^' c- ■ss'^ .0- .'^ rk. O, * x^-' -^^. ^.r- .^\^ '^/ '- -^^^ <^^ ,0 o %■ .^^' s^-^. ,^^ ,^ \^ ^ ■/'/ . ^ ,0- ,A^^ ^' ^ iwr'^-^ o - 0' o. * s I A " .s:^ ■> y s \' , V A •?=', .A^- ^'■■^ "^ \ /% ..^.^. v^% ^ .. .: .^'^^ '^ 0- X O. s\^ .^ X' '^C- ■ .N^' \ •^ v^ x^'-. ^^ .N^^- ^. -^ s, ' . ^A V \ s^ O,. 1 ^V .P -^ '. ^' .^> .>^ %. \"1 i> \ V s ■> > ^- .0 o :/ s-,"^- x^-' V\ % '^'^ ■\ ! ^0 o -^^ %^ -y 'bo'^ ^''r. * 8 I \ \ ^^ -n*:. '// '^^ -^^ " '., '> ,-S^ ^. -X^ A #^ n1 MITED STATES BOSDS OR DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY: jl J'o'currLaZ of CzLrrerht E^ercts DURING AN IMPRISONMENT OF FIFTEEN MONTHS, AT FORT DELAWARE, BY ISAAC W. K. HANDY, D. D., OF AUGUSTA COUNTY, VA. ' Remember my Bonds." — Paul. Hir BALTIMOEE : TUENBULL BEOTHEES. 1874. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 187i, - BY TUENBULL BKOTHERS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. DEDICATE D TO MY EXCELLENT FRIBKD, Eev. B. H. McCown, D.D., OF JBFFBB80N C0T7NTT, KKNTTTOKT, TO WHOSE GENEROUS SYMPATHY, I WAS INDEBTED, FOR ALL THE READY CASH, WHICH CAME INTO MY HANDS DURING MY IMPRISONMENT; AND WnOSK TAKIKD BENBPACTIONB WKEB A Source of Timely and Grateful Relief, TJHTIL MT FINAL BKLBA8B FBOM THB SUEFEEINGS AT FORT DELAWARE. (3) "In perils by mine own countrymen ; — in perils among false brethren." —II Cor. xi: 23. "What have I offended against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison ? "— Jeb. xxxyli : 18. (4) PREFACE. This Is a private journal. It was not originally intended for publication. It was written to preserve the memory of events, chiefly for my own satisfaction, and the information of my children. In reviewing the memoranda, I. find a number of things which will be interesting to my parishioners, both of the past and the present, and to many other personal friends ; and some things, also, may be acceptable to the public. My object in printing is neither j^ecuniary, nor ostentatious ; but, sinaply, to gratify inquirers who can have no access to the manuscript, and to give permanency to what many do not wish to be lost. I have no doubt the book will fall into the hands of critics. Some will object to the historical statements, and the revelation of facts ; others would like a more thrilling, or imaginative style ; and strangers will feel no interest in the family allusions and frequent reference to self; and especially will they censure the "want of taste" which gives publicity to private ejaculations. For such readers the work is not in- tended. My friends (hundreds of whom were fellow-sufferers in "the pen") will be particularly interested in these personal items; and they would regard the journal as essentially de- fective without them. (5) VI PEEFACB. Besides these items of a more private character, the book is a faithful j^ortraiture of prison life; and with the exception of a few scattered days (of which the notes have been lost), and some omissions during a period of sickness and confusion in the months of December and January, the record is unbroken, presenting whatever came under the observation of the Author, or was reported to him at the time. There has been no eye to effect; no purpose to be subserved in making matters worse than they were ; every thing has been stated with a scrupulous regard to truth; and nothing has been set down in prejudice or malice. The safety of the manuscript is due to the preserving care of my wife, who received it in numbers, by such " under- ground" opportunities as were constantly afforded. When it became too voluruiuous to be carried upon her person, it was safely deposited in the earth, and was not exhumed until after the war. AVhatever may have been the feelings of the past, the Author utterly disavows the remotest desire to continue the strife. He has always been ready to submit to the rulings of Providence ; and now that the controversy has been decided, he accepts the situation, and can cordially say, " The Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice." I. W. K. H. Oakley Manse, Augusta Co., Va. January 1st, 1874, OOITTEKTS. I :— JUNE. 1863. Arduous Labors ; Trouble with the Yankees ; Pass from General Dix; No favors to any member of the Handy family ; Hon. \V. H. Pur- nell; Sympathy of Friends; Preparations for leaving Home; Maj. Bo'vey ; DifBculty about the Servants ; Yankee Soldiers ; Officers first to run; Faithful Sarah ; Movementsof the Confederate Army ; Evacuation of Suffolk ; Desolation, 17.— In Baltimore; Delightful Interview; On the Canal Boat; Old Homestead, 18. — Friends Calling ; Rev. Mr. Gaylord ; Table Conversation ; An Uncon- genial Spirit; Confederate Officer in Disguise; Col. W. Dulany; U. S. Flag ; A Warm Debate ; No Physic for Rebels ; You Must Preach, 19. — Old Parishioners ; Rather Offish; Forest Hall; Rumors of Arrest ; Newspaper Squib; Gen. Tyler ; No malice; Good out of Evil. ........ 1- II:- JULY. A Disagreeable Night; Capt. Ellison; Arrest; Bridgeville Station; St. George's; Delaware City; Gov. Cannon and Dr. Cahill; A Gentlemanly Official, 20.— Fort Delaware; Old Acctuaintances; Ogling the prisoner; Rev. E.J. Way; Dr. Fromberger; General Schoapf; No investigation of charges; Leniency of U. S. Govern- ment; A Fidgety Understrapper; Noisy Reprimand; Quarters; Mulatto Sentinel; Prisoners; Personal Introduction; Invitation to bunk in No. 6; Capt. Noah Rawley; Capt, W. F. Gordon; Harry Brogden ; Samuel Sterret; Col. Waring; Evening Worship; First night in prison, 21.— Filthy water; Inmates of No. 6; De- scription of the room; Grated Window; "Rebs" at Work; Recruits for the Federal Army; Mr. Pleasants Released; Rough and hard table; Club Formed; Ashamed of his loaf; Eagerness for Worship; Tea Drinking in No. 2; Major Clary; Gambling, 22.— Better Water ; Excursion from Wilmington ; Gov. Cannon and Secretary Smlthers; News from Mrs. H. ; Vegetables; Dinner in No. 2; Philadelphia Inquirer; Eastern Shore Prisoners; Delaware Republican ; False Statements ; John Bunyan ; Stories (vii) Vni CONTENTS. ^ _, , , . FASK of Blockade-running, &c., 23.— Comfortable Bath; Writing; Visit to the Hospital; A. C. Belt; Ministerial Labors; White- hulled schooner; Firing of guns; Delightful Evening Service; No more cards; A Serenade, 2i. — Disappointment; No more Visitors; Plans for escape; Yankee Convicts; Ball and Chain; A Thorough Search ; Walking out under Guard; An Old Parishioner; Delaware Home Guards; Sickness; Filthy Cooking Rough Shave, 23.— First Sabbath in Prison ; Remembered by Friends ; Feast in the casemate; Prayer meeting; No Cards; A box of Clothing, 23.— Mosquitoes and Night-walkers; An alarming Dream ; Leaving of Confederate Officers ; Gags and Hand-cuffs; Confederate Chap- lains; Southern Surgeons; Disappointed Sightseers; Maj. Judd and the work of "Galvanism " ; Capt. Ahl; Prospect of Release, 27.— Midnight Alarm; A Prisoner shot; Excitement at the Barracks; Visit from a Friend; No release without " The Oath"; •' I would if I could " British Subjects; Religious Conversation, 28. — Busy Laborers; A third Meal, and a piece of Tobacco; Im- proved Deportment; Prison Habits; Vermin; An Experienced Naturalist ; Varied Charges ; A Motley Crowd ; A Tub and Basket ; Common Cause; "Underground Mail," 29. — Amusing Inscrip- . tions; Removal of Bunks Scrubbing; A Snug Casemate; Ex- change of Sick Men; Dr. McLean; Twenty Confederate Surgeons; Twenty minutes in the open air; A "Home Guard" acquain- tance; Thoughts about escape; A Philadelphia Newspaper, 30.— Rev. Dr. Brainerd; Dr. Woolsey ; An Exciting Interview; A Walk; Swimming; Suppressed Letters; "The Oath; " Pleasant Services, 31.— . . . . . . . • .10-41 III:— AUGUST. Alarm of Cholera ; Personal Statements; Removal of Gordon, Brogden- and Sterret to be Tried as Spies; A Good Bath; Delayed Stores; Unwilling Soldiers; Not Well, 1.— A Delaware Acquaintance; Public Worship; Deep Impression; Bible Reading; Night Ser- vice; Great Reform; Federal Soldiers, 2.— Hot Day; Prisoners Suffering; Gen. Schenck; Firing a Salute; Tingstrum Released; Federal Deceit; Brutality of the Enemy in Webster Co., Va. ; A Portsmouth Acquaintance, 3.— Heat and Mosquitoes; Hungry Prisoners; Scrambling for Bread; "Don't Take the Oath; " Com- pany Q; Destruction of Vermin; New York Herald; Concealed Lettei ; Luxuries; Commissioner from Camp Chase; Religious luterest, 4.—X Comfortable Night; Talk with Messrs. Bright & Rawley; Unusual Thoughtfulness; Usual Walk; Chaplain Way; New Arrivals; Dutch Guard; PopularityofPostNo.il; Extended Remarks, 5.— Federal Thanksgiving; Visit of Delaware Politi- cians; Mr. Bright; B taken to the Hospital; Fifth Delaware Regiment; Escape of a "Convict;" An "Unconditional Union Man;" Dr. Fromberger Interdicted; Delaware and Maryland Men taking "The Oath;" An Earnest and Solemn Appeal, 6.— Dreadful Night; Serious Reflections ; Sixth Delaware Regiment; Disaffection; Excessive Heat ; Offensive Moat; Speech of Half au Hour, 7.— Dutch Guards; Closely Watched ; "Stand Firm;" Fear- ing a Shot; Lost Opportunity; A Case of Conscience, 8.— Beauti- CONTENTS. IX FAGB ful Sabbath ; Morning and Evening Services ; Prayer for Revival ; A Spotless Example; Conversation with a Bunk-mate, 9. -Lieuts. Philpot and Harwood ; Supplies; No Thanks to the Yankees; Housekeeping ; A Practical Joke ; Cases of Conscience, 10.— Heat and Mosquitoes; Dr. Stocker; Mr. Bright bids Farewell ; An Ani- mated Correspondence ; The Amende Honorable ; Patriotic to take " The Oath," 11,— A Fierce Dispute ; " Convict " Cavalry Company ; Ball and Chain ; Dutch Company under Capt. Reigart ; Scouring ; Capt. Jackson Elected Superintendent; A Cold Water Bath; Cash in a Pincushion; A "Smuggler" Released, 12.— Mysterious Mem- oranda; Mrs. Belt and Mrs. Ball; Escapes from the Barracks; "Verdant" Guards; Dr, Harris of Philadelpliia, 13.— Conversa- tions with tlae Sentinels; An Opportunity for Escape; "Rebs" on the Delaware ; Thank God for a Good Wife; Worship Omitted, 14.— Sick Day; Prisoners Drowned; Punishment for Attempted Escapes; Tennesseeans Tested in Regard to "The Oath;" 10,030 Prisoners on the Island, 15.— Delaware Conscripts Tired of the War; Preaching; A Well-spent Sabbath; Capt, J. W. Long; An Abortive Scheme; AGoodVentilation,16.— New Arrivals; Hiding at the Barracks; Mistaking the Man; A Comfortable Walk; A Precaution Against Escapes, 17. — Early Risers; Officers Leaving; Uniforming "The Oath-takers;" Ninety "Rebs" at Large; A Treacherous Sea Captain; Searching for Disguised Officers; De- layed and Rifled Stores; Influence of a Clean Shirt; All at Wor- ship; A Birthday, 18.— Better Weather; Strange Experience; Re- leased Politicals; Willingness to take " The Oath; " Questions of Duty, 19. — A Review ; No Confidence in the " Galvanized ; " Sixtli Delaware Regiment Threatening to Tlirow Down their Arms;. Preparations for Keeping the Fast; A Box from New Castle; A Betrayal, 20.— Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer; A Quiet and Solemn Day; Ejaculations; Death of Prof. Jos. S. Hubbard; A Hard Night, 21.— Cheering Letters; J. B. Alexander and G. W. Noe; A Basket of Provisions, 22.— Sufl"ocating Heat; The Purnell Legion; Walking Out; No Swimming; Serenading on the Sab- bath, 23.— Change in the Weather; Cleaning Up; At the Wash- tub^ Deserters Sent to Washington ; Thorn and Wright Released; A Disappointment; Capt. Jackson Removed to the Hospital; An Inebriate Friend, 21.— On the Bed; An Unexpected Summons; Parole of the Island ; Visit to the Hospital; An Aged Penitent; Discussing a Pound Cake, 25.— Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs; Survey- ing the Pea Patch; Grapes and Pears; A Gray-haired Convert Confederate Physicians; Erroneous Newspaper Statement; Dr. Marshall; Much Sickness and Great Scarcity of Medicines; 1,000 CoffinsinTwo Months; Small-pox; The Sick Neglected; AN. Caro- lina Patient Robbed; Col. Waring Forbidden to Hear the Word; Miss Julia JeflTerson; improved Attendance at Worship; "Fresh Fish !" A Mysterious Character ; Good News from Loved Ones, 26.— Capt. Jackson Sinking ; Son of a Preacher in a SuflTering Condition ; Walk to the Old Barracks; An Englishman on the Wrong Side; Dirt and Disease; Haifa Dozen Portsmouth Boys; Shirts and Drawers from Mrs. Rankin; Forty cents a Day for the Working "Rebs"; An Extra Meal and a Piece of Tobacco; Short Rations; Sons of the Rich Shabby and Dirty; Confederate Money; f20 for $1 ; Prison Jewelry ; " Galvanized " Infantry ; Good Things from X CONTENTS. PAGE Mrs. Vandegrift, 27.— Escapes and Firing ; Officers' Wives Ordered Away; Gen. Schoepf Visits Wilmington; At tlie Hospitals; Box, &c. , from Miss Julia Jefferson, 28.— Hope of Release ; " Do You know that Handwriting, Sir?"; At the General's Office; No Harm Done; Masonic Religion; A Dying Message; Scarcity of Blankets; Accidental Discharge of a Musket; A Sick Acquaintance, 29. — Confederate Soldier Shot; Escape of "Convicts;" Death of Capt. Jackson; Funeral Sermon; Sudden Call; Interview with Gen. Tyler and Don Piatt; Courteousness of Gen. Schoepf; Departure of Capt. Rawley ; Young Simmons of Baltimore ; Oi'der in Re- gard to the Lights, 30. — Difficulty in Fixing the Mind; Visit to the Hospitals; An Interesting Case; Delirium --nd Suffering; Dr. Arnott and Good Nourishment; A Petition from the Barracks; A Privilege Denied; Chaplain Paddock ; Risking the Bad for the Sake of the Good, 31.— 41—102 IV :— SEPTEMBEE. Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs ; Irksomenessof Prison Life; •'! just want to pat your good head "; Eagerness to hear the Truth, 1. — Ingress of "Convicts"; Offensive Moat; Catfish and Eels; Wier and Richards; Trying for Exchange; A Confederate iSIajor; Good News from the Southern Navy, 2.— Writing; A Nephew of Rev. Dr. A. Alexander, Sr. ; A Prison Entertainment; Peaches at the Hospital; A Roman Catholic dying in Christ ; Eating Cantaloupe Rinds; New Arrival; Sickness among the Politicals; Two men Poisoned, 3.— A Pleasant Letter; Readiness of Sick Men to hear the Gospel ; A Change of Quarters ; Continued Scarcity of Medi- cines; In-doors at 6 P. M. ; ThePurnellLegion, 4.— Rev. Mr. Frier- son and Lieut. Hand; A dying Marylander; Writing to friends, 5.— Mr. Frierson Preaches in the Hall; Quiet Sabbath; Night Service, C. — An Unpleasant interview ; Death of Brown ; Suffer- ing at the Hospitals; Dying for the waut of food; A Good Sama- ritan, 7— A personal privilege useful to others; Sutler's Shop; Fond of Lager; Religious Conversation; Coupling the Conyicts; Constant noise from- the ball and chain; Cruel Punishments; "Uncle Jimmy" Irate; News from the South, 8.— Excitement in regard to Exchange; Good Results; The Ring Business; A Mechanical Genius; A Novel Sight, 9.— Dead bodies for the Jersey Shore; A Funeral Service; Courtesy of the Federal Chap- lains; Mrs. Smith and Gen. Schcepf; A Feeling of Gloom; Two Large Baskets; Improved Singing, 10.— Twelve coffins on the Wharf; Confederate Surgeons assigned to new quarters; A severe scold; Imbibing Freely; Arrangement for Preaching; Reasons for "Galvanism"; Second-hand Clothing; Lincoln's Autograph, 11.— Fourteen Coffins; Henry W. Long; Delaware right for the South; A true friend of the South; Average of burials twelve per day; Gorging with Catfish; A Rake on the Island; Arrest of hostages for Capt. Ball and Mr. Belt; Dr. Fromberger Required to Remain on the Island, 12.— Varying the Character of the Sermons ; Hor- rible Clanking of Irons; Sabbatli Improvement; Anti-Profane Society; Sexton and Chorister, 13.— Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs; Twelve Coffins and Sixteen Deaths; Barefooted and Ragged; Vessel Load of Corn ; " Fresh Fish ! " Thwarted by the Sportsmen; CONTENTS. XI PAGE Fight among the Surgeons; Bayoneting the "Rebs"; Letters, 14.— Eighteen Coffins and a Funeral Service; Provision and Clothing from Miss J. Jeflferson ; Officers from the Barraclis ; Large Attendance at Prayers, 15.— A Detacliment of Officers Leaving; Theft of Watch and Cliain ; A PatrioticMother ; A Horrible Spec- tacle; Robt. F. Daughtry and Arthur W. Harvey; A Boy-hero of Fifteen Battles; A Mulatto Servant at large on the Island ; Prepa- rations for Church-building; Appointment at the Naval School; Cliange of Quarters; A Vote Taken, 16.— Tracts; Memorizing a, Hymn; Methodist Preacher among the Convicts; Cavilling at the Truth; Improved Moral lone; Sicl^ness Abating, 17.— Wind, Rain and Escapes; Interview with the Chaplains; High Tide, 18.— Damp and Cold Weather; Steamer New York; Hunger, Cold, Sickness and Death; Dr. W. M. Cleaver; An "Unconditional Union Woman"; Watching the Mail; Private "Views not to be Expressed in Letters; Cunningham Seeking Discussion witli the Prisoners, 19.— A Farewell Look ; Exchange of 750 Prisoners ; Morn- ing and Evening Services; A Repentant Official; Twenty-Six Bodies taken to Jersey for Burial, 20.— The Major Reybold with a "Galvanized " Crew ; Not to be Trusted ; Fearful Mortality ; Perish- ing from Cold; Want of Proper Food and Attention; Terrible Stateof Things at the Hospitals and Barracks; Guilt Somewhere; A Maryland Youth; Putting up the Stoves; Abortive Effort to Secure a Pass, 21.— Row among the Surgeons; A Remonstrance; Urgent Call from a Sick Man; Col. Waring; Texas Prisoner Pre- paring to "Galvanize"; Encouraging News from the South; Four- teen Deaths and Twenty-six Cases of Small-Pox, 22.— A Doubting Christian; Permission to Visit the Hospitals; No Politics in Sixty Sermons; Rev. Mr. Frierson; An Altercation; Sickness; Battle of Sabine Pass, 23. — Work at tlie Hospitals; Interesting Cases; "I am afraid I'm fooled"; Eev. Mr. Stanley and Family; An Aged Prisoner Receives a Caution; Lager Beer in Demand; Sutler's Checks; Samuel Cleaver; Nalsed Bodies in Piles at "The Dead House," 24. — Afraid of Small-Pox; Dr. Woolsey; A Polite Inquiry ; Good Tidings; The Stool of Repentance; Anxiety, 25.— Removal to Point Lookout; Flanking; "Hack out! Hack out, there!"; In- tolerable Treatment of Prisoners; A Ragged "Reb" with plenty of money; J. McD. Alexander; "Pass Dr. H. at will," 26.— Walk to the Hospital with Mr. Frierson; Rev. Dr. Hall; Labors; The Work Stopped; Dr. Smith and Vaccination; A Desultory Dis- course; Dr. Goode,.27.— A Dull Day; Work in Prison; A Copper- head, 28.— Low Spirits; Invitation from Ahl's Battery; An Un- dignified Affair ; Sent to the Cells ; Oyster House and Refectory, 29.— Rev. S. J. Baird, D. D.; Clothing the "Galvanized"; Steamer Nashville; Dr. Haynie; History in Rhyme; "Grape- Vine" Tele- graph, 30.— ... 102—153 V :— OCTOBER. Ladies in Trouble; A Wrathy Sentinel; A Heathenish Torture; "Rebs" in U. S. Service; Average of Deaths fifteen per day, 1.— Visitors Turned Bacli; A Steam Frigate ; Letters from the South ; Encour- agement; A Sermon to the "Galvanized," 2.— Trial of Capt. M — ; 1,000 N. C. Prisoners Ragged, Sick, and Wretched, 3.— Preaching XU CONTENTS. FAGB to the Confederate Surgeons; A Sermon of Dr. A. Alexander; Moved to Tears; Box of Clothing, &c. ; A Dead Irishman, 4.— No Card-Playing; Small-pox on the Increase; Suflfering at the Bar- racks; Unloading a Sloop, 5.— Connection Between a Cheerful Mind and a Right State of Body; Union of Presbyterians at the South; Escape of Two Men from tlie Burial Corps; From 500 to 1,000 Escapes ; A Cold-blooded Murder; No Investigation; Loose Sanitary Arrangements, (i.— Launch of a Boat; Newspapers from the Christian Commission; Present of a Bible, 7.— Unabated Sick- _ness; Dr. Foster; Dr, Silliman ; "Rebs" at Work; Company Q, Reel uited, 8. — Clothing Distributed; " Rebs" Scouring; Hospital still Full; Messrs. Hudson, Cantwell, and Worthington ; Sighing for "Sweet Home"; Unmarked Graves; Exchange of Cliaplains; A Present for the Prison Artists, 9.— An Indignant RebufT; Papers for Rev. Dr. Converse; (i.OOO Prisoners Perambulating the Pea Patch; Easy to take the Island; Political Prisoners from Sussex Co , Del., 10.— Preaching to the Surgeons; An Intelligent Congre- gation, 11. — Capt. Mulotowski; OfT for the Polls; Small-pox on the Increase; Stench from the Moat; Mrs. Reynolds and Mrs. Daughtry ; Sermon from an old Co-presbyter, 12.— Stir among the White-washers; A Night Attack; Loss of Parole; Arrival of a Transport; 1,000 Men exposed to the Small-pox on the eve of Em- barkation; OfT to the tune of "Dixie"; Filth in tlae Moat, 13.— A • Bad Night; Terrible Enemies; Uniforming Company Q,; An Amu- sing Spectacle; Old Hay refuses to take the Coat; Excitement among the Politicals; The Guard-house; Small-Pox in No. 6, H. — Weary Nights; A Barrel over the Head; Thumb-Screwing; Not a Soldier; A Yankee Cheat; A Funny Lyric; Parading the " Rebs"; The Milkman Degraded, 15.— My Little Desk; "Is that the Old Flag?"; An Escape Contemplated, 18.— No rest in the Bunks; Our Redoubtable Jailor; Memorial to Gen. Schcepf; Betting on the Election, 17.— Failure in Preaching; The Screw Pump; Sab- bath Desecration; Capt. Gibson and Lieut. Wailes; No more Meals in the Rooms, 18. — Monday Headache; Petition to Gen. Schcepf; Quarantine, 19.— Searching for Lost Money; A Personal Exception; No Exchanges; 1,000 Prisoners for Point Lookout, 20.— A Bottle of Whiskey; 137 Cases of Small-pox; "Rebs" Airing, 21.— Young Hackman ; "Over on Pea Patch Island"; Medicines for the Dispensary; Recruits for Company Q; Carrying the Log; Escape on a Coal Boat; Card-playing and Profanity, 22,— Death of the Chore-man; Spying Around the Rooms; A Canard; Supply of Necessaries; A Bouquet in Prison, 23.— Wearisome Life; Better off than Others; The Rebels to be Exterminated; A good Chaplain among the Yankees, 21.— A Solitary Professor of Religion ; Three Months' Service; Thumb-Screwing; An Ugly Fracas, 25.— Noble Efforts for Release; Old Friends; Reflections; Dancing, 2G. — Let- ters; Physicians Removed; A Great Excitement; Two Old " Tars," 27.— Present of a Greenback, 28.— Copying "The Old Flag"; A Message; Twenty Wounded Soldiers; 140 Small-Pox Cases, 29. — Purnell Legion at the Polls; Paying in Sutler's Tickets; A Re- quest Denied; No Release until after the Election, 30.— An Early Move; Affecting news from the Hospitals; 160 Small-Pox Cases; Temperance talk; Dr. Hitch and his Horn; Hope and Despon- dency, 31.— . . . ^ . . . . . . 153—196 CONTENTS. Xlll VI :— NOVEMBER. PAOK Want of Bed Clothing; Fifth Maryland Regiment, 1.— At the Wash-tub; Dr. Alexander McCown; Dr. Shepard; Restricting Privileges; A Game of Quoits; No Papers, 2.— A Boy Hung a la Sepoy; Airing without Luggage; Prisoners from the Pennsylvania Hospitals, 3.— Fifth Maryland Going to the Polls; Visit from an Inquirer; Offend- ers in Delaware to be Banished or Shot; A Confederate Surgeon's Prescription Dishonored ; Carpenters at Work, 1. — Rheumatism ; Lenient Guards; Small Notes Distributed; Visit from the Ex- change Officer; Ho.pe Awakened, 5. — Bunks Torn Down; War Upon the Insects; Exaggerated Statements concerning Yankee Sufferings at Richmond; Terrible Cruelty and Inhumanity at Fort Delaware; Visit from Gen. Schcepf ; Capt. Ahl and Dr. Silli- man; Kind Words from the Commandant; Failure of the New Mode of Vaccination ; A Martyr at Norfolk, 7.— Prisoners from Fort Norfolk, 8. — Help from Friends, 9.— No Stoves; Quoits; New Physicians; The Sick Suffering, 10.— A High Time; P. Hearn; Prison Artists; Temperance Talk; Respect for the Word, 11.— A Thieving Irishman ; Slaughter Bradford, 12.— A Disappointed Brother; Sickness on the Decline; A Good "Sell," 13.— A Parole Granted; Drumming Thieves around the Pea Patch, ll.—A Sab- bath without'Services; Visit from Surgeons Haynie and Ware; " The Dairyman's Daughter ; " " Rebs " Drowned in an Attempt to Escape; "Put out the Lights," 15.— Improved Health; Sewing and Writing; Conversation on the Subject of Predestinatioii ; " Rebs" in the Barrels, IC— Excitement about the Exodus of the Surgeons; Melaiuo-types; Dr. Newell in the Cells; Mr. Bradford Released on Parole; A Present; Gettysburg Prisoners; Doctors Robinson, Shepard and McCown, 17.— Surgeons Leaving; A Change of Quarters; No Privacy and a Cold Place; Slow Mails; Hope and Despondency; Correspondence between Messrs. Ould & Meredith; An Hour with Col. Waring; A Scene of Confusion; Joining Bed- ding; A New Mess; Foiling the Adversary, 18.— Snoring and Teeth-grating; Prison Employments; Escaping in Small-pox Coffins; Stars and Stripes at Half-mast; Death of Freedom at the Polls, 19.— RapidFlightof Time; Mrs. Benj. Caulk; Solitary Walks; A Striking Change; Midnight Gaming, 20.— A Rainy Day; Pleas- ant Interview with the Chaplains; Supply of Papers, Testaments, and Prayer Books; COO Sick Persons in the Hospitals, 21.— Inter- ruption at Worship; Taking the Oath to Escape the Field; Rough Words, 22.— Leaving for Johnson's Island; Ladies from Norfolk and Portsmouth; Watched by the Provost-Marshal; Atwood Released; Arrests at Norfolk by Negro Troops; Card-playing, with Noise and Confusion ; Disturbed Sleep, 23. — A Rainy Day spent in Writing; Discovery of Gray-backsr Yankees taking the Small- pox; Whistling and Song-singing, 24.— Hunting Boxes; Deten- tions and Thefts; Barberized; Intolerable Swearing; No Sleep, 25. — Assorting Clothing and Supplying the Needy ; Thanksgiving by the Yankees; Messrs. Rasin and De La Mar; Bad News from the South; Southern Deserters Taking the Oath, 2j. — On a Spree; Comparative Sufferings of Prisoner.«, North and South; Quarter- master's Clerk with Ball and Chain ; A Free Talk and Great Con- fusion. 27.— An Elegant Box from Smyrna, Del.; A Statement by XIV CONTENTS. PAGK Chaplain Way; Shakespearian Readings, 28.— Cursing and Black- guarding; Episcopal Service; Distribution of Papers and Tracts; Boys Frolicking; Studies, 29.— A Penitent; A Mendacious Trick; Hopelessness of Exchange; Suffering from Cold; A Traveller; Dancing to the Sound of the Bugle; An Old "Stager;" Cutting the Pigeon- wing; Cross Questions, 30.— .... 196—227 VII:— DECEMBER. Cold Night; A Petition to the Authorities; A Mock Court; Trial of Isaac Nelson; Reading matter from the Sanitary Commission; A Choir Organized; Lecture, Dance and Agricultural Discussion; Sleep for those who could get it, 1.— Inspection ; Stove and Wash- Kettle; Col. L , A Curious Case; The New Church Building; A Violin Introduced; Judge Kasiu and his Pigeon Wings; Lecture on the Bull-fighis of Spain; Bedlam after Taps; Music and Huzzas, 2.— Letters; Rev. G. W. Kennedy; The Misses Roberts; Feeing Lawyers to secure Release ; Lecture on Malta ; Old Acquain- tances, 3, — Interview with Gen. Schoepf; An order from the Secre- tary of War; The Sutler's Sycophancy; No Dancing nor Cards; Religious Service, 4.— Delawareans Cheered; Conversation with a Grandson of President Edwards; Embargo on the Boxes; A Mar- riage Present, 5. — An Anniversary; Reflections; Wife and Chil- dren, 6. — Arrest of "Cousin Campbell"; A Rich Scene; Two " Rebs "— " Rough and Ready " ; Hard Treatment at the Barracks; Lecture on Havana and the Tobacco-trade, 7. — A Box from Mrs. Rankin; A Request; A Suggestion; Repairs Still Neglected; Good Words from a Kentucky Minister; De La Mar on Paris— Its Sing- ing Girls and Police Regulations; Good Singing, 8.— Precautionary Measures; Great Depression; New Stove and Open Windows; Shakspearian Readings, 9. —Writing; Plans for Relief; President's Message; Lecture on Constantinople; Indecent Talk, 10.— The Yankees Skating; Prisonei's from Fort McHenry; Brogden not recognized; Capt. Gordon Condemned to be Shot; Hard Treat- ment; Animated Conversations, 11.— Baptism of a Sick Man by Chaplain Way ; Interesting Letters in the hands of Chaplain Pad- dock; 150 Cases of Small-Pox; Over 6u0 Sick Men ; A Slice of Mince Pie; Lecture and Services Suspended; Great Confusion, 12.— Ugly Dreams; High Tide, and Fear of Inundation ; Great Destruction of Rats; Preaching; A Wicked Intruder; Influence of Religious Reading; Episcopal Service; De La Mar on the Mohammedan Reli- gion; Restraints Removed, and Great Annoyance until after Mid- night, 13.— Forty-eight Years!; Reverence for the Aged ; A Private Talk; Troubled and Overcome; Letter to the Secretary of War; A Merry Freeman; A Christmas Present, H— A Horrible Dream; Comfort to the Distressed; Grymes and Brogden Meanly Degra- ded; Maj. Armsey rolling Barrels; Letters to Washington, 15.— The Amnesty Proclamation; Letter to the President; A Threat; Reasons for not taking the Oath; Col. Lester leaves; 1212 Deaths in Eight Months. - . . . . ... .227-250 VIII:--JANUARY. 18G4. Sick; A Suit of Clothes; Gen. Schoepf 's Indulgence; White-washers; A Maryland Club; Solemn Religious Services, 29.— A Bleak Day; CONTENTS. XV PAGE Intolerable Noise; Hell on Earth; Water In the Moat; Interposi- tion of Friends, 30.— An Interesting Change; Reading the religious Papers; Pleasant Day; Unbending after Service; Lieut. Russell remanded to the Barracks; An Ironclad in sight; Strange ofiicers on the Island, 31.— . . . . . . . . 250-253 IX:— FEBRUARY. A Padlock on the Door ; A Useless Parole; The Daily News ; Mrs. A.W. Emley; Gymnastics; Cardsand Back-gammon during Worship, 1. Continuation of Bad Weather; Communication from Gen. Lock- wood; Sad and Worried; Infidels; Reflections, 2. — Gay Scenes; Locked In; Southern News; Religious Services followed by Cards and Back-gammon, 3.— "Sash and Glass at Last;" A Fit for a FaistalT; Delayed Letters; Messrs. Richardson and Joice,4. — Fitful and Strange Commotions; A Double Disappointment; Pro- fessors of Religion taking a Peep; A Caution to Fellow Prisoners; Sickness in the Quarters, 5.— A Surfeit; Letter by Flag of Truce; Worship and Keuo, 6.— Inspection ; Sermons; Hopeful Indications ; A Noisy Romp, 7.— Visit from Mrs. H.; Letter from Gen. Lock- wood; Apprehensions; A Fight; New Flag on the Parapet; Sick-' ness; Stench from the Moat, 8.— A Day of Confusion; Orders to Move; Old Quarters; An Uninviting Prospect, 9. — "Break-bone" Fever; A Murder at Norfolk; Pardon (?) of Col. Waring, 10.— Shortly to be Released ; Moat frozen over, i 1. — Gov. Cannon Inter- posing; Departure of Col. Waring; Abortive Effort to Visit a Friend, 12.— Conversation on the Evidences of Christianity ; Dis- cussion in regard to Games, Dancing, etc. ; No more Messing in the Rooms; "Rebel Citizens" offering to take the Oath; Ram Atlanta en route to Philadelphia, 13.— Too cold in the Hall; A Re- View, 14.— Another Visit from Mrs. H.; Interposition of Republi- cans in Delaware; Sympathy of Friends at Portsmouth; Anxiety in regard to the Coming of the " Commission " ; Dr. Stone has the Confidence of the Prisoners; An Improved Larder; Bible Reading, etc., 15.— Comfortable Living in No. 6; No Thanks to "Unqle Sam"; Two"Rebs" escape; Declension at Worship; Pity for the Sufferers at the Barracks, 10.— "Long-looked for" come at Last; Judges Bond and King inquiring into Cases; The Author before the "Commission"; Rev. Dr. Bullock; An Implied Assu- rance; Apprehension of Misunderstanding, 17.— Intensely Cold; Suffering at the Barracks ; Returned Refugees; Discouragements; Suspense; Funds from Dr. McCown; Firmness necessary to the sum of Christian Character, 18.— Gen. M.Jeff. Thompson; "Getting the Hang of Things"; An Invitation to Dinner; A Startled Jew, 19.— Restless, Uneasy, Anxious; The Poor Boys at the Barracks; Death from Freezing; 500 Sick; Decrease of Small-pox; A Poetic General; Gen. Gantt, of Arkansas; Christian Example, £0.— Dis- gust; A Wretched Crowd; Satan gets the upper hand; Loquacity; Wonderful Tales; Skates, 21.— No notice of Washington's Birth- day; An Unpleasant Altercation; Ineffectual Sneers; Difficulties in regard to Medical Aid at Night; An Interesting Scrap-book, 22.— Walk with Gen. Thompson ; A Union Woman ; A Tender and Beautiful Letter; False Statements; Butler "Not so Bad after all"; A "Hide-bound Rebel"; No Tidings from the "Commission"; XVI CONTENTS. PAGK An order by Gen. Wild, at Norfolk, 23.— Dr. Stone busy; "Dr. Shanks" and lodiue; Capt. Numbers; A Social Chat; Jeff. Thomp- son a Ready Writer; Burke the Comedian, 24.— A Barber Shop; Strange Views; Wishing ha "liad never been born"; Dreadful Influence of the War; A Hoax, 2).— Suspense relieved; Names called; Happy Day; Detention; Good Resolutions; No Heart In theOath; 26.— Anxiety; Hunting Jewelry; Subjects of Discussion; Opinions of Gen. Thompson; A Free-thinker; An Accession to Company Q, 27. — Parole withdrawn; Three Cheers; Better Feel- ings; Conversation with M r,2S.— Letter by Flag of Truce; A Marriage; Candles until late, 29.— . ... .253-293 X :— MARCH. Snow; Better Health; Ordeal passed; A Summons; An Order from ^ Washington; "You had better take the Oath"; "Why did you write that Song? " ; A Remonstrance ; An Unpleasant Afternoon ; Reasonings of a Troubled Mind, 1.— Singular Views; "I wish I were a Christian"; Gen. Thompson vindicates tlie Author; Spies; Learned Nonsense; Leaven of Infidelity, 2 — Reign of Terror at Norfolk ; Rev. J. H. D. Wingfleld ; Rev. G. :M. Bain, and W. H. H. Hodge<^, Esq.; Jeff. Thompson's Autobiography; 500 Prisoners from Camp Chase, .3.— Deatli of a Brother; Grady; Gambling Con- fined to one Room; No Order in regard to Lights; A Place of Popular Resort; Extorting Money; Memoranda, 4 — The Old Enemy; Col. B. W. Duke; Gen. Morgan, and the Ohio Peniten- tiary; .Shaving and Scrubbing; As Few Prisoners as Possible; Captures on Private Account ; To be Released in Ten Days; Bois- terous Conversations, 5.— Rheumatism ; "Dr. Shanks;" Sabbath Desecration; Visit from Officials; Capture of Refugees; Boat- building at tlie Hospital, 6.— An Incendiary; Error, Scepticism, and Infidelity; No Fear of Death; Gen.Lockwood and Mr.Rasin; Iodine; "Dr. Shanks" and "Barber" Johnson, ".—Improved Health; The Wash-tub; Official " Backing and Filling; " An Ani- mated Debate; Altercation and Blows; Reading and Inquiry; Housekeeping by Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke; Bailey Peyton Key, 8.— New Order among the Sentinel.s; Other changes; Coffee and Soup "Up-stairs;" The Barracks or "the Oath;" Another Trouble; Grady Sick, 9.— Fifth Maryland Regiment; A Transport witli Sixty Prisoners; Interesting Letter from Prof. N. B.Webster; De La Mar Released; A Scripture Student, 10.— Morning Music; Steam Pump; Quiet Times; Grady Released; Encouragement; Falling off at Worship, 11. —Imprisonment of Kev. Dr. Armstrong; An Inquisition; A Cheering Visit; "Rebel" Officers visiting th Hospital; Many Eyes upon the Commandant; Shooting" Rebels; ' An Officious Letter Writer; Billy Baxley Halted, 12.— Fits and Salt Water ; A New Yorker with the South ; No Morning Service; Night Preacliing and Reading ; First Thunder of Spring, 13.— Duke and Thompson; Battles and Hairbreadth Escapes; Alike and Unlike; Enemies and Spies; Letter from the "Commission;" Annoyed and Depressed ; Letters by Flag of Truce, 14.— An Anx- ious and Unpleasant Day; Reflections; Letter to the "Commis- sion," 15.— Gen. Schcepf to be Removed ; The " Galvanized " Enlist- ing in the Navy ; Dr. A. R. Smith; Meals in the Rooms; Lines by CONTENTS. XVll Col. Duke, 16.— "St. Patri(ft^'s Day In the Morning;" Night tlie Time for Writing ; A Change ; Judge Goldsborough and Hon. J. F. Dent; A Box from Mrs. Caulk; Imposition upon Sympatliizers; A Good-for-nothing Fellow ; 500 Men from Camp Chase; Prepara- tions for the Reception of Officers from Johnson's Island; Jigs and Break-downs by the Dutch Battery; Good Tilings from Friends; A Turkey Dinner; l^arge Attendance at Prayers; A Good Resolution; Kerosene in No. 6; Employments, 17.— Late Rising in No. 6; Visitors; A Waggish Englishman; Jesse D. Sykes; Imprisonment for showing the Road; Swearing his way to Norfolk; Henry W.Long; Reprimand for Copperhead Letters; Col. Duke has a Visit from Bishop Wood; A Discussion; Erogden to be Exchanged; Resolutions in the Virginia Legislature; Box from Mrs. Caulk ; Prison-made Rings, 18 — Only Twenty- two Men in the Casemates ; Better Opportunities; Belts and Cartridge Boxes; Fair Weatherand MoreLiie; "All's Well," 19.— Crowdsof Visitors; Sabbath Desecration; No Seclusion; Night Services; A StiflF Official; Extorted Statements, 2\— Reflections; Close Confine- ment; A Cheerful View; Dignified Laborers; The Sergeant's Stick; Mrs. H. to Visit Baltimore, 21. — A Convalescent from the Hospital; Pneumonia; Skinned Kuucklgs; A Man Shot; Press- ing her Suit; Prisoners from Camp Chase; Irregularities of the Mail; Five Worshippers; A Storm Brewing, 22. — Cold Weather; Heat In-doors; The "Old Gorilla" Frightens his Orderly; A Doubtful Result; Brogden and Pearson; Stories of the Past, 23. — Abundant Supplies in No. 6; Routine of Living; Grateful to Friends; Mrs. Medora Thayer; A Splendid Overcoat for Col. Duke; David Copperfleld; Levee in NOo 6; The "Court" at the Point of the Bayonet, 21. — Dr. Stone and Vaccination; 600 Men Sick; "Johnnie Reb" takes " the Oath" and Leaves; A Friendly Discussion; A Cross for the Lady Superior; Religious Opinions of Gen. Thompson; A Subject of Interest; A Strange Position; Three Blank Cartridges; Walking Out; A Baltimore "Plug;" 400 " Convicts," 25. — Stormy and Disagreeable Day; No Music in the Prison; Major Hammond and "Annie Laurie;" Lucas and his Violin; The " Court " Aroused; A New Order from Cook "Josh;" Help from Dr. McCown, 26.— Weary Sabbaths; Killing Time; No Call for Preaching; Evading Worshiii; Temperance Talk; Gen. Thompson's Humor; An Honest Enquirer, 27. — Recruits from the Ohio Penitentiary; Changes In the Quarters; Four Kentuckians Prepare to "Galvanize;" False Statements by a Prison Spy; A Troubled Mind, 28.— The Insect Tribe; Snyder Imposes upon a Lady Friend and makes off with a Full Purse; Increased Watch- fulness; Another Spy; Tricks; The Favored Few ; Old Eolus, 29. — The Coal Supply Exhausted; Gen. Vance and Col. Dick Morgan; Vaccination; Bogus Sickness; A Scene of Gymnastics; Careless- ness of Cunningham; Miss M. N. Smith, 30.— No Coal; The Men in No. 1; A Large Steamer at Delaware City; Brogden's Health; * The Constant Few, 31.— 294-883 XI:— APRIL. "All Fools Day;" A Scene for a Hogarth; The Officers Interdicted; Lieut. Russell; A Drummond Light, 1.— " Commissary" Tibbets; (2) IVlll CONTENTS. PAGE Neat Housekeeping; The Galvanized Officers; The Autlior Be- trayed; A Parole; Pleasant Information; Occupation of Room- mates; Holding Firm at Haifa Dozen, 2. —An Order from Gen. Sclicepf; Parole from "Reveille to Retreat;" Preaching at the Barracks; Introductions; Seeking a Private Interview; Descrip- tion of "the Pen; " Details, 3. — Two Trips around the Island; Gen. R. B. Vance; An Escaped Convict; Ball land Chain Abolished; The Federal Chaplains; A Popular Light, 4.— Special Permits for the Paroled Officers; No Allusion to Political Sympathies; A Mistaken Colporteur; Indignities to Confedei'ate Officers in the Ohio Penitentiary ; The "Sweat Box;" Cruelties of Meriou; The Generals Hard at Work; A Contretemps; General Exchange; An- noyance of Political Prisoners; The True Witness; Wind and Rain; A Collision on the River, 5— Walk with Gen. Vance; Capt. Wright of Alabama; Col. James F. Brewer; Gen. Schojpf and the Paroled Officers ; New Orders; Carelessness in Regard to Boxes, 6.— "Fresli Fish!"; Haswell Magruder; Officers Desiring Religious Instruction; Watchfulness Increasing; Perambulating the Island,?.— A Pleasant Walk; Chat with Cols. Duke, Morgan and Tucker; A Happy Couple; Capt. Gibson; Maj. Steele; Col. Wilmer and "Judge" R«sin; Apprehension in Regard to the "Court;" Recruits for Company Q,; A Thorough Search; The "Parson of the Islands," 8. — Prisoners from Alton; Conversation about OldTimes, 9.— A Terrible Storm; A Literal Sentinel; Two Prisoners Shot; Visit to the Barracks; Preaching; Conversation with a Gambler; Conversion in the Ohio Penitentiary; Wishes to Study Theology ; Lieut. Andrews; Night Services; Major Lamar Fontaine; Imbibing tao Freely; An Address by Gen. Schojpf; Tibbcts Soliloquizes; Money Returned, 11. — Fine Day and Beauti- ful Landscape; Anniversary of the Fall of Fort Sumpter; Death of S. B. Davis; Announcement in Regard to Exchange; "Rebel" Generals in the Jewelry Business; Tlie "Galvanized" Officers; Serenading, 12.— Horrors of tlie Night ; Unworthy Chaplains at the South; CajH. Charleton Morgan; Col. Tucker; Quiet Quarters; Letter to Col. Purnell; Encouraging News from the South; Gold in New York, i:!.— Suicide; Gen, Morgan— in forty-eight battles, mostly successful; Smuggling Liquor; Want of Congenial Chris- tian Society; Unfavorable Influence of Prison Life; Discourage- ment, It. — A Hot Discussion; A Weighty Argument; Col. Ward; Lieuts. Thomas and Andrews on Parole; Revival in Delaware City; Maj. Hammond's Dream; M ij. Wright Safe, 15. — A Pass for Mrs. H. ; A Pleasant Interview; Jen. Scha>pf In Fine Humor; A Prison ATouni ; Poetry by Gen. Vance; Reign of King Alcohol ; Ig- norant and Unprincipled Men; A Bloody Fight; A Portsmouth Acquaintance at the Hospital, 10.— Taking a Sail ; Preaching at the Officers' Barracks; Mnj. Ferguson; Lieut. Bristed; Short Services in No. 2, 17. — .A. Great Treat- Keconnoltering the Pea Patcli; Mrs. Stanley; Massacre at Fort Pillow; Opinions Expressed, 18.— Ex- citing Day; Fight among the "Convicts ; " Showing Passes at the "Bull Pen;" Professors of Religion in "the Pen;" Employments; No Scarcity of Food but Miserable in Quality; Capt. W. R. White; Swimming the Delaware; Tibbets has a Day of Trouble; The Mail Carrier Discharged; Three Blockade Runners, 10. —Reflec- tions; Mrs. Reynolds of Portsmouth; Yankee Rule at Portsmouth CONTENTS. XIX PAGE and Norfolk; ]Miss McCarrick ; Wounded Prisoners from David's Island; Exchange of Convalescents; "Ought to be Hung;" "Mon- sieur Tonson Come Again," 20. — "Vit.it from Mrs. H ; No Release without taking "the Oath; " A Call; J.W.Boucher; Late Provost- Marshal Fish; Samuel H. Pairo; A Lady Ordered to Leave the Is- land ; Letter from C. H. Stanley, Esq., 21.— In " the Pen ; " Conversa- tion with a Sick OfBcer; Talk with Capt. Morgan ; A Mysterious Letter; DryTortugas; TJnrlesque Pay-day Scene; Tosner Leaves the Island, 22.— An Artist at the Fort ; Autograph Album ; Lieut. F. C. Moore; Maj. McCreary; Capt. Geo. W. Monro; Desiring to be a Minister; Excitement in the interior of the Fort; "Delaware "Volunteers;" Hungry "Rebels;" Catching a Crust; A "Judge" Hoaxed; Capt, And of Maryland, 23. — Preaching at the Barracks; Arrangement for the Sacrament; The Photograph I\Ian; Sabbath Amusements; Unflt for Work, 21.— Long Waiting; Deaths from Suspense; Capt. Long Released; Anecdote of a North Carolina Man; "Aunt Janie" Ordered Outsl;!; ; No Funerals for Several Days, 25.— Capt. Long; Breakfast at 11 A. M.; Round with Lieut. Andrews; The Meauingof the Word £'n/t;ac?e; Animosity between the Yankee Volunteers and the "Galvanized" Men; Stoppage of Liquor Supplies; A Malicious and Disgusting Book, 26. — "Visited the Barracks; Col. Welby Carter; Dinner with the Paroled Ofli- cers; Supplies from Yankeedom; Lieut. Tomlinson; Shooting a Negro Woman ; Theological Talk ; Losses of Boxes and Money, 27. —Col. Tucker of Kentuckj-; An Inquirer; The Bible and Mcll- vaine's Evidences of Christianity ; Good Results; Scbley's Regi- ment, and Negro Troops; Reported Fall of Newbern, N.C., 28.— Delightful Day; The Past and the Present; A Floating Target; Returned Photographs; Worship and Cards, 29.— General Inspec- tion; The Great Man of the Day; Capt. Mulolow.ski; An Honored Position; Half an Hour with the Sick; Remarkable Experience of a Young OfQcer; Bitter Feeling against the Author; Solemn and Impressive Worship, 30.— ...... 3jS-fl)5 XII :— MAY. Good Congregation at the Barracks; Notice for Lecture, Prayer-meet- ing, and Communion; Excitement; Frolicking Dutchmen, 1.— Early Rising; "Young's Night Thoughts;" "Visit from Mrs. II.; Pass to "Visit Mrs. Reynolds; " Rebs" Perambulating the Island; Mortality among the Church-builders; A Hoax; A General Melee; Unsuccessful Attempt of the Osceola, 2.— An Order for Release; Services at the Officers' Quarters; Insolence of the Guards, 4.— Brogden leaves the Fort; Changes among the Political Prisoners and the Paroled Officers; Beating a Retreat; A Kind Permission; Letter from a "Good Samaritan" Friend; Return of Capt. W. F. Gordon, Jr , 5.— Battles of the Night; Escapes; New Preaching Place; A Work of Grace Commenced; Return of "Bread cast upon the waters;" An Opportunity for Escape, 6— Stopping the Cracks ; Suspension Beds ; Two Sons of Judge WooUey of Ky., 7.— An Active and Interesting Day; Preaching; Enquirers; Commu- nionServices; Baptism and Profession ; Silent Prayer; Dedication Hymn,8.— The enemy not Subdued; An Innndati n; Removal cf Old Friends; Sickness; Capt. Hart Gibson ; The age of Mendacity, XI CONTENTS. PAQB 9.— Visit, to the Officers' Quarters; A "high old time"; Continued Awakening; The two "pens"; '■ Carrier Pigeons"; "A Hungry- Rebel"; The Rations to be Reduced; "Shutting Down"; News by the "Grapevine"; A Musljet Fired, 10.— Suspense and Confi- dence; An Advance on the Sentinels; Excitement in the "Pen "; Embargo; Maj. Halliburton Fired Upon; Col. Carter Interposes; Taken to the Guard Housf ; Apprehension of Outbreak; The Fort to be taken with Brickbats; Aleudacious Announcement in regard to Fort Darling; Capt. Noel, 11. — An Intimate and Pleasant Asso- ciate; A Spontaneous Lyric; A Contract Surgeon, 12.— Letters from Va.; Acrostics; Startling reports; A great game of Chess; Delightful Music, 13.— Great Bitterness; A Dose of Venom ; Loy- alty at Norfolk and Portsmouth; Evening Employments, 11. — " Everything Closed Ui<; " Removal to the Barracks; A Crowd of Henrers, 15.— Writing; Dining Apartment; Rations; A Treat from Maj. Bullock of Kentucky; Sutler's Store; lu Danger of Being Shot; Roll-calling; Letters Restricted to Half a Page, 16.— Another Change; Reinforcements; Major-General Edward Johnson and Brigadier-General George H.Stewart; Invitation to Dinner ; Meet- ing in 31; Capt. Buford A. Traej-; Interesting Details Concerning Gen. Morgan and the Ohio Penitentiary, 17 —Roll-call Omitted; Bible Reading among the Prisoners; Conversations with Back- sliders and Inquirers; Professors of Religion among the New- comers; Death of Capt. Noah J. Rawley; Interest in the Evening Service, 18. — Lowering Weather; Beds Covered with Dew; Prayer- meeting, 10.— Laus Deo ! ; Inquiry Meeting; Col. Davidson of North Carolina; Hymn-books; Barroom; Masons; Lyceum; Special Prayer-meeting; Athletic Sports; No Sentinels in "tlie pen;" Capt. Samforil, 20.— A Signal OlScer; Distribution of Blankets; Destitution of Clothing, 21.— Interesting Sabbath Services; Three Potatoes E.^tra at Dinner, 22.— Inquiring for Light; Religious Services, 21 — Faring Badlj^; SufTering for Clothing; Laboring Hard; Six Young Converts; Asking the Prayers of the Church; 600 Officers In the Barracks, 21.— Ilealtli Failing; Interrupted by the Masons; Preacliijag; Conversation and Prayer in the Dark; No Letters; Officers Relieved of Paroles; Asking Donations of Books, 23.— Floors covered with Mud and Water; Increased Inter est in the Prayer and Conference Meetings, 26.— Revival Progress- ing; Constantly Employed; An interesting Interview, 27.— Find- ing Peace at tlie Inquiry Meeting ; Conversations with the Awak ened; A Written Request; Small-pox in " the pen;" A Suspected Person; A Serious Bunk-mate, 2S.— Crowds at Preaching; Deep Feeling; A Bible Class of Ninety Officers; Braving the Influences of the Day, 23.— Remittance of Bibles, from Mrs. A. W. Emley of Philadelphia; Inquirers; Interesting Cases; Capt. Samford at Work, 30.— Visiting the Hospital under Guard; Masons; Five Colonels at the Conference Meeting; Disagreeable Quarters; Order to Clean Up, 31.— 405-435 XIII :— JUNE. Earnest Inquiry ; Conversion from reading Tract No. 339, of the A. Tr. Soc; Col. Nowell Cobb; Ijccture and Conversation; Gen. Iloff- mau visits," the pen," 1.—" What shall we do to be saved ? " ; Cou- CONTENTS. XXI PASS ference Meeting ; Lieut. Mackey; Labor in Speaking; Sustaining the Work; Sickness; Boxes, 3.— Confederate Generals hearing the Word; A Soldier in Tears; Col. Davant; Free Conversation and Exposition; Asking Prayers and Counsel, 5. — A Conversion; Col. Hardeman; "Up for Prayer"; Mud and Water; Short Rations; Fifth Maryland Leaves the Island; A Militia Regiment, 6.— The Masons; Lieut. McKemy; Capt. Thos. W. Harris; Wolf, in Dis- guise; Good News, 7. — Rev. Dr. Junkin; Opposition; A Good Dis- course; Looking for Fruit ; A Peculiar Case, 8. — Fasting, Humilia- tion and Prayer; Services during the Day; Sundry Cases, 9.— Sylvius O. Haudy; Not far from the Kingdom; An Interesting Question; A Pleasant Announcement; Miss Gunby, 10.— Found Peace; Capt. Angell and Lieut. W. M. Bulloch; Capts. Q. L. Roberts, Mayes and Shane; Revival Progressing; AskingAdvice; Ice-cream; Sutler's Checks; Delayed Letters; Money Gone; Cards and Music, 11. — Preaching in 31 ; Deeply Affected ; Bible Class ; An Abrupt Close; Music and Confusion; No More Ice-cream, 12. — Deep Concern; A Personal Experience ; Capt. Wm. R. White; Cooking on the Bank ; The Popular Beverage, 13.— New " Seekers ; " Dr. Junkin Again; Five o'clock Meeting; Crowds; "Coming Up;" Conversation; One Hundred Miles in Seventeen Days, 14. — Two New Cases; Capt. W. H. Bennett of Georgia; Officers at Work ; Letters from Dr. McCown and Mrs. H. ; Rev. Dr. Brecken- ridge and Rev. W. C. Handy, 15.— Officers from Fort McHenry ; A Deranged West-Pointer; Baggage Rifled; Rejoicing in Christ; Capt. John G. Knox; Lieut. J. F. Caldwell; Address to Young Converts; Inquiries concerning a Call to the Ministry; Books Coming; A Retaliatory Movement, 16.— Eighty Officers from Fort McHenry; Unfailing Interest; Masonic Hearers; Rations Grow- ing Worse; Leaving for the Hospital; Costly Cream, 17.— Army Converts; Deep Concern; A Special Conversation, 18.— Preaching; Bible Class; Profitable Exercises; Twenty-seven Converts, 19.— Eleven Months a Prisoner; Meditations; A Valuable Box; Dis- tribution of Bibles and Hymn Books; Prison Library; Packages of Clothing; The "Grab Game;" AMean Trick; An Unreasonable Prejudice; An Unconverted Church Member; Pleasant Services; Inquiries on the Subject of Baptism; A Good Sermon, 20.— Anxiety; Lieut. F. C.Moore; Lieut. Armistead; A Fearful Scrip- ture; Intercessory Prayer, 21.— An Acceptable Box; Poor Rations; Capt. H. L. W.J. ; Remarks; Mrs. J. B. Spotswood; Knotty Ques- tions; Seeking the Prayers of the Church, 22.— Sick; Meetings as Usual; Dr. Junkin Again; The "Old Roll-Book;" Continued Op- position; "Political Fallacies;" A Denial; Lame Officers; Maj. J. McC. Turner; Expected Recruits ; Letters; The Lord's Supper, 23. —Son of a Methodist Preacher; Death of Lieut. Wood; An Eligible Change; Another Move; Forty-five Field Officers; The Confed- erate Batteries at Charleston ; Lossof Active and Useful Men; Re- turned to the Barracks; Meeting Deferred, 24.— Removal to 34; Fixtures ; An Imposition ; Six Hundred and Fifty Men ; Capt. H. A. Allen and Lieut. Shannon; The Ordinances; Admission of Members; Call and Qualifications for the Ministry; Outside Move- ments, 25.— Remarkable and Interesting Sabbath; Large Congre- gation; Profession of Christ; An Interruption; Communion and Baptism; Brotherly Love ; Sons of Ministers ; Fatigue; Marshall- nil CONTENTS. Ingby Divisions ; OfBcers in close Confinement, 26.~Regulations in 34; Application for an Awning ; Platform for the Sentinels; Mr. Magruder in the Guard House; Speculating in Ice; Omitted Ser- vices, 27.— Ditch-water for Bathing; Family Worship; Remanded to the Fort; Rev. Dr. Breckenrldgt in "the pen"; Rev. W. C. Handy and Miij. Steele; Compliments; Capt, Mitchell shows his last ration; Promised Impiovement; Recruits from Indiana; Four Sentinels on the Platform ; A Placarded " Reb " ; M iss E. A. Pretty- man ; A Western Preacher; No fixed time for Taps; Lights Out, 25. — Difficulty of Ingress to the Dining Hall; Shorter Allowance, and no Knives, Forks or Spoons; Want of System in regard to the " Money Call" ; A srtrange character as Medical Umpire; Erection of Cupolas; An Unnoticed Letter; An Old Fashioned Baptist Preacher; Certificates of Church Membership; A Package from Rev. Dr. McCown, 29.— Leading in Family Woi;ship; Col. Harde- man and "Parson" Thomas; Booths, Shades and Stands; Lem- onade and Corn Beer; Keno-and Faro; Capt. J. G. A., 30.- . i35-46G XIV :— JULY. Morning Ablutions; Filthy Ditches; Barber Shop; Jewelry Establish- ment, &c. ; Conversations with Inquirers; Boxes from Newark, Del.; OfBcers relieved of their Pocket Knives, 1. — Escapes; Pre- caution; Books from Baltimore; Revival at Johnson's Island; Returned Surgeons ; Officers Counted, 2.— Searching the Barracks; Jammed at " the rear " ; Three Thousand Canteens; Services in three Divisions; Decline of the Revival Spirit; One Hundred Officers Studying tlie Bible; Out-door Service; Hundreds in At- tendance; Like Spirit in 31 ; Excessive Labors, 3.— "Independence Day"; Frolicking Yankee.'-; "Rebs" walking out of " the Pen"; The "Boys" wideawake; Lieut. G. W. Finley, 4.— Late Breakfast and scanty " Grub " ; Remarks by Sundry Officers ; Another Search; Three Hours in a Scorching Sun; Pocket-books and Watches; Money thrown away; Theological Class, 5.— Morning Service; A Photographer; Groups; Unfit for Pastoral Work; Fell In "the Stand"; Prisoners Sick, 6.— Exciting Day; Attempted Escapes; Insolent Guards; Confusion in the Rolls; A Bold Move- ment; Shooting of Col. E. P. Jones; Biographical Note; Removal of Capt. C. Morgan; Talking Prohibited, 7.— Bill Dauglas promoted; Unusual Watchfulness; Apprehension and Danger; Gen. Schcepf and Capt. Ahl in "the Pen"; The Guards Excused; Ahl orders the Firing; The General Embarrassed; The Awning; Services; Ten Dollars from a Friend; Embarj^o, 8.— Continued Watchful- ness; Walking upon tip-toe; Capt. Dunkle; Chaplain Paddock and Rev. Mr. Colton; A Hard Fatf ; Securing a Tid-bit ; Remorse- less Beggars; "Feet-washing"; Orders in glass frames; No al- lowance for Deafness or Misunderstanding, 9.— No Roll-call; Tan- talized with Short Allowance and spoiled Beef; Death of Col. Jones; Preaching in three Divisions; Large Numbers attending Bible Class; A New Trouble; A Treat from Capt. Samford, 10.— Spies in "the Pen"; Interesting Meeting; "Rebels" used as Horses; Resuming the Roll-call; Suspended Service, 11.— Re- turned Refugees; Escapes; Good Remarks; "Grape"; An Un- timely Arrangement ; Family Worship, 12.— Lieuts. Mitchell and CONTENTS. XXIU PAeK Bullitt on Prayer; Gordon and Devitt throwing Dirt; Report Con- firmed; Exciting News, 13.— Bed-ridden; Cruel Sanitary Arrange- ments; Maynadier; A worthy Son of a worthy Father, U.— Adding Testimony; A Curious Sight; Classical Studies; Encour- aging News from Petersburg, 15.— Suffering; Picked upon "the Long Rout"; Dreading the Hospital; A Warm Southern Man; Fall of Vicksburg, 16.— Capt. Samford holds out; Settling a Dis- pute; Sensible Remarks by Capt. Thomas; " Hearing and Asking Questions," 19,— Anniversary ; Review of the Past; Good Done; God's Providence; Lieut. James L. McKemy; A Characteristic Discourse; Imposition, 20.— Declining Health; Asking a Parole; Visit from Gen. Schcepf; Medical Advice; A Kind Friend; Ser- vices and Letters, 22.— Boxes; Timely Medicines; Capt. G. W. Lewis; Eighty Prisoners from "the Old Capilol"; Dr. J. M. Covert; "Parson " Thomas on " the Falling Stars," 23.— Visit from an Old Family Physician; Bible Class; An Interesting Discus- sion; Another Preacher-Captain; "No Power to grant Paroles," 24.— Travelling in Shirt and Drawers; Two Hundred Privates Escape; Capt. E tt of Mobile; Maj. George Shearer ; Disheart- ening Rumors; Postage, 25.— Thanking God for his Hopes ; Organ- ization of the Christian Association; Qood Things from Miss Baker of Baltimore; Chap. Robt. F. Evans, 26.— A Good Break- fast; Cozy Time; Rev. Messrs. Colton and Frazer of Ohio; Oil.cers of the Christian Association; Loan of Books; A Canca-d, 27.— Benefited; Bugle Call; The Episcopal Service; Box of Clothing from Mrs. Emley; A Change; Another Election ; Remittance from Dr. McCown, 2S.— Broken Down; First Regular Meeting of the Association; Standing Committees; Two Hundred Professors of Religion ; Capt. A. J. (?) Lewis Ordered to " Mark Time '" ; Prob- ability of Exchange, 30.— Too Feeble to Occupy the Stand ; Water- ing the Yard ; Fourteen Field Officers Removed to the Fort, 31.— 466-491 XV:-AUGUST. Intense Heat; Noisy Sentinels; Newspapers Suppressed; Lieut. Jos. B. Coffleld; Letters; Questions, 1.- A Hard Case; Capt. W. F. Robbins; Christian Association; Twenty-five Dollars forwarded to Mrs. Emley; News, 2.— Sentinels Vigilant ; Musket Firing; A Man Shot; Capture of a Dead Body with Canteens and Oil- cloths; Capt. Hamby; Lieut, M. K. Estes, 3.— Longing to be at Work ; Maj. Reed of Miss., 4.— Rev. INIr. Colton Again ; Mrs. Way ; A Hurried Call; Capt. Carter, 6. -New Arrangement of Bible Classes; Teachers; A "Dragging Effort;" Death of Capt. GrifHu; Private Shot; On a Spree, 7. — Confusion during the Night; A Man Killed; Grape; Exaggerations, &c ; Gangrened Arms; Short Rations and Little Water; Females Visiting the Island, 9.— Offi- cials in "the Pen;" Restricted Correspondence; Beer Standt;; Rebel Power at the Plow, 10.— Intolerable Heat and Thirst; No Ice for a Sick "Reb;" Appealing to tlie Chaplain; Want of Spirit in the Riligious Services, 11. — Exciting Report; Dullness; Exam- ining Candidates for Church Membership; Profession and Bap- tism; Tluj Right Hand of Fellowship, 12.— Commotion in "the Pen;" Call for Field-Offlcers; Crowds Separating; Reminded of the Judgment; Buoyancy; A Prophetic Dream; Busy Carts; XXIV CONTENTS. PAGK Longing for Ice; Improved Rations; Meeting Suspended, 13.— Cruel Denial; Filling the Ice House; No Move; Trembling; Tlie Preachers at Work, 11.— Suspense; In the Dark; A Good Mail; Mr. Culbertson; ^opes Aroused; Asking Prayer, 15 and 16.— Packing Books and Clothing; Scraps and Autographs; Insult from an Understrapper; No Access to the Commandant; Embar- rassments; Fraud or Improper Delay; No More Orders on the Sutler; More Spirited Services ; Forgetting to Pray for Inquirers ; A Kind Expression, 17. —Continued Suspens*^; Letter from Dr. H. M. Gamble; A Farther Donation; Capt. White and Capt. Tracy; Many Boxes; Want of Responsibility; Seventeen Days in the Guard House; W. F. Lee, 18.— "Slim Chance for 'Dixie,'" 19.— To Move at 12 o'clock; An Attempted Meeting; Confusion; Misun- derstanding; "Home Again;" Sad Adieus; Carters, Jolinsons, Lewises, &c.; Buying Excliange; A Lost Opportunity; Six Miles in Fourteen Days, 20. — Unfortunates; Services; Lieut. A. J. W. ; A Large Assembly; The Sutler's Sabbath, 21.— Vacating the Di- visions; Tibbets Routed; Box Call; My Old Kentucky Friend; "The Alexander McCown Library"; An Old Neighbor; Hostages from Leesburg ; Letter from Col. Purnell ; No Response ; One Hundred Dollars for the Awning; A Contrast, 22.— Bad Night; Waiting at the Gate; Supply of Bibles; Demand for the Word; Message from Gen. Schcepf; An Explanation; No Place for Meeting; Delinquent Post Master; A Terrible Fracas; Major Elliott Returns to tlie Barracks, 2.3.—Waiting in Hope; Order to Pack Up; The Pen at "the Rear;" A Hard Time; A Sudden Call; Cleaning Up; Dr. Edward Worrell; Another Convert; Sixth Mas- sachusetts Regiment, 21.— Hard Times Among the Privates; "A Gettysburg Prisoner; " Putting Up the Awning; A Grand Gath- ering; Mrs. Emley's Attentions; Capt. Woolfolk ; Indebtedness to a Mass. OflScer; Robbery; Miss L. F. Henry, 25.— A Blessing; W. H. Moury Shot; Christian Association at Work; An Artist, 26. — Much Concern; White- washing;; Restricted to Ten Lines; A Failure, 27.— A Stone Thrown ; Purpose Thwarted; Episcopal Ser- vice; "Judge" Rasin on the Outside; Kind Words from Lieut. C. C. Turner; A Poor Eflfort; A Heavy Reinforcement; Politicals Leaving; Missiles from the Barracks; Twenty-five Dollars from Dr. McCown, 28. — A Good Report; A Yankee Friend; Uncondi- tionally Released; Conversations, 30.— Gen. Vance Conducts the Service; Prof. L. Gounart; Capt. W. H. Stewart; Empty Beer Barrels; Recruits from Shepherdstown; Major Bullock, 31.— . 494-532 XVI:— SEPTEMBER. Adjt. F. A. Boyle; Rev. T. N. Williams; Complaint of Hunger; Abrupt Close; Lines by Gen. Vance, 1.— Visit from a Sentinel; Officers at Work; Restlessness among the Yankees; Restrictions, 2.— Anx- iety in Regard to Exchangp; Expedients; No Sleep for the Sick and Nervous; Christian Association; An Unkind Prohibition; Change of Hour; A Rapid Business; Class in The Evidences of Christianity; Visit from a Friend; Arrangements for Escape, 3.— A Gloomy Sabbath ; Sermon by Chaplain Williams ; Encouraged ; Interruptions; Failed to Get Off; Pleasant Conference, 4.— Rainy CONTENTS. XXV PAGE Night; A Sentinel at the Sally-Porf ; Truelty Made More Cruel; Nailing Up the Openings; IVie Philadelphia Inquirer; Despon- dency; Longing to be Free; Faith Sorely Tried; "The Pen " Full of Water, 5. — Blowing Cold and Wild; Great Discomfort; Appre- hensions; Mr. Dougherty of Pennsylvania; Maj. Mill-; Capts. Stewart and Brown, and Lieut. Bailey ; Expedients for Cooking; A Full Stop to the Meetings; Busy Writers; Narrative of Revival; Letters from Mr. Culbertson and Others; Death of Gen. Morgan, 6. — Continued Rain ; Starting the Class; A Sabbatli School of Bible Classes; " Giiape " in Regard to Atlanta, 7.— Overflow of the Ditches; Under the Awning, A Committte of Examination; Brave Soldiers!; Lieut. Harder; Confession and Baptism, 8. — A Rarity; A Favorite Subject; Death and Elopement; A Tar Heel on " The Grape " Line, 9. — The Guard House for a Basin of Water; A Monstrosity of Filth; Recruits from Loudon and Fauquier; Gen. Asa Rogers, Rev. O. A. Kinsolving, and Rev. Geo. W. Harris; An Animated Debate; Committeeon Education ; Secular Studies; Literary and Scientiflc Lecture- ; Instructing Inquirers; A Public Confession; Deceived by the Government; Bad Rations, but Better for Ouce; Amusing, but Affecting; Giving Way to Others; Prayer for the President of the Confederate States; Rev. Mr. Harris at Work ; Sweft Communion ; The Sabbath School Inaug- urated, 11.— Sunrise Meeting; Uncomfortable Quarters; A Low, Rough Set; An Impressive Flight; A Successful Interview; An Unauthenticated Story; Heavy Clothing; More ' Grape," 12. — Christian Association; Gen. Vance on Prayer; Crusty Sentinels; Capt. Alex. Boarman ; Illness of a Wife; Out for Enrollment, 13. — Change in the Weather; Morning Walk; Wounded Officers; Meetings; Calls; Maj. Rlcliardson of V''irgini:i, 14.— Call for Chap- lains and Surgeons; A Peremptory Refusal; Threatened with the Cells; Hatred and Vituperation; Capt. Moore of Georgia ; A Fare- well Sermon; Another Convert, 15.— steamer New York; Saving the Shirts; Exchange of Negroes; An Interesting Class; Impres- sive Remarks; Murders in Miss uii; Tlie "Two Seed Baptists," IC— Out of Doors ; The Sportsmen; Voteof Thanks to Mrs. Emley; Trying to Feel Patient; A Pleasant Letter; Back to the Cells; A " Fresh Fish ; " Personal from James River, 17.— Respectful Atten- tion; Beautiful Sight; A Zealous Episcopalian; No Privacy; Mr. Harris in 24, 18.— Grand Old Hymns; "Will the Heathen be Saved?"; Suspense Relieved; An Injured Man; Noise and Ex- citement; Mutually Comforte>l ; A More Pleasant Berth, 19.— Weary and Anxious Hours; Doctrine of a Particular Providence; Daily Record; Utility of the A wninj;; Unusual Solemnity ; Capt. N. A.Sturdivant; Law of Development; AJolIyCrowd; Petroleum Lamp; "Luck ' to the Author; Recruits from Carroll Prison; Depressing News, 20 — Mnj.-Gen. J. B. Gordon ; Gen. Jolin Morgan; A Newspaper Flourish ; '"We Shall Soon See; " Timely Cautions; Seriousness; Meaning Well; Order Revoked; Destruction of Letters; Encouraging ''Grap( ; " The "Six Hundred" at the South, 21.— "Visiting the Menagerie;" Answering an Inquiry; Thanks for Times of Refreshing; Boasting of Victory; The Bubble to Burst; The Sutler Replenishes; Piling away tlie "Greenbacks ;" Progressing Wei!; A Personnl, 2'2.— Nightmare; Dr. Hayni( ; Friends Calling; Noise and Confusion; Popularity of tUe Gamb' XXVI CONTENTS. PAGK liug Tabk ; No System in Regard to Mails; Official Spreeing, 23.— Gen. Vance Presiding; Gaming; Adjt. Thomas; Timely Warning; No Complete Catalogue of Sins in the Bible; "The Lot Cast into the Lap," &v. ; A False Announcement; Sheridan's Victory; One Hundred Guu.s; Uproar and Confusion, 24.— Unfavorable Morn- ing; Ministeis Occupied.; A Sense of Failure; Invited to Dine; A Bad Conscience; Clothing with Restrictions; Bible Studies; Solitaire, 23. — One Hundred and Fifty Scholars; The Masons Ac- tive; Hunger; Cheering Grapt ; A Prowling " Wolff; " "Boys" Cooking; Confiscating the Boards; Thieves Cauti^oned, 26.— A Pleasant Day ; Routine of Work ; Lecture by Gen. Vance ; " Hur- rah for Broken Bones!"; Build up the Waste Places; A Noble Stand; Examining Sick Men; A Permit; Suffering from Expos- ure; Detail of News; The Inquirer Chuckles, 27. — Reinforcement; Conflicting Accounts; Three Thousand Men Hors de Combat; Al- lowances to be Made; Professors of Rejigion; Backsliding; New Comers at Servici-; Lieut. G. Shauk; Prof. Gouuari; Successful Interview; Steamer JVeio York; Irregularity and luconsistencj- ; Rage for the Classics and Mathematics; Dancing; Money Ex- changes, 28.— Mr. F. L. Qalleher; Transport Delayed; Sly Negotia- tions ; Arranging Committees; An Inquiring Sceptic, 29.— Very Cold ; Scripture Biography ; A Worthy Exemplar, 3D. — . . 532-583 XVII:— OCTOBER. Badly Treated ; Turned Out of Doors; A Redundant Work ; "The Asso- ciation;" Lieut. Boone; Col. MeKnmy; A More Comfortable Berth; Trying to Keep Warm, 1.— Five Services; Capt. H. Lan- sing Burrows; Ten Thousand Prisoners to be Sent South, 2.— In- terruptions; " Watts on the Mind;" Great Improvement; Busy with their Books; An Unfulfllled Promise; Singing; Comic Speeches ; The Un pardonable Sin ; Prayer Answered, 3.— Study and Recitation ; Under the Awniu;^; Mud and Dampness; Crowd In 25; A Good Resolution; Critical Exercise; Boucher Released; Mj' Untiring Friend; No Letters, 4.— A Quagmire; Tobacco from "Dixie;" A Driving Business; Schedule of Prices; Immersion Under Guard; Peeping and Wondering; A Good Spirit; Exam- ining for Exchange; Buying Chances; Curious Diseases; "When Will He Come?"; A Baptist-Methodist, 5.— Great Excitement; Very Glad; Cartel of 18(52; Call at the Gate; Confusion; Will be Greatly JMissed ; Capt. A. Boarman; Dissolved Partnership; Poor T ; Son of a Richmond Clergyman, 6.— Getting Off; Queer Tricks; Taking Bids; Fortunate Divisions; Capi. W. JI. Dwight ; Classes; Ahl and Wolfl"; Sergeants, Clerks and Orderlies; Medi- cines; A Cup of Coffee ; Patent Lamp; Eating at Option; Adjt. G. S.Thomas; Poring over Greek, 7.— Hugging an Overcoat; No Accommodation; A Discussion; Evening Prayer; "Good to be There;" Letter from Gen. Hitchcocl;; Awning Wreckeil; Hunt- ing, Pointer Dogs, Ducks, Ac. ; licking up a Crust ; Adoptiug the Recommendation, 8,— Suffering from Cold; Call fur Dr. Handy; Order from the Secretary of War; Rejoicing; Pleading inVuin; Bible Classes Consolidated; Crowds in 31; Farewell Sermoi:; Divine Assistance, 9. — Receiving Calls; Overvvhelme 1 ; A Tele- gram; Letters; Ea^er to iiear tiie News; A Turn of Piisou Life CONTENTS. XXVll - PAGE The Awning for a Mattress, 10.— A Cheerful Heart; Unprepared- ness for Winter; No Replies; SuflFering; Taking the Sutler by Btorm; A Rat Hunt; Prison Epicures; Lieut. W. D.Hall; Slime Fish; No Squeamishness; Successful Result; Supper by Invita- tion; Subjects in Variety; Under Cover, 11. — Bachelor Life; Nice Brealifast; Capt. Whitehurst; Cooking stoves; Entertaining Visi- tors; Kiuduess and Attention; A Comfortable Supper; A Quiet Time ; Evening Worship in 27, 12.— ..... 584-603 iQNCi-TTsroN :— Leaving; Mingled Feelings; Wife in Waiting; Inter- I esting Scene; A Grim Dutchman; Useless Requirement; The OldErickson; A Hundred Eyes; Hoisted Over; Delightful Trip; Rev. Mr. Oweu; Sundry Friends; A Private Courier; Old Point; An Eastern Shore Acquaintance; A Stiff Officer; A Limited Pui'se; "Uncle Sam" to Foot the Bills; "The House of Deten- tion;"' Detailed for Camp Hamilton; Capt. Blake of Maryland; A Bargain Strucli; Delightful Siesta; Lacking Experience; Sud- den Order; A Tyrant at the Fortress; "You May be Afraid of Him, Madam;" The Steamer Greyhound; A Large Fleet; An Annoying Accident; A Sour Fellow; "How Do You Do, Sir?"; A Queer Mistake; No Call for the Keys; A Gay Young Officer; "At Your Service;" Offering Assistance; Embarrassed; Cham- bermaid; Invitation Declined; Aikin's Landing; Gen. Mulford; Gen. Butler; Waiting Transportation; Varina; CurtisPeck; Busy Officers; A Well Known Air; Flagship; " Who's There?"; Sam- uel M. Price and Family; " Thou Hast Loosed My Bonds." . 604-612 Appenuix, .......... 613 Sighs and Rhymes, ........ 615 Index of Names, ......... 661 ^yiii ILLUSTRATIONS. The Author, Fort Delaware, "Kebs" at Work, Hunting for Graybacks, Catching a Crust, Tumble Out — Tumble Out! "I Just Want to Pat your Good Head,' Embarkation for Exchange, Perambulating the Island, . Refusing the Coat, . "Thumb-Screwing," . Evening Prayers, Mock Court, Boxing Match, April Fooling, Confederate Group, Baptism in the Pen, . Confederate Group, Murder of Col. Jones, Cooking on the Bank, Theological Class, Washing in the Ditch, Visiting the Menagerie, Baptism by Immersion, The Mistake, PAGB Frontispiece . 11 V 15 . 30 ^ 46 ^ . 63 103 , 1« '' 165 '' 172 -^ 189 ^ 224 236 ^^ 351 ^ 353 4 404 V 459 "^ 471 473 4S2 536 518 ^ 571 590 ^' I 608 v; (xxvlli) United States Bonds; OR DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AITTHOEITY. I. June. 1863. Portsmouth, Ya., Wednesda)/, 17 ili. — Have been hopmg, for months, to visit Delaware for recreation and health. Wo: arc all broken down, and v/orn out, from excessive labors, and' the excitement of tlie times. During tlic last eighteen months, besides the usual pastoral work, I have preached nearly one hundred funeral sermons ; and have been constant in visiting the sick and dying, in every part of the city. Vfc have had all sorts of trouble with the Yankees, and suffered constant pri- vation from the rigid blockade. It is ^imc t^at wc should rest ; but how to do this has been the question. To-duy, when least expected, a pass came from General Dix, allowing a trip to Baltimore, and the privilege of returning at Avill. This is the more remarkable, as official opposition lias been made not only to myself personally ; but the authorities, at Norfolk, have publicly announced, that no favors are to be grantc?d to any momber of the Handy family. The present obligation is, chiefly, to my brolher-in-la\v, the Hon.. W. II. Purnell, of ^ UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Baltimore, whose friencllj interposition has secured the pas?, without even the usual parole, or oath. It is a boon, indeed, especially for my Mife, whose health is exceedingly delicate, and who desires to visit her invalid mother, whom she has not seen for five years. I shall go to Delaware, sj^end a few weeks, and returning, leave the family with friends. The sympathy of many has been perfected to-day. Those who have wept with tlieir pastor and his family, amid scenes of trial, now rejoice with them, in the hour of gladness. Crowds have assembled at the manse ; congratulations have been offered ; and all are ready to aid in immediate preparations for the important visit. There is no time to be lost. Clothes must be packed, fur- niture adjusted, the library cared for, Northern funds ob- tained, and a family ticket secured for the trip up the bay. There must be as little noise, too, as possible, for Creneral Viele may get wind of the movement; and if he cannot jire- vent it, altogether, he may greatly embarrass and hinder. The ladi> s worked hard. Baskets, trunks, and boxes were soon arranged ; books were cautiously distributs d over the city ; a valued friend advanced the greenbacks ; ^ another se- cured tlie free ticket, on the Louisiana ; ^ everything worked smoothly; and in due time the company moved off — pastor, wife, five children, atid two colored servants — leaving manse, and a multitude of things (that could not instantly be hidden), to the care of friends, and yet subject to the tender mercies of those who search houses, and appropriate ad libitum. We took the boat at Norfolk, about five o'clock ; and were a little startled, on reaching the upper deck, to find Major Bovey/ who probably wondered how we could leave without the usual authority ; but no questions were asked, and we were soon reassured. 1 Furnished by Mrs. P. Hamill, assisted by sundry fricxitl&, 20. D. Ball, Esq., of IheR. & R. Railroad. 3 At that time Pro\ost-Marshal at No"l'olk, DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 6 Had some difficulty at Old Point, about the servants — the guards refusing, at first, to let them reship for Baltimore, with- out special mention of their names in the pass. It was neces- sary to act jiromptly — so hastening aboard, I ordered the girl to follow with the babe ; and as she obeyed at once, the mus- keteers stood back, and the ticket officer acknowledged the comprehensiveness of the pass. Chatted, on the lower deck, with a couple of Yankee soldiers, who were returning from the war. They were heartily sick of the scenes at the front; and spoke with severe disparagement of their army leaders. One of them declared that the officers were the first to run ; and the other said that, on the retreat from Harrison's Landing, his own regiment came back without a single commissioned officer. Mrs. H being quite sick in the night, and the babe restless, Sarah volunteered to retreat, with the little one, to the saloon. Her devotion to the child was a subject of great won- derment to the blue-coats who hovered around ; and, about daybreak, the faithful servant was actually obliged to appeal to her mistress, to defend her against some prating " Down- Easter," who was reading her a lecture about spending her time nursing Rebel babies, when she might go to New York, or, perhaps, farther North, and be a lady. On leaving, this morning, great interest was manifested about the reputed movement of the Confederate Army into Pennsylvania. All were more or less apprehensive, and, yet, a majority of the citizens were in sympathy with the on dit. Arrangements are positively going on, in regard to the evacuation of Suffolk; and a terrible work of desolation is in progress, in the neighborhood. The Yankees are burning houses, cutting down the growing crops, and doing all they can to make ruin complete. Thursday, 1 Sth. — Had a restless night. Reached the Bal- timore wharf, at half-past six o'clock • and was quite disap- 4 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR pointed in not seeing the boys.-^ Engaged a wagon, and waited more than an liour, before leaving for the canal -boat, at the cor- ner of Light and Pratt streets. Made several trips, back and forth, from the boat to the post-office, apprehending a final disappointment in regard to the meeting. Was not relieved until eleven o'clock, v\'hen Col. P , the boys, and a number of friends made their appearance, having been detained by some accident to the cars. Delightfid interview ! Left daughter G with the friends in Baltimore, and got oiF about four o'clock. AVife sick on the route ; boys talkative, and happy; Chesapeake City at eleven P. ISI.; St. George's at half-past one. Found T D ^ in waiting with carriage, and wagon ; wife still sick ; raining ; reached the old home- stead, near Port Penn, at half-past two; joyful reunion; and bed at daybreak, Friday morning. Liberty Hall, Friday, Idth. — Spent the forenoon, until about ten o'clock, in bed. Was greatly refreshed by the un- disturbed morning repose. Arose in good condition for con- versation v/ith the friends, who were constantly calling to greet their old pastor, and his family. Among the visitors who came in, during the day, were the Pev. Mr. Gajdord, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Port Penn, and my old friend Ciipt. Jefferson,^ Ruling Elder in the same congregation. Before tea-time, the house was well filled. Everybody wanted to hear something about the South, and the hopes and fears of the Secession. At the table, conversation became very animated ; all for a time seemed to be of one heart, and of one mind ; there was no reserve ; questions, important or unim- portant, were freely proposed, and answers were given in iTwo sons of the author, M.P.,and J. H. M Handv, who for the last six months had been residing at Mt. Washington, near Baltimore, under the care of their uncle, Col. Paruell, Postmaster of the city. 2 Thomas F. Dilworth, Esq.— Mrs. Handy 's ])rother — to whom the author was indebted for many comforts whilst a prisoner at Fort Delaware. sHon. Samuel Jefferson, formerly Rpenker of the Delaware House of Del- egates, and subsequently Democratic candidate for the Gubernatorial chair. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. detail. But it was soon discovered that, in that apparently cougenial circle, there was at least one dissentient mind — that was the mind of my preacher brother. " Why," said one, " have yon allowed your hair to grow so long?" The answer required some detail in the statement ; and inci- dentally it was mentioned, that I had recently been taken for a Confederate officer in disguise, and had been arrested as a Rebel spy. The subject had to be explained; and this led to a full account of a conversation which took place at the time of the arrest, between Col. W. Dulany, of tlie United States Marines, and myself, at tlie Gosport Navy Yard. It would burden these pages, to repeat what will more appropriately appear in a similar journal, to which those inter- ested may hereafter have access.^ I may simply record here, that the conversation was fiiliy detailed at the table, and that all appeared to be deeply interested in the narrative, until mention of the United States flag, and the words Avhich passed between the Colonel and myself, in regard to that (so called) "emblem of liberty and equal rights." " But that old flag ! " said the Colonel, " I can never give it up." We were standing, face to face, on the parlor floor, and had had a warm talk about the oath, the Navy Yard, and the pos- sibility of a raid from the Confederate lines. He had now, however, become satisfied that I was ntjt an officer, nor a spy, and w^as indirectly defending his position as a Southern man occupying a Northern standpoint. He had assented to my views in regard to the oath, and had just said in a sort of enigma : " Well, I am either a Presbyterian or a Turk ! " when he, naturally, referred to the flag in the words repeated above. 1 The Home of the Merrimac, or. War Times at Portsmouth, Va.— soon to be published. b UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK I felt it my duty to avail myself of the advantage gained, and rejoined with earnestness : " / venerated that flag too, Sir, when it represented the Constitution, and proclaimed equal rights — protecting, alike, the North and the South. But that. Sir, is no longer the flag of the Union ! It is not the old fiag ! The symbols are the same — but the j^i'inciples are changed ! What is a flag — irre- spective of principles ? It is simply a painted rag. That flag once represented high, and noble principles, I venerated those principles ; and I loved the old ensign because of the principles. But what mean those stars and stripes, to-day ? Not, certainly, what they once meant. Now, when I look upon a United States flag, I think I see written upon its broad folds : Abolition ; Coercion ; Downtrodden Con- stitution ; Oppression ; Tyranny ! ! ! Those are not my principles ; and I must say to you. Colonel, that I have no res]3ect for any flag representing such enormities ! " Looking the old Marine earnestly in the face, and availing myself of his evident emotion, I extended my hand to his shoulder, and urged with emphasis : " And you, Colonel, are a Virginian ! " It seemed as if he would sink into the floor ; and I really felt sorry for him, as he stood perfectly dumb, under the effect of the appeal. A great deal more was said, in the conversation with Colonel Dulany, before we parted, with a better understanding, on the stone platform, in front Qf the old '^Commodore Mansion . ' ' Enough has been introduced, here, to show the purport of what passed at the table in Delaware, and what it was that aroused the ire of my brother Gaylord, who, luitil tiiat mo- ment, had been regarded as a warm friend of the South. I was not, now,' in debate, nor originating any new senti- ment for present effect. The object was simply to while a-way the hour, with anecdotes of the past, and to interest the company : all of whom were supposed to be in harmony with their Virginia guest and friend. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. / But the current was too strong for my timid compeer. At the very mention of "the flag," he began to struggle; and be- fore I had completed my story, he was writhing like a man in deep waters, and as with the bound of one who would sjiring for his life: " O, brother Handy ! " said he, " I cannot allow you to speak so of my flag ! " I was surprised, and taken aback ; for I had supposed that this brother — my successor in a Delaware church, among people of Southern principles, at one time a Virginia pastor, and but a few years ago a publicly announced friend of the " United Synod" — I hud supposed, that we were standing upon the same platform, and that he could say Amen to all I had uttered. I was mistaken, and could only reply : " Why, Mr. Gay lord, is it possible you object to the mere repetition of a conversation which took place months ago ! I thought you would be interested. My object is simply to recall the past, and to show what has beeu going on under my own eye." It was very apparent, that lie was not in sympathy with the surroundings at the table ; and further conversation would have been very constrained, but for some remark from one of us, which led to a warm debate about State rights, and North- ern oppression. I remember, that in the course of conversa- tion, tlie condition of our sick soldiers was rcfe-ned to, and that my opponent greatly objected to au allowance of med- icine to any wiio occupied the position of Rebels. Why did he forget that word — "Sick and in prison and ye visited me"! But I have no disposition to extend this record. £)0 much is important to illustrate events ; and I add but a sentence or two — necessarily ex ^yost facto — to show cause for future imprisonment. Before the table-talk, Mr. Gaylord asked me to preacli for him on the foilowino- Sabbath — but I thouo;ht it Lest to de- 5 UNITED STATES BOIS'DS ; OR cline. After our little ttte-l was reported to have betrayed the pri- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 9 vacy of a do:ueslic colloquy. The table conversation had been repeated; exaggerations and perversions resulted; the whole thing became patent to the neighborhood ; and getting into the hands of some newspaper scribbler, it was connected with anoiher matter, and served as a political ladder to help an aspiring parishioner to a comfortable office.^ The attention of Gen. Tyler ^ v.as called to my presence in the State. I was denounced as a notorious Rebel, and a dangerous man ; and though, at first, the thing seemed to be utterly foolish, and un- Avorthy of not'ce — so much so, that no attempt Avas made to get out of the way — it, presently, assumed a more serious aspect; and the sequel will show, that I was arrested, and carri d to Fort Delaware, with the pass of Mijj.-Gen. Dix in my pocket^ — and, yet, with no charge against me but the irre- sponsible newspaper squib, and the affidavit of Mr. Gaylord, the particulars of which I haVe had no means of ascertainiug, except as stated by one v>'ho affirms that he saw, and knows. I am glad, that I bear no malice against this former co-Pres- byter ; and now, as he singularly enough preaches, again, to a congregation once the people of my own charge — one of the first amons: whom I broke the bread of life* — I wish him the blessings of a good conscience, making all due allowance for his distorted vision, under the Federal pressure, and rejoicing that the infinite God can bring good out of evil, a:.d make the wrath of man to praise Him. iSee Appendix A. 'Commanding the Department of Delaware and the Eastern Shore.' 3 Yet carefully preserved and in possession of tlio author. i Black water, Delaware, which was associated, ia my early ministry, with Buckingham, Maryiancli 10 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR II. July. Forest Hall, Monday, 20th. — Had a very disagreeable night, in consequence of nervous headache, sleeplessness, and troubled thoughts. Too unwell to get up, though much better from effect of medicine taken before going to bed. At about eight o'clock, heard a strange voice, below stairs, inquiring for the Rev. Dr. Handy. At once suspected an arrest. The person M'as invited into my room. He proved to be a Capt. Ellison, with orders from Gen. Tyler directing him to take me into immediate custody. He professed to know very little about the matter ; regretted that he was com- pelled to perform the duty; and acted, upon the whole, in as gentlemanly a manner as his position would allow. I told the officer, that he could either wait for mo at the house, until the afternoon, or that I would meet him at the depot. He assented to the latter arrangement, which gave me several hours to recruit, and get ready for the journey. At the appointed hour, rode out to Bridgeville Station with my wife, who, in my feeble health, preferred to accompany me, believing (hat the whole thing was so preposterous, that we would return together in a few days. We Avero escorted to the depot by sundry relatives ; and Mrs. H. bore her babe in her arms. At four o'clock we were seated in the cars, which we en- tered in a di'iving rain. Reached St. George's Station at eight ; rode over, in a good hack, to Delaware City, and put up at Weir's Hotel, at about half-past nine P. M. Gov. Can- non, and his son-in-law. Dr. Cahill, came up in the cars with us, and occupied a seat within conversational distance. " His Excellency" was very restless; got out at all the stopping i)laces, and occasionally took a seat in another car. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 11 I must give Capt. Ellison credit for his delicate, and gen- tlemanly bearing. He left me, for some hours, without a guard ; held an umbrella over me, as I stepped upon the cars ; looked after my baggage whilst I attended to my wife and little one; and, on our arrival at Delaware City, he volun- teered to hunt up Mrs. Handy's brother, and then left us at the hotel, on parole : making only some suggestions which, considering his official position, were not improper. Tuesday f 21st. — Plad a pretty comfortable rest last night; and at half-past eight, this morning, M-as severed from my wife and child, to appear before the commanding officer at Fort Delaware. Crossed over to the island ^ in a small steamer, in charge of Capt. Ellison, who still seemed respectful and atten- tive. At the Delaware City wharf, observed a number of old acquaintances — some of whom appeared to be glad to see me, whilst others were evidently sliy, and afraid, or unwilling to offer a salutation. It was amusing, to witness the conduct of different persons in the assemblage. Many of the bystanders were eager " to see the show," and pressed closely to the side of the boat. Others, more retiring, but not less curious, stood farther off, ogling the prisoner and commenting, in low tones, upon the event. I took no pains to avoid observation, but was rather pleased to be " known and read " of some present, who might well have come to my rescue : and who, could they have had the courage or disposition to do so, might have secured my imme- diate release. Among those who crossed over, this morning, were the Rev. E. J. Way, and Dr. John H. Fromberger — with both of whom I was acquainted, in former years. They are, now, engaged in the service of the Government, at the Fort. With each of them I exchanged a few words of friendly chat. 1 Fort Delaware is situated upon Pea Patch Island, at the head of Delaware Bay. 12 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR AVaitcd at the office of the Commanding General, fornearly an hour, before ho made his appearance. As soon as he came in, Capt. Ellison Jianded him several papers, for which he received an acknowledgment in writing, and tlien retired. These docuuK nts ])roved to be affidavits, in relation to the charges wliich had been made ajjainst me. Gen. Schocpf is a tall man, and rather good looking. On this occasion he had l.-ut few words, which were uttered in broken English, but in a manner not at all disagreeable. After •examining the papers, he asked me how long I had been residing in Portsmouth,^ and in a few moments called a ser- geant. I Mas immediately informed, that this man would show me my quarters. Asking if there would not be an investiga- tion of the charges, the General replied, No ! — stating that they had been sworn to, and that he had orders for my imprison- ment. After pressing a few explanatory Avords, in relation to the circumstances of the conversation, Avhich I supposed might have been the cause of my arrest, I soon found it would be per- fectly useless to expect a hearing at present, and that a close, and perhaps long imprisonment was before me. I was resigning myself to my fate, with the simple remark, that I thought it very hard that I should be shut up in such a summary manner, and without (!ven a word of explanation, when the General inquired : " Can you say, Sir, upon oatli, that you have never uttered language disloyal to the Government? " I replied, at once, that I could not do so; to which he rejoined : " Then, that Settles the question ; " and after some words about the leniency of the United States Government in com- parison Avi:h the governments of Europe, he sj)oke to the ser- geant in regard to my place of confinement. iThe author was, for teu years. Pastor of the First Presbyterian Cliurch Portsmouth, Va. ' DUEESS EY FEDEPwVL AUTHORITY. 13 The command \7as to place me with three others, for whom a special room had been j)repared a few weeks ago. The ser- geant having failed to prepare the room in question, the Gen- eral gave him a severe and noisy reprimand j but a few words of apology sofcened his tones, and the fidgety little under- strapper Avas glad to hurry me off, leaving my vali.^0 in an apartment near the western sally-port, across the " Fort-yard." The quarters assigned to me were in the second story of a large building ixearly opposite the office of the commandant. As I walked up-stairs, a mulatto sentinel, about twenty-five years of age, stood aside and permitted my entrance. A num- ber of persons were stirring about in the hall. From their shabby appearance, I at first supposed them to be laborers engaged in some occupation about the building. I soon found that, like myself, they are prisoners. Supposing it would be best to make acquaintances as soon as possible, I addressed myself familiarly to several wlio crowded around, announced my name, and shook Imnds Avith all who halted or seemed to be inquisitive. Several persons pointed out vacancies in the different rooms, and one or two gave mc invitations to go in with them. In the course of the morning, I decided to quarter in No. G, and accepted an invitation to bank with a genteel young man from Loudon county, Virginia, whose name is Shreve. Stirred around a good deal, during the day, and made my- self acquainted in nearly all the rooms, which I find to be seven in number, each of them opening upon one of the two passages in this apartment. There arc persons here from various Southern localities — but a majority, I discover, are from ISIaryland and Virginia. There are several prisoners from the old Chesapeake and Delaware peninsula. Among them is Capt. Noali Il.iwley, from Dor- chester county, Avho is acquainted with my kinsman. Dr. Thos. H. Handy, of Cambridge, and f )r whom lie at first mistook me. He has lost an only son in the service of the Confederacy, 14 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR but lie seems to be a ])ious man, and endures his suffering trust- ing in God. No. 1 appears to be occupied by eleven persons. Several of them are intelligent and -well educated young men — conspic- uous among whora are Capt. '\Ym. F. Gordon, of West Vir- ginia; Harry Brogdcn, of the Confederate Signal Corps j and Samuel Sterret, of Baltimore. In this room is the venerable Col. Waring, of Prince George's county, Maryland; and Mr. William Briglit, of Wilmington, Delaware — both of Avhom are reputed to be men of wealth. Found Mr. Bright to l)e a member of the Methodist Church. Suggested to him the propriety of making ourselves useful, while in duress ; and propo.-ed that he, as a Christian layman, should see Avhat arrangements can be made for daily worship, or a regular prayer-meeting. Before bed -time, ]\Ir. Bright called in, and informed me that a number of persons were anxious to have me commence an evening service. In a few moments, twenty-five or thirty men assembled in No. 7, which is the largest and most suitable room for the jiurpose. I read the thirty-seventh Psalm, and gave out that delightful old hymn : " When I can read my title clear." Nearly every man in the room seemed to join in the sing- ing* and then we bowed the knee in earnest, heartfelt prayer to the God of all grace and blessing. What a precious season had we, in that first family Avorship in pri-^ou ! True, the prison doors were not opened to us, as for Paul and Silas, in the days of miracles ; but our hearts were comforted, and I verily believe, that the secret soul of every man responded a cordial Amen to the petitions which were offered, in this dark inner room of our terrible bastile. Cunningham — the sergeant — furnished me with a brown blanket, after repealed solicitations; and I felt quite comfortable DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 15 by the side of uiy friend Shreve, as we nestled together on the first night of my imprisonment. I thought of my dear family, and commended them to God. A prisoner for conscience' sake, I could pray, too, for those who persecute and despite- fully use me. Wcdnesdaif, 22c?. — Slept much better on my board bed, last night, than I expectcl. Arose early, and took a wash in a brownish, filthy water, the only kind to be obtained, and which I should certainly have rejected, with contempt, were not water of some sort essential to my comfort in the morning. Our room is occupied by seven persons, as follows : — Capt. Jackson, Capt. Ball, IMessrs. Shreve, Atwood, Pleasants, Tib- bets, and myself The room Is, perhaps, 12 by 18 feet, with an alcove, and grated window; the latter opening to the southwest, and looking directly across tho water to Delaware City. At the other end, and communicating with a dark central apart- ment — the same in which we hold our worship — is a large open- ing, making a draught directl}' through the building: On each s'de of tho room are tiers of bunks or berths, occupied by the persons whoso names have been mentioned. As I sit now at my grated window, with a table before me, I have a limited view of the river, and occasionally see vessels passing to and fro. The sight of Delaware City is obstructed by a cluster of willows surrounding an ice-house, which stands upon an embankment at a short distance from the Fort. A fine opportunity is, also, afforded, of noticing the move- ments of the Confederate prisoners — of whom there are said to be about 10,000 on the Island, at this time. These poor fel- lows are seen stirring about, in every direction, engaged in all sorts of work for their enemies. Many are carrying boards; some are rolling barrels of flour; others driving wheelbarrows before them ; and scores, with ropes attached to horse-carts, are drawing water, beef, bread, shingles, and whatever else is neces- sary to the sustenance of the crowds congregated here, or for 16 UJS'ITED STATES BONDS ; OE furthering the improvements at the Fort. I am told, that the men thus employed get but two meals per day, according to the, established system of rations, but are allowed a third meal in return for their labor. My heart yearns toward these patriots of tho J^outh, as I see them toili::g for their foes, or marching up, like criminals, to receive their rations. A company of recruits for the Federal Army has been raised among the j)risoners, and now numbers one hundred men — mo-t of whom have been driven to this desertion, by hard nsage, and a short allowance of food. Col. Waring has received a permit to occupy a more quiet and comfortable room, on another part of the Island. He i>, also, allowed to walk about, under certain restrictions. Mr. Pleasants, of our room, has been granted the same privilege. They had scarcely become fixed in their new quarters, when Mr. P. was summoned to the General's office, and informed tb.at an order had been issued for his release. This gentleman is from Loudon county, Virginia; and has been confined for months at Fort JNIcHenry, and more recently at this place, on a charge of " harboring a llcbel, and giving aid and comfort to the enemy.'' He was, at first, condemned by a court-martial to be hung, and has now secured his release through the efforts of Hevcrdy Johnson, of Baltimore, whoso assistance vras pro- cured by the wife of tlie prisoner. Mrs. Pleasants is said to be an accomplished and vrealthy lady, considerably the senior of her husband, to whom she was married about four years ago. I have not, yet, taken my seat at the common table — but liave been down stairs to take a look. Finding thinrrs s) rough and haixl, concluded to try certain more private arrangements with my room-mates. Corned beef, and baker's bread constitute the daily bill (;f fare for dinner — while bread, and mu idy coffee aro served at the other two meals, Shrevc, Tibbets, and mvself have formed a ilub, and have manao-cd pretty well Avith tea, toasted bread, butter, beef from the common table, and catfish furnished by a boy confined for DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 17 desertion among the Yankee convicts. A fjllow-prisoner, named Sugars, prepares our tea and toast for a stated sum. The allowance of bread Avas given out, this afternoon, and I went down with the rest to tha refectory and procured my loaf, which is to last two days. JNIy friend, INIr. Bright, seemed to shrink fro:n the indignity of walking through the yard before many old acquaintances b.donging tathe Home Guards, and wrapped his loaf in a handkerchief. I laughed at him, and told him that I really felt a sort of pride about it ; and, holding my brea 1 before me, took the outside track and re- turned to quarters. The company began to assemble, to-night, in No. 7, some minutes before they were called. A larger number were present than on last night. liead the 94th Psalm and gave out tlie hymn : "A charge to keep I have," which was sung with zest. Made a few remarks on the sub- ject of prayer ; and had, formally, to dismiss the men before they would retire. Took tea, by invitation, with Messrs. Brogd<^n, Sterret, and Gordon, in room No. 2. These gentlemen had just received some stores from Mrs. Ingraham, of New Castle, and seemed to enjoy them finely. We had a cup of good toa, bread and butter, and a nic;ly boiled egg. Brogden, and Sterret are young civilians of gent el, and pleasant manners, abounding in conversation, and full of wit, and humor. Capt. Gordon, who is a West Virginian, is a Confederate officer of the same class, and the three are, apparently, about the same age. Major Clary is also an inmate of this room. He has recently been married, and was arrested while on a visit North for that purpose. He has been granted the privilege of the Island, at certain hours, when his wife comes over from New Castle to see him. He is expecting, shortly, to bo released on parole, to go to Europe and remain, until the close of the -war.. 2 18 ■ UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR A number of pjrsons were gambling,' In the passage, as ^ve retired. Three blankets make my bid to-night — one undiT me, another for a pillow, and a third for covering. Thursday, 23(7. — The Avater, this morning, -was much im- proved, in consequence of new arrangements, by which it is conducted through a cistern, on the top of the building. The fixtures arc now complete; and we can cbtain tolerably clear, and good tasted water, by turning a cock at the head of the stairway. The arrangement fir washing is, also, pretty snug for a prison, and the luxury of a bath gives us a fail* start for the day. We have 'had quite a stir, to-day, caused by the presence of a number of visitors, who came to tlx; T>land on an excursion from Wilmington. 