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PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS 
 
 EDITED FROM 
 
 STANDARD BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 
 AND ORIGINAL SOURCES 
 
 COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 PROGRESSIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 1910 
 

CONTENTS 
 
 Progressive Americans 1 
 
 United States Congress 417 
 
 Judiciary . 565 
 
 Executive and Others 633 
 
PREFACE 
 
 We do not know the real history of any age or country until 
 we know about its characteristic men. Most of the men de- 
 scribed are now active in business and professional careers, but 
 a few sketches have been added of men whose achievements 
 are still fresh in memory. 
 
 This most admirable collection of contemporary biography of 
 America's foremost leaders of life and thought will be an invalu- 
 able acquisition to the world's libraries and historical archives. 
 The sketches of the leaders of life and thought now at the helm 
 of America's Ecclesiastical, Civil, Military, Iudustrial and Com- 
 mercial lines of human activity have been selected with the 
 greatest of care from current historical works and publications 
 and from various other sources. As Builders and Merchants 
 they have built Cities and illumined the marts of trade; in the 
 field of science and medicine they have obtained great promi- 
 nence; in the arena of statesmanship they have produced men 
 of thought and men of action; while at the bar and in the ad- 
 ministration of Justice they have shown erudition and wisdom. 
 As clergymen, educators and lecturers they have occupied high 
 places; and as musicians, composers, artists, authors and poets 
 they have contributed profusely to social life. 
 
 This volume is submitted to the public in the confidence that 
 the careers herein described will be found stimulating to patriot- 
 ism; and a potent factor in cheering and inspiring the efforts of 
 rising generations. 
 
 "Lives of great men all remind us 
 We can make our lives sublime." 
 
 — Longfellow. 
 
 "There is properly no history; only biography." — Emerson. 
 
 "There can be no true criticism of a great American which is 
 not founded upon the knowledge of his work in daily life. 
 Whether it be in the diary of the frontiersman or in the elegant 
 studies of the university." — Edward Everett Hale. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 "To study the lives of great men is to read history from the 
 personal, vital point of view; thus history becomes real, living, 
 and interesting to many for whom abstract history possesses 
 no charms." — Wm. R. Harper. 
 
 "Present to the boy such men as he himself would like to be." 
 
 — Herb art. 
 
 "Give us men of Light and Leading." — Lord Beaconsfield. 
 
 "The proper study of mankind is man." — Shakespeare. 
 
 "Man alone is interesting to man." — Goethe. 
 
 "Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished 
 in this world, is at the bottom the history of the great men who 
 have worked here." — Carlyle. 
 
 "A sage is the instructor of a hundred ages." 
 
 — Mencius, Chinese Philosopher. 
 
 "The function of the great man is to explain the age, and of 
 the age to explain the man." — Barnes. 
 
 "The history of the race is but that of the individual 'writ 
 large.' " —Lewes. 
 
PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY 
 
 Abbe, Cleveland, meteorologist United States weather bureau, 
 was born Dec. 3, 1838, in New York City. He was director of the 
 Cincinnati observatory; and in 1871 became professor of meteor- 
 ology in the United States weather bureau and has since contin- 
 ued in that position. He is also editor of the Monthly Weather 
 Review. The more important of his many publications include 
 Solar Spots and Terrestrial Temperature; A Plea for Terrestrial 
 Physics; Atmosphere Radiation; Treatise on Meteorological Ap- 
 paratus; Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Meteor- 
 ology ; and Mechanics of the Earth 's Atmosphere. 
 
 Abbott, Lemuel Abijah, army officer, was born Aug. 2, 1842, 
 in Barre, Vt. He received the degree of B.S. from Norwich uni- 
 versity of Vermont. During the civil war he served from private 
 to captain in the tenth regiment Vermont volunteer infantry. In 
 1867 he was appointed second lieutenant in the sixth United 
 States cavalry ; in 1869 became first lieutenant ; was made captain 
 in 1880 ; and was retired from active service in 1885. In 1890 he 
 was brevetted major for gallant services against the Indians in 
 1882. It was on his recommendation that the Indian children 
 throughout the United States were sent to school, which in about 
 ten years took the Indians from the warpath, as predicted by him. 
 He fought in thirty-five battles in the army of the Potomac ; was 
 four times wounded; and afterward he served in the regular 
 army for eighten years in Indian warfare. He holds the rank of 
 major in the United States army, now on the retired list; and 
 resides in Williamstown, Vt. He is the author of a Genealogical 
 Register of the Descendants of George Abbott of Rowley, Mass. ; 
 and of a Civil War Diary. 
 
 Adams, Arthur Lincoln, civil engineer, author, was born Sept. 
 15, 1864, near Greensburg, Ind. In 1886 he graduated with the 
 degree of B.S. from Kansas state university. In 1886-90 he was 
 
 1 
 
2 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 engaged on railroad construction in Nebraska, Oregon and Wash- 
 ington ; and in 1890-96 was engaged in the design and construction 
 of various waterworks for municipalities, irrigation and other 
 hydraulic projects in the western states. Since 1896 he has been 
 a consulting hydraulic engineer of Oakland, Oal. In 1897 he was 
 awarded the Thomas Fitch Rowland prize of the American socie- 
 ty of civil engineers. He is president of the San Francisco asso- 
 ciation of members of the American society of civil engineers. 
 He is the author of numerous professional Monographs and scien- 
 tific articles that have been published in technical journals; and 
 also delivered before various societies and scientific associations 
 in the United States. 
 
 Adams, Charles Frederick, educator, entomologist, author, 
 was born April 4, 1877, in Atherton, Mo. In 1897 he graduated 
 from the university of Missouri ; and subsequently graduated with 
 the degrees of M.D. and A.M. from the university of Kansas. In 
 1902-04 he held the Snow research scholarship at the university 
 of Kansas ; and made entomological expeditions to the gulf of 
 Mexico and the southwestern United States. In 1897 he was 
 assistant entomologist of Missouri. In 1900-04 he was professor 
 of history and bacteriology in the Kansas City dental college ; and 
 in 1904-05 was assistant in zoology at the university of Chicago. 
 Since 1905 he has been professor of entomology in the university 
 of Arkansas. He is an authority on insect taxonomy, insect histol- 
 ogy and cytology; was one of the revisors of Williston's Manual 
 of North American Diptera; and is the author of several Mono- 
 graphs. 
 
 Adams, Eldridge L., lawyer, business president, was born Sept. 
 16, 1866, in Canandaigua, N. Y. Since 1889 he has practiced law 
 in Rochester and New York City. For eight years he was chair- 
 man of the municipal civil service commission of Rochester, N. Y. 
 He is president of the Manufacturers commercial company of 
 New York City; president of the Rochester folding box com- 
 pany; and a director of the Union trust company of Rochester, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Adams, Marion A., accountant, educator, college president, 
 was born Feb. 18, 1873, in Dalzell, Ohio. He was educated at the 
 Ohio northern university; attended Zanetian college; and gradu- 
 ated from the Marietta commercial college. For a number of 
 years he was engaged as a stenographer and bookkeeper; and is 
 now president of the Marietta commercial college of Ohio. 
 
 Adams, Washington Irving' Lincoln, journalist, business man, 
 banker, author, was born Feb. 22, 1865, in New York City. He 
 graduated from the high school of Montclair, N. J. For over ten 
 years he was editor of the Photographic Times. In 1896-99 he 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 3 
 
 was president of the Scoville and Adams company; and in 1901 
 was vice-president of the Montclair trust company, becoming its 
 president in 1905. Since 1901 he has been treasurer and then 
 president of Styles and Cash of New York City. He is the author 
 of the Amateur Photographer; Sun, Sunlight and Shadow; In 
 Nature 's Image ; Woodland and Meadow ; and a volume of poems. 
 
 Adamson, Charles, lawyer, manufacturer, founder, was born 
 March 17, 1859, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1882-90 he practiced law 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. ; and in 1889-90 was a member of the city 
 common council. In 1890 he organized the Cedartown land im- 
 provement company of Georgia. In 1896 he organized the Cedar 
 town cotton company to make fine hosiery yarns ; in 1898 organ- 
 ized the Southern extension cotton mill company; and in 1899 or- 
 ganized the Paragon mills ; and in each of these corporations he 
 was either president or manager. In 1899 he consolidated these 
 three companies, aggregating twenty-five thousand spindles, be- 
 coming vice-president of the corporation. In 1896 and 1904 he 
 was a delegate from Georgia to the republican national conven- 
 tions. In 1907 he was president of the Southern association of 
 hosiery yarn spinners. 
 
 Addicks, John Edward, capitalist, was born Nov. 21, 1841, in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. Works for the manufacture of gas were built 
 for him in Jersey City and for the Consumers' gas company of 
 Chicago, 111. ; and the competition which he engendered led to 
 the union of the gas companies of Chicago into the now noted Chi- 
 cago gas trust. In 1884 he organized and became president of the 
 Bay state gas company of Boston, which constructed large works. 
 In 1892 he bought a majority interest in the Brooklyn gas com- 
 pany, becoming its president ; and is now largely interested in 
 other gas companies in Brooklyn, N. Y. In 1899-1901 and in 
 1903 he was a candidate for the United States senate from Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Adelsberger, Louis, physician, public official, was born Feb. 
 16, 1862, in Waterloo, 111. His surname originated from the city 
 of Adelsberg, Austria, of which an Adelsberg was burgomaster, 
 the city deriving its name from him ; and his descendants emi- 
 grated to Baltimore, Md. He received a thorough education in 
 the public schools of his native city ; and in 1884 graduated with 
 the degree of M.D. from the medical department of Washington 
 university at St. Louis, Mo. In 1897-1901 he was president of the 
 Illinois state board of health. In 1897 he was a delegate to the 
 international medical congress held in Moscow, Russia. He holds 
 a prominent position in the medical world; and since 1890 has 
 practiced his profession in Waterloo, 111. 
 
 Adkins, William Lucius, lawyer, statesman, was born Oct. 18, 
 1859, in Colorado county, Tex. He received a thorough educa- 
 
4 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tion; and graduated from the Texas military institute. He has 
 attained success in the practice of law in Columbus, Colorado 
 county, Tex. He has been chairman of the county democratic 
 party; and he served as a democratic congressional chairman. He 
 has been a representative in the Texas state legislature; and 
 served on several important committees. He was presidential 
 elector for Alton B. Parker; and a delegate to the democratic 
 national convention that nominated William Jennings Bryan 
 the second time. 
 
 Ady, George, soldier, railroad manager, was born Oct. 20, 1842, 
 in Harrisville, Ohio. He received a thorough education; and for 
 one year attended the Lombard university at Galesburg, 111. In 
 1864-65 he served in the civil war as first lieutenant in the United 
 States volunteer army. Since 1868 he has been in the railway 
 service of various railroads; has been passenger accountant; gen- 
 eral ticket agent ; was general passenger agent ; and is now pass- 
 enger agent of the Union Pacific railroad company at Denver, 
 Col. In 1887 he was department commander of the grand army 
 of the republic for Colorado and Wyoming; in 1897 was com- 
 mander of the military order loyal legion of the United States; 
 and has been vice-president of the society army of the Tennessee. 
 
 Agard, Isaac Merritt, educator, college president, was born 
 Dec. 3, 1854, in Stafford, Conn. He was educated at Amherst col- 
 lege and at various other institutions; and has received the de- 
 grees of M.A. and Ph.D. He has attained success in educational 
 work. For many years he was principal of the high school of 
 Rockville, Conn. ; and was also superintendent of the east district 
 graded school of that city. He was twice vice-president of Con- 
 necticut association of classical and high school teachers ; and was 
 twice president of that association. He is now president of the 
 Tillotson college of Austin, Texas ; and has contributed extensive- 
 ly to educational and religious literature. 
 
 Agassiz, Alexander, president National Academy of Science, 
 was born Dec. 17, 1835, in Switzerland. In 1874-85 he was cura- 
 tor of the Natural history museum at Cambridge, Mass. Since 
 1885 he has been engaged in zoological investigation; and since 
 1902 has been director of the Museum of comparative zoology at 
 Cambridge, Mass. He is now president of the National academy 
 of science ; and resides in Washington, D.C. 
 
 Ainsworth, Frank Beveridge, soldier, reformer, was born A.ug. 
 11, 1841, in Lisbon, N.Y. During the civil war he was aide-de- 
 camp, quartermaster, adjutant, and finally provost marshal in the 
 defenses of Washington. In 1870 he was a delegate from the state 
 of Indiana to the international congress on penitentiary and re- 
 formatory discipline at Cincinnati, Ohio; and in 1867-77 was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 5 
 
 superitendent of the Indiana house of refuge. He was the author 
 of the mark system; was a director of the United States prison 
 congress; and participated in the international prison congress 
 of 1870. For the past twenty years he has been engaged in insur- 
 ance; is considered an authority on policy contracts; and is now 
 secretary and general manager of the Bankers' reserve fund life 
 insurance company of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Akeley, Healy Cady, soldier, lumber merchant, was born March 
 16, 1836, in Stowe, Vt. He was educated in the local schools. He 
 began life as a farmer and surveyor; and later became a lawyer. 
 In 1863 he enlisted in the second Michigan cavalry as a private; 
 and was mustered out in 1865 as adjutant of the regiment. In 
 1872 he went into the manufacture of lumber in Grand Haven, 
 Mich., and continued therein until removal to Minneapolis in 
 1887. He was mayor of Grand Haven two terms ; and in 1866-81 
 was collector of customs for the district of Michigan. He is pres- 
 ident of the H. C. Akeley lumber company of Minneapolis ; of the 
 Itasca lumber company ; and of the Flour city national bank and 
 the Metropolitan trust company. 
 
 Albertson, Charles S., physician, surgeon, obstetrician, was 
 born Feb. 9, 1852, in Rush, N.Y. He was educated in the public 
 schools ; graduated from Scottsville high school ; and attended the 
 Brockport normal school. He has attained success in the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Oswego, N.Y. He has been president of 
 the Erie county medical society; was visiting physician to the 
 Buffalo homeopathic hospital; obstetrician to the Lexington 
 Heights hospital of Buffalo ; gynecologist and obstetrician to the 
 Oswego hospital; and visiting physician to the Oswego orphan 
 asylum and other institutions. 
 
 Albright, Jacob Dissinger, physician, surgeon, author, was 
 born Jan. 29, 1870, in Lancaster county, Pa. He was educated at 
 Albright college of Pennsylvania ; and in 1893 graduated from the 
 Medico-chiurgical college of Philadelphia with the degree of M.D. 
 He is a specialist on rectal diseases, cancer and hernia; proctol- 
 ogist to the post-graduate hospital of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and has a 
 large special practice in that city. He is the editor of Albright's 
 Office Practitioner, a monthly journal of medicine. He is the au- 
 thor of The General Practitioner as a Specialist; and Business 
 Methods of Specialists. 
 
 Alcorn, David Nicholas, physician, surgeon, aurist, was born 
 Oct. 19, 1856, in Warren county, Pa. He graduated from the col- 
 lege of physicians and surgeons of Chicago, 111. He has been 
 expert examining eye and ear surgeon for the United States pen- 
 sion bureau; and examiner for several orders. He is a member 
 of the Northwestern Wisconsin medical society and other medical 
 
6 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 associations. He now limits his practice to the eye, ear, nose and 
 throat; and is proprietor of the Stevens Point eye and ear in- 
 firmary of Wisconsin. 
 
 Alderman, Edward Sinclair, educator, lecturer, college presi- 
 dent, author, was born May 15, 1861, in Wilmington, N.C. In 
 1893-96 he was professor of pedagogy at the university of North 
 Carolina; and since 1896 has been president of that institution. 
 He has attained note as a lecturer on historical, social and literary 
 subjects. He is the author of Life of William Hooper, Signer of 
 the Declaration of Independence; and Short History of North 
 Carolina. 
 
 Alderson, John Duffy, lawyer, congressman, was born Nov. 
 29, 1854, at Nicholas Court-House, W.Va. He was appointed 
 prosecuting attorney in each of the counties of Nicholas and 
 Webster to fill vacancies occasioned by the death of his father, 
 Hon. Joseph A. Alderson; and in 1876-88 was prosecuting attor- 
 ney for these counties. In 1889-95 he was a representative from 
 West Virginia to the fifty-first, fifty-second and fifty-third con- 
 gresses as a democrat. 
 
 Alderson, Victor Clifton, educator, college president, was born 
 June 4, 1863, in Plymouth, Mass. He graduated from Harvard 
 university ; and received the degree of A.M. from that institution. 
 In 1900-01 he was dean and acting president of Armour institute 
 of technology of Chicago, 111. ; was dean in 1901-03 of that institu- 
 tion, and also filled the chair of mathematics. Since 1903 he has 
 been president of the Colorado state school of mines. He has been 
 a fellow of the geographical society of America; historian and 
 deputy-governor society of Mayflower descendants; and has con- 
 tributed to current publications valuable articles on scientific and 
 mathematical subjects and on technical education. 
 
 Aldrich, Orlando Wesley, soldier, lawyer, author, was born 
 March 30, 1840, in Clarence, N.Y. He was educated at the Illinois 
 Wesleyan university at Bloomington, 111., from which institution 
 he received the degrees of B.A., M.A., Ph.D. and D.C.L. ; and from 
 the Albert university he received the degrees of LL.B. and LL.D. 
 During the civil war he served in the fourteenth regiment New 
 York volunteer infantry. He has filled the chair of professor of 
 law in the Illinois Wesleyan university, and also in the Ohio state 
 university. He is a successful lawyer and legal writer of Colum- 
 bus, Ohio. He has been president of the Ohio society sons of the 
 American revolution; president Ohio society of the war of 1812; 
 and also national vice-president of that society. He has been 
 president of the Worthington, Claytonville and Columbus street 
 railway company; and a director in several corporations. In 
 1888 he was a commissioner of the Ohio centennial ; and has been 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 7 
 
 vice-president of the Ohio horticultural society. He has been 
 judge advocate department of Ohio, grand army of the republic; 
 and is a member of several scientific societies. 
 
 Alexander, Albert Davidson, physician, surgeon, was born 
 Dec. 25, 1865, in McKinley, Ala. In 1888 he graduated from the 
 Medical college of Alabama ; and in 1898 was a post graduate of 
 the Missouri medical college. He is a successful physician and 
 surgeon of Mer Rouge, La. He has been a surgeon for several 
 railroads; and medical examiner for numerous life and accident 
 insurance companies. He is a member of the American medical 
 association ; a member of the Louisiana state medical association ; 
 and a member of the Morehouse parish medical association. His 
 ancestors lived in Mecklenburg county, N.C. ; and were members 
 of the original signers of the declaration of independence. 
 
 Alexander, Edward Porter, soldier, educator, railroad presi- 
 dent, author, was born May 26, 1835, in Washington, Ga. He 
 graduated from West Point academy in 1857; was promoted 
 second lieutenant corps of engineers; and served in the United 
 States army in the Utah expedition in 1858. He was instructor 
 in engineering at West Point in 1859-60; and was professor in 
 mathematics and engineering in the South Carolina university in 
 ] 866-69. He served with distinction in the confederate service; 
 and became brigadier-general of artillery. Until 1862 he was 
 president of numerous and important railroads in the southern 
 states. In 1897-1900 he was engineer-arbitrator of the Nicaraguan 
 and Costa Rican boundary commission. He is the author of Rail- 
 road Practice ; and various pamphlets and articles on railroad and 
 other topics. 
 
 Alexander, James Evans, lawyer, statesman, orange and fruit 
 grower, was born Dec. 17, 1860, near Covington, Tenn. He was 
 educated at the Tipton male high school ; and at the Lebanon law 
 school of Cumberland university. He has been mayor of Enterprise, 
 Fla. ; postoffice inspector under President Cleveland's first ad- 
 ministration; and for many years private secretary to United 
 States Senator Wilkinson Coll of Florida. In 1892-93 and 1908-09 
 he served as a representative in the Florida state legislature. In 
 1908 he was a delegate at large to the democratic national con- 
 vention. He is a prominent attorney-at-law of De Land, Fla. ; and 
 a successful orange and fruit grower. 
 
 Alexander, William H., manufacturer, was born Nov. 24, 1836, 
 in Tunbridge, Vt. He received an academic education; and in 
 1856-95 was with the Concord and Montreal railroad, the last 
 thirteen years being its purchasing agent, Since 1895 he has been 
 manager of the Beecher Falls company, a large furniture manu- 
 facturing concern of Beecher Falls, Vt. His ancestor, Randyl 
 
8 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Alexander, came from the north of Ireland in 1719, and was 
 among the first sixteen settlers of Nutfield, now Londonderry, 
 N. H. ; Randyl Alexander being one of the six grantees of that 
 town. 
 
 Aley, Robert Judson, educator, lecturer, author was born 
 May 11, 1863, in Coal City, Ind. In 1879-82 he attended Valparaiso 
 college and graduated from the teachers' course; in 1888 he re- 
 ceived the degree of A.B. from Indiana university, received the 
 degree of A.M. two years later from the same institution; and 
 subsequently received the degree of Ph.D. from the university of 
 Pennsylvania. In 1877-81 he taught in country schools; and in 
 1882-85 and 1886-87 was principal of the high school at Spencer, 
 Ind. In 1887-88 he was instructor in mathematics at the Indiana 
 university ; in 1888-91 was professor of mathematics at Vincennes 
 university; and since 1891 has been professor of mathematics in 
 the Indiana university at Bloomington. He is the author of The 
 Geometry of the Triangle Graphs ; The Essentials of Algebra ; and 
 Supplementary Problems in Algebra. 
 
 Alkire, Henry T., lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born Sept. 
 6, 1854, in Platte county, Mo. He received the rudiments of his 
 education in the district school; graduated from the Missouri 
 state normal school at Kirksville in 1875 ; and from Missouri state 
 university in 1881. He has attained prominence as an able lawyer 
 of Oregon, Mo., of which city he has been mayor and for three 
 terms was city attorney. He was a representative in the thirty- 
 fifth general assembly of the Missouri state legislature; was the 
 republican nominee for secretary of state of Missouri in 1892; 
 and in 1894 was elected probate judge of Holt county for four 
 years. For twelve years he was chairman of the republican central 
 committee; and for two years president of the Oregon school 
 board. He has written extensively on law and judicial subjects. 
 In 1894-98 and since 1902 he has been judge of the probate court 
 for Holt county, Mo. 
 
 Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold, educator, clergyman, author, 
 was born May 4, 1841, in Otis, Mass. He is prominent among 
 leaders of modern religious thought ; a professor in the Episcopal 
 theological school at Cambridge; and a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts historical society. He is the author of The Continuity of 
 Christian Thought; A Study of Modern Theology in the Light 
 of Its History; Life of Jonathan Edwards; The Greek Theology 
 and the Renaissance of the Nineteenth Century; Religious Prog- 
 ress; Christian Institutions; and Life of Phillips Brooks. 
 
 Allen, Andrew Aniel, railroad manager, was born March 19, 
 1853, near Monmouth, 111. Since 1868 he has been in railroad serv- 
 ice. He has been general superintendent of the Wisconsin central 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 9 
 
 railroad ; and general manager of the Chicago and northern pacific 
 railroad. Since 1895 he has been assistant general manager, and 
 since 1903 vice-president and general manager of the Missouri, 
 Kansas and Texas railroad company. He was one of the directors 
 of the Louisiana purchase exposition company. 
 
 Allen, Charles Julius, soldier, civil engineer, was born Jan. 
 31, 1840, in Buffalo, N.Y. In 1864 he graduated from the United 
 States military academy. He was at once appointed first lieu- 
 tenant, corps of engineers, United States army, and served in the 
 field as an officer of engineers to the close of the civil war. He 
 received two brevets for war services. In 1867 he became captain ; 
 was promoted to major in 1883; and in 1897 attained the rank of 
 lieutenant-colonel in the corps of engineers. He served contin- 
 uously from the close of the civil war to 1904 on construction of 
 fortifications and also upon river and harbor improvements, canals, 
 iron and steel bridges, roads, reservoirs and surveys. During the 
 Spanish-American war in 1898 he was in charge of the defenses 
 of Washington, D.C. ; and in 1904 was made brigadier-general. 
 
 Allen, Dudley Peter, surgeon, was born March 25, 1852, in 
 Kinsman, Ohio. In 1875 he graduated from Oberlin college; and 
 in 1879 received the degree of M.A. In 1879 he graduated from 
 the medical department of Harvard university. He is visiting 
 surgeon to the Lakeside hospital ; consulting surgeon to the 
 charity and city hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio ; and professor of 
 surgery in Western reserve university. He is a member of the 
 American surgical association. 
 
 Allea, Frederick Hobbes, lawyer, diplomat, was born May 30, 
 1858, in Honolulu, Hawaii, and is a son of the late Hon. Elisha 
 Hunt Allen, the eminent diplomat and congressman. He studied 
 in Germany and Switzerland and under private tutors. In 1880 
 he graduated with the degree of A.B. from Harvard university; 
 and in 1883 graduated with the degree of A.M. and LL.B. from 
 that instituoin of learning. In 1882 he was secretary to the Ha- 
 waiian legation and in 1883 was charge de affairs of the Ha- 
 waiian legation. He resigned; and in 1884 was admitted to the 
 bar. He has been corporation counsel of the village of Pelham 
 Manor; and also served as president of the village. He is the 
 chairman of the democratic county committee of Westchester 
 county, N.Y. ; and is the senior member of the law firm of Allen 
 and Camman of New York City. 
 
 Allen, John Marshall, physician, surgeon, was born July 23, 
 1833, near Liberty, Mo. During the civil war he was chief sur- 
 geon of the Mississippi and East Louisiana army, confederate 
 service. In 1884-85 he served as a representative from Clay county 
 to the Missouri state legislature. He has been president of the 
 
10 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Missouri state medical society; vice-president of the American 
 medical association. He has been president of the University 
 medical college of Kansas City, Mo., of which institution he was 
 professor of principles and practice of medicine ; and is also lec- 
 turer in the medical department of the Missouri university. He is 
 the son of Shubael Allen, born in Orange county, N.Y. ; and a 
 descendant of the Aliens of Massachusetts. Shubael Allen moved 
 to Kentucky in 1812, and to Missouri in 1818; and married a 
 daughter of General Trigg. 
 
 Allen, John Mill, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born July 
 8, 1847, in Tishomingo county, Miss. He served in the confederate 
 army throughout the civil war. In 1876-79 he was district at- 
 torney for the first judicial district of Mississippi. In 1885-1901 
 he was a representative from Mississippi to the forty-ninth, 
 fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth 
 and fifty-sixth congresses. In 1890 he was appointed commissioner 
 to the Louisiana purchase exposition at St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Allen, Robert McDowell, lawyer, government official, was born 
 Oct. 29, 1878, in Edinburg, Mo. He was educated at the Henry- 
 Jessee academy of Versailles, Ky. ; attended the Lexington city 
 high school and in 1900 graduated with the degree of A.B. from 
 the Kentucky state university. Since 1901 he has been engaged 
 in the practice of law. In 1900 he was appointed to a position in 
 the pure food inspection work of the Kentucky agricultural ex- 
 periment station ; was later made the head of the division of 
 state food inspection of the station; and an advisory member of 
 the Kentucky state board of health. In 1902-08 he was secretary 
 and a member of the executive committee of the association of 
 the state and the national food and dairy department. In 1904 
 he was secretary of the international pure food congress held in 
 St. Louis, Mo. He is now special counsel in certain United States 
 government pure food prosecutions; and head of the division of 
 food and drug inspection at the Kentucky agricultural experiment 
 station at Lexington. 
 
 Allen, William Alonzo, pioneer, dentist, inventor, was born 
 Sept. 2, 1848, in Summerfield, Ohio. He is an expert in scientific 
 dentistry ; and is part proprietor of Billings dental parlors of Bil- 
 lings, Mont. In 1877 he crossed the plains of Deadwood and had 
 charge of an outfit of one hundred and fifty men ; and was one of 
 the first settlers of the Yellowstone valley. He built the first 
 shingle roof house and built the first flouring mill on the Yellow- 
 stone. He started the town site of Allendale, Mont. ; and was a 
 national delegate of the prohibition party in 1892 and 1900. He 
 has had a series of adventures; was four times wounded by In- 
 dians on the plains; and was on Custer's battlefield when every 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 11 
 
 soldier laid where he was killed. He is engaged on a book en- 
 titled Twenty Years in the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Allen, William Frederick, civil engineer, meteorologist, author, 
 was born Oct. 9, 1846, in Bordentown, N.J. He was educated at 
 the Model school of Bordentown, N.J. ; and at the Episcopal 
 academy of Philadelphit, Pa. He is editor of the Official railway 
 guide ; secretary of the American railway association ; and man- 
 ager of the National railway publication company of New York 
 City. He took a leading part in securing the adoption of the 
 present system of standard time. He was a delegate of the United 
 States to the international meridian conference; and he was the 
 delegate of the American railway congresses at London in 1884, 
 at Paris in 1900 and in Washington in 1905. He is the author of 
 Standard Time in North America. 
 
 Allis, Edward Phelps, manufacturer, morphologist, zoologist, 
 scientist, was born on Sept. 14, 1851, in Milwaukee, Wis. He 
 was educated in the public and private schools of Milwaukee and 
 in Janesville, Wis. ; then in 1866 received the degree of O.E. from 
 the Delaware literary institute of Franklin, N.Y. ; in 1867-68 was 
 a special student at Antioch college of Ohio ; and in 1868-71 was a 
 graduate student at the Massachusetts institute of technology. In 
 1871-89 he was in the employ of the Edward T. Allis and company 
 at Milwaukee, when his father, the head of the company, died. 
 Since 1889 he has been engaged in research studies; and is also 
 vice-president of the Edward T. Allis' company. Since 1890 he 
 has lived principally in Menton, France. In 1885 he established 
 the Lake laboratory in Milwaukee, Wis., maintaining it there 
 for seven years. It was transferred to Menton, and is known as 
 the Allis research laboratory. He has made extensive researches 
 in vertebrate morphology; and especially in the anatomy and 
 development of the head of fishes. He is co-editor of the Journal 
 of Morphology. In 1903 he received the degree of LL.D. from 
 the university of Wisconsin ; received the decoration of the legion 
 d'honneur; and has received other marks of distinction. 
 
 Allread, James Isaac, lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 29, 1858, 
 in Darke county, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native county; and at the high school of Greenville, Ohio. 
 He soon attained success in the practice of law. In 1895 he became 
 judge of the circuit court of Ohio ; and since 1903 has been judge 
 of the court of common pleas of the state of Ohio, receiving the re- 
 election to that office in 1908. 
 
 Almes, Herman Earhart, physician, surgeon, was born Dec. 
 28, 1867, in Long Run, Pa. He was educated in the public schools 
 of Pennsylvania, attended Elders Ridge academy ; in 1889 gradu- 
 ated with the degree of M. D. from the medical department of 
 
12 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the university of Wooster at Cleveland, 0.; and graduated in 
 1890 from the medical department of the Western university of 
 Pennsylvania. He then practiced medicine for awhile in Murrays- 
 ville, Pa.; in 1890-96 he practiced medicine at Cochran Mills, 
 Pa. ; and since 1896 has had a general medical practice in Chicago, 
 111. He has been medical examiner for the independent order of 
 odd fellows ; examiner for the Protected home circle ; examiner 
 for Court of honor; and medical examiner for the Columbian 
 knights. He is a member of the Chicago medical association, 
 Illinois state medical society, the American medical association, 
 and is a member of the elks, masons, the mystic shriners, and 
 various fraternal orders. 
 
 Ambauen, Andrew Joseph, priest, author, poet, was born 
 March 7, 1847, in Switzerland. He received a thorough education 
 in Jesuit colleges; and was given the degree of Ph.D. After his 
 ordination to the priesthood in 1872, he worked for about thirteen 
 years in various pioneer mission stations in the diocese of Mil- 
 waukee, Wis. In 1886 he was appointed to St. Joseph's congrega- 
 tion at Dodgeville, Wis., and where he has ever since faithfully 
 ministered for nearly a quarter of a century. In the intervals of 
 acting pastoral duties he has contributed extensively to church 
 and popular literature. Among his works are The Friend of 
 Youth ; Roses of Heaven ; and Guide to Our Celestial Home, which 
 are all in the German language. In English he is the author of 
 The Devout Companion, Forget-Me Not; The Peoples' Friend, or 
 Hints on How to Preserve One's Physical, Mental and Moral 
 Health; and The Floral Apostles, or What the Flowers Say to 
 Thinking Man. 
 
 Ambler, William E., lawyer, state senator, jurist, was born 
 Dec. 18, 1845, in Medina, Ohio. Since 1868 he has practiced law 
 in Pentwater, Mich. He was elected senator in the state legis- 
 lature in 1878; was re-elected in 1880; was president pro tern of 
 the senate during his last term; and was chairman of the appro- 
 priation committee. He has been prominent in real estate tran- 
 sactions and a leading factor in the business and public affairs 
 of Cleveland, Ohio. He was the possessor of a large collection of 
 autographic letters and documents. He subsequently became 
 judge of probate for Oceana county; and resides in Cleveland, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Ames, Albert Alonzo, physician, surgeon, journalist, statesman, 
 was born Jan. 18, 1842, in Garden Prairie, 111. In 1852 he moved 
 with his parents to Minneapolis when it was still a portion of 
 the Fort Snelling reservation of Minnesota. In 1862 he gradu- 
 ated in medicine and at once was made assistant-surgeon of the 
 seventh regiment of Minnesota volunteer infantry. He was with 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTUEY 13 
 
 his regiment for three years; and in 1864 was promoted to the 
 rank of major-surgeon. In 1868-74 he was managing editor of 
 the Alta California, the leading paper on the pacific coast; and 
 since 1874 has practiced medicine in Minneapolis, Minn. In 1867 
 he was elected a representative to the Minnesota state legislature ; 
 and in 1876-90 was mayor of Minneapolis, Minn. In 1886 he was 
 the democratic nominee for governor of Minnesota; and subse- 
 quently was the unsuccessful candidate for the United States con- 
 gress and for lieutenant governor of Minnesota. 
 
 Ames, Charles Wilberforce, publisher, founder, was born June 
 30, 1855, in Minneapolis, Minn. He was educated at the Boy's 
 academy of Albany, N.Y. ; and in 1878 graduated from Cornell 
 university of Ithaca, N.Y. He is a noted law publisher of St. 
 Paul, Minn. ; and secretary, general manager and vice-president 
 of the "West publishing company of that city, publishers of the 
 National Reporter System and the American Digest System. He 
 was the originator and one of the most active founders of the 
 St. Paul institute of arts and sciences, a great and noble institu- 
 tion beneficial to every home, every teacher and every school 
 child; and stands for the highest education and culture of all 
 the people of St. Paul. He is president of the St. Paul institute 
 of arts and sciences. 
 
 Ames, Henry, farmer, business president, was born Nov. 20, 
 1855, in St. Louis, Mo. He was educated at Wyman institute 
 and at Washington university of St. Louis, Mo. ; attended the 
 Pennsylvania military academy of Chester, Pa.; and graduated 
 from the Washington and Lee university of Lexington, Va. He 
 has been vice-president of Lindell hotel association ; secretary the 
 new Lindell hotel company of St. Louis, Mo., and director of 
 Belcher's sugar refinery company of St. Louis, Mo. He has been 
 interested in military affairs, and major of the first regiment Mis- 
 souri national guard. He is a member of the merchants' exchange, 
 St. Louis club, the Missouri athletic club and the New York club 
 of New York City. He is now a successful farmer and agricul- 
 turalist; and proprietor of Maples farm of Webster Groves, St. 
 Louis county. Mo. 
 
 Ames, James Barr, educator, professor of law, author, was 
 born June 22, 1846, in Boston, Mass. He was educated in the 
 Boston public latin school; and in 1868 graduated from Harvard 
 university, from which institution he received the degree of A.M. 
 In 1871-72 he was a tutor of French and German in Harvard col- 
 lege; and an instructor in history in 1872-73. In 1873-77 he was 
 associate professor of law in Harvard law school; and has been 
 professor of law in that institution since 1877 and its dean since 
 1895. He has compiled collections of cases on torts, pleading, 
 
14 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 bills and notes, partnership, trusts, suretyship and equity. He is 
 the author of numerous articles in the Harvard Law Review and 
 other law reviews. 
 
