * * "Everything around me is in a state of stagnation. 'And duller than the fat weed, That rots itself at ease on Lethe's wharf.' "The only thing like an event has been the celebra- tion of May day, a very pagan ceremony by some school girls, wherein one of them was crowned Queen, in con- tempt of common sense and the Eepublic. "With the Kindest Rpgavds of Kate and myself, "Believe me ever very Faithfully, "Your Friend, "R. H. Wilde." C. B. Tiernan gave the first of these letters to Mrs. James Craig, of Baltimore County. R. H. Wilde married Mrs. Buckle, who was the Grandmother of Mrs. Craig, by her first husband. *The distinguished Right Reverend John Eng- land, died April 11, 1842. MRS. REBECCA SOMERYILLE. 118 Mrs. Wilde died in 1827, leaving, by Mr. Wilde, two sons, John AVilde and William Wilde, who have left descendants. The other letter he gave to Mrs. Florence Walker Caswell of Augusta, Georgia, a friend of some of Mr. Wilde's family. R. H. AVilde lived in Augusta, and he is buried there. Gen. George P. Morris writes to her as follows : "Savannah, May 7, 1857. "Dear Mrs. Somerville: "Many thanks for the beautiful flowers — we shall treasure them coming from you. "Mr. Holmes, in a letter received to-day, begs me to 'make his regards acceptable to his esteemed lady friend, Mrs. Somerville.' "I discharge a pleasing duty in sending his mes- sage. "With sentiments of esteem and in all sincerity, "Yours very truly, "Geo. p. Morris. "Mrs. R. Somerville." Mrs. Somerville was a large benefactress of the Catholic Church. She built the Church of "Saint Agnes" in Balti- more County, near the Convent of Mt. de Sales, in 1853. 114 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. It was named after her daughter Agnes, and was for many years the only Catholic Church in that neighbor- hood. The first priest was Father Edward Catou, who was much respected and beloved by a large and scattered congregation. He died in 1862, and is buried in the lot in front of the church — his being the only grave. Her eldest daughter, Ann Rebecca, named after her Grandmother, Ann Owen, and her own Mother, was born January 18, 1820; married Charles A. Waters, February 4, 184G; died January 29, 1847, witbont sur- viving issue. Her husband, Charles Waters, was greatly attached to his wife, and had been in love with her for a number of years before they were married. He was a keen sportsman, a fine horseman, and an excellent shot. Their home was on the Frederick Road, about eight miles from Baltimore. One evening they gave a party to a number of their friends, and. the next day Mr. Waters started to drive his wife to Bloomsbury. There were a couple of baskets in the buggy, filled with silver and other things that they were returning, and they were also taking to Mrs. Somerville some of the delicacies of the night before. Mr. Waters was driving a very large young black stallion. By some accident, the bit broke, and the horse started at a great speed down the very long hill some distance above Catousville. Mr. Waters real- ized the danger, and putting his left arm around his wife, asked her to remain quiet. He then drew a pistol, which he always carried, and fired, the ball striking MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE, 115- the horse iu the brain, and the horse, after a convulsive struggle, fell dead in the road. Mrs. Witters was in a delicate condition at the time, and died shortly afterwards, and her child died with her. Charles Alexander Waters Avas the son of Dr. Horace Waters and Mrs. Alverda Robinson Waters. Their other children were : Elizabeth, who married first, Charles Howard, U. S. N., their son, James E. M. Howard, now represents Colonel J. E. Howard's family in the Society of the Cincinnatti. She married second. William George Read; and Rebecca, who married Charles Ridaelv White. Agnes, born June 17, 182G, married Wilmet; Shields, U. S. N., of Mississippi, September 10, 1845. and died at Laurel PHll, near Natchez, January 26, 1861. Her only surviving child, Agnes, born January 24, 1861, also died there, February, 1864. WiLMER Shields married secondly, Miss Julia Devereux Ashton", a woman of a noble character, and at his decease left six children — Agnes, named after his first wife, who married George Marshall ; Julia Devereux, who married Pendleton Balfour ; Wilmer Shields; Devereux Shields, w^ho married Miss Julia Dunbar Jenldns ; and Ashton Shields, who promise to keep up the honor of their family. Devereux Shields was Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6tli Mississippi Regiment, under the call of President McKinley. He was complimented upon tlie manner iu which 116 MRS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE, he handled his troops in the Battle of Sail Mateo, in the Philippines, where General Lawton was killed. Her youngest son, Thomas Clifton Shields, was Lieutenant io the 1st Mississippi Regiment, and died in the service, October, 1898, much lamented. Mrs. Shield's uncle, Judge Devereux, married a sister of Archbishop Eyan of Philadelphia. Mrs. Somerville's other children were : William Tiernan Somerville, born December 16, 1816, died at Wilmington, North Carolina, May 23, 1857. He was a man of intelligence, and business capacity. He endeavored to settle and build up that part of the old Frederick Eoad, north of Mt. de Sales ; and, with Dr. W. C. Van Bibber, the land west of Mt. Olivet Cemetery. He met with considerable success in his undertakings. Henry Vernon Somerville, born February 26, 1824, died December 11, 1860. He went to St Joseph, Missouri, and engaged in cattle raising. During the Kansas and Nebraska troubles, which were at their height at this time, he became a Colonel iu the troops that were raised in Missouri. William Clarke Somerville, born March 13, 1827, died Xovember 10, 1848. He went to Mt. St. Mary's College, and C. B. Tiernan has a number of his letters to his his Mother, which indicates a good dispo- sition and ability. Charles Tiernan Somerville, born November 8, 1829, died July 23, 1848, Elizabeth, born March 4, 1831, died April 16, 1846. She was thought a very attractive girl. MKS. REBECCA SOMERVILLE. 117 Mary Louisa, born 1832, died 1833. Robert Coleman Brien Somerville, born No- vember 6, 183S, died September 4, 1854. C. B. Tiernau has a small picture of Robert Somer- ville, which represents a very handsome young man of about twenty. Joseph Fowler Somerville, born June 18, 1835, died at St. Joseph, Missouri, November 8, 1859. He was out there with his brother Vernon. All died unmarried. lis HEKRY V. SOMERVILLE. Henky Veknon Somerville was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland, March 12, 1792, was married in Baltimore by the Rev. Father Fenwick, to Rebecca Tiernan, Dt'cember 26, 1815, died August 26, 1837. Mr. Somerville was a very elegant gentleman, and his home, "Bloomsbury," about five miles from Balti- more, near Catonsville, which he named after his family place in St. Mary's County, and which contained about a thousand acres, was the seat of a gen< rous and refined hospitality. He was very highly educated, and took great inter- est in political matters, as a Whig. He wrote an admirable address to the voters of Baltimore County in favor of John Quincy Adams for President, for whom he was appointed a Presidential Elector in July, 1824. On August 24, 1824, he issued a second address "To The Voters of Baltimore County," in which he says : "My Feiends And Fellow Citizens: "I had the honor to address you in July last, upon the subject of the approaching Presidential Election, and I hope that you have bestowed upon my statements, a cool and unprejudiced consideration. "I assure you, my friends, it was not my design to tax your indulgence further, by a second written appeal upon this question, and I regret exceedingly, that my honorable friend, the Elector for General Jackson, should compel me to deviate from this intention ; by preferring a charge against Mr. Adams, through the authority of a printed hand-bill, which, if true, would be highly injurious to Mr. Adams' reputation. HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. 110 <'The Electoral Candidate for C4eneral Jackson, has declared to his countrymen, with exulting confidence, that Mr. John Quincy Adams, when Minister to Ber- lin, ions recalled hij Mr. Jefferson inimediaicli/ on his mtering upon the duties of the Presidcnry; and with the pride of conscious correctness, proceeds to draw, in his own words, the following conclusion. ^'This is a stronq proof of Mr. Adams being unworthy of Mr. Jefferson's mnfidence, and of that of the nation.'' •'When this charge first appeared against Mr, Adams, I was prepared to show by the most conclusive testimony from the records of th^ country, that it was not to he found in the history of the American Govern- ment, or any where else I believe, except in the Elector's own fancy, ***** This fanciful recall of Mr. Adams from Berlin by President Jefferson, the elector for General Jackson, has been pleased to call ''a fact incontrovertible;" but the intelligent citizens of Bnltimore County will per- ceive from the subjoined conespondence, how little reliance is to be placed on positive declaration when unaccompanied by proof; and how very scantily the Elector for General Jackson must be supplied with authentic information on the subject of our foreign missions. "During the wise and difficult administration of our illustrious patriot and statesman, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Adams was in habits of confidential intimaoy with him, and it is well known that he was one of the firmest Congressional champions in support of his administration and general poli3y of government. "I therefore maintain the truth of my statement in saying, that he enjoyed the confidence of Mr. Jefferson, 130 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. who even now while studiously endeavoring to avoid any interference in the present contest, cannot withhold an expression of his admiration of the talents and abilities of Mr. Adams." "MoNTicELLO, August 14th, 1824. "It is impossible, Sir, you could have appealed to a worse chronicle than my memory for an answer to the enquiries of your letter of the 5th instant. It is almost a blank. Yet I will endeavor to give you the best of its efforts. Mr. John Quincy Adams went Minister to Berlin, which Court he left again before I had entered on the administration of the government ; and return- ing, as well as I remember, by the way of England, he arrived at home in the course of my first year, MOST ASSUREDLY NOT UNDER ANY RECALL FROM ME. He came afterwards into the Senate, and con- tinued there a part of the time of my being in office, and afterwards was called to the chair in the University of Harvard, which he filled with so much reputation to himself and advantage to that Institution, until after I htid retired from the Administration. These, Sir, are the best of my recollections. If I err in any of them it is not intentionally ; and I have the comfort of knowing that you can correct them by an appeal to the public records, of which I have retained no copy, I am sure, however, that I do not err in saying, That he never was recalled from any foreign mission hy me. "Be pleased to accept assurances of my great respect and consideration." "Th. Jefferson." "To Henry V. Somerville, Esquire." HENRY V. SOMERYILLE. I2l Mr. Adams writes : " Washington, 23 August, 1824. "Dear Sir: "In answer to your letter of the 17th instant, 1 have the honor of informing you, that I left Berlin at the close of my mission to Prussia, on the 17th of June, 1801, and landed at Philadelphia on the 4th of Sejitem- ber of the same year. "These dates, as you will immediately perceive, do hy no means furnish the evidence which you anticipate from them of the impossibility that I should have been recalled from that mission by Mr. Jefferson. It is, nevertheless, true, that I was not recalled by him, but by my father ; of which the evidence that I now enclose will doubtless be sufficiently conclusive to your satis- faction. "I know not, to what purpose the fact of my recall, from that mission can be important ; or the question by whom it was effected. "As President of the United States, Mr. Jefferson Avas known to me 'nee beneficio, nee injuria.' "Nearly two years since, I expressed in a publica- tion, of which I now send you a copy, the belief that he would not approve the use of his name to injure my character ; and the hope that it would never be used by my friends, without his authority, to procure me favor. "I am, with great Respect, Sir, "Your very obedient servant, "John Quincy Adams." Mr. Somerville was an ardent supporter of Henry Clay in his candidacy for the Presidency in 1832. The following letter will explain itself: 122 HENRY Y. SOMERYILLE. "Ashland, 27 November, 1830. "Dear Sir : "I recived your favor of the 25th ult., communi- ciiting the intention of those who are opposed to the « present administration, to hold a State convention in Maryhmd, to give some expression of o})inion in relation to the next Presidency, and requesting a minute of the incidents of my life, with the view of being used in the })reparation of some paper emanating from that Con- vention. "I feel greatly indebted for the friendly motive which suggested this application. "In a volume of speeches made by me, which was published a few years ago, and which is to be found at the book-stores of Washington, and I presume Balti- more, there is a short biographical sketch, which I imagine will furnish most of the information desired. "My public service has been in Kentucky as a Member of the House of Eepresentatives and as its Speaker. "And in the Government of the United States, as a Member of the Senate, a Member and Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives, a Commissioner at Ghent and London, and Secretary of State. "The most prominent occasions in which I bore a part were: the War and subsequent Peace, the tariff and internal improvements, South American, and Grecian Independence, the settlement of the Missouri (juestion, and the events of the late Administration. "I was born in Hanover County, Virginia, on the 12th of April, 1777. "Mr. Prentice has been engaged, and I understand, has completed a biographical volume of me, which will HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. 123 probably be out by the time this letter reaches you. The work was undertaken with some repugnance on my part; and I feel no responsibility on account of the manner of its execution ; but the facts which it embodies may be relied on as generally accurate. "I concur entirely in the sentiment that any paper which the Convention may put forth, should be directed rather to the enforcement and illnstratiou of great prin- ciples than to the display of the qualities, services or per- sonal claims of any individuah The aim of the Patriot should be to inculcate and substitute a love of Country, of liberty, and of great and enduring principles, in place of devotion to any individual. "The proposed Convention in Kentucky will take effect on the 18th of next month. It will contain dele- gates, probably, from every county in the State, and will exhibit a body of our most reputable and influential citizens. I presume, besides a nomination, it will adopt some plan of future concert within the States, which is nnich wanted. In any event, I think much good is to be anticipated from it. "With great respect, "I am, your obedient servant, "H. Clay. "H. V. Somerville, Esq." Mr. Somerville wrote the address to the people of Maryland, in favor of Mr. Clay. Judge McLean, of the Supreme Court of the United States, writes him a letter which is marked '^ Confiden- tial,^^ but as the information which it contains, has 134 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. long since been made pablic, there can be no breach of confidence, in inserting it here: "Washington, 6th February, 1832. "My Dear Sir: "After thanking you for your very kind and friendly letter, I avail myself of the permission you give, to suggest that the lines underscored in your ad- dress, beginning at, "So far as regards, &c.," to the close of the sentence, would be calculated to bring me into collision with t'le administration, which would be productive of no good to the country, and some embar- rassment to me. "My conversations on the subject of patronage, have been uniformly of the same character as those we had last summer, both to the friends and opponents of the administration, and I find that my views are appro- bated, privately, by the most influential and intelligent friends of Gen. Jackson everywhere, but they are pre- vented from advocating them openly, by party consid- erations. "I was appointed Post Master General, the 1st of July, 1823, and left the Department in March, 1829. General Jackson did not intimate a wish that I should leave the Department, but seeing that my course of policy would not meet the views of the other members of the Administration, I was convinced that its harmony would be disturbed by my continuing in office at Washington, and I intimated to a friend a willingness to retire, or to fill the station I now occupy. "It is due to General Jackson to say that in my conversations with him, he agreed with me as to the use of patronage, and he expressed the most unqualified HENRY V. SOMEKVILLE. 125 approbation of my past course ; but I saw that he was surrounded by men, who would take advantage of cir- cumstances to compel him to pursue a policy in regard to appointments, which would require me to relinquii h my position. I was convinced that I could not sustain myself against so strong a combination, as would be formed, urged on by applicants for office, under false charges got up against incumbents. To recede, on my part, was out of the question, and I must have fallen, had I not retired, or taken the office I now hold. "The Bench was only preferred, because I had duties to perform of a private relation, with which I could not dispense. "I remain of the same opinion that I expressed to you last summer, as to the result of the present contest. "The opposition of Mr. Clay so far from endanger- ing the re-election of Gen. Jackson, has been necessary to secure it. I do not know respectable men in the West, who supported Gen. Jackson in the late election, who will not again vote for him against Mr. Clay. Unless a change take place, the whole West will vote for Jackson. "In the scramble for the Presidency, there is ground to fear that the Bank may be lost ; and also the protective system. The government is endangered by the excited conduct of political partisans. "Very truly yours, "John McLean. "H. V. SoMERViLLE, Esquire." His library was a remarkably fine one of about two thousand volumes. 12fx HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. Chief Justice Chase was, for a short time, a tutor- in his family, and then studied law under the Hon. William Wirt. Judge Chase told C. B. Tiernan^ that he had fre- quently been at Luke Tiernan's house, before C. B. Tiernan was born. George Tyler Bigelow, afterwards Chief Justice of Massachussetts, passed a year in his family in 1830- 1831, as a tutor to his children. In Volume V. of the Proceedings of the Massa- chussetts Historical Society, there is a frontis-i^iece portrait of the Hon. George Tyler Bigelow, and a Memoir of him by George B. Chase, which was read at the meeting of the Society, on April 10, 1890. C. B. Tiernan wrote to Mrs. Anna J. Bigelow^ widow of Hon. G. T. Bigelow, living at Quincy, Mass., and asked her if she would kindly allow the picture of Judge Bigelow to be placed in this Book. She gave her conseiit, in the kindest manner, and sent him the picture, from which the one here is taken. She says: "Mr. Bigelovv's stay in Mr. Somerville's family, was one of the most cherished memories of his life. He often told me that he found under that roof, all that this world could have to make life pleasant. And his regard for the members of that family did not weaken with his increasing years. It was but a very short time before his death, that he repeated to me the oft-told story, and was so happy in recalling it." ;3.(Bm HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. " 12i> Again : "I can only repeat, what I said before, that I am more than gratified that Mr. Bigelow's name should be associated with that of your family, and I know that his sentiments would have been the same. "Very Sincerely youis, "AnXA J. BiGELOW." The following is taken from pages 459 to 470— of the proceedings of the Historical Society— some of the letters having been furnished for this sketch by C. B. Tienian. "George Tyler Bigelow, Seventh Chief Justice of Massachussetts, born October 6, 1810, died April 12, 1878. He graduated at Harvard, in 1829, twentieth, in a class of fifty-eight. "Though destined for the law, he was deemed too young to begin the study of it. His father, therefore, determined to send him to the South for an absence of two years, there to find some situation as a teacher of the classics, and summed up his views of the advantages to be gained by his son, in a letter to him in these words : 1. "To induce a more thorough and critical ex- amination of the classics, and other college studies, by spending some time in the business of instruction. This will be best effected in the highest schools. The more your pupils know, the better for you. 2. "To introduce you into good society, and thus give you a practical knowledge of men and things. You should, therefore, avail yourself of every opportun- 330 HENKY V. SOMERVILLE. ity to multiply tuul enlarge your acquaintances with business men, with literary, professional, and all the best classes of society. '6. "To acquire somem^ans to enable you to go on and complete your study in some profession, at least to come in aid of those which I shall be able further to afford you. 4. "These objects rank in importance in the order in which they stand, the whole, however, to be made subservient to the one chief and primary object of your life — personal discipline — the full development and high cultivation of your intellectual and moral powers, the improvement and salvation of your soul, that you may become a man, a gentleman, and a Christian, and make yourself useful and felt as such in the world." It is a satisfaction to know that the father, who thus sent his son five hundred miles from home, at the age of eighteen, to find his own way in life, lived to see his son, developing from that hour, become, thirty years later, Chief Justice of Massachusetts. In November, 1829, young Bigelow was installed as principal of the academy at Brookville, Maryland. The following are extracts from his letters to his family, at Watertown, Mass.: '•1 have charge of a school of twenty pupils, and a fair prospect that I may earn $400.00 per annum. I board with Dr. Howard, decidedly ihe king of the place, both as to education and property. He is very HENKY V. SOMERVILLE. 131 kind to me. His house is kept by a Mrs. Pleasants, his wife's mother — a name you will recognize as one of some importance in their native State, Virginia. She was a Tucker— and one of the most kind and motherly old ladies I ever met with. But, then, I do not like the academy. I cannot improve myself while instruct- ing a school so backward; and lastly, the compensation is far too small for the labor required." "His attempts to find a situation which would give him sufficient leisure for his own pursuits were re- warded, in the spring of 1830, by the offer and accept- ance of the position of tutor to the children of Henry Vernon Somerville, a gentlemali honorably prominent in public and private life, then living at his seat, Bloomsbury, about five miles from Baltimore. "Without the vexation and trouble of a petty school," he writes to his parents, "I shall have . . . much leisure for my private pursuits, and more than all, an opportunity of enjoying the society and advan- tages of a la"ge city." Passages from Mr. Bigelow's letters throw a pleasant glimpse upo-n his life at Bloomsbury : "A month's residence in Mr. Somerville's family has convinced me that 1 have much reason to congratu- late myself on my good fortune. There is so much here to contribute to my improvement, as well as com- fort and happiness, that I am persuaded no equally advantageous situation, all things considered, could have fallen to my lot. I have the charge of five children, to whom I devote about five hours ^;er diem. Two of them 132 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. are ptiulying the languages ; Tiernan, the eldest, who is about fifteen years of age, was withdrawn from St. Mary's College to be placed under my care. He is considerably advanced in French and Latin, and conse- quently it is rather a pleasure to instruct him. ... I have the command of a library of two thousand volumes, collected in Europe, forming one of the most valuable sources of information ; and I am confident that the society and conversation of Mr. Somerville will be of much use to me. "I find him ready and willing to communicate with me on all subjects. . . . The society which I meet here is all the Miit ton of Baltimore, among whom I felt sufficiently awkward until the Brookville rust was worn of¥. Literary and fashionable people, — beaux, belles, literati, — all meet here. . . . "I am following your advice, and have commenced Blackstone. I find it easy to comprehend on account of the perspicacity with which is written, and amusing and interesting on account of the subject on which it treats. Whether I inherited it from you, or, as Natty Bumpo would express it, 'whether it is the nature of the beast,' or the result of education, I know not; I always had an irresistable inclination to become a lawyer. I remember that in the earliest day-dreams of childhood, I used to look forward to the time when I could sport the 'green bag,' and look wise, give advice, and plead causes as tlie summit of my wishes. I cannot but think it is a glori- ous profession." In his last letter from Maryland to his mother, Mr. Bigelow wrote : HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. 133 "I })erceive by Uie tone of my father's letter that he cherishes great aiiticiiiations of witnessing on my return a vast increase in my mental attainments. I hope that he will be more moderate in his expectations. He should remember that my college life was squan- dered in idleness and folly ; that when I left Massachu- setts for the South I was a mere boy without any knowledge of books or men ; and that, consequently, I have .had much to learn and everything good to gain. When I look back and recall the feelings and opinions with which I left yon, I can with difficulty realize now that I ever cherished them." Eleven months were passed by, Mr. Bigelow at Bloomsbury, and with both host and hostess he soon became a great favorite. Very pleasing in manners and appearance, he had the peculiar good fortune for a lad of nineteen to see much of a society which, in those days less formal and restrained than that of New Eng- land, was not more conspicuous for hospitality than for beauty and gracious manners, the charm of which had already won for the women of Baltimore a reputation that had crossed the then difficult ocean. In parting from the Somervilles he received the kindest assurances of their personal interest in his future career. And now, more than fifty years since Mr. Bigelow left that happy household, never to see any member of it again, Mrs. Somerville's surviving brother, Charles Tiernan, sends to the author the pleasant message, that he "well remembers Mr. Bigelow as a handsome young man ; that the family were exceedingly fond of him, and 134 HENRY V. SOMEEVILLE. greatly regrerted his departure, always holding him in the kindest remembrance and speaking of him with the highest regard.'"^ On his return to Watertown, his family were delighted with the improvement Avhich eighteen months of change had wrought in him. "He left home," wrote his sister, "a boy with the ways of a boy, and returned to it a man, I have never, I think, seen," she continued, "a young man so much improved by foreign study and travel as my brother George seemed to be by his residence in Maryland." He was soon hard at work in his father's office, satisfying that parent by his industry ; his days were spent over law books, his evenings given to miscellan- eous reading. It had been his practice at Bloomsbury to copy passages from authors he thought perfect in form and expression ; and this habit he now resumed, helping to form for himself that excellent style in compo- sition which afterwards characterized his legal opinions. He accompanied his father to, and from the terms of the county courts, and sat by his side as he fought his cases with a vehemence which is yet remembered at the Middlesex Bar. In close communion with that veteran lawyer, the young student perfected himself in the fundamental principles of law. *Mr. Chase writes to C. B. Tiernan : "Few things in my preparations of the Memoir of Chief Justice Bige- low, gave me more pleasure, than this message, which your Father sent me ; fifty years after my Uncle had left Maryland." HENRY V. SOMERYILLE. l3o Two years were thus spent with no holiday but the "New England Sabbath, and with few hours of leisure save the short evenings of a quiet country household. Soon after he came of age he began an interesting correspondence with Mr. Somerville, His first letter to Maryland shows how rapid was his developement :— "W^TERTOWN, Mass., Jan. 28, 1832 ''My Dear Sir:— "I should have written to you shortly after my return to New England, accordirg to the promise I made you when we parted, had I not been i^re vented by the number and variety of the avocations and duties imposed upon me by the study of my profession. To be candid with you I felt not a little diffidence at the thought of commencing a correspondence with you, because I well know the advantages and pleasure of an epistolary intercourse would be wholly in my favor, and that I should in some measure be subjecting you to an irksome and profitless task. "I cannot forbear to avail myself of the opportunity to express to you the gratification with which I look back upon the year I passed in your family. Your own good humor and good taste gave zest and enjoyment to your improving society; your extensive library afforded delight and instruction to my desultory mind, and the amiability and intelligence of your children lightened the burdens and enlivened the dullness of ordinary tuition. The relation in which I stood to your family would necessarily render the situation, in some respects, unpleasant and galling to any one who entertained a due and proper pride of character, for it can be said of 136 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. private tutors, as Sliylock said of his persecuted nation, that 'sufferance is the badge of all our tribe;' but I owe it to the kindness and friendship you manifested towards rae to say that my situation was as little so as the circumstances of the case would permit. "I had the pleasure of observing your name among the members of the National Eepublican convention, who have placed Mr. Clay before the people, in an authoritative and direct manner, as a candidate for the Presidency. "The address, so unanimously adopted, seems to me to be intended rather for the enlightened and high- minded than for the prejudiced and uninformed part of our community. It is in too lofty a tone, too much in the spirit of a cold and calculating moralist, to be fully understood, comprehended, and felt by the great mass of the people. It is an old maxim with us that 'an ounce of fact is wojth a pound of preaching ; ' and it would have been better, on this principle, to have dealt out one or two sturdy and undeniable realities, than to have published such a long and prosing homily under the sanction of the convention. The contest, however, I fear, is a desperate one, and the only encouragement to further resistance is the satisfaction of finally dying with a better grace. ..." Mr. Somerville's reply was the first of a number of letters to Mr. Bigelow, extracts from several of which are here given : "My Dear 8ir: — "I received your letter in due season, and am quite gratified that you have not forgotten us. It was only HENRY V. SOMERYILLE. 13t the evening before the arrival of your letter that we were speaking of you, and my whole family expressed surprise that you had not written. Had I known your post-office, I shoul I have given you some intimation that we had not yet crossed the Stygian Lake, and that, in memory of you, we still have pork and beans. "The truth is, you ought to ha.e written sooner, it was your duty to have done so ; for you left a character with us that would do houoi to any man, and, besides, you ought to have known that I felt some interest in your future career. I write in candor and not in com- pliment. Yon have youth, talents, and ambition ; and if you exert all the attributes which God and nature have given you, you have it in your power to be distin- guished. Nevertheless, in your course through life there are some evils which the vessel of your adventure must endeavor to avoid. The first of these impediments is the rock of extra modesty, which is not very remote from that of mauvaise honte ; if your hopes are ship- wrecked upon either, it will be doing injustice to your skill as a pilot. . . . "The next obstruction which opposes itself to your prospect of distinction is your undaunted admiration of- female beauty. This is a kind of ignis fatuus in which there is no positive danger in itself; but a student of law who wishes to become eminent in his profession should admit Vvith great caution the distracting influ- ence of that dear little diviuity called woman. "The transition is not very natural from love to politics, but it is of easy gradation from women to addresses, of which I shall speak presently. I remem- ber in one of our political talks you remarked to me hat your opinion of General Jackson was by no means 138 HEXRY V. SOMEKVILLE. SO unfavorable as miue. I think enough, and more than enough, has transpired since you left us to prove that my estimate of the hero's mind and character scarcely did justice to the ignorance of the one or the degradation of the other. "John Randolph said in his speech at Eichmond, which, perhaps, you have read, that he did not know whether the dissolution of the Cabinet was owing to Van Buren's head or to Margaret Eaton's ; but at any rate he was glad of it. "1 have been much engaged of late in preparing an address to the people of Maryland, in obedience to a resolution of the National Convention. ... I have, in every part of this appeal, endeavored to make facts the basis of the whole superstructure, simply throwing in here and there a little spice in the way of illustration. Your comment on the address of the con- vention is perfectly correct. It is a political 30th of January sermon. . . . "Believe me, I greatlj miss your society and our fre- quent chit-chats, and that you are respectfully remem- bered through my whole family." "May 23. "The Central Committee of Baltimore has ordered five thousand copies of my address, but whether it will produce much good effect in our State is a doubt- ful matter. "We still enjoy good health and spirits, and at this very delightful season you will be pleased to see how much Bloomsbury has improved. My orchards have grown beyond my hopes ; and the cutting of trees, HENRY V. SOMBRVILLE. 139 and particularly the antiquated chestnuts in the field below, have opened to the view from my front door a prospect of nearly three thousand fruit trees. The bloom is magnificent, and exhibits ever variety of hue. "Your successor continued with me until a few days since, and has now removed to Florida. He was ami- able, but no companion for me; how much of a long winter's evening, I missed our agreeable and instructive conversations ! Believe me, I shall ever remember with feelings of stratification, your very kind and gentleman, like deportment while a member of my household. . . Let me know what you think of the address." "October 9, 1832. "I have written you twice, and Tierna'i once, since we received your first letter. How happens it that you have never since written ? Have you forgotten us, have our letters never reached you ; or is your time absorbed in law, politics, and love ? As you will have learned before this reaches you, our party was beaten in Balti- more by nearly five thousand votes. The Irish popula- tion controlled the vote. Mr. Luke Tiernan was a can- didate for the House of Assembly; and, while both friends and foes admitted the purity of his politics and the excellence of his character, and while all acknowl- edged that as President of the Hibernian Society, his time and his purse had ever been freely given in kind- ness to his emigrating countrymen, for nearly forty years, yet, still he was deserted by those whom he had most befriended, for the sake of striplings in politics of whom the people knew nothing save and except that they electioneered under the Jackson banner. "This was not all ; the morning after the contest. 140 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. the pirtisaDS of the hero shrouded the door of Mr. Tiernan's counting-house with bh^ek crepe and low verses in ridicule of his defeat. Such is Jacksonism in Baltimore ! . . . "Miss Fanny Kemble is playing wonders in New York, and the Nullifiers the devil in South Carolina. There is one comfort, at any rate, — these Southern mad- caps cannot nullify the graces of pretty womm. For myself, unsought, unse^^n, I had rather be under the government of Miss Fanny and legislate in her own little capltol all the days of my life, than be subject to a Southern confederacy, headed by Calhoun or McUuffie, with the seat of government no man knows where, and the sort of government God only knows what. "We walked through the peach orchard to-day which you helped to plant. You would be surprised at its wonderful growth. I could not refrain from laugh- ing at the recollection of the planting scene ; 'twas pretty much like running from post to pillar, — you, with your lank roundabout, something like Peter Slim- mel with his seven-league boots, and then my long, graceless flannel gown, the breeze of Boreas throwing it sky-high like John Randolph's similes. * * * " "On June, 1835, Mr. Bigelow cpened an office at No. 10 Court Street, Boston, and in order to become known, at the suggestion of Hon. Abbott Lawrence, whose wife, Katharine Bigslow, was his cousin, he took lodgings at the Bromfield House, then a favorite old coaching house. 