Class 
 Book 
 
 
 
 43J2& 
 
 CopyrightN . 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
I LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
 Two Cooies Received 
 JLIN 7 1906 
 Copyright Entry 
 
 Copyright 19C6 
 By W. D. Cotton 
 
TO 
 
 the memory of 
 The Men of the Ohio Company 
 
 who 
 
 — Were born under a monarchy, 
 
 Fought the battle of Independence, 
 
 Assisted in the baptism of a great republic, 
 
 Then moved into a wilderness, 
 
 And laid the foundations of a state, 
 
 Itself almost equaling an empire," 
 
 THIS SKETCH IS REVERENTLY 
 DEDICATED. 
 
HERE is no spot west of the Alle- 
 ghanies of more historic interest 
 than the old Mound Cemetery of 
 Marietta, for in it are buried many of the 
 Pioneers of the Great Northwest. Sturdy 
 and true were the men who bade "Good- 
 bye" to the old Bay State, and wended their 
 way westward to establish a new home in 
 the wilderness. Under the leadership of 
 Rufus Putnam they followed the Indian trail 
 over the mountains, and in a large boat, 
 called the "Adventure Galley," floated down 
 the Ohio to the mouth of the Muskingum. 
 Here they landed on the 7th of April, 1788, 
 and laid out a little city, which they named 
 Marietta in honor of the Queen of France, 
 Marie Antoinette. 
 
 Too much praise cannot be given to that 
 
 little band which thus laid the foundations 
 5 
 
of the great state of Ohio. It was composed 
 of remarkable men. ''Energetic, industrious, 
 persevering, honest, bold and free, — they 
 were limited in their achievements only by 
 the limits of possibility." Many of them were 
 officers of the Revolution, At the end of 
 that long struggle, finding themselves almost 
 penniless and with occupations gone, they 
 hailed with delight the idea of founding a 
 colony in the far away country on the Ohio. 
 They had often heard of its beauty and rich- 
 ness from their old commander, George 
 Washington, who had directed their attention 
 to the West as a land where they might take 
 refuge, should they be worsted in the strug- 
 gle for independence. 
 
 No one knew better than Washington the 
 possibilities of the country west of the Alle- 
 ghanies. His opportunity for studying the 
 problems and hardships of frontier life began 
 with his service in the old French War, when 
 at the age of twenty-two he fought his first 
 battle on the head- waters of the Ohio. Some 
 years later, in 1770, with a doctor as a com- 
 panion and two Indians for guides, he made 
 
a perilous expedition in a canoe down that 
 then almost unknown river as far as the Ka- 
 nawha, and at the close of the Revolution 
 owned large tracts of land in its fertile val- 
 leys. He was much interested in the Ohio 
 Company's settlement at Marietta, and wrote: 
 "No colony in America was ever settled un- 
 der such favorable auspices as that which 
 has just commenced at Muskingum. Infor- 
 mation, property and strength will be its 
 characteristics. I know many of the settlers 
 personally and there never were men better 
 calculated to promote the welfare of such a 
 community." 
 
 The place selected for the little town con- 
 tained some of those remarkable earthworks 
 whose origin is shrouded in mystery. The 
 Indians could give no information concerning 
 the mounds and squares which lay on an el- 
 evated plain above the east bank of the 
 Muskingum, save that they were the remains 
 of an ancient people, who had long since 
 vanished from the face of the earth. The 
 settlers were much interested in these vast 
 
 monuments, which showed that they were 
 
 7 
 
erected by a race of men greatly superior to 
 the aborigines of the country. 
 
 The sides of the ramparts and mounds 
 were covered by grand old trees, the growth 
 of centuries. One day, in the presence of 
 Governor St. Clair, some trees were felled, 
 and the number of concentric circles counted 
 in order to ascertain their age. One of the 
 largest, a poplar tree, contained 452 circles, 
 and therefore was more than 452 years old. 
 The Rev. Manasseh Cutler, from whose jour- 
 nal the above facts were taken, wrote, "Ad- 
 mitting the age of the present growth to be 
 450 years and that it had been preceded by 
 one of equal size and age, which as probably 
 as otherwise was not the first, the works have 
 been deserted more than 900 years. If they 
 were occupied 100 years, they were erected 
 more than 1000 years ago." 
 
 The worthy pioneers gave evidence of their 
 wisdom and culture by laying out broad 
 streets and ample lots, and above all by re- 
 serving some of the most perfect of the 
 ancient earthworks for public grounds. 
 
 With their country's struggle for liberty 
 
still fresh in their minds they could not 
 honor sufficiently the name of the beautiful 
 Queen of France, who had helped them dur- 
 ing that weary period by her love and sym- 
 pathy; and at an early meeting it was decided 
 to call the square which contained the conical 
 mound Marie Antoinette Square. It bore 
 this name until 1791, but after that it was 
 simply designated as Mound Square. The 
 Great Mound, or Conus, as it is sometimes 
 called, is as perfect today as it was when first 
 discovered by Putnam's little band. Its 
 perpendicular altitude is 30 feet, and its base 
 is a regular circle, 375 feet in circumference. 
 It is surrounded by a moat 15 feet wide and 
 4 feet deep, and defended by a parapet 20 
 feet thick and 585 feet in circumference. 
 What a wonderful piece of work it is ! "What 
 a witness to the skill and intelligence of a 
 prehistoric people ! What lessons it teaches 
 in constancy and patience when we realize 
 that all the earth used was probably carried 
 from some distant place in baskets, and that 
 as it rose foot by foot it was moulded into 
 shape by the hands of the laborers. 
 