 Ames, Henry Semple, manufacturer, banker, business presi- 
 dent, was born March 4, 1863, in St. Louis, Mo. In 1886 he gradu- 
 ated with the degree of A.B. from Yale; and in 1888 graduated 
 with the degree of LL.B. from the St. Louis law school. He is a suc- 
 cessful banker and manufacturer of St. Louis, Mo. ; and assistant 
 executive officer in the Mississippi Valley trust company of that 
 city. He is president of the Northwestern expanded metal com- 
 pany of Chicago, 111.; president of the Ames steel lath company 
 of St. Louis, Mo. ; and a director in various other corporations. 
 
 Amiger, William T., educator, clergyman, college president, 
 was born July 16, 1870, in Culpeper, Va. He was educated at the 
 state normal school at Geneseo, N.Y. ; attended the Lincoln uni- 
 versity of Oxford, Pa. ; studied in the Newton theological semi- 
 nary of Newton Center, Mass. ; and received the degree of A.M. 
 In 1903-08 he was pastor of the third baptist church; and since 
 1908 has been president of the state university of Kentucky at 
 Louisville. 
 
 Amory, John J., manufacturer, president, was born in 1856 
 in Fond du Lac, Wis. In 1878-80 he was engaged as a miner at 
 Tombstone, Ariz.; in 1883-84 was a hotel proprietor at Billings, 
 Mont. ; and in 1886-88 was secretary and treasurer of the Arm- 
 strong manufacturing company of Bridgeport, Conn. He is now 
 president of the Gas engine and power company ; and president of 
 Charles L. Seabury and company of Morris Heights, New York 
 City, manufacturers of marine machinery. He is president of 
 the national association of engine and boat manufacturers ; and is 
 a member of the society of naval architects and marine engineers. 
 
 Anders, Thomas Jefferson, lawyer, jurist, was born April 4, 
 1838, in Bloomville, Ohio. He romeved to Montana, and later to 
 Walla Walla, opening a law office at the latter town in 1871. He 
 was city attorney; and served five times as prosecuting attorney 
 for that district. He was the unanimous choice of his brother 
 judges for the first chief justice of the supreme court of Washing- 
 ton ; and since 1889 has filled that high position. 
 
 Anderson, George Bradley, merchant, founder, was born April 
 18, 1841, in Canandaigua, N.Y. In 1863-86 he was buyer and as- 
 sistant manager for G. H. Seelye. In 1866-71 he was a partner in 
 Squiers, Anderson and company, dry good merchants; and since 
 1871 has been in business for himself as sole proprietor. For 
 forty consecutive years he has been conducting a dry goods and 
 carpet business in Canandaigua, N.Y. ; and in 1900 built his present 
 store. He is prominently identified with the business and public 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 15 
 
 affairs of his community; and has held numerous positions of 
 trust and honor. 
 
 Anderson, Hugh C, lawyer, banker, statesman, was born Feb. 
 2, 1851, in MeNairy county, Tenn. For two years he was city 
 attorney of Jackson, Tenn. ; and for sixteen years was mayor of 
 that city. For twenty-one years he has been president of the 
 People's savings bank of Jackson, Tenn., which was founded in 
 1889. He served two terms as a representative in the Tennessee 
 state legislature. 
 
 Anderson, John, publisher, founder, was born in 1836 in Voss, 
 Norway. lie became a printer on the Chicago Commercial Ad- 
 vertiser; and then was engaged on the Press and Tribune. In 
 1866 he established the Skandinavian, a Norwegian paper, and 
 lost all in the great fire of 1871. He borrowed money and re-estab- 
 lished his paper, which is now the leading Norwegian paper in 
 the United States and published in daily, weekly and Sunday 
 editions. He also conducts a large job printing office, bindery 
 and book publishing department in Chicago, 111. 
 
 Anderson, Josephus, clergyman, journalist, author, was born 
 Oct. 7, 1829, in Hanover county, Va. He is one of the foremost 
 clergymen of the methodist episcopal church south and has held 
 the highest offices in the gift of that denomination. He has filled 
 pastorates in the methodist episcopal church in the Florida con- 
 ference in various cities and in Leesburg, Fla. For the past 
 fifteen years he has been editor of the Florida Christian Advocate 
 of Leesburg, Fla. He is the author of Religious Principle, pub- 
 lished in a valuable work entitled The Methodist Pulpit South. 
 
 Anderson, Rasmus Bjorn, journalist, educator, diplomat, au- 
 thor, was born Jan. 12, 1846. in Albion, Wis. In 1866 he became 
 professor of Greek and modern languages in Albion academy, 
 near his home. In 1869 he became instructor in languages in the 
 university of Wisconsin, and in 1875-83 filled the chair of Scandi- 
 navian languages and literature in that institution, where he 
 also founded a Scandinavian library; and has contributed to 
 Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia; McClintock and Strong's Cyc- 
 lopaedia ; the American supplement of the Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 ica; and to the last edition of Chambers' Encyclopaedia. He has 
 lectured extensively on the subject of Norse literature and my- 
 thology. In 1885-89 he was United States minister to Denmark ; 
 and since 1898 has been editor and publisher of Amerika, a weekly 
 Norwegian paper. In 1906-07 he edited the Norroena Library, in 
 sixteen volumes. As an author of books he has won an enviable 
 reputation, his principal works being Norse Mythology; America 
 Not Discovered by Columbus; Echoes from Mist-Land; History 
 of the Literature of the Scandinavian North ; Viking Tales of the 
 
16 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 North; The Younger Edda; The Elder Edda; and several works 
 in Norwegian. 
 
 Anderson, Stonewall, president Hendrix college, was born 
 March 7, 1864, in Phillips county, Ark. He was educated at the 
 Helena district high school, and at Hendrix college. For eight 
 years he was a pastor; for five years was a presiding elder; and 
 since 1902 has been a member of the educational commission of 
 the Methodist episcopal church South. Since 1902 he has been 
 president of Hendrix college ; and resides in Conway, Ark. 
 
 Anderson, Thomas MacArthur, lawyer, army officer, author, 
 was born Jan. 21, 1836, in Chillicothe, Ohio. He was educated at 
 the Mount St. Mary's college of Maryland; he graduated from the 
 Cincinnati law school; and subsequently practiced law. During 
 the civil war he enlisted as a soldier in the sixth regiment Ohio 
 volunteer infantry. He has been lieutenant in the fifth United 
 States cavalry; captain in the twelfth United States infantry; and 
 was acting field officer during the civil war. He was major in the 
 twenty-first United States infantry; major in the tenth United 
 States infantry; lieutenant-colonel in the ninth United States 
 infantry; and in 1886 became colonel in the fourteenth United 
 States infantry. In 1898 he was made brigadier-general of vol- 
 unteers. He commanded the first expedition to the Philippines; 
 commanded the land forces which took Manila ; was made major- 
 general of volunteers Aug. 13, 1898; brigadier-general United 
 States army March 30, 1899 ; and retired Jan. 21, 1900. He later 
 became commandant of the soldiers' home in Ohio. He has been 
 vice-president of the sons of the American revolution; past com- 
 mander of the loyal legion ; besides holding various other posi- 
 tions of honor. He is the author of Conspiracies Preceding the 
 Rebellion ; What Are American Principles ; and a number of mono- 
 graphs on military, masonic, patriotic and genealogical subjects. 
 
 Anderson, William E. J., educator, founder, college president, 
 was born July 24, 1861, in Denver, Col. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools of his native state ; and in the colleges 
 of Iowa and Illinois. He soon attained success in the educational 
 world; and has been a teacher in various schools and colleges in 
 the states of Iowa, Illinois and Colorado. In 1888 he established 
 the Colorado state college of business chartered by the state, 
 and now known as the Trinidad business college. 
 
 Andrews, Eugene Douglas, lawyer, jurist, was born Feb. 6, 
 1872, in Vicksburg, Miss. He received a thorough education in 
 the public schools and academies of his native state; and gradu- 
 ated from the university of Virginia. He at once entered upon 
 the practice of law; and has attained success in his profession at 
 St. Louis, Mo. He has been very prominetly identAfled wittt 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 17 
 
 the business and public affairs of St. Louis, Mo. ; and in 1903 de- 
 clined the office of assistant city attorney of St. Louis to become 
 counsel for the Commercial telegraphers' union of America. 
 
 Andrews, Randal T., merchant, legislator, was born May 18, 
 1831, in Thomaston, Conn. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native city. He is a successful furniture dealer of Thomas- 
 ton, Conn.; for two years was selectman; and for three terms 
 served as a representative in the Connecticut state legislature. 
 He is a great grandson of William Andrews, who joined General 
 Putnam's army to put down an Indian uprising on the shores of 
 Lake Erie; and subsequently became second-lieutenant in the 
 eighth Connecticut regiment at Valley Forge during the revo- 
 lutionary war. 
 
 Andrews, Willis Phillips, physician, surgeon, proprietor, was 
 born Aug. 24, 1838, in Chillicothe, Ohio. He was educated in 
 Cleveland, Ohio.; and graduated from the Cincinnati college of 
 medicine and surgery. He is physician and proprietor of Andrews 
 magnetic mineral springs at The Park, St. Louis, Mich. During 
 the past quarter of a century these mineral springs have become 
 widely known; and in 1888 at the Centennial exposition of the 
 Ohio Valley and central states, held at Cincinnati, Andrews mag- 
 netic mineral water was awarded the gold medal for excellence. 
 
 Andridge, Andrew Adelbert, clergyman, lecturer, author, was 
 born July 20, 1863, in Hillsdale, Mich. He graduated in 1885 
 from the Chicago theological seminary; and was subsequently 
 given the degree of Ph.D. by that institution of learning. He 
 was ordained the same year ; and has filled pastorates in Hawarden, 
 Iowa; in Prairie du Chien, Wis.; in Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; and in 
 the Columbia congregational church of Cincinnati, Ohio. For 
 seven years he was registrar of the Miami conference of congre- 
 gational churches. In 1900-04 he traveled extensively in Europe ; 
 studied in Heidelberg; and was a delegate to the World's christian 
 endeavor union convention held in London in 1900. He is presi- 
 dent of the National lumber company of Cincinnati, Ohio ; is presi- 
 dent of the Citizen's land and coal company; and manager of the 
 European tour company. In 1899 he was retired with the rank 
 of colonel in the division of the Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky 
 united boys brigade of America. He has delivered a college lec- 
 ture course on Foreign Travel. He is the author of Wisconsin 
 Church History. 
 
 Ansel, Martin Frederick, lawyer, legislator, governor, was 
 born Dec. 12, 1850, in Charleston, S.C. He was educated in the 
 common schools of Walhalla, S.C; and then began the study of 
 law. He has attained success in the practice of law in South 
 Carolina; has been a representative in the South Carolina state 
 
18 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 legislature ; and served as solicitor for the eighth circuit of South 
 Carolina. In 1907-09 he was governor of the state of South Caro- 
 lina ; and re-elected to second term of 1909-11. 
 
 Anthony, Brayman William, educator, clergyman, college presi- 
 dent, was born Feb. 16, 1854, in Leray, N.Y. In 1880 he gradu- 
 ated with the degree of Ph.B. from Adrian college of Michigan; 
 and subsequently received the degree of D.D. from Kansas City 
 university. Since 1877 he has been a clergyman of the methodist 
 episcopal church ; and has filled pastorates in North Wolcott, South 
 Valley, Paine 's Hollow and Paris, 111.; and then in Springdale 
 and Castle Shannon, Pa. Since 1904 he has been president of 
 Adrian college of Michigan. 
 
 Anthony, Gardner Chace, educator, founder, author, was born 
 April 24, 1856, in Providence, R.I. He was educated in the 
 English and classical schools of Providence, R.I. ; and in 1875-78 
 took a special course in engineering at Brown university and Tufts 
 college. In 1878-85 he practiced mechanical engineering; and 
 since then has been teaching. In 1887 he founded the Rhode 
 Island technical drawing school; and since 1898 has been dean 
 of the engineering department at Tufts college of Massachusetts. 
 He is the author of Elements of Mechanical Drawing; Essen- 
 tials of Gearing; Machine Drawing; and Descriptive Geometry. 
 
 Anthony, Richard A., merchant, millionaire, was born May 24, 
 1861, in New York City, and is the son of Edward Anthony, the 
 noted civil engineer who died in 1888. He is vice-president of 
 the firm of E. and H. T. Anthony, photographic materials, of New 
 York City, of which firm his father was the founder. He is a 
 trustee of the United States savings bank of New York City; 
 and is identified with various other financial and industrial corpo- 
 rations. 
 
 Arbuckle, John Chalmers, soldier, educator, clergyman, was 
 born July 27, 1847, in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1864 he enlisted in 
 the fourth regiment Iowa veteran volunteer infantry ; and served 
 as a private soldier till the close of the civil war. He then taught 
 school for a number of years; and in 1874 graduated from the 
 Ohio "Wesley an university of Delaware. For over a quarter of 
 a century he has been a clergyman of the methodist episcopal 
 church, his principal pastorates being in Columbus and Zanes- 
 ville, Ohio. For four years he was presiding elder on the Gallipolis 
 district; and for six years presiding elder of the Columbus dis- 
 trict. He has thrice been a member of the general conference of 
 the methodist episcopal church; and for six years served as a 
 member of the general missionary board. He is now district su- 
 perintendent of the Lancaster district of the Ohio annual con- 
 ference. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 19 
 
 Archibald, Andrew Webster, clergyman, author, was born April 
 10, 1851, in New Kingston, N.Y. He was educated at Union col- 
 lege; at the Yale divinity school; and subsequently received the 
 degree of D.D. from Union college. He filled pastorates in con- 
 gregational churches in Nevinville, Fontanelle, Stuart, Ottumwa 
 and Davenport, Iowa ; and has filled pastorates in Hyde Park and 
 Brockton, Mass. He was one of the trustees of the Iowa college ; 
 and was president of the Iowa congregational home missionary 
 society. He has been a moderator of the Boston ministers meet- 
 ing; a director of the Massachusetts' christian endeavor union; 
 and' Massachusetts delegate-at-large to the congregational national 
 council. He is the author of The Bible Verified; and The Trend 
 of the Centuries. 
 
 Arctander, John W., lawyer, author, was born in 1849 in Stock- 
 holm, Sweden. After he received his education he studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar. In 1880 he became district attorney 
 for the twelfth judicial district of Minnesota; and in 1885 was 
 made a member of the commission which drafted the present 
 penal code of the state of Minnesota. Since 1886 he has practiced 
 law in St. Paul, Minn.; and has been identified with the legal 
 and political affairs of that city. He is the author of Practical 
 Handbook of the Laws of Minnesota, published in Norwegian and 
 in Swedish; The Apostle of Alaska; and also translated into 
 English Ibsen's The Master Builder. 
 
 Ardery, Mrs. Mary D., physician, scientist, was born Oct. 8, 
 
 1842, in Carrollton, Ky. . She was educated in the public schools 
 of her native state; attended the Iowa female seminary; and 
 graduated from the Keokuk medical and Chicago polyclinic. She 
 is a prominent physician of Knoxville, Iowa ; has been vice-presi- 
 dent of Marion county medical society; and president of the 
 state society Iowa medical women. 
 
 Armfield, Wyatt Jackson, farmer, banker, was born Nov. 25, 
 
 1843, near High Point, N.C. He was educated at the Oak Ridge 
 institute. He is a successful farmer of High Point, N.C; and 
 president of the first national bank of that city. He is vice-presi- 
 dent of the first national bank of Randolph ; and a director in the 
 bank of Randolph, bank of Thomasville, bank of Montgomery, 
 bank of Madison, bank of Davie, bank of Almarce, Greensboro 
 national bank, North Carolina savings and trust company, the 
 North Carolina fire insurance company and various other corpo- 
 rations. 
 
 Armin, Charles E., lawyer, poet was born Dec. 27, 1853, in De 
 Kalb, St. Lawrence county, N.Y. He finished his education at the 
 State Normal school at Pottsdam, N.Y. In 1878 he moved out 
 west, and five years later commenced the practice of law; has 
 
20 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 become prominent in that profession ; and is well known as an able 
 lawyer of Waukesha, Wis.; and for two years was district at- 
 torney of Waukesha county. He is now holding the office of 
 municipal judge for the eastern district of Waukesha county, Wis. 
 His writings have appeared in various publications ; and his poems 
 have been given a place in standard works. In 1900 he published 
 a collection of his poems as a gift book to his personal friends * 
 but the edition is long since exhausted and he is now arranging to 
 publish a volume of poems to place on the market. 
 
 Armour, Michael Cochrane, merchant, railroad president, was 
 born Jan. 11, 1851, in Auburn, N.Y. He is resident partner in 
 the firm of Rogers, Brown and company, pig iron merchants. He 
 is also president of the Chicago short line railway ; is president of 
 the Iroquois iron company; is vice-president of the Rogers iron 
 mining company; and a director in the Cleveland furnace company 
 and various other corporations. 
 
 Armstrong, Samuel Treat, physician, army surgeon, was born 
 Nov. 2, 1859, in St. Louis, Mo. In 1879 he graduated with the 
 degree of Ph. B. from the St. Louis university ; and also graduated 
 with the degree of M.D. from the St. Louis medical school. In 
 1880 he entered the United States marine hospital service ; was in 
 the United States army at the army general hospital at Key West, 
 Fla. ; and was chief sanitary inspector and chief surgeon in Cuba 
 and the Philippine islands. In 1881 he was commissioned assist- 
 ant surgeon; and in 1884 was promoted to passed assistant sur- 
 geon in the United States marine hospital service. He resigned 
 his commission in 1890; and in 1898-1901 was major and brigade 
 surgeon in the United States army. Since 1901 he has practiced 
 medicine in New York City; and is a noted hygienist and sani- 
 tarian. 
 
 Armstrong, William Dawson, musician, composer, author, was 
 born Feb. 11, 1868, in Alton, 111. He received his education at the 
 Alton public schools and at Shurtleff college. In 1889 he was 
 elected to a professorship in Forest Park university of St. Louis, 
 Mo.; and in 1891-96 he was director of the Shurtleff school of 
 music at Alton, 111. In 1899-1901 he was president of the Illinois 
 music teachers' association. In 1904 he was one of the solo organ- 
 ists at the St. Louis Louisiana purchase exposition. He is director 
 of music at Shurtleff college and the Western military academy. 
 He is the author of The Rudiments of Musical Notation ; and com- 
 poser of numerous compositions for the piano-forte, organ, voice, 
 violin and orchestra. 
 
 Arnecke, Christopher Adam Heinrich, physician, pharmacist, 
 public official, was born April 20, 1860, in Arenekeville, Texas. 
 He received a thorough education; attended lecturers at the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 21 
 
 medical department of the Louisville university; and he gradu- 
 ated from the medical department of the university of the South 
 at Sewanee, Tenn. He is a successful physician and druggist 
 of Areneckeville, Texas; and medical examiner for several life 
 insurance companies and various lodges. He is a notary public ; 
 a member of the county, state and American medical societies; 
 and prominetly identified with the business and public affairs of 
 his community. 
 
 Arnold, Herbert A., physician, surgeon, author, was born Aug. 
 4, 1857, in Norristown, Pa. In 1873 he graduated from Norris- 
 town high school; and in 1878 graduated from the Jefferson 
 medical college of Philadelphia, Pa. Since 1878 he has been act- 
 ively engaged in the practice of his profession; and in 1887 was 
 president of the Montgomery county medical society. During 
 the Spanish-American war he was surgeon in the Pennsylvania 
 volunteer cavalry ; since 1899 has been treasurer of the association 
 of military surgeon of the United States; and is major and sur- 
 geon of the sixth regiment Pennsylvania national guard. He is 
 vice-president of the Merion title and trust company of Ardmore, 
 Pa. ; director of the Lower Merion building and loan association ; 
 and medical examiner for a number of life insurance companies. 
 He is the author of Monographs and valuable articles contributed 
 to medical journals. 
 
 Arnold, James Newell, publisher, genealogist, author, was born 
 Aug, 3, 1844, in Cranston, R.I. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native state, which was supplemented by private 
 tuition. He is an eminent genealogist and historian of Providence, 
 R.I. He is the author of The Narragansett Historical Register, 
 in eight volumes; Rhode Island Vital Records, in seveteen vol- 
 umes, the largest genealogist work ever edited and published by 
 a single person in the United States. He is now engaged in the 
 preparation of a Digest of Probate of Rhode Island. 
 
 Arnold, Jasper Henry, lawyer, jurist, was born May 9, 1869, 
 in Brazos county, Texas; and graduated from the university of 
 Texas. He has been mayor of Gatesville, Texas; county attorney 
 for Coryell county, Texas; and served as district attorney. He 
 is now judge of the fifty-second judicial district of Texas, com- 
 posed of Coryell, Hamilton and Comanche counties. Under his 
 administration as mayor he built the beautiful stone public school 
 in Gatesville, Texas. 
 
 Arnold, Ralph, geologist, paleontologist, scientist, was born 
 April 14, 1875, in Marshalltown, Iowa. In 1894 he graduated 
 from the Throop polytechnic institute; and subsequently gradu- 
 ated from the Leland Stanford university with the degrees of A.B 
 A.M. and Ph.D. In 1898-99 he was assistant in mineralogy at 
 
22 PRORGESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the Stanford university ; and in 1899-1900 was professor of physics 
 and chemistry at Hoitts school of Menlo Park, Cal. In 1903-05 
 he was gealogic aid in the United States geological survey; and 
 since 1895 has been paleontologist in the United States geological 
 survey. He has made original researches on the paleontology and 
 petroleum resources of the Pacific coast of North America. He is 
 a member of the American association for the advancement of 
 science. He is the author of several Monographs and Reports on 
 the Geology, Paleontology and Petroleum Resources of California. 
 Arnold, Sarah Louise, educator, author, was born Feb. 15, 
 1859, in North Abington, Mass. ; in 1878 she graduated from the 
 State normal school at Bridgewater, Mass. ; and in 1902 received 
 the degree of A.M. from Tufts college. She taught school in 
 Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Vermont and New Hampshire. For 
 two years she was principal of the training school at Saratoga, 
 N.Y. ; for seven years she was supervisor of schools at Minneapolis, 
 Minn.; in 1895-1902 was supervisor of schools at Boston, Mass.; 
 and since 1902 has been dean of Simmons college of Boston, Mass. 
 She is the author of Waymarks for Teachers ; Stepping Stones to 
 Literature ; Reading ; How to Teach It ; and The Mother Tongue 
 Arnold, Solon, naval officer, was born July 12, 1854, in Anne 
 Arundel county, Md. He was educated at St. John's college; 
 and graduated from the United States naval academy. In 1876 
 he became cadet engineer; in 1883 was promoted to assistant 
 engineer ; and in 1894 attained the rank of passed engineer, which 
 rank was changed to lieutenant in 1899. In 1899-1901 he was 
 engaged on inspection duty in the bureau of steam engineering 
 and ordnance; and from 1901 was engaged on inspection duty 
 in the bureau of steam engineering. He attained the rank of lieu- 
 tenant-commander and commander in the United States navy, 
 now retired. 
 
 Arthur, Jesse, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 14, 1846, in Ker- 
 shaw county, S.C. From 1863 he served in the confederate army 
 through the civil war. He was made prisoner in front of Rich- 
 mond in 1864; and was released in March of the following year. 
 In 1889 moved to Washington territory ; and in 1892-97 he served 
 as superior court judge of the state of Washington for Spokane 
 county. He established a free scholarship to the American med- 
 ical missionary college of Battle Creek, Mich., of which institu- 
 tion he prepared the charter and the entire plant upon which it 
 is now being operated. He now practices law in Battle Creek, 
 
 Mich. 
 
 Ash, Percy, educator, architect, was born Nov. 5, 1866, in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. ; and graduated with the degrees of B.S. and C.E. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 23 
 
 from the university of Pennsylvania. He studied architecture; 
 and in 1895 was awarded the university of Pennsylvania traveling 
 scholarship. He was instructor in drawing at the Franklin in- 
 stitute of Philadelphia, Pa.; and practiced architecture for a 
 short time in that city. In 1900-03 he was a designer in the United 
 States supervising architect's office; and designed the Fish com- 
 mission buildings for the World's fair at St. Louis, Mo.; and 
 postoffices in Seattle and other cities. Since 1903 he has been 
 professor of architecture at the George Washington university. 
 
 Ashe, Samuel A 'Court, lawyer, journalist, historian, author, 
 was born Sept. 13, 1840, near Wilmington, N.C. He attended the 
 Georgetown mathematical academy, Rugby academy, Oxford mili- 
 tary academy and the United States naval academy. He served 
 as captain in the confederate army. He has been the postmaster 
 of Raleigh, N.C; and was chairman of the state democratic ex- 
 ecutive committee. He is now a successful journalist an able 
 lawyer and a noted historian. He is editor-in-chief of The Bio- 
 graphical History of North Carolina ; and the author of The His- 
 tory of North Carolina. 
 
 Ashhurst, Richard Lewis, soldier, lawyer, historian, author, 
 was born Feb. 5, 1838, in Naples, Italy, of American parents. In 
 1856 he graduated from the university of Pennsylvania; and in 
 1859 from the law department of the same institution. He served 
 in the union army as first lieutenant and adjutant of the one 
 hundred and fiftieth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers; was 
 brevetted captain for services at Chancellorsville ; and was bre- 
 vetted major United States volunteers for distinguished gallantry 
 at Gettysburg. He is an eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, Pa.; a 
 member of the Pennsylvania historical society; a member of the 
 American philosophical society; vice-dean of the Shakespeare 
 society; and president of the Philadelphia athenaeum. In 1906 
 he was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia, Pa. He is the au- 
 thor of History of the Shakespeare Society; Remarks on First 
 Day's Fight at Gettysburg; Contemporary Evidence of Shakes- 
 peare's Identity; and Memoir of W. M. Meredith. 
 
 Ashton, Thomas Hutchinson, soldier, physician, surgeon, scien- 
 tist, was born March 8, 1841, near Fayetteville, Ohio. He was 
 educated in the common schools; Professor B. F. Southworth's 
 school of Defiance, Ohio; and graduated from the medical de- 
 partment of the university of Michigan and from the university of 
 Nashville, Tenn. During the civil war he was acting assistant 
 surgeon in the United States army, department of the Cumber- 
 land, in charge of the United States smallpox hospital; and also 
 of the United States general hospital, No. 4, at Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 He has attained success in his profession at Syracuse, Neb. ; and 
 
24 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 has been president of the United States examining surgeons at 
 Nebraska City, Neb. He has always been a close student; has 
 collected a fine library; devotes much time to the study of an- 
 thropology and ethnology; and is the author of valuable papers 
 on scientific subjects. 
 
 Atkinson, George Wesley, lawyer, jurist, governor, author, 
 poet, was born June 29, 1845, in Virginia, now West Virginia. In 
 1870 he graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan university; took 
 a post-graduate course at Mount Union college ; studied law two 
 years ; took the law course at the Columbian university ; he gradu- 
 ated from the law department of the Howard university ; and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1875. He has been eminently successful as 
 a lawyer ; and was four years United States marshal for West Vir- 
 ginia. In 1889-91 he was a representative from West Virginia 
 to the fifty-first congress. In 1897-1901 he was governor of West 
 Virginia; and for four years was United States district attorney 
 for West Virginia. Since 1905 he has been associate justice of 
 the United States court of claims at Washington, D.C. He is the 
 author of seven different books, all of which have been popular 
 and had a large sale. He has the manuscript poems for a good 
 size volume, which will be published later in life. Being a classi- 
 cally educated man, all of his public addresses are of a high order, 
 He has received the degrees of B.A., A.M., Ph.B., Ph.D., LL.B., 
 LL.D. and D.C.L. The later degree was conferred upon him by 
 the university of West Virginia, and is the only degree of its 
 grade ever conferred. The only honorary degree ever conferred 
 upon this eminent statesman and jurist was that of Sc.D., which 
 was extended by the United States Grant university and by the 
 university of Nashville; and all of the other degrees he has re- 
 ceived from work done by him. 
 
 Atkinson, Louis E., physician, lawyer, broker, congressman, 
 was born April 16, 1841, in Juniata county, Pa. He was educated 
 in the common schools; at Airy View and Milnwood academies; 
 studied medicine, and in 1861 graduated from the medical de- 
 partment of the university of the City of New York. He entered 
 the medical department of the United States army in 1861; and 
 served as assistant surgeon in the first Pennsylvania re'serve 
 cavalry ; and as surgeon in the one hundred and eighty-eighth reg- 
 iment Pennsylvania infantry ; and was mustered out in 1865. He 
 was disabled while in the army; and being unable to practice 
 medicine, studied law; and has practiced law since 1870. In 
 1883-93 he was a representative from Pennsylvania in the forty- 
 eighth to the fifty-second congresses. He is president of the 
 Juniata Valley national bank. 
 
 Atterbury, William Wallace, railroad manager, was born Jan. 
 31, 1866, in New Albany, Ind. He received his education in the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 25 
 
 public schools of Detroit, Mich. ; and he graduated from Yale 
 university. In 1886 he entered the railway service of the Penn- 
 sylvania railroad company; and in 1889-92 w>3 assistant road 
 foreman of engines on various divisions. T« i893 he became 
 master mechanic for the Pennsylvania company ;u '• >rt Wayne, 
 Ind. In 1896 he was advanced to general supeiinh ut of motive 
 power of the Pennsylvania lines east of Pittsburg and Erif; and 
 since 1903 has been general manager. 
 
 Atwater, John Wilbur, farmer, state seDator, congressman, 
 was born Dec. 27, 1840, in Chatham county, N.C. He was educated 
 in the common schools of his native state ; and at Hughes academy. 
 He has always been engaged in agricultural pursuits; and is a 
 successful farmer of Chapel Hill, N.C. He served in the confed- 
 erate army in company D, first regiment North Carolina volun- 
 teers ; and was with the army of General R. E. Lee until the end 
 of the civil war, surrendering with Lee at Appomattox. In 1887 
 he joined the farmers' alliance in Chatham county, N.C; was its 
 first president and served two terms; and subsequently served 
 two terms as president of the sub-alliance. In 1892-94 and 1896« 
 98 he served two terms in the North Carolina state senate ; and 
 was elected chairman of the populist caucus. In 1899-1901 he was 
 a representative from North Carolina to the fifty-sixth congress 
 as an independent populist. 
 
 Atwell, William Hawley, lawyer, orator, was born June 9, 
 1869, in La Crosse, Wis. He attended the Dallas public schools, 
 Texas ; the Southwestern university, and the State university. In 
 1889 he was assistant attorney of Dallas county; in 1894 was 
 nominee for attorney-general of Texas. He has been secretary of 
 the State Republican league ; of the National Committeemen league 
 in 1896; and is a prominent member in various societies. He 
 is one of the finest speakers in the south, his oratory being strong, 
 sparkling and convincing. In 1898 he was appointed United 
 States district attorney ; was reappointed in 1902 and again in 
 1906. 
 
 Atwood, John Harrison, lawyer, political economist, was born 
 Sept. 12, 1860, in Phillipstown, Mass. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Athol and Ayer, Mass. ; studied for one year in 
 Europe ; attended the academical department of Harvard univer- 
 sity; and in 1884 graduated from the Harvard law school. Since 
 1885 he has been actively engaged in the practice of law in 
 Leavenworth, Kan.; and in 1886-92 was county attorney for 
 Leavenworth county. Since 1892 he has been a delegate to every 
 democratic national convention. He was formerly law partner of 
 Lucien Baker, United States senator from Kansas; and formerly 
 also a law partner of William C. Hook, judge of the United States 
 
26 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 circuit court of appeals. In 1904-08 he was a member of the 
 democratic national committee for Kansas. 
 
 Atwood, Louis Kossuth, farmer, educator, lawyer, merchant, 
 legislator, banker, was born Dec. 15, 1851, in Wilcox county, Ala. 
 He was educated at the Lincoln university Pennsylvania. He has 
 been a successful farmer and school teacher, lawyer and merchant 
 of Jackson, Miss. ; and prominently identified with the business 
 and public affairs of his community. He is president of the Amer- 
 ican trust and savings bank of Jackson, Miss. ; is the president of 
 the Southern bank of Mississippi ; and a director in various corpo- 
 rations. He served two terms as a representative in the Missis- 
 sippi state legislature; was master in the insurance order of 
 Jacobs; and has held various other position of trust and honor. 
 
 Augur, George Jacob, physician, surgeon, scientist, was born 
 Oct. 1, 1853, in West Haven, Conn. In 1876 he graduated from 
 Hopkins grammar school of New Haven, Conn. ; and in 1879 gradu- 
 ated with the degree of M.D. from Yale medical college. In 1881 
 he was appointed the resident physician and surgeon at the Con- 
 necticut state hospital at New Haven. In 1894 he was made a 
 member of the Alameda county homoeopathic medical society, 
 of which he has been both vice-president and president. In 1882- 
 98 he was attending physician of the Faboila hospital of Oakland, 
 Cal. ; and in 1905 was elected a member of the international 
 Hahnemannian association. He has traveled extensively in Amer- 
 ica, the continent and Japan ; and has contributed valuable papers 
 to medical and scientific journals. 
 
 Austill, Hurieosco, soldier, lawyer, statesman, was born Feb. 
 16, 1843, in Mobile, Ala., which has always been his place of resi- 
 dence. He graduated from the university of Alabama; and at- 
 tained success as an eminent lawyer. During the civil war he 
 served as a captain in the confederate army. He has been a mem- 
 ber of the Alabama state senate. 
 
 Austin, Charles S., farmer, physician, surgeon, was born Nov. 
 10, 1862, in Carroll county, Mo. In 1883 he graduated with the 
 degree of A.M. from Central college of Fayette, Mo. ; in 1887 re- 
 ceived the degree of M.D. from the St. Louis medical college ; and 
 in 1891 took a New York post-graduate course. He is a successful 
 physician and surgeon of Carrollton, Mo.; and also engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits. He has been coroner and health officer of 
 Carroll county; and a member of the city and county boards of 
 health. He has been secretary of the board of pension examiners ; 
 and surgeon and major in the fourth infantry Missouri national 
 guard. He has been president and secretary of the county medical 
 society. 
 
 Averitt, Kirby Gladstone, physician, surgeon, was born March 
 10, 1870, in Stedman, N.C. He was educated in the public schools 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 27 
 
 of his native state ; and in 1893 graduated with the degree of M.D. 
 from Baltimore medical college. He is an eminent physician and 
 surgeon of Cedar Creek, N.C.; and identified with the business 
 and public affairs of his community. 
 
 Avery, Robert, soldier, lawyer, railroad president, author, was 
 born Sept. 22, 1839, in Tunkhannock, Pa. He received a thorough 
 education and graduated from the Wyoming Seminary of King- 
 ston, Pa. In 1861-65 he served in the Civil War as Captain to 
 Brevet Major General; lost his right leg at the battle of Lookout 
 Mountain and was retired as colonel in the United States army. 
 In 1870 he was admitted to the bar and soon attained success in 
 the practice of law. He has been president of the Union Loan 
 and Investment Company, vice president of the Burlington and 
 Southwestern Railway Company, president of the Niagara Tin 
 Smelting Company, president of the Threadless Lock-Nut and 
 Bolt Company ; vice-president of the Brooklyn Hygienic Ice Com- 
 pany and is a director in various other corporations. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Military Order 
 Loyal Legion. 
 
 Axline, William Andrew, educator, superintendent of schools, 
 was born Aug. 18, 1846, near Fultonham, Ohio. He received a 
 thorough education; and graduated from the Fultanham high 
 school and academy. He has been superintendent and principal 
 of the Roseville, South Zanesville, White cottage and Fultonham 
 schools of Ohio ; he has spent over forty years in the school room 
 as a teacher ; and hundreds of his pupils have become prominent 
 teachers and successful business men. He has also contributed 
 valuable articles to educational literature. 
 