'The nomination of General Harrison, for Presi- HENRY V. SO.MERVILLE. 141 dent, by th*-, Whigs of Maryland, iuiliiced the following letter :, "HeKTRY V. SOMBRVILLB, EsQ., "Baltimore, Mb., "Boston, January 33, 1836. "My Deae Siii: "I could hardly believe my own eyes, when I saw your name appended to the official account of the pro- ceedings of the late Whig Convention in your State, which nominated William Henry Harrison as a candi- date for the Presidency. I have supposed that i/uu, at least, 'faithful among the faithless found,' would stand firm in the support of the only man (Daniel Webster) now before the People, fully worthy of the highest honors of the Constitution, and I cannot now reconcile the sanction, which you have given, to the nomination of your Convention, with what I have previously known of your political principles ; but, by supposing that you must have yielded your own prediictions and opinions, to the will of a majority. "So, then, we are to have William Henry Harrison for the next President!* and why? Because he gained *William Henry Harrison was defeated at this Election. Martin Van Buren received 170 electoral votes. William Henry Harrison, 73 votes. Daniel Webster received the 14 votes of Massa- chussetts. For the Presidential term from 1841 to 1845, Wil- liam Henry Harrison and John Tyler, received 234 votes. Martin Van Buren, $0 votes. 142 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. a doubtful glory, in a tomahawk fight at Tippecanoe ! and is military fame, supposing it to be as well earned as Napoleon's, to constitue a claim to the suffrages of a free people, for the highest civic office in their gift ? Ought it not rather to be an obstacle in the way of any man who aspires to j)olitical preferment? For my own part, I will always throw my vote against any one, no matter what his political principles might be, who claims office as a reward of military achievements ; because I will not aid in perpetuating in our young republic this 'noxious race of heroes,' nor intrust the liberties of our country in a hand accustomed only to wield the sword. "We have had enough of Chieftains, and military despotism during the past seven years, without adding another baneful precedent for posterity to follow ; nor could I reconcile it, with my opposition to Jackson in the outset, to support any m:in who asks for office with precisely similar claims. I put it to you, as an avowed suppo]'ter of Harrison's pretentions, if he would ever have been thought of as a candidate for the Presidency, had it not been for the reputation he has as a successful Captain ? And I ask of you, too, as a candid man, if the party with which you have been identified, did not, as far back as 1823, make it a serious objection to Jackson's nomination, that his military talents and fame were dangerous and alarming qualifications for the Chief Magistrate of our republic to possess. "The case is a plain one, and I read in it sad omens for my country. It is not asked, who is the best qualified for the office! It is not required that long public services, eminent talents, unsullied integrity and high political principles should be combined in one HEl^TRY V. SOMERVILLE. 143 individual— nay, all these are trifling, valueless and to be disregarded, but the great question is, who is the most availaUe candidate to be found to run into office, by dazzling the eyes of the people \\ith the false glare of military glory. And thus it comes to pass, that the Clerk of a County Court in Ohio, a man of defective education, limited capacity, and slight experience in politics, is preferred to a long-tried public servant, the ablest defender of the Constitution, the eminent states- man and jurist, whom friends and foe alike honor: because the former has the title of a General, and is supposed to have assisted in killing some few Indians on our Western frontier. I tremble at the consequences of this new doctrine of available candidates ; it substitutes false and nncertain standards of judging of men ; instead of the sure and safe criterion of merit, it is making a compromise between expediency and right ; it is sacrificing principle for the sake of succc ss. "I can never consent to palter with my sense of duty, nor give np one inch of ground, in order to secure the mere name of success, and I believe there is no surer method of ruining your own cause, than to attempt to constitute, in the place of jirinciple, false standards of acting and judging. "One thing is certain, that, in the coming contest, unless Webster should decline, Massaohussetts will give her electoral vote to him, and, although in so doing, she may be alone in her glory, still she will have been true to her principles, and to her candidate, and have given a vote, of which she may ever be j^roud. "We offer to the nation, a candidate whose high claims are not denied; and it now only remains for us to stand by our illustrious Senator to the last. 144 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. "I have been so negligent n cori'espondeut in time past, that I fear you will think I have almost forgotten you, but it is not so. "If yon knew how much pleasure I take in recall- ing the incidents of the year I passed at Bloomsbury ; how strongly my character and feelings were influenced in that important period of my life by your counsels and opinions, and by the rich stores I gathered from your Library, you could ask no profession or" remem- brance, or special punctuality in correspondence. I occassionally hear of you and yours, by means of a stray Baltimorean, who finds his way into this Northern region. "I am glad that you still retain your youthfuluess and gaiety, notwithstanding that the honors of paternity liave come so thick and fast upon you. "This life is surely too short to be passed in gloom or discontent. The philosophy of Epicurus and Chris- tianity alike, teach us to improve the passing hour. Pale death will come soon enough, -liquenda tellus et domus et placens uxor,' without needless anticipations of evil on our part; and it is our duty, as well as our happiness, to enjoy the blessings wh'ch are given to us. "Your children, those I mean who were my pupils, must have changed much since I saw them. "Tiernan, I suppose, is a young man of eighteen, just starting in life. I feel much interested in his wel- fare and happiness. "Miss Ann Eebecca, too, must ere this, have blushed into blooming womanhood, and if her maturity has realized the promise of her childhood, she will doubtless make a fascinating woman. I hope they both cherish for me as kind a remembrance, as can ever be felt HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. 145 towards a task master. James, Henry, and Agnes, are, I pre«ume, still struggling np the hill of knowledge; ask them if they remember that portionof the way which they travelled over in my company. "I sometimes wish I could see, once more, the group that used to be collected in the little school room, around the green table. I often, in imagination, recall it. I hope they do not regard me, in the light of a grim Pluto set over them, to compel them to study; or if they do the time will come when they will deeply appreciate the restraints which were imposed upon them. •'There is much truth in the old adage of 'Kissing the rod.' "I am still in this city of Puritans, in the practice of my profession — the law — with the prospect before me, which usually opens before young Barristers. "In England the motto of the Bar is, 'Sixty, and a coronet,' in our land of republican simplicity, it is changed to 'Sixty, and a competency.' "Should you ever wander so far north as Boston, you will find me in our Inns of Court, probably wait- ing for a brief. "I will promise to protect you, while here, from incendiary pamphlets and anti-slavery fanatics, and to show you the most thriving and prosperous people on the globe. "You could not spend your time or money, in a better way, than in looking over our institutions, and in studying the habits of our people. "A month in the summer, I am sure, would be passed by you most agreeably in our northern Metropo- lis — why will you not come and try ? "1 have written this letter 'currente adaino,' fear- 146 HEXRY V. SOMERVILLE. iug that if I laid down, or even mended my pen, I should not finish it. Excuse the haste in which it is written ; and encourage me to write you a better one? by giving me an early reply. "Present my respects and remembrances to Mrs. Somerville, and beJieve me, "Yours, most Respectfully "and Truly, "George Tyler Bigelow." Mr. Somerville's company was much sought after, on account of his agreeable manners, and cultivated conversation. The following letters to him, from Charles Carroll, are an evidence of the friendship that existed between them: "Henry V. Somerville, Esq., "Bloomsbury, "Baltimore Co., "DOUGHOREGAN MaNOR, "December 22, 1834. "Dear Somerville: "Mr. Clay, and several gentlemen from Washing- ton and Baltimore, are coming to spend Christmas here. "According to your promise, I hope you will pack your trunk for a few days, and join us on Wednesday by 4 o'clock. "I can promise you egg nog, &c., &e. HENEY V. SOMEKVILLE. 147 "Merry Christmas ! if you are disposed to make it so. "Truly yours, "Charles Careoll. "Please let me hear from you, and direct to Ellicott's Mills." Another note says: "Dear Somerville : "Some friends will dine with me (sans facon) on Friday. "Bring- up a good saddle horse, as we shall hunt Saturday morning. "Yours truly, "Ch. Carroll. "February 18th." Mr. Somerville wrote very pretty verses, as w^ell as serious prose. The following was written in an album : "I saw the following verses in Miss Gay Bernard's Album, which had been written by Mrs. General Win- field Scott. "Women have many faults, we know — The men have only two. There's nothing ever right, they say, There's nothing right they do !" "Maria Mayo Scott." 148 HENRY V. SOMERVILLE. Under this I wrote : "The men have many faults we know ! And girls are nanghty too. They match each other wondrous well. In everything they do ! "For if the men do nothing right, And never say what's true — "What pretty fools must women he — To Love them, as they do ! "H. V. SOMERVILLE." The following verses were written by him, shortly after his Marriasre: "The Sweet Little Girl That I Love ! '•What I prize most, and what I adore, 'Tis the sweet little Girl that I love ! My soul to high Heaven, seems ready to soar, When I think of the Girl that I love ! If my days are too happy, 'tis when I am near The sweet little Girl that I love ; And if they should ever be dashed with a tear, 'Tis still for the sweet Girl that I love. "If in this wide world, I can feel trust in aught, 'Tis alone in the Girl that I love, If I learn to be true, the lesson is taught By the dear little Girl that I love. HENRY V. SOMERYTLLE. 1-49 And when for soft pleasures, my soul is prepared, 'Tis with the dear little Girl that I love; And, if I should pray that my life may be spared, 'Tis for the dear little Girl that I love. "What object on earth, to my heart can I press, Like the dear little Girl that I love. The air that I live on, I value for less. Than the sweet little Girl that I love ; I feel that existence itself, would be vain. Were it not for the Girl that I love,— With her, all is pleasure, without her all is pain. The dear sweet little Girl that I love. "pi. v. somekyille. "My Own Dear Wife.'' The paper on which these verses are written is very much worn, showing that the verses had been very often read, and that the feeling which had dictated them, was valued and appreciated, by her to whom they liad been addressed. Mr. Somerville, in his last Will and Testament, which was dated August 1, 1837, gave evidence that the sentiments of his early life had been preserved unimpaired to the end. After the usual commencement. "' * * And being desirous to settle my worldly affairs, and thereby be the better prepared to leave this world, when it shall please God to call me hence," * * * and a few legacies, he says : ii * * Having the most perfect confidence in the prudence and capacity of my dear wife, Rebecca ; and sensible of her havin": most faithfullv discharged 150 HEIilEY V. SOMEKVILLE. to my entire satisfaction all the various duties of a Wiff^ and Mother — as an evidence, therefore, of my regard and esteem, I do give and devise unto my dear wife, Rebecca, all my estate, real, personal and mixed, to her and to her heirs forever. * * * " H. V. Somerville died August 29, 1837. C. B. Tiernan has the Bill from H. W. Jenkins & Son, for a Mahogany Coffin for Mr. H. V. Somerville, $35.00. William C. Somerville. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 153 His elder brother, William Clarke Somerville, was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland, March 25, 1790, died in France, January 5, 1826. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, says: "He possessed various accomplishments, and was striking in his personal appearance. After the death of General Henry Lee, in 1818, he purchased "Stratford," in Westmoreland Connty, Virginia, where he lived with great eleo-ance." He was educated at William and Mary College, Williamsbnro- Vireinia. His picture here, is taken from the original copper plate engraving, taken in 1808, by Julien" St. Memin, now ia the possession of C. B. Tiernau. These pictures were taken in black crayon, upon pink paper, life size, with the profile to the left ; by a physionotrace, by means of which the human profile conld be copied with mathematical accuracy. It was then reduced by a pantograph, with the profile to the right, and engraved on copper within a circle of two inches in diameter. St. Memin reserved two of the engraved imj^ressions for himself. The Corcoran Gallery in Washington now has one of his collections, in which this one is marked "No. 624, William C. Somerville, Lawyer and Charge d'affaires." In 1811, he became engaged to be married to Miss Sarah Conyers, of Eichmond, Virginia, a young lady of beauty and. refinement, who, unfortunately, lost her life in the dreadful fire in the Eichmond Theatre, on 154 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. December 26, 1811, on which occasion, the Governor of the State, and upwards of seventy other persons also perished. His friend, N. Randolph, announced the sad news to him, in this letter, the following day : "December 27, 1811. ''My Dearest Friend : "Exert all your fortitude and Philosophy, to bear the most unparalelled affliction. "Last night, th Lortl Byron was very partial to Americans, antl saitl that he woultl rather have a bow from an Ameri- can, than an invitation to take snuff with an Emperor. C. B. Tiernan has a number of his Note Books? WILLIAM C. SOMEKVILLE. 16? Which are full of ol)serviitions upon what he saw, and the people whom he met, and the characteristics of the Countries that he visited. It is hoped that the following extracts from them, will be interestinof and entertainino- • "Xew York, \^ednesdaj, December 3, 18 IT, 1 came on board the 'Minerva,* Captain Sketchly, at 12 o'clock today, and she had already weighed anchor for LiverpooL ***** IrBLaxd. "January 2, 1818. The storm from the Eastward;, rendering it impossible to proceed up the Channel, the Captain resolved to ])ut into Cork. As wf approacheJ the entrance of the harbor, the scene was awful and sublime. The wind was vei-y violent, and the waves were dashing furiously against the rocks on the shore. Immediately before us, after passing the Strait, we discovered rows of houses along the north side of the hills, which the pilot infoi-med me, was the *Cove of Cork. '■The entrance into the hai-bor is very narrow ; and the promontoi'ies on which stand the Forts, verv abrupt. On our right, was Trabulgan, the seat of Colonel Koche, the first residence I have seen of a European gentleman. It is modestly situated between two high hills, is built of grey stone, and presents to the sea, an extensive front, two hundred feet, that carries with it an air of grandeur and magnificence. ^Xow called Queenstowu, in honor of Queen Victoria's visit in 1819 168 "WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. "To a man wlio has been, for a month, tossing upon the sea, exposed to a succession of calms, and rains, and storms, what can be more delightful than to find himself relieved from the perilous vicissitudes of the ocean, by landing on one of the most beautiful countries of the globe. "At 12 o'clock, we cast anchor, and descending directly into a boat, I Avas landed at Cove, and for the first time, trod upon the soil of Europe. "The first sign had the name of Fitzpatrick. "The City of Cork is situated on the river Lee, about eighteen miles aloove Cove. I had already resolved to travel through Ireland, and finding a little steamboat just setting out for the City, we went on board. Everything here wears a militai'y physiognomy. The 8th Regiment is embarking for Malta; and I have just witnessed an extreme instance of conjugal fidelity. A wife of a soldier who had been debarred the privilege of attending her husband, making an attempt to drown herself, from excess of grief. "National grandeur costs a great deal of human suffering. "As we landed in Cork, the florid complexions of the inhabitants, the dress, and above all, the laborious occupations in which women are engaged, exhibited a scene different from anything in America. We are in a comfortable hotel. The women wear bine cloaks with hoods for bonnets. The men are a fine looking, hardy race. I have met with an interesting old gentle- man, Mr. Lambert, who entertained me with stories of other times. He remembered perfectly the rebellion in Scotland in 1745. At Passage, we procured a jingle, a two wheel carriage drawn by one horse, with a driver WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 169 mounted on a dickey,, and seats for four persons whose backs are turned to the wheels. The road was shaded by groves of beech and elm, and bordered by walls that were covered with moss and crowned with ivy. The cheapness of labor was universally evinced by its effects on every side of ns. "It was in riding to the beautiful seat of Mr. Pen- rose on the other side of the river, that Mr. Curran said to a peasant on a very lean horse. My friend! I tJjink you ought to have that animal put on the peace estab- lishment!' and was answered: 'And so I will, your Honor I when you get your tongue put i^pon the Civil List: "We dined to-day with the amiable family of Mr. Harvey." Mr. Somerville went from Cork to Killarney,. returned to Cork, and went by way of Kilkenny, Carlow, Naas, to Dublin, IGO miles. "January G, 1818. As soon as I reached Killar- ney, 1 went to view the seat of Lord Kenmare, its ])ro- prietor. Lord Kenmare is in Paris. The house is a long two-storied edifice, built in the old fashioned style of the days of Elizabeth. It is the first nobleman's house I was ever in. I saw nothing splendid, but everything was old, and, therefore, respectable. The grounds are laid out with the stiff formality of ancient times. To me, this was not disagreeable, because it was unlike that to which I have been accustomed. Art is novelty to an American, Nature to a European. 170 WILLIAM C. SOMERVlLLE. "On askino" a cottasfer the character of Lord Ken- mare, he replied, 'He never oppressed the poor.' "January 7. If yesterday was a day of enchant- ment amid the wikl scenery of Kilhu'ney, tliis has been one of melancholy pleasure. At 10 o'clock, I set out with General D., in a jaunting car to visit Muckross Abbey, on the demesne of Mr. Herbert. The Abbey struck me with awe and admiration. The walls are mantled with ivy, and the Churchyard filled with tombs. Graves on gr.ives are being dug, lengthways and crossvvays ; and sculls and bones were piled by the walls. These had been disentombed, by a rage among the people, to be interred in this venerable s^^ot. "Well might the Dake of Kutland e\claim, on viewing this place: 'Another Louis XIV., may erect another Versailles, but God can only create a second Muckross Abbey/ "From the Abbey we went to view the grounds of Mr. Herbert. The approach to his house is beautiful beyond description. A gravelled road winds for half a mile through a road of evergreens, with occasional views of the Lake. Tlie Holly, the laurel, the iir, &c*, &c., form almost a bower over your head, and I could scarcely believe it was the middle of winter. "At 6 o'clock Captain Herbert of the Royal Navy, sent his chariot iov me, and I went to dine with him at Ciihirnane, the seat of his father. Our aci[uaintance was formed accidentally, and became more cordial in consequence of our having been once opposed in arms. He has four or five sisters, remarkably genteel and well bred. "I returned to Killarney at 15^, and felt regret at WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 171 leaving a neighborhood where I have received so many offers of hospitality. "January 8. We left Killarney, after breakfast, in the mail coach for Cork. We-passed over extensive Boofs, from which the turf for fuel is cut. It makes an excellent fire, and I prefer it to coal ; it lights quickly and is )noi"e animated. "We made the acquaintance of Captain De Courcey's wife, a relation of Bleunerhasset,* whose family was one of the most respectable in Ireland. She sent her husband to wait on us, and we were gratified by his generous offers of hospitality. He is the son of Admiral De Courcey, and the nejjhew of Lord King- sale, and as we are going to leave Cork to-morrow, has pressed us to receive letters of introduction from him. "Kilkenny is said to be remarkable for " 'Fire without smoke,' Earth without bog ; Water without mud ; And Air without fog.' "In Carlow resides Bernard Wright, who received £500 from a Sheriff, during the Eebellion, for having a Note written in French ; which proved to be an Invitation to dine with a French Abbe. "In passing through Naas, a Skull caught my at- tention, on the top of a jail. It had been there since *iVron Burr's friend, William Wirt, at the trial of Burr, in Richmond, Va., in 1807, exclaimed "Who is Blennerhasset ?" 172 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. the time of the Rebellion, and belonged to one of those unfortunate beings who fell a sacrifice in the cause of Irish Independence. "As I entered Dublin, a gentleman pointed out the spot where Robert Emmet was hanged, and where Lord Edward Fitzgerald was assassinated. "Turning suddenly on his left, the coachman drove with great velocity, crossed the Liffey on the Queen's Bridge : The Guard sounded his bugle to warn the chariots, carts, and passengers to give way to the Royal Mail, and turning down the left bank of the river, the grand quays of Dublin, we passed in ([uick succession an infinite variety of interesting objects in the scene before us. "Sunday, January 11. To-day I have become ac- quainted with Mr. Hay, Secretary to the Catholics, and Mr. (Daniel) O'Connell, an eminent Patriot Lawyer. "Monday, January 12. I have been this morning to view the Bank, which was formerly the Parliament House of Ireland. It is said to be the most stately edifice of the kind in Europe. It has three fronts with grand porticos of the Ionic order. "I have never heard an Irishman who seemed to pant for the prosperity of Ireland, mention the present uses of this building, or the Union, but with a sorrow beyond anything you can imagine. Whenever I have endeavored to probe the opinions of the dependants of government, their highest praise has been a shrug of doubtfulness. More generally, however, he has pre- served an awful silence, and with a yawning expression of countenance, looked around as if he were gazing on vacancy and thinking of nothing. "I dined with Mr. O'Connell to-day. He is a WILLIAM r. SOMERVILLE. 173 Patriot of disting-uislieJ talents; with a most amiiible family. "xVbout three quarters of a mile above the Custom House, on the same side of the Liffey, is a very graiul edifice called the 'Four Courts.' ITuder its Dome is a superb saloon of a circular form, in which a crowd of lawyers and clients are generally doing business during the session of the Courts. The members of the Bar wear black gowns and curled wigs, dashed with powder. The rooms in which the Courts sit, are small and ill contrived. '"'I heard Mr. Plunkett, whose remarks were ingenious and sound ; but there was nothing ex- traordinary in his voice or his manner. His voice was distinct, and his manner not graceful, as there was very little action, and that with his l)ody mnch inclined for- ward. "We embarked on board the Packet, four miles below Dublin, at 1 1 o'clock last ni^ht. Though the moon shone, we had not a fair opportunity of walking on the extensive wall that has been built into the bay, foi" the protection of the harbor. On returning, we found the barrier gate closed, and a sentinel pacing his solitary round in front of it ; but a little douceur relieved us of our difficulty. "Tuesday, January 27. The packets from Dublin to Holyhead are in the pay of the government for mail ; and are the only governmental machines that I have not found on a magnificent scale. It would not be easy for an American, accustomed to superb steamboats 174 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. iiiul comfortable packets, to conceive any more Avretched than these. "We were iu a small cabin of a sloop, huddled together iu confusion, members of Parliament, Lords, otBcers of the army, and ladies of the first distinction. The distance is sixty miles, and though but twelve hours onboard, we were uncomfortable enough. But I will say no more, lest you should fancy me libelling the chain of communication between the two greatest Cities of the British Empire. Travellers must not deal in wonders. England. "Thursday, January 29. The inclemency of the season determined me to travel, Post, to London, a dis- tance of two-hundred and seventy miles." "It was dark, when we crossed the ferry from the Isle of Anglesea to North Wales, and the moon shone finely as we passed through some of the most romantic scenes in that picturesque country. I must not forget the beautiful vale of Llangollan, which might be easily passed on the stranger for one of those enchanting scenes which are so superbly described in Lalla Rookh. "Near the village of Llangollan, is the beautiful cottage of Lady Ann Butler and Miss Ponsonby, two ladies of most respectable families in Ireland. It is said, they have been the most devoted friends from their infancy, that they possessed a considerable share of beauty, and had minds embellished by some of the finest accomplishments of their sex. That both of them formed an attachment in early youth, to a young gentle- man of prepossessing manners, but, that this gallant thario was incapable of reciprocating their sentiments. AVILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 175 or valuing the'r charms. That their sensibility was so keenly mortified by their disappointment, that they mutually resolved to forswear the happiuess of mar- riage and to devote their lives to soothing the afflictions of others. They have lived here many years, and scat- tered blessings on the neighboring poor, from the pro- ceeds of a large fortune. "We dined in Birmingham, a large manufacturing town, where I saw more pretty girls than in any place since I reached Europe. "When light dawned on us, we were in the vicinity of the Metropolis of this Empire. Notwithstanding the extreme fatigue I had undergone, many a time did I put my head out of the window to catch a sight of St. Paul's. The number of houses for miles, gave the road the ap])earance of a village. We passed the Bank of England, the immense pile of St. Paul's, and aftei- driving three miles through the Strand and Piccadilly, we stopped at Long's Hotel, on Bond Street. "I rose to breakfast, in the afternoon, and saw for the first time, the splendid equipages rolling in endless succession down Bond Street. "12 o'clock at night. I have just returned from Drnry Lane Theatre. It is a beautiful house, of the figure of a horse shoe. The stair cas? is very grand, and the saloon, handsomer than anything of the kind I ever saw. It is lighted by fifty chandaliers, with can- dles. The ladies were dressed as for a Ball. "Kean, who is the great actor of the day, played the part of Peuben Glenroy, in 'Town and Country.' He has a small figure, and a hoarse voice ; but in gesture, he is powerful ; in expression, admirable ; and 17G WILLIAM C. SOMER\'ILLE. in the sudden transition of voice, wonderful. It was in that scene in which Reuben is informed of the imagined elopement of Rosalie, that I first perceived in him the powers of a great actor. He did not sti'ain his voice and manner into rant, nor rave like a madman, but showed in every gesture and look, the convulsion of despair. "Sunday, February 1. I have seen a Prince, for the first time in my life I This was the Duke of Sussex, to whom I bore a letter of introduction. We took a coach from our Hotel, and, after passing Hyde Park, drove under the arch into the area that forms the Court Yard of Kensington Palace. The Palace itself, is a plain building of an antique appearance. "After entering the door, we passed down an un- furnished passage, ascended a flight of narrow stone steps, and were then conducted by the servants through a long passage, to the Prince's Ante-room. "The servant then requested our cards, and I gave also the letter of introduction for his Royal Highness. "In the meantime, I took my seat with anxious expectation and entered into conversation with some gentlemen who were also waiting to see the Prince. After a short interval the servant returned and ushered ns into the Library, where the Duke was seated. He rose as we entered, advanced, bowed very graciously, and begged us to be seated. His manners are easy, polite, and affable, and all of his deportment was full of good breeding and dignity. "After we had remained almost fifteen minutes, we were about to retire, when he begged us to remain, which circumstances required us to do, for near an hour. I felt the noveltv of mv situation for some time, after I WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 177 went in; b'lt before I left him, his politeness removed all restraint, and restored the balance of my mind. Our conversation was chiefly political, and I was grati- fied to find in him, a friend of reMgious toleration and political liberty. "The votaries of non-resistance, and passive obedi- ence to legitimate government, call him a Jacobin ; whilst the old Whigs call him by way of pre-eminence, 'The Royal Orator.' By this he is, perhaps, flattered ; for he spoke almost entirely, during my stay, and with a fluency and intelligence, that rendered his conversa- tion agreeable. Of the situation and prospects of all nations, he spoke with great frankness and with an enlightened libera'itv. "About four o'clock this evening, we called at the Duke of Bedford's, but he was not to be in to^vn, until after Easter. We extended our walk to Hyde Park, to see the Sunday afternoon's promenade and splendid procession of equipages. Imagine some hundreds of thousands of people, decked off in their gayest apparel, after being pent up in the city for a week, enjoying the recreation of a country scene and fine atmosphere; imagine these, streaming along in contrary currents of such thickness that the eye cannot penetrate through the crowd; imagine a thousand equipages, coaches, chariots, barouches, landaus, gigs, curricles and phaetons, drawn by beautiful horses, with the coachman on the box, and two footmen standing behind, in costly liveries; imagine these filled with the beauty and rank, and title of the British Empire, and all moving slower than any funeral procession, with the rows of fine buildings of the west end on your right, and the green turf of the 178 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. Park, on your left, and you have the best idea I can give you of this exhibition. "February 3. We visited Lard Fingall and Mr. Jerningham on Monday, and we were at a pleasant supper at Mr. , where we saw several persons of rank, without discovering any particular charms in nobility. The only thing I fomd beautiful in the Ladies, was their bosoms, some of which were exquisitely formed and invitingly revealed. "If ever there was a moment in my life, when the feelings of patriotism were uppermost in my mind, it was that in which I was viewing the deplorable condi- ion of Ireland ; and contemplating the extremes of poverty and greatnesss in England. "February 25. We left London at 1 o'clock yes- terday afternoon, and reached Chatham, nearly thirty miles, by twilight. Nothing can be more pleasingly neat, than the new style of building in the environs of London. The houses are all thrown back sixty to eighty feet from the street, with very pretty yards in front, which give an air of retired snugness and comfort to ihem, which is delightful to contemplate. "At Blackheath is the residence of the Princess Bophia, of Gloucester ; and in its garden, is the site of the former residence of the unfortunate Princess of Wales, and at some distance beyond was pointed out to us, the re?idence of the most truth telling Lady Douglass. The palace of the Princess was decorated according to WILLIAM C. SOMEKVILLE. 17'.) her own taste, but, bus, since her depurture for the Con- tinent, been razed to the very ground. "1 do not assume the right of determining whether her conduct was correct or otherwise ; but she is cer- tainly 1" uch l)eloved in tiiis neighborhood, and her misfortunes are sympathized in, by the mass of the British people, in a manner that vindicates the rights. of women, and does honor to the nation, "The fall of Napoleon has diminished the jealousy with which strangers are watched, and, therefore, I was suffered to stroll without interruption from the lines of Chatham to those of Brompton. "In London, and everywhere that I have been in the British Empire, the military dress is conspicuous. To heighten the fierceness of their countenances, they are so germanizod, as to mount a pair of curled mous- taches, and it is deemed so genteel to look ferocious, that you may meet a chubby cheeked dandy, or an emasculated rake with these elegant ornaments in bold relief on his lazy lip." Frais'ce. ^'Calais, February 27, 1818. "The costume and physiognomy alone would have assured me I was in a foreign land. About the French there is something always gay. Over the fire-place was the jolly face of Louis XVIIL, where Bonaparte once hung. "We breakfasted at Boulogne. This was the first spot 1 have known to have been trodden by the tremen- djus Bonaparte. It is true I had seen a display of oflB- cious loyalty over a door, where were printed in large 180 WILLIA.M C. SOMERVILLE. letters, 'Vive le roi, et la famille Bourbon.' The latter words had been perhaps twice substituted for L'Em- pereur,' and the obliterated, 'egalite fraternite,' were yet indistinctly visible. "The Coach is driven by a, postillion, and drawn by five horses, three before two. The conductor carries the passports, and is responsible for the baggage. Three pretty little girls, with caps and wooden shoes, were running along the road this morning, and while the postillion was carrying on a dialogue with their father, the girls kept pace with our coach, and singing with great vivacity, dancer! to the tune of each cotillion with admirable dexterity. Nothing could be more pleasing than the hilarity of their countenances or more simply genteel, than the manner in which they claimed a little boon for the favor. 'Quelque chose s'i! vous plait, monsieur, pour la danse.' *'The hand of labor is everywhere visible, and many of the fields are admirably tilled, though by nature rather barren, yet laborers were nowhere to be seen. The secret I believe to be this : they all live in villages, and at this season are oc 'upied in other pur- suits. There is geueral'y near each village, an old Chateau, which had once been the habitation of the proprietor of the village, built in the formal stiff style of architecture, which might accord with the taste of those who wore armor. "Paris, Sunday, March 1. At 3 o'clock, I sallied forth into the gardens of the Tuileries, and saw for the first time all the fashionable world of France, prome- ^VILLIAM C. SOMERVILLK. 181 ^iculiag, with grace in their steps, and gaiety in their countenances. Imagine, this area capable uf holding •ten thousand persons, tilled with carriages, and horses, and foot passengers, with the Royal guard (once the •Imperial) and a body of Cuirassiers under review by some of those Marshals of whom you have heard so much. Imagine in the centre of this, the triumphal •rER\TLLE. heads of great men of very opposite characters, Fred- erick the Great and the Duke of Marlhoroiigh. "Versailles, Sunday, May 20. The great waters have played to day, and all th-"; world have crowded to see iheni. The highway exhibitetl a line of landaus, coaches, ehariots and diligences, and it was a scene of the most interesting animation. '•I drove first the great Trianon, to see the favorite residence of Marie Louise. It is a beautiful palace, one story high, built entirely of variously colored mar- bles. In passing through one of the drawing rooms, our attention was attracted by the elegance of some pieces of furniture. A large baptismal bowl of the most beautiful green, occupied the centre of the floor. They had been presented by the Emperor Alexander, to the Emperor Napoleon, at the time it was fancied the latter was to espouse a Eussian princess. "Mrs. • — pointed to me in a low whispe-r, the spots whence the Eagles had been effaced. She was heard by one of the attendants, who, with a look of audacious impudence, said, 'No, Madame, you are mis- taken, they are not Eagles, but Chickens, we have sent to market.' She smiled with her usual good temper at the impertinence, and with a look of bitter pleasantry and patriotic humiliation, said to me: 'Yes! but the Prussians have pocketed the price.' "Sunday, May 17. 'Mon Dieu, Monsieur,' said my little valet to me, this morning, 'il ya nn beau spec- tacle an jour d'hui, C'est le corps du Prince de Conde' qui est expose en parade. Tout Paris court pour le voir.' "Saturday, May 23. I went today to see the coffin ■WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 185 of the Prince de Oonde lying in State. The front of his palace, and the porter's lodge, were Inmg with black cloth. Finally I rea3hed the bed-room. It also was hnng with black, and though a hundred candles were burning in it, nothing was distinct. Under a rich canopy, was a very costly coffin, which contained the mortal remains of the poor old grandfather, (he was 83 years of age,) of the Duke d'Engliieu.