Is it the colossal sepulcher of some mighty- 
 chieftain, typifying by its magnitude and 
 symmetry the nobility and beauty of his 
 life? Was it erected as a memorial of some 
 deadly conflict, on the very spot where the 
 young braves shed their blood for their na- 
 tion's cause? Was it an altar built to placate 
 an avenging God and thus to ward off famine 
 and pestilence from the land, from whose 
 sacrificial fires the cries of hundreds of vic- 
 tims ascended to the Great Spirit ? Questions 
 like these must have arisen in the minds of 
 our forefathers as they viewed this curious 
 work from the parapet, or climbed its sloping 
 sides to the top, where a great white oak 
 more than 100 feet high spread out its 
 branches in perpetual benediction. They 
 made an opening near the summit of the 
 mound, and found under a large flat stone 
 the bones of an adult lying in a horizontal 
 position on thin stones placed vertically a 
 few inches apart. The opening was filled 
 up for it was feared that the contour of the 
 mound would be destroyed by further exca- 
 vation, and the search has never been re- 
 newed. 
 
 10 
 
In order to preserve these noble remnants 
 of ancient skill, the founders of Marietta re- 
 solved to lease them "for as long a time as 
 they were not wanted for the uses for which 
 they were reserved." Marie Antoinette 
 Square was leased in 1791 to Gen. Rufus 
 Putnam for 12 years, with the following con- 
 ditions: "He would surround the whole 
 square with mulberry trees with an elm at 
 each corner. The base of the mound to be 
 encircled with weeping willows, with ever- 
 greens on the mound. The circular parapet 
 outside of ditch to be surrounded with trees; 
 all within the Square to remain undisturbed 
 by the plow and seeded down to grass, the 
 whole enclosed with a post and rail fence." 
 
 The settlers had not been long in their 
 
 new home before death claimed some of their 
 
 number. The first to be taken was Major 
 
 Cushing's little daughter Nabby, who died 
 
 Aug. 25, 1788. She was buried on the ridge 
 
 south of the present Oak Grove Cemetery, 
 
 where the house of the late Beman Gates 
 
 now stands. 
 
 On the 15th of January of the following 
 11 
 
year, General Varnum was carried to the 
 same spot and buried with military honors. 
 Cut off in his prime, at the early age of forty, 
 his loss was deeply felt by his fellow-towns- 
 men. He was a Brigadier-General in the 
 Revolution, had made a brilliant record in the 
 old Congress, and at his death was one of 
 the Judges of the Supreme Court of the 
 Northwest Territory. 
 
 The order of procession, copied by Dr. 
 Hildreth from the original manuscript of 
 Winthrop Sargent, secretary of the territory, 
 was as follows: 
 
 THE MILITARY 
 
 Marshals 
 
 Mr. Wheaton bearing 
 the sword and military 
 commission of the de- 
 ceased on a mourning 
 cushion. 
 
 Mr. Mayo with the di- 
 ploma and order of 
 Cincinnati on a mourn- 
 ing cushion. 
 
 Marshals 
 
 Mr. Lord bearing the 
 civil Commission on a 
 mourning cushion. 
 
 Mr. Fearing bearing the 
 insignia of Masonry on 
 a mourning cushion. 
 
 Pall-Holders 
 
 Griffin Greene, Esq. 
 Judge Tupper 
 The Secretary 
 
 Pall-Holders 
 
 Judge Crary 
 Judge Putnam 
 Judge Parsons 
 
PRIVATE MOURNERS 
 
 Charles Greene and Richard Greene 
 
 Frederick Crary and Paiclip Greene 
 
 Doctor Scott and Doctor Farley 
 
 Deacon Story and Doctor Drowne 
 
 Private citizens, two and two 
 
 Indian Chiefs, two and two 
 
 The Militia Officers 
 
 Officers of the Garrison at Fort Harmar 
 
 The Civil Officers 
 
 The Cincinnati 
 
 The Masons 
 
 This reservation, which had been selected 
 
 by Dr. Cutler, one of the Directors of the 
 
 Company, was used for the burial of the 
 
 dead till the breaking out of the Indian War 
 
 in 1790, when it was abandoned because of its 
 
 long distance from the Block House. Here 
 
 were buried a Mr. Welsh, from Kentucky, 
 
 who landed at Marietta, sick with smallpox; 
 
 eight other persons, adults, who died from 
 
 the same disease, and several children; Mrs. 
 
 Rowena (Tupper) Sargent, the first bride of 
 
 the Northwest Territory, who was afterward 
 
 removed to Mound Cemetery; Mrs. Shepherd, 
 
 first wife of Col. Enoch Shepherd, and Mrs. 
 
 Clark, first wife of Major John Clark. In the 
 
 Autumn of 1867 the remains of twenty-six 
 13 
 
persons were removed from the sunken 
 graves of the old burying ground to Oak 
 Grove Cemetery, and a granite monument 
 was erected to mark their last resting place. 
 General Varnum's remains were identified 
 by the brass buttons found in the grave, but 
 the others were entirely lacking in distin- 
 guishing marks. 
 
 During the Indian War in June, 1792, Gen- 
 eral Benjamin Tupper died and was buried 
 between Third and Fourth streets, opposite, 
 the Great Elevated Square. The site was 
 commanded by the cannon at Campus Mar- 
 tius, where most of the settlers lived during 
 the four years struggle with the Indians. A 
 description of the funeral, given by Mr. John 
 Heckewelder, who was visiting in Marietta 
 at the time, throws a vivid light on the man- 
 ners and customs of the little town which 
 then numbered less than three hundred 
 people. Mr. Heckewelder writes as follows: 
 
 "Gen. Tupper, who had died the day be- 
 fore, was buried on the 17th. In considera- 
 tion of the four different offices which he 
 held, first as General in the service of the 
 United States in the late war; secondly as 
 14 
 
member of ihe Cincinnati order; thirdly as 
 director of the Ohio Company; and fourthly 
 as master among the Freemasons; therefore, 
 because of these positions, great honors were 
 shown his remains at the funeral. I will 
 mention what was most remarkable to me. 
 After a company of soldiers had arrived with 
 drum and fife from Campus Martins, and all 
 the Freemasons had gathered, the latter en- 
 tered the house of the deceased where the 
 remains lay. They stayed for about half an 
 hour, during which time a guard had been 
 placed at the doors of the house. When 
 they came out they were furnished with 
 tools according to their different degrees. 
 They wore leather aprons, skillfully em- 
 broidered with red, blue or green ribbons 
 around the edge, and bearing the design of a 
 square and compass in the center. A few 
 wore only a clean white leather apron. Two 
 men with drawn swords placed themselves 
 on both sides of the door through which the 
 body was to be taken, and when at last it 
 was brought forward and placed in the 
 square, the Masons gathered around it and 
 those with swords stood between it and the 
 people, so that none could draw too near. 
 There was a lid with hinges at the head of 
 the coffin which could be opened. On the 
 coffin were laid: first, an open Bible with 
 square and compass; second, a costly sword 
 in a black sheath, lined with red velvet; 
 third, four black boxes, about ten inches 
 square; fourth, green bushes or asparagus 
 greens. On the four boxes, two at the head 
 15 
 