 Axtell, Decatur, civil engineer, railroad president, was born 
 Feb. 8, 1848, in Elyria, Ohio. He was educated at the Illinois col- 
 lege of Jacksonville, 111. He has held civil engineering positions 
 on the Pacific railroad of Missouri; and in 1869-80 was civil en- 
 gineer of the St. Louis iron mountain and southern railway. In 
 1888-89 he was vice-president and receiver of the Richmond and 
 Allegheny railroad; in 1880-89 was vice-president of the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio railway company; and was chairman of the boards 
 of directors of the Toledo and Ohio central and of the Kanawha 
 and Michigan railway companies. He is also president of the 
 Virginia hot springs company of Richmond, Va. He is a mem- 
 ber of the American society of civil engineers ; and a member of 
 the Virginia historical society. 
 
 Aycock, Charles B., lawyer, governor, was born Nov. 1, 1859, 
 in Fremont, N.C. He was educated in the schools and academies 
 of Fremont, Wilson and Kingston ; and graduated from the univer- 
 sity of North Carolina. For several years he was county superin- 
 
28 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tendent of education for Wayne county, N.C. ; was district demo- 
 cratic elector in 1888; and elector-at-large in 1902. He has at- 
 tained prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of the state 
 of North Carolina; and in 1893-98 served with distinction as 
 United States attorney. In 1901-05 he was governor of North 
 Carolina. For many years he has been a member of the board of 
 trustees of Goldsboro graded schools ; and a trustee of the univer- 
 sity of North Carolina. 
 
 Bacon, Edgar Mayhew, educator, lecturer, artist, author, was 
 born June 5, 1855, in the Bahamas, where his father, John R. 
 Bacon, was then United States consul. He received a thorough 
 education in private schools. For a while he was engaged in 
 art; and subsequently was an editorial writer on New York 
 weeklies. He has traveled extensively in the West Indias; and is 
 a noted lecturer. He is the author of The New Jamaica ; The 
 Pocket Piece; Chronicles of Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow; The 
 Hudson River, from Ocean to Source; Narragansett Bay; Henry 
 Hudson ; and other works. 
 
 Bacon, Frederick Hampton, lawyer, author, was born May 
 5, 1849, in Niles, Mich. He has gained a high position at the bar 
 in St. Louis, Mo. He is the author of a law treatise entitled 
 Benefit Societies and Life Insurance. 
 
 Bailey, Mrs. Hannah Johnston, superintendent of the depart- 
 ment of peace and arbitration in the world's and national woman's 
 christian temperance union, was born July 5, 1839, in Cornwall- 
 on-the-Hudson, in N.Y. She received her education at a denomi- 
 national boarding school; and subsequently followed the profes- 
 sion of teaching for two years. In 1868 she married Moses Bailey, 
 a successful oil cloth manufacturer at Winthrop, Maine, where 
 she has resided ever since. Mrs. Bailey was one of the judges in 
 the department of liberal arts at the World's Columbian expo- 
 sition. For ten years she was treasurer of a foreign missionary 
 society; and was treasurer of the national council of Women 
 during a term of four years. She was president of the Maine 
 equal suffrage association 1891-97, but is best known by her 
 work along lines of temperance and peace. 
 
 Bailey, Morton S., district judge of Colorado, was born July 
 3, 1855, in Tioga county, Pa. He has been a member of the Colo- 
 rado state senate. Since 1892 he has been judge of the eleventh 
 state district court of Colorado, and is now serving his second 
 term of 1907-13 ; and resides in Canon City, Colo. 
 
 Bailey, William Whitman, botanist, author, was born Feb. 
 22, 1843, in West Point, N.Y. ; and is a brother of L. W. Bailey. In 
 1864 he was graduated from Brown university; in 1900 gradu- 
 ated from the university of New Brunswick ; took a special course 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 29 
 
 in botany at Harvard university ; and has received the degrees of 
 A.M., B.Ph. and LL.D. In 1877-1906 he was professor of botany, 
 at Brown university. He is the author of New England Wild 
 Flowers and Their Seasons ; Am mg Rhode Island Wild Flowers ; 
 Botanical Collector's Handbook; and Botanizing. 
 
 Bair, -Joseph Hershey, educator, anthropologist, scientist, was 
 born June 21, 1875, in Hall, Pa. He was educated at the Pennsyl- 
 vania central state normal school and other institutions of learn- 
 ing ; and has received the degrees of M.E., Ph.B., A.M. and Ph.D. 
 In 1902-03 he was assistant anthropologist at Columbia univer- 
 sity; and in 1903-04 was research assistant at the Carnegie in- 
 stitute. In 1904-08, he was professor of psychology and education 
 at the university of Colorado. He has made researches on the 
 control and formation of habits. Since 1908 he has devoted his 
 life to research work. 
 
 Baker, Bernard Nadal, chemist, merchant, president, philan- 
 thropist, was born May 11, 1854, in Baltimore, Md. He received 
 a thorough education, and graduated from the Sheffield scientific 
 school of Yale university. He was president of the Atlantic trans- 
 port company; president of the Baker- Whiteley coal company; 
 and president of the Baltimore storage and lighterage company. 
 He gave the ship Missouri to the United States government, being 
 moved thereto by her record in life-saving. The Missouri re- 
 scued almost a thousand persons from sinking and disabled ships ; 
 she carried gratuitously food for thirty-thousand people in the 
 Russian famine ; and she transported between one and two thou- 
 sand patients and hospital attaches in the war with Spain. 
 
 Baker, Charles, soldier, banker, financier, was born Dec. 25, 
 1867, in New York City. He received the rudiments of his edu- 
 cation in the public schools of New York City; received an 
 academic education; and graduated from the Van Norman in- 
 stitute. He served nine years in the twenty-third regiment. He 
 has been auditor of the State trust company; auditor of the 
 Atlantic trust company; and treasurer of the Metropolitan trust 
 company. He is now a successful banker of New York City ; and 
 secretary of the Metropolitan trust company. He maintains a 
 summer home at Sea Gate, New York harbor. He is a member of 
 the old guard veteran association of the twenty-third regiment; 
 is a member of the Union league club, Atlantic yacht club, New 
 York historical society and of various other patriotic and social 
 clubs and societies. 
 
 Baker, Thomas Hudson, soldier, physician, surgeon, planter, 
 statesman, was born April 28, 1839, in Bartow county, Ga. He 
 received a thorough education in the public schools of his native 
 state; and graduated from the Washington university of Mary- 
 
30 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 land. During the civil war he was company commander in the 
 eighteenth regiment Georgia volunteers; and he subsequently 
 became assistant surgeon, then surgeon, and at the surrender was 
 brigade surgeon. In 1873-76 he was a representative in the 
 Georgia state legislature ; and in 1880-81 and 1900-01 was a mem- 
 ber of the Georgia state senate. 
 
 Balch, Galusha B., physician, genealogist, author, was born 
 Feb. 6, 1839, in Plattsburgh, N.Y. He was educated at the Pitts- 
 burgh academy; and in 1860 graduated in medicine from the 
 college of physicians and surgeons of New York City. During 
 the civil war he was assistant surgeon in the ninety-eighth regi- 
 ment New York volunteers, and also in the second veteran cavalry. 
 He is an eminent physician of Yonkers, N. Y. ; and superintendent 
 of the Westchester county society for the prevention of cruelty 
 to children, of which he has also been president. He is the 
 author of The Balch Genealogy. 
 
 Baldwin, David Candee, soldier, merchant, banker, statesman, 
 was born Sept. 18, 1836, in Elyria, Ohio. He entered mercantile 
 business with his father and others in 1855, continuing therein 
 until 1893. As first lieutenant in company K, one hundred and 
 thirty-fifth regiment Ohio volunteers, he was actively engaged in 
 some very lively skirmishes in West Virginia state, where John 
 Brown located. He has been connected with the historical society 
 of Cleveland, as incorporator and trustee; and is the donor of a 
 fine archaeological collection from American and foreign sources. 
 He was a member of the seventy-second and seventy-third Ohio 
 general assemblies as a republican. He has been vice-president of 
 the national bank of Elyria, Ohio ; and vice-president of the West- 
 ern Reserve historical society of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Baldwin, Frank Dwight, soldier, was born June 16, 1842, in 
 Manchester, Mich. He was educated in the common and high 
 schools of Constantine City, Mich. ; and graduated from Hillsdale 
 college. He served with distinction throughout the civil war; 
 served in the Michigan horse guards as second lieutenant; and be- 
 came captain of the nineteenth regiment Michigan infantry. In 
 1866 he entered the regular army as first lieutenant; he became 
 captain in 1879; and lieutenant-colonel in 1899. In 1901 he was 
 promoted to colonel of the twenty-seventh regiment ; and attained 
 the rank of brigadier-general in 1902. In 1864 he received a 
 medal of honor for distinguished bravery in the battle of Peach- 
 tree Creek, Ga. ; and received a medal of honor in 1874 for dis- 
 tinguished gallantry in action against the Indians in Texas. In 
 the Philippines he commanded the first body of civilized troops on 
 the island of Mindanao, where in the battle of Bylan the Moros 
 lost over three hundred men. He is now in charge of the de- 
 partment of Colorado, with headquarters at Denver. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 31 
 
 Baldwin, James Mark, educator, author, was born Jan. 12, 1861, 
 in Columbia, S.C. Since 1843 he has been professor in Princeton 
 university. Then in 1897 he was elected president of the Amer- 
 ican psychological association ; and in the same year was awarded 
 a gold medal by the Royal academy of Denmark. He is the au- 
 thor of Handbook of Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental 
 Development in the Child and the Race ; Social and Ethical Inter- 
 pretations ; Dictionary of Philosophy, in three volumes ; Story of 
 the Mind ; and other works. 
 
 Baldwin, William Wright, lawyer, railroad president, was born 
 Sept. 28, 1845, in Keosauqua, Iowa. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the public schools of his native state; and 
 graduated from the Iowa State University in 1866. In 1879 he 
 entered railway service as Land Commissioner of the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy Railroad. In 1891 he was made assistant 
 to the president; and in 1909 was elected vice-president of the 
 Burlington system, with his office at Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 Ball, Lewis Heisler, physician, congressman, United States sen- 
 ator, was born Sept. 21, 1861, near Stanton, Del. He graduated 
 from Delaware college in 1882, and from the medical department 
 of the state university of Pennsylvania in 1885 ; and has attained 
 success in the practice of his profession at Marshalltown, Del. 
 Then in 1901-03 he was a representative from Delaware to the 
 fifty-seventh congress as a republican. In 1898-1900 he was state 
 treasurer of Delaware; and is a trustee of Delaware college. In 
 1903 he was elected to the United States senate. 
 
 Ball, Thomas, sculptor, artist, author, was born June 3, 1819, 
 in Charlestown, Mass. He is the author of My Three Score Years 
 and Ten, an Autobiography. 
 
 Ballantyne, Marlin J., educator, clergyman, poet, was born 
 Aug. 30, 1852, near Brookville, Pa. He received his education in 
 the public schools; and at Dayton Union academy. For seven 
 years he taught school; and for over a quarter of a century has 
 been engaged in the ministry. He is now presiding elder of the 
 Oregon conference of the United evangelical church ; is president 
 of the board of trustees of Lafayette seminary; and teacher of 
 political economy and ethics in the same institution. He has con- 
 tributed extensively both prose and verse to the religious press, 
 which have been a valuable acquisition to American literature. 
 
 Ballard, Harlan Hoge, educator, librarian, author, was born 
 May 26, 1853, in Athens, Ohio. In 1874 he graduated from Wil- 
 liams college. In 1874-80 he was principal of the high school at 
 Lenox, Mass. ; and in 1880-86 was principal of Lenox academy. In 
 1875 he founded the Agassiz association for the study of nature, 
 which has had over one thousand branches. Since 1888 he has 
 
32 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 been librarian of the Berkshire athenaeum. He is the author of 
 Three Kingdoms; "World of Matter; Open Sesame; Re-Open Se- 
 same ; Virgil 's Aeneid ; and is part author of American Plant Book ; 
 Barnes Readers ; and One Thousand Blunders in English. 
 
 Ballinger, Richard Achilles, lawyer, jurist, author, was born 
 July 9, 1858, in Boonesboro, Iowa. In 1884 he graduated from 
 Williams college of Massachusetts, having previously prepared for 
 college at the state university of Kansas and at Washburn col- 
 lege of Topeka. He has been eminently successful as a lawyer; 
 acted as United States commissioner in 1890-92 under appoint- 
 ment of District U. S. Judge Hanford of Washington; and has 
 held the high office of judge of the superior court for Jefferson 
 county, Wash. He is the author of Ballinger on Community 
 Property, a law publication covering the property rights of mar- 
 ried persons in several of the coast and southern states; and is 
 also the author of Ballinger 's Annotated Code and Statutes of 
 Washington. 
 
 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, historian, publisher, author, was born 
 May. 5, 1832, in Grandville, Ohio. Early in life he moved to San 
 Francisco, Cal. ; there opened the first book store on the Pacific 
 coast; and subsequently added a publishing establishment. He 
 has impressed himself upon the literature of the nineteenth cen- 
 tury of a colossal work entitled History of the Pacific States of 
 North America, including Central America, Mexico, California, 
 Oregon and British Columbia, in thirty-nine volumes. He is also 
 the author of The Native Races of the Pacific States, in five vol- 
 umes; The Early American Chronicles; Popular History of the 
 Mexican People ; Literary Industries, an autobiography ; The Book 
 of the Fair ; and many others. 
 
 Bandholtz, Harry H., army officer, governor, was born Dec. 18, 
 1864, in Constantine, Mich. He graduated from the United States 
 military academy at West Point, N.Y. He soon attained the rank 
 of captain and quartermaster in the second United States infantry ; 
 and was major of the thirty-fifth regiment Michigan volunteer 
 infantry. He has been governor of Tayabas province, P.I. ; and 
 colonel and assistant chief of the Philippine constabulary, com- 
 manding the first district. Since 1903 he has held the rank of 
 colonel in the United States army. 
 
 Bang's, Lemuel Bolton, physician, surgeon, author, was born Aug. 
 9, 1842, in New York City. In 1872 he graduated from the Col- 
 lege of physicians and surgeons of New York City. For many 
 years he has been professor of Genito-urinary surgery at the 
 university and Bellevue hospital medical school; and in 1895 was 
 president of the American association of genitory-urinary sur- 
 geons. He is the author of American Text-book of Genito-Urinary 
 Diseases. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 33 
 
 Bank, Henry, judge district court of Iowa, was born Oct. 23, 
 1843 in Hanover, Germany. He came to the United States at the 
 age of six years; and was educated in the public schools of Lee 
 county, Iowa. In 1875-77 he was recorder of deeds for Lee county ; 
 and in 1881-3 was police magistrate of Keokuk, Iowa. In 1883- 
 95 he was judge of the superior court of Keokuk ; and since 1896 
 has been judge of the first district court of Iowa for Lee county; 
 and resides in Keokuk, Iowa. 
 
 Barber, Ohio Columbus, president of the Diamond match com- 
 pany, was born April 20, 1841, in Middlebury, Ohio. In 1880 the 
 Barber match company, of which he was at the head, was making 
 over one-fourth of the matches manufactured in the United States. 
 About this time he saw the advantages of consolidating a number 
 of the leading manufactories, and instead of thirty factories being 
 required for their manufacture, nine-tenths of the matches in Amer- 
 ica are now manufactured in five factories. In 1889 the American 
 straw board company was organized with six million dollars capi- 
 tal, with Mr. Barber as president, in which position he served until 
 1894. In 1891 Mr. Barber and his associates founded the town of 
 Barberton, Ohio. He is president of the Ohio tube company of 
 Warren, Ohio ; and of the Barberton belt line railroad company. 
 
 Barchfeld, Andrew Jackson, physician, congressman, was born 
 on May 18, 1863 in Pittsburg, Pa. He was educated in the public 
 schools and at the Central high school of Pittsburg, Pa. ; and in 
 1884 graduated from the Jefferson medical college of Philadelphia, 
 Pa. He has been a life-long republican; in 1884 was elected a 
 school director; and in 1886-87 was a member of the common 
 council of Pittsburg, Pa. He was a delegate to the republican 
 state conventions of 1886, 1894 and 1901 ; and for many years was 
 a member of the Pennsylvania republican state committee. In 1902 
 he was nominee of his party for congress; and in 1905-11 was a 
 representative from Pennsylvania to the fifty-ninth, sixtieth and 
 sixty-first congresses. 
 
 Barclay, Charles Frederick, soldier, lumber merchant, congress- 
 man, was born May 9, 1844, in Owego, N.Y. He was educated in 
 the public schools of Pennsylvania ; and at the Coudersport acad- 
 emy. He served during the civil war from private to captain 
 in the one hundred and forty-ninth regiment Pennsylvania vol- 
 unteers. He studied law at the university of Michigan, but sub- 
 sequently engaged with an elder brother in the lumber business 
 at Sinnamahoning, Pa. In 1892 he was a presidential elector. 
 In 1907-11 he was a representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican. 
 
 Barclay, Robert, physician, was born May 8, 1857, in St. Louis, 
 Mo. He is Master of Arts, Trinity College ; Doctor of Medicine ; 
 
34 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New 
 York. In 1883 he was elected assistant aural surgeon in the New 
 York Eye and Ear infirmary, serving until 1885, when he resigned, 
 and removed to St. Louis, Mo. By the St. Louis Medical Society 
 he was appointed a delegate to the American Medical association 
 in 1888 and in 1893, and elected its vice-president in 1906. He 
 has been consulting Aural Surgeon to many institutions in St. 
 Louis ; and has contributed freely to the literature of his Medical 
 Specialty. 
 
 Bard, Thomas Robert, lawyer, United States senator, was born 
 Dee. 8, 1841, in Chambersburg, Pa. In 1858 he graduated from 
 Chambersburg academy and studied law. He was a strong union 
 man during the civil war. In 1864 he went to California ; and 
 there engaged in wharving and warehousing, banking, petroleum 
 mining, sheep raising and horticulture ; and is largely interested 
 in lands and the development of the oil industry in southern Cal- 
 ifornia. In 1880 and in 1892 he was a presidential elector from 
 Ventura county, Cal. In 1900-03 he was United States senator 
 from California to fill a vacancy. 
 
 Bardeen, Charles William, soldier, educator, publisher, author, 
 was born Aug. 28, 1847, in Groton, Mass. During the civil war 
 he served in the first regiment Massachusetts volunteers. For 
 many years he was engaged in educational work; and in 1891-95 
 was director of the national educational association. He is the 
 author of Manual of School Law; A System of Rhetoric; and a 
 score of other educational works. 
 
 Barela, Casimiro, ranchman, statesman, was born March 4, 1847, 
 in Mora, N.M. He received his education in New Mexico. Early 
 in life he moved to Colorado ; and is now a successful cattle and 
 sheep grower of Trinidad, Col. In 1872-74 he was a member of 
 the territorial legislature ; and in 1875 was a member of the con- 
 stitutional convention. Since 1876 he has been a member of the 
 state senate of Colorado, his present term expiring in 1908, which 
 will make a total length of service of thirty-two years in the 
 senate, a much longer service than any living man has ever served 
 in the United States. 
 
 Barham, John A., educator, lawyer, congressman, was born July 
 17, 1844, in Missouri. He removed with his parents to California 
 in 1849; and he was educated in the common schools and at the 
 Hesperian college of Woodland, Cal. He taught in the public 
 schools of California for three years; then studied law; and was 
 admitted to practice in 1868. In 1895-1901 he was a representative 
 from California to the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth and fifty-sixth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was chairman of the committee of 
 mileage in the fifty -fifth congress. He now practicing law in Santa 
 Rosa, Cal. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 35 
 
 Barhydt, Theodore Wells, railroad president, banker, capitalist, 
 was born April 10, 1835, in Newark, N.J. He received an academic 
 education in the lyceum academy of Schenectady, N.Y. In 1855 
 he moved to Burligton, Iowa, where he became one of the principal 
 clerks in the postoffice. In 1859 he entered mercantile business; 
 and since 1870 has been president of the Merchants' national 
 bank of Burlington, of which institution he was one of the organ- 
 izers. He was one of the organizers of the Burlington, Cedar 
 Rapids and northern railroad company; and is now president of 
 the Burlington and northwestern and of the Burlington and west- 
 ern railroad companies. He is the owner of the Delano hotel and 
 several other fine business buildings; was instrumental in estab- 
 lishing the Burlington water works ; and was one of the principal 
 promoters and builders of the first street railroad in his city. He 
 has been president of the board of trade; a member of the city 
 council; and has held various other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Barnes, Albert Abraham, government official, was born Dec. 
 6, 1837, in Utica, N.Y. He was educated in the public schools of 
 New York City. He has had a varied career ; for nearly a quar- 
 ter of a century has been in government service ; and is now con- 
 nected with the money order division of the New York City 
 postoffice. His father was the late Abraham Albert Barnes. His 
 uncle was the late Alanson H. Barnes, who was United States 
 marshal for Wisconsin during the civil war ; and was chief justice 
 of the United States court of Dakota. His great-grand-father was 
 a soldier in the revolutionary war. 
 
 Barnes, Almont, soldier, lawyer, diplomat, author, was born 
 Aprli 14, 1835, in Turin, N.Y. He was educated at St. Lawrence 
 academy, N.Y. ; and received the degree of LL.B. from the National 
 law school of Washington, D.C. He first entered journalistic 
 work. He has been captain of battery and chief of artillery. For 
 many years he was assistant clerk in the United States house of 
 representatives; and he was chief of bureau in the government 
 state department. He has been United States consul three times; 
 and is now engaged in his third term as statistical expert in the 
 department of agriculture of the United States government at 
 Washington, D.C. He is the editor and author of various works 
 published by the government and himself, including Agriculture 
 of South America ; and a work of International Law Decisions. 
 
 Barnes, Cassius McDonald, soldier, lawyer, banker, governor, 
 was born Aug. 25, 1845, in New York. At the age of sixteen he 
 enlisted in the union army ; was successively private secretary to 
 General Lyons; was in the military telegraph and engineer corps; 
 he was chief deputy United marshal ; and head of the United States 
 land office at Guthrie, Okla. He was a member of the third and 
 
36 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 fourth legislatures of Oklahoma ; and was elected speaker. In 
 1897-1901 he was governor of Oklahoma. He is now president of 
 the Logan county bank; and mayor of the city of Guthrie, Okla. 
 
 Barnes, Visscher Vere, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born Feb. 
 11, 1851, in Rensselaer, N.Y. He attended Oshkosh Normal school 
 of Wisconsin ; and Oberlin university. He took a law course at 
 Yale university, graduating with honor ; and a postgraduate 
 course at the Chicago law school receiving the degrees of LL.M. 
 and D.C.L. For several years he was county judge of Kings- 
 bury county, S.D. ; was a member of the Dakota house of rep- 
 resentatives ; and served as a member of the provisional senate 
 of South Dakota. He was United States commissioner for Dakota ; 
 was city attorney of De Smet, S.D. ; was a member of the board of 
 education of Yankton, S. D. ; and attorney to the board of insanity 
 for Brookings county, S.D. He has been chairman of the state 
 prohibition organization of South Dakota ; and in 1900 was can- 
 didate for governor of Illinois on the prohibition ticket. He has 
 been city attorney of Lake Bluff and Zion City, 111. ; and general 
 counsel for Zion and John Alexander Dowie. He was judge of the 
 city court of Zion City, 111. He is a contributor to the periodical 
 press. 
 
 Barnes, William, educator, lawyer, was born May 26, 1824, 
 in Pompey, N.Y. He was educated in the public schools and at 
 Manlius academy ; and in 1846 was admitted to the bar at Utica, 
 N.Y. Prior to this he started in life as a school teacher; and in 
 1843, in connection with his father, who was county superintend- 
 ent, he successfully conducted the first normal schools or teach- 
 ers' institutes in the state of New York at Baldwinsville. He was 
 long special counsel for the bank department of the state of 
 New York; in 1860-70 was first superintendent of insurance of 
 New York; and in 1872 was United States delegate to the inter- 
 national statistical congress at St. Petersburg, and was appointed 
 a member of the permanent commission. He has been special 
 counsel for the city of New York in special cases; is a specialist 
 in insurance law ; and resides at Thurlow Terrace, Albany, N.Y. 
 
 Barnhill, James Uriah, surgeon, author, was born Oct. 22, 1855, 
 near Wattsville, Ohio. He received a thorough education; and 
 in 1883 he graduated with the degree of M.D. from the Columbus 
 medical college of Ohio ; and has also received the degress of A.M. 
 and Ph. D. Since 1883 he has practiced surgery in Columbus, 
 Ohio; is United States examining surgeon for pensions; and a 
 member of the American medical association, the Ohio state and 
 central Ohio medical societies and the Columbus academy of medi- 
 cine. He is professor of surgery at the Columbus medical col- 
 lege at Columbus, Ohio. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 37 
 
 Barousse, Homer, state senator of Louisiana, was born Sept. 
 25, 1850, in Church Point, La. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of his native state. He is a successful merchant 
 and planter of Church Point, La. ; and he has always been prom- 
 inently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. 
 He is president of the Commercial bank of Church Point, La.; 
 has been vice-president of the Sunset Cotton Oil Mills of Sun- 
 set, La.; president of the Church Point Gin Company; and is 
 also an extensive land owner in Acadia and St. Landry parishes, 
 La. He is a member of the Louisiana state senate for the fourteenth 
 district ; and resides in Church Point, La. 
 
 Barrett, Charles A., state representative of Oregon, was born 
 June 21, 1852, in Summer, Maine. He was educated in the dis- 
 trict schools and under private tuition. He is a successful farmer, 
 stock raiser and merchant of Athena, Ore. For fifteen years he 
 was mayor and councilman of his city; for three years was a 
 school director; and has filled various other positions of trust 
 and honor. In 1906 he was elected a representative to the Oregon 
 state legislature; and resides in Athena, Ore. 
 
 Barrett, John P., sailor, electrician, inventor, was born in 1837 
 in Auburn, N.Y. In 1845 he came with his parents to Chicago, 
 111.; and was educated in the public schools of that city. For 
 eleven years he was a sailor; then returned to Chicago and ob- 
 tained a position in the fire department. In 1861-65 he was a 
 member of the fire department of Chicago, 111. ; was then assigned 
 to the fire alarm and telegraph department, of which he was su- 
 perintendent in 1876-94; and also city electrician. He was the 
 inventor of the fire signal joker, police patrol system, and in- 
 troduced the first underground electric service. He installed the 
 first municipal electric light system for street and river light- 
 ing. In 1893 he was chief of the electricity department at the 
 World's Columbian exposition. In 1897 he was retired on a 
 pension as consulting electrician by the city of Chicago. 
 
 Barrett, Joseph Hartwell, journalist, legislator, author, was 
 born April 15, 1824, in Ludlow, Vt. In 1845 he graduated from 
 Middleburg college. In 1851-52 he served as a representative in 
 the Vermont state legislature ; in 1853-54 he was secretary of the 
 Vermont senate, and in 1861-68 was commissioner of pensions. 
 During 1857-61 he was editor of the Cincinnati Gazette, and editor 
 of the Cincinnati Chronicle and Times during 1868-79. He has con- 
 tributed to reviews and other periodicals from 1846 to the present 
 time, and his writings have been valuable acquisitions to current 
 literature, and have, in many instances, been incorporated into 
 standard works. He is the author of Life of Abraham Lincoln ; 
 and Abraham Lincoln and his Presidency; and resides in Love- 
 land, Ohio. 
 
38 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Barrett, Luther Gustavus, clergyman, educator, college presi- 
 dent, was born Dec. 5, 1838, in Watertown, Mass. He received his 
 education at Harvard college; and at Newton theological insti- 
 tution. He has held pastorates in various cities of the United 
 States. He has been professor in Shaw university of Raleigh, N.C. ; 
 and for the past sixteen years has been president of Jackson col- 
 lege of Mississippi. 
 
 Bartch, George Washington, educator, lawyer, jurist, was born 
 on March 15, 1849, at Dushore, Pa. He graduated from Blooms- 
 burg state normal and received academic degree of master of 
 science. For several terms he was superintendent of public schools 
 of Shenandoah, Pa. ; in 1884-1886 he practiced law in Pennsylvania ; 
 in 1886-88 in Colorado ; and in 1888-89 practiced law in Salt Lake 
 City. In 1889-93 he was a probate judge of Salt Lake county by 
 appointment of President Harrison ; in 1893-96 was associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme court for the territory of Utah ; and served on 
 the supreme bench until he resigned. In 1896-1906 he was a mem- 
 ber of the state supreme court of Utah ; and in 1899-1900 and 1905- 
 06 was chief justice. He resigned his office as chief justice in 1906 
 and organized the law firm of Bartch and Bagley at Salt Lake 
 City, where he is now engaged in active practice. 
 
 Barth, Isaac, district attorney of Arizona, was born Feb. 5, 
 1876, in St. Johns. He was educated in the public and high schools 
 of Grand Rapids, Mich.; and graduated from the Indiana law 
 school. He has attained success in the pratice of law in Arizona ; 
 and since 1897 has been chairman of the Apache county demo- 
 cratic committee. In 1904 he was delegate-at-large from Arizona 
 to the national democratic convention held in St. Louis, Mo. He 
 is district attorney for the fourth judicial district of Arizona. 
 
 Bartholomew, Pliny Webster, lawyer, jurist, was born Aug. 4, 
 1840, in Cabotville, Mass. He graduated in 1864 from the Union 
 college of Schenectady, N.Y. He is an able lawyer of Indianapolis, 
 Ind. He has been commissioner for New York and Connecticut, 
 in Indiana ; and trustee of the American college of Indianapolis. 
 He was judge of the superior court in 1892-96 ; and is now serving 
 his second term of 1908-12. 
 
 Bartine, John D., lawyer, jurist, was born in 1836, in Prince- 
 ton, N.J. In 1865 he moved to Somerville, N.J. He has been 
 president of the board of education of Somerville, N.J. ; and pres- 
 ident of the board of commissioners. He has been prosecutor of 
 the pleas of Somerset county; and in 1867 the College of New 
 Jersey conferred upon him the honorary degree of master of 
 arts. For fifteen years, in 1885-1900, he was law judge of Somer- 
 set county. He has now retired from active work; and still re- 
 sides in Somerville, N.J. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 39 
 
 Bartscher, Hugo W., chairman united pure food commission of 
 Missouri, was born May 10, 1859, in St. Louis, Mo. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of St. Louis, Mo. ; graduated from the 
 high school ; attended the St. Louis medical college and the uni- 
 versities of Berlin and Vienna. He is a noted physician of St. 
 Louis, Mo. ; for many years was professor of histology and bacteri- 
 ology at the Beaumont hospital medical college of St. Louis, Mo., 
 and president of the N. St. Louis medical society. He is the au- 
 thor of Missouri's Pure Food Laws, act creating the office of state 
 dairy, food commissioner and the act prohibiting the adulteration 
 of foods and drugs. He is chairman of the united pure food com- 
 mission of Missouri ; and resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Bates, George H., state senator of South Carolina, was born 
 July 27, 1853, in Barnwell county, S.C. He was educated at 
 Richland Academy of South Carolina ; and in 1884 began the prac- 
 tice of law. In 1895 he was a member of the South Carolina state 
 constitutional convention. He has been county attorney of Barn- 
 well county; and a member of the board of trustees of Columbia 
 College. In 1904 he became a member of the South Carolina 
 state senate, and resides in Barnwell, S.C. 
 
 Bates, Lindon Wallace, civil engineer, contractor, scientist, was 
 born Nov. 19, 1858, in Marshfield, Vt. He was educated at the 
 Chicago high school and at Yale university. He has been surveyor 
 on the Northern pacific railroad ; assistant engineer of the North- 
 ern pacific and Oregon pacific railroads ; and contracting engineer 
 or manager on various railways, dock and terminal contracts in 
 Oregon, Washington, Montana, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Loui- 
 siana, California and other states. He was engaged on the Chi- 
 cago drainage canal; built the mammoth dredge Beta for the 
 United States government ; and in 1896-1902 was retained by the 
 Belgian government ; to prepare reports and projects for the im- 
 provement of the port of Antwerp. He was engaged by the Suez 
 Canal company ; and by the Russian government and by the 
 Queensland government ; and in collaboration with leading en- 
 gineers prepared a scheme for the improvement of the port of 
 Shanghai. He maintains offices in New York City and in London, 
 England ; and in 1900 received the grand prix decoration from 
 the French government for distinguished services to science. 
 
 Bates, William Wallace, journalist, shipbuilder, author, was born 
 Feb. 15, 1827, in Canada. In 1854-59 he helped to conduct the 
 Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal ; in 1875 he took part in a 
 council of shipbuilders to improve their rules ; in 1881 he built a 
 large dry dock at Portland, Maine, and in 1889 was elected com- 
 missioner of navigation. He is the author of The Shipping Ques- 
 tion Investigation Rules for Shipbuilding; American Marine; 
 American Navigation; and several other works. 
 
40 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Battle, George Gordon, lawyer, was born Oct. 26, 1868, in North 
 Carolina. He was educated at the Hanover academy, the univer- 
 sity of North Carolina and the university of Virginia. Since 1891 
 he has been in the general practice of law ; and has been assistant 
 district attorney for New York county. He is a member of the law 
 firm of Battle and Marshall of New York City ; and is a prominent 
 member of the bar association. He is a member of the Southern 
 society and the North Carolina society of New York ; and is also 
 a member of the Seneca, Calumet and Manhattan clubs. 
 
 Battle, Kemp Plummer, lawyer, educator, college president, au- 
 thor, was born Dec. 19, 1831, in Franklin county, N.C. He is the 
 son of the late Judge William Horn Battle. He graduated from 
 the State university of North Carolina, of which institution he 
 was president for fifteen years ; and now fills the chair of history. 
 He has been state treasurer of North Carolina. He is the au- 
 thor of History of the Supreme Court of North Carolina ; History 
 of Raleigh, N.C; History of the University of North Carolina; 
 Trials and Judicial Proceedings of the New Testament; Life of 
 General Jethro Sumner ; and other works. 
 
 Bayliss, Alfred, president of the western Illinois state normal 
 school, was born March 22, 1847, in Gloucestershire, England. 
 He was educated at Hillsdale college of Michigan, from which 
 institution of learning he received the degree of M.S. He has 
 attained success in educational work ; is a member of the Military 
 tract educational association; is a member of the Schoolmasters' 
 club of Illinois; is a member of the Illinois state teachers' asso- 
 ciation; is a member of the National educational association; is 
 a member of the National council of education; is a member of 
 the American association for the advancement of science; is a 
 member of the Grand army of the republic; is a member of the 
 Masons and of various other secret, fraternal, patriotic and scien- 
 tific societies. In 1899-1907 he was superintendent of public in- 
 struction for Illinois. Since 1906 he has been president of the 
 western Illinois state normal school; and resides in Macomb, 111. 
 Beal, James Hartley, educator, legislator, author, was born Sept. 
 23, 1861, in New Philedalphia, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 public school, at Scio college, at the university of Michigan and 
 at the Cincinnati law school. In 1902-04 he was a member of the 
 Ohio state legislature ; and was the author of the Beal local option 
 law. In 1902-04 he was acting president of Scio college ; professor 
 of theory and practice of pharmacy at the Pittsburg college of 
 pharmacy ; and editor of the Midland Druggist of Columbus, Ohio. 
 In 1904-05 he was president of the American pharmaceutical asso- 
 ciation. He is the author of Chemical and pharmaceutical Arith- 
 metic ; Prescription Practice and General Dispensing ; Pharmaceu- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 41 
 
 tical Interrogations; The Era Course in Pharmacy; and other 
 works. 
 