1 hey were chiefly females, who have rela- tives and friends among the military, Tliey seemed to enjoy themselves, much, in promenading the ramparts, perambulat- ing the enclosures, and in gazing upon our poor rajged Con- federates, as they marched in crowds to the cisterns t) fill their (canteens. They were, also, much amused at the political pris- oners, who stood before their grated windows, like so many wild beasts at a menagerie eyeing the spectators. To some of us the scene was very exciting, and we took no pains to con- ceal ourselves from tlie view of the curious visitors. Several excursionists came into the prison, and among them were Governor Cannon, and his Private Sc^cretary, Nathaniel Smithers. These persons were introduced to several of the prisoners; but I felt no disposition to hold communion with the men who, I Irad reason to believe, were rejoicing in our confinement. Dr. Fromberger, of Delaware City, also came up in the course of the day, and through him, I received the first news from my wife, since I left her. He informed me that she slept none the first night after our separation : but subsequently hearing of me, through Mr. Pleasants, who visited her at my request, she has become more reconciled, especially DUUESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 19 in view of the field of usefulness which seems to be cpening before tne, in this strange place. I have sent her two letters — but the fir-t, and most important, has not been received. Col. Waring came in to see us, and brought a lot of onions and cooked beets. I Was invited to join the party in No. 2, in partaking of the feast. Enjoyed it, myself; but my chief ])leasure consisted in seeing others, who had not tasted vege- tables before for months, perfectly delighted with the treat. Visited No. 1, and read aloud the Philadelphia Inquirer for the benefit of the company. The Eastern Shoremen are all in this room, viz : Capt. Miles, of Somerset ; Capt. Raw- ley, of Dorchester ; and Messrs. Wright, and Thorn, of Acco- mac county, Virginia. I received a number of the Delaware Republican, containing the anonymous article which, I suppose, was the instrumen- tality used to effect my arrest.^ It is an illiterate, and spiteful production — written chiefly to gratify personal vanity, and to pander to a rich demagogue M'ho is willing to pay his flatterers. It contains several gross falsehoods, and calls the attention of th$ Provost-Marshal to the fact of my pres- ence in Delaware, and of my extreme disloyalty. It says that I have been a chaplain in the Confederate Army ; that I left Portsmouth, (Virginia), because I could not support my fam- ily ; that I had taken the oath of allegiance to get to Dela- ware ; that all my political votes, before leaving this State, Avere given on a Southern basis ; and that I had preached at Port Penn, liy invitation of the pastor, to whom my true sen- timents were wholly unknown. All of these items are untrue, in every particular, but can do me no permanent injury. Magna est Veritas et prevalehit ! I am astonished at the composure, and happiness of my own mind, whilst shut up within the walls of this prison. God is supporting me wonderfully — for which I bless His iSee Appendix A. 20 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Holy Name. A sufferer for conscience' sake, I frequently think of the o]d tinker, John Bunyan, Avho, when confined in Bed- ford jail, wrote tlie imperishable Pilgrim's Progress. Could I accompllsli one thousandth the good wrought by that won- derful man, gladly would I die in prison. There was a slight falling off, in the attendance at "worship, to-night. The room was full ; but I missed several who have heretofore attended. Singing was dispensed with, owing to the sickness of the person who generally raises the tunes. Shreve, and Atwood gave some stories of their blockade running, and narrow escapes from pickets — after which, avc tumbled into our bunks and fell asleep. FHclay, 2iih, — Slept well, during the night ; and feit un- usually comfortable, after the morning bath. AVas engaged in writing, for several hours, in the forenoon. Had another visit from Dr. Fromberger, who informs me th -.t my Avife has a pass, and Avill come to see me, to-morrow, and that regular s!ip[)lies will be sent me after to-day. Took a long nap be- fore diimer, and arose quite bright, and refreshed. After diimer went, under guard, to see Air. Alfed Camp- bell Belt, a sick man belonging to our room -who is now at the hospital. Found him much" improved, and engaged in hel])ing others. The room was full of sick and wounded men, who seemed delighted to have me talk and pray with them. My time being limited, I was about leaving, when the guard asked me if I would like to visit the other apartments. Re- plying in the affirmative, I wns conducted iiito the room im- mediat'ly opposite, M'hich was, also, well filled with sufferers. I spoke to them, in a general way, as I entered, and receiving kind words and looks, in return, immediately commenced the business of particular conversation, and presenily offered a prayer in the hearing of all. Every man to whom I spoke seemed gratified, and some asked me to cjmc again. The guard now told me, th:it ho had but two minutes before his hour for standing sentry, and we hurried back to the quarters. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 21 The occasion Avas one of deep interest to myself, and I hope was profitable to the sick, some of whom were professors of religion, and others anxious on the subject. Oh, how j^leasant it would be to go around, among the hundreds who are lying ill, in the various hospitals on the Island t I would be glad to administer comfort to ani/ ; but especially would I like to be as an angel of good to our poor fellows of the South. Pei'- haps God has sent me here, for some work of this kind. If so, He will open up the way. A white-hulled schooner was seen, this afternoon, moving down the bay, immediately in front of the Fort. Presently, two guns were fired from a vessel on the other side of the water, bring! ng-to the schooner, and causing her to tack about. What it meant we were unable to decide. Our service, to-night, was unusually Interesting. Nearly everybody, from the seven rooms, was in attendance. Besides the usual singing and praying, I made some remarks occupy- ing about ten minutes, and eliciting profound attention. Some went out saying : " We have had a good meeting, indeed ; " and even old Mr. R , who is reputed to be an infidel, ex- pressed much gratification. All seem to think these services are doing good. Two pleasant results have certainly been observed : we have much less noise, at night, than formerly; and the card party have resolved to play no more, after eve- ning prayers. Before retiring, the band discoursed some good music; and, during the night, we had a serenade — not intended for us, of course, but of which we had the benefit. Saturday, 25th. — Much disappointed, this morning, in not seeing my wife. Am informed, that an order has been issued prohibiting either male or female visitors from coming to the Island — a result occasioned, I believe, by the bad behavior of the pic nic parties. Walked the passage for an hour and a half, with young 22 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OH Sterret. Found that, with some seven or eight otliers, he is meditating an escape. The plan is to saw a bar in the windoAV of a water-closet; let themselves down by strips of blanket; Rwim the moat ; pass a sentinel on Ihe hill immediately in front of us ; and to cnss the river on a raft, landing at, or near, Dela- ware City. Snggested a better plan of getting to the other shore, which having been assented to by the party, will be put into execution, if the Avay be clear, on the first dirk niglit. Sterret is imprisoned for writing a letter to his fathei', making certain suggestions in regard to the capture of Califi)rnia steam- ers. He thinks his chance for a speedy release is very slight, and is even apprehensive of greater evil from a trial by court- martial. Brogden, Gordon, and others who are of the party, think they have very little to liope for in Federal hanvls, and are equally determined upon an escape. They have a r"ght, I think, to do the best they can for themselves. If I can help them, I shall do so. Immediately in front of our quarters, and in the Fort-yard, a number of Yankee convicts are imprisoned. Some of them are carrying the ball and chain ; and frequently amuse us by their dexterity, exhibited in throwing the heavy irons in front of them, as they move to and fro, and step into the galleries. We are much annoyed, however, at times by the sound of their balls rolling over the floor of the kitchen, which is immediately under us. Those who wear the balls were originally con- demned to death, but have had a commutation of their sen- tence in this degrading punishment. This morning, the whole •posse of convicts were drawn up in front of their quarters, and — with a heavy guard around them— subjected to a thorough search ; and all their money of a certain kind (what we were unable to discover), was taken from them. It was a curious spectacle, to see the rough and ill-bred detectives running their hands into the pockets of their old comrades ; turning up the f dds of their panls ; feeling about their bodies, and sometimes lifting the lighter men entirely DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 23 from their feet. Of the cause of the search I am iguorant; and, of course, unprepared t) make ai;y comments. At about five o'clock, this afternoon, our j)arty were allowed to walk out, under guard, as far as the river bank. Several of the men stripped off, and jumped into the water. I envied them their bath; b'lt the water was too rough and deep for a poor swimmer, and I was obliged to forbear the luxury. Wo remained about an hour and a half, and felt consideral)Iy refreshed by the short walk and open air view. Met with young J. W , while standing on the bank. He seemed to be pleased to K[)eak with me, and told me that his father (one of my former elders), had engaged in a dispute about me at Dela- ware City, and incurred tl:e ill-will of some of his neighbors by condemning my arrest. He .said the old gentleman was still my strong friend — though differing with me, in political oi)iniou — and that he detired to send me some supplies should an opportunity offer. W appeared to be afraid to speak', and said he was closely watched and in danger of arrest. He joined the church under my ministry, and is now a member of the Delaware Hume Guards : his regiment being stationed on the Island. Quite a number of the prisoners are suffering from dysen- tery. They attribute it to the bad coffee, and fresh boiled beef, which constitutes the daily diet. I have never, as yet, seated myself at the common table, and know nothing of the coffee, and have only tasted the beef a ffw times. The latter, I am told, is cut up in large pieces and throN^n into the pot, without washing. The cooks are filthy looking fellows, and the table is the most forbidding and disgusting board I have ever seen. The coffee is served in largo pots, and is sweet- ened, in the mass, by the cooks. The beef is served around in slices, on the jilates, before the men sit down to their n:eals. The sight of all this, independently of the quality of the food, is enough to bring on a vio'ent case of sickness. I had a rougli shave, this morning, at the hands of a young 24 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR man from Loudon, named Parker. My barber jjro tern., wh^> formerly belonged to Mosby's ooramand, is imprisoned as a | guerilla. He was first confined at Fort INIcHenry, where lie desired to take the oath, but was not allowed to do so. Good attendance at pravers, Remarks and singing as usual. | Sabbath, 26th — The Sabbath has passed off very quietly ; i and we have really had a pleasant day. At ten A. ]\I. seats * were arranged in the hall, and nearly every man in the apart- ment {i. e. from the seven rooms), assembled for worship. Tlie congregation was exceedingly respectful, and attentive, while I preached from my favorite initiatory text: Jcr. xvii. 9, "T/is heart is dcsperatehf wicked. ^^ Just before the conclusion of the services, Cunningham came up with a package of letters, two baskets, a box, and a bundle. I was not so fortunate as to get a letter ; but all the other articles were for me, and Avcre received with grati- ' tude and pleasure. The company seemed to be quite as much j interested as myself; and in No. G, we made common cause at \ dinner. Capt. Rawley was invited in to partake with us — and ' we had a fine meal wilh our baked chicken, pickled beets, good light bread, and apple pie. Shreve had been wisliing for chicken ; and Kawley said he had not had such a dinner since he left home for Fort McHenry. Capt. Ball, Capt. Jackson, and Tibbets were equally pleased with the f ast. Thinking it would be too much for one day, the lemons, and confectionery W(re laid aside until to-morrow. At eight o'clock we had a prayer-meeting in the hall, at which nearly all the prisouers attended. Called upon Capt. Rawlcy, and Mr. Bright to i)ray ; and addressed the company, for fifteen or twenty minutes, on the passage, '' Christ is the end of ihr kiw,'' &c., without a formal announcement of tl;e t.xt. The attention was prof jund, and I think all were grat- ified with the services. There was no appearance of cards to-day, either in the DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 25 passages, or in the rooms. So much for the influence of our meetings. Shrevo received a box of clothing, which pleased him much. Monday, 27th. — Much troubh', last night, with mosquitoes, dreams, and noisy night-walkers. Between one and two o'clock in the morning, Wier, a young man from the upper part of Delaware, who occupies an adjoining room communi- cating by a window with No. 6, jumped out of his bunk, with a scream, and alarmed the whole house. Several persons ran to see what was the matter, and found h'm, bruised and bloody, creeping on his hands and knees into the hall. The fellow had been dreaming, and uutler the impression tliat the prison wall was falling, he was making a desperate effoi t for his life. As it turned out he was not much hurt, and re- turned to his berth, after some jokes and good humor at his expense. Young Lucas, a Virginian in No. 2, while making his way to " the rear," last night, fell in the passage from debility, occasionel by diarrhoea. He was lifted from the floor by Tibbets, and presently fell a second time, and might have suf- fered much but for Tibbets' attentions. Twenty-seven Confederate officers left the Fortress, this morning, under guard, for Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie. They were required to sign a parole, which at first they re- fused to do ; but being threatened with gags and handcuffs, they presently yielded, on account of several sick men who were unable to endure this uncivilized torture. There were two chaplains in the party (Messrs. Granden and Bochelle), who have the reputation of being not only true Southerners, but devout Christians, and useful men in their profession. Ten surgeons — from A^irginia, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, and Missouri — were left to assist in attending the numer- ous sick Confederates on the Island. They were brou^-ht 26 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR into our apartment, and put into No. 1 — the men in that room fintling quarters elsewhere as they couhl. Tlie surgeons had hardly arranged their bunks and baggage before Gen. Schoepf came up ; and adjudghig the room to be crowded and uncora- fortabk-, they were removed to a better plac?, across the yard. An excursion party land d at the wharf, about noon, in a steamer from Wilmington ; but no one bring allowed to come ashore, the disappointed crowd were obliged to return, without a view of the "great show." Three hundred and twenty-five Conf derate prisoners were mustered into the United States service, by Mnjor Judd, who came down from Wilmington for the purpos?. I felt mor- tified, and chagrined, to s e the poor fallows marching down the jiavement, in cast-oiF Yankee clothing, t) take sides against their brethren of tlie South. But they are greatly to be j)itied, as they have evidently been driven to this course by their extreme necessities. From all accounts they have had to suffer everything since they came to this Island. They have been put upon short allowance ; compelled to drink water from the moat, which is filled with excretions; been eye-witnesses to ten or fifteen deaths a day, and half naked, and compelled to sell their Confederate notes, at five dollars for one hundred dollars — they have joined their enemies simply for temporary comfort. But thty have gained little or nothing; for neither side longer respects them, as their loyalty is doubted by the Yankees, and believed by others to be merely of a " galvanized " typ;\ They have been placed in charge of Lieut. Ahl, who has heretofore had charge of the political prisonei-s, but now signs himself " Captain, and Com- missary of Prisoners." This officer seems to be indispensable with the Commandant of the post, but has little re-pect from the political prisoners. For myself, I can say nothing about him, as I have not yet made his acquaintance. Dr. Frombergcr informs me that Col. Purnell is to be in Delaware City to-night, and that he is expected to bring an DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 27 order for my release. I am not anxious lo leave the Fort, except on the most honorable terms. Held religious services to-night in the hall ; nearly all the company in attendance. Tuesday, 2Hth. — We had an alai'm at midnight, which threw the whole garrison into confusion. I was sleeping soundlv, when tome one came rushing into the room, with a leport that Fortre-s INIonroe had been ciptured, and that a fleet of iron-cLids was coming up the Bay f )r an iinni(diate attack up m Fort Delaware. In a few moments, mi st of our comi)any were up, dres^sed, and in the passage. The long roll was beating; commands were given in loud and hasty tones by the Dutch officers, and men were running hither and thither, in every direction, over the yard. The convicts poured out of their quarters — many of them wearing only drawers and shirt ; the ijo'i'iical prisoners c^oMded to the windows — but were ordered back ; and everything was excitement and disorder. It was some time, before the companies could be brought into line. As soon as this could be effected, they were marched off at a quick pace, with loaded muskets, to the outside of the Fort. No definite information could be obtained ; the greatest anxiety prevailed ; and the suspense for half an hour or more was intense ; but no vessels appearing in the Bay, and the confusion in the Fort-yard having subsided, it was concluded by all parties, that the whole thing was a 7'use, to test the activity of the garrison. In the morning, it appeared that the alarm had been occa- sioned by the sound of a gun, fired at some Confederates who were trying to escape from their imprisonment. They had got down, through a privy, into the water, and had succeeded in wading out about fifty yards, before they were discovered by the sentinel. They were ordered to return — and two of them did so, immediately, and hurried back to the barracks Avithout being identified. Another poor fellow, more determined than 28 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR his companions, hesitated and made some muttering reply to the sentinel, who fired at him with buckshot — striking him in the shoulder, breast and head — and killed him instantly. The guard wad' d out and brought in the body, which was perfectly naked, with a tightly sealed canteen under each arm. The Confederates are said to have been very much incensed at the murder of their fellow-prisoner; and were disposed in some- way to avenge his death. Our Dutch jailors, hurrying to the^ scene, threatened the severest results, if the excitement werci not instantly quelled. The unarmed men had no alternative, ^ and in a short time quiet was restored. AVas called to the General's office at about five o'clock, this afternoon, to see Col. Purnell, who had kindly hurried on from Baltimore to inquire what could be done for my release. He, had just arrived on a boat from New Castle, and had not seen I Mrs. Plandy, nor had any opportunity of learning the partic- ulars of my case. No time was allowed for explanations, anel I could do little more than say "Plow do you do?" — and « Good-bye." " You can only get out hu taldny the oath ! " said the Gen- eral, addressing me. " Tliat I can never do/' I replie 1, as respectfully as I could ; "I will lie in jail and rot first." The time having arrived fir the departure of the boat, and not being allowed t6 accompany my friend to the Avharf, wo were obliged to shako hands ; he simply stating, as he left, that my daughter was well, and suggesting that I might, perhaps, be sent South. After ho left. Gen. Scha^pf remarked — "I would, if I cnild ; but I cannot." He probably spoke the truth. From all I can 1; arn, he is a mere iurnlcei/, Avho has no power or authority beyond the care of the prisoners. He seems, however, to be a man of humane feelings, but coarse in manner and of variable temperament. I submit my case, entirely, to God, and believe He will do with and for me that which is most for my good and His own DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 29 glory. Should be sony to be sent South, just now, as I M'ould probably be hurried off without a moment's warning, and with no opportunity to see my family, or prepare for reunion across the lines. Several political prisoners, among whom there were some British subjects, were released to-day. Had a long conversation with Mr. B. on the subject of God's special interposition in the affairs of men. Our views are very different; but I believe liini to be a sincere Christian, rejoicing in the fact that "All things work together for good to the people of God." Wednesday, 2dfh. — The day has passed Avith nothing of special interest, and altogether without excitement. The same spectacle is presented, day after day, as we look out upon the Island from our grated windows. Hundreds of Confederate prisoners and Federal convicts are incessantly moving at their work of rolling barrels, piling lumber, drawing loaded carts, carrying burdens, and attending to all the etceteras of repairing and building. Sometimes, crowds of them are seen sitting to- gether, under the shade of the trees on the hill, and at the ice- Ihouse ; at other times they are gathered, in great numbers, at the wharf to unload a schooner or steamer; and often the joor ragged, dirty, but noble fellows march in long lines, double file, to their scanty table, to return presently, toiling on till night for a third meal and piece of tobacco. It is generally believed, that our religious services are having a fine influence upon t!ie prisoners in our apartment. Capt. iRawley says the difference in the general deportment is ten- fold better. Heretofore the noise has been intolerable, and those of a quiet temperament have suffered beyond measure. I pan observe the improvement, to some extent, myself. T land B , two wild and noisy fellows, who, Avhen I first came, Y>ere incessantly jumping, running, or culling over the passages pid through the rooms, are now scarcely ever heard. Every- 30 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR body seems, more or less, interested in the evening worship, and no fulling off is noticed in the attendance. The prevailing pri-^on habits are reading, sleeping, gam- bling, and searching for " bngs" upon the clothes and body. There are several very low and filthy fellows among us, who pay no attention (o iheir jjersons, and who, passing about con- I tinually from room to room, necessarily leave their vermin be- hind. I have seen nothing of the kaid in No. 6 ; but we are all ( remarkably careful— every man making a daily examination of his body and clothes, and strictly attending to his ablations. I am quite amused sometimes at old Capt. J-- — , Avho every day takes off his shirt, and seating himself at the window, spends an hour or two in the eager hunt for "game." He says he has become so expert at the business, that he can dis- cover the smallest nit without his glasses. This care on the part of the veteran prisoner is not to be wondered at, when it is known how much he suffered from these detestable parasites at Fort MeHenry, where he had been confined for weeks under the most shameful circumstances. The old gentlemanl says he kept a regular account, for many days in succession, of the number caught and slain, which he informs me actually' reached the average of one hundred and eighty per day. His experience on this subject is so ripe, that he thinks he could write a good dissertation on the louse, with its habits and pecu- liar! ti ^ ties. I find that many of my fellow-prisoners are confined for! blockade running. Among these are Capt. Miles and Capt Rawley, and Messrs. Thorn, Wright, and others. Capt. Ball and Shrevc are imprisoned for guiding the Confederate Army on the Potomac, and othenvise aiding the South. Mr. Bright is here for nparly the s.ime'osteusible reasons as myself. Gor- don was a Captain in the Virginia cavalry, and was arrested for recruiting within the Federal lines. Ambrose is impris- oned on a charge of "horse stealing." Sterret for writing a letter conveying certain information to his father. Broaden UNTI.VG roll (; fiAVIiA CKS. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 31 was captured from the Confederate Signal Corps. Baxlcy, a boy of fourteen or fifteen years of age, is charged with being a spy. Parker, t'.ie Wightmans, and others, are charged with bushwhacldng ; Tibbets with carrying bundles within the Fed- eral lines. Several Were soldiers in the Confederate Army, and Others are charged with various acts of disloyalty. We are certainly a motley crowd, embracing some forty-five per- sons, from fourteen to seventy-four years of age ; some well educated, some very ignorant ; some refined and pious, others coarse and wicked ; but there are a number of very clever fjllows, and we shall separate, by-and-bye, with many pleas- ing as well as painful recollections. Received to-day a tub and basket, filled with eatables and a supply of clean clothes. Waited several hours, after thdr arrival was announced, before they were brought in. Some of tha things looked a little as if they had been rifled, and some empty papers indicated that a few articles might have been rem )veJ ; but a valuable lot was received, and as usual, I made c jmmon cause with my room-mates, who treat me with the utmost respect and attention. Sent out a letter to my wife by an acquaintance, who gave It, unexamined, to the mail carrier. I fe'.t some apprehension, as my friend was " })retty gaily ; " but he seemed to know what he was about, and being a good tmd true man, so far as the S'juth is concerned, I ventured to trust him, and have since learned that the letter went safely. Thursday y SOth. — I find that those who have previously occupied our casemate have amused themselves by writing nu- merous inscriptions upon the doors. I make the following selections, which are of interest as exhibiting the spirit of my predecessors : NOTICE TO GUESTS. Proprietor — Mynheer Johannes Van Shlsselbiddendid- denhohencohensnaffer. 32 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Illiterate English guests arc informed that tlie proprie- tor's name is John Smith. GiiG=ts are respectfully notified that the proprietor -will not be responsible for valuables or money, uidess left with the clerk at the ollice. Boots are not safe if left at the door j the boot-black will call and get tho boots. All guests are searched for money or valuables, and any or either found will be taken by the proprietor of the hotel, who is at this time hard pressed for the money, and sometimes forgets to return what is found. An omnibus constantly ready to convey passengers (minus their baiffaije) to the steamboat landin:r — Avhen they die. '' No extra charge for politeness. The servants are selected with great care. Guests will report to the officers any duty jiropcrhj performe;!, that the evil may be remedied. • Bell Notice. — Give tlie rope a good pull, and then let go. Please turn off the gas when retiring. English sp.oken here occasionally. Gentlemen are rec£ nested not to put their feet on the sofas. Children not allowed to drum on the pianos. Hours foii Meals. — Breakfast — Seven A.M. — if you can iret it. Dinna Xo particular liour ; sometimes not at all. Supper — Early candleli:^ht — Providenc2 jiermitting. An extra charge for¥neals served in rooms. Bill of Fare. — Coffee, d. la mode moat; bread, cl la mode vineiar. Side Dishes — R'jflectlon, me with taunts, when no opportunity fur reply Avas afforded ? He now admitted that I might be conscientious, and ex- pressed some commiseration for my unfortunate condition. " Why^ my dear Sir," I replied, " I do not need your sym- patliy. Xever in my life have I been more cheerful, than since my imprisonment at this place. I am a sufferer by the will of God, and submit to His purpose. No longer ao-o than DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 39 yesterday I wrote to m_v wife, who was talking of a trip to Washington, and urged her to make no efforts in that direction, if her plans involved the slightest compromise of either her own, or my self-respect, but trustfully to leave all to Him who will bring relief in His own good time." In the course of the conversation, he charged upon the South the responsibility of all the bloodshed in this "unholy war," and urged, that the firing upon and seizure of United States forts wt.5 a criminal and terrible offence. I reasoned the mat- ter briefly, and illustrated the conduct of the South, by that of the man who sees the hand of the assassin raised to strike him, and satisfied of the murderous intent, himself strikes the first blow to save his own life. ThL?, I suggested, was the state of things when the Southern Commissioners were sent to Wash- ington, to negotiate for an amicable settlement of the difficulty. They were put off, from time to time, with the promise of a hearing ; every effort being made in the meantime, on the part of the Liucolu Administration, to secure an advantage by send- ing arms, ammunition, and reinforcements for the capture of Sumpter, and for the overthrow of the Confederacy. We were, for more than an hour, engaged in this sharp and unprofitable conversation, — he constantly exhorting with hack- neyed Northern teachings, and I as earnestly protesting against his di^aCTeeable hauteur and crimination, and anon makino: some thrust which seemed necessary to self-defence. Before we separated, I handed him a copy of my sermon preached at Portsmouth, in 1861, on Our National Sins,^ and asked him at some leisure time to read it, as a £iir expose of my views on that subject, and the only semblance of a polit- ical discourse that I had ever delivered. He promised to do so, and agreed to send me a sermon of his own in return. It ought to be mentioned, that at one time during this con- versation, the Doctor became so much excited, that he shook iDeUvered in the First Presbyterian Chnreh. on the dav of fasting and prayer, January 4iii, 1S61, api>ointed. by President Buchanan. 40 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR convulsively from head to foot. Hoping to calm him a little, I moved toward him, lifting my hand, intending to touch him sootiiingly ou the shoulder, and inquired as I approached : *•' Why, Dr. Brainerd, what is the matter? Why do you tremble so ? " " Don't touch me ! Don't touch me ! " he hurriedly replied ; and drawing back, as one who had the ap[)earance of madness, he secured himself at a safe distance from my hand. What his idea was, 1 don't know. Possibly, he imagined some per- sonal injury at liand ; or perhaps it was simply "the stand off, I am holier than thou" feeling, which forbade the unclean touch of a Southern Rebel. Our interview closed with a mutual agreement to pray for each other, — he remarking that our prayers would most likely be in opposite directions ; and I briefly referring to the manner in which we of the South endeavor to commune with a Sovereign God, in regard to national as well as private ills. I was glad when the convei\sation ended, for it was certainly a most unsatisfactory jjarlanco, and to myself disagreeable and mortifying in the extreme; and yet, I trust, we parted, in the end, as brethren who anticipate the day when all Avho love and fear God shall see eye to eye.^ AVe had an opportunity of walking out, this afternoon, and were allowed a Avidcr range and more time. Several of the men went in swimming. I preferred to enjoy the fresh air, by lying on the grass beneath the shade of a willow. Received a short note from my wife, and find that she has not yet had a line from me,thougli I have written four letters — two of them being of considerable length. I f^^el very thank- fi\\ to learn, that the children are all in good health. 1 The death of Dr. Brainerd occurred iu lS(i6. His biographer — Dr. Hum- phrey —stales lliat "lie had the pilt of mastery over his motlicr tongue, and used it as not aljiuing it. He had an uncommon fluency of speech, and his command of languaj^c was well nigh perfect. * * * When the news of the Burrender of Gen. Lee filled the community wilh joy, his voice it was wliich led the thanksgivins cf t!-e multitude, asbv t^pontancons impulse they gath- ered under the shadow of Independence Hall." He is reported to havemarcli- od the streets of Pniladelphin, some timo during the M-nr, with a drummer-boy at his side, calling recruits lor the United States Army. His life is said to have been shortened by "incessant patriotic labors," and he is regarded by nis friends, as having died a martyr to the cause of Freedom. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 41 The newspapers kept some of the inmates of No. 2 from prayers to-night, but we had a pleasant time. The remarks were listened to with great attention. All appeared to be much interested, in an account of my interview with Dr. Brain- erd ; and during a conversation about it in No. 2, the subject of the oath came up, and my views being solicited, I gave them in detail, evidently to the comfort of some of my audi- tors, and perhaps to the enlightenment and strengthening of others. I thank God for tliis opportunity. Sur.dy He is leading me by a way I know not. Blessed be His Name ! III. August. Saturday, 1st. — Mason was quite sick last night ; and the impression prevailed that he had the cholera. Baxley came running into our room, inquiring for mustard and laudanum ; and, for a few moments, considerable excitement prevailed through the rooms. Dr. Woolsey was sent for, — but before his arrival the patient was much better, and this morning he is going about, nearly as well as ever. It was pronounced to be a case of cholera morbus, from eating tainted meat. The alarm was occasioned by a report of yesterday, that several prisoners had died at the barracks of genuine cholera ; in this report, however, there was no truth. Yesterday morning, Gen. Schoepf issued an order, requiring each of the political prisoners to prepare a short paper, em- bracing a statement of his case, with the charges against him .and the d:ite of arrest, to be handed to a Government Com- missioner who was to visit the Island to-day, with a view to arrangements for trial or release. We had quite a stir in get- ting the documents ready; and it was amusing to notice how 42 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR very innocent every man judged himself to be. I made my own paper as laconic as possible; and wrote two or three others, for fellow-prisoners, in the same brief style. Gordon, Brogden, and Sterret left us, this afternoon, for Fort McHenry, under a guard of sixteen men. They go to be tried by court-martial — all, I believe, as spies. They were at Fort McHenry once before, and suffered much from close confinement, miserable quarters, and hard treatment. I really felt sorry for them, as they severally grasped my hand, to say good-bye. Each of them manifested de^>p emotion, but very differently expressed. Gordon seemed to be filled with sup- pressed feeling ; Brogden looked apprehensive, and carried a flushed cheek ; and Sterret wore a sort of anxious, despairing expression, indicating unhappincss. They all behaved man- fully, however ; and as they passed in s'ght of our grated window, they walked defiantly toward the wharf, waving their hands to us. We remembered our departed comrades, at eve- ning Avorship, and prayed to God for their temporal and eter- nal well-being. Our company, again, had an oj)portunity, this afternoon, of walking out, but I had such a headache, that I deemed it best not to leave my room ; and availed myself of the absence of my room-mates to take a good bath, by which I was much refreshed. A box, and basket, which I understand have been sent to this place, have failed to reach me. The box was from New Castle, and I have heard no more about it. The basket was seen on the boat, by Dr. Fromberger ; but I presume, it has been appropriated by some unprincipled rogue. Two young men who used to sit under ray ministry at Middletown, have been on guard at the head of the stairway to-day. They both seemed pleased to see me, and indicated, as I thought, that their feelings were not very earnest in their soldier life. Felt too unwell to say much, at evening worship. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 43 Sunday, 2d. — Going into the liall for a wash, early this morning, found a son of old Mr. R, , formerly one of the trustees of the Forest Church, at ]Middletown, on guard. I did not recognize him, at first; but he immediately spoke to me, and we had a conversation of some ten or fifteen minutes' duration. Expressed surprise, at seeing the son of such a man as his fatlier taking sides with the Yankees, and told him that the old gentleman, if now living, would sympathize with the South. He thought not, and spoke of "the Union" as para- mount to every o:her consideration. He was very cordial, and pleasant; and invited me to call on his mother as soon as I shall be released. At ten o'clock, we had preaching in the hall — a majority of the prisoners being in attendance. Gave them a sermon on the Judgment, from Zeph. i, 14. Everybody seemed interested, and several shed tears. After sermon, I called on Capt. Rawley to pray, — which he did with great feeling, in true Methodist style ; and the congregation was dismissed, with evi- dent solemnity on every mind. In the afternoon, I was invited into No. 5, to join in read- ing, with several persons who had assembled for the purpose. The company consisted of Messrs. Bright, Rawley, Wright, Jones, A. J. Wightman, Pi^rter, Capt. Jackson, and some others. We read several chapters — each one taking a verse in rotation — stopping, only, for an occasional word of explanation, from myself. Whilst reading the eleventh chapter of Luke, we entered into a general conversation, which ended in a sort of experience meeting. One of our number confessed tliat he had been a member of the church, but had grossly backslid- den. His case was fully stated ; and Messrs. Bright, and Raw- ley joined with me in labor with him, until long after the others had left the room. After jprayer, by myself, the company dis- persed. At night, I preached again, from 1 Cor. ix, 24 — Bright and Rawley leading in prayer. The usual good attention ; but I 44 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR was sorry to find a disposition on the part of some, to hear the sermon only from their bunks, with the doors open. Our religious services have made a great reform, in the manners, and behavior of the prisoners. We have no card- i playing, on the Sabbath, and at other times it is confined to the rooms ; the romping, and boisterous behavior has entirely ceased ; two or three young men, hitherto the pests of the prison, have quieted down ; all appear dcliglited to have me here, and I am personally treated with the utmost respect, and attention. Several Federal soldiers were in attendance, at our services, to-day ; and among them Capt. , the officer of the day, who was with us, until called off by duty. Monday, Sd. — This day has been intensely hot — not a breath of air ; the river as smooth as glass, and not a leaf stirring. Throngs have been moving about, as usual, on the Island, carrying plank, rolling barrels, or engaged in other occupations; but their languid step, and, now and then, a hand- kerchief thrown over the head, or a fan in the hand, have be- trayed their sufferings. In our apartment, the passages, and windows have been the most popular places of resort. Many of the prisoners have spent the whole day, in their drawers ; and one man preferred to denude himself of everything but his pants. INIuch of this sort of weather would completely use us up. I have suffered, considerably, not only from heat, but from my usual Monday headache. Gen. Sehenck, who has been expected for several days, came to the Island, to-day, on a small boat, from Delaware City. Immediately after his arrival, ten guns were fired as a salute, jarring the buildings considerably, but without dam- aging the windows, as has sometimes been the case on similar occasions. The object of the General's visit, is not positively known. It, certainly, was not long enough for a reconnoissance of the Island, or to do much business : as he returned in a few DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 45 hours. The Commissioner to examine into the cases of polit- ical prisoners has been anxiously expected, but has not yet arrived. In the course of the afternoon, Tingstrum was sent for, by the Commandant of the Fort; and after a short interview, un- conditionally released. This result is remarkable, as the charges against the fellow are of the gravest nature — " Guid- ing the Rebel armies, and acting as a spy." He has two brothers, however, in the Federal service, and that may ac- count for his release. The guards, who accompanied the sick Confederates to City Point, have returned ; and report that the five surgeons who accom2)anitd them, with the expectation of exchange, in- stead of being allowed to go to Ricliniond, were detained at Fort Norfolk, where they must be subject even to a harder life than here. Another instance, this, of Federal deceit and ill usage. Conversations daily occurring among the prisoners, bring to light many illustrations of the ferocity, and brutal spirit of our enemies. Their wickedness in Webster county, Virginia, surpasses everything that I have ever before heard of among civilized men. An instance is related by Alkire, of a Baptist preacher, who was shot twice, in a neighbor's yard, and left for dead. After the savages had jDassed on, he got up with some difficulty, and made his way across a creek, hoping to be safe from further disturbance. The rascals saw him, and followed him to his own house, where they were determined to finish him. One man went in, and finding him badly wounded, and his wife entreating for his life, came out without doing farther mischief. Another, with a fiendishness of the very pit, up- braided his comra-de for cowardice, and immediately rushed into the room where the poor preacher was lying, and in the very presence of his wife, blew his brains out. The name of this minister, who is said to have been a peaceable and harm- less man, was Tompkins. O Lord ! wherefore do the wicked live ! 46 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE Received a message, to-day, from a young man named Mor- land, who is a prisoner ia the barracks. He is from Ports- mouth, and says he worked on my manse at the time of its ' building. Expecting shortly to be exchanged, he offers to carry any inessages I may desire to send my children, at the South. I saw the young man when out on our walk several days ago, as he sat near the ice-house bowing aud smiling ; bat did not recognize him, and thought he might be greeting me under a mistake. Full attendance, as usual, at prayers ; but being unwell, dismissed the company without an exhortation. Tuesday, 4^t]i. — The heat, and mosquitoes were equally in- tolerable last night. It was impossible to sleep ; and I endeav- ored to while away the tedious hours, by walking the passages, and trying to catch a little air, in a sitting posture, on the ledge of my grated window. Hartshorn, and camphor were freely applied to my feet, in the hope of relieving them of the burning sensation. After a while, being brought to some de- gree of composure, I resumed my hard bed, and towards morn- ing had the good fortune to fall asleep. A number of prisoners from the barracks came into the Fort-yard, this morning, to get water, and to remove some bed- ding. Several of them crowding into a recess, out of sight of the sentinels, we soon found that the poor fellows were suffer- ing for food, and two or three of our party threw them some- thing to eat. The supply of bread, in all the rooms, seemed tolerably full, and we succeeded in getting a dozen or more loaves, which were thrown out to the sufferers in halves and quarters. It distressed me, to see the eagerness with which they threw up their hands, to catch at every piece. Some who got more than their share, crammed the scraj^s hastily into their dirty pockets, or hid them in their shirt bosoms. After we had no more to give them, some still waited, anx- iously, for a morsel. What a shame to humanity, that these DTJEE3S BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 47 poor men shou.J bo subjected to such systematic cruelty, as is said to be practised here ! The political prisoners, so far, have " bread enough and to sjjarc," and would gladly divide their surplus with the prisoners of war, but it is contrary to orders ; the object being, I suppose, to starve the Confederates into taking the oath. I endeavored to encourage them, and every time I threw a piece of bread, exclaimed, " Stand fast, boys I Don't take the oath 1 " Some of them answered em- phatically, " jS"o ! No ! " The convicts — or Company Q, as they are called — had a general cleaning up, this morning. The bedding has been strewed all over the yard, throughout the day, and the quar- ters have undergone a good whitewashing. The destruction of vermin has, doubtless, been on the largest scale. Got hold of a New York Herald^ aud had quite a com- pany in the room to hear its contents. No news ; but all were eager to catch the smallest item. In cleaning out a box, received about a week ago, found a letter concealed under a piece of brown paper. It proved to be from JNIrs. M. W. Rankin, of New Castle, Avho had forwarded the box, and requested an acknowledgment. I had, before, suspected the benevolent donor ; and was pleased to find that nly old friend had remembered me in prison. A basket containing various luxuries — which should have been received several days ago — came to hand this evening, A Commissioner, from Camp Chase, has been examining the cases of a number of prisoners brought from that place, to Fort Delaware. Most of them have suffered long, and hard confinement ; and it is not to be wondered at that many have consented to take the oath, in order to escape their tor- ments. The interest in religious services is unabated. Wednesday, 5th. — Slept unusually well, and thus made amends for the wakefulness of the previous night. 48 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Had a long talk with Messrs. Bright, and Rawley, on sub- jects of jsractlcal religion. Find that Mr. B. differs with rae, in his views on the nature of good works, and the spiritu- ality of the law. Both Bright, and Rawley are zealous Chris- tians, and join heartily Avith me in efforts for the spiritual well-being of those around us. A remarkable, and unusual stillness has pervaded the house, all day. Several young men are, evidently, aroused to thought- fulness on religious subjects. The Bible is frequently seen in the hands of those who have heretofore been careless; and some of the wildest fellows have sought conversation with myself, and the other brethren who are known to be professors of religion. Two men, who are the most unpopular of our com- pany, and who have been distinguished for their profanity, and other vices, have both of them expressed strong feeling, and there is reason to believe that the Sj^irlt of God is at work in their hearts. Took our usual walk, under guard, this afternoon. Spent most of the time in reclining inider a willow on the bank. Met with ]\Ir. Way, one of the Chaplains at the Fort, Avho informed me that he heard me preach on Sabbath niglit ; he and others having made their v/ay into the lower passage for that purpose. Wrote to my wife, and to Mrs. Rankin, of New Castle — thanking the latter, for her box of good things. In the course of the aftei"noon, two lots of prisoners were brouglit to the Fort, from a boat which had just arrived. Ten or twelve of them were Confederate officers. One of them — • Lieut. Harwood, of Charles City county, Virginia — was intro- duced to our apartment. The others were Yankee convicts, who were assigned to quarters in the yard, with Company Q. Young T , of Odessa, Ivas been on guard, again, to-day, having exchanged posts with a Dutchman who had heard that we liad several Rebel officers in our (company, and was afraid to come among them. T tells me that post No. 1 1 (our DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 49 apartment) is exceedingly popular among those w-ho have tried it, and that a sort of secrecy is observed, with a view to a monopoly of the place. I find, that all the Delaware boys seem to enjoy it exceedingly. Extended my remarks considerably to-night, and found the attention unabated. Thursday, &h. — This was the day set apart, by President Lincoln, as a day of thanksgiving for Federal victories. I have hoard, however, of no services on the Island ; and have observed no special demonstrations save the drilling of the troops. Mr. Bright was called down, ihis morning, for an interview with the General, and some prominent Delaware politicians,, who came to test his views and feelings, after an imprisonment of just one month. They found him willing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States Government; and left the Island promising to make arrangements for his release. His sympathies are decidedly with the South ; but he is fetill hoping for reconstruction, and deems it not improper to acknowledge allegiance, so long as his own little State shall continue a party to the compact in the F^ cleral Union. He has been as gay and as happy as a lark since the prospect of his release. Mr. Ilawley,also, had an interview with the General, which does not seem to promise much as yet. He has been confined in this, and other prisons, ever since last March ; and has not yet been informed of the charges against him. B , who has been complaining for several days, was this morning taken to the hospital. He is a wilful, trouble- some boy, but good-natured and rather smart. I feel sorry for him, as his health and morals are both sufferinfr, in this ^OJ place. Three companies of the Fifth Delaware Regiment left, to- day — their time having expired. They have had a short ser- vice, but enough to teach them that war is not the pretty 4 50 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR amusement that some of tliem may liave thought. One of the "convicts" shouUlered a knapsack, and deliberately marched off Avith them, -without being discovered until too late to catch him. Dr. A. L. C , of Georgia, left us to-day, after taking the oath. This man has been with us but a short time ; and having announced himself "an uncondiuonal Union man," has received very little attention from any of our number. His manner has been very peculiar, and unaccountable. On the day of his impri-^onment. Gen. Schocpf took eleven hun- dred and twenty dollars from his person — onehalf of which, it is reported, has since been stolen ; but before his release the whole amount was refunded to him, and his receipt taken. He S2ys his family are in Newton county, Georgia, and that he intends to try and get them to New York, to which place he is going. Dr. Fromberger informs me, that he has not been permit- ted to come into my apartment, for several days, having been suspected, by the authorities, of entertaining Southern sympa- thies. I regret this exceedingly, as ho sees my wife nearly every day, and could give me frequent information from her. I find that many of the prisoners are ready to take the oath. The Delaware, and Maryland men are almost unanimously of the opinion, that it is not only legitimate, but wise and politic to do so. They seem to forget, entirely, that such a course must, only, be disastrous to the cause they profess to love. Very little can be expected from such men, in the future, — their hands are tied, and just in proportion to their character and influence do they contribute to sap the very foundations of the Confederacy. Besides all this : is there not a sinful impro- priety in seemingly identifying themselves with "the loyal," when the ultimate object is withdrawment, and a separate in- terest? If Delaware, and Maryland — or any other Border States — are to be constituent parts of the Southern Republic, it is the duty of every man. who has a jot of principle on DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 51 this subject, to develop his position, and standing shoulder to shoulder witli his friends, to present a bold and decided front. Have been suffering, all day, with pains in my head and shoulders, and did not get out to walk at the call of our frisky little factotum. At evening worship, made an earnest and solemn appeal, suggested by the difficulties in the way of the sinner's escape from death, and ruin. Mr. Rawley prayed ; and the company broke up with evident feeling. Oh ! for a revival, within these prison walls ! Friday, 7th. — Had a dreadful night, from mosquitoes. Could not sleep, until after midnight; and was obliged to get up several times, either to walk the passage, or to sit with my feet drawn up on the ledge of the window. Whilst occupy- ing this latter 2:)osition, and looking out over the water toward Delaware City, I thought of the years gone by; of my old parishioners at Drawyer's and Port Penn; how some, who were once devoted friends, have now become mj enemies ; and how many of the very men, for whom I had labored and prayed, in times past, were, perhaps, rejoicing in my imprisonment. I thought, also, of my dear wife, and children ; and wondered how they would feel, and what they would do, could they see me as I sat upon the stone sill, peeping out upon the still night, with my head upon the huge brass bars. Strange circum- stances these, for a minister of the Gospel, in the nineteenth century, under the "Stars and Stripes," and in this "land of the free ! " "What a blessed thing it is that God reigns, and • that He makes the wrath of man to praise him ! My hope is in Him, and I have no fear of the result. It may not be in accordance with what I would will, in all respects ; but it will be right, and I shall be satisfied. I am not troubled by my .imprisonment. I am really happy, and thank God I can for- give those who have placed me here ; for I believe them to be deluded — they know not what they do. 52 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Four companies of the Sixth Delaware Regiment came to the Island, last night. They arc, mostly, from the lower part of the State, and have been in service but a short time. Many of them are much disaffected, at the manner in which they have been forced into active duty. One of the first who occupied our post, this morning, stated his feelings very freely ; and said he would gladly relinquish all the money due him, since ho had been under arms, to get back, at once, to his home. I have no doubt, he speaks the real sentiments of scores in his regiment. The river, to-day, has been as smooth as glass, and the heat excessive. The effluvium froai the moat is beginning; to be very offensive, and tlie water is becoming of a sickly green color. We have now no water in the cistern on the top of the Fort, and what is brought to us in buckets, from the tanks in the yard, is warm and flat to the taste. Several persons are complaining, in our apartment; but on the whole, I think we are getting along pretty well, and it is to be hoped, we will not have a sickly month. Spoke at prayers for half an hour, encouraged by the usual close attention. Saturday, 8th. — We have been guarded, to-day, by Dutch- men ; and find a great difference between their bearing toward us, and that of the Delaware companies. la walking out, one; fellow seemed to have a special eye to myself — keeping close by me, and watching to see whether I would speak to the South- ern prisoners Avho swarmed about us at the river, and on our way to, and from the quarters. One of them addressed me, slyly, by name ; but I have no idea who he was — perhaps some poor fellow from Portsmouth. At the wharf, I tried to get an opportunity to speak to some who were working among the shingles; but the burly Dutchman Avatched me so closely, that I could only find a chance to say, " Stand firm, boys, and don't take the oath" — words which appeared to cheer them, and wliich were received with a smile. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 53 I was amused at our Dutch sentry's anxiety about Nelson, tvho, being a good swimmer, dashed out into the river, a hun- dred yards or more, and was pushing for a small vessel lying out in the stream, as thougli trying to make his escape. I was really afraid a shot would be sent after him, but turning, pre- sently, toward the wharf, the anxiety of the guard was relieved. It is ascertained, that in consequence of the removal of the Delaware companies, there were not men enough night before last to put a guard on the river bank. Had this fact been known, I have no doubt a number of prisoners would have tried for the shore, at intervals during the night. Snyder proposed a case of conscience, this afternoon, about which there has been some dispute in No. 1, and upon which the party desired to have my opinion : '^ Would it be right," he inquired, " for a man to volunteer the destruction of his own life, if thereby he could save the South ?" He also said it had been suggested, that I would readily assent to be shot or hung, if the salvation of the Confederacy depended upon it. My answer to the inquiry was : — So far as I can un- derstand the law of God, no man has a right to take away his own life, nor voluntarily to yield it to others who are without authority to take it; and inasmuch as no special revela- tion is likely to be made from Heaven, on the subject, it would be murder to volunteer under any such circumstances. This, however, should not prevent one from doing all he can to save his country, even at the risk of his life. As for myself, though I think I would freely give my life for the Confed- eracy — did i know that such were the will of God — yet as I cannot have any such unusual revelation, upon no considera- tion would I volunteer the wilful sacrifice of a life which every principle of religion requires that I should protect. All this may neeJ further explanation. 54 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Sunday, 9th. — A beautiful Sabbath day dawned upon us ia our prison home ; and wc have been enabled to worship God, with as much solemnity as if we were among our friends, and in the house of God. At ten o'clock, Tibbets had the seats nicely arranged in the hall, and tlie whole company assembled for preaching. The text for the morning was Ecclesiastes ix. 18, " One sinner destroy eth much good." I preached for about three-quarters of an hour, to as attentive an audience as gener- ally assembles under more favorable auspices. The singing was not as good as it might have been, but it was quite jsass- able under the management of Tibbets, Porter, Bright, and Welsh. The closing prayer was offered by Mr. Bright. Our evening service \vas quite as well attended, and great solemnity was manifested whilst I endeavored to expound Prov. iii. 17, ''Her ways are ways of jjleasantness." The singing was improved, and quite impressive, in consequence of the voluntary striking up of two very good old-fashioned tunes. The feeling was strong, and it would have been easy to get up an excitement ; but I preferred to dismiss the con- gregation, after a prayer by Mr. Rawley. I am satisfied, that the Spirit of God is at work among us. Thoughtfulness is depicted on many countenances; frequent questions are proposed on subjects of practical religion ; the Bible and other religious books are often seen in the hands of non-professors, and all the meetings are regularly attended by certain young men, who would not be so constant without special feeling. Messrs. Bright, and Rawley are the only professors of reli- gion in the apartment ; but there are several jjcrsous who were members of the Methodist, and Baptist churches, before the war — two of whom are evidently stirred up, and I trust are renew- ing their vows. If I had two or three more warm-hearted Christians around me, and just one good singer, it would help the cause wonderfully; but there are enough of us to do a great work. I was considerably drawn out in prayer to God, DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 55 in our services to-night, tliat He would come with special blessings, causing the whole Island to feel the influence of the good work. He can do it ; and shall we not expect it ? Have been unusually impressed, during my imprisonment, with the importance of a spotless example. It is astonishing, how closely every action, and word of the professing Christian is observed. The least error, or short-coming may have an influence for evil. I have no doubt, hundreds stumble into perdition, over the sins of God's people. Several things have fallen upon my ear, illustrating this principle, and I pray God to grant me grace to stand fast. After extinguishing the candl;^, and whilst tossing upon my heated bunk, had quite a long conversation with my bed-L'Uow on tlie nature of conversion and the new birth. He can't understand ho^Y it is that a man can suddenly be turned from darkness to light, and manifests surprise that some of our number, who have been rather notorious, sliould be so quietly arrested, and brought to conversion. The conversation I hope was profitable, as he assented to most of my theology, before the talk closed. Lieut. G. B. Philpot, of Frederick county, Maryland, was introduced into the prison this afternoon — having been trans- ferred from the barracks, where he had been secreting him- self as a private, with the name of another person who was fortunate enough to escape the hands of the Yankees, after being captured at the battle of Gettysburg. He was betrayed by a boy of about sixteen years of age, who took the oath, and joined the enemy a few days ago. The Lieutenant found some old acquaintances in our room, took tea with us, and . was invited to join us at breakfast, with a view to an early start with Lieut. Harwood, for Johnson's Island, as notified by Gen. Schoepf. Monday, 10th. — Philpot, and Harwood joined us at break- fast — all hands being up at an early hoiir. Th« day passed, 56 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR • however, and both of the gentlemen are still with us. They are sensible and genteel young men, and we shall be sorry to part with them ; but they will probably be better off at John- son's Island, where, we are told, they have fine grounds, good food, and j)lenty of ice. Our supplies have been coming, in considerable abun- dance, for a few days past. Yesterday two baskets were brought in, whilst I was preaching; and to-day a large cheese - box, filled with vegetables, greeted our willing eyes. Most of the things have come, under the direction of my wife; but some unknown friends are, also, doing their part. Our table is now well supplied, and we have all that is necessary for health and comfort — no thanks, however, to the Yankees, except that they allow them to be brought to us ; and for this, they have compensation in the fact that we don't drink their mean coffee and soups, nor eat their dirty, spoiled meats. We have got to work in true house-kee])ing style — Tibbets doing the cooking, setting the table, and alternating with Shreve in washing the dishes. Capt. Jackson, Capt. Ball, and Atwood attend to their own ware ; and by a generous courtesy on the part of my room-mates, I am excused from all service, either in washing or sweeping. Our room is de- cidedly the cleanest, most orderly, and comfortable in the building. My Avife has sent me a sheet, and jiillow-slip ; Tib- bets has torn up several old shirts, and sewed them together, as a sheet for his own bed ; Capt. Jackson has a decent old comfortable ; and with these improvements, we are making quite an impression upon all who visit us. Indeed, our influ- ence, I think, has been quite salutary on some who have here- tofore been careless, and inattentive to the arrangement and cleanliness of their rooms. Found Welsh in a terrible humor this afternoon, in conse- (juence of a practical joke, which some mischievous fellow had inflicted upon him while asleep. The rogue had placed a lighted taper between his toes, which, burning down to the DURESS BY FEDEEAL ATJTHOEITY. 57 flesh, blistered his foot severely. It was too much for the equanimity even of the most S2:)iritless jade ; but our red-haired friend was just the man, of all others, who was not to be tricked in that way. He certainly raised a storm ; and could there have been any possible intimation in reply to the " Who is he ? " — and "Where is he ? " — at that moment, it would have been a day of thunder and lightning with the culprit, more painfully realized than even the most ardent amateur would be willing to endure for the sake of a little fun. Welsh is a fellow of ^ood pluck, and has had a rich experience under Stonewall Jackson ; and when he threatened vengeance to the joker, " if it cost him six months in the cells," he meant every word of it — but he will cool down ere he finds the foe. The congregation anticipated me in the hall last night, by assembling before I had taken my seat, and starting to an old tune the words : " When I can read my title clear." I was gratified, and hurried away from a conversation with Porter, who had detained me with certain cases of conscience. Tuesday, 11th. — Had a bad night, with the heat, and mos- quitoes. We have cut up the net sent by my wife, and arranged it in our window ; but, somehow or other, the troublesome in- sects still find their way into the bunks — though Shreve has done a murderous work among them with the broom. About four o'clock this morning, I tried my grated window again ; and after a while got somewhat cooled off, and returned to my bunk, where I slept soundly until breakfast time. Several of our number are complaining of ill health — most of them being troubled with diarrhoea, or dysentery. Dr. Stocker has been quite unwell, for several days. He is a pleasant gentleman, quite popular, and has the sympathy of all. I have, myself, had a very uncomfortable time with the prevail- ing complaint. 58 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, Mr. Briglit, who has been on the qui vive for several clays, was called, this afternoon, to sie Gen. Schoopf, and very soon returned, with a permit to leave the Island. He appeared to be jierfectly delighted ; began at once to shave, and pack np ; joked pleasantly with those who are still captives; made many promises as to what he would do for some who have invoked his assistance ; and towards night went around, and finally bade good-bye to the whole company. For his own sake, I am glad he is gone ; but I shall miss him much, as a cheerful companion, and a fellow-Christian who has tried to uphold my hands, in the work which God has given me to do, among the thirty or forty impenitent persons shut up in prison with us. We have differed, slightly, on some theological points, and on the subject of the oath, as applied to citizens of Mary- land, and Delaware ; but our intercoiu\se has been uninterrupt- edly pleasant, and for myself, I sincerely regret his departure. He says the General told him, he had known for several days, that he was about to leave ; and that he had refrained from giving him a parole of the Island, lest others should think they ought to have the same privilege ; and that although he had been called a great tyrant, he was really trying to do all he could for the comfort of the prisoners. Our friend had to take the oath before he could leave ; and was advised by the General, if he had any " secession principles," to be as quiet about them as possible. An animated correspondence took 2:>lace between Gen. Schcejjf and myself, which produced quite a stir for a few hours among the prisoners. I was sitting in No. 2, joking wiih Mr. Bright about his expected exodus, when suddenly a messenger put an open note into my hand, which all in the room supposed was a call to the General's office, with a view to my release. I>vas not so sanguine ; and after a close scru- tiny of certain hieroglyphics, on the back of what proved to be a bill for provisions made out against me, the following w'ords were deciphered ; DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 59 " You cannot receive anything from Delaware City. You need not send for it ; it will be given to the hospitals. (Signed) " A. Sch(EPF." The whole matter was now understood. Permission hav- ing been granted by Capt. A hi, I sent a note a few days ago to a friend in Delaware City, reque^^ting him to purchase sun- dry vegetables and other articles for the benefit of my room- mates, who had no acquaintances across the river. Some sho])-keeper got hold of the note, opened it, and sent a bill of the articles, Avhich, falling into the hands of the General, pro- voked the above laconic missive. I saw that the matter had been misunderstood, and to set myself right, sat down imme- diately and jienned the following reply, which Shreve volun- teered to carry to the office, Capt. Ball liaving refused to have anything to do with it : Fort Delaware, August 11th, 1863. Gen. Schcepf — Sir : The articles referred to in your note were allowed to be brought to the Island, by Capt. Ahl, on the petition of Capt. Ball. They were not intended particularly for myself, but for the gentlemen in the room with me, who have had a long confinement, and are suffering for vegetable diet. The person who sends the bill is entirely unknown to me, and has opened a note to a relative, which he had no right to do. The whole thing has been done fairly and above-board, and with no intention to violate the rules of the Fort. Respectfully, Isaac W. K. Handy. P. S. — The cheese, squashes, and corn were not ordered, and the butter was sent for because it could not be obtained at the Fort. Shreve had hardly been gone twenty minutes, and had re- turned and was giving an account of his brief interview with 60 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR the General, when a messenger brought my note back with the following written on the blank leaf: Dr. Handy — Sir : I have no objection to your buying vegetables, or anything you need, if I am only not troubled with receiving them. I have very much work to do without attending to such little matters. Respectfully, A. ScHCEPF, Brig, Gent, We were all a little provoked at the General, on the receipt of the first note, as his embargo upon the provisions seemed very little like " doing all he could for the prisoners," as intima- ted to JNIr. Bright. We were disposed, however, to make all due allowance for him, when he so quickly changed his tactics, and made the amende honorable. The truth is, he was proba- bly under the impression that we had been trying to smuggle provisions from Delaware City, and felt provoked ; and per- haps it was rather mortifying to his Generalship, to have chicken-coops, and potato baskets, brought into his office. Whatever was the idea, we heartily forgive him, and hope we shall not be troubled in the future. Had a very free conversation with Mr. R e, on the sub- ject of the oath, and find him willing to take it at any moment, to secure a release. He says it has no binding force, and that it would be patriotic to submit to it, in order to get out and do some service for the country. The old gentleman is very re- spectful : but our views on morals and religion arc wholly at variance. Though he attends our services, and is generally very companionable, he is evidently a skeptic, with Univer- salist tendencies. I was too unwell, this evening, to do anything more than make the usual prayer in the hall, after a " voluntary " sung by the company. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 61 Wednesday, 12th. — Have been very unwell all clay, and have been obliged to keep my bed until towards evening, when I felt better, and got up and wrote two letters to my children. A fierce dispute took place, this morning, between Capt. B. and S. They are both very ckver fellows « — each in his way — but seem never to agree, and sometimes come very near to blows. They were on the eve of this result this morning, but they cooled off after a while, and though they have stood aloof from each other, we have had no more contention. The Yankees are trying to raise a cavalry company from among the convicts. They offer a bonus of $200, and promise to make up all their back pay, and give them $13 a month. This may, or may not be true ; but so the matter seems to be understood on the Island, and forti/ deserters have given in their names to-day. Many others will doubtless join them, as liberty under any circumstances is sweet. Others of the poor wretches have been put in irons, and are dragging ball and chain, for the first time, much to their annoyance. Most of tliese men have fallen out, entirely, with their own Govern- ment, and could they have an opportunity would gladly join the Confederate Army. They are generally desperate fellows, and such as would do little credit to any Government. A Dutch company, numbering about eighty men, left the Island this afternoon for some Southern destination, to us un- known. The company is known as "M,'^ and is commanded by Capt. Eeigert. Some dissatisfiiction beinar discovered in regard to the arrangements for cleaning and scouring our apartment, it was determined to have a new election. All hands assembled in the hall, except a few who were too unwell to come out,and Capt. Jackson was re-elected sujierintendent. It was agreed that the rooms should be swept or scoured before seven o'clock, and that the passages and water-closet should not, hereafter, be scoured until after breakfast. It was also resolved that every man, except myself, should take his turn in these employments. 62 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR By unanimous consent I was kindly excused. I expressed my willingness to take my part, but it was thought my services as Chaplain ought by all means to exempt me. Dr. Stocker, Lieut. Harwood, and others are still quite un- well. Harwood was ordered to the hosj)ital, and after wan- dering all about the Island, under guard, in search of the place, he had to return, quite overcome with fatigue, to spend a bad night lying on the passage floor. Baxlcy, who is still at the hospital, is said to be " possumln^." He pretended to be delirious, and raved considerably; but some cold water, sud- denly ajiplicd, brought him immediately to his senses. I regret exceedingly, to find that two or three of our num- ber are evading worship. They say, that they can hear all that is going on, and prefer not to leave their rooms, as they are genei-aliy in deshahuk. It is pleasing, however, to notice a large majority of tlie prisoners always in attendance. Heard from my wife, to-day, through a friend, who informs me, that she had received several letters from persons to whom she has written for assistance in obtaining permission to visit the Island. I fear she is worrying herself, too much, and will presently be sick. She had better let this matter alone for awhile, and hope for better things by-and-byc. I commend her, with all my dear children, to Him who permits us to cast all our care upon him. A friend, who happens to be an employe uj^on the Island, put into my hands a pocket pincushion, sent by my wife, con- taining some North Carolina, and Virginia funds— a balance due from my congregation at Portsmouth — which I may find of great use, should I be so fortunate as, soon, to be sent South.^ ]\Iason, of Accomac county, Virginia, left us to-day — his father having obtained an order for his release. For some reason, (perhaps he Avas not allowed to do so) the old gentle- 1 The cushion contained about $200 in North Carolina and Virginia funds, which after my release, were exchanged into gold liy Dr. E. Nye Hutchin- son, of Charlotte, N. C, and then into Confederate money— which could be used more practicaUy— amounting to more than $5,000. TTMRLE OUT— TIMHLE OCT DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 63 man did not come to the Fort, but waited at Delaware City for his son. Mason has had an experience of six months and eight days, in various prisons, upon the charge of smuggling goods to the South. He was arrested near his own house, and in his own carriage. So far as I have noticed his movements, he is a quiet, unassuming man, and popular among the prison- ers. He promises to go and see my wife, and to let her know how I am getting along. Thursday, 13th. — Cunningham appeared in the rooms, at an early hour, this morning, making certain mysterious mem- oranda, which we eventually oncluded meant nothing more than a new enrolment of our names. This became more evident when, in the course of the evening, this blustering little fellow called the roll in an irregular, and promiscuous manner, indicating that he had by some mishap lost that im- portant document, and had not as yet had time to make out another. We do not know, sometimes, whether to be amused, or provoked, with this self-important "acting sergeant.'' Though cringina: before the General — when he srets amonsr the prisoners, his airs and manners constantly remind one of the fable of the frog and the bull ; or, pei^haps, the idea is better represented by the monkey with two tails. He certainly "magnifies his office" to the fullest extent ; and his order to "roll out, roll out, all ym that want to take a walk, and be in a hurry about it, too," is quite as much as some of our high-minded Southerners can endure. The fellow seems to think he is popular, and tries his hand at jokes and smart sayings; but many a secret dart is hurled at him, and woe to the upstart, if any of "our boys" should meet him in Dixie. Mrs. Belt and Mrs. Ball — wives of two of our fellow- prisoners — came to the Island to-day, and gave an unexpected joy to their husbands. They secured the privilege through a pass from Secretary Stanton, obtained, I believe, by Mr. 64 UNITED STATES BOIS^DS ; OR Bradley, of ^Vashington. The General was, himself, very courteous on the occasion ; allowed their husbands to be with them all day; invited Dr. Arnott in to see them; and even indulged in sundry bon mots, on the occasion. The ladies are stopping at Xew Castle, and will probably go back and forth for a few days to come. It is said, that nine Confederate prisoners made their es- cape from the barracks, last night. The opportunity for escape seems to be very favorable, just now — the nights being dark, and the new DelaM'are guards being specially " verdant." Dr. Wolsey came in, this afterr.oou, and formally introduced a Dr. Harri-, of Philadelphia ; his object being unkno-wn. Perhaps, it was simply to give him a sight of the " political rebs." A good meeting to-night, with an exhortation, singing, and prayer. Friday, 14^A. — Have had another bad night, with my com- plaint ; was up several times, and at about four o'clock took a seat at the head of the stairs, and got into conversation with the sentinels. The first — whose watch was j ust expiring—- was a simple, good-natured sort of fellow, from the neigh- borhood of Greensboro', in the lower part of Delaware. He seemed t ) know very little about the nature of the struggle in which wo are engaged. In all probability, he was one of those who joined the Home Guard hoping to be allowed to stay among his own friends, and in his own neighborhood. He spoke of many about Whaleysville, and Berlin, who were my old acquaintances, and gave me the status of several, con- cerning whom I had received no previous mention. After this young man left the post, another, from near Georgetown, took his place. This youth was quite as raw as the other, and not so pleasant in manners. He was dis- posed to talk, however, and showed some little conceit about h:s political views ; but he appeared to listen to what I had DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 65 to say with considerable interest, and I succeeded, presently, in touching a ciiord to which he joined in sympathy, and I made the most of it. After this, he heard me with earnest attention, and the poor fellow appeared to be very thoughtful, as I pressed several important considerations. A pause oc- curring, he asked me if I would show him the way to the water-closet. He then deliberately laid down his musket, and walked with me through the passage to the rear of the building. I was astonished at his simplicity, and unrailitary bearing, and could not help thinking, how easily I (ould have turned the weapon against him, or by fastening the door I might have escaped, passing myself off as a sentinel, or, in some other way, using the musket to my advantage. I had no disposition, however, to impose upon him, or in any man- ner to treat hirn unkindly. It was enough to. express my astonishment, as I did to both of these Delawareans, at see- ing them in an attitude of military opposition to their breth- ren of the South, who are of the same origin, habit^, and: interests with themselves, and taking sides with foreigners,„ and abolitionists, in a war of fanaticism. It ajipears, that numbers of our Southern boys escape every night. Twenty-seven are reported to have gotten away last night, and the thing has been going on for several days, if not longer. They get off on rafts, or by swimming the river. I heartily wish they could all succeed, — for they certainly have a hard time of it in their dirty condition, on half allow- ance, with no money, and working daili/ for the advantage of their enemies, in a saving of hundreds (If not thousands) of dollars. I have been sick, the whole day, and have kept my bunk very closely.. Have not had much pain,, but feel very weak. Missed my good wife, very much, and wished she could be with me a little while, to give me some nice toast, and milk, and to afford me such attentions as she knows so well how to do, Avhen I am unwell at home. Received a letter from 5 66 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR her, which cheered my heart, and brouglit tears of deep emo- tion at the expression of lier faitli, and desire for ray use- fuhiess whilst shut up in the prison. Thank God f)r such a wife ! — hoping that we may be allowed to see each other at no distant day. Was obliged to omit our evening worship, which I re- gretted exceedingly — this being the first time since I came into the prison. Was glad to find some of the j)risoners assem- bling in No. 4, where they spent half an hour in singing. Saturday, 15ih. — A sick day ! On tlie bed most of the time ; very weak, and my voice considerably affected, but did not have much pain. Tried to conduct the evening services ; but found much difficulty, and came near fainting after the prayer. More uncomfortable on account of the warm weather, and befoi'e retiring found my undershirt thoroughly wet from perspiration. Went to bed dreading the heat and mosquitoes. Two of our poor Southern boys were picked up to-day about eight miles from the Fort, having been drowned in at- tempting to cro-s the river. Several others iiave been caught in the attempt to escape, and punished by confinement in the cells. The Tennesscans (a hundred or more in number), were drawn up to-day, by order of Gen. Schcepf, with a view to testing them in regard to the oath. The brave fellows unani- mously refused to take it; but expressed a willingness to be put upon a i>arole not to take up arms again, until regularly exchanged. AVhat arrangement was ultimately effected I do not know. The Tennesseans were probably selected for this experiment, in consequence of the Yankee notion tiiat that State is on the stoojl of repentance, and is about-to return to the Union. A vain delusion, as I verily believe ! After all, it is astonishing how few of the prisoners have taken the oath, when it is remembered that the original num- ber in confinement was nearly 10,000. Only a small proper- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 67 tion of these Iiave renounced their allegiance to the Confed- eracy; and they, it now .appears, are generally worthless charac- ters, who have never had the confi;leiice or respect of their comrades in arms. Tlicy have been put under Dutch officers, and seem to have a hard time. Sabbath, IQth. — Passed another dreadful night with the heat and mosquitoes. Got up before day, and spent an hour or two in conversation with the Delaware sentinels — most of whom, I think, would gladly renounce their military life. One of thein expressed himself decidedly opposed not only to the war, but to tlie false attitude which he occupies in regard to the questions at issue between the two sections of the country. Felt very unwell ; but thought it my duty to try and preach in the hall at t'-ii o'clock, which I did from Rom. vi. 23, "I he wages of sin is death." Labored somewhat, and felt considerably fatigued, but the congregation seemed interested. Last night made some remarks appropriate to the close of the week; and expressed a hope that all would be disposed to remember, and sacredly keep the approaching Sabbath. Was gratified to find a disposition to comply wiJi my suggestion, in the general quiet of nearly all our company, their abstinence from profanity, and in their reading the Scriptures and full attendance upon the preaching. In No. 5, several young men assembled for reading, and twice in the course of the day they went over several chapters, reading regularly in rotation, each taking a verse. My subject to-night was based upon llev. xxi. 7, ''lie that overcomdh shall inherit all things." God gave me spe-^ cial assistance, in the effort to present a Scriptural view of the glories and beatitudes of Heaven. I think a deep impression was made, and I look earnestly for the fruits. Capt. J. W. Long, of Arkansas, was brought into our apartment this evening from the barracks, where he had been quartered among the " rebel " prisoners. He was originally 68 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE from Mississipjji, but raised a company from Arkansas, and ^vas caplured at Vicksburg. He was pas-^ing himself off as a private, with the hope of being sooner exchanged. Having been long a j)risoner, he meditated an escape, and had given *'a galvanized reb " two hundred dollars, and his watch, worth as much more, to aid him in getting off. The plan, as he sup- posed, M'as matured ; and he was invited by the fellow to walk down the bank with him, to see how nicely things were ar- ranged for his escape that night. The rascal had set a trap for his arrest. Several Federal officers were in waiting at an appointed place, where he was instantly seized and brought to our apartment, to be sent, with others, to Johnson's Island. Quite a change took place in the weather aAer dusk this evening, and at bed-time we had a heavy rain-storm, accom- panied by high wind. It did not last long, but our rooms got a good ventilation, and we all felt much refreshed. Monday^ 17ih. — Slept well last night, and f^^^lfc greatly im- proved to-day, from the change in the weather, and the cessa- tion of my complaint. Several new men came in to-day — one cf them, a political prisoner, named Cooper, who was arrested at Smyrna, in this Stato ; and two others, Charles Dawson and Capt. Topp, from the barracks, where they had been hiding themselves as pri- vates, hoping to be exchanged. Daw.-:on, who is from Loudon county, Yirginia, was betrayed by a letter addressed to him by a friend as Lieutenant Dawson ; the other was informed on by a "galvanized" man, who had probably been bribed to hunt up secreted officers. Cooper came into my room, inquiring very familiarly for " Dr. Handy." At first, I supposed, from his attire and certain remarks, that he was a young minister; but was soon undeceived, and discovered him to be a student of law, lately settled in Kent county, Maryland, but originally from Kentucky. He had mistaken me, it would seem, for my kinsman, the Kev. \Ym. C. Handy, son-in-law of the Kev. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 69 Dr. Breckinridge, with whom he liad met at Danville. He speaks of long confinement, and hard usage. Our walk, this afternoon, was the most comfortable we have yet had, being allowed to walk back and forth a distance of about one hundred yards; and the weather bsing pleasant, we enjoyed it considerably. Noticed, that the rushes had been cut down for a distance of several rods along the river bank, to prevent prisoners from hiding themselves with a view to escape. Have had no supplies from my wife, or others, for more than a week. No falling off at Avorship. Tuesday, 18th. — The old men of our company are, gener- ally, the first to arise in the morning, and much to the annoy- ance of the younger and more indolent members of the im- prisoned corps. Capt. Jackson, and Mr. Rouse give more trouble than any others, on this score — the firot in the dis- charge of his duty as General Superintendent ; and the other, weary of the night, to have a long t:dk with the sentinels, about farming or something else, in tones so loud as to waken everybody in all the seven rooms. These old gentlemen have been sharply reproved by their juniors, for these interruptions of their morning slumbers ; but they mean well, and I have no sympathy with those who make no allowance for age and circumstances. The detected officers — Philpot, Harwood, Long, Dawson, and Topp — all left this morning, under guard, for Johnson's Island. Our short acquaintance was very pleasant, and we regretted to part with them, although hoping they may be more comfortably situated at their new jirison. Had they not started so soon, one of their number would, probably, have availed himself of the first dark night, for another route of travel. The galvanized men have been getting their uniforms 70 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR to-day, and I presume they will soon be mounted as cavalry- men, to oppose the cause they 0'::ce professed to love, and to make battle against their own AlsIi and blood at the South. Weak and silly men, how much are they to be pitied ! All feel, however, that they are a " good riddance," as they have been known almost to a man to be not only of no use, but positive nuisances in the Confederate army, ^yhen I first noticed these men I felt sony for tliem as ignorant and deluded ones, driven by a terrible pressure into the ranks of the enemy ; but now it appears that want of principle and self-interest has had much to do with the change; and that althou;jh thry have had to pass through terrible straits, they are more cop.cerned for present comforts, than for the future good of their native South. I find that fifty men escaped from the barracks on last Sabbath night, and that forty-four made their exodus on Monday night. Of all this number only four were caught and returned to the Fort, and these were taken up by a schooner, having drifted far dowu the bay. One poor fellow was promised his liberty on c')ndition that he would help in loading the vessel; but the treacherous captain, on his arrival at the Smyrna wharf, hastened to tlie authorities and had him arrested. Nothing daunted, he told them he should try it again on the first opportuniiy. The ninety men who got clear saved themselves by swiraniiug on boards to the Del- aware shore. The opportunity was afforded, by neglect to place a guard at one of the privies near the water. Gen. Sehcepf, and Cjpt. Ahl went through the barracks, to-d:xy, in search ofdisguis.'d officers; and although they were diligent and jiarticular, failed to recognize a single man bear- ing a commission. Of those who g )t off recently, one was a Major, four were Captains, and several were Lieutenants. Dr. Stocker being seized with violent cramps this after- noon, was carried to the hospital. The butter-tub from my wife came to liand, after several DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 71 days of delay, not more than one half filled, and without a covering. I have no doubt it has been robbed, but was glad to get a jowl, a few potatoes, and a bottle of vinegar. Was gratified to hear, through a letter from my wife, that all are well. Clothing and money are now forbidden to be sent to the prisoners. Why this embargo I know not — unless to make our situation as uncomfortable as possible, and to degrade us, in the eyes of visitors aiid spectators, as a ragged and filthy set. Notwithstanding the order, Wright has been allowed to receive a box from Mrs. Spottswood, of New Castle, which did not come too soon — for he was beginning: to exhibit an appearance more fit for the dunghill, than even for the cells of a prison. It was amusing, at roll-call, to hear the name of our fellow-prisoner sounded as 3Iister Wright instead of the mere surname, as in the case of all the rest of us. So much for a clean shirt and new clothes. Everybody seemed to be in attendance at worship to-night. Made some remarks on the subject of the temptation in the wilderness ; and endeavored to make a practical application while holding up the example of Jesus. My daughter Virginia's birthday. Wednesday, Idth. — The weather has been much cooler, making it decidedly more pleasant ; but the change has been so sudden, that some of us have taken cold. Though my own health is better, I still feel indisposed, and find it difiicult to read or study, and have kept my bed nearly all day. My mind hai been so much occupied with the strange scenes around me, and the troubles of the South, that I have thought but little of my dear family while in prison, except in a general way. I have prayed earnestly for all, and my wife and older children have been specially remembered ; but 72 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR all my reflections have b.en of a desultory character. Little D has engaged more of ray thoughts than any of the others, in consequence, perhaps, of being in constant observa- tion of the fell disease wliicli took hitn from our embrace. Strange to say, I had actually lost sight of my darling little Charley, until this morning, when he suddenly came into my mind while trying to recall which of the little ones had been left in Sussex. How strange are tliese experiences, and how little characteristic of ourselves under more favorable cii'cum- stances ! My wife and children are all dear to me, and I am unconscious of any partiality in my affections, orunsuitab'le- ness of devotion in any case. Messrs. Rouse, S 1, and H s were released to- day, after taking the " oath of allegiance," and left on the dif- lerent boats — House f jr Wilmington, expecting to' spend the night with ]\Ir. Bright, and the other two for Delaware City, where they will take the canal route for Baltimore to-night. It is astonishing what an effect the departure of these meu has had on the minds of those who were imprisoned with them abaut five months ago. Nearly all of them (and there are a number yet remaining) appear to be ready to "follow suit" and take the oath, as soon as they conclude there is no other way to get out of prison. Mr. Rouse has generally advocated the measure as patriotic, inasmuch as nothing could be done for the South while in confinement ; and that the oath being forced, and in his opinion not binding, it is better to take it and go home to help the cause. In the cases of the other two, nothing else could have been expected — the one being a deserter from the Confederate array, and the other having run away to avoid conscription. I have no doubt, liowever, that they both desire the success of the South, but they ])refer to keep out of danger, and have no idea of the solemnity of an oath. Took occasion to say something at worship, about the manner and means of deciding questions of duty — hoping DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 73 to inspire our company with proper priuciplei in regard to the oath. Thursday, 20th. — It has been just one month to-day since my arrest in Sussex, byCapt. Ellison. The time has passed with a-tonishing rapidity, and I can hardly realize that I have been thirty-one days in duress. I have gotten along much better than I had anticipated, and have mueli lor which to be thankful. Tiirough the attention of my wif, and kindness of friends, I have hud plenty to eat of such things as have been wholesome. My bed, though hard, has given me some nights of sleep ; I have been treated with the utmost respect and kindness, by my fellow prisoners; the officers of tiie Fort h:ive offered ms little annoyance or molestation ; I have been perfectly free to conduct religious services, every day ; and God seems to have blessed ray labors. Confinement, noise and sickness, with the wickedness of many around me, have been very trying ; but I have suffered nothing, in comparison with some here who were imprisoned at Fort McHenry, Harper's Ferry, and at other places where they were treated with the ut- most brutality and cruelty. The "galvanized rebs" have been going to and fro all day, dressed up in their new cavalry uniforms. It has been dis- gusting to notice their silly admiration of themselves, and the pains Avhich they have taken to secure the observation of their old comrades. It is true, that they look like another set of beings, but they are objects of universal contempt. Even the Federal officers have been heard to express their want of con- fidence in these miserable men ; aiid they have the execration of all the South. One of their number has been ascertained to be a Yankee deserter, and some of the officers swear they will have him hung. The time of the 6th Delaware Regiment has expired, and they are exceedingly anxious to get off; but they are still re- tained, waiting for a regiment from Washington, which is to 74- UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR take their place. They have been threatening to throw down their arms, but have been scared from this purpose by an order for their imprisonment should they persist. I have had conversations with many of these poor fellows, and find them generally to be simple minded, honest men, who have been duped, and deceived by jjrominent leaders at home ; and that they aid greatly mortified at finding themselves associated with Yankees, Dutchmen, and abolitionists, in opposition to their natural brethren of the same latitude. Made a few remarks at worship, on the duties of fasting, humiliation, and prayer, intended to prepare the minds of such as might be disposed to keep to-morrow, as a day set apart by Presid -nt Davis for that purpose ; but avoided making any reference to the matter, by which public attention would be called to the subject. After worship, expressed a willingness to have private prayer in any of the rooms to-morrow, where the inmates would like to make a recognition of the day. Received a valuable box from New Castle, containing clothing and eatables, chiefly intended for certain pri:?oners at the barracks. I presume I am again indebted to my old friend, Mrs. M. W. Rankin, for articles suited to my condition. Lieut. , of North Carolina, another detected officer, was brought in to-day, having been betrayed by one of the galvanized corps. Friday, 2\st. — This was the day set apart by President Davis for fasting, humiliation, and prayer; and I have no doubt, that it has been devoutly observed by thousands of God's people at tlie South. We could not observe it in a public manner, in prison ; but it has been remembered, and respected by all our company. At nine o'clock in the morning, I was invited into No. 2, to offer prayer, which I did, after reading aloud the President's proclamation, and making a few suitable remarks. AH the inmates of the room were present; and though on'y one of them (Capt. Rawley) is a professor of re- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. /5 liglon, they entered heartily into the services, and responded audibly to the petitions which were offered in belialf of the South, her leaders, and her armies — all endeavoring, as T be- lieve, to humble themselves before God, on account of numer- ous and aggravated sins. About t. n o'clock, I was requested to go into No. 5, to conduct a similar service. Here, not one man is a professing Christian, though one or two have formerly been members of the Church. The proclamation was read, and aft t a few re- marks, an earnest prayer went up to the throne of the Heavenly Grace — all devoutly kneeling, and manifesting a real interest in the exercises. After dinner, the occupants of the other rooms desiring some service to be held for their accommodation, I proposed that, instead of going through the several rooms, all who de- sired to join with me in another prayer should assemble forth- with in No. 6. Tibbetts having arranged the seats, the room was quickly filled, and without shutting the donr as we had done in the two former cases, we united in similar services. I believe it was a sincere offering, and trust that God will hear our prayer and accept our humble confession. At eight o'clock, we had the usual service in the hall, with a full assemblage and an apparently devout attention. I think this has been the most quiet day we have had since I have been in prison. Cards have been omitterl ; there has been little or no swearing; and as good behavior has prevailed, as could possibly be expected among two score of men, many of whom have been hitherto unaccustomed to restraint, and of wild and reckless habits. "Will not God smile upon this attempt to serve Him ; and will not our Heavenly Father hear the prayers of the thousands, with whom we have this day joined in earnest appeals to the throne of His Heavenly Grace ! Received a letter from my friend and relative, Capt. James M. Gilliss, of the U. S. Naval Observatory, announcing the death of my brother-in-law. Prof. Joseph S. Hubbard. He 76 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR (lied on the 16th inst., in New Haven, Conn., of (yjjhoid fever. Tliis is a sad event, and aids another to the list of my sorrows. He was an accomplished officer, and a good man ; and though our views were utterly dissimilar, on the great questions of the day, he was no doubt honest in his convictions, and we could agree to diifer, without dispute, or interruption of friendly re- lations. Went to bed with a severe headache, occasioned, I presume, by fasting. Was much disturbed by loud conversations in the several rooms ; and tossed for a long time upon my hard bed, troubled by moquitoes and anxious thoughts. This is said to have been the warmest day of the season. Saturday, 2'2d. — Several of our company received cheering letters, to-day, from fr.ends at home. Wright and Kawley, especially, are buoyed up, and are looking for a speedy deliver- ance. It is astonishing, and interesting, to notice what little things have an effect upon the spirits of the prisoners, and how they are elevated or depressed, by a single line or word, from an absent friend. I sincerely hope that the expectations of some who are now upon tip-toe may be fully realized, as they have long and severely suffered. Two more men were brought in to-day, from the barracks, charged with being rebel officers. The first — J. B. Alexander — was reported by some of the galvanized men as a Lieutenant; and the second — G. W. Noe — as a Captain. It is quite likely that the charge against Alexander is correct, so far as his rank is concerned ; but he is probably from some other regiment than the one specified by his accusers. Noe, I am satisfied, is only a 2)rivate, as he strongly avers. They are destined for Johnson's Ishmd. Received my basket, after a delay of four or five days. The articles not bohig of a perishable nature, will do very well though not fresh. Prayer and remarks, as usual, in the hall. i DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 77 Sunday, 23(f.— The hottest day we have liad this summer; no breeze stirrini^ ; the watrr smooth ; and the prisoners going about, with just enough clothing to hide their nakedness, and no more. Tiie Purnell Lesion came to the Island at about 12 o'clock last night, and stacked their arms immediately in front of our window. They are a rough looking set, and have the appear- ance of men who have seen some service. The Legion was raised by my brother-in-law, Plon. W. H. Purnell, of Balti- more, as a sort of Home Guard ; and was for some time on the Eastern Shore of Va.; afterwards on the Baltimore & Ohio R. E.. ; and more recently they have be n stationed at the Relay House, about nine miles from Baltimore. A majority of the Legion were, at one time, captured at Catlctt's Station, in Virginia, and underwent an imprisonment of seven months at Richmond. They were, I think, at Gettysburg and An- tietam, and seem to have suifered a great depletion of their ranks, since they were mustered into service. It is a strange coincidence, that I should be under the military surveillance of a body of men, organised by my wife's brother — a person f.r whom I have always entertained the highest regard, and who will acknowledge himself indebted to me for some of the most desirable advantages of his early life. How strange the times ! God gave me special assistance in the morning, whilst en- deavoring to expound and enforce that encouraging Scripture : Isaiah iv. 7, Ld (he iciclced forsake his way and the unright- eous man his thoughts, and let him return unto the Lord and He will have mercy upon him, and unto our God, for He xoill abundantly pardon. The truth was received with great attention, and I cannot but think some seed has been sown, that will ere long spring up and bring forth fruit to the honor and glory of God. ]My subject, at night, was one of great interest and im- poi'tance : Gen. v. 3, My Spirit shall not always strive with man. The congregation was profoundly attentive, and the sentinel 78 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR at the head of the stairs expressed himself as much gratified ; but the heat was oppressive ; I felt dull, and labored hard. It is a comf )rt however t) remember, that often when I have had the least personal satisfaction in preaching, the sermon has been attended with unusual blessing. Our company were allowed to walk out this afternoon, as Usual ; but I did not go out with them, lest my example should encourage those M'ho have no regard for the Sabbath. Some two or tiiree of the young men generally go in swim- ming, and usually make no exception on the Lord's day. I am glad to hear, that they abstained to-day. There has not been so much Sabbath breaking to-day. Sometimes, all kinds of work seem to be going on. I have seen the men in crowds, carrying boards, rolling barrels, haul- ing dirt, fishing, swimming, &c., just as on other days. With the military, Sunday is the great day for cleaning up, parade, and general display. This evening, we have had more drum- ming and fifing, than usual ; and long after we had retired, wo were annoyed by the noise of the band, serenading in the Fort yard. Can God pro.-per these Sabbath breakers ? There is sin enough of this kind, at the South ; but it seems to be greatly aggravated in the armies of the North. Monday, litK. — We have had a delightful breeze all day, and feel much refreshed by the change in the weather. Found it a good time, to scour our room, shahc the blankets, and have a general cleaning up. These duties, to-day, devolved more particularly upon Shreve, Atwood and myself; and we undertook them with great pleasure, for the sake of the exer- cise, excusing Tibbetts who is generally active in these mat- ters ; but to-day he was not disposed to lend a helping hand, as we were out of the usual routine. After "setting things to rights" about the room, tried my hand at washing an undershirt, and a pair of stockings; and succeeded wonderfully, in the absence of hot water, and good soap. DTTRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 79 Several deserters (captured as Confederate soldiers, and who have lately taken the oath with the " galvanized " men,) were, to-day, sent to Washington under guard. They are likely to meet with summary punishment for their vacillation, and want of principle. Thorn, and Wright were released, this afternoon, by taking the "oath of allegiance." They admitted, that the terms were hard ; but urged, that after six or seven months of close confine- ment, they were wilang to do anything to get back to their families. They left the Fort, shabby, and moneyless ; but hoped to find friends on the way ; and went the rounds of the prison saying *^ good-bye," with joyful hearts. Poor Ambrose, who was expecting a box of clothing from Wilmington, was much disappointed, this afternoon, on open- ing a box, brought up by one of the Yankee convicts, to find that it contained nothing but some stale bread, and cast-off clothing. He soon recognized it, however, as a trick of some of our wild young men ; and bore it with great patience, though he had engaged to pay a quarter to the porter. Old Capt. Jackson, who has been ill for several days, with dysentery, was this morning removed to the hospital, where he will be near the physicians, and get better attention than he could have here. Lieut. B., son of C. B., Esq., of Baltimore, came up into the hall, after most of us had retired, and (being under the influence of liquor) chatted away, fir an hour or more, to our annoyance and loss of sleep. He appeared to be in the best possible humor, and offered to do all he could for the comfort of our corps. Tuesday, 25th. — Spent most of the forenoon on the bed ; felt tired and unwell ; was anxious about my family, and longed for a release. Was surprised, by a call to visit the office of the General. Thought some one had been reporting certain free conversations I have recently held with soldiers of 80 tTNITED STATES BONDS ; OR the Purnell Legion^ bailing from the Eastern Shore of ^fary- land. Found the room full of young officers, curiously list- ening and watching. After a pleasant shaking of the hand, the General desired to know if I was ready lo "take the oath, and be released ?" "I can't do that, General," I rej^lied, with mildness, but promptly. " Then," said he "I can't release you ; and no one can do it, except tlie President." " Could I not be sent South ? " I inquired ; " or could I not be released, under a ])ledge to do nothing detrimental to the Government of the United States, while remaining in the Federal lines?" " Sit down," said he, " and Avrite me a statement of what you are willing to do, and hand it to me by 10 o'clock to- morrow morning." I thankfd him, and promised to comply with the request; but before I left the room, the General politely inquired about ray health ; and finding that I had suffered a good deal from indisposition, he presented me with a parole of the island, and suggested that I should make immediate use of it. This was quite an unexpected boon, and was of course gratefully ac- knowledged. After returning to my room, and receiving the very cordial gratulations of all the company, took a walk with Capt. Ball. Went to sec old Capt. Jackson ; found him very sick, and in a peculiarly tender and pleasant frame of mind. Talked, and prayed with him — the old gentleman shedding tears as I pro- ceeded in the prayer. I fear he is in a very critical condi- tion, as to the body ; but I trust he is, spiritually, not far from the Kingdom of Heaven. Hajoice with him. Oh ! that this good work may go on, until all our company shall feel the quickening energies of the Holy Spirit ! During my rambles, this morning, fell in with several Confederate physicians, — twenty-four of whom are now on the island, most of them belonging to the array of Gen. Morgan. Had some conversation M'ith them, in regard to the condition of the hospitals, and the health of the island. An article has ■reconily appeared in the Philadelpliia papers, si;:;ncd by four of Morgan's physicians, announcing the excellent smitary ar- xangcments at this Fort, and netting the average of deaths at only three a day. Great credit is given to Gen. Schc^pf, for general management, and to the physicians in charge, for skill, and attention. Dr. Marshall (Medical Director, and Chief, of the Physicians in Morgan's corps) informs me, that this newspaper statement is wholly Avithout foundation, in fact; and that the men who signed it, did so to secure personal comfort to th.emselvcs, whilst in confinement. He says that Dr. G , whose name is at the head of the signatures, is not what ho represents himself to be; and that neither he, nor his associ- ateSj have visited the hospitals; nor are they able to give any DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 83 statistics cleriverl from personal observation ; but that having become l)ets, with the authorities at the Fort, they have a fine time at their own table, which is well supplied with \.'getables, and other things sent by the Commandant. Dr. ]\Iarsha!l S'.ys the true state of the case is, that there Is a great deal of sickness, great scarcity of medicines, very little attention to the patients, and that the daily number ~S deaths far exceeds tha statement in the paper. He says that twenty- four men were sent away fir burial, day before yesterday, and eighteen on yesterday; and t';at the carpenter informs him, that he had made 1,000 coffins during the last two months. He also states, that there are five cases of small pox on the island ; and that the poor fellows are lying in tents, without mattresses, and in a niiserable conditio.n. Dr. Marshall and the other Confederate physicians are rendering all the aid they can in the way of prescriptions ; but he says, tliat these are un- heeded ; and that the sick men, often, lie until the daily return of the Doctors, without a single dose of medicine. Dr. Marshall's testhuony is corroborated by what I hear from other sources. Mr. Belt, — an excellent Christian man who belongs to our room, but who has been sick at Ilospital No. 3, and is now remaining there, as a nurse, — says that it is al- most impossible to get medicines for the sick ; and that they have been dropping off, every day, in great numbers. Capt. Jackson was lying in our room, for days, without the notice of a physician, though repeatedly sent for ; and even after he was prescribed for at the hospital, he was obliged to wait a whole day, before the medicine was furnished by the steward. A poor boy from North Carolina, who was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, was retained at the barracks for two weeks, in a condition of great filth, and suffering, before he was taken to the hospital ; and before they took him there, he was first robbed of his blankets, then of his oil cloth ; and with his wounds undressed, and offensive beyond endurance, he was left to die. Somehow or other, he at last secured some notice, 84 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR and was sent to No. 3. I saw the poor suiFerer, myself; and such an object, I scarce ever looked ujjon before. Emaciated ; his head shaved to free him from vermin ; a dreadful hole en- tirely through his right shoulder, and the left fearfully swollen ; he was sitting on the side of his iron bedstead, the very picture of grateful recovery from desertion, and neglect. Mr. Belt has been attending to him ; and he is now doing tolerably well. The appearance of the boy presented to my mind an indescrib- able burlesque upon humanity. A broad smile rested upon his thin face; he complained of no present suffering; and seemed really to be hippy in his improved circumstances. His mind had taken hold of the subject of religion, and he ex- pressed gratitude to God for his spared life. Met with Col. AVaring, at the steamboat wharf, in com- pany with a cou2:)lc of ladies from Baltimore, who were about leaving after visiting certain relatives at the prisoners' barracks. The Colonel tells me he has a prospect of release, in conse- quence of a heavy pressure by his numerous Union friends at Washington. His case is one of the most trvins: of which I have heard. Himself sentenced to imprisonment fur the war ; his family banished ; and his property, worth some two or three hundred thousand dollars, entirely confiscated.^ He is a noble, and generous hearted Marylander, about fifty-six years of age, and a perfect gentleman in his manners. The charges against him are sympathy with the South, harboring rebels, and directing contraband mails. He has been allowed a parole of the Island ; but is greatly restricted, even in minor privileges. He tells me, that he had once tried to get up to hear me preach, and had succeeded in entering the hall, but was immediately sent for, and ordered away. He showed me a letter, recently received, from Miss Julia Jefferson, of New Castle, in relation to a box of clothing for distribution among the prisoners, which he was not permitted to answer. i£>o reported. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 85 I think, nearly every person in our apartment attended at prayers, to-night, influenced, no doubt, by the news of Capt. Jackson's conversion. I endeavored to make some im- ])rovement of the matter ; and believe the whole company re- joiced in the result ; whilst there were those present, whom it was reasonable to conclude, were hoping for the same blessing, upon themselves. We had hardly gotten through with our solemn worship — and were sitting quietly in our rooms — before the ludicrous cry of Fresh Fish ! Fresh Fish ! was heard resounding in the halls, and a new comer was ushered into No. 6, with the in- quiry by Sergeant Cunningham, of " How much more have you in here?" Not liking the looks of the stranger, we became very clannish ; and some of our party plead the already crowded condition of the room. We invited the man to sit down, however ; and, in two minutes, a crowd pressed in, eager to see the new comer, and to know the charges against him. The man was about fifty years of age, well dressed, and carried a cane, and carpet bag. The usual questions were put, by the inquisition ; and every effort made, to discover the un- known. But, he was wholly non-committal, answering ab- ruptly, indirectly, and with witty cuts that raised the laugh upon every one who had the temerity to push an enquiry. Some became angry, and gave him short thrusts in return ; others stood by, waiting to see what he had to say ; while one or two continiTed to question, with the determinaticm to bring him out. But the fellow was too much of a Yankee ; and would neither tell who he was, where he came from, who brought him, what was his attitude, or what he expected ; but he was loquacious, sarcastic, humorous, and gave us half ar» hour of good cheer, and then left us, at the call of Cun- ningham, for other quarters, below stairs. We concluded, after the departure of this mysterious character, that he was a crazy, or intoxicated Yankee, who had gotten himself into some difficulty with the Lincoln government, and that he had been sent from Washington, for imprisonment at the Fort. 8G UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR I have, to-day, had the good fortune to get a letter frnm my daughter, Virginia, dated at Richmond on the 14th. . It came by flag of truce, via Old Point, and brings pleading lutslli- gence from my children at the South, from whom I have not heard, before, for several months. Sho informs me that the prayers of Christians in Richmond are offered in my behalf, at the union mcelings. Went to bed anxious, and excited, and could not sleep. Thursday, 27fh. — Visited Hospital No. 3, and found Capt. Jackr-on very weik and low, after a disagreeable night. His mind, however, seemed to be stayed oa Christ; and he ex- pressed his determination — God helping him — to stand fast, until de::th. Found a young man at the hospital from Northwestern Virginia, whose father is a j^reacher among the "Disci!)les of Christ." He has been sick for months, and is still ia a feeble and precarious condition; and was suffering for t!:e want of eufficient covering, the snpply of which i ~, at this time, v/holly inadequate to the demand. This young man is about nineteen years old, and was, once, a professor of religion, but since his connection with the army, has wandered far from God. He is again penitent; says he has made a new covenant with the Saviour ; and that his mind is, now, composed and hopeful. This case is only one of a thousand, perhaps, where t'lc influ- ence of wicked associations estranges ihe heart from God ; but alas, how many, unlike this young man, over return to their first love. In mercy, God has visited him with sickness ; and the sanctified affliction has, indeed, proven a blessing in dis- guise. Contracted a headache, from walking in the sun ; and was obliged to seek my berth. Felt somewhat better, in the after- noon, and took a walk up to the old barracks, in the western part of the island. Felt some hesitation in passing the guards, as the idea prevails, that the political prisoners are not allowed DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 87 to walk in that direction, nor to have communication with the prisoners of war. Was determined to make the trial, and passed on, hoping to obtain an interview witli some of our Ports- mouth boys, who were reported to be on the island. In cross- ing one of the bridges, found a young Englishman belonging to the PurnoU Legion. Had about fifteen minutes' conversa- tion with him. He said he had bien in this country only six months; that he joined the Legion for want of employment; that he had found himself oa the wrong side ; that the people of England and France both sympathized with the South ; and that he intended to cross the lines, just as soon as he could; but that he had to be very quiet. I' gave him some words of encouragement, and as I bade him good-bye, he expressed the hope that we might meet again. Passed by several sentinels, through a stable-yard, down the whole length of the new barracks, and by a dirty looking hospital ; and presently, found myself in the midst of hun- dreds of " poor rebs," who were crowded togeihcr, apparently in the most disagreeable confusion. The whole area, between the river and the old barracks, was filled with squads sitting here and there, or standing in close proximity at various points. The bank of the canal was literally swarming with men engaged in washing ; and everything had the appearance of dirt, and disease. Passing on, a young man whom I did not at first recognize, but presently found to be Elliot of Ports- mouth, spoke to me very pleasantly, and called my name. I told him, that I had M^alked over to hunt up our Portsmouth boys, and to see who were in the barracks. Leaving me a moment, he soon returned with a half-a-dozen young men, who severally introduced themselves as Brooks, Moreland, Grant, Valentine, &c. — each giving mo a hearty shako of the hand. I had before met with Bromley, and Neville, and had hoped to find R.obt. Daughtrey and Reynolds, but they did not make their appearance. I was glad to see the poor fellows, who little resembled themselves, in their dingy clothing ; and after 88 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR a luisty talk, I was obllgetl to leave them, as a great crowd was gathering, and I apprehended the loss of my p-irole. Told them, I would be glad to preach to them ; and that I had no doubt, liberty would be granted, should they ask for it — which they said they intended to do. I have a lot of shirts and drawers sent to me by Mrs. Rankin, of New Castle, fur dis- tribution among some young men, who can't be found. I shall, therefore, give them to these poor fellows, who are much in need. The new barracks, immediately in front of the Fort, and just opposite our window, are now nearly completed. The building, which is between 500, and 600 feet long has been put uj), entirely, by our Southern soldiers, who have been promised 40 cts. a day for their labor — those who have ^v•orkcd as laborers, and hands. Plundreds have only received an extra meal, and, possibly, a plug of tobacco. The work has really been a benefit to them, but it has been to me a sore thing, during my confinement, to notice how these men have labored, and to/hink of the thousands of dollars saved by such means to the U. S. Government. Hundreds have refused to lay hold— having means enough to buy wh.it little necessaries they may require for health, and comfort; but others are forced to help their enemies, in order to get enough to eat. The regular rations consist of one cracker, and a cup of poor coffee, in the morning, and a small piece of meat with a cup of soup at dinner. Sick or well, this is the allowance, both in quantity and kind ; and the general complaint is, that whilst it might be enough for a very delicate man, if properly pre- pared — yet it is not enough for a well man, and very many eat it only because they are obliged to do so, or starve. A young man named Jones, whose father lives in Tennessee, and is said to be worth $150,000, was observed at Avork to-day, carrying shingles. A son of the celebrated Thos. A. U. Nel- son, of the same State, is among the laborers, and like nearly all the rest is shabby, dirty and ragged. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 89 I find that money is plenty among the prisoners ; but as it is all Confederate scrip, it is of no value whatever, for present use. Many of the men have thousands of dollars upon their persons, and are often glad to give from $20 to $30, for a one dollar greenback. A fellow prisoner who has $3,000 with him, and who I judge to be a man of wealth at home, almost begged me, this morning, to let him have two one dollar greenbacks, for a couple of $20 Confederate notes. The manufacture of rings, and breast-pins, from gutla percha buttons, is one of the means resorted to by the prisoners to raise money. The number of these trinkets made is no less astonishing, than tlie variety of patterns. Some are set in gold ; others in pearl ; but the most of them are inlaid with silver, ingeniously fastened with rivets, bringing prices rang- ing from 10 cts., to $1. I have procured a number of them as prison relics, for my children, and friends. It seems, that such of the "galvanized men" as had given their names for the new cavalry company, are in trouble, on account of some misunderstanding as to what State they are to be accredited. They were to have been called the " 3d IMary- land ; " though, I am told, the name of not one Marylander appe;;rs upon the rolls — but the uniforms are furnished by that State. Little Delaware insists, that they were raised upon her s';il, and, therefore, belong to her. The quarrel has dis- robed the fellows of their jackets ; and if the difficulty is not adjusted, their jmnts will, in a day or two, be taken from them. What child's play, among the military wiseacres ! The gal- vanized infantrymen received, this afternoon, an instalment of their bounty. Received a basket of good things from Mrs. L. G. Vande- grift, of New Castle County, Del. Services, in the hall ; half an hour spent in writing ; and then to bed. Friday, 2^th. — It is reported, that two men made their 90 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR escape from the barracks, last night. They were twice fired upoii ; but it is thought, that no effort was made to strike them, as the members of the Purnell Legion are, manjof them, true Southern men at heart. Rumor states, that all of the officers' wives have been or- dered away from the island. No I'eason is assigned for this measnre. Gen. Sthoej)f, who left the island, day before yester- day, on a visit to Wilmington, returned to the Fort, this morn- ing. The visits of this dignitary are very closely watched, as every absence from the Fort is interpreted to have some con- nection with the release of prisoners. Spent the forenoon in writing; and did not walk out until after dinner, when I made another visit to Hospital No. 3; and extended my walk to two others, hoping to find a young man by the name of Howard, from Kentucky, whom I had been requested to see. Had another interview with Capt. Jackson ; f )und him delirious to some extent, but able to speak clearly about his hope in Christ. In answer to the question : "Do you love the Lord Jisus Christ?" he replied : ''Yes I do, with all mj heart." Noticing, that the old gentleman was looking upward, very intently, INIr. Belt asked him, what he was thinking about. "I am thinking," he said, "about Go;l,and ray eternal destiny." The Captain is evidently failing fast. God grant, that he may have a safe, and happy entrance into the world of light ! In moving around among the sick, I found two professors of re!igIo;i — one a sailor, of Northern birth, but lately from New Orleans; and the other a young Presbyterian, from Middle Tennessee. A youih named Stewart, from the neighborhood of Norfolk, manifested great concern in regard to the interests of his soul. All th 3 others appeared gratified, as well as th.ese, to have me talk, and pray with them. Received a b )x from Miss Julia Jefferson, containing many little comforts for myself, and a small lot of clothing for dis- tribution. It was amusing, to see the men trying on the coats, DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 91 vests, &c., and on going in'o th3 passage to hoar cartaln mis- chievous ones crying '' fre^Ii fish ! " as if the newly clad were strangGi's who had just been introducd. During my walk t'.iis afternoo:i Gen. Schoepf ssnt for me, to visit h's room ; but not returning until lata, ho had loft his office, and I failed to sec him. I sincerely hope, tins call may have something to do with my release. Not more than one or two were absent from worship to- night. Weather cool ; and fine prospect f jr a good sleep. Saturday, 2dth. — Got up early this morning, hoping to be release:!. Though not perfectly confident, fjlt sufficiently well assured to b;usli up, and black my shoes, desiring should I leave the prison, to make as good an appearance as possible, after forty days of confinement. Presently, a sergeant came to the room door, and called fjr Dr. Handy. Stepping into the passage, t'ac follow handed me an endorsed envelope, inquiring at the same moment : " Do you know that handwriting, Sir ? " "That ij my handwriting," I replied, immediately. A conversation then took placo, in regard to a lel-ter which I had sent to my wife, by private hand, to be mailed at New Castle, or Delaware City. Assuming an air of wonderful self- importance — " Don't you know," said he, " that it is against the rules to send letters from the Island without inspection?" — demanding, also, by whom I had sent it. I told him, that I had committed no crime; that I had done nothing more than he, or any other person would have done, under similar circumstances ; and that the letter was to my wife, and had been sent in that way, because it contained some things which I did not conceive to be important enough to be brought to the eyes of the Commanding General. The understrapper, evidently magnified by the big job which had 92 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR fallen inlo his hands, continued in an insulting manner, to catechize me about my reason for directing the letter to a third person ; shook his head incredulously, when I told him that it was di reefed to my wife's brother; and intimated, that I had been guilty of criminal correspondence; and, that I would have a hard time of it, if I did not give the name of the car- rier. I gave him no satisfaction, and ho left me swaggering and threatening as he retreated toward the office of the General. In the course of fifteen or twenty minutes, the sergeant re- turned with a manner somewhat altered, s'^iting that the Gen- eral wished to see me. As soon as I entered his office, Schoepf asked me by whom I had sent the letter ; and reminded me of my parole, intimating that I had been guilty of a breach of faith. " General," I replied, " it is my wish to act honorably ; and I do not know, whether it would bo proj^er to give information which may involve others in difficulty. This thing is done, as you are aware, every day ; and I have violated no pledge, inasmuch as my parole only binds me as it regards escaping from the Island. I appeal to you. Sir, what ought I to do ? Would it be right, to betray the person who has favored me?" He thought it would ; and said, that it would be worse for me if I did not. Ascertaining at this stage of the conversation, what letter it was, and that no evil could result from an acknowledgment, in part, I asked, if I could speak with him, privately. Whereupon, the sergeant, and a lieutenant who was present, took the hint, and left the room immediately. " I sent the letter, by some ladies Avho were on the Island, a few days ago." " Who were they ? " "They were strangers to me, and I do not even know their names." " Well now," said the General, " there is nothins: wrons: in this letter ; and had you sent it to me, it would have passed. Here it is — you can send it back to me, and I will mail it for you." DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 93 Thus ended the interview; and I r.-^turned to my room, safe and sound, with my parole still in my pocket — the loss of which was the only evil I feared. The only reproof offered was, "Don't do so any more." Altogether it was an exciting, and rather unpleasant affair; but I felt no compunction what- ever, for sending the letter, as I had done several others, in a private way — being under no pledge, or obligation not to do it, and suffering confinement against my will. Now, however, having chosen to say, " I will not send any more letters in this way," of course I shall be true to my word. After this little excitement, I walked out to the hospitals, and visited the sick in several of the rooms, at No. 3 and, also, by request of Lieut. Alexander called into No. 1 to see a Mr. Taylor of Kentucky, with whom I conversed, and prayed, ap- parently much to his comfort. Though not a professor of re- ligion, this young man has intimated his wish to become a Christian, and spoke of his morality and piety, as a Mason. He invited me to come and see him again. Found Capt. Jackson sinking fast, and generally delirious, except when aroused. The subject of religion was the only matter upon which he showed any clearness of apprehension. I spoke to him, as to a dying man ; and asked. If he were afraid to go ? He said he was not, and that, through Jesus Christ, he had hope of Heaven. In reply to the inquiry : "What message shall be sent to your friends in Virginia? " " Tell them," he replied, with peculiar emphasis, '' to put their trust in God their Maker." Before leaving the old man, I made a short prayer by his bedside — at the close of which, he responded, emphatically. Amen ! Found a very sick man from Alabama by the name of Brown, in one of the rooms. He seemed glad to have me talk and pray with him ; and confessed himself to be a great sinner. Indeed, all with whom I conversed, received me, gladly, and listened with attention to every word of counsel. The change in the weather has given several of them a " back- 94 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR Bet;" and the scarcity of blankets has caused much suffonng. This evil, I understand, will shortly be obviated by an issue of 10,000, which are to be distributed through the barracks, and ho-pitals. Iv. Lloyd, one of our men who was removed to t!ic hos- pital a d ly or two ago, was robbed last night, of all his money, and a lot of gutta percha rings made by himself, to take to h's family as prison relics. I feel sorry for him, as he is a clever fellow, and has been a good soldier, even to the loss of h:s health, and voice. He has not been able, for many months, to speak above a whisper. A musket, in the hands of the sentinel at the head of the stairway, went off by accident, this afternoon, sending a ball through the csiling above; but, providentially doing no further damage. The noise attracted a crowd, but they soon retired. During my ramble, to-day, met with young Dashiell, son of Geo. II. Dashiell, of Norfolk Co., Ya. He has been sick, and being so differently clad from his usual habit, I could only decide, that I had seen him before; and did not recall him, fully, unlil after we had separated. AYc had some ten or fif- teen minutes' conversation, in which I reminded him of the goodness of Go J, in sparing him through many dangers, and h's obligation to devote his spared life to His service — to all of which he assented. The usual services in the hall ; and early to bed. Sabbath, 30//i. — A Confederate soldier was shot last night, by one of the "galvanized" sentinels. He was waiting hia turn, at the rear, when the guard fired — the ball penetrating his skull, and killing him instantly. Tiie guard justifies him- self, on the plea that ho thought the man was trying to make his escape. Two of the convicts, who did make ^uch an at- tempt, were discovered, and brought back without injury to either. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 95 Early this morning, we received news of the death of old Capt. Jackson. After breakfast, I walked down to the hos- pital, to see the body ; and to learn what I could about his decease. He died in peace, at about 12 o'clock. I hope, and believe, he has gone to the " home of the blest." The corpse had, already, been removed to the dead-house ; and I did not go to see it. Returning to my quarters, I gave notice, imme- diately, of a funeral sermon, at 10 o'clock. Every man was in attemlance, at the hour appointed ; and I endeavored to im- prove the event, in a di-course from Ps. xc. 3 :. "Thou iurnest man to dcsiructlon ; and say est, return ye children of men" I hope it was not an unprofitable occasion. Perhaps, it was the first funeral sermon preached at Fort Delaware for a Confed- erate prisoner. Just as I was closing the services, a sergeant came running hastily up stairs; and after the benediction, informed me, through Tibbets, that Gen. Schoepf wished to see me, at his office, without delay. Now, thought I, surely the hour of my release has come I On entering the office, I found both it, and the adjoining room, filled with military men, most of them standing, and the whole party engaged in animated conversation. My entrance was not noticed, at first ; and I made my way directly to the Commandant, who seemed to be absorbed with his vi-itors. "You wished to see me," I remarked — with difficulty catching his attention. He was just replying, "I did not send for you" — when two officers approached, and were announced as Brig. -Gen. Tyler, and Col. Don Piatt — the latter holding in his hand a paper, which I instantly recognized as the document penned by myself several days ago, and sent to Gen. Schoepf, at his request. " I have been requested by some of your friends," said Piatt, "to see you about this paper; " and without further in- troduction he continued hastily : 96 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR "There are three items, here proposed, as conditions for your release, based upon the idea of a Southern Republic, which is not admitted by my Government." ^ " Why, Sir," he added, in a coarse and profane stylo, "you are all rebels, and ought to bo hung, every one of you." His object Avas, evidently, to brow-beat and frighten me, into measures ; or perha})s to magnify himself, as I stood be- fore him, a defenceless minister of the gospel — his confederates turning, for a moment, to hear his abuse, and acquiesce in his bravado. " IVIy position. Sir, as a prisoner," I replied briefly, " does not allow me, at this time, to debate so grave and important a question." At this point the conversation turned ; and Gen. Tyler ad- vancing, I inquired — . " Can I not be sent South ? " " That is just what we intend to do with you," said the military governor — "we don't intend to keep you here, sup- ported at the expense of the Government." I was proceeding to ask, whether I should have the privilege of seeing my family before the order was executed^ when the Colonel demanded : "How came your family in Delaware ?" I replied that I hid li'ft Portsmouth on a pass, very kindly, and unconditionally given me, by Gen. Dix ; and that my ob- ject was to bring my wife to see her mother, from whom she had been separated for five years — the mother and daughter both being in poor health. He treated my answer with con- tempt, sneered at the very idea, and uttering a damn, re- peated : " Yes, to see her mother, — to see her mother ! " "Then you are from Virginia," said Gen. Tyler. "That makes the matter worse ; you may be here as a spy." iSee Appendix C, for letter to Capt. Jamss M. GilUss, U. S. N., which repeats the three conditions here referred to. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 97 " Not at all," said I. " I came as a peaceable man ; for the benefit of my family, and M'ith no other motive ; " and was proceeding to make a brief statement of my trne status, when the General, and the Colonel, both "let loose" nppn me, each encouraging the other; bullying, and (logging me in a manner which I regarded not only as undignified, and un- kind, but wholly unbecoming the circumstances under which I appeared before them. In reply to a remark, that my position was j)recisely that of hundreds of good citizens in Delaware, and elsewhere, Avho were undisturbed ; and that I had neither said nor done more than they, Gen. Tyler remarked : *• I S'.'nt you here, on account of your position and influ- ence. Yon are capable of doing more harm than others. You have shown disrespect to the flag that has protected you ; and now you must take the consequences." Gen. Schoepf, who had been silent during most of this con- versation, now remarked : " I told you. Doctor, that there was no way of being re- leased, but by taking the oath." " General," I replied, " you are aware that I am a Vir-- ginian ; and I must stand or fall with my own State." " Oh," he rejoined, " Virginia is fast tumbling to pleeeSi. She must soon yield to her fate." Something was said about my having sworn allegiance to< the Southern Confederacy, with some other remark that I did not catch. " I have never taken an oath of allegiance of any sort," I replied. *'Then you can take this oath," said the General; adding,, (for what intent I know not, unless to help my conscience,) *'Sup[)o-c I present a pistol at your head, and say I will kill you unless you take the oath, you would d;) it, I know." I did not wish to enter into any argument; or to say oneAvord! calcukited to make my condition worse, and simply replied:. 7 98 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR " General, I am conscientious in the position wliicli I take ; ai. 1 I wish to act as a Cliristian man, and in the fear of God." The officers were now evidently getting tired of me* Tliey hiid not succeeded in drawing me int:) an argument; nor had they extorted a single word of violence from my lips. I may have appeared to great disadvantage as I stood before thera, hat in hand, — for I had not been invited to take a seat; and, perhaps they were gratified with their own fluency in abusive language — and especially the vulgar Colonel, with his rodom- ontade, and profanity. The conduct of Gen. Schcepf was in s'.riking contrast with that of Tyler, and Don Piatt. He was courteous, and I thought sympathetic, from the beginning. His tones were mild, and his address kind; and before leaving the room, I took occasion to hand him a copy of my published semion on " Our National Sins," as expressive of my views as a peace man. He received it with politeness; and folding it up, placed it in his breast-pocket. At this point, one of the officers propO:;ed a walk on the parapet ; so, bowing respectfully, I left them, and in a few minutes after, saw the three in close conversation, on the top of tlie Fort, — Gen. Schrepf gesturing with considerable animation. Such was my Sabbath interview, with the men who hold me in prison, on the fortieth day of my confinement. AVhat will be tlie result I know not; but, I cast myself on Him who careth for me; and who can "deliver me out of all my dis- tresses." Held our usual services in the hall, at 8 o'clock — my sub- ject of discourse being Conscience ; and the text, Prov. xx. 27 ; " The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord, searching all the inward parts of the belli/." I ought to have mentlon-d that Capl. Rawley left us on Saturday afternoon, after taking the oath of allegiance. A friend who had bcm instrumental in obtalnino: his release, was -iu waiting at Delaware City. He went off rejoicing ; and I DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 99 really felt ulad for him, as he had been a prisoner for about six months, and liad sulfcred greatly, by siekness, and elose con- finement. He has been treated with great injustice, in having been released at one time ; and then, in a few days, returned to prison, after paying two hundred dollars for his sh')rt season of liberty. At Fort McHenry, he was put in a filthy stable, with over one hundred and fifty Yankee convicts — there being little or no light or air, and all manner of wickedness perpetr.ited by his wretched companions. During his sick- ness, which continued for some weeks, he hud to give a man one dollar a night to watch him, and keep him from being trodden to death by the reckless crowd. As Capt. Rawley was the only professor of religion in our company, except my- self, I s-hall miss him much. He is a good man, but I think erred in taking the oath. A young man i.amed Simmons, from Baltimore, was brought into our apartment, this afternoon, from the barracks, to be sent home, to-morrow. His father is said to be a Union man, and has made some arrangement with the Government, to re- deem his son from the Confederate Arm) He appears to be decidedly with the South, and says he will not take the oath. We were ordered to-night to extinguish our candles, at half-past nine o'clock. Monday, Z'ist. — Spent some time, this morning, in writing, although it is difficult to fix the mind, under present circum- stances. I have one or two very important letters, yet, to write; but it is so irksome to attempt anything requiring continuity of thought, or accuracy of expression, that I really dread the task, though there may be misunderstanding, or loss from the neglect* A^isited the hospitals, again, to-day. Found that Mr. Brown had been removed from the small room, which he has been occupying, and that he had been placed on the bedstead occupied by Capt. Jackson. He will, now, be more comfort- 100 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR able ; but he is, still, in a miserable condition. The poor fel- low, having no use of the natural passages, is passing his water and excrement through tlie mouth. He is deeply convicted of sin ; and is anxious to find the Saviour. When I talked with him, on Saturday, he was unwilling to let me leave him ; and begged that I would remain a little longer, to talk and pray with him. Of course I did so. In answer to the question — " Do you feel yourself to be a sinner? " "Oh, yes," ho replied, "the worst sort." I left him, to-day, apparently in a better state both of mind and of body, though very low, and still unsatisfied. He has re- quested me, should he die, to write to his father a full account of his condition. Visited Mr. Taylor, again, in one of the tent hospitals, and found him still feeble, with no clear apprehension of the plan of salvation; but acknowledging the importance of the subject, and desiring to know more about it. In the same hospital, I found three men In a state of deli- rium ; and each of them very differently affected. One poor fellow, as soon as I began to talk with him, deliberately arose from his bed, and exclaimed, "You are the veiy man I want to see." He then began to tell me something about a fracas in which he had been engaged ; and said ho, " I was hung the other day, and I want you to tell me whether I am dead or alive, for I don't know." He also imagined himself in a fire, and talked otherwise so strangely, that I pi tied him exceedingly, and told him, that ho was very sick, in a hospital, surrounded by friends, and physicians, who Avishcd to take care of him. " Well, that is what I wanted to know," he said, and then laid down contentedly. In moving around among the sufferers, I find enough to make the heart sick. Suffering of every sort, and so little means to afford help ! The physicians have their hands full ; and are, perhaps, doing the best they can. Some are unskil- ful ; and others inattentive, or without due sense of responsi- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 101 bility; but their position is arduous, and every allowance is to be made. I think one of the principal deficiencies is the want of stewards, and proper persons to mix and administer the medici-nes. Sometimes a sick man lies from one to three days, Avitliout being noticed by a doctor; and then after the medicine has been prescribed, it is given to the patient or not, according to the inclination, or memory of the attendants ; and often the wrong medicine is administered, or in the wrong pro- portions, or at improper intervals. Old Dr. Arnott, the chief physician, seems to rely on giving the patient good nourish- ment, and generally so directs — often without feeling the pulse, or looking at the tongue ; and under th.c circumstances, he may be right, for the sick man i^.^ no doubt often killed by the mal- administration of the prescribed medicine. Learned, at the hospital, that a petition was sent in to the General, yesterday, by the prisoners at the barracks, requesting that I be allowed to preach to them. What reply was given, I could not ascertain ; but no order or permit was sent to me, affording so great a privilege. Nothing would give me greater pleasure, than to proclaim the Gospel to our noble Southern boys ; and, especially, would I be pleased to hold forth the Word of God, to those who have heretofore sat under my ministry at Portsmouth — a number of whom are now on the Island. "Was informed, that some of the Confederate prisoners made application for permission to come and hear me, yesterday, in the hall ; but they were told, that they could hear a Fed- eral Chaplain, in another place. The Rev. Mr. Paddock, an Army Chaplain, called in to see me this afternoon, whilst I was out walking, and left a number of religious newspapers, and small books for distribu- tion. I was glad to get the package, notwithstanding the war matter, and wrong teaching mixed up with many good articles, in the papers. For the sake of the good, I felt per- fectly willing to risk the evil ; as our company are generally capable of exercising a right judgment on the important ques- 102 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR lions at issue. I have, greatly, f.;It the need of good reading matter, since I have been here, not only f.»r my own use, but for circulation among the prisoners. How glad would I be, to have a heavy box of books, from the depositories at liich- moud, or Petersburg. IV. September. Tuesday, \st. — I have been suffering a good deal with headache, to-day ; and have kept my bunk, most of the time. These attacks arc occasioned partly by cold, and partly by the want of sleep. The mosquitoes, and bed-bugs are almost intolerable. Often I am tossing, to and fro, nearly all night, wishing for d.;y ; and then, only to be relieved by a change in the character of my distress. Prison life is becoming very irksome; and I begin to realize its debasing influence upon the mind, as well as its ill effects upon the body. Continuous thought is almost impossible, except in regard to one's own trials, and the dreadful state of the country. I find it almost impossible to read tlie Bible with composure. Everything around is of a distracting nature; we are in the mid5t of noise and confusion, from morning until night ; and even after we have gotten to bcil, there are, always, a few noisy fellows who are swearing, disputing, or frolicking until almost mitlnight, and some until morning hours. It is the unanimous opinion, that a great change has taken place, in regard to these matters, since I came to the prison ; but it "s bad enough yet ; and my heart sinks within me, when I notice the prevalence of sin around me. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 103 Visited the hospitals, as usual. Poor Brown is still very- ill — but probably a little better. Quite as anxious, as ever, on the subject of religion ; but expressing difficulty about fixing his mind. After a prayer, I was about leaving him, when he raised his lank and brawny arm to my head, and drew me ^'own. I asked what he want d to say. " Oh," said he, " I just want to pat your good liend." I feel a deep interest in this man, and pray God to spr.v ; his life. Had another interview with young Dashiell, who is now a convalescent at Hospital No. 1. Gave him a shirt, and pair of drawers, sent by Mrs. Ranliin ; and have also furnished him with some little articles from my own storj. How glad would I be, could I go around and deal out delicacies to th" sick, and talk and pray with those who are suffering. It is delightful, to find every one eager to hear the truth. There is certainly a religious influence pervading the minds of all our Southern soldiers, notwithstanding the irregularities that too generally prevail. Wednesday, 2d. — Twenty-five convicts were broujl.t to the Island, this morning — but from what point I do not know. Most of them are said to be deserters; and several are sentenced for five years — others for the war. The w^ater has been pumped out of the moat, just half way around the Fort, leaving the mud exposed, and causing a htr- rible stench, which I fear, at this season of the year, may bring on sickness, if the evil is not speedily removed. The design is, to wall up the banks — a work that will require months. Scores of prisoners, and soldiers have been availing themselves of the opportunity to catch the fish lying upon the mud, and floundering in the pools ; and many a poor fellow Ikis had a good mess of cat-fioh and eels, to-day, whilst others have pre- ferred to convert tlieir game into cash, an article ex:'eetlingly scarce with most of our prisoners. They have cerlainly paid well for their b >oty, by wading in black, and filthy mud, U]j to their knees. 104 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Wier, ancl Richards left the Fort, this afternoon, after taking the oath of allegiance ; as all who have been released, since I have been here, have boon obliged to do. They are both Delawareans, very genteel young men, of strong South- ern proclivities, and have left with the good wishes of all the company. Wier has promised to visit my wife, and post her as to my doings in prison. Wrote to my d.;ughtcr Virginia, and put the letter in the hands of the proper officer to b^ sent by flag of truco to Rich- mond. Requested her to sec certain gentlemen, and have 1 hem make an effort for my exchange, with any other minister of the Gospel (if such can bo found), in confinement at the South; Shall greatly rejoice, if such an exchange can be effe'ct d. A Mr. Alexander, from Lexington, Virginia, was brought in from the barracks, to-day, charg.-d Avi'di being a Major. He is a very sensible and intelligent man. The papers give us good news from our Confederate Navy — the Vanderbilt sunk ; two gunboats captured on the Rap- pahannock ; the si earner Louisiana taken on the Chesapeake Bay; and the Currituck, a large transport, has fallen into Southern hands. Well done fjr the navy ! Hope it is but the beginning of better things. In the hall, to-night, tried to make a suitable improve- ment of those words of Ilezekiah, "OA, Lord, I am oppressedy undertake for mc ! " A quiet and impressive time. Thursday/, 3d. — Spent the forenoon in Avriting, and in con- versation, with Mr. Alexander, whom I find to be a very clever fellow, and a nephew of my old preceptor, Rev. Dr. Alexan- der, of Princeton. He is a member of the First Virginia Cavalry, has seen a good deal of service, and has some fine anecdotes of the war. Pie was captured with a wa^-on-train in Pennsylvania, and has been a prisoner in Fort Delaware about two months. He is not an officer, as alleged, and insisted upon by the authorities here, who have not yet learned how DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 105 an intelligent man and a gentleman can occupy the position of a private. Mr. Alexander informs me, that his intimate friend at the barracks, is William Pitts, of Berlin, Maryland, — brother to Mrs. Mackey, Avife of the Rev. Wm. D. Mackey, of Snow Hill. Jack Pitts has been a prisoner here, but got oif witii the sick, who were sent to Richmond some weeks ago. Having received from my wife a basket of corn, potatoes, tomatoes, a fine piece of lamb and other good thing.-;, I con- cluded to give an entertainment ; and accordingly invited some six or seven persons, to dine with me. These, together with our regular mess, made up quite a company. ]\Iy object was to give some of my neighbors, who have had very little oppor- tunity for comforts, at least one good dinner. Tibb: ts hnd everything in fine order, and all regarded it as a splendid affair. It really did me good, to see how my companions en- joyed the meal. Alexander, who was one of the party, gave us an account of the destitution at the barrack^. He says the men are hungry, from morning until night, and are ac- tually starving by slow degrees ; that the one cracker, and morsel of meat which they get, twice a day, with a little coifee, and soup, are not enough for the sustenance of hearty men ; and that the cooking is so hard, that the delicate ones can scarcely swallow the food at all. The coffee, and soup have, generally, been made — until recently — from the water in a ditch, which has served as a receptacle for all manner of filth — even to the washings of the vessels used by the sick. Found Mr. Paddock at the hospital, this morning, distrib- uting peaches. It was affecting to witness the eagerness, with which the poor fellows received their one peach apiece. The truth is, they are suffering f )r nourishment, and for such deli- cacies as suit the palates of sick men. I believe, that scores have died for the Avant of proper foocl. The young man from St. ^Mary's county, INIaryland, is very low. He is a Roman Catholic, expresses strong confidence in Christ, and seems ready to die. Brown seems to be a little better. 106 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR After leaving t'le hospitals, and whilst seated in the shade near by, I noticed two young men, gathering water-melon and cantilope rinds, which had been thrown away by some one who had been enjoying the fruit, a moment before. They looked sick and feeble ; and I inquired what they were going to do wiih the rinds, chartrinjj them at the same time not to cat them, as they were carefully trimming them and paring off the outer skin. They replied, that they were going to pickle them, as the best thing they could do, in their present necessities. Oh, how I pitied the sufferers, and wished that I were able to help them to a little fruit, or a few vegetables. This was t!ie first tiir.e I had ever witnessed such a craving: for succulents. Five prisoners — a chaplain, surgeon, lieutenant, and three privates, arrived to-day, and were assigned to quarters. The first two joined the surgeons in their tents, outside the Fort, the lieutenant coming in with us, and the privates being sent to the barracks. Ciipt. Ball has been quite indisposed, for several days. To- day he is quite sick, and has had to send for Dr. Forrest, one of the Confederate surgeons, who has prescribed for him. He is very nervous, and seems to be completely Avorn out by long confinement. lie has resolved to take the oath, althouirh he revolts at the very idea. Our services were delayed until quite late, in conscqu nee of his illness. Parker, AVightman, and Welsh are all complaining. Two men, privates in the Purnell Legion, were poisoned last night, by some mistake in the administration of medicine — an ointment having been taken internally. One corpse was carried to the boat, this morning, and the other this afternoon — bo'.h in military style ; these being the first funerals of the kind that have taken place since I have been on the Island. Friday, 4th. — Another letter from my wife, affording com- fort in my imprisonment, which perhaps she cannot appreciate. DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 107 What a blessing that I am not denied this privilege ; and how- much have I to be thankful for, in the improved health of the various members of my family. Bless the Lord, oh my soul ! Made my usual visits to the hospitals ; found some improv- ing, and others worse, as to their bodily health ; and all grati- fied to have religinus advice and prayer. It is really abtonish- ing, to observe how readily accessible is every man, without exception. Testaments ai.d good books are lying about the beds, and all who are able, love to read them. The jwor man, from Maryland, whom I saw brought in a few days ago, is very ill, but seems t > be trusting in Christ. The sick men in the tent hospitals were removed, to-day, from the southwestern part of tlic Island, to new and comfort- able quarters near the old barracks. I hope the change may be for the better. There is still a great scarcity of medicine, which should certainly be remedied as soon as possible. While walking around, this evening, a little after 6 o'clock, a sentinel approached me, with a message from the Provost- Marshal, stating that an order had been issued, directing all convicts and prisoners to be in their quarters at six. I told him that I had a special pass from Gen. Schoepf, allow- incr me to walk until 8 o'clock : but he refused to look at it ; and though I insisted, he was satisfied with the delivery of the messaa-e of the Provost, and left me whilst I was urging him to inform that officer of the character of my pass. The Purnell Legion are quartered in the new barracks, im- mediately opposite our window. They are a jolly set, and are occupied every evening, until bed-time, in fiddling, dancing, singing, and othtT amusements. Sometimes, it seems as though they would tear down the very building above them. Spoke, to-night, on the subject of personal afflictions; and urged the company to look for help, to a source that is higher than man. Saturday, 5th, — Made the acquaintance of the Chaplain, 108 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR who came to the Island day before yesterday, and find him to be quite a pleasant man. His name is Frierson, and hails from Mississippi. Have invited him to preach for me to- morrow morning ; and he has consented to do so, if the waj be clear. Mr. Hand, the lieutenant who came with the Chap- lain, is a very genteel young man, sensible and modest. He has been suffering, since the buttle of Gettysburg, with a severe wound between the shoulders. Tiie Marylander at Hospital No. 3, died this morning, a few moments after I left his bedside. In reply to an inquiry, • he tried to give me a message for his friends ; but I failed to understand his words. His confidence appeared to be un- shaken to the end ; and he expressed perfect willingness to die. Perhaps this testimony, which may be all that his friends will ever get, will reach them, and afford some comfort. I think his name was Grey. He deferred coming to the hospital, entirely too long. "Wrote several letters to my wife, and to friends in Dela- ware. Sabbath, C)fh. — According to promise, Mr. Frierson came up this morning, and preached in the Hall, in my place. He ad- dressed us, on the subject of afflictions, in a short and interest- ing sermon ; after which I made a few remarks. Was pleased to give my little congregation some variety, as I have now been preaching, and exhorting, for about forty-seven dnys. At night, I preached from II. Cor. v. 3 : " We walh by faith and not by sir/ht." God givq me spscial assistance, and the attention was profound. I believe an impression was made •which will not soon be effaced. Oh, how glad would I be, to see some present result, in the conversion of souls. My hcjrt yearns toward the impenitent ; and I long to be instrumental in some great good, during my imprisonment. This has, probably, been the most quiet Sabbath we have had, since I have been in prison. There has been very little DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 109 work going on, out of doors ; and the prisoners have been unusually still. Servic3S have been held in different places around us, but at what points, and by whom, I have not been able to learn. Monday, 7th. — Had a conversation with Mr. Frierson, about alternating with him in our services in the Hall. Found him ready to take hold, if no impediments were thrown in the way. He went immediately to see Gen. Schoepf, in order to arrange this matter, and to obtain permission to visit the barracks. The last subject was first brought to the notice of the General, and meeting with a very positive refusal, the otiier Mas instantly dropped. Throwing up his hand, and snapping his finger and thumb repeatedly together, said the General : ''• I can't let you go to the barracks, Sir. You don't love your country. You can have a certificate to go to tl:e hospitals ; but you can't go to the barracks." The interview was so unpleasant that the Chaplain retired • without further words. Visited Hospital No. 3, and found poor Brown just breath- ing his last. Endeavored to arouse him, and to ascertain what were his hopes ; but it was too late. The case of this man has greatly interested me, and I had hoped, that he mi^rht live, and become a useful Christian. God has seen fit to order it otherwise. In the hands of a righteous God, I trust he has passed safely into the eternal world. When I asked him, a few days ago, if he could put his trust in Christ, he replied, " If I can't trust Him, Avho can I trust?" I intend to write to his father, according to his request. The few persons who still remained at the old hospitals were removed, at about noon, to the new buildings at the other end of the Island. Some of them are very low ; and others still feeble, and not out of danger. The poor f 1- lows are, all, suffering for something to cat, the food furnished at the hospitals being utterly repulsive. They get arrow-root, 110 tTNlTED STATES BONDS; OR and corn-starch ; but these are improperly prepared ; and ihey frequently lie for hours, or days, longing for something ihey canpot g;'t. I cliippcd up some dried beef, a few days ago, and tof)k it around for distribution, greatly to the delight of nearly every man in the rooms. It is thought numbers die for want of prop r nourishment. One poor fellow, M'ho had gotten a good deal better, in his anxiety for some change, bought a lot of wild purslain, and boiled it up for greens, which produced a relapse, and killed him Very soon. He died yesterd:iy morning. Mr. Belt, who has been staying at the hospital f )r some five or six weeks, came back yesterday. lie loft our room an invalid, but has been well for some time, and has with a very benevolent spirit, been dcvoUng himself to the care of the sick. He is a Christian man, and a member of the Episcopal Churcl), who suffers his light to shine, and by a daily example, is doing good. A Mr. Thomas, of Florida, and Lieut. Lee, of Arkansas, were brought in to-day, as officers, to be sent with others, after a while, to Johnson's Island. Tuesday, 8th. — 'Capt. Ball, who has been sick for several days, is now much better, seems more cheerful, and is anx- iously waiting a release. He, and I, are the only persons on our floor who have " paroles of the Island." We find this privilege not only agreeable to ourselves, but veiy useful to those about us; as we are delegated to do all the purchases, at the sutler's. Wc, thus, save the company a considerable per centage, which has, heretofore, been paid to a Yankee convict, who has frequently not scrupled to take advantage of his employers. This sutler shop, by the way, is a convenience as well as a great nuisance. The establishment furnishes many articles of necessity and comfort, which we cannot obtain else- where on the Island; but the charges are exorbitant, and there is no spirit of accommodation^ whatever. I have pitied BUEESS BY FEDERAL AtTTHOElTY. Ill the poor prisoners, who are gruffly spoken to, allowed uo choice in the purchase of article s, and ordered off as soon as the supply is obtained. Competition would set maiters to rights, but a monopoly seems to be encouraged, and a fortune is being ma^le by one — or more. Saw Gen. Sclicepf go into the back door of the sutler's establishment, this morning, and occasionally see him enter the lager beer saloon. He is said to be very fond of lager, and hereby a rea^^on may be afforded for the variableness of his temper. I make no charges, however, as I have had no per- sonal observation of his habits. Had an interesting conversation with Capt. J. B. Alex- ander, Porter, and others, on the subject of death, the immor- tality of the soul, and future punishment, — having been ap- pealed to as umpire in a discussion among these gentlemen. They heard my views with respect and attention, and I tliiiik an opportunity was afforded for considerable impression. God bless the result ! Saw two convicts chained together, as a punishment for attempting an escape. They are the same, who were referred to in another part of this journal. The jjunishment is cruel — both hands of each being confined, and the inconvenience and pain very great. Other punishments equally barbarous, are frequently inflicted. The ball and chain is an object of com- mon observation — numb is of the poor fellows are going to, and fro, all the time, with this annoying weight appended to their heels, and not unfrequently carrying other burdens in ad- dition. The noise of the balls is heard every hour, in the apartment below, ever reminding us that we are prisoners, and that they who treat their own thus, can have no scruples upon the slightest pretext, to deal with vengeance upon their enemies. I am glad to find, that one of the severe punishments, formerly in vogue, has now been abolished. Until recently, it was customary, to put the refractory convict astride a cannon, on the parapet, with his hands tied behind, and 112 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR his legs fastened underneath, leaving him for hours, to punish in the hot sun. A man who was thus tortured, before I came to the Island, f II back iu agony, and was taken up for dead. This catastrophe ])ut a stop to the business. Some of the young men had quite a frolic this morning, with Uncle Jimmy (J "NV ), which had liked to have resulted seriously. There is something about this M'orthy, but somewhat eccentric person, which invites to practical ji iking. The boys were just in the humor for s;iort ; ar.d worried the " old gentleman," exceedingly. He could stand it no longer, and rushed upoa the ring-leaders, with desperate intent. But his good nature soon took its accustomed place in the ascend- ant, and they f )rtunately escaped ; but they have now reached the ne plus ultra, and had better let him alone for the future. We received news, to-day, of the Federal occupation of Knoxville, and of the negotiation of Commissioners at City Point, in relation to an exchange of prisoners. Wednesdai/, dth. — Quito an excitement prevails on our floor, and among the surgeons, in relation to the probability of an early exchange of prisoners — Mr. Lincoln having announced that the late cartel shall not be interrupted by the indispo- sition of the Southern Government to enter upon an indis- criminate cxch.aiigc fir negro captives. It is astonishing to notice, how the feelings of all around are influenced by the slightest reports in regard to this subject. Sometimes there are the highest hopes, and again all are in despair. We are shut out from all reliable intelligence, and can have no means of ascertaining the purposes of the Richmond Government; but there is a prevailing impression, among the political prisoners, that they are neglected. Some, who have been lying in prison six months or more, seem to be completely worn out, and cannot understand, why, after the sacrifices made at home, and since their confinement, not one cheering word reaches them from the South. For myself. I think that there is some DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 113 impediment, which from our standpoint, it is impossible for us to see, and that the Government is not without interest, but un- able to do what it would. Certainly those who have spoken, and labored for the cause, subjecting themselves to the hate and abuse of the Federal Government, though they may never have moved in the ranks, are yet entitled to as much sympathy as those who have exposed themselves on the field of battle. I find that our religious services are continuing to effect important changes for good. Several young men, Avho have been hard swearers, have resolved to give up the practice; and, for a number of days, they have adhered to their purpose. The card-playing is also nearly broken up, and I have strong hopes, that it Avill be entirely abolished. My views on the subject were solicited in No. 2, a few days ago ; and the mat- ter was examined with earnestness and interest. An impres- sion was evidently made, and the effect continues. It is gratifying, also, to find, that some two or three backsliders are being reclaimed. A man in No. 4, heretofore a hard case, has recently come to himself, and has taken hold with zeal, in the work of reclaiming others. He has made open acknowledg- ment of his late defections; and says, God helping him, he in- tends to do his duty in future. He once maintained such a vindictive spirit, that he had resolved upon taking the lives; of two men who had injured him. He now regards his im- prisonment as a means intended by the Almighty, for good ;: and his chief desire for release is, that he may give pleasure to- his family, in his great reformation. Pie says all he desires for the future is to get home, go to farming, attend closely to- his own business, harming no man, and living in the fear of God. The ring business has received a new impetus, on our floor.. An astonishing number of persons are engaged in this Avork, either merely to have something to do, or to make, with their own hands, some little memorial of prison life, to be presented to friends and kindred. Our principal adepts in this business 8 114 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR are Lucas, Robert Lloyd, Atwood, J. B. Alexander, and Shreve. Some of their specimens are truly beautiful, and will be highly valued by tlioso who hold ihcin. Mr. Belt, who is quite a mechanical genius, amnses himself in preparing models of i)lows, cultivators, and other agricultural iraidemcnts — some cf which will, by-and-bye, be pate:ited by our Confeder- ate Government, teaching the world that s:)me things can be dcme at the South as well as at the North. He has a model for a cultivator, with two shovels for turning the earth, first from the corn, and then back again, which must supply a very import.int nceil, and come into general use. A novel sight was presented, this afternoon, in the case of a young man by the name of Antony Joseph, who Avas ])araded through the Fort yard, and around the barrack ■;, Avith a barrel over his head, and a placard in front, with the inscription: "A thief who steals su(/ar from the sick.'' The fellow, who is from Alabama, had been a ward-master at one of the h' spitals, and is the same who stole the money and rings from old Captain Jackson, and Robert Lloyd. The punishment, though very degrading, was perhaps not more than he deserved ; as he is -an old offender, and has been guilty of almost every variety of meanness. It is said, that he took liquor prescribed for tlw 'dying, and administered laudanum to put to sleep various per.-ons whom he wished to rob. It was an odd sight, to see him marching along, barefooted, preceded by a drummer, and followed b}' a soldier with a musket. I hope the effect will be salutary upon others. Have been suffering all day, with violent jiains in my neck and shoulders, resulting from cold, occasioned by f«leeping with my bed under a draft from the window. We are obliged to submit to various inconveniences, arising from the variety of notions and habits — that wdiieh suits one, bcinor alto'nther unsuitable or displeasing to others. I have always tried, as far as possible, to yield my owu convenience, and comfort, to those xiround me. DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 115 Thursday, lO'h. — Took an early morning walk; and found twelve dead bolies being carried to tlic boar, for interment, on the Jersey shore, where tlje Government has purehase;!, and laid ofT, about two acres as a cemetery,^ Rev. ^lessrs. Pad- dock, and Way were in conver.-ation, on the bridge-, over tho moat, on the northeastern side of the Fort. As the ambulance came alonr, I i -.quired whether there would be any objection to my attending the s Tvice. They thought not; and the Pro- vost-Marsh d coming along, gave full permission. So, in company with Mr. Frierson, I walked on — (he four ministers going on tho boat. There were but few persons to witness the service ; and perhaps no one on the boat knew anytliing about the poor fellows who had died so fir from home and friends. The service, as conducted by tho Federal chaplains, was very short, and the boat moved off as soon as it was closed. After it was all over, eight or ten Confederates came along, expecling to be present, a:ul regretting their disappointment. I was glad (o have this opportunity ; but felt sad, as I gazed upon the rough, ill-made coffins, and witnessed the coolness, and indifference manifested in the whole scene. Tiie two chaplains Avere polite, less reserved than hereto- fore, and seemed disposed to have ]\Ir. Frierson and myself join them in their work, at the hospitals, and barracks. Nothing would gratify me more, I assured them, than to spend all my time, in laboring upon the wide and rich field before us. ]\Ir. Paddock said, he would speak to the General about it ; and I have some hope of extending my usefulness among the hundreds, who would gladly hail me, as a minister of Jesua Christ. A Mrs. Smith, formerly, I think, of Washington, who lias lately visited the Island, had a very plain talk with Gen. Schoepf, and expressed great surprise that he, a Hungarian, 1 More than one thousand prl^orrers had been burled on the Jersey shore prior to July 11th, 1 G3. See letter of Ucv. W. II. Paddock, Thaplain U. S. A., to Hon. Geo. II. Stuart, iu the Second Annual Report of the U. S. Christian Com- jnissiou. 116 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR should have taken sides with the North in this great contro- versy. The General, who is always polite to the ladies, is said to have taken it admirably, and remarked, that he. had hoped the war would end without the subjugation of the South ; but that recent developments indicated that such would not be the case, — yet he believed that Charleston would never be taken. A feeling of gloom seems to parvade our company, caused by the news of the taking of Knoxville, and Chattanooga, and in consequence of other late disasters to the Confederate arms. These reports may prove untrue, or should be taken with great allowance. My hope is in God ! He will do tliat which is right, and for the best ; His name shall be glorified ! Received two large baskets from Delaware City, and got two men, with a guard, to go with me to the Avharf, and bring them to the Fort. Found many things for a good supper, and invited several friends to come and partake with me. AVe had two small tables — Thomas and Alexander silting Avith us at the first, and Welsh and Alkire at the second. The singing last night, and to-night, was greatly improved, in consequence of an hour's practice, before prayers. To-ni^ht, the good old hymn of Cowper, " Oh for a closer walk with God ! " was sung with great zest. Friday, Will. — Counted twelve coffins on the wharf, each enclosing a dead body to be taken to Jersey for burial. Three or four persons are generally put into one grave, and although cards are tacked upon each coffin, designating the individual, sometimes they are rubbed off; and I am told, that they are very careless about trying to discover the names of the deceased. The Confederate surgeons, who have heretofore been occuj)y- ing tents, have nowmovtd into a small frame building, which has been hitherto used as a hospital. Having been fitted up with bunks, and yellow- washed, it affijrds a much more comfortable sliclter than the surgeons have hitherto enjoyed. They desired to have a partition in the building, and were DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 117 proceeding to have it erected, when Gen. Schoepf discovering the plan, vetoed it at once ; scolded severely, and threatened to have the man who dared propose it, sent to the barracks. Strange, that he should have been excited about so small a matter, the design being simply to have a private apartment, for the convenience of such as do not wish to be disturbed by the noise or disagreeable habits of those of a different tem- perament from themselves. On taking possession of the house, several wild fellows imbibed freely, and thus had what they profanely called a " christening." Had a conversation with Mr. Frierson, about the propriety of commencing some religious service without delay, in his new quarters. He is trying to make arrangements to do so; but has some impediments, which I hope he will be enabled to overcome. He has ascertained, that several of the physi- cians are pious men, and has this to encourage him. Met with one of the galvanized men, under circumstances that gave me an opportunity of learning something definite, in regard to the views and feelings of these poor fellows, who seem to be shunned alike by " Yankees " and " Rebels." He took the oath, lie said, to get out of the war; and because his own-section (North Alabama), was in possession of the Fed- erals. He had found himself mistaken, however, in relation to the prospect of relief; and was in no better condition than before. His feelings were as true to the South, as ever ; and so, too, with two-thirds of liis comrades — many of whom, after they had done the act (taken the oath), sat down, and cried over their folly. Got a box of second-hand clothing, from Mr. Bright, of "Wilmington. I distributed its contents, to such of our fellow- prisoners as were in need. Many of our number were brought here, with just such clothes as tliey happened to wear at the time of their arrest ; and as some have been confined from three to six months, they are, now, sadly in want. "Was glad to find a good lot of tracts at the bottom of the box, most 118 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR of them bearing the imprint of the Presbyterian Board of Publication. J. B. Alexander took his departure this afternoon, having been released through the influence of a rcla'ive in Wash- ington, who brought an order from Lincoln himself. One of (he clerks, Avho saw the autograph, says it was a perfect curiosity as to penmanship and general appearance. It was written on a scrap cf paper, in 8chooll)oy style, a::d covered with blots. It was genuine, however, and was respected ac- cor iingly, by delivery of the young man lo his uncle, :is soon as he had taken the oath. This is not the first time he has done (he same thing ; and he will, no doubt, bo in the army again before long. Cooper, also, left us to-day, after taking the oath. Saturday, \2ih. — Fourteen coffins, lying on the Avharf this morning, exhibited the mortili.'y of yesterday. Henry AV. Lonj', a citizen of Sussex county, Delaware, and a resident of Baltimore Hundred (where I used to preach years ago), was brought into our apartment, and took up his quarters in No. 4, with Griffith and Lovctt. He says, Dola- ware is all right for the South, if she could only be allowed an untrammelled, and honest expression ; but there is no lib- erty ; and every man is afraid to speak loud enough, to be heard by his nearest neighbor. lie thinks the Home Guards, lately dismissed from this i)laco, haYe gone home, " all ri^ht," and that they will vote right, when an opportunity {•> afforded. Had a conversation with three young meii, Avho have been detailed to bury the dead. One of (hem, named So^tt, from Mississippi — a member of Bankhead's Brigade — handed me an envelope from Miss Julia Jefferson, upon which s!:e had written my name, when vi-iting the cemetery in Jersey, and stated that she wished me to furnish him Avith certain articles of clothing, when she next sent a box. This young lady is a true friend of the South, and will be remembered with grati- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 119 tude by scores of our brave Confederates, who are now suffer- ing imprisonment. Scott says that the average of burials is about twelve, a day. He also states, that the sickness is occasioned, in great measure, by the imprudence of the men themselves. In their eagerness for change of diet, they are continually catching cat- fish, that feel about the sinks; and with these fish, they make half-cooked messes and gorge themselves to excess. The boiled meat, furnished by the Yankees, is also very bad for the bowels. All this, with change of weather and scarcity of clothing, and blankets, has greatly aggravated the tendency to disease. Capt. M , of the Purnell Legion, who, son:e days ago, insulted a lady who had been visiting a relative, in prison, has been arrested ; and is held for trial by court-martial, having been offered his choice, as to the trial or an imme- diate resignation of his commission. Shame to this Mary- land man ! An article has appeared, in the Washington Star, stating that two unconditional Union naen, Wm. Williams and Robt. Hollingsworth, of Loudoun county, Virginia, have been ar- rested by Col.. Elisha White, and forwarded to Richmond, where they will be held as hostages for my room-mates, Capt. "H. A. Ball, and Mr. A. C. Belt, of the same county. This arrangement suits the feelings of Messrs. Belt and B.:ll very well, if it leads to a fair exchange ; but they are somewhat apprehensive, that it may cause the cords to be drawn a good deal tighter, and perhaps, result in a. longer imprisonment. They are, nevertheless, much gratified to find that they are not forgotten, and appear to be more cheerful, and hopeful. The corner-stone of an Episcopal Churcii was laid on the Island, this afternoon, with considerable pomp and parade. All the military were in attendance, together Avith numbers of stragglers, and several ladies. The services werccontlue cd by Bishop Lee; assisted by the Cliaplains attached to the 120 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Fort. I was not present at the ceremony, as I supposed the military were simply moving out for a review; but I am told, by Mr. Frierson, that the address was very good, and the services interesting. The stone was laid in the usual manner, with deposits of a Bible, newspapers, coins, &c. Do not know, Avhy it should have been an Episcopal Church ; as it is intended, I suppose, for tlie use of men coming from all denominations, and the Chaplains must represent various churches. My friend. Dr. Fromberger, informs me, that he is now required to spend his nights on the Island. His duties are arduous ; but he is conscientious, and has the confidence of the hundreds of poor sufferers under his charge. Sabbath, ISfh. — I endeavored to vary the character of my sermons, this morning ; and preached on the subject of 3Ii/s~ terics, from John v. 3, "How can these things bef Here- tofore, I have been as practical as possible, and tried to confine myself to the fundamental truths of religion, using especially those considerations which have been best calculated to bring to conviction, repentance, and to Christ. To-day, my object was to remove the scepticism of some, who are stumbling over difficulties. Preached nearly an hour, with comfort to myself, and I trust with profit to the congregation — having an inter- ruption of about ten minutes, towards the last, caused by the clanking, and rolling of the irons attached to the convicts, who were coming into dinner. At night, preached from Job xxi. 7, " Whi/ do the wicked live ? " Was again disturbed, by the noise below stairs, which is frequently an intolerable nuisance; but we dare not say anything, kst it should be made worse. Most of our company took the usual walk. I did not go out; but tried to occupy the recess between services in reading. Had considerable difficully, however, on account of the loud talking, and newspaper reading, which were constantly going DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 121 on. But I have no reason to complain, as I am told the Sab- bath behavior is wonderfully improved, since my coming to the Fort. The card-playing is now wholly given up, for the day; there is no audible swearing; and the general deport- ment is good. Am g'ad to hear, that the inmates of No. 3 continue their good resolution, in regard to the observance of the Third Com- mandment. They have formed themselves into a sort of so- ciety, for the suppression of the vice of swearing; and have bound themselves, by a penalty, to lose one ration on each offence. Tibbets, who has been doing a good service as sexton, now finds a valuable assistant in Mr. Belt, who is always trying to be useful. Our friend B. has also initiated a sing-ins-class, and considerable interest has been awakened on the subject of church music. Several of the young men have been practising with zest, and we are likely to have a mucli better time in future, in this interesting department of worship. Monday, \Ath. — The mosquitoes, and bed-bugs are still very annoying. Had another troublesome night, and arose this morning, with reluctance. Noticed twelve coffins on the wharf, to be sent to Jersey ; but am told, that the number of deaths, yesterday, was six- teen — four bodies having been retained for want of coffins. Wiiilst talking, this morning, with a poor bare-footed " Rebel," the Provost-Marshal noticed the conversation, and approaching the spot where we stood, asked the young man if he were not a prisoner of war, and ordei'cd him away imme- diately. He made no remark to myself; but I have reason to believe, that he kept a close eye upon me, and that he prob- ably regards me as a mischievous person. In this instance, I was talking to the poor fellow about getting him some clothes. He had asked me, if I could not get him a pair of shoes; and stated that he had no clothing, but what he wore at the time — 122 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR his pants b.'ing a ])a:r of cast-off Yankeii blue, and his otlier garni' n!s .sc:nty, and much worn. Would that it were in my power, to fur.iish these noble fellows, with such things as they neel. Th;y have much to discourage them, but are generally standing firm, and seem w'.lli::g to do, or suffer, anything f>r tiieir beloved Soutli. It gives mo gr^eat plea- sure, whLn?ver I cm got a chance, to furnish ihom with whatever g )od news I have picked up, and to clieer, and comfort tliem, all I can. In the barracks, they are com- pletely shut out from all sources of inf >rmation — the policy of the Government evidently being to make their condition as degrading, a::d as disa^r. cable, as it can wtll be, and yet the name of humanily and civilization be retjined. A vcss 1-1 lad of c:irn was rolled into the Fort yard, this afternoon, by ihe "rebs." Every now and then, a barrel-head would burst out, affording tlie men an opportunity to fill their handkercliiefs, or pockets, which t'.iey did with avidity. This arrival, doubtless, creates great joy ; as the prisoners are sick of hard crackers, and have been longing f )r the ash-cakrs and Indian pones of the South. At the hospitals, especially, I have seen the sick, wishing anxiously for corn-bread — a comforting memori.d of "home, sweet home." More "fresh fish," this afternoon, and a good haul from that inexhaustible source — the barracks. The names of three young men thus promoted are R. D. Green, Russell, and Intnan, all charged with being Lieutenants. Mr. Frierson tells me, that he has been unable to make the desired arrangements for religious services among the surgeons. Most of them would, probably, take great pleasure in having some regular means of grace ; but others are not only pcrf -ctly careless, but opposed to everything of the kind. The attempt to have preaching, on yesterday, was entirely frustrated, by certain sportsmen, who spread out a table, and commenced their usual routine of car;ls. Tliese same fellows have been " sprceing it," very freely, to-day ; and two of them have dis- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 123 graced themselves in a fight. Gen. Schoepf, huvhig been noti- fied t;f their excesses, has revoked a pjnnission he had granted, to provide th.mselves with one gallon of lager hecr p^r dny ; and now, ])erhr.ps, they will bch:>vo thvmsi.'lve5 better. S::range, that educated young men should disgrace themselves in this style. Three of our Conf^ederate? were shamefully biiyonotted, ycste;day, by an i'l-naturcd s?iitine1, simply becau-e they pre-sed rather hard, in pas-ing to dinner, or at some other necessary call. The men had "done notliing more thin usual; and the thrust, each time, was unknown to those behind. One of them is said to have been very ba lly hurt. Received letters from two of my children — Gertrude, and Mo-es — who are both greatly troubled on account of my im- prisonment. Tuesday, 16th — Visited the wharf, to get the report of yes- terday's deaths among the prisoners of war. Found eighteen coffins, ready to bo sent to the Jersey shore; and, in t!ie distance, saw Chaplain Way reading tlie funeral service. Had an in- terview with one of the hospital stewards, who was on his way to the offici', with his daily rej^.ort ; and found, that the true number of deaths yesterdy was fifteen — three of the coffins at the wharf containing the bodies of men who had died the day before. Two deaths were from small-pox. Had the pleasure of receiving two large baskets of vege- tables from my Avife, and a box of clothing from Miss Julia Jefferson. The latter was iut; ncled for the use of our young men from Portsmouth — some of wliom arc in great need. Saw Capt. Ahl, about my g 'ing to the barracks to distribute the articles. He said, that it would bo necessary for him to con- sult with Gen. Schcepf, before making a reply. . Several more officers, (whose names I did not hear,) came in from the barracks. Quite a stir among the prisoners, on 124 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR account of the prospect of several of our number, leaving for Johnson's Island, in the morning. The attendance at prayers, to-night, was so large that we had some difficulty in seating the congregation. Extended the services ; and tried to adapt my remarks to the expected sepa- ration of to-morrow. The meeting was solemn, and was closed with the doxology, and a benediction. Wednesday/, IQth. — Eleven officers left us, this morning, for Johnson's Island, in charge of Capt. Ahl, accompanied by a guard of four men. We regretted, exceedingly, to part with this large detachment from our number, and especially with such men as Thomas, Price, Lee, and Hand, — all of them worthy fellows. Thomas is from Florida, and is an intimate friend of Capt. J. T. Bernard, son of my excellent friend and brother. Rev. O. Bernard, of Portsmouth. He regretted to leave, having some hope of being sent to South America, as he is physically unable to do anything more in the service. He was hoping, also, to have the return of a valuable watch and chain, which were taken from him by an officer in charge, when he came to the Fort. Price is a Mississippian, of excellent habits, and a first-rate Southern man. After he had joined the army, his mother commended him to God, and said : "Thomas ! I had rather, far, that you should die an honorable death, on the battle-field, than be lounging about home, doing nothing." Lee, and Hand are, both, amiable, and genteel young men ; the first from Arkansas, and the other from Xorth Carolina. Hand was severely wounded at Gettysburg, whilst occupying a peculiar position in repeating orders. Witnessed a horrible spectacle at Wharf Xo. 3, which I vis- ited to count the coffins ready for interment — a drowned man swollen to a most unnatural size, and with both eyes and his lips entirely destroyed by fish and crabs. Blood appeared about the neck ; and the hands, which were thrown up, were bleached to snowy whiteness. One hundred and thirty-five DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 125 dollars and thirty cents were found in his pockets ; but nothing could be found identifying his person. He was dressed in blue, and was supposed to have been a Federal soldier. As I gazed upon this loathsome object, involuntarily rose to my lips the exclamation, Mliat is man f Nine coffins on the Avharf. Capt. Ahl having given me no reply, in regard to the dis- tribution of the clothing, I applied to the General, who re- quested me, to furnish him with a list of the names, promising to send for the men. On handing him the list, he asked me to select two of the most reliable, and sent a sergeant to bring them up. Availing myself of t!ie opportunity, I gave the names of Robert T. Daughtrey, and Arthur AV. Harvey, and soon had the pleasure of seeing these young men in my room. I prevailed upon them to stay, and take dinner with me — and being pretty well supplied, in my larder, at this time, gave them some extras, which they seemed to enjoy. Had several hours' C(mversation with them ; told them whatever I thought would interest them about home ; and sent them back to the barracks, with a box full of clothing for their needy com- panions — besides various articles in the way of vegetables, cakes, &c., for themselves What a pleasure it is to help these home-folks, not only as the almoner of others, but from my own little store. A young man, named Williams, came in from the barracks, just too late to be sent to Johnson's Island. He is a Lieu- tenant ; has been in fifteen battles ; and has been wounded three times in the same leg. His father, who is a tobacco planter, in Warren county, is not yet informed of his where- abouts. He has been endeavoring to hide his grade, and was afraid of being betrayed by correspondence. Two of his brothers have fallen in battle. A mulatto man, for whom his father gave §1,900, is going at large, on the Island, far better dressed than his young master, and is, no doubt, making money. The servant, who is a good blacksmith, says he is determined to get back home, as soon as he can, and that he 126 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR will never again desert the South. I liavc, frequently, seen thiis darkey, and have been attracted by his fine appearaneo. Walke.l out with Mr. Fricrson, and spent a ha f l.our or more, in CDUversation, under the trees, ne^r the residenco of the General, and in full view of the new hospital. E-cturning, took a survey of the site of the new church, wliich is likely to go up with considerable rapidity. Most of the labor; rs em- ployed are convicts, and I counted five who carried the ball and chain. Found Chaplain Paddock, on the wharf, just leaving for Ph.ladelphia, to sec his son, who has been severely wounded by the cut of an axe. He tells me that after great effort upon the part of the flither and many political friends, this son has secured an appointment in the Naval School, which he will, probably, lose if he is not well enough to report by a certain d ly, not far distant. What a difference in tastes ! May no son of mine ever enter the army, or navy, as a business for life — especially since the lesson of the present war! Mr. P. is a good man, and is questioning whether the providences of God may not be interfering to shut out his son from the purpose in which he is so much interested. No. 2, having been entirely vacated, by the egress of the officers, the inmates of No. 7 (Daniels, Alexander, Porter, and Lucas), immediately left their old quarters, and took pos- session. They have greatly improved the room, by tearing away all the bunks on one side, still leaving berths for twelve persons. Alkire, and Jones have left their friends in No. 5, and seem more comfortable in No. 7. A person having hinted to me that some of our company would prefer the services to be confined to three evenings, instead of every evening in the week, I thought it best to test the matter, and instead of an exhortation, at worehip, talked to the company on this subject. Stated that I wished to do whatever was preferred, and assured the prisoners, that my only object was to maintain a sort of regular DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 127 family worship, and to save souls. I requested them to take the sa! jeot into ton-ideration, and let me know their decision. Tibbets, eaj;er t ) have the thing settle;!, at one:', called for an expression of opinion, by rising — to which a prompt resj-onse was niiule, by the s'raultaneous rising of every man in attend- ance — only two or thrte (including the person who desired the alteration), bi'ing absint. Much fueling has been exhibited ; and I am urged to proceed as usual. Went to bed with a cold in my head. Thursday, 17th. — Got hold of a number of good tracts, publications of the Presbyterian Board, and of the American Tract So iety; and have endeavored to circulate tliem. Most of these were put into my hands, by Mr. Alexander, who received them from friends in Princeton. Among others, I found several copies of that swi^et hymn : "Just as I am, wilhout one plea." I handed it around the room, and requested the young men to commit it to memory, a-suring them, that they would never regret it, but ih.t it might some day aiT'ord peculiar comfort. As a present inducement, proposed to "treat " every man who would thus treasure and recite it to me personally. Who knows what good may come of this ? Why may it not save some soul ? I find, that there is a Methodist local preacher among the convicts, who has been holding nigiitly meetings for some two weeks p ist, and has been encouraged by excellent results. This man, whose name is Andrew Brauor, is from New York, and was sent to Fort Delaware, with some forty others of his regiment, for refusing to do service after the expiration of their Btipidated time. I heartily wish him God speed ! He is said to be a very exemplary person, and has the entire respect of the degraded men around him. Gave a sort of informal sermon, to-night, on the subject of 128 . UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Regeneration. Presented some views, which were evidently new, to a number of my congregation. All were respectful, and attentive ; but I saw that some were disposed to cavil. Re- turning to tlie Hall, before bed-time, found two or three young men, engaged in discussing several items of my discourse. A number of questions were proposed, and difficulties and objec- tions urged, which led to a prolonged conversation with S. and P. Talked with them, and others, until near midnight, endeavor- ing to cli ar away some mists, and pressed the doctrine of a radical change of heart, and the necessity of a personal interest in the blood of Christ. Urged them, to beware of a spirit of unbelief, and to come as little children, and learn of Christ. Tried to convince them, of their own impenitence and hardness of heart ; and left them, with an earnest desire for their eternal well-being. The improved moral tone, among our political prisoners, is more and more apparent. The card-playing is stopped — at least, for the present; loud swearing is seldom heard, and sev- eral have altogether relinquished the habit ; no liquor is intro- duced into the rooms, even by stealth, except for medicinal purposes ; fights, which I am told, were common before re- ligious services were commenced, have ceased altogether; and although the young men enjoy themselves occasionally, with necessary exercise, we have very little boisterous romping ; and, with veiy few exceptions, there is a constant attendance of all the company upon the evening, and Sabbath s-^rvices ; one man has been converted in his old age, and we have reason to believe is now in Heaven ; several backsliders have been reclaimed, and a number are evidently inquiring. For all this, God 1)2 jiraised I Eleven coffins on the wharf, this morning, for interment ; and the sickness apparently abating. Weather lowering, with strong indications of the equinoc- tial storm. DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOBITY. 