* On my left was an altar, before which the priests had been saying Mass for eight days, and in the centre of the room a passage down which, those who had tickets, w^ere suf- fered to pass to sprinkle holy water on the coffin. "After leaving, I went to see the Chamber of Deputies, which was originally a part of the Conde palace. I was shown the 'Salle,' by an old man, whose respectable demeanor excited my curiosity, and led me to inquire into his history. He told me, he had held his present station during all the changes of the last five-and- twenty years. That he had been present at all the assemblings and dissolutions of the different bodies that had occupied that Hall. With the exception of the gentleman, who presides over the Saints Chapelle, this is the only individual I have yet met with, who has weathered the storms of this extraordinary period. "The Chamber of Deputies, is certainly entitled to the appellation of superb, though very far inferior to the magniticent saloon, which was destroyed by the British at Washing-ton. "Tuesday, May 26. I saw the magnificent funeral of the Prince de Conde, as it passed lender the trium- *He was shot in 1804. 186 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. phal arch of Louis XIV, (Porte St. Deuis,) on its way to the Cathedral of St. Denis. "Such an immense crowd of people were collected to see the ftrneral cortege, that all the streets and boule- vards leading- into the rue St. Denis, were completely choked uj). At I ist some horsemen opened an avenue through the crowd, for the approaching procession. The handsomest Marshal in France, Suchet, led the advance, and was followed by the other Marshals and general officers. After these, came the national and royal guards. Then the Hearse, drawn by eight black horses; after these came thirty or forty mourning coaches, with six horses, covered with black cloth, em- broidered with silver fleur de lis; then the poor; and then almost all the artillery and infantry kept in this metropolis. ^'May 29. In the royal Chapel of the Tuileries, I observed a white flag hanging alone, on one side of the Altar. On enquiry I understood it to have been placed there, because it was the only flag in France, when Bonaparte returned, that continued true to the cause of the Bourbons. "June 1, 2 and 3. I have had a sitting each of these days with Mr. Ducis, for my Portrait. "June 5. I have been to the 'Legion d'Honneur,' and a second time to the Pantheon, to-day. "June 20. I devoted this morning to the Italian and Flemish schools in the gallery of the Louvre. "I could but pause again, to admire the 'Interior WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 18? OF A House,' which is one of the most extraordinary paintings I have yet seen. The children on the floor, the woman at work, with the liglit rendering actnally trans- parent the scarlet robe that she sews, the furniture, the view of the grove through the window, are wonder- fully executed, so that hiding the frame, by looking through a tube, they have actually so much body and life, that the eye can scarcely believe it a picture. "The author of this exquisite production, is said to have been a German, unknown to fortune, and to fame. This effort of his genius, was exhibited last year, and was bought by the King, at 15,000 francs. But melan- choly to relate, the unfortunate genius died of poverty, during the exhibition, before he knew that the prize was awarded to him. "Sunday, June 29, 1818. This has been one of the most delightful days, I have spent in France. "I have been to St. Germain's. On the route, I stopped to visit Malmaison, the residence of the gen- erous JosEPHXE. I have not found as much comfort and beauty combined, at any Chateau in France. There is neatness united with splendor, within ; and taste and judgment, in the grounds without. "Her Pictures still remain in her Gallery; but among them, none excited so lively an interest, as that of herself, leaning pensively on a table, and looking at the bust of ]N"apoleon. "In the garden, I was pleased with the T.'mple of Cupid. In the centre stands a statue of the little god of mischief, with this incription: 'Whoever thou art. here is thy Master. He is, he was, or he will be I' 188 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLH. "July 4, 1818. We have celebrated the Anniver- sary of our Independence, by a Dinner at Grignon's. Mr. Brown, the Senator from New Orleans, was our President, and among the guests, was our illustrious benefactor, the Marqitis de Lafayette, the Couxt DE Segdr, and others. "Though the assemblage w,ts, perhaps, sixty in number, the dinner passed with decorum. , "One of the Toasts was : 'The tirst Congress. The Monument of their glory, is a Nation's Liberty. "Mine was : 'The United States. The Nation that gave us birth ! May she never violate the rights of others ; nor fail to vindicate her own." "July 5. Immediately after breakfast, I ordered my cabriolet, and accompanied by Captain W of the British Navy, set out for Versailles. "We returned by way of St. Cloud, and saw in the beautiful valley of D'Avray, the chateau of Madame La Valette, who so happily rescued her husband (she changed clothes with him in prison,) from a death which the atrocious doctrine of passive obedience ren- dered legal. 'The avenues were filled with various groups pro- menading in every direction. Among them was the Duchess d'Angoulome, marching with as long a train of attendants and soldiers as if she had been a state prisoner. I doubt whether a great Republic might not be supported out of the trappings alone of Royalty. "To the north were the town and palace , and gardens of St. Cloud, whose water-works were playing in honor of the King, who was taking his drive in a splendid landau, drawn by eight horses, and surrounded WILLIAM C. SOMBRVILLE. 189 by his guards. Just opposite was the village of Bou- logne, where several thousand gaudily dressed peasants were assembled to celebrate the fete of the village, by dancing on the green, with much gayer countenances than the royal family we had just seen. "Tuesday. I have been to-night to a fete extra- ordinaire, in the gardens of Tivoli: of all the amuse- ments, the descent from the artificial mountains in flying cars, is beyond doubt, the most animating. "The little temple on the top. was gaily illumi- nated ; each side of the course was hung with double festoons of lamps ; at the foot of the descent, before the course rises to moderate the fury of the cars, is a bridge fancifully lighted, under which they pass, as through a channel, cut of rugged rocks. I descended twice in one of these cars with the beautiful Miss Talbot of Ireland, nor can I fancy any- thing more euchantingly vivid, than the feelings I en- joyed in the descent. Imagine yourself seated by the side, and for the moment the protector of one of the loveliest women of the age; imagine the car descending with the velocity of lightning, environed by brilliant wreaths of lamps ; passing under an illuminated bridge as if descending into a cave in which you do not tarry long enough to see that its revolving lights are not magical. Before rushing out a sudden blaze of illumi- nation, surrounds you and your car, reposes before a little temple, more splendid than the dream of a poet, imagine this and say: could you not fancy yourself driving with an angel through the heavens, on the back of a comet. 190 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. "^Outtiide the Cemetery of Pere la Chaise, at the extremity of the hill, which overlooks the plain of Vincennes, near the mausoleum of the cruel and rapa- cious Massena, is the tomb of Ney. A simple iron railing, with neither inscription nor monument, sur- rounds his grave. He had formerly been interred in another part of the ground, but the crowd of admiring visitors who came to sprinkle flowers over his Tomb, was so great, and the public sympathy so much kept alive by this circumstance, that it was ordered to be removed and secretly deposited in its present place. A soldier who owed his life to the protecting genius of Ney, in the disastrous flight from Moscow, had dis- covered, and was gazing with pensive gratitude on the earth that covered his benefactor. Ney's loyalty was not adherance to an individual, but devotion to his country, and he thought that no man could be guilty, whose only crime was his fighting to defend her. "The same soldier pointed out to us, at the foot of the hill, between the wall and the path to the tomb of Abelard, the grave of Labedoyere. "Tuesday, July 14. I went at 2 o'clock, to see the paintings of Gerard. This is at present the most celebrated painter in France, and is unquestionably a a man of considerable merit. He is now painting the triumphal Entry of Henry IV., into Paris ; but there is not even a horse in it that has not thrown himself into a violent contortion for effect. "Friday, July 17. I have been again to the Abbe WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. l91 8ic\ird's to-day and have been astonished to observe the progress he his made in the art of signs. There is scaicelv an idea th:it he catuiot cf)ni:iinnicate to the Deaf and Dumb with the greatest quickness and ac- curacy. The most remarkable pupil he has, perhaps, is Massieu, who is, indeed, a man of wonderful penetration and considerable genius. Any individual is suffered to ask him any question ; and I believe, no one present could have replied with half his promptness and ac- curacy. On being asked: 'What is Hope?' he replied, 'The blossom of happiness.' 'Why?' 'Because the blossom promises, but does not always produce fruit.' He gave a very long, comprehensivt? and original defini- tion of God, the whole of which I cannot recollect, and H part would do injustice to his definition. When he had done, a subtle thinker attempted to puzzle him, by asking the difference between God and Nature. His reply was instautaneous as usual : 'God is the eternal) and Omnipotent Being, the Creator of all things. His Will is Law; and that Law is nature.' "He defined the Soul to be 'A spirit destined to be the King of the human body.' "I cannot omit recording the neat compliment paid the Abbe, by the wife of the Austrian Ambassador, at the close of the examination. "I have but one thing to regretj Abbe, in seeing this Listitution.' I am sorry that you have seen any- thing to give you pain, Madame, replied the Abbe, who is rather vain of his merits. 'It is only,' said she, 'that I had not been deaf and dumb, the first twenty years of mv life.' 192 william c. somerville. England. "July 23, 1818. We had a prosperous breeze, which brought us to Dover in three hours. The packet boat was crowded with passengers, among whom were a Kussian noble and his suite. The females of thf party were frightfully ugly. To frames huge and unsightly, they added the features of some of the tribes of Tartars. I have never seen females so free from feminine attrac- tion." He went from London, to Twickenham, Hampton, Windsor. *'I have seen no prospect in England, that pleases me as much as, "'Thy Forest, Windsor! and thy green retreat. At Oiice the Monarch's and the Muse's seat.' "The gratification I derived from this landscape was equal to my expectations, and these were heightened by conversations in those days of delicious boyhood, when, " 'We leaned the book on pleasure's bowl, And turned the leaf with folly's feather V "Blenheim. You are aware that the taste of the British nation in Gardening, has undergone an entire revolution in the last century. The straight avenues and formal squares, which delighted the eyes of our stiff and ceremonious ancestors, have given way to the airy curve and serpentine belt, whose windings imper- ceptibly varying your views, no longer tire your imagina- WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 193 tion with a dull uniformity. This was the first nation in Europe which turned its attentionlo picturesque gar- dening, and the embellishment of landscapes by heigh- tening the colorings of nature. A taste of this kind is more generously diffused among it than among any other. "William Kent, whose instinctive genius taught him to prefer the forms of untutored nature, to the figures of evergreens tortured into the shapes of ani- mals, or of avenues which weary the eye by perpetual sameness, was the first who drew the attention of the public to this deformity of taste. His labors were hap- pily continued by Lancelot Brown, who viewed nature with the eye of a poet, and possessed a great deal of talent for the embellishment of rural scenery. Had he left us no other monument of his taste ; the grounds of Blenheim alone would have sufficiently asserted his title to reputation. "Cheltenham, August 22. I have been here these ten days drinking the waters, and enjoying the varieties of a fashionable lounging place. Fashion may be car- ried to a ridiculous excess at Cheltenham, but families may be seen without scaling the walls of a regularly fortified citadel. As marriages are not made entirely by parents, in England, but somewhat after the manner of free will and election, as with us. many a family would find it impossible to dispose of their daughters, if they were only to be sfen peeping from behind the entrenchments of its City camp This is one of the many causes that render the English as migratory, as the swans of the Potomac ; and, hence the crowds that 194 WILLIAAr C. SOMEKVILLE. tlock to Bath in winter, and to Brighton, Cheltenham, and Harrington in snmnier. "The gronnds around the Well, are laid out into cliirming walks, and planted with elms. These walks are crowded morning and evening, with throngs of fashionable people, who either take their seats under the groves, or promenade to the music of Bands in the service of each rival establishment. "There are, perhaps, more gloomy eccentrics in England, than in all the other countries of the world. In Ireland and America, nature seems to sprout spon- taneously, and to throw out an en'dless variety of origi- nals. But here, every eccentric is systematically regular, and seems drilled into the discipline of his corps. I am really tired of the monotony, if I may say so, of eccen- tricity. The Dandies of whom I have spoken are all copyists after the Prince of Buttonholes, and yet it would be as easy to dissect a gnat or 'to bottle moonshine/ as to delineate their characters. Of the original founder of this sect, the folio ;ving anecdote is told, which forms the basis of their school of manners : ■Being in company with the Prince Regent, at Carlton House, his professional contempt of the decorums of his society, induced him to say: 'Wales, ring the bell.' The Prince very politely obeyed, and when the servant appeared, said: 'Mr. Brummel's carriage.' Our hero felt the severity of the rebuke, and perhaps, was sorry to purchase immortality at the price of exile from the Palace, but the die was cast, the decree irrevocable, and making a merit of necessity, he feigned to cut, the Prince. "Meeting him soon after, in company with a gen- tleman, with the most courteous impudence, he said WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 195 to the latter : 'Pray, Mr. , who is your fat friend r He must soup twice, and take porter after cheese.' "Angnst 2^. On Wednesday I visited the Eoman remains, which have recently been discovered near Bird lip. "It is truly curious to see the disinterment of Halls and floors on which the sun has not shown for seventeen centuries ; and very difficult tc account for the manner in which they have disappeared from the surface of the ground. The proprietor is every day making new discoveries. The mosaic pavement which formed the floors of the different apartments of the bathing house, are in a state of almost perfect pre- servation ; and the floors of some of the entertaining rooms, preserve their regularity. The most plausible conjecture is, that it was a Roman villa, the residence of the General who commanded the armies that are known to have been stationed on the neighboring hills, to overawe the native Britons who bad retired to the western part of the Island. A coin found among the ruins, would indicate the reign of Coustantine, to have been the era of its destruction. "Monday, August 24. I have been to Gloucester to-day, and have stood for the first time, on the banks of tht. Severn. This stream winds like one of our Creeks, through a beautiful meadow ; and is of con- siderable utility to this part of the country. "Eev. Josiah Tucker,- who wrote so strenuously, in favor of American Liberty, and the noblest principles of the British constitution, was long Dean of the Cathe- 1-96 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. (Iral of Gloucester, and his tomb is seen by the travel- ler who wanders through its recesses. "He accompanied George III., through the Cathe- dral, and the old guide is pleased to relate, that in som^ part of the two hours, the king loitered in it, the Dean adroitly asked his Majesty, what he thought of Amer- ica now ? 'Why ! why ! Mr. Dean,' said the King, 'if we had listened to you, we should not have lost her.' "The King has a considerable taste in Architec- ture, and I cannot, perhaps, offer a more concise criti- cism on the folly of the partition, which separates the Chapel than his observation : 'What ! what ! what ! Mr. Dean, a Grecian doorway to one of the finest Gothic rooms in the kingdom. Ionic, Doric, Corinthian, Com- posite ; all orders but what it should be ! who put up that screen ?' 'Bishop Benson, Sir.' 'A very goo d man ; but no taste. It ought to be knocked down.' "Cheltenham, August 27. This charming village is situated in the vale of Gloucester, and environed by an amphitheatre of hills. On the top of one of these were Races to-day ; and as I ascended the mount:iin, 1 enjoyed one of the finest prospects in England. "The whole vale of Gloucester, and its numerous villages, and villas, were spread before ns ; the Severn was seen meandering at a distance, and the view termi- nated by the Malvern Mountains. "Curiosity carried me to see the pugilistic sparring, of the Champion of England, to- day." WILLIAM C. SOMERYILLE. 197 He went from Stratford to Kenilvvorth, Birniinor. ham. "The drive to Coventry, is through a charming country, in which neatness and fertility are combined. The defect of ploughing, with five-horses tandem, and of bedding the land, still remain, to mark even in this enlightened Country, the slow progress of agricultural improvement. "A strange custom prevails here, and it is the tenure by which the Charter is held. "A naked woman has to ride around the town on a particular da}". "There is the sign of an Inn, representing Peeping Tom in the Church steeple (looking at Lady Godiva) for which sacrilege, he is said, to have had his eyes put out. "Lichfield, September 9. We had a pleasant drive from Birmingham yesterday afternoon, and the country became delightful as we approached this place. The rich landscapes of England, are really softened by the blue haze, which constantly hangs over them, to dull the brilliancy of every prospect. A part of this scene very forcibly reminded me of the notorious plain at Bladensburg ; which national pride would not suffer me to name, if the flight over it had not been less per- nicious to American glory, than its consequences were to that of England. Leeds. York. "September 6. I came to York, by way of Tadcas- ter, yesterday afternoon, twenty-four miles, through a neatly tilled country. The Yorkshire farms appear 198 WILLIAM C. SOMEEVILLE. larger than those of the southern country, and the houses have a more respectable size and appearance. They approach nearer to what we see in America. York is a beautiful, ancient town. Its streets are winding, and frequently narrow, but their cleanliness is passing belief. Everything has the face of neat gentility, and one would think its fifteen thousand inhabitants, were a most godly race, from the number and magnitude of their Churches. They have, I be- lieve, twenty-four ; the greater part of which, are oM gothic structures of the most venerable appearance. "But the MiN"STER rises above them all, as it does above every thing in England, in the superb grandeur of its dimensions and workmanship. It is in the form of a cross, and near two hundred yards in length. I entered it in time of divine service, yet I could but pause in the Nave, before I passed its screen into the Choir, to wonder at its stupendous size, and to admire the airy lightness of its immense pillars, as well as the richness of its gothic decorations. "At this moment, the reverberations of the full- toned organ, as they rumbled away, down the aisles, touched by their sublime echoing the profoundest sen- timent of piety. "I do not remember, ever to have entered into a church with my feelings in a s^ate of better preparation for divine worship ; nor ever to have had the inclina- tions of my nature less seconded by the eloquence of the pulpit. "A good looking gentleman delivered a very passa- ble discourse with a sort of mechanical indifference, and apathy which carried a seeming consciousness, that his living was not within the control of his hearers. WILLIAM C. SOMEKVILLE. 199 "Every day convinces me, that an Established Church is no promoter of real piety, whatever encour- agement it may give to the forms, and to the ostentatious turnings out of religion. I find a superior solemnity in our own service ; accompanied with an anxious zeal in the voice and manner of our preachers, to convince their congregations, which is far more persuasive than the automaton delivery which, but too often accom- panies an independence of a clergyman on his flock. "The road from Alnwick to Berwick, on Tweed, thirty miles, was over a hilly country, by no means remarkable for the richness of its soil ; but fertile in all those imaginary charms, which the baronial feats of chivalry bestow on the places where they have been performed. Nor must I forget Lindisfarne, on Holy Island, to whose superstitious legends, the tale of Mar- MiON", has given such an imaginary interest. It ap- peared in full view at no great distance from us, and seemed beautiful only in the dreams of poetry. For in spite of my prepossession in its flavor, it had a face too barren for my imagination to work upon. "I felt a delightful sensation when Berwick ap- peared in the valley below us, and the hills of Scotland, were seen gracefully swelling beyond the Tweed. And how could it be otherwise, with an American, who be- held for the first time, the banks of the river, whose name is associated with the historical deeds of his an- cesters, when two rival monarchs swayed the sceptres of Britain." 200 william c. somernille. Scotland. "Everybody to whom one speaks in Scotland, is kind and civil in the extreme. A gentleman will put himself ont of the way to serve one, and do it so politely that he almost persuades you, he is doing himself a favor, in obliging one. 'Hospitality has not ceased to be considered a virtue in this country, nor kindness of demeanor a test of good breeding.' "We dined at Berwick, and came to Dunbar, thirty miles, to tea. Nothing can be more romantically beauti- ful, than the road five or six miles from Berwick. It winds along the side of a hill, four or five hundred feet high, and is itself, about two hundred feet above the level of the ocean. "Six miles from Dunbar, is the farm of Mr. Eennie, which stands pre-eminent in this best cultivated part of Britain, for the elegance of its husbandry. The County of East Lothian, realizes all my expectation of the beauty of British agriculture. Mr. Eennie had the kindness to ride over his estate with me, and to explain his mode of cultivation. He ploughs his grounds until perfectly pulverized, and it is impossible to imagine anything more beautifully straight, than his furrows, or more uniformly rpgular than his ploughed lands. The produce, as well as I remember, is: Turnips, about 35 tons; wheat, average 32 bushels; clover, 2| tons; oats, about 60 or 70 bushels to the English acre. The Scotch acre is, one-fifth larger. "From Haddington, it was seventeen miles to Edin- boro', over a country whose husbandry would have been admired, if we had not just passed through the district which is the pride of Scotland. We drove up the high street, and crossing the North Bridge, took up my resi- WILLIAM C. SOMEKVILLE. 201 ilence at a Hotel, on Princes Street. In the afternoon we went to see Calton Hill. It is the finest prospect I have seen in Europe, and deserves a celebrity, it has not obtained. "Sunday, September VS. I was at the Scotch Church this morning, and at Dr. Alison's* this afternoon. Everybody was attentive, and in each, the discourse was pronounced with the fervent zeal of sincerity. There was no apathetic mechanical declamation, but a pious delivery of the plain precepts of Christianity. Mr. Alison, whose beautiful sermons are so universally admired, delivers his address with the gentle meekness of a Christian divine. "On Sunday, Edinboro' resembles an Americ^i city, in the attention which every one pays to religious duties. Can any one doubt, who sees the difference between this and an English town, the inutility of church monopoly! "Loch Katrine, Saturday, September 19. The Highlanders yet preserve their tartan dress. They also preserve their ancient hospitality, united with a jealous pride of any superiority that may be affected by a stranger. As far as I have had an opportunity of judg- ing, I have thought 1 could discover great kindliness of heart, and admirable generosity in the character of the Highlander. Whenever they receive a favor, their gratitude seems overflowing, and whenever they are thus attached to one who has treated them kindly, this memory of the heart never fails them, and their devo- tion borders on extravagance. *Rev. Archibald Alison, minister of the Episcopal Chapel, at the Cowgate. 20a WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. "From Loch Katrine to Loch Lomond, we travelle(i on foot (five miles) over a rugged path and nncultivated country, and when we reached Loch Lomond, we had the mortification to find the steamboat just gone, an- other party disappointed on the shore, and no prospect of getting forward till Monday, The magic of a little silver however, procured us a boat to the Inn, and after- wards to Luss. Near Luss, resides Sir J. Calhoun, at a stately mansion, which I did not, until a few hours afterwards, know to have been the birth place and residence of a wife of one of my forefathers. Her father was the Laird of Luss, and the Calhoun clan resided on his Estate. On the opposite side of the Lake, resided the MacGregors, who were outlawed by James VL, for haying murdered the Calhouns. The story is related in one of the notes of the 'Lady of the Lake,' and the ground on which they fought, was pointed out to us by the boatman "On my observing to him, that those were sad times when no honest man could sleep quietly in his bed, and asked if he did not think the change much for the better ; he shook his head, with an expression of doubt, and said the contrary was his neighbor's opinion. I then asked him if he would like to be engaged in such bloody frays, he said, 'I should na' care, if Imight gain ivell hy it.' In which expression may be, perhaps, included all the philosophy of war. "In descending Loch Lomond, Inch Scroon was pointed out to us, and is, perhaps, the most singular es- tablishment in this unique nation. It is an asylum for such ladies and gentlemen, as are too fond of drink, for the respectability and comfort of their families, They WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 20S pay a regular board, and are debarred the use of spiritu- ous liquors by degrees. *'I find Glasgow, one of the finest Cities in Britain^ The impression one would receive from the appearance of the public here, is that of uncouthness, mingled with intelligence. "There is certainly less of decorons politeness and polished refinement, than in Edinboro', where literature has had a great influence in softening the manners of society. "I have walked over the town to-day with Mr, Warren, whose civilities were accidental and unbounded-. "Stirling Castle commands from its parapets, as rich a variety of views, as almost any country can boast of. To the East, the eye traces the windings of the Forth, through a richly cultivated plain, till it loses itself in the distant horizon, where nothing appears but the Castle of Edinburgh and the Pentland Hills, to break the level of the prospect. "To the North, stretch the Grampian Hills, and at a still greater distance rise the Mountains of Ben Ledi and Ben Lomond. "The lovely plain which extends from the base of the rock, on which the Castle is erected, is varie- gated by rich fa,rms and villas, scarcely one of which has not been the scene of some remarkable adventure in those days, when no Scotch gentleman died in his bed. "To the South, my eye lingered with peculiar inter- est on the field of Bannockburn. "An Englishman recently visited Bannockburn, and on leaving the field, offered pay to the Scotch guide : 204 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 'No, DO, man! Keep your silver. Your ancestors paid enough for seeing Bannockburn.' "Callender. I find the Scotch farmer a neater husbandman than the English. The stacks of grain are evenly formed, with compactness and regularity, and so corded and belted with twists of straw, that one might almost fancy them cast in a mould. "Soon after leaving Stirling, we passed in view of KiER, the seat of the Stirlings, and the residence of my great-great-grandmother. From some fantastic whim in the builder, this House is said to have as many win- dows, as there are days in the year; and an accidental one for leap year. "A little beyond it, is Blair Drummond, the seat of Lord Kaimes, whose works I have read with so much pleasure. His town residence had been pointed out to me in Edinboro'. "The snuggest mansion in the old toivn of Edin- boro', is not fashionable enough for a shop keeper of the present day. "Tuesday, September 22. I have come twenty miles to Kilmarnock to-day, in order to visit my cousin, Mrs. SoMERViLLE McAllister, who I find resides seven miles from here. "September 22. I drove in a post chaise to Ken- nox, or Crivoch, which is two miles from Stuarton, to breakfast this morning. "I shall always regret that it was only in my power to remain a few hours at this seat of my ancestors, in consequence of the Coach arrangements. "Mrs. McAllister, who is a daughter of my great WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 205 Uncle William Somerville, received me with the kind- est affection ; and we joassed an hour or two in talking of family couuectious. ''Though we never met before, and may never meet again, it was a scene to me of deep interest. * * "But I must not give way to the impressions which a visit to the residence of a part of my ancestors crowded on my mind. "It is a lovely spot. "I joined the Coach and proceeded to Dumfries, sixty miles. "The Scotch children are full of mischief and noise. Crowds of them are seen in every village; some with books in their hands, but all with gay countenances ; very unlike the decorous gloom of English villages. "At Dumfries I had an opportunity of visiting Burns' Monument, which may resemble the Lantern of Diogenes. "His widow still occupies the small house in which he died. "After passing Annan, we arrived at the little vil- age of Gretna Green, on the north side of the rivulet, that separates Scotland and England. The houses in which the clandestine marriages are made, were pointed out to us, one of which purported to be occupied by a dealer in spirituous liquors, and the other by a Letter of Post chaises. "The windows were open, the rooms airing, and the blacksmith ready to weld the indissoluble link for any happy pair who had escaped the imaginary 206 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. tyranny of their friends, and whose flight had been fleet enough to elude detection. "The conversion of Gretna Green into a sanctuary, is, perhaps, endowing it with no bad privilege in a country in which, though woman is allowed a greater degree of independence than in any other in Europe, parents are not unfrequently found who would sacrifice the tenderer feelings of their child, for the vanity of wealth, or the pride of family connection. "He went by way of Keswick, Ambleside, Winder- mere, to Preston. "September 27, 1818. From Preston, thirty-two miles, brought us to Liverpool. "The Country is a cold soil, covered with a green turf, and better adapted to grazing than farming. "Mr. Simonds knows but little of agriculture, for he praises its fertility. '.'As we approached Liverpool the number and neatness of the improvements visibly increased, and with them the apparent comfort of the inhabitants. I counted more than three hundred carts, with two or three fine horses in each, and was told there was some- times twice that nu liber. "Mr. Eichard Harrison accompanied me on Monday around the town. "The extent and collection of the Botanical Gardens reflect the highest credit on their liberality and public spirit. Mr. H. was so kind as to offer to exchange WILLIAM C. SOMERYILLE. 207 shrubs with me ; and I shall be very glad to get the Irish Ivy, and the variegated Holly. "I saw Miss O'Neill, in 'Belvidera,' (in 'Venice Preserved,' by Otway) on Monday night. "I have never been so much moved and enchanted by the powers of an actress. "With a contour of remarkable elegance, she has a majestic figure, a graceful action, and a fine face. In the scenes where energy of character was required, she worked upon my imagination by the charm of dignity, but in those where feminine softness was to be united with the meltings of sorrow, she broke into my heart with a pathos, so lovely, and a naturalness so exquisite, that I forgot it was acting. "I felt the tears streaming down my cheeks, and my whole frame agitated with an emotion, that it re- quired hours to recover from. "She was everywhere wonderful ! I have never seen an actress on whom the character of a virtuous woman sits so well. "It may be that her fine reputation, by the force of association, throws a moral charm over her represen- tations, which it is not easy to describe. "Tuesday night. I shall never, while I live, forget the emotion that thrilled through my heart, and roused the whole house, when, in the character of Mrs. Beverly, in 'The Gamester,' she exclai"med, lifting her hands towards -Heaven, with a pious fervoi', to the wretch who having duped her credulity, betrays to her, his dej^ravity, as he kneels to solicit her favors : " 'Oh ! had my eyes the lightnings of Heaven ! that they might blast thee ! Thou impious wretch !' 308 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. "Ill pathetic scenes, her face is full of the fire of feeling, and when her breasts are seen panting with the weight of woe, there is more of heaven, than of earth about her. "I have just returned from the Docks, where I saw the 'Pacific' and the 'Martha,' unfurling their sails for the West. "I was almost tempted to throw myself on board, to abandon all the pleasures of an Italian tour, in order to join those friends after whose society my heart aches, after so long a separation. "On Tuesday morning, I rode with Mr. William Brown, to view the improvements around Liverpool. "Chester may be said to have houses without streets, and streets under houses. "Many of the houses are either the same, or on the same model as those that existed, when Wales was an independent country. "They have balconies projecting over the street, from which it is said the inhabitants used to assail their enemies, in those happy times when every man was a soldier, and every chieftain a Prince. "I have been to the Cathedral this morning, and find that though it has never been finished, it is mouldering to decay. A robin was its only tenant, and perched near an eastern window, was singing his hymn of rejoicing to the beams of the morning sun, that ani- mated his breast with their genial warmth. "I afterwards walked entirely around the town, two miles, on its ancient walls, which are carefully "WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 209 preserved, and are a charming promenade for its in- habitants. "On my retnrn to Chester, I visited the Bishop's family, and set out in the afternoon for Shrewsbury. We had a charming drive of forty miles to Shrewsbury, where we found the town so crowded as to have to pay near half a guinea for a bed. "About ten miles from Chester was Bolesworth Castle, which was pointed out to me as the residence of Colonel, now General TarletoN, who seems to have warred as much against the comfort of his Tenantry, as he did against the happiness of South Carolina, "We slept at Stratford, and set out at 9, for ^TowN,' as the English universally call London, fiftj- four miles. "For a dozen miles, before we reached the Capitol, the road was almost a continued village, and the coun- try studded with houses in every direction. "The road became thronged with carriages, carts and foot passengers. An innumerable number of Stage coaches with fine teams, elegantly compai'isoned and crowded with passengers, dashed by us. "The weather was showery and damp, but I could not resist the desire to see everything, and, therefore, took my seat on the top. Nor can any mode of travel- ling be more dangerous. Placed on a level with the top of the Coach, at a fearful height from the ground, one is hurled along with thoughtless velocity, and the slightest touch of another vehicle, or abandonment of the way, dashes you to the earth with shocking violence. "Accidents of this kind occur every day, and yet the abominable practice is continued. 210 WILLIAM c. sairERyiLLE-. "Inside,.an English Stage Coach, is- a sort of prison^ with two little windows from which scarcely anything can be seen. Outside, you are in danger of your life; and alone, in a Post chaise, the Blue Devils are inevi- table in this gloomy climate. "At Whitchurch, I saw more beauty than in any town through which I have yet passed. It happend to be market day, and the number of tidy girls, scarcely exceeded the number of pretty ones. "I left Woburn yestei-day at 9 o'clock, and arrived in London to dinner. "The English love to show off, and their ostenta- tious feelings extends itself to the Coffee Houses. If one orders the plainest dinner, it cannot be served by one servant, but a platoon breaks in with an 'Embarras' to reconcile you to the extortion of the Bill. "A list of items for my dinner to-day, at the ^George and Blue Boar,' Holborn : 2 Mutton Chops 6 shillings. 