 Beal, Junius Emery, journalist, publisher, legislator, was born 
 Feb. 23, 1860, in Port Huron, Mich. In 1882 he graduated from 
 the literary department of the university of Michigan. He is a suc- 
 cessful journalist and publisher of Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1888 
 he was a presidential elector ; in 1889 was president of the Michi- 
 gan republican league ; and in 1893 was president of the Michigan 
 press association. In 1905-08 he was a representative in the 
 Michigan state legislature. In 1907 he was elected to the board 
 of regents in the university of Michigan. In 1909 he was appointed 
 on the public domain commission of Michigan. 
 
 Beale, Truxton, traveler, ranch manager, diplomat, was born 
 March 6, 1856, in San Francisco, Cal. In 1874 he graduated from 
 the Pennsylvania military college ; and in 1878 from Columbia law 
 school of New York City. President Harrison appointed him 
 United States minister to Persia; and later he was appointed 
 United States minister to Greece. He was a member of the anti- 
 Chinese commission. He has traveled extensively in central Asia, 
 Chinese-Turkestan and Siberia. He is now a successful ranch 
 manager in Kern county, Cal. He is a member of the Asiatic 
 society; and has written articles on international questions for 
 the North American Review, Forum and Cosmopolitan. 
 
 Beaman, George William, naval officer, was born May 7, 1837, 
 in Rutland, Va. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the third regi- 
 ment of Missouri United States reserve corps. He entered naval 
 service as assistant paymaster ; in 1866 was promoted to paymaster ; 
 and in 1890 became pay inspector. In 1899 he was promoted to pay 
 director ; and the same year was retired with the rank of rear ad- 
 miral. During the civil war he was attached to the South Atlantic 
 blockading squadron ; and with the East and West gulf blockading 
 squadron . In 1893-96 he was fleet paymaster of the North Atlantic 
 station ; and in 1896-99 of the navy yard at Boston, Mass. 
 
 Beatley, Mrs. Clara Bancroft, educator, lecturer, author, was 
 born Jan. 12, 1858, in Shirley, Mass. She graduated from the 
 Ayer high school ; and attended Massachusetts state normal school 
 located at Bridgewater, Mass. In 1878-87 she was a teacher in 
 the public schools of Massachusetts. She has been superintend- 
 ent of the Disciples' school at Boston, Mass.; and since 1893 has 
 been director of the children's mission and the Boston equal 
 suffrage association. She is the author of Joys Beyond Joy; 
 and the compiler of Apples of Gold and Forget-Me-Not. 
 
 Beck, Robert McCandlass, lieutenant of cavalry United States 
 army, was born May 9, 1879, in Westmister, Md. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native state; and graduated 
 
42 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from the United States military academy of West Point, N.Y. 
 As an army afficer he has filled all grades to first lieutenant in 
 the United States cavalry ; and has participated in various battles 
 and skirmishes. Since 1901 he has held the rank of first lieu- 
 tenant of cavalry in the United States army ; and is now stationed 
 at Jeffersonville, Ind. 
 
 Bede, J. Adam, educator, journalist, congressman, was born in 
 1856 in Lorain county, Ohio. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native state ; learned the printers trade ; taught 
 school ; engaged in newspaper work as a profession ; lived in most 
 of the western and southern states; and did reportorial work in 
 Washington. He was appointed United States marshal for the 
 district of Minnesota in 1894; served through the great rail- 
 road strikes of that year and resigned. He is identified with the 
 business and public affairs of Pine City, Minn. In 1903-09 he was 
 a representative from Minnesota to the fifty-eight, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 
 Beecher, Willis Judson, educator, clergyman, author, was born 
 on April 29, 1838, in Hampden, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Connecticut and New York ; attended academies 
 at Augusta and Vernon, N.Y. ; in 1858 received the degree of 
 B.A. from Hamilton college; and in 1864 graduated from the 
 Auburn theological seminary. In 1858-61 he was a teacher in 
 Whitestown seminary, state of New York; and in 1864-65 was 
 pastor of the presbyterian church at Ovid, N.Y. In 1865-69 he 
 was professor of moral science and literature at Knox college of 
 Galesburg, 111. In 1869-71 he was pastor of the First church of 
 Christ at Galesburg, 111.; and in 1871-1908 was professor of 
 Hebrew language and literature in Auburn seminary, N.Y. He is 
 the author of Farmer Tompkins and His Bibles ; The Prophets and 
 the Promise; Teaching of Jesus Concerning the Future Life; 
 Dated Events of the Old Testament. 
 
 Beeson, John Wesley, educator, college president, was born 
 March 31, 1866, in Keener, Ala. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation in the public schools of the south; and attended the uni- 
 versity of Alabama, from which institution he received the degrees 
 of A.B. and A.M. He has held several positions in different col- 
 leges ; became president of Arcadia college of Louisiana ; and sub- 
 sequently became president of the Marengo female college at 
 Demopolis, Ala. Since about 1903 he has been president of the 
 Meridian woman's college and conservatory of music, the largest 
 private college in the south, having about one thousand students. 
 
 Belding, Alvah Norton, silk manufacturer, business president, 
 was born March 27, 1838, in Ashfield, Mass. He was one of the 
 founders of the firm of Belding Brothers; and is now the vice- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 43 
 
 president, secretary and manager of the manufacturing part of 
 the business of Belding Brothers and company. He is also presi- 
 dent of the Belding land and improvement company of Belding, 
 Mich. ; vice-president of the Belding-Paul silk company, silk manu- 
 facturers of Montreal, Canada; and is a director of the Carlson 
 Currier company, silk manufacturers of San Francisco, Cal. ; and 
 a director in numerous financial and industrial corporations at 
 Rockville, Conn. 
 
 Bell, Charles Upham, lawyer, jurist, was born Feb. 26, 1843, in 
 Exeter, N.H. He was educated at Kimball union academy ; at- 
 tended Phillips Exter academy; and in 1863 graduated from 
 Bowdoin college. He soon attained success in the practice of law 
 in New England. He is now an associate justice of the superior 
 court of Massachusetts. 
 
 Bell, William Melvin, clergyman, bishop, author, was born Nov. 
 12, 1860, in Whitley county, Ind. In 1879 he graduated from 
 Roanoke classical seminary of Indiana ; and subsequently received 
 the degree of D.D. from the American temperance university. 
 In 1879-92 he was pastor at La Grange, Lafayette, Ligonier and 
 Elkhart, Ind. In 1890-93 he was president and superintendent of 
 the Indiana Sunday school association ; and in 1893-1905 was 
 general secretary of the department of home and foreign missions. 
 Since 1905 he has been bishop of the church of the United brethren 
 in Christ at Los Angeles, Cal. ; and his diocese of the Pacific in- 
 cludes conferences in Japan, China and the Philippines. Since 
 1907 he has been president of the California Sunday school asso- 
 ciation. He is the author of The Love of God; and The Social 
 Message of Our Lord. 
 
 Benjamin, Charles Henry, educator, mechanical engineer, au- 
 thor, was born Aug. 29, 1856, in Patten, Maine. In 1868-74 he 
 attended the Patten academy; and graduated as a mechanical 
 engineer from the university of Maine. Since 1889 he has been 
 professor of mechanical engineering at the Case school of applied 
 science. He had been the president of the Cleveland engineering 
 company ; in 1900-02 was supervising engineer of Cleveland ; 
 and has held other positions of trust and honor. He is the au- 
 tohr of Notes on Heat and Steam; Machine Design; Mechanical 
 Laboratory Practice ; Evolution of the Machine Tools ; Power 
 Losses in Machine Shop ; Development of Fly Wheels ; and several 
 Monographs. 
 
 Bennett, Christian A., district judge of Colorado, was born Nov. 
 7, 1849, in Ozaukee county, Wis. He has been prosecuting at- 
 torney of Maries county, Mo. ; and was a representative in the 
 thirty-first general assembly of Missouri. He has been city 
 attorney of Greeley, Col. ; and treasurer of Weld county, Col. 
 
44 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 In 1900 he became judge of the eighth judicial district court of 
 Colorado ; and resides in Greeley, Col. 
 
 Bennett, Granville G., soldier, lawyer, jurist, congressman, 
 was born Oct. 9, 1833, in Butler county, Ohio. He served through- 
 out the civil war as a commissioned officer in the union army. 
 Then he was a representaive in the Iowa state legislature in 1856- 
 67; and served in the state senate in 1867. In 1875 he was ap- 
 pointed an associate justice of the supreme court of the territory 
 of Dakota ; and resigned in 1878. In 1879-81 he was a territorial 
 delegate from Dakota to the forty-sixth congress as a republican. 
 Since his retirement from congress he has served four years on 
 the bench; and was a delegate to the national republican con- 
 vention of 1900. 
 
 Bennett, Louis, naval officer, educator, lawyer, banker, legis- 
 lator, was born Nov. 27, 1849, in Weston, W. Va. He received a 
 thorough education ; and graduated in law from the university 
 of Virginia. During the civil war he was a midshipman in the 
 confederate states navy. For several years he was engaged in 
 educational work; and was principal of the state normal school 
 at Glenville, W. Va. He is a successful lawyer of Weston, W. Va. ; 
 and has been prosecuting attorney of Lewis county. He has been 
 a member and speaker of the house of delegates of West Virginia ; 
 was nominee for presidential democratic elector-at-large for West 
 Virginia. ; and was democratic nominee for governor of West Vir- 
 ginia in 1908. He is president of the Lewis county bank of 
 Weston, W. Va. 
 
 Bennett, Richard, explorer, business man, public official, was 
 born March 15, 1850, in Canada. He is a successful dealer in 
 pine and farming lands ; and is well-known throughout the state. 
 He has been vice-president of the board of school directors of 
 Bennett, Wis. ; has filled the office of assessor ; and for eight 
 years he was postmaster of his city. His great-granduncle was 
 commissary-general and under General Wolfe, and received a 
 land grant of five hundred acres from the British government 
 where the city of Sherbroke now stands. He was the founder of 
 Bennett, Wis. ; and is now state trespass agent. 
 
 Bennett, William George, farmer, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 
 7, 1847, in Weston, W.Va. He was educated at the Virginia mili- 
 tary institute ; and at the university of Virginia. For sixteen 
 years he was judge of the eleventh circuit court of West Vir- 
 ginia, consisting of five counties. In 1900 he was democratic nomi- 
 nee for judge of the supreme court of appeals. He has been a di- 
 rector of the West Virginia hospital of the insane; and a mem- 
 ber of the commission to assess railroads for taxation. He stands 
 high in masonic circles ; and has been grand master of masons of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 45 
 
 West Virginia. Besides his law practice, he has been a successful 
 farmer and stock raiser. He is a son of the late Jonathan M. 
 Bennett, whose biography appears elsewhere in this work. 
 
 Benson, Alfred W., soldier, lawyer, jurist, United States senator, 
 was born July 15, 1843, in Jamestown, N.Y. In 1862-65 he served 
 from private to major in the one hundred and fifty-fourth regi- 
 ment New York volunteer infantry. In 1866 he was admitted to 
 the bar. He was a member of the Kansas state senate ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Kansas house of representatives; and was judge of the 
 district court for twelve years. In 1906 he was appointed United 
 States senator to fill a vacancy, which term expired in 1907. In 
 1907 he was appointed justice of the supreme court of Kansas to 
 fill a vacancy ; and at the election in 1908 was chosen for the full 
 term beginning Jan. 11, 1909. 
 
 Bentley, William Burdelle, educator, scientist, was born Aug. 
 8, 1866, in Maple Valley, N.Y. In 1882-85 he attended the Phillips 
 academy of Andover, Mass. ; in 1889 graduated with the degree of 
 A.B. from Harvard college ; and subsequently received the degrees 
 of A.M. and Ph.D. In 1894-1900 he was associate professor of 
 chemistry and physics at the university of Arkansas; and since 
 1900 has been professor of chemistry in the Ohio university at 
 Athens. In 1895-99 he was secretary and treasurer of the Fay- 
 etteville telephone company. He is a fellow of the American asso- 
 ciation for the advancement of science; is a member of the so- 
 ciety of chemical industry ; and an honorary fellow of the society 
 of biological chemistry of London, England. He is the author of 
 valuable Monographs on scientific subjects. 
 
 Berard, Eugene Michel, lawyer, was born July 27, 1855, in 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools; and in 1876 graduated from the Columbia law school 
 with the degree LL.B. Since 1876 he has been engaged in the 
 active practice of law ; and is now a partner in the law firm of 
 Hoppin and Berard of New York City. He is a director and 
 treasurer of the Eastern Kentucky coal lands corporation. He 
 is a member of the American academy of political and social 
 science; a member of the American economic association; and 
 a member of the National geographic society. He is also an 
 associate member of the National child labor committee; and 
 councilor of the American civic association. 
 
 Berry, A. Moore, library commissioner of Denver, Colo., was 
 born Dee. 5, 1849, in Greenville, S.C. He was educated at Lincoln- 
 ton institute of North Carolina. He was law reporter of the 
 court of appeals for twelve years in St. Louis, and during his 
 incumbency of that office he prepared and published twenty- 
 eight volumes of Missouri Appeal Reports. He has attained 
 
46 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 eminence at the bar, and has been general counsel of banks, rail- 
 roads and various large business corporations. He is library com- 
 missioner for the city of Denver for the term of 1906-14; and 
 resides in Denver, Colo. 
 
 Berryman, Jerome Woods, president Kansas bankers' associa- 
 tion, was born March 12, 1870, in Arcadia, Mo. He was educated 
 at the Bellevue collegiate institute of Caledonia, Mo. He is pres- 
 ident of the Stockgrowers' national bank of Ashland, Kan.; and 
 is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 his community. He has been councilman and mayor of his city; 
 served two terms as a representative in the Kansas state legis- 
 lature ; and resides in Ashland, Kan. 
 
 Best, Lyman Austin, educator, lecturer, was born Aug. 20, 1862, 
 at Hornell, N.Y. In 1888 he graduated with the degree of B.Sc. 
 from Cornell university. He held a university scholarship in 
 mathematics throughout his course ; and gained special distinc- 
 tion in mathematics as well as the Sigma Xi key upon graduation. 
 He began teaching in the high school at Hornell in 1881 ; and since 
 1888 has been engaged in his profession in Brooklyn, N.Y. He 
 was a teacher of mathematics in the Boys' high school in 1888-89; 
 was principal of grammar school number thirteen in 1889-1902 ; 
 and has been principal of grammar school number one hundred 
 and eight since 1902. He was president of the Brooklyn teach- 
 ers' association for four years in 1903-07; and president of the 
 Interborough council of teachers of New York City for three 
 years in 1904-07. He was also secretary of the New York state 
 teachers' association for three years in 1904-07. As president 
 of the New York City teachers' organizations he has secured 
 many advantages for the teachers of that city. He has been 
 especially instrumental in securing legislation in the interest of 
 teachers on the subject of retirement on annuity after long serv- 
 ice and for disability. These benefits have been obtained for 
 the teachers of the country at large as well as for the teachers 
 of New York City. He is recognized generally as the best in- 
 formed authority on the subject of public school teachers' re- 
 tirement laws. He is a member and the secretary of the board 
 of retirement of the department of education of the City of New 
 York. 
 
 Betts, George Whitefield, soldier, manufacturer, was born Sept. 
 27, 1842, in Norwalk, Conn. In 1861 he graduated from the col- 
 lege of the city of New York. He is a manufacturer of paints, 
 varnishes and brushes of New York City; is a director of the 
 F. W. Devoe and C. T. Raynolds company of New York City, which 
 was established in 1754. He is also vice-president of the Engle- 
 wood sewerage company. In 1863 he enlisted in the twenty-third 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 47 
 
 regiment New York infantry; served with it in the Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland campaigns in 1864, which ended in the battle of 
 Gettysburg and defeat of the confederates. His regiment, with 
 other troops, was afterward ordered to New York City to protect 
 the city from draft riots ; and he subsequently served seven years 
 in the seventh regiment New York national guard. He is a mem- 
 ber of the New York historical society ; is a member of the New 
 York numismatic and archaeological society; a member of the 
 seventh regiment veteran association; and various other clubs 
 and societies. 
 
 Beyer, Samuel Walker, educator, geologist, author, was born 
 on May 15, 1865, in Clearfield, Pa. In 1889 he graduated from 
 the Iowa state college; and subsequently received the degree of 
 Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins university. He is assistant geolo- 
 gist in the United States geological survey ; and a member of the 
 Iowa geological survey. He is a fellow of the Maryland asso- 
 ciation for the advancement of science; and a member of the 
 geological society of America. He is the author of Sioux Quart- 
 zite and Certain Associated Rocks; Geology of Boone, Marshall, 
 Story and Hardin Counties, Iowa ; Clay and Clay Industries. 
 
 Biddle, Arney Sylvenus, educator, clergyman, was born June 
 12, 1848, near Greenfield, Pa. In 1856 he moved with his father, 
 a noted physician, to Kirkwood, 111. ; was educated in the public 
 schools; and in 1872 graduated from Monmouth college. He 
 studied theology in the seminaries of Monmouth, Newburgh and 
 Allegheny ; and has received the degrees of D.D. and of LL.D. 
 He taught shorthand in the Monmouth college; and for awhile 
 was also engaged in legal reporting. In 1875-79 he was pastor 
 of Cabin Hill church, N.Y. ; in 1879-83 was pastor of the first 
 united Presbyterian church of Jersey City, N.Y. ; and since 1883 
 he has been pastor of the Summit avenue united presbyterian 
 church of Jersey City. For twenty-seven years he has been sec- 
 retary of the Jersey City ministerial association ; for twenty- 
 seven years was stated clerk of the New York presbytery of the 
 united presbyterian church ; and since 1894 has been stated clerk 
 of the New York synod of that denomination. He is the author 
 of Pastoral Settlements. 
 
 Bidwell, Daniel Doane, state representative of Connecticut, was 
 born Aug. 7, 1865. in East Hartford, Conn. He was educated at 
 the Hartford high school; and in 1886 graduated from Yale col- 
 lege. He is a journalist by profession; and has traveled exten- 
 sively on land and on sea. He has filled offices in the naval bat- 
 talion, Connecticut national guard; has been school visitor; and 
 has filled various positions of trust and honor in East Hartford, 
 Conn. He was a representative in the Connecticut general as-. 
 
48 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sembly of 1905 ; is again a representative in the general assembly 
 of Connecticut and a member on the military committee ; and 
 resides in East Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Bignon, Fleming Grandtland Du, lawyer, jurist, statesman, was 
 born July 25, 1853, in Milledgeville, Ga. In 1877-79 he was county 
 judge of Baldwin county, Ga. ; in 1880 was a member of the state 
 legislature ; in 1882 became a member of the Georgia state senate ; 
 and in 1888 and 1889 was president of the state senate. In 1896 
 he was an unsuccessful candidate for United States senator on 
 the gold platform. 
 
 Birkmire, William Harvey, architect, civil engineer, author, 
 was born June 25, 1860, at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 He was educated in the public and private schools of Philadelphia ; 
 studied architecture four years with Samuel Sloan, architect and 
 author ; and at the same time graduated from the Philadelphia 
 academy of music. In 1885 he removed to New York to take 
 charge of the construction department of the Jackson architec- 
 tural iron works ; and in 1892 of the J. B. and J. M. Cornell iron 
 works, the largest architectural iron works in America; and dur- 
 ing this time he made the practical steel details for large com- 
 mercial buildings and the Astor hotels. In 1894-98 he was archi- 
 tect and engineer for John T. Williams on the Central bank build- 
 ing, the Silk exchange building, Lord's court building and many 
 other prominent buildings in New York city. He is the author of 
 The Planning and Construction of High Office Buildings ; Skeleton 
 Construction in Buildings; Architectural Iron and Steel; The 
 Planning and Construction of American Theaters ; and of other 
 works. 
 
 Bisbee, Horatio, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born May 
 1, 1839, in Canton, Maine. He entered the union army in 1861 
 as a private and rose to the rank of colonel. Since 1865 he has 
 practiced law in Jacksonville, Fla. He was United States district 
 attorney in 1869-73 ; and was for a short time attorney-general of 
 the state. In 1877-85 he was a representative from Florida to the 
 forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh and forty-eighth congresses. 
 
 Bishop, Louis Faugeres, physician, author, was born March 
 14, 1864, in Brunswick, N.J. In 1885 he graduated from Rutgers 
 college ; and in 1889 from the college of physicians and surgeons 
 of New York City. He was clinical professor of heart and cir- 
 culatory diseases at Fordham university school of medicine of 
 New York City and now makes a specialty of diseases of the 
 heart and arteries in New York City. He is the author of Heart 
 Disease and Blood Pressure ; and several other works. 
 
 Bishop, Seth Scott, physician, surgeon, author, was born Feb. 
 7, 1852, in Fond du Lac, Wis. He was educated at the Pooler 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 49 
 
 institute, the university of New York, at Beloit college, and at the 
 medical department of the Northwestern university. He was 
 surgeon to the Illinois charitable eye and ear infirmary ; and con- 
 culting surgeon to the Silver cross hospital of Joliet. He is hon- 
 orary president of the faculty, and professor of diseases of the 
 nose, throat and ear in the Illinois medical college; is professor 
 in the Chicago postgraduate medical school and hospital; and 
 surgeon to various hospitals and charities. He has invented 
 numerous surgical instruments and apparatus in general use by 
 the medical profession. He is associate editor of the Laryn- 
 goscope. He is the author of Diseases of the Nose, Throat and 
 Ear ; The Ear and Its Diseases ; and scores of Monographs. 
 
 Bishop, William Thomas, soldier, banker, physician, surgeon, 
 author, was born Nov. 11, 1840, in Hummelstown, Pa. He gradu- 
 ated from the high school of Harrisburg, Pa. ; and graduated from 
 the Rush medical college of Chicago, 111. During the civil war 
 in 1862-63 he served as a private, orderly, sergeant and as second 
 lieutenant in Pennsylvania regiments. During the next ten years 
 he was engaged principally in the banking business. Since 1879 
 he has practiced medicine in Harrisburg, Pa. ; and since 1886 
 has been medical examiner for the Pennsylvania railroad com- 
 pany. He has been surgeon of his post grand army of the repub- 
 lic ; and is a prominent mason. In 1886 he was president of the 
 Harrisburg pathological society; in 1888 was president of the 
 Dauphin county medical society; and in 1897 was president of 
 the American electro-therapeutic association. 
 
 Black, Warren Columbus, clergyman, journalist, author, was 
 born May 24, 1843, in Copiah county, Miss. He acquired a su- 
 perior education, chiefly through his own efforts; and was suc- 
 cessively placed in charge of the leading churches of his con- 
 ference. In 1861 he entered the confederate army ; and he served 
 continuously until the close of the war in 1865. He was licensed 
 to preach in 1864, being at that time a first lieutenant in the con- 
 federate service ; and he distinguished himself as a soldier, as he 
 has since in his ministerial career. In 1886, 1890, 1894, and 1898 
 he was a delegate to the general conference. In 1886 he declined 
 the presidency of Whitworth female college of Brookhaven, Miss. ; 
 and the same year declined the presidency of the Centenary col- 
 lege of Jackson, La. Since 1893 he has been editor and publisher 
 of the New Orleans Christian Advocate. Dr. Black has lectured 
 in nine different states ; and three of his lectures — God in Nature ; 
 Genesis and Geology; Is Man Immortal — have attracted much at- 
 tention. He is the author of Philosophy of Methodism ; Temper- 
 ance and Teetotalism; Christian "Womanhood; and other works. 
 Blackmail, Alfred John, second lieutenant Hawaiian National 
 
50 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 guard, was born Oct. 23, 1883, in San Francisco, Cal. He was 
 educated in the public and Catholic schools of San Francisco, Cal. 
 He is by profession a salesman of Honolulu, H.I. ; and greatly in- 
 terested in military matters. Since 1904 he has held the rank of 
 second lieutenant in the first regiment of Hawaii National guard ; 
 and resides in Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 
 Blackader, Alexander Dougall, physician, scientist, was born 
 June 19, 1847, in Montreal, Canada. He was educated at the 
 McGill university; and is a graduate in arts and medicine, with 
 honors in natural science. He also attended Saint Thomas's hos- 
 pital of London, England. Since 1881 he has been a lecturer on 
 the diseases of children, and since 1891 has been professor of 
 pharmacology and therapeutics at McGill university. He also 
 practices medicine in Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Blackmore, Henry Spencer, patent attorney, chemist, inventor, 
 was born March 10, 1868, in Yonkers, N.Y. ; and is a son of Isaac 
 Blackmore. In 1884 he graduated from the grammar school at 
 Mount Vernon, N.Y. ; in 1888 he graduated from the New York 
 college of pharmacy; and has received the degrees of Ph.G. and 
 F.C.S. He has been vice-president of the Black-Ford utility oil 
 company; is consulting chemist to the American automatic dis- 
 infectant company and the Mexican national leather company; 
 and is the inventor of processes for reducing aluminum and other 
 metals, electric smelting, making alkali from feldspar, making 
 caustic soda from common salt; and has taken out over one hun- 
 dred and fifty patents. He is the discoverer, inventor and patentee 
 of a process for making substances which are unstable at elevated 
 temperature, but which evolve heat on their formation ; and 
 this process has economized and revolutionized the manufacture 
 of these products. He has also discovered what is believed to be 
 two new chemical elements of non-metallic nature, found asso- 
 ciated or combined with sulphur, for which the names Azureon 
 and Vernon have been suggested. He is consulting chemist to 
 the health department of the state of New York. He is a fellow 
 of the American association for the advancement of science; 
 a member of the International congress of applied chemistry and 
 the International electrical congress; and of various other frater- 
 nal, patriotic and scientific societies. 
 
 Blackstone, John William Gillet, judge circuit court of Virginia, 
 was born Oct. 3, 1858, in Accomack, Va. For two years he studied 
 at Roanoke college ; and for five years at the University of Vir- 
 ginia. He soon acquired prominence at the bar of Virginia; 
 and in 1896 was a member of the national democratic convention 
 held at Chicago, 111. He has been a member of the Virginia state 
 senate ; for several years was county judge of Accomack county ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 51 
 
 and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is 
 now judge of the circuit court of the twelfth judicial circuit of 
 Virginia for the term of 1904-10 ; and resides in Accomack, Va. 
 
 Blackwell, Mrs. Antoinette Brown, minister, author, was born 
 May 20, 1825, in Henrietta, N.Y. She is a unitarian minister promi- 
 ment in the woman suffragist's movement and in other reforms. 
 She is the author of Studies in General Science; The Market 
 Woman; The Island Neighbors, a novel of American life; The 
 Sexes Throughout Nature; The Physical Basis of Immortality; 
 The Many and the One ; and The Philosophy of Individuality. 
 
 Blain, Randolph Harrison, soldier, lawyer, jurist, author, was 
 born Aug. 16, 1842, in Glentivar, Albermarle county, Va. He 
 graduated with the degree of B.A. from Washington college of 
 Lexington, Va. ; and graduated from the Louisville law school 
 with the degree of B.L. He served in the confederate army dur- 
 ing the civil war as private and senior first lieutenant in Jackson's 
 battery of General Stuart's horse artillery; receiving six wounds. 
 For twenty years he was attorney for the Louisville school board ; 
 for twenty-five years was president of the Louisville charity or- 
 ganization, and for many years was judge of the police court of 
 Louisville, Ky. He is a prominent mason ; and a member of the 
 George B. Eastin camp, united confederate veterans. He is the 
 author of Public School Laws of the City of Louisville. 
 
 Blaisdell, Alfred, lawyer, statesman, was born in 1875 in Fair- 
 mont, Minn. In 1894 he graduated from Fairmont high school; 
 in 1898 graduated from the university of Minnesota with the 
 degree of bachelor of science; and in 1901 graduated from the 
 college of law at the university of Minnesota. In 1900 he began 
 the practice of law in Minot, N.D. ; has been United States com- 
 missioner ; a trustee of the state normal board ; and a director in 
 the state historical society. He is a member of the masonic and 
 various fraternal and patriotic orders ; and has been a successful 
 promoter of various business enterprises in the state of North 
 Dakota. In 1907-08 he was secretary of state for North Dakota. 
 
 Blair, Charles H., lawyer, statesman, author, was born July 
 5, 1851, in Zanesville, Ohio. He was educated at Kenyon col- 
 lege; and graduated from Cornell university with the degrees 
 of A.B. and A.M. In 1876-82 he practiced law in Ithaca, N.Y.; 
 and since 1882 has practiced law in New York City. In 1892- 
 1900 he was president of the Ithaca calendar clock company ; and 
 since 1905 has been president of the Hanover land and dock com- 
 pany. He has been captain and colonel in the New York na- 
 tional guard. In 1890 he was the republican candidate for con- 
 gress from the twelfth district of New York City. He was one 
 of the founders of the Ohio society of New York. He is the 
 
52 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 author of The National Railway Act ; and Report on the Proposed 
 Park System for the Borough of Richmond, New York City. 
 
 Blair, William Allen, educator, lecturer, author, was born June 
 4, 1860, in High Point, N.C. After graduating in 1882 from Har- 
 vard university he entered actively into educational work. In 
 1889 he was commissioned as state representative of the Paris 
 exposition and has thoroughly examined the school systems of 
 Europe. He has been president of several societies and in 1890 
 became president of the People's national bank of Winston, N.C. 
 In 1899 he was president of the North Carolina state bankers' 
 association. He is the author of The History of Banking in North 
 Carolina ; Banks of Issue ; and other works. 
 
 Blake, William Phipps, geologist, was born June 1, 1826, in 
 New York City. He is professor of geology in the university of 
 Arizona ; and actively engaged in exploring the mineral resources 
 of the Pacific states and territories. He is the author of Silver 
 Ores and Silver Mines; California Minerals; Production of the 
 Precious Metals; Iron and Steel; Ceramic Art and Glass; His- 
 tory of Hamden, Conn. ; Life of Captain Jonathan Mix ; and many 
 contributions to journals of science. 
 
 Blanchard, James Armstrong, soldier, lawyer, jurist, was born 
 Aug. 16. 1845, in Henderson, N.Y. At the age of nine years he 
 was taken by his parents to Fond du Lac, Wis. ; and while pre- 
 paring for college he enlisted in the second Wisconsin volunteer 
 cavalry; and was mustered out in 1865. In 1871 he graduated 
 from Ripon college ; and in the meantime taught school to pay 
 his expenses. In 1873 he graduated from the law school of Col- 
 umbia college of New York City; and soon attained prominence 
 at the bar. In 1901 he was elected justice of the supreme court 
 of the state of New York for the term ending in 1915. 
 
 Blayney, Francis Stockton, educator, clergyman, lecturer, col- 
 lege president, founder, author, was born July 31, 1856, in Iberia, 
 Ohio. He has received the degrees of A.M., Ph.D. and D.D. He 
 was president of the university of Omaha; and president of 
 Bellevue college. He organized and built the Second presbyterian 
 church of Omaha; and also the First presbyterian church of 
 Omaha and the First church of Hebron, Neb. Since 1890 he has 
 been pastor of the First presbyterian church of Abilene, Kan. 
 He has lectured on philosophy, psychology and ethics. He was 
 acting chaplain under Generals Howard and Crooks at Fort 
 Omaha. He is the author of Monographs on Philosophy, Psychol- 
 ogy and Ethics. 
 
 Bliss, Cornelius Newton, treasurer republican national commit- 
 tee for New York, was born Jan. 26, 1833, in Fall River, Mass. 
 He was a member of the Pan-American conference ; was president 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 53 
 
 of the protective tariff league; was chairman of the republican 
 state committees New York of 1887 and 1888; was treasurer of 
 the national republican committees in 1892, 1896, 1900 and 1904 ; 
 declined to be a candidate for the nomination for governor of 
 his state in 1885, and refused to have his name presented to the 
 convention for that position in 1891. He was chairman of the 
 business men's committee which tried to nominate President 
 Arthur for a second term in 1884, and was chairman of the com- 
 mittee of thirty in 1893. He was secretary of the interior in 1897- 
 98. He resides in New York iCty. 
 
 Bliss, Tasker Howard, soldier, was born Dec. 31, 1853, in 
 Lewisburg, Pa. In 1875 he graduated from West Point military 
 academy; and in 1884 from the United States artillery school. 
 In 1875-92 he served in the first United States artillery. In 1884- 
 85 he was adjutant in the artillery school; and in 1888-95 was 
 inspector of rifle practice. In 1895-97 he was on special duty 
 with the secretary of war ; and in 1897-98 was military attache of 
 the United States legation at Madrid. He served through the 
 Spanish-American war; and in 1898-1902 was chief of the Cuban 
 customs service. In 1901 he was appointed brigadier-general in 
 the United States volunteers; and in 1902 became brigadier-gen- 
 eral in the United States army. Since 1903 he has been presi- 
 dent of the army war college at Washington, D.C. 
 
 Block, Louis James, educator, author, poet, was born in 1851 
 in Austria. Since 1895 he has been principal of the John Marshall 
 high school of Chicago, 111. He is the author of Dramatic Sketches 
 and Poems ; The New World and Other Verse ; Capriccios ; Many 
 Moods and Many Minds ; and The World 's Triumph. 
 
 Blood, Jared P., soldier, lawyer, was born Jan. 18, 1844, in 
 Whitefield, N.H. ; and is a lineal descendant of Sir Isaac Newton 
 on his maternal side. He received his academic education at the 
 Lancaster academy of New Hampshire. He served as a union 
 soldier during the civil war, enlisting in 1864 in the first New 
 Hampshire heavy artillery, company I ; and served until the close 
 of the civil war. He entered the classical course at Lombard uni- 
 versity in 1866 ; graduated in 1870 with the degree of A.B. ; and 
 subsequently received the degree of A.M. from the same institu- 
 tion. He has been vice-president, director and general counsel 
 for the Lincoln park company and the Sioux City and Morning- 
 side railway company, of which he was one of the promoters. He 
 has become one of the foremost lawyers of the west ; and has an 
 extensive practice in Sioux City, Iowa, where he is a prominent 
 member of the masonic order, grand army of the republic and 
 other fraternal bodies. He has also contributed extensively to 
 law literature and various newspapers and magazines. 
 
54 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Bloom, Jacob E., captain United States army, was born April 
 21, 1851, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated at the Cincinnati 
 high school; attended the Cincinnati law college; and graduated 
 from the United States military academy. He was commandant 
 of cadets, East Tennessee university. In 1876 he participated as 
 an officer of the fourth United States artillery in the Sioux Indian 
 campaign; and also in the Nez Perce campaign of 1877. In 
 1880-98 while in civil life he was a member of the bar of Ohio and 
 New York ; in 1894 founded the wage earners fraternal insurance ; 
 and in 1898 founded the patriotic league of New York. During the 
 Spanish-American war he was assistant adjutant-general United 
 States volunteers. Since 1901 he has held the rank of captain 
 commissary in the United States army; and since 1906 has been 
 stationed at Iloilo, P.I. 
 
 Blue, Rupert, physician, sanitarian, was born May 30, 1867, 
 in Richmond county, N.C. He was educated at the university of 
 Virginia and at the university of Maryland. In 1892 he was in- 
 terne, in 1893 assistant surgeon and since 1897 has been past as- 
 sistant surgeon in the United States public health and marine 
 hospital service. He has served in Cincinnati, Galveston, Charles- 
 ton, San Francisco, Portland, Milwaukee, New York City, Nor- 
 folk, New Orleans and in foreign ports ; and in 1905 served through 
 the epidemic of yellow fever in New Orleans, La. In 1897 he was 
 director of the Jamestown exposition ; and in 1907-08 commanded 
 the second campaign against the bubonic plague in San Francisco, 
 Cal. 
 
 Boardman, William F. J., merchant, manufacturer, genealogist, 
 was born Dec. 12, 1828, in Wethersfield, Conn. For forty-two 
 years he was an importer, merchant and manufacturer of Hart- 
 ford, Conn. ; and a bank director and a director of companies. 
 In 1852 he married Miss Jane Maria Greenleaf, who died in 1899. 
 He is a member of the Connecticut historial society of founders 
 and patriots of America; and a member of other historical and 
 genealogical societies. He is the author of The Boardman Gene- 
 alogy ; The Francis-Goodrich-Boardman Genealogy ; The Wethers- 
 field Inscriptions; The Memorial of Mary Frances and William 
 Boardman; and other genealogical compilations. 
 