129 Friday, IStJi. — Could not sleep, until long after midnight, and felt reluctant to get up at the call for breakfast. Kept awake, by the noise of wind, and rain, and the expectation of an attempted escape of some of our number, who deferred the matter on account of the high wind, and strong current. Had an interview with Chaplains Way, and Bradford, in their own rooms. Found them courteous, and interested in their work. Mr. "Way loaned me a copy of Ely & Bedell's Collateral Bible, which I shall prize highly, on account of the large print. Mr. Bradford furnished me with a few good tracts, and we separated as brethren. Confined to the house, nearly all day, on account of the weather. Hain Incessant, and the tide higher than I have ever seen it before. Apprehensions are expressed of a general inun- dation of the Island. Spent most of the day in writing, for myself and others. AYclsh, Parker, and " Johnny Reb " have each committed the hymn, *'Just as I am," and have recited it perfectly. Others are trying, and will presently succeed. In consequence of the rough weather, the eight coffins ready- for interment, to-day, were left on the wharf, to be carried over the river, to-morrow. Expounded the 3d Chapter of 1st John, to attentive hearers; read a number of pages in Macaulay's Life of Wm. Pitt, and retired at about 9 o'clock. Saturday, 19^i. — Weather, this morning, very damp, and cool. Sixteen bodies on the wharf, for interment — eight hav- ing been left from yesterday, as stated above. At 10 o'clock, A. M., the steamer New York hauled up, in the vicinity of wharf No. 3, occasioning great joy to hundreds who are anticipating an exchange. Another large steamer ar- rived in the afternoon ; and, to-morrow, many of our brave boys hope to bid adieu to the miserable barracks, which will ever hereafter be associated in their minds with hunger, cold, sickness, and death. 9 130 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Had an interview with Dr. AV, M. Cleaver, one of Mor- gan's physicians, who has been favore:! by Gen. Scboepf with extra quarters inside the Fort. Informed him of my old par- ishioners, the Cleavers of Delaware City. He thaught they might be relatives, and said he would like to get a parole to visit them. The Doctor, who is very much of a gentleman, is a resident of Lebanon, Ky., and an acquaintance of my old friend, Rev. G. W. Kennedy, who once preached at that place. He repudiates much of the conduct of Morgan's men, and thinks they did many disgraceful things in Indiana. He has applied for a parole, of a few Aveeks, to visit his sick family ; but has been refused by the authorities at Washington, al- though it is said his wife is an " unconditional Union woman." An instance of the manner in which our Island mail is watched, came to my knowledge, to-day, in the case of a young man from Pennsylvania. He had joined the Confederate army from principle, and is now a prisoner at the barracks. Plis friends, at home, wrote, urging him to take the oath, and re- turn to them immediately. He replied that he could not do so ; and that in case the South should fail, in this great con- test, he would go to Mexico, and join the French army. Gen. Schcepf sent for the young man, and asked him how he dared to send such a letter to the office. " I have only written my sentiments," he replied. " You are not to do any such thing," was the rejoinder ; " and if the off nee is repeated, I will put you in the cells ! " Oh Liberty ! Liberty ! We were very much surprised, to-night, by a visit from " Sergeant " Cunningham, who seemed to have no other object, but a talk on the subje; t of politics, and the state of the coun- try. I forbore, for some time, to take any part in the conver- sation — as many suggestions were advanced contrary to my tasta and feelings. When I could withhold no longer, he grew very positive, and dictatorial; and said things quite unbecoming his relationship to myself and companious as prisoners ; was very DURESS BY FEDERAL AtTTHORITY. 131 pedantic, and Insuhing; and when I spoke plainly, in regard to the Lincoln administration; the comparative informalion of the people of the North and of the South, on political sub- jects; and the present attitude of affairs, he took advantage of his petty authority about the rooms, and presently h ft in a bad humor, and evidently with no pleasant impressions in re- gard to myself. I regretted this singular and unexpected ob- trusion, and went to bed anticipating trouble, as the result of my candor. Sabbath, 20th. — After breakfast, I walked out for a few moments, to get a farewell look at the noble fellows who were about to take the steamer, for Point Lookout. Seven hundred and fifty dirty, ragged, bare-footed or half-shod prisoners were standing in SLCtious of four, wilh blankets, canteens, and some other scanty equipments, waiting to ad- vance in companies of fifty, to go aboard the Osceola; and thence, to the larger steamer, for a journey, as they all hoped, to Dixie. Why they should go first to Point Lookout, no- body knew ; but it was understood, from reliable sources, that the movement was initiatory to an exchange at City Point. I desired to send a message to my friend. Rev. Thomas Ilume, of Richmond ; and succeeded in finding a Mr. Deane, for- merly of Portsmouth, who knows him well. Gave this gentleman my name on paper, and whispered my words in h's ear, charging him to remember , which he promised to do. Gave the brave fellows a few words of cheer, as I passed along the lines; and returned to my room, in time for morning service. My text this morning was i. John i. 9, " If we confess our sins, He is faithful a7id just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.'' Had the usual full attendance, and close attention to the Word preached. Less noise below stairs, than usual, and I preached rather too long. At night, made some impromptu remarks from Luke xv., 132 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR *' I will arise and go to my Father" intending to impress the great importance of resolution, in renouncing sin, and return- ing to God. After the evening service, Cunningham came in and stated that he was marking; the roll in the rooms, instead of callln;j the names, as usual. I spoke to him politely, and asked him how he was. He replied, " Not in such a humor for debate as I was last night," and continued, "I feel a little mean over that business. It was not magnanimous in my position to talk to prisoners as I did." "I have no doubt," I replied, "that you and I, both, would have felt better if the conversation had not taken place." He assented ; and I gave him full credit, for the acknowl- edgment ; and thus we were both relieved, of a very unpleasant thing — he apprehending, perhaps, that he miglat be reported for obtruding himself upon the prisoners ; and I, that he might carry to the men in power, some news that would only serve to rivet our bonds the tighter. I cannot but think, however, that he was truly sorry, for his conduct, and intended, what- ever were his personal apprehensions, to make the amende honorable. Twenty-six bodies of Confederate prisoners were carried over to Jersey, this morning — one of them being that of a man who had attempted to escape, by swimming the river. He was washed ashore, with several canteens attached to his person. His eyes were eaten out, indicating that he had been drowned several days. Monday, 21st. — About two hundred and eighty galvanized men left, this morning, for jJ-irts unknown. They went off, on the Major Reybold, attempting to give three cheers as the steamer left the wharf; but it was a feeble attempt, and the band came to their relief, to the tune of " Hail Columbia." These men are intended for the cavalry service, and look well in their new uniforms ; but it is the general opinion that they are DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 133 not to be trusted by their new masters for any efficient service. It is believed that many will desert on the first opportunity. The number of deaths reported, this morning, for the day previous, was twenty. Three of these perished, at the bar- racks, from sheer debility, and cold, on their way from their bunks to " the rear." The mortality is fearful, and not likely to decrease, unless some better arrangements are made for the supply of proper food, medicines, and attention. Very little difference is made, between sick and well men, in the article of diet, even at the hospitals, and none, at all, at the barracks. Soiled fresh beef, and a watery soup keep them with a con- stant diarrhoea. There are five or six hundred men in the hospitals — and room for no more. Many apply for admittance Avho are sent back to their quarters, where they have no beds, only a blanket or two, no regular nurses, and no night vessels for the sick. Dr. Fromberger, and our own Confederate phy- sicians, as they have opportunity, are kind and attentive ; but there is a strange scarcity of medicines, and prescriptions are not honored, one half the time. The hospital patients fare somewhat better ; but it is bad enough even with these, not- withstanding the fine airy rooms, and the presence of employed nurses. Dr. Foster has already relinquished his practice at the barracks for want of medicines ; and Dr. Marshall, who has one of the hospital wards, says he Avill have to do the same. For this miserable state of things, who is to blame? There is guilt somewhere. Found a young man at the Dispensary, this afternoon, who is a brother of Dr. Hilary Pitts, of Berlin, Maryland. Was astonished to find him in the Federal service, as the family are noted in Worcester for their Southern sympathies, and de- cided States Rights j)rinciples. He was once a member of the Purnell Legion, and has been at the Fort, only about two weeks. He gave me considerable intelligence from friends in Maryland. The weather continuing cool, an order came to put up our 134 • UNITED STATES BONDS J OK stoves. We had notice in No. 6, in sufficient time, to secure one of the best belonging to our apartment, and I believe there was an intention to favor us ; but being a little dilatory, ^ve failed altogether, and may now have to wait for weeks, though all the other rooms are supplied. Hr.d a shorter service than usual, in tl »^ Hall ; and went to bed, at about half-past eleven, after writing several letters, not to " the loved ones at home," but to the members of my severed family, in Delaware and Maryland — and would gladly have written to those in Virginia, could I have been certain about the safe receipt of the letters. Had letters to-day from my wife, and daughter G. Both of them are much concerned about my imprisonment, and seem to be unusually despondent. My wife has made every effort to get a pass to vi^it tha Island ; but no attention has been paid to her aj^plications, either by Gen. Schoepf, or those above him in authority. This is the more surprising, as other ladies are coming, daily, to see their friends. Tuesday, 2'2d. — A row took jilace, last night, among the surgeons — several of them having imbibed rather freely. The worst of it is, that they have continued under the influence of the jolly god, all day. I saw two of them cutting up all sorts of antics, this afternoon, on the bank of the canal, and ex- pected, every moment, to see them tumble in ; but they suffered only several heavy falls, on the grass, and wallowed over, and over, like boys in a wrestling frolic. One of their number was too far gone to enjoy this sport, and laid, like a dead man, oa the ground, a few yards from the quarters. This spree has greatly mortified a majority of the medical corps; and I am told, that a written remonstrance has been prepared, to be handed to the bacchanalians as soon as they shall be sober enough to appreciate its import. These occurrences, which are becom- ing quite frequent, are making a bad impression, and giving the enemy a very suggestive argument, in relation to the habits DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHOEITY. 135 of our young men. Most of the surgeons, now confined at the Fort, are intelligent and high-minded men, repudiating the conduct of such of their number as indulge in these reckless habit-s. Dr. Marshall informed me, this morning, that Mr. T , the sick man from Kentucky, whom I had frequently visited at the tents, before his removal to the new hospital, — was ex- ceedingly anxious to see me. Having no permit to visit the new building, Dr. Arnot was appealed to, to know whether it would be allowe 1 ; but he could take no responsibility, and it was concludtd to submit the matter to Gen. Schropf, through Chaplain Way. Meeting Mr. Way a few moments afterward, he agreed to see the General and report to me to-morrow. Too bad, that so much hesitation and d.^ay should be necessary before a languishing patient can confer with a minister of his selecti(jn, in regard to the interests of his soul. Had a pleasant walk with Col. Waring, and rejoiced to learn, that he lias received encouraging letters in regard to h's release. Gen. Schoepf has granted him permission to visit the •' rebel cemeteiy," on the Jersey side of the river ; a })rivilegc which will afford him an opportunity to be useful, in seeiiig that the poor men are properly interred, as well as aiford him a pleasant variety of recreation and exercise. The old gentle- man is quite a favorite, on the Island, with both Yankees and rebels. His social habits, gentlemanly bearing, with his known wealth, and great suffering at the hands of the Federal Gov- ernment, all contribute to secure respect and friendship. Like mys.'lf, however, he docs not care to come, too frequently, in contact with the officials, — though they seem to seek his com- panionship, and Dr. SilHman, and certain lieutenants have secured him as a partner in their mess. The Colonel appears to be a devout Christian. He Is a close reader of the Bible and prayer-book, and is not ashamed at the hour of prayer to kneel in the presence of others. Met, this afternoon, a young man named Sloan, who luiiL 136 UNITED STATES BONDS ! OR from Texas, and is a prisoner at the barracks. Introducing a conversation, he soon informed me, that he was thinking of joining the Yankees, and remaining at the North. In reply to an inquiry as to his motives in doing so, he said that he was a native of Ohio; that his parents were dead, and he had no interests at the South. I found, however, that he had been in thirteen battles; had suffered much from wounds and im- prisonment; and that he was hoping, by the change, to be re- leased from the war, and thus relieved from further trouble. I advised him, as to the folly of his intended course; showed him that he would not better his situation, among the Yan- kees ; and that his scars, which after the war might be a power, and promotion to him at the South, must be entirely lost ; and that after all, he must die a "turn-coat," and uncared for, either by Federals, or Confederates. He appeared to be impressed by these suggestions ; and left with a pledge that he would stick to the South. The newspapers of to-day, give us great encouragement in regard to affairs at the South. Even the Philadelphia In- quirer (so noted for perversion and mendacity), is obliged to admit singular reverses, and a great slaughter in Northern Georgia. The details are meagre ; but sufficient are given to show the tide of events — and a new spirit has been infused into our worn-out prisoners, inside of the Fort. Fourteen deaths were reported this morning, and I learn that there are twenty-six cases of small-pox in the hospitals assigned to this class of patients. Wednesday, 23c?. — Spent about three hours, this morning, with a doubting Christian, in conversation on certain doctrinal points of great interest. In order to present my views on these subjects (which he had been desiring for days to hear), I omitted my usual walk, and entered upon the talk, not with a view to discussion, but to answer questions, and to bring out the truth. The time, I trust, was well spent, as there was no DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 137 disposition to cavil, and the conference was conducted in the best spirit. The conversation elicited the fact that this good man was not satisfied as to the plenary inspiration of the Scriptures, and was discriminating, very positively, between the teachings of the gospels, and the epistles. Under the impression that the New Testament writers had given to the world a fallible record, he seemed to be unwilling to take their testimony in regard to any doctrines not specifically referred to, by our Saviour. He admitted the force of a number of propositions which had never before occurred to him; and appeared to be better satisfied with some of those " hard things " which Peter said his beloved brother, Paul, had written, and " which they that are unlearned, and unstable do wrest, as they also do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction." Chaplain Way called to inform me, that he had obtained an interview with the General, in relation to my visiting the hospitals, and that he had consented to allow me the privi- lege. Mr. Way said, that the matter was freely discussed, at the house of the Commandant last night, and that consider- able hesitation was manifested, partly, because he did not see the necessity of the thing, and partly, because he had under- stood that I had been praying for the Rebel Confederacy, Mr. Way told him, that I had preached upward of sixty sermons, long and short, during my imprisonment ; and that according to my own testimony, I had never once introduced the subject of politics. What else was said, I know not, ex- cept that the Chaplain assured the General, that it was a matter of no consequence to him personally, whether I was permitted to go to the hospital or not, and that he only suggested it, because there was much to do, and the men wanted me. In presenting this plea, the name of Mr. Frierson was also men- tioned, and a request presented in his behalf. It was abortive so far as my good brother was concerned, but said the General, "take Handy, and go." 138 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Accompanied Mr. Way to the hospital, and had a long in- terview with T . Found h'ni deeply convicted of s!n, truly penitent, and faintly hoping in the mercy of God. It- appeared to be a matter of poignant regret, that he had de- ferred the interests of the soul, to so late a period. He said no more about Masonic religion, manifested much intere:?t in the conversation, and entered earnestly into the spirit of the prayer, which "was made by his bed-side. His prayer-book, and a little volume, which I had given him, were lying closely by him ; and it was evident, that his "whole mind was deeply exercised about his eternal interests. I think he has made his peace with God. After leaving poor T , my eye f. 11 upon two intelligent looking young men, lying near together — one from Mississippi, and the other from Kentucky. I turned toward them, and had a. pleasant talk, especially with the Kentuckian, who ad- mitted, that his mind had often been concerned on the subject of religion, and that, at one time, he had spent about two months, in seeking the salvation of his soul. Finding him rather disposed to excuse himself, and throw the blame upon the Almighty, I tried to show him his great error; and pressed the importance of persevering effort, at the foot of the Cross. Being rather unwell, I now returned to my quarters. An unpleasant affray took place, this morning, between S and T , which resulted in blows. The occasion of the quarrel was an order from T , wlio hns lately been superintending the " Privy Corps," directing S ■ fo take his turn in the daily routine. The latter objected, hard words ensued, and S struck T twice. Both were guilty; and I think both regret the occurrence. It was an unfortunate affair ; and I regret it the more, as it is the first thing of the kind that has occurred in our apartment since my imprisonment. Several of our company are quite sick. Alexander, Porter, Parker, and "Williams, arc all complalrxing of ill-health. The Baltimore American gives a detailed account of the DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 139 battle of Sabine Pass — two gun-boats destroyed ; upwards of 100 sharpshooters captured — besides many other prisoners ; and a very important expedition completely broken up. All . greatly encouraged. jihw^sday, 2Aih. — Spent the entire forenoon at the lios- pital ; and conversed, and prayed with a number of poor fel- lows, who were evivlently delighted with the oj)portunity of joining in prayer, and consulting with a minister from the South. T expressed himself more fully, and decidedly in regard to his state ; and though he evidently desired, if it were God's will, to live longer, he said if he must die, he would like to go at once. Ho shed tears, and responded earnestly, as I prayed at his bed-side. Before I left the ward, he received a box from his friends, which cheered him much ; and though he could not eat anything, he was delighted to have others around him partake of the treat. He requested me, should he die, to have his grave correctly marked, so that friends could find his body ; and asked me to write to his sister, whose ad- dress he gave me. I found a man from Northwestern Virginia, who had been suffering a full year, or more, with chronic diarrhoea, and who is gradually wasting away. He informed me, that he had been a professor of religion, but had been led off, and that he Avas a great sinner. He wept bitterly during my conversation with him, and entered into the spirit of the prayer. The sym- pathy, and encouragement Avhich I tried to give him, appeared to help him, wondex'fully ; and he cordially invited me to visit him again. A Mr. K , from North Carolina, gave me an interest- ing testimony in regard to himself. He said, he was not a Christian, but wanted to be. He had, frequently, been sick, and had always during his illness promised himself to do better, when he got well ; but he had invariably forgotten, or neglected his promises, on the return of health. He now felt, 140 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR deeply, the importance of a change of heart, and desired the blessing cf God. Covering his head with a handkerchief, he joined, heartily, in a prayer, and requested me to come and see him again. Had another talk, with the two young men from Missis- sippi, and Kentucky, who are lying not far apart. They were well enough, to converse on general subjects ; but took pleasure in hearing some suggestions about personal religion. The Kentuckian introduced a question relative to the introduction of sin into the world ; and asked my views, which I briefly stated, with the advice, to indulge little in speculations, at least until the great matter of his individual interest in Christ was settled. He took the hint, kindly ; and both of the young men urged me to continue my visits. The Mississippian wished me to bring him something suitable for a convalescent to eat. The most affecting case, that came under my observation, to-day, was that of a rough, but honest-hearted Mississippian, who was suffering from fever, and was evidently apprehensive of the result. I think he said, he had once been a professor of religion, but had relapsed into grievous sin. Adapting the conversation to the case, he heard every word with eager atten- tion, and, as I thought, joined with me in the prayer; but, at the close, he said : "Mister, I didn't feel it. What do you think is the matter ? I'm afraid I'm fooled ! I'm afraid I'm fooled ! " How did my heart yearn towards this man ; anxious, yet mourning over his hardness of heart and fearing he had been deceived. On my way to the hospital, this morning, met with Rev. Mr. Stanley, formerly of Elizabeth City County, Va., but now of Prince George County, Maryland, who, in company with his wife and daughter, was hunting up his sick son. This young man is a member of the First Maryland (Confederate) Cavalry. In the afternoon, I found the same gentleman leaving the Island for the night — the ladies remaining with the sick son, and brother. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 141 Gen. Schoepf, noticing Col. Waring, in conversation with Mr. Stanley, who was an old acquainlauce, called him aside, and requested him to be less familiar with visitors ; and re- minded him, that he should be satisfied, to pass at will on the Island. There was no unkindness in the manner of the Gen- eral on this occasion ; but the incident shows, how cautious even a commanding officer must be, lest he incur the displeas- ure of higher authorities. The lager-beer saloon is doing a large business. Crowds, of from fifty to one hundred, are always hanging about the door, waiting, each man his turn, for a drink. A sort of bar is fixed up, in front of the building, with a space large enough to admit only one or two persons at a time — all passing in one way, and going out another. The soldiers having been, lately, paid off, much of the money goes into the hands of the liquor-seller ; and, thus, whilst he is enricliing himself, drunk- ards are staggering about the Island, in every direction. All money coming to the Fort, for prisoners, passes into the hands of the commanding officer ; who doles it out, at will, to the needy owner. In sutler^s checks, which can only be expended at the window of that voracious vender. Dr. Smith, a surgeon attached to the Morgan Corps, recently had fifty dollars sent him, which were offered to him, according to this arrangement. He declined to accept the checks, and told the General, he could keep the money, if he didn't choose to let him have it. He was subsequently sent for, and allowed to purchase clothing in Philadelphia, provided it were done through the sutler. What shall we think of the men whose principles of patriotism are so nearly connected with the condition of their purses I ^ Samuel Cleaver, of Port Penn, visited the Island, this morning, to see his namesake. Dr. Cleaver, who had dropped 1 Was informed by the Rev. Dr. Van Dyke, some time after my release, that fifty dollars were sent to me by Wm. s. Hearn, Esq., of Brooklyn, who had been one of my early parishioners. The money never came into my hands. 142 TJNITED STATES BONDS) OR a fcM' lines of inquiry about relationship. They spent most of the forenoon together, and seemed to be enjoying the in- terview when I met the;n perambulating the "pea-patch." Had some minutes' conversation, with my old parishioner, and left him with a promise to see me at my room before his return to Delaware City. He failed, however, to do so, in consequence of some difficulty about the necessary permit. Fourteen bodies were coffined for Interment, to-day. The number of deaths, however^ was sixteen — two having been left for post mortem examination. As soon as the person dies he is carried to the dead-house; and sometimes, when the number is large, the bodies are piled up In a state of nudity, and every man is, put into his coffin, as naked as at the mo- ment of birth. Is not this a species of barbarism ? Friday, 26fh. — In consequence of some opposition ex- pressed by the gentlemen of our room, did not visit the hos- pital, to-day. They are afraid I may come in contact with small-pox, and bring it Inside the Fort. I M'ish to do what is right, for my own sake, as well as for theirs. I must think of tho matter, and act wisely. Tl)e number of interments, to-day, was fourteen — a fre- quent number during this month. The sickness, however, is thought to be rather on the wane. Two small-pox cases were taken from the barracks, this morning ; and there are now, twenty-five men ill with the disease, but, so far, it has not proved very fatal. Dr. Woolsey, who has had the disease, is the jihysician in charge of this ward. H".d a very polite inquiry from the General, this morn- ing, in regard to my health, as he passed me. In my morning walk. A small matter — but worth something; and I am willing to give It Its due value, as to good Intentions, and kind feeling. Capt. Ball, who is the general news-collector for our apart- ment, came this morning loaded down with good tidings, DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 143 about the doings of our brave troops in the vicinity of Chat- tanooga, and Knoxville. The title appears to be turning; and I trust, God has good things yet in store, for the South. Everybody sei'ms to be encouraged; and I sincerely hope tliese providences may receive a grateful acknowledgment, from all our people. The frolicking surgeons are on the stool of repentance. Several of them say they will never drink a droj), again. One of them came so near being shot by a sentinel ; and another having been near death, from the poison of the liquor, they begin to reflect with shame. Have felt unusually anxious, and restless, to-day, about my release. Am willing to stay here, just so long as God shall choose to order it, and give me a field of usefulness ; but, I feel deeply concerned for my scattered, and dependant family. The providences of God have been distinctly marked in all that pertains to my present troubles ; and I would not have h:.d them otherwise. Yet I would like to see the loved ones at home, and to be permitted, once more, to take the over- sight of their comfort and support; and to guide them as heretofore, with God's blessing, in temporal and spiritual things. Saturday, 2Qth. — Wc have had quite an excitement, occa- sioned by the removal of a second lot of prisoners to Point Lookout. About seven hundred and sixty men got off: all in fu'l hope of a speedy exchange. They were mostly Cham- pion Hill men; but among them, were many Marylanders, who had been captured at Gettysburg. The whole crowd were ordered out, early in the morning, and were in exjDccta- tion of immediately embarking, when they were, suddenly, remanded to their old quarters, until the steamer could go to Wihulngton for water. In the atlternoon, the boat returned, and before night, was speeding down the bay. It was amusing, and provoking, to notice the movements 144 "UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR of the Yankees, before tlie departure of the steamer. Two clerks sat by a table, at the head of the wharf; and every man's name was called, in the presence of Capt. Ahl, Com- missary of Prisoners, certain other officers, and a guard of several men. Each man, as he responded to the call of his name, hurried on to the boat, carrying a box, bundle, carpet- bag, and other accoutrements, less or more. Sometimes there was no response to the name called; at another time, an answer would be given, under susj)icious circumstances, and several men were turned back, who were, evidently, moving off under "false pretences." It is known, however, that many shrewd fellows " flanked," taking the places of absen- tees, or more criminally substituted themselves for others who could not hear, or were not quick enough in coming up to the stand. The business of bringing up the regiments, was assigned to a comical, stiff-legged, swaggering Yankee convict, who carried a club, and magnified his office as commandant, pocket searcher, and general blusterer. At a distance of from twenty to fifty yards, he would elevate his stick ; hasten down to the squads ; and bring them in place, to the singular order, " Hack out — hack out there ! " Then he would hurry down the line, rear and front, hunting for tin cups, knives and forks, and such other booty as the needy " rebs " had stowed away, f )r present use. He succeeded in getting quite a pile of those articles ; but failed to secure many more, which were cunningly passed from one to another as the search proceeded. The grotesque appearance of this red-striped. Impudent Down- Easter, as he hopped over the ground, with somewhat less celerity than he once ran from rebel muskets, ordering, and driving gentlemen, whom in ordinary times he would have tl;anked for a job of horse cleaning, was ludicrous, yet hu- miliating, and jirovoklng in the extreme. Instead of assign- ing an officer to the business of forming and advancing the regiments — this ill-bred fellow was substituted, as though ex- li 03 > 1-3 o ii£ X } 2 DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 145 pressly to insult and degrade our noble and care-worn veterans. At the barracks, where he occupies a sort of police post, he is known only by the nick-name of" Hack-out." His treatment of prisoners is said to be intolerable, as he goes to and fro, knocking, with his club, any who may be so bold as to make the least resistance to his imperative commands. Some cf the best mind and blood of the South went off, to- day, clothed in rags and dirt; and many poor fellows were entirely barefooted. I saw one, whom I knew, personally, to have several thousand dollars about hira ; and yet he would have been as little likely, as any other, to be selected by one ignorant of the faet, as a man of wealth. He stood in the ranks like all the rest, in his coarse, and half-worn homespun ; and was only distinguished from them by an old-fashioned swallow- tailed coat, and a huge tin bucket, which he carried in his hand. Mr. John McD. Alexander, who was taken from the bar- racks, several weeks ago, and sent to our apartment as a Con- federate Major (and who after it was ascertained that he was not an officer, was allowed to remain with us), went off with his regiment, though suffering with jaundice, anel very much out of order for such a trip. His was the last name called, of the seven hundred and sixty. He promised, as did, also, sev- eral other acquaintances, shoulel they get to Richmond, to see various friends there, for me; anel to urge their influence to- wards effecting an early exchange for some political prisoner, at the South. I have sent word, especially, to Rev. Drs. Read, and Hoge, and to Major Charles Ball, and J. R. Tucker, Esq. I have not visited the hospital, to-day, in consequence of the fear existing in the minds of some of my fd low-prisoners, in regard to the bringing of small-pox into the aj)artment. In the course of the afternoon, however, j\Ir. "Way brought me a permit, regularly made out, as follows : 10 146 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR " Pass Rev. Mr. Handy in the hospitals at Avilh A. ScHCEPF, Brig.-Gen. "This pass is to give the sick an opportunity to get spirit- ual advice. A. JSchcepf, Brig. -Gen." This pass has put rather a different pliase on my position; and I shall now have to think a little more, about what maybe my duty. A wide field of usefulness is opened up; I seem, too, to be invited to occupy it, at once, as Mr. Paddock is absent from the Fort, nnd Mr. Way is going to leave, tem- porarily, to-morrow. I would do my duty, and rejoice in the privilege. Only j?ue deaths were reported, to-day. Sabbath, 27ih. — After breakfast, sought an interview with Mr. Frierson; walked with hira to the hospital — having re- quested Mr. Belt to take my place in the usual Sabbath morn- ing services, by reading a sermon and taking the lead in the lesson and singing. We were just beginning to take the rounds in No. 4, when Ilev. Mr. Paddock came in, and requested us to return with him, to his quarters, to see the Rev. Dr. Hall, who was visiting the Island, as a Commissioner from the San- itary Association of New York. After an introduction, and some general conversation, arrangements were made for preach- ing in all of the twelve wards, by Llessrs. Hall, Bradford, Frierson, and myself. AVe returned immediately, and went to work, — Mr. Frierson and myself going together. I com- menced the services, by a short sermon, in No. 4 ; he followed in No. 3, and I continued in No. 6, which, with the reading, and personal conversation, occupit d us until ] 2 o'clock. In each ward, I publicly, and distinctly, announced the fact, that we were Southern ministers, and prisoners ; and that having been allowed to visit the hospitals, we had come in to sympa- thize, and advise with the sick, on religious subjects. I re- quested them to call upon us, as they had need, as from time to time we should pass through the hospitals. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 147 It was interesting, to notice how anxious all were, to catch every word of the plain, short sermons, and to hear such Scrip- tures as we had selected, for their comfort and encouragement. It being now about dinner-time, we resolved to altend to the remaining wards, in the afternoon. In this purpose, however, we were frustrated, by an unexpected action on the part of our associates in prison. After dinner, it was formally announced to me, by Messrs. Belt, and Shreve, that the company bad considered the pro- priety of my continuing to visit the hospitals ; and were unani- mously of opinion, that I ought not to do so, during the pre- valence; of the small-pox. It would not do to rush directly in the face of this decided expression ; and I had nothing left me, but to confer with Mr. Frierson, and agree with him as to our future course. Several of the surgeons, with whom he is mess- ing, having cxpre:-sed the same feeling, it was, at once, agreed to withhold our visits, until Providence should give us further light. We, both, felt it to be a great trial; but have no doubt, that God will turn the disappointment to some good account. On aj preaching the hospital porch, this morning, the very first sick m^in we saw, was just coming out of the door, with the Icathsome small-pox upon him ; and was being di- rected to the ward assigned to the victims of that fell disease. I learned, also, in a few moments afterward, that young Brownley, of Portsmouth, had been taken to the same ward, but a short time before. A few days ago, I visited him, knelt by his bed-side, and have a distinct recollection of catching his breath, as he lay in a state of fever. Under the circumstances, I thought it best to be vaccinated without delay ; and Mr. Frierson, with several of his medical room-mates, submitted to the same operation — which was performed by Dr. Smith, a very modest and pleasant young physician, from Farmville, Va. He also accommodated several of our political prisoners, in the same manner. 148 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR The number of small-pox cases has now reached about forty. Several of the patients have been taken immediately from the barracks ; and others have not been discovered, until they have been several days in the hospital. It has not yet assumed the confluent form ; and the number of deaths have been comparatively few. Vaccination is doing its accustomed good work. I cannot think the disease will become very pre- valent. Drs. Smith, and Morgan, Confederate physicians, have lately vaccinated about 1,200 "rebels," I am told that Mr. Belt did his part well, in conducting the morning service. Though not accustomed to appear, thus, in public, he not only read the sermon, hymn, and chapter ; but, f )r the first time in his life, led in jjublic prayer. He appeared deeply to feel his responsibility, as the only pro- fessor of religion in our company; and, I think, this will be the bey;innino; of a new life for him. Preached a desultory discourse, to-night, on the subject of Prayer; repeating at the commencement, a number of familiar and appropriate Scriptures, as a sort of foundation. Did not succeed as well as I had hoped — though the attention seemed to be good. I think several Yankees were listening on tlie stairs. Dr. Goode, one of the Confederate surgeons, who has been absent on parole for fourteen days, returned, this evening. Monday, 2^th. — A dull day; and I have been suffering considerably, with headache. Confinement does not suit me; I long to breathe the air of liberty, once more. To be thus circumscribed is contrary to nature, impairs health, and de- "bases the n-.ind. I had once hoped to do something in the way of studying and writing ; but, now, find it impossible. Some of our number make out to " kill time," by reading novels, but T have no taste for sucli trash, under any circum- stunccs. Others are always busy, working on gutta-percha, sawing bones, or contriving prison comforts. It is wonderful, DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 149 indeed, to see what they accomplish, in this way, and how contented many of them seem to be, in the midst of their labors. My friend, Mr. Belt (Cousin Campbell, as he is familiarly called), is at the head of our artists, and enjoys himself, very much, in this way. Among other things, he has constructed a writing-desk for myself, which attached to the wall may be raised or lowered by means of a prop, aiford- ing me great comfort, in scribbling these notes, or writing letters to my family, and friends. A new-comer made his appearance, to-day, in the person of Dr. McKnown, a dentist, of Smyrna, Delaware. I find he is a native of Massachusetts, but a " Copperhead " of the straitest sect. He " goes in for the South, tooth and toe nail." Nine bodies buried to-day. Tuesday, 29{h. — A Make long before day — and no more sleep afterward. Got up feeling quite unwell, and continued out of order all day. Felt low-spirited, and longed to be with my family. Mr. Way returned from Wilmington, after a temporary absence. Informs me that he had an interview with D. M. Bates, Esq., who says, he will see Gen. Tyler, about sending me South, after a short parole to see my family, in Delaware. Thinks, I ought to be satisfied Avith going South, without the parole — which I certainly shall be, if nothing better can be done. It would be a great trial, however, to be debarred an interview with my wife and little ones. Received a very unexpected invitation, this morning, from a private in Capt. Ahl's battery, to preach to the company, to-night, at their quarters. Ascertaining that the officers not only assented, but desired it, I agreed to do so. Was ready at the hour; but upon recollecting, that ray pass only allowed me to be out until eight o'clock, thought best to postpone the matter until Gen. Schoepf could be consulted, and an arrange- 150 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR ment made which would be more in accordance with official orders. Regretted the disappointment to the men ; but prom- ised to be ready for them, as soon as they should open the way. An unj)leasant, and rather undignified affair occurred to- day, between Gen. Schoepf, and Capt. M , of the Purnell Legion. The latter officer has been under arrest, for some weeks past, for insulting a lady ; and the General has been the principal witness against him. M has, consequently, per- sistently refused to recognize his superior officer, even when first spoken to by him. To-day, the General met him and raised his hat — to which salute M made no rejily. The General, indignant, immediately put his hand on the offender's head, and threw his hat to the ground. M , incensed, re- turned the insult, by knocking off the hat of the General. The result was, that the inferior officer had to go to the cells. Schoepf is not justified by popular sentiment; whilst ^I . is condemned as a low vagabond, not only for insulting the lady referred to, but for an attempt, at another time, upon a deaf and dumb child — the daughter of a sergeant on the Island. An oyster-house and refectory was opened, to-day, for the first time, for the accommodation of the multitude who may not be satisfied with public fare, and for strangers visiting their friends on the Island. This will be a great convenience to sohliers and prisoners and will put dollars into the pockets of somebody else. Ten bodies interred to-day. Wednesday, ^Oth. — Was introduced, this morning, to the Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Baird, of New Jersey, author of the Elohim Revealedy who visited the Island to look after the comfort of his nephew, a Mr. Kyle, of Mississippi. He found the young man at the barracks, bare-footed and shabby enough. Was invited, by Mr. Way, to join the Doctor at DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 151 dinner; did not do so; but called with Mr. Frierson, who was acquainted with Rev. E. Thompson Baird, brother of the guest. The Doctor is a member of the Christian Com- mission, and a very modest and agreeable person. Enjoyed the interview, and was gratified with the opportunity of making his acquaintance. Noticed about one hundred " Rebels," perhaps more, drawn up in double ranks, receiving slioes, and stockings, at a store- house, from the hands of Gen. Schoepf, Capt. Ahl, and Provost- Marshal Hawkins. I presume these men have all been " gal- vanized ; " as I saw about as many, some hours after, with new Yankee uniforms, marched down to the river, to be scoured off, preparatory to an early exit from the Fort. The Nashville returned this afternoon, with the officers and men, who lately escorted our Confederates to Point Lookout. Saw Capt. Multowski, who had charge of the prisoners; but obtained no news concerning their prospects. Dr. Haynie, one of Morgan's surgeons, has lately put forth the following effusion — which is worth transcribing as a speci- men of our Island poetry, and for the important local history involved : LINES. Oh, here we are confined, at Fort Delaware, With nothing to driuk but a little lager beer; Infested by vermin, as much as we can bear — Oh, Jeff, can't you help us get away from here? And it's home, dearest home, tlie place I ought to be ; Home, sweet home, 'way down in Tennessee! Where the ash and the oak and the bonnie willow-tree Are all growing green, 'way down in Tennessee. Oh, take off my fetters, and let me be free To roam o'er ihe mouutaius ot'old Tennessee; To bathe in her waters, and breathe her balmy air, And look on her daughters, so lovely and fair. And it's home, &c. Spoiled beef and bad soup is our ''aily fare, And lo complain is mor« than any dare. They will "buck" us, and ' gaL";" us, and cast us in a cell, There to bear the anguish and tortures of hell. And it's home, &c. 152 UNITED STATES BONDS j OK The room for eating is anything but clean, The filth upon the benches is plainly to be seen; The smell of pulienicliou rises on the air, To fill out and refill our bill of fare. And it's liome, &c. The sick are "well treated, the Southern doctors say • The losses by deatli are scarcely four per day — It's diarrhoea mixture for scurvy and small-pox, And every other disease of Pandora's box. And it's home, &c. Oh, look at the graveyard on the Jersey shore. At the hundreds Avho ne'er will return more. Oh, could they come back again to testify Against the lying devils who lived to see them die ! And it's iiome, &c. Our kindness to prisoners you can't deny; It's no Dutch falsehood, nor a Yankee trick — We have the proof on hand, on which you may rely. From Southern surgeons who daily see the sick. And it's liouie, &c. Oh, speak out, young soldiers, and let your country hear All about your treatment at Fort Delaware — How they worked you in the wagons, when weary and sad, With only half rations, when i>leuty they had. And it's home, &c. Then cheer up, brave boys, our country shall be free; Our battles will be fought by the brave Gen. Lee — The Yankees will fly, in trembling and fear, And we'll return to our wives and sweethearts dear. And it's home, &c. We have news, by the grape-vine telegraph, of the defeat of Burnside, at Knoxville, and of a second rout of Rosecrans, more disastrous tlian Chickamauga. Only six coffins interred to-day. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 153 V. October. Thursday, \st. — Whilst passing the wharf, this morning, heard some one call my name ; and turning, noticed a gentle- man, and two ladies sitting in a small boat, awaiting permis- sion to come ashore. I hurried across to the boat, and found Mrs. Benjamin Smith, of Baltimore, her daughter, and a Mr. Hudson, of Kentucky. Introducing themselves, I found the ladies tlie same who had visited the island some weeks ago ; and that they had, probably, at that time learned who I was, — though I did not make their acquaintance. They were in great trouble, about getting to see a son and brother — Mr. S. C. Smith, a private in the 7th Virginia Infantry. Finding that they had some knowledge of Capt. Ball and Mr. Belt, (for whom they inquired), I hurried oif to bring the Captain, who had a parole of the Island ; and after considerable running and hunting, succeeded in getting him to the wharf. The morning was foggy and damp ; and the ladies sat for more than an hour, anxiously waiting, until they could get a permit to land. The sentinel refused to send word to Gen. Schoepf, or any other officer, or iven to take a letter, or in any manner to give information tliat they were in waiting. Capt. Ball hastened to Capt. Ahl, and in the meantime, Dr. Fromberger came with a permit for Mr. Hudson ; but informed the ladies, that he had no authority in regard to thtm. Ilajipening to be acquainted with Mrs. Smith, he told her that her son had loft for Point Lookout, on last Saturday, with the 750 who went off at that time. They were thus disappointed, and went back to Delaware City, with various stores intended partly for him, and partly for the sick at the hospital. On leaving the wharf, with Capt. Ball, the sentinel com- plained, insolently, that we had interfered to serve the ladies; 154 UNITED STATES BONDS) OE wished US to know, that Ae had charge of the wharf; demanded of Capt. Ball, if he had not ordered him not to go after Capt. Ahl ; and stated it was on account of tho-e very ladies, that the order had been given to permit no more landing of females, without passes, either from the Commandant of the Fort, or from the Secretary of War. Thus these people refuse common civilities, to ladies, visiting sick relatives in prison; and insult other persons, who would supply their lack of decency and good breeding. Saw a poor fellow undergoing a heathenish torture, by the suspension of his arms above his head, — his hands being tied with a rope, and the rope fastened to the limb of a tree, — thus stretching his person to its full length, with no ability to rest hims If, even for a moment. The man proved to be one of the lately " galvanized rebels," who had been furnished with a Yankee uniform, which he chose to sell for two dollars. The presumption is, that he had become ashamed of his tergiversa- tion ; and hoping to sneak out of the error, sold the clothes, at a discount, for the sake of a little ready cash, to buy a few comforts. Guilty the man, no doubt; but how much less guilty is the officer, who without a law designating the mode, chooses to gratify his own love of torture, by inflicting a pun- ishment so inhuman, and so degrading? The miserable vic- tim in this case, was hung up at the foot of wharf No. 4, which is one of the most public places on the Island ; and exposed to a near view of the many who cross the bridge at that point. Truly, " man's worst enemy is man." About two hundred galvanized men left the Island, on the steamer Osceola, probably to be reshipped at Delaware City on the Ericsson boat, for Baltimore. These are the same fel- lows (or most of them) who took the oath and were rigged up, yesterday, for the United States service. It is really question- able, whether these last are more to be pitied or blamed. A panic seized upon many, at the barracks, on account of the ter- rible mortality now prevailing; and a report which is in- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 155 dustriously circulated, that the President of the Confederate States feels no interest in the men now imprisoned at Fort Delaware — regarding them as a cowardly set, and not expect- ing an early exchange, tliey claim that this is the only hope left them of saving their lives, I feel for them, in this dilemma; and scarcely wonder, that weak-minded and frightened as many of them are, they should so decide. The number of interments, to-day, was fifteen — an increase of nine since yesterday. The average through the month just closed, I think, has been about thirteen per day. During the yellow fever, at Portsmouth, when some twelve or fifteen Avere dying daily, we thought the mortality fearful. The number never exceeded thirty; and one day of last month we had twenty-six at the Fort. Friday, 2d. — Saw a lady and two gentlemen, who came to the wharf, this morning, in a small boat (hoping to see some friend), turned back to Delaware City. These instances seem of almost daily occurrence. Only the favored ones, or such as come ostensibly, or really, with the purpose of persuading the young men to take the oath, are allowed to land. Those who come from the North, have little difficulty in getting passes, but those who come from the "loyal" States of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, must prove themselves well before tliey can enjoy this privilege. A large steam frigate, supposed to be the Powhatan, passed up the river, towing an iron-clad, intended, perhaps, for repairs in Philadelphia. Got a larger mail than I have ever received, in any one day, since I have been in the Fort ; and among the letters in hand, is one from my daughter in Richmond, being the second received from her during my imprisonment. She tells me that my good friends. Rev. Drs. Read, and Stiles, and Maj. Ball, of Loudon county, were intending immediately, to confer with Judge Ould in relation to my exchange ; and that every 156 UNITED STATES BOKDS ; OR possible effort would be made, to secure the result. This en- courages me much. My friends, at the South, now know that I am here ; they know what I have suffered on account of my principles ; and I wait to see what interest they will take, in my behalf. An oath of allegiance to the Lincoln Adminis- tration would open my prison doors ; but I disdain the pro- posal ; and distressed, as I am, about my dear family, I must stay here, a good while longer, before I shall see it to be my duty, to accede to anything so disagreeable to my own feelings, and which is, so evidently fraught with ruin to all their, and my hopes for a temporal future. Private Winniford came in after tea, and requested me to preach for Ahl's Battery, informing me that the necessary ar- rangements were all maJe, and that he wished me to go with him to the quarters, at once. An officer who came with him assuring me that all was right, I requested Mr. Belt to con- duct the services in the hall, and forthwith repaired to the place. I preached from Pro v. v. 7 — Wisdom's ways are ways of pleasantness — to a quiet and respectful auditory of one hun- dred men, and received the thanks of a number, who came up after the sermon, and spoke to me. As we go into our bunks, to-night, the weather is stormy, and blustering, making it hard on the sick ; and I presume, that we may expect a continuance of the late ratio of mortality. To-day, sixteen deaths are reported. One of tha bodies was carried across the river, yesterday, for removal to Maryland. Of the sixteen, one was a Yankee. Saturday, 3d. — A court-martial has been sitting, to-day, for the trial of Capt. M , of the Purnell Legion, who has been playing the rake, on a large scale — not only among the few females on the Island, but with strangers who visit sick rela- tives at the barracks. If reports be true, he must be a grand rascal, indeed, offering insults even to female children, and in one instance to a deaf mute. Two ladies, from Kentucky, DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 157 were decoyed into liis room, under the pretence of showing them around ; and whilst one of them walked out with a brother officer, he locked the doer, and pushing the stranger on the bed, offered her the grossest insults, and would have no doubt violated her person, had she not successfully resisted and procured timely help. The sentence of the court has not yet transpired, but he will of course be dismissed the service, and ought at once be handed over to the civil law. About a thousand North Carolina prisoners were called out, this afternoon, to receive clothing. A more wretched looking set of men, I have never seen — dirty, ragged, bare-footed, weak, sick, and tottering, they sat or laid about the grass, be- tween their quarters and the General's residence, until called up, in squads, to get the several articles assigned them. Every man carried with him, whatever knapsacks, haversacks, blankets, canteens, frying-pans, boxes, fishing-rods, or other "nick- nacks," he possessed ; and after getting a shirt, drawers, shoes, and perhaps some other articles, according to his need, passed on to the old barracks, recently vacated by the fifteen hundred men who have gone to Point Lookout. I presume this dis- tribution of clothing, is in accordance with a provision of the cartel ; and it is certainly a god-send in a time of necessity. The beer drinking continues, and fights among the Yankee soldiers are the order of the day. Not much damage is done, however, as the participants are generally taken to the guard- house, and allowed time to sober ofT, to take a fresh spree on the morrow. Sunday, Ai.h. — At the request of Mr. Fricrson, and a num- ber of j physicians, I preached this morning, at 11 o'clock, to the Confederate surgeons, in their own quarters. Nearly all of them were present, including those who mess inside the Fort. I have never had a more attentive and respectful audi- ence, in ray life. Felt a degree of embarrassment from this very fact, together with the close proximity of my congrega- 158 UKITED STATES BONDS ; OE, tion, as I stood before them. The individuality of their several faces, as they looked upon me witli countenancts expressive of earnest inquiry, disconcerted me in an unusual manner. W'as gratified to learn, before the close of the day, that notwith- standing the difficulties, the sermon had made some impression. Dr. Foster, who came into my room in the evening to see a patient, encouraged me by the remark that the explanation I had given of my subject, presented a clearer view than he had ever heard before, and removed some important difficulties from his mind. Mr. Belt took ray place in the hall, an»^ gave general satis- faction, with one of Dr. Alexander's sermons, and also in the prayer and Scripture selection. At night, addressed my prison congregation, at greater length than I had intended, and without a text, on the Excuses offered by the sinner for neglect of the great interests of the soul. Felt aroused, and greatly in earnest. In the final appeal was moved to tears, and several of my hearers, I thought, were weeping with me. Mr. Belt closed with fervent prayer ; and I have no doubt, all felt, that God was with us. Oh, for some speedy fruits from this sincere effiart to glorify God ! It pained me to find that several of the inmates of No. 3 (for whom I had been hoping) were not present during the ser- vice, and that their door Avas closed, although we were worship- ping in their immediate neighborhood. How impossible for the unregenerate to persevere in any good resolutions. A box came from Miss Julia Jefferson, with clothing to be distributed among sundry prisoners of the Fourth Texas, and other regiments. The articles are accompanied by a good lot of peaches, and sweet potatoes, for my own comfort. This faithful almoner, and her associates ought ever to be remem- bered by the boys from " Dixie." A b ichelor Irishman, who has lived for about fifteen years on the Island, and whose duty it has been to»ring the bell, at- tend water-gates, and perform similar duties, was found this DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 159 morning, in the sluice leading from the moat to the river, on the northeast side of the Fort. He must have been drowned, on Friday night, while attending to some duty during the storm. Monday, 5th. — Mr. Frierson tells me, that there was no card-playing all day, ycsterilay, at his quarters; and that a prevailing quiet was observed, until bed-time — the day being closed with a sermon, by himself. The small-pox appears to be on the increase. Eight cases were brought from the barracks, into the hospital, early this morning. Some havd died of the disease, and the number still ranges at about forty. The virus which was put into my arms, about a week ago, has had no effect ; and to-day I have tried some new matter, imported to the Island by Col. Waring. The physicians assure me, that there are not less than fifteen hundred sick and invalid men at the barracks, and in the hospitals. Upwards of six hundred of them are tolerably well cared for, in the new and airy buildings recently erected for hospital purposes ; but their sufferings in the close, filthy, and crowded barracks, must be very great. If the poor fellows could be taken out, and marched around the Island, once a day ; or were they even allowed to come out, and recline at will on the grass, in the open air, it would be a great relief, and a bene- fit to their health. I was glad that the attention of the Com- mandant was called to the state of things, this morning, by the sight of a poor " reb," who was being transferred in a dying condition, from his noxious quarters, to the hospital. The General, at once, gave orders for a larger accommodation, and directed that each of the sick wards be supplied with a sufficient corps of nurses. Five or six hundred men turned out, this afternoon, to un- load a sloop, which had just arrived with building materials for the church — all of which were prepared in Philadelphia, and are now ready to be put together, for a handsome little temple, •which must be completed in a very short time. 160 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR The interments yesterday were eight; and to-day llicro wcra fourteen. Tuesday, 6th. — Felt unusually well ; and realized the con- nection between a right state of body and a cheerful mind. With good herilth, and a good conscience, there must always be a happy face, even in the day of trial. Got two letters from my wife, which increase my comfort; besides replying to her, wrote to Portsmouth, for the first time, during my imprisonment. My wife tells me, that a union has, at last, been effected be- tween the two branches of the Presbyterian Church, in the South — a result which I have long ardently desired, but scarcely hoped to see. This news cheers my heart more t!:an I can express. Its effect upon the Church, and the general interests of religion will be incalculable for good. God be praised ! Two men, belonging to the burial corps, have mana2;c;l to make their escape. It was accomplished, I think, whilst the Osceola was stopping, for a short time, at New Castle. Guards were jolaced around the town, for the night, to prevent their egress ; but the precaution failed, and the boys are safely on their way to Dixie. The number of escapes since the battle of Gettysburg, is truly astonishing. How many have gotten off, it would be impossible to say. Some think the number is not less than one thousand ; others put the estimate at five or six hundred. One thing is certain — many have gone; and they continue to disappear, every Aveek, cither f^ingly, or in squads. I have learned, from an eye-witness, that Appleton, the man who killed the Georgian some six weeks ago, committed tlie deed in cold blood. The j)oor fellow was standing on the seat of the privy, with his head elevated above the fence, when the brave Dclawarcan put his gun through an opening in the boards, and aiming at the head, blew out the brains of the un- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 161 suspectiDg and defenceless prisoner. The murdered man, whose name I have not learned, was a member of the Third Georgia Regiment, which, under the command of Col. (now General) A. R. Wright, was at one time encamped at Ports- mouth. There seems to have been no particular investigation of the case, as the Georgian was reported to have been trying to make his escape. Eighteen co^ns remained on the wharf, to-day, from 8 A. M. until a quarter past 2 P. M., waiting to be carrie 1 to Jersey, for interment. Two of the boxes contained the bodies of men who had died from small-pox; and I noticed crowds standing about them, at intervals ; and frequently saw persons leaning against them. With such indifference to sanitary regulations, hosv can it be otherwise, than that we should have sickness and death to an alarming extent Wednesday, 1th. — The first excitement, to-day, was the launching of a small boat, the property of the Provost-Marshal. The circumstance, though trifling in itself, attracted consider- able attention. Crowds gathered around, as though it were a wonderful event. The best of it was, that Col. Waring, and' Gibson were invited by the Provost to take a ride with him;, and thus a couple of jirisoners had some little change from, their usual dull routine. Mr. Paddock furnished me with late copies of all the re- ligious papers published in New York and Philadelphia, — large bundles of which are distributed among the prisoners, under the direction of the Christian Commission. Although they contain much objectionable matter, and frequently evince a bitter hatred of everything Soutljcrn, they have, nevertheless, much readable matter, and are little calculated to do mischief. The venom is so glaringly apparent, that few persons are simple enough to swallow it, without the proper precautions. It is, sometimes, very unpleasant, however, to notice the marked hostility of professedly Christian editors and„ correspoiKlc:i(s 11 162 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR against the noblest and best spirits of the Confederacy. When such men as S:one\vall Jackson, and the Rev. Dr. Stiles are abused as fanatics; and the Rev. Dr. Moore vilified, because being a native of Pennsylvania, he cannot think as do his Black-Republican friends ; and Bishop Hopkins is protested against, by numerous clergy of his own church, because he has boldness and honesty enough to preach the Bible doctrine, on the subject of slavery, — it is time to inquire, where is the piety of the North.? — What, the source of delusion, that has opened the flood-gates of error upon thousands of human minds, measuring principle by geographical lines, and squaring every rule of righteousness by self-interest and the worship of dollars and cents ? How strange is the day in which we Vixc ! Received, as a present, fiom the Rev. Dr. Baird, of New Jersey, a fine large-print Bible — for which he has my hearty thanks. This good brother became apprised of my necessity, when here abjut ten days ago, and has remembered me, much to my comfort. The burials to-day, numbered eleven. Thursday, 8th. — Found seventeen coffins on the wharf this morning, and learn that the sickness continues unabated. We have S'jveral patients on our own floor. Belt, Porter, Alkire, Parker, and others, are all complaining, more or less. Messrs. Belt, and Porter are seriously ill. Our physician is Dr. Foster, of Lexington, Ky ,a very gentlemanly and agreeable surgeon, belonirinff to Morgan's command. The Doctor has been active at the barracks, and seems always ready to obey a call. His testimony accords with that of the oth(>r physicians, in regard to the great deficiency in t'lo supply of medicines. He has per- sonally handed to Dr. fSilliman a list of twenty-one different articles needed immediately. Strange that a United States Medical Director, in charge of a hospital at one of the most important posts in the country, should suffer himself to be ignorant in regard to a matter so essential to a humane and DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 163 faithful discharge of ofScialflnfvr -p u , . „ ws at the birracks, who are densely crowded, scantily supplied with food, and in the midst of dirt. It is bad enough here, however, and I sigh to bj free ; but if I can- not have an honorable release, I had rather suffer on, even for m mtlis to c nme. I am a prisoner for conscienc;)' sake, and believe that my Heavenly Father will, ere long, " deliver me out of all my distresses." Mr. PaJdock, the Federal Chaplain, called and left some papers for distribution. I am very glad to get thesj weeklies ; but never read them without having my feelings hurt — not- withsianding many go )d things they contain. It is especially painful lo find religious j )ui'nals opposing compromise, and rejoicing with a malignant spitj, in the purpose of subjuga- tion, or extermination. A correspondent of the Independent, of October 1 5th, says : " Wc are to bring this civil war to a close, not by compromise. Compromise, thank God, is impos- sible. It is to come bi/ subjugation or extermination of the rebels, and in no other waj/." Are they who thus teach dis- ciples of the Prince of Peace ? Are they not demons, belch- ing forth the very spirit of the pit ? Alas, for the age in which we live ! The church is demoralized — the Christian name is too frequently a deceit — Christ's members (?) are mad men ! All this is literally true to a very great extent, at the North. How long, oh Lord ! shalt thou be wounded in the house of thy friends ? Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly, and help thy professed followers to see eye to eye ! Come, and root out of Thy Church all selfishness, avarice, vain ambi- tion, delusion, and all that wild fanaticism that arrogates to itself a monopoly in the knowledge of Thy will, and that would crush out the life of millions, with a jubilant hate, 188 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR claiming to be the righteous executioners of Thy decrees — the sword of the Almighty in the hands of the just ! " Ye who surround, and guide the State, Does justice on your councils wait? Ye judges with impartial laws, Does truth maintain the righteous cause? "Oh how perverse mankind has grown I Your hearts the deeds of mischief own ; Your lawless minds, and fearless hand Spread acts of rapine thro' the land. "The Lord the lion's teeth shall break, And from his mouth the grinders shake; Their life-like running streams shall flow, Or snap like arrows in the bow. "So shall the astonished world declare, The just a sure reward shall share; Yes, there's a God whom men shall know — The judge of all the earth below." For Mr. Paddock, who favors me with a sight of these papers, I have a sincere regard. He appears to be a good man, intent on accomplishing something for the glory of God. He is a Republican, I have no doul)t, as I find his name ap- pended to the protest against Bishop Hopkins' famous and unanswerable address on the subject of slavery ; but he is unobtrusive and gentlemanly, and deserves to be noticed for his generous manner towards the prisoners, and his Christian bearing among the sick at the hospitals. When I meet such men, my soul is grieved that there should be any " root of bitterness" between us — for our hearts are "one" in Jesus Christ. " Let envy and ill will. Be banished far away ; And all in Christian bonds unite, Who the same Lord obey." L came into my room this evening, and seemed dis- posed to have a private talk. He is a young man of good fe.mily, and some education, but high-tempered, and easily led ^31 ^■=\ mi^i'-^^ '%' . DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 189 astray. He took my suggestions on the subject of personal religion, in good part ; stated his objections and difficulties ; and acknowledged the obligations of duty, promising to amend his ways, and to seek the salvation of his soul. May he have the aid of the gracious Spirit. Sunday, 25th. — The weather being cool to-day, and the hall uncomfortable, our services were held in No. 1, where we had a good fire, and ought to have had a cosy time ; but the attendance was poor, both in the forenoon and at night ; and I felt discouraged. As I am, now, the only professor of re- ligion in the apartment, perhaps it is expecting too much to look for large congregations, as heretofore, when there were others to encourage attendance. Generally, the congregations are good ; indeed it has surprised me to find such constant attendance and respect manifested by impenitent men. "We have had services every day, for about three months ; and it would be surprising if there had been no wavering, nor flag- ging. But how much good has been accomplished it is hard to tell ; more, probably, than I shall ever know anything about in this world. God grant that I may find in eternity, if not before, that many have been saved through the Word preached in prison. The subject this morning was Self-Denial, from Matt. xvi. 24 ; and in the evening I preached from the text, Prepare to meet thy God. We had another spectacle of torment, this forenoon, in the case of two poor Irishmen, members of Co. Q, who were hung up by their thumbs and wrists, in front of their own quarters, and in presence of all their comrades. They were tied by a rope to a cross-beam which was thrown over the parapet, and then drawn up until they could only just stand upon the ends of their toes. They appeared to suffer very much, and one of them looked every moment as though he would faint from pain and exhaustion. The hands of each were purple and dis- 190 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE tended with blood. The weaker of the two, finding it impos- sible to retain his water, was agonized with tins additional mortification. This scene of barbarism was under the imme- diate direction of Capt. Ahl and Provost-Marshal Hawkins ; the latter a very pompous and arrogant little fellow, whose dis- gusting and unfeeling conduct towards prisoners is a subject of constant remark. The occasion of the present infliction was the independence of one of the Irishmen in returning a blow given by the Provost- Marshal — an act which was considered by the Irish- man as unmilitary and unjust. The other man was punished for cursing one of the " galvanized rebs." Tliey botli, no doubt, deserved punishment; but this heathenish method can receive no reasonable justification from any penal statute among a civilized people. But the climax of Hawkins' barbarity consisted in his calling, across the Fort-yard, to the writhing man who struck him, "How do you like it. Sir? How do you like it ? " as though gloating in the suffering of his enemy. Alas, for the humanity of the Lincoln rule ! The quiet of this holy day has been interrupted, in two in- stances, by unpleasant occurrences on our own floor. A fracas took place this morning between L and P , which led to blows ; the latter narrowly escaping injury from the stroke of a steel file upon his head. They are both impulsive, and will doubtless regret the occurrence, and be friends again. The other difficulty took place between Capt. B and S , the latter a very disagreeable and unpopular man, who is fre- quently involved in quarrels with some of our company. These altercations are deeply to be regretted ; and I earnestly hope we shall have nothing more of the kind. Monday, 2Qth. — Was informed by Mr. Paddock — through Col. Waring — that friends in Delaware are making noble efforts for my release. This is certainly very gratifying intel- ligence, if true, and is just what I have had a right to expect. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 191 The time was when my friends in that region were numbered by scores — perhaps hundreds. They knew my opinions upon all subjects, and the great majority appeared to be in full sym- pathy with me in whatever was expressed, in regard to the state of the country, and the prospects of the colored race. They never knew me to be a babbler, nor a brawler — nor can any man say that I ever took an active part in politics, or ever voted a strictly party ticket. They can, also, testify to the evident sincerity of my purposes as a minister of the Gospel, and that they never knew me, as a public man, to have any end to subserve other than to do good, and bless all around me, of whatever party, color, or condition. Then, I have had a right to claim sympathy from these old friends of a farmer ministry; and should the statement of Mr. Paddock be true, I shall be gratified as much for their sakes as my own. Should it be untrue, then I may take comfort in the remembrance of Him who, perfect in every purpose and act of His life, was forsaken by His own disciples, in the day of adversity. If in the hun)iliation of the God-man, they all forsook Him and fled, who am I — however conscientious or correct — that I should be remembered in the midst of tliese clouds ? But, it was not be- cause they had ceased to love Him — they were afraid ! Thanks be to God, there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother ! The young men inaugurated an amusement in the hall, to- night, which gave them some good exercise, and served, for a time, to drive dull care away. About an hour was spent in dancing, to tunes hummed by Welsh, whose lively notes were quite a good substitute for the violin. Though no friend to jjromiscuous dancing, I was very glad to see these young fel- lows hopping around for the benefit of their health in the ab- sence of more suitable exercise. After the dancing, we had a full attendance at worship. Tuesday, 27th. — Letters from my wife, and daughter Ger- trude, to-day. 192 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR The four physicians who, in company with Col. Waring, have been visiting the inside of the Fort, have been assigned to separate quarters — the object being to afford them better facilities for co-king. We had a great excitement on the Island, this morning, oc- casioned by a request from the citizens of Port Penu to Gen. Schoepf, for assistance in the capture of a number of rowdies from New York, who were congregated near that place, to re- gale themselves with the spectacle of a prize fight. The Gen- eral promptly responded to the call ; and immediately put everything about the Fort in readiness for the arrest of the parties. A detachment of soldiers was sent to Port Penn, and a six pounder cannon taken to the bank of the rivei. Three small steamers came along, after awhile, closely hugging the Jersey shore; a couple of musket shots brought two of them to an immediate halt — the third succeeding in passing the Fort. Two of the princijials, with a large number of spectators, were captured and brought into the Fort, and the prize fighters as- signed to the cells. This episode gave us an interesting change ; and it was not a little amusing to see the General running about in his excitement, ordering everybody into the Fort, or to quarters. A good service has been done in the capture of these ras- cals ; who were not only disturbing the quiet of a retired neigh- borhood, by the brutality of a fight, but — by robbery and other outrages — deserving summary punishment^ 1 Tlio following paragraph, in relation to this affair, is clipped from a Phila- delphia diii y : The Latk Pkize Fights.— All tho parties who were arrested by the orders of Gen. Schoepf, llie Oonimundant of Fort Delaware, for being implicated In the robberies and outrage at Port Penn, on the occasion of the prize fights on Tuesday last, were liberated at a late hour the same evening by order of the General, with tho exception of Edward Wilson and Con. Orem, the principals, who were handed over to the State autliorities. They were conveyed to tho county jail at Now Castle, Delaware, where they still remain, being held in the sum of four hundred dollars bail each. When the second flght between Orem and Patsy Marley was broken up in consequence of the attaclc by the military, who had been sent from Fort Dela- ware for th.'it purpose, there was a general dispersion of the spectators in every direction; but tliey were met by the soldiers, wlio had been thrown out as skirmishers on all sides, and who fl red at every fugitive who refused to stop and surrender when called upon to do so. Nearly a hundred were taken in thismann<^r; some, however, made good their escape across the country to St. Georgia's Stn tion, oa the Baltimore Hue of railroad, and others reached Dela- ware City in safety. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 193 Had a good talk with Captains Miles and Cannon, two old tars, about the dangers of the sea. Capt. Miles is an Eastern Shoreman, from Somerset county, Maryland, who has followed the sea more than forty years. He is an amiable, kind-hearted man, and has some good stories, which he tells with zest, but without hyperbole. The young men had another- dance in the hall before wor- ship; but cheerfully relinquished the sport at the hour for evening service, and did not resume it afterward. The attend- ance, indeed, was unusually large ; and all were respectful, and manifested interest in the services. Wednesday/, 28th.- — Wrote Ltters to my wife and daughter G , suggesting words of comfort. Had a present of a five dollar greenback, from one of the " Delaware boys," who has managed to bring a good deal of money into the Fort with him, and who makes a generous use of it, in aiding his fjllow-prisoners. In my own case this kindness was delicately proffered, and I forbear to mention his name, simply as a matter of prudence, and in deference to his own feelings. Poor attendance at prayers ; and a good deal of noise and frolicking, which continued until a late hour. Thursday, 2dth. — "Was awakened at a very early hour, and had no more sleep during the morning. Several persons have copied my lines on the " Old Flag." Cunningham came in whilst I was occupied in making a tran- I^fnre than one hart narrow escapes, their clothes being perforated by the Mi nie balls. Fitzgerald etcaped Ijy a clever ruse, having bribed the engineer of the steamer on whicii he was wlien siie was captured, to allow liim to act as his assistant engineer, while anotlier prominent sporting city official of Phila- delphia became, tfmporarily, a coal-passer and fireman : he also escaped de- tection. Wilson, when taken, was in a berth on tliesanie b')at, attemled by his seconds, wlio were busily engaged in attending to his severe facial injuries. Con. Orem, one of the principals in the second fight, was taken on the way to the boat at Port Penn, his battered countenance causing him; to be easily re- cognized as one of the combatants. Marley, his opponent, escaped detection, and reached Philadelphia the same evening. 13 194 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR script ; and with his curious eyes read the piece, and inquired " who wrote it ? " — but got no reply ; and after making some careless comments, passed on. Have been very uneasy, lest the thing may be sought for, and its discovery in some way add to my discomfort. Lieut. Wailes, of the Purnell Legion, called to inform me that he was about to leave for Baltimore, with his regiment, and to say good-bye. He will carry a message for Colonel Purnell. About twenty wounded soldiers arrived, this afternoon, by way of Philadelphia, from the hospital at Harrisburg. Among them were two officers, Capt. E. G. Leach, Co. K, 26th Ala- bama Regiment, and Lieut. Miles J. Taylor, Co. H, 23th Alabama Regiment. They a23pear to be worthy and pleasant gentlemen — the former from Columbus, Mississippi, and the latter from Pikeville, Alabama. One hundred and forty small-pox cases were reported this morning. Full attendance at worship. Friday, SOth. — The Purnell Legion left the Island, this morning, en route for Baltimore, to cast their votes at the ap- proaching election. I presume they will all vote, with their officers, the Republican ticket. I know it to bo true, however, from conversations which I have had Avith several of them, that they are heartily nick of the war; and that their sympa- thies are strongly with the South. If they had never entered the United States service, and they could now make choice in the matter, they would gladly connect themselves with the Con- federate Army. Capt. Ball called on the General for twenty dollars, sent him in a letter from a friend ; and was put off with one-fourth of that sum, paid in sutler's tlekets — the balance having been retained to be doled out to the old gentleman, at the option of the Commandant ; and then can only be disbursed at the sut- ler's, where the highest prices are invariably imposed. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 195 Capt. Miles sent a polite note to Col. Graham, requesting a short interview before he left the Island ; but the privilege was denied, though of great importance to a man who has been lying in prison full seven months. Dr. Hitch's father visited the Island, to-day, bringing very discouraging intelligence for the Delawareans. He saw no prospect for their release until after the election. Saturday, 31sf. — Got up long before day, intending, as 1 was unable to sleep, to occupy the early morning in reading and study. Had no candle ; and after dressing, was obliged to wait a long time for day. The light never seemed so long in appearing. Got tired, and fell back into my bunk with my clothes on, and was now able to get asleep, and presently opened my eyes, somewhat refreshed, upon a rainy morning. Mr. Belt has returned from the hospital, entirely well of the small- pox, and looking like a new man. He gives an affecting account of the sufferings of his fellow-patients ; and says that during the seventeen days of his sojourn with them, the average number of deaths was five a day. There are now one hundred and sixty cases of this loathsome disease. During the month, there have been three hundred and seventy-three deaths from various diseases ; and to-day the number of burials was ten. Whiskey bottles are still finding their way into our apart- ment ; and the evil effects are constantly visible. Had an op- portunity of fully expressing my views on the subject of tem- perance, in No. 2, and hope not without influence for good. Doctors Hitch and McKown are blowing away on their horns, every day, much to the gratification and amusement of some of our number, but oftener to the annoyance of others. Softer music, as upon the flute, or violin, would now be a plea- sant change in our prison life. The talk about exchanges is constant, and the alternations of hope and despondency are frequent. At this time there 196 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK seems to be great discouragement, and a general spirit of com- plaint at the tardiness of the two Governments. It is certainly much to be regretted, that so many thousands should be com- pelled to linger out a miserable existence, and then to lie in unknown graves, simply to gratify the whims of officials, who feel no pain at the horrors of the terrible struggle. The Con- federates, at this place, are worn out with disappointment and vain hope. Many, at the hospitals, who have been relieved of their specific diseases, sink back again into their beds when they hear, from day to day, of the failure of the Government Commissioners to arrange a cartel ; and it is the testimony of all the physicians, that scores of our noble young men, worried and worn out by hard living, and long confinement, are fre- quently seized with an oppressive home-sickness, and sink rapidly into premature graves. VI. November. Sunday, 1st. — Slept very uncomfortably last night, for the want of bed-clothing, having divided with Mr. Belt, who has recently returned from the hospital. Held services, to-day, in No. 1, the weather being too cold for the hall. Several were absent, who assign as a reason, the disagreeableness of sitting in the same room with S , who objects to having his room occupied by tobacco-si^itters, and who for other reasons seems unpopular. My text in the afternoon was the words : Will a man rob God f and at night : Ij the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear f Had little liberty in DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 197 the morning, but succeeded better at night. The seed is sown ; eternity will discover the fruit. To God be the glory, what- ever the result ! The 5th Maryland Regiment took up its quarters opposite my window. Monday, 2d. — Felt unusually well to-day, and thought it a good time to try my hand at the wash-tub. With the assist- ance of Ambrose, our principal dabster in this line, got out a number of pieces, such as undershirts, stockings, handkerchiefs, and towels ; all of which are to be used without ironing. I find myself submitting, very cheerfully, to^ clean shirt once a week, which is all I can afford to put into the hands of a washerwoman — my purse being now reduced to a very few dollars, with no prospect ahead. Dr. Alexander McCown, (Burns' Battery, Morgan's Divi- sion), having requested me to drop a few lines to his father, who is a minister of the Presbyterian Church, in Kentucky, it gave me pleasure to comply with the request, thinkipg how glad I would be to receive a letter from any ministerial acquaintance of my own dear son, especially should he be able to give a good account of him. Had a free talk with the Doctor on the subject of personal religion. Found him in a restless, anxious state of mind, desiring to renounce his sins, but excusing him- self on the ground of the utter impossibility of accomplishing anything, with liis present surroundings. Conversed also with Dr. Shepherd, who was accessible and respectful, whilst I endeavored to impress his mind with the great importance of a Christian life. He is from Collin County, Texas, and is surgeon in the 3d Kentucky Cavalry, Morgan's Division. He is a very accommodating fellow, and has done me some service, through " the underground mail route." The surgeons were all moved into the Fort, to-day ; and the conjectures are various as to the "why and wherefore;" inasmuch as considerable preparations had but recently been ^^^ UNITED STATES BONDS; OR made for the improvement of their condition in a building on the outside. It is alleged that these quarters are needed for another purpose; but it is more probable that " the authori- ties deem it necessary further to restrict the privileges of the prisoners. A sentinel, of the 5th Maryland Regiment, whilst in charge ot the pohtical prisoners, made himself quite familiar with certain of our number, while we were on the river bank, and enjoyed himself much at a game of quoits,-for which he was reprimanded by the officer of the day, and ordered to meet him at the sally-port. What ensued I could not learn; but It is likely that the poor fellow paid the forfeit of the cells No papers could be procured to-day for love or money •' al- though, on yesterday, they were, for the first time, hawked through the rooms, by i>ermission of Capt. Ahl. The news of yesterday was rather discouraging to the prisoners; to-day It may be less gratifying to the Yankees. Tuesdmj, Sd.~~A youth of seventeen or eighteen years of age was hung up, a la Sepoy, in front of the convicts' quarters lor gettmg drunk, and stealing a pair of boots. This chap' though a New Yorker, is a Rebel prisoner, and has been em- ployed by the surgeons as a waiter and cook. He is a very bad boy; and deserves punishment, more or less, every day ihe infliction in this case, though of the barbarous kind was not rigidly carried out. The corporal, who seemed to'bea humane fellow, tied him loosely, and without elevatin*. his arms to the usual extent. The consequence was, that the" bov twice slipped his hands; and when another man ti^^htened the cords, he forced the officer to let him down, more%han once under pretence of an immediate necessity from diarrhoea In this way, the cunning fellow divided his time, and got otf with- out much suffering. It surprised me to hear him boldly de- clare himself a Rebel; and with defiance, sing several frag- ments of " contraband " son^^s. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 199 The " Rebs " are now favored with frequent airings around the Island. To-day they are turned out without their usual luggage; and their general appearance seemed considerably improved. Twelve or fifteen Confederate prisoners were brought into the Fort, from Pennsylvania hospitals. Eight dead bodies were carried to the Jersey shore, this morning. Wednesday, 4^/i.— The 5th Maryland Regiment left, this forenoon, without muskets, for Elkton, or Baltimore, to cast their votes for county and State officers. Had a visit from Dr. Alex. McCown ; and at his own re- quest advised with him, privately, on the subject of personal religion. He is evidently in a disturbed state of mind, deeply convicted of sin, desirous of a change, but irresolute and, I fear, despairing. Suggested the importance of resolution ; warned him against irregular habits, and pointed him to the great Physician. His case is one deserving great sympathy ; and as the son of a brother minister, I feel special concern for his eternal well-being. He has, recently, had a severe and danger- ous operation performed on his person ; and tells me, that al- though apprehending death, he felt too wicked to ask the for- giveness of Almighty God. How different were the feelings of David, who after his great sins, exclaimed : " O Lord, I am oppressed— undertake for me ! " . and again : " Have mercy upon me, O Lord, for my sin is great." Capt. Cannon's brother came to see him, to-day, and brings the intelligence that Gen. Tyler threatens the imprisonment of several other citizen^ of Sussex, and that there are some men at Laurel, who he says must be banished or shot. Dr. Silliman refused, to-day, to allow a prescription of Dr. Foster's to be honored at the dispensary ; and demanded of Tibbetts, who carried the paper, to know by what authority Doctor F. assumed to practice among the political prisoners. 200 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Until now, we were under tlie impression that Dr. Foster had jiot only full liberty to prescribe in our apartment, but that he had been regularly appointed to do ao. He has, certainly, been very kind and attentive ; and has given general satisfac- tion on our floor. Silliman's opposition to what is pleasant, and acceptable to us, gives us no better opinion of the Medical Director, e-pecially as he affords us, himself, little, or no at- tention.' Have been suffering, to-day, with severe pains in my back and shoulders, having caught cold from insufficient clothing, and the absence of a stove in the room. Carpenters are at work putting up more comfortable bunks in all the rooms. In consequence of being so unwell, brought JNIr. Belt's ser- vices into requisition at worship ; and after reading a chapter myself, called upon him to lead in prayer. Thursday, 5th. — Still suffering with rheumatism, in my neck and shoulders. Walked out, as usual, in the afternoon ; and fell in with a number of " Rebs," who were unloading a vessel at the M^harf. The guards were unusually lenient, and interposed no obstacle in the way of free conversation with the men. The Dela- wareans, who had never enjoyed this opportunity before, made good the occasion; posted themselves in regard to various matters of iutorest ; and Hearn, who seems to be pretty flush of cash, enjoyed the opportunity of bestowing a handful of small notes, which were gratefully . accepted by the needy prisoners. Licut.-Col. Irving, Assistant Exchange Officer, visited the Island, to-day, to investigate the condition of the prisoners. He had an interview with the surgeons ; but the political prisoners were not honored with his inspection. The Colonel says, a plan of exchange — man for man, according to grade — is now proposed : which, being acceptable to both parties. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 201 must lead to a speedy result. A hope, though faint, is thus agaiu awakened among our tired and neglected soldiers, sur- geons, and citizen j^risoners. Friday, 6th. — The old bunks in No. 6 were torn down this morning, and new ones erected in their stead. This will add greatly to our comfort ; as the miserable, rough boards upon which we have been sleeping, heretofore, were literally swarm- ing with bed-bugs. In tearing these away, we had quite a scene — the floor being strewed with the nasty insects, and every man in the room stamping, striking with sticks, and in various other ways, endeavoring to exterminate the vermin. Our condition, through the summer, as we have contended with bed-bugs, mosquitoes, stench, heat, and lice, has been almost' intolerable. In regard to the last, however, I must add, that in our room we have been comparatively free from them — being indebted to neighbors, and visitors, for the few stragglers that have crept in amongst us. As for myself, I have been fortunate enough, so far, as not to find a single wanderer upon my person, or clothing; but to the dismay of myself, and equally neat and cleanly bed-fellow, Shreve, they have been discovered sufficiently often (two or three times at least) to keep us always apprehensive. A prison, at best, is a miserable place. A letter is found in ihe Philadelphia Inquirer, of to-day, giving a terrible account of the sufferings of the Yankee pris- oners at Richmond. The statement is, palpably, exaggerated and high colored ; and bears the impress of prejudice, and great effort for effect. Almost every illustration adduced in the article, will apply to Fort Delaware, and to these may be added instances of individual cruelty, and oppression, which would put to shame the unscrupulous statements of this writer, who claims to have been a Federal Chaplain. It has not been uncommon here for our half-clothed, half- fed Confederates at the barracks, to be ordered about in the 202 TTNITED STATES BONDS ; OR coarsest and roughest manner, by their inferiors; and to be knocked on the head with sticks ; or to be stuck with bayo- nets, for the slightest offences ; and, sometimes, (for no crime whatever) men have been shot at, or cruelly murdered by sentinels, who bore malice, and justified themselves upon the plea that they were trying to prevent escapes. Sick men have been kept at the barracks until perfectly emaciated from diarrhoea, without the necessary sick vessels ; and have been obliged to stagger, through the quarters, to the out- house on the bank of the river, with filth streaming upon their legs ; and then unable to help themselves, they have fallen upon the pathway, and have been found dead in the morning— victims of cruel neglect. Barefooted, bareheaded, and ragged men, tottering with disease, have been left to suffer long for the necessary clothing, or medicines, which might have been abundantly supplied ; men, scarcely con- valescent, have been made to walk from one end of the Island to the other, in changing hospitals, thus bringing on a re- lapse in almost every case, and have died in a few days there- after. Physicians, in contract service, have gone daily into the hosjiitals, saturated with liquor ; and without looking at the tongue, or feeling the pulse, have tantalized the poor sufferers with the prescription, " Oh, you must eat ! You must eat ! " and without either furnishing them with medi- cine or meat, have left them to die. Sick men on entering the hospitals, have been denuded of their clothing ; and Avhen getting a little better, have been forced to walk over damp floors in their stocking-feet and drawers, to the water-closet, at a remote end of the building — thus exposing themselves to cold and the danger of relapse. Men have been dismissed from the hospitals to go to Point Lookout, without hat, shoes or blanket; hundreds have been exposed to the danger of contracting the small-pox from coffins filled with loathsome bodies, left for hours together on the wharf, whilst j^ris- oners have been embarking for exchange; the dispensary DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 203 has remained, not otilj for days, but for weeks together, without some of the most important and common medi- cines; prisoners have been "bucked and gagged," for the most trivial offences; and the very dead have been robbed of their last shirts, placed in rough coffins, perfectly naked, and then hurried into shallow, unmarked graves. Much of all this crueity and inhumanity may not have been designed by those highest in authority; and had they known it, might not have received their sanction; but it has occurred under their administration, and they are, to a greater or less extent, accountable for it all. Were full details given in relation to these matters, they would be astounding, and perhaps incredible. In this place, they are referred to, with no disposition to exaggerate, nor to prejudice. Some of them could not, perhaps, have been well avoided ; but are recorded simply as an offset to the " Chaplain's " details. T— — has been frolicking nearly all this week, and to- day is completely upset — so much so, that he has been blustering, and scolding continually ; and, to-night, has borne down so hard, even upon me, that I have been obliged to speak to him pretty sharply, and have thus given pain to myself, as well as to him. I think he will be sorry for it, to- morrow ; and, perhaps, may be benefitted by his fall. Having plenty of room in No. 6, since the new arrange- ment of bunks — the weather being too cold for services in the hall— the company assembled in that room, to-night. Saturday, 7th. — Found my new bunk quite comfortable; but suffered somewhat, in the night, with an unpleasant cough. Had a visit, in our apartment, this morning, from Gen. Schoepf, Capt. Ahl, and Dr. Silliman — the object being to in- spect the quarters. They were all in a remarkably pleasant mood, and seemed disposed to make us as comfortable as pos- •sible — which is the more remarkable, as we heard only yes- 204 UNITED STATES BONDS; OFw terday, of the terrible sufferings of the prisoners at Richmond ! The three officers came into No. 6, and made themselves quite affable; looked around with unusual scrutiny; remained a longer time than in any other room ; and left us, with good impressions, as to our prospects, as prisoners, for the future. The General was particular in inquiring after my own health, and that of Mr. Belt, whom he appeared surprised to see — not having heard of his return from the hospital. He inquired whether I was in the habit of taking exercise in the open air. I told him that w6 had the opportunity of an hour, every day, and that I generally availed myself of the privi- lege. " You don't want to be out all the time," said he. " Oh, no, not all the time," I replied. "You go out!" he. rejoined. "Stay out as long as you please — stay out all day if you choose ! " I expressed myself obliged to him, wondering, at the same time, how this verbal permit was to be of any service to me in passing the numerous sentinels on the Island, when not accom- panied by the usual guard. I could only understand it as meaning that he had no personal objections to my enjoying the privilege, and was the more fully assured, when he remarked to me, aside, " You know how it is — some objections have been made." This is probably true, and I might noM', perhaps, have been in possession of the parole, but for the feeling of one or two fellow-prisoners, who can see no reason why they should not be allowed the same privilege ; and who may have com- plained accordingly. Dr. Silliman wanted to know how his vaccine cases had resulted ; and was informed, that not one had succeeded. This was what we had all expected from the hasty and careless manner he exhibited in manipulating his new-fashioned vaccine lancet — apparenley with more disposition to display the rapidity with which he could operate, than to accomplish a. good result. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 205 The men, about twenty-five or thirty in number, were all op- erated upon, as he sat, carelessly smoking — the instrument being dipped a single time into the matter, in each instance, and then sprung upon the arm. So much for the new mode of vaccination; and it must have been mortifying to the Doctor, when he learned that Atwood had since succeeded in getting good scabs upon some half a dozen of his patients, from virus inserted with a penknife. But this he objected to, assert- ing that no scab from an adult arm was of value for vaccine purposes. Had a letter from my wife, in which she says that she has received information from Portsmouth, of the death of Mrs. Wright, wife of the highly-respected physiciaa who was lately so tragically brought to his death by the Yankees, at Norfolk. She also says, that the eldest daughter has neither wept nor slept since her father's death. How dreadful this affair! By a majority of the citizens of Norfolk and Ports- mouth, the Doctor is considered a martyr. Capt. Leach, and Lieuts. Taylor and Williams left us, this evening, to occupy the same apartment with the surgeons, lately removed into the Fort. This arrangement was effected by the General, who seemed surprised to find them among the political prisoners. A Mr. Pearson, of "Washington, who is a member of the First Maryland Cavalry, sentenced to imprisonment for the war, by a late court-martial, was brought into our apartment, and selected a bunk in No. 7. Sunday, Sth. — Preached this morning to a small congrega- tion, in my own room, from Isaiah Ivii. 21 : ''There is no peaces &c." ; and at night, in the Hall, from the words : "The gift of God is eternal life." Felt discouraged to find so few in attend- ance, in the forenoon. The absentees, now, are chiefly the to- bacco-chewers, who are unwilling to abstain from the weed for one hour, — a piece of self-denial which is demanded of them 206 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR by the acknowledged habits of neatness practised in No. 6. Dr. Foster, from the surgeons' quarters, came up and joined in our worship — thus manifesting a greater interest in the preaching of the AVord, than some who would not have been obliged to walk more than the length of the passage. The surgeons seem anxious to have me preach for them again. As no unusual movement can be made here, without special authority, I have consented to do so, as soon as they secure the necessary permit. A number of prisoners were brought to the Island from Fort Norfolk, to-day. Most of them have undergone a sort of trial, and have been condemned to imprisonment, for a term of months, or for the war. Among them are Messrs. Charles H. Drummond, and John Shanks, of Norfolk, and Jesse D. Sykes, of Princess Anne County, Va. I remember Shanks quite well, as one of the " underground " mail carriers, between the "Twin Cities" and Richmond, whom I furnished with a number of letters for his first trip. Two Northern men — named Cannon, and Johnston — caught under suspicious circumstances, within the Yankee lines near Suffolk, are also of the Fort Norfolk company, and have been assigned to quarters with the political prisoners. Our company walked out, in the afternoon, but I preferred to keep my room, not only on account of a severe cough and cold, but as an example to others in keeping the Sabbath, as I have invariably done since I have been in prison. Monday, 9th. — Have been informed, that my old friend, and brother in the ministry. Rev. H. C. Fries, of Laurel, Del., is circulating a paper with a view to obtaining names, as peti- tioners for my release. He has my grateful remembrance for his interest in my behalf. To aid this effort, Capt. Long, a fellow-prisoner, has addressed a letter to Dr. Mustard, of Bal- *more Hundred, Sussex County, Del., requesting him to get the signatures of friends in that section; and Dr. McKown has DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 207 written to Smyrna on the same subject. A fearless and perse- vering effort might, possibly, accomplish the desired result ; but these are days when almost every man is afraid of his shadow, and when a] ) f;eem to think they have enough to do to look >f*^er themselves. X shall not be disappointed at unfavor- able results ; but it will be gratifying to find old acquaintances coming to my help, in the day of trial, as well to prove that friendship is more than a name, as for my individual comfort and happiness. Tuesday, 10th. — The last month of autumn is now fast pass- ing away, and we are still without stoves in Nos. 4 and 6 — all the other rooms having been supplied. True, we have access to our neighbors' fires, but in doing so, we must always be in a crowd, and frequently in the way of others. We would like to have opportunities for private reading and writing; and there are times when we must necessarily be at home, however uncomfortable the rooms. I have suffered considerably, at times, in trying to domesticate myself. To-day the cold has been intense. Gen. Schoepf and Capt. Ahl have both promised fairly enough, but — much to our discomfort — are slow to ac- complish. Were allowed to walk out, this afternoon, under guard ; but some of us found it rather too chilly to enjoy the privilege ; and others kept themselves warm by pitching quoits on the bank. It. has been long since I tried this sport, and I felt no inclination to renew my acquaintance with it, though now shivering in the keen air from the bay. It is said, that six new Yankee physicians have been intro- duced iuto the hospitals. They have not arrived before their ser- vices M'ere needed. Several of our own physicians are diligently at work there ; and others, perhaps, could have been profitably employed ; but various obstacles have opposed, and between the "authorities," and the surgeons, the sick have suffered. A grave responsibility exists somewhere. 208 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK Wednesday, 11th. — The inmates of No. 4 had a high timG last night. It would be difficult to say Avho was most under the influence of the spree. One thing is certain, they were all jolly enough ; and such laughing, halloing, lacing and kicking up, we have not heard in our apartment, since it has been my lot to be shut up in this jilace, where there are men of all tastes and habits. It was a long time before I found it possible to sleep — except at intervals — being aroused frequently by noises that " make night hideous." I feel sorry for these young men, who are generally representatives of respectable fimilics — and the more so, as several of them are still in their teens, whilst others have barely reached adult years. • Pat. Hearn, of Laurel, Del., was called out, this, morning, to go to Wilmington, for examination, before Gen. Tyler. Gen. Schoepf left for the same place j and it is hoped, that other cases will be brought to the attention of T.yler, and that several of our number will shortly be released. As Hearn's offence is a slight one, he will doubtless be released — especially, as it is thought he will vote the Republican ticket, at the ap- proaching election. Spent nearly all the forenoon, of to-day, in conversation with the Norfolk men, who are quartered in No. 5. Was amused by the skill of Mr. Sykes, who is a great adept in the use of the knife, and manufactures many wooden curiosities. Had a temperance talk in No. 7, and made a full disclosure of my views on that subject, hoping thus to cast some bread upon the waters. Was gratified at the attention manifested, and the evident impression upon some minds. The attendance at prayers continues full ; and the outward respect for the Word spoken, is all that can be desired. Thursday, 12th. — An Irishman, by the name of Farley, belonging to Company Q, has been bringing various articles of clothing into our room, and selling them at greatly reduced prices. To-day he was arrested, and committed to the cells on a charge of stealing. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 209 Slaughter Bradford, of Culpeper County, Va. — a neighbor of John Minor Botts — came into our apartment, to-day, as a prisoner ; and by invitation joined our mess in No. 6, until other arrangements can be made. He Avas about to become the bed-fellow of one of the most disagreeable and obnoxious men in the apartment ; but we thought it too bad, and I was the more Milling to prevent this result, when I found that he had specially requested to be placed with decent and intelligent men ; and that he had been encouraged, before coming in, by the mention of my name. Enjoyed a pleasant conversation with this gentleman, in the afternoon and evening; found him well posted in regard to the affairs of the South ; was gratified to learn the good condition of Gen. Lee's army ; discovered him to be a man after my own heart on the subject of the oath ; and was pleased to find that he is a professor of religion, and to see him on his knees, before going to bed. Good attendance at prayers. Mr. Bradford expressed great interest in the services, and offered to assist. Friday, \Mh. — Capt. Cannon's brother came to the Island,, expecting an interview ; but was not allowed to see him. • He was permitted to walk, under guard, to Capt. Ahl's office, where he left his valise, containing a few necessaries, and was im- mediately escorted back to the wharf, and ordered to leave forthwith. The sickness seems to have been on the decline for a few days past. Only two burials occurred to-day. There are one hundred and ffti/ small-pox cases, however, and the hospitals are full of patients. Gen. Schoepf has returned from Wilmington ; but we have not yet heard anything about the release of prisoners. Mr. Bradford has had an interview wiili him ; was courteously re- ceived ; and will, probably, be assigned to other quarters. Some wild fellows got off a good "sell" on Shreve — greatly to his disappointment, but which he bore with be- 14 210 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR coming grace. Taylor dressed himself in a Yankee overcoat, and hurriedly approached 'him wit'.i a call from the General. Hoping for favorable intelligence, from some friend trying for his release — off hj went to get the good news ; but had only descended a few steps, on the stairway, when Taylor revealed himself, and a loud laugh was heard at Shreve's expense Saturda]/, 14th. — Arose with a severe headache; and im- mediately after dressing, had to retreat to my bunk. AVas, presently, quite sick, and sent for Dr. Foster, wlio gave me a couple of anti-bilious pills, which kept me in bed all day — but the event proved that they wore much needed. Tibbets and Belt waited on me, with clo-e attention and kindness, and proved themselves to be true friends in my trouble. Dr. Foster was kind enough to report my indisposition to Capt. Ahl; and through the agency of the two gentlemen, I had the good fjrtune to have my parole renewed by the General, in the following words : "Dr. Handy has permission to walk around the Island, during day time, on account of his healtli. A. SciiCEPF, Brig -Gen. Comer g." Four men were drummed nround " the Pea Patch," to-day, with b ;rrels over their heads, as a punishment for stealing. They had betn employed as cooks at the barracks, and were, no doubt, guilty of the charge. "\^ as (oo sick t) conduct worship. Mr. Belt preferring" to be excused, the services were omitted. Mr. Bradford left us, and went into the room with Col. Waring. SiLnday, \bih. — We had no religious services-.— this being ■{\xQ first Sabbath thus jiassed since I have been in prison. Rpgn tte 1, exceedingly, that the usual routine should liave to DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 211 be interrupted ; but felt too week to kave ray bed, and of course, liad to submit. Surgeons Haynie, and Ware called in to see me, and con- tinued an hour or two in ^^leasant conversation. Tlioy have had an intimation, that the doctors will leave some time this week. Occupied a portion of the day in reading " The Dairyman's Daughter," and enjoyed it quite as much as if I had not often read it. Five men attempted to escape, last night, from the bar- racks. Two of the poor fellows were drowned ; and the other three were picked up, by a vessel, and returned to the Island. Tibbefs having kept the light burning rather to;)' Icng, to- night, some one called from the other side of the Fort, and ordered it to be put out. The voice was heard, but not un- derstood ; and, iu a few minutes. Adjutant Black c:uiie into the room, and repeated the order with considerable petulance and abruptness. Tibbets tried to explain ; but it was of no use, and the light soon disappeared. Were there any regu- larity about this rule, there would have been no trouble; but the sentinels, themselves, often have a candle burning in the hall — and we, sometimes, have lights in the rooms, until after ten o'clock. Monday, 1 6^/1.— My health, to-day, was much improved. Felt well enough to walk out ; and meeting with Col. Waring and ]\Ir. Bradford, had quite a pleasant interview with these gentlemen. Took a glass of lemonade with the Colonel in his own room. Spent a portion of the morning, also, in sewing, and in writing to my wife. Was drawn into a conversation, in No. 7, with Shanks, and others, on the subject of predestination. Gave my views in detail ; and, I believe, with some degree of satisfaction to these who had provoked the talk. Two " rebs " were drummed around, to-day, with barrels on their heads, b'lt could not learn their offence. 212 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Tuesday, 11th. — Quite an excitement all day, occasioned by the anticipated exodus of the entire body of surgeons — most of whom left this evening. Wrote to Richmond, by Dr. Haynie, and sent a couple of melainotypes to my dear son, and daughter. Regretted parting with these gentlemen — many of whom seem to have been interested in my preaching, and have treated me with great respect. Last Sabbath, they had ob- tained from Capt. Ahl special permission for servic;^, at their quarters ; but my sickness prevented. Several of them have promised to visit my daughter, in Richmond ; and have as- sured me of their purpose to see certain friends, with a view to giving them information of my present condition, and of my hopelessness of release without some special effort in my behalf at the South. Dr. Newell's last night was spent in the cells — having given Adjutant Black some severe words, on account of his orders about putting out the lights. Hearing that the sur- geons were to leave in the morning, Newell ran hastily into the room, to announce the fact to the company ; and, for a joke, told the party that they would be allowed to continue their lights, for an hour or two, to write to their friends. All went to work, immediately, with pen, ink, and paper ; but a ser- geant soon made his appearance, and flirted out the lights, with his own hands. Newell went down, either really or under pretence of appealing to the General, when he was ac- costed by Black, who ordered him to his room. Some alter- cation took place, hard words passed, and Newell was shut up in the sally-port for the night. Mr. Bradford was released this morning, on his parole of honor, to remain north of Philadelphia, until exchanged, or by some other arrangement unconditionally released. Learn- ing that my daughter was in Richmond, he very kindly made me a present of a sum of Confederate money, which he wished nic to send her by the surgeons. Fourteen prisoners of war were brought to the Fort, most DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 213 of them Gettysburg men. Among the number is a Maj. Ham- mond, of New Market, Md., who being under charges, was as- signed to quarters with the political prisoners. Two of the physicians, who went oflP this morning, were taken from their sick beds. They were both sufferers from ton- sillitis. Had some conversation with Dr. Robinson, and left him with earnest wishes for his restoration to health, and his spiritual well-being. After our separation, the Doctor sent me a fine copy of Shakspeare, as a present. Gave Dr. Shepherd, and Dr. McKown, some friendly advice, which they received kindly — the latter manifesting considerable emotion. I left the company, glad for them, but regretting to lose their society. Several of these gentlemen requested copies of my verses, " Is that the Old Flag ? " and were furnished accordingly. Dr. McKown, (dentist), of Smyrna, Del., was released to- day, after taking the oath of allegiance. Received a letter from Miss Lydia Jefferson — for which she has my thanks, as one of the few friends who have ventured a word of sympathy in my imprisonment. Wednesday, ISth. — Drs. Foster, Cleaver, Webb, and Raines did not get off yesterday, as expected ; but left early this morn- ing, for Baltimore, on their way to Kentucky. All these gen- tlemen, good and true Southern men, have, from very peculiar circumstances, been obliged to take the oath of allegiance to the U. S. Government. Strange to say, they did not know, until the evening before they left, that they would be allowed to do this ; and nothing but special and powerful influences could have secured their release, even in this way. They will, no doubt, be able to justify themselves with their friends at the South ; but I regret the strange necessity, and the evil that must result to the cause, from tiie precedent established by such men. With Foster, Cleaver and Webb I have become wey acquainted ; and have found them to be intelligent, hon- orable and worthy men, and none of the physicians have been 214 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR more faithful or sleared to enjoy tlie change. The effect, upon the whole, was decidedly good ; and for the sake, at least of those who prefer the liturgy, I shall, at proper intervals, repeat the attempt. Preached, in the morning, from Matt, xxiii. 33 — "Ye fools, ye generation of vipers, how shall ye escape the damnation of hell." The effect of the truth was evident. Unusual quiet prevailed throughout the day — no cards, no dice, no swearing,. Distributed a good lot of religious tracts, and newspapers, which occupied the attention of many, as they sat here and there, or reclined in their bunks. At night, expounded the words, "Him that cometh unto me,, Twill no ivlse cast out.'' Had excellent attention ; but several boys got to racing after service ; a clattering and confusion ensued, which continued until long after bed-time — and I fell asleep in the midst of it. Besides some Scripture readings this afternoon, enjoyed considerably a review of some portions of JHorwe's Introduction. Monday, SOth. — Was glad to hear one of our wild fellows say, that he hoped soon to be released, to go home and be a 15 226 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR better boy. He confesserl, that he had given his parents a great deal of trouble, in the past, and that his imprisonment had brought him to a sense of guilt. Thus it is, that God works. I trust these good impressions may not be as the morning cloud and the e irly dew. Cunningham, in great glee, rushed into our apartment, this morning, and announced the surrender of Chaileston, and the burning of the city. Of course, nobody believed the story, notwithstanding the fact that a telegram to the same effect had been received at head-quarters. The genius of the Yankee people is well understool by the prisoners ; and these mendacious tricks utterly fail of the intended effect. With no paper but the Inquirer ^ and with the varied means used on the Island for our discouragement, it is really surjjrising that so few are found giving way. Tiie hopelessness of ex- change is the most trying influence at work, just now. Were this obviated, tiie Yankee tales could not dispirit our en- during and determined boys, either at the barracks, or in the hospitals. Having but one stove in our large room, we have sufftr(d much, to-day, from cold. There are, still, no sashes in eitiier of the four windows, at the east end, and several large panes are wanting in the rear. Several of the men are in delicate health, and the exposure is likely to lay them up. Some of them are trying to keep off the chills of the night, by sus- jiending various articles of clothing about the sides of their bunks. Finding that De La Mar, one of the new-comers, has been quite a traveller, and that he has considerable powers of con- versation, I suggested the idea of some evening lectures, to which he immediately assented. The subject having been brought before the company, a unanimous vote was given, re- questing our fellow-prisoner to favor us with some account of his travels, and such otlier matters as he might be pleased to give us. Dr. Hitch, and Messrs. Shreve and Hammond DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 227 were appointed to wait on the gentleman, and make arrange- ments for the lectures. The first of the series was delivered immediately after worship, to-night; and we were both enter- tained and instructed, by a talk of about forty^five minutes, on Gibraltar^ the native place of the speaker. After the lecture, about one-fourth of the company, led by Messrs. Rasin and De La Mar, took the floor for a dance. Dr. Hitch supplied the music, with his bugle, and such shuf- fling and capering I have not seen, for many a day. Mr. Rasin — now about fifty-seven years of age — seemed to go back to tlie days of his youth, and moved off in the Virginia reel, and cut the " pigeon wing," greatly to the amusement and as- tonishment of every man in the house. After lights were out. Shanks, De La Mar, and others tried themselves at cross-questions, in history, until we were all tired out, and the hour for sleep arrived. VII. Decembbr. Tuesday^ \st. — ^We have had a very cold night, and this morning the moat and ponds are covered with ice. Some of our men sujBPered so much, that we could stand it no longer, and sent a petition to Capt. Ahl, signed by Mr. Rasin, Dr. Hitch, Mr. De La Mar and myself, requesting attention to the windows, and asking for an additional stove. We were soon pleased to see the carpenters at work, with their rules, and we hope the evil will be remedied. Capt. Ahl states, that he or- dered the repairs to be made some time ago ; but his direc- tions were not followed. To some of us it is astonishing, that 228 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR those in power should receive so little obedience from their subordinates ! A mock court was organized, this morning, by the appoint* raent of Mr. Rasin as Judge, Mr. Drummond as Clerk, and Mr. Shanks as Sheriff, A jury was then impanelled; and Isaac Nelson arraigned for disturbing the peace of his fellow- prisoners, by throwing apple-cores, coal, and other missiles about the room, thus endangering the eyes, and damaging the persons of sundry men. The case was prosecuted by De La Mar, and defended by Pearson. After a mi-nute and amusing examination of several witnesses, and an earnest argument, the accused was found "JVot Guiltij" aud discharged on the plea of "Insanity" This affair afforded considerable amusement, and served to while away an hour in a very innocent manner. Circulated numerous religious papers, furnished by the Sanitary Commission ; and supplied those wishing them, with Testaments and prayer-books, all of which were eagerly re- ceived. Several persons having associated themselves as a sort i^f choir, the music at worship was unusually good. After service, De La INIar g ive us a talk about the Barhary. States. Then .came the dance — a regular " breakdown ; " an agricultural discussion between Drummond, Shanks, Sykes, myself, and others ; lights out ; bunks ; chattering ; and sleep to those who could get it. Wednesday, 2d. — Capt. Ahl came up, and inspected the windows; assured us of his disposition to make things com- fortable ; said the sashes were being made ; and ordered Cun- ningham to bring up another stove. He, also, at my request, promised a large kettle for those who had to wash their own clothes. Met with Col. L , a Yankee prisoner, who has been put into the room with Col. "Waring. Pie is the same man who acted so mysteriously, aud gave us so much amusement. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 229 some months ago, upon his introduction to prison life. Found him a man of excellent mind, and fine education, but broken down from intemperance. Was highly pleased with his knowledge of the Scriptures, and his correct views on some theological points. The Colonel has been quite a traveller, and was for a time Consul in Greece. He is the author of the rhymes on Company Q, and some other pieces of interest, written since his imprisonment. Visited the new church building, which is to be a very pretty Gothic structure. The work proceeds slowly ; although a strong force seems employe;!, nine of whom are Confederate prisoners. The house will cost about $2,500, without the painting. A violin has found its way into the house ; and dancing is, now, likely to be the favorite evening amusement. It must not be understood, however, that any considerable number of the prisoners join in this sport. Some twelve or fifteen persons do all the skipping and jumping, leaving a large majority of the company as interested spectators of the same — Mr. Rasin's "pigeon-wings" being the chief source of attraction. De La Mar gave us a good lecture, to-night, on the ''Bull Fights of Spain." His descriptions were interesting, and more elaborate and instructive than we usually find in books. This recreation does not supersede our usual evening services — but succeeds them, before the company begins to disperse. After taps, we had a complete Bedlam — singing, talking, walking, with calls, cries and explosions, embracing every con- ceivable human sound, until late, when sleep subdued the raging tumult. We had scarcely settled down, when we were again aroused by the sound of horns, drums, and other musical instruments, first on the outside of the Fort, and then in the yard. Now and then, before the band entered the inclosure, we heard low huzzas, and very jubilant cheers for Gen. Grant; from which we concluded, that a telegram announcing the news of some 230 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR great vlctoiy must have been received ; but the sequel proved this to be an unfounded conjecture. Thursday, Zd. — Received letters from my wife and daughter G . Find that my old friend, Rev. G. W. Kennedy, has not forgotten me in my imprisonment, and that he has been writing to Baltimore and Washington in my behalf. Learn, also, that the Misses Roberts, and their mother, formerly my parishioners in Delaware, have been interesting themselves in behalf of myself and family. God be praised for these evi- dences of sympathy ! Truly he will not suffer us to lack any good thing. Messrs. Ball and Shreve have written to a lawyer, in Balti- more, engaging each, to give him $500 on condition of his securing their release. I have heard these, and others, who have been here for eight or ten months, express perfect willing- ness to lay down a thousand dollars, or more, if they could obtain their deliverance, even though they should be required to take the " hated oath." Many are completely worn out, discouraged and hopeless; while others seem well nigh crazed. Mr. Ball has been a prisoner nearly fourteen months. Lovett has been in confinement here, and at the South, for about twenty months ; others for four, five and six months ; and very few of us have any well-grounded hopes of a speedy de- liverance. Such is the feeling of utter hopelessness which pre- vails, that I doubt whether there are half-a-dozen men in the Fort, who would not gladly accept release, on what they now begin to regard as a very cheap condition — that very oath, which some time ago they would have disdained to think of, as a basis of liberty. But most of them have ceased to regard it as having any binding force. They excuse themselves in the compulsion and urgency of the circumstances; and can see no immorality in the act. Others, (but very few), would keep the oath inviolate, but with hearts unchanged towards the South — waitiug in prayer, and hope, for the success of the cause DTJEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 231 they believe to be ri^bt. Who is responsible for. all this evil? May God, in infinite goodness and mercy, open the blinded eyes of rulers and legislators, and put down the proud in- fidels, who sit upon their " tliroues of iniquity, devising mis- chief by a law." De L;i Mar entertained us, to-night, with some very good things about Malta. His statements were impromptu, and desultory, but quite interesting, and in some respects new and instructive. He privately excused himself for some " dull- ness," assuring me, that after the religious services, his mind became unfitted for the task, especially on account of remin- iscences of hom-', which were wont to loom up before him. The card-playing, to-day, seemed to be entirely suspended. Before going to bod, had a long talk with "Judge " Rasin" about mutual acquaintances. Friday, 4.th. — In walking around the Island, tliis morning, met with Gen. Schoepf, who turned out of his way to speak to me. We had a pleasant intei*vie\v, of ten or fifteen minutes' duration, in the course of which he inquired, particularly, for my health; asked where my family was staying; wished to know in what part of Portsmouth I lived; inquired for some acquaintances in Virginia; told me that his wife was from that State ; expressed a good deal of sympathy for me ; spoke of ray grey hairs ; and told me it was my own fault that I was still in prison — alluding, probably, to my repeated refusals to take the oath; and finally suggested, that I was in error in my position. To all the=e remarks, I returned appropriate answers; and finding the " old gentleman " in a fine humor, availed myself of the opportunity, to ask, that my wife might be allowed to visit me. " Wait," said he, "a few days, until Gen. Schenck goes out of office ; " nnd though he did not say, positively, that he would then permit her to see me, he evidently intended to 232 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR make the impression that he -would — assuring me, that he hud been ordered not to allow me to see her ; and remarking, that he was not disposed to act with such binding strictness. This little talk left me with a favorable impression of his humane f elings, and his incliimtion to be pleasant and courteous. An order from the Secretary has been promulgated, forbid- ding any further dealing, on the part of the prisoners, with the sutlers on the Island. One of the two establishments of this kind is to be closed, and, of course, no more purchases can bo made, except " on the sly." The sutlers are miserable extor- tioners, who have terribly imposed upon our poor Confederates ; but have contributed considerably, to the comfort of the men, in furnishing many necessaries, and which their money, so far as they have had it, could buy them. Why this change ? when in the recent statements concerning the treatment of pris- oners at the South, it is expressly stated that the privilege of making purchas' s is extended to all who are able to buy ! Col. Warin.!; and his Yankee friend are still roominsr to- gether, and enjoy great privileges, as prisoners. I sometimes find three or four members of Company Q stirring about them, hunting employment. The Colonel is not only waited upon, by numerous attendants, whom he doubtless pays well, but lie seems to be a pet with the officials, who seek his company, and are generally ready to go to the extent of their liberty in granting fivors, and vie with each other in introducing them- selves to his notice. All this can be readily accounted for, in the fact that he is a man of wealtli, high social position, and a gi ntleman of noble character; affable always, and never opposing himself to any ruls or regulations established by the authorities. We had no lecture, to-night, and, for a wonder, no dancing, or cards. Religious services as usual. Suturdai/f ^th. — The Dtlawareans were greatly cheered this morning, ly the appearance in the Fort-yard of Messrs. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 233 John A. Hazzard, William Hich, and Dr. Wm. E. Wolff, who came to the Island, last night, and were now seeking an interview with their friends in prison. The whole company of prisoners, and their friends, after a short audience with Gen. Schoepf, were presently housed together in the engineer's room, adjoining Col. Waring, where chey had a good talk; the five " politicals " subsequently returning to their quarters with strong hppes of speedy release. The report is, that Gen. Tyler is about to resign his position as Provost-Marshal of Dela- ware, and that he intends, before he leaves his office, to release the Delaware prisoner's — myself among the number. Had an interview with the visitors, in the course of my rounds ; and found them manifesting considerable interest in my case, assuring me of their intention to assist me to the ex- tent of their influence. " Drowning men catch at straws " — this may illustrate my own feelings, if not my conduct, in the day of my extremity. Held an interesting conversation with Col. L , on the subject of personal religion. Have seldom met with a person more familiar with Scripture histories, and especially with the narratives of the New Testament. The lives of Christ, and of His Apostles, in the minutest particulars, seem to be indel- ibly impressed upon his mind. It is really astonishing to find one whose habits little accord with Bible teachings, so well versed in these matters, and holding such correct views of morals. Were I able, I should be glad to recall, and record our conversation of to-da) . He acknowledged himself a sin- ner, but r.joiced in the belief that God knew his heart, and how anxious he was to conform to Plis will. He admitted the value and necessity of filth, insisted that he had it, and sometimes thought he had too much. Said he was not in the habit of formal and stated prayer ; but that he was constantly praying as he hud netd, and felt like it. Told me of his prayers as he walked upon the bank, and as he reclined upon his bed; and rejoiced, that in some things, God had heard his prayers. 234 . UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Was satisfied that he could not be lost. Hell was no place for him, as he loved God, and adored the Lord Jesus Christ. I tried to show this singular and remarkable man, what I conceived to be his errors; and as I endeavored to present the simple doctrine of the Cross, the tears rolled down his face, and he pressed my hand with great emotion. He spoke of forgiveness; referred to one in power who had injured him, (Secretary Stanton), and said that he really wanted to kill him, though he had the night before gone to bed with a quiet mind, and went to sleep in prayer. Strange man; grandson of the immortal Edwards ; master of numerous languages ; strong in argument ; of wonderful memory ; appreciative of God's Word; a believer, and yet an unbeliever ; a sot ; a man of deep feel- ing ; coarse; uncongenial; intellectual; jjrofane; low; mys- terious ; pitiable man ! He has. worried his room-mate. Col. Waring, almost to death; and arrangements are now being made to send him back to his old quarters with Co. Q. It is reported that prisoners will not, hereafter, be allowed to receive boxes except from their immediate families. Many will suffer by this embargo. Sent my wife a small box, made of pine, by my own hands. It contained three rings, as a little present for her, on the anniversary of our marriage. Sunday, Glh. — Eight years ago, this day, I married my present wife. During all this time we have never been separated on the anniversary of our wedding ; nor ever before for so long a time, as we have been compelled to be, by the pressure of this terrible revolution. It will soon be five months since we jiurted at Delaware City — I to be shut up as a prisoner for conscience' sake ; and she to wait until God shall send His angel of mercy to set the captive free. This would seem to be a hard lot; but who am I, that I should expect to hold an honest opinion, and to express it in opposition to a despotic and fanatical administration, and DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 235 suffer no ill ? What do I suffer more than did Bunyan, or Milton, or P(nn, and scores of others, whu, uncondemned, un- tried, were lucked up, as felons, and lanruished in cells and dungeons? Oh, how often, since my iniprisonment, have I thought of the ancient martyrs; of the primitive disciples j and of my blessed Master himself — and realized, as never be- fore, their situation, as "political prisoners^' like mys If Did they not say of Paul, " We have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition ; " and of Jesus himself, " We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Csesar." These charges were false, of course ; but, both Paul and his master, Jesus Christ, were continually pro- claiming such doctrines as expos: d the sins of rulers, as well as of private individuals. They were wise and prudent; but their principles and teachings revealed the iniquity of the gov- ernment under whiih they lived — hence they were called "pes- tilent fellows, that turned the nation upside down," and were condemned to suffer imprisonment and death, as political of- fenders. I compare not myself with the humblest sufferer, in those primitive days; nor with any whose honored namcji have come down to us from later times ; but am I not a sufferer for conscience' sake ? Am I not here, because I dared oppose the principles of those who would trample upon the rights of eight millions of people, and who would deceive the multitude into a slavery worse than that which they so ingloriously assume to aboli.-~h? The usual religious services were held, to-day, both morn- ing and night ; and I thought of, and prayed much for my wife and children. Ilonday, 1th. — Mr. Belt was arrested and brought before the court, this morning, for assault and battery, with intent to inflict serious wounds upon his fellow-prisoner, Wm. H. Grif^ fith, who, unfortunately happened to be standing near him, during a severe storming with apple-cores, which took place 236 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR yesterday evening, near one of the stoves, and which resulted in the wounding of" Cousin Campbell" in the eye — Griffith, however, being entirely innocent of the offence. Judge Rasin occupied tlie Bench ; De La Mar plead for the peace ; and Capt. Ball defended the prisoner. We had a rich scene, and an animated discussion. The jury deliberated upon the mat- ter, and brought in a verdict of "Guilfi/ ; " and the prisoner was sentenced to one hour's imprisonment in the privy, and to be put on bread and water for a whole day. He was immediately seized by our burly Sheriff (" Johnny Reb,") and without cere- mony or opposition, placed in close confinement. It was not long, however, before a general roAV ensued, and the prisoner was rescued by the mob. The affair was quite exciting, and constituted. a pleasant change in our usually monotonous life. Two Lieutenants — B. P. Merrill, of the 11th Texas Cav- alry, Co. K, and A . C. Reese, 29th Tennessee Infantry, Co. C, — were brought in from the barracks, this morning, to be sent to Johnson's Island. They are both " rough and ready " fellows, and have evidently seen much service Merrill has just re- covered from a severe attack of small-pox, and is terribly pit- ted. They both give dreadful accounts of hard treatment at the barracks, affirming that they have suffered much for food and blankets. They confirm all the statements, heretofore given, about the cruelty of " Old Hackout ;" the murder of Tony Matthews, of Texas, by a sentinel ; and the wanton bayoneting of several of the prisoners. After worship, De La !Mar gave us a good lecture, on Havana; embracing a full account of the tobacco trade, and the manufacture of that article, on the Island. Having been, himself, a tobacconist and heavy importer, he seemed to be perfectly familiar with the subject; and several of his state- ments were entirely new, and of great interest. Went to bed in the midst of incessant conversations — but not to sleep, until well nigh midnight. thp: mock court. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 237 Tuesday, Sth. — Received a box from Mrs. Rankin, of New Castle, containing various articles of clothing and food — for which she has my hearty thanks. This good lady, and her sister, Julia, have been great friends to the prisoners at Fort Delaware ; and their names will long be remembered by many a poor Confederate, who would have suffered without their aid. Wrote to Mrs. R., acknowledging the favor. Col. Lester got hold of my little jeu d'esprit on General Schoepf's changeable name, and was so much pleased with it, that he insisted I should let him have it for the General's pri- vate inspection. I objected, on the ground that ^' the old fel- low" might consign me to the cells — but he was so importunate, that I finally consented. A fc'l low-prisoner, who has 'been much abroad, suggested the propriety of my going to England, by-and-bye, to lecture on the war. It might be very pleasant to visit that interesting country; but it will be time enough, after my release, to con- sider the jjropriety of such a step. If I am ever restored to the embrace of my family, I shall probably have little incli- nation to go to England, or anywhere else, for many a day at least. We have had a very cold day; one of the stoves is much out of order ; and the four large windows in one end of the room are still open. Strange, that after Capt. Ahl's promises and a show of measurement, they should remain so long ne- glected. Had a letter from the Rev. B. 11. McCown, of Kentucky, in reply to one sent him, some time ago, at- the request of his son. Surgeon McCown, who recently left this place for Rich- mond. It was a pleasant letter, containing a sum of money, some postage stamps, and, more than all, bringing good words from himself, and the sympathy of my old fellow-student, Rev. W. W. Hill, D. D. Another lecture to-night, from He La Mar ; subject, Paris — its police regulations, singing girls, &c. Very good, consider- inpj its extempore character. 238 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Our singing this evening was unusually fine. Wednesday/, 19th. — It has been announced that, hereafter prisoners will not be allowed to receive boxes, except from their immediate relatives. The object of this is reputed to be the prevention of imposition upon sympathizers, who are written to by rogues, and speculators, in the barracks, whose only object is to get the clothing and eatables for purposes of gain. To my own knowledge, it is too true, that some base fellows have resorted to this plan of swindling, not only to the detriment of the benevolent, whose sympathies are aroused in behalf of imaginary suffering — but to the disadvantage of real sufferers, who are unable to help themselves ; or of others, who though they may have a little cash, can only use it at the sutler's, and for such things as he may chance to have. In this view, the prohibition just issued is well enough; but some are disposed to look at the matter in a different light, and can see only a spirit of retaliation for the reported mal- treatment of Yankee prisoners at Richmond. To condemn upon suspicion is wrong. AVe must wait to understand. In the meantime, many poor fellows will be disappointed and con- tinue to suffer need. Great depression prevails among the prisoners, on account of the delay in exchanges. Some seem to have given up almost to despair, and are willing to do, or pay anything to get out. The idea of liberty seems constantly on the mind. The men dream and talk of home, and sigh only for "home again." We have some with us who are, perhaps, quite as well contented here, as they would be anywhere else; and others, again, m ho are thought to be pleased with the safety of prison life, and are willing to stay until the war is over, to avoid danger, and perhaps, save their lives. But this feeling, if it exists at all, is very limited. AVith the great majority, the opening of the prison doors would be a source of rejoicing. I have but little to hope for, but will wait patiently upon the Lord. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 239 The windows at the east end of our room are still open, but we have, to-day, been favored with a new stove, which will, no doubt, greatly improve the temperature. We shall still suifer from chilly currents of air coming up from the river, during the sharp nights, which we anticipate this winter. After evening worship, De La Mar and Nelson gave us some Shak-pearean readings. TImrsday, lOtJi. — Spent most of the day within doors, occu- pying a portion of the time in writing to my s(m M . Major Rasin is manifesting a good deal of interest in the cases of several of our prisoners, who have been longest in con- finement ; and is suggesting plans for securing assistance and relief, which have been adopted by a number. Their wisdom the future will decide. President Lincoln's message was received to-day, and read aloud in the room. It is, of course, variously estimated ; but many, who are catching at every straw of hope, think they can discern in it the terms of speedy release. The accompanying oath, though in advance of anything before prescribed by the Federal executive, will be "swallowed," without remorse, for the sake of getting away from the Fort — a few, it may be, to obey its provisions by constraint ; and others, only as a means to an end, with mental reservations, to be violated, according to cir- cumstances. De La Mar lecture;!, to-night, on Constantinople. After taps, the usual noise commenced ; and, I am ashamed to record it, the conversations, which were continued until a late hour, were anything but decent — a few persons doing all the talking, much to the annoyance of most of the company. Friday, 11th. — A very cold morning; the moat and ponds frozen ov>r; and all who could raise a pair of skates and were allowed to use them, busy in the enjoyment of that healthy 240 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OF. nmusement. Tlie prisoners, of course, could only be distant spectators of the scene, as they peeped out from their grated windows. Major Thomas D. Armsey, Lieut. Davis, Sergeant H. H. Brogden, and Private Benj. R. Grymes, of the loth Virginia Cavalry, came in early this morning, as condemned prisoners, from Fort McHenry, sentenced to confinement at this place — Armsey and Davis to fifteen years' hard 'labor, and Brogden and Grymes for the ■\var. We were all deliiihted to see Bros:- den, who has been a great sufferer from hard treatment, since he left us some months ago, and is so much altered in appear- ance that I could only recognize him by his eyes and voice. Others were assured only upon his own testimony, and were distressed to look at him. He has been in close confinement, and is just convalescent from a severe attack of scurvy, which completely covered him with sores. He seems cheerful, how- ever, and glad to get back. Brogden gives us an interesting account of Capt. Gordon, who was condemned to be shot as a spy, on the 20th of Novem- ber. The noble f 'How thanked the court that it had awarded him the death of the soldier, and not of a felon. He has not yet been execuled, and I presume never will be ; but, in con- fident expectation of the event, he devoted himself to prepara- tion for death, aud has given evidence of a genuine cliange of heart. How true it is, that tribulations are often a blessing to the soul. Major Armsey h.is received his cruel sentence, on a charge of recruiting for the Confederate service, within the Yankee lines ; and Brogden and Grymes are to stay here, for the war, for coming into the lines without permission— the former, to see a father die; and the other to visit his wife in Baltimore. The lecture to-night was omitted; but the usual religious services were held — after which animated conversations occu- pied our attention, and were continued until long after " taps." DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 241 Saturday, 12th. — Mr. Way baptized a sick man at the hos- pital this morning — application having been made, first, to Mr. Paddock, who for some unknown reason declined. Enjoyed an interview M'ilh Chaplain Paddock, in his room, where he showed me some interesting letters from persons in different sections of the country, inquiring concerning the health and comfort of prisoners, and sending, or proposing to send articles of food and clothing, as they may be needed. Among these were several touching letters from a Miss Martha Custis Williams, now in Philadelphia, but supposed to be a refugee from the South. The more I see of Mr. Paddock, the more I admire his evident piety, and real sympathy for the suffering prisoners among whom he labors. I find, by the official report, that there are now one hundred and fifty cases of small-pox on the Island ; and that there are six hundred and three persons sick with various diseases in the hospitals. It would seem, however, that there have been no deaths for several days — or, rather, there have been no burials. The men are, certainly, all looking much better. Indeed, the change in the appearance of the prisoners is remarkable. Rest is righting them again. Had the pleasure of a piece of nice mince pie, the first I have tasted this season. It was sent to Mr. Paddock by Miss Lydia Jefferson, with the request that I be allowed to share it. No lecture ; the usual worship ; great confusion, after night. Sunday, 13th. — We have had a warm, disagreeable night; and this morning it was very windy. Slept little, and was disturbed with ui^ly dreams. During the day the tide rose rapidly ; and great excitement prevailed in anticipation of an inundation of the Island. The " Reb^ " were ordered out, and all hands were set to work moving wood, and everything else liable to be swept off by the flood. Great numbers of rats were washed out from the wharves, and from about the piles of lum- 16 242 UNITED STATES BONDS : OR ber, which gave great amusement to hundreds of sportsmen, who hunted the gime with zest, under the direction of the Provost- Mar.-hal. Towards night the tide receded ; and thougli the banks were overflowed, in some places, even back to the outer moat, the water caused no material damage, and all fear is now at an end. Prcac-hcd, in the morning, from Rom. viii. 16 : "TAc Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of God." Was twice interrupted by calls to dinner, by an impu- dent fellow who, evidently, designed to disturb us. I stopped preaching, after the first call, and announced to the audience that it was only half-past eleven o'clock ; and asked whether it was their will that I should continue the service, or dismiss immediately. The whole company seemed anxious that I should go on ; and I did so, rfgxrdless of the wicked intruder. These Sabbath interruptions are of frequent occur- rence ; and are the more unpleasant as the call is made long before the proper dinner hour. After sermon, I circulated a fill supply of religious papers, which were received and read with avidity. The influence of the sermon and religious reading was most pleasantly apparent. Great quiet prevailed, all day ; and the Sabbath was as well observed as could possibly have been expected from so large a collection of men, under such disadvantageous circumstances. Again used the Episcopal service, with selections from the Psalter, in which the congregation took part, and responded with animation and interest. The effect was good — better, perhaps, than it Avould be if too frequently repeated. At night, gave my j^lace to De La Mar, who interested us exceedingly with his observations on the Mahomedan Religion^ as he had noticed it in various foreign countries. After the lecture, the restraint of the day seemed to be re- moved; and a sjene of noise and confusion followed, very in- appropriate to the closing hours cf the Sabbath. The -talking DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 243 continued until nearly one o'clock, with jesting, cross questions, Scripture puzzles, and all sorts of incongruities, to my utter annoyance and disgust. Monday, \ith. — It is hard to realize, that I am this day forty-eight years of age; but it is even so, and the fact that I am within but two years of half a century, really astounds me. Through much of my life I have labored Under the embarrass- ment of being considered younger than my years would indi- cate. It has not been so with me since I have been a prisoner. Now, the impression seams to be that I have gone heyonA fifty ; and I frequently hear myself spoken of as an old man, and re- ceive all due reverence and respect on this account. Care, trial and suffering have changed my habits and altered my appear- ance, and I feel sure I must hereafter consent to be — what I suppose I look to be, — an old man. Met with on the bridge, near wharf No. 3, and had a full and pleasant private conversation with him, on the subject of tem- perance, and the ruin he is bringing upon himself by his habit of inordinate drinking. He admitted all ; seemed to feel the force of my appeal, and before I left him, he gave me a solemn pledge that he would never drink any more. May God give him strength to keep his resolution ! How deeply do I feel for this young man, whose good address, and excellent mind and attainments are sufficient to fit him for any ordinary post of honor ; but he is a drunkard and a wreck, and without a change of habits, is a ruined man. Poor completely broke down, this morning, under the pressure of trial and excitement. His history is wild and strange. He is the most impulsive, mercurial and Inconsiderate man I ever knew, to have had so much opportunity to see the world, and to modify his emotions. He has a secret which, with imprisonment and disappointment in business, is preying 244 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR terribly on his spirits ; and whilst lying sick, with a sore throat and other ailments, he could endure no longer, and crie^l like a child, making no effort to conceal it. Approaching his bed- side, I tried to reason with him, and j^resented the consolations of the Gospel. He is not a professor of religion, and has " snatched up " some irregular views of religious truth ; but he is an earnest believer, in the external sense; reads his prayers regularly and with emotion ; and his state of mind was, just now, such as enabled him to drink in the words of Gospel comfort. The effect was prompt, and ho thanked me cordially ; whilst I, in turn, thanked God, that He had thus given me an opportunity, in prison, to do the work of a good Samaritan. Concluded, to-day, to write to the Secretary of War, at Washington, asking a release from my cruel and unwarrantable imprisonment; and to forward the letter to Capt. James M. Gilliss, of the Naval Observatory, asking the favor of him, as a relative, to present the application in person. I am the more encouraged to do this, in consequence of a conversation, be- tween Col. Waring and Gen. Schoepf, in which the General affirmed his willingness to approve and send on the letter, if written in a moderate and appropriate manner. Of course, I should be indisposed to write the letter in any other form, as a contrary course would wholly defeat the object. But I Avish to make a fair and honest statement ; to do nothing deceitfully ; to compromise no principle ; and yet to remember my position as a prisoner, and a minister of Jesus Christ. Had letters from our released fellow-prisoner and room- mate, John Atwood, and from one of my chihlren. Atwood is merry at the idea of being once more a free man ; and writes, very humorously, at the expense of those who have not yet been so fortunate as himself. Finished a handsome little deal -box, intended as a Christ- mas present for my daughter Gertrude. Taesdaij, 15th. — Was awakened in the night, by the groans DTJKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 245 and prayers of some one in distress. Thought, at first, it was Alkire, whose health has been so much impaired, that we have hud fears for the result. It proved to bs old Mr. S , who had been dreaming of home, and his wife and children. I could hear him, distinctly, praying for his "poor wife; " and as soon as I could distinguish the source from which the sound proceeded, I hastened to his bunk, and endeavored to comfort him, with such suggestions as a Christian minister should offer to a suffering fellow-prisoner. The moment I spoke, he burst out in loud exclamations, and wept bitterly. Becoming some- what composed, he said he had been dreaming that his house, in Virginia, was surrounded by negroes, and with his wife, and five older children, had been burned up ; and that the five younger ones were running about the yard, bare-footed, and clapping their hands in an agony of distress. The poor man seemed to have such a vivid impression of the horrible scene, that it was difficult to persuade him it was only a dream. Throughout the day, the dreadful impression continued, much to his disquiet and unhappiness of mind. Brogden, and Grymes were released from the guard-house, and remanded to our room among the political prisoners. Since they left us, a few days ago, they have suffered great indignities and privations. It was not enough to put them among deserters and felons ; but they were actually shut up with the very lowest of this class, and such as were under special punishment for misdemeanors and crimes. They were also deprived of their baggage ; not allowed a change of cloth- ing ; nor could Brogden, who is suffering with scurvy, even be allowed the use of his towels, and tooth-brush. This strange imprisonment was ordered by Capt. Ahl, without any authority from the Government at Washington, or by any special order from the Commandant. By what mistake, or misunderstand- ing, this officer could have deviated from his rejauted kindly treatment of prisoners, I know not. As soon as the matter was understood by Gen. Schoepf, he gave orders to place them 246 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR with the political prisoners; and directed that they should be allowed the same privileges as ourselves. Saw Major Armsey at work with a detail from Co. Q, roll- ing barrels, under the overseership of a Yankee sergeant — a gross indignity to a brave Confederate officer, and an insult which I am satisfied the Government at Richmond will not readily tolerate. Wrote to Secretary Stanton,' enclosing the letter in another to Capt. Gilliss, and placed the two in the hands of Colonel Waring, for Gen. Schoepf 's inspection — the Commandant hav- ing promised a friendly interview with the Colonel, in the course of a few days. Four dead bodies sent to Jersey to-day. Five new cases of small-pox from the barracks. Wednesday, 16th. — Great anxiety prevails among the po- litical prisoners, to know the meaning of President Lincoln's amnesty proclamation — especially to whom the offer of pardon is extended. If it embraces prisoners now in confinement at the several forts, there will be found many ready, at any mo- ment, to avail themselves of its provisions. Some twelve or fifteen of our number determined, this morning, to write to President Lincoln, himself, upon the subject; offering, if in- tended for them as well as others, to take the oath annexed to the proclamation. Several attempts were made to get up the right sort of paper without success, when, simply to relieve the difficulty, and after an explicit statement of my own want of sympathy with the movement, I wrote off the following, which was unanimously adopted, and signed by all the interested parties : Fort Delaware, Dec. 16th, 1863. To his Excellency A. Lincoln, President of the United States : The undersigned, political prisoners at Fort Delaware, be- ing desirous of availing themselves of the benevolent design ISee Appendix D. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 247 of your late proclamation, would respectfully request that they may be allowed to t:ike the propo-ed oath ; and that they may be permitted, as soon as agreeable to your will, to enjoy its provisions. Hoping that the order for our release, on the terms pro- posed, may not be unnecessarily delayed, we subscribe our- selves your humble petitioners, &c., &c. The paper was immediately folded, and sent to Gen. Schoepf for appproval. Lieut. McConnell informs Brogden, that Gen. Schoepf was very angry some time ago, when I declined taking the oath ; and that after he returned to the office he walked the floor hastily, repeating — " Dr. Handy says he won't take the oath ; he'll lie in jail and rot first. I'll make him take the oath. He shall lie in jail and rot, then ! " I don't know how much of this may be true, but one thing is certain — up to this time, I have received no special unkind- ness or indignity from the General ; and if he had, at first, any disposition to impose unusual severities, he has not carried out his purpose. Indeed, I am inclined to believe the story, just narrated, to be one of the Island rumors — for I have heard from another source, quite as reliable, that the General had said, he had " a higher opinion of me after the occurrence, than before." Visited the Chaplains, at their rooms, and had a long talk with each of them. Chaplain Way thinks it would be better for me were I at some other prison, as I am now too near those who have some personal prejudice against me. It is his opinion, that my wife's positive and unbending manner is operating to my disadvantage. Mr. Paddock says, that my remark about taking the oath is well known on the Island; and that it has been unfavorable to my prospects. That remark, I may here state, was not uttered in stubbornness, nor with insolence. It was mildly spoken ; but with firmness, and with a deep con- viction of rectitude. I cannot, now, take an oath of allegiance to the United States Government : 248 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 1st. Because I am not a citizen of the United States ; and have no desire or expectation of being such, under (he present tyrannical and unconstitutional administration of the Govern- ment. My allegiance is due, first of all, to the Commonwealth of Virginia — where I have my home, where are all my inter- ests, and all my prospects for future usefulness, so far as the jiresent can decide. The Scriptures require that all due loyalty and obedience should be rendered the "powers that be." The powers that be, in Virginia, are not the powers of the United States Government; and to swear allegiance to a foreign power would be to disobey the voice of inspiration, and to perjure my own conscience. 2d. The State of Virginia is one of the Confederate States of the South — a Confederacy really and truly established by a necessary revolution, but still struggling with a rich and pow- erful foe, which seeks to subjugate its entire population ; and if needs be, to exterminate the whole Southern race, to build up Northern cities, and to fill the pockets of Northern men. While this is done, under the plea of philanthroj^y and the emancipation of a servile people, thousands by invasion and warfare are swej^t from the face of the earth, and rendered abundantly more wretched and degraded by the woes thus brought upon them. In swearing allegiance to the United States Government, I approve all this wickedness, as I con- ceive it to be ; and as far as my influence as a man, and as a minister, is concerned, I weaken the cause I love, and injure the prospects of the Government to which, in heart, I am loyal. 3d. Inasmuch as my home is at the South, as my church is tliere, and all my hopes of future usefulness as a minister of Jesus Christ are there, — it would be suicidal, to every prospect of good that God has given me in this world, were I to sAvear allegiance to a Government that gives no protection to my people ; and whose principles and policy are utterly opposed to the Southern mind. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 249 4tli. I regard the oath, under ordinary circumstances, as of the most solemn import ; and believe that it should never be taken with indifference, with mental reservation, or without a heart in the thin? sworn to be done. Under these circum- stances, it would be taking the name of God in vain — a sin of the most heinous character. 5th. Swearing men, against their consciences, is to suppress the very best emotions of the human heart ; and, thus, by a mere brute force, every good principle may be crushed out; and the lawless and violent, with a semblance of religion in so holy a thing, may establish the most iniquitous rule, and eventually banish all good from the land. 6tli. I regard it as iniquitous to reduce men to extremities, and then to apply the oath ; especially, when it is evident, that if left to themselves, they would not take it. A course which presents no true test, whilst it degrades, and renders nugatory that which God has designed as the last appeal to conscience and the '' end of all strife." May God save me from error in this grave and momentous matter ! Col. Lester left, to-day, for Harper's Ferry, where his case is to be investigated, and, as he hopes, a sentence of release awarded. I learn, from the clerks in Capt. Ahl's office, (Grady and Gibson) that the number of deaths among the Confederate prisoners, since the 16th of April last, is just One thousand, two hundred and forty two ! — a number much less than I had supposed, but, nevertheless, fearfully large. 250 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR VIII. 1864. January. Friday, 2^th. — I am still sick ; but have not been i^holly confined to bed. The Doctor has ijrescribed quinine, and I hope to be better to-morrow. Keceived another letter from my benevolent friend, the Hcv. Dr. McCown, of Kentucky. He informs me that, assisted by the Rev. Dr. Hill, Mrs. Escott, of Louisville, and the boys of his school, he has procured me a valuable suit of clothes. May God supply all their need, according to His riches in glory, by Jesus Christ! De La Mar's wife came to the Island, to-day, and has taken quarters at the hotel Gen. Schoe[)f exhibits great kindness in recent indulgences granted the prisoners. The whitewashers have been at work all day, preparing for the expected Commission to examine into the cases of political prisoners at this post. Whenever official strangers are ex- pected, there is a great stir, and of course the inspectors see everyihing in the best plight. Brogden received a fine box from Baltimore. All hands, of course, flocked around to see what it contained. Being a member of the same mess, I shall have my share of the good things. I find, by the way, that all who sit at our table are Marylanders, save Tibbetts : — Col. Waring, Gibson, Brogden, Shreve, and myself born in Washington, which was once a part of tiiat State. It is amu-ing to notice what small matters will interest the most sensible men, when shut up in prison. We had an illus- tration of this to-day. One of our most intelligent young men took considerable time and pains to make a " limber-jack," and suspending it by a string, amused himself, for a long time, in DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 251 causing It to dance ; and anolher was sufficiently interested to make a dress for the thing, much to the satisfaction of himself and others. We had a solemn religious service to-night. Spoke some twenty minutes, or more; and had the undivided and serious attention of all present. After prayers, only four persons seemed to think of cards. The other tables were imme liately surroundtd with persons engaged in reading and writing. Thanks be to God, for the influence of the Gospel ! Saturday y 30th. — A bleak day. Still unwell ; headache ; in bed nearly all day. The noise, last night, after taps, was almost intolerable. It seemed as if every foul spirit had been kt loose. Col. Waring, who generally retires at an early hour, trie:l to sit the noisy ones out, and affected to be able to stand it; but had to "cave in," and went to bed — but not to sleep. This morning, by way of retaliation, some who were not engaged in thi^ confusion^ were up before light, beating a frying-pan, trumpeting, crowing, whistling, cackling, talking, quarreling, and making every other noise of which they were capable. The row con- tinued until after breakfast, and nearly caused more than one fight. Horrible as is all this tumult, I could adapt myself to it, in a measure, were it not for the disgraceful swearing and obscenity. We have one or two men in the room, whose foul and abominable words constantly impress me with the idea cf the bottomless pit. What a place is this, for a Chris- tian minister ! I thank God, that, in the midst of it all, I can preach and pray, as often as I please ! Water has, now, been let into the moat, which has long been exposed, and has sometimes been offensive beyond endurance. A malarious fover, very much like that of the low countries in the fall of the year, has been prevailing. Dr. Stone thinks my own sickness may ba attributed, in part, to this cause. I learn that the hospitals are still crowded with patients and much of the sickness is of the intermittent type. 252 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, Numerous friends are exerting themselves to obtain my release. Judge Houston has ^yritten to Washington; Ex- Gov. Causey, and Dr. David Stewart to Gen. Lockwood; friends in New Castle and Sussex counties, Del., and in "Worcester county, Md., are circulating petitions ; my es- liraable friend, John N. Handy, of Portsmouth, New Hamp- shire, has written to Maj.-Gen. Butler; and Col. Purnell is active, I believe, in Baltimore. The result is yet to be seen ; but why should so much effort be necessary to obtain the release of a minister of the Gospel, after a cruel imprison- ment of over six months, which he has suffered simply because he cannot think as others do, and is honest enough to say so ? Another solemn service to-night, and quiet up to this hour, (eight o'clock) before " taps." Sunday f 31si. — The quiet continued, after taps, last night ; and everybody seeming to put on their best behavior, we had an interesting change in our prison life, in the way of a good sound sleep until morning. TheSa'obiith, too, opened without noise, and it really wore an aspect befitting the day. Antici- pating an inspection of the room by Capt. Ahl, and appre- hending other interruptions, thouglit best to postpone the preaching until after dinner. Circulated the religious papers, and had the pleasure of seeing all hands engaged in attentive reading. After dinner, preached from Song of Solomon, iii. 16 — "Awahe, North wind, and come thou Soidh ; blow upon my garden that spices thereof may jlow out^ The company were interested, I think, and came together again at night, after a comparatively quiet day, to hear some remarks on the import- ance of being rirjht as to the basis of hope for eternity. No noise until taps, when several of our restless ones began to un- bend ; and we had more confusion than became the last hours of the Sabbath. Lieut. Russell was removed to the barracks — a movement DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 253 which has caused considerable surmise. Some say it has been discovered that he is not an ofncer ; others affirm that the prisoners, at the barracks, are shortly to be removed to Point Lookout, and that the officers at Johnson's Island are to be brought to this place. This last — perhaps both — may be true, as a reinforcement of soldiers came last evening, and an iron- clad is anchored between the Fort and Delaware City. A number of strange officers are here, and have been re- galed, at intervals during the day, with music. IX. Febeuahy. Monday ) Ist. — An exceedingly disagreeable and rainy day. The Island is literally a bank of mud. The bad weather, poor health, and the padlock on the outside of our door, have made me more of a prisoner, during tl;e last week or ten days, than I have felt myself to ba at any time before, since I have been at the Fort. I am now the only political prisoner having a parole ; but for the reasons mentioned, it is of little use to me. AYere my heahh good, and the weather fair, it would be unpleasant to be constantly calling the s;'rgeant to unlock the door. I prefer to suffer, rather than encounter the sour looks and hard Avords of a captious understrapper, and perhaps run the risk of losing my parole. Had the good fortune to receive three copies of the New York Daily News, forwarded by a friend who is engaged upon that journal. Also, received a letter from Mrs. A. W. Emlcy, of Philadelphia, proposing to send me a package of bouks for 254 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE distribution, and some provisions for my own use. It will give me pleasure to receive the donation; and the books will be particularly welcome, as we are sadly in want of read- ing matter. Some of our company have amused themselves with gym- nastics, this evening. Several good feats were performed upon a rope suspended, by Pearson, from the iron girders in the ceil- ing. Similar exercise would be of advantage to every member of our company. Regretted to observe several persons at cards, in the west end of the room, during religious service; others I think were playing back-gammon, behind the bunks. Truly, madness is in the sinner's heart I Tuesday, 2(1. — The bad weather continues. Confined to the room all day, and felt quite unwell. Read, lounged, and walked, at intervals. A letter from my wife informs me, that she has had a com- munication from Gen. Lockwood, corroborating the statement of Gen. Schoepf, in regard to the appointment of a Commission to examine into the cases of political prisoners. Ho says, that nothing can be done for me, until that time; when he thinks I will be released. I hope so, but will not suffer myself to be unduly expectant. Have fit sad and worried, all day. Find that I am losing my natural buoyancy, and social disposition. Take little in- terest in what occurs around me. Feel deeply the cruelty of my imprisonment. Anxious about my family. Suffer much from obscenities and blasphemies, that constantly greet my ear. Distressed that my sermons, lectures, and other religious ser- vices, have had so little power in converting souls. My health gives way fast; and I sometimes fear that I shall not be able to stand it much longer. We have several professed infidels in the room. They are not ashamed to avow their unbelief; and though incapable of DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 255 much argument, they oppose the truth, and glory in their sliame. Had an animated talk with one of them, this evening, after taps. Spoke very plainly to him; repelled his slurs; and warned him of his own great danger. Statements and arguments were elicited, which the usual services could not bring out. Many stood around ; and I trust that God will turn the conversation to good account My dej)ressed and moody condition, for some days past, has had a bad influence, I fear, upon the interests of religion in our room. Far be it from me to suggest to any mind, by such an example, that religion is a gloomy thing. But I am sick, and anxious about my helpless and dependent family. The future is dark. I live in the midst of noise and confusion, and I seem, verily, to be in a sort of hell upon earth. My Heavenly Father is leading me by a way I know not. Thy will, O God, be done ! Wednesday, 3c?. — The room has been very gay to-day ; romping, chattering, card-playing, and similar amusements have been the chief occupations of many. Still housed up with bad weather. Our door continues to be locked. Very little communication with the outer world. A letter to the Commandant from my brother-in-law, J. B. Dil worth, announcing liis intention to send me regularly the Daily News, with a dujilicate copy for Gen. Schcepf. The letter was endorsed by the General, directing me to reply to it, which I suppose indicates his assent to the arrangement. Read the Southern news aloud. All greatly cheered by the tone of the Congressional resolutions — especially by the interest and sympathy cxpressea for Confederate prisoners. Pleasant services at worship, both last night and to-night. Cards and back-gammon until after taps. Thursday, 4th. — The five windows in the rear of our room have, at last, been fitted with sash and glass. A flood 256 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR of light now beams in upon us, which is cheering indeed. The view is not so good as in our old quarters, but we have so long been shut out from any comforting sight, except as we could get it by peeping through the cracks, or going into "the sinks" to look over them, with a dreadful stench in our noses, or an unpleasant wind or mist in our faces, that we now feel com- paratively comfortable. A number of panes are s ill wanting, but we hope they will be supplied after a while. The suit of clothes, forwarded by the Hev. Dr. McCown, came safely to hand to-day. But I am disappointed. The Dutchman, who took my measure, has given me a fit for a Falstaff. Great as is my need — not being able to wear the clothes — I shall be obliged to sell or exchange them; but the gratitude to my worthy and benevolent friend is still the same. Another letter, which my wife ought to have received sev- eral days ago, has not yet reached her. Delays of this sort are entirely too frequent, and often letters do not reach their destination at all. Messrs. Razin, De la Mar, and others com- plain much of similar interruptions in their correspondence. Messrs. Richardson and Joyce, late editors of t!ie Baltimore Republicanj came into our apartment, as prisoners, this after- noon. They are under sentence of banishment; have been south; visited Nassau; spent three months in Nev/ York ; were paroled fv-r ten days in Baltimore, and in five days after the parole was granted they were ordered to Fort Delaware. At worship, to-ni2;ht, spoke on the blessing and privilege of prayer. Some noisy ones at the farther end of tlie room; but an attentive company about the stove, and near the table. Friday, 5th. — The noise after reveille, this morning, was in- tolerable. It is astonishing, how fitful are the strange com- motions, after a few days of comparative quiet; like tlie gush- ing forth of pent-up waters, the tumult rises, swell^^, end fin- ally rushes forth, carrying everything before it. This is not confined to the 3'oungr^r and more restive members of our com- DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 257 pany, but the aged lose their dignity ; the usually cautious seem, for a time, to forget themselves, and every man appears to be possessed of the contagious spirit of disorder. Expected my wife, and went to the boat lo meet her. She did not come, and I felt much disappointed. Was informed by a workman from Delaware city, that my son would be over in the mail boat. Watched for him, and was again disap- pointed. Spent a good portion of the day in perambulating the island ; visited Chaj>lain Paddock, and foiaid h'.m quite sick from the effects of a recent hemorrhage. The gambling propensiti s are on the increase. Three or four tables are, sometimes, all going at once. Keno has been introduced to-day for the first time, and has created preat in- terest. Some former professors of religion frequent tlie tables; others who read their prayer-books, every day, take part with zest; and one or more whom I have heretofore had reason to believe were real Christians, often sit near by, and watch the games. How woak is man when left to himself! Spoke to-night on the Law of Influences, and illustrated the power which men have over each other for good or for evil. Cautioned my fellow-prisoners, and warned them against the danger of leading others astray, or being themselves in-- jured by present associations. Suffering, still, with severe cough and cold. Major Hammond is in the same plight; and others are more or less unwell witli rheumatism, or predisposition to intermittent and bilious complaints. Saturday, Qth. — The morning was without noise or confu- sion, and nearly all the company were asleep when the call was made for breakfast. This may be attributed to two causes : — the surf.it which some had on yesterday morning, and the fact that six or eight of our most noisy ones spent nearly the whole night at Keno. Such is prison life ! My cough has been so troublesome, thut I have notven- 17 258 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR turcd out of the room to-day. Have no recollection of ever having a worse cough in my life. Feel very anxious about it, but hope for the best. Neglected to mention, in yesterday's record, the receipt of another letter, hy flag of truce, from ray daughter in Iliclmiond. God has been kind in thus permitting me to hear from my dear childrc n, since I have been a prisoner. I have be; n par- ticularly anxious about the support and comfort of those in the South. Expounded portions of the 4th and 5th chapters of 1st Thessaloniaris, and Iried to make some practical suggestions in view of the second advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. A re- spectful and apparently serious attention, but immediately after worship, the keno-table was rerfuracd. f^unday, 7th. — Capt, Ahl vi-ited the room this morning, for inspection. Expecting this and other interruptions — such as have occurred a number of Sabbaths in succession — tliought it best to defer the services until af;er dinner. At about two o'clock, addressed a smaller company tlxan usual, from the words, " Ye cannot drink t)f the cup of the Lord and the cup of devils/' &c. Tliis is one of the few sermons, since my im- prisonment, addressed particularly to professors of religion. My object was to reach several backsliders whom I have re- ■cei}t]y discovered, and some two or three who yet openly pro- fess the name of Christ, but walk very inconsistently. My evening sermon was based upon those wor^ls of Paul, "Playing always with all prayer." A better congregation and closer attention than in the morning. One who in tlu fore- part of the day sat just at my side snoring loudly, was now wide awake, and was evidently impressed. Another — one of our m(!st intelligent men — remarked that he felt more inter- ested in the discourse than in anything he had before heard me DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 259 preach. It is pleasant to note the slightest indication of good. Much has been said during the past six months; but, oh, how little has been accomplished! But the seed is sown, and will no doubt spring up after many days. We have not had as quiet a Sabbath for several weeks, as we have enjoyed (o-day. In the course of the afttrnoon there was a sudden relaxation, and f-ome of the young men gave way to a noisy romp. After taps a buzz commenced, and, in the midst of a loud and general discussion of some political subject, I fell asleep. Ilonday, 8th. — Had the pleasure of another visit from my wife, who came over, alone, in the Qsceola, at about nine o'clock. The door being locked, I had to wait some time for the turn- key, and consequently faih d to meet her on the wharf. Has- tened down, however, and found her at the hotel. She left it about four o'clock in the mail boat — the wind blowing and the waves dashing furiously. Watched the struggles of the boat, until she had nearly reached the other side, and returned to my room, committing my dear wife to the kind keeping of the Almighty. Saw Gen. Lockwood's letter to Col. Purnell, confirming the statement in regard to the coming of a Commission, to ex- amine into the cases of political prisoners. It may be looked for- about the middle of this week. Whether it will be for my relief, I know not; but I really dread it, as I cannot renounce my principles, or act the hypocrite. I presume they will find that I have uttered "intensely disloyal sentiments," according to the statement of a Washington official, as reported in a letter lately received from a friend. The privacy of the conver- sation, and the non-intention to make mischief . (which must appear in the examination) may afford some palliation. In God I trust. The gambling, to-night, like to have resulted in a serious fight. C and L were the parties. The latter drew 260 • UNITED STATES BONDS; OR a knife, and the consequences might have been deplorable, but for the intervention of the surrounding company. Swearing, drinking, broils, murder, all follow in the train of the miser- able vice of gambling. A fine new flag, broad and showy, now floats on the parapet, the old one having b^en completely torn to pieces by the late winds. Several of our number are still complaining of ill health. Last night Robert Lloyd was very ill ; "Jimmy E,eb" is yet in a bad condition. Col. Warino- was more "under the weather" than he has been since he came to the island. Capt. Miles, Mills, Nelson and others, have been obliged to consult the doctor. Brogden is better, but his constitution is broken. Although the moat is full of water, the stench is bad, and may con- tribute to increase disease. Tuesday, 9th. — We have- had a day of confusion and excite- ment. Expecting from some report, that our quarters were about to be changed, all hands were on the look-out, at an early hour. At about nine o'clock, Cunningham came in and an- nounced the expected change; and also ordered us to be ready, in mess' s of six, to make the move. In a few moments every- body was engaged in packing. Beds, trunks, crockery, books, and et-ceteras of cveiy description were tumbled, helter skelter^ out of their usual places — each min watching his own property- Most of us had on our hats and overcoats, and stood waiting for the opening of the door ; until after three or four hours of delay, our suspense was relieved by pompous and formal, calls, at intervals of fifteen minutes for each mess, which were assigned, according to the will of our factotum, to the several rooms in our old quarters. It was my good fortune to get back into No. 6, where I spent so many jjainfiil hours during the summer and fall. Our mess consists of CI. Waring, Brogden, Hichardson, Shrove, Gibson, Tibbetts, and myself. After reaching the quarters, a most uninviting prosp'ct DUKESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 261 greeted us. The white-washers were still at work. The walls were exceedingly damp, and the floors were bespattered with lime. It required an hour or two to get things righted up. As soon as this was accomplished, I fell into bed — my head almost breaking with pain. Had been suffering all day with a violent neuralgia, aggravated by excitement suspensCj and the labor of removing my clothes and bedding. Wednesday, 10th. — Have been suffering, all day, with some- thing like what used to be called in the West, break-bone fever. All my limbs aching. Indisposition to get about. On the bed, at intervals, until seven o'clock, when we had a short evening service in the hall, whore we had a cold and uninvit- ing prospect. A notice appears in the Baltimore American, said to have been copied from the National Intelligencer, announcing the "pardon" of Col. Waring by President Lincoln, on the appli- cation of sundry distinguished citizens of Maryland, chiefly members of the Legislature. The Colonel has been drooping, very much, during the past ten days. His health has failed considerably, and his spirits have been flagging. He has the sincere good wishes of all the prisoners ; and though he has had no formal intimation of his release, he has had the hearty congratulations of all around him. Drummond has received a letter from his wife, stating that Col. Burroughs, of Norfolk, who was recently shot by a negro sentinel, was actually murdered whilst asleep in bed. Before his death he affirmed, that he was not trying, as alleged, to make his escape. What a terrible outrage ! Thursday, 11th. — Col. Waring is again a free man. A formal, unconditional pardon was put into his hands, this afternoon, by the commanding General. The document was signed by Colonel Hoffman, by order of President Lincoln. Pardoned ! What an absurdity ! True, the Colonel has 262 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR undergone the formality of a trial, but the case was prejudged, and a sentence of condemnation agreed upon, before tho evi- dence was given. And what was the crime? — Harborins: and feeding Confederate soldiers. And who W( ro the Conf derate .soldiers? — His own son, who, at the request of h's father, was discharg(d by Gen. L.c, on account of tlie death of two other sons; and Si friend wh» had been instrumental in pro- curinG; the re lease of the returned soldier. For entertaining; these young men, under peculiar c'rcumstanccs, a vrneraVJe citizen is shut up eight months w'thin the wal's ( fa fort, liis valu- able property conliscated, h's family scattered — and then he is pardoned! I am glad, ihat a government, whl;h has accom- plished so much evil, and brou jht distress and wretchedness on so mary families, has opened its eyes, sufiif iendy, to see its sin at least in one case; and that it seems disposed, even at this late hour, to measure out a tardy jus; icj in the restoration of a persecuted old man to his wonte 1 freedom and domestic peace. But is this pardon f If there has been no crime, is it not insult to apply the word? Gen. Schospf s'.nt me word by t^:e Colonel, that I am to be released in a few days. Perhaps h i rrfers to the Commission, and iho j^fobabiliii/ of my relief. I shall hopo, but will try to be prepared for any result. Weather, last night, very cold, and the moat frozen over this morning. Friday, 12th. — Chaplain Way, Avho has just returned from a visit to Sussex, informs me, that Avhilst at dinner at Gov. Cannon's, he saw a letter writien by that gentleman to Gen. Lockwood, asking the release of Mr. Long and myself. With this influence, additional to that already brought to bear from distinguished quarters, I ought soon to be relieved from this tedious prison life. Colonel Waring left to-day, intending to take the Erickson boat, to-night, for Baltimore. He will go oa immediately to DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 263 Martinsburg to meet his wife, and ihjn will shape his course, as circumstances may indicate for the best. Before leaving, the old ge.itleraan had quite a jolly time, moving around among his friends on the island, and giving a few parting words to his late fellow-prisoners. After breaking a bo'.tle with a silect few, and jiiiiiing them in a game of whist, he took a formal leave of the company, and left for the boat. As my room-mate, he politely excused himself to me, for the evident intrusion u[)on my principles — on the ground of the S|)eciul circum- stances — and we parted with mutual good wishes. Dr. Fromberger informs me, that my friend Henry Leslie, made every elTort, some time ago, to visit me on the island, and that after securing a pa^s from Gen. Cadwallader, he was induced to relinquish the idea, from the powerful influence for evil, that might be brought against him, should he do so. A cold and cheerless hall, short services, and little interest. Saturday J 13th. — Spent much of the morning in conversa- tion with Mr. J on the evidences of Christianity. Find him exceedingly sceptical and unbelieving. With a good memory, and a general reader, he is familiar with most of the infidel objections to the Bible, and urges them as though they had never been heard before. His manner is very gentlemanly, however, and I think I can see, under all his opposition and unsettled mind, a spirit of inquiry. I have loaned him, at different times. Home's Introduction to tha Scriptures, Butler's Analogy, and Nelson's Cause and Cure of Infidelity. He has expressed dissatisfaction with all of them. Home is too general and desultory; Butler is too antiquated and hackneyed; and Nelson too illiterate and coarse. Notwithstanding his objections, he seems to be wading through this last, and con- fesses that the Doctor sug-wsts a fact in reG;ard to Gibbon's unfairness and dishonesty, in what he calls a chapter on eclipses, which astonishes him, and deserves further investi- gation. In the course of conversation it became very evi- 264 UNITED STATES BONDS; OK dent, that if he has a predilection for any denomination of professing C!Hi.