3 Potatoes ...1 shilling. 1 Cauliflower 1 shilling. Eoom 2 shillings, 6 pence. Lights 1 shilling. Bread 1 shilling. A Pint of Port 3 shillings, 6 pence. Waiter.... 1 shilling. Boots 6 pence. Porter of the baggage 1 shilling. Back again 1 shilling. Chambermaid for water to wash 1 shilling. "A stranger who judged of England by London, WILLIAM C. SOxMERVILLE. 211 would do great injustice to the character of Eng- land. "The pride of Great Britain, the true bulwark of her independence and glory, is the intermediate rank of gentlemen, which constitutes a society, in which is embodied as much refinement of honor, as enlarged a comprehension of the conditions of ma".ikind and prin- ciples of as inflexible integrity, as, perhaps, any in the world. "Nor should it offend the vanity of our Country to know that this is the fountain from which we have drawn that mass of noble sentiments and honest prin- ciples which, if cherished and perpetuated, cannot fail, wath the blessings of Heaven, to render America, not only the greatest, but the wisest nation the world has ever seen. "We possess this class, without the two cancers of Great Britain, her pampered nobility and her famished yeomanry. Belgium. "On entering Belgium, we were struck with the cleanliness and comforts that were everywhere visible. "Oambray, October 20. I have been walking around the town, to observe the fortifications. My ramble was through the English camp. "October 21. I went this morning to enquire after the tomb of Fenelon, and finally learned that his remains had been removed from the Churchyard to a nunnery. 212 . WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLK "When I returned from the monastery, T extended my walk, with the hope of finding the Church in which he preached, and the house he inhabited. But they exist no more. They were demolished hy the revolu- tionists, and the dilapidated gate of the palace is all that remains to attest its position. "October 31. The English Army has broken up its encampment this morning, and marched to the point of rendezvous, near Boucbain, for the review of Friday. "Bouchain. We saw very well, the various en- campments, particularly that of tbe Danes, through which we passed. "Our prospect for lodging was gloomy. Every bed was occupied, and new claimants perpetually arriving. "We were awakened in the morning by voices, like the chattering of Babel. "French, Germans, Danes, English, &,c., &c., as- sembled in the kitchen, were jabbering their dialects with violent vociferation, as if each one was anxious to be admired for the force of his lungs. "We were put to mnch inconvenience by the clos- ing of the gates of the fortified cities, those nests of Tyrants, by 7 o'clock. "Valenciennes, October 22. The Allied Sovereigns in their Landaus, Avere re-entering the town from the review of the Kussian Army. The windows and doors of every house were crowded, and a multitude of strangers thronged the streets. "It was a curious sight to see individuals of every WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 213 nation in Enrope assembled in amity, and would have been a delightful one, if the huge conspiracy of mon- archs did not close the vista of hope with the clouds of apprehension, "Friday, October 23. The allied Army has been reviewed by the Monarchs to-day. "It was a splendid spectacle, and I shall probably never see the like again. The occasion, too, the last assembly of that vast army, whose achievements have changed the destinies of mankind. The final separa- tion of that phalanx of brother warriors, who, com- mencing their march from the opposite extremes of Europe, from Archangel and Gibraltar, hare twice met on the plains of France, served to heighten the imagin- ary grandeur of the scene. "Mons, October 24. I saw the Emperor Alexander, the King of Prussia, the Grand Dukes Coustantine and Michael, and the Duke of Wellington, pass the Place St. George, on their way to Sedan, this morning. "Nivelles. At 9 o'clock our Postillion announced that my carriage was ready. "I was disposed to visit the scenes of the last great military transactions of Bonaparte in their succession, and, therefore, took a circuitous route to Waterloo by Quatre Bras. "I alighted from the carriage, and walked down the road to Charleroi, on either side of which the con- flict was extremely various. "The field on my left, was the one in which the Duke of Brunswick was killed. It is now laid down in grain, and I saw human bones brought upon the 214 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLB. surface of the earth, by the recent passages of the plough. ''Near the village of Mt St. Jean, in a little garden, a small willow was pointed out to us, as having been planted over a leg of Lord Uxbridge, which had been amputated in an adjoining house. "Its proprietor has made the most of a little, and gathers a small tax from the English pilgrims who daily besiege the fields of Waterloo. "We stopped at the Inn of La Belle Alliaistce, and read on a tablet over the door, that Wellington and Blucher met here in mutual congratulations of victory. We were told that the Mistress of this house, some forty years ago, took a fancy to her Hostler, and that the neighboring folks in mere waggishness, thought fit to give their residence the name of La Belle Alliance. This has been sufficient to satisfy the minds of many very sober-sided Englishmen, that there was a kind of divine interposition on this marvellous day, and that the aforesaid match was made in Heaven, and the name given in a sort of prophetic inspiration. "It is true, I puzzled a grim John Bull, who seemed very much inclined to this belief, by enquiring, if he thought these matters regulated by the direct interference of Heaven, how he accounted for the extra- ordinary return of Bonaparte from Elba ? "The good old gentleman flew off at a tangent, and got over the obstacles, by some very sublime reflec- tions on Mystery. "Brussels, October 26. I went to the ramparts, that I might have an opportunity of observing the WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 315 form of Brussels, and comprehending its divisions. The King- has determined, very wisely, to convert the ramparts into a boulevard, in order to render the City more completely a little Paris, and workmen are now demolishing them. "Such, however, is the spirit of discontent prevail- ing in this part of his dominions, that the Belgians turn from all the doings of their King with prejudice and aversion.* "Nature seems to have pointed out forcibly the advantages of the recent union of Belgium with Holland. "Nor could T conceive it a national blessing to any state to exist merely as a theatre of bloodshed, or as a province of a distant empire, of whose body corporate she did not constitute an essential member ; but to which she was attached as a sort of loose appendage, too feeble to vindicate her own rights, and too remote to receive the protection she needed, and this Union had seemed to me the only act of the Congress at Vienna, that merited the gratitude of mankind. "But to my astonishment, I find this act universally reprobated in this country, the government unpopular, and a spirit of disaffection prevailing in a most alarm- ing degree. "The old gentleman I met to-day, preserved an enthusiastic regard for the Austrian government, which he represented as inimitably mild and gentle. He appeared to have his mind imbued with the princi- *Belgium separated from Holland in 1830. 216 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. pies of liberty, and to have been a loyal subject under Napoleon, though no admirer of despotism. "His preference for the French, over the Orange government, he did not hesitate to disclose ; although, he observed, that with many other respectable citizens of Belgium, he had been confined in prison, in Paris, over a year, by Bonaparte, and finally liberated without having been brought to trial, or informed of the cause of his detention. "As he discoursed on these subjects, it was curious to observe the caution with which he lowered his voice, when any person passing by seemed to lend his ear to our conversation. "October 27, 1818. I left Brussels for Antwerp, and after passing through the Allee' Verte, ascended to the Chateau of Lacken, the Palace of the King. "It was built by Marie Christine ; is a superb house, and contains a splendid suite of twenty-two apartments on the first floor. "They were furnished in a style of great elegance by Bonaparte, who, in all palaces, was an excellent tenant for his successors. "The country to Malines and Antwerp, twenty-two miles, is cultivated like a garden ; and seems to sup- port a numerous, healthy and industrious population. The bells of Malines were chiming a tune of the eve of some fete, at the time we were changing horses. "It gave a liveliness and merriment to the appear- ance of the town. "We found droves of English families, rambling 'I^'ILLIAM C. SOtJERVILLE. 217 siljout the streets of Ghent ; some of who-ni were hastening to England, from the panic in consequence of the retiring of the Allied army. "Nor do the people here, disguise their attachment to Bonaparte. His portrait hangs in the room in which we breakfast France. "Paris, December 9, 1818. I have been to 'La Mess-e du Saint Esprit,' to-day, in the Cathedral of Xotre Dame. "It was a magnificent spectacle, and the turnout of the King, the most splendid I have ever seen. "It was preparatory to th^e opening of the first Session of the Legislative Body, after the evacuation of France, by the Allied Army. "I indulge almost a belief, that they will show themselves a wise and enlightened body, and do much for the amelioration of the Laws, and the promotion of national liberty. "I arrived at Notre Dame, at 11 o'clock, in the full dress uniform, which the occasion required, and had the good fortune to have a ticket to be admitted close to the Altar. The Church was not yet crowded, nor the ceremony begun. A few straggling dignitaries were prattling, as at the drawing room of a Prince > and the preparations going on for the reception of the King. "The Altar was erected near the cross of the 218 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. Cathedral, and supported six golden candlesticks of colossal size. From above, hung a rich canopy of scarlet velvet, embroidered with gold, and beneath it on the floor, were the chair, and the cushions on which the King was to kneel. The floor itself was covered with splendid carpets, over which, in the centre, was extended for the royal family, a carpet of crimson vel- vet, richly enibo-ssed with gald. On either side rose an amphitheatre of seats richly adorned^ for the accomoda- tion of the ladies and gentlemen of the court. "Down the immense aisle of the Church, extended files of soldiers, to preserve an avenue for the King, and above them chandeliers were lighted. "At last, about 12 o'clock, the roll of drums arr- Bouuced the approach of the procession, which con- sisted of twenty coaches, glittering with gold, and drawn each by eight horses magnificently caparisoned and shining with silver ornaments, and conducted by scarlet-colored reins. These were again followed by all the military of the Capitol. "The King entered, followed by the Princes and Princesses, his Ministers of State and Field Marshals. At this moment the music struck up, and the lofty aisles of Notre Dame resounded with melodious rever- berations from the finest bands in France. "The scene united the solemnity of a religious ceremony, with the pomp of war, and the splendor of a drawing-room. "The King took his seat, with the Princesses on his left, and the Princes in a line on his right. "He wore a blue coat, richly embroidered with gold, a pair of epaulettes, a white waistcoat with curved lapels, black breeches and a sort of boots. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 21'9 ■"The Duchess of Augouleme wore a light green velvet embroidered with silver. "On the right of the Princes, stood Marmont, and the Peers of France, among whom I distinguished the countenance of MacDonald. Opposite on the left, were the foreign Embassadors and the members of the Chamber of Deputies. "The Mass of the Saint Esprit, was performed by twenty Archbishops, and Bishops, and attendant priests richly habited in c^oth of gold and satin, colored like roses. "Behind the royal family, were Ministers of State ; and directly behind the Monarch, stood the 'Archbishop of Iniquity,' the cadaverous -* "He wore a huge neck cloth, which, projecting over his chin, seemed to answer the purpose of the shell of a tortoise, into which from the piercing eye of virtue, he might make a retreat, like the fallen angel of Milton, to recover from his confusion, and to commence his unhallowed toils again. "Figure to yourself, the magnitude of this enormous edifice, its galleries crowded with thousands of spectators, the occasion, the assembling of the powers of a great Nation to return thanks to the Almighty, for the liberation of its territory, from the occupation of foreign armies, and you have a faint picture of the prospect which was before us. "December 10. The Session of the Chambers, was opened to-day, with the same magnificent display of ♦Talleyrand ? 220 WILLIAM C. SOMEKVILLE. superb equipages ai>d costly garnitures that we admired so much yesterday. "The Cortege extended from the Tuileries to the Chamber of Deputies, and was composed of the Royal family, Peers, Deputies, and foreign Ambassadors. "January 1, 1819. All Paris is occupied to-day, in giving and receiving Etrennes, (New Year's gifts.) "January 6. I have been walking sevei^l hours with Colonel J. "In the Rue St. Honore was the place where Henry IV. fell by the hand of Ravaillac. "Just at the moment of our arrival, a Coach coming in contact with another, was overset, so gently, that it did not even break the windows. "After extricating three ladies from their danger, we crossed the street to see the Bust of Moliere, over the door of t':ie house in which he was born. "February 8. I was at the Chamber of Deputies to-day. I am much gratified with the appearance of this most respectable body. ^'February 9. I left Paris,, on my way to Italy. "Autun, February 13. Returning from my walk, a little chilled by the freshness of the morning, I called to warm myself at the hut of a peasant. The wife politely invited me to the fire, by the side of which sat the husband and daughter. The furniture was very good, and the appearance comfortable. "The old man wore the Ribbon of the Legion of Honor, and curiosity led me to enquire his history. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 221 '' 'I have been a soldier many years, Sir,' said he, *aud I have fought the battles of my Country in the four quarters of the world.' "On enquiring particularly into his life, I found that, after an adventure in the West Indies, he had accompanied the expedition of Bonaparte into Egypt and Palestine ; had been a sentinel at the door of General Kleber, at the moment he was assassinated; had serred in the campaigns which were decided at Austerlitz and Jena, and was one of those who planted the French Eagles on the walls of Lisbon and Moscow. And what have yon gained by all the perils of your eventful life? said I. " 'Ma f oi ! rien Monsieur, que cela !' pointing very proudly to the little piece of soiled ribbon patched upon the lapel of his coat ; the symbol of the Legion of Honor. "And your country, my friend ? 'Elle est la plus belle Nation del' Europe.' "I took leave of this family very cordially. "Tuesday, February 23. We left Lyons and drove to la Tour du Pin. The houses on this road seem to be of stone; they are Pise work, or dry dirt pounded into the shape of walls, and are said to be more durable than stone or brick, and far more economical, "At one of the villages, the Maitre de Poste, had just brougiit home a young Bride, and was about to make a honeymoon of Lent. "The Priest who had married him, was the Jolliest person 1 have ever seen. All the young ladies were about to make an offering to the Bride. "A very pretty Dauphiuesse showed me a bouquet 2522 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. of flowers, with which she was going to greet her new neighbor and welcome her among them. "It was Shrove Tuesday, the last day of carnival rejoicing, and gave ws an opportunity of seeing this custom to great advantage. "On leaving Chambery, yesterday morning, the rural retreat of Jean Jacques Eousseau was pointed out to ns ; we observed also a charming place that we understood to be the dwelling of General Deboigne, who once commanded the armies of Tippoo Saib. "I called at the house of a peasant in this walk, and among other questions, asked if the country was happy under its new master. 'Not at all/ answered the poor Savoyard. 'Under the French, we did passablement bien, mais a present, renfermes dans nos montagnes, nous vivons comme les ours, sans la moiudre consolation.' "February 25. The snow storm continued all day, and allowed us to enjoy but occasional views of the scenery. We slept at the village of St. Michael. "This village is 2,200 feet above the level of the ocean, and yet is seemingly at the very base of the mountains "February 26. Our road continued up the dreary valley of Maurienne, through the storm, which con- tinued with unabated fury. "The foot of Mt. Ceuis, is 3,000 feet above the sea. From Lansbourg, it is three postes, to the summit. "The fine road which passses over it, is one of the noble works of Napoleon. "As we drew near the summit, the clouds which frequently rolled along our road, both before and after WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 223 Jiis, began to dissolve. The snow abated for a monieiil, ■and enabled us to east our eyes in astonishment, over the scene of stupendous desolation. "As we arrived at the summit of Mt. Ceuis, and were suffering all the inconveniences of the wintry- blast, the clouds broke asunder, and offered the welcome prospect of a blue sky over the plains of Italy, "We were on the spot where Hannibal is con- jectured to have extended his arm, and pointed out to his soldiers the delicious regions of plenty and glory, that lay stretched before them, "Our old landlady is a curious and loquacious Dame, most humorously dressed after the fashion of the country. She wears a large crucifix on her neck, with a scarlet cap with sprigs of saffron, trimmed with black lace. "She tells many stories of the French, during the years that succeeded the Battle of Marengo, (1800), but dwells with peculiar bitterness on the plunderings of the Austrians, who, she assures us most gravely, are not at all better than the 'betasauvaga,' as she expresses it. "This good old lady assures me, that in the time of Napoleon, every body had plenty of bread, but now they are on the point of starving. " 'We had much travelling in those times,' said she *for Napoleon kept everybody in motion.' "Many of the people on Mt. Cenis speak French, better, 1 am told, than the peasantry near Paris. Some of them, and our landlady among the number, give 324 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLB. French words the harmouious terminations of the Italian tongne.* Italy. "Turin, February 28. I arrived in Italy on the anniversary of the day I landed in France. "1 have been to a dozen Churches to-day, and have found them uniformly crowded during Mass, which lasts from 4 till* 12 o'clock ; besides tlie afternoon Vespers, which attract a prodigious concourse. These people seem devout, for I have not observed that idle sauntering and forgetfulness of the place they fill, as in the Churches of France. "The Churches themselves, have disappointed my expectation. They have neither the vast magnificence of the antique Gothic, nor the chaste simplicity of the Grecian and Roman architecture. "I saw the Duke of Genoa, brother of the King, riding with the young Princess de Carignan, the beauti- ful daughter of the Duke of Tuscany, to-day. "He takes his airing with a very handsome turnout, an avant courier in front, a splendid coach drawn by six horses, with flowing tails and manes, and three foot- men behind. He moves gently, and lives in too small a Capitol and too depraved an age, to escape scandal. "Genoa, March 6. The ladies of Genoa have the reputation of being the most beautiful in Italy. I am rather inclined to believe, they owe their reputation to *Savoy was ceded to France in 1860. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 225 a sweet costume which imperceptibly hiasses the mind of a stranger iu their favor. "In lieu of bonnets they wear long white veils loosely drawn across their heads, falling in loose- folds over the shoulders, leaving the face exposed. "We are accustomed only to see a bride in this dress, and there is an inexpressible air of modesty in it that awakens a suspicion of beauty where it does not exist, "But I have seldom or never seen a finer looking race of men, than those of Genoa, and especially the officers, who throng the streets. Tall, manly, and well- proportioned in their figures ; intelligent and sedate in their countenances. "I have never seen more genteel decorum than in Genoa. "lieligion flourishes in Genoa; at least so far as the internal evidences of things can be expressed from exter- nal appearances. And charity presents herself under the most amiable of all aspects, whether the Institu- tions over which she presides derive their existence from religious f»ar, or remorse, or from benevolence. "There is no hour of the day in which the Churches are not crowded with persons seemingly devout, or seeking a sweet relief from the cares and anxieties of this world in the flow of pioug contem- plations. "I have seen the whole body of Marines returniiig from Mass this morning with a band of music preced- ing them, and playing such airs as might have softened the feelings of a savage banditti. "The soldiers attended Mass in the same manner, by direction of the Government. 326 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. ''I went yesterday to visit the Asylum of the Poor. It contains 1,700 persons. It is one of the noblest in- stitutions which adorn the City of Genoa. "March 8. We embarked in a felucca, at 10 o'clock, for Lerici, and in sailing out of the harbor we had an opportunity of having a view of the City, which is said to be the finest. "The inhabitants of Sienna are said to speak the purest Italian. "The society is said to be agreeable, and the young ladies not only beautiful, but full of grace and spirit- uality in their manners. "N. B. The Italian ladies say that the English ladies have fine eyes, but that they do not know how to use them. "Florence, March 12. I visited the Theatre in the evening. It was brilliantly lighted up in honor of the Emperor of Austria and his family. A brilliant house with a number of beautiful women. "With the Emperor of Austria, I saw for the first time Maria Louisa, the wife of NAPOLEO]sr, and ex- Empress of France. "By candle light, she looks well, and has a pleasing smile, a good-humored, and amiable face. "She sat near her Father, and was applauded. "She was also applauded in Venice. Rome. "March 21. The Corso gathers all the fashion and WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 227 Style of Rome, every afternoon, in carriages, which drive up on one side and down on the other. "We dined to-day with , and accompanied Col. P. to the Princess Pauline's. "This lady was thft favorite sister of Napoleon, and is widely celebrated for loveliness and fascination. Did anybody ever see her without falling in love with her ? has been asked more than once. How delicately graceful every motion, and how pleasing every sentence she uttered. "The remaining part of the evening we spent with the Prince of Canino, Lucien Bonaparte. "We found him seated, near a table, with his wife and children, exercising the domestic virtues of u parent and a husband, in the most amiable manner. This gentleman is one of the few who have escaped from the scenes of Eevolutionary France, witli a reputation on which there has not alighted the suspicion of a crime. Endowed with talents of the fir.:t order — as a statesman, orator and poet — not only equal, and as far as opportunity admitted of their display, superior to any which have appeared in France, he voluntarily relinquished the second station in the empire, when he could no longer hold it in conformity with the dictates of his conscience. He refused a kingdom, unless he might be left independent to govern it for the happi- ness of his subjects. He preferred living in retirement and exile, with the wife of his bosom, to the violation of his honor in repudiating her, to become the husband of a Queen. "N(ar his elbow, on the table, lay an English Work on the Prooress of the United States — in whose welfare 228 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. he is said to take a lively interest. He is a republican at bottom. "March 22. Kear the Porta Salara, on the North East of Eome, we visited the Villa Albani. This is by far the most princely country residence that I have visited on the continent, and in some respects, perhaps, one of the most celebrated. The palace is externally elegant in its proportions, and splendid in its decorations; aud internally it is all that an Italian villa could be fancied to be. Several huudred columns of exquisite marble > most pleasing paintings; hundreds of ancient busts and statnes and vases, fill its halls, and give one of its wings rather the appearance of a splendid museum than the ornamental apartments of a private dwelling. "Walking through the garden, a fox started from one of the marble urns and galloped across the path into the shrubbery which bordered it. This little cir- cnmstance gives some idea of the useless splendor and deserted condition of the villa. "March 31. I am happy to have it in my power at last to tell you that I have found a villa in the most correct and charming taste. It is neither a Car- dinal's palace, nor a stiff, antiquated Italian chatean, but the country house of Princess Pauline, (Bonaparte Borghese) which, for prettiness, exceeds anything I have ever beheld. "It is a little fairy castle, perfectly neat in all its parts, and comes so exactly up to my ideas of taste, that I cannot resist the temptation of describing it." (A part of the description is here given.) "It is situated upon the Esquiline Hill, within the walls of Eome, near the ruins of the temple of the Vestal virgins, and, perhaps, over the very grave of WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 229 Rhea Silvia. It is surrounded by a charming garden planned by herself, in the modern taste of serpentine walks, without clipped yews or artificial fountains. "The house is a simple white edifice with green shutters. Six small pillars are in front of the vestibule, which, pretty as it is, does not entirely convince you that you are about to enter the bower of Eden. "The door opens into a handsome saloon, whose decorations are chiefly white. "On the right are three apartments : an Egyptian sitting room; a Library, in the painting and curtains of which white and pale green are beautifully inter- mingled, and all its ornaments most delicately suited to the romantic reading of a lady. It is suf^h a room as Tibullus and Petrarch might have selected for the i'eading of their sonnets. The third room is appropri- ated to a marble bath, where the same charming suit- ability of ornament prevails. At the head of it, is a little statue of Venus rising from the bath, and con- fusedly covering herself with her robe; whilst at the foot, Hebe pours nectar into a goblet. The paintings on the walls represent the stages of the toilet, * "The first time I saw the Princess Borghese, sh6 Was reclining on a sofa, with her feet wrapped in a cashmere shawl ; and nothing had the air of mortality about her, but the cold that disturbed the melody of her ^oice. "April 1. I spent the evening at Lucieu Bona- P arte's. 230 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. "I found the Priuc< ss engaged at the moment I entered spinning on a little wheel, which she uses for her amusement. "Among other company that fell in, in the even- ning, were two Turks, dressed in the richest costume of their country, scarlet robes of cashmere, and striped turbans, "In the course of conversation, the Prince of Canino observed that he could not reside at his Yilla, at Frascati, in consequence of insecurity from brigands. The Bonapaites are obliged to remain here in a sort of parole imprisonment. They are not even suffered to send their children ta America. "The fears of Emperors are somewhat long in wear- ing out. "Lucien is an amiable, unassuming man of domestic habits, and a literary turn which serves to solace his confinement. "His wife, an affable Lady, and his whole family offer a picture of domestic happiness and social com- fort, which is, perhaps, the more delightful from being found in the wreck of moral principle, and social virtue. "April 3. All Kome is animated to-day, because the Emperor of Austria is about to enter the City. "Saturday, April 10. I went to Canova's work- shop, where, among other objects, I saw the Statue of Washington, which he is making for the Nortk Caro- lina Legislature.* *It now stands in front of the State House, at Raleigh, N. C. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 231 ■"I fear Cauova's couceptions cannot rise int© grandeur, exc&pt when they wanton in tke bolder fields •of antiquity. "In the portrait of Washington, he has not preserved that noble composure and sublime magnanimity which sat enthroned on tke countenance of our Hero and Sage. "The attitude in which he has placed him, is unfor- tunate, for, although I might approve, what others might condemn ; the Toga, on a modern statesman, I •can never admire its posture, which resembles that of a painter with the brush in one hand, and canvas in the other. "The selection of the moment, when as President, he had retired to his closet to compose his Farewell Address, and declare his design of declining a re-elec- tion to the first office in the gift of a free nation, is happy in the extreme. But, how! after so happy a choice of an act which alone would have stamped his whole life with moral grandeur, he could have fixed liim in so undignified an attitude, I know not. This is a source of mortification to Canova, who observed: *The Statue of Washington, is one which I undertake with priae and gratification,' "April 30. I went to-day to St. Peter's. "My visit, like that to the Capitol, was a farewell call on what are now grown to be friends." It is hoped that these extracts are interesting. They might have been very much extended, but it was 2S2 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. thought that the limits of this work would not allow it, and that they might exclude other matter. Mr. Somerville took great interest in the contest of the South American States for their Independence; and in 1820 he received the Commission of Lieutennnt- Colonel in the Army of Venezuela, which,, at that time, ■was one of the "United States of Columbia," and a grant of ten thousand acres of land in recognition of his services to their cause. Genend Juan D'Evreux, Commander of the "For- eign Legion of Liberation," was greatly attached to him, and under many obligations to him. The following, is one of his Letters : "Liverpool, 37 March, 1820. "My Dear Somerville: "You know my heart, and that I should dread an acquaintance with myself, could I be capable of in- gratitude to the man who has so much befriended me. as you have done. "I last had the pleasure of writing to you by Mr. Burrowes, when I candidly related to you how things are with me, and that if Mr. Robert Oliver should be in sufficient funds of mine, (which I much fear, he is not) that the three hundred and twenty-seven pounds which I owe you, would be faithfully discharged, with inter- est from the 8th of August, 1818. "I have involved myself dreadfully with tliis WILLIAM C. SOMERVTLLE. 238 Legion. The provisioning and chartering the ships — equipping and providing the troops — far exceeded the calculation I first made, and the Patriot Government, as yet, has not contributed one dollar towards defraying the enormoas expenses I have been at. Indeed, it was too great an undertaking for any one individual, not better supported than I have been. Enclosed is a Commission* of a Lieutenant Colonelcy, if you think proper to join the Venezuelan Standard. And also a grant of ten thousand acres of land, out of the Territory lately yielded, and made over to me. *'Adieu, my dear Somerville. "Believe me ever to be, "Your most warmly attached friend, "J, D'EVEEUX, •'Wm. C. Somerville, Esquire." Another letter is i "LONDOJT, 3rd October, 1834. "My Dear Major: "It pains me beyond measure that I have not had it in my power to make you the remittance before now^ In truth, it has been utterly out of my power, in conse- quence of the payment of all our debentures being sus- pended until a written order comes to the Minister, *C. B. Tiernan still has these two Documents, which are made out on Parchment. It is not believed that any effort was ever made to recover the land. 334 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. Hurtaclo, from the Colombian government, to pay us out of the new loan lately negotiated here. *=?=*** "I only want you to set me the example, and take to yourself a good wife — for there is no use of going out of this life like a rotten stick without leaving something behind us. ."I wonder how you can resist so long settling your- self down ! For me there is some excuse, never having had the time to make an impression, and the life I have led of turmoil and trouble, forbade my thinking of it even. "I have passed a most agreeable time in making the tour of this Country and of France, with my friends, Mr. Eobert Oliver and Mr. Eichard Caton. "They both received every possible attention while here. "I have only parted with them a few days since at Holkham, where we met the Duke of Sussex, who en- quired after you most particularly. "I told his Eoyal Highness that you sent him one of your books by me, and I am now getting one bound like the others to present to him with your best re- spects and compliments. "He paid Mr. Oliver and Mr. Caton the most marked attention, and gave them a dinner, at which he had all his liberal friends to meet them. "The Duke of Wellington had them to visit him at his seat at Strathfieldsaye. "But from being so great an admirer of the gallant Duke, as we knew Mr. Oliver to be, he seems rather disappointed in the great man, which I rather think, must be a disappointment to the Catons. "You would be astonished at the change in Mrs. WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. 255 Patterson,* who is quiet re-established, and looks as lovely as evei*. "Miss Caton,t is still the same interesting creature, not in the least changed, either in person or manners. She inquired after you particularly. "Poor Lloyd Kogers seems quite bewildered ; he is so delighted with Europe, where all is new and novel to him. "Fe is now taking your old tour to Italy. "Poor O'Maley continues the same solitary hermit in the midst of gaiety. He enquired after you in the kindest manner, and also Mr. and Mrs. Callaghan. "Adieu, my dear Somerville, "and believe me to be, "Yours most affectionately, "J. D'EVREUX." Mr. Somerville wrote several woiks which showed considerable literary ability. His "Letters From Paris, Upon the Causes and Consequences of the French Eevolution," pub- lished in 1822, 390 pages; and his "Essays By a Citizen of Virginia," 400 pages ; are both in the Peabody, and Maryland Historical Society's Libraries ; *Mrs. Robert Patterson, formerly Miss Mary Caton. She married the Marquis of Wellesly, in October, 1825. fMiss Elizabeth Caton ; she married Baron Stafford, in May, 1836. 236 WILLIAM C. SOMEEVILLB. also a '^Letter Upon the Mode of Choosing the President," and several Poetical pieces. In regard to the first work, tlie Reverend Jared Sparks, the distinguished Historian and Biographer, writes to him : "Baltimore, June 13, 1823. ^'My Dear Sir: "I hope that yon will pardon me, for not sooner acknowledging your very polite and kind attention, in sending me your late Work. "My occupations were such, that I was not able to read it immediately with as much attention as I desired. "Allow me to thank you now, for the high gratifi- cation which I have from its perusal. "I have been especially delighted with the graphic and sprightly manner in which you narrate the recent political events in France. "Indeed, I could not point to particular passages, for I have been instructed and entertained With the whole. "Permit me to hope, that our Literature may receive future acquisitions from a person so well able to add to its ornaments and riches. "With high esteem, "I am Sir, "YourS) Very Truly, "Jared Sparks.'' AR'cSiBALt) Hamilton RoWan, the distinguished WILLIAM C. SOMERYILLE. 