and two at the feet, his four written com- 
 missions were laid. Some of the Masons 
 wore red, others blue ribbons fastened at 
 the breast. Two of them stood with long, 
 round, beautifully carved wands in their 
 hands, to which a blue ribbon was fastened 
 at the top. Two others held finely carved 
 candlesticks, two and a half feet long, con- 
 taining white wax candles, at least two inches 
 in diameter. All these arrangements having 
 been completed, the clergyman, who was also 
 a Mason, offered up a prayer, of which how- 
 ever I could understand but little, as he spoke 
 in a very low tone. A very mournful dirge 
 was then sung, and the order of the proces- 
 sion called out. Hereupon the coffin was 
 closed and every Mason broke off a little 
 branch of the greens which lay upon it, and 
 stuck it in his coat. The Bible, with the 
 square and compass, the pocketbook, the four 
 black boxes with the papers resting on them, 
 and the sword, were now carefully lifted up, 
 and carried by as many men as were neces- 
 sary, and also the coffin, which had been 
 covered by a large white cloth. The soldiers 
 who had stood in double rank from the gates 
 during the whole of the ceremony with 
 stacked bayonets were now in part stationed 
 by their corporal where the procession 
 passed. After the other part had performed 
 various evolutions before their officer, the 
 drums were muffled and covered with a 
 black cloth, and at a given signal they 
 marched off, while a funeral inarch was be- 
 ing played. The Masons who had not been 
 16 
 
occupied with the care of the remains 
 marched behind them, hand in hand, two and 
 two. These were followed by those carrying 
 hammers, measuring lathes, the two round 
 wands, columns, etc., and finally came the 
 clergyman, and behind him a man carrying 
 the open Bible with both hands, and four 
 men, each carrying a black box. The coffin 
 now followed. On each side of the coffin 
 stood a Mason, the Master walking beside it, 
 and the mourners behind him. As they 
 neared the grave, the soldiers who stood in 
 double file approached it, went through a 
 military drill and then retired. Hereupon 
 the Masons drew near to the grave, and after 
 a given signal knelt down around it. The 
 clergyman then said: 'Lord! nowlettestthy 
 servant depart in peace,' etc. He pro- 
 nounced several passages from the Scriptures 
 applicable to the servants of God and closed 
 with the words: 'After labor rest is sweet.' 
 The Masons then arose and threw their 
 green twigs on the coffin, and the grave was 
 immediately filled up. The guards of the 
 different stations were now relieved, and all 
 returned in the former order, the Masons re- 
 assembled in the house for the closing exer- 
 cises." 
 
 Years afterward the remains of General 
 Tupper were removed to Mound Cemetery 
 and laid beside his son, Major Anselm Tup- 
 per, who died in 1808. Two plain marble 
 
 slabs mark their graves. 
 17 
 
Major Tupper was probably the youngest 
 hero of the Revolution, for soon after the 
 battle of Lexington, when not twelve years 
 old, he enlisted in the regiment of which his 
 father was Major. With true military spirit 
 he bore the trials and perils of war, and 
 when he was promoted the document em- 
 bodying the recommendation was indorsed 
 by General Washington. At the close of the 
 Revolution Major Tupper was engaged as 
 surveyor with his father, who had been ap- 
 pointed by the Government to lay out the 
 lands in the territory northwest of the Ohio. 
 After the survey of the seven ranges was 
 completed, he returned to Massachusetts, 
 but in the spring of 1788 he recrossed the 
 Alleghanies as one of the forty-eight pioneers, 
 and became Marietta's first school teacher. 
 
 In 1793 the little settlement was again 
 
 scourged with smallpox, and a daughter of 
 
 Governor St. Clair, a son of Major Putnam, 
 
 William Moulton, one of the pioneers, and a 
 
 number of others were buried just above 
 
 Wooster street, west of the place where the 
 
 Presbyterian Church now stands. These, to- 
 18 
 
gether with two other interesting characters, 
 
 Matthew Kerr and Captain Josiah Rogers, 
 
 who were killed by the Indians in 1791, it is 
 
 said were reinterred in Mound Cemetery in 
 
 1839, but their graves were not marked. 
 
 Captain Rogers was an officer in General 
 
 Mogan's rifle corps at the taking of Burgoyne. 
 
 He was one of the original pioneers and 
 
 because of his bravery was employed as spy, 
 
 or ranger, during the Indian war at Campus 
 
 Martius, his duty being to range the country 
 
 between the Muskingum and Duck Greek, 
 
 making a tour of fifteen or twenty miles a 
 
 day. 
 
 When the Indian had buried his hatchet 
 
 the settlers returned to their homes, and the 
 
 little town resumed its accustomed activity. 
 
 Occasionally their busy, happy lives would 
 
 be saddened by the death of one of their 
 
 number, for they were bound together by no 
 
 common ties and seemed like one large 
 
 family. They continued to use the sand hill 
 
 on Wooster street for a burying ground, and 
 
 as late as 1849 some old tombstones could be 
 
 seen there. It was a dreary place, however, 
 19 
 
and when in 1800, some one made the happy- 
 suggestion that the Mound Square would be 
 an appropriate and beautiful spot for a cem- 
 etery, the idea was received with great favor. 
 