-,t!ans, it is for the Church of Rome. The organized charities of that people give them a high place in his estimation. After the evening services, had quite a discussion with Brog- den, Gibson, Pearsnn, and others, on the morality of dancing, games, &o. Find few who are willing to accept my views on these subjects, whilst an impiessirm has evidently been made, by my suggestions, on the minds of some. On returning to our old quarters, we were notified by Carr, the superintendent of kitchen matters, that there would be no more messing in the rooms, and that all must eat at the table below-stairs. During the six months and a half of my imprisonment, I have never appeared at that table. My first sight of it, soon afier coming to the island, was sufficiently dis- gusting. The slice of meat, and cup of weak coffee, or soup, had too much of the penitentiary look; and I felt thankful for the supplies from friends ia Delaware, who saved me from that dreary and uninviting board. To come to it, now, seemed rather hard — especially as the allowance of bread was to be only a single slice at a meal, and I must stand up to cat that. For several days most of our company have been obliged to submit to the new rule. Our mess, having supplies on hand, have held out until to-day. A conference with Carr, with some spirit of resistance on his part, hns brought us back to the old regime. lie was inf >rmtd, that v,-e had the General's approbation, of which Col. Waring assured us yesterday. The superintendent now declares, that it was not his purpose to restrict us in brtad, nor to prevent our eating ia the rooms. We are all straight now. Two or three hundred " Il.'bs," calling themselvis "citizens," who have offered to take the oath of allegiance, were mustered on the lawn, in front of the General's residence, this afternoon, with boxes, bundles, and whatever effects they owned. They underwent u thorough examination, and were DUEESS B'Y.FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 265 deprived of all superfluities, preparatory to a move — shortly to take place — the nature of which I could not hear. The Con- federate ram, Atlanta, now in possession of the Yankees, passed the island, this morning, en route to Philadelphia. /Sunday, 14:iJi. — Oar religious services were suspended this morning, for the want of a comfortable place to hold them. The hall is now too cold and dreary to be used, except for a very short time, as for prayer in the evening. This is the first time we have been broken up, save once or twice, on account of my health, since I have been at Fort Delaware. The interest has been kept up beyond all expectation. No public disapprobation has been expressed. A few have seldom attended ; some have been careless ; but the feeling generally has been nearly unanimous in favor of continued services. The restraining influence has been good; some minds have been impressed ; but the full amount of good that has been done, eternity alone will reveal. Spent most of the day in reviewing the evidences of Christianity, a subject to which I am endeavoring to give new attention, but which, for the want of books, I must pursue with considerable embarrassment. Read Mcllvaine with great pleasure. Monday, 15th. — Have had another visit from my wife. She came over this morning in the mail boat, and remained until three o'clock. Little Lillie accompanied her mother, and knew me from the hotel window, entirely across the parade ground. My wife informs me that a petition for my release, signed by numerous Republicans of New Castle county, has been put into the hunds of General Schoepf, to ba forwarded to Washington. She also handed me a package of letters from friends in Portsmouth, expressing themselves in terms of the warmest sympathy, and assuring me of their constant prayers in my behalf. Thank God for friends, and especially for praying friends ! 266 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Great anxiety is felt in regard to the coming of "the Commission." From several reliable sources we have had information, that the two Judges — Bond and King — will be here (o-d.iy. Their arrival has not yet been announced, and there is no little disappointment among the prisoners. AVe still have a number of sick and ailing ones among us. Gibson seems quite ill ; Shanks has the pleurisy ; Maynadier, Mill-;, and others are suffering with rheumatism. Dr. Stone is the attending physician, and has the respect and confidence of all the prisoners. By my wife's visit, the state of our larder has been consider- ably improved. After she left, we made our dinner-supper on a fine pot-pie, which with other good things, and a neatly spread table, gave us quite a home feeling. Bible rending and prayer, in the hall, at half-past six, and then all busily engaged until taps, in reading, writing, and conversation. Others, without disturbance, continued with lighted cundles the same occupations, until tired enough for bed. Tuesday, 'iGth. — Dr. Stone visited the room before most of us were up. Gibson had a bid night; but was much better in the morning, and was dressed and going about, long before the day was over. The breakfast-table was scarcely out of the floor, M'hen Carr opened the door, and ordered us to have things in readiness for an inspection. The same order was given in each of the rooms, and expecting a special examina- tion by some official committee, the whole apartment wore its best looks. The day passed, but no inspection took p!ace. We are now living, very confortably, in No. 6. Everything really necessary is at hand; plenty of tea, coffee, sweetmeats, good bei f, poultry, mi'-k, and other luxuries. Every few days brings us a box or basket, and we genei-ally have enouj,h, and to epare. Bro::den received, to-day, a small box from Balti- more ; I, too, had a small package from Philadelphia. Uncle DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 267 Sam has had veiy little to do with feeding any members of our mess, an 1 others of the political prison is have b^^tn quite as independent, especially tl:e inmates of Nos. 1 and 2. Some of us luvo never drawn anything but bread, and sometimes a little f-ugar aiid coff e. At one time we were dependent for beef; moio recently we have been bountifully supplied with cook d meats, which are always bett'.r than anything furnished at (he common table. The ra'.ions are prepared mucli better than Lefore our late move. The coffee is pretty gord, and the soup is better supplied with vtgetables. This improvement I note wi h pleasure. Two "Rebs" are said to have escaped, last night, from the hosp'tal ; but the parUc.ilars are not stated. Every such event makes, fn- a time, a more rigid discipline. There were less than a dozen persons at worship this even- ing; and most of tliLse were p /oressors of religion. The hall is uncomfortable, but if there were a heart for the services, there might be a much better attendance. As I am about to retire, the wind howls furiously around the Fort; and I think Avith pity of the poor fellows at the barracks, who will probably sufler from cold. Wednesday, llth. — A day of excitement. The long-looked for Commission, consisting of Judges Bond and King, has arrive 1, and the event Avas announced by Cunningham before some of us were up. At about fen o'clock, Grady, Gi! -^n, and Griffith — who-e names stand first on the old roll — were called out. In half an hour they returnetl, with a very favor^ able report of the manner in which they had been received. Grady and Gibson seemed hopeful, but Ginffith got the im- pression that ho would be retained as a prisoner for the war. The examina'.ion continu. d luitil two o'clock, when tlie Com- mission adjourned f )r dinner. All agreed as to the gentlemanly bearing of the Judges, and with few exceptions all seemed hopeful. Porter and Tibbetts were most apprehensive. 268 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR After dinner, those whose cases had not yet been examined (excepting such as had been sentenced by courts-martial), were caHed to a room near the General's office, to appear separately before the Commission, holding^ their sessions in an atljoininij room. The roll continued until after some half a dozen had gone in, each remaining from ten to thirty minutes, when my name was announced. Judges King and Bond were occupying seats on opposite sides of the range ; a respectable looking old gentleman named Rogers, of Baltimore, sat near Judge Bond, and one of Capt. Ahl's clerks was seated at a table in the rear. I was requested to seat myself in a vacant chair in front of the range, and nearest to Judge King. For a moment there was some hesitation. A few words passed, by way of salutation. Judge Bond then inquired, what charges had been made against me, and whether there had been any trial or investi- gation of my case. I replied that I had had no trial, and proceeded to make a short statement of the circumstances of my arrest. A few questions were proposed, to elicit my position, but no captious- ncss was evinced, with t!ie exception of a remark by Judge Bond, that he presumed I was abusing the Government in the conversation for Mdiich I had been imprisoned. The examination — if such it could be called — amounted to nothing. It was loose, irregular, and to myself, Avholly un- satisfactory, as to the development of facts. The Judges had evidently informed themselves, to the extent of their wishes, before tliey came to the island. The object, now, seemed to be, simply, to see and amuse themselves with the j)risoners, and, perhaps, to get as many of them as possible to take the oath. In my case the oath was not proposed, but Judge Bond, who is a Northern Methodist, saw fit to take me through a sort of catechetical exercise, either to try my Calvinism, or to gratify an untimely curiosity. " Do you believe," said he, " that God has placed men in families, and that he has ordained Communities and States ? " DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. ^69 A Presbyterian minister, of course, could have no difficulty in responding affirmatively to this strangely official question. "If such, then, is your belief," he continued, " is it not your duty to teach all the obligations which arise from these several conditions ? " "Most assuredly I do." "Then, you will preach against blockade running, which includes lying, and other sins?" I replied, that I had always denounced sin, and fearlessly rej)udiated it wherever I found it, whether in connection with the daily avocations of men, among politicians, or under any other circumstances. I assured him, however, "that I had always avoided political preaching as such; and that in regard to the subject of blockade running, I had never in the course of my ministry had occasion to refer to it. In the abstract I might now say, that it involved principles to be settled by individual consciences." Both of the Judges were inquisitive in regard to my prac- tice, concerning prayer for the President of the United States. I told them, that I had frequently prayed for him ; but that it was never my custom to dictate to the Almighty, in regard to the particular blessings to be bestowed. Judge Bond now introduced the subject of slavery, and reminded me of the recent deliverances of the Presljyterian Church (North) in regard to that topic, intending, as I pre- sume, .to criminate me. in view of what he assumed to be my own heresy. I was, next, interrogated as to the comparative strength of feeling on the subject of slavery among the different denomi- nations at the South ; and, in this connection, my own vievfs Avere more particularly elicited. He agreed with me, that the Methodist Church, South, had not been behind any other in sustaining the institutions of slavery ; and I imagined I could see considerable chafing, at the thought of this prominence on the part of his own 270 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR denomination. In regard to myself, lie soon found, that I liud no personal interest, whatever, in the subject; and that I was perfectly willing to leave the decision of so vexed and intricate a question with Him, whose infinite wisdom will sooner or later decide it. . T!ie interview now closed — Judge Bond remarking that he thought it would be well, if his fellow-townsman, the Rev. Dr. Bullock, and I, could exchange places. I thought Judge King was particularly sparing of my feelings, and I am indebted to him for turning the conversation, several times, in reply to questions j^roposed by his associate of the bench. I was now permitted to leave the room, .rejoicing that nothing had been said to me about the oath, and with what I regarded as an implied assurance from both of the officials, that I should soon be relieved from my imprisonment. When reminding them of my long confinement, and the dependent condition of my large family, they assured me of their sym- pathy, and added that th,ey were willing to do all that they could for the prisoners. I hope there hns been ]io misunder- standing in regard to my position — though I confess to some ajiprelieusion, since reflecting upon the remark of Judge Bond concerning the substitution of Dr. Bullock as a prisoner at this place. But why should I be worried ? The question was dis- tinctly put, and was as clearly and definitely answered : — "My predilections are all with the South." I would now duplicate the testimony, in this record. Let all who know me, understand that I am a true and earnest Southern man, believing that right is with the people of that oppressed section, in the great questions now at issue. But I am willing, and anxious, to make all due allowance fir those who cannot see as I do. I am a man of peace, repudiating all vindictiveness, and submitting the whole controversy and its issues to Him who secth not as man seeth, and who will glorify Plimself in the result, making the wrath of man to praise Him. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AaTHOEITY. 271 Thursday, 18th. — For several days past, the weather has been intensely cold — colder, it is thought, than it has been before in this region for at least four years. The river is again frozen over, and all the moats and ponds, on the island, are blocked up with ice. The poor fellows, at the barracks, have had a hard time. I can get no particulars, but we hear that several have, lately, been badly frozen. Whether any have died from the effects of cold, I havo not heard. Seven men escaped night before last, but were all caught, near Wilmington, and brought back. The Commission finished its work this morniug, and the Judges were to have left tiiis afternoon. Snyder, De La Mar, and others, arc very much discouraged. The first named will probub^,y be tried by court-martial, on the charge of being a spy. I feel sorry for him, as he has a disease which of itself is likely to end his life, unless he can be relieved from prison, and get such treatment and attention as it is impossible to re- ceive here. The cases of Richardson, and Joice have been passed over, as under the special jurisdiction of the Secretary of War. Pearson and Devitt, both of them sentenced for the war, ap- peared before the Commission. The first, after making his statement, and disclosing his position, was informed by the Judges that they had nothing to do with his case. The other did not make known his peculiar status, and his case was noted, like all the rest, for reference to Gen. Lockwood. He hopes for' a release, in the contemplated general delivery. All are now in suspense, and the time will hang heavy, until the result is known. Two more letters have come to hand, from my good friend, the Rev. Dr. McCown, enclosing funds. Truly this brother — whom I have never seen — is a friend, indeed. M;iy his heart's desire be abundantly realized, in the conversion, and future use- fulness of his dear son. One of the letters h;;s certain allu- sions, indicating that somebody has been writing to him in my name — for what purpose I have no idea, unless to 272 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR extort money. He refers to the notes of a sermon enclosed in a letter lately received, and tlianks me for them. I have no recollection of ever sending such notes ; and am at a loss to know what is meant. My copy of the Daily Neics is very irregular in coming. For three days, I have not received it at all. Sometimes, I get duplicates, the pap' r for Gen. Schcepf being enclosed with mine, and both being sent to me unopened. We had a comfortable evening service, in No. 2, and shall continue, for the 2>rescnt, to meet there. Made some remarks on Firmness, as necessary to the sum of Christian character. Friday, 19th. — Gen. Jeff. Thompson was brought to the island, to-day, and quartered in the room formerly occupied by Col. Waring, Just as I was starting out for a walk, I discovered this distinguished officer, in company with Gen. Schcepf, on the platform in front of the frame building, on the left of the yard. I was passing on to the sally-port, when I heard my name called, by the Commandant ; and before I could cross over, he spoke loud enough to be heard at a distance : " You be released, now, in a few days." Approaching the two officers, I was very pleasantly intro- duced to "Gen. Jeff Thompson." — Pointing to me: " He a Rebel too," said Gen. Schcepf. I inquired of Gen. Thompson, how he happened to be at Fort Delaware. " He came here," said Gen. Schcepf, "to be well treated. We know how to treat the soldier here. Don't you think so?" Very cordially assenting to this remark, the General con- tinued : " You must not abuse me when you leave here." " I shall not be di^^posed to do so," I replied. " You have always treated me with great kindness ; and I think you have the good feeling of all the prisoners." DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 273 Turning to Gen. Thompson, the Commandant then remarked : " Dr. Handy will be a pleasant companion for you," — at the same time pointing to the General's room, that I might know where to find him. After a few moments more of conversation, we separated, and the two Generals crossed the fort-yard, to Schoepf 's office. In about an hour after this interview. Gen. Thompson sent for me, to visit him at his room. I found him occupying a bench in front of a good coal fire, with a small table at his side. The room looked rather naked, but clean, and waiting only to be j^ut in such order as a day or two will find it. The object of the General was to get the " hang" of things, and to make some arrangements about messing. He showed me his parole, binding him not to make his escape, and allow- ing him the privilege of the island. I could not tell him whether he would be allowed to visit the quarters of the polit- ical prisoners ; but suggested, that could he do so, it would give me great pleasure to have him as one of our party in No. 6. He thought there would be no difficulty about it ; but to make the matter sure, he proposed to go, at once, to see Gen. Schoepf. Soon returning, he said it was " all right ;" and that the Commafndant assured him, he was just thinking it would be well, either, that he should join me in my room, or, that I that I should go down with him. Gen. Thompson had been invited to dine with Gen. Schoepf; but had dcclinetl, and was ready to join our party, at our usual dinner-supper. We walked up together, and after an intro- duction to several of the prisoners, and a chat of an hour or more, the inmates of No. 6 had the pleasure of the General's company at the table. It was quite an agreeable change in our routine, to hear his very fluent, and entertaining conversa- tion. Gen. Thompson is a native of Jefferson county, Ya. He was once a clerk in the City of Baltimore; but for seventeen years has been a citizen of Missouri, residing most of ths'time 18 274 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR in St. Joseph's. He is an engineer by profession, and has been extensively engaged in real estate brokerage. Before the war he was two years mayor of St. Joseph. He is now in the thirty-ninth year of his age; has never had much sickness, and is evidently capable of great endurance. In person he is tall and slender, fully six feet in height, with a stooj) in the (shoulders, of thin visage, furrowed cheeks, long, sharp nose, rather projecting lower lip, with brown moustache, and thiu goatee. His hands and ^eet are disproportionate in size, and in walking his strides are long. At present he is dressed in a full suit of black cloth, and wears a gray Confederate over- coat. He confesses to have been rather fond of a spree in his early days, and says, the })hotograph of him, which is now circulating at the North, was taken just after a " regular bust.'' His habits, at present, are temperate. With the exception of a liitle beer, recently taken, he has drunk no liquor for more than two years. Tobacco he repudiates entirely. But the General will swear in telling an anecdote, excusing himself with the apology that he means no harm, and calling it '^ my emphatic language." Plis speech is rapid ; he has a fund of anecdote ; his manners are free ; he has a pleasant egotism ; writes poetry, and is far from the illiterate man' he has been represented to be — but is thoroughly Western in his style. Gen. Thompson entertained us until nearly dark, with anecdotes of his late journey ; and among other things, told a good story of an adventure wiih a little Jew, whom he met on the cars between Baltimore and Wilmington. Said the Jew: "Abraham Lincoln is the greatest man in this country." " He's a fool," replied the General. " He is an honest man, certainly," rejoined the Jew. " He is a rascal," answered Thompson. The Jew was startled, threw himself back, stared at his fellow-traveller, and inquired whether he belonged to the army. " I do," answered the General. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 275 " To what army ? " " To the E,ebel army/' was the cool rejoinder. " The Rebel army ! " exclaimed the Israelite ; — " why, you are the first Rebel I have ever seen ! " Recovering; from his fright, the Jew was soon disposed to make himself agreeable. Indeed, he now seemed anxious to be useful in some way to his new acquaintance; and having dis- covered that he was on his way to Fort Delaware as a prisoner, he proposed to send him any supplies he might need, and proceeded to take his name in a memorandum book, which he drew from his pocket. The General gave his name as Thompson. " Your full name, sir ? " " Jeff Thompson." "What ! " exclaimed the startled Jew, "Jeff Thompson, the noted go-rilla ! " It was more than the Jew could stand, and eyeing the chief- tain from head to foot, he sat motionless in astonishment. Saturday, 20th. — Seven months have now passed since the day of my arrest, and I am still a prisoner — restless, uneasy, anxious. Never have I felt so completely worn out. The time seems lost. I am accomplishing little or nothing, even as a minister of the Gospel. I seem to be benefitting neither myself, my family, the church, nor the public. But God knows what is best, and I will not complain. I look to Him. Oh for grace to submit to His will ! My desolate church, my sicattered family, my imprisoned body, my cheerless mind, are all in His hands. I pray for the spirit of Newton's angel — submitting to the most honorable, or the most debasing sur- roundings, for the glory of God. The weather is considerably milder than it has been. Our poor boys at the barracks have suffered much during this snap. Night before last one man perished from cold. He was carried to the hospital, but died soon after he entered the building. 276 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR I learned, to-day, that there are still five hundred sick men on the island. Only twenty small-pox cases are reported — all of them of long standing. Gen. Thompson has taken his meals with us, and has spent much of the day in our room, joking, talking, or reading from a scrap-book, in which he has preserved a collection of personal matters, clipped from the Yankee papers, or written by his own pen. I had no idea that he had such a poetic turn. Several of his articles are very fine. AValked around the island, with himj this morning. In the course of conversation he referred to Gen. Gantt, of Arkansas, who has recently been figuring extensively, as a " repentant Rebel." Thompson says he knows Gantt well, and speaks of him as a " hypocrite in the church ; a traitor to his country ; a coward on the field ; a liar and a scoundrel," and adds, that he " is responsible for the statement/' In part explanation, he says that whilst Gantt professes to be a Christian, and a member of the Methodist Church, it is common with him to drink and swear ; and that his chaplain, from whom for a time he managed to conceal his habits, was finally undeceived and left him in disgust. For several evenings past, our services have been held in No. 2, attended chiefly by professors of religion — a majority of whom have been inmates of tiie room. Made a few remarks, to-night, on the subject of Christian example. Sunday, 21st. — I am disgusted with all I see around me. "Sin abounds." Among the forty-five or fifty political prisoners, confined at Fort Delaware, perhaps not a dozen "fear God and work righteousness." A majority of them are profane swearers. Maiiy delight in filthy conversations ; sev- eral are cavilling sceptics ; and two or three appear to be down- right infidels. Things are worse among us than they have ever been before. Not one of my own room-mates is a pro- fessor of religion. I am generally treated with respect, and DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 277 there is, upon the whole, much regard for my feelings. But shut up as I am with so many ungodly men, I am continually seeing, and hearing disagreeable things. If my life is spared, this experience will be useful to me, in my future ministry ; but my heart sinks in the present observation of so much depravity. I will not " fret myself because of evil doers ;" but would rather " rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for Him." Satan has got the better of us, to-day, in regard to our ser- vices. A cold hall, and confusion in the rooms broke up the preaching. Indeed, the interest has so flagged of late, that I thought best, independently of these interruptions, to suspend one of the usual Sabbath discourses. We had a pleasant ser- vice at night, in No. 2 ; but whilst thus engaged, Jeff Thomp- son had a much larger congregation in No. 6, relating all sorts of personal narratives, and entertaining the company with jokes and anecdotes, by no means suited to the hours of the Sabbath. He is one of the most loquacious men I have ever seen. There is no end to his amusing stories. One of these I heard, before leaving the room, for worship, and might have been enter- tained, had he not interlarded almost every sentence with his " emphatic language," and had it not been Sabbath night. At the usual hour, I took my Bible, and left the company — all understanding my object. One or two followed me. The others (quite a crowd) remained, some sitting, some standing, and some squatting on the floor upon their hands and knees — all absorbed in Jeff's wonderful tales. The weather has been warmer, to-day, but the ice continues in the moat, and the Yankees have been amusing themselves with skates. Monday, 22d. — Washington's birthday has passed, with nothing to distinguish it from any other day of the year. No parade, no firing of cannon — all quiet. Had a very unpleasant altercation with one of my room- mates — the same Avho has repeatedly uttered unpleasant remarks 278 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR in my hearing, and endeavored to wound my feelings by infidel sneers and sarcastic allusions. He has done this so frequently, that I felt it my duty, in self-defence, to bear no longer ; and in a calm, firm, and direct manner, I repelled his slurs. This man is the only person who has treated me with the slightest disrespect during my seven months' imprisonment. I am the more amazed at his conduct, inasmuch as I have ever treated him with kindness ; and being a much younger man than myself, have endeavored to advise him for his good. Until recently, I had supposed he was receiving my suggestions in the same spirit in which they were given. I now find that he hates the truth ; and to-day, he openly avowed that it gave him great pleasure to see the advocates of religion opposed and defeated. In consequence of a remark, affirming that I have forced religious services upon those who were un- willing to hear them, I requested Maynadicr to ascertain the feeling on that subject, and report to me, before the hour for worship. The result of this inquiry was an earnest request that I should go on as usual. Referring, myself, to the matter in No. 2, where we had a respectable gathering, the unanimous wish was expressed, that the usual course should be pursued ; and that no attention be paid to such opposition as had been made. One man — not a professor of religion, a very sensible gentleman, from Sussex county, Delaware — requested me to con- tinue the services until my release, and publicly begged me to give him my prayers. All this was gratifying, and encour- aging ; and I shall persevere in the work before me, in spite of all sneers, and opposition. Major Hammond is quite ill. Dr. Stone had to be sent for, at a late hour, and has not yet arrived — the sally-port being closed, and there being considerable difficulty in reaching him. All the physicians are now on the outside of the fort — a bad arrangement, and greatly to the disadvantage of the political prisoners, and others, who might suffer much before a surgeon could be reached. Brogden, who has just returned DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 279 from a hunt for the Doctor, reports the officer of the day so drunk that he could not speak. I have been turning the pages of Jeff Thompson's scrap- book, in which I find a number of his own fugitive pieces. Some of them are excellent. The following, addressed to Miss Elder, of St. Louis, who asked for his autograph, while a prisoner at Gratiot street prison, August, 1863, is character- istic, and illustrates the prevailing buoyancy of the man : — " Though prison bars, My freedom mars, And glittering bayonets guard me round, My Rebel soul Scorns such control, And dwells with friends on Southern ground. My heart is light, And spirits bright. And Hope, -with her enchanting wand, Gives visions fair; And free as air, I roam at will in Dixie's Land." The following shows an affectionate heart : — " Written for Lieut. TFm. Elder, of Calloway County, Missouri, upon his hearing of his mother's death. " Johnson's Island, October Qth, 1863. " I've stood 'mid many battles' blast, And brav'd the shock of charging horse — 'Mid comrades falling tliick and fast, With shrieking wounds, and ghastly corse. *' Such sights but nerve a soldier's soul — For, then, we must our feelings smother ; But, now, my tears brook no control — I hear that thou art dead — my mother ! "I've sat beside my dying friend, Aud seen his life-blood ooze away, And felt thai I my life could spend In earnest prayer that he might stay — To cheer me with his friendship dear — Who loved him fondly as a brother ; But all this gritf was but one tear. To those I shed for thee — my mother I 280 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE " A soldier has no time for tears, My country needs my constant thought, My heart is hard to grief and fears, And freedom thus is only bought. " A messmate falls — we say good-hye — The next in ranks becomes another ; There's not the pain — though all should die — Like that at loss of thee — my mother ! " The following is historical, and I must not omit it : — "To tTie First Dwmon Missouri State Guards. Written at Little Rock, July 25th, 1863. "Two years ago, this very day. Three thousand men armed for the fray, Had met a chief to choose — . To lead tiiem to the battle-field. And teach them how their arms to wield Successful 'gainst their foes. They looked around, but could not find A man just suited to their mind — When along there came a stranger, Whose sabre bright, and dashing air, And plumed hat so devil-may care. Bespoke one used to danger. The soldiers gathered round him there. And bade the stranger stop and share Their danger and their glory. They asked if he knew how to lead Brave men to battle and to deed That grace both song and story. He answered ' Yes,' and — to be brief — They made him then at once their chief To lead them to the field ; And on that day and from that hour Three thousand men felt well the power A single man can wield — For what an hour before had been A motley crowd, whose discipline Brought trouble, work, and woea, Were led by the magic of one will — An army made whose strength and skill O'erpowered all their foes. And Southern men. and Southern maid, Grandfathers, too, and matrons staid. Did sing in joyous strains, Of tiiose who did thus nobly stand And strike for our fixir Southern land Upon Missouri's plains. And thus the chief redeemed his word; For compliments upon them pour'd, DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 281 And favor broad and long ; And history when its tale is told, Will mention those who were so bold In story and in soug. ' Two years have passed, and in that time How many brave men in their prime Have passed from us away ! For many fell 'mid battle's roar. When thousands met who'll meet no more Until the last great day ; And many in the stilly night. When dreams of home were silv'ry bright, Have heard death's cannon peal ; And many on the lonely watch, With none their last loud words to catch, Have felt the foeman's steel. But many, many more have sped With sickness, faint from feverish bed, Without their lov'd ones nigh ; And the insatiable hospital hath said. To scores of men now cold and dead :— " Come in and die." But the chief still lives, and on this day Hath sat him down to while away An hour with the past. With friends who since two years ago Have bravely stood to front the foe In many a battle's blast ; Who followed him where danger stood, And shared his lot by field and flood, Like soldiers true and brave ; And his thankful heart with pleasure thrills To know that they are striking still Our Southern rights to save. And now for all the noble dead The chiefLain asks that he may shed Upon their graves a tear ; And pray that He who rules above May bless our lo. t ones with His love, And Heaven's blissful cheer ; That his heart may grieve for those bereft — With the widows and the orphans left, With sweethearts sad and lone ; With lathers fond and mothers kind. Brothers and sisters left behind, By comrades dead and gone."i Guard ^rf hour after^'ii?prPrt"t9^°^^^^ ""^ ^^^ F"«' Division Missouri Stale "M. Jeff Thompson." 282 UNITED STATE3 BONDS : OR Tuesday, 23cZ — Walked around the Island, this morning, with Gen. Thompson ; was with him for a short time, this afternoon, in his room ; and had him Avith us, also, at meals. Being so much in his company, and his tongue going all the time, I must soon necessarily learn all his history. He tells me that his wife is in St. Louis, with her friends — some of whom are Secessionists and others Republicans. He says she calls herself a Union woman, and that she is a devout Catholic. He has four children, three of them girls and one a boy. Two of the girls, one fourteen and the other nine years of age, are at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, near New Orleans ; the other daughter is with her father's sister in St. Louis, with whom, as she is a wealthy lady, and a suitable person, he desires her to remain. He showed me a very tender and beautiful letter, which he was about to mail to this child, whom he calls his baby. The boy is with his mother, and is old enough to be of considerable service to her, under present circumstances. The General positively denies all the stories that have been told about his recklessness and cruelty in the Southwest. He says he has always protected the property of Union citizens, and that he has never allowed his men to attack any but soldiers. On the other hand, he affirms that he has hung at least four men, professing to be Southerners, who were lounging about his camp, for stealing horses. He admits, that whenever he could get at a Federal soldier, he has taken him, if he could, and, that to clothe his own naked men, he has allowed them to shoot Yankee pickets; whenever wounded men have fallen into his hands, he has invariably treated them with kindness, and returned them, if possible, into their own lines. He admits some outrages, committed by stragglers from his com- mand, but always when beyond his control, and contrary to his wishes. He expresses himself with good feeling towards Gen. Butler; and is grateful for his recent effort to secure him a parole from Secretary Stanton to go south ; and says, that DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 283 Butler is not quite so bad a man, in some respects, as he has been represented to be. He has a number of correspondents at the North ; and for prudential reasons, is swift to make acquaintances on the island. Whilst he calls himsrlf a " hide- bound rebel," he compliments bravery on the part of his enemies, and makes the most reasonable allowances f )r the different stand-points, occupied by individuals at the North, and at the South. Five days have passed, since Judges Bond and King left the island, and yet no tidings have reached us, as to the result of their examinations. We all wait in painful suspense. Perhaps, we ought not to expect action under a week ; but we can see no good reason for delay. A communication from my wife, received to-day, informs me of another delayed or suppressed letter, mailed here last week. I notice, that when the slightest allusion is made to anything transpiring on the island, there is some interruption of this kind. In my last I spoke of the Commission, but in no improper manner. Others write full letters about passing events, and have no such trouble. Why / should be an exception, is unaccountable. I have cut the following order, issued by Gen. Wild, now in command at Norfolk, from to-day's Inquirer. I am aston- ished ! What have not the people of Norfolk and Portsmouth suffered ? Thousands driven from their homes, and their property confiscated ; and others, who have been too poor to get away, persecuted with a most tormenting rule — some of them driven even to death, and now tiiose that remain are to be interfered with in their religion. Their own pastors to be removed, and others not of their own choice to be jslaced over them ! Degraded by association with negro soldiers, who were once their willing slaves! Were this philanthropy, it might be borne; were it from a principle of religion, we could excuse it. But it is neither. It is the spirit of jealousy and of hate. It is the feigned piety of a brutal Brigadier, 284 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE who, to amass thousands for himself, would, recklessly, and with sword in hand, starve women and children whose husbands are offering their lives in defence of honest principle. The maddened official, under a pretence of emancipating and bless- ing an oppressed race, would wink at the suffering of thou- sands of negro mothers and babes, who, abducted or driven from their comfortable homes, now, often in their dying agonies; curse the ambitious and heartless politicians who have made them the dupes of their iniquity. How I feel for my poor people in Portsmouth ! Ho.w long, oh Lord, how long shall the wicked bear rule ? God of mercy, hear the cries of the dis- tressed, and " deliver them out of the mouth of the Lion ! " "Loyal Sekvices in Churches. "The following order, issued within the past few days, teaches the ministers of this locality their duty : — " Head-quarters, Norfolk and Portsmouth. — Gen- eral Orders, No. 3. — Norfolk, February 11th, 1864. — All places of public worship in Norfolk and Portsmouth are hereby placed under the control of the Provost Marshals of Norfolk and Portsmouth respectively, who shall see the pulpits properly filled, by displacing, when necessary, the present in- cumbents and substituting men of known loyalty, and the same sectarian denomination, either military or civil, subject to the approval of the Commanding General. "They shall see that the churches are open freely to all offi- cers and soldiers, white or colored, at the usual hour of worship, and at other times, if desired, and they shall see that no insult or indignity be offered to them, either by word, look or gesture, on the part of the congregation. "The necessary expenses will be levied as far as possible in accordance with the previous usages or regulations of each congregation respectively. " No property shall be removed, either public or private, without permission from these Head-quarters. " By command of Brig.-General E. A. Wild, " George H. Johnston, "Captain and Ass't Adjutant-General. Official. "Hanford Struble, " Lieutenant and Acting Aide-de-Camp." DTJRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 285 Good attendance at prayers, in No. 2. Read 33d chapter of Isaiah, with comments. Wednesday, 2Ath. — We have some sick ones, all the time ; at present, more than usual are complaining. Dr. Stone is kept quite busy. Thorn is still sick at the hospital, but is improving. Major Hammond is better. Joice, Richardson, Johnson, Sikes and others, are all doctoring themselves. The principal trouble, just now, is caused by cold and sore throats. Some are threatened with erysipelas. Were it not so serious a matter, it would be quite ludicrous, to see the painted cheeks, noses, and throats. Iodine is certainly a popular medicine among the political prisoners. Every man who has a pain, scratch, or soreness runs immediately to Shanks, and has the feather applied. It is a wonderful remedy. Upon the whole, the political prisoners have suffered a good deal from various ailments ; but we have much for which to be thankful, in the spared lives of all but one of our number. Want of exercise, difficulty in regulating the temperature of the rooms, and unsuit- able diet, have been the chief causes of disease. May God speed the time when we shall again breathe the pure air, eat at our own tables, and, with quiet and grateful hearts, once more enjoy the embrace and sympathy of " the loved ones at home." Spent an hour or two, this afternoon, with Chaplain Way. Capt. Numbers, once a Methodist preacher, came in, and joined in the conversation. Each of us having labored on the old Chesapeake and Delaware peninsula, we presently found our- selves in a very social chat about old times and scenes. Several pleasant anecdotes passed between us, about good brethren long since dead; and we separated in fine humor, with ourselves and each other, and, I hope, benefitted by the inter- view. I find, that Jeff. Thompson wields quite an easy pen. He writes rapidly, and clearly, avoiding mistakes in grammar, and orthography. He showed me, to-day, a letter addressed to 286 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Geo. D. Prentice, of the Louisville Journal, on the state of the country, and written at Johnson's Island — a forcible and well written paper. The autliorities being unwilling to let it go, he availed himself of an opportunity, on his way from John- son's Island to this prison, to throw it out of the car window, risking the chance of its reaching its destination. Services to-night were late, in consequence of " Jeff.'s" enter- taining talk in No. 6, wdiich it was thought best not to in- terrupt. After he left, we had a comfortable time in No. 2. Burke, the comedian, died at the hospital, and was buried on Monday last. Thursday, 25th. — In walking around, this morning, with the Missouri General, called in at Lieut. Wolf's office, and found that officer undergoing a regular shampooning process, at the hands of a young " Reb." " Why, I didn't know you had a barber-shop on the Island ! " said Thompson. The Lieutenant looked rather confused, and theyosmgman in the office smiled. I took the matter as a joke, of course, and made no reply. In the course of the day, I learned through Lowry, the young Missourian who Is acting as Thomp- son's orderly, that the " Rebs " had got hold of the thing, and were enjoying it as a good joke. But the best of it was, that the General actually mistook Wolf's fancy office for a real barber shop. In the afternoon, learning his mistake, he thought it a matter of sufficient Importance to call in and offer an apology. There was a good laugh, and it ended without offence to any one. I am frequently astonished at the strange views expressed by some of those around me, upon all subjects, but especially about morals and religion. It Is curious also, to notice the subterfuges and apologies of ungodly men. To-day, I heard a young man of respectability and iutelligonce, siy that he had never seen a day, in his life, in which he either had not, or DURESS BY PEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 287 could not, have wished that he had never been born. He added, that he had frequently told his father so ; and that he did not thank his parents — or, (as he might have said,) was angry with them — for his existence. On another occasion, I heard him wishing that he had died in infancy ; and, again, chiding God, that his birth should have had anything to do with Sover- eign plans. He justifies himself, in this impatience, by the con- duct of Job, who cursed the day he was born and said that he was weary of his life. This same man regards all earnestness in reli- gion as fanaticism, and even condemns the noble and truly pious Stonewall Jackson, as an extremist and a fatalist. Without being a drunkard, he, also, prides himself on his love of liquor ; and avers that all great men have had a fondness for alcoholic drinks. These are noted, simply, as specimen opinions ; and are regarded as the more remirkable, as the views of a young man of standing and influence. It seems to me, that the whole tendency of this miserable war is to promote sin, in every conceivable form. Every- thing good is opposed ; everything vile is commended. Men seem to have no consciences. Things which were, a short time ago, condemned even by men of only common decency, are now winked at, or indulged in, by.some who once stood high in the church ; all confidence between man and man is at an end; infidels are rejoicing; God's people — the very elect of Jehovah — are faltering ; and the question may, even now, be suitably proposed, " Is there faith on earth ? " These evils are doubtless the usual consequences of war. But the times are peculiar. May we not be in the midst of those very movements, which are to usher in the latter-day glory ? Who knows, but that Anti-Christ is now living ? " Here is wisdom, let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast." Some wags played a hoax on D this afternoon, at my expense, which had well-nigh set him crazy. Whilst I was out, they told him that I had received a letter from my wife, 288 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR stating that she had obtained direct information from Gen. Lockwood, that the suggestions of the late Commission in relation to the release of certain prisoners, would be disre- garded ; and that most of us would probably continue a long time in confinement. The poor fellow is of such a mercurial, and anxious temperament, that he has scarcely been still, for a moment, during his imprisonment. He is constantly com- municating with his friends, running after the officers of the fort, or in some other way, busying himself in regard to his release. Hopes, and fears alternate with him, with more rapidity than with any other man among us. Sometimes he is smiling with expectation. Again, he runs to his bed, or to some corner, his eyes filled with tears. I pity him sincerely, and hope he may soon be returned to his young wife, and rein- stated in a successful and uninterrupted business. Only seven persons at worship, this evening. Keno, cards, and infidel opposition are our enemies in these efforts. Thanks be to God, we have enough to claim the promissd blessing ! Friday, 2Qth. — The terrible suspense which has been hanging over the heads of some of our fellow-prisoners, for weeks past, was in a measure relieved, after the arrival of the mail this afternoon. Cunningham came up with a list of twelve names, which he called aloud in the hall, with an order for the parties to appear, at once, in the General's office. The catalogue was irregular, and not in the order of the roll. The first man called was Gibson, who fairly jumped and danced with delight. The others were Alkire, Mills, Porter, Griffith, Green, Shreve, Weightman, Lovett, Miles, Cosner and Snyder. All these were persons who had agreed to take the oath. The order for their relea-e required that those from Maryland, and Pennsylvania should simply take the oath of amnesty; and that the others should, in addition, give their parole of honor not to go south of the Potomac-. Some DURESS BY FEDERAL AI7TH0RITY. 289 of these persons had heavier charges against them, than any in the fort; others had been informed by the Com- mission that they were, probably, in f)r the war; one expected to bo tried by court-martial; and, in regard to two or three more, a very doubtful opinion has been enter- taine 1, by the company, as to the probability of their release. Why any of those released should have been selected, in preference to several whose names were not called, none were able to decide. Everybody rejoiced in the good fortune of the twelve; and notwithstanding some disappointment, we have had one of the happiest days of our imprisonment. I fit so confident, in the morning, that we would have a sort of jail-delivery before night, that I packed my clothes, and bound up my papers and books, much to the amusement of my room-mates and others. All the prisoners averred, that nothing would bo done for days to come ; yet it was very evident, from t'.ieir general manner, and conversaticm, that th-y were deeply anxious, and expectant. Gibson was the only man that actually left the Island — there being no Way of getting off except by a small boat that conveyed a number of workmen to Delaware City. Other boats would have crossed, but the wind was blowing heavily,, and the water was so rough that the 'boatmen refused to- venture out. Most of the released men seemed content to- wait until to-morrow. Some of the men availed themselves of the opportunity aff rded by their liberty, to visit the sutler's; and returned in good humor, with "all the world and the rest of mankind." I was glad to hear one man, who is more addicted to liquor than any in the company, say that he would not for a thousand' dollars take a drink on the eve of his departure for home. It was, also, pleasant to hear the most profane man of all our number solemnly affirm, that as soon as he got on the other side of the river he intended to take a vow, never to utter a profane o.ith, nor to take the name of God in vaia. I believe 19 290 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE he was sincere, and endeavored to encourage him In his good resolution. Of all those who took President Lincoln's oath of amnesty, this day, it is questionable whether any three of them had a heart in the act. Most of them have openly expressed them- selves to the contrary. All regard it ns " forced/' and as a dernier ressort to secure their liberty, after a long and hard imprisonment. We did not forget the twelve in our worship to-night. Saturday, 27th. — Looked all day for farther news from the "Commission." On the arrival of the mail, was consider- ably disappointed. Felt relieved, however, by a letter from my wife, stating that Dr. Stewart, of Port Penn, had received a letter from Gen. Lockwood, imforming him that my case would not be acted upon for a week or ten days. The neces- sity of the delay is unintelligible to me; hut it is some satis- faction to know, that no action has been taken condemning me to longer confinement. Spent several hours, to-day, in hunting up rings, fans, breast- pins, and other curiosities made by the " Rebs." Spent $20 in this way for some of our company, who have no opportunity to go out. It is astonishing, what beautiful work of this kind is gotten up at the barracks ; and it is the more remarkable, as the men have but few tools, and M'ork under all sorts of disadvantages. The articles are sold, too, at merely nominal prices. Sometimes they file and cut for a whole day, to get from ten to fifty cents, with which to buy a little tobacco. In the multiplicity of subjects discussed between Gen. Thomp- son and myself, theology and practical religion have not been ne- glected. His idea seems to be, that it is a matter of no sj^ccial con- sequence what a man believes, provided he is honest and consis- tent in what ha prof sses. Mohammedans, Mormons, Pagans are all good enough and worthy of all commendation, so far as they adhere closely and conscientiously to their peculiar doctrines DUKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 291 and ceremonies. He has been to Salt LaKe, and mingled a great deal with the Mormons. Some of their peculiarities he admires ; others he has no objection to. He regards them as veiy devt>ut people, and commends the virtue of the females, and the prevailing honesty of the masses. He evidently has a very warm side for these visionary people, and yet would not like to be called a Mormon. The Roman Catholics stand very high in his estimation, and he is ever ready to defend them. Indeed, he once went so far during a spell of sickness, as ti send for a Catholic priest — not because he thought the priest could save him, but because his wife and others desired it, and regarded the priest as a better and more intellectual man than any other ministers around him. He professes to be an Episcopalian ; but positively repudiates the divinity of Christ ; and is very emphatic in his denunciation of prayer as a duty, any farther than to repeat what is commonly called the Lord's Prayer. Farther than this, he says, no man has a right to pray; and that the very idea of God's condescending to hear and answer every body that cliooses to call upon Him, for this or that, is absurd. Thanksgiving, however, he regards as incumbent upon all ; and he professes to be grateful to God for all the blessings which he enjoys. The General's true status, on religious subjects, would be expressed, I think, by the word Free-thinker. Notwithstanding his confessed irregularities, he believes himself to be a good man. He is, undoubtedly, a cheerful, kind-hearted, and com- panionable man ; but his notions are exceedingly heterodox, and his morality far from the spiritual demands of the Divine law. Company Q had an accession of thirteen recruits, to-day. They are constantly coming and going. Sunday, 2Sth. — My parole has again been withdrawn. Why, I do not know. It was very unexpectedly demanded by the General, through an orderly, who called at my door whilst I i 292 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB was reclining upon the bed tliis afternoon. Anxious to know something about the matter, I imraecliatelj dropped a note to Gen. Schoepf, stating my regret that he should have deemed it necessary to recall the parole, and requesting, as I had no knowledge of having violated any rule of the Fort, either expressed or implied, that he would inform me on the subject. As yet, I have heard nothing in reply. I am the more amazed at the restriction, as I had supposed from the General's manner for some time past, that he was favorably disposed towards me, and that he was inclined to make me as comfortable as my prison-life will allow. Some one, I presume, is watching him, and he has yielded to a pressure, that condemns my intimacy with Gen. Thompson — an intimacy permitted and advised by himself. Perhaps the hour spent at Wolf's office yes- terday, in purchasing prison jewelry, was not agreeable to some of the watchers. But what harm in that? unless they are unwilling that the poor "Rebels" should have the little money thus earned. Or it may be, they fear some influence upon the prisoners, that mny result unhappily for themselves. Well, it may be necessary to be careful — for the brave fellows gave three cheers as we passed the barracks the other day./ Tiiey were on the inside, and we could only see them through the windows. Chaplain Paddock, who has just returned from a visit to Philadelphia, informs me, that he heard a minister of the Gospel express very bitter feeling against me, on account of a statement received by him, from Rev. Mr. Gaylord, in regard to the circumstances of my r.rrest. He further states that the minister (!,e di 1 ntit name him) had hoard of ray remark to Gen. Schoei)f, Avhcn he first suggested the idea of the oatli,as a basis of my release, viz : — that " I would lie in j:;il and rot fir.-t." Mr. Paddock, under a wrong impression, d :nicd the statement, and assured li'm tliat he had talked "with me on the subject, and that he had my word for the c )ntradiction. How he could have gotten this impression, I am at a loss to co'.j- DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 293 cclve ; but, to save controversy, and unpleasant feeling, I thought it best to make no correction. I have since regretted this course, as Mr. Paddock may now feel assured as to li's statement, upon the principle that silence as-sents. How difficult in these times, to do just what is right ! Speaking, or not speaking, the very best man may be misunderstood. The Sabbath passed with only one service. I preached a short sermon in No. 2, on human depravity. The congrega- tion was smaller than it ought to have been ; but the room v/as comfortably full, and tiie attention good. After worship, had a long talk with ]\I r, on certain denominational questions, such as I have heretofore scrupulously avoided, hoping during my prison life, to do nothing calcu- lated to cx(ite prejudice, or that would in the slightest degree be likely to interfere with a more important purpose, of trying to win souls to Christ. In this conversation, however, the most pleasant feeling prevailed ; and although we differed very widely on some points, the talk, I hope, was not unprofitable. M r is one of our best men ; a devout Christian, and his examjDle is worth much under present circumstances. He calls himself a member of the Episcopal church ; and says he is in the habit of communing with that people, but has never been confirmed. Monday, 2dth. — * * * Spent much of the day on the bed, with a headache. Felt better after the arrival of the mail. Received a letter by flag of truce, announcing the marriage of my eldest daughter, to a worthy and excellent man, who is serving his country in the Confederate Navy. She was married by the Eev. Dr. Read, on the 8th inst. * * * A room full at worship, to-night. Wrote two letters after service. Joice, Maynadier, Pierson, and others in our room until a late hour. Candles burnt until the last, and no inter- ruption. 294 UNITED STATES .BO^S'DS ; OR X. March. Twsday, 1st. — The ground has a thick coating of snow. Thus, spring having *' come in like a lioji/' may be expect-d to "go out like a lamb." But the weather is mild, and the little stove in our room keeps us very comfortable. "With the return of spring, the health of the Island is greatly improved. The sraall-pox has entirely disappeared. Tiie hospitals, it is true, are well filled ; but the number of deaths reported daily, is small. Indeed, several days frequently elapse withe* it a burial. The " boys," at the barracks, look liko r,ow men. They have suffered much, during the winter, witii cold and sickness; but that ordeal is now passed. Hundreds of their comrades less capable of endurance, have gone into the eternal world. Yet there are many whose lives have been *' redeemed from de- struction." Thanks be to God ! Soon after the mail came in, this afternoon, an orderly ap- peared at my door, summoning me to the office of the General. Before I was ready to Lave the room, Gen. Schoepf himself appeared, and called me out. Fol lowing him to the head of the stairs, he halted, evidently desiring to speak with me in pri- vate. His object was to inform me of au order which he had just received from Washington, authorizing my release, on con- dition of taking the oath. I was surprised, and hurt, that the sug-g-estion should again be made. For a moment I was silent, scarcely knowing what to say. Recovering, somewhat, from my astonishment, but deeply moved, I inquired : "Why does .the Government wish to force me to do a thing so contrary to my conscience? I am acting in view of my ac- countability to God. I wish to have a right position on this subject, before my Maker at the judgment. I have made it DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 295 a matter of prayer, and have pondered it anxiously and with care." " You had better take the < ath," replied the General ; " there is no otiicr way for you to get off. For the sake of your family you ought to do it." " Why can't I be tent South?" I asked ; " surely there can be no goi d reason why this is not done. I have been a prisoner for more than seven months, and have no news to carry with me, that could injure the Federal cause. I am no politician. My object is to resume my legitimate work, as a minister of the Gospel. If I can't be sent South, then send me to Canada — anywhere, that I may be released from this prison. Or, let me be paroled to remain Nortli, until ex- changed. I am willing to pledge myself, as a gentleman, and as a Christian, to do nothing contrary to the terms of the parole. I have no disposition whatever to meddle with poli- tics. I Avant to be free — and with my family, to jjreach the Gospel." The General expressed himself kindly ; said it was not his fault ; asked me if I wished to take my family with me, in going South ; and mentioned Portsmouth, desiring, as I thought, to know whether I wished to go there. I told him, that I was satisfied he desired to befriend me; that I would like my family to accompany me ; but that I had no wish to go to Portsmouth, as most of my people were further South, and that the terrible rule at that ulace could not possibly better my condition. He rejoined, with evident sympathy, remarking that he would do what he could. The General then turned to leave ; and, instantly starting, as though a sudden thought had occurred to him : "Why," said he, "did you write that song about the flag?" I was amazed, and, for a moment, stood perfectly silent. How did he know that I had written the lines ? Refusing to 296 UNITED 'states bonds ; OR take the oath, what now must be my fate? I was relieved by the remark, that his attention liad been sptcially called to the matter; and that there were, then, three or four men at the fort, who had come over from Delaware City to remonstrate against my release. It w;xs evident that some spy had betrayed me ; and I could now readily account for the removal of juy parole. Indeed it Avas apparent, that the jirincijial object of the inter- view was to satisfy me, that he had been obliged to with- draw it. " You ought not to have circulated those lines," said the General — cautioning me, at the same time, in regard to any public expression of my political views. I had no time to explain, further than to assure him that they were circulated wholly without my own consent. This conversation with Gen. Shoepf gave me an unpleasant afternoon. I felt for a time that my fate was now sealed, and that I must remain for months longer at Fort Delaware. The subject of the oath came up anew, for revision. I asked myself, how far I ought to ^ o in resisting so great an outrage upon my feelin;^s and my manhood. Must I suffer stiil longer? Must I pernnt my dear family to enduro still greater trials? Must I hold out even unto death f If to take the oath of allegiance to the United States were sin, per sc, then I could have no difficulty; for I would die fir.st. But, might it not be my duty, for the sake of my family, to sacrifice my attachment to the South ? Could I not right- eously relinquish my Confederate loyalty, by an exchange of governments? To swear allegiance in one direction, and hold it in another, of course I never could ! No 1 I will endure to the last extremity. I cannot say that I will sacri- fice my life — because no priuci])le of religion requires that I should live North or South, or that I should be a subject of any designateel Government I may serve God, even under the despotism of Abraham Lincoln, even as Paul did under DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 297 the bloody tyranny of Nero. Then, as a quiet subject, I may live, and be useful; thaui2,h my privileges as a citizen may be greatly infringed, and my soul annoyed, by the iniquities of an unconstitutional and oppressive administra- tion. What is duty, under all the circumstances? Evidently, to be firm ; to endure to the last extremity, and then, " swearing to my own hurt, to change not" — but to submit, with an honest manifesto of my principles; and for the domestic com- fort of my wife and children, yield to my public misfortune. The reasonings of a troubled mind ! To whom shall I go, but unto Thee, O God ! During the seven montlis of my imprisonment, I have suffered much, both in mind and body ; but I can suffer more. It becomes me still longer to protest, by an example of un- wavering and determined opposition, to the dreadful wickedness of taking God's name in vain. I must show the world, that I have no symjDathy with the despotism that forces a man to swear against his conscience; and must be equally firm, in resisting the depravity, that would swear to do a thing which there is no purpose to do, but just the reverse. Nor am I ready yet, to put myself in an attitude, in which I shall be under a solemn obligation to take up arms against my oun sons, and other dear relatives and friends, who are con- tending in a cause, involving all they hold dear on earth. I cannot call God to witness, th?,t I will afford no aid, nor com- fort, to those who are either a part of my very self, or who are near to me by the ties of blood or of friendship, when they are engaged in a cause which, in my heart, I believe to be ri^jht. Good attendance at service, to-night. Read the 143d Psalm, and the occasion was unusually solemn. Wednesday, 2d. — Gen. Thompson is so much with us, and has so much to say, that his name must necessarily have 298 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR frequent mention on these pages. His singular views are constantly exciting my astonishment. He expressed himself, to-day, in regard to his estimate of human life in a manner that surprised me. "I had rather kill a man any time," said he, " than see him suifer. Let God do him justice. If he is not deserving of death, the Almighty, who is Avi-er than we, will reward him. If he is a bad man and deserved to die, the proper punishment will be meted out to him, if there be a hell." This morning the General got hold of a copy of Mcll- vaine's Evidences of Christianity, which was lying ujion my book-slielf. As breakfast was not quite ready, he spent fully half an hour reading very intently. At the call for breakfast he closed the book, and replacing it upon the shelf, exclaimed, " I wish I were a Christian." '' I am glad to hear you say so," said I. " But I shall never be," was his answer. "You cannot make yourself one," I rejoined; "bgat God can, and will, if you appeal to Him." " If I should ever become such," said he, " it will be from reading a book like this, and not by any public discussion or appeal. I must sit down in my own room and calmly think about it." Jeff, has had a conversation with Gen. Schoepf, about my posi- tion in regard to the oath. " He is conscientious about it," said the blunt soldier. " lie is acting from principle, and his case is very different from that of the 'boys,' who are willing to do anything to get away. Besides," he continued, '*Dr. Handy's case is peculiar. I am here comfortably enough, my salary is going on, and I shall certainly be exchanged in due time. He has no suc'.i provision in his behalf, and is subject to constant alternations of hope and disc -uragement. You had better write to the Government at once, and request them to send him south." The General says, that Schoepf expres-ed great sym- pathy, as he usually does, and thought the suggestion was a DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 299 wise one. I sincerely hope he may act upon it, and that the Governnieut may hear him, especially if I can take my family ■ with me. The conversations, to-day, have pretty well decided about the manner in which my Lines on the Old Flag fell into Gen. S..'hoej)f 's hands. Snyder asked me for a copy the day before he left, which I granted with reluctance, as the man has always been considered unsafe. I did so, however, fearing that a refusal might offend him, and make the matter worse. He immediately repaired to his room, and got G to copy them ; or perhajiS G prompted him to ask me for the original, to make (he copy for himself. Now the exposure lies between these two men. If S:;yd(T was a s[)y upon our company, as was generally believed, it might have been he. Or G him- self may have been the guilty person. As heretofore noted, he is the only man in the fort who has ever offered me an indignity ; and in the dispute which recently took place between us, he seemed vindictive. Some of our room-mates also heard him remark, that if I did not take care, he could make me suffer, as he had it in his power to expose me to the authorities. It is certain that one of these men has betrayed me; they are men of the same stamp — par nobile fratrum — ami they may have agreed together touching this thing. So far as I am now concerned, it is a matter of liLtle importance. I am only sorry, that we should have such men in nominal connection with the Southern cause. Had an animated discussion, to-night, with D on cer- tain theological topics, suggested by Victor Hugo, in Les Miser- ables. Found my antagonist disposed to accept what I regard as the author's learned nonsense about the infinite essence of God, and man as an atom of that essence. The views pre- sented on this subject, as connected with the duty of prayer, seem to me to be utterly foolish. But how strange it is, that men are willing to believe anything rather than the plain, simple, and delightful truths of God's Word. 300 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR Full one-half of our number are, noAv, habitually absenting theraselvts from prayers. The leaven of infidelity is stronger, at this time, than it has ever been before; but a faithful few adhere to the old routine, an;l seem to be refreshed by the services. The ground is still covered with snow. Tmo new cases of small-pox are reported lo-day. ]Major Hammond is still suf- fering from erysipelas; and others are complaining of cold, and sore throats Thursday, 2>d. — The reign of terror seems to have no abatement at Norfolk, and Portsmouth. The horrible cruel- ties inflict'd by Butler and his agents, upon respectable citi- zens, and even upon Christian ministers, exceed everything heretofore known among civilized pe iple. Thty have no regard for age, sex, or condition. Education, refinement, religion afford no protection whatever. On the other hand^ the more respectable tlie person, the higher his position in society, and the more earnest his piety, so much the more intent do they seem to bo in their fiendish purposes, and so mucli the more delight do they take in bringing such to degradation and suffering. The last item of this sort appears in the papers thi's week. The Rev. J. H. D. Wingfield, of Portsmouth, has been ordered, by Brig.-Gen, Wild, to be arrested, and turned over to Col. Sawtelle, to work fur three months, cleaning the streets of Norfolk, and Portsmouth, — this, " for being an avowed Secessionist, and taking every opportu- nity to disseminate his traitorous dogmas, to the annoyance of his loyal neighbors." What an outrage ! An humble minister of Jesus Christ; a refined and intelligent gentleman ; a man distinguished for reticence, and conservative in tlie best sen-e, is to be dressed in a sort of harlequin's suit, and as the companion of low and vulgar scavengers, is to be driven from his pulpit to scrape the streets — and all for u'Aa^ .^ Because he dares, like a man, to think for himself; because he has too DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 301 much honor, and Christian principle, to pretend to be what ho is not ; because as an ambassador of Jesus Christ, he pre- sumed to give an example of firmness, before the eyes of a terror-strick' n, and down-trodden community. The case of Mr. Wingfield is not an isolated one. The Rev. G. M. Bain, for many years a faithful minister of the Gospel, and Mr. W. H. H. Hodges, a well-known and excel- lent citizen, have also been sentenced — the former to im- prisonment and hard labor ; and the other, with a four-pound ball attached to his leg, and to be fed upon bread and water — ■ because of their unwillingness to divulge certain l>ank secrets, a knowledge of which would advance the interests of " Beast " Butler, and his minions. Both of these gentlemen have always had the respect, and confidence of the community in which they live. The indignity offered them, in this des- potic sentence, cannot bo ■ expressed in word^. But, is it an indignity? To clem streets, and wear a ball and chain, under such circumstances, is their highest honor. Who will tliink the less of them? They are martyrs in a righteous cau-e; their brethren of the South will but revere them more j their children will praise them, when they are dead, and impartial history will give them a page gilded with glory. Jeif. Thompson is amusing himself upon an autobiography. To-day he interested me, with some of his sketches, as he has panned them for the press. The book will b^ worth reading, and I shall be glad to see it early in print. Five hundred Confederate prisoners, from Camp Chase, were brought to the fort last night, and assigned to quarters at liic barracks. A letter from my wife shows great distress of mind, on account c.f the delay about my release. I feel much for her. The prospect seems dark,, indeed — adverse influences are at work. My imprisonment may continue for months longer. I pray God to give me strength for any event before me. My d ar fa:nilv I commend to Him. 302 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Friday, 4th. — Early this morning, Major Hammond was informed of the death of a brother-in-law at the barracks. The circumstances of his sickne-s and death were not stated. He was captured at the battle of Gettysburg, and has been a prisoner at this place ever since ; but the Mujor had never been allowed to visit him, and the two men knew as little of each other, as if they had beeu a hundred miles apart. Grady was called down to Capt. Ahl's office, to assist in making out a duplicate roll of the prisoners from Camp Chase; and came back at ten o'clock, quite sick. He is still much in- disposed. To-day he received a letter from Baltimore, indi- cating a disposition on the part of " the . Commission '' to recommend him for release, upon condition of his remaining in Maryland, during the war, and giving no aid nor comfort to the enemies of the United States. In consequence of his poor health, he will be likely to accept the terms. He has suffered much lately, on account of the death of a younger brother, belonging to the 12th Ya. Cavalry, of which he had been kept in ignorance for several months, by his mother and friends, who feared the effect of the intelligence upon the health of the prisoner. We have had another arrival of five hundred prisoners from Camp Chase. They are mostly connected with Long- street's army. Jeff. Thompson, who saw them this morning, says they look very badly. I hope the poor fellows will soon recruit, and be exchanged. The gambling appears, now, to be almost wholly confined to one room — No. 1. There are six occupants, several of whom spend hours, and sometimes the whole day, in this vicious amusement. Others visit the room, and join in play. The practice is so unpleasant to me, that I seldom go into that room — wishing to discourage in every way so great an evil. Lieut. McConnel informed me, this morning, that there is no order about putting out our lights. This has created some sur- prise, as we have, at times, been greatly annoyed by sentinels DtTEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 303 giving abrupt orders, and extinguishing the candles in the midst of important writing. Our room is be oming quite a place of evening resort. Rasin, Maynadier, De La Mar, Long, Drummoud, and others, Avho are great talkers, always have some subject for debate on hand, and sometimes the discussions become exceedingly ani- mated. All the affairs of the country are talked over. Ap- pointments, resignations, qualifications, feats, campaigns, suc- cesses, and defeats, are examined and settled. To-night we had a fierce discussion in re^^ard to President Davis's reported ap- pointment of Gen. Bragg as Commander-in-Chief of the Con- federate forces. A majority condemned the act, censuring the President's persistency. Major Rasin, who took tlie side of Mr. Davis, became quite wrathy, and gave some of our younger men several severe ra about disparaging the officers of the Soutli. Capt. Daniels has received a letter from a friend in Phila- delphia, who writes to him about money matters, informing him that some one has been borrowing h's (the Captain's) name, and addres-ing him from the Fort, with an evident under- standing: of his affairs. As ia the letters to Rev. Mr. McCown, in which niy name was used without authority, the object has been to extort money. Who is the guilty man ? Is he some official about the Fort; or a prisoner, and one of our own number ? Poor attendance at worship. Eleven o'clock ; my fire out ; a bad olor risrs from the moat; Brogdeu and Richardson visitir.g ; Tibbetts in bed. Saturday/, hih. — We are again beginning to be troubled with the bed-bug=!. Whenever it gets a little warmer than usual, they are almost as numerous and active as in summer- time. La-t night they came out upon us wil.h a furious attack. Bringing a light, the board immediately over my head was f und to be literally covered with the filthy vermin. 304 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE They fell down iij^on us so thickly, that Tibbetts movorl his bed to the floor. I tried to stand them, but had a hard time of it. Basil W. Duke, a Colonel in Morgan's cavalry, was brought to the Island this morning. Ho his been a prisoner at tlie Ohio Penitentiary, and was one of those who were compelled to undergo the shaving operation by order of Gen. Burnside. He is a young man of about thirty years, very gentlemanly in his manners, and fluent in conversation. His ancestors were from Maryland, but he was born in Kentucky, and has been a la\vyer in St. Louis. This distinguished officer is of light frame, about five feet ten inches in height, of dark complexion, and wears a brown goatee and light moustache. He has a small, keen, chestnut eye, })leasing fic^, and good teeth. His foreliead, which is low, is overhung with heavy eye-brows. He lias been three times wounded in the service of his country. C(d. Duke gave us a very interesting account of Morgan's escape from the Ohio Penitentiary. Pie verifies all that has been said concerning the shavina: of Mors-an and his officers — except that their heads were barbered with scissors instead of with the razor, the hair being cut very close to the scalp. The entire corps of seventy officers were compelled to' lose their whiskers and moustaches ; some of them after the operation, looking as th^iugh they had just recovered from severe sickness. The fchaving and clipping did not annoy them half so much as the scrubbing to Avh'ch they were oblige d to submit, at t'le hands of the nt'gro operators, D dee says he tried to beg off, as he had recently given himself a good bath. Ho was inf )rme!l, that it was a necessary sanitary arrangement, and was obliged to yield. I was glad to hear hira say, that he disapproves of retaliatory measures, except to inflict a similar punishment on those who have been immediately concerned in t':e work. He siys, that the influence of the cruelties inflicted by the Yankees has resulted, not so much in a purpose to retaliate upon the pris- oners in charrre, as to arouse a firm resolve to t:d<:e as few prisoners as possible. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 305 Duke has been granted a parole of the Island on the same terms with Gen. Thompson, and has been assigned to quarters in the same room with him in the Fort-yard — and JeiF.'s orderly has been remanded to the barracks. Was much interested with a narrative of adventure, related to-night by Welsh, who was a sergeant under Ashby in the 7th Virginia Cavalry. Whilst at home in Hampshire county, Va., with a detail of seven men, endeavoring to procure a lot of horses, he captured five Yankees, including a lieutenant and surgeon, and started with them for ]\Ioorfield, a distance of many miles, travelling through the woods for four or five days and nights until within sixteen miles of the place, when, finding himself in special danger, and the prisoners fatigued, he paroled them, not to take up arms until exchanged. The men were all Pennsylvanians, cheerfully accepted the parole, and are known to have faithfully kept it. They had with them large rolls of money and fine watches, which they were allowed to keep, but their papers were destroyed. Two horses,, five revolvers, five sabres, and three Sharp's rifles were secured,, which, with the parole of three men and two commissioned, officers, made it a good thing as a private exploit. My wife writes an encouraging letter, expressing the hope that I will be released in about ten days. Gen. Lockwood has requested Dr. Stewart, of Port Penn, to give a statement of the facts in regard to my arrest and imprisonment, which he has been active in collecting, and has already forwarded. I am encouraged to know, at least, that the c:;se is not decided. Worship as usual. A cloudy and rainy day. Boisterous conversation in the rooms at this hour, half-past nine o'clock. Hard work to pen these notes. Sabbath, Qth. — Got up late. Suffering with a severe rheum- atism in the neck and shoulders. Called in " Doctor Shanks," and had a good coating of iodine applied. Spent much time in my bunk, reading religious papers. No opportunity for 20 306 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR service until night. A number of persons coming into our room before dinner, noisy conversation ensued, which I greatly regretted, as a criminal violation of tlie Sabbath. Gen. Schoepf and Capt. Ahl visited our quarters, before breakfast, in search of De La Mar, to inform him of an order for his temporary release on parole, to visit his wife, who is reported to be ill in Wilmington. He was to leave at three o'clock in the afternoon, but in consequence of some misunder- standing about the source of the order, he will not be allowed to leave until a telegram can be received from Gen. Lockwood, to-morrow. He has heard, however, that liis wife is better. The yellow framed building immediately in front of our quarters, occupied by Company Q, took fire this afternoon, and for about fifteen minutes created an intense excitement. Smoke and flames could be distinctly seen through an upper window of the building, and it was thought it must certainly be burned to the ground. Great confusion prevailed. In a very short time, the three hundred convicts had everything out of the house, and the yard was covered with bedding, and all sorts of trumpery. A ladder was thrown up on the gable- end, and a number of men ascended to the roof; buckets were plunged into the cisterns, and the fun (as many considered it) was scon stopped. Had there been much Avind, it is probable that we would have had a general conflagration. As it is, the house is saved with little damage, and all are again in their old quarters. Two men were caught, day before yesterday, who had planned an escape from the hospital. They had managed, by means of materials jiroeured from the church, (which is now going up on the Island,) and articles sent them by friends on the other side of tl.e river, to construct a rude boat, which they concealed during the weeks of its building, beneath the floor of the hospital. A few days ago the last screw was put in the little craft (for no sound of hammer and nails was heard in the building), and every chink caulked with white lead, pro- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 307 cured through the "underground railroad." On the same night the boat was launched, and ihe owners actually made a trial trip of fifty yards, and then fooli&hly returned to the Island, for a little property which they had left behind, intend- ing to make their escape on the following night. The boat was restored to its hiding-place ; but before the next night, some spy who had witnessed its return, reported the matter to the authorities, and its owners, with their handiwork, were brought before Gen. Schoepf for examination. The General was much pleased with the skill displayed in the manufacture of the boat, and had it placed, as a curiosity, in his office. After an amus- ing dialogue between the " Rebs " and the Commandant, the formei* were ordered back to the barracks, instead of to the hospital, where they had been playing " convalescent." Lectured to-night in No. 2, on " growth in grace." Con- gregation small. Monday, 7th. — The fire of last night was the work of an incendiary belonging to Company Q. It was put out by the efforts of a single man — the others manifesting little anxiety about the result. The authorities were considerably alarmed, supposing it might be a signal for insurrection on the part of the convicts. Four hundred "Rebs" were ordered up from the barracks to assist in putting out the flames, but the fire was extinguished before they reached the scene of excitement. I am surprised at the error, scepticism, and infidelity, which are still being developed around me. Every day I find myself assailed, if not from some new quarter, yet with some new objection — or rather with some old argument of Paine, Hume, or Gibbon rehashed, and urged with as much confidence as if it had not been answered a thousand times. Young R is one of the most urgent opposers of Truth in these quarters. He professes to object, not for the sake of ca- villing, but as an inquirer after truth. But he rejects everything beyond the existence of some unknown governing power. He 308 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR is incredulous on the subject of a future state; is entirely un- satisfied as to the authenticity of the Scriptures ; regards the idea of prophetic teachings as absurd ; blames God for his existence ; and contends fiercely against the obligations of duty as laid down in the Sacred Volume. He admits that he is not happy, and never has been. The Christian religion appears to him so absurd and ridiculous, that he has little patience in talking about it, and in conversation (though trying to be gentlemanly) often shows temper. He is a young man of only twenty-six years of age, of good natural mind, fluent and expressive in his language, and of considerable reading ; but rather confident of his own opinions, and extreme in his pre- judices. Should he ever be brought to the knowledge of the truth, he will no doubt be a stable Christian, and a valuable man in the Church. His mind has evidently been arrested, and to-day, from curiosity or from some other cause, he has been diligently reading Baxter's '^ Napoleon, the Anti-Christ of Scripture." Whatever i^ay be the eccentricities of the book, he will find enough in it to make him a better man, if it is pondered with candor and docility of mind. I feel deeply interested in this young sceptic, and pray God to help him in the search for true wisdom. I have heard two men say to-day, that they have no fear of death. Neither of them were Christians. One of them — and he was no other than Gen. Thompson — allirmed that he and his old horse had, as he supposed, just about the same feeling on the subject. He admitted, Iiowever, that he had done many things worthy of punishment, and that he ex- pected to be punished. His evident impression, though not expressed in the conversation, is that the chastisement for sin will be chiefly in this world. J n, the other person alluded to, whilst admitting many shortcomings, and some very improper overt acts, is confident of God's mercy, because of his general good intentions. Of some of his benevolent acts lie o-ave me an account, and I believe him to be a kind-hearted DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 309 and charitable man ; but what delusion, to rest one's hopes of eternal life' upon such shadows as these ! I think both of these men were greatly surprised when I assured them, that whilst I have generally had credit for firmness, and bravery among those who know me best, I have never seen the day that I did not tremble at the idea of meeting a just and holy God. Major Rasin has received a letter from his son, in which he says that Gen. Lockwood had refused to allow him to visit Fort Delaware to see his father, whom he supposed to be ill. The General told him that he had no authority to grant the permit. He also informed young E-asin he would himself visit Fort Delaware in a few days, and would see his father. What is the object of thi^ visit? Will there be another ex- amination of prisoners ? Found it necessary to make an application of iodine to my nose, to check some appearance of erysipelas. Shanks, who seems to have peculiar pleasure in painting the faces of his fellow-prisoners, was delighted with the idea of getting the job. He has suffered a good deal himself of late, and was obliged to yield to the popular remedy. Hence, like the fox who lost his tail, he would persuade others to adopt the fashion. Johnson, who has been my barber for months past, commiserating my condition, and- with more benevolent motives perhaps (or at least with less mischievous intent), was equally anxious to officiate in jjainting my nose; and quite an altercation took place, on the question of priority of right — Shanks as our prison doctor, and Johnson as my per- sonal tonsor. The latter being the less waggish of the two, I submitted to him, but not without a glass in my hand, as I preferred to direct the operation. He, also, gave my neck and shoulders a good coating of the specific, and I went to bed, really feeling that I would be much better, in the morning, both of erysipelas and rheumatism. Services in No. 2. Only eight persons in attendance. 