237 Irish patriot, the Graiulfiither of the present Countess of Dulferin, writes to him as follows: "Leinster St., Dubli.v, "'January 16, 1834:, "^'Dear Sir : "I received your favor of the 10th of November, this day, while I was making- up a parcel for some of my Wilmington (Delaware) friends; whose recollec- tions of my earlier days spent among them are admira- ble restoratives to one who is in his three-score and thirteenth year, when most other enjoyments fly from his grasp. "I shall look with anxiety for the Work which you have been so good as to forward to me. '•I hope that it will be delivered by a friend to whom I can express myself otherwise than on paper, for your unwonted compliments: and in whom we may retrace, if not the features, yet the mind and manner of his friend. ''That bane of every Country where it has taken place, Church establishment connected with Govern- ment, and which cannot be gotten rid of except by revolution, will keep this Island in turmoil and trouble. "England will never grant that equality of citizen- ship, which would probably make us one people, and their rivals, in industrious arts. '•You are free from this curse, but there is another excresence which is the Law, by which you also may suffer. Its expenses are such, that none but the rich 238 WILLIAM C. SOMERVILLE. dare sue for justice ; and its advocates beard the- Church, and State, and People. '•The wet season, at the time of raising the potato^ crop for this year's consumption, has rendered that root both scarce and bad ; and that being the lowest food for man, I dread the ensuing time. "England afforded us an immense sum under simi- lar circumstances, which was ill, and well spent here ;. but it is encouragement for industry^ not benevolence,, that we want here. "As to the Holy Alliance, it may be interrupted in its career by unforeseen events in the jjolitical world. I cannot conceive that it will meet with any opposition from this quarter; for it is only carrying into effect, on an universal system, those principles which have been aimed at, in detail, since the accession of the present gertleman's grandfather. "I beg you to accept the compliments of this family, and to believe me to remain, "Yours, Very Sincerely, "Archibald Hamiltoist Eowan. "I am in daily expectation of my Son's return from the Archipelago, where he commands the Ship '^Cambrian,' to know something of the Greeks. "Poor Spain !" Mr. Somerville received the following communi- cation from The "Uunker Hill Monument Association:" It is entirely in Mr. Everett's beautiful handwrit- ing- william c. somerville. 239 'Wm. C. Somerville, Esq., '^Charge cV affaires, Sc, "Westmoreland County, "ViRCtINIA. ^'Boston, March 27, 1825. •"Sir:— "By order of tlip Standing Committee of The Bunker Hill Monument Association, I beg leave to inform you, that you were, this day, elected an Houor- tiry Member of that institution. "Its obj-ect is, by the erection of a permament Monument, to commemorate an event highly interesting dn its consequences to the cause of American freedom. "Should it, as it is hoped, be agreeable to you to be thus united with the Association, a Certificate of Mem- bership, in due form, will be forwarded to you. "Edward Everett, "Secretary of the Standing Committee," In July, 1825, Mr. Somervillle was appointed by President John Quincy Adams, United States Minister to Sweden. His friend, Edward Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, Author of the "Digest of the Laws of the United States," &c., writes to him: "Philadelphia, August 23, 1825. "Dear Colonel : "I hoped to see you before the middle of this 240' WILLIAM C. SOMETtVILLE. month, on your transit through this City towards New York, where, I suppose, you intended to embark. "But, as I have neither heard of your passing through, nor seen any mention of your name as a passenger in the packets, I must infer that you have again deferred your departure. "If you are still at Baltimore, or anywhere to- which this letter will go, pray, do me the favor to let me know whether you have, as I trust, got rid of all the doctors, and what are your present prospects as to the Mission. "I hear that the King of Naples has sent a func- tionary of some sort to this Country : some people call him the 'Neapolitan Minister,' but I presume he is only a Consul General. Yet he may be something higher ; and if so, will not a counterpoise be necessarily sent ? "Mrs. Livingston, I learn, spoke of this arrival with great interest. "She made many^and earnest enquiries of Fitzhugb, in New York, last week, concerning your estate, the number of yojir acres, slaves, &c., and the amount of income that can probably be derived by you from them. She also expressed deep concern for your accident at Bedford, and wondered why the President did not make you an 'Envoy' at once. "The fair Miss Cora* was much indisposed through fatigue and sea sickness. *A lady told C. B. Tiernan that she remembereac/ ,^3^^,^ ,/^ J^^^t;.^ ^/, /rf,j!(a,^ /U,nJlAM<.^^ /^»^4.) f- /?^j L*^^^ Ir^ .^«^<^ / ,1^ Ji&^eJ a> ^^<-^tJ#> ^ ^ <3iJ;^' i*^*-_^±^^ «. 7 a)t/r ^Ma'i'/f'^ T >£^lZ«/ y^, is ^ a. y d^ t^ /2 ai a" /r y- ^/- f SSI /rp J2'. ^. .^2 .^ ^»v .V y' y- /a y' ^ /. ^ /^. /6^ Ju) 1^ /fa 2^A o/r 7 /y /^ SOMERVILLE. 273 Wm. Somerville, was an extensive and wealthy planter. He had three children, Elizabeth, born 1789, married George Plater, eldest son of Governor Plater, of Maryland, and died young, leaving one daughter, Anna Eliza Plater, who died November 20, 1820. Governor Plater's Bible is now in the possession of C. B. Tiernan. William Clarke Somerville, and Henry Vernon Somerville, mentioned above. C. B. Tiernan has the original Inventory of Slaves, of William Somerville, made on the 10th day of March, 1807. A reduced fac simile of the first page is here given. The number of slaves is about one hundred and fifty ; and their appraised value $23,696.00. Also, the following letter from Honorable Lang- don Cheves, to H. V. Somerville: "Washington, 30th November, 1827. "Sir : "It would give me very great pleasure to reply to your letter of the 27th instant, in the fullest manner ; but I auj forbidden, by the nature of my function, to express opinions on the weight of testimony, except when deciding upon Cases under consideration. "This, I hope, you will consider as a sufficient apology, 'for my omission to do so. "But I am quite at liberty to answer as well as I can, the other enquiries of your letter. ***** 374 SOMERVILLE. "1 have annexed for your information, a Copy of the Documents you refer to. It was enclosed in a letter from Commodore Barrie, dated 8th November, 1813, addressed to Col. Fenwick. "I am, Sir, Very Eespectfnlly, "Your obedient Servant, "Langdon Cheves, "H. Y. SOMERVILLE, EsQ." "These are to Certify, that the men, women and children, named in the margin, "(There are thirty-seven names — three of which are erased.)" "Being blacks, are now on board His Majesty's Ship ^Dragon,' under my Command, in consequence of their having claimed the protection of the English Flag. "And, I do further Certify, that I have refused to comply with the applications of their late American owners, to have them restored, contrary to their wishes. "Given under my hand, on board His Majesty's Ship Dragon, in the Potomac, this 8th November, 1813. "Signed, RoBEET Barrie, "Captain and Senior officer of the Chesapeake." C. B. Tiernan found among his aunt, Mr?. Rebecca Somerville's papers, a number of letters, which he hopes will be found interesting. SOMEEVILLE. 275 "They show the high character of the family, and are all iu a remarkably good state of preservation. The first, merely signed, J. S., (which is believed to stand for James Somerville,) is a duplicate of a letter sent to George Anderson, Glasgow, Scotland. C. B. Tiernan had the honor to present it to the Historical Society of Somerville, Massachusetts. "Boston, April 9, 1743. "Dear Sir: "You may very well remember, that among others of your acquaintance, I likewise, had your promise oftener than once, of a line from you by the first oppor- tunity after your arrival in Glasgow ; which is a favor I have now long expected ; but although it has been in vain, yet I am rather inclined to suspect a miscarriage than to impute it to your forgetfulness, or believe that, yoii would be worse than your word, if you did re- member. "I suppose my letter by Captain Craigie, for Peter- head (Scotland), in answer to yours, dated at Piscata- way, (Maryland), about the time you took ship, came to your hand ; in which I told you that I had, accord- ing to your desire, plied Miss Betty, in your behalf, for a lock of her hair : which you so passionately wished to save, as a preservative of her Memory: and, which I doubt, would have been very readily granted, had not her bashful coyness counteracted, and after a visible struggle, prevailed over her inclinations ; which I am apt to believe were grounded on a passion, pretty warm in your favor, and too clear to escape the notice of her 376 SOMERVILLE. comrades afterwards ; though, hid under all the disguise that it was iu her power to -throw over it. At least it was not long after your departure, before several cir- cumstances conspired to raise in her Father, a strong suspicion that she had fixed her fancy upon somebody, though after a great deal of pains used for the dis- covery, he was kept in ignorance of the person : and I must own, I was, and am still in the dark, if I mistake yourself for the right object. Be that it will, she has, as yet, rejected the addresses of several humble servants; whom she had used with such air of indifference mixed with aversion, as if she were fully determined to deny the least sign of affection, beyond good manners, to all the world besides her own private amour; who, where- ever he be, visibly employs her thoughts, and draws many a sigh from the bottom of her heart. "Mr. Ferguson, a little after your departure, made his addresses to her, and continued very active for the most part of the winter, attempting a breach upon her heart ; but when he found she was impregnable, and proof against all the aiguments his fancy could invent, or love inspire, he was forced to let all of his hopes take wing and drop his suit, contrary to the expecta- tion of all her friends who wished, and until the issue undeceived them, thought him sure of success. ; "Mr. Cooper, son to Mr. Cooper, Minister, thought fit to second Mr. Ferguson, and set up for next Candi- date, but met with far less encouragement from her Father, and no better reception from the young Lady herself, who soon shanked him off with his finger in his mouth. "Mr. Obadiah Cookson having buried his wife,. November last, lately made an offer of her place to SOMERVILLE. 277 Miss Carrie, which she, despairing of a better, chose rather to accept, than to run the risque of being doomed to the untoward fate of leading apes, forever ; for fear of which they say she began to be fretful, and readily embraced this opportunity which delivered from the brink of despair. '•This is all the news I can afford you at present; which I can hardly imagine will yield any great enter- tainment to you, who live amidst variety in a City, every day bringing forth new noTelties, and still pregnant with more, far better suited for your amusement, than rudent as SOMERVILLE. 285 hers she probably would not stand in need of assistance from anybody ; and I hope her son, if God spares him, (for the young gentleman is rather delicate) will, in a few^ years, be able not only to support himself and his mother, but be a credit to those he is connected with. "When you are pleased to favor me with a return, please direct to Lady Gordon, of Gordonstown, at Elgin, Xorth Britain, and give your letter to Mr. Scott, who will deliver this, and who will forward yours to his friends in this country, who are also mine. "I remain with esteem, "Sir, your most obedient, ■"And very humble servant, "Agnes Gordon." John McDonald, the son of Mrs. Margaret Mc- Donald, became a Lieutenant in the Army; and served in the British Army in America, during the Revolu- tionary War. After the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, at York- town, on October 19, 1781, hostilities were practically suspended, and Lieutenant McDonald became ac- <^iuainted with his relatives in Maryland. After Peace was declared and General Washington liad resigned his Commission, the American Army was pretty much disbanded : the British Army also was reduced to a peace footing. Lieutenant McDonald writes the following Letter to his Uncle: 286: somerville:. He spells the name Somervell. (Large Seal with motto : "My Hope is constaut in Thee.'O "John JSometitell, Esq , "8t, Mart's County, "Maryland. "Edinburgh, 15th May, 17cS3. "'Dear SiRr "I take this opportunity of your friend, Doctor Brown, who is about to leave this, for Maryland, to acquaint you, that I, my Mother, and all other friends here, are well. "Since ray arrival here, I have done myself the pleasure of writing twice, by way of New York. I ho})e that my letters have got to hand. "In conseqneuce of the Peace, it is now pretty cer- tain that the Regiment I belong to, will be reduced. And as in that event, my Half-pay will be but a very scanty subsistence, even for myself, I am much puzzled to think what I shall turn to; not only on my own account, but also, indeed, chiefly on my Mother's: whom, by every tie of duty and gratitude, I am bound to provide for; and wh'\ for these several years, has relied solely upon what I afforded her out of my Pay ; small as that is. '•'riiis being the case, I am perfectly at a loss what to do. Had I only myself to look to, even upon my Half- Pay, I could make some shift or other. I have been thinking of a thousand different schemes, and among others, of trying my fortune in your Quarter of •SOMERVILLE. 287 the World, but in what way, situated as T am, I could be enabled to provide a comfortable settlement there, for myself and her, without becoming a bwiden to friends, is what I am at a loss to see. -'If, however, any plan should suggest itself to you or my Cousins, that you think I could adopt. T shall be much obliged to you to communicate it to me, "I have had several letters from your brother Kennox since I came home, but have not yet seen him. I will set out, however, in the course of a few days, for -0>'ivoch, on a visit to him. "My Mother had a letter lately, from one of her Nieces, by which I find they are all well. "My Mother joins me in affectionate Compliments to you, Mrs. Somervell, and her Nephews. "I beg, also, to be remembered to Mr. and Mrs. De- Butts, and all my other Maryland Acquaintances, whose civilities and attention to me I shall ever retain a due sense of. "I shall expect the pleasure of hearing from you soon. And in the meantime, wishing you much health and happiness, "I remain, "Dear Sir, "Your affectionate Ne})hew, "JoHN^ MacDonald. "John Somerville, Esquire, "8t. Mary's County, Maryland." He afterwards paid a visit to this Country, but does not seem to have been successful in tinding em- ployment on this side. 288 SOMERVILLB. After his return his mother writes "William Somekville, Esqr., "St. Mary's County, '•Maryland, "XoRTH America. "Edinburgh, 28th July, 1790. "My Dear Nephew: — "My 8on arrived here, only a Fortnight ago, hav- ing remained in London ever since his arrival from America. "He is extremely thin in his person, owing, I sup- pose, to the anxiety of hig mind. But thanks to God ! in good health. "The gratitude he expresses for the great friend- ship you have shown him, and the many instances of kindness that he has experienced from you, makes me trouble you with this letter, to return you my best thanks, although it must leave me feel more than I have words to express. "He was very kindly received by our friend, Lord ^lacDonald, at London, who promises to do for him, so soon as anything occurs in his power. I am well aware, however, that the promises of the Great, are not to be relied on, although I must do them, at the same time, the justice, to say that both my son and I, notwith- standing our distresses, have met with uncommon in- stance of their sincerity. "My unfortunate Sister, Nancy Somerville, died here, about two months ago. Her situation was, no doubt, truly lamentable, and her distress, I doubt not, hastened her death ; but my own circumstanses were such, as put it out of my power to give her assistance. "By this event, her share of my Brother George's SOMERVILLE. 289 property devolves upon Keiniox, Mrs. Patterson, and nie. "If, therefore, yonr Brother, the Doctor, has not as yet remitted it here, you will be so good as to retain Kennox's and my share of it, in part payment of my Son's debt to you ; but this, I suppose, my Son will write you more fully of. "I understand from my Son, that he has made you acquainted with our circumstances, and the connections that are friendly to us here. I have, therefore, the pleasure to inform yon, that he has this day received another letter from our friend, Sir William Gordon, of Gordonstown, wanting to know if he had got anything done by Lord MacDonald, at London, and desiring him, in the kindest manner, to come to him, and offering every assistance in his power, in his affairs. So that he leaves this, in the course of next week for Gordonstown. I had yesterday, a letter from my Brother, who, and family, are all well. John has not been there yet — he does not go West, till he returns from the North, but had also, a very kind letter yesterday, from his Uncle, on his arrival. "I beg, although unacquainted, to present my kind compliments to Mrs. Somerville, and both your Brothers. "I would be very happy to have the pleasure of hea^'ing from you, and if there is anything in my Power to serve you or yours, you may command, "I ever am, "My Dear Nephew, "Your much obliged, "and affectionate Aunt, "Margaret MacDonald." 290 SOMERVILLE. Lieutenant John Mac Donald writes the foHowing long letter, in Duplicate, to his Cousin, Dr. George Somervell : "Edii^burgh, 23 August, 1790. "My Dear Sir: "I have this moment finished a very long letter for you, which I send by the way of Glasgow, accompanied with your Ring in a small box, to the care of Mr. Blair, at Port Tobacco. But lest it should be long in reach- ing you, or any accident befall it, I shall (as I have not yet sealed it) just here transcribe it to you verbatim, and forward this by the Packet. *'I doubt not, but you are much surprised at not having heard from me, long before this time. I trust, however, you will do me justice, to believe that my silence has not proceeded either from want of regard, or from being forgetful of friends whom I must ever remember with the warmest affection. "The fact is, that after the long letter of Novem- ber 30, I wrote your brother from London, acquainting him of my arrival there, &c., I determined not to write again till such time as I should have reached Scotland, which, from a chain of unforeseen occurrences, I did not do till a few weeks ago, as I remained in London ever since my arrival there, having deferred my departure from day to day, and week to week, in consequence of the encouragement so to do, given me by my friend. Lord Mac Donald. "On my arrival here in Edinburgh, I have had the satisfaction to find my Mother in excellent health, and good spirits. "As to our LTncle Kennox and family, they are also all well — it will be some weeks yet, however, before I SOMEKVILLE. 291 will see them, as even by Kennox's owu advice, I am to pay my first visit to my friend, Sir William Gordon, of Gordonstovvn, in the North Country, whose friendsnip to me yon may remember my mentioning, when with vou, and I may add, whose kindness to me, since my return to this country, far exceeds the most sanguine expectations I could have formed. "Immediately, on my arrival in London, I received letters from him, in which, after regretting my various disappointments and embarrassments, he writes me in the handsomest manner, to make his house my head- quarters, and to reside with him as a friend, till such time as something cast up, in which he might have it in his power to assist me further, by getting me into some line of life that might enable me, as he terms it, to push my way into the World. "And I have since I came here, received another letter from him to the same effect. In consequence of which, I set out for the North, to-morrow, or next day. "My stay in London was lengthened by my having waited near two months there, before Lord MacDonald returned from the Isles : his Lordship's reception of me was as kind and friendly as I could possibly have looked for— he soon entered with me into discussion of all my affairs and domestic concerns, and assured me in the most explicit manner of his being sincerely inclined to render me any service in his power. "As yet, however, nothing has been really in his power. "Yon will have learned, no doubt, from the news- papers,, our Parliament's having been dissolved. This, of course, keeps the Great ones themselves in a state of bustle and anxiety, so that till such time as the 292 SOMERVILLE. new Parliament meets, and his Lordship's frieads get securely refixed in their seats, it is folly for me to expect he would apply or that they would ask any favor of a Minister. * * * "I am taking care not to build my Castles too high, so that if they should fall to the ground, I will not he altogether buried in the ruins. * * * * "You will recollect my having informed you, that my Sister, without consulting either my Mother or me, had several years ago, married a gentleman of the name of Gunn, a young man whom we never as much as ever saw. * * * "I have now the pleasure to find, however, that that marriage has turned out exceedingly well for my sister; as her husband has now got an office under the Government, to the amount of some hundreds a year, being appointed Clerk of the Cheque, to the office of ordnance, in the Island of Guernsey, and that they live in a very respectable and genteel manner, associating with the first company ; and, among others, that they are in the habit of visiting and being visited by the Governor himself and family. * * * "I have now to inform you of a more melancholy event. Our poor, unfortunate Aunt, Agnes Somerville, died here about two months ago. I doubt not, but her distresses may have hastened her death ; her situation, was, no doubt, truly deplorable, but which, neither my Mother, nor I, although ever so much inclined, had ability to relieve. By this event, you know, her share of our deceased Uncle George's property devolves upon Kennox, Mrs. Patterson and my Mother, the surviving Brother and Sisters. If, therefore, you have not as yet transmitted it to this country, which, 1 am hopeful may SOMERVILLE. 293 be the case, as I have not learned that any person here has received it for her, yon will please to pay it, (I mean Kennox's and my Mother's proportion of it,) to yonr Brother William, in part payment of my debt to him, which he will give you a receipt for. * * * "Having now, my Dear Sir, given yon a full detail of all my concerns, and no doubt tired your patience with Egotism, less I shall porceed io your business, and inform you how I have executed the Commissions you have honored me with. "On my arrival here, I mean in Scotland, I im- mediately wrote Messrs. Findlay, Hopkirk & Co., your friend Mr. Matthew Blair's partners in Glasgow, to know when they would have another vessel going for the Potomac, by which I could get a letter and small box or package transmitted to Mr Blair. Their answer was, that as they had one that sailed only two days ago, they would not have another of their own to sail this season, but that there is a vessel named the Glasgow soon to sail for the Eastern Shore of Maryland, by which they are sending some things themselves, to Port Tobacco, and that if I choose, they would forward mine along with them. You will, therefore, receive this letter by that con- veyance, undercover of one to Mr. Blair, and along with it a small box containing your mourning ring. "They will, I suppose, be sent to Port Tobacco, from the Eastern Shore in the Pilot boat, or some country craft. "The Ring, 1 hope, will please; it was made by one of the most eminent hands in London — his Majesty's Goldsmith and Jeweller. I don't, however, mention this as any recommendation, further than to convince you that it is not my fault if it does not please, as I ap- 294 SOMERV^ILLE. plied to the best hand. The price was just two guineas. "A mourning ring of the common kind, I mean those commonly worn, is only one Guinea, but then it is quite different from this— there is no hair set in it, in this way — it is just a plain circle. I mean shaped like those rings that have no stones or other ornaments set in them ; the outer side or surface is black enamelled, and the motto or age, &c., of the deceased encompasses the outside of the rim. But as you had given me a particu- lar description of what you wished for, I adhered strictly to your directions. Such rings, however, as this of yours, are also worn here for mourning, and, indeed, in my opinion, are. no doubt, the handsomest of the two. You will oberve that this one of yours is also black enamelled, which constitutes it a mourning ring. "You remember that I received three guineas from you ; so that I owe you a guinea, which in your future commissions you may debit me with. "With respect to the Books you proposed my send- ing you, I have shown my acquaintance, Mr. Balfour, the list jou gave me. They can be sent whenever you write me so to do. * * * Xhe price of Bell's System of Surgery is uow filled up. * * On the back you have an account of the Encyclopedia Brittanica, a Diction- ary of the Arts and Sciences, that is just now publish- ing. The volumes already come out, I have seen, and agreeably to your desire, dipped into — they most com- pletely answer your idea^are perfectly what you wish for. It is the same publication that I recollect your mentioning to me, as having heard> so highly spoken of— it is carried on by a Society of gentlemen of this country. SOMERVILLE. 295 "To have it in boards I think would not suit you. You ought to have the Volumes bound here. You see there are only five volumes and a half yet pub- lished, which comes to Five guineas and a half. How- ever, when you transmit the cash you had best send the price of six volumes, as there will be another half volume printed before I can have your return to this letter. * * * * "My deferring till another opportunity the General Catalogue of Books, with the remarks you wished for, I hope you will be kind enough to excuse; as from my leaving Town, so soon just now, and having all my vis- its yet to pay, I am as much busied as if I was a Mr. Pitt or a General Washington. "I shall not attempt to give you any News or Poli- tics, at present. Your Newspapers, will, no doubt, have informed you of everything remarkable. "To be sure, this same Revolution in France is as rehiarkable and extraordinary an event, as history can boast of. I do assure you — although from what you used to allege against me, in our disputations, you will still, I am afraid, be doubting my sincerity, that I most sincerely wish the good people of France, as well as all mankind, liberty and happiness. And in the most es- sential points of their Revolution, they have, I think, hitherto, conducted themselves with a wisdom^ spirit, and perseverance, that do them the highest honor. At the same time, they have in some things, Frenchmen like, flown from one extreme to another; and in banish- ing slavery, have speculated too much in ideal schemes of refining on liberty. To be a little of a pedant, I must observe with my friend, Horace, 'Est Modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, quos ultra, citra que, hand ^96 SOMERVILLE. recte ibis.' (There is moderation in all things, and there are limits beyond which it is not right to go.) "0 ! I have news for you. Whom do you think I met in London, by the merest accident in the world, but your old acquaintance, young Jennings,* of Annapolis. He returns this fall to Maryland, and has promised me that he will make it his business to see you, and give you the particulars of our meeting, which was, indeed, ^s laughable, as unexpected. "It was in what is called one of the Genteel Eating Houses, in London, to which, being that day on the stroll, and disengaged, I had stepped in. They are in the same style as a Coffee House — one common room as a reception of all guests, so that from the room being pretty full of people, I had sat down, and nearly dined, when a Gentleman, who sat reading a newspaper at an- other table, tapped me on the shoulder, and asked me if my name was MacDonald. "On hearing him speak, and surveying him a half a minute, I immediately recognized my old acquantaince, Mr. Jennings, and in the first emotion of surprise, and the satisfaction I felt at the meeting, I could not refrain from bursting out, regardless of those around us, into an exclamation of " 'Set me ashore, in two feet of water ! is this you ?' "We soon adjourned to where we could have our chat undisturbed, and during the few weeks after that, that I remained in London, we frequently were *"Young Jennings" was probably the son or Grand- son of Edmund Jennings, Attorney General of the Colony of Maryland. ■SOHERTILLE. 297 togetlier. We had several rambles, an account of which he will, no doubt, give you, when you meet. "Besides the satisfaction I had on his own account, «in meeting with Mr. Jennings, as he is, you know, a very agreeable and pleasant companion ; it replaced me, as it were, for the tim-e, in St. Mary's, and made me reit- •«rate scenes, the recollection of which, must ever afford ■me pleasure. "I must now conclude this long letter by request- ing that yon may not fail to let me have the pleasure ■of hearing from you by first Packet. My address I have given you at bottom, by way of Postscript. I recollect that the direction that I left with you was to the care of Mr. Stuart Moodie,Writer to the Signet, here, a particular a,cquaintanee and companion of ntine. ^'My reason for that was that my Mother has always been ac-customed to open all letters that come to her for me, with the same freedom as if directed to herself. * * * "However, at any time that you are writing to me upon business, or feel yourself inclined, you may use the address I give you below to my Mother's house. I hope, and expect, however, that your letters will be oc^ casionally enriched by some of your Forest adventures, and that you will, from time to time, let me know how all my friends are in that quarter. *'I shall be very anxious till I have the pleasure of hearing from you, to know if this, and your ring, got safe to hand. I will, at all events, expect to hear by first Packet after this reaches you. "I hope you will send me a list of all the deaths, births, and marriages, since I left you. "My Mother joins in best wishes for your prosper- 298 SOMERVILLE. ity and happiness. And begging to be kindly remem- bered to all my acqnaintances, "I remain, with the warmest regard, "My Dear Sir, "Your obliged and "ever affectionate cousin, "John MacDonald. "My address is, "LlEUTElSrANT JoHN MacDoNALD, "At Mrs. MacDonald's, Gillies Land, "North St. James Street, "New Town, "Edinburgh, "North Britain." C^^..-^^^^.^^ r^^^^i^iy^^t'€!t^*ty CHARLES TIERNAN. 301 Charles Tiernan" was born in his father's house, now No. 21 East Baltimore Street, November 4, 1797. He was named after St. Charles Borromeo, upon whose day he was born, as is frequently the case in Irish Catholic families, and also after Mr. Charles Ghequiere, a prominent merchant and intimate friend of the family. C. B. Tiernan has a book called "Beauties of Robertson, being Passages From the Works of the Historian of Charles V., of Scotland, and of America," which has written in it "Charles Tiernan, "Christmas, 1811, "From His Godmother, "Ghequiere." The Portrait of him, from which this picture is taken, was painted by Chester Harding in 1827, and was specially bequeathed by him to Uis son. He was educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, at that time one of the most prominent educational institutions in this country. He was a schoolmate, and warm personal friend of Samuel Eccleston, afterwards Archbishop of Baltimore, and he used frequently to say, that every Archbishop of Baltimore had often dined, and had all been on in- timate terms at his father's and at his own house. Most Reverend Ambrose Marechal, Archbishop of Baltimore, from 1S17 to 1828, returned to the United States in 1811, on one of Luke Tiernan's vessels. The High Altar in the Cathedral, which is one of the most beautiful in this country, was presented to 302 CHARLES TIERJ^rAK. Archbishop Marechal by the priests of Marseilles, France, who had been his former scho'ars, on May 31, 1821. It was "Privile'red" by Pope Pius VIL, in 1822, and Consecrated by Archbishop Bayley, June 8, 1886. Charles Tiernan always valued very highly among his pictures, an oil painting of the "Head of Christ," a copy of which is here given. It was said to have been cut out of a large picture which had been taken from a Church in Spain, during the French occupation of that country, in the Napole- onic wars, and it has this inscription upon the back : "Bartolomeo Murillo, nativo de Seviglia. "Presented to the Archbishop, by Madame Seton, on her death bed, 1821." It is believed that it was given by the Archbishop, to Luke Tiernan, as an acknowledgment of services, and as a token of friendship. In 1816 Charles Tiernan was sent to Europe for about a year, and sailed for Liverpool with Captain William Graham, who was a part owner with Luke Tiernan in the Bark "Franklin." He spent the greater part of the time in England and Ireland, and received much attention ; among others from Sir William Brown, in Liverpool, who represented Brown, Shipley & Co., of London. On one occasion, when going by Stage from Man- chester to Leeds, with Mr. James Brown, who was a tall, elderly gentleman, while he was a ruddy young man, little more than a lad, he got into a dispute Avith. a burly Englishman over their hats, which had got mixed up, — high silk hats being worn at the time in England by every one — and while the stage was waiting, and the Head of Christ. CHARLES TIERNAN. 305 guard blowing his horn for the passengers to take their seats, the big Englishman lost his temper, as Mr. Brown came forward to ask what was the difficulty, and exclaimed to Mr. Tiernan, ''You little rascal, I will whip you and your tutor too." C. B, Tiernan has his Father's Passport to travel in France. It is on Parchment, in the French lan- guage, dated November 7, 1816, signed by John Quincy Adams, Minister from the United States to Great Britain and Ireland. In Ireland he was entertained by his Father's rela- tions, who lived near Drogheda; and particularly by one of his uncles, who was a great fox-hunter. He brought home a considerable number of very fine Books, many of them illustrated. Among them Gillray's and Cruikshank's Sketches — a jjroof Edition of "Lodge's Memoirs of Illustrious Personages," in 12 volumes. The "Musee Francais," in four very large volumes ; Boydell's Illustrations of Shakespeare, and others. C. B. Tiernan still has some of his Father's books, and among them he values the "Picture of London for 1816, Being a Correct Guide to All the Curiosities, &c., &C.J in and Near London," with the name on the front page, "Charles Tiernan, London, September, 1816." Upon his return to America, he entered his Father's counting room, and went through all the grada- tions of service, and was afterward made a member of the firm. On one occasion, he took a ride of fifteen hundred miles on horseback, most of the time alone, across Vir- ginia, by way of Cumberland Gap, to Kentucky, Ten- 306 CHARLES TIERNAN. liessee, and the Western and Southern States, to collect the accounts of the house. Long afterwards, in 1862, during the Civil War, while he was talking with Mr. Samuel W. Smith, Mr. Bonaparte and a group of gentlemen, each one spoke of how he was economizing — one said that he had put down his carriage, another, that he had discharged some of his servants, others, that they had given up drinking brandy and taken to whiskey, or that they had given up smoking cigars, and taken to pipes. Mr. Tiernan said that he did not keep a carriage, nor more servants than he required, but that he had worked hard in his young days, and that in his age, he thought that he was always entitled to a glass of brandy, which, at that time was considered a gentleman's drink, and to a good Cigar. On the 21st of December, 1821, he was Commis- sioned by Governor Samuel Sprigg, "Quarter Master of the Fifth Regiment of the Militia of the State of Mary- land, in the City of Baltimore." And on the 2nd of November, 1824, he was Com- missioned by Governor Samuel Stevens, Jr., "Brigade Quarter Master, to the First Artillery Brigade of the Militia of the State of Maryland." C. B. Tiernan still has both these Commissions. He was one of the Managers of the Hibernian Society of Baltimore, fi^om 1830 to 1838. On March 17, 1836, a letter was received by the Hibernian Society, from Charles Tiernan, Treasurer of CHARLES TIERNAN, 307 the "Associated Friends of Ireland," enclosing to them,. $16.68, the balance of the funds of that Association. He took much interest in the political situation in. Mexico when it declared its independence. C. B. Tier- nan has a letter to him from Augustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, which is translated as follows : "Mexico, May 4, 1822. "My Dear and Esteemed Sir: — "By the correspondence which I have just received, which was brought to me by the schooner Iguala, pro- ceeding from Philadelphia, I have received letters from Senor Don Kichard Meade, and Commander Eugenio Cortes, of this Government, which both assure me of the good offices which you have done on behalf of my Nation, as well in assisting the Comissioners, as in es- tablishing our credit, making right the opinion respect- ing us, and negotiating with your Government the recognition of our Independence. "These services which this Government owes to the illustrious liberality of yourself, and which denotes a predilection to the Country to which I belong, has ex- cited in me the most profound gratitude, and decided me to offer you my friendship and my respects. "Have the kindness to consider these exj^ressions as emanating from the necessity of a free heart. "I am, with due consideration, your affectionate and faithful servant, who kisses your hand, (Q, S. M. B.) "Augustine de Iturbide, "Senor Don Carlos Tiernan." 