 When Congress sold the western land to 
 the Ohio Company, following the recom- 
 mendation of Dr. Cutler it granted perpetu- 
 ally Section 29 in each township of the Ohio 
 Company's purchase for the support of re- 
 ligion. In 1800 the territorial Legislature ap- 
 pointed Ministerial Trustees, whose duty it 
 was to take charge of the funds which 
 accumulated from the taxation on the land 
 set apart for this purpose, and as Mound 
 Square lay in this section it came under their 
 control. 
 
 Rufus Putnam, who, it will be remembered, 
 
 had leased the Mound Square in 1791 for 
 
 twelve years, at once ceded it to the town, 
 
 and in consequence of such cession the 
 
 Trustees granted the square to the town to 
 
 be improved as a burying ground. No formal 
 
 action was taken, however, until May 3d, 
 
 1803, when, according to the records of the 
 
 Ministerial Trustees, it was resolved "that 
 20 
 
M 
 
 «sia 
 
 M 
 
 
 PPK 
 
 n 
 
 .'-."'Memory oJ Col. ^f 
 ROBERT TAYLOR 
 
 ;' Who -nePirteD This 
 '' Lue Sep 3o'^ fgo/^ 
 in the. (,^'/-ed r of 
 
 S'-. : - kts a%e ••'• ■?! 
 
 Being Tk*. First interment 
 
 I, ! 
 
Mound Square be reserved for the following 
 purposes, viz.: a part thereof for erecting 
 public buildings thereon and the remainder 
 for a public burying place to be laid off by 
 the direction of the Trustees." But nearly 
 two years before that time the first burial 
 had taken place, that of Colonel Robert 
 Taylor, a soldier of the War of the Revolution, 
 who died Sept. 30th, 1801. 
 
 In the spring of 1811 the citizens, wishing 
 to make the title good, directed the Council 
 in a town meeting to make application to 
 the Ministerial Trustees for a permanent 
 lease of Mound Square as a public burying 
 ground. Accordingly on the 7th day of May 
 the Board resolved that Mound Square be 
 reserved to the town of Marietta for the pur- 
 poses above mentioned, free of rent for 
 ninety-nine years, renewable forever. 
 
 Thanks to the good sense of our fore- 
 fathers, the first clause of the resolution of 
 1803 came to naught, though at one time it 
 seemed likely to be acted upon. This was in 
 1822, when the proper location for the new 
 
 Court House, recently destroyed to give place 
 21 
 
to a more modern structure, was creating 
 
 much discussion. On March 27th of that 
 
 year, the citizens, by order of the Town 
 
 Council, voted upon the following resolution: 
 
 "Resolved, by the Town of Marietta, in 
 town-meeting assembled, that the town do 
 appropriate so much of the west side of the 
 Mound Square as will be adequate to the 
 quantity of land at present owned and occu- 
 pied by the county at and near the present 
 Court House, for the purpose of erecting the 
 County buildings thereon." 
 
 There were 75 votes cast for the resolution 
 and 116 against it. 
 
 In 1804 the little town mourned the loss of 
 three of its most influential citizens, Colonel 
 William Stacey, Griffin Greene and the Rev. 
 Daniel Story. At the beginning of the 
 Revolution, Colonel Stacey was a first 
 lieutenant in the militia of New Salem, Mass. 
 When the news of the battle of Lexington 
 reached the town, the excited people rushed 
 to the village green and there awaited 
 anxiously the action of the militia officers. 
 
 As the Captain seemed disinclined to 
 
 express his opinion, the gallant Stacey 
 
 stepped out of the line, and, declaring that 
 22 
 
he would no longer serve a king who 
 murdered his countrymen, he drew his 
 commission from his pocket and tore it into 
 a hundred pieces. This fervid patriotism 
 was greeted by aloud huzza. The old com- 
 pany was summarily disbanded and a new 
 company marched off to Cambridge with 
 Stacey as its Captain. 
 
 In 1778, when he had risen by his merits 
 to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was 
 captured by the Indians, who, under Walter 
 Butler, ravaged the settlement in Cherry 
 Valley, N. Y. After a weary march of two 
 hundred miles he was tied to the stake, the 
 fire was kindled, and he was saved from this 
 dreadful death at the last minute by catching 
 the eye of Joseph Brant, the noted Indian 
 Chief, whom he knew to be a Free Mason, 
 and making to him the well known sign of 
 the fraternity. Influenced by Brant the 
 Indians released their victim but kept him a 
 prisoner for four years. 
 
 Colonel Stacey came with his family to 
 
 Marietta in 1789, and was an honored and 
 
 respected citizen. His burial place in Mound 
 23 
 
Cemetery is not known, for the record of the 
 interments made in the early days is very 
 incomplete, and many of the tombstones 
 have gone to partial or total destruction, so 
 far as the inscriptions are concerned. 
 
 Griffin Greene was a native of little Rhode 
 Island. When hostilities began between the 
 colonies and the mother country, he at once 
 enlisted in one of the troops of his state. 
 For this he was cast out of the synagogue of 
 the Quakers at the same time with his cousin, 
 General Nathaniel Greene, and never re- 
 turned to them again. Mr. Greene was a 
 man of remarkable intelligence, and was 
 noted for his polished manners. When he 
 came to Marietta in 1788 he brought with 
 him a collection of valuable books, which 
 proved a great boon to the frontier village. 
 He was a Master Mason and one of the mem- 
 bers of the Marietta Lodge, known as the 
 American Union Lodge No. 1, which was a 
 reorganization of a lodge formed during the 
 Revolution by some officers of the Connecti- 
 cut line. He was buried by this order in 
 
 June, 1804, with great ceremony. 
 24 
 
On December 30th of the same year the 
 Rev. Daniel Story was carried to Mound 
 Cemetery by loving friends, who appre- 
 ciated the sacrifices he had made for their 
 sake. On the monument erected by his 
 relatives in Massachusetts seventy-four years 
 after his death are the words, "He was the 
 first minister of Christ who came to labor 
 in the vast field known as the Northwest 
 Territory, excepting the Moravian Mission- 
 aries." Mr. Story's life was not an easy one, 
 for his pastoral charge included besides 
 Marietta, the settlements which were spring- 
 ing up on the two rivers. In a little log 
 canoe, he paddled down the Ohio to Belpre, 
 or ascended the beautiful Muskingum twenty 
 miles to Waterford, where the people, gath- 
 ered in the shade of a fine old elm, heard 
 him gladly. 
 