 Boas, Emil Leopold, general manager Hamburg-American line, 
 was born Nov. 15, 1854, in Goerlitz, Germany. He was educated 
 at the Royal Frederick William gymnasium in Breslau; at the 
 Sophia gymnasium in Berlin; and graduated in 1872; in 1873 he 
 became connected with the Hamburg-American line ; and the same 
 year came to the United States. Since 1892 he has been general 
 manager of the Hamburg- American line; president of the Atlas 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 55 
 
 line steamship company; and has taken a prominent part in all 
 efforts to improve transportation facilities by water. 
 
 Boedecker, George August Wilhelm, merchant, author, poet, 
 was born Jan. 18, 1840, in Germany. He served two terms as a 
 justice of the peace in Kansas. He is now in business in Pueblo, 
 Col. He is the author of a volume of poems ; and has ready for 
 publication a prose work. 
 
 Bogert, Marston Taylor, educator, scientist, was born April 18, 
 1868, in Flushing, N.Y. He was educated at the Flushing institute; 
 in 1890 graduated from Columbia university ; and in 1890-94 took 
 a course of chemistry in the Columbia university school of mines. 
 Since 1901 he has been professor of organic chemistry in Col- 
 umbia university. He is a fellow of the American association for 
 the advancement of science; and in 1900 was a member of the 
 general committee. He was one of the founders of the chemists' 
 club of New York City. He is a contributor of the School of 
 Mines Quarterly and to the Journal of the American Chemists' 
 
 Society. 
 
 Bolen, David Winton, lawyer, jurist, statesman, was born Aug. 
 17, 1851, in Carroll county, Va. He has been an editor; was a 
 surveyor; and is an eminent lawyer of Virginia. He was three 
 times elected to the state legislature; was four years judge of 
 the county court of Carroll county; and for two years was 
 judge of the fifteenth judicial circuit of Virginia. He was a 
 member of the Virginia constitutional convention in 1901-02 ; and 
 in 1904 was a presidential elector on the democratic ticket for 
 
 Judge Parker. , ._ 1Q . n 
 
 Bolton, J. Gray, clergyman, founder, was born March 17, 1849, 
 in Ireland. He was the founder of Hope presbyterian church at 
 Philadelphia, Pa.; and has been its only pastor for thirty-four 
 
 years. . . . , 
 
 Bond, Mrs. Clara, state librarian of Wyoming. She is in the 
 service of the state of Wyoming as state librarian for the term 
 ending in 1907, and was re-appointed for the term of 1907-09; 
 and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 Booth, John E., county district judge of Utah, was born June 
 29 1847 in Lancashire, England. He was educated at the 
 Deseret university of Salt Lake City, Utah. He has been mayor 
 of Provo Utah ; and a member of both houses of the territorial 
 legislature. He has been county attorney for Utah county; as- 
 sistant United States district attorney; and a member of the 
 state and territorial board of equalization. Since 1899 he has been 
 district and probate judge for Utah, Wasatch and Uintah coun- 
 ties ; and resides in Provo, Utah. 
 
56 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Bope, Henry P., vice-president Carnegie steel company, was 
 born Sept. 19, 1858, in Lancaster, Ohio. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the public schools of his native town; 
 and subsequently studied under private tuition. He became an 
 expert reporter; and in 1878-79 reported the Ohio legislative 
 sessions. In 1879 he became a representative of his old firm, 
 A. S. Barnes and company, with whom he had been connected 
 earlier in life at Columbus, Ohio. He next became connected 
 with the Carnegie interests at Pittsburg, Pa.; and in 1900 was 
 made assistant general sales agent. Since 1901 he has been vice- 
 president; and is now first vice-president and general manager 
 of the Carnegie steel company, the National steel company, and 
 the American hoop company. 
 
 Borden, Matthew Chaloner Dufree, merchant, manufacturer, 
 philanthropist, was born July 18, 1842, in Fall River, Mass. The 
 mills of his firm contain about two hundred thousand spindles and 
 more than five thousand looms, producing thirty-five thousand 
 pieces of print cloth weekly, or about one-half the whole amount 
 required by the American printing company. The two companies 
 are of enormous value to Fall River, Mass. He takes a prom- 
 inent part in public affairs and is identified with various philan- 
 thropic movements in his town and state. 
 
 Bostwick, Charles Francis, lawyer, statesman, was born Oct. 
 10, 1866, in Westchester county, N.Y. He was educated in the 
 public schools of New York city; received the degree of Ph.D. 
 from Columbia college ; received the degree of LL.B. from Colum- 
 bia law school; and in 1886 received the degree of LL.M. from 
 the New York university. Since 1887 he has practiced law in 
 New York city. In 1902 he was elected a member of the New 
 York state assembly ; was re-elected in 1903 ; and introduced the 
 one hundred thousand dollar barge canal bill, known as the 
 Bostwick-Davis bill. In 1904-05 he was president of the West 
 Side republican club ; and for thirteen years was a member of 
 the seventh regiment New York national guard. He is the author 
 of Bostwick 's Lawyers ' Manual ; and numerous legal pamphlets. 
 
 Bovard, Freeman Daily, educator, journalist, mathematician, 
 was born Jan. 9, 1851, in Alpha, Ind. He graduated from De 
 Pauw university of Greencastle, Ind. ; and has received the de- 
 grees of A.B., A.M., D.D. and Ph.D. In 1875 he was ordained to 
 the methodist episcopal ministry. In 1880-85 he was professor of 
 mathematics at the university of Southern California, of which he 
 was also vice-president. In 1887-93 he was presiding elder of the 
 San Francisco district; and superintendent of the methodist epis- 
 copal church. In 1889-1900 he was secretary of the movement for 
 the exemption from taxation of churches in California. In 1900, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 57 
 
 1904 and 1908 he was a delegate to the general conference. Since 
 1900 he has been editor of the California Christian Advocate ; and 
 is the author of valuable contributions to current literature of the 
 church. 
 
 Bovard, George Finley, educator, clergyman, college president, 
 was born Aug. 8, 1856, in Alpha, Incl. He was a student in the 
 De Pauw university; and he graduated from the university of 
 southern California with the degrees of A.B. and A.M. ; and re- 
 ceived the degree of D.D. from Wilmette university. In 1884-87 
 he was a pastor in the methodist church ; and in 1887-90 and 1897- 
 1903 was presiding elder. In 1890-97 he was superintendent of 
 the Arizona missions. Since 1900 he has been president of the 
 board of trustees of the university of southern California; and 
 since 1903 he has been president of that institution. 
 
 Bo wen, Andrew Jackson, merchant, lawyer, statesman, was 
 born April 16, 1845, in Eastford, Conn. For many years he was 
 engaged in educational work; then engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits; and has served as postmaster, constable, bank director, 
 school visitor and justice of the peace. In 1880 he was a repre- 
 sentative in the Connecticut state legislature from Eastford; and 
 served in the same position in 1895 from Windham. In 1895 he 
 became judge of the police court of the city of Willimantic, where 
 he practices law. He is now United States referee in bankruptcy ; 
 and also town counsel for Windham. 
 
 Bowerman, George Franklin, librarian, was born Sept. 8, 1868, 
 in Farmington, N.Y. In 1892 he was graduated from the univer- 
 sity of Rochester, N.Y. ; and in 1895 from the New York state 
 library school at Albany with the degree of B.L.S. In 1895-96 
 he was reference librarian of the Reynolds library at Rochester; 
 in 1897-1900 he was on the editorial staff of the New York Trib- 
 une ; and in 1900-01 was on the staff of the New International 
 Encyclopaedia. In 1901-04 he was librarian of the Wilmington 
 institute free library; and while living in Delaware was a mem- 
 ber of the state library commission. He is a member of the 
 American library association; and was its treasurer in 1906-07. 
 In 1905 he was president of the library department of the religious 
 education association ; and in 1906-07 was president of the District 
 of Columbia library association. He is the compiler of Selected 
 Bibliography of the religious denominations of the United States. 
 Since 1904 he has been librarian of the public library of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 Bowers, Alphonzo Benjamin, civil, mechanical and hydraulic 
 engineer, inventor, was born Sept. 25, 1830, in Baldwin, Maine. 
 He was educated at the Brighton academy of Maine ; attended the 
 Wesleyan seminary of Bridgewater, and the state normal school. 
 
58 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 In 1853 he went to California and there engaged in mining, teach- 
 ing, writing and lecturing ; and the same year invented a method 
 of cheap transportation of earth by stream of water on down 
 grade in open flume. In 1863 he invented a method of building 
 dams from dredges; in 1874-76 put in the waterworks at Liver- 
 more, Cal. ; and in 1878 built the first hydraulic dredge. He is the 
 inventor of the art of hydraulic dredging; and is president and 
 vice-president of several large dredging companies on the Atlantic 
 and Pacific lines. He is also interested in coal mining, water- 
 works, electric and light plants, gold and silver mines in Wyom- 
 ing, on the Pacific coast and in Mexico. In 1861-63 he was a dele- 
 gate to the republican state conventions; and declined the nomin- 
 ation for surveyor-general. In 1863-67 he was in charge of the 
 sale of state lands ; and in 1898 was a delegate to the international 
 congress of commerce and navigation at Brussels. He is one of 
 the founders of the Technical society of the Pacific coast ; and also 
 of the California association of civil engineers. 
 
 Boyd, James P., lawyer, journalist, author, was born Dec. 20, 
 1836, in Lancaster county, Pa. He graduated from Lafayette col- 
 lege ; and was a member of the Philadelphia and Lancaster bars. 
 In 1869-72 he was managing editor of the Philadelphia Press; 
 and was managing editor of the People's Journal in 1873-83. He 
 is the author of Lives of Grant, Sheridan, Sherman, and Emperor 
 William I ; History of the Crusades ; Building and Ruling the Re- 
 public ; Political History of the United States ; and other works. 
 
 Boyle, Thomas Newton, soldier, clergyman, lecturer, was born 
 April 26, 1839, in Blairsville, Pa. In his youth he learned the 
 printing business; and became editor of the Democratic Whig of 
 Belief onte, Pa. He subsequently attended school ; and in 1859 be- 
 came a clergyman in the methodist episcopal church. During the 
 fall of 1862 he recruited three hundred men for the union army. 
 He enlisted in the hundred and fortieth regiment Pennsylvania 
 infantry ; and was elected captain of company H. He is a trustee 
 of the American university, of Allegheny college, of Mount Union 
 college and of Beaver college; and has received the degrees of 
 D.D. and LL.D. He has been a presiding elder for eighteen years ; 
 five times was a member of the general conference ; was a member 
 of the centennial conference of 1884; and was a member of the 
 book committee of the church for four years. As a lecturer he is 
 a forceful and an eloquent speaker. He is past grand chaplain of 
 the grand army of the republic; and grand prelate of the grand 
 commandery of Pennsylvania. He is a constant contributor to 
 current literature. He is now district superintendent of the Al- 
 legheny district methodist episcopal church; and a resident of 
 Grafton, Pa. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 59 
 
 Bracken, Henry Martyn, secretary and executive officer Min- 
 nesota state board of health, was born Feb. 27, 1854, in Nobles- 
 town, Pa. In 1877 he graduated from the college of physicians 
 and surgeons of New York City; and received a diploma in 1879 
 from the Royal college of surgeons at Edinburgh, Scotland. In 
 1888-1908 he was professor of materia medica and therapeutics at 
 the university of Minnesota. He is the author of Infection and 
 Disinfection. Since 1890 he has been secretary and executive 
 officer of the Minnesota state board of health; and resides in St. 
 Paul, Minn. 
 
 Brackett, J. Raymond, educator, litterateur, was born April 1, 
 1854, in Raymond, Maine. He attended Bates college and Yale 
 college; and has received the degrees of B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. 
 For many years he was engaged in educational work in New Eng- 
 land ; and since 1884 has filled the chair of comparative and Eng- 
 lish literature in the university of Colorado, of which institution 
 he is director of the graduate school. 
 
 Bradbury, William Frothingham, educator, inventor, author, 
 was born May 17, 1829, in Westminster, Mass. He attended the 
 Westminster academy ; and in 1856 he graduated from Amherst 
 college. He is the head master in the Cambridge latin school. He 
 is the author of Sight Arithmetic ; and of several mathematical 
 text-books. He is the inventor and patentee of a device for il- 
 lustrating the metric system of weights and measures. He was a 
 member of the Cambridge city government two years. For forty- 
 four years he has been a member of the Handel and Haydn society ; 
 one of its directors for more than twenty-two years past; and its 
 secretary for ten years. 
 
 Bradley, George Beckwith, lawyer, state senator, jurist, was 
 born Feb. 5, 1825, in Greene, Chenango county, N.Y. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the country schools ; attended the 
 academy at Ithaca, N.Y. ; and studied law. Subsequently the uni- 
 versity of Rochester conferred him the degree of LL.D. In 1848 
 he was admitted to the bar at Oswego, N.Y. ; and began the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Corning, N.Y. In 1872-73 he was a mem- 
 ber of the New York state constitutional convention ; and in 1874- 
 77 was a member of the New York state senate. In 1884-97 he 
 was justice of the supreme court of New York ; during that time 
 was judge of the second division court of appeals for about four 
 years; and in 1896-97 was a member of the appellate division of 
 the supreme court. He has retired from active work; and is now 
 vice-president of the first national bank of Corning, N.Y. 
 
 Bradley, Leonidas Hamaline, lawyer, was born July 23, 1841, 
 in Patriot, Ohio. In 1861 he graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan 
 university, and received the degree of B.A. ; and subsequently re- 
 
60 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ceived the degree of A.M. He served as a union soldier and was as- 
 sistant acting adjutant-general at Fort Pickering, Memphis, Tenn. 
 In 1866 he was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois. 
 He lived in Springfield, 111., during 1865-86 and there took an 
 active part in local affairs ; was a member of the city council, and 
 assistant United States attorney for the southern district of Illinois, 
 and was instrumental in breaking up the whisky ring during 1868- 
 73. He then removed to Omaha, Neb., where he holds a place in 
 the front ranks as an able lawyer. 
 
 Bradley, Nathan B., jurist, legislator, state senator, congress- 
 man, was born May 28, 1831, in Lee, Mass. He was elected a jus- 
 tice of the peace three terms ; a supervisor one term ; an alderman 
 three terms ; and was the first mayor of Bay City, Mich., declining 
 a renomination. He was elected to the forty-third and forty- 
 fourth congresses as a republican. He is senior member of the 
 business firm of N. B. Bradley and Sons ; and resides in Bay City, 
 Mich. 
 
 Brainard, David Legg, soldier, explorer, was born Dec. 21, 1856, 
 in Norway, N.Y. He attended the state normal school at Cortland, 
 N.Y. He participated in the Indian campaigns under General 
 Miles; and was wounded in the face in action with the Sioux at 
 Muddy Creek in 1877. In the following August he was one of the 
 four men selected to act as escort to General Sherman and party 
 in their tour through the national park. In 1879 he was promoted 
 sergeant; and in 1880 was recommended for detail on the How- 
 gate polar expedition. He was one of the three who in 1882 at- 
 tained the highest northern point on the globe over reached by 
 man. During the Spanish-American war he was promoted to 
 colonel and chief commissary of the United States volunteers ; and 
 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1905. 
 
 Branson, Eugene Cunningham, educator, college president, au- 
 thor, was born Aug. 6, 1861, in Morehead City, N.C. He has been 
 superintendent of public schools at Wilson, N.C, and at Athens, 
 Ga. For a number of years he was professor of pedagogy at the 
 Georgia normal and industrial school ; and is now president of the 
 state normal school of Georgia. He is the author of Methods of 
 Teaching Arithmetic ; Methods of Teaching Reading and Spelling ; 
 Revised Page's Theory and Practice of Teaching; Georgia Edition 
 Shaw's School Hygiene; Georgia Edition Arnold's Waymarks for 
 Teachers; and Branson's Common School Spellers. 
 
 Brawley, William H., soldier, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was 
 born May 13, 1841, in Chester, S.C. He served in the confederate 
 army ; and was solicitor of the sixth judicial circuit. He served in 
 the state legislature of South Carolina. In 1891-93 he was a rep- 
 resentative from South Carolina to the fifty-second congress as a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 61 
 
 democrat ; was elected to the fifty-third congress ; and served until 
 1894, when he was appointed United States district judge for 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Brelsford, Homer P., state representative of Texas, was born 
 Sept. 1, 1869, in Onarga, 111. He received a thorough education; 
 and graduated from Notre Dame university of Indiana. He is a 
 successful lawyer of Eastland, Tex. ; and has served as special as- 
 sociate justice of court of appeals for the second district of Texas. 
 He served two terms as a representative in the Texas state legis- 
 lature ; has been a member of the state democratic executive com- 
 mittee of Texas ; and has filled various other positions of trust and 
 honor. Since 1902 he has been a representative of the Texas legis- 
 lature ; and resides in Eastland, Tex. 
 
 Brennan, James Francis, lawyer, jurist, was born March 31, 
 1853, in Peterborough, N.H. He was educated in the academy at 
 Peterborough, N.H. ; and graduated in 1884 with the degree of 
 LL.D. from the university of Maryland at Baltimore. He has at- 
 tained success in the practice of law at Peterborough, N.H. ; and 
 has had charge of many important lawsuits. He is one of the 
 three trustees of the New Hampshire state library ; and is a mem- 
 ber of the New Hampshire state board of charities and corrections. 
 He has held several offices ; and is president of several financial and 
 industrial corporations of Peterborough, N.H. 
 
 Brentano, Theodore, judge superior court of Illinois, was born 
 March 29, 1854, in Kalamazoo, Mich. He has been assistant city 
 attorney and assistant corporation counsel of Chicago, 111. Since 
 1890 he has been judge of the superior court of Cook county, and is 
 now serving the term of 1903-09 ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 Brents, Thomas Hurley, judge superior court of Washington, 
 was born Dec. 24, 1840, near Florence, 111. He received his edu- 
 cation at the common schools ; the Baptist college of Oregon City ; 
 and the McMinnville college, Oregon. He was appointed justice 
 of the peace, was the first postmaster of Canyon City; and the 
 first county clerk of Grant county. In 1866 he was elected a 
 member of the Oregon state legislature. In 1870 he moved to 
 Walla Walla, Wash., and was made prosecuting attorney of that 
 city. He was a member of the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, and 
 forty-eighth congresses as a representative from Washington; 
 and has served as judge of the superior court for Walla Walla 
 county. In 1904 he became judge of the superior court of the 
 state of Washington and resides in Walla Walla, Wash. 
 
 Brewer, R., planter, political economist, was born Aug. 3, 
 1848, in Noxubee county, Miss. He is a prosperous planter of 
 Mississippi, and resides on his plantation near Prairie Point. He 
 is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 
62 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 his state; and is a prominent member of the Mississippi people's 
 party. Since 1896 he has been a member of the Mississippi 
 people's party national committee; and is now serving his second 
 term as chairman of the Mississippi people's party state execu- 
 tive committee. 
 
 Brewer, William Henry, educator, author, was born Sept. 14, 
 1828, in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. He graduated from the Sheffield 
 scientific school; and studied in France and Germany. In 1858- 
 60 he was a professor of chemistry and geology in the college of 
 Washington, Pa. In 1860-64 he was first assistant of the geo- 
 logical survey of California; and the latter year was also a pro- 
 fessor of chemistry in the university of California. Since 1892 
 he has been president of the Connecticut board of health. He 
 has served on important government commissions, such as the 
 topographical survey of Connecticut, the cereal production in the 
 United States, United States forestry commission, scientific sur- 
 vey of the Philippine Islands, and various other commissions. He 
 is the author of Botany of California ; and other works. 
 
 Brice, John Jones, naval officer, was born Jan. 23, 1842, in 
 Newark, Ohio. He entered the navy as a volunteer officer in 
 1861 ; served during the civil war ; and was twice promoted. 
 After the civil war he was transferred to the regular navy; 
 served in many parts of the world ; and passed through all grades 
 to commodore in 1892. In 1894 he commanded the United States 
 steamship Adams in the Behring fleet patrol; and was retired 
 for disability in 1895. For two years he was fish commissioner; 
 and was commandant of Mare Island during the latter part of 
 the Spanish-American war. 
 
 Briggs, Frank 0., soldier, mayor, United States senator, was 
 born Aug. 12, 1851, in Concord, N.H. In 1872-77 he was second 
 lieutenant in the second regiment United States infantry. In 
 1899-1902 he was mayor of Trenton, N.J. In 1907 he was elected 
 United States senator for the term of 1907-13. 
 
 Brigham, William Tufts, lawyer, naturalist, author, was born 
 May 24, 1841, in Boston, Mass. In 1862 he graduated from Har- 
 vard college ; and in 1905 received the degree of A.M. and the 
 honorary degree of Sc.D. from Columbia university. In 1864-65 
 he was an explorer of botany in the Hawaiian Islands. In 1867 
 he was admitted to the practice of law. In 1868-69 he was an 
 instructor of botany in Harvard college. He inaugurated the 
 system of art instruction in the public schools and the Sargent 
 method of anthropometry now in general use in colleges and uni- 
 versities. Since 1888 he has had charge of the museum of Poly- 
 nesian ethnology and natural history in Honolulu, H.I. He is the 
 author of Volcanic Manifestations in New England; Guatemala, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTUEY 63 
 
 the Land of the Quetzal; Hawaiian Feather "Work; Index to the 
 Islands of the Pacific Ocean ; and other works. 
 
 Bright, John Morgan, lawyer, congressman, was born Jan. 20, 
 1817, in Fayetteville, Tenn. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of Fayetteville, Tenn.; he studied at Brigham 
 school of Hillsboro, N.C. ; in 1839 graduated from Nashville uni- 
 versity; in 1841 graduated in law from the Transylvania univer- 
 sity of Lexington, Ky. ; and has received the degree of LL.D. He 
 is a distinguished citizen of Lincoln county, Tenn. ; and as a 
 lawyer attained eminence as one of the most powerful in the state. 
 In 1841-48 he was a representative in the Tennessee state legis- 
 lature. In 1871-81 he was a representative from Tennessee to the 
 forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth and forty-sixth 
 congresses as a democrat. He still possesses all of his talents; 
 and is a resident of Fayetteville, Tenn. 
 
 Brinkerhoff, Roeliff, soldier, educator, banker, philanthropist, 
 author, was born June 28, 1828, in Auburn, N.Y. He was edu- 
 cated at Auburn academy; and subsequently taught school and 
 attended the academy of Homer. For three years he was a tutor 
 in the family of Andrew Jackson at the Hermitage in Tennessee. 
 In 1851 he commenced the practice of law in Ashland, Ohio ; and 
 since 1852 has resided in Mansfield, Ohio. In 1861 he entered the 
 civil war as first lieutenant in the sixty-fourth regiment Ohio 
 volunteer infantry; served five years; and attained the rank of 
 brigadier-general. For twenty-five years he has been a member 
 of the board of state charities ; in 1880 was made president of the 
 national conference of charities and corrections; in 1884-94 was 
 vice-president of the national prison congress; and was its presi- 
 dent until his voluntary retirement in 1897. In 1895 he was 
 president of the American delegation to the international prison 
 congress at Paris, France. For many years he has been president 
 of the Mansfield saving bank. He is the author of The Volunteer 
 Quartermaster; and Recollections of a Lifetime. 
 
 Britten, Mrs. Flora Phelps Harley, educator, lecturer, was 
 born Sept. 2, 1864, in Ann Arbor, Mich. She was educated at 
 the Manistee high school and at the university of Michigan ; and 
 in 1886 was married to the Rev. Fred E. Britten. She has 
 preached in Nebraska and Michigan; and taught in the public 
 schools and in the Central university of Iowa. In 1898-1901 she 
 was office manager of the state prohibition party of Michigan; 
 and since 1893 has been a worker in the Woman's christian tem- 
 perance union. Since 1904 she has been president of the Boston 
 Woman's christian temperance union. 
 
 Britten, Fred Ernest, clergyman, lecturer, founder, was born 
 April 4, 1860, in Livingston county, Mich. In 1884-86 he was 
 
64 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 pastor of the baptist church at Faribault, Minn. ; in 1889-93 was 
 a pastor and missionary in Nebraska ; and in 1893-98 was pastor 
 of the baptist church at Albion, Mich. In 1896-1904 he was a 
 member of the national prohibition committee from Michigan ; in 
 1898-1902 was chairman of the State prohibition committee of 
 Michigan; and in 1902 was prohibition candidate for mayor of 
 Detroit, Mich. Since 1905 he has been president of the Boston 
 development company. 
 
 Brizzolara, James, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 9, 1848, in 
 Richmond, Va. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the common schools ; and also studied under private teachers. He 
 subsequently was admitted to the bar; and has attained success 
 as an attorney-at-law of Fort Smith, Ark. He has been city at- 
 torney ; served as mayor ; and was adjutant-general of Arkansas. 
 He has been assistant United States district attorney; served as 
 United States commissioner; was special circuit judge; became 
 special prosecuting attorney; and served as postmaster. 
 
 Brock, Robert Alonzo, antiquarian, historian, genealogist, au- 
 thor, was born March 9, 1839, in Richmond, Va. He received an 
 academic education. In 1875-93 he was corresponding secretary 
 of the Virginia historical society; and edited eleven volumes of its 
 Collections. Since 1887 he has been secretary of the Southern 
 historical society; and is the editor of twenty volumes of its 
 papers. In 1879-83 he was associate-editor of the Richmond 
 Standard of Richmond, Va. He is a member of about seventy 
 learned societies in the United States, Canada and Europe. Since 
 1890 he has been registrar and historian since its inception, and 
 is now secretary of the Virginia society sons of the American 
 revolution. He possesses a library of twenty-five thousand vol- 
 umes ; more than twenty thousand folio pages of manuscript notes, 
 genealogical and historical, and recorded in alphabetical order; 
 and also numerous autographs, coins and other articles secured 
 as an antiquarian. He is the author of numerous Monographs 
 on historical subjects. 
 
 Brooks, Bryant Butler, farmer, legislator, governor, was born 
 Feb. 5, 1861, in Bernardston, Mass. He was educated in the 
 Powers institute of Bernardston; and in the publie and high 
 schools of Chicago, 111. Ever since 1882 he has been successfully 
 engaged as a grower of all kinds of live stock in Wyoming. In 
 1896 he was a delegate to the national republican convention at 
 St. Louis, Mo. He was a presidential elector in 1900; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. In 1904 he was 
 elected governor of the state of Wyoming for the terms of 1905- 
 11. He is president of the B. B. Brooks company; is president of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 65 
 
 the Broks-Hudson company; is president of the Coal creek coal 
 company ; and a director of the Casper national bank. 
 
 Brooks, Jabez, educator, college president, author, was born 
 Sept. 18, 1823, in England. He received a thorough education in 
 public and private schools. He came to the United States in 1840 ; 
 and became a student in the Rock river seminary at Mount Mor- 
 ris, 111. In 1850 he graduated from the Wesleyan university with 
 the degree of A.M.; and he received the degree of D.D. from 
 Lawrence university of Wisconsin. In 1850 he became principal 
 of the Watertown seminary ; in 1854-57 was principal of the Ham- 
 line university at Red Wing, Minn. ; and in 1861-69 he was pres- 
 ident of that institution. He is the author of Attic Greek, a book 
 for beginners; and has published several phamphlets, sermons 
 and commencement addresses; and many articles in state and 
 other papers. 
 
 Brooks, John Tinley, lawyer, banker, state senator, was born 
 Oct. 17, 1850, in Keokuk county, Iowa. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the public schools of his native state ; 
 and graduated from the Iowa Wesleyan University of Mount 
 Pleasant. He is a successful lawyer of Hedrick, Iowa; is presi- 
 dent of the First national bank of that city; and prominently 
 identified with the business and public affairs of his city, county 
 and state. He has been mayor of his home town for eleven terms ; 
 is now a honored member of the Iowa state senate ; and has filled 
 numerous other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Brooks, Ulysses Robert, clerk state supreme court of South 
 Carolina, was born Oct. 27, 1846, in Barnwell county, S. C. He 
 was educated in the public and private schools of Edgefield, S. C. ; 
 attended the Edgefield male academy; and is a lawyer by profes- 
 sion. During the civil war he served as a private in company B, 
 sixth South Carolina cavalry, Butler's brigade and division. 
 Hampton cavalry, confederate service. In 1883-94 he was clerk in 
 the office of the secretary of state of South Carolina ; and since 
 1894 has been clerk of the state supreme court of South Carolina ; 
 and resides in Columbuia, S.C. He is the author of The South 
 Carolina Bench and Bar; Butler and his Cavalry; and Secession 
 War Reminiscences. 
 
 Broome, Isaac, sculptor, artist, inventor, author, was born 
 May 16, 1835, in Canada. He was educated in the Philadelphia 
 schools until 1850; and then studied art at the Pennsylvania 
 academy of fine arts and also under private tutors. In 1855-56 
 he worked on the Crawford statues for pediment of the United 
 States capitol. In 1857 he executed a statue for W. W. Corcor- 
 an 's mausoleum at Georgetown, D.C. In 1885 he established a 
 studio in Rome, Italy; and executed many works in sculpture. 
 
66 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 He has manufactured art tiles extensively; and is now living in 
 the southern climate for health, devoting himself to ideal sculp- 
 ture. In 1860 he was elected an academician in the Pennsylvania 
 academy of fine arts. He received medals for ceramic arts at 
 the Centennial exposition in 1876; and at the Paris exposition in 
 1878. He has been director of many schools for teaching fine in- 
 dustrial arts and sciences; and has lectured extensively on those 
 subjects. He invented and perfected the rotary press, which is 
 now manufactured in Trenton, N.J. He is the author of The 
 Brother; Last Days of the Ruskin Co-operative Association; and 
 has been an extensive contributor to current literature. 
 
 Broun, Thomas Lee, soldier, lawyer, was born Dec. 26, 1823, in 
 Loudoun county, Va. In 1848 he graduated from the university 
 of Virginia. For two years he taught school; and in 1852 was 
 admitted to the Kanawha bar. In 1858 he was elected president 
 of the Coal river navigation company; and was re-elected to that 
 position directly after the close of the civil war. In 1861 he en- 
 tered the confederate service as a private in the Kanawha rifle- 
 men, which became the nucleus for the twenty-second regiment 
 Virginia infantry. He was promoted to major in the third regi- 
 ment of the Wise legion, which was subsequently known as the 
 sixtieth regiment Virginia infantry. For two years he was com- 
 mander of the post and major quartermaster at Dublin Depot, 
 Va. ; was severely wounded at the battle of Cloyd's mountain; 
 and served until the surrender at Appomattox in 1865. In 1866- 
 70 he practiced law in New York City; and since 1870 has prac- 
 ticed his profession in Charleston, W.Va. For half a century he 
 has made a specialty of West Virginia law and land titles; and 
 has also devoted much time to the development of the Coal river 
 region, where he owns large tracts of lands. In 1880, 1883 and 
 1886 he was a delegate from the diocese of West Virginia to the 
 triennial protestant episcopal conventions held in New York City, 
 Philadelphia and Chicago; and has filled various other positions 
 of trust and honor. He is a brother of the late Dr. William Le- 
 roy Broun. 
 
 Brown, Alanson David, manufacturer, financier, was born 
 March 21, 1847, in Granville, N.Y. He is president of the Hamil- 
 ton and Brown shoe company of St. Louis, manufacturers of 
 shoes. He is founder and president of the Missouri baptist san- 
 itarium. 
 
 Brown, Arthur Judson, clergyman, author, was born Dec. 3, 
 1856, in Holliston, Mass. In 1880 he graduated with the degree 
 of A.B. from Wabash college of Indiana; and in 1884 with the 
 degree of A.M. from that institution. In 1883 he graduated from 
 Lane theological seminary; and in 1891 received the degree of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 67 
 
 D.D. from Lake Forest university. In 1883-88 he filled pastor- 
 ates in the presbyterian church in Wisconsin and Illinois; and in 
 1888-95 in Portland, Ore. Since 1895 he has been secretary of 
 the presbyterian board of foreign missions for New York ; and in 
 1901-02 traveled around the world. He is the author of The New 
 Era in the Philippines; New Forces in Old China; The Foreign 
 Missionary; The Why and How of Foreign Missions; and The 
 Nearer and Farther East. 
 
 Brown, Calvin Scott, educator, clergyman, missionary, col- 
 lege president, was born on March 23, 1859, in Salisbury, N.C. In 
 1886 he was graduated from Shaw university. He has been sec- 
 retary and president of the Baptist state convention; and presi- 
 dent of the Baptist state ministers T association. He has been 
 pastor and is now president of Waters normal institute and 
 general missionary secretary of the baptist state convention ; and 
 also president of the Scott-Carey foreign mission convention. He 
 is connected with various societies as secretary, superintendent 
 and grand chaplain ; and is also the editor of the Baptist Sentinel. 
 
 Brown, Charles Carroll, educator, civil engineer, author, was 
 born Oct. 4, 1856, in Austinburg, Ohio. He studied engineering 
 at Cornell university ; and at the university of Michigan. In 
 1883-86 he was professor of civil engineering at the rose poly- 
 technic institute; and in 1886-93 filled the same chair in union 
 college. In 1894-95 he was city engineer of Indianapolis, Ind. ; 
 and is now consulting civil engineer of that city. Since 1900 he 
 has been editor of Municipal Engineering. He is the author of 
 Reports on Croton Watershed of the City of New York ; Directory 
 of American Cement Industries ; and Handbook for Cement Users. 
 
 Brown, Demarchus C, state librarian of Indiana, was born in 
 1857 in Indianapolis, Ind. He was educated at Butler college and 
 the university of Zubingen ; attended the American school at 
 Athens, Greece ; and studied in the museums of Berlin, London 
 and Paris. He is a noted scholar. Until 1906 he was engaged in 
 educational work ; and has held various important college pro- 
 fessorships. Since 1893 he has been a member of the Indiana 
 state board of charities; and is now serving his fifth term of 
 1909-12. He is also state librarian of Indiana; is now serving his 
 third term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Brown, George Warren, merchant, manufacturer, was born 
 March 21, 1853, in Granville, N.Y. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native town ; and in 1872 graduated from the 
 Bryant and Stratton commercial college of Troy, N.Y. In 1873 
 he engaged as a shipping clerk in a shoe house of St. Louis, Mo. ; 
 became travelling salesman within a year; and in less than five 
 years became a leading man with his firm. In 1878 he established 
 
68 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the first successful shoe factory in St. Louis; organized what is 
 now the Brown shoe company, of which he is founder and pres- 
 ident. This institution has become one of the greatest commer- 
 cial organizations in America. He has been an important factor 
 in helping to build up many St. Louis enterprises for the ad- 
 vancement of the city of his adoption. He is prominent in relig- 
 ious and philanthropic affairs; and prominently identified with 
 the business, public and social welfare of his city and state ; and 
 resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Brown, Henry B., educator, college president, founder, was 
 born Oct. 6, 1847, in Mt. Vernon, Ohio. In 1871 he graduated 
 from the national normal university of Lebanon, Ohio. In 1886 
 he was professor of mathematics in the northwestern normal 
 school of Republic, Ohio. In 1873 he founded and became presi- 
 dent of the northern Indiana normal school at Valparaiso, Ind. 
 In 1901 the name of this institution was changed to the Valpa- 
 raiso college ; and in 1904 to the Valparaiso university. This in- 
 stitution has become wellknown throughout the United States; 
 and has been a blessing to thousands who have taken advantage 
 of the opportunity of securing higher education at a nominal cost. 
 
 Brown, Orville Harry, physician, pharmacologist, scientist, 
 was born July 18, 1875, in Sabetha, Kan. He graduated with the 
 degree of A.B. from the university of Kansas; studied medicine 
 and science at the university of Chicago and at the university of 
 St. Louis ; and has received the degrees of M.D. and Ph.D. He is 
 physician-in-chief of the Missouri state sanitarium for incipent 
 tuberculosis; and was associate medicinal director of the Mount 
 Rose hospital for consumptives. He has traveled abroad; and 
 taken post-graduate studies and made medicinal researches. He 
 is the author of Monographs on physiological, pharmacological 
 and medicinal subjects. 
 