308 CHARLES TIERNAN". Mr. Tiernan was subsequently presented by him with a curious watch of Mexican manufacture. It had only one hand indicating the minutes ; and the figures indicating the hours, changpd every hour, and showed through a square hole cut in the top of the dial. There was an inscription in the watch saying, it "was pre- sented to him by a friend — obsequio de un amigo." He also was presented with a gold medal for his services. The medal he was obliged to sell for $20, the value of the gold, when he was in want of money at one time ; and the watch he afterwards gave to his nephew, Col. L. T. Brien. He was appointed Consul for Mexico at Baltimore, and performed the duties of his office faithfully, for upwards of twenty years. The letters to him from J. N. Almonte, Minister from Mexico, and others, are most complimentary and gratifying. The following is from Chief Justice Eoger Brooke Takey :— "Charles Tiernan, Esquire, "Charles Street. "Lexington" Street, "October 27, 1843. "My Dear Sir: "I return vou the letter of the Mexican Minister tlHAKLES TIERNAK. "SOB with many thanks for the tronble you have taken in 'behalf of my unfortunate kinsman, "I am, with great respect and regard, •"Your obedient servant, "R. B. Taney." Commodore Morgan, nephew of General Daniel Morgan, of the Revolution, was a warm personal friend. He writes : ^'FoR Charles Tiernan, Esq., ■"Baltimore, Maryland, "XJ. S. Of America, ■"Navy Department, "L. Warrington, "IT. S. Ship Columbus, "Toulon, May 17, IS-t:^. *'My Dear Oonsulado : "I wrote a hasty uote by the Preble, to say immedi- ately upon the reception of your note at Genoa I went to Avork on the pictures and seeking after statuary, knowing pretty nearly what you wished, and purchased the 'Holy Family' of a Jew amateur, who sold it to me for an original, though he was satisfied at the time that it was a copy. After discovering his mistake he offered from one to eleven doubloons for my bargain. "This, together with the 'Falls of Tivoli,' both by masters of the first celebrity, and the 'Holy Family,' two hundred years old, by Pioli, was all that I could procure in Genoa, that you would have been pleased with. "Again, I should have gone in for smaller pictures 310 CHARLES TIERXAN. for your purpose. Such a choice as you recjuire, would have occu])ied two or three weeks at Naples. Of this pleasure, 1 am now, however, debarred, as I leave as soon as this northwest gale is over, for Brazil. "Having reference to McCaleb's debt, I sent it for collection, and that if you had been successful, to keep it in part payment; but not intending it as any part of the payment of my debt to you otherwise. "The pictures have been sent to you by the U. S. Sloop-of-War 'Preble,' in charge of Lieutenant Fraley, of your City, which will most probably be at home by July or August. "Had it not been for my honesty, I could not have sent the 'Holy Family' to you, it is the most beautiful of all that I have seen, and I have seen many, but as I bought it for you, I thought it too much like stealing to make any other appropriation of it. "The Holy Family sold on for 2,700 francs. "Commodore (Charles) Morris is here, and I have transferred the Squadron to him. He admits it to be the most efficient Squadrgn he ever saw, and the best disciplined, with more etiquette. "He was much more in love with the Mediterranean Squadron than I am, as it was not yet exactly to my notion. We all exercised at sea, with the Delaware, his Flagship, and tried our sailing together. "We chased to windward for three hours, and had he not made a signal to heave to, the old Columbus would have lost him. The breeze was light, and the sea smooth. Indeed, the Columbus beat the whole squadron ; and Nicholson in the Fairfield, next. The Delaware was left about three miles astern. "After I left, he exercised the squadron in every CHARLES TIEKNAK. 311 way, and every ship in it beat him at every uianceuvre. In strijiping topsails after I \eft them, the Fairlleld- Nicholson, stripped in fourteen minutes, and beat the Delaware from twenty minutes to half an hour. The Fairfield was the flagship last y^ar, and is the crack nag. "After this last and worse beating, he made a sig- nal /(;r my late beauties to disperse, and to my great sur- prise, in three or four days, I saw the heaiitiful Congress^ Captain Voorhees, turning the point coming into Tou- lon, in search of me, and the day after, in came the Fairfield-Nicholson. The Fairfield's orders were, how- ever, urgent in another direction, and after being in company for two days, I made a signal to obey her orders without delay, and in half an hour we could see no more of her. ''The Congress hangs to us, though her Captain begins to be anxious. "I shall make the same signal to him in the morn- ing. "Write me, and address your letters to me to Brazil, (Rio.) "Tell me all the news, and collect something about my daughter. I seldom hear from he. Present me most respectfully to your wife, and believe, as ever, "Very truly your friend. "Chas. W. Morgan. "Plenipo. "P. S. — I have, or had when I left, one of the finest sons — now about eight weeks old-^you ever saw, "1 have to leave them in the Mediterranean, hav- ing no permission to take them with me. "C. W. M." 3"12 CHARLES TTERNAlSr. Admii'ul George B. BalcVi, who was passed Mid- shipman, assigned to special duty, npou the Flagship^ on this cruise, (see Dictionary of American Biography) described Conmodore Morgan, to C. B. Tiernan, as a handsome man, and a fine officer. He said that when they were in the Bay of Xaples, Commodore Morgan received a visit on hoard of his Flagship from the King of Naples and Sicily, Ferdi- nand II., accompanied by members of the Royal family, and a large Staff of officers, whose brilliant uniforms were covered with decorations, and glittered with gold and jewels. In warm climates, it is often necessary to put up Wind sails, which are wide tubes or funnels of canvas, to convey a current of fresh air to the low^er parts of the ship, and this had been done on this occasion. A member of the Staff attempted to lean against one of these, and fell into the hole — and the Quarter- master immediately notified the officer of the deck of the accident. "Beg pardon, Sir, I have to report. Sir, that one of those Kings has just tumbled down the Hatchway !" In June, 1888, the following article appeared in the New York Times : "A Hero's Sword Goes Begging. "There was deposited at the United States assay office, on Thursday, a gold sword and sheatli bearing the following inscriptions : " 'Presented by the State of Virginia to Charles Waugh Morgan, in honor of his intrepidity and valor as a Lieutenant of the United States Frigate Constitu- CHARLES TIEHNAN, 313 tion at tlie capture of the British Frigate Guerriere and the Java, 19th August, 1812— 29th December. 1815.' "The scabbard is handsomely decorated with engraved, floral designs. At the top are the words, 'Honor to the brave,' and upon the tip, the coat of arms of Virginia, witli the motto, 'Sic Semper Tyran- 11 is.' There is a picture in relief of the Constitution and one of the Guerriere. "Upon the death of Lieutenant Morgan, this sword was lequeathed to his family, and finally came into possession of its present owner — a near relative of the Lieutenant. He is an artist living in London. "In February last he sent the sword and scab- bard to General Horatio C. King, with a re(piest that he dispose of it, as he was in the need of money. 'I have tried my best,' said Mr. King, 'to secure for the owner of the sword, a price commensurate with its real value, as a historical relic. I have offered it to nearly every prominent historical society in the country, but not one had any money to spend in that Avay. Secre- tary Whitney, to whom I also offered it for the Naval Department, also pleaded poverty, saying no appropria- tion was available for the purchase of such relics. Even the State of Virginia didn't want it. "I don't like to sell it for old gold, but I've got to do so, as the owner needs money." C. B. Tiernan immediately wrote to the superin- tendent of the assay office, and said that his Father and Commodore Morgan had been warm friends, and that he would like, if possible, to purchase the sword ; and received the following reply: 314 CHARLES TIBRNAN". U. S. Assay Office, Xew York City, Superintendent's Office, "June 19, 1888. "Ohas. B. Tiernan Esq., "11 E. Lexington St., "Baltimore, Md. "Sir: "The sword to which you refer has been melted up at this office. "Its gross value in gold and silver, was about $140.00. "I return herewith the newspaper cutting, as you request. "Very Respectfully, "Andrew Mason, "Superintendent." Charles Tiernan was short of stature, but strik- ingly handsome in apjiearance, and was always very prominent in social life. In his early years he dressed with great elegance, and he was always particular in regard to his personal appearance. Colonel John Spear Nicholas said that Mr. Tier- nan was the handsomest and most refined looking man that he had ever seen. He said that one eveuing at a party, he asked C. Tiernan how he was enjoying liimself ; who replied? that he was not enjoying himself at all, because his clothes did not suit him, and were not becoming to him. and on another occasion, Eobert Gilmor, Jr., said of a tailor, that he made C. Tiernan's clothes, which was a CHARLES TIERNAN. 315 gnanmtee of his excellence. His last tailor was Fred- erick Stauf. He was Groomsman for David Ridgely. who mar- ried Miss Norman, in January, 1820. He was Groomsman for Jerome N. Bonaparte, who married Miss Susan May Williams, in October, 1829, and was one of the pall-bearers at his funeral in 1870. He was Groomsman for Senor Jose Maria Montoya, Charge d'affaires in Charge of the Mexican Legation in Washington, at his marriage to Miss Emily Whelan, of Baltimore. He was God Father to Miss Harriet Buchanan, who was the daughter of Dr. Francis J. Buchanan, and Mrs. Anna Maria Nelson Buchanan, and who afterwards became the wife of Cumberland Dugan. Charles Tiernan was one of the first members of the Baltimore Club, which was organized in 1832. The house stood upon a hill on the north side of Fayette Street, above North Street. It became the Maryland Club in 1857, and moved to the North-East corner of Franklin and Cathedral Streets. He concinued a member of it, until a short time before his death. Governor Thomas Swann, told C. B. Tiernan, in 1876, that while he was looking over some of his old papers in the office of his son-in-law, General Ferdi- nand C. Latrobe, he had found an Invitation to one of the Maryland Assemblies, and that Charles Tiernan and himself were the only survivors of the Board of Managers of it. A gentleman once sent to one of his daughters at 316 CHARLES TIERNAN. Christmas, a small bnst of the Emperor William I., of Germany, on account of its strong resemblance to her Father. When the workmen were carving the heads of stone, above the windows on North Charles Street, of the Mount Vernon Methodist Church, they carved the one after him, which is the third from the last, towards the North. His complexion was always remarkably fine. His manners to his friends were most cordial, and to ser- vants, affable. His servants were attached to him and desirous to serve him. His temper was quick ; and Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan said that she had never seen any one, who was so rapid in coming to a conclusion upon any matter, and this characteristic had the effect of making him sometimes impatient and severe. His brother-in-law, Henry V. Somerville, had pur- chased a sugar plantation, in Louisiana, about the year 1835. Mr. Somerviile's letters from this place, some of which are now in the possession of Mrs. Julia D- Shields, of Natchez, Miss., are exceedingly interesting, and are full of the brightest descriptions and anticipa- tions. He was taken sick, and died after a short illness, in 1837, in the forty-fifth year of his age. After his death, Charles Tiernan was obliged to spend much time in Louisiana, in endeavoring to settle Mr. Somerviile's estate, as well as other matters in which his Father's firm was concerned. At that time the situation of pecuniary affairs all CHARLES TIERNAN. 317 over the United States, was one of great uncertainty^ and of great anxiety and distress. Mr. Tiernan wrote long letters to his Sister, Mrs. Somervilk, in regard to her affairs. It is regretted that they are of too personal a nature to be given here. One of them begins ; "New Orleans, January 7> 183.8. •'Dear Becky : — •'I wrote to Father a few days after my return from the Plantation, giving him an account of every- thing, and the necessary steps we had taken. "I was much disappointed in the place, ''Henry, in his anxiety to get settled, gave too much for the land, and also for the stock, &c„ upon it. "It will never bring Cost and Expenses. * * * "I will do all and everything in my power to bring this unfortunate matter to a successful termination. ''It is painful to be obliged to sell the poor negroes— they all begged me not to do so-^but what else can be done. "/ would hardlt/ be willing to take the best Estate in the South, and own Slams. * * *" His Library was a very well selected one, of about 1,200 volumes; many of them original and handsome editions. His collections of Paintings and Statuary and works of Art was quite a good one, and his home was the scf-ne of a generous and refined hospitality. He was very averse to display, but a great many v318 CHARLES TIERNAN. small entertainments of various kinds were given at his house which were spoken of as having been most agreeable. Hon. J. Morrison Harris and his wi£e told C. B. Tiernan that they had never enjoj^ed themselves more than at one of the parties at Mr. Tiernau's. Among the Silver which was in constant use, was a very large Coffee Urn, with his parents initia s, "L. A. T." (Luke and Ann Tiernan,) upon it, and the English "Hall mark," 1799. Among his china, were a dozen small plates, in blue and white and gold, which were coffee cup plates. A long time ago, it was the custom of some gentle- men to pour the coffee out of the cup, and drink it from the saucer, and to put the cup upon one of these plates. When these plates were used for other pur- poses, visitors used often to ask what they had been originally intended for. Charles Tiernan was married three times. First on April 38, 1831, by Archbishop Whitfield, to Helen, daughter of Judge Richard B. Magruder, and Grand-daughter of General John Strieker. The Strieker Vault is on the South side of the burial ground of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, southeast corner of Fayette and Greene Streets. General Strieker's portrait, in uniform, wearing the decoration of the Cincinnatti Society, used to hang over the mantel piece, in Mr. Tiernan's dining-room. CHARLES TIERNAX. 319 and is now deposited in the Gallery of the Maryland Historical Society. Mr. Tieraan's dwelling house was searched for arms, &c., several times during the Civil War, on account of Southern sympathies of his family, and on one of these occasions, General Strieker's sword, which always hung on the rack in the hall, was carried off, and could never be recovered. General John Strieker was the son of Captain George Strieker, a prominent officer of the Maryland Line, during the Kevolution. He was in command of the militia of Baltimore, at the time of the dreadful riots of July 27, 1812, when General Lingan and others were killed, and Gen. Henry Lee and others badly injured. It was thought that Gen. Strieker did not realize the seriousness of the situation, at the time, and that if the troops had been ordered out sooner, the blood- shed might have been prevented, or at least, that there might have been less violence. He commanded the American troops at the Battl.^ of North Point, September 12, 1814. His children were : Miss Catharine Strieker, who died unmarried ; Helen, who married Judge Richard B. Magruder; Margaret, who married William Bradford, a des- cendant of Governor William Bradford, of Massa- chusetts ; Laura, who married Captain Joseph Nicholson, U. S. N. ; and , who married Isaac Coles, of Estouteville, Virofinia. •5'iO CHARLES TIERNAK". Mrs. Helen Tiernan was an intimate friend of Miss Eliza Kidgely, who married John Ridgely, of Hampton ; and they exchanged Portraits. Mrs. Eidgely was extremely handsome, and Mrs. Tiernan's grand daughter, Mrs. Helen Coyle, used to l^lace Miss Eidgely's portrait upon her dressing table. Mrs. Tiernan's portrait, by Sully, is now in the possession of Julian LeRoy White. Mrs. Helen Tiernan died 18.34j leaving one daugh- ter, Helen Catharine Strieker, born 1832 ; married Henry A. Fenwick, 1852; died September 7, 1870, leaving one daughter,, Helen. Among Miss Helen Tiernan's friends, who were also her Bridesmaids, were Miss Sarah Hopkins, daughter of Basil Hopkins, who married John Snowden, of Suowden Hall, Prince George's Co., Md> ; Miss Catharine Cohen, daughter of David Cohen, who married Myers, of New York ; Miss Mary Lee, daughter of Hon. John Lee, and Harriet Carroll, who married Dr. Letterman, of San Francisco ; And Miss Achsah Carroll, daughter of Charles R. Carroll, and Eebecca Pue, wh-o married William Shippen, of Philadelphia. Charles Tiernan was married, second, on December W, 1836, to Miss Cay Robertson Bernard, of Virginia, of whom later on. Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan. MRS. ^lARY SPEAR TIE'-JNAN". 323 He was married, third, by Rev, Father Giustiiiiaiii, «i:Mi July 23, 1873, to Miss Mary Spear Nicholas, There was uo issue bv this mari"iao-e. She was a lady of iiitelligei-ice. and of an attractive personality. After her marriage, Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan, gave much attention to Literature, in which work she WHS greatly encouraged and assisted by her husband, ■and after his death she seemed to lose all interest in it, and abanconed all her efforts. Mrs. Mary S. Tiernan was one of the founders of ^■The Woman's Literary Club," and after her death, their tributes to her memory expressed their great admiration and appreciation of her. Her picture here is tak^n from a Photograph of lier ; and the picture of her, in the room of the "Woman's Literary Club,"' is an enlarged copy, which was taken from the same E^hotograph, Mr. C. Tiernan said that she reminded him of Mrs. Gav R. Tiernan. She contributed a number of essays and Historical Articles to the Southern Review, Scribner's Magazine, and The Century Magazine. Afterwards, upon the suggesHon that she should write a Novel, and endeavor to portray the life ^ith which she was familiar, she wrote "Homoselle," a Novel, the principal incidents of which Avere founded upon fact. The plot of it was taken from the history of Vir- 3'24 MR8. MARY SPEAR TIERNAN. ginia. ami turned upon occurrences which had takeii place in the earl\' part of this C'entury, during a rising uf the negroes for their freedom, which was called "(Jabriel's War." Mr. K. A. Brock, in a most kind letter, sent ('. B. Tiernan an account of this event, from which the following statement is taken : On December 5, 1800, Gov. James Monroe, in a message to the General Assembly of Virginia, stated that on August .30, 1800, he had received information of a proposed rising of the slaves on that night : that their intention was to kill their masters and their fam- ilies, and proceed to Richmond, where they would be joined by the negroes there ; would seize the public arms and ammunition, murder the white inhabitants and take possession of the City. Governor Monroe took immediate measures to' order the Infantry and Cavalry to be placed on guard. On the evening of that day there took place one of the most extraordinary falls of rain ever known in the country. The streams became impassable, thus pre- venting the execution of the plans of the negroes. On September 1, Governor Monroe convened the Council of Htate, and twenty of the conspirators were arrested. At their trial, it was demonstrated that a general insurrection was contemplated ; that they had elected Gabriel as General. Keligion was also invoked; and they claimed that God had said in the Bible, "If you worship Him, five of you shall conquer a hundred of your enemies." The witnesses at the trials w^ere all negi-oes. Five of the conspirators were executed on Sep- MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERNAX. o2h tember 12, five more on Septemljer 15. Gabriel wjis •executed iii Norfolk, in Jannary, 1801. Her next Work was "ISuzette," nnd this was fol- lowed by "Jack Horner," her last Work. Mrs. Henry Newell Martin, formerly the beautiful Miss Hettie Gary, said that "Jack Horner" contained the best descriptiou of life in Richnior.d, during the Civil War, that she had ever seen. Mrs. Mary S. Tiernan, was the daughter of Robert Carter Nicholas, who was for many years United States District Attorney, for Virginia, and Elizabeth Ambler. Mrs. Nicholas was the daughter of Colonel John Ambler, and Elizabeth Bush. Colonel John Ambler entered the Revolutionary Army, at sixteen years of age. He was the son of Col. John Jacciuelin Ambler, who was the first Treasurer of V^irginia, after the Revolution. R. C. Nicholas was the son of Philip Norborne Nicholas, Attorney General of Virginia, and Judge, and his first wife, who was Miss Mary Spear, of Baltimore, whom he married February 19, 1798. She was the daughter of Colonel John Spear, who was the son of William Spear. William Spear's daughter, Dorothy, married Wil- liam Patterson, and was the Mother of Mrs. Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, and others. Another daughter married General Samuel Smith. Judge Philij) Norborne Nicholas was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas and Ann Gary. 'S>''2(y JTRS. MAEY SPEAR TTFAiKXW. He was named after Lord Botetourt, who was it warm personal fFieod of his father, R. 0. Nicholas. Lord Botetourt, when he was upon his death-bed^, in 1770y sent for R. C. Nicholas,, to be with him in his- last moments. Robert C Nicholas, was Treasurer of Virginia render the Colonial government, and during the early part of the Revolution, and resign^ed that office, fin order- to take a seat in the House of Burgesses. At the time of sending in his Resignation, he made- the remark : "I leaTe the office of Treasurer with clean hands :: certainlvy with enrpty o-iies." C. B. Tiernan has the original O'f tiie following offi- cial publication ; "Treasury Office, July 5, nTff, ''I have appointed Mr John Burwell, to sign cer- tain Bills of Virginia, dated July, 1775, in the room of Edmund Randolph, Esq., who had declined that busi- ness-. *'Rob-'t, C. Nicholas, "Treasurer."' During the Civil War, from 1861 to 1865, Mrs. Tiernan (then Miss Mary Spear Nicholas) was in the Treasury Department, in Richmond, employed in sign- ing the Treasury Notes of the Confederate Government, One of her brothers, George Nicholas, who was MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERISTAK. 327 Color Bearer of his Regim-ent, tiie I2th Virginia, and •who was the strongest mail in the Regiment, was in- stantly killed by a shell, at the second Battle of Manas- sas, August 29, 1862, Another brother. Spear Nicholas, Sergeant of Artillery, in the Otey Battery, C. 8. A., was morttilly nvounded in a Battle at Fayette Court House, West Virginia, September 21, 1862, and died ten days after- ward. The following is a Poem by her, which was pub- ilished in 7'ke BaUimorean, in October 1875 : iHis Last Charge To The '-Old Stoxewall Brigade."' The last words of the great Jackson were: "Let lis cross over the river, and i-est under the Sihade of the trees." ^'Bear me gently, boys, over the river, Let me quietly rest in the shade, For this parting shall not be forever, Of your leader, and his gallant brigade! "You have covered my name, boys, with glory ; And soon for me, will the conflict be o'er. But by the fields you have won, grand and gory^ You must follow your leader once more. "By your glorious campaign in the Valley, Y^ou've made immortal your valorous band : o2S MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERXAN"; And soldiers ! once more, you must rally, Obey once more, your leader's command. "In your night watches, painful and dreary, After marching and fasting all da^. You have pressed forward, way-worn and weary,. And have always been first in the fray. "In our dreadful war path, we've left lying,. Some comrades, like soldiers asleep : And to- day hath its wounded and dying, God pity the women who weep. "The shadows of death darken o'er me, And my strength is ebbing slowly away ; The last battle of life is before me. And the victory will be won before day ? "One dark river more, to cross over ; Another valley still to pass through : And then, boys, I will rest under cover, Of the bulwarks that remain for the true. "In this parting hour, still and solemn. The last order of your leader is made ; Soldiers, "Present I" an unbroken column, To our High Captain^ the Stonewall Brigade I "When our Master, his muster roll calleth. Let every warrior be at his post. MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERNAK. 329 And when one of my countrymen falleth, Heaven will gain, what our army hath lost. "I leave with a soldier's affection, The brigade that has followed me far ! To the great and the powerful protection, Of my Commander in peace and in war. "Bear me gently, then, over the river. Let me quietly rest in the shade, For this parting shall not be forever. Of your leader and his gallant Brigade." Charles Tiernan died January 12, 1886. He is buried in the Vault which had been built by his Father, which is now in Bonnie Brae — with his Father and Mother, and twenty-five members of his Family. This Vault is the largest single vault in the Ceme- tery — the triple Vault of the Jenkins Family being the only one that is larger. He left several Notes for his son. The following extracts show the character of them "My Dear Son: " * * * I would prefer not to have any obitu- ary Notices inserted in any of the papers, and I desire 330 MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERNAN. that all the funeral arrangements may be as plain and simple as possible. * * * "You will have a weighty and responsible duty to perform towards Mrs. Tiernan and your Sisters ; and I feel confident that your inclination and your duty will induce you to do all and everything that may lie in your power, for the comfort, convenience, and happiness of my wife and your Sisters. * * * "And now may Heaven's blessing attend you all. "Your Afffctionate Father, "Charles Tiernan." Mrs. Mary Spear Tiei-nan died in the night, be- tween January 12 and 13, 1891. She is buried in Greenmount Cemeterv. The following verses appeared shortly after her death : "In Memokiam. "Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan. "Nay, Azrael !* thou ghostly messenger, Angel of Death ; whose fateful icy breath Strikes down the strongest; why did'st come to her I Whose ripest womanhood bore noblest fruit, And we were robbed ere the world moved astir. "Nay, Azrael, thou camest with the dawn When the black night had burst its cerements, *Azrael means, in Hebrew, Help of God. He is the Angel who watches over the dying. MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERNAN. 331 And waked into a uew day, gray and wan ; Thou earnest with icy touch of death to her, So full of life and strength, and she is gone. "Azrael, Azrael ! could'st thou not have found Some weary of life's burden for thy prey ? Some broken spirit weary of its wound, That prayed for rest ! and spared the earnest life That shed fine influence on all around ! "Nay, turn thine eyes from me ! Thou sayest true Thou art God's messenger to his beloved ! Not only wrecks thac time and sorrow strew, But brave strong souls God needs at his right band I Heaven welcomed her, ere we could say, Adieu." A. E. L, "The Sun" of October 21, 1891, has the following; "Tributes To Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan". "Fragrant tributes to the memory of Mrs. Mary Spear Tiernan, the Baltimore novelist and essayist, were heaped in beautiful profusion on the mantels, tables and desks of the rooms of the Woman's Literary Club yesterday afternoon, the autumn flowers turning the tastefully decorated home of the club into a sweet smelling bovver. "The meeting was a memorial one, and the pro- gramme of the afternoon was devoted exclusively to the reading of fragments of Mrs. Tiernan's works, of memoirs and critiques, and of poems written in her memory by members of the club. 333 MRS. MARY SPEAR TIERKAN. "Mrs. Lawrence Turubull presided, and opened the meeting by an eloquent tribute to the talent and character of the Baltimore woman, in honor of whose memory the club had assembled. Miss Lydia Crane read an interesting memoir and critique, written by herself, and also two fragments from Mrs. Tiernan's works — the first a passage from the novel 'Homoselle,' which gave a delightful illustration of the author's keen wit and descriptive powers; the second, an essay on Southern life, which was sent to the club for the memorial meeting by Dr. Herbert B. Adams, of Johns Hopkins University. "The essay was one which Mrs. Tiernan had written for Dr. Adams and was incorporated by him in a lecture delivered at the Peabody Institute. "A tribute to the author's memory was read by Miss Milnor ; and Miss Cloud read several passages from 'Homoselle' and 'Jack Horner.' Original poems were read by Mrs. Charles Lord, M'ss Zacharias, Mrs. Easter and Mrs. John T. Graham, the first-mentioned stanzas having been penned on the day of Mrs. Tiernan's death. "Mrs. Tiernan died January 13, 189L Much of her early life was spent in Kichmond, and the fruit of this period is seen in the admirable pictures of Virginia life and the War times, in her novels. She was the widow of Charles Tiernan, a Baltimore mer- chant, who was once United States consul at Mexico. Mrs. Tiernan was a contributor to the Century and Scribner's Magazines, and to the old Southern Review, and her literary work was often the most interesting part of the programmes at the Eight O'Clock Club and the Woman's Literary Club. MRS. MARY SPKAR TIERN^AISi. 333 "She was one of the organizers and an active member of the latter. " 'Homoselle," 'Suzette' and 'Jack Horner' are among her most important works." Every year, since her death, on All Soul's Day, November 2d, the Ladies of the "Woman's Literary Club," have decorated her grave with flowers; at the same time that they have decorated the graves of their other deceased members, as well as those of John P. Kennedy, Edgar Allan Poe, Sydney Lanier, and all those men ynd women who are buried in Baltimore, who have endeavored to contribnte to the Literature of our Country. 334 • MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. Gay Robertson Bernard, born February 25, 1817, at her father's home, "Gay Mont," Caroline County, Virginia; was married to Charles Tiernan, December 20, 1836, and died in Baltimore, December 14, 1868. She was educated in Richmond. C. B. Tiernan has a niimber of Mementos of his Father's and Mother's School days. He has a number of Cards, upon which is in- scribed : "To their beloved Pupil, Master Charles TrER- NAJs, of Baltimore: "In Testimony of his successful exertions, in the "Class of rational arithmetic, during the year 1811. "This Card is affectionately inscribed, "by the President and Professors, "of St. Mary's College, Baltimore.'* Those of 1811 and 1812 for Writing and Algebra, and Geometry, are signed by William Dr Bourg.* President. Those of 1813, 1814, and 1815, for Writing, French, Mathematics, and Spanish, are signed by J. B. F. Paquiet, President. He has a Certificate of his Mother's, inscribed *He was the founder of St. Mary's College, and with Madame Seton, was the means of establishing the Order of "Sisters of Charity" in the United States. He was for some time Bishop of St. Louis, Missouri, and died Archbishop of Besancon, in France, in 1833. mrs. gay r. tikknan. 337 "Reward Of Merit, "Presented to Miss Gay Bernard, "For Ijer Attention, Studies, and Good Behavior in School, "by her Teacher, "Mrs. Broome. "20th July, 1830." Also a Silver Medal, with the word "Merit," and a Sprig of Laurel, npon one side, and upon the other side a Bee-Hive and Bees. Upon leaving school, her Father added to his honse, for her, a room, which is called the Drawing Koom, at Gay Mont. It is built in an Octagon shape, and was intended for a ninsic room, for the Harp, the Piano and the Gnitar ; and has a floor which was laid on the j^rinciples of a sounding board. This picture of it, is taken from an amatenr Photo- graph. She was a lady of fine appearance, and graceful and dignified manners. She had some talent for art — drew and painted in Water colors, quite well, and was an excellent performer on the Harp. C. B. Tiernan found the following, in the hand- Avritino: of H. V. Somerville: '43S MRS. GAY R, TIERNAN. "Bloomsbury, September 20, 1833. "The following lines, written in Virginia, in August last, are very respectfully inscribed to Miss Gay Ber- nard, who, in a most interesting conversation with the writer, remarked, thit "among men. Love, now-a-days, had degenerated into a mere selfish feeling of conveni- ence. ^'When Cupid was a little boy, All full of frolic, freak and joy. Before his naughty tricks began, Or man had learned his ways to scan, His mother, with a heart of glee, Took the young urchin on her kn^e, And then suffusing him with kisses, And musing on the thousand blisses. Which Love was doomed in time to show, Us silly mortals here below ; The goddess with celestial mien, That spoke at once the heavenly queen. Thus her darling son addressed. Who seemed most pleased when most caressed. My dear boy, said the blooming Venus, There is a ligament between us, Which I decree shall ne'er be broken. While love endures, or vows are spoken. I've formed thee bright as Phebus' ray, AVith heart both sensitive and gay. And now to you the power is given. To rule the world and reign in Heaven ! Descend to earth and tell the Fair, MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. d'M^ That trifles light as limpid air, Affect men's hearts with magic power, From monarch's liall to shepherd's bower." Her Father took her to Saratoga in tlie summer of I8;35. Among her friends at this period of her life, was Miss Angelica Singleton, of South Carolin:i, who after- wards married the son of Martin Van Burfu. As the President was a widower, slie was the Mis- tress of the White House, during his tei ui, from 1837 to 1841. Her portrait is now in the green room, which is used as a music room. One of her letters is : "Miss Gay Bernard, '•Saratoga Springs, "New York. "The Pavillion, Canada^ "August 14, 183-">. "Ma Chere Gay: "Mr. Richardson tells me that it is his intention to- quit us this evening, and short as is the notice, I can- not let liiui leave us without complying with my promise to acquaint you with our proceedings. "We crossed Niagara River just before dinner, and I am now wild with impatience to view the scene from Table Rock, ami in momentary expectation of being summoned to commence the pilgrimage. "Oh, Gay! it is not yet too late — persuade your Father to bring you here. Imagination cannot picture 3i0 MRS. GAY R. TIERISTAN. such a scene as you will here behold. Pen cannot describe it — indeed, it I think it requires another faculty more than falls to the lot of mortals to compre- hend it. Think what an effect it must have had upon me, when I tell you that I rose this morning at sunrise, that I might see it in every possible point of view — and amply was I rewarded for the effort. One phenom- enon which I witnessed, I never saw before, nor never expect to see again. We had ascended the Tower, by Terrapin bridge, to take a last look at the American view of the Crescent fall, when, lo! upon the face of the waters was thrown as perfect a ring as ever the hand of man formed, of the most vivid rainbow tints, dazzling to behold. The shadow of the Tower was the only interruption to the circle — and not once only, was it seen, but half a dozen times, as the spray was thrown over us. "I htive scarcely been dry half an hour since I have been at this place, and have explored every spot where it is practicable for the foot of man to intrude. I have run up and down the Biddle stair case until my feet ache at the bare idea ; and I expect Mr. Eich- ardson rues the hour when he was induced to join such a harum scarum party as ours. Poor fellow ! Be merci- ful to him. Gay. The youth is ten fathoms deep in love ; and can you guess, ma Belle, who 'tis keeps him uneasy. Ah, c'est la faute de vos beaux yeux, ma petite, coquette that you are, with such a pretty little innocent air, as the child assumes. "What has become of little Kickshaw, as my Lady (Cassandra) Nisbet calls little Nap. I thought his was a desperate case. As for De Leisseline, he talked so inces- santly of you, that Marion, at length, bet him that he TSIRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. Bil 'Could not refrain from mentioning your name for a day. So the poor child solaced himself, and avoided the pro- hibition, by hoping that he might meet with Gay com- pany on his return to Saratoga. I had a faint hope that we should meet Lady ISlisbet and yourself here, before our departure. I fear me, though, that my wish ■will not be realized. We leave day after to-morrow for Montreal, thence to Quebec, down Lakes Champlain and George, and the river Hudson to New York, when I hope we shall meSt. Pray, make arrangements to he at West Point on the night of the 28th of August. I still hope we shall be there. Next Sunday we hope to attend the Cathedral at Montreal, which I look forward to with anticipations of much pleasure. "Make De Leisseline describe Niagara for you-. He will do it more justice than I can possibly, in the few minutes they have allowed me to scribble to you. "Adieu, ma petite, they are preparing to go, and I have to change my dress, previous to penetrating behind the Fall. The spray drenches you equal to a shower bath. As I write, I am sensible of tlie tremulous motion of the house induced by the concussion of the Fall, and the windows shake in their frames as though there was a storm brewiiig. "Present my kindest remembrances to your Parents, and to any friends who may chance to be at Saratoga, •remember me affectio lately, and bid them come to Niagara, if they wish to have their wildest imaginings more than realized. Excuse this illegible scrawl. It will occupy a half hour in decyphering it. *'Ever thine, ma chere, "Angelique Singleton." 34:2 MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. She spent the winter of 1836 in Washington, in the house of her LTncle, Hon. John Robertson, who was a Member of Congress from Richmond, and she was ad- mired and received considerable attention, from many of the most distinguished people of that time. Hon. John P. King, U. S. Senator from Georgia,, was a very particiilar admirer of hers. 0. B. Tiernan has a seal which the Hon. John Forsyth, who was Secretary of State under Jackson and Van Buren, had caused to be made for her, which has the inscription, '■^Toujours Gay,^^ cut in it. The intimacy with the family of the Hon. William Wirt, has been hereinbefore referred to. The following is a letter from Miss Cathnrine Wirt, after wai'ds Mrs. Alexander Randall, of Annapolis : "Single, "Miss Gay Bernahd. "Port Royal, "Caroline County, Virginia. "Richmond, July 1, 1836. "Grey Castle, Fridav evening. "My Dear Gay : "I am sitting in the parlor, with my bonnet on, in readiness for a promenade, in a few minutes, into the country, to 'The Cottage'^as we call the residence of Miss Archer — our compagnon de promenade, is Mr. Mal- herbe, a French gentleman, with whom we became ac~ MRS. CxA.Y R. TIERNAJJ". 