 Sunday in Marietta an hundred years ago 
 
 was pre-eminently a day of worship. Our 
 
 forefathers, in whose veins ran the blood of 
 
 the Puritans, considered it a privilege to be 
 
 able to attend divine service three times a 
 
 day, and thought a sermon of two hours none 
 25 
 
too long. To prepare sermons for such an 
 audience as gathered in the northeast block- 
 house of Campus Martius was no small task, 
 for many of the men who sat on the hard, 
 wooden benches were graduates of Harvard 
 or Dartmouth, and had listened to the most 
 eminent preachers of the day. However, 
 Mr. Story gave universal satisfaction, and it 
 is said that his sermons were practical and 
 scholarly and fully equal to those of the best 
 preachers of New England. 
 
 A few months after Mr. Story's death, in 
 February, 1805, the same friends marched 
 again to Mound Cemetery and laid to rest 
 Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, of the Massachu- 
 setts line. Colonel Sproat was the first 
 sheriff of Washington County and opened 
 the first court ever held in the territory, 
 which, according to Dr. Hildreth, was an 
 august spectacle, conducted with great dignity 
 and decorum. Colonel Sproat preceded by 
 a military escort marched with his drawn 
 sword and wand of office at the head of the 
 judges, governor, secretary, &o, to the block- 
 house of Campus Martius, where the court 
 26 
 
was held. The Indians, watching the little 
 procession wend its way up the Muskingum, 
 admired greatly the commanding figure of 
 Colonel Sproat, who, being six feet, four 
 inches high, towered head and shoulders 
 above his companions. They always called 
 him hereafter Hetuck, or Big Buckeye, and 
 thus originated the title now applied to the 
 natives of Ohio. 
 
 The next hero of the Revolution to be 
 buried near the mound was Lieutenant 
 Joseph Lincoln, one of the "forty-eight im- 
 mortals." On an old fashioned tomb of 
 sandstone in letters almost illegible can be 
 traced these words : 
 
 Here 
 Are interred the remains of 
 
 Joseph Lincoln 
 
 A native of Gloucester, Mass. 
 
 Who departed this life 
 
 Sept. 21st, 1807 
 
 In the 47th year of his age. 
 
 In 1811 Major Ezra Putnam, the oldest of 
 
 the pioneers, passed away. He was a soldier 
 
 in the French and Indian War and was one 
 27 
 
of the officers in command of the provincial 
 troops at the taking of Cape Breton in 1758. 
 
 A year later, General Joseph Buell, an- 
 other of the Pioneer settlers, found here his 
 last resting place. He was Sergeant in the 
 U. S. Army in 1785, and arrived at Fort 
 Harmar on the eighth of May of the follow- 
 ing year. He took an active part in the 
 affairs of the new territory and was made 
 State Senator in 1803, Associate Judge in 1804 
 and Major General of Militia in 1805, which 
 position he held until his death. 
 
 Not far from the graves of these old soldiers 
 stands a plain granite monument which 
 bears this simple inscription : 
 
 Gen. Rufus Putnam, 
 
 A Revolutionary Officer 
 
 And the leader of the 
 
 Colony which made the 
 
 First settlement in the 
 
 Territory of the Northwest. 
 
 Born April 9, 1738 
 
 Died May 4, 1824. 
 
 General Putnam's whole life is expressed 
 28 
 
SpP>p'' 
 
in that one word, "Leader," for he was truly 
 a leader of men. On the battle field, in the 
 arduous enterprise of founding a colony in 
 the wilderness, in the political life of the 
 new state, in the civil aud religious life of 
 the little community where he dwelt, his was 
 the mind that directed, his the hand that led. 
 Well has he been called "The Father of 
 Ohio!" May her sons ever honor his 
 memory. 
 
 Not far away from his old comrade-in- 
 arms lies brave Comodore Whipple, to whom 
 the honor is given of firing the first naval 
 gun in the cause of American Independence. 
 Commodore Whipple gave not only his ser- 
 vices to his country, but thousands of dollars 
 which were never repaid. "It is presumed 
 that no other one amongst the military or 
 naval commanders of the Revolution ex- 
 pended as much for the men under their 
 care, with the exception of that extraordinary 
 and good man, the Marquis LaFayette." On 
 the white marble monument erected in his 
 memory by Mr. Nahum Ward can be read 
 
 these words : 
 
 29 
 
Sacred 
 
 to the memory of 
 
 COMMODORE ABRAHAM WHIPPLE 
 
 whose name, skill and courage 
 
 WILL EVER REMAIN THE PRIDE AND BOAST OF 
 HIS COUNTRY. 
 
 In the late Revolution he was the 
 
 first on the sea to hurl defiance at 
 
 proud Britain, 
 
 gallantly leading the way to arrest from 
 
 the Mistress of the ocean, her scepter, 
 
 AND THERE TO WAVE THE STAR-SPANGLED 
 BANNER. 
 
 He also conducted to the sea the first 
 square-rigged vessel ever built on the Ohio 
 
 OPENING TO COMMERCE 
 RESOURCES BEYOND CALCULATION. 
 
 Another naval officer who "dared to hurl 
 defiance at proud Britain" is buried in this 
 interesting old place. A brown stone slab 
 which rests about three feet above the ground 
 on six stone pillars bears the following epi- 
 taph, in which an old error is evidently 
 corrected : 
 
 In memory of 
 
 Capt. Nathan Saltanstall 
 
 1727-1807 
 
 Was first Commandant of Fort Trumble. 
 
 During the Revolution 
 
 He commanded the Warren Frigate 
 
 and ship Putnam; but was not 
 
 Commodore of the fleet burned at Penobscot, 
 
 30 
 
West of Captain Saltanstall lies another 
 soldier of the Revolution, Colonel Ichabod 
 Nye, who cast in his lot with the little colony 
 in the summer of 1788. 
 