 Browning, Eliza Gordon, librarian, author, was born Sept. 23, 
 1856, in Fortville, Ind. In 1880 she entered the public library of 
 Indianapolis; in 1883 became the librarian's first assistant; and 
 in 1892 became librarian. In 1893 she was elected president of 
 the Indiana association of librarians. She is state historian of 
 the Daughters of the American Revolution. She is part author 
 of Lineage Book of the National Society Daughters of the Amer- 
 ican Revolution in Indiana. 
 
 Bruce, Matthew Linn, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 1, 1860, 
 in Mercersburg, Pa. He received the rudiments of his education 
 in the public schools; and in 1880 graduated from the collegiate 
 institute of Andes, N.Y. In 1884 he received the degree of A.B. 
 and in 1887 received the degree of A.M. from Rutgers college. 
 In 1889 he began the practice of law in New York City ; and soon 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 69 
 
 attained prominence in his profession. In 1904-06 he was the 
 lieutenant-governor of New York. In 1906-07 he was justice of 
 the supreme court of New York. He is president of the repub- 
 lican club of New York City ; and a member of various legal, 
 political and patriotic clubs and societies. 
 
 Bruce, William Herschel, educator, mathematician, college 
 president, scientist, was born April 8, 1856, in Troup county, Ga. 
 He was educated at the Alabama polytechnic institute ; and at 
 Mercer university. In 1884-93 he was superintendent of schools 
 of Blanco, Texas ; in 1893-96 was superintendent of schools at 
 Marble Falls, Texas, and in 1896-99 was superintendent of schools 
 at Athens, Texas. In 1899-1900 he was president of the John 
 Tarleton college of Stephenville, Texas; in 1901-06 was professor 
 of mathematics at the North Texas state normal college; and 
 since 1906 has been president of that institution of learning. In 
 1896, 1898 and 1900 he was a teacher of mathematics at the uni- 
 versity of Texas. In 1905 he was president of the Texas state 
 teachers ' association ; and since 1904 has been chairman of the 
 state board of examiners of Texas. He is a fellow of the Texas 
 academy of science ; and has made valuable researches in mathe- 
 matics and general geometry. 
 
 Brumback, Orville S., president Toledo public library, was 
 born Dec. 2, 1855, in Delaware county, Ohio. In 1877 he grad- 
 uated from Princeton university with the degree of A.B. ; sub- 
 sequently was honored by that institution with the degree of 
 A.M. ; and in 1897 graduated from the law department of the 
 university of Michigan with the degree of LL.B. He is a promi- 
 nent lawyer of Toledo, Ohio ; and has been president of and a 
 director in numerous corporations. In 1885 he was a representa- 
 tive in the Ohio state legislature ; and has since devoted himself 
 to his profession ; and resides at Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 Brumbaugh, Martin Grove, educator, college president, scholar, 
 founder, author, was born April 14, 1862, in Huntingdon county, 
 Pa. He is professor of pedagogy in the university of Pennsyl- 
 vania; and president of Juniata college. In 1884-90 he was 
 county superintendent of public schools; and for five years was 
 state conductor of teachers' institutes in Louisiana. In 1900-02 
 he was the first commissioner of education at Porto Rico ; estab- 
 lished the public school system ; founded the normal schools and 
 free public library; and was a member of the superior board of 
 health of Porto Rico. Since 1902 he has filled the chair of ped- 
 agogy in the university of Pennsylvania. He is the author of 
 Standard Readers, in five volumes ; The Standard Primer ; Stories 
 of Pennsylvania; History of the Brethren; Juniata Bible Lee- 
 
70 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tures; and was editor of Lippincott's Educational Series; and 
 other works. 
 
 Brundage, Albert Harrison, physician, lecturer, toxicologist, 
 founder, author, was born March 3, 1862, in Candor, N.Y. He 
 was the founder and president of the Brooklyn medical society; 
 and has been president of the Brooklyn college of pharmacy. He 
 is the author of A Manual of Toxicology ; Practical Points in Phy- 
 siology; Principal Facts Relating to Poisons; and other medical 
 works. 
 
 Brush, Charles Francis, electrical engineer, inventor, scientist, 
 was born March 17, 1849, in Euclid, Ohio. In 1869 he graduated 
 with the degree of M.E. from the university of Michigan; and 
 subsequently he received the degree of M.S. from that institu- 
 tion of learning. He has also received the degrees of Ph.D. and 
 LL.D. from the Western reserve university; and the degree of 
 LL.D. from Kenyon college. He was the inventor of com- 
 mercial electric-arc-lighting. For this he was awarded the great 
 Rumford medal by the academy of arts and science ; and decorated 
 by the French government. He is the founder of the Brush elec- 
 tric company; is president and director of many large corpor- 
 ations; and is president of the Euclid Avenue national bank of 
 Cleveland, Ohio. He is a fellow of the American association for 
 the advancement of science ; a life member of the British associa- 
 tion ; and a member of many engineering and scientific societies. 
 
 Bryan, William Jennings, lawyer, journalist, congressman, 
 candidate for the presidency of the United States, was born March 
 19, 1860, in Salem City, 111. His boyhood was passed on a 
 farm near that place, and he attended the public schools for 
 five years; he then took a course at Whipple academy; and he 
 completed his education by a four years' course at Illinois col- 
 lege. As a student in the law office of Lyman Trumbull of 
 Chicago, he attended the Union college of law in Chicago till 
 1883, when he removed to Jacksonville, 111. ; and practiced law 
 there for four years. In 1887 located in Lincoln, Neb., and 
 opened a law office. In 1891-95 he was a representative to the 
 fifty-second and fifty-third congresses and his first speech gave 
 him a national reputation; his speech on the repeal of the Sher- 
 man act is considered a masterpiece on bimetallism. He was 
 placed in nomination in 1896 for the presidency by the demo- 
 cratic, free silver and populustic parties, and led a brilliant cam- 
 paign; and in 1900 and 1908 he was again defeated. He is 
 proprietor and editor of the Commoner. He is the author of 
 The First Battle, A Story of the Campaign of 1896 ; Old World 
 and Its Ways; and other works. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 71 
 
 Bryant, Percy, physician, surgeon, alienist, neurologist, was 
 born on April 19, 1862, in Charles City, Iowa. He was educated 
 in the high school at Cedar Falls, Iowa; in 1887 graduated with 
 the degree of M.D. from Columbia college of New York City, 
 having received his first degree in medicine from the Chicago 
 homoepathic medical college in 1883. For two years he was 
 interne to Cook county hospital; and in 1889-89 was assistant 
 physician at Ward's Island insane asylum of New York City. 
 In 1889-94 he was assistant physician at the Buffalo state hos- 
 pital; and in 1897-1901 he was medical superintendent of the 
 Manhattan state hospital, when he resigned. In 1906 he pur- 
 chased the Bowdoin estate at Rahway, N.J. In 1893-98 he was 
 assistant surgeon of the seventy-fourth regiment New York na- 
 tional guard. He has attained eminence as a noted alienist and 
 neurologist, now retired from active practice ; and is a member of 
 the leading medical associations and scientific societies. 
 
 Bryant, Wilbur Franklin, lawyer, lecturer, author, was born 
 March 21, 1851, in Dalton, N.H. In 1873 he graduated from 
 Kimball union academy of Meriden; and subsequently attended 
 Dartmouth college. He then entered educational work in Mis- 
 sisissippi. In 1876 he moved to Nebraska ; and a year later was 
 admitted to the bar. He has practiced his profession in Neb- 
 raska and at St. Helena, where he was postmaster for three years ; 
 and at West Point and Hartington. 
 
 Buchanan, Charles Jay, soldier, lawyer, trustee, was born Dec. 
 27, 1843, in New Berlin, N.Y. He was educated in the public 
 schools; and attended the United States military academy. Dur- 
 ing the civil war he served in the first regiment United States 
 sharpshooters as a private, non-commissioned officer and first 
 lieutenant; and as adjutant of the regiment. Since 1874 he has 
 practiced law in Albany, N.Y. He is a director of the Union 
 trust company ; and a trustee and secretary of the National savings 
 bank of Albany, N.Y. He is secretary and a trustee of the Al- 
 bany law school; and a trustee of the Albany academy for girls. 
 He is a member of the Military order of the loyal legion and 
 various other societies and clubs. 
 
 Buchanan, James Isaac, business president, banker, was born 
 Aug. 3, 1853, in Hamilton, Canada. He received a collegiate edu- 
 cation. He is trustee of the estate of Capt. J. J. Vandergrift 
 founder of the town of Vandergrift, Pa. He is president of the 
 Pittsburg trust company; president of the Pittsburg terminal 
 warehouse and transfer company ; secreeary and treasurer of the 
 Keystone commercial company ; director of the Keystone na- 
 tional bank of Pittsburg ; and director of the natural gas company 
 of West Virginia. He is a fellow of the American association 
 
72 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 for the advancement of science; is a member of the Pittsburg 
 academy of science and art; and of various other institutions. 
 
 Buchanan, Walter Solomon, educator, college president, was 
 born Feb. 8, 1882, in Troy, Ala. In 1899 he graduated from 
 the Tuskegee institute; later graduated from the Sloyd training 
 school of Boston, Mass.; and subsequently graduated from Har- 
 vard university with honors. In 1899-1901 he was conference 
 agent of the Schofield industrial school at Aiken, S.C. ; in 1907 
 became southern agent for the Tuskegee institute; and during 
 the same year was elected president of the Corona industrial 
 institute of Alabama. In 1909 he became president of the State 
 agricultural and mechanical college of Normal, Ala. 
 
 Buchtel, Henry Augustus, governor of Colorado, born near 
 Akron, 0., Sept. 30, 1847 ; educated in private schools and Asbury 
 university (now De Pauw) ; pastor of methodist churches at Zions- 
 ville, Greencastle, Knightstown, Richmond and Lafayette, Ind., 
 and Denver, Col. ; chancellor university of Denver, 1900 ; elected 
 governor of Colorado in 1906. 
 
 Buck, Charles Francis, lawyer, orator, congressman, was born 
 Nov. 5, 1841, in Germany. He received his education at the 
 public schools ; and at the Louisiana state university of Alexandria. 
 For two terms he served as city attorney of New Orleans in 
 1880-84; has been a member of the school board, and has held 
 various other public positions of honor in that city. In 1895-97 
 he served as representative from Louisiana to the forty-fourth 
 congress. He is an able lawyer and a brilliant orator; and his 
 oration on the Life and Death of James A. Garfield received pub- 
 lication in all the leading newspapers of America, and was highly 
 eulogized. His law firm of Buck, Walshe and Buck, of New 
 Orleans, attorneys for many of the largest corporations in the 
 south. 
 
 Buck, Charles William, lawyer, jurist, diplomat, author, was 
 born March 17, 1849, in Vicksburg, Miss. In 1870 he graduated 
 from Georgetown college ; and in 1871 from Kentucky university. 
 In 1871-74 he practiced law in Mississippi ; in 1874-79 in Louisville, 
 Ky. ; and in 1879-85 in Woodford county, Ky. ; in 1880-84 he was 
 on bench in Woodford county, Ky. ; and 1885-89 he was United 
 States minister to Peru. He is now principally engaged in liter- 
 ary work; and has interests in various business concerns in 
 Louisville, Ky. He is the author of Under the Sun, or The Pass- 
 ing of the Incas. 
 
 Buckingham, John Duncan, educator, musician, was born May 
 17, 1855, in Huntington, Pa. He received his education as an 
 organist in Boston, London and Paris. He has taught music in 
 the New England conservatory of music ; in 1897-1906 was organ- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 73 
 
 ist in Saint Michael's church of Providence, R.I. ; and since 1906 
 has been organist in Saint Mark's church of Brookline, Mass. 
 He was a founder and is a member of the American guild of 
 organists; and has composed numerous pieces for the organ. 
 
 Buckley, Edward, soldier, lumberman, railroad president, was 
 born Aug. 8, 1842, in England. He received a good education. 
 Enlisting in the twenty-fourth Wisconsin infantry, he served 
 gallantly until the end of the civil war. About 1875 he became 
 identified with lumbering interests; and in 1892 incorporated the 
 Buckley and Douglas lumber company, of which he was presi- 
 dent and treasurer, with head quarters at Manistee, Mich. Since 
 1886 he has been president of the Manistee and northeastern rail- 
 road ; and is identified with the public and business affairs of his 
 city and state. 
 
 Burbank, Luther, naturalist, originator, scientist, was born 
 March 7, 1849, in Lancaster, Mass. He was always devoted to 
 the study of nature, especially plant life; and conducts Burbank 's 
 experiment farms at Santa Rosa, Cal. He was the originator of 
 the Burbank potato ; Gold and Wickson apple ; the October Purple, 
 Chalco, American and Climax plums; the Giant, Splendor and 
 Sugar prunes; the Peachblow Burbank and Santa Rosa roses; 
 Giant and Frangrance callas; and various new apples, peaches, 
 nuts, berries and other valuable trees, besides fruits, flowers and 
 vegetables. 
 
 Burgess, H. C. M., chairman Nebraska republican state com- 
 mittee, was born Aug. 20, 1858, in New York. He was educated 
 at the M. E. college of Fort Wayne, Ind. In 1902-04 he was a 
 representative in the Nebraska state legislature; and was chair- 
 man of the committee on telegraph, telephone and electric com- 
 panies. He has been president of the Mirage gold mining and 
 tunnel company; treasurer of the American order company; and 
 is now president of the American order of protection. In 1904 
 he became chairman of the Nebraska state republican central 
 committee; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Burgner, Jacob, soldier, educator, genealogist, author, was 
 born Nov. 5, 1833, in Seneca county, Ohio, of Swiss descent. He 
 graduated from Otterbein university of Westerville, Ohio. He 
 taught school for thirty-four terms; became a verbatim reporter 
 for the press ; and was the first court reporter of Sandusky county ; 
 and served at intervals for about twenty years. He was a sol- 
 dier in the civil war in the one-hundred and sixty-ninth regi- 
 ment Ohio volunteer infantry ; and has since been adjutant of 
 Manville Moore post, grand army of the republic at Fremont, 
 Ohio. He held the office of civil-magistrate several terms. He 
 
74 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 is the author of History and Genealogy of the Burgner Family 
 in America ; and other works. 
 
 Burke, Maurice Francis, clergyman, bishop, was born May 5, 
 1845, in Ireland. He was educated at old St. Mary's of the Lake 
 in Chicago, 111. ; at Notre Dame of Indiana ; and studied for nine 
 years at the American college in Rome, Italy, where he was 
 ordained a priest in 1875. For three years he was assistant 
 pastor of St. Mary's in Chicago, 111., and for nine years was pastor 
 of St. Mary's in Joliet, 111. In 1887-93 he was the Roman catholic 
 bishop of Cheyenne, Wyo. ; and since 1893 has been bishop of St. 
 Joseph, Mo. He is also noted as an eminent linguist. 
 
 Burkett, Charles William, educator, lecturer, author, was born 
 Jan. 3, 1873, in Thornville, Ohio. In 1895 he graduated with 
 the degree of B.Sc. from the university of Ohio; and subsequently 
 received the degrees of M.Sc. and Ph.D. In 1895-98 he was as- 
 sistant in agriculture at the Ohio state university; in 1898-1901 
 was professor of agriculture and agriculturist at the experiment 
 station of New Hampshire college ; and in 1901-06 filled the same 
 chair at the experiment station of North Carolina agricultural 
 college. Since 1906 he has been director of the Kansas experi- 
 ment station. Since 1898 he has been editor of Agricultural 
 Education ; and since 1904 has been agricultural editor of the 
 Progressive Farmer. He was editor of Country Life education 
 series of works. He is the author of A History of Ohio Agricul- 
 ture; Agriculture for Beginners; Cotton; and Our Domestic 
 Animals. 
 
 Burleigh, Clarence Blendon, journalist, author, was born on 
 Nov. 1. 1864, in Linneus, Maine. In 1883 he graduated from 
 New Hampton literary institution in the state of New Hamp- 
 shire ; and in 1887 graduated from Bowdoin college. He has 
 been chairman of the republican city committee; was president 
 of the Maine press association; was state printer; was president 
 of the Augusta board of trade; and president of the Augusta 
 city hospital. Since 1887 he has been editor of the Kennebec 
 Journal of Augusta, Maine. He is the author of The Raymond 
 Burson Series; and Maine Wood Series, boy's books. 
 
 Burnham, William Power, soldier, author, was born Jan. 10, 
 1860, in Scranton, Pa. He graduated from the United States 
 infantry and cavalry school, where he was afterward an in- 
 structor in the department of military art. During the Spanish- 
 American war he served as lieutenant-colonel of the fourth Mis- 
 souri volunteers; served in 1899-1902 in Cuba and in the Philip- 
 pine Islands. He is now captain of the twentieth United States 
 infantry. He is the author of Three Roads to a Commission in 
 the United States Army; Duties of Outposts; Advance Guards; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 75 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Twentieth Infantry; and other works. 
 
 Burrage, Albert Cameron, lawyer, business president, was born 
 Nov. 21, 1859, in Ashburnham, Mass. In 1862 his parents set- 
 tled in California; and in 1883 he graduated from the Harvard 
 university. In 1882-84 he studied law in Harvard law school; 
 and in 1884 began the practice of law in Boston, Mass. In 1892 
 he was a member of the common council of Boston, Mass. ; and in 
 1894 was appointed a member of the Boston transit commission 
 which built the Boston subway. Subsequently he became in- 
 terested in various industrial enterprises such as gas and copper; 
 president of all the allied gas companies of Boston except the 
 Brookline ; and in 1898 took an active part in the reorganization 
 of the world's copper business. 
 
 Burrows, Joseph H., farmer, clergyman, congressman, was 
 born May 15, 1840, in Manchester, England. He was educated in 
 the high schools of Keokuk, Iowa; and he studied two years in 
 Quincy, 111. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Keokuk 
 and Centerville, Iowa; and for thirty years was connected with 
 the Modern West Fork association of Cainsville, Mo. In 1867 
 he was ordained to the baptist ministry; and for over thirty 
 years has been pastor in Cainsville, Mo. In 1883 he was one of 
 the organizers of Cainsville bank, of which he was vice-president. 
 He has attained note as a public speaker and temperance lec- 
 turer. In 1870-74 and in 1878-80 he was a representative to the 
 Missouri state legislature. In 1881-83 he was a representative 
 from Missouri to the forty-seventh congress. 
 
 Burrows, Julius Caesar, soldier, lawyer, congressman, United 
 States senator, was born Jan. 9, 1837, in North East, Pa. In 1862- 
 64 he was an officer in the union army ; and in 1865-67 was prose- 
 cuting attorney of Kalamazoo, Mich. He received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Kalamazoo college. In 1873-75, 1879-83 and 1885- 
 95 he was a representative from Michigan to the forty-third, 
 forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty- 
 second and fifty-third congresses as a republican. He was a 
 United States senator in 1895-99, to fill a vacancy; and was re- 
 elected for the terms of 1899-1905 and 1905-11. 
 
 Burton, George Dexter, electrical engineer, inventor, was born 
 Oct. 26, 1855, in Temple, N.H. He was educated at Appleton 
 academy of New Ipswich, N.H. ; and at Comer's commercial col- 
 lege of Boston, Mass. He was the inventor of the Burton stock 
 car; and was treasurer of the Burton stock car company. He 
 is president of the Burton electrical smelting company; and the 
 treasurer of the American electrical process company of Boston, 
 Mass. He has lectured upon the subject of Heating and Work- 
 ing Metals by Electricity before the Harvard lecture club. 
 
76 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Burwell, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer, jurist, was born April 
 15, 1866, in Armstrong county, Pa. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools; and at the state normal school at 
 Glenville, W.Va. He studied law in West Virginia and Kansas ; 
 and practiced in Kansas at Gypsum City, where he was city 
 clerk. In 1891 he located in Oklahoma City, and in 1898-1907 
 was an associate justice of the supreme court for the territory 
 of Oklahoma. He is now actively engaged in the practice of 
 law in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 
 
 Butler, Ellis Parker, literateur, author, was born Dec. 5, 1869, 
 in Muscatine, Iowa. He received a thorough education in the 
 public and private schools of his native state. For many years 
 he has been identified with the public and social affairs of Flush- 
 ing, N.Y. ; he has contributed to various newspapers and maga- 
 zines; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. He is 
 the author of The Incubator Baby; Perkins of Portland; Great 
 American Pie Company; Confessions of a Daddy; French Deco- 
 rative Styles; Pigs is Pigs; and also various humorous articles 
 to magazines and the periodical press. 
 
 Butler, James Joseph, lawyer, congressman, was born Aug. 29, 
 1862, in St. Louis, Mo. In 1881 he graduated from the St. Louis 
 university, with the degree of B.S. ; and in 1884 graduated from 
 the Washington university law school. In 1886-94 was city at- 
 torney of St. Louis, Mo. ; and was a member of the board of edu- 
 cation for over two years. He served in 1902-05 as a member of 
 the fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses from Missouri as a 
 democrat, declining the nomination for a third term. He still 
 practices his profession in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Butler, Joseph, farmer, educator, lawyer, public official, was 
 born July 24, 1846, at Lake Gage, Steuben county, Ind., on the 
 farm purchased by his father from the government in 1836 ; and 
 of which he is now the owner. He attended Orland seminary; 
 and he graduated from the law school of Bloomington, 111. For 
 many years he was a school teacher. In 1875-79 he was clerk 
 of Steuben circuit court; and is a successful lawyer of Orland, 
 Ind. In 1891-95 he was state prosecuting attorney for Steuben 
 and DeKalb counties. 
 
 Butler, Julius Wales, merchant, manufacturer, was born May 
 7, 1828, in Essex, Vt. He was educated in the public schools of 
 New England; and graduated from the Hinesburg academy of 
 Chittenden county, Vt. He is president of the J. W. Butler 
 paper company of Chicago, 111., wholesale dealers in paper. For 
 many years he has been identified with the business and public 
 affairs of Chicago, 111.; is a director in various paper mills and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 77 
 
 other corporations; and has filled several positions of trust and 
 honor. His country residence is in Hinsdale, 111. 
 
 Butler, William N., judge circuit court of Illinois, was born 
 Aug. 16, 1856, in Berlin, Wis. He is educated at the University 
 of Illinois; attended the Union college of law at Chicago, 111., 
 and the Albany law school of New York. He soon attained suc- 
 cess at the bar; has been states attorney and corporation counsel 
 for the city of Cairo, 111. He is judge of the first judicial cir- 
 cuit of Illonis for the counties of Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, 
 Pope, Johnson, Union, Jackson, Williamson and Saline ; and re- 
 sides in Cairo, 111. 
 
 Butts, Edward, civil engineer, author, was born Aug. 16, 1853, 
 in Rensselaer county, N.Y. His father, Anson Butts, was a noted 
 civil engineer ; and Edward learned surveying in his boyhood. For 
 two terms he was assistant engineer, and for two terms was the 
 city engineer of Kansas City, Mo. For eight years he was chief 
 engineer of the Metropolitan street railway company; for the 
 past thirty-five years he has been engaged in surveying and rail- 
 way engineering; and has filled various positions of trust and 
 honor. He is the author of Civil Engineers' Field Book; and has 
 contributed valuable articles on engineering subjects to current 
 publications. 
 
 Buxton, W. Albert, educator, clergyman, college president, 
 author, poet, was born June 16, 1861, in Londonderry, Vt. He 
 was educated at West River academy, Londonderry academy, 
 Leland and Gray seminary, Colby university, Brown university, 
 Harvard university, and at Bonn and Heidelberg universities of 
 Germany. He has been a teacher of church history in the Drake 
 university of IoM r a. He was president of the Northwestern chris- 
 tian college of Minnesota ; president and chancellor of the Texas 
 christian university; and president of the Nebraska christian 
 ministerial association. He is now chancellor of Add-Ran univer- 
 sity of Waco, Texas; and president of the Nebraska ministerial 
 association. He is the author of Just for Those That Love Me, a 
 volume of poems. 
 
 Byrne, Austin Thomas, civil engineer, author, was born on 
 Sept. 8, 1859, in Belfast, Maine. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation in the public and private schools of New England; and 
 studied civil engineering in the technical schools. Since 1876 he 
 has been engaged as a civil engineer; has been connected with 
 numerous important civil engineering works in various parts of 
 the United States; and resides in Baldwin, N.Y. He is the au- 
 thor of Highway Construction ; Inspection of Materials and Work- 
 manship. 
 
78 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Byrum, Enoch Edwin, clergyman, journalist, author, poet, was 
 born Oct. 13, 1861, in Randolph county, Ind. He is editor of the 
 Gospel Trumpet and Shining Light. He is the author of The 
 Secret of Salvation; Divine Healing; Boy's Companion; and other 
 works. 
 
 Cable, George Washington, soldier, author, was born Oct. 12, 
 1844, in New Orleans, La. He is a writer of fiction who has re- 
 produced with much success the life and dialect among the 
 Creoles of Louisiana. He served in the confederate army dur- 
 ing the civil war; and is now a resident of Northampton, Mass. 
 He is the author of Old Creole Days ; also The Grandissimes ; Mad- 
 ame Delphine ; and Dr. Seviere ; John March, Southerner ; Bona- 
 venture ; Strange True Stories of Louisiana ; The Creoles of Louis- 
 iana; The Silent South; The Busy Man's Bible; The Negro Ques- 
 tion ; Strong Hearts ; The Cavalier ; and other works. 
 
 Cady, A. E., statesman, was born Dec. 7, 1853, in Watertown, 
 "Wis. He is a wholesale grocer and successful banker ; and in 1896 
 was the republican candidate for congress. In 1889 he was a 
 member of the Nebraska house of representatives; and in 1892 
 was chairman of the republican state committee. In 1905 he be- 
 came a member of the Nebraska state senate ; and resides in St. 
 Paul, Neb. 
 
 Cahill, Edward J., lawyer, statesman, was born Dec. 16, 1870, 
 in Covington, Ky. He received the rudiments of his education 
 in the public schools of Carson City, Nevada; and then under 
 private tuition. He began his career as a brakeman on a local 
 railroad ; and attained the position of railroad agent. He then 
 read law; and since 1899 has been engaged in the practice of 
 that profession. He is one of the prominent speakers in his state ; 
 and a possible candidate for congress in 1908. He is now district 
 attorney for Storey county, Nevada. 
 
 Cain, William, mathematician, author, was born May 14, 1847, 
 in Hillsboro, N.C. He was a civil engineer for about eight years ; 
 professor of mathematics and engineering Carolina military in- 
 stitute ; and now professor of mathematics in the university of 
 North Carolina. He is the author of The Theory of Voussoir. 
 Arches; Solid and Braced Arches; Maximum Stress in Framed 
 Bridges; Symbolic Algebra; Practical Designing of Retaining 
 Walls; Theory of Steel-Concrete Arches and of Vaulted Struc- 
 tures; and A Brief Course in the Calculus. 
 
 Camp, David Nelson, educator, banker, was born Oct. 3, 1820, 
 in Durham, Conn. He received his education in the Durham and 
 the Meriden academies, and at Hartford Grammar schools. He 
 has served as state superintendent of schools; was professor in 
 St. John's college; and he attained prominence as one of the fore- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 79 
 
 most educators of the New England states. He has filled nu- 
 merous positions of honor in his city, county and state ; has been 
 mayor of New Britain ; is auditor of the national council and of 
 the Missionary society of Connecticut since 1882. For many 
 years he has retired from active work, but holds the position of 
 vice-president of the National bank of New Britain, Conn. He 
 is also director and president of the Adkins printing company and 
 Skinner check company; and other corporations. 
 
 Campbell, Archibald, soldier, was born July 16, 1865, in Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. He was educated at Stevens institute of technology 
 at the United States military academy and at the United States 
 artillery school. He served in the Spanish-American war in Cuba 
 and Porto Rico ; served in China during the boxer uprising ; and 
 served in the Philippines during the Philippine insurrection. 
 Since 1901 he has been captain and a major in the artillery corps 
 of the United States army; and is now stationed at Fort Totten. 
 
 N.Y. 
 
 Campbell, John D., physician, statesman, was born July 9 ? 
 1853, in Hartland, Livingston county, Mich. He received a thor- 
 ough education ; and graduated from the university of Michigan. 
 He has always been an active practitioner of medicine ; he has a 
 successful practice in Pioche, Nev. ; he is a member of the lead- 
 ing medical and scientific associations; and has held many im- 
 portant positions of trust and honor. He served one term as 
 grand master of the odd fellows for his jurisdiction; and for 
 many years has been a member of the republican state central 
 committee and also of the county central committee. In 1905-09 
 he was a member of the state senate of Nevada. 
 
 Campbell, John Peter Grant, educator, journalist, publisher, 
 was born Dec. 19, 1844, near Raleigh, Miss. He received a thor- 
 ough education; and for many years was a school teacher. He 
 served four years in the confederate army; and participated in 
 numerous battles and skirmishes. He has been a member of the 
 board of supervisors ; was school book commissioner ; served as a 
 justice of the peace ; and was mayor of Mize, Miss. He is now 
 town clerk and superintendent of the Mize separate public school 
 district of the state of Mississippi. He is also editor and pro- 
 prietor of the Mize Outlook ; and prominently identified with the 
 religious, fraternal, business and public affairs of his commu- 
 nity. His grandfather, John Campbell, was born and educated in 
 Glasgow, Scotland; in 1790 settled in North Carolina; and in 
 1820 moved to Mississippi. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas Joseph, educator, college president, was born 
 April 29, 1848, in New York City. In 1885 he was appointed 
 rector of St. John's college; and in 1886 was chosen the thir- 
 teenth president of St. John's college of Fordham, N.Y. 
 
80 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Candler, Warren Akin, educator, clergyman, college presi- 
 dent, bishop, author, was born Aug. 23, 1857, in Carroll county, 
 Ga. He was educated in the public schools of his native state, 
 and graduated from Emory college. In 1886 he was duly elected 
 assistant editor of the Nashville Christian advocate ; and in 1888- 
 98 was president of Emory college. Since 1898 he has been bishop 
 of the methodist episcopal church south. He is the author of 
 History of Sunday Schools; Georgia's Educational Work; and also 
 several other religious and educational works. 
 
 Cannon, George Lyman, educator, scientist, author, was born 
 March 10, 1860, in New York City. He graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Colorado. In 1882-87 he was the manager of the Colo- 
 rado chemical works ; in 1888-89 he was assistant geologist United 
 States geological survey; and since 1887 has been instructor in 
 geology and biology at the Denver high school. He has dis- 
 covered many species of extinct vertebrates. He is the author of 
 Geology of Denver; Quaternary of the Platte Valley; Color&do 
 Nature Studies; and other works. 
 
 Cappeller, William S., of Mansfield, Ohio, was born Feb. 23, 
 1839, in Somerest, Pa. During 1877-83 he was county auditor 
 at Cincinnati, Ohio ; and commissioner of railroads and telegraphs 
 of Ohio in 1887-89. He was grand master of the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows of Ohio in 1879-80 ; and in 1885 he estab- 
 lished The Daily News of Mansfield, which is now one of the lead- 
 ing newspapers of Ohio. In 1895-99 he served as president of 
 the national editorial association. In 1886, 1887 and 1888 he was 
 chairman of the republican state committee of Ohio; and con- 
 ducted the campaigns during that time. In 1902-06 he was presi- 
 dent of the Mansfield chamber of commerce. He is the president 
 and general manager of the News Printing company of Mansfield, 
 Ohio. He is a postmaster of the city of Mansfield, and is now 
 serving his second term of 1906-10 ; and resides in Mansfield, Ohio. 
 
 Carey, Joseph Maull, lawyer, congressman, United States 
 senator, was born July 19, 1845, in Milton, Del. He attended 
 Union college, of Schenectady, N.Y. ; and in 1867 he graduated 
 from the law department of the university of Pennsylvania. In 
 1869 he was appointed as United States district attorney for 
 the territory of Wyoming; and in 1872-76 was an associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme court of Wyoming. In 1885 he was a repre- 
 sentative from Wyoming to the forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first 
 congresses. In 1876 he was appointed a member of the United 
 States centennial commission. He was among the first to be- 
 come interested in the great industry of cattle-raising on the 
 plains ; and for many years was president of the Wyoming stock- 
 growers association. He was mayor of Cheyenne in 1880-82: 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 81 
 
 and was instrumental in having "Wyoming admitted to the union 
 as a state. In 1889-95 he was United States senator. 
 
 Carpenter, James Givem, physician, surgeon, founder, author, 
 was born on Aug. 24, 1854, near Hustonville, Ky. In 1871 he 
 taught school ; and since 1875 has practiced medicine and surgery. 
 In 1892 he was president of the Central Kentucky medical so- 
 ciety; and in 1889 was a delegate to the American medical asso- 
 ciation, of which he is a permanent member. He is the founder 
 and now president of the Southeastern Kentucky medical society ; 
 in 1887-91 was councilman of Stanford, Ky. ; and in 1892-98 was 
 United States examining surgeon for pensions. He is the au- 
 thor of The Ideal Doctor ; and a score of Monographs on medical 
 and surgical subjects. 
 
 Carlisle, James Henry, educator, college president, author, was 
 born May 4, 1825, in Winnsboro, S.C. He was educated at Mount 
 Zion of Winnsboro ; and at Camden, S.C. ; in 1844 graduated from 
 the South Carolina college ; and has received the degrees of A.M. 
 and LL.D. In 1854-1905 he was professor of mathematics at 
 Wofford college of Spartanburg, S.C. ; in 1875-1903 was president 
 of that institution; and since 1903 has been emeritus president. 
 He is the editor of Lives of Ascham and Arnold ; and The Young 
 Astronomer. 
 
 Carpenter, Francis M., state senator of New York, was born 
 July 10, 1834, in New Castle, Westchester county, N.Y. He was 
 educated in public schools of his native state; and attended the 
 Union academy of Bedford, N.Y. For thirty-two years he was 
 supervisor of the town of New Castle, Westchester county, N.Y. ; 
 and for six years was county treasurer. He is vice-president of 
 the Mt. Kisco national bank; vice-president of the Westchester 
 trust company ; director of the White Plains national bank ; and 
 is now actively engaged as vice-president and treasurer of the 
 Westchester and Bronx title mortgage company of White Plains, 
 N.Y. From 1903 he was a member of the New York state senate 
 for the twenty-second district, retiring in 1909; and resides in 
 Mt. Kisco, N.Y. 
 
 Carpenter, Ford Ashman, meteorologist, scientist, was born 
 March 25, 1868, in Chicago, 111. He was educated in the Chi- 
 cago public schools; at the Hayes high school; and at Dilworth 
 academy. In 1880-90 he served as assistant observer in the signal 
 corps of the United States army at Portland, Ore. ; and in 1891 
 at San Francisco, Cal. In 1892-96 he was observer of the United 
 States weather bureau at Carson City, Nev. ; and since 1906 at 
 San Diego, Cal. In 1892-1906 was director of the Nevada state 
 weather service ; and since 1901 has been lecturer on meteorology 
 at the San Diego state normal school. He was a member of the 
 
82 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 international congress of arts and sciences at St. Louis in 1904. 
 He is a member of the American association for the advancement 
 of science; a member of the national geographical society; and 
 president of the San Diego photographic society. Since 1904 he 
 has been director of the San Diego chamber of commerce ; and its 
 treasurer since 1907. In 1909 he was appointed by California 
 and served as San Diego county climatological commissioner at 
 the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific exposition at Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Carr, Julian Shakespeare, manufacturer, banker, philanthrop- 
 ist, was born Oct. 12, 1845, in Chapel Hill, N.C. He received a 
 through education; and graduated from the university of North 
 Carolina, of which institution he is a member of the executive 
 committee of the board of trustees. He is president and owner of 
 the Durban hosiery mills, the largest manufacturer of hosiery in 
 the south. He was the originator and for many years president 
 of the Golden Belt manufacturing company ; and was for twenty- 
 five years president of the Blackwell's Durham tobacco company. 
 He is president of the First national bank of Durham; president 
 of the Edgemont land company ; and vice-president of the Durham 
 tract company. He has been a delegate from North Carolina 
 state at large to five democratic national conventions. He was a 
 delegate to the Ecumenical conference of methodisms of the 
 world held in London; and was a delegate to the Robert Raikes 
 centennial. He served in the confederate army in Barringer's 
 brigade, Hampton's corps, in the army of Northern Virginia. He 
 is major-general commanding the North Carolina division of Con- 
 federate veterans ; and resides in Durham, N. C. 
 