343 quaintetl in Florida, where he had purchased a Phinta- tion, near that of his friend, Colonel Murat.* *'He has been in town about a fortnight, and has spent every morning and evening of that time with us, except one rainy Sunday, which forms, I think, a suffi- cient apology for my not having been able to answer your kind letter sooner. "Mr, Malherbe is decidedly the most interesting Frenchman I have ever known ; he has none of the grimace, or petit niaitrei,vn to-day, first to visit their relations in the country, and then to make the Northern Tour. They do not propose returning and to go to housekeeping before October. "The gentleman with whom I found most pleasure in conversing that evening, was a Mr. Skipv/ith, a cousin, I believe, of dear, Eliza's, who is said to be a suitor of Parke Garter's. His eyes are very clear, searching and vivacious ; and he seems intellig^ent and pleasing. He said that he never had the pleasure of seeing his fair cousin, but hoped to do so ere long, though he full well knew that these cousins are dangerous tilings. "Virginia Tucker and Mr. Brooke are to be married the 23nd of next month. Miss Dandridge and Mr,. Hunter, a fortnight, afterwards. " '■Tout le monde se marie, il faut, Sc/ " Your Cousin Mary called to see Sister, not long ago, looking in perfect health. "We proposed visiting her to-day, but the rain, which has been falling- since last evening, will oblige us to defer it yet longer.'' 346 MRS. GAY R. TIERISTAK. The whole paper is taken up, and there is not even space enough left for the signature. General Winfield Scott and his wife, Mrs. Maria Majo Scott, were particular friends of her family, and they used frequently to stay at her Father's house. Mrs. Scott writes to her just before her Wedding : "To Miss Gay Robertson Bernard, "Gay Mokt, Virginia. "Favored by "Miss Colquhol'n. "ElcHMOND, Dec. 18, 1836. "At last, and most reluctantly, my Dear Gay, I yield to Fate, ai^d must announce to you that it is im- possible for me to join you at Gay Mont, on the 20th instant, thus relinquishing the hope of a delightful visit, and of a Merrier Christmas than has fallen to my lot in many a year. The cause of my disappointment is little Ella's* indisposition ; she having been under the care of a phy- sician for tive or six days past, and being yet, though convalescent, quite too delicate for me to leave her. "I cannot express to you how much I regret it- more especially when I ponder on your Mamma's mes- sage and arrangement for herself and Mrs. Thornton and w?/se?/, which I considered so enchanting! ; "Pray gis'-e my love to them both, and kindest compliments to Mr. Bernard. "Perhaps my letter half will be of your happy party, *Marcella Scott, afterwards Mrs. Charles Carroll Mactavish. MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. 347 as he has several times expressed a hope that it would be in his power to wait on you. If so, tell your Mamma and Caroline Thornton, to be very glad to see him, but not to put even liim exactly in my place. "In seriousness, my dear Gay, let me say that I j^ray with earnestness for your happiness, present aid future. "And shall ever be, "Your faithful friend, "Maria Mayo Scott." C. B. Tiernan has a Bible of his Mother, in which is written : — - "Gay Bernard, "From Her Aunt, "Sarah Lightfoot. " December 20, 1836." After her marriage, she came to Baltimore, where, as elsewhere, where she had been, her circle of friends, were some of the best and most refined people. Among these were Miss Emily Harper, Madame Bonaparte, Mrs. John Lee, Mrs. John Hanson Thomas^ Mrs. William George Read, Mrs. George Brown, (Isa- bella McLanahan). Mrs. George S. Brown told C. B. Tieruan that he was always one of the first persons that she thought of inviting, when she gave a party. Mrs. Tiernan's character was simple and truthful, and her husband said that, unlike himself, she was 348 MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. always a peacemaker, and was constantly making efforts to reconcile any differences among her friends. Mrs. John H. B, Latrobe, a lady who is first among her equals, "prima inter pares," among the elegant women of Baltimore Society, who has honored C. B, Tiernan with a friendship which he greatly values, has often spoken to him about his mother, who, she said, was a "rare woman," and that "she was one of the most de- lightful acquisitions to Baltimore society." She said there was a flaror of originality about Mrs. Tiernan, which was very noticeable, and that she was an inde- scribable difference, even in her manner of wearing ar- ticles of dress and ornaments, which was very attractive. Mrs. Latrobe always sought her company at enter- tainments. Miss Jane Carroll, of Duddington, told Miss Ida Brent, that she saw Mrs. G. R. Tiernan, shortly after her marriage, at a party ; and that she had never seen a greater combination of elegance and sweetness ; and that during the whole evening she could not keep her eyes from looking at her. This picture of her, is taken from a portrait by Miss Sarah Peale, painted in 1837, now behmging to C. B. Tiernan. Mrs Tiernan used to say that Miss Peale, Avhen painting it, was very particular to paint everything just as it really was, and that she could not paint an ornament or article of dress from imagination; but the MkS. CiAY 11. TlERNAN. MRS. CxAY R. TIERNAN. 351 article was re(|uired to be worn exactly in the manner in which it was to be painted. In the winter of 1837, there was a very handsome "Fancy Ball" given at the residence of Mrs Benja- min I. Cohen, on the southwest corner of Charles and Saratoga Streets, which was one of the notable social events that has taken place in Baltimore. This Fancy Ball was so successful, that it was re- peated, later in the winter, at the Assembly Rooms, on the corner of Holiday and Fayette streets. C. B. Tiernan found among his Father's papers, two printed descriptions of it, in which the names of the Ijadies and Gentlemen who had taken part in it, were printed in Italics; and had been filled out by Charles Tiernan in lead pencil. Mr. John H. B. Latrobe, who had taken a promi- nent part in this Ball, and had appeared in two charac- ters ; one, in the early part of the evening, and another in the latter part of it ; asked C. B. Tiernan to give them to h'm, as he said that he wished to use them in a work of his own Reminiscences, which he was preparing. Mr. Latrobe's distinguished talents, and his wide experience, eminently qualified him to have produced a Personal Memoir, which would have been second to no work of its kind, in interest ; and it is greatly to be re- gretted that he did not accomplish it. Miss Rachel E. Cohen, a daughter of Mr. Benjamin I. Cohen, wrote C. B. Tiernan a most kind Note, offer- ing to shov/ him one of the Invitations to the Ball, and a couple of the little books, which had been written about it; and also to give him some of the points of what she had heard in regard to it. 352" ' M"RS. GAY R. TIERNAiir. The Invitation is upon both sides of an enamelled;' card. On one side, is a wreath of flowers^ and. inside off t'he wreath :- ''Mrs. B. I. CoHEN''s "Fancy Dress Party, ^^Thursday, Feburary 2.nd« And on the other side: "The HoKOR of "Company is solicited,, at 8 P. M. 'January 22, 1837." Miss R. E. Cohen writes; "At their own Ball, my Parents received m fulE Ball costume, as that was the most dignified dress for the Host and Hostess. "At the Ball at the Assembly Eooms, my Mother- wore the gorgeous and correct costume of a Queen, and mv Father took the amusing character of a Wandering Fiddler, disguising himself by means of a false Nose, &C.,. to the mystery of his many friends, * * * '^ Mr. Cohen was a fine musician, and played upon' his own violin, sometimes with the orchestra, and after they had finished a piece, he would play alone, which- he did so beautifully, that the crowd gathered around him, not knowing who he was, and it was only when be- took oft' his false nose, that he was recognized^ MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. 353 The writer ventures to give the names of u vei'y few of the severul hundred guests; among whom were officers of tlie Army and Navy and distinguished strangers. Miss Emma Meredith, a beantiful Fairy, dress of silver and white. Mrs. Caton, a splendid dress of black- velvet. Mrs. Patterson-Bonaparte, Queen Caroline, magnificent and costly jewels. Mrs. J. IT. B. Latrobe, Highland Lady. Mrs. Robert Gilmor, splendid Ball dress. Mrs. Robert Gilmor, Jr., Medora. Miss Matilda Cohen, from Wales, Peasant girl from Wales, speaking Welsh perfectly (she was a sister of Mrs. David Cohen). Miss Frick, Novice. Mrs. Charles Tiernan, Turkish Lady, very beantiful dress of silver and white. Miss Eliza Skipwith (afterwards Mrs. Basil B. Gordon), Bernese peasant girl, to whom Mr. Robert Campbell, of Sonth Carolina, as Conrad the Corsair, was making himself agreeable. Miss Annie Campbell Gordon, Anne Page, (afterwards Mrs. John Hanson Thomas). Miss Colgate Nisbet, Gipsy Queen. Miss Elizabeth Hall, Anne Page, (afterwards Mrs. Horatio L.Whitridge.) Miss Shubrick, Countess of Chateau nenf. Mr. Louis Smith, Touchstone. Dr. Thomas H. Buckler, Andrey. She carried a bng on her arm, and the guests put in it any thing that came to hand. A gentleman, at supper, put a spoon full of ice cream in it, saying, "Mrs. Cohen, do you think it will keep?" Late in the evening, Mr. John S. Skinner f^aid to Mr. John H. B. Latrobe, as Audrey passed by, '"Of course she is a woman, and an impudent jade she is, too." Miss Ellen Travers, Night. Mr. William Henry Hoffman, a Turtle, afterwards a Turk. (Dr. Buckler said to Miss Travers, who was very handsome, and afterwards married Mr. Hoffman, 354 MRS. GAY R. TIERNAI5'. "Are you not afraid that Turtle will crawl ou you ?") Mrs. Somerville, Highland Lady. Mrs. Samuel Hoff- man, Turkish dress, very handsome. Miss Martha Gray, Gipsy. Mr. William Donnell. Italian Noble. Mr. William Tiffany, Bhick Friar. Mr. John P. Kennedy, Neopoli- tan Fisherman. Mr. William Meredith, Indian Chief. Mr. Pierce Butler, of South Carolina, (he married Miss Fanny Kemble), Figaro, from Kossini's opera, "The Barber of Seville." He was niiite a friend of Mr. Tier- nan. Mr. Charles Tiernan, Pelham, from Bulwer's Novel, which had shortly before appeared. Mr. McHenry, Ancient costume. Mr. William Frick, Captain of the Water Witch. Mr. Patterson, Shepherd Boy. Mr. S. wings Hoffman, in Court Dress. The following is a 'etter from Miss Catherine Wirt, in answer to one from Mrs. C. Tiernan, in which this Ball, had been described. This letter, like many others here given, was writ- ten before the introduction of steel pens and envelopes and postage stamps. It covers nearly all the paper, and even the sides ; leaving only the space of the front and back, for the address and seal, unwritten on. "Mrs. Gay Bernard Tiernan, "Lexington Street, "Baltimore, "Grey Castle, Richmond, ■ - "February 13, 1837. "My Dear Gay: "Your charming, racy, and descfiptive letter, was received last Monday, and I would fain return MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. 855 to you, some portion of the eager delight, which its perusal gave me ; but where are the materials to come from? When will Richmond arouse from her mono- tony, sufficiently to furnish forth such a scene of min- gled magnificence and amusement, as that which you so graphically portray in your 'Fancy Ball T "It is vain to hope it, but at least, let me express to you, my sweet Friend, the admiration which your playfully graceful letters excite in me, and the affection which your artless expressions of attachment for me, and the development of character which they open to me, have warmed into a glow in my heart. '•Each succeeding letter makes me admire and love you more and more, and I prize your corresjiondence as among the promoters of my most vivid gratification and happiness. "I can't tell you how often I have read and re-read your last delightful letter, not only to all the members of my own family, but also to some of our casual even- ing visitors, all of whom united iii eulogizing it, to my heart's content, and I have also extracted largely from it, for the amusement of my friends in the far-off wilds of Florida, so you see it has done good service. It is the unstudied ease of your style which })eculiarly pleases me. Your putting down with such elegant neglige, 'tout ce qui se trouve, au bout de la plume,' as Madame de Sevigne so happily expresses it. "Write ever thus^and you can never cease to charm. Your It'iter has infected me with somewhat of your own buoyant and happy spirit; the whole world seems to you tinted co?f/cMr de rose, everybody beautiful, every- thing delightful, long may it be so, my dear and lovely friend. 356 MRS. GAY E. TIER]SrA]he handwriting of his Father, the following verses by his Mother. It is hoped that filial feeling is a sufficient excuse for producing them here : MRS. GAY R. TIERNAN. 371 "A Mes Enfants, Tous les Quatre. "Anna, thorn rose of the May, Humming bird gracefully gay, Tasting of many flowerets a day. Little epitome of contradictions, Fiery, yet meek and prone to fairy fictions, Wilfully, gently shy. Aside Poring over the pictured page, My violet eyed. "Charley, youthful sage and scribe, Preacher named in playful gibe. Principles, would scorn the bribe. Eyes which suffuse with feeling, gray. Not prone to Spartan brevity. But speak eth right grandiloquently. Oft musingly he holds his way. He seeketh not the boisterous fray. My noble boy, and only one. "And now in leash of love they come. My singing birds, the elder one. Gay, of orient full dark eye 'Omnibus ;' heartily, cheerily gay. Little, beloved scape grace, say Thou sprite of merry mischief, Wilt thou be quiet, pray ! Thou art lovely as the day. "Laura, 'tandem felix,' Lark, Too timid even to love the dark. 373 MRS. GAY R. TIERNAlvr. Her chief est dread, the painted mask. She plyeth well her lighter task. Twisting her slips and cutting papers, Bearing her colored paper babies, Singing, laughing, catting capers. My sylphide Saint Cecilia girl. "March, 1851." John Hipkins Bernard. JOHN H. BERNARD. -^75 John Hipkins Bernard was the son of Willuim Bernard 2d, and Fanny Hipkins, his first wife. He was born on Jannary 10, 1790; Married Jane Gay Robertson, May 16, 1815; Died April 4, 1858. His picture here is taken from a portrait of him by Jar vis, and that of his wife, Mrs. Jane Gray Bernard, from a jiortrait of her by Vanderlyn, which were specially bequeathed by him to his daughter, Mrs. G. R. Tiernan, and which are now in the possession of C. B. Tiernan. Another portrait of Mrs. Bernard, by Thomas Sully, after the one by Vanderlyn, was loaned by C. B. Tiernan to the Maryland Society of the Colonial Dames, and was pronounced by Mrs. Jane Howard King, to be '' the srem of their collection." J. H. Bernard was educated at Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's Co., Maryland, and it is probable that his warm friendship with the Somerville family, which was of long standing, began at this time. Henry Vernon Somerville writes to his wife : '•Mrs. H. V. Somerville, "Baltimore, "(Steamboat, l-2c.) ''Gay Mont, near "Port Royal, Dec. 2, 1833 "My Dear Wife : "I met with my friend Bernard on the steamJjoat just before we reached Leeds, and he positively forbade the Captain's landing, unless we would consent to ■visit him, and so the parson (Wm. Tiernan) and myself 376 JOHN H. BERNARD. came over to spend a couple of days, and to my sur- prise, found a company of fifty odd persons from this neighborhood and Fredericksburg, invited to meet us. "We dine to-morrow at Hazel wood, the beautiful residence of the late Col. John Taylor of Caroline, the author of 'Arator.' "Indeed, we have invitations for a week to come, but have declined all except this, and I shall return to Pope's Creek the day after to-morrow. "I have found everthing in better condition than I expected — the crop of corn larger than I calculated on, and the crop of wheat of 300 bushels seeding put in well and looking flourishingly, and promising the best crop of wheat I liave ever grown here. "I want to mature the necessary arrangements for putting in fifty acres of tobacco, and shall then return. If I succeed in this crop it will add greatly to my revenue from Pope's Creek. "I gave Smardon orders to sell the hogs so soon as they were fat enough, and you must give Mrs. McShenny instructions about the hams — do not allow her to put more than a small teaspoonful of salt to a ham — for I think our hams have heretofore been injured and rendered hard by too much saltpeter. "I iiave prepared this letter for the Steamboat in the morning, and if the rain ceases I will have some partridges to send to you and Catherine, as I have never seen so many as in this neighborhood. "Bernard killed thirty odd the day we arrived, on Saturday last, but it is now raining, and I fear we shall not be able to go out. "I have seldom seen a more delightful family than JOHN" H. BERNARD. 377 this — amiable, hospitable, and Mrs. Bernard a most polished woman. " I have some notion of sending twenty hogs after being butchered, up on the schooner, as I have a noble killing of seventy odd. If I do, I will write directions when the schooner is ready, which will probably be in three or four days. " Are you getting hearty and fat, and how is my poor little Button (their son Robert, born November 6, 1833) — has he got a good nurse, and does he look any better, I have my fears about him. " The first opportunity out, write to Mr. Smardon whenever the weather is too zvei to plough, to send Mr. Davidge the wood, as I ordered, and be particular in getting returns of good loads of shells. If too wet to plough say to him that he might send all the teams in. I want 25 cords delivered to Mr. D,, who pays $4 a cord, for it. I left an order to this effect, but it will be well to repeat it. "We are well, and I shall be quite disappointed and vexed if you are not in good flesh when I return — get fat and it will prevent your getting fatter, at least so the doctors say. "Love to all. Tell mother the parson is most correct in his deportment in every respect, and does honor to his family. " Yours truly, " H. V. S. "The ladies beg particularly to be presented to you, and the girls say you must be the happiest woman in the world to have such a husband as I am. I suppose the opinion has some reference to my * * * " The rest of this letter is torn away. 378 JOH]e Circuit Court in Richmond-. Powhatan Robertson visited his relatives in Scotland- about 1818, and brought to his brother John, a silver Ibowl,- with the family coat of arms engraved upon it. EOBERTSOK. '^m Tlis "brother, after thanking him for it, had the Coat of •arms removed, and the American Eagle snbstituted, saying that it was the only coat of arms to which, as an American citizen, he was entitlewhatan''a- worth < Could find few equals here, T-hat he must break the ties of earth* Togain his native sphere," In Congress, Judge Robertson's abilities were highfjR" esteemed. He was called a stickler for the Constitutioo,- At the funeral of a fellow member of Congress he re- fused to receive a pair of black gloves from the Ser- geant-at arms, saying that he procured his own gloves. An illustrative story was invent&d upon him, by his- witty friend, Hon. Waddy Thompson, of South Carolina,- that beiug- in Washington, and thought about to die, he- Begged as a last request, not to be buried at the public^ expense, as he did not think that, under the Constitu- tion, there was any right for such an appropriation- Some one said of him, that if at the last day the- Almighty should assign a mortal to judge his fellow- beings he did not think that any one would do it more- conscientiously than Judge Robertson. In the Fall of 1860 he was appointed by the Vir- ginia Convention on a mission to the seceded states,- to urge them to^ abstain from any aggressive measures ;. and he was afterwards sent to Washington, in April, 1861, He writes : "All the eiforts of Virginia to save the- Union proved iinavailiug. SJie loas unable to appease- the war-dog's of the Peace Congress. "The reduction and destruction of Fort Sumter,. ROBERTSON. 393 were effected by Ceii. Bean regard on April 13, 1861. On the 15th, appeared President Lincoln's proclamation, and on the 17th of April, 1861, in the face of an im- pending invasion, Virginia withdrew from the Union. "The ordinance of secession was immediately fol- lowed by a resolution of the Convention, inviting all citizens of Virginia, holding apjwintmeuts in the naval or military service of the Federal Government, to return home, offering them equal rank and pay with that which they then enjoyed. "Governor Letcher applied to me, to be the bearer of these resolutions; and I consented, on condition that I might first make a personal appeal to General Scott. I left for Washington next morning. "I stopped in Alexandria, and entered into immedi- ate conversation with General Lee, through the kind agency of his friend, Mr. Daingerfield, which resulted in the gratifying intelligence, that General Lee had sent in, or was about to send in, his resignation. (Gen. R. E. Lee's resignation was sent in, on April 20, 1861). "The fact that General Lee's resignation and that of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston preceded any intimation of the Resolution of the Virginia Convention was so honorable a pi'oof of the disinterestedness of them, that I ever took pleasure in reporting it. "TJje next morning, Sunday, April 21, accom- panied by my son- in-law, Robert Barksdale, I went over to Washington, to call on General Scott and General Joseph E. Johnston. We were faintly challenged at each end of the Bridge, but not detained. * * * * "Mr. Barksdale said to me, 'there comes General Scott.' He was on the opposite side of the street, hobbling towards us. I crossed over to meet him. 394 KOBERTSON. ^Ah,' said he, 'Judge, I am glad to meet you.' I told him that I had come to the city especially to see him. He said: 'I have been eugaged all day at the War Office, and am much fatigued.' 'I will detain you but a very few minutes.' 'Walk in here, sir.' We had reached his door. "When seated, he said that he had sworn to support the Federal Constitution, and was bound to defend the Stars and Stripes. We briefly discussed the question of lyriniary allegiance. "I saw, however, that his purpose was definitely fixed, and I knew him too well, to think that he could be induced to change it. "I expressed my regret that he had adopted a course which might compel him to raise his sword against his country. " 'You do not su2:)pose,' said he, 'that I intend to invade Virginia?' " 'You intend,' I understand, 'to take possession of Harper's Ferry and Old Point Comfort.' " 'I must have Harper's Ferry. I must have Fortress Monroe. " * * * "I returned to Alexandria. I despatched a note to General Lee, urging him to accompany me, on my return to Eichmond. He met me the next morning, but seemed much disinclined to go with me. "The rare modesty of his nature hesitated at the thought that such a step might be regarded as a solici tation for office. I assured him that the Convention, the Governor and Legislature, indeed, our whole people of Virginia would expect him, and receive him with open arms. ROBTIRTSON. 395 "He jfinally yielded his objection. It is needless ta say that my assurance, was fully redeemed by the uni- versal cordiality which greeted him, on our way; and especially on his reception by the Convention, of which Mr. (Alexander H.) Stephens has given an interesting account in his admirable colloquies. "One of the most pleasing recollections of a long journey through life, is the part devolved on me, of conducting this great captain, this unassuming and incorruptible patriot, this true and faithful Virginian, to the arms of a noble, fond and grateful mother. "J. E." During the War, from 1861 to 1865, his large house on Main Street, Eichmond, became the Eobertson Hospital. Among the numbers who received attention there, was John Eogers Thomas, son of Governor Philip Francis Thomas of Maryland. He died at his home. Mount Athos, in Campbell County, near the Peaks of Otter, July 5, 1873. Wyndham Eobertson, born in 1803, married Mary Smith, and has left descendants. He was educated at William and Mary College. He was selected as the orator upon the occasion of the civic display in Eichmond, in honor of the French Eevolution of July, 1830. He was elected a Councillor of State in 1830 and again in 1833. He was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in March, 1836, and on the same day, upon the resignation of Governor Littleton W. Tazewell, he 396 ROBERTSON. became Governor, and served until the end of the term. He was a member of the Legislature for Rich- mond from 1838 until 1841, when he removed to his country place, "The Meadows," near Abingdon, on account of his health. He returned to Richmond in 1858, and was imme- diately elected to the Legislature. He was an active opponent of disunion and secession, but after the secession of Virginia, he followed the course of his State, and voted for all its war measures. He was a member of the Peace Convention in Phil- adelphia, in 1866. He died in 1888, and is buried at Cobbs, where a large stone has been erected, by his direction, as a monument to himself, and to a considerable number of the members of his family who are buried there. Anne, married Dr. Henry Skipwith in 1813. She died, leaving two children, Eliza Boiling, and Henry Skipwith, Jr. Eliza B., was adopted by her Aunt, Mrs. John H. Bernard; and Henry, by his Uncle, Judge Robertson. Henry Skipwith, Jr., entered the United States Navy. On one occasion, he passed through Washing- ton, when he was on his way to join his Ship, and was dining with a number of friends, at Gadsby's Hotel, which was at the foot of Capitol Hill. At this time, arrests for debt were very usual, and a Sheriff came with a bill againt Lieutenant Skipwith, while he was in the midst of the entertainment. He looked out of the window, and perceived that Congress had just adjourned, and saw hisL^ncle with some other members EOBERTSON". 397 coming down the hill. Telling the Sheriff not to be seen near him, he went to his Uncle, and explained the situation. "Well, Henry." "I know that I have done wrong. Uncle Jack ; but won't you be so kind as to set- tle with this man now, and let me rejoin my friends, and give me the sermon afterwards." Eliza Boiling Skip with, born 1815, was married in 1838, at Gay Mont, to Bazil Brown Gordon, eldest son of Bazil Gordon, of Falmouth, Virginia. He died in 1845 ; and she died in June, 1900. Basil Fitzhugh Gordon, their eldest soii, died unmarried in 1866, aged 25 years. Their other son, Henry Skipwith Gordon, married Mary Wheeler. Their only grandchild, Henry Skipwith Gordon, Jr., married, July, 1897, Margaret, daughter of Wil- liam E. Stewart, of Easton, Md. Jane Gay, hereinbefore mentioned. See history of Bristol Parish^ by Eev. Philip Slaughter, D. D., page 222, where they are spoken of as "this worthy and distinguished family," Pocahontas and her descendants. Dictionary of American Biog- raphy, Vol. v., page 280. Harper's Magazine, April, 1885, page 721. Hon. R. S. Bobertson, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, Fort Wayne, wrote C. B. Tiernan that he is preparing a history of this family. 398 BOLLII^G. Elizabeth Boiling (born 1760, died 1830), who> married William Eobertson, was the daughter of Thomas Boiling and Elizabeth Gay, his wife. Her picture here is taken from a Profile, in gold leaf, which was taken in 1800, and given to Mrs. G. E> Tiernan in 1844, by her Mother, Mrs. Jane G. Bernard. It is now in the possession of C. B. Tiernan. He aent one of these pictures to Mrs. Bazil B, Gordon, formerly Miss Eliza Boiling Skipwith, and received the follawing acknowledgment of it : "^527 North Charles St.,, "Thursday, July 14, 1898.. "Thank you,. dear Charlie, for the Photo, of my beautiful and dearly loved Grandmother. *' I dearly loved her, and she loved me. I lived with her until her death — all my life; She took me- when my young Mother died. "I went from her to Aunt Bernard at Gay Mont. "I was about fifteen when she died, and now, today^ when you send me this, I am in my eighty-fourth year. "■ Your affectix)nate old cousin, " K B. S. Gordon." The genealogy of the Boiling family is tolerably well known in Virginia. 0. B. Tiernan has the Manu- script, dated 1803, of a book on the "Bolling Family,'' a copy of which is in the Maryland Historical Society's Library. It was written in French, by Eobert Boiling, of Chellowe, Buckingham County, Va., and translated by John Kobertson (afterwards Judge), and has Notes Mrs. Elizabeth Bolling Robertsok. BOLLING. 401 which are in the handwriting of John Randolph, of Roanoke. Mr. Randolph says of the author: "Robert Boiling was born at Varina, Henrico County, in 1738, and died in the flower of his age, shortly before the Revolution. He left two volumes of poetry ; and wrote equally well in Latin, French and Italian. An Italian piece, by him, was published in the second volume of the Colum- bian Magazine, which was in the possession of his executor, Col. Theodorick Bland, of Oawsons." C. B. Tiernan has also some writings of Judge Robertson called "Opuscula," that is, Little Works. They are written somewhat in the Biblical manner. It is hoped that a few extracts from these wiil be acceptable. "A voice came, saying 'I would have thee record the genealogy of the posterity of Pocahontas; not their names only, as in the first chapter of the Hebrew Chronicles, or in the first chapter of St. Matthew ; but their acts and customs, as those of the posterity of Jesse, the father of David, are told by the Prophet Samuel." Pocahontas was born in 1595, married John Rolfe, in 1614, and died at Gravesend, England, in 1617, leaving one child, Thomas Rolfe. In 1893, C. B. Tiernan visited St. George's Church, Gravesend, in the chancel of which Pocahontas is buried; and saw the tablet to her memory in the Church, and the entry of her death and burial in the Vestry Register ; and received great kindness and attention from Rev. John Haslam, the Rector. John Rolfe married a second time, and has left 402 BOLLING. descendants who are settled at Heacham Hall, Norfolk Connty, England ; and there is a portrait of Pocahontas, by De Passe, which was painted in 1616, now in this house. Their son, Thomas Rolfe, born 1615, married an English lady. Miss Poyars. They had an only child, Jane Eolfe. Jane Eolfe married Col. Kobert Boiling, and died, leaving one son, John Boiling (1st). "Col. Robert Boiling married, second, Anne Stith. They had many children, who are called the Boilings of Petersburg, which town for the most part belonged to them. "John Boiling (1st,) (1676-1729), lived at Cobbs, in Chesterfield County, on the Appomattox River, near the point where it mixes with the James River, called City Point, though City it never was. "But all the people wished to build Petersbarg there, where great ships could unload, instead of at the spot where it now stands, on the Appomattox, too high up for any but small craft. "And they petitioned the owner of City Point, Col. Richard Eppes, for his consent, but he refused it, saying : " 'Should a City be built at City Point, I shall never be able to raise a turkey or a chicken.' Thus did the fool lay open his folly. "John Boiling (1st,) devoted himself to commerce, and received the profits of a large trade with the BOLLING. 40S English and with the natives. He lived at Cobbs, and was fond of gay company, and given to hospitality. "He visited England in his youth, and was enter- tained by some of his relatives in Yorkshire. They were surprised that he could speak good English, being born in Virginia, and he was surprised that they could not, though born in England. "At a feast given to him, a lady, much astonished, exclaimed, 'Heavens! only hear this gentleman; he speaks English as well as we do.' 'Yes, indeed, madam,' he replied, 'and some hundreds of times better, or I should be very sorry for it.' "He married Mary Kenuon, by whom he had one son, John Boiling (2d,) and five daughters. "They have all been blessed with that fruitfulness formerly so desirable, which renders a family numerous but poor. " Jane, the eldest daughter, married Richard Randolph, of Curies.''* John Randolph, born 1773, died 1833, was a cousin of Mrs. Gay R. Tiernan, and was very fond of her when she was young ; and she was thought greatly to resemble him in many ways. C. B, Tiernan found in a family scrap book, the following extract from a letter written by James K. Paulding, in 1817. It was re-published in the ISTew York 'Home Journal," July 21, 1860. *"My Father's Mother." Note by John Randolph, of Roanoke." 404 BOLLING. The Editor of the Home Journal kindly furnished the latter part of the letter, which had been lost. It says : "Among the descendants of Pocahontas, the most remarkable are John Eandolph and Boiling Robertson, each exhibiting in complexion and physiognomy indu- bitable traces of the common stock. The eyes of both are perfectly Indian — black, shining, and occasionally fierce. Indeed, I have never met with a man having a cross of the aboriginal that did not show it like a blooded horse. The marks seem indelible, both in body and mind. "In my visit to Washington, four winters ago, it was my fortune to lodge in the same hotel with Mr. Randolph, and to be favored with his acquaintance, I might almost say his friendship, which, notwith- standing his wayward disposition, is, I am told, gen- erally steadfast and sincere. "He is certainly the most extraordinary personage I have known, and, on the whole, the greatest orator I have heard. There is wit in everything he says, and eloquence at the very end of his long fingers. He is the last man in the world into whose hands I should wish io fall in a debate, for he cuts like a two-edged sword, and makes war like his Indian ancestors, sparing neither sex nor age. Yet his kindness is irresistible, and when he wishes to evince it, the tones of his voice and the expression of his eye, go equally to the heart. "Plis style of oratory in Congress is emphatically his own. He is, indeed, original and unique in every- thing. His language is simple, though polished; brief, though rich, and as direct as the arrow from the Indian ■feOLLIXG. 405 ^bou'. He often, apparently, flies from his subject, but, however he may seem to drift without rudder or com- pass, he never fails to return to it with a bound, illus- tratine: it with flashes of livino' Ijorht. Though eccentric in the ordinary intercourse of life, there will be found more of what is called plain common-sense in his speeches than in those of any other member of •Congress. "His illustrations are almost always drawn from the most familiar sources, and no man is so happy in •allusions to fables, proverbs, and incidents of the day. He never declaims, nor sacrifices strength, clearness, and simplicity to the more popular charms of redun- dant metaphor and full-rounded periods. He is abrupt, sententious, and laconic. Nothing, indeed, is more easy of comprehension than the expressed ideas of the great orator of Old Virginia. Though exceedingly irritable in debate, he is never loud or boisterous, but utters biting sarcasms in a manner the most provokingly cool, a.nd in a voice that suggests the music of the spheres. "Su'Ch is the admirable clearness and perfection of his enunciation, that his lowest tones circulate like echoes through the halls of Congress. In short, in all the requisites of a great ofator, he has no superior, and, in the greatest of all, the power of attracting, charm- ing, riveting the attention of an audience, no equal in this country. "Mr. Bandolph has shared the fortune of most political leaders, in having his conduct misrepresented, his foibles — which, heaven knows, are sufficiently for- midable, exaggerated — and his peculiarities caricatured^ without remorse. The fault is, in a great measure, his own. He spares no adversary, and has no right to fDF' BOLLTISTG. expect quartier from others. In this respect His Tate- may serve as a beacon; indicating the necessity of toler- ation in politics as well as religion, Tiiat he is capri- eious, and careless of wounding those for whom he has- no particular regard, no one will deny. That he is impatient in argument and intolei-ant of opposition, is.- equally certain ; and the whole world knows, that he is little solicitou-i to disguise his contempt or dislike- But much of this peevishness may find its origin and excuse in his physical sufferings. Almost from boy- hood he has not known the blessing of health, nor enjoyed even its anticipation. His constitution is- irretrievably broken ; and,- although he may live many years, they will, in all probability ,.be years of anxiety and suffering, embittered not only by the absence of hope,, ■-but by the ridicule, instead of the sympathy, of the- "World, which is ever to apt to suppose that a man can- not be sick without dying. "In this painful and trying candition was Mr: Randolph when I saw him, and it is but fair to urge- that some apology at least for his indifference to the- feelings of others, might be found in the harassing nature of his own. "I here speak of him as the world generally does. But so far as I saw him, and this was at all hours, he was full of benignity. His treatment of his servants,. and especially of his own slaves, was that of the most indulgent master, and he always called his personal attendant 'Johnny,^ which diminutive, to my mind, strongly indicated an habitual good-will toward them. It is thus we designate our familiar friends, and the children of our love. To me, from whose admiration or applause he could anticipate neither honor nor TJOLLIN&. '4(^ :^acl vantage, his bshavior was uniformly kind, almost •affectionate, and it will be long before I forget his -melancholy, yet conciliatory smile, the music of his voice, or the magic of his gentle manners. "We passed our evenings together for some weeks, •or rather I may say the better part of our nights, for he loved to sit np late, because, a« he was wont to say, the grave^ not the bed, was Jiis plac€ of rest. On ■these occasions there was a charm in his conversiition I never found in that of any other person. Old Vir- ■ginia was the goddess of his idolatry, and of her he •delighted to talk. The glories and triumphs of Patrick Henry's eloquence, and the ancieiit hospitality •of the Patricians on James Eiver, were among his favorite topics, of which he never tired, and with which he never tired me. "In short, the impression on my mind, never to be ■eradicaterson who can tell who his grandfather was, is considered to be in the safe line of descent and respectability. Those in your condition stand on im- pregnable ground. ^'"With best regards to Phil, "I remain your affectionate uncle, « A. IT. H. Berxard." William Bernard, (1st,) was born September G, 1730. *The family Bible says : "John Bernard, born Tuesday, October, 20, 1701, died 1782," 4'22" BEENTARB; He was the son of Richard Bernard and ElizahetB^ Hart, probably the daughter of Kdwai'd Hart^ one of;" the justices for. Stafford County.. '•William Bernard,. (1st,) married, first, November- 's, ]750, Winifred Thornton, only daughter of Anthony Thornton, and Winifred, his wife, daughter of CoL ^eter Presley born September 23, 172.9, died Septem- ber 29, 1765. "Issuey.Erchard Bernard, born September 10, 1753;. died January 22, 1785 ; who was the ancestor of the late Judge David Meade Bernard, George S, Bernard,, of Petersburg, and others. Richard Bernard was the executor of his fathers- William Bernard's, (1st,) will, which was dated March 12^ 1782, and proved in King George County, May 1, 1783.. "Richard Bernard was Captain in the Fifth Vir- ginia Regiment, from May 9, 1776, to '' Ileitman's Register of Officers of the Continental Army, page 84. "Henry Ashtou serveil as Ensign in Gaptain Ber- nard's Company, 5th Virginia Regiment, May 12,. 