 The curious observer learns from his 
 tombstone that 
 
 He was the head of one of the first families 
 
 which came from New England 
 
 to Marietta where he continued to 
 
 reside until his death, 
 
 November 27, 1840. 
 
 At which time he had been longer 
 
 resident at the head of a family than 
 
 any other person in Ohio. 
 
 Colonel Nye had ever the good of the town 
 at heart. He was intensely interested in 
 preserving the ancient works and in 1837 
 called the attention of the citizens to the 
 "Big Mound," which had been badly neg- 
 lected for some years. The sextons had 
 used the grounds as pasture for their sheep 
 and the tracks made had been washed into 
 great holes by the rains. Through Colonel 
 Nye's efforts over $400 was raised and the 
 needed improvements made in the following 
 
 year. Stone steps were placed on the north 
 31 
 
side of the Mound, which was restored to its 
 original shape and protected by a railing at 
 the summit. 
 
 In 1869 the remains of Captain Josiah 
 Monroe, of the Revolutionary Army, who 
 died in 1801, were removed from the first 
 burial ground to Mound Cemetery. Captain 
 Monroe was a member of the Ohio Company, 
 and Marietta's second Postmaster. 
 
 Five other Revolutionary soldiers lie 
 buried around the beautiful Mound, not so 
 noted perhaps as those above mentioned but 
 all worthy of our deepest gratitude. Andrew 
 McCallister is one of these, who died in 1816, 
 in the 75th year of his age. In an unmarked 
 grave lies Ephraim Foster, who came to 
 Marietta in 1800; and died in 1824. His army 
 service began with the battle of Lexington, 
 at which time he was twenty-five years old. 
 He marched to Quebec with Arnold, fought 
 in the famous battle of Brandywine, suf- 
 fered at Valley Forge, and was finally dis- 
 abled at the battle of Monmouth, in 1778. 
 
 "A Patriot of the Revolution" and "Soldier 
 
 of the Revolution" are the simple inscriptions 
 32 
 
on the stones which mark the graves of Capt. 
 Stanton Prentiss and Nathaniel Dodge, trib- 
 utes to their memory as expressive as a long 
 list of glorious deeds would be. On a quaint 
 little slab erected in memory of John Green, 
 who died in 1832, is this quaint little stanza, 
 which tells of a life well spent : 
 
 "A soldier from his youth, first in the cause 
 That freed our country from a tyrant's laws, 
 And then through manhood to his latest breath, 
 In the best cause which triumphs over death." 
 
 Here, too, lie soldiers of the "War of 1812, 
 for the little town of Marietta though in an 
 isolated position heard her country's call, and 
 sent forth her sons gladly to the conflict. 
 Among them are Colonel John Thorniley, 
 Major "William Hart, Major John Clark, Cap- 
 tain Timothy Buell, Jason Curtis, Joseph L. 
 Reckard, Sen., Wyllis Hall, Jasher Taylor, 
 Stephen Daniels. Harry Cogswell, Robert 
 Wells, and Major Alexander Hill, who "re- 
 cruited a company of infantry in Washington 
 County for the U. S. Service and was person- 
 ally in command of the company when 
 actively engaged in repelling the night attack 
 
 of the British at Fort Erie in August, 1814." 
 33 
 
His tomb, which contains the above informa- 
 tion, also states that he made the coffin for 
 the first interment in the cemetery in 1801. 
 
 Soldiers of the Mexican War sleep in this 
 hallowed spot, and on Decoration Day the 
 ground is dotted with little flag's which mark 
 the graves of the brave men who died to pre- 
 serve the Union. Under a tall marble mon- 
 ument with the insignia, a broken sword left 
 in full relief, rests one of these heroes, Col- 
 onel Jesse Hildebrand, who at the beginning 
 of the Civil War was General of the Ohio 
 Militia. Although over sixty years of age he 
 raised the Seventy-seventh Ohio Regiment, 
 of which he was commissioned colonel. He 
 commanded the brigade at Shiloh which re- 
 ceived the first attack of the enemy, and his 
 conduct on this occasion was so gallant that 
 General Sherman declared him to be "the 
 bravest man he ever knew." 
 
 In his youth Colonel Hildebrand was a 
 
 playmate of Governor Jack Brough, whose 
 
 parents are buried in Mound Cemetery. 
 
 John Brough, it is said, came to America with 
 
 Blennerhassett, and was a well known 
 34 
 
figure in Marietta. He kept a tavern in the 
 old Court House, and there in 1811 Ohio's 
 famous War Governor was born. 
 
 Side by side with the defenders of our na- 
 tion lie men who in times of peace gave 
 strength and character not only to their little 
 village but to the great state of Ohio. A 
 large sandstone monument is erected in 
 memory of one of these patriots, Return 
 Jonathan Meigs, third Governor of Ohio. 
 He was a son of Colonel Return Jonathan 
 Meigs, a famous officer of the Revolution, 
 who commanded the third division in Ben- 
 edict Arnold's terrible expedition to Quebec. 
 It may not be amiss to give here the history 
 of the name which was made illustrious by 
 father and son. "At Middletown, Conn., 
 just about one hundred and sixty years ago, 
 Jonathan Meigs, a young man, was dismissed 
 by his lady love, and more than once was 
 this done. At last, when he was going away, 
 looking back with the saddest of tears in his 
 eyes, her heart relented, and in a soft voice 
 came, 'Return Jonathan.' Hence their first 
 
 born, Return Jonathan Meigs." 
 35 
 
Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., at the age of 
 twenty-three came to Marietta in 1788, and 
 from that time was one of her most honored 
 citizens. He was Governor during the "War 
 of 1812 and held more offices than any other 
 man who ever lived in Washington County. 
 On his tomb is the following inscription : 
 
 Here lies 
 
 The body of His Excellency 
 
 Return Jonathan Meigs, 
 
 Who was born at Middletown, Conn., Nov. 
 
 1765, 
 
 And died at Marietta, March 29, 1825. 
 
 For many years his time and talents were 
 
 Devoted to the services of his country. 
 