310 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Tuesday, Sth. — Felt unusually well to-day, both in body and mind. Feeling so much better than usual, concluded to devote the morning to the wash-tub; and I am really so well pleased, both with the progress ana result of my labor, that I must make a full record of the matter. I have succeeded in getting out as nice and clean a set of garment-!, as usually come from under the hands of any of our prison adepts. The articles thus washed, and dried, and ready for use, are two night-shirts, one undershirt, two pairs of stockings, two pocket handkerchiefs, six cravats, and one towel. Beat that, my five sons and four daughters, if you can ! De La Mar has been, again, disappointed in getting off on parole, to vi^it his sick wife. There has been a great deal of official " backing and filling " about this matter, which it is difficult to understand. I hope the anxious husband will not be made miserable by a final disappointment. Had an animated debate, this morning, in No. 2, on the question whether the heathen are to be finally saved. Con- tended earnestly for the orthodox view ; and was obliged to an- nounce the teachings of inspiration, with more than usual emphasis, against some who ridicule the doctrines of tlie Bible on this subject, and sit with pride as judges of the conduct of the Almighty. On Scripture grounds they were obliged to yield the point; but the injustice of God was vehemently urged, if the heathen are lost. Several unpleasant altercations have lately taken place in some of the rooms. In one instance, blows were inflicted by a rough and ignorant fallow, upon one of the most sensitive men, who, in this instance, was surely not to blame. AVhiskey has much to do wdth these troubles. Some of our sceptics, are diligently reading certain good books, which I have loaned them, but I fear only to seek oc- casion for cavil. Attention, however, has certainly been arrested, and good may result. Thompson and Duke have gone to housekeeping fjr them- DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 311 selves. They occupy Col. Waring's old room, in the fort-yartl, and are allowed to draw their rations without going to the coiumon table. Bay ley Peyton Key, a lad of sixteen years, belonging to a Tennessee regiment, is acting as orderly for the two officers. This boy is the only person, save one, of his entire company who has not taken the oath of allegiance to the Yankee Government. Among those who have thus proved recreant to the cause, are his two brothers. In reply to a letter from his mother, urging him to follow the example of his brothers, the lad wrote that he would *' die first." He is an intelligent youth, and a hero of many battles. Wednesday, dth. — Last night, a new order of things was instituted among the sentinels. All night long they were calling the hour, and announcing, ''Post No. 1, or 2," &c., and crying "all's well!" Either because it was a new thing, or because th(y wished to bring it into disrepute, they did not confine themselves to the regular intervalsof half an hour; but, to those of us who were sighing for slerp, the call seemed to be repeated about every ten minutes; and what made the matter w^orse, was the barbarous screaming of several of the Dutchmen, Avho, at the top of their voices, preferred to cry, "All's better as good ! " or something like the gibberish " All's slant," — meaning, I suppose, that the post was vigilant. Here- tofore, this system has been wholly repudiated at Fort Dela- ware. Other changes have been recently adopted, such as calling the roll of Company Q, three times a day, instead of twice, as formerly; and then causing each man, as his name is called, to move out of the line, and make his way to the kitchen for his bread and soup. The political prisoners are now allowed to bring their coffee and soup up-staiis, and to use it in their rooms, if they prefer to do so. Heretofore, this has been against the rule, and many a poor fellow has missed a meal, rather than stand up at the rough and uninviting table, on the lower floor. 312 UNITED Sl'ATES BONDS; OR Soon after breakfast this morning, Jones and Taylor were ordered to pack up, and make their way immediately to t!ie General's office. It was soon ascertained, that an order had been received for their release or removal. Jones, Avho is a very firm and decided soldier, refused to take the oath, and was sent to the barracks, where, I suppose, he will remain until exchanged. Taylor took the oath of amnesty, and re- turned to his quarters, to wait the departure of the Osceola, at three o'clock. It is said, that had he understood the alterna- tive, he would have followed J^nes, and gone to the barracks. He left for his home in Loudon Co., Va., at the appointed hour, after an imprisonment of many months. The poor man went away almost penniless. Another trouble occurred this morning in No. 6. One of the contending parties was a most estimable and quiet man, who regretted the occurrence exceedingly, fearing that as a Christian he had gone too far. The other party has made himself very obnoxious to all his room-mates, on account of his pedantic and disputatious spirit. This is the second time that he has narrowly escaped a severe drubbing. Grady is quite sick, and Brogden has gone to sit up with him. On account of his illness, we could only have a prayer at worship to-night, as our services are held in his room. Thursday, 10th. — About two hundred soldiers of the 5th Md. Regiment came to the island at about 12 o'clock last night, and marched to their quarters, to the music of a band. This morning, a company of newly-enlisted men, belonging to Schley's regiment of Maryland ers, left for parts unknown. Before dinner, a large transjDort anchored in the river, between Delaware City and the fort, and delivered sixty " Rebs " on board the Osceola. They were soon landed, and marched to the barracks. I have this day had access to a letter addressed to my son, by my estimable friend. Prof. N. B. Webster, late of the Vir- DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 313 ginia Collegiate Iiiotitiite, at Portsmouth. He is now living in Ottawa City, Canada — a refugee from the terrors and per- secutions of his old home. I thank my friend for his words of sympathy. Tears came to my eyes as I read his kind and encouraging pages; and I felt the more determined, if possible, to stand fast. This is the first word of sympathy that has come to me in the handwriting of any of my male friends, during this long and tiresome imprisonment. The good man invites me to join him in Canada, and offers to share with me his last potato.^ Although a native of a New England State, he has had experience at the South to understand her position, and her trials, and to be indignant at the cruel and unfeeling oppression, which for opinion's sake, has made me a prisoner within the walls of this fort. I hope our lives may be spared, to rejoin each other in our own happy homes at no very dis- tant day, among our loved ones, and in the performance of our accustomed duties at the South. De La Mar has at last secured his release. He left this afternoon, having scarcely time, after the order came, to say good-bye to the unfortunate ones whom he left behind. There is universal joy that he is out of prison. He has suffered more from his peculiar temperament, and from the specialties of his case, than a majority of those around him. I wish him well. R has spent the whole evening in reading the Scrip- tures, and is now about to retire, after finishing the Book of Job. He has offered no criticisms, and may be led by a way he knows not. Friday, Wth. — The music at reveille, this morning, was ex- cellent, and I enjoyed it very much. The band belonging to the newly-arrived regiment has taken its station outside of the fort, and in front of the sally-port. There are few evils 1" If your father can only get here, I wiU share my last potato with him, and feel honored to have with me a moral hero, who. If he had lived some cen- turies ago, would have been one of the glorious company of martyrs." 314 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB, unmixed with good. So in our tedious imprisonment, sepa- rated from so many things that render life pleasant, the sound of occasional music has a salutary and comforting influence. The steam-pump has been operating in the moat during the entire week, and the \vater is again nearly all removed. The object, this time, is to cement the bottom — a very impor- tant and useful arrangement. But we are beginning to suifer, as heretofore, from the offensive stench. In a day or two, with a few hot suns upon the ordure, which has rapidly accumulated and is more exposed since the pumping process, we shall not be able to stand it. Since the release of so many of our number, wo have a remarkably calm and quiet time. Of those W'ho remain, several occupy themselves in reading ; others are busy with their ring-making ; and I regret to say, many still adhere to keno, and other games at cards. Sometimes I am left entirely alone in my room ; at other time-, Richardson and myself are the only occupants, when we have a very cosy time in such studies as we may prefer. Grady has just been informed of his release, on parole, to remain in Maryland during the war. His health is poor, and this perhaps is the best thing he can do. He has been very firm in refusing to take the oath — his heroic mother encour- aging him with her intelligent and feeling letters. He will leave either to-night, or to-morrow morning. The prisoners are greatly encouraged by the Confederate successes in all parts of the South. Only six at worship. Saturday, 12th. — The papers announce the Imprisonment of the Rev. Dr. Armstrong, of Norfolk. Ha is to be shut up at Fort Hatteras, for alleged Southern sympathies. Some time ago he took the oath of allegiance to the United States Govern- ment, and encouraged others to do the same, on the principle of submission to a conquering foe, as in the case of an army DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 315 which has surrendered to a superior force. I have no doubt that this good brother has faithfully adhered to all that he considered implied in his obligation. But this does not seem to be enough. A man must think and feel with the Adminis- tration, right or wrong. He must have no opposition of heart, however wicked it may seem to him to be. He has no right to any views, but those presciibed by the Administration, however corrupt. And in carrying out this purpose, an inqui- sition must be instituted, to look into the secret soul of every man, or at least of every prominent man in the community. There must be not only no " evasion," but no explanation, no honorable statement of the true position. The Commission who are to make this investigation, are to decide not by what a man does, or even by what he says, but by virtue of their own perception in the case ; and if in their opinion the poor man is " unsound," he must be thrown into prison, or put to work on the streets. The inquisition has commenced its work. What next ? '" Gather not my soul, oh God, with sinners, nor my life with bloody men, in whose hands is mischief, and their ri^ht hand is full of bribes." Dr. Armstrong: has been kindly supplying my pulpit during my long absence from the people of my charge. Now that he is removed, I presume Gen. Butler, or Gen. Wild will install some divine more con- genial to the " free North." If Christ be preached, even though it be through contention, then souls may be saved, and I shall be satisfied, patiently " biding the time," till the providence of God shall reinstate me among my waiting people. Maj. Hammond has had a great treat to-day, in a visit from his wife and brother. They come, it is true, under painful circumstances ; but after a separation of more than two years, their joy must have been great. Mrs. II is a sister of the young man who died a few days ago at the barracks, and whose case was referred to in these pages. Mr. Worthington, of Frederick county, Md., is also of the party. He has a son who is a prisoner on the Island, and who has been suffering a 316 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK long and painful illness, but is now convalescent. One object of this visit is to remove the body of the young Confederate (whose death has been recorded), for reinterment among his friends. The party will remain several days in the vicinity, and have permission to cross the river at will. Gen. Sehoepf has extended to Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke, an invitation to visit the hospitals and barracks. They have taken the rounds, to-day, but the engagement on the part of Sehoepf was not fulfilled, perhaps from a press of business. These officers of opposing armies spent an hour together this morning, as they have dene several times before, and they seem to be mutually well pleased. It is the opinion of the Confed- erates that Gen. Sehoepf is disposed to make them comfortable, just so far as he may be allowed. I can add my own testimony here. But the General has many eyes upon him, and a num- ber around who are ready to report at Washington any undue leniency. Hence he is obliged to be cautious, and sometimes has the appearance of severity, when he does not mean it. Sehoepf says, he had to sit up all night not long since, to "prevent tlie guards from shooting Rebels, who were trying to make their escape ! " There is a report now circulating, that the General is shortly to be removed. Some of his brother officers may desire a change ; but the prisoners generally would be averse to the measure. Some officious persons have written to Gen. Sehoepf, from Philadelphia, stating that they heard Col. Duke say at the Continental Hotel, that he intended to stir up a revolt at the Fort. The Colonel is a man of too much good sense to jjublish his plans before their initiation. The object of the " canard " is to get him into close confinement, or in some other way to restrict his privileges. Such letters are frequently received by our officials, often I am sure to their disgust, and some- times to the great annoyance of the prisoners. It has been intimated, that several such letters have been received, with a view even to my own greatir suffering. The embargo upon my wife's visit is probably due to this pretentious loyalty. DUKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 317 Billy Baxley, who has been acting for months as an orderly to Dr. Silliman, and who has been accustomed to visit the interior of the fort, with messages, and reports from the hos- pitals, is forbidden in future to enter the sally-port. He is a sprightly youth, very firm in his Southern principles, and may be suspected of mischief, in communicating between the Con- federate officers, and the men at the barracks. All this is very unnecessary, however, as Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke are punctiliously exact in the honor of their paroles. The attendance at prayers, this evening, was confined to the few professors of religion in our company, with two others. Sabbath, ISth. — An unusual scene occurred last night in No. 1. J , who had been imbibing rather freely, and who at times is subject to fits, had three several paroxysms ; and in each spasm, made fearful demonstrations upon his room- mates, and was well nigh killing himself, by leaping out of the window upon the pavement below. It required the united strength of three or four men to hold him on the floor, until his rage was quelled. The noise occasioned by the melee was sufficiently great to attract the attention of the Provost Mar- shal, who came up, with Capt. Mulotowski and an armed soldier, to quell the disturbance, or take the offender to the guard-house. Their efforts, of course, were as unsuccessful as those of his ununiformed associates. After a while, a good dose of salt water, given as an emetic, had a fine effect, and the poor fellow was sufficiently restored to be willing to lie down. Through the remainder of the night, he continued quiet, and to-day he has slept nearly the whole time. J is a wig maker and barber. He is an English- man by birth, but has lived from childhood in the State of New York. Early in the war he was offered a captaincy in the Federal service, which he refused, and was consequently banished from his father's house. He was subsequently invited to return; and his father, discovering that he acted 318 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR from principle, and opposed the aggression upon the South, was reconciled. He afterwards accompanied a Yankee regi- ment to Virginia, in the capacity of a barber, and in a short time laid up several hundred dollars in greenbacks. He was arrested in the neighborhood of Suffolk, Va., as a " suspicious character," and was confined for a time at Fort Norfolk. He was subsequently brought to this place, and has been here several months. He seems to be a true Southern man, and is very kind-hearted and liberal to any around him who are in need. We continue to have no appointments for morning service on the Sabbath. It is still too cold to meet in the hull, and some have an aversion to going into the rooms, for general meeting. A spirit of indifference is also sadly prevalent. Under all the circumstances, I prefer to wait for special invi- tations ; hence we shall probably confine ourselves, fur some time, to the evening worship. Had an attentive little audience, at the usual hour in the evening. Spent the day in reading. The weather a little cloudy, with the first muttering thunder of Spring. Monday, \UK. — Awoke with a severe rheumatism in my neck and shoulders. Had our usual daily visit from the Rebel officers, Duke and Thompson, who entertained us, in their accustomed style, with anecdotes and narratives of battles and hair-breadth escapes. The two men are alike, yet very unlike. Both are adventurous and fond of soldier life ; both are great talkers ; and both are brave and dashing men. Thompson is an indefatigable scribbler, writing to everybody he has ever seen or heard of. Duke, on the other hand, hates to touch a pen. Thompson's education (and it is not an imperfect one) has been picked up, here, there, and everywhere, in his contact with men. Dnko, also, though still a young man, has seen much, and has DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 319 made corresponding improvement — adding thereto a culti- vated mind, and valuable attainments in general literature. He has read much, both In history and romance, and without ostentation, exhibits considerable knowledge of the classics. Thompson would be called egotistical by many, but he speaks of himself with such good humor, and naivete, that it is by no means disagreeable. Duke is naturally a very modest man, and seldom refers to himself, except when drawn out by others. Both are free-thinkers in religion, and perhaps deists.^ They both have a warm side for the Roman Catholic Church. Both repudiate the general teachings of the Bible — Thompson more radically, but with less learning ; Duke with more read- ing, and show of reason, evincing at the same time a degree of caution, and a pleasant regard for the opinions and argu- ments of those who see not as he does. Waited anxiously the arrival of the mail, hoping to hear something favorable in relation to my deliverance from prison. A letter came, but only to disappoint and annoy me the more. Enemies and spies have been pressing me hard. The first are determined that I shall suffer longer ; the latter are endeavor- ing to establish themselves, whatever may be the fate of others. j Office of the Commission Respecting State Prisoners \ Confined at Forts Delaware and McHenry. Rev. I. W. K. Handy, D. D.: Sir: — Since our last interview at Fort Delaware, we have learned from other persons — -prisoners with yourself, and citi- zens — that while at Portsmouth, and since the war, you were frequently employed in making up packages of letters from that place, to be forwarded beyond the lines of the armies of the United States. Secondly, that since your confinement, your influence has been exerted to prevent o'.her persons confined at Fort Dela- ware from returning to their allegiance to the Government — encouraging them to attempt escape, rather than exemplify their loyal intentions by an oath of allegiance. 1 These officers never avowed themselves to be Deists— hencQ the possibility of error In the use of this word. 320 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Thirdly, that while at Portsmouth, and since in Delaware, prior to your arrest, you had used your influence as a minister of the Gospel, to encourage and incite feelings hostile to the United States. Your answer, as categorical as may be, in explanation, or denial of these statements, we should be obliged to you for — at your earliest convenience. Yours, i ; So many of *our number are now takii^g their meals in the rooms, that the table is no lpi:tger set beilow stairs. The following lines, written by Col. Duke M'hilsta prisoner in the Ohio Penitentiary, are .inserted hef,e ,as hi^torig{il, fltjid worth preserving : i-ir; ■' i, ; • ■ : THE CAPTIVE'S DREAM. At midnight, ^n iiis gratedcell/ Blight visions to tlie captive came, And o'er lils spirits sank a spell, • ' ' As potent as the magic flame In which the wrapt disciple reads The future's unaccomplished deeds. ^ • ■ He dreams his turn of stay is done, His dungeon's door is open thrown, And the sterii warder bids him go ; ' : •', Forth from these walls of crime and woe; He dreams that 'J etr at Inst relents— '"'• '' To slacken up, and straight consents ; And by some apt negotiation Redeems him from the Yankee Nation. DTJRESS BY FEDEKAL AtTT^OEITY. 3"2S Then, thick npoit the captives soul "' ' - Auticipaled glories roll • , ,. Beneath him proudj the charger springs— Defiaully liis bugle rings; , i Again iu battle's siein parade He sees the eager ranks arrayed ; Again, in triumph &qd jn pride, • ■ Kentucky sees the squadron ride, And every hoTse in Indiatia ■ Is pressed to follow Morgan's banner. But hark ! he starts ! he wakes ! what sound Has slill'd lii^ hep,rl'simpetuouS(bound? / >'. r What awful sound, with horror rife, Has backward turned the tid^ of life? ' •'■'■'■ Upon his wakened h;earing jars > : .; 1 The clash of those detested bars; He hears his jailoii*'.s sulleli'tond Which makes King Meriou's' mandate known, And bid"! him straight away prepare To lose his cherished beard and hain . Great God ! no hope ! must he resign His youth's f;iir'pridev his manhood's sign? ' Ah, not that rebel chief who fell , y. ■ From heaven's high battleirients to' hell, Felt degradation more forlorn,!' ' > . ' Or knew his honors closer shorn I , . What cheers the Wretched culprit now-"? — What drives the shadow from his bi'ow ? — ■ ■, ] His bosom, once with courage thrilled, Is now " chock up "(With sawsages filled ; And he who once the battle led. Attacks naught else but gingerbread. I can no more|! Alas. J piy theme ;. Is now aught else but passing dream 1 '11 .',..■.■' I ■ ■ Thursday, 17th. — "St. Patriek'sdaym the morning" fonnd the inmates of No. 6 all in bed, until' after nine o'clock; and' though this was the finest day we' have had for a long timej' the breakfast table was not removed ^ until hear the merid atf ' Too bad ! but there is some' excuse in the fact', that mbfet of us' were up until two o'clock last night. Night seems to be the best time to use the pen, at this pi^ie. Ofteb, until nihe or ten o'clock there is so much chattering and confusion,'th'at nothing can be accomplished. Midnight, with its silence, is the' effective J r. ;;v r4—. -i-' ■->— ^— ^ ' IMerion, the keeper of the penitentiary. 324 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR period. Brogden, Richardson, and Tibbetts, each seemed to have some special writing on hand last night, I was in bed long before them, but was equally indulgent of myself this morning. Having no inclination to play the amateur at fire- making, while the others slept I mused ; and we all came out of our bunks at the same time, with good appetites for the morning meal. The report in regard to the contemplated removal of Gen. Schoepf proves to be a hoax ; a change, however, has been naade in the Department, which separates Fort Delaware from the Middle District, under Gen. Lockwood, and gives Gen. Schoepf supreme command, subject only to the Secretary of War. Received a letter from Gibson, written at the request of Col. Waring, asking whether he should secure, in my behalf, the influence of Judge Goldsborough, Hon. J. F. Dent, and other distinguished Marylanders. Replied at once, that I would be glad to have any help they might choose to give me. As men of influence, I have no doubt they can do me impor- tant service. Dent was a schoolmate at Charlotte Hall, in St. Mary's, where I spent three years of my life. Judge Goldsborough knew me, a schoolboy at Cambridge, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Mrs. Benj. Caulk, of Newark, Del., sends me word, that she has forwarded to Capt. Ahl, for my own use, a box of edibles. She writes kindly, and with pleasant sympathy. Such instances of remembrance by our friends, have an encour- aging and happy influence, and give new strength for days to come. Mrs. C. sends several other boxes to the prisoners at the barracks, in which she has been assisted by the benevolent ladies of Newark. A good deal of imposition has been practised by some of the meaner sort of "Rebs," on the sympathizers at the North. Having been here long enough to learn the best chann< Is of supply, applications have been repeatedly made, in behalf of DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 325 pretended needy ones ; and abundant supplies have been sent, not to be distributed, but to be appropriated hy rascals, who have sold and speculated greatly to their own fraudulent gain. A good for nothing fellow was very nicely caught, a few days ago, in the presence of Major Hammond, who was occupying one of the offices for a short time during the visit of his wife. A fine box of clothing had come to his address, and he had been ordered up from the barracks to receive it. The rogue being very well dressed, the officer inquired, why he had written for more clo.hing. After stammering, and hesitating a good deal, he proved himself to be quite as silly as wicked. At length he replied, — "Well, I've been thinking 'bout 'tempting to 'scape, and wanted the clothes; but they caught some fellows trying to get off t'other day, and I've give it up now." Where did that man come from ? Why has he not been galvanized long ago ? Well, he lost the box ; and as the officer told him he would settle with him farther about the matter, I presume he has by this time received his deserts. Great joy is experienced among the prisoners, at the idea of a speedy exchange. The papers are eagerly examined, to find the most trifling allusions to the subject; and any letter, referring encouragingly to the prospect, brings new life into every heart. To-day, about 500 men arrived from Camp Chase, to be removed shortly, as is supposed, to City Point. Some ten or fifteen of this number were wounded convalescents. It was an affecting sight, to. see these poor fellows, as they hobbled along with canes or crutches, on their way to the hos- pital. Preparations have been made for the reception of sev- eral hundred officers from Johnson's Island, so that before the week is out, we shall probably have an exciting time. The Dutch battery, quartered near us under the same roof, are having a grand time, with their nightly jigs and break- downs. Soon after dark the violin commences, and we can distinctly hear the music and stamping, even long after taps. 3j^6 UlflTED STATES BONDS ; OR "Inhere seepis uqw to be PiO prder, requiring the soldiers inside jt^ie Jfort to retire, earlj., ., A? I, write, the tramping and fiddling —and, now and then, the calls of, tlie leader — can be distinctly- heard, as the sound pours down, through the ventilators in the massive, walls. , , . lyucas received a .fine bo^^, to-day from Billy Rust, and Richardson was favpred in a similar manner by friends in Marylajid. ,The latter ga,ve us a fine turkey dinner in No. 6. The .. attendance at evening sprviie was unusually large. Severa]|, ^v;ho have been lately absenting themselves, were ?igain in their places; and am()i),g these was one who has contracted the habit of swearing, but who told me, a day or two , ago, that he felrt it mean and degrading, and had resolvef:|, to. renounce it,, \Ye have lately managed to get a fine kerosene pi\ )^mp,,,aud now we have a splendid light iji the room, which giyes us much comf:)rt. The fine lamp, and beautiful shade, [ have a very attractive ap- pearance, and we .frequently ha^ve our neighbors joining us. To-night we have had a vpry quiet time, only two or three ; haying thus given us their company. Maynadier has just left, after spending Jialf ar^ hour at the table, with hi^ Bible., Riphardson, who, is one of our most constant readers, is poring over Byron, and has been thus occupied nearly all day. 1 Devitt is looking oyer Jeff. Thompson's scrap-book; and as Brogden and Tibbetts are both out, I close this wiih unusual quiet in No, 6, but witl^ sounds of card-playing in No. 7 J and tiie noise of a breakdown by the Dutch in their neighboring quarters. Friday, ISth.- — -The [inmates of our room are later risers than any others- in the apartment. They seldom get up before half-past seven, or eight o'clock. Tibbetts, who used to be an early bird, is now quite as dilatory as any of us. I generally awake at. reveille, or soon after, and often being too unwell to stir, w^it until ope of i^y juniors has made the fire. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 327 From thi3 duty^ I have ordin9,rily been exempt. Occasion- ally, however, when I get tired of a wakeful bed, .and feel able to undertake, thp task, I show the young men that I can dp it quite as well a^ they. We often have visitors' lor.g before we are , up, calling in from different motives. Mayna- dier, Hammoncl, and Shanks seldom fail to give us a call. Maynadier simply from liajbit, in taking his morning round ; Hammond ,to have a j,oke,^ and get a pipe of tobacco from Brogden, who generally kee;;s a supply for the whole house ; and Shanks to annoy Richardson, and Tibbetts, with one or both of. , \ybom ;he , is sure to have a round of mischievous sport.. Recently , this waggish Englishman had the temerity to hold a lighted ,^atc;h under Rielmrdson's nose, while the latter was fast ashep ; and this in*)rning he amused himself by secretly sticking, an empty whiskey^jbottle under my pillow. Such are some of the_ prison sports. ; Sykps ha,d the good forttuie to^et off to-day. He left th's afternbcjn, for Delaxyare pity, and wip take the Erickson boat for Baltimore, on his way to Norfolk, He has been a prisoner for: twelve moUjths, lacking only a few days, having spent the whol^ time at this plac^, and at Fort Norf »lk. He was sen- tenced to^ this long confinement, on a charge of aiding de- serter^,, the only testimony against him being that of two men, who, in order to. have him arrested, called at his house, and representing then^selves to be deserters, asked the way to Richmond. |He gavetheip a sort of map of the road, us far as South Mills, and has paid the, pei^alty by this long separa- tion fro^n,, his family. Mr. Sykesjs one of the mo.-t quiet and .orderly men in our apartment. , He is a member of the Methodist Church,, and has main t^a^ned a consistent Christian deport^ueut, thi^ough the whole pf his imprisonment. Ho has been our sexton^ since, ]\Ir. Belt's departure, and has done his part well. We shall miss him very much. As the time drew nearer and^ nearer for his release^ his quiet anxiety was striking £|nd, amusing. He has been one of our greatest wh;t;lcrs, and 328 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR tinkers, and every day, with liis coat off, lie has always been busily engaged. For the last two days, however, he has kept his coat on, looking rs if ready to start at any moment. It ought to be stated, that although his time lacked only a few days of bting out, he was notified by Capt. Ahl, that he could not leave without taking the oath. He was not allowed to go out as a free man, with the privilege of doing as he pleased afterward about swearing his way to Norfolk; but having suffered the full term of liis imprisonment, he must still remain until he accepts Lincoln's amnesty ! Where is justice! We had hoped, this morning, that Long was about to be released. He was called down in the usual manner, to the General's office, and we awaited with interest his return. It turned out, however, much to his disappointment and ours, that he was summoned, merely to receive a reprimand from the Commissary of prisoners,' for his " Copperhead letters." Despairing of release, and unable longer to contain himself, he determined to tell his friends just how he felt, after an imprisonment of five or six months. The letters were tart enough, it is true; but it did not occur to him that they might be suppressed, and himself probably punished. He escaped "the cells; " but was informed that no more such letters must be put into the box, and that he was increasing the duration of his imprisonment. Some daik hints were made about other evil consequences. One of the letters (perhaps the boldest) was retained, and the others handed back to him, unapproved. Long is a plain, sensible man, from Sussex Co., Delaware ; well read in newspaper politics ; very free-spoken, and fearless ; sometimes imprudent, but a well-meaning, honest, and upright person, and an earnest champion of Southern rights. The Administration deem him a man of too much influence to be allowed to remain at home, and among his old neighbors. Col. Duke hi;s had a visit from his god-father. Bishop Wood, of Philadelphia, who proposes to look after his comfort and DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 329 to see that he is supplied with whatever he may need in the way of staples, or delicacies. The Colonel tells me, that the Bishop was instrumenlal in the conversion of bi)lli of his parents t(v the Roman Catholic faith — his mother having been, originally, a Presbyterian. By the way, I have had an earnest but friendly discussion with the Colontl, on the subject of uni- versal salvation. I find him to be a sort of Restoration ist, admitting a limited future punishment, and accepting the Catholic doctrine of purgatory. He denies the infinite evil of sin, and draws the distinction, with much emphasis, between venal and aggravated offences. Brogden has been informed by his aunt — a daughter of Chief Justice Taney — that she has effected an arrangement with President Lincoln, through a friend, by which he may be im- mediately returned to the South, when the Confederate Govern- ment will furnish a man of the same rank with himself, in exchange. He has already written to Richmond on the sub- ject, and the exchange will, no doubt, be accomplished. I am glad to find that resolutions have been introduced into the Virginia legislature, by my friend and fellow-townsman, the late Mayor Grice, calling the attention of the Confederate authorities to the shameful treatment inflicted by Gen. Butler, upon Messrs. Bain and Hodges, and asking that measures may be taken for their relief, by appropriate redress. Received an elegant box of good things from Mrs. Caulk, for which she has my thanks. Sent a box of prison-made rings to my wife and children, by Sykes. Grymes, Drummond, Maynadier and myself the only wor- shippers to-night. Saturday, Idth. — Our number is now reduced to twenty- two. Nine of these were here when I came; a majority have been in some way connected with the C. S. Army ; and are here, either upon charges yet to be investigated, or have been condemned after trial by court-martial, to imprisonment for 33.0 ; UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR thp wau. . JoicQj Richardson, E,asiu, Long and myself, are the only persons left, who may be strictly called "prisoners of Stat$k" The condition, of thos^ wjio remain is greatly bene- fitted by the recent, jail delivery. The time pas-es more smoothly, and the oppprtunitiqs for reading, writing, or pleasant cpuversation, pre much in^proved. 1,he iYankee soldiei-s are all w^^ring their belts, and cart- mdgp.boxes— an order having beep,, issued within a few days psist, that ithey should keep' them Oi), from reveille to retreat. WJiat the object of thi^,,I cannot tell. Perhaps, there is some apprehension of an insurrection at the barracks. The /ail*: weather is giving more life to the Island. The ,out-dooiv wprfi, which had been suspended for the winter, has been again, resumed. The soldiers, also, are turning out of .tjjeir quarters ; aud instead of hovering around the stoves, or lying in their bunk,s when not on cluty,are frequently seen in groupp engaged iu different sporty. We were entertained for some time this ,after,noofl,, with the boyish plays of a number of young meu, belonging to the 5th Md., who Avere enjoying themselves, in front of our window. 'Sevftn persons in attendance, alj worship. I .,1 close this, at a quarter past ton. Brogden and Tibbets are visiting.; Riphardson is at tl^e table, closely absorbed in Lalla Rookh. The, sentinels are, n,9w, straining their voices, PiTying " all's I well !" , '. '. ■ < ■ . . . , Sabbath, 20th. — XhjB foi;enoon of to-day was anything but •what I could, have wished it to bp. Nt). 6 was crowded with visitors, and conversations on all subjects, except those befit- ting the Sabbath, \vere indulged in. Sliips, do-s, horse- racing, and niany otljier matters of little moment, gave rise to animated discussioniS ; and 1 foun(,I it impo.=i-:ible, either to read or medi- tate. Ofcoursq, I coyiiltl not lend, my exam;)le to any such desetration of tlie;day. Fox a time, I occupied a corner, Avith my Bible in hand ; but faL^^g to accomplish anything, I threw DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 331 myself.upoiirmj bunk, to make th6; best of my fate. In the .afternoon, sj^nj^ degree, of quiet prevailed; and I had consid- lerable satisfaction in reviewing the book of Jeremiah, and re- ferring, anon, to Watson's Bible Dictionary. It is a great trial to, be hiteryupted in our Sabbath seilvices. It has been alto- gether inexpedient, however, to attempt to resume them in the morning., Atjuight we had a. little congregation, in No. .2 J and I made some impromptu remarks, on the old Testa- ment evidences ^f a future state, jirjd its suggestions in regard to )the puuishlnent of the wicked. , . . iDr. Sillimarii, the medical director, made a formal inspec- tion; of the room. This, is the second time he has performed this duty, witiiin eight months. The rounds were made with the usual stiffness and formality. The Doctor was dressed in full unifoijm, and his sword dangled at his side. He entered our room with no salutation of pblitjeness, and looking around a moment, asked if we i were "troubled with foul air." I told him the moat had until laitelybeeHj:exceedingly offensive. His question, however, had" reference to the number of men in the room, and was evidently unnecessary, as he knew very well that there are only twenty -two meu at this time in our apart- ment. , Last summer, when, the rooms were crowded, and we were suiLxing; greatly from the; heat, and offensive moat, it might have been well enough to inquire into our condition. He further ask< d, whether there was any case of scurvy among ,us. This question was proposed as he scrutinized our well spread table, for which we are indebted, not to the U. S. Gov- ernment, but tQi our personal friends. These trifles would not be recorded, but for the very disdgreeable manners of this self- important iittleiman, wh() is quite as obnoxious to the Federals as to.oursejves, and whose visits to the hospitals are generally annoiincedby the watchers, with a sort of fright, as soon as he approaches the poritieo in. front. Mondayj 21st. — Eight months ago, this day, I entered 332 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Fort Delaware. At that time, had no idea of remaining for more than two or three days, or for a week at farthest. I felt certain of this, not only on account of the very trifling grounds of my arrest, bnt was satisfied that I had friends enough to look after my case. J hiive since realized, that although a man be imprisoned for thinking a little too loudly, there is, subsequently, no prospect for release, until he is completely broken, and cowed, or has made up his mind to play the hypocrite, and swear himself out; or, perhaps, he may be pardoned through, the influence of very powerful friends. But I have also learned, that in these days of despotism and oppression, a j^risoner, whatever may have been his former pleasant surroundings, has very few bold and active friends. Friends he may have, who feel for him, and pray for him, and would perhaps, if they dared, encourage him by their sym- pathy. To him, however, they appear, for the time being, as though they arc not. ^V^e have had some men among us who have not, for months, received a line from their own parents. Others have had letters from brothers and sisters abusing them, either from real opposition, or to save themselves from oppression. These trials are even harder to endure, than the imprisonment. With the approbation and sympathy of friends, and a good conscience in the sight of God, even suffer- ing may be a pleasure. I have not been outside of the building, since my parole was withdrawn. After once enjoying a degree of liberty, it is exceedingly disagreeable to be placed under guard, and marched out a few hundred yards ; and at the will of coarse and unfeeling men, to be ordered back again, before fifteen, or possibly thirty minutes have elapsed. ^lost of the prisoners feel much alike about this. Some never go out. at all ; others only occasionally, and when the weather is very inviting. At times, when the call is given to 'Svalk," not more thau half a dozen persons respond, and once or twice there have only been two or three. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 333 The view from our grated window has been quite cheerful tO'day, The " Rebs" have been out in large squads, at their old business of rolling barrels. They do this work for the sake of the exercise, and certainly do not hurt themselves at hard labor. It is amusing to notice their usual dignity of manner, in kicking them along, or in propelling thera with a stick, instead of bending to the work, and earnestly pushing them ahead. To-day, even with the pleasant weather, they have been wrapped up closely, in their overcoats, blankets or quilts, many of them looking more like Indians than white workmen. Some of them, for appropriating a pocket full of sugar, were made to feel the weight of the sergeant's stick. My wife informs me that she will go to Baltimore in a few days, for an interview with the " Commission." Capt. Jeffer- son, of Port Penn, will accompany her. Could I have a few wortls with her before she leaves, it might be well. It will be •an unpleasant business for her ; but I hope for the best. Tuesday, 22d. — Thorn has returned from the hospital. The poor boy has been very ill with typhoid fever. He looks badly, and will not be himself again, for weeks. He has been in the hospital for more than a month, and during that time there were eight deaths in his ward. There are now 550 persons sick in the hospital — most of them cases of pneumonia. Tried the wash-tub again this morning; but in consequence of first boiling the clothes with the dirt on them, did not suc- ceed so well as heretofore. "Was unf rtunate also, in rubbing the skin fr m my knuckles; but I am not discourage 1, and shall continue the business, as occasion requires. It is reported, that a man was f^hot, last night, in attempt- ing to escape from the island. I have heard no particulars. My wife is now, probably, on her way to Baltimore, to press her suit before the agents of the Lincoln government, in regard to my release. For the sake of herself, and the children, I hope she may be successful. She has little, how- 334 UNITED STATES BONDS; Ok' ever, to encourage her, and I fear the result. I comniend my dear family to Him who is' able to protect them, and' can make all their afflictions a means of b]essing. Five hundred prisoners are reported to have arrived, last night, from Camp Chase. They are sai5 to be Iodising very badly. ., .. ; Complaints are constantly heard, of irregularity in the iuail facilities on the island. Several of otir number ai'e confident, that their letters are suppressed. Pearson has ^vritten ' e^ereri times to Washington, and hiis ascertained by a letter, just received, and enclosed to some officer, that only one of fheni has reached its destination, and that was seht " underground."' Five worsliippers to-night in No. 2|, viz : Grymes, May- nadier. Long, Devitt and myself. ' . ' ' ' Just ten o'clock ; the room! q'ur^t ; Richardson absorbed in " My Lady ; " Nelson poring over " Les Miserables'; " ' Tib- betts asleep on his pallet ; Brogden out. A storm is brewing, and sonae eight or ten vessels are at anchor near the island. Wednesday, 23cZ. — The weatHer is cold,' and the ground i^ again covered with snow. 1 notice, 'however, that wis do noi suffer in the Fort, even ^vheh the appearances outside are most bleak, and wintry. The walls of the buildings are thick, there are few openings to the rooms, a!hd tlie stoves b',Mng furnished with plenty of coal, wie cm arrange the temperature to suit ourselvep. We are more frequently troubled with heat' than with cold. Indeed, we have all become so sensitive that no one thinks of venturing out in th^ open air, unless on a very fair day. . Jeff. Thompson had the misfortune 'to have a favorite knife broken this morning by his orderly. The knife was presented to him by an English gentleman wliom he. met in New Or- leans, and was valued, as well on that account as for its intrinsic worth, as it was of peculiar inake and 'fine metal. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHfoEITY. S3'5' The boy was using it contrary to the (general's expwss'or(iJers; and, by some mishap, let it fall, and knbeked' diit an elegknt blade. This was more than Jeff, could staiid, and Bailey got such a berating as he has' probably neVer' had before. He plead that it was only an accident. This 'onY^ aVoiised the old "goriller" the more. Hie walked the room, stormed and threatened, until the poor lad was frightened nearly out of his wits. Jeff, was now " done " for the day. He could ' do no more writing or reading, aiid came up stairs to get what com- fort he could from the " politicals." In the meantime Bailey resorted to his bunk, and continued in 'trouble at the sacrifice of dinner, and with little relish f6'r his supjjei*. I note the incident as the most exciting event of the dky, and illustrative of Jeff.'s peculiar temperament. Have been much exercised) to-day, about my wife's visit to Baltimore. As a change has been . made in the depaiihient, cutting off Fort Delaware from the Baltimore command, I fear she will have to go to Washington, in ' which Case the result must be even more doubtful. Brogden has been assured by a letter frofii Washington, thai President Lincoln has officially notified' his friends that an exchange may be effected, as sooii as the ' Cdhfed'erate Govern- ment shall signify its willingness to' send a prisoner of the same rank with himself, Pearson is making' a movement of the same kind, and similar efforts may be made by others. Rasin, Maynadier, and Devitt have been in the room all the evening, each of them with stories' of the past; but Rasin has decidedly the best collection, and is the most long-winded. It is now half-past twelve o'clock. A better attendance at worship. Thursday/, 24th. — No. 6 has 'been well supplied with boxes, since the opening of Spring. Brogdeii, Richardson and my- self have each been well remembered .by sy'mpathizers/and friends. Our supplies have, recently, been so abundant, that 336 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR " Commissary" Tibbetts has appropriated No. 3 as a larder and pantry. We have been living upon hams, turkeys, chickens, tongues, jellies, pickles, butter, cheese, canned fruits, and jellies of various kinds, with all else that could be desired for com- fortable and healthy diet. In some other rooms they have been doing quite as well ; and those who have not been so for- tunate, have shared with us, as we could aiford it, or they have had need. The table is set twice a day — at about half-past nine o'clock, and at about half-past four. In the middle of the day, and before bed-time, each man helps himself to a lunch, as he may require it. The only article regularly furnished by the Government commissary is bread. Each man gets a well baked loaf, every other d ly, which is quite sufficient in quantity. Now and then Bro;^den, or Richardson will step down stairs, and get a plate of soup, which for some weeks past has been declared fine, by all the prisoners. Occa- sionally we draw a little sugar, and no^v and then, if our supplies are low, we get some coffee. The articles sent by friends are usually cooked, so that %ve have very little to do over the fire, beyond the daily pot of coffee, or ftying a few slices of ham. Such are our present table arrangements. Perfeclly comfortable. Did our good friends know how much our trials are mitigated by their attentions, it would do their liearts good — not that any of us are so much concerned for the gratification of the appetite. Not one of us, indeed, is an epicure ; but whilst these good things keep off the scurvy and other ailments, we are especially grateful for such evidences of sympathy and affection on the part of those whom we would not have to forget us. Gen. Thompson is corresponding with a New York lady — Mrs. Medora Thayer — a sister of Gen. Frank Cheatham, who proposes to furnish any articles of clothing, little or much, that may be needed for the comfort of the prisoners at Fort Dela- ware. Her liberality will only be restraine^d by the veto of the Commandant, or the prohibition of the Washington author- DTJEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 337 ities. The General has accepted the generous offer, and the clothing will be distributed under his advisement. Col. Duke received a splendid military overcoat, to-day, from his friend, Bishop Wood of Philadelphia. The author- ities say, that they had to strain a point to permit its recep- tion. Have been indulging myself this afternoon, by way of va- riety, in a line of reading long since abandoned, with some exceptions. I have been trying David Copperfield. Whether I shall wade through it, remains to be seen. My mind at present is ill-adapted to anything of the kind ; and on that very account I feel the more inclined to unbend. I have gen- erally avoided novels, and have been willing to be regarded as unfashionable, and even wanting in literary taste, lest my ex- ample might injure others. Perhaps, I ought to have been more like Payson, whose habit was to read all the popular fic- tions, in order the better to warn his people against bad books. We have had a sort of levee in No. 6, this evening. Vari- ous subjects have been under discussion — the "slave trade" being the principal item. Both sides of this question were earnestly advocated. Only four persons availed themselves of the usual privilege of taking a walk, viz : Rasin, Nelson, Maynadier and Richardson. Major Basin found an opportunity for a friendly chat with Chaplain Way. He became so much interested in his preacher friend, as to overslep the assigned limits, and was interrupted by the guard, who presented the point of his bayonet. The party returned, with a good laugh on " the Court " (as Devitt calls him), insisting that he was meditating an escape, and that al- though he had partially succeeded in reaching the boat, the cover of the Chaplain was sadly ineffectual after all. Eight worshippers, to-night, in No. 2. Friday, 25th. — Dr. Stone called in, early this morning, at the request of Brogden, to insert some virus sent him by Dr. 22 338 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Buckler of Baltimore. The scab being regarded as something extra, four others, including myself, also submitted to the ope- ration. Several of the prisoners have recently been vaccinated by this popular physician ; and in every case the result has been favorable. There are now, according to Dr. Stone, about six hundred sick persons on the Island. Of this number, fifteen have the small-pox. The others are mostly cases of pneumonia, and typhoid fever. " Johnny Reb," (J, W. L. Wightman), after an imprison- ment of one year and a few days, was formally " galvanized " to-day, and received his permit to leave the Island. After submitting to the operation, the poor fellow returned to his quarters, an object of deep commiseration. His usually cheer- ful countenance wore a saddened expression, and I thought I saw him wipe away a tear. Said he, " I have been a happy man until now ; but this act has made me miserable. I am ashamed of myself, and can't bear the idea of going home." He justi- fied himself, however, on the ground of his long confinement, and the impaired health of his wife and child. He left at about 4 o'clock, with the warmest sympathies of his fellow prisoners — all feeling that the heart of the man was as true to the South as it has ever been, and that he has been driven to what he regarded as a disgraceful alternative, by the extremi- ties of the situation. Wightman is a brother to Jimmie W., who was released a few weeks ago, in a state of health that scarcely allowed him to reach home. They are both citizens vof Loudon Co., Va., and have suffered much by the war. Johnny is an amiable and obliging fellow, and will be remem- bered by his associates in prison, as well for these qualities, as for his remarkable devotion to his invalid brother. Had a waini bat friendly discussion, this morning, with Col. Duke, on the comparative success of Catholic and Protes- tant missions, and the modes adopted by the two churches for . the propagation of the Christian faith — he averring that the DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHOEITY. 339 Roman Catholics have far outstripped the Protestants in the work of evangelizing the world, and I denying the statement ; — he, also, urging that the Catholic priesthood have been em- phatically preachers of the word ; whilst Protestants have only obscured the truth, by circulating bad translations of the Bible and numerous useless tracts and books. This is not the place to record the several arguments elicited by the debate. It is only necessary to state, that the Colonel has just been reading an elaborate work on the subject of missions, sent him by his friend Bishop Wood, and that if he were only part Ro- manist before, he seems now to be thoroughly indoctrinated with the teachings of "Mother-Church." I had hardly concluded the talk with my friend Duke, before Gen. Jeff, who had just finished a gutta-percha cross, which he intends as a present to the Lady Suf)erior at the "Convent of the Sacred Heart," came down upon mo with some of his impassioned thrusts about the hypocrisy of the great mass of professing Christians, and the necessity of pur- gatorial punishment. The General has adopted a great variety of off-hand notions, which he urges vehemently, utterly eschewing the old maxim, " audi alteram partem.''^ He is certainly satisfied with himself. Among the curious opinions which he advances, are the following: All men are liars, or, which is the same thing, no man on earth tells the truth. It is impossible for a man to be a Christian without making restitution; and, by way of illustration, as neither Gen. Jack- son nor Mr. Clay made restitution before their death, the first being notoriously irregular in his life, and the other a great gambler, although they both professed to repent, and joined the church before they left this world, they could not possibly have been true Christians. He positively affirms that in the whole course of his life he has never met with but jive persons whom he regarded as real Christians. 340 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE Acknowledging that he is a great sinner, and that he deserves punishment for guilt, he professes not to fear the issue ; that he is ready and willing to die at any moment, and says that when God shall punish him, he intends to meet it "game." He believes that some degree of future punishment is in- evitable with all; that there are no just terms upon which God may forgive man in this world, and that temporary pur- gatorial fires are prepared to purge the soul. In the afternoon had a conversation with Brogden, in regard to the salvation of the heathen. For some reason this subject is frequently introduced ; and the Bible teachings are generally repudiated. I am occupying a strange position among infidels, sceptics, free-thinkers, Universalians, and non-professors of religion. I am not fond of debate, and dislike to find myself in an atti- tude of opposition to others. My ears are constantly assailed with unscriptural opinions ; and suggestions are frequently made to draw me out. Then, I am sometimes attacked by several individuals at once. The mysterious doctrines of tbe Gosjiel are urged as illustrative of the unreliableness of the Word. All discussions must be outside of the Bible, and vain man is continually sitting in judgment upon the ways of God. My position is responsible. What influence I am ex- erting for the glory of God, may not soon be discovered. I feel my weakness and insufficiency, and fear that little is accom- plished. But I am conscious of earnestness and jealousy for my INIaster. I think He has given me the confidence of my fellow-prisoners ; they respect my feelings ; they listen to my words, and it may be that the " bread cast upon the waters " will return after many days. Three blank cartridges were fired from the guns on the parapet this afternoon. This is only the second firing siuce I have been at Fort Delaware. The object, I suppose, was simply to empty the guns. AYalked out for the first time since my parole was with- DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 341 drawn. The weather being pleasant, some ten or twelve others availed themselves of the opportunity to get an airing. For a wonder, only one guard was in attendance ; he being a Baltimore man, and judging from his looks, one of the " Plugs." He was unusually watchful, and restricted us to very circumscribed limits, which Richardson, having unwit- tingly passed, was ordered back, the fellow at the moment putting a cartridge in his musket. Company Q, had an accession, last night, of thirty-three new men. Their whole number is now nearly four hundred. Ten persons at evening worship. Saturday, 2Qth. — We have had a stormy, disagreeable day, the wind blowing furiously toward the Delaware shore. Nu- merous vessels have been seeking shelter under the Island. The Erickson boat was unable to get into the mouth of the canal, and hauled up with the other shipping. We shall pro- bably hear of many wrecks on the coast. We have very little musical talent among the political prisoners. Formerly Gibson, Green, Brogden, Nelson and Johnson would sing a pretty good song ; but now that the first two have left, the others seldom regale us with an exhibition of their powers. Major Hammond broke out yesterday with some fine words, to the tune of Annie Laurie, which astonished the company. We had never heard him do the like before, and immediately sent a committee to bring him into No. 6 for an " encore." He persistently refused, and like some storied bird, singing only at distant intervals, he has probably given us his first and his last effort. Welsh has some talent for sacred music, and Tibbetts at times does tolerably well ; but for some reason, they never exercise their powers unless urged to do so. Grymes is our main dependence at worship. He is familiar with appropriate tunes, but sometimes gets them too low. Of late we seldom do more than sing the doxology. Lucas is the only man among us who practises instrumental 342 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE music. He is a pretty good performer on the violin, but is generally so much absorbed in the prison jewelry business, that he seldom finds time to take the bow. Now and then, how- ever, he tries his hand, and thus instantly puts new life into the limbs of the old beaux among us, to say nothing of younger men. The sound of the instrument has pretty much the same effect upon "Judge" Rasin, as the bugle upon an old war-horse. The "Court" begins to move at once; his limbs become elastic ; head, hands, arms, legs, feet, all keep time to the music ; he darts over the floor with the grace of a Chesterfield ; the more rapidly the bow strikes, the more ani- mated he becomes ; every muscle quivers, and thus for fifteen minutes or more, he will go through the most astonishing feats of the terpsichoreau art. The " Judge " is fifty-seven years of age ; is fattening upon our prison diet ; keeps up a wonderful flow of spirits, and with his "break downs" and various industrial habits, is renewing his youth and establishing his health. Josh, the head cook below-stairs, has again altered his rule concerning the distribution of bread. Heretofore, in special cases, a person has been allowed to draw for himself and others of the same room. Somebody has been taking advantage of the privilege, and secured a greater number of loaves than his mess is entitled to, thus occasioning a deficiency in the general supply. The result is, that every man must now appear for himself and receive his allowance. Tibbetts has usually drawn for No. 6. To-day we carried our own bread, and thus, according to Chief Justice Marshall's rule, " that no man is entitled to his dinner, Avho is too proud to bear it," we made ourselves worthy of our loaf. Have received two more letters from my good friend and brother, Rev. B. H. McCown, of Kentucky — one yisterday, and the other to-day. He has also sent me, by express, a nice pair of calf-skin boots, and three pairs of fine woollen socks. One of the letters contained a small sum of money and some DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 343 postage stamps for myself, and also a lot of stamps for Col, Duke. Surely, this excellent man is never weary in well- doing. May he reap the reward of those who " do good and lend, hoping for nothing again." A goodly number at worship. Sunday, 21th. — "What a long dreary day is Sunday — decid- edly the longest in the week ! " is the frequent exclamation of some of our prisoners. No jileasure, no interest whatever have they on the day of sacred rest. With some sense of obligation in regard to the impropriety of spending it precisely as they do other days, — for shame's sake, for ])ublic opinion's sake, or it may be for the sake of an absent wife, sister, or dear friend — the usual cards and dice are thrown aside, but there is a con- stant hankering after the Aveek-day amusements ; the time is long, and at length, when night approaches, and the weary, irksome hours are nearly passed, what a relief in the prospect of another day, or of six more Jays at " bluff," " whist," or "all fours." Others, less conscientious, or Math less firmness of character, can't hold out the full twelve hours, and the Sab- bath becomes as any other day. Thus it was to-day. In passing Number One, I discovered four persons absorbed quite as earnestly in their play as during the week, excusing them- selves, no doubt, like Chesterfield, who, in his old age, sought " to hill time the best way he could." Another very objectionable method of getting rid of the monotony of the Sabbath, resorted to by several of our number, is in novel reading. Sometimes the whole day is thus occu- pied. Nothing else will interest. Even the religious news- papers are eschewed, sometimes under the plea (with too much truth) of their being tilled with politics and abuse of the South ; but more especially on account of the heart-searching character of some articles by more moderate and godly men. Frequently the day is spent in loud and boisterous conversation, in rcLiting anecdotes, in stories of battle-^, in discussing, the movemci.ts 344 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE of the armies, or the policy of the two Governments, or the character and abilities of prominent men — anything save the one great matter so pre-eminently appropriate to the day of God. There are exceptions to the general rule. Occasionally a man will lay aside his cards on Sunday, read a chapter or two in the Bible, and in his general behavior through the day show, that he has not been entirely devoid of religious train- ing. For weeks past there has been no eall for preaching; on the contrary, the majority manifest opposition. At the evening services, which are continued as a matter of course, there are seldom more than a dozen present, and often not more than five or six. When I enter No. 2 with my Bible, it is not uncommon for careless ones to walk out, to avoid the worship. Prayers and card-playing are frequently going on at the same time in neighboring rooms. I have no evidence of personal opposition. On the contrary, I am treated with consideration and respect by all in the house. It is simply indifference, or aversion to the truth. The feeling prevails that a prison is no place for religion. Chafed by confinement, the heart is aroused to extreme vindictiveness against oppressors, and the mind contemplating modes of retaliation, there seems to be no place left for religious sentiment — no purpose of good in the soul. Was glad to have the opportunity for a temperance talk with sundry persons not so averse as myself to the use of alcoholic drinks. Had some advantage over my competitoi'S, I think, from a perfect familiarity -with the whole subject, the result of diligent investigation in days long gone by. If Jeff. Thompson agreed with me, in the argument, it was not because he intended to make any practical use of his correct judgment. He avers that he was never so happy as when under the influence of liquor ; ho then " felt himself to be the greatest man in the world ; " he was, also, the " most agreeable man iii all creation." This last he knew to be true, because coming home, on a certain occasion, pretty full of the " ardent," he had a great romp on the parlor floor with the DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 345 children, who were so delighted that, when leaving them to go up town, they innocently inquired, " Father, won't you come back again tight f^' The sum and substance of it is, that although the simple question of his little children drove him for months from his glass, and his j)resent position as a General requires that he should abstain, he intends — he jokingly remarks — to " resume the habit as soon as he is forty years of age, and is determined to keep drunk all the time." After the usual evening services, which were pretty well attended (having addressed the company on the nature and importance of regeneration,) retired to my room, and had a long and earnest conversation with R , who can see no evidence of a future state in the Old Testament, nor any wisdom in the doctrine of salvation by a crucified Redeemer. The talk was conducted in good spirit on his part, and with a real desire, I think, to know the truth. We continued the conver- sation until near midnight, and I turned to sleep, leaving him still up, Bible in hand. Monday, 28^A. — We had an unusual excitement, this morn- ing, caused by the arrival of three hundred and thirty-three Confederate officers, some sixty of whom belong to Morgan's command, and directly from the Ohio Penitentiary. The others are from Camp Chase. Among the number are Gen. Vance, of North Carolina, and Col. Dick, and Capt. Charlton Morgan, brothers of the General. The inmates of No. 1 were ordered to vacate their room immediately, and to occupy No. 3, the object being the accommodation of certain superior officers. A general disorder ensued — the discomfited movers complaining on account of their loss by the exchange — No. 3 being a side room, and considerably smaller than the one to be left. The white-washers and scourers were soon at work, and the vacated room was ready in double-quick time. It was late, however, before No. 3 could be in order. Difficulties arose about a stove, which led to unpleasant words with No. 4, and 346 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR which was after awhile settled by an exchange of stoves between No. 1 and No. 3. Four officers, at length, made their appear- ance, and took possession of their quarters, with a wet floor. Three of the new-comers are Captains, and one a Lieutenant. Tlieir names are Cunningham, Coombs, Croxton and Taylor. Civilities were offered by the old occupants of the prison ; but the strangers informed us that they were under parole not to communicate with us, and as they seemed shy, and reserved, they were shortly left to themselves, and their own reflections. Col. Duke coming up in the afternoon, stated that the four strangers were all Kentuckians, and that they were pre- paring to ^' galvanized The pleasure anticipated from their accession was not realized, and little has since been heaid or seen of the party. My wife has returned from Baltimore, having failed to secure a personal interview with the " Commission," but not without considerable information from Col. Purnell, who com- municated with the Judges, and reported to her accordingly. She learns that the man who informed against me was Snyder, and that he endeavored to make the most unfavorable impres- sion, by representing me as the most violent man in tlie prison; and that I had been a regular mail agent for the South, and had shown Shanks the way to run the blockade. My wife, also, states that through some strange misapprehension, the Judges had gotten the impression that I am now Milling to take the oath of allegiance. Perhaps the technical, and literal response to their late letter of inquiry suggested the conclu-ion. Nothing, however, was farther from my mind. Had I not deferred to the advice of some around me, and followed the bent of my inclination by inserting only a clause or two as it ref^ards my personal feelings, there M'ould have been no mis- understanding. My only remedy now, is a letter of explana- tlon, which I have already addressed to Col. Purnell. Prayers at the usual hour, and but few in attendance. Quite a crowd in our room to-night. Got to bed late, Avith a mind ill at rest. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 347 Tuesday, 2dth. — Our troubles with the bed-bugs continue at intervals. Sometimes we are annoyed beyond measure. If the room is a little too much heated, the very moment the light is extinguished, they begin to work. Scores of little fellows, too minute to be caught in the dark, but severe biters, infest the hands, whether under cover or not, and produce a burning sensation, almost intolerable, and the larger ones will drop from the holes and cracks in the bunks above, upon the face and neck; and with their crawling, biting, and unpleasant odor drive away sleep, and make night miserable. Last night I had a dreadful time. I had hardly gotten into bed, before one of the most disagreeable of the species fell upon my upper lip near the bridge of the nose, and gave me a most unpleasant prelude to the trials of the night. Things are getting too bad; we shall have to make a raid into the enemy's country, and try the effects of steam and turjsentine ; or at least we will scald them with hot water, and seal them in the lurking places with daubings of soap. A second letter from my wife, since her return from Balti- more, assures me, that Snyder's report before the " Commis- sion " was instrumental in protracting my imprisonment. Another letter states that Snyder has been passing himself off in Delaware as one of my particular friends, and soli- citing funds in behalf of himself and "suffering associ- ates." By reading my " Lines on the Old Flag " to a lady in Newcastle, he so aroused her sympathy that she gave him Fifty Dollars, with which he made off, and has not been heard of since. Since the arrival of the Confederate officers, there is an evident increase of watchfulness on the part of the Island authorities. The number of guards has been increased ; certain 1 This man was regarded as such a nuisance, that long before he left the Fort, few pei-sons had anything to do Willi him. Nearly the whole time he was ill prison, he was the subject of a loathsome disease, which was often unblushingly exposed. He represented himself as a member of some Vir- ginia Regiment, and was thought for a while to be from that State. It, after- wards, appeared that lie was from Pt-nusylvania, and shortly before he left, it was generally believed, that he was a prison spy. 348 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR lights, which have not been noticed heretofore, have been hung out in the sally-port ; and an order has been issued, directing that lights in the rooms be extinguished as early as nine o'clock. There is reason also to believe that we have another spy among us, and a conversation which took place a few nights ago about a plan of escape during the late storm, came to the knowledge of the authorities. The inmates of Number 7 have been entertainins; them- selves for a few days past with sundry tricks, very good humored ly played upon one another, and which they have quite as pleasantly received, notwithstanding the coal and wood which some of them found between their blankets or under their pillows. Rasin and Joice were not quite so amiable, to-day, when after hurrying through the passage, and down the entire flight of stairs into the kitchen, they found that some one had made the call for dinner, half an hour before the time, only to see them returning, and to laugh at their dis- appointment. The " Court " was especially chagrined, and threatened boisterously for a time ; but he soon recovered, and ■^fter the laugh was fully over, he was ready to avenge him- ielf by any legitimate method, suggested by his own mischiev- dUB and inventive mind. We met at the usual hour in No. 2, for the worship of God. The little company could at least rejoice in the promise, which has for ages encouraged the assembled few, viz : " Where two or three are gathered together in My name, there I will be in the midst of them, and that to bless them." As I close this, the storm is howling around the bastions, and old Eolus whistles about the bars of our long and narrow window. The poor sailors will have a hard time, to-night. Many vessels will be driven on the straid, and the tale of to- morrow will be a sad one for feeling hearts. It is cold, indeed, but I trust the five thousand men, who are lying upon their hard bunks at the barracks, are now sufficiently well clad to sleep soundly, and dream sweetly of distant friends and home. DimESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 349 Wednesday, SOth. — The supply of coal is exhausted, and our Island fires are suffering. In some of the quarters, the stoves have been out of use for twenty-four hours. If it had not been for a small bucket full, clandestinely obtained by Richardson from No. 1, and for which he accuses me of giving him absolution, we might this morning have gone without a breakfast, or at least have been minus our cup of coffee. As it was, ten o'clock found us still in bed, and it was nearly one o'clock before the table was cleared and out of the floor. We had not yet seated ourselves for breakfast, before we were favored with a visit from Gen. Vance, now quartered with Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke, in the interior of the Fort. In the course of the day. Col. Dick Morgan came up — he also being of their mess. We found both of these gentle- men to be very pleasant in conversation, and were gratified with the opportunity of making their acquaintance. Three other officers have obtained paroles, viz : Col. Ward, of Ten- nessee, and Cols. Coleman and Tucker, of Kentucky, who have been assigned to a room adjoining the Generals' mess. We shall probably see them to-day or to-morrow. Dr. Stone called in, to look after his jiatients. All of his vaccine eases have resulted favorably, except my own ; or, rather, they have all sore arms, except myself. More than forty-five years ago, the virus left me with well defined pits on each arm, and I am now regarded as impervious to the disease. Thorn is still much " under the weather," and Brogden is again complaining. But there is generally no lack of sick men, when the doctor comes ; and his presence is always greeted with pleasure. If no one is ill, there are sure to be some whose health would seem to require a bottle of " spirits." The good natured physician ordered this popular medicine for two of my room-mates, to-day; the one complains of cough and debility, and the other requires a little gin, for his kidneys' sake. There has been so much abuse of this privilege, that all pre- scriptions of the kind must now be countersigned by Captain 350 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Ahl. Even with this precaution, the sutler is doing a driving business ; and there is a sufficiently free circulation of " the ardent" to make occasional gay times on the Island, both among the " Rebs," and the "Yanks." A scene of gymnastics was witnessed, this afternoon, in the passage, which brought out a number of spectators, and aroused a deep interest, not only on the part of several amateurs in the art of pugilism, but stirring, also, the blood of some who would repudiate the low fisticuffs of a Hyer, or a Heenan. We were shaken with the most convulsive laughter — ah imo pectore ; and presently, when our risibles had become measurably composed, \ve were ready to extend a vote of thanks to the bold athletes, who had so graciously concentrated into half an hour, the full benefit of several days' bodily exercise. For this episode, we were indebted to Nelson,^ M'ho borrowed a set of boxing gloves from Co. Q. Placing a pair of them in the hands of Pearson, he challenged him for a fight. They both professed some knowledge of the art of " self-defence," and being pretty well matched as to height, and length of arms, the boxing com- menced. It soon appeared, that Pearson was the more scien- tific man of the two ; and Nelson being, also, considerably lighter than the other, he presently gave way, stepping back- wards tlie whole length of the long passage, each pommelling the other with a rapid hand, until both were quite out of breath. Welsh (or " Reddy," as we usually call him) came forward, to attack tlie champion. Pearson stood, at least, a head above him, and his arms were longer, by several inches. " Reddy " had the disadvantage, too, of being a novice in the use of gloves. Nothing daunted, however, and with an ardor char- acteristic of red-haired people, he dashed into the affi'ay; knocked and pelted his antagonist, and with the rapidity of a broken wheel, striking here and there with unchecked velocity, 1 The true name of this person was not known to any one but myself. A t the time of his capture, he assumed the name of the iiev. Dr. Nelson, of St. Louis. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 351 he mashed the cushions, first upon the breast, then upon the shoulder, and anon upon the head and face of his antagonist. Pearson, more deliberate, stood off, struck quick and sure, hitting right and left, upon Welsh's head, and sent him stag- gering away, completely out of breath, and wholly unable to renew the contest. And now came the tug of war, between David and Goliah. " Old Sussex," (Capt. Long), game to the back-bone, rough and ready, vr.ld as a bull, wholly unused to gloves, and ere he had adjusted them upon his hands, rushed forward, with an impetuous confidence, which astonished the spectators. Pearson, still firm, fended off; made scientific passes, darted his long arms, with the speed of lightning, into the face, and over the ears of the "Sussexer," who, notwithstand- ing a sore nose covered with a coat of iodine, persistently continued the assault ; and now changing his tactics, bent down, plun;:r d forward, and sticking his head into the abdo- men of his Goliah, there held fast — pelting right and left, " ursiiiht and unseen," into the face, and upon the nose and eyes of the stalwart six-footer, who had defied the ring. It was a game, in which science lost. Little David, un- trained, and yet persistent, bore away the palm with unbroken breath. Both, however, were for a few hours, the worse for the fight ; for Long had gotten a considerable bruise on the foreJiead, and Pearson in his efforts to conquer three men, was brought to bay with headache, and short breath. What folly I may have committed, in writing the above! but my five noble boys will not mistake. They know, too well, their father's aversion to every species of rowdyism, and will receive the description as one of the few prison incidents, which gave him a good laugh, and for which he felt decidedly better for some hours afterwards. Through carelessness, forgetful ness, or design, Cunningham has neglected to take the letters out of the box ; thus occasion- ing the loss of a whole day, and perhaps of two, in their trans- 352 tJNITED STATES BONDS) OE mission. I regret it, particularly on account of an important communication, which I wished my wife to get without delay. This " lance-sergeant " has our mail facilities entirely too much in his own hands. He has ordered the letters to be put in the box, to be taken out early in the morning. They are seldom removed, however, until near noon ; and sometimes, not until the afternoon mail is distributed. He has, also, been known to carry letters in his pockets, for days ; and has thus sub- jected some of the prisoners to great inconvenience, for the want of funds enclosed. Had a letter from Miss M. N. Smith, of Baltimore, a benevolent young lady, who informs me that she has sent me a box of clothing and edibles, furnished by herself and some of my "cousins." Our little band still steadfast in prayer. Thursday, Slst. — ^Ye have been without coal, all day, and have been obliged to make out the best we could Avith a few sticks of wood, obtained from' the kitchen. Fortunately fcr us, the weather is not so cold as it has been. Although we have experienced inconvenience, we have not suffered much. Yet we regard it as strange, that the island should be allowed to be without fuel, when it may be so easily procured. The strangers in No. 1 are keeping themselves remarkably close. Their door is always shut, except when passing in or out; they seldom exchange words with us; and they look like men who are ashamed or afraid. They have paroles of the island; but seem to make very little use of them, except at night, when they appear to be visiting among the Yankees. Preparations are being made to block up the stairway with a door — probably with a view to keeping out the Confederate officers, whose passing to and fro may not be agreeable to the " galvanized " men, now that they are not on speaking terms. A very large steamer has hauled up at Delaware City, which we hope may be a transport takitig in coal, preparatory to receiving a load of prisoners for exchange. LUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 353 Brogden's health is failing fast. He needs the open air and suitable exercise. A few more months of imprisonment would probably bring him to an early grave. The representatives at evening worship, were Grymes May- nadier, Drummond, Devitt and myself. Major Rasin, who "is very regular in his attendance, was absent to-night. Devitt though not a Christian, is seldom absent-a pleasant record' perhaps, for his father, who is a Presbyterian elder. XL Apeil. i^nc?ay,l,^.-_"All Fools Day!" Could the world have ooked in upon our prison, to-day, perhaps we would all have been considered fools, sure enough. It is astonishing, what an mterest grown men, aged men, wise men, will take in the merest trifles, when shut out from their accustomed duties, and avocations. The passing of every vessel upon the river' the arrangement of every new detail of men, every arrival every sound of a gun, the receipt of a box, the opening of a letter, a discussion, a change, a rumor, anything and everything will attract attention, relieve the monotony, or give a moment of pleasure. The man that can tell the best anecdote, or crack the best joke, is the person whose society is most sought, and who really do. s most to while away the tedium of the long and dreary hours. ^ The business of April fooling commenced, before the lumates of No. 6 were out of bed. Nelson, whose voice is generally heard before that of anybody else, was delighting himself, at an early hour, with his success at deceiving several around him. Others had - caught " him, also ; and after break- 23 354 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR fast, I could not resist the opportunity to play a little trick upon him myself. The morning papers were seen dangling from the coat-tails, or placards were found upon the backs of unconscious ones. False calls were made ; mysterious vessels were seen upon the river ; and many a "sell" Avas effected, to the amusement of the by-standers. But the best joke of the day turned upon myself. I was earnestly engaged in conversation, with Brogden and others, explaining a certain scripture in the 38th of Jeremiah, in regard to the conduct of the prophet in withholding a part of the truth — when a man from Company Q came in, bearing a box, and calling for "Dr. Handy." I received the box, thanked the porter, and returned to my talk. By this time, a number of persons had congregated in the room; and having finished what I had to say, I very unsuspectingly approached the box, and examined the marks — discussing, in my own mind, whether it came from Baltimore, or Philadelphia, as I had received intimation of two boxes that were on the way — and this being not such, as to size or weight, as I expected, I was the more perplexed, and hesitated the longer, before opening it. My mind was still on the conversation in which I had just been engaged, and the restrained smiles of the several visitors entirely escaped my notice. Beginning, at length, to open the box, I took from it, first, a second-hand gray shirt ; and proceeding downwards, the character of the articles grew more and more mysterious. I was just exclaim- ing "what in the world ," as I put my hand upon a large bundle of old rags ; and it was not until this moment, that I saw I was "sold." Nelson being the first to shout, I instantly suspected him of being the father of the joke. The whole company was now in an ecstacy. The laugh became uproari- ous. I had immediately jjounced upon Nelson, and enjoying the fun, myself, chased him around the room, at the toe of my boot — anon shaking him lustily. Everybody screamed, clapped, and, I verily believe, some cried with delight. It DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 355 was a scene for a Hogarth. Every man who witnessed it will remember It for years to come. It turned out, after all, that Nelson had nothmg to do with the matter. The whole thin^ had been concocted by Tibbetts, who knew that I was anxi- ously expecting a couple of boxes. Both he, and his convict accomplice, performed their parts well-for nobody would have dreamed, from their straight countenances, that they had the slightest idea of mischief. A Latin poet has written Duloe et decorum ed desipere in loco; and a wiser and better than he has said. There Is a time to laugh." ^ We were disappointed, to-day, In not having our usual vis.ts from Generals Thompson, Yance and Duke; and instead of making the acquaintance of Cols. Coleman and lucker, the whole party received an order, forbidding all intercourse with the political prisoners. No reason is asslo-ned • but the "galvanized" officers, in No. 1, are supposed to be In some way at the bottom of It. Lieut. Russel, of South Carolina, who was formerly with us as an officer, and who had reported himself to avoid the sufferings, during the cold weather of last winter, is now at the^ guard-house. In special duress. He has, also, been noticed at labor with the convicts. No one has been able to learn what is the matter. It Is a strange thing, and Is arous- mg curiosity. It Is reported that he is not an officer, and is punished for trying to pass as such. Others say, he Is suffer- ing a penalty for having reported the cases of certain prisoners who were frozen to death. All these are rumors; but has the man been m the guard-house, ever since he left us In January ? We would like to know. A magnificent Drummond light has been erected on the westbankof the Island, In front of the barracks, and in the direction of the Delaware shore. It is capable of illuminating the water, and bank, for a space of one hundred yards In clr- cumference-another precautionary measure, adopted since the arrival of the Confederate officers. 356 UNITED STATES BONDS; O.E Saturday, 2d. — " Commissary " Tibbetts has done a great work to-day, in the way of scouring. Refusing to receive help from Brogden, Richardson, or myself, he has shouldered the whole responsibility, and with Welsh as his right hand man, the room has been put in the best possible order. Our floor is now sweet and clean ; and the table, benches, and bunks are beautifully white — reminding one of neat house- keeping in the rural districts. The four galvanized officers, all, seem to have some special tie to the U. S. Government. Cunningham, it appears, was formerly an appointee of President Buchanan, in Washington Territory. lie has now been released, to return to the scene of his former duties. Croxton is a brother of a Colonel in the Federal army. Coombs is a nephew of Gen. Leslie Coombs, of Kentucky. I have learned that Snyder handed my lines on the flag, to a private in Ahl's battery; that others have copied them; and that they have now become pretty well known in the Fort. Yesterday, Brogden, very unexpectedly, obtained a parole of the island, from Gen. Schoepf, who expressed concern about his health, and great satisfaction at the prospect of his speedy exchange. To-day, he learns from Gen. Vance, that my parole is to be restored ; and that I shall be allowed the privilege of preaching to the ' Confederate officers. This information, General Vance obtained from the Commandant himself. I shall be happy to accept it, especially with a view to service, and intercourse, with our brave soldiers. Another stormy, disagreeable day. As I now write (10 P. M.,) the wind blows towards the Delaware shore, and the night is dark, and rainy. Richardson, and Maynadier have been occupied, all the evening, by our bright, quiet table. Shanks has now come in, and monopolizes Fremantle's '' Three Months in the Confede- racy," which I have baen reading,' during the day, with great interest, and would like to finish. Tibbetts' day's work has DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 357 driven him to his pallet, and Brogden is finding his amuse- ment in No. 7. The number at prayers is holding firm at half a dozen. Sunday, 3fZ. — At about ten o'clock this morning, a mes- senger came to the doer, with an order from Gen. Schoepf, for " Dr. Handy to call at his office." Immediately complying with the order, I found Gen. Vance had preceded me, and was awaiting my arrival, in conversation with the Comman- dant, and Capt. A hi. They were talking about an arrange- ment for preaching, at the barracks. After a little pleasantry, in which I was cautioned not to encourage escapes, and to do what I could to " convert " the Rebels, Gen. Schoepf handed me a parole of the island, with permission to be out " from reveille, to retreat." Accompanying Gen. Vance to his quarters, we there agreed upon 4 o'clock P. M., as a suitable hour for service. At the appointed hour I walked over to the place of preach- ing, accompanied by Generals Thompson and Vance, Colonels Duke, Coleman, Morgan, Tucker and Ward, and Lieut. Smith, a young officer on the staff of Gen. Vance. No jjrevious notice had been given, and two services had already been held during the morning and afternoon. All seemed ready, however, for another sermon, and preparations were made immediately, by circulating the notice and arranging the seats. The " division " to be used was that occupied by the officers of Morgan's com- mand, lately from the Ohio Penitentiary. In a very short time the apartment was entirely filled — benches, bunks, and every available standing-place — with intelligent and noble looking young men. I was introduced to the assembly by the Rev. Mr. Sam ford, a " Rebel " captain, who being a Methodist minister, is officiating as chaplain to Morgan's Brigade. I have not had such an audience since I have been on the Island ; and for intelligence and fine appearance, and all males, not for many a day past. I preached about three quarters of an hour, on 358 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR the desperate wickedness of the heart. The attention was pro- found to the last moment. Not a sing-le man left durinir the sermon, nor did the slightest interruption occur. It was a decidedly pleasant time ; and I thank God for the ojiportuuity of proclaiming the truths of His Word to a congregation so unusually interesting. After preaching, a number of officers came forward, seeking introduction through Gen. Vance and Col. Duke ; others had been introduced before the services. Among those whose ac- quaintance I had the pleasure of forming, were Major Bullock, brother of the Rev. Dr. Bullock, of Baltimore; Major Steel, son-in-law of Rev. Dr. R. J. Breckinridge ; ]\Iajor Kilgore, Ad- jutant-general on the staflPof General Ector, of Texas; Major Lamar Fontaine, the reputed author of " All Quiet along the Potomac;" Capt. Charlton and Col. Dick Morgan, brothers to the General, besides various others whose names I cannot now recall. One young man held me very cordially by the hand, stating that he had recently had a good deal of affliction, and that he had experienced a change of heart during his imprison- ment at Columbus. He also requested an opportunity for a private interview as soon as convenient. The quarters occupied by these officers, with the buildings and fence, constitute a sort of Pen, with an area of about two acres. The long side of the building and the parallel fence are each about 300 feet, running east and west ; and the two ends are severally about half that length. The Campus is low and flat, and at this time quite mudily from the recent rains. Intersecting walks, constructed of planks, are arranged at proper distances, and add greatly to the comfort of those who would seek exercise in bad weather. The quarters seem to be ample for the present number of prisoners, the bunks wide and com- fortable, and the "divisions" well heated. One large stove appears to be sufficient for the shelter occupied by the Morgan men. By request of Capt. Samford, notice was given that I would • - DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY, 359 preach, Deo volente, at the same place, at 10 o'clock on next Sabbath. Our usual evening services were held in No. 2, with an increased attendance. Oinitted the lecture; read a chapter; made a few practical remarks ; had one hymn ; and closed with the doxology, sung in a standing position. Monday, Ath. — Have been making good use of my parole. Made two trips around the Island — one this morning in com- pany with Brogden, and the other in the afternoon with Gen. Vance. I find Gen. Vance to be a very quiet, pleasant man, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He tells me, that his father was a ruling elder in connection with the Presbytery of Holston, and that his paternal ancestors were all Presbyter- ians. He speaks in terms of great respect for his father, whom he lost when about sixteen years of age, and mentions with feeling the coincidence of his capture on the twentieth anni- versary of his death. The General was born in 1826, and is, therefore, nearly thirty-six years of age, but (without gray hairs) looking somewhat older. He has a modest blue eye and a staid, settled visage, with an occasional smile, showing a good set of teeth, under his long brown moustache. His forehead, though not broad or high, is sufficiently well chiseled ; and his head is thinly covered with dark hair, of a deeper color than his moustache. His frame is rather muscular, his height medinm, and he is a rapid walker, stooping slightly forward as he moves.