1776." Hayden's Virginia. Genealogies, p. 633. Eichard Bernard was afterwards Clerk of West- aioreland County Court, until his death.. William Bernard, (1st,) married, second, in 1767^ Sarah Savin, or Sevigne, as it is written in some old papers, of Maryland, BERNARD. 42'3 "Willium mid .Alary Quarterly, vol. V, No. 3, p. 18-2. Issue of this marriage, William Bernard, (2dU There were other children, hut they died young. William Bernard. (1st,) resideil in Washington • Parish, Westmoreland County. He was a member of the Committee of Westmore- •LAND County, Virginia, During the Eevolution. "The first Continental Congress convened in Phila- 'delphia, October 20, 177i. Among their other proceedings, a Preamble and EesolutioHS were passed for an "Association of the 'Colonies," which were signed by all the members of ■Congress. The eleventh section of this Association ordered ■that: "A Committee be chosen in every County, City and Town, by those who are qualified to vote for representa- tives in the Legislature; whose business it shall be, at- tentively to observe the conduct of all persons touching this Association ; and when it shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of a majority of any such Committee, that any person within the limits of their appointment has violated this Association, that such majority do forthwith cause the truth of the case to be published in the Gazette-, to the end that all such foes to the rights of British Americans may be publicly known and universally hated as the enemies of American liberty. "This Association to be binding, until the repeal 'P3£ ' B^EEISTARD;- of the acts of Parliament^ and portions of sncli acts, ae- are declared inimical to the rights and liberties of S^orth America." Under this recommendation of the Continental; Congress, the qnalified voters of each County in Vir^ ginia elected a Committee for the County. The Committee o^f Westmoreland County was^ elected January SI, 1775, and was- very respeetaWe, and: one of the largest in the State, l^ichard Henry Lee ; John Augustine Washington, a younger brother of~ George Washington ; William Bernard,, and thirty-two* othersi, being its members. See an interesting article on the "County Com- mittees of 1774, 1775," by Charles Wasiiington Cole- man, in the William and Mary Quarterly, for October., 1896. continued in the Number for April, 1897.. Kichard Bernard was born about 1705, marriecS Elizabeth Hart, 1729. Issue, (William Bernard, (1st.) By Deed of gift, dated January 23, 1747, and duly? recorded,, Eichard Bernard conveys to his sou, William Bernard,- a tract of land situated in Washington parish,. Westmoreland County, being the same land that was granted to Mrs. Amia Bernard by two patents; one, fop one thousand acres, April d, 1651, and the other, art inclusive patent, for fifteen hundred acres, September^ 6, 1654. BERNARD. 435 By a subsequent Deed of gift, dated October 13, 1757, duly recorded, Richard Bernard and Elizabeth, his wife, convey to their son, William Bernard, Attor- uey-at-Law, of Washington parish, Westmoreland County, a tract of two hundred and twenty-nine acres of land. Richard Bernard is described in these deeds as a resident of St. Paul's parish, Stafford County. In Bishop Meade's work, " Old Churches and Families of Virginia," vol. ii, page 1G3, there is a list of the Vestrymen of St. Paul's parish, from 1720, in which Richard Bernard's name is the first in the list Richard Bernard was the son of John Bernard. John Bernard was born 1G61, died 1709. John Bernard was the son of Richard Bernard, (3d). In the land office, at Richmond, Virginia, vol. vii, page 231, is a patent dated April 2, 1683, for two hun- dred and eighty acres, in New Kent County, on the south side of York river, to John Bernard, " son and heir " of Richard Bernard. Richard Bernard, (2d,) was born ^in 1636, died in 1691. He was a vestryman of Petsworth parish, Gloucester County, in 1677. By power of Attorney, dated May 16, 1689, recorded in Westmoreland County, Richard Bernard, of Petsoe parish, Gloucester County, constitutes William Buck- 426 BERNARD. 11(31", of Stafford County, liis attorney, to recover lands in Westmoreland County, on the east side of upper Macho- dick river, which belonged to the said Eichard Bernard, by virtue of a patent for one thousand acres, granted to Mrs. Anna Bernard, and by her granted to the said Richard Bernard. There is a case in Barradall's manuscript Reports, which shows that the one thousand acres patented by Mrs. Anna Bernard, in 1651, and increased by five hundred acres additional in 1654, descended to her son, Richard Bernard, who died in 1691 ; he devised the land to his two sons, Philip and John. John Bernard had the Avhole by survivorship, and died in 1709, devising the land to his sou Richard Bernard. The decree was entered in 1738. The "Lawyer's Reference Manual," page 61, says : "The advertisement to the second edition of Wythe's Reports, states that the publisher hopes ere long, to lay in type before the public, Barradall's Reports. "A hope which seems to have remained unfulfilled." Thomas Jefferson, in a little volume jniblished by his Executors in 1829, called "Jefferson's Reports," (in the Bar Library) says that he practiced law in the General Court in A^irginia, which was the supreme judi- cature of the State, until the Courts of Justice were dissolved by the Revolution, and that there were Manu- script Notes, of Three Volumes of Reports, by Sir John Randolph, Edward Barradall and Mr. Hopkins, who were the most eminent counsel of their dav. All had BERNARD. 427 stndied at the Temple in Loudon, and had taken the degree of Barrister there. Richard Bernard, (2d,) was the son of Richard Bernard, (1st). Richard Bernard, (1st,) was born in Engh^nd in 16C8; married Anna Corderoy, 1634; died in Virginia, ill 1650. There is a very exliaustive sketch of the Bernard fami'y in the William and Mary Quarterly, for July, 1896, and January, 1897, to which I respectfully refer anyone seeking further information, as I have simply confined myself in this sketch in endeavoring to. trace out the line of my own family. And I also desii'e to express my most sincere and grateful acknowledgments to the distinguished editor of that valuable 'Magazine, Hon. Lyon G. Tyler, and to Mr. R. a. Brock, for their unvarying and unweary- ing kindness and courtesy and assistance. The article says: "This ancient and respectable family came from Buckinghamshire, England.'' There is a history of the Bernard family, in Lips- combe's history of Buckinghamshire, vol. ii., page 519, and of Corderoy, in the "Visitation of Wiltshire," 1623. In Chester's London Marriage Licenses is one, "November 24, 1634, for Richard Bernard, of 428 BERNARD. Petsoe Piirisli, Buckinghamshire, geutlemau, widower, aged twenty-six years, to marry Anxa Corderoy, aged twenty-two, daughter of Corderoy, Esq., at 'St. Mary's in the AVardrobe.' " They emigrated to Virginia, and settled, first in York County. By deed dated January 2, 1647, recorded at York- town, liichard Bernard rented from the executors of William Pryor, "Pryor's plantation" in York County. To the Deed is attached a rough drawing of a Shield, with a Bear rampant^ which is the coat of arms common to the Bernards of Buckinghamshire. "Hayden's Virginia Genealogies, page 462, gives the arras of one branch of the family as "a shield, a hear rampant, sable, muzzled and chained, or." Eichard Bernard died in 1650. By deed dated December 1, 1652, recorded in York County, Thomas Edwards of the Inner Temple, Lon- don, gentleman, and Margaret, his wife, one of the two daughters of William Pryor, deceased, (Margaret and Mary) convey to Mrs. Anna Bernard, of Virginia^ widow, their share of the lands which had belonged to William Pryor. "BEUNARD. 429 Article by Williuin G. Staruird, in '-Tlie Critic^'' lichnioud, January 4, 1890. Ill the Laud Office, at Richmond, vol. ii., page 3U5, ds a patent dated April 3, 1651, inn Sir William Berkeley to Mrs. Anna Bernard, for one thousand acres of land upon Machodick river, in consideration of the transportation of twenty persons to the Colony. This method of settling the Colony, was usual at that time ; and the names of the persons brought over ■on this occasion, are given in the William leasure. "Sir, I wholly trust you for the seating of this- land, and I am confident that you will do this for me- as for yourself, "I love to have what is mine, entire, so that I may iiot trespass my neighbor, nor he, me. "In what charge you are at in my business these "BERSTARD. !43'1 lines shall oblige me to pay ; and your love and care, I shall ever study the best way of returning. "I give Mrs. Broadhurst many thanks for accept- ing so poor a token, and I should be glad of a good occasion to draw you and Mrs. Broadhurst into these parts; that I might not only enjoy your company, but ■pay part of the respect I owe you. My service waits on you both. "My daughter, Anna Smith, presents her services io you both, and Sir, "I am your most humble servant, "Anna Bernarb. •"'February 20, 1653, this letter was Proved." (That is Admitted to be Recorded.) Her daughter, Anna Smith, was the wife of Major John Smith, Speaker of the House of Burgesses, first a a-esident of Warwick County, and afterwards of Glou- cester County. Mrs. Anna Bernard and Major John Smith are mentioned in the General Court Records in 1670, as the guardians of John Matthews, Esq., grandson of ■Governor Samuel Matthews. There is a sketch of this Smith family in the •''William and Mary Quarterly," vol. iv. She removed to Pnrton, in Gloucester County, There were other members settled here. Captain Peter Bernard, of the Revolution, was from Gloucester County, and his Company was raised from this neighborhood. 4'32' beri^ard; In the Land Records, vol. iv., page 354, is a patent dated March 27, 1601, to Mi's. Anna Bernard, for nine- Inndred acres in Gloucester County- Petsworth Parish, in Gloucester County, or as it is frequently called, Petsoe Parish, was so called, from the parish of the same name in England, from which the family had originally come; In Bishop Meab-e's "Oliv Churches axd Fah-- n.iES OP ViitGiNiA," vol. i,, page 331, is a long account of this parish, from which this extract is taken : "This parish was established in 1654, afterwards it f'cll into decay, and the glebe,, (or land belonging to the- parish Church) was sold in 1802. The Church", which has been long since destroyed,, was a building of the finest taste and finish, but, per- haps, too gorgeous for our republi-can simplicity. Tho site of it is now marked only by a few ancient tombs. Several attempts were made to remove the bricks from Petsoe, which were prevented by presentments of the Grand Jury, but some years since, (this was written- in 1855,) a person who was building a hotel at Old Point, purchased the right to the remains of the old Church and removed the bricks. "The hotel was struck hy lightning and injured,, before its completion." Mrs. Anna Bernard died in 1670, BERNARD. 433 Richard Bernard, her linsbaud, born 1(308, mar- ried in London, ]S[oveuiber 24, IG'Si, Anna Corderoy, and died 1650; is believed to have been a son of John Bernard. Among the emigrants from England to Virginia about this time were Thomas Bernard and William Bernard, afterwards called Colonel; who are believed to have been the Brothers of Eichard Bernard. In 1512, the Bermudas were granted to the "Vir- ginia Company."' Encyclopedia Brittanica, vol. 3, page 599. They were frequently called the "Somers Isles," after Sir George Somers, a member of Parliament, and one of the original patentees for colonizing Virginia. Sir George Somers was appointed Admiral of Vir- ginia, and died at Bermuda, where he had gone for provisions for the Colony, November 9, 1610. The "Virgina Company" and the "Somers Islands Company" consisted of the same persons and were con- ducted under the same management. In the "Collections of the A^irginia Historical Society, New Series," are contained the proceedings of the "Virginia Company, of London," from 1619 to 1624. Vol. i, page 20, says : "At a meeting held Novem- ber 17, 1619, Mr. Bernard was present." 434 BEKN"AE1). Vol. i, page 128: "At a general Court held for Virginia, June 13, 1621, Mr. Bernard was present." '•On this occasion, a motion was made, that as the Companies of London and other towns had adventured money towards their land, some course be thought upon, to make some profit of these lands, the like having been done in Ireland with good success, and a Committee for that purpose was appointed, of which Mr. Bernard was a member." Vol. ii, page 104, says, that he was present at a gen- eral quarter Court, held January 31, 1620-1631. In 1622, he was appointed Governor of the Somers Isles, to succeed Nathaniel Butler. Vol. ii, page 184, says: The Virginia Court, being dissolved into a Somers Islands Court, Lord Cavendish taking the chair, choice was made of six jjersons to represent the company, and Mr. Bernard, Governor- Elect, was selected as one. And in vol. ii, page 205, at a meeting held May 7, 1623, he is spoken of as the "New Governor Captain Bernard, lately deceased " Smith's History of Virginia, was first published in London in 1629, and reprinted in Eichmond, 1819. In the account of the ''Somers Isles," vol. ii, p. 165, is this quaint statement : "Master John Bernard, sent to be Governor. "To supply this place was sent by the noble adven- BERNARD. 435 tnrers, John Bernard, a gentleman, both of good means and qnality, who arrived within eight days of Butler's departure ; with two ships, and about one hundred and forty passengers, with arms and all sorts of munitions, and other provisions sufficient. "During the time of his life, which was but six weeks, in reforming all things he found defective, he showed himself so judicious and industrious as gave great satisfaction, and did generally promise vice was in great danger to be suppressed, and virtue and the Plantation much advanced. "But it so happened, that both he and his wife died in such short time, that they were both buried in one day, and in one grave, and Master John Harrison chosen Governor until further orders came from Eng- land." On page 145, in the Jistribntion of the lands were "Hamilton's tribe, Master John Bernard's assigns, 2 shares ; Devonshire tribe, Master John Bernard's heirs, 3 shares ; Paget's tribe,, Master John Bernard's heirs, 1 share." Many years ago, when C B. Tiernan was spending the Christmas time at "Upper Brandon," in Virginia, Mr. William Harrison took him into the Library, and show^ed him the above notices, and remarked to him that his own ancestor, John Harrison, had immediately succeeded C. B. Tiernan's ancestor, John Bernard. 436 FAREWELL. "Farewell I a word that must be ! A word that makes us liuger; yet Farewell!" — Byron. The writer hopes that this Work will be interesting and acceptable to the public. He had a good many letters and papers of his Father's and Mother's, and his aunt 8omerville"s, that he thought were worthy to be preserved; and he con- sidered that in part, he was paying a debt of honor in having these printed. He has received great encouragement from the kind Notices and exj)ressions, from the Press and from individnals, concerning other eiforts that have been made by him, in this direction. He has abbreviated all the material, as much as possible. He hopes that a great part of what is herein con- tained will be found to be new ; and that his effort to shOfV gomething of the private lives and characters, and also of the friendships and feelings of persons whose names are weQ-known, will prove entertaining. He has endeavored "to speak of things as they are; nothing to extenuate, nor to set down aught in malice," and to be accurate in all statements; and while he has not attempted to trace the various branches of families, he hopes that any one wishing to connect them with one another, will have no difficulty in doing so. His desire is to give information and pleasure : — in the hope that the sentence of Horace may prove true in this case, that, he gains every point who unites what is useful, with what is agreeable. "Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile, dulci." THE END. APPEN^DIX. iPAGE 5. -^'THE LEGEND OF TIERNAX "OR, ^'THE BLUE KNIGHT. "By Mei{ula5i. "Long ago, wheu vale and mountain were clotlied with the great primeval farest, with their hues of green my conclusion, From one kind word in this solution, You take the letter-, and thereon You have the other word, nem con.' 'Gardiner G. Howland, of New York, who married ^^ouisa, daughter of Jonathan Meredith, writes : ■^'H. V. Sgheeville, Esq., ^'Baltimoek. "New York, 12 June, 1835. •^'Dear Friend : "I am pleased to say that we are at last safe at our own quarters, where a hearty welcome awaits you and your good wife, whenever you will make good your promise x)f a visit. "I send this to Meredith,* who wall see it safe to you, with a late publication, containing all our City Laws, which, I hope, wdll embrace the object you have in view. *His son, Meredith Howland, who married Mary, daughter of Grafton Lloyd Dulauy, of Baltimore. 448 APPENDIX. "Will yon also accept a few bottl^^s of Maraschino^, which I beg Meredith to send you with the book. "My thoughts often extend themselves to your beautiful 'Home;' and if your happiness is measured by my best wishes, you will have a full share of the good thir.gs of this life. "In speaking oi ^i/ou,' I take it for granted that you and your good wife are One, if not, peace be with her also, for you well know that I think all Wives are the ietter part. "Ever, and truly thine, "G. G. HOTKLAND."" PAGE 169. "KiLLARNEY, Monday, January 6; We set oufe for Killarney, at 6 this morning, and passed through a? thickly populated country, to Macromb- Here I saw nothing remarkable, except the fantastic Gothic struc- ture or Castle, of the rich. Mr. Hedge, on the bank of a pretty stream. "It was the birth place of Admiral Sir William Fenn/" ' PAGE 171. Hannan Blennerhasset, was the intimate friend of Aaron Burr ; and he was arrested and indicted at the same time. When Burr was acquitted, the indictment of Blennerhasset was dropped, William Wirt was retained by the United StateS;, in the prosecution of Burr for treason. PAGE 178, In the fog in London, a gentleman who had taken APPENDIX. 449 out his gold snuff box in the street, is said to have had it taken from him without seeing anything except the hand which, took it. PAGE 1 Crittenden, Hon. John J. .366 Crook, Mrs. Major George. 59 Crookshanks, ( apt 410 Cunningham, Miss 358 •' Sir Walter Mont- gomery 267 Curran, Mr Custis, Miss Eliza Parke. .164 Daily, John 59 Dalrymple. Miss 18 Dandridge, Miss 345 " Anne 43, 445 D'Angonlome, Duchess. . .188 Darke, General 44 Darling, C. T 370 E. 1 870 Nancy 370 Darnall, Henry 41 John 41 Davan, Kingsmill 57 Davidge, Mr 377 Davis, Margaret 37 De Barrette, Isaac 27 De Boigne, General 222 De Bouissa, Governor 39 De Butts, Mr. and Mrs. . . .287 De Conde, Prince 185 De Courcy, Admiral 171 Captain 171 Lilly 73 " Notley Rozier. 78 William 73 De Iturbide, Augustin 307 De La Roche, Charles 27 De Leisseline 340, 341 De Mullet, Johanna Juli- ana 73 D'Enghien, Duke 185 De Passe 402 De Segur, Count 188 De Sevigne, Madame 355 Devereux, Judge .115 d'Evereux, Gen.. .232, 233, 244 De Witt, John Van Horn.. 73 D'Hinojosa, Alexander. ... 23 Dhu, Donach 385, 386 Digges, William 41 Dinwiddle, Governor 42 Dixon, Jeremiah 29 Thomas 60 458 tl^DEXi Donnell, William 354 d'Orleans, Princess Marie. 20:] Douglass, Lady 178 J3owery, Albert 366 Drayton, Coleman 75 Du Bellet, Mr. Henry 254 Du Boury, Williams 834 Du Carrousel 181 Ducis, Mr 186 Dull'erin, Countess ; . .237 Dugan, Cura erland 78 Frederick James. . 78 " Josephine. 79 " Margaret Kelso... 78 Duke of Bedford 177 Duke of Marlborough 184 Duke of Rutland 170 Duke of Sussex 176 Du Maurier 368 Dulanv, C4raf ton Lloyd . . . .447 " ' Mary 647 Dunlop, Archibald .282 William 283 Dunmore, Lord 44 Duyall, L. M 5!) Earl of Egilutoii 2S0 Easter, Mrs 332 Eaton, ]Margaret 138 ■Eccleston, Archbishop. .70, 363 Samuel 301 Edward, Prince Charles. ;. 386 EdAvards, Margaret 428 Thomas 428 Rev. Tryon 76 Elder, Ellin ' 78 Eldridge 414 Elizabeth, Queen 29, 169 Ellenborough, Lord 168 EUicott, Benjamin 73 Emmet, Robert 172 England, Rev. John 112 Eppes, Colonel Richard. . .402 ■Everett, Edward 238, 239 " ■ Alexander Hill... 243 Fairfax, William 409 Fauntleroy 417 Fendall Josias 37 Fen wick, Charles G 59 Colonel.... 118, 274 Helen 320 Henry A 320,869 *' Josoph 309 Juliet G 369 Dr Martin 360 i'erdinand II 3J12 Ferguson, Christian 380 Mr 276 John 278 Findly, Mr 293 Fingall, Lord 178 Fisher, Miss Francis 163 Fred 163 Fitzgerald, Lord Edward.. 172 Elizabeth 387 John 387 Fitzherbert, Mrs 46 Fitzhugh 240 Fleming, Sir Archibald. . .266 A. W 382 Lady 266 Fleming 414 Foley, Thomas 70, 71 Forest, Colonel 8 Forsyth, Hon John 342 Fowing, Captain 84 Fraley, Lieutenant 310 Franklin, General 417 Frederick, the Great 184 Frick, Miss 353 Fridge, Mr Alexander 48 Gabriel (Galuiel's War). . . 324, 325 Gallego, Mrs 154 Gallego, Joseph 156 Galitzin, Priest Prince. ... 70 Garrett, T. Harrison 94 Gates, General Horatio. ... 44 Gay 414 " Bettie 412 " Dr. William 412 Genoa, Duke of 224 Gerard 190 George, Prince 320 III 196 Ghequiere, Charles .58, 59, 801 Gibson, James 154 Gilmor, Robert, Jr 314 Robert 62 Mrs Robert, Jr. . .353 T W 358 Robert, Sr..76, 251, 258 William 253 Giustiniani, Rev Father.. 323 Gladstone, Hon. W. E 386 Glencairn, Earl 267 Godin, Mynheer 31 Godiva, Lady 197 Goldsborough, Mrs 344 ■' Sister 93 Goldsmith, Mr ..293 " Major Samuel. 36, 37 Goodloc, John 268 Mary 268 Gordon, Miss"A. C 353 Basil B 397 INDEX. 459 Gordon, Mrs. Basil B SOS Henry S oU7 " General John B . . 74 Lady 281,285 Sir Robert 281 Sir AVilliam..289, 291 Graham, Mr, Campbell. ... 54 Mrs. J. T 8;53 Sir Robert '.',S:) William :!02 Gravatt, Dr 450 Gray, Mr i)U Miss ]\Iartha o54 " William 44!) Griffin, Martin I. J 70, S(j Grignon's 188 Griswold, Rufus W 104 Grogan, James Joyce 10 Grouchv, Marshal 104 Guest, Bernard R y81 FB ysi " George 381 Gunn, Mr.." 292 Gwathnev, Carter 385 Mrs. F 93 Mary A 358 Hager, Jonathan, Jr 45 Hager, Mrs, Marv 45 Hall, Miss Elizabeth ;]53 Hamtramck, Adolphus. ... 74 " Augustus .... 74 Butler 74 David 74 De Witt 75 " George Wm.. 74 " Georgianna . . 74 " Joseph De Mulet 74 " John Francis. il, /o, (4 " Josephine ... 74 " Maria Antoin- ette 74 " Mary Rebecca 78 May 74 Hand, General Edward. ... 75 Hannibal 223 Harden, Mr. Samuel 48 Harding, Chester 301 Harford, Colonel F. H. . . . 30 Harper, Miss Emily 347 Harris, Hon. J. M 318 Harrison, President 140, 141, 142 *' John 435 Mr. Richard.... 206 " William 435 Hart, Elizabeth 419, 421 Harvey, INIr Ifii) Haslam, Rev. John 401 Hawkesworth, Mary. . , . . . 18 Hawkins, Miss " 445 Hay, Mr 172" Hawley, Mr 247 Hebb, Elizabeth 270 Col. Yernou 270 Hedge, Mr 448 Hegar, Jonathan, Sr 45 Heiler, John 42() Henry, IV 190. 220 Henry VIII 29 Henry, Patrick 407 Henger, Henry 33 H( nric 33 Herald, New York G Herbert, Mr 170 Hinojossa, Mr 24, 25 Hipk'ins, Fanny 375, 416 John .416 Hobhouse, John 116 Hoffman Mr. John 4S, 359 Mr. Samuel 354 Mr. S O 354 Mr. W. H 353 Holmes, Mr 113 Hooe, Fanny 417 Hooper, Henry 79 Hopewell, Anna 270 Hopewell, Hugh 270 Hopkins, Miss Sarah 320 Basil 320 Mr 426 Hopkirk, Mr 293 Horsey, Outerbridge 79 Hoult, Ann 19 Howard, Benjamin C 95 Charles 115 Dr 130 John E (12,115 Howland, Gardiner G 447, 448 Meredith ,447 Hudde, Andrew 33 Hughes, Christoiiher 243 Katharine 76 Hunter, Mr 343 Hunt, Mayor Jesse 63 Hurgan 33 Hurtado, Minister 334 Ingersoll, Edward 239, 242, 244 Iniquitj', Archbishop.,. . . 219 Jackson, General AndreAV. 118, 119, 124, 137, 139, 140, 143, 344 Stonewall 337 460 INDEX. James, Duke of York 29 James, I 'SH'S II 30,388 VI 202,384 Jarvis 375 Jeffersou, Thomas 01, 119, 120, 121, 157, 389, 421, 426 Jenkins. Hugh 66 H. W 150 " Miss Julia D 115 Michael 62 Jennings, Edward 296 Young 296, 297 Jerningham, Mr 178 Johnson, Chapman 358 Peter 27 Hon. Reverdv... 77 General J. E- ...893 Josephine 183,187 Jourtlaiu, Jean 27 Journal, N. Y. Freeman's. 5 Journal, N. Y. Hcmie 404 Kaimes, Lord 204 Kean 175 Kemble, Miss Fannie 140, 354 Kenmare, Lord 109, 170 Kennbu, Mary 403 Kenly, John R 104 Kennedy, Hon. Anthony. . 94 Mrs. Elizabeth Gray 85, 86 J. P 88, 85, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, 109, 110, 333, 354 '; Sarah 19 Kent, William 193 Kilgore, David 78 Kilpatrick 418 Kingsale, Lord 171 King, Mr 243 "' Mrs. J. H 375 " Hon. John P 342 " General Horatio C..818 King of Naples 240 KingRufus 242 King of Spain 27 Kip, Hendrick 23 Kleber, General 221 Klingle 370 " J. P 369,370 " Mrs. Laura C 370 " Susan Beatrice 370 Knox, General 7 Kurtz, Dr 48 Labedoyere 190 La Chaise, Pere 190 La Combe, Madam 46 Lafayette, General 7, 244 " Marquis De 246, 248, 252, 254, 258, 263, 264 " Virginie 258 Lambert, Mr 168 Landall, Lord and Lady.. .263 Lanier, Sidney 383 Lasteyrie, Marquis and Marquise 255 to 259 " Guy and Louis. 259 Latrobe, Ferdinand C 215 Mr. John H. B... 351, 353 Mrs. John H. B.. 348, 858 La Vette, Madame 118 Law, Mr. Thomas 164, 165 Lawrence, Abbott 140 Heer 135 Lawson, General 116 Lee, Mr. Charles C 160, 161, 366 " Harriet Carroll 320 " General Henry 153, 160, 819, 398, 394 " Major Henry, Jr 160 " Hon. John 820,390 " Mrs. John 347 " Miss Mary 320 " General R. E 168, 366, 393, 394 " Richard Henry 424 " Colonel Thomas J. . ..859 " N. H. F 75, 168 Leigh, Miss Mary S 844 Leinster, Duke of 259, 264 Letcher, Governor 30, 398 Letterman, Dr 320 Levert, Madame Octavia Walton 365 Lewis, Edwin A 71 Elizabeth 408 Lier, Adolj h 868 " Philip 417 Lightfoot, Sarah 347 " Young 92 Lincoln, General 7 President 393 Lingan, General 319 Livingstone, Miss Cora. . .240 " Hon. Edward 253, 254 Mrs.... 240, 243 " Mary 74,274 INDEX. 461 Livingstone, Van Brugli. .274 Lord, Mrs 332 Louise, Marie 183, 184 Louis XV 263 XIV 170,186 " XVIII 179 Lucas, Dr 247 Mrs. F 48 Lusk, Captain 271* Lyle, Lord 267 Lyon, James 11) MacDonald 219 Macpherson, Harriet 75 " Colonel John 75 Mactavish, Mrs. C. C .346 Madison, James 61, 160 Magruder, Helen 318 " Mrs. Judge. . . .356 Gen. John B... 91 Judge R. B . . . . 318, 319 Malherbe, Mrs 342, 343 ]\Iarean, Eliza 78 Jlarechal, Archbishop. ..73, 75 " Ambrose.. ..301, 302 Marie Antoinette 183 Marmout 219 Marshall, Chief Justice. ... 8 " George 115 " Judge \Vm. L. . .161 Martin, Judge 77 Mrs .Henry New ell. 355 " Luther 45 " Lewis 411 Hon. R. N 76 Colonel T. B 43 Mason, Andrew 314 Charles 29 George 413 Massieu 191 Matheson, Mrs Robertson. 265 S. R 266 Matthews, Dal 366 Daniel 366 Eliza 366 John 431 Liddy 366 " Gov. Samuel. . .431 Sukev 366 Matthew, Father 68, 69 Maury, General D. H 378 Maxwell, Jaue 281 Sir William 281 Mayer, Frank B 51 " Mrs 51 Mayo, Miss 156 " John 156 McCaleb ,310 McAllister, Colonel 267 " Mrs. Somer- ville 204 McCoy, ]\Irs, Col. Henry. .448 McCurdv, Captain .' . ..279 McDonald, Colonel A. AV. 30 Flora 386 James 282,283 John... 285, 287 289, 298 Lord. ..288, 3«9. 291 " Margaret 281, 283, 285, 289, 290 McDouough, Captain 264 McDuffie 140 McEkierry, Thomas 59 McGregor ." 266 McHenrjs Mr 254 Mclvernan, Marijaiet 11 Michael 11 McKim, Hon. Isaac 64 David 445 McKinlej', President 115 McLane, James 76 McLean, Colonel F. R 384 Judo-e 123,125 McNally, Elise 78 McShenny, Mrs 376 Meade, Bishop 425, 432 Major Gen. Geo. G. 52 " Miss Margaret 52, 54. 55, 307 Richard W 52,307 " Miss Salvadora... . 52 Meades, The 414 Mercer, George 43 John" 95, 96 Merchant, Antoinette 73 " Chas. Alexander 73 Meredith, Miss Emma ;;53 " Jonathan 76 " Rebecca Salmon 76 ' William 354 Miller, Alfred J 51 Mr 411 Miluor, Miss 332 Mirror, The Catholic 89 Monroe, James. . . .160, 324, 421 Montgomery, Mr 282 Lewis M 71 Lord 266 Montoya,Seuor Jose Maria.316 Moody, Stewart 297 Moore, Robert 60 Mordecai, Samuel 154 Morgan, Commodore 309, 311, 312, 313 ^62 INDEX, Morgan, General DanieL. .309 Morris, Commodore 310 Morris, Grenfnil George.. .113 John B 162 Robert 11 Morrison, Miss Mary 370 MuUan, Emma Verita 71 " Frank Drexel 71 "• Captain Joliu ..71, 445 " Mary Rebecca 71 Mullin, M. A 59 Munf ord, Robert 409 Muukacsy, Michael 368 Murat ^43 " Napoleon Aehille.. .343 Murray, James 408 Neale, Captain James. .]^,. 37 Neill, Alexander. . . .17, 18, 19 Nelms, Mrs 48 Nelson, S. P 17, 64 Nevins, Mrs 48 News, London Illustrated. 269 Ney 190 Nicholas, Colonel.., 39, 40, 314 Mrs 325 George 326 " Spear 326 " Mary Spear 323 Judge P. N 325 R.C....325, 326, 413 Nicholson, Captain Joseph. 319 Nisbet, Lady 341 Cassandra 92,359 Miss Colgate 353 Norman, Miss Norris, William Henry. ... 19 O'Connell, Daniel . . .' 172 O'Connor, Bishop 12 O'Dounell, Gen. Columbus 60 Offutt, Elizabeth 19 William 19 O'Keere, Rev. Father 71 Oliver, John 00 Robert 60 O'Maley 235 O'Neill, Miss 207 Ord, General E. O. C. . .46, 47 " James 46 Orme, Captain 42 Ormonde, Lord and Lady. 263 Owen, Mrs 17, 18, 20 " Agnes 19 Ann..., 114 Ann Boyd 19 " Kennedy 18, 19 " Lawrence 19,20 Rachel 13 " Rebecca 19 Owen,", Robert. . ..18, 19, 20, 3f Sally m Paca, John 73 Nannie 73 Paquiet, J. B. F 334 Patterson, Mrs. Robert 235 Mrs 389,292 " Peter 280^ 283, 284,' 354 William... 62, 325 Paulding, James K 403 Pauline, Princess 227, 228 Peale, Anna 83 " Charles Wilson.... 11 Rembrandt 7,8,11 Miss Sarah 348 Peirce, Joshua 36? Pelham 354 Pendleton, Philip 44 Penn, William 29, 31, 41 Penrose, Mr 169 Perry 304 Peters, John 283 Pinkney, Edward Coate . 83, 86 '' Campbell White. 445 Edward 445 Miss Elizabeth.. .245 " Hon. William. ... 83, 245, 445 Pitt, Mr 296 Pius VIL, Pope 302 Plater, Governor 273 " Anna Eliza 273 Plato 447 Pleasants, Mrs 131 Pluuket, Mr 173 Pocahontas 359, 397, 401 to 404 Caroline 382 Pochon, Mr 17 Poe, Edgar A 333 Ponsonby, Miss 174 Porter, Hon. Alexander. .. 67 Poyars, Miss 402: Poythress, Elizabeth 387 Pratt, Chief Justice 416. " Fanny 416 Prentice, Mr 121 Prescott, William 410 Preston, Ballard 382 Prince, Regent 194 Princess, Russian 184 of Wales 178 Pryor, William 428 Pue, Rebecca 320 Ramsay, James 60 Randall, Hon. Alexander. 90 " Mrs. Alexander. .342 ixi>e:s;. 403 Bandolph, Edmund 32G David Meade .,157 John... 138, 140, 401 to 411 Sir John 426 " Mrs. Mary 157 N ." 154 " Peyton 183 Richard 403 Robert 358 Randolphs, The 414 Ravaillac 230 Read, T. B 368 " Mrs. W. G 347 " William George ... 115 Rennie, Mr 300 Reis,Mr 48 Richardson, Mr 339, 340 Riddell, Agnes 18 " Alexander 19 Robert, Sr 18, 19, 58, 79 Robert, Jr 18, 19 Rider, Mr 363 " •,i=.Job'i ,53 Ptia ^'eiy. Mv» 320 L>avid 315 Miss Eliza 330 John 330 Rives, William Cabell. .158, 160 Robb, Fanny 383 Gay 383 Helen 383 Mrs. Helen Struan..419 J. B 383 Mrs. P. L 383,449 R. G 383 Robertson, Agnes 387 Alexander 386 Ann 382,886 " Archibald 387, 389, 450 '' Arthur 386 Boiling 404 " Christian 387 " Elizabeth 387 Gay 883 " Miss Jane Gay. 154, 155, 375, 897 J. B 383 Judge. 392, 396,413 Hon.R. S 397 " Hon. John 342, 386, 887, 890, 398 Powhatan.382, 390 Robert P 387 Sheriff 38G Robertson, T. B 389 Dr. T. S 386 William 381, 386, 387, ■390, S98 '' Wvndhani. . . . 359, 360, 395, 414 Robez, M. de 254 Robinson, Conway. , 345 Horse Shoe. .97, 98 Roche, Colonel 166 Rochambeau, General 7 Roelands, Robert 26, 27 Rogers, Mrs. Llovd N 165 Lloyd...' ,235 Rootes, Mr.' Edward M 167 Rolfe, Jane 402, 414 John 401 Thomas 403 Rowan, Archibald Hamilton 336, 288 Rowland, K. M 418 Rumbold, Ladv 164 Rush, Dr. Benjamin. .268, 269 Saint Meniin, Julien 158 Salmon, George 59 Savin, Sarah 419, 423 Scheffer, Ary 368 Schuyler, Mary 76 ir cott, Bessie 883 " Gay 383 " General 873 " Mrs. General 147, 346, 347, 363 Lelia 382 " Dr. M. P 382 " Sir Walter 265 Seekamp, Albert 70 Belby, Eliza 71, 74 Gay 71 Selden, Francis 92 Seton, Madame 302, 8;i4 Sew ell, Nicholas 41 Sharp, Governor 42 Shields, Agnes 115 Ashton 115 " Devereux 115 Mrs. Julia D 89, 90, 115, 142 Thomas Clifton.. .116 " Wilmer 115 Shimmel, Peter 143 Shippen, William 320 Shubrick, Miss 353 Sicard, Abbe 191 Sickle, E 368 Simonds, Mr 306 Sketchly, Captain 167 4(>i INDEX. Singleton, Miss Aniielica. . 339, 341 Skinner, Mr. John S 363 Skipwith, Eliza B 92, 353, 396 to 398 Mr 345 Lieut 396 Dr. Henry 396 " Henry, Jr 397 Humbertson .... 390 Lelia 389 Peyton 390 Slaughter, Rev. Philip. . . .397 Smardon, Mr .377 Smith, Judge 19 " Anna 431 Charles Edward. . .419 Miss Emily 359 " Henrietta Heuly... 70 " Jonathan Bayard. . 70 John Henly 70 Major John 431 Mrs. John Henly.. 83 " Louis 833 Mary .359 Mary Yates 19 Samuel W 306 " General Samuel. . ..335 Snowden, John ,.320 Somers, Sir George 333 Somerville, Agues. 86, 90, 114, 145, 292, 356, 360 '' Anna Maria. . .156 " Lord Aubrey John... .265,269 Charles Tier- nan 116 Elizabeth. 11 6, 273 " Dr. George. . . 289, 292 " H V 52, 83, 116'to 126, 131 to 162, 244 to 274, 316, 317, 375, 377, 446, 447 Mrs. H. V Ill, 375, -445, 448 " James H 93, 94, 103, 145, 266, 267, 268, 275, 278 Jenny 278 John... 267 to 287 Joseph Fowlerll7 " Juliana 156 Kennox.290to292 Margaret 267 " Mary Louisa.. 117 Somerville, Nancy , .288 Mrs. Rebecca. 52, 54, 86, 92 to 105, 114, 115, 133, 144 to 155, 161, 274, 287, 289, 317, 354 " Robert (.."ole- man Brien..ll7 Thomas D.... 270 Thomas T 270 Walter 279 W. C 116, 153 to 169, 205, 232, 239, 242 to 273 William.. .288, 293 " William Tier- nan 116, 132 Sophia, Princess 178 Spalding, Archbishop 71 Sparks, liev. Jared 236 Spear, Dorothy 325 Colonel John 325 Miss Mary S2r> William.. 325. Spencer, David Wiliiaiiisr'^ 7i J.jv'^ 71 Spranger, Dr. b . X . Jr, . ..370 Sprigg, Governor Samuel. 30G Spring, Robert 69, 70 Stannard, William G 429 Stafford, Baron 235 Stauf, Frederick 315 Stephen, Adam ;343 Stephens, Alexander H. ...395 Stevens, Gov. Samuel, Jr. .306 Stirling 266 Stith, Anne 402 Strieker, Miss Catherine. .319 " General John. . .. 318, 319 " Captain George. . 319 " Helen Catherine. 319, 820 Laura 319 Margaret 319 Stuart 11 " Gilbert 162 " General J. E. B 72 Stuyvesant, Geu 24, 26, 29 Suchet ....186 Sully, Tiiomas 375 Sun, The Baltimore.48, 76, 331 Sussex, Duke of 234 Suzette, Homoselle 333 Swann, Governor Thomas.315 Swanson, Jacob 33 Sweariugen, Barbara de Barette..21, 26, 27, 46 INDEX. 465 Sweariugen, Charles 18 " " Drusilla 45 " Gerret Van. . 31 to 41 Elizabeth 26, 27, 46 " Joseph 44 Rebecca. ...21, 83 Ruth 4.5 " Samuel 21 Thomas 21, 42 to 44 Van 21 to 44 Zacharias...26,27 Sweden, Queen of 242 Tait, Mrs. Anna 366 " Eliza Morrison 368 " George 368 " John R 368 " Mrs. John R 103 Talbot, Miss 189 Tarleton, General 209 Colonel 408 Taney, Chief Justice 51, 308, 309 Taylor, Colonel J 376 " Mrs 48 J. P 381 William P 881 Tazwell, Dr 358 Governor L.W... 395 Thatcher, Henry A 43 Thomas, Evan 48 Mrs.J. H 347 J. R 395 Governor P. F... 395 Thomson, James 72 Hon. W 392 Thornton, Caroline 847 Mrs 346 Winifred 419 Tiernan, Mrs. Anna 54, 55, 70, 80, 318, 371 Ann E 80 AnnaD 368 " Agnes 79 " Colonel 8 Rev. Canon. .6, 14, t? Catherine 76,80 " Charles 352, 354, 363, 445 Charles B.......369 " Eliza Jane.. . .11, 12 Elizabeth 72 " Francis 11 Gay B.... 52 Gay R 90, 323, 347, 348 Tiernan, G. R 348, 358, 360, 366, 367, 375, 398, 403 G. B 354, 367 " Miss Helen 320 " James M 163 " Kennedy Owen.. 79 " Laura 371 " Maria Ann 70 Mrs. Mary S 83, 316, 323 to 332 Michael 11,79 Patrick.. .7, 11, 79, 80 Paul 14, 79 Peter 11 " Rebecca 118 Sally 79 " William 14, 70, 79, 375 Tiffany, Mrs. William 854 Tilghman, Anna Maria. ... 19 Richard Llovd. 19 Times, New York 312, 417 Tower, C 263 Travers, Miss Ellen 353 Trent, Ann 390 Trigg, Mr. and Mrs 92 Connolly F 359 Triplett 358 Troup, Dr. Henry 71 Tubman, Rev 20 Tucker, Rev. Josiah 195 " Virginia 345 Turnbull, Mrs. Lawrence.. 332 Tuscany, Duke of 224 Tyler 100 ■" John 141 " Hon. Lvon G 427 Upshur, Mr.*; 98 Utie, Colonel Nathaniel. .. 22, 23, 36, 37 " George 36 Uxbridge, Lord 214 Van Buren, Martin 138, 141, 339, 342 Van Bibber, Dr. Washing- ton Chew 79, 116 Van Heeck, John 27 Victoria, Queen 167 A'oorhees, Captain 311 Walkers, The 414 Walker, Elizabeth 21 Waller. Mr 416 Ward, Frederick 78 AYilliam H 78 Warford, Elislia 76 Richard Colvin.. 76 Warner, Mr 278 466 IJSTDEX. Warren, Mr 203 Warrington, L 309 Washington, General 7, 8, 11, 43 to 44, 62, 69,183,230,231,285, 395, 410,- 424 " John Augus- tine 424 " Samuel 44 Mrs 1^4 Waters, Mr 114 Mrs 115 " Agnes 115 " Elizabeth 115 " Dr. Horace 115 " Rebecca 115 Wattles, J 48, 51 Weber, August 368 " Miss Augusta 370 Webster, Daniel 141, 143 Wellington, Duke of 234 West, Hugh 43 Whelan, Miss Emily 315 Wheeler, Mary 397 Whimster, William S 383 White, C. I....V 71 Charles R 115 " Julian Leroy 330 Whitfield, Archbishop 318 Whitney, Secretary 313 Whitridge, Mrs. H. L 353 Wigton, Earl of 263 Wilde, John and Mrs 113 " Richard Henry. .. . 103 to 113 William 113 Wilkie 4C8 William 1 316 III 316 IV 267 King 70 Willemson, Jan 23 Williams, Mrs. C. D 245 Elizabeth P 448 " Susan May 315 Williamson, Mr 52 " Albertiua 73 " Charles Alex- ander 78 " Charles Henry 71 David. ...71, 72, 73 Florence 71 " James 72 John 72 " Juliana 73 " Julia Johana. 71 " Luke Tiernan 71 " Marie Antoi- nette 71 " Sarah Joseph- ine 71 " Virginia 72 William and Mary 408 Wallis, S. Teackle 77 Wilson, a. B 75 " J. Appleton 417 " Mary Virginia. . .. 75 Mary W 53 Wirt, Miss Catherine 342 " Miss Ellen 91,93 " Miss Elizabeth 90 " Mrs. William 90 " Hon. William 90, 126, 171, 343, 448 Wright, Bernard 171 Wyer, Wedderstrand Ann. 73 Wythe 430 Xavier, Sister 11 Young, Alexander 70 " Jacob 37 " Mary Rebecca 70 Zacharias, Miss 333 :S