 Carrington, Hereward H. L., scientist, author, was born in 
 1880 in England. He was educated in the scientific schools of 
 London and Kent, England; and came to the United States in 
 1899. For a while he was editor of Street and Smith's novels. 
 He is a member of the American institute for scientific research; 
 and a member of the society for psychical research of London. 
 He is the author of The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism; 
 Vitality ; Fasting and Nutrition ; and The Coming Science. He is 
 also a contributor to journals on scientific and psychical subjects. 
 
 Carroll, Benajah Harvey, clergyman, theologian, author, was 
 born Dec. 27, 1843, near Carrollton, Miss. He received his edu- 
 cation in Arkansas and Texas; and graduated from Baylor uni- 
 versity of Waco, Texas; from which institution he received the 
 degrees of A.M., D.D. and LL.D. For nearly thirty years he has 
 been pastor of the first baptist church of Waco, Texas; and has 
 been corresponding secretary of the Texas baptist education com- 
 mission. He has been president of the board of trustees of Baylor 
 university; and is now dean of department of theology in that 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 83 
 
 institution. He is the author of a volume of sermons and sev- 
 eral small books. 
 
 Carson, Howard Adams, civil engineer, author, was born Nov. 
 28, 1842, in Westfield, Mass. In 1869 he graduated with the degree 
 of B.S. from the Massachusetts institute of technology; and re- 
 ceived the degree of A.M. from Harvard university. In 1873 
 he was in charge of sewerage construction in Providence, R.I. ; 
 and in 1878 was principal superintendent of construction of the 
 Boston main drainage. In 1887 he designed and later was chief 
 engineer of the Charles river valley sewerage systems for Massa- 
 chusetts, a combined system for about twenty cities and towns. 
 Since 1894 he has been chief engineer of the Boston trustee com- 
 missioners, building the Boston subway, the east Boston tunnel 
 and the Washington street tunnel. He is the author of Annual 
 Reports, as chief engineer of the metropolitan sewerage; and of 
 various other engineering reports. 
 
 Carter, Thomas Henry, lawyer, congressman, United States 
 senator, was born Oct. 30, 1854, in Scioto county, Ohio. He was 
 engaged in farming, railroading, and school teaching for a num- 
 ber of years ; studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1882 
 he removed from Burlington, Iowa, to Helena, Montana; and in 
 1889-91 he was a representative from Montana to the fifty-first 
 congress as a republican ; and upon the admission of the state 
 was elected its first representative in congress. He was com- 
 missioner of the general land office in 1891-92; and in 1895-1901 
 and 1905-11 he was United States senator. In 1896 and 1900 he 
 was a delegate to the republican national convention. 
 
 Cartwright, Samuel Gray, trustee asylum for the deaf and 
 dumb of New Mexico, was born June 11, 1869, in Kossuth, Des 
 Moines county, Iowa. In 1892 he graduated with the degree of 
 Ph.B. from the state university of Iowa ; took a six months' course 
 in Elliott's business college of Burlington, Iowa; and a year's 
 course in the law school of the state university of Iowa. For 
 two terms he was city treasurer of Santa Fe, N.M. ; and was a 
 member of the capitol rebuilding board of New Mexico which 
 rebuilt the capitol. He is secretary and treasurer of the whole- 
 sale grocery firm of H. B. Cartwright and brother of Santa Fe, 
 N.M. He is a trustee and secretary-treasurer of the asylum for 
 the deaf and dumb of New Mexico ; and resides in Santa Fe, N.M. 
 
 Cary, Richard Miles, merchant, banker, was born May 19, 
 1861, in Isle of Wight county, Va. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation under the guidance of his father, Professor R. M. Cary. 
 He is a successful business man of Pensacola, Fla.; president of 
 Cary and company, coal merchants; vice-president of the People's 
 bank of Pensacola; and secretary of the Pensacola home and 
 
84 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 savings association. He has been cashier and paymaster of the 
 Pensacola and Alabama and Tennessee railroad company; and 
 auditor and secretary of the corporation. He is colonel and in- 
 spector-general on the staff of the Florida national guard. 
 
 Case, Charles Clinton, conductor, Chautauqua assemblies, was 
 born June 6, 1843, in Lines \alle, Pa. He was educated at the 
 Gustavus academy of Ohio; and received his musical education 
 in the normal music schools of Chicago, Ohio, and Indiana. He 
 has been a conductor of music in churches in Chicago and various 
 cities; and is now a successful choir conductor in Chautauqua 
 assembly work. He is the author of The Harvest of Song ; Church 
 Anthems ; Our Song World ; Uplifting Songs ; Choice Songs ; and 
 other works. His home is in Gustavus, Ohio. 
 
 Case, Leslie Verne, educator, lecturer, scientist, was born Oct. 
 1, 1876, in Cohocton, N.Y. He was educated at the Atlanta high 
 school, at Naples academy, at the Geneseo normal, and at the 
 New York Columbia universities. He is superintendent of the 
 Tarrytown schools of New York; lecturer on science in the state 
 school for teachers at Cliff Haven, N.Y. ; and chairman of the 
 physics section of the New York state science association. He 
 discovered mineral crytolite in Westchester county, N.Y. He is 
 a member of the national geographical society, the chemistry 
 club and also of the physics club of New York City. He is gen- 
 eralissmo of Westerchester commandery, number forty-two ; and is 
 first lieutenant of the Knights templar battalion of New York 
 City. 
 
 Cassel, Henry Burd, United States congressman from Penn- 
 sylvania, was born Oct. 19, 1855, in Marietta, Pa. He finished 
 his education at the Columbia classical institute. In 1896 he was 
 a delegate to the national republican convention. In 1898-1902 
 he was a member of the Pennsylvania state legislature. He is 
 a wholesale and retail lumber dealer; and director and stock- 
 holder in various corporations. He was a member of the fifty- 
 seventh to fill a vacancy and elected to the fifty-eighth and fifty- 
 ninth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth 
 congress from the ninth district of Pennsylvania for the term of 
 1907-09 ; and resides in Marietta, Pa. 
 
 Castle, Henry Anson, lawyer, journalist, was born Aug. 22, 
 1841, in Columbus, 111. In 1862 he graduated from the McKendree 
 college, 111. He then enlisted as a private in the seventy-third 
 regiment of Illinois volunteer infantry. He was made sergeant- 
 major of his regiment; was severely wounded in the battle of 
 Stone River, and finally discharged. He afterwards raised a 
 company for the one hundred and seventh regiment Illinois in- 
 fantry, which he commanded as captain during his term of serv- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 85 
 
 ice. For ten years he practiced law in St. Paul, and in 1876 was 
 chosen editor-in-chief of the St. Paul Dispatch, of which he be- 
 came owner. In 1885 he disposed of the Dispatch. In 1873 he 
 was a member of the Minnesota legislature ; and during 1872-75 
 was commander of the department of Minnesota, G. A. R. He 
 was postmaster of St. Paul from 1892 to 1896; and auditor for 
 the post office department at Washington, D.C., from 1897 to 1904. 
 He has written many articles on postal subjects for the leading 
 American magazines. 
 
 Caswell, Lucien B., lawyer, state legislator, congressman, was 
 born Nov. 27, 1827, in Swanton, Vt. In 1855 he was district at- 
 torney; a delegate to the republican convention of 1868; and a 
 member of the Wisconsin legislature in 1863, in 1872 and in 
 1874. In 1875-83 and in 1885-91 he was a representative from 
 Wisconsin to the forty-fourth, to the forty-seventh and the forty- 
 ninth, the fiftieth and the fifty-first congresses as a republican, 
 and was on several important committees. He resides in Atkinson, 
 
 Wis. 
 
 Chambers, Henry Edward, educator, author, was born March 
 28, 1860, in New Orleans, La. Since 1902 he has been professor 
 of English and elocution in the New Orleans boys' high school. 
 In 1902 he was president of the Louisiana state Chautauqua. He 
 is the author of Twenty Lessons in Bookkeeping; A Primary 
 Speller; A School History of the United States; and A Higher 
 History of the United States ; Search Questions in American His- 
 tory ; Constitutional History of Hawaii ; and other works. 
 
 Chandler, William Dwight, newspaper publisher, was born 
 Feb. 3, 1863, in Concord, N.H. In 1875-81 he attended Saint 
 Paul's school; and subsequently spent nearly two years in Europe 
 to complete his education. Until 1892 he was assistant cashier 
 of the First national bank of Winona, Minn.; and since then 
 has been publisher of the Concord Evening Monitor and of the 
 Independent Statesman of Concord, N.H. He is chairman of the 
 board of trustees of the New Hampshire state library. He is a 
 prominent Mason; and a member of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 Chandler, William Eaton, lawyer, jurist, United States senator, 
 was born Dec. 28, 1835, in Concord, N.H. In 1862-64 he was a 
 member of the New Hampshire house of representatives; and 
 he served as its speaker during the last two years. In 1865 he 
 became the solicitor and judge advocate general of the navy de- 
 partment; and was subsequently appointed first assistant sec- 
 retary of the treasury. In 1881 he was again a member of the 
 New Hampshire state legislature; and in 1882-85 was secretary 
 of the navy. In 1887-1901 he was United States senator. He 
 
86 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 resides in Concord, N.H. ; and his portrait hangs in the Library 
 building of the state capitol. 
 
 Chanute, Octave, civil engineer, author, was born Feb. 18, 1832, 
 in Paris, France. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools of New York City ; studied under special tutors ; and sub- 
 sequently received the degree of Dr. of engineering from the 
 university of Illinois. He has been engineer on various railroads ; 
 and has been engaged as engineer on the construction of various 
 bridges in different parts of the United States. He is proficient 
 on wood preservation ; is also proficient on aerial navigation ; is 
 a well-known consulting engineer of Chicago, 111. ; and since 
 1893 has been president of the Chicago tie preserving company. 
 In 1901 he was president of the "Western society of engineers ; and 
 is a fellow of the American association for the advancement of 
 science. He is the author of The Kansas City Bridge; Progress 
 in Flying Machines; and various Monographs and articles on 
 engineering subjects. 
 
 Chapman, Ervin S., clergyman, reformer, author, was born 
 June 23, 1838, in Defiance, county, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 public schools and under private tuition; and has received the 
 degrees of A.M., D.D. and LL.D. In 1864-69 he was committee 
 clerk in the United States house of representatives at Washington, 
 D.C. In 1870-98 he was a pastor in Ohio, Wyoming and Cali- 
 fornia ; since 1898 has been superintendent of the California anti- 
 saloon league ; and he is editor of the Searchlight, its official organ. 
 He is the originator of the stainless flag movement. He is the 
 author of a work entitled The Stainless Flag. 
 
 Chapman, J. Wilbur, clergyman, author, was born June 17, 
 1859, in Richmond, Ind. He was educated at Oberlin college 
 of Ohio; and in 1879 graduated from Lake Forest university of 
 Illinois. He was theologically educated at the Lane seminary of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio ; and the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him 
 by the university of Wooster. He has filled pastorates in Indiana, 
 Ohio and New York, and in the cities of Albany, Philadelphia and 
 New York City. Much of his ministry has been along evangelistic 
 lines ; and he was an intimate associate of D. L. Moody, the noted 
 evangelist. He is corresponding secretary of the general 
 assembly's committee on evangelistic work; is one of the di- 
 rectors of the Winona assembly and summer school ; and director 
 of the international bible conference. He is the author of And 
 Peter ; also Kadesha-Barnea ; The Lost Crown ; The Secret of A 
 Happy Day ; Present Day Parables ; and Fishing For Men. 
 
 Chappie, Joseph Mitchell, journalist, publisher, author, was 
 born July 18, 1867, in La Porte City, Iowa. In 1897 he took charge 
 of the Bostonian, afterwards changed to the Nation magazine; 
 
OP THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 87 
 
 and now edits the National Magazine of Boston, Mass. He is 
 the author of The Minor Chord ; and Boss Burt, Politician. 
 
 Charlton, Walter Glasco, lawyer, was born June 5, 1851, in 
 Savannah, Ga. He received his education at the Rock academy; 
 attended the Pen-Lucy school of Baltimore county, Md.; and 
 studied in the university of Virginia. He has attained prominence 
 as an able lawyer of Savannah, Ga. ; and has served as alderman 
 of that city for three terms. He has been solicitor of the eastern 
 circuit of Georgia; was chairman of the democratic party of 
 Chatham county for three terms; was chairman of the democratic 
 congressional convention of the first district in 1886; and was 
 temporary chairman of the state convention in 1885. 
 
 Childs, Thomas Spencer, clergyman, author, was born in 1825, 
 in Springfield, Mass. In 1847 he graduated from the university 
 of New York; in 1850 graduated from Princeton theological 
 seminary; and has received the degrees of A.M. and D.D. In 
 1851-66 he was pastor of the First presbyterian church of Hart- 
 ford, Conn. In 1871-79 was professor of biblical and ecclesiastical 
 history at Hartford seminary ; and in 1882-90 filled a pastorate in 
 Washington, D.C. In 1890 he became a protestant episcopal 
 clergyman ; in 1879-1901 was first archdeacon of Washington ; and 
 since 1901 has been rector of the church of Chevy Chase, Md. 
 Since 1892 he has been chaplain of the sons of the American revo- 
 lution. He is the author of Justification ; Hints to the Christian ; 
 The Heritage of Peace; The Lost Faith; and a score of other 
 
 works. 
 
 Chipman, Dewitt 0., lawyer, legislator, author, was born Sept. 
 21, 1824, in Middleboro, N.Y. He was educated at the Middle- 
 bury academy; at Bethany academy; and at the National law 
 school of Balstop Spa, N.Y. He has been school trustee and mayor 
 of Noblesville, Ind. ; and served as a member of the Indiana state 
 legislature. He has been prosecuting attorney for Hamilton, 
 Tipton, Howard, and of Madison, Marion, Johnson and Hancock 
 counties. He has been collector of internal revenue for the 
 eleventh district of Indiana; and was receiver of commutation 
 money for the same district. He has also attained success as an 
 attorney at law and patent solicitor of Anderson, Ind. He js the 
 author of Beyond the Verge ; Halycon Isle ; and Angels Visit. 
 
 Chisholm, Hugh J., manufacturer, railroad president, was born 
 May 2, 1847, in Canada. He organized the Somerset fibre com- 
 pany, manufacturers of wood-pulp at Fairfield, Maine. He or- 
 ganized and is president of the Portland and Rumford Falls rail- 
 road; and is also president of the Rumford Falls and Langeley 
 railroad. 
 
88 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Church, Samuel Harden, railroad manager, author, was born 
 Jan. 24, 1858, in Caldwell county, Mo. His family have been resi- 
 dents of Pittsburg since 1822 ; and here he received the rudiments 
 of his education in the public schools. He received the degree 
 of Litt.D. from the Western university of Pennsylvania ; the degree 
 of A.M. from Bethany college ; and also received same degree from 
 Yale university. He was a colonel on the staff of Governor Hoadly 
 of Ohio ; and was presented with a sword for his conduct in hand- 
 ling troops for the suppression of the riots of Cincinnati in 1884. 
 During the campaigns of 1896, 1900 and 1904 he was a republican 
 speaker in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. He was superin- 
 tendent of transportation, then became secretary of the Penn- 
 sylvania lines west of Pittsburg. He is an eminent historian; 
 secretary and trustee of the Carnegie institute; and vice-presi- 
 dent of the Union steel casting company. He is the author of 
 Oliver Cromwell, a History; John Marmaduke; Corporate His- 
 tory of the Pennsylvania Railroad Lines West of Pittsburg, in 
 ten volumes ; Penruddocks of the White Lambs ; and several plays. 
 
 Churchill, William, manufacturer, inventor, was born Nov. 3, 
 1876, in New Britain, Conn. He graduated from Yale university 
 with the degrees of A.B. and Ph. D. ; and was a student at Leipzig 
 university in Germany. In 1902-04 he was an instructor in Yale 
 college. Since 1904 he has been a member of the scientific staff 
 of Corning glass works of New York. He has taken out eight 
 United States patents and various foreign patents relating to 
 signal lenses and signal glass. He is a fellow of the American asso- 
 ciation for the advancement of science ; and a member of the so- 
 ciety of chemical industry. He is the author of papers published 
 in the Proceedings of the Railway signal association. 
 
 Chytraus, Axel, judge superior court of Cook county, Illinois, 
 was born Sept. 15, 1859, in Sweden. He was educated in the 
 common schools of Sweden, and in the public and private schools 
 of Chicago, 111. In 1898-1908 he was judge of the superior court 
 of Cook county ; and since 1908 has been presiding justice of the 
 Appellate court in the branch court of the first district ; and re- 
 sides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cilley, Jonathan Prince, soldier, lawyer, legislator, was born 
 Dec. 29, 1835, in Thomaston, Maine. He attended the military 
 academy of Pembroke, N.H. ; in ]854 he graduated from the 
 academy at New Hampton, N.H. ; in 1858 from Bowdoin college ; 
 and has since attained prominence as an eminent lawyer of Rock- 
 land, Maine. During the civil war he served in the first regiment 
 of the Maine cavalry, and became captain, major, colonel, and 
 brevet brigadier-general. He served as a member of the Maine 
 state legislature, and in 1876-78 was adjutant-general of Maine. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 89 
 
 He is the author of a genealogy of the Cilley family ; The Gamble 
 Family; and The Mount Desert Widow. 
 
 Clare, Israel Smith, historian, was born near Lancaster, Pa., 
 November 24, 1847. He was educated in the public schools and 
 at the state normal school at Millersville, Pa. He taught school 
 in early life. He early engaged in literary work and wrote on his- 
 torical and foreign political subjects for newspapers and maga- 
 zines. Editor of Cram's magazine, of Chicago, 1899-1901; editor 
 of The Rostrum magazine, of Lancaster, Pa., 1901-1902 ; can- 
 didate of the National party for Congress in 1878. He is author 
 of Illustrated Universal History; Complete Historical Compen- 
 dium ; Unrivaled History of the World, 5 vols. ; History of the 
 British-Boer War ; Illustrated History of All Nations, 15 vols. ; 
 and forty historical maps in Cram's Ancient and Modern Atlas 
 of the World. 
 
 Clark, Charles Amory, soldier, educator, lawyer, was born 
 Jan. 26, 1841, in Sangerville, Maine. He was educated in the 
 public schools and at Foxcroft academy. Then in 1856-61 he was 
 teaching school. He was the first man to volunteer from his 
 county in the civil war; he was successively corporal, sergeant and 
 second lieutenant ; and in 1862-64 served as first lieutenant and 
 adjutant in the sixth Maine regiment. In 1864 he was com- 
 missioned captain and assistant adjutant-general of volunteers ; 
 was twice brevetted as major and lieutenant-colonel; and received 
 the congressional medal of honor for bravery at Bank's ford, Va. 
 In 1866-76 he practiced law in Webster City, Iowa ; and since 1876 
 has practiced law in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He has been commander 
 of the Loyal legion for Iowa ; and in 1906-07 was judge advocate- 
 general grand army of the republic. 
 
 Clark, E. M., state representative of Oklahoma, was born in 
 1856 in Huntsburg, Ohio. He received the rudiments of his edu- 
 cation in the public schools; attended Farmington academy of 
 Ohio ; and the Wesleyan college of Bloomington, Okla. He is a 
 successful lawyer of Pawnee, Okla. ; and is prominently men- 
 tioned at this time for governor of Oklahoma. He is a representa- 
 tive from Pawnee and Payne county to the house of representa- 
 tives of the state of Oklahoma for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Pawnee, Okla. 
 
 Clark, George Whitfield, clergyman, author, was born Feb. 
 15, 1831, in South Orange, N.J. In 1853 he graduated from Am- 
 herst college ; in 1855 graduated from Rochester theological semi- 
 nary; and subsequently received the degree of D.D. from that in- 
 stitution. He has been pastor of baptist churches in New Market 
 and Elizabeth, N.J. ; in Balliston, N.Y. and in Somerville, N.J. 
 Ever since 1880 he has been with the missionary department of 
 
90 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the American baptist publications society. For many years he 
 has devoted himself to exegetical studies. He is the author of 
 Harmony of the Four Gospels in English, on Matthew, Mark, Luke, 
 and John ; Romans and Corinthians ; Galatians to Philamon ; Har- 
 monic Arrangement of the Acts of the Apostles; Brief Notes on 
 the New Testament; History of the First Baptist Church in 
 Elizabeth, N.J. The Mighty Worker ; and other works. 
 
 Clarke, Augustus Peck, physician, surgeon, was born Sept. 24, 
 1833, in Pawtucket, R.I. In 1856 he entered Brown university, 
 and in 1861 received the degree of A.M. from that institution; 
 and the degree of M.D. from Harvard university in 1862. He 
 served during the civil war and was promoted to the rank of 
 surgeon ; and in 1864 to surgeon-in-chief ; and was brevetted lieu- 
 tenant-colonel and also colonel for meritorious conduct during 
 his term of service. In 1865 he traveled abroad and attended the 
 various medical schools and hospitals in London, Paris and Leipzig. 
 In 1886 he moved to Cambridge, Mass.; and soon established a 
 high reputation as a practitioner. He has been dean and pro- 
 fessor in the college of physicians and surgeons of Boston since 
 1893 ; and has held numerous high positions of honor in medical 
 bodies and other societies. He is the author of Clarke's Kindred 
 Genealogies; and Book of Poems. 
 
 Clarke, Charles W., soldier, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born 
 Aug. 19, 1840, in Danville, Vt. He served nearly five years dur- 
 ing the civil war in the Forty-second Ohio regiment, and was com- 
 missioned captain of volunteers. He was a member of the con- 
 stitutional convention of Mississippi; has been judge of common 
 pleas and probate court; for twelve years was district attorney, 
 and served as a member of the Mississippi legislature. He is a 
 successful lawyer; the manager of the Bankers' Life Insurance 
 company of Kansas City, Mo. ; in 1896 was elected a member of 
 the Missouri state legislature ; and twice returned as a republican 
 to the state senate of Missouri, resigning in 1906 to accept the 
 appointment as surveyor of Customs at the Port of Kansas City. 
 
 Clarke, Hugh Archibald, educator, musician, author, was born 
 Aug. 15, 1839, in Canada. He was educated at Knox college ; and 
 in 1886 graduated from the university of Pennsylvania with the 
 degree of doctor of music. Since 1860 he has been a resident of 
 Philadelphia, Pa.; and since 1875 has been professor of music 
 in the university of Pennsylvania. He is the author of The Scratch 
 Club; Music and the Comrade Arts; Highways and Byways of 
 Music; and other works. 
 
 Clarke, Thomas Benedict, artist, founder, was born Dec. 11, 
 1848, in New York City. He was educated at the Mount Washing- 
 ton collegiate institute of New York City. He is an art col- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 91 
 
 lector and connoisseur. He has devoted a lifetime to the col- 
 lection of works of art, and in 1899 sold a collection of works of 
 American artists for two hundred and thirty-five thousand dol- 
 lars. In 1895-1903 he was president of the New York school of 
 applied design. He was the founder of the competition prize 
 of the national academy of design ; and formed an American art 
 collection which sold in 1899 for nearly a quarter of a million 
 dollars. 
 
 Clarke, Walter B., lawyer, statesman, was born April 4, 1876, 
 in Nobleboro, Maine. In 1899 he graduated with the degree of 
 A.B. from Bowdoin college ; and in 1903 graduated with the degree 
 of LL.B. from Harvard law school. Since 1903 he has practiced 
 law in Portland, Maine. In 1890-1903 he was assistant secretary 
 of the Maine state senate. In 1903-05 he was a representative 
 in the Maine state legislature ; in 1905-07 was executive councilor ; 
 and since 1907 has been a member of the state senate. 
 
 Clarkson, James Sullivan, journalist, statesman, was born on 
 May 17, 1842, in Brookville, Ind. He has been first assistant 
 postmaster general; and chairman of republican national com- 
 mittee. He was then made chairman of the republican state 
 committee when but twenty-four years of age ; and when twenty- 
 five was offered the Swiss mission by President Grant. In 1871- 
 77 he was appointed postmaster at Des Moines, Iowa. He be- 
 gan life as a school teacher; learned the printing business and 
 worked on the Daily State Register of Des Moines, of which he 
 became foreman, reporter, night editor, city editor and editor- 
 in-chief. This publication, with his brother he purchased in 1870, 
 which he has made the leading paper of Iowa. He is president of 
 the republican league of the United States, and one of the fore- 
 most political leaders in America. 
 
 Clause, William Lewis, manufacturer, director, president, was 
 born Nov. 6, 1858, in Homer, Medina county, Ohio. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Akron, Ohio, where he resided 
 for twenty years. Since 1899 he has been president of the Co- 
 lumbia chemical company; and is also president of the Pittsburg 
 plate glass company. He is a director of the Owosso sugar com- 
 pany of Owosso, Mich. ; the Michigan chemical company of Bay 
 City, Mich. ; the Patton paint company of Milwaukee, Wis. ; the 
 Goehring manufacturing company of Akron, Ohio ; and the Pit- 
 cairn coal company and the West Virginia coal company. He is 
 prominently identified with the public and business affairs of 
 Pittsburg, Pa. ; is a member of the Allegheny country club ; and 
 a member of the Edgeworth club of Sewickley, Pa., where he 
 resides. 
 
92 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Clendenin, W. H., lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 29, 1870, in 
 Alamance county, N.C. He was educated at the Thompson school ; 
 and at the university of North Carolina. He has been prosecuting 
 attorney for Rains county, Texas ; and judge of the county court. 
 He was chairman of the county democratic executive committee; 
 a member of the state central democratic executive committee ; 
 and a member of numerous patriotic and fraternal orders. He 
 is now county judge for Rains county, Texas. 
 
 Clews, Henry, manufacturer, banker, financier, author, was 
 born on Aug. 14, 1840, in Staffordshire, England. He was par- 
 tially educated for the ministry; but left school at the age of 
 fifteen years to enter mercantile life in New York City, whither 
 his father had taken him on a business trip, his father being an 
 extensive manufacturer of goods for the American market. He 
 at once took a position in a large importing house of New York 
 City. In 1857 he became a member of a banking firm of Stout, 
 Clews and Mason, which later became Livermore, Clews and com- 
 pany. At the outbreak of the civil war he was invited by the 
 secretary of the treasury to become an agent to sell govern- 
 ment bonds. In 1877 the firm of Henry Clews and company was 
 organized, which has since become one of the best known financial 
 institutions in America. For many years he was treasurer of the 
 American geographical society; treasurer of the society for the 
 prevention of cruelty to animals ; and is connected with many 
 city institutions and financial corporations. He was one of the 
 founders and governors of the Union league ; and is a mem- 
 ber of various other clubs and societies. He is the author of 
 Thirty-Eight Years in Wall Street; Fifty Years in Wall Street; 
 The Wall Street Point of View ; and other works and contributions 
 to current literature. 
 
 Cobern, Camden M., clergyman, author, was born April 19, 
 1855, in Uniontown, Pa. In 1876 he graduated from Allegheny 
 college with the degree of A.M. ; in 1883 graduated from the 
 theological school of Boston university with the degree of S.T.B. ; 
 and received the degree of Ph.D. from Grant university and also 
 the degree of D.D. from Allegheny college. In 1889-90 he studied 
 in England and Germany. Since 1876 he has been in the method- 
 ist episcopal ministry ; and has held pastorates in the Erie, Detroit, 
 Colorado and Rock River conferences. In 1896 he was a dele- 
 gate to the general conference. Since 1906 he has been professor 
 of English bible and philosophy of religion at Alleghany college 
 of Meadville, Pa. He is the author of Ancient Egypt in the Light 
 of Modern Discovery; Critical Commentary on the Books of 
 Ezekiel and Daniel; Star and the Book; Bible Etchings of Im- 
 mortality ; and other works. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 93 
 
 Coburn, George Francis, lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 29, 
 1841, in Brown county, Ohio. He received his education in the 
 common schools of his county, and commenced life as a school 
 teacher, and he taught with great success for five years. He then 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867; and has since 
 practiced his profession in Danville, 111. In 1889 he was elected 
 justice of the peace; and has since disposed of six thousand 
 cases. He had always taken an interest in the public affairs of 
 his county and state; and has filled many important offices of 
 honor and trust. His daughter, Mrs. Lena 0. Dibble, lives in 
 North Stamford, Conn. 
 
 Cochran, Archelaus M., soldier, farmer, legislator, was born 
 Sept. 25, 1839, in Columbia, Tenn. In 1859-60 he attended the 
 medical college of the university of Louisiana. In 1862 he be- 
 came a captain in the civil war. In 1866 he was a member of the 
 Texas state legislature ; was alderman of Dallas in 1873 ; and post- 
 master of that city in 1879. In 1881 he was chairman of the re- 
 publican state executive committee for Texas and in 1886 was re- 
 publican nominee for governor of Texas. In 1890 he was com- 
 missioner to the World's Columbia exposition for Texas; and in 
 1894 was mayor of Dallas ; and resides in Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Cochran, J. Henry, state senator of Pennsylvania, was born 
 Jan. 14, 1845, in New Brunswick, Maine. He was educated in 
 the public schools of New England and at Calais, Maine. He has 
 been a successful lumberman, banker and railroad official ; and for 
 many years has been prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of Williamsport, Pa. He has been a director in 
 several business corporations; and has filled various positions of 
 trust and honor. Since 1894 he has been a member of the Penn- 
 sylvania state senate ; has served on several important committees ; 
 and resides in Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 Cochran, William G., soldier, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was 
 born Nov. 13, 1844, in Ross county, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Illinois; and in 1879 began the practice of law. 
 He served three terms as a member of the general assembly of the 
 Illinois state legislature ; and was twice speaker of the house. He 
 has been department commander of the grand army of the re- 
 public for Illinois ; and in 1900 was a delegate to the national re- 
 publican convention. He has been president of the board of trus- 
 tees of the Illinois soldiers' and orphans' home. In 1897-1903 he 
 served as judge of the sixth circuit court of Illinois; and is now 
 serving his second term of 1903-09 as circuit judge of Illinois. 
 
 Coffeen, Henry A., educator, labor advocate, congressman, 
 scientist, was born Feb. 14, 1841, in Gallia county, Ohio. He was 
 educated in Eureka college of Illinois; and at the Butler univer- 
 
94 PEOGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sity of Indiana. In 1889 lie was a member of the constitutional 
 convention that framed the present constitution of the new state 
 of Wyoming; and in 1885 organized at Big Horn and presided 
 over the first agricultural fair ever held in the state. In 1893-95 
 he was a representative from Wyoming to the fifty-third congress 
 as a democrat ; and while in congress he made the first speech in 
 favor of the reclamation of the arid lands of the federal govern- 
 ment which afterward became a law. He gave to Sheridan a 
 library of some three thousand volumes, which led to the erection 
 of the Carnegie library building in that city. He led the way for 
 the elimination of sectarian bias and political control in the reor- 
 ganization of the state university of Wyoming ; and has made liter- 
 ary and scientific research, especially along the lines of psychic 
 science. 
 
 Coignet, Joseph Alfred Octave, state senator of Louisana, was 
 born Sept. 28, 1878, near Thibodaux, La. He received a thorough 
 education; graduated with the degrees of A.B. and A.M. from 
 Spring Hill college of Mobile, Ala. ; and finished in law at Tulane 
 law university of New Orleans, La. He has attained prominence 
 as a successful lawyer ; in 1898-1900 was deputy-clerk of court for 
 Lafourche county parish, La. ; and has filled various other posi- 
 tions of trust and honor. He is a member of the Louisiana state 
 senate for the tenth district ; is the youngest member of the present 
 state senate ; and resides in Thibodaux, La. 
 
 Colby, Leonard W., soldier, lawyer, was born in Cherry Valley, 
 Ohio. He graduated in the regular, classical and law courses of 
 the university of Wisconsin. He has served two terms in the 
 state senate of the Nebraska legislature, has been assistant attor- 
 ney of the United States; and is acknowledged to be one of the 
 ablest lawyers in the western states. He served in the war of the 
 rebellion, had commanded of a company in the Sioux and Chey- 
 enne Indian war in 1863, commanded a battalion in the Indian 
 campaign of 1876-78 ; was colonel in command of the regular and 
 state troops during the strike in Omaha in 1882, and was brigadier- 
 general in command of the Nebraska military forces in the Sioux 
 Indian war in the winter of 1890-91. He has served in the in- 
 fantry, cavalry and artillery, and in every military capacity from 
 private to brigadier-general. He has been three years captain, 
 six years colonel, and nine years brigadier-general. Previous to 
 the declaration of war with Spain, General Colby organized, armed 
 and equipped the Cuban-American volunteer legion of twenty-five 
 thousand men, and raised one million dollars for the establishment 
 of the Cuban republic. In 1898 he was commissioned a brigadier- 
 general of volunteers, and served in the south and Cuba ; and re- 
 sides in Beatrice, Neb. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 95 
 
 Colcock, Charles Jones, educator, mathematician, curator, was 
 born Jan. 17, 1852, in Beaufort District, S.C. He was educated 
 at the college of Charleston ; and at union college of Schenectady, 
 N.Y. He has been assistant professor of mathematics at union 
 college ; a successful planter ; and identified with the business and 
 public affairs of Charleston, S.C. He is now instructor of science 
 and of mathematics; he is headmaster of the Porter military 
 academy ; and a curator of the South Carolina historical society. ^ 
 
 Cole, Chester Cicero, lawyer, jurist, was born June 4, 1824, in 
 Oxford, N.Y. He received the rudiments of his education in the 
 public schools, and compassed the full course of studies in the 
 Oxford Academy, an institution of high order, established in 1794. 
 After completing a thorough course in the Harvard Law school 
 he removed to Marion, Crittenden county, Kentucky, where he 
 was admitted to the bar in 1848, where he soon acquired and con- 
 ducted a large and successful practice until in May, 1857, when he 
 removed to Des Moines, Iowa. There he soon won a reputation 
 as an able and strong lawyer. In 1864 he was appointed judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Iowa, and was twice elected to that high 
 office. In 1865 he was the founder of a law school in Des Moines, 
 which in 1868 was removed to Iowa City and made the law depart- 
 ment of the state university of Iowa, with which he continued as 
 a teacher for ten years. In 1871 the degree of LL.D. was con- 
 ferred upon him by the Iowa College of Grinnell. In 1875 he re- 
 tired from the state university and established the Iowa College 
 of Law at Des Moines, which, in 1881, became the law department 
 of Drake university. He was dean of that school for many years, 
 and for forty-two years taught law as professor. In January, 1907, 
 he was awarded a retiring allowance by the Carnegie foundation 
 in aid of teaching. He is the author of an edition of Iowa Reports, 
 and for sixteen years was editor of The Western Jurist. In 1876 
 he resigned his position as chief justice of the Supreme Court of 
 Iowa to devote his entire time to the practice of the law, which he 
 has continued with great success. He still resides in Des Moines, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Colerick, Walpole G., lawyer, member of congress, was born 
 Aug. 1, 1845, in Fort Wayne, Ind. He received his education in 
 the public schools of his native city ; and has attained success as 
 one of the foremost lawyers of Indiana. He served with distinc- 
 tion as a member of the house of representatives of the United 
 States in the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses in 1879-83. 
 In 1883 he became one of the supreme court commissioners of the 
 state of Indiana, and served until the expiration of the commis- 
 sion by limitation of law creating the court. He is now actively 
 engaged in the practice of law in Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 
96 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Collins, Gilbert, lawyer, jurist, was born Aug. 26, 1846, in 
 Stonington, Conn. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the public schools ; and he was prepared by David Hart, A.M., for 
 the Yale college. He has attained success as one of the foremost 
 lawyers of the east, and has a large practice in Jersey City, N.J., 
 of which he was mayor in 1884-86. In 1897-1904 he was an asso- 
 ciate justice of the supreme court of New Jersey, and his decisions 
 have shown great judicial ability and learning. 
 