 He successively filled the distinguished places 
 
 of Judge of the Territory Northwest of 
 the Ohio, Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 
 State of Ohio, 
 
 Senator in the Congress of the United States, 
 
 Governor of the State of Ohio, and 
 
 Postmaster General of the United States. 
 
 To the honored and revered memory of 
 
 An ardent Patriot, 
 
 A practical Statesman, 
 
 An enlightened Scholar 
 
 A dutiful Son, 
 
 An indulgent Father, 
 
 An affectionate Husband, 
 
 This monument is erected by his mourning 
 
 widow, Sophia Meigs. 
 
 36 
 

 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 
 c:i t 
 
 ."l 
 
 .1 
 
 .;* 
 
 fc. t 
 
This beautiful tribute to Gov. Meigs was 
 written by his friend, Dr. John Cotton, who 
 sleeps near him in this White City of the 
 dead. Dr. Cotton was a worthy descendant 
 of the famous John Cotton, the "Father of 
 Boston." He came to Marietta in 1815 and 
 for more than thirty years was one of her 
 most successful physicians. 
 
 He was a man of fine education, having 
 graduated with honor from Harvard College, 
 and he used his knowledge for the benefit of 
 the community, often lecturing in public and 
 ever trying to stimulate the cause of educa- 
 tion. When Marietta College was incorpor- 
 ated, in 1835, he was one of the original 
 trustees, and for many years presiding offi- 
 cer of the board. In 1824 he represented 
 Washington County in the Legislature, and 
 was elected by that body an Associate Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, which ap- 
 pointment was renewed from time to time 
 until his death in 1847. 
 
 Long before Dr. Cotton passed away the 
 town was bereft of its two pioneer physicians, 
 Dr. Jabez True and Dr. Nathan Mcintosh, 
 37 
 
who both died of the prevailing epidemic 
 fever of 1823. 
 
 Arriving at Marietta early in the summer 
 of 1788, Dr. True built a little log office 
 for his books and medicine a short 
 distance from the bank of the Muskingum, 
 and began his arduous work. It was many 
 years after the settlement of the Ohio Com- 
 pany before roads were opened, but that did 
 not prevent Dr. True from going on his er- 
 rands of mercy. He was always ready to 
 hear the call of the distressed, and would 
 swim his horse across the streams, and fol- 
 low the old Indian trails marked out by blazes 
 on the trees, often at the peril of his life. 
 Gentle, sympathetic, and generous, he was 
 called the "Gaius" of Marietta by his loving 
 friends, who ever cherished his memory. 
 
 Dr. Mcintosh came West in 1790. He was 
 surgeon at the Waterf ord garrison during the 
 Indian War, and at its close located in Mari- 
 etta, where his obliging manner and skill as 
 a physician won him a large practice. 
 
 Another physician rests in this old ceme- 
 tery to whom we cannot be sufficiently grate- 
 38 
 
ful. Dr. Samuel Prescot Hildreth came from 
 his home in Massachusetts to Marietta on 
 horseback in 1806. He was a successful 
 physician, an investigator and writer upon 
 scientific subjects, but his fame rests chiefly 
 on the two works entitled "Pioneer History" 
 and "The Lives of the Early Settlers of 
 Ohio." He collected the material for these 
 volumes from old manuscripts and the lips 
 of the few surviving pioneers, and by so do- 
 ing preserved a great deal of important his- 
 tory and many valuable anecdotes, which 
 otherwise would have been lost. 
 
 It is impossible to record in this sketch 
 even the names of all the noble men who 
 have passed away after years of usefulness, 
 and are now sleeping in this old burial 
 ground, but a few more of the oldest inhabi- 
 tants must be mentioned because of the 
 prominent part they took in everything 
 which pertained to the welfare of Marieta. 
 
 South of the path which leads to the 
 
 mound from Fifth Street rest three well 
 
 known ministers of the early days; the Rev. 
 
 Hiram Gear, of the Baptist denomination, 
 39 
 
and the Rev. Samuel P. Robbins and Dr. 
 Thomas Wickes, the second and fourth pas- 
 tors of the First Congregational Church. It 
 was during Mr. Robbins' pastorate, in 1809, 
 that the First Religious Society built and 
 dedicated its meeting-house, which soon be- 
 came known as the Two-Horned Church. 
 
 In this part of the cemetery may also be 
 found the graves of two representatives of 
 the early press of Marietta, Royal Prentiss 
 and Caleb Emerson. The former began his 
 newspaper career as apprentice in the office 
 of the Ohio Gazette and Virginia Herald, 
 which was published in the Stockade in 1801 
 by Wyllys Silliman and Elijah Bachus. This 
 paper was purchased in 1810 by Caleb Em- 
 erson, who changed its name to the Western 
 Spectator. Mr. Emerson was an attorney of 
 ability, a profound thinker and a graceful 
 writer. When John Quincy Adams stopped 
 at Marietta in 1843, it is said he found his 
 peer in the Marietta editor. 
 
 Somewhere in the shadow of the Great 
 
 Mound sleeps David Everett, who came to 
 
 Marietta in 1813 and was editor of The 
 40 
 
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 
 
American Friend, of which Timothy and 
 Daniel Hand Buell were proprietors. He 
 died in the same year, but the few months 
 passed in the little town gained for him many 
 friends who, we are told, "ever dwelt upon 
 his remembrance with melancholy sensa- 
 tions." Mr. Everett was a man of great lit- 
 erary ability and an author; but while his 
 essays on moral and economical topics have 
 long been forgotten, a few lines of a little 
 poem which he wrote for a small boy to 
 speak at a school exhibition more than one 
 hundred years ago, are often quoted, tho 
 their origin is seldom known. 
 
 "You'd scarce expect one of my age 
 
 To speak in public on the stage, 
 
 And if I chance to fall below 
 
 Demosthenes or Cicero 
 
 Don't view me with a critic's eye, 
 
 But pass my imperfections by. 
 
 Large streams from little fountains flow, 
 
 Tall oaks from little acorns grow." 
 