-^ The General says, that one of the greatest difficulties he has had to contend with, as a Christian, since his connection with the army, is the pressure in regard to the use of intoxica- ting liquors. The custom is so universal, that an officer who 1 Gen. Vance was commissioned in the Spring of 1S62, and distinguished himself on the bloody field of Mnrfreesboro. He made himself useful in Ten- nessee, by harassing "the enera j', and driving off fat hogs for the use of Bragg's army. He was captured under peculiar c'rcumstances, Jan, 1864. He is now a representative in Congress at Washington. 360 TTlflTED STATES BONDS) OR ■would resist the temptation, is regarded not only as singular, but as gniltj of a sort of ostentatious pi( ty. He mentioned an instance, when in the presence of General (Bishop) Polk, and other distinguished officers, his resolution was put to the severest test, but in which he was enabled to maintain his accustomed abstinence. An escaped convict (Company Q,), who has been absent six months, and wdio has been wandering in Maine and elsewhere, was caught at Wilmington, and brought back to the Fort, to- day. He will probably have to pay the penalty of his folly, by a term of service in the cells, Avith the ball and chain upou his leg. During the earlier months of my imprisonment, it w^as common to notice the convicts, both inside and outside of the Fort, ccrrving; balls and chains of divers w^eio;hts and lengths. At one time there were no less than a score of men, going to and fro with these badges of opposition to shoulder straps and Uncle Sam. Now, for some unannounced reason, the balls have been entirely laid aside, and not a prisoner is to be seen with these instruments of torture. Visited the Federal Chaplains, and was pleasantly received. They have an arduous work, and I think w^ould have no ob- jection to some new field of labor. The duties of Chaplain, either hospital or post, are very self-sacrificing, requiring good health, tact, and a heart earnest in the work. Better attendance at Avorship. Our table surrounded until late Avith neighbors, Avho are more pleased with our light than their oaa'u. Tuesday, 5t7i. — The paroled officers have received orders not to visit the barracks, nor the apartment of the political prisoners. Should they desire to see any of tlieir brother offi- cers, there must be a special permit. The privilege of attend- ding Avorship, yesterday, Avas an indulgence supervening the order. Paroles have been extended to Captains Charlton Morgan DURESS BY FEDERAL ATTTHOEITY. 361 and Hart Gibson, who have moved into the interior of the Fort, and have joined the mess of Generals Vance, Thompson, and others. The two Morgans are sprightly, dashing young men, sol- dierly in their bearing, of easy manners, and quite sensible and communicative. Dick, who is the older of the two, is not more than twenty-seven years of age. Charlton may be a year or two younger. The latter, though fluent and interesting in conversation, has a catching or drawing- in of the breath, Mdiich may be caused by a wound received in the breast at the battle of Shiloh. Col. Morgan tells me, that my sermon on Sabbath after- noon was well received; but that there was some abatement, on account of the entire absence of allusions to my political sympathies. He approved of my caution, however, as did most of those who heard me. Capt. Charlton gave me an account of a recent interview with a colporteur, who had been visiting the barracks as a professed minister of Jesus Christ. Morgan received him kindly; but called his attention to his singularly inconsistent course, in circulating the most rabid sort of ex parte papers, some of them being decorated with highly colored drawings of the United States flag. The man seemed to have no idea of the offence he was offering, nor of the utter impossibility of reaching the hearts of Southern prisoners by such politico- religious documents. Capt. Morgan also gave me a brief, but interesting account of the indignities perpetrated upon the officers of his Brigade in the Ohio Penitentiary. Among other things, he said they were all stripped stark naked, and scrubbed by a negro man, who used a hard brush ; and that the same water was used for twenty or thirty persons. When Gen. Morgan was scoured, the women of the establishment gathered about the windows, and witnessed the whole operation, as he stood in the wash-tub. It was also common for females to come into the 362 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR room, without the least reserve, when the men would be stand- ing in their drawers, or lying, half naked, in their beds. Meriou, the Penitentiary turnkey, according to the Captain, is the son of convict parents, and prides himself in being an Atheist. Once, when a prisoner requested the use of a Bible, is was peremptorily refused. The prisoners were not allowed public religious services, even on the Sabbath. Col. Duke affirms, that it was common to force the officers into a foul dungeon, known as the " sweat box," and that for the most trifling offiiuces, such as speaking to a brother officer at table, or asking one to hand the bread or salt. Such was the effi^ct of confinement in the horrid "sweat-box," that prisoners would sometimes partially lose their reason, and would emerge from confinement with their hands and fingers bloody, from scratching the stone walls; and it was not uncommon for a prisoner, on coming out into the open air, to throw up the entire contents of the stomach. Merion's cru- elties were so intolerable, that almost every prisoner has sworn vengeance against him; and it was a subject of constant con- versation, as to what methods of torture it would be best to inflict upon him, should he ever fall into their hands. Col. Duke thinks, that this miserable and wicked man had begun to experience the fires of Hell in his own bosom, even b^^fore the prisoners left — as he was, evidently, suffering with the most terrible apprehensions. Gen. Thompson has been busy, all day, opening boxes, and assorting various articles of clothing, and provisions, forwarded by benevolent parties, intended for himself and others. Gen. Vance Avas also the recipient of a lot of shoes, designed by Northern sympathizers for their Southern friends. " Judge " Rasin met with a very disagreeable contretemps this afternoon, in the return of a letter, in which he had expressed himself very freely concerning a Federal official, in Baltimore. A note accompanying the Lttcr, informed him, that should the offence be repeated, he would be j)laced in close DUEESS BY FEDBEAL AUTHOEITY. 363 confinement. The "Judge" is now rather hors du combat. Here- tofore, he has wielded heavy weapons, in this way, against some, of the Baltimore " plunderers in high places," and espe- cially upon the robber Fish, and his coadjutors; but, happening this time to push his arms against a more popular magnate, the authorities concluded he was carrying the joke too far — hence the sudden and threatening ^inaZe. The papers, of to-day, bring cheering news, in regard to the prospect of a speedy and general exchange. To the pris- oners, of every class, there is no subject of more interest than this. The delay is very trying to all ; but the " State " or " political prisoners," are especially annoyed, as they are altogether uncertain, in relation to their status in the eye of the government. As citizens, and sufferers for the cause, they feel that they have a claim for protection ; but never observing the slightest notice of this class of prisoners, in any newspaper announcements, or in any proposed plans of the Commissioners, they, sometimes, fear they may be forgotten. I have received a copy of the True Witness, of Louisville, Ky., in which the cases of Rev. Dr. Armstrong, and E.ev. Mr. Wiugfield, are referred to by the editor, with appropriate sym- pathy, and reprehension for the cruelties practised by Gen. Butler at Norfolk. God grant that the press everywhere may be awakened, by a sense of the enormity in these cases; and as chroniclers of the times, repudiate this wickedness on the part of rulers, in a Christian land. We have had another day of wind and rain; at this hour (10 P. M.) the storm continues, with no j)rospect of abate- ment through the night. A collision took place on the river, this afternoon, in full view from our window. A brig, at anchor, was run into by a bai-que — the former losing her bow- sprit and jib-boom, thus, in sailor parlance, making a "buf- falo " of her, in an instant. Wednesday, Qth, — Had another tour around the island, 364 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR with Gen. Vance. He expressed considerable anxiety about Capt. Wright, of Alabama, a friend who junij)ed oif the cars, as the officers were coming from Camp Chase to this place. It was a little singular, that the escape of this officer was not noticed until yesterday. He was standing by Gen. Vance when he made tlie leap. Col. James F. Brewer, who made his escape from the island, some time last June, by swimming the river on a board, is again a prisoner at the barracks. He was carried by the tide about twelve miles up the Delaware, but landed in safety, and made his way to the army, in time to take part in the battle of Gettysburg. He has seen fit, since his return to his old quarters, to remain incog., passing himself off as a cousin to himself. Gen. Sehoepf has had a social interview, to-day, with the paroled officers, and was in conversation Avith them for a full hour, in Welsh's (the sutler's) private room. A good deal of pleasantry passed between them ; and the General expressed himself very decidedly, in regard to his constant purpose to treat the prisoners with kindness, and due consideration. He hoped, that should he ever be taken prisoner, ho might fall into the hands of Gen. Morgan, and his officers, from whom he would expect the very best treatment — just such as he had bestowed, upon those of them who had fallen into his own hands. He told Col. Duke, that Gen. Morgan was not worth much without Jiim; and that he intended to keep him as long as he could. The parties were mutually pleased ; and the interview closed with the social glass, the General imposing certain reasonable injunctions in regard to the conversation. Several new orders were issued, at evening parade, restrict- ing the prisoners to certain bounds, and requiring all to make both ingress and egres-i through the sally-port. The postern- gate is not now to be used by prisoners ; and the " convicts " are not to be allowed to go out, at all, without passes, or under guard. DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 365 Great carelessness, or mismanagement, still prevails in regard to the rec^^pt and care of boxes. It is not uncommon to lose them entirely, if forwarded by the Erickson lin^, and left at Delaware City ; or if they are delivered, to find them rifled. Two boxes, lately addressed to myself, from friends in Delaware and Maryland, have failed to come to hand. A number of soldiers went to Baltimore, to-day, to cast their votes for the Enaancipation Constitution. Prayers as usual. Thursday, 7^/i.~" Fresh fish ! Fresh fish! A whale!" was the call made, at an early hour, this morning. The new- comer j)roved to be Mr. Ilazwell Magruder, of Prince George's Co., Md., who has been sentenced by a court-martial, to an imprisonment of one year, for harboring and assisting "Eebels." Tlie particular person whom he befriended Was Col. Gibson, of Georgia, who was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Magruder has ppent several months in confine- ment, at Washington, and was four weeks in irons. He is delighted with the imj^rovement in his condition, by the removal to Fort Delaware. Several officers, at the barracks, have expressed an earnest desire to have me visit them, for private conversation on religi- ous subjects. I shall certainly be gratified to have the oppor- tunity to do so. Gen. Schoepf will have to be consulted, and I do hope I may be allowed to see them, to-morrow. Nine thousand and forty-one votes were cast, yesterday, iu Baltimore city, for the convention, and seventy-five against it. As the actual number of vott rs, in that city, is about 30,000, it is to be presumed that the opposition, had it been allowed to vote, would have been 20,000, thus making a majority of 10,000 in favor of the South. Cunningham came up as late as half-past nine, to see that we were all safe. The watchfulness increases. We have had a beautiful day ; and I have made the best 366 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE of it, in perambulating the island, in company with several officers. Eight persons at worship ; others at cards ; a few writing ; one sick. Friday y 8th. — Had another pleasant walk, with Gen. Vance. Afterwards, enjoyed a chat with Cols. Duke, Dick Morgan, and Tucker, and Capt. Gibson, whom I found sun- ning themselves, in front of their quarters. Capt. Gibson has recently had the pleasure of a visit from his wife, who had been fortunate enough to obtain a permit to come to the island. The happy couple were entertained for three days, at Gen. Schoepf 's own house ; and the utmost kindness, and hospitality, were extended them. The Captain, who is a fine looking, and well educated young man, is Gen. Morgan's Adjutant-General. Maj. Steele was called out, from the barracks, to see a lady friend from Philadelphia. Gen. Schoepf mistook him for a minister. The Major remarked, that although not a minister, he was the son-in-law of the Kev. Dr. Breckinridge. At this, the General expressed great surprise ; and was even the more astonished, when he found that a sort of connection ex- isted between the Major and myself, through my relative, tlie Eev. Wm. C. Handy, who married another daughter of Dr. Breckinridge. " Well, well," said he, " how very strange ! all you Southern people are connected somehow or other." In the course of the talk, Major Steele inquired, "General, how does it happen, that you, a, Hungarian, should be found in arms, against an oppressed and wronged people, struggling for liberty?" It was a home thrust; and such as our exotic commandant has had frequently to bear. He could only rejily with some trite remark, and was glad to change the subject. Col. Wilmer, late Provost Marshal of Delaware, visited the Island, and had an interview with his relative, " Judge " DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 367 Rasin. " The Court " was absent so long, before it could be learned what had become of him, that we feared he had been consigned to the cells. To the great joy of his friends, he was safely back, after an absence of what seemed to be two hours. His quick walk and happy face indicated good news, " Not a scrip of the pen against me," said he. " They can't find a single record. Col. Wilmer says old Fish has com- mitted a fraud upon the Government, and that I ought to be released at once. Capt. Ahl, too, is astonished, and thinks it outrageous, if he did threaten to lock me up, a few days ago." Everybody congratulated the " Judge " on his prospect of speedy release. Devitt, who is always ready for a joke, said something about "soon flying around among the widows." Sure enough, long before night, Johnson had actually dyed the old gentleman's hair ; and if certain ladies in and about Baltimore are disposed to demur, they had better hunt up Judges Bond and King ere the lapse of the next fortnight, at least. Ninety-three recruits for Company Q, were landed at the wharf, under a heavy guard. They were afterwards drawn up in the interior of the Fort, and thoroughly searched by two sergeants (one of them galvanized), under the inspection of the Provost Marshal. The galvanized man (a Louisiana " tiger," named Deetz) was far more particular than the other. Several of the men had money, which was passed over to the author- ities for safe keeping. Company Q now numbers upwards of four hundred, most of them able-bodied and healthy young men. Occupied much of the time, to-day, in reading the " Parson of the Islands," an interesting biography of a remarkable Methodist preacher, who lived and labored on Deal's Island in the Chesapeake Bay. I am glad to see the history of this good man in print. I have long known him by reputation, but was not, until recently, aware that any attempt had been made to perpetuate his name. 368 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE About half our number at worship, others at carcjs, auJ a few. reading or writing. Saturday, dth. — Five hundred Rebel prisoners from Alton, 111., arrived last night, making the number now in confinement a fraction less than six thousand. As the exchange is going on, it is hoped, that in less than four weeks thej will all be safely returned to Dixie. Had a long talk with Chaplain Way about old times and old acquaintances, suggested by incidents in the life of Parson Thomas. He i)romises me some recollections for my forth- coming family history. Another cloudy day and stormy night. Nine persons at worship. Sunday, 10th. — We had a terrible storm last night, which drove the water over the banks all around the Island. At Post No. 12, the sentry stood knee deep in the water until relieved by another wdio was not quite so literal in the inter- pretation of orders. Two men, who were trying to make their way to the privy by adjusting some boards across certain low places, were hailed by the sjntinel, but nut hearing the call, were shot. Neither of them were killed, and one only is reported badly wounded. I have not learned further partic- ulars, except that the men were Tennesseeans. At 10 o'clock, in company with Gen. Vance, Cols. Duke and Coleman, Capt. Morgan, and my room-mate Brogden, I repaired to the barracks, to hold another Sabbath morning service with the officers. The congregation was not quite so large as on last Sabbath, but tiie room was well filled, aiA we had a pleasant time. I preached from I. Cor. ix, 24, "So run that ye may obtain." Gen. Vance and Major Bu'lock, with other officers, sat near the stand, and acted as a sort of choir. The Chaplain, Capt. Samford, did not come forward until after the services were over. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 369 On leaving " the Pen," a young man approached me, and extendhig his hand, said he : — " I heard your sermon and listened attentively. You told us that a man might be a lawyer, a physician, soldier, or any- thing else, and serve God righteously as such, provided, the duties of his profession or occupation are j)erformed with an eye single to His glory. Now, sir, I am a lawyer; and I want to know why a gambler has not as much right to serve God as any other man." I had, in the course of my sermon, alluded indirectly to the vice of card-playing, and the question was evidently proposed with a sort of exultant air, to catch me with my own words. " If it were true, as I had suggested, that secular duties were religious duties, when attended to at the right time and in the right place, why," said he, " could not a man, as au amusement, indulge a little in gambling ? " " It is Impossible," I replied, " to serve God and be a gambler. The two things are wholly incomjDatihle." "Does the Bible say anything about gambling, or card playing?" he rejoined. " It is true," I answered, " that the word of God is silent, in regard to the specific vice of card playing; but the priij- ciple involved is clearly revealed, and there can be no question about the fin." " Well, sir," he again inquired, " tell me, how you make it a sin?" The sin, I assured him, did not consist in the mere tossing and arranging of a number of painted cards, but in the waste of time, idle words, profane swearing, drinking, brawls, fights, dishonesty, and other ills, which, so constantly, attend the practice. " Then, upon the same principle, you may denounce the business of merchandizing, or any other pursuit of life, because men choose to b;^ dishonest, or otherwise to commit evil, in connection with their various occupations." 24 370 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR "By no means ! for sin has no necessary connection with these. Card playing, on the other hand, is seldom or never unattended "with one or more of these acknowledged evils. Even ' play- ing for fun,' as it is called, has the 'appearance of evil' — which the Apostle denounces ; and it is rarely the case, that those who play merely for amusement, do not presently put up a small sum, to add interest to the game; and thus sooner or later, from the fascination of the sport, or from love of gain, involve themselves to such an extent, as to be guilty in the long run of all the attendant sins." " Well," said he, "I love God ; and I think I can serve God quite as well as any other man." At this point, the conversation ended ; and as he turned to leave me, placing my hand upon his shoulder, I remarked, " I hope, my friend, you will see, ere long, that it is utterly impossible for a gambler to be a true servant of God." A crowd had gathered around ; and I learned from one of the company, that my lawyer friend was one of the most noted card players in "the Pen." The young man, who on last Sabbath sought a private interview, was Capt. W. C. S , of Texas. Whilst the gentlemen who came with me, were moving around among their friends, I had an opportunity fv^r a full talk with him. He told me that he had been piously educated, and that hi« parents were Preibylerians. His conscience had rejjroved him for neglected opportunities; but he never experienced any speci>J scriousne:?s, until he found himself a prisoner in the Ohio Penitentiary. Here he got hold of Nelson's "Cause and Cure of Infidelity," and although nut a sceptic in regard to Divine teachings, he f.lt himself to be a sinner, and the book was well adapteel to him in his distressed condition. His con- victions increased with such power, that he could do nothing but read the word of God, and talk upon religious subjects. His companions thought he was losing his mind, and advised him to lay the Bible aside. They all jeered and tormented DUBESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 371 him to such an extent, that it was a relief to him to get into his cell and there in his loneliness, commune with God in prayer JJnder these circumstances, and calling to mind the teachings n T'^ ^\''^'^' ^' ^^ ^'"Sth found peace in believing, tapt. S. tells me, the trouble now is, that with the consci- ousness of great shortcomings, he fears he Is presuming too much. He also complains of difficulties in his way, from his surroundings at the barracks. He was anxious to Low what course h^ should pursue, to avoid the appearance of ostentation m his devotions-there being no opportunity in the "pen'> for a moments privacy. I advised him, under all the cir- cumstances, to make a closet of his bunk; but not to shrink Irom an open and regular perusal of the Word. I suggested in this connection, that God might have some work for him to' perform, ,, the way of usefulness to others; and if so, he should not turn from it. He admitted the probability, 'and expressed a desire to study theology, for his own edificltion and comfort. It is not unlikely, that this young man, who has been "led by a way he knew not," may yet become an honored servant of Christ, preaching liberty to the captives. I met with two other young men, who introduced them- selves as belonging to Presbyterian families, and as old acquaintances of the shorter catechism. One of them Lieut Andrews, is a step-son of the Eev. Dr. Mitchell, of Florence' Ala., who was four months a prisoner under the Lincoln rule' becaL^e he could not make just such prayers in the pulpit as suited the men in power. - Services in No. 2 at the usual hour. Preached Christ to trie accustomed few. J^^onda^ 11^7.- Major Fontaine sent me a copy of his Dream Thoughts while in Prison,- which 1 wish to preserve tor his own sake, as well as the intrinsic value of the poetry I saw him yesterday on his return from the hospital to the barracks. He is walking with a crutch, on account of a 372 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE wound received in battle, and which is not yet healed. The Major has seen much service, and has been wounded thirteen times. He was shot five times whilst acting as a scout for Gen. Peraberton. He was the only one of Pemberton's scouts that succeeded in getting through to Gen. Johnston, on the Big Black River. For his gallantry, and sufferings, he was pro- moted from the ranks to his present position, by Gen. John- ston. On the arrival of Major Fontaine, at Fort Delaware, he was offered a parole of the island, by Gen. Schoepf, with per- mission also to visit Philadelphia ; but he declined the priv- ilege, preferring to remain in closer confinement, with his brother officers. Reports having reached the ears of Gen. Schoepf, that cer- tain Rebel officers have been imbibing too freely, he visited the quarters on last Sunday, and with a paper in hand, which had called his attention to the subject, he made a little address, at the table, in somewhat the following style : — " There now, gentlemen ! you see how it is — I am obliged to notice the matter. I know that a little of the ^ ardent ' is necessary to keep soul and body together ; and I have given the sutler orders to let you have it ; but you must not get drunk. If anybody, however, does get too much, you must not let him M^alk about ' the pen/ I want you to take him to his bunk immediately ; and you must keep him there until he gets sober." This good-natured, but rather too indulgent speech, from the "old Hungarian," made him a popular man, at least for one day; and three cheers having been proposed, were given with a good will, for Gen. Schoepf As an oflf-set to this lecture, my friend Tibbetts soliloquizes : " Brandy, brandy, bane of life ! Spring of tumult, source of strife I Could I balf tliy curses tell, The wise would wish thee safe in hell ! " The Confederate officers have had their money returned. The General says it is not worth much, and they can have it to play euchre with. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 373 Tuesday, 12th. — The finest day we have had for many- months; the water smooth; tlie atmosphere clear; and the view across the river so distinct, that the scenery of the Del- aware shore was developed more strikingly than I have ever noticed it before. The panorama, including the village of Delaware City, the snug farm-houses, the noble river, the many and different varieties of vessels, all contributed to make the picture beautiful, indeed. I regretted that we had no artist upon the island, to daguerrotype a scene which may not soon, again, be presented in such interesting combinations. After my usual excursion, I returned to a convenient and eligible position on the bank, and there, for an hour or more, contemplated the prospect ; talking, the while, with a poor soldier who had joined the Fifth Maryland regiment to avoid the draft, and who had occasionally sat under my ministry in the days gone by. On this day, three years ago, the first guns were fired in this miserable war. On that day Sumpter fell. It was a sad necessity that induced that terrible, but noble effort in defence of right against usurpation, in our family of States, and in opposition to a self-seeking and fanatical combination, that would have crushed out the very life of the South to build up a sectional interest in a distant corner of the Republic. How dreadful has been the result ! How many thousand hearts have been made to bleed ; how many thousands of immortal souls have gone prematurely to their final account! What vast expenditures of treasure ! What alienations ; what spite ; what horrible vindictiveness has been engendered ; and, alas, how long is this state of things to continue ? Separation — positive, permanent separation — is peace; and, if there is to be any prosperity in the future, it can only be found in the inde- pendent existence of the two j)ortions of the country. A nominal union, continued from year to year at the point of the bayonet, would be a perpetual curse. " I am for peace ; but when I speak they are for war." 374 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR One of the young men (S. B. Davis) recently shot by a sentinel, died last night at the hospital. The matter has been investigated by the authorities^ who blame but do not criminate the act. Is it not too bad, that our poor suffering fellow prisoners should thus be shot down, without redress ? Gen. Schoepf announces, that he is daily expecting an order for the exchange of the prisoners on the Island. The officers will probably go first; the privates next; and it is hoped, that those of us who are called political prisoners may not be forgotten in the winding up. Several of the Confederate officers are amusing themselves with the prison jewelry business. Generals Thompson and Vance have been quite steadily occupied, for a day or two, in manufacturing gutta percha chains, as mementos of their prison life, to be presented to friends. Cunningham, oi'e of the galvanized officers, has left and gone North. The other three are closely occupying their room, with only a sort of nodding acquaintance with those who live on the same floor. Now and then, they walk up and down the passage for exercise — but this is very seldom. There is more sympathy for Taylor than for any of the others, as he is said to be a brave man, and at heart a true Southerner. We had our usual service in No. 2. At this hour (10 P. M.) the band is serenading in the distance; a calm prevails on the river ; and the air is sufficiently pleasant to allow the window to be raised. Wednesday, ISth. — It would be mere repetition to record constant trouble with bed-bugs. Sometimes we have special difficulty. This is generally the case Avhen the nights are warm. According to anticipation, last night was spent in the midst of peculiar trials. The dirty things were continu- ally falling from the old perforated and cracked wood in the bunk above me, which is occupied by my friend Brogden. Every time he turned or moved, I thought I could hear them DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 375 dropping about my pillow; and several times they fell upon my head and fac ■. Once, a plump, bloody fellow struck me directly in the mouth. Hours passed b 'fore I could get to sleep ; and, then, only to dream, toss to and fro, and to scratch my poor hands and feet. Brogden and Richardson rubbed themselves well with oil of cinnamon before retiring, and they censure me for not using what they assure me they have found to be a specific. Notwithstanding mud and mist, walked with Gen. Vance as far as the sutler's. The General tells me, that much to his regret, he has found many of the Chaplains at the South altogether unworthy, and really exerting a most unfavorable influence upon the interests of religion in the army. He says that a Chaplain, formerly in connection with a regiment under his own command, had fallen so low, that he became the butt of the men, who amused themselves in throwing at him, or in other ways showing their disgust. The fellow at length forged a paper — purporting to be official — dismissing himself from the army. He, admits however, that he has met with many pleasing exceptions, and Jiighly commends the piety of those earnest and laborious men who, in spite of opposing obstacles, are excellent " in season and out of season," in the performance of their legitimate work. Had a pleasant conversation with Charlton Morgan, whom I find to be a very gentlemanly and affable person. At the breaking out of the war he was residing in Sicily, where he had been United States consul, and was at that time acting Charge d' Affaires. He immediately resigned his commission, and for a time acted as Secretary to the Southern Embassy in Paris. He has been in the army some two years or more, and has the reputation of being a gallant fellow. • I find that Col. Tucker is a Northern man by birth, and a graduate of Yale college. He was educated for the bar, but prefers the life of a farmer, in the fiiie blue grass country about Lexington, Ky. Hearing that several of his negro men 376 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR wanted to leave their old home, he wrote to liis wife, directhag her to give them twenty dollars a piece and let them go, with the injunction, that they should proceed immediately to the North, and select for themselves white wives among the advo- cates of miscegenation. Our apartment has been surprisingly quiet since the re- lease of about twenty of our number. Reading, gutta-percha work, and games occupy most of the time of those who re- main. The boisterous rompings, which formerly prevailed, are almost at an end; and I have heard no loud swearing for several weeks. Several of our number (whatever may be said of others) are seldom out of their own rooms, and are literally staying at home and minding their own business. To-morrow, thtee weeks will have passed since I wrote to Baltimore, defining my position on the subject of the oath, and suggesting to Col. Purnell my preferences in regard to the manner of release, then supposed to be near at hand. No reply has been received. What the strange silence means, I am at a loss to know. News from the South encouraging; the exchange working slowly; gold $1.75 in New York Only eight at worship. Thursday, 14th. — A Dutchman, belonging to the 5th Md. Regiment, committed suicide by drowning, either yesterday evening, or last night. His body was found in the river this morning. The cause of the act is unknown, Charlton Morgan showed me a list of battles, and skir- mishes, in which his brother's command had been engaged, up to the 19th of July, 18G3. They numbered forty-eight ; and in nearly eyery one of them, the Confederates had been emi- nently successful. He also states, that up to Feb. 15th, ISGH, thoy had captured not less than 25,000 men. The catastrojjhe which resulted so disastrously to these brave and patriotic men, was occasioned, altogether, by the sudden and unex- pected inundation of the Ohio. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 377 The business of smuggling liquor, into the rooms, is not likely to be stopped. It has always been done, with occasional interruptions ; but not generally in such quantities as to pro- duce very manifest results. Sometimes, however, we have had three or four, or perhaps half a dozen, evidently under its in- fluence at one time. For a day or two past, the miserable stuff has been circulating with such abundance, as to upset several of our fellow-prisoners ; and although there has been no actual outbreak, the querimoniousness of some has been exceedingly unpleasant. How strange and almost universal, in these war times, is the thirst for strong drink ! Would that our young men could see the evil in its true light, and dash forever from their lips the poisoned bowl ! I have suffered terribly, of late, for the want of congenial Christian society. We have only two or three professors of religion in our apartment — only two, indeed, who are posi- tively known as such. These (Grymes and Maynadier) are both good men, and I esteem and love them much ; but they are cramped, and restricted by surrounding circumstances. Sometimes, I am almost tempted to wish, that a few more earnest, whole-souled Christian men could be arrested, and sent to Fort Delaware, that we might lay ourselves out in some more decided and systematic efforts, for the spiritual well-being of the unbelieving and impenitent ones around. I find my imprisonment wholly unfavorable, not only to bodily health, but quite as deleterious to mental improvement. Close study is impossible. Indeed, it is, sometimes, difficult to fix the mind upon the easiest and lightest reading. I am not alone in this experience. Some are complaining of an utter impossibility in this respect; and others, of an entire loss of retentiveness, even after repeated readings. Anxiety, care, suspense, and the sense of oppression so en- gross the mind, that there seems to be no room for new thought, nor sufficient control for any valuable combination of ideas. In two or three cases, I have noticed an evident 378 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR weakening of the mental powers, and the gradual decline has been a distressing spectacle. How frail is man, under any circumstances, but especially in prison, without the help of God! Felt discouraged to-night, with only six persons at wor- ship. Friday, 15th. — My friends, Grymes and Maynadier, had a hot discussion about the comparative valor and activity of Maryland and Virginia regiments, during the present war — each contending earnestly for his own State. The debate was long-continued, and it is impossible to say when it would have ended, had not Maynadic r bethought him of an argument in Grymes' beautiful Maryland wife. The allusion to the necessity of a Virginia soldier resorting to Maryland for such aid and comfort, was like oil uj)on the troubled waters, and the excited disputants relapsed into their accustomed good humor. Had a short walk, in company with Colonels Duke and Ward. Col. Ward is a Tennessee lawyer, commanding au unnumbered regiment in Morgan's Division, which bears his own name. He is tall, affable, and quite communicative in conversation. He regretted not hearing me preach last Sab- bath, and informed me that the officers had expressed the wish that I should preach twice on each Lord's day. Lieuts. Thomas, and Andrews — both of them staff officers — are enjoying paroles, handed them yesterday ; and are quartered with the other gentlemen who have the same privilege. A revival of religion is in progress, in the Methodist and Presbyterian churches in Delaware City. A large number of persons are said to have found the pearl of great price. In the Presbyterian Church, the Rev. Mr. Hamner, son of Dr. Hamner, of Baltimore, is assisting the pastor, Rev. Mv. Gay- lord. The latter minister, it will be remembered, was instru- mental in my imprisonment at this place. I can truly say of DTJRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 379 him, as Paul did of Alexander, the coppersmith, that he " did me much evil;" but I have, from the first, heartily forgiven him; and it has never occurred to me to pray, "the Lord reward him according to his works." All I desire is, that be may see his error, and that, as a faithful servant of Jesus Christ, he may win many to righteousness. ]\Iajor Hammond dreamed last night that he saw me in a dying condition, with a tin cup in my hand, trying to drink. He thought he made an effort to assist me, and was annoyed that others around did not lend a helping hand. In his dis- tress he called loudly, and was heard by Brogden in our own room. Gen. Vance tells me that he has received a letter from his friend Major Wright, who made his escape between Camp Chase and this place, and that he is now safely in Montreal. Eight persons at prayers. The sentinel has just announced — 10 o'clock P. M. — "all's well." He is mistaken, as I for O'^e am quite unwell, and must hurry to bed. Saturday, IQth. — I was somewhat surprised this morning, to receive from Gen. Schoepf a pass for my wife to visit the island. She has written to him, and this is the result. I managed to get it to her in advance of the mail, and I trust she will come over on Monday. A pleasant interview took jilace about noon to-day, between Gen. Schoepf and myself, with the paroled oflScers, at their quarters. The conversation continued for some three quarters of an hour. The General was in a remarkably good humor ; passed a number of jokes ; told us some interesting things about his native country; referred to his travels at the South; said that he came to America in 1853 ; had great diflBculty in mastering the English language ; gave me a pass to visit the officers at the barracks, at will; treated Gen. Vance, Col. Morgan, and others to some extra cigars ; apologized for keep- ing his hat on during the conversation, and left us eventually 380 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE with the best impression of his natural goodness of heart, and disposition to treat all the prisoners well. Gen. Vance handed me his prison album, with the request that I should give him an autograph transcript of some of my rhymes. He has promised, in the same way, to favor me with some of his own pieces. A pretty ballad which I find in his book, penned as lately as yesterday, I take the liberty of transferring to these pages. THE SOUTH. My Suuny South ! My Sunny South 1 Thou hmd of joy to me, The blissful clime where sinless youth Was spent in peaceful glee; To-night, from bars and prison walls, On pinions light and free. My spirit breaks its many thralls, And wildly seeks for thee. O'er hill and brake and rushing tide. And city's lofty spire. And silver stream and valley wide, The home of son and sire ; With tireless wing and swelling heart, Which naught around may stay, I'll burst these cords and chains apart, And seek thee — far away. The eye may droop, the form may bend. The hair be touched with gray ; Nor night, nor morn, blest peace may send. To cheer the captive's way ; But sentry's tread, nor musket bright. Nor all the dread array Which Northmen use to show their might, Can cause the soul to stay. I'll seek thy fields and woodlands wild, Thy own savannas fair; And be again the happy child That lived and sported there. And when in sleep I view thy streams, Which flow forever free. My gladdest, brightest, sweetest dreams Shall be of home and thee 1 Port Delaware, April IQth, 1867. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY, 381 King Alcohol reigns, with supreme power, over not less than six of our imprisoned politicals, to-night. Two or three are completely " soaked," and others are sufficiently under the influence of the poison to be by no means themselves. It is curious to notice the different effects produced — some merry, some angry, some talkative, some morose, or silent; but all making themselves more or less disagreeable and troublesome. We still have a few ignorant and unprincipled fellows among us. "Why these characters should have been associated with others, so superior to themselves in decency, position and influence, it is hard to divine. To call them " political pris- oners" is a burlesque. Some of them can't read their own names ; they have no just appreciation of the questions at issue ; they arS wholly influenced by the love of gain, or brutal spite; and have no more love for the South than f>r the North, except as they anticipate personal benefit. They are to be blamed, and yet to be pitied. They ought to be any- where rather than here, and wherever they are, they ought to be watched. A bloody fight has just occurred between W and the two L 's. I heard the struggle in the passage some time before opening the door, hoj^ing that it would soon subside. ' The parties were all more or less worsted, and the result might have been tragic, but for the timely interference of Hammond and others, who interposed to take them apart. I was about closing without mentioning my visit to the hospital. On showing my parole, I was allowed to go in and see Robert Reynolds, and a young man named Lcfevre, from Baltimore. Reynolds is from Portsmouth, and has been at Fort Delaware ever since the battle of Gettysburg. He is now suffering with pneumonia. His mother has visited him once, and is expected again next week. I endeavored, faith- fully, to advise with both the young men, and pressed the subject of a personal interest in the blood of Christ. 382 TOUTED STATES BONDS; OR Sunday, Vlth. — On entering "the pen" this morning, my attention was called to a crowd of persons, standing on the two sides of a ditch, in which was a surface of water some four or five feet wide, stretching across the area. Approaching the spot, I found that they were officers of various grades, amusing themselves with miniature vessels of chij)s, or bark, with extemporized sails. Had it not been the Sabbath, I should not have been surprised — as it is a fact that almost any trifle will serve to amuse a prisoner, whose life is generally one of the most wearisome monotony. But why should I have been astonished at all ? For what is the Sabbath, in these days of War, more than any other day, but as a day of inspection and parade — or (if varied at all) but a soldier's play-day ; and what are soldiers (like other men) but children of larger growth ? ]\Iy congregation, at the officers' barracks, was quite as good as on last Sabbath. The services were held, as usual, in No. 31, the apartment occupied by the Morgan corps. The body of the room was well filled ; and many persons occupied the two tiers of bunks on either side, which, as I stood at the end of the room, had much the appearance of galleries. I have never had a more intelligent and orderly congregation. The time of service was announced by a choir of singers, who sounded forth their full notes of excellent music, with enliven- ing effect. My discourse was founded upon Prov. iii. 1 7 — my object, of course, being to show the pleasures of religion. At one period of the sermon, I thought I observed considerable feeling; and it seems to me that God is with us. Who knows but that the seed sown this day may bring forth much fruit ? " The day will declare it." Among the officers at the barracks is Major Ferguson, of Va., who captured the Yankee General Scammon. He was afterwards separated from his command, and was himself taken — the capturer, and the captured, each now beguiling their hours in his enemy's prison. The Major is a fine look- ing man, with full black beard. DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 383 I also met with a young Lieutenant, belonging to the 3d Georgia regiment, which was for several months quartered near Portsmouth. This young man, whose name is Bristed, says he has heard me preach several times. My services to-night, in No. 2, were short, and the congre- gation as small as usual. We prayed for those who joined not with us. ***** Monday, IS^/u— I have had a great treat to-day, in a visit from my wife. She was accompanied across the river by Chaplain Way, who, with great kindness, invited us to occupy his room. An annoyance occurred at the wharf, with a cor- poral, who refused to let a hand trunk pass, until searched. The trunk contained clothing, which Mrs. H. had brought over, to provide for any sudden emergency of my release by exchange. Just as she was leaving Delaware City, a person handed her a small bundle, and a pamphlet, giving her no information about thera. For more than an hour I was ex- ceedingly uncomfortable, lest there might be something contra- band. After the search was completed, and both the trunks and a basket were pronounced approved, my relief Avas great. An opportunity occurred for walking around the island, and, for the first time, Mrs. Handy became acquainted with the locality of different buildings, and out-door movements on the " Pea Patch." After an agreeable day, she left on the mail boat at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied by Mrs. Stanley, wife of Rev. Mr. Stanley, of Prince George's county, Md., whose son is an invalid at the hospital. After the usual worship in No. 2, a general debate arose in regard to the reported massacre at Fort Pillow— some approv- ino", others condemning the current newspaper statements. A majority seemed to think it perfectly right to refuse quarter, in all cases, to officers and men of negro regiments. To my own mind, one of the most horrible features of this war is the vindictive and relentless spirit that is so commonly manifested 384 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE on either side. The barbarian character of the invasion, and the remorseless idea of extermination, with the ten thousand cruelties inflicted upon prisoners, citizens, and even women and children, have engendered in the Southern mind a feeling of hate, and a desire for retaliation, that roots out all piety from the heart, leaving oppressors and oppressed in a like condition of dreadful sin. Alas, for the Chui'ch of Christ ! What a miserable wreck does she seem to appear! But thanks be to God — the day cometh, when "nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." Tuesday, Idth. — A very exciting day — more so than any we have had for a long time. In the morning a bloody fight occurred in the interior of the Fort, between two members of Company Q, who were seized by the guard and removed from sight. In a few moments after, another member of this redoubtable corps was taken to the guard-house, the spectators from the windows concluding that he had some connection with the fight. In the forenoon, perambulated the Island with Gen. Vance. Having made our rounds, hauled up at the "bull pen," showed our passes, and went in to the prisoners. Visited several of the divisions, formed some new acquaintances, and had a cosy chat with several clever fellows, who gathered around to hear something new. Was informed by Capt. Sam- ford, that regular evening services are held, in which he, Major Bullock, Capt. Shane, and others take the lead. Found that the number of professors of religion, known to be such, is not more than fifteen or twenty. A few persons had expressed some interest during the week, about the welfare of their souls, and one had solicited special prayer in his behalf. Cards seemed to be the order of the day in one room ; in an- other a number of persons were busily engaged about the stove in reading, and others were occupied at chess. Many were prom- enading the board walks, and a number were sunning them- selves airainst the sides of the building. DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 385 Inquiring about the "living," all agreed that at present there is no scarcity of food, but the quality was universally reprobated. The bread was complained of, as exceedingly coarse ; and the meat, they affirm, is invariably boiled without salt. They have rice and beans occasionally, but no other vegetables. A few cases of small-pox had occurred, but there was not much complaint of sii-kness. Capt. W. R. White, of Arkansas, who is suffering from general debility, and looks bad, referred to his own need of appropriate diet. Col. Brewer gave me a short account of his remarkable escape last spring, after swimming nearly all night in his pants and boots, and landing ten or twelve miles up the Delaware. L.ft at the call for dinner, with pressing invitations to come frequently. Tibbetts has had a day of trouble, arousing the sympathy of all his fellow prisoners. Just as I was about leaving for my morning walk, a message comes, ordering him to the General's office. The object is, to show him a letter intercepted in Philadelphia, aiid to ascertain what he knows about it. It proves to be a letter which he wrote some three weeks ago, to a lady in Western Virginia, and which he had sent by the underground conveyance. The General excited ; wants to . know how he came to send such a letter (it was severe on the . " Yankees," in the region of New Creek) ; demands the name of the carrier; threatens him with the cells; Capt. Ahl inter- poses, and Tibbetts is sent back to his quarters, acknowledging the letter, and implicating no one, save the washerwoman, whom he had unfortunately referred to in the letter. At in- tervals of an hour or more, our room-mate is sent for a second and third time. The General questions him more fully as to the manner of sending the letter; presses the subject, to ascer- tain whether Tosner, the regular mail-carrier, and husband to the washerwoman, is not implicated. He wishes to know also, to what extent the contraband communication has been going on, and which of the prisoners he had aided in sending letters. Tosner and his wife are both called up and catechiz.d. 25 386 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Mrs. T. admits, that she sent this one letter iu a bundle by her husband to Delaware City. She gives no satisfaction as to whether the carrier had any knowledge of her act. Tosner is threatened; he remonstrates; the General orders the engineer to discharge him forthwith ; Tosner thinks tlie sentence should be delayed at least for a day or two. The General talks more mildly to Tibbetts, who gives no more information than ap- pears upon the face of the detected letter. The "Commissary" returns, greatly troubled about Tosner, and caring nothing for himself, even though he be sent to the cells. Everybody wants to know the result. A sort of livee is held ; the whole story is told ; and Tibbetts comes off with flying colors, receiving the congratulations of the whole house for his firm- ness and honor. "Fresh fish!" Two young men, J. W. Boucher, of Georgetown, D. C, Samuel H. Pairo and Kent Williams, of Baltimore, have joined our corps of " Politicals." They are all charged with blockade-running; and have been sentenced by Gen. Lew. Wallace to confinement at this place. The second named is a son of Mrs. Pairo, who was recently sent South by the Yankees. The excitement produced by the arrival of the strangers reduced our praying circle, to-night, to a number — I was about to write, barely sufficient to claim the blessing — Grymes, Maynadier and myself, who comprise our prison church, were each in our places ; and Long — who, thougli not a professor of religion, is seldom absent — was true to his rule. Wechiesday, 20th. — Three-quarters of a year, this day, since my arrest in Sussex. It is difficult to realize it! To look back, in detail, the time has been long. The confinement, separation from my wife and children, anxiety of mind and bodily sufferings, have all contributed to give me a protracted ordeal. At a general glance, however, going back to the latest scenes, I can scarcely realize the lapse of more than two DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 387 or three months. This seems to be the experience of others. . In looking forward, we should scarcely feel capable of endur- ing; but in the retrospect, we are like these that dream. Mrs. Reynolds, of Portsmouth, is still here. She has been more fortunate than others, in getting to see her sick son. Happening to be ward-master, at the hospital, he has a pri- vate room, where she may be with him night and day, render- ing such attentions as he may need. I found no difficulty in getting access to the room ; and spent an hour talking to the mother about the state of things in Portsmouth, and to her son on the more important subject of his soul's welfare, Mrs. E,. congratulates me upon my absence from home at this time, assuring me that the Yankee rule in Portsmouth and Nor- folk is almost i;itolerable. Among many other things, illustra- ting the cruelties of Butler, she says that he sent a young lady, named McCarrick, to Fort Hatteras, where she was without a single female a^ociate, and kept her there twelve days, be- cause she would not reveal the names of certain parties, who had aided her in getting across the lines with a few articles of clothing, needed by her brother in the army. The wicked tyrant is, also, said to have connived at a forged letter, pur- porting to be from this same young lady, in which she is made to criminate Mrs. Foster, of Norfolk, and an acknowledgment is thus extorted, corroborating the charges; and, of course, he made her to suffir the consequences. After prayer by the bed- side of young Reynolds, for which he heartily thanked me, I hurried away to other scenes. About thirty wounded prisoners from David's Island, N. Y., were landed this evening, and made their way to the liospital. All of them were on crutches, save one man. Preparations are going on for the exchange of five hundred convalescents from the hospital. A transport is expected to take them off to-morrow. Gen. Schoepf says that all the prisoners, now on the isltind, will be exchanged in about ten days. So, also, he told us, near two weeks ago — that there would be 388 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR a number of transports here in less than ten days. All this may be to encourage the prisoners ; but the effect is sadly the re- verse. Richardson says a sentinel with whom he was talking on the bank, spoke very bitterly of the political prisoners, and remarked that the " Rev. Able Handy, who wears the long hair, ought to be hung." " Mosieur Tonson has come again ! " De La Mar popped in upon us, suddenly, to-night, looking and acting very much after the old fashion. He has been under ]3arole at Wilming- ton, but with a strict guard, day and night — a paradoxical condition certainly ; guarded, and yet on his honor not to make his escape. His wife, who has been ill, is now better. He has renounced his British protection, and returns to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, with a view to his release to-morrow morning. Thursday, 21st. — I was much surprised by another visit from my wife. She came over to show me a letter from Col. Purnell, announcing the decision of Judges Bond and King in relation to my release. He says, " I am sorry to inform you that Judge Bond sent me a note, this morning, stating that he is unwilling to recommend Dr. Handy's release, upon any other terms than those proposed to him, to wit: taking the oath of allegiance — this, notwithstanding he promised me to allow him to go South, or to Canada. Judge King, however, is perfectly willing to his release, and says it should take place immediately." He also advises my wife, as the only remaining alternative, to go with letters from prominent persons, to the Secretary of War, and in case of refusal, to make direct appli- cation to the President. Such then is the prospect before me — still a prisoner, and likely to be for months to cimie, unless God shall interpose some special j^rovidence in my behalf. I liave no hope whatever through Stanton ; and though, by a persevering and toilsome effort, Lincoln might be reached, and perhaps DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 389 moved, the embarrassment and exposure would be more than I am willing that my wife should encounter. Thank God, I feel strengthened, and my mind is steadily fixed in regard to the un- reasonable and wicked test, which those in power would force upon me. I will not injure my conscience, nor bring disgrace upon myself and family, to save the flesh. Duty seems to me to be plain. The result shall be left to Him who hath said, " Fear not him who can kill the body, but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell." The three new-comers, Boucher, Pairo, and Weems, called in this evening at No. 6, and made themselves quite pleasant in conversation. Boucher is a merchant of Georgetown, D. C. He has been imprisoned for three months in the old Capitol at Washington, and is now sent to this place by sentence of court-martial, for aiding a Miss Murray to get as far south as Rockville, Md. He is to serve out a term of twelve months, in addition to the time already spent in prison. At the old Capitol Mr. B. was confined in the same room with twelve Yankee officers — all of them charged with robbing the government under which they held military commissions. Among the number, was the notorious Fish, late Provost Marshal of Baltimore. The account which he gives of this man's character corresponds with the generally received state- ments of his low-mindeduess and villainy. He says he is one of the most vulgar, and indecent men he ever saw. His con- versations are constantly of lewd women. It was his boast, that he had stopped the ladies of Baltimore from wearing the Confederate colors, by employing bawds, and women of the town, to dress in " red white and red." This he did, officially, and by direction of his superior officer and coadjutor, the tyrant Schenck, who encouraged him in the j)ayment of large sums to employ this vulgar agency in the protection of the United States Government. Boucher affirms that the other officers with whom he had the misfortune to be thrown, were of the same low stripe with Fish; and that they were so 390 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE exceedingly disagreeable to him, by reason of their constant obscenity, and other expressions of depravity, tliat he got a parole, which allowed him to leave the room with long inter- vals of absence. Pairo was formerly connected with the 3d Alabama regiment, which was encamped, for a time, near Norfolk —as fine looking a body of men as I ever saw. I remember well when they passed through Portsmouth. Their unusual height, in- telligent and healthy appearance, and numbers, were subject of universal remark. Pairo's grandfather was a Prussian, whom I distinctly remember from the days of ray childhood. Mrs. Stanley, wife of the Rev. Mr. Stanley, of Maryland, who has been visiting her sick son, was to-day ordered to leave the island. I saw her going to the boat, in company with the Provost Marshal. The order took her by surprise, and of course caused her great distress. Her son, who was expectino- an immediate exchange, is now denied the privilege. No explanations have been given, and we are all ignorant" of any cause.' Friday, 22c7.-Spent much of the day with the Confederate officers, in the interior of the fort and at the barracks. Con- versed with Capt. W , whose health is very poor, on the j,r,^/v'i^*^?""7^°S®^*''-^°*f^°™^'<^"erofC.H.Stan]ey,Esq. dated Oct 2Sfh iwt change. I had beoa ill, and my niother ainved to be wi t h m? '^"^''1°/' ^'^Z who was in command/supposed I should tXe the o-itlTof^lTp^"!o,V°''- '^^^^oepf, Kl^n"""? "f ff ^<^ «'>"«i<5ired he had extendl^d to n y mX7a nd^ had requested that my name should be put iu the lifst to ko II> ■ rin™n? i t ^^ came to me-my mother was si ttinj? at my bedside-and s-iid • ' sm ,, ?f,. i ^' ^^'^ want to ^o South and fl^^lit a-ain?' I answered 'I wi^h:> lm^^>^ •'^°^'*iH He replied, 'You shan't go South, you shai ^tay u'eriaTid die ' Eefn 'Son. toif. f,^;'f'^®'^ my mother to go to the Fort and remonstrate wifli hfm tt^ told herhecouldbe'asmiidasaiamb.andasflerceasatiu-Hr nni if l, such a rebel as to bo willing for me to go South she did .i^t Av^'^ f '^^^^ ^'^^ DelaJlfe?.",^"^^", of vi.iUng mef' nfthen oVde^ld^kVafde^'to^t^a^e h^FTo" Delaware ( ity, and refused an earnest request to eo hack ai.rt hi,i !^^ . bye. I could only surmise that she had been sen t Iff. no mesla-e ev?n f."^?"^' n ?Wv'* ™*'- '^'\^ '■^/i'^^'' Sloven ^^A satchel, and I l.ep??h^m un?il I mm-ne^^^^ after the war. As it happened, the advance of the Federal Army prevented nn exchange at that time, and through the Secretary of Schcepf I inanal^,! f'^f,^ exchanged among the first in September." '^^uaepr j. inanaged to be buX:on»tlTrf 7uTl^1: '"' '"'''"'"''' "' ^°"'^ Mountain, near Gettys- DUEESS BY FEDERAL ATJTHOEITY. 391 subject of personal religion. His mind is much exercised in regard to his spiritual condition, and I was gratified to learn that he had been benefited by ray sermons, and is now " faintly hoping." • Had a long talk with Capt. Morgan on religious subjects. Questions were proposed in regard to the condition of the soul immediately after death ; an intermediate state; the justice of God in the eternal punishment of the sinner; the final condi- tion of the heathen, &c. — a field entirely too wide even for a partial survey ; subjects too high even for the greatest intel- lects, or most profound Bible students, to speak with certainty. Major Rasin has received a mysterious letter, postmarked New Casile, Del., and purporting to bo from a friend, Avho informs him of a wonderful feat performed by De La Mar, ju*t as the steamer was leaving the wharf. It spates that a lady having fallen overboard, De La Mar had leaped into the watei', and after swimming a considerable distance, had saved her life. The "Judge" does not know what to make of it — he is unable to identify his reputed friend, and says the style is peculiar. Company Q has had an accession of some thirty recruits, all from the Potomac. The corps have been notified, that many of their number will leave to-morrow, for the Dry Tortugas. On the strength of the news, some of the fellows got up a burlesque puy-day scene. A man was rolled around the yard in a wheelbarrow, with a box in his lap, to represent the paymaster. On the arrival of this important personage, the Fort resounded with cheers, and there were many demon- strations of joy. A good hit; but it will be a long time before their pay-day really comes. Tosner, our late mail agent, moved his effects from the island, to-d:iy. The average attendance at prayers. Saturday, 2'M.— ^Anartht from Philadelphia has been at 392 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE work all day, in the casemates, photographing the faces of Confederate officers, and a few of tiie political prisoners. Special permission was grante I by Gen. Schoepf, who selected the photographer, and sent for hira, himsv^lf. He seemed to enjoy the progress of the work ; and as most of us appeared in our best attire, we were complimented by hira, upon our improved appearance, which, of course, was attributed to our residence at the fort. Another visit to the barracks. Took my autograph album with me, and left it for the signatures of the officers, and such scraps and sentiments as they might choose to record. Became acquainted with Lieut. Moore, of East Tennessee, who was at one time a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church, at Chat- tanooga, under the pastoi'al charge of Rev. ]\Ir. Bradshaw. Major McCreary is another young man from a Presbyterian family, exceedingly gentlemanly and polite, and his appear- ance soldier-like. Capt. Moore, of Texas, seems to be a pious man. Capt. W told me that some years ago he joined the Church, but at a time of excitement, and with no well grounded hope. Capt. S is greatly In earnest to know more of the Scriptures, and the religion of Jesus Christ. He longs to be a minister of the Gospel ; but shudders at the long preparatory training required by the Confession of Faith ; is determined, however, tu persevere in the work. He gave me an interest- ing a. count of his religious feelings, and of the c'jange wrought in his heart, at the Penitentiary; and ref>.rrcd with modesty and gratitude, to the blessing which God had already given him, in making him an instrument in the conversion of one of his associates. We secured an opportunity for a private interview, in a vacant ward ; and spent half an hour or more in talking of such matters as most delight a young Christian. The interior of the fort has presented a scene of continued excitement, all day. Besides the picture business, which has engrossed many minds, and much time, the authorities have D-UEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 393 been busily making preparatioos for sending off a part of Com- pany Q to Florida, One hundred and eighty men took the boat, this evening, under a guard of fifty '"galvanized" men belonging to Ahl's Battery, and who, though not one of them is from Delaware, are called " Delaware Volunteers." Several of tlio convicts have privately notified some of the Politicals, of a scheme to seize the boat and run her on the Southern shore. A number of poor Confederates from the barracks, came within the Fort this afternoon, with a cart to haul out some rubbish. By some means it was ascertained that they wanted bread. Every loaf or slice that could be spared from our rooms, was gathered up and thrown out to them from the windows. It was painful to see them eagerly rushing with uplifted hands, to catch the smallest stale scrap. Some of them began to devour with eagerness, whatever they were fortunate enough to secure ; and others filled th ir pockets and coat- bosoms, with the precious food. What does all this mean ? — Are these men starving ? They are hungry, very hungry — else they would never degrade themselves by rushing for stale bread — scrambling for it if it should fall into the dust, and then eating it with evident relish. Who is to blame ? — There is fault somewhere. The "Judge" has found that the letter of yesterday was a hoax. It was handed to the Sergeant (as he came up with the mail), who, being a new man and a jolly fellow, was willing to humor the joke. The poor man has suffered for his folly; for the "Judge" having discovered that he had been "sold," accosted the carrier, and threatening to report him, gave him a dreadful scare. Some of our mischievous boys are chuckling over the trick. Our number was increased to-day by the addition of Capt. Aud, of Montgomery Co., Md., who has been sentenced to one year's imprisonment at this place. He is charged with aiding, or j^romising to aid, Miss Murray in her escape to the 394 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR South. He has been robbed by the Yankees of about $3000 worth of stock and other property, besides losing a number of servants. Eight or ten at prayers. Sunday, lAtli. — INIy congregation at the barracks was quite as good as heretofore. We assembled in a new room, and consequently had many new faces ; whilst some, who have been heretofoi^e attending, were not present. Tliis occasioned some embarrassment, as I had selected a subject with special refer- ence to several, whose difficulties had become familiar to me from repeated conversations. IMy audience, however, was re- spectful and attentive, and the result may show the particular ordering of Him who wisely directs and over-rules all things. Subject: the Mysteries of Divine truth — taking John iii. 9, as the basis of remark. Had some conversation with Capt. Samford, in regard to the propriety of appointing a sacramental meeting. He ao-reed with me as to the utility and importance of such a step; and it is probable that we shall arrange for the service on next Sabbath. I found the photograph man at the officers' quarters, regu- larly fixed up for taking pictures. I am told that during the day he took a number of faces, paying no respect whatever to the sacred hours of the Sabbath. But this desecration of the Lord's Day is not at all uncommon. In the course of the afternoon, I could see from my grated window, great ci'owds of men, belonging to the 5th Md. Regiment, engaged in various sports, such as throwing at a mark, pitching quoits, and boxing ; and afterward the usual dress parade, with music by a full band. Very unwell all day, and have done but little reading. At night tried to hold the usual services, with body and nnnd wholly unfitted for the work. Few in attendance. DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 395 3Ionday, 25t7i. — Several days have jDassed since the an- nouncement that the sick were about to be removed. Many poor fellows liave been Avaiting in anxious suspense ; but still no transport comes. On the night of the order to get ready for" removal, an unusual number of patients died in the hos- pitals. Since then, everybody has been trying to be ready to go. Many are now convalescent, who were thought to be quite low. The rolls have been newly revised ; the men have been paroled; many letters have been written, and handed over to the authorities to be sent directly through ; and all is anxiety and expectancy. Capt. Long was very unexpectedly released to-day, after taking the oath of allegiance. He has always been ready to avouch his attachment to the Constitution; but has no friend- ship for the Administration, or its acts. Like most of those who have been released, however, he considers the oath of very little force, in view of the compulsory circumstances un^»er which it is subscribed. Capt. Ahl, having some knowledge of his feelings on this subject, asked whether he would be sincere in taking it. Long simply replied, that " he would take it." On his return to his room he was evidently dis- turbed ; and it was some time before he could be prevailed upon to gratify the general curiosity to know why he was called down. He presently jumped into his bunk, where, as he stretched himself out, and feeling more at home, he ac- knowledged the act; said he would not have done it, but for his family ; and that it was the first time he had ever taken an oath in bad faith. Such are some of the evils of this imposi- tion upon the rights of conscience. Maynadier gives an account of a young man named Dashlel, from North Carolina, who, after a long imjDrison- ment (at Fort McHenry), finding no way of getting out, except by taking the oath, applied to the authorities for permission to do so. Not altogether satisfied in regard to his loyalty, said Gen. Morris : 396 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR " What are you in favor of?" "I nm in fav.r of everything the Government wants " re- plied Dashiel. ' "But what measures do you apjorove of^" a J^Z*'^'*®''''" T "'""'''^' "^ ="" '" ^""^ of abolition, amalgamat,o„ suhjugat.on, confiscation, n>is«.genation, an< last but not least, of the Presi.lent's a,nnestj- ;rocIamatio„." The tlnng was too glaring. Morris was outdone, and called out m a ra^e : "Sergeant, take this man back to prison." "Aunt Janie," or Semiramis, as Gen. Thompson calls her W fo°T \' f°"r'^' "' ^-'"y^"^' ^■"' >"•« been cook-' to an h P^'-f ',<"«--' '- been ordered outside of the fort, and her valuable services are thus lost to the company, who must hereafter care for themselves as best they can The darkey, too, must suffer by this peremptory order rf our capr,c,ous authonties, for her bargain was made at seven dollars a week, ,„ greenbacks ; and her "pickings" were no small matter. " Chaplain Paddock informs me, that he has not had a funeral for several days. The hospitals, however, are fuH of s,ck, and I frequently see a hundred or more, who ar not considered s>ek enough for the hospital, ap;iying for med,«nes, m the morning. At tl,e last account there w-ere eighty oases of small-pox. Ten persons present at worship; we remembered Captain i^ong, who leaves us in the morning. r,«rf„y 2G(/.--Capt. Long leit this morning. In parting with h.s fellow prisoners, he exhibited considerable emotion As he took us each, by the hand, he could scarcely si«ak,and the tears filled his eyes. He is a worthy man, and a true friend of the South. Though not a professor of religion, he made It a point, always, to b. present at worship; he repudi- ated all iKjuoi-as a beverage; was a great talker; and being DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 397 always earnestj modest, and sensible, he was one of our most popular men ; and has left with the good wishes of all his prison associates. It was near eleven o'clock before we got through with breakfast. I am generally up some thne before my room- mutes ; and occasionally make the fire out of my turn, which I, now, choose to fill. I should generally be up soon after reveille, but for the dilatory habits of the others. When the weather is warmer, I shall not wait for them. Missed my walk with Gen. Vance, in consequence of the late breakfast. Had a round with Lieut. Andrews. This young gentleman is an aide-de-camp to Gen. Roddy. He is from Florence, Ala., and the son of a Presbyterian father. From peculiar circumstances, he did not enter the army for fifteen months after the commencement of the war. He Was a prisoner at Louisville, Ky., for several months. He has been a successful planter and merchant, and gave five hundred dol- lars, before leaving home, for the benefit of the widows and orphans about Florence. Had a protracted, and earnest discussion with Brogden, about the true and literal meaning of the word enjilade-^he contending that it meant, " firing upon a column from either side, or upon both sides, but not at a right angle ; " and I that it simply meant, "firing upon a line in its prolongation, or a raking fire in the direction of a straight line." Brogden was persistent, and the matter was submitted to the paroled officers. Quite an ani- mated talk arose; authorities were consulted, and my defini- tion sustained. Although the two Generals, a Colonel, a Captain, and all the lexicographers were ajainst him, my friend Brogden firmly adhered to his position, illustrating the old couplet : "A man convinced against his •will Is of the same opinion still." A strong feeling of opposition exists between the regular iTankee volunteers and the "galvanized" men, now garrison- 398 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR ing the island. To-day a quarrel took place, which had well nioh resulted in a regular battle. A fio;ht did occur, which caubcd Deitz, the Assistant Provost Marslial (a galvanized Louisiana " tiger"), to send the " Yanks " to the cells. After- wards, a number of men, representing both j^arties, met near wharf No. 4, where they passed threats and curses ; and a furious mel6e must have ensued, but for the apprehension of sevtre usage by the authorities. The disturbance, which con- tinued f )r some time, occurred in the presence of most of the political prisoners, who were at the time airing on the bank. Some of the liquor men complain of a stoppage of their accustomed supplies, Dr. Stone having been informed of the very disagreeable effects resulting from his large prescriptions in favor of certain parties. They have been veiy curious to know who could have made himself the busy informant, and quite a wrathy feeling has developed itself against a suspected person. The truth is, that the evil has grown so much, that an embargo has been necessary for the general good. Finished reading a work entitled " Beyond the Lines ; or a Yankee Prisoner loose in Dixie." The author claims to be a Methodist Protestant preacher, named Geer. Having patiently, and dispassionately a. ded through its 285 J)ages, I have laid it aside, disgusted with it? palpable prejudice, malice, and falsehood. It is disgraceful to the pulpit, that such a tiling should have been given to the public. I(s object is, evidently, to keep alive the burning malignity of the extreme fanatics at the North. The intelligent will, at once, discover its distorted statements; and the truly pious will be astonished at its immorality. But why should I occupy space in referring to a book, which justifies the servant in stealing from his master; connives at the making, and circulation of spurious money; and excuses a minister of Jesus Christ in telling a lie to save his life? I mention it, only, to warn the inconsiderate against the morality of this teacher of religion, and to save the time of those who do not wish to occupy themselves in reading DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 399 malicious falsehoods about clay- eaters, and blood-hounds; chaining white men in pairs by the neck ; pinning prisoners to the ground, with stakes, and exposing them to the rain for hours, to be released only to die; and last, but not least, of one who, though a married man, and a preacher, talks about a yellow girl who brings him a " possum leg," as " an angel in his eyes." Wednesday, 27th. — Visited the barracks. Found the phot- ographer still at work with his pictures. Was introduced to Col. Welby Carter, of the 1st Virginia Cavalry. He is a large, fine looking man, about twenty-seven years of age, and has the reputation of being a brave and dashing officer. His home is in Loudon county, where he has a fine residence and elegant farm. Dined with the paroled officers. Had a good dinner of ham, mock-turtle, stewed tomatoes, and other delicacies, pre- pared by Col. Dick Morgan, who happened to be cook for the day. No complaint can be made by these gentlemen, as to " prison fare." They are abundantly supplied by friends in Baltimore, New York, and ^os^o?i, with all that can be desired for comfort or luxury. Scarce a day passes that one or more boxes are not opened. To-day the assortment of condiments, confections, sealed fruits, vegetables, and other desirable articles, to the value of one hundred dollars — all from Yankeedom — and the benevolent donation of James Oakes, (Editor of the Sporting Jownal), assures us, that there is some heart yet left in the old Bay State. Gen. Thompson, M^ho is at the head of the mess, and to whom a large proportion of these articles is sent, spends much time, assisted by all the other officers, in arranging boxes, to be divided out at the barracks, among those who have net the same opportunities to procure these comforts. Mrs. Thayer continues to send clothing for our needy boys. Lieut. Tomlinson, who is quite a young man, and an aide to Gen. Ferguson, is rooming with Gen. Vance. He was 400 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR captured during the recent Stoneman raid in Mississippi. He has been in a number of engagements, and has had two horses shot from under him. AVhen the first was wounded, lie was charging a regiment, of which his own br(jther was Colonel. He gives an account of the shooting of a negro woman by fif- teen or twenty men, belonging to an Illinois regiment, for the inhuman murder and desertion of her three children. She was from the neighborhood of Canton, Mi-^s., and was running off with the Yankees. Becoming tired of her helpless off- spring, she managed to make way with two of the poor things; and when nearing Vicksburg, she put the last from her arms, and was leaving it by the road-side, when the exasperated sol- diers levelled their guns, as by a simultaneous impulse, and riddled lijr body with bullets. Tomliuson was an eye-witness of the scene. Spent an hour in a theological talk with Capt. Morgan, Lieut. Andrews, and others — aroused by the proposition of various questions which they wished me to answer. Was pleased to have this opportunity, and was gratified to find them interested in my remarks, which I endeavored without " preaching " to make as practical as possible. Frequent losses are occurring both of boxes and of money, Avhich have been forwarded to prisoners. ]\Iaynadier has recently lost a valuable box, which he had waited for with anxiety. To-day, Joice has been looking after a remittance, which he ought to have received long ago, and wlsicli, though acknowledged on the Postmaster's books, has never been put into the hands of the person for whom it was intended. The circumstances, as developed, reveal ugly dealing among some of the lower officials. Sharp words have passed, and the matter may have an unpleasant sequel. Mr. Rasin received the news of small-pox in' the family of his son, and of the death of one of his grand-children. Eight persons at worship. I DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 401 Thursday, 28th. — Accompanied Colonel Tucker to the bar- racks. Find, that the Colonel is a native of Boston, and that he left there at ten years of age. He has suffered much at the hands of the Yankees, not only in the loss of a large amount of personal property, but also in the great indignities offered his family. He is an intelligent gentleman, about thirty-two years of age, genteel in appearance, and quite unostentatious. I requested on last Sabbath, that any persons desiring sppcial advice or conversation on religious subjects, should make themselves known to me during the week. To-day, Capt. J. H. D , of Arkansas, sought an opportunity for private talk. He is a member of the Methodist Church, but like many others, who have been exposed to the evil influences of the camp, he has found himself wandering from the fold. Our interview was pleasant, and I trust not without good. I found Capt. S in one of the vacant wards, seated uj)on a blanket near one of the windows, diligently engaged with his Bible, and Mcllvaine's Evidences of Christianity,, which I left with him on last Sabbath. His heart is greatly warmed, and he is thirsting for knowledge. Gen. Vance told me, to-day, that my sermon on last Sab- bath had awakened much interest, and that some of the views presented were being used by the friends of religion in repel- ling an infidel opposition, which was developing itself among some of the officers. It is reported that Schley's regiment is to be sent to the front ; and that the Fort is to be garrisoned shortly by negro troops. I doubt this; but the rumor creates some feeling. Should it be true, our situation, as prisoners, will be greatly aggravated. The evening papers report the fall of Newbern, N. C, but it needs confirmation. I close this at 10.20 P. M., hoping to finish the evening in scratching a few lines to my family. 26 402 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR Friday, 22th. — We have had a remarkably fine clay — the su-n shining brightly ; the air pleasant; the river ruffled only by a gentle breeze, and the verdure of the fields on the Dela- ware shore promising plentiful harvests, and deriding the folly of those who delight themselves in Avar, rather than in the peaceful pursuits of agriculture. Plow often docs my eye stretch across to those beautiful banks, and my mind wander still farther into the interior, bringing vividly to memory not only the fertile country, but the people to whom I once preached — whom I sincerely loved, and who loved me ; a people who thought, and felt with me, not only in regard to the interests of religion, but for the most part, on the great issues of the day ; who approved of my votes, and speeches in the highest conventions of our church ; and who sympathized with me, in my attachment to the South. But what, now, is the feeling between us ? For myself, I am conscious of no change of sentiment, nor of any alienation of heart. But I fear it is not so on their part. With some interesting, and ever to be remembered exceptions, those old acquaintances know me no more, save as an alien, or an enemy. In sight of their very church spires, they have suffered me to languish in prison ; when sick and in need, they have not visited me ; nor have they so much as sent me a trifling remedial for my health ; nor a kind word to cheer me, in my absence from my family and amid the trying scones of prison life. " Not that I speak in respect of want ; for I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content. I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me." A floating target, roof shaped, with a staff running out from the top of the cone, and bearing a white flag, was towed down the }iver by the Osceola, to the distance of about a mile, and there anchored. We anticip ited an interesting trial of some of the barbette guns, and waited with patience, during the preparatory movements. Powder and ball were conveyed to the parapet, and a good deal of ogling was done by the officials, DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 403 with their long glasses ; but the target, which had been very- restless under the action of the tide, was presently capsized, and the fun was spoiled for the day. Monday has now been appointed as the day for the grand trial. A number of the completed photographs have been returned from Philadelphia — most of them are very good. General Vance's, Gen. Thompson's, Col. Duke's and my own, with others, are pronounced admirable. Others are objected to.^ We had eleven persons at worship ; others were busy at cards, and the remainder preferred to be excused. For a wonder, Brogden is in bed at 11 o'clock. Richard- son has just seated himself, for an hour or two in corre- spondence. Saturday, SOth. — General inspection to-day. All the com- panies out ; the soldiers in their best attire ; fine music ; the paroles signed; and with the fine weather, the island has worn a holiday appearance. The photographer has been the great man of the day. After the inspection, Capt. Mulotowski had his company paraded in squads, for their pictures. He apj)ears to be on very familiar terms with his soldiers ; and it was amusing to see him fixing the men, and adjusting their arms, caps, etc., to give them a graceful appearance. Mulotowski is a Hungarian, and was a military man before he came to this country. He has more dash and flourish than any of his brother-officers, in the garrison. He is a clever, social fellow; loves his beer, and schnapps ; acknowledges his ignorance of American politics; says "soldiering is his profession," and that he fights for the money. He treats the "Rebs " with kindness ; cordi- ally shakes hands with the Confederate officers ; and admits that a prisoner not only has a right to try to make his escape, if not on parole ; but, that duty to his Government requires him to do so, if possible. IThepopieson wood, which appear la this volume, and which were carefully- executed by distinguished artists, whilst they do not profess to be perfect /ac' similes, are as nearly like the originals as such pictures are usually made. 404 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR The artist tried his skill, with a group embracing the paroled officers, Brogden and myself, making fifteen in all. The company did me the honor to give me the central position, with General Vanca on the right, and Gen. Thompson on the left — the others seated on either side, or standing in the rear, with Bailey Key, the orderly, on a blanket in front. Something was said about bringing a couple of Rebel ladies into the picture. Gen. Jeff, good humoredly suggested, that it was "bad enough to introduce a preac/ter into such company;" and so the ladies, beautiful, and thoroughly " secesh," will be more appropriately daguerreotyped upon the hearts of certain dis- tinguished heroes, for whom their visit was more especially intended. Visited the hospital, in company with Gen. Vance — he to see certain sick officers, and I to have another interview with young Reynolds. Dr. Barker, who happened to be the officer of the day, and who has the reputation of being " a very bitter man," seemed disposed to throw obstacles in the way. AVe were admitted, however, and spent half an hour or more, with the sick. Capt. , whom Gen. A'^ance desired to see, died just after the General entered the ward. There seemed to be some fifteen, or twenty officers under treatment; but not more than half a dozen are much sick. I was introduced to Col. Dougherty, Capt. Robards, and others. Reynolds has been quite ill, but is now better. His mother is still with him, and expects to remain until he gets well. Prayed with the mother, and son; and hurried back to the fort, through a smart shower of rain. Lieut. T n has received a letter, Informing him that liis brother, who has heretofore been a Colonel in the Federal army, has resigned his position, and is now " all right." This young officer has had much to endure since the war, as Avell in the loss of friends, as in the great sacrifices he has made in identifying hims?lf with the Confederate cause. Declining preferment in the Yankee army, he was disinherited by his DUKESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 405 father. He was derided by the Union men in his own town, and his arrest ordered by his brother, for running a man through with his sword. He managed to make his escape, on a horse belonging to this same brother. He was, subsequently, captured in Mississippi, after shooting a man through the neck. The two events had no connection with each other. Both of the wounded men died. Since he has been at Fort Delaware, he has received tidings of the death of his father, mother, and two sisters, and of several children of his brother. A strange, and sad experience, for so young a man. Gen. Scboepf has again intimated to me, that a very bitter feeling exists against me, among the subordinates — for what reason he did not inform me. 1 presume, chiefly because I am a minister of the Gospel, and make no attempt to " curry favor." Be it so ! I can never be a hypocrite. But I will not be revengeful — though my enemies may continue to be ignorant of the fact that my heart sighs for peace ; and that it is my constant habit to submit the whole controversy to God, with perfect acquiescence in His will. Solemn and impressive worship, but only nine in attend- ance. XII. May. Sunday, 1st. — Had a good congregation, at the barracks, in Division No. 28. Preached from Ecclesiastes ix. 18 : " One sinner destroyeth much good^^ Unusually wearisome, and drao-wing in my remarks ; but felt in earnest, and was anxious to do good. The attention was much better than I had any right to expect. Gave notice for a lecture, and prayer meeting, at 3 406 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE o'clock on Wednesday afternoon ; and for the administration of the Lord's supper on next Sabbath. Was introduced to Capt. F. C. Robbins, a very sensible, and pious Christian, brother, who is looking forward to the ministry. We have had a report that the political prisoners are to be removed into one of the rooms of the building, occupied by Company Q. Much feeling has been aroused about the matter, and a paper was drawn up this evening, to be pre- sented to Gen. Schcepf, remonstrating against the change. The pajDer was brought into No. 6, signed by nearly all the pris- oners in the house. I declined jDutting my name to it, on the ground that no official information has yet been received ; and because too much was made of a supposed reason for the change, to wit : that we had complained of our quarters. The paper, though intended to be handed in immediately, will now be deferred until to-morrow. Mulotowski's Dutch have been dancing, at intervals, all day, and the sound has been distinctly heard in our quarters. Monday, 2d. — A beautiful morning; up early, expecting to see my wife. Took breakfast before my " chums " were out of bed. Was too soon for the boat, and occupied myself with " Young's Night Thoughts " (a favorite work), seated uj^on a chosen spot on a pile of rocks, where, should I be detained here during the summer months, I expect to have many mo- ments of delightful musing. My wife came over at 9 o'clock, bringing a couple of heavy baskets, for the comfort of her imprisoned husband. AVe took quarters at the island hotel, and spent some hours in conversing about our mutual in- terests. Got a pass from Gen. Schoej)f for my wife, to visit Mrs. Reynolds, who is still at the hospital. Had a pleasant inter- view, and prayed by the bedside of the young soldier, who is now considerably improved. Saw the " Rebs " marching in front of their quarters, during DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 407 the process of cleaning up. Was pleased to find them generally looking well. Some poor fellows, however, were evidently warn down and out of health. Noticed one man clad only in his drawers and a Unitetl States blanket. The sight greatly moved my wife. A man named Stevens, b longing to Battery A, who has been detailed as paintt'r on the new church, fell down the f tairs in one of the towers, some time last night, and was killed. This is the fifth person, out of nine engaged upon the building, who has died since its commencement. Most of them were " Rebs." This man was a Dutchman, from Piiiladelphia. A hoax has been played off at the barracks, by some of the paroled officers (the y( unger men) on their less^ favored brethren. It was' reported yesterday morning, that in a few days, five hundred privates and sixty officers would be sent off, on exchange ; and the officers would be allowed to decide which of their ntimber should go. In the joy occasioned by this apparently well-authenticated news, the question arose as to who should take the precedence in getting away. Various plans were proposed, until a suspicion arose that the report might not be true after all. Different opinions were ex- prised; bets were made, and large sums staked, when, presently, the bubble burst, and great exasperation prevailetl. The young bloods, who concocted the hoax, were threatened with ducking, the next time thsy should come into the pen. The future will reveal the result. The greatest excitement which we have ever had in our quarters, occurred to-night, resulting in a general mcUe, involv- ing M and B as principals, and H , p_ B, ^ and others as collateral belligerents. Blows were struck by the 'first two ; much feeling was manifested by everybody ; and it was some time before a few of us, who were more pacific, could throw oil upon the troubled waters. It was a most unpleasant occurrence, which grew out of a misunderstand- ino- in regard to words uttered by G in relation to 408 UKITED STATES BONDS; OR B-_-a,Kl myself, which M felt it his duty to report especially to me as his particular friend. There may have been an error of judgment; but it was the act of a good heart Calmer thoughts have now settled the whole mattef, and with he excepfon of the principals in the dispute- both of whom ever. U.