 Mr. Nahum Ward was a gentleman of the 
 old school. All who remember him speak of 
 his polished manners, his generous nature 
 and his great hospitality. He had the honor 
 of entertaining the Marquis de La Fayette 
 41 
 
in his home when that famous General was 
 traveling down the Ohio in 1825. He added 
 much to the beauty of our town by planting 
 many of the fine shade trees, and in 1857 he 
 built and endowed the Unitarian Church, 
 which still remains from an architectural 
 standpoint one of the finest bnildings we 
 possess. 
 
 Three generations of the Woodbridge fam- 
 ily are buried here. Judge Woodbridge, the 
 first merchant of the Great Northwest came 
 to Marietta early in 1789, and was for some 
 time a partner of the ill-starred Blennerhas- 
 sett. His son, Dudley Woodbridge, Jr., who 
 continued his business for more than fifty 
 years, sleeps beside him, and his grand-son, 
 George Morgan Woodbridge, "poet, philoso- 
 pher, statesman, orator, each in all and all in 
 each," passed away a few years ago, after 
 eighty-six years of active life. 
 
 A handsome granite monument marks the 
 grave of Colonel John Mills, who was a lead- 
 ing merchant of Marietta for more than half 
 a century. Colonel Mills did much for the 
 
 development and prosperity of his native 
 42 
 
city. He was one of the founders of Marietta 
 College, which was ever dear to his heart, 
 and profited largely by his generosity. "His 
 integrity was never questioned. He was a 
 Christian without guile, a citizen without an 
 enemy, a man honored and universally be- 
 loved. He lived to a great old age, a life 
 which like a summer day grew more and 
 more beautiful until it was hid from human 
 sight by the deepening glories of the sunset." 
 
 Here are the graves of Col. Ichabod Nye's 
 sons, Arius and Anselm Tupper, who were 
 born in Campus Martius in the last decade of 
 the eighteenth century. Growing to man- 
 hood and then to old age in the little town 
 which gave them birth, they were esteemed 
 by all for their strength of character, well 
 stored minds and honest hearts. They were 
 both much interested in religion, and the 
 Episcopal Church of Marietta owes its being 
 to the influence of Mr. Arius Nye. 
 
 Of all the men who rest in this old burial 
 
 ground, no one is more worthy of mention 
 
 than Israel Ward Andrews who came to 
 
 Marietta in 1838, and for fifty years gave his 
 43 
 
life and thought, his work and sympathy to 
 the College. President Andrews possessed 
 a strong personality and left a deep impres- 
 sion upon the character of many generations 
 of Marietta students. 
 
 Much that is interesting could be written 
 concerning Deacon Adams, Isaac Berry, Sala 
 Bosworth and his son Daniel, Lucius Brig- 
 ham, Captain Burch, Daniel Hand Buell, Par- 
 don Cooke, Jonathan Cram and his sons, Ol- 
 iver and Jacob, William Curtis, James Dunn, 
 Ephraim Emerson, the Apostle of Temper- 
 ance, Luther Edgerton, "William Fay, Owen 
 Franks, Capt. Daniel Greene, Benjamin Guit- 
 teau, J. E. Hall, Deacon Hart, John Lewis, 
 John Marshall, Samuel Maxwell, Dr. Jonas 
 Moore, E. W. Nye who was born in Campus 
 Martius, Daniel Protsman, Deacon Putnam, 
 Theodore Scott, Charles and Samuel Ship- 
 man, David Skinner, Louis Soyez, Col. Au- 
 gustus Stone who when a pioneer lad stood 
 watch on the Mound, Weston Thomas, 
 Thomas Vinton, William Warren, Judge 
 Whittlesey, Noah Wilson and Philip Worth- 
 
 ington. 
 
 44 
 
Their names though now seldom heard, 
 are remembered with reverence by the old 
 citizens of Marietta, who realize how much 
 the present generation owes to their lives of 
 service. 
 
 Many quaint old epitaphs can here be 
 found, often faulty in rhyme, but always ex- 
 pressing the sentiments so characteristic of 
 our forefathers, — a realization of the short- 
 ness of life and a firm faith in the Unseen. 
 
 Their keen sense of responsibility is shown 
 by the following lines which are inscribed 
 on a number of tombstones. 
 
 "Behold and see as you pass by, 
 As you are now so once was I. 
 As I am now so you shall be, 
 Prepare for death and follow me." 
 
 "All you that to this stone draw near 
 To be informed who's interred here 
 If rich or poor think soon you must 
 Like us be summoned to the dust." 
 
 In its early days Mound Cemetery was far 
 
 removed from the noise and bustle of the 
 
 little village, but the years have brought 
 
 many changes, and the once sequestered spot 
 
 now lies in the very heart of the city. The 
 45 
 
hum of the electric car disturbs its calm re- 
 pose, and the merry voices of school children 
 as they pass to and fro echo round the beau- 
 tiful mound. But its gates seldom open to 
 admit the silent procession of mourners, for 
 the streets of this City of the Dead have 
 been thickly settled for many years. 
 
 46 
 
NORTH OF MOUND 
 
 EAST SIDE 
 
 1 Colonel Robert Taylor 
 
 2 General Joseph Buell 
 
 3 Major Ezra Putnam 
 
 4 General Rufus Putnam 
 
 5 Ephraim Foster* 
 
 6 Andrew McAllister 
 
 7 Griffin Greene* 
 
 8 Rev. Daniel Story 
 
 9 Colonel Ebenezer Sproat 
 
 10 Commodore Abraham Whipple 
 
 11 General Benjamin Tupper 
 
 12 Major Anselm Tupper 
 
 WEST SIDE 
 
 13 Lieutenant Robert Lincoln 
 
 14 Major Alexander Hill (1812) 
 
 15 Captain Saltanstall 
 
 16 Nathaniel Dodge 
 
 17 Governor Meigs 
 
 18 Colonel Ichabod Nye 
 
 SOUTH OF MOUND 
 
 19 Captain Stanton Prentiss 
 
 20 John Green 
 
 21 Captain Josiah Monroe 
 
 Graves of Colonel Stacey and Captain Rogers 
 unknown 
 *Not marked 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 751 290 9 
 
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