 Combe, Frederick J., mayor of Brownsville, Texas, was born 
 March 4, 1867, in Matamoros, Mexico. He was educated at the 
 university of Notre Dame of Indiana ; and at Tulane university of 
 New Orleans, La. He is a successful physician and surgeon of 
 Brownsville, Tex. ; and a member of the association of military 
 surgeons of the United States. In 1890-97 he was city and county 
 physician of Brownsville, Cameron county, Texas; and in 1890-98 
 acting assistant surgeon in the M.H. service. In 1899-1902 he was 
 major and surgeon in the United States volunteers during the 
 Spanish- American war. He is a director of the Brownsville board 
 of trade ; and a director of the Brownsville rice milling company. 
 He is now filling the office of mayor of the city of Brownsville, Tex. 
 
 Combs, Gilbert Raynolds, musician, composer, founder, was 
 born Jan. 5, 1863, in Philadelphia, Pa. He became a musician and 
 choirmaster in some of the leading Philadelphia churches ; became 
 a capable orchestral conductor ; an excellent performer on stringed 
 instruments. In 1885 he founded the Broad street conservatory 
 of music of Philadelphia, Pa., of which he is director and pro- 
 prietor. He has held many positions and offices in national, state 
 and city musical associations; and is past president of Sinfonia; 
 and past president of the Crochet club. 
 
 Comfort, Mrs. Anna Manning, physician, author, poet, was 
 born Jan. 19, 1845, in Trenton, N.J. In 1871 she married George 
 F. Comfort, the noted educator and art critic of Syracuse, N.Y. 
 She graduated in 1865 from the first class of the New York med- 
 ical college for women; and was the first woman medical grad- 
 uate to practice in the state of Connecticut. She subsequently be- 
 came a lecturer in the New York medical college for women ; and 
 is a specialist in gynecology in New York City and Syracuse. She 
 is the author of Woman's Education and Woman's Health; and 
 articles in prose and poetry contributed to American literature. 
 
 Comfort, George Fisk, educator, art critic, founder, author, 
 was born on Sept. 20, 1833, in Berkshire, N.Y. In 1857 he grad- 
 uated from the Wesleyan university; in 1888 he graduated from 
 the university of the state of New York with the degree of L.H.D. ; 
 and in 1893 received the degree of LL.D. from the Syracuse uni- 
 versitv In 1860-65, 1879, 1887 and 1891 he traveled and studied 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 97 
 
 in Europe. In 1865-68 he was professor of esthetics and modern 
 languages and literature in Allegheny college of Meadville, Pa. ; 
 and in 1868-74 was lecturer on christian art and archaeology in the 
 Drew theological seminary of Madison, N.J. In 1869-72 he was 
 one of the founders of the Metropolitan museum of art of New 
 York City ; and was lecturer there in 1898. In 1869 he organized 
 the Philological association ; and was its secretary in 1869-74. In 
 1872 he became professor of esthetics and modern languages in 
 Syracuse university ; in 1873 originated and organized the college 
 of fine arts in that institution; and was its dean in 1873-93. In 
 1896 he organized the Syracuse museum of fine arts, of which he 
 has always been director. In 1901 he organized the Central New 
 York society of artists. He is the author of Art Museums in 
 America; Modern Languages in Education; and a series of text 
 books on the study of the German Language and Literature. 
 
 Commons, John Rogers, educator, author, scientist, was born 
 Oct. 13, 1852, in Darke county, Ohio. He has been a professor of 
 sociology at Syracuse university since 1895 ; and is also professor of 
 department of trusts and transportation of the bureau of economic 
 research in New York City. He is the author of The Distribution 
 of Wealth; Social Reform and the Church; and Proportional Rep- 
 resentation. 
 
 Comstock, Solomon G., lawyer, state senator, congressman, was 
 born May 9, 1842, in Argyle, Maine. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic and private schools of his native state. He was county attor- 
 ney for Clay county in 1872-78 ; was a representative to the Minn- 
 esota legislature in 1875-81 ; and he was state senator in 1882-88, 
 when he resigned. In 1889-91 he was a representative from Min- 
 nesota to the fifty-first congress as a republican ; and was a mem- 
 ber of several important committees while in congress. 
 
 Coney, Patrick Henry, journalist, lawyer, state legislator, was 
 born March 10, 1848, in Newbury, Vt. At the age of fifteen years 
 he became a member of the companies A and H of the one hundred 
 and eleventh regiment, New York volunteer infantry ; and in June 
 of the latter year was transferred to company H, fourth regiment 
 New York heavy artillery, serving during 1863-65. He was 
 wounded in front of Petersburg, Va., on June 16, 1864; and in 
 October, 1864, was detailed as dispatch bearer for General Nelson 
 A. Miles. In 1867 he settled in Leavenworth; was a representa- 
 tive in the Kansas state legislature; and subsequently moved to 
 Topeka. In 1880 he established the National Banner at Topeka, 
 Kan. ; and became associated with the Topeka Daily Capital, and 
 in 1884 he was admitted to the bar; practices his profession at 
 Topeka ; was president of the Republican silver league of the state. 
 During the World's Columbian exposition he was president of the 
 
98 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Lapland Exhibit company. He is vice-president of the National 
 Irish historical society. 
 
 Connell, William J., lawyer, congressman, was born July 6, 
 1846, in Canada. He received an academic education; spent his 
 boyhood days in Massachusetts and Vermont and since 1867 has 
 lived in Omaha, Neb. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar; was 
 elected district attorney in 1872, and received the re-election two 
 years later. In 1883 he was appointed city attorney of Omaha, 
 and held that office for four years. In 1888 he was elected to the 
 fifty-first United States congress, and has served on numerous im- 
 portant committees. In 1890 he was defeated for congress by 
 William J. Bryan. In 1892 he was re-appointed city attorney of 
 Omaha, which position he held continuously for over ten years 
 and is now attorney for the Omaha street railway company and 
 various other corporations. 
 
 Connor, Leartus, physician, surgeon, author, was born Jan. 29, 
 1843, in Coldenham, N.Y. In 1865 he graduated from Williams 
 college and he subsequently received the degree of A.M. from that 
 institution. In 1870 he received the degree of M.D. from the med- 
 ical department of Columbia university of New York City. Since 
 1871 he has practiced medicine in Detroit, Mich. ; and since 1878 
 has devoted his practice exclusively to ophthalmology and otology. 
 In 1871-72 he was a lecturer on chemistry ; in 1872-79 was profes- 
 sor of physiology and clinical medicine, and in 1878-81 was profes- 
 sor of didactic and clinical ophthalmology in Detroit medical col- 
 lege. In 1871-95 he edited a medical journal, which is now known 
 as the American Lancet. In 1888-89 he was president of the 
 American academy of medicine ; and in 1882-83 was vice-president 
 of the American medical association. In 1890-91 he was chairman 
 of the section on ophthalmology in the American medical associa- 
 tion ; in 1883-89 and 1892-94 was trustee of its journal ; and in 1884 
 was president of the American medical editors' association. In 
 1877-78 and in 1888-89 he was president of the Detroit academy of 
 medicine ; in 1901-02 was president of the Michigan state medical 
 society ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. 
 He is the author of How We Can Obtain and Preserve the Eye- 
 sight and Hearing ; and other works. 
 
 Converse, Charles Crozat, lawyer, musical composer, author, 
 was born in 1832 in Warren, Mass. He studied law and music in 
 Leipzig, Germany ; in 1861 graduated from the Albany law school 
 with the degree of LL.B. ; and subsequently received the honorary 
 degree of LL.D. from Rutherford college. He has composed Im 
 Fruehling, a concert Overture; and has composed an American 
 Overture for full orchestra; and also much symphonic, church 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 99 
 
 and other music. He assisted in preparing the Standard Dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 Converse, John Heman, manufacturer, philanthropist, was born 
 on Dec. 2, 1840, in Burlington, Vt. In 1861 he graduated from 
 the university of Vermont; and for three years was connected 
 with the editorial staff and business management of the Burling- 
 ton Daily and Weekly Times. In 1864-70 he was engaged in rail- 
 road work in Chicago and elsewhere. Since 1873 he has been a 
 member of the firm of Burnham, Williams and company, propri- 
 etors of the Baldwin locomotive works at Philadelphia, Pa. He is 
 a trustee of the university of Vermont, Girard college and other 
 institutions; and in 1900 was vice-moderator of the general as- 
 sembly of the presbyterian church of the United States. He has 
 been president of the national relief commission during the Span- 
 ish-American war; president of the manufacturers' club of Phil- 
 adelphia; president of the sound money league of Pennsylvania; 
 and president of various other state and national institutions. 
 He is much interested in educational work; and has delivered ad- 
 dresses on citizenship and technical education, on the twentieth 
 century university and kindred subjects at the university of Ver- 
 mont and other institutions. The handsome dormitory building 
 donated by him in 1895 to the university of Vermont has been 
 named after him ; and in 1899 he founded and endowed Converse 
 hall, the department of economics and commerce in the university 
 of Vermont. He is a direct descendant of Edward Converse, 
 pioneer ; and his father was the Rev. John Kendrick Converse. 
 
 Cook, John Williston, educator, lecturer, normal school presi- 
 dent, author, was born April 20, 1844, in Oneida county, N.Y. He 
 graduated from the Illinois state normal university; received the 
 degree of A.M. from Knox college; and received the degree of 
 LLD. from Blackburn university and also from the university of 
 Illinois. In 1865-66 he was principal of the public schools; in 
 1866-90 he was a teacher in the Illinois state normal university; 
 in 1890-99 president of that institution ; and since 1899 he has been 
 president of the Northern Illinois State normal school at De Kalb. 
 In 1880 he was president of Illinois state teachers' association; 
 and in 1896 was president of the national educational association. 
 Since 1870 he has been a lecturer on educational subjects. He is 
 part author of Normal Series of Arithmetics. 
 
 Cooley, James Seth, physician, surgeon, was born June 29, 1845, 
 in South Hartford, N.Y. In 1858-62 he attended the North Gran- 
 ville academy; in 1864-65 he attended the Fort Edward institute; 
 and in 1869 and 1872 graduated from Williams college with the 
 degrees of A.B. and A.M. In 1876 he graduated from the medical 
 department of the university of Vermont ; and the following year 
 
100 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 received the degree of M.D. from the university of the City of New 
 York. In 1869-73 he taught at Fort Edward institute; and in 
 1873-76 was principal of Glen Falls academy. In 1877-80 he prac- 
 ticed medicine at Sandy Hill, N.Y. ; in 1880-86 at Luzerne, N.Y. ; 
 and since 1889 has practiced his profession in Glen Cove, N.Y. In 
 1894-1900 he was school commissioner of Queens county; and since 
 1900 has been school commissioner of Nassau county, N.Y. He is 
 a director and secretary of the Nassau hospital association ; and 
 until 1906 w r as manager and secretary of the board of managers 
 of the state normal and training schools at Jamaica. 
 
 Cooley, Le Roy Clark, educator, inventor, author, was born 
 Oct. 7, 1833, in Point Peninsula, N.Y. He is a professor of physics 
 at Vassar college ; and in 1868 invented an electric register by 
 which piano-wires and tuning fork leave an imprint of their vibra- 
 tion. He is the author of a series of textbooks entitled Text- 
 Book of Physics ; Text-Book of Chemistry ; Easy Experiments in 
 Physical Science ; Natural Philosophy ; Elements of Chemistry ; 
 Students' Guide Book; Beginners' Guide to Chemistry; and Lab- 
 oratory Studies in Elementary Chemistry. 
 
 Cooley, Mortimer Elwyn, educator, mechanical engineer, was 
 born March 28, 1855, in Canandaigua, N.Y. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the district schools ; attended Canandai- 
 gua academy ; and in 1878 graduated from the United States naval 
 academy at Annapolis, Md. In 1879-80 he was in the navy on 
 cruises in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast; and in 
 1881 was connected with the bureau of steam engineering. In 
 1898-99 he was chief engineer in the United States navy; in the 
 Spanish-American war he was attached to the United States 
 steamship Yosemite ; and subsequently was in the league navy 
 yard. Since 1881 he has been professor of mechanical engineer- 
 ing at the university of Michigan ; and is dean of the department 
 of engineering. In 1890-91 he was president of the common coun- 
 cil of Ann Arbor, Mich. ; and in 1903 was president of the Mich- 
 igan engineering society. 
 
 Coonrod, John B., judge, Sandusky county probate court of 
 Ohio, was born July 13, 1866, in Sandusky county, Ohio. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Fremont, Ohio ; and at the Tri- 
 State Business college of Toledo, Ohio. In 1888 he was railway 
 postal clerk on the New York and Chicago division. For eight 
 years he taught school in Sandusky and Ottawa counties, Ohio. 
 For six years until 1897 he was a marine engineer on steel steam- 
 ers plying on the great lakes; and in 1897-1903 was deputy clerk 
 of the probate court. Since 1903 he has been judge of the probate 
 court for Sandusky county ; and resides in Fremont, Ohio. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 101 
 
 Cooper, Ernest Clifton, commissioner of insurance of North 
 Dakota, was born April 11, 1856, in Antioch, 111. He was educated 
 in the public schools; and graduated from the high school of 
 Waverly, Iowa. For some time he was deputy clerk of court for 
 Bremer county, Iowa. For six years he was a member of the city 
 council of Grand Forks, N.D. ; and president of the council for 
 one year. In 1896-97 he was chairman of the republican state 
 central committee of North Dakota. He is by profession a fire 
 insurance adjustor of Grand Forks, N.D. ; and prominently identi- 
 fied with the business and public affairs of his community. Since 
 1905 he has been state commissioner of insurance for North Da- 
 kota ; and resides in Grand Forks, N.D. 
 
 Cooper, Ellwood, horticulturist, author, was born May 24, 1829, 
 in Lancaster county, Pa. He was educated at Harmony, Pa., and 
 at the public schools of Lancaster county. For ten years he was 
 engaged in business at Port au Prince, Hayti; for five years in 
 New York; and since 1870 has been engaged in fruit culture at 
 Santa Barbara, Cal. He was the first to engage in the manufac- 
 ture of olive oil in the United States ; and invented machines for 
 that industry. For three years he was principal of Santa Barbara 
 college. In 1885-90 he studied parasitology, and developed the 
 fact that every insect that disturbed plants or their fruits had a 
 parasite to keep them in check ; and this principle has been dem- 
 onstrated in California beyond the power of dispute. In 1885- 
 1903 he was president of the California state board of agriculture, 
 and since that time has been state horticultural commissioner. He 
 is the author of Treatise on Olive Culture ; Forest Culture ; and 
 Eucalyptus Trees. 
 
 Corbin, Joseph Carter, educator, college president, was born 
 March 26, 1833, in Chillicothe, Ohio. He graduated in 1853 from 
 the Ohio University. He has been state superintendent of edu- 
 cation of Arkansas; and for thirty years was president of the 
 branch normal college of Pine Bluff, Ark. He is a prominent 
 member of the masonic order, of which he was grand secretary 
 for thirty years. He is now principal of Merrill public school 
 of Pine Bluff, Ark. 
 
 Cornwall, Wendell W., reporter state supreme court of Iowa, 
 was born Feb. 10, 1857, in Albion, Dane county, Wis. He was 
 educated at Albion academy, Alfred university and graduated 
 from the law school of the university of Wisconsin. He was 
 county judge of McPherson county, S.D. ; has practiced law in 
 Spencer, Iowa ; and has been a member of the twenty-fifth and 
 twenty-sixth general assemblies of Iowa. He is now reporter of 
 the Iowa supreme court decisions ; and resides in Spencer, Iowa. 
 
102 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Cortelyou, David H., soldier, business man, was born Nov. 30, 
 1841, in Richmond county, N.Y. He has been corporal, sergeant, 
 sergeant-major, lieutenant and captain in the sixth regiment New 
 York cavalry; and in 1870 was retired as captain of the ninth 
 United States cavalry. In 1873-75 he was county clerk of Rich- 
 mond county, N.Y. ; has been a justice of the peace ; and until 1898 
 was clerk of the county and supreme court. He is now secretary 
 of the Richmond insurance company, New York; and also vice- 
 president of the Westerleigh building, loan and savings associa- 
 tion of Richmond, N.Y. 
 
 Corthell, Elmer Lawrence, civil engineer, author, was born 
 Sept. 30, 1840, in South Abington, Mass. He was educated at 
 Phillips Exeter academy and at Brown university of Providence, 
 R.I. He is a civil engineer of distinction. In 1898 he was a dele- 
 gate from the United States government to international congress 
 of navigation at Brussels. He is the author of History of the Jet- 
 ties at the Mouth of the Mississippi; Maritime Commerce, Past, 
 Present and Future ; also articles on Jetties ; Levees ; and Ship- 
 Canals and Ship Railways, in Johnson 's Cyclopedia. 
 
 Cotton, Robert Hammond, educator, journalist, clergyman, was 
 born Oct. 6, 1841, in Great Britain. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic and private schools. He has been a successful journalist and 
 educator. He has filled pastorates in St. Peter, Minn.; has been 
 rector of St. James' church at St. Paul, Minn. ; and also the rector 
 of the Trinity church at Fort Worth, Texas. He has filled import- 
 ant positions in his church and has contributed extensively to cur- 
 rent literature on religious and educational subjects. 
 
 Cotton, William Wick, lawyer, author, was born Dec. 13, 1859, 
 in Lyons, Iowa. He was educated in the public school; at the 
 state normal school at Millersville, Pa. ; and at the Columbia law 
 school. In 1888 he was appointed assistant to the general solic- 
 itor of the Union pacific railroad company at Omaha, Neb. In 
 1889 he removed to Portland, Ore. He was general attorney of 
 the pacific division of the Union pacific railroad when that rail- 
 road passed into the hands of the Oregon railroad and navigation 
 company. He became general attorney of the latter company. In 
 1901 he was appointed by the Oregon legislature one of the com- 
 mittee of two members to prepare manuscript for the new edition 
 Laws and Codes of Oregon. He is part author of Bellinger and 
 Cotton's Annotated Laws of Oregon. 
 
 Couch, Edward J., member grand army of the republic, was 
 born Oct. 14, 1832, near Havana, Schuyler county, N.Y. He re- 
 ceived a thorough education and graduated from Alfred univer- 
 sity of New York. He served with distinction in the civil war; 
 and was in numerous battles and skirmishes. He is now a retired 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 103 
 
 farmer of Gross, Boyd county, Neb. ; served four terms as a justice 
 of the peace; and has filled various other positions of trust and 
 honor. He was early a whig, but on its organization joined the 
 republicans ; but when they tried to retire the greenbacks he joined 
 the democrats. He worked materially in the election of Cleve- 
 land; but later joined the populists. He subsequently rejoined 
 the republican party; and stands today with Roosevelt and for 
 general prosperity in railroads, mercantile, manufacturing and 
 agricultural industries. For several years he was a member of 
 the grand army post at Jefferson, Iowa. Since 1903 he has been a 
 member of John A. Logan post No. 353, Grand Army of the Re- 
 public ; and resides in Gross, Neb. , . 9n 1M . 
 
 Couper, William, sculptor, artist, was born Sept. 20, IBM, in 
 Norfolk Va He was educated at Norfolk ; and began art studies 
 at the Cooper institute in New York City. He has also studied at 
 Munich and Florence, Italy. In 1893 he was on the jury for ac- 
 ceptance of works of art sent from Italy to the Chicago exposition. 
 After twenty-two years in Italy he settled permanently in New 
 York City He gives all his attention principally to ideal works, 
 portrait statues, busts and bas-reliefs. He is a member of the 
 national sculptural society and of the Architectural league 
 
 Courtenay, William Ashmead, manufacturer, philanthropist, 
 was born Feb. 4, 1831, in Charleston, S.C. In 1850-60 with his 
 brother he conducted a book-selling and publishing business in 
 Charleston S.C. In 1861-65 he was an officer in the confederate 
 states army. For twenty years he was engaged in the commission 
 and shipping business in Charleston, S.C. He was instrumental in 
 erecting monuments to Colonel William Washington, General 
 Daniel Morgan and the Heroes of Cowpens. At the time of the 
 earthquake he was mayor of Charleston, S.C. ; and his wise admin- 
 istration attracted national attention. 
 
 Cousins, Robert G., United States congressman from Iowa was 
 born in 1859 in Cedar county, Iowa. In 1886 he was elected to 
 the Iowa legislature, and was elected by the house of representa- 
 tives as one of the prosecutors for the Brown impeachment, tried 
 before the senate during 1887. In 1888 he was elected prosecut- 
 ing attorney and also presidential elector for the fifth congres- 
 sional district. He was a member of the fifty-third fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth 
 congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress from the fifth district of Iowa for the term of 1907-09; and 
 resides in Tipton, Iowa. _ 
 
 Covell, Alton Giles, lawyer, legislator, financier, was born June 
 8 1854 in Erie Pa. He received an academic education and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1880. In 1883 he moved to North Dakota, 
 
104 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 where he has large and extensive financial interests in wheat and 
 stock farms, and in a general mercantile house. He has served 
 two terms as state's attorney for Wells county. He served one 
 term as a representative of the North Dakota state legislature; 
 and was a member of several important committees. 
 
 Covey, Frank R., state representative of Illinois, was born Feb. 
 18, 1866, in Boone county, 111. He was educated at the grammar 
 and high schools of Belvidere, 111. ; and graduated from the North- 
 western university law school. He has attained success in the 
 practice of law at Belvidere, 111.; and is prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of that city. He is now pres- 
 ident of the school board of North Blvidere, 111.; and has filled 
 various positions of trust and honor. He is a representative in 
 the Illinois state legislature for the eighth senatorial district, com- 
 prising the counties of Boone, Lake and McHenry ; and resides in 
 Belvidere, 111. 
 
 Cowie, Thomas Jefferson, pay inspector United States navy. 
 In 1880 he was appointed from Iowa as assistant paymaster; in 
 1891 he became passed assistant paymaster; in 1895 became pay- 
 master ; and in 1893 attained the rank of pay inspector. He has 
 served on various duties in the pay department of the navy ; and 
 since 1905 has been pay officer and general storekeeper at the 
 United States naval academy at Annapolis, Md. He is known as 
 the father and most efficient advocate of the new bill asking for 
 a twenty per cent increase in pay of the officers of the navy. 
 
 Cox, Nicholas Nichols, soldier, farmer, lawyer, congressman, 
 was born Jan. 6, 1837, in Bedford county, Tenn. He removed to 
 Texas in his boyhood ; and was reared in Sequin, Texas. He re- 
 ceived the rudiments of his education in the public schools; and 
 in 1858 graduated from the school at Lebanon, Tenn. During the 
 civil war he was a colonel serving in confederate states army ; and 
 he served during most of the time with General Forrest. Since 
 the civil war he has been a lawyer of Franklin, Tenn. ; and in 1860 
 was an elector on the Breckinridge-Lane ticket. In 1872 he was 
 an elector on the Greeley ticket, but when Mr. Greeley died he cast 
 his vote for Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana, for president of the 
 United States. In 1891-1901 he was a representative from the 
 seventh district of Tennessee to the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty- 
 fourth, fifty-fifth and fifty-sixth congresses as a democrat; and 
 served on various important committees. 
 
 Cox, Palmer, artist, author, was born on April 28, 1840, in 
 Canada. He became famous the world over as the author of a 
 series of books entitled The Brownies, Their Book; Another 
 Brownie Book; and other works. A volume entitled Queer 
 People contains a collection of many of his contributions to juve- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 105 
 
 nile literature. In his younger days he lived on the Pacific coast, 
 and there published Squibs of California and various other works. 
 He illustrates his own works; and has a studio and sanctum on 
 Broadway, New York City. His other works are : Hans Von Pet- 
 ter's Trip to Gotham; How Columbus Found America; That Stan- 
 ley; Queer People, such as Goblins, etc.; Queer People with Claws 
 and Wings ; Queer People with Wings and Stings. 
 
 Cox, W. H., state senator of Kentucky, was born Oct. 22, 1856, 
 in Maysville, Ky. He received a thorough education in the public 
 and private schools of his native state. For many years he was 
 connected with the dry goods business ; and subsequently engaged 
 in the banking business. For eleven years he was a member of 
 the city council of Maysville, Ky. ; for seven years was the pres- 
 ident ;f or four years served with distinction as mayor of that 
 city. ' Since 1900 he has been a member of the Kentucky state 
 senate ; and is now serving his second term of 1904-08 ; and resides 
 
 in Maysville, Ky. 
 
 Cox, William Ruffin, soldier, planter legislator, congressman, 
 was born March 11, 1832, in Scotland Neck, N.C. He received his 
 education at the Franklin college, Tennessee ; and at the Leba* a 
 law school. During the civil war he became a brigadier-gener,.; 
 in the confederate service. He was solicitor of the sixth judicia 
 circuit court ; and he served as judge of the fourth judicial dis- 
 trict court of North Carolina. In 1881-87 he was a representative 
 to the forty-seventh, forty-eighth and forty-ninth congresses ; and 
 served as secretary of the United States senate. He has been a 
 successful planter and is now largely engaged in agriculture. 
 
 Cox, William Van Zandt, banker, author, was born June 12, 
 1852, near Zanesville, Ohio ; and is a son of Colonel Thomas J. Cox 
 of the United States volunteer army, and a nephew of the late 
 Samuel S. Cox, the eminent statesman. In 1874 he graduated 
 from the Ohio wesleyan university with the degree of A.M. ; and 
 in 1877 was admitted to the bar. In 1879-1902 he was on the ad- 
 ministrative staff of the United States national museum. He is 
 now president of the Second national bank of Washington, D.C. ; 
 vice-president of the Washington market company; and a director 
 in various financial institutions. In 1887 he also represented the 
 Smithsonian institute at the Minneapolis exposition; and in 1888 
 also represented it at the Northwest territorial centennial at 
 Marietta, Ohio. In 1893 he was financial officer of the Smith- 
 sonian institution and the United States national museum at the 
 World's Columbian and Atlanta expositions; and United States 
 executive officer at the Nashville, Omaha, Buffalo and St. Louis 
 expositions. He is vice-president of the board of education of 
 
106 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Washington, D.C. He is the author of Life of Samuel S. Cox; 
 and various Reports and Monographs. 
 
 Craig, Samuel Thomas, soldier, merchant, was born March 22, 
 1835, in Corydon, Ind. In his youth he learned the trade of a car- 
 riage maker ; and in 1860 crossed the Rocky mountains. He served 
 through the civil war, enlisting as a private in company H, first 
 regiment Iowa volunteer cavalry, was promoted through all 
 grades and brevetted brigadier-general. He participated in nearly 
 all of the scouting and battles with the enemy in southwestern 
 Missouri, and in Arkansas and other states ; crossed the Ozark 
 mountains ; and was mustered out in 1866. He remained one year 
 in Texas, and then returned home to Iowa. He was county audi- 
 tor for four terms ; and has principally been engaged in mercantile 
 business at Albia, la. 
 
 Crandall, Floyd Milford, physician, lecturer, author, was born 
 May 2, 1858, in Belfast, N.Y. Since 1893 he has been professor 
 in the New York polyclinic; and is president of the New York 
 county medical society. He is the author of How To Keep Well. 
 
 Crane, Charles Judson, lieutenant-colonel United States army, 
 was born April 30, 1852, in Hernando, Miss. He was educated in 
 the public and private schools of Independence, Tex. ; and at the 
 United States Military academy of West Point, N.Y. As an officer 
 in the regular army he has held every position, from second lieu- 
 tenant to lieutenant-colonel. In 1898-1902 he was also lieutenant- 
 colonel and colonel of volunteers in Cuba and in the Philippines. 
 In 1901-03 he was major and adjutant-general in the United States 
 army ; and in 1903-05 commanding district of Porto Rico. He is 
 military secretary and lieutenant-colonel in the United States 
 army ; and is now stationed at St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Crater, George Edwin, soldier, lawyer, financier, explorer, 
 author, was born in 1870 in Colorado ; and is a member of an old 
 Virginia family. He was educated in the private schools ; studied 
 the sciences and medicine; and became a successful lawyer. He 
 ha^ organized and has been seven times president of a national or 
 state bank ; and has organized over six hundred corporations, in- 
 cluding railway companies, water companies, light, industrial and 
 mining corporations. He organized the first steamship company 
 to operate between Seattle and Skagway and Dyea, Alaska. He 
 has been an extensile traveler in all parts of the world. He or- 
 ganized the corporation to construct a railway in Persia from 
 Teheran to the Persian gulf, which organization completed the 
 greatest railway system the world has ever known, linking the rail- 
 roads of Europe with India, and shortening the belting of the 
 globe by twenty-one days. He is an authority as well as a pioneer 
 in the field of adventure ; is an expert shot ; a noted yachtman ; and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 107 
 
 interested in motoring and aerostation. He resides chiefly in New 
 Yor* City and London, England. 
 
 Crawford, Thomas, merchant, real estate, banker, was born 
 Feb. 22, 1836, in Ireland. He received a thorough education in 
 the public and private schools. Since 1850 he has been a resident 
 of the state of New York; and in 1857-71 was in the dry goods 
 business. For many years he has been extensively engaged in real 
 estate transactions; and is president of the Harlem savings bank 
 of New York City. 
 
 Crawford, William T., United States congressman from North 
 Carolina. He was elected to the sixtieth congress from the tenth 
 district of North Carolina for the term of 1907-09 ; and resides in 
 Waynesville, N.C. 
 
 Creel, Heber Mansfield, soldier, statesman, founder, was born 
 on Nov. 30, 1856, in La Fayette county, Mo. He attended the 
 United States military academy at West Point, N.Y. He was 
 second lieutenant of the seventh United States cavalry. He has 
 been inspector and judge advocate general of the North Dakota 
 National guard; and president of the state military board. He 
 served as state senator of the twenty-first district of North Dakota 
 in 1897-1901. He founded the city of Devils Lake, N.D. ; and re- 
 ceived the nomination for congress in 1898. 
 
 Creighton, Hugh L., soldier, educator, business man, was born 
 Jan. 27, 1837, in Louisa county, Iowa. During the civil war he 
 served as a soldier in company A, thirtieth regiment Iowa vol- 
 unteer infantry, and was promoted to captain. He served with 
 distinction in the battles of Wilson's Creek, Chicasaw Bayou, 
 Arkansas Post, Siege of Vicksburg, at Lookout Mountain, Mis- 
 sionary Ridge and other battles. And for many years he was a 
 public school teacher ; and is now engaged in business in Oakville, 
 Iowa, where he takes a prominent part in the public affairs of his 
 county and state. 
 
 Croft, Edmund, agriculturist, statesman, was born May 31, 
 1848, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He was educated 
 at Eaton college of England ; and at Trinity college of Cambridge, 
 England. All his life he has been engaged in agricultural and 
 pastoral pursuits in New Zealand, Queensland, Florida and the 
 state of Washington. He has now retired from active work; re- 
 sides in the state of Washington at Tacoma; and is prominently 
 identified with its business and public affairs. He has filled 
 numerous positions of trust and honor during his life. In 1906-08 
 he was a representative in the Washington state legislature. 
 
 Crook, Alja Robinson, educator, geologist, was born June 17, 
 1864, in Circleville, Ohio. In 1887 he graduated from the Ohio 
 Wesleyan university with the degree of A.B. ; studied in the 
 
108 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 British museum ; in the universities of Berlin, Zurich and Munich ; 
 and received the degree of Ph.D. from the latter institution. He 
 worked in three of the greatest museums in Europe ; and since 1893 
 has been professor of mineralogy and economic geology in the 
 Northwestern university at Evanston, 111. As a mountaineer he 
 has had experiences in the Urals, the Caucasus and in the moun- 
 tains of the United States and Mexico. He is a lecturer of note ; 
 and is a fellow of the geological society of America. Since 1906 
 he has been curator of the Illinois state museum of natural his- 
 tory ; and is secretary in the Illinois state academy of science. He 
 is the author of The Mineralogy of the Chicago Area. 
 
 Crook, Harrison, physician, was born April 13, 1850, in Mary- 
 land. In 1878 he received his medical degree from the George- 
 town Medical college; in which institution he was demonstrator 
 of anatomy in 1878-82 ; and still holds the chair of clinical surgery. 
 For the past ten years he has been surgeon to the Providence 
 hospital of Washington, D.C. 
 
 Crossley, James J., state senator of Iowa, was born Aug. 31, 
 1869, in Madison county, Iowa. He was educated at Des Moines 
 college, Iowa state university and Yale university; and has re- 
 ceived the degrees of A.B., M.A., and LL.B. Since 1900 he has 
 practiced law in Winterset, Iowa. He has been county superin- 
 tendent of schools ; and captain of company G, fifty-first and fifty- 
 fifth infantry Iowa national guard. He is now serving his fourth 
 session as a member of the Iowa state senate ; is author of the pro- 
 posed primary laws for Iowa ; and resides in Winterset, Iowa. 
 
 Crowell, Edward Payson, educator, legislator, historian, author, 
 was born Sept. 7, 1830, in Essex, Mass. He graduated from Am- 
 herst college in 1853 ; in 1856-58 took a course in Andover theol- 
 ogical seminary and has received the degree of DD. In 1853-55 he 
 was a teacher of latin and Greek in the Williston seminary ; was 
 tutor in Amherst college in 1855-56 ; and professor of latin and in- 
 structor in German in 1858-64. Since 1864 he has been Moore pro- 
 fessor of latin language and literature in that institution; and 
 dean of the faculty in 1880-94. In 1859 he was licensed a congre- 
 gational preacher. In 1879 he was a representative in the Mass- 
 achusetts state legislature. He edited the annual obituary record 
 of graduates of Amherst college in 1863-76 and since 1886. He is 
 a member of the American philosophical society. He is the author 
 of numerous text books and literary contributions on philological, 
 biographical and historical subjects. 
 
 Crowell, John S., publisher, journalist, was born Jan. 7, 1850, 
 in Louisville, Ky. In 1877 he founded and was president of the 
 publishing house of Mast, Crowell and Kirkpatrick, proprietors of 
 the Woman's Home Companion and the Farm and Fireside. He 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 109 
 
 has been president of the board of trade of Springfield, Ohio ; pres- 
 ident of the Young men's christian association; for five years was 
 president of the Springfield college and seminary; and president 
 of the Men's literary club. He is now president of the board of 
 trustees of the Western college for women of Oxford, Ohio. He 
 is a director of the Columbia life insurance company of Cincinnati ; 
 a director in the First national bank ; and president of the board 
 of trustees of the City hospital. For thirty years he has been an 
 elder in the First presbyterian church of Springfield, Ohio ; and is 
 prominently identified with the social, business and public affairs 
 
 of his community. 
 
 Crowley, B. H., soldier, planter, lawyer, statesman, was born 
 Oct. 28, 1836, in Greene county, Ark. In 1861 he entered the con- 
 federate service as a private at Fort Smith, Ark. ; attained the 
 rank of captain ; and served until the close of the civil war. He 
 is a successful planter and lawyer of Paragould, Ark. ; served two 
 terms in the Arkansas state legislature; was for two terms a 
 member of the Arkansas state senate; and for four years was 
 receiver in the United States land office at Little Rock for the 
 district of Arkansas. He is now brigadier-general, first brigade, 
 united confederate veterans of Arkansas; and resides in Para- 
 gould, Ark. 
 
 Crunden, Frederick Morgan, educator, librarian, author, was 
 born Sept, 1, 1847, in Gravesend, England. He was educated in 
 the public and high schools of St. Louis, Mo. ; in 1868 he graduated 
 from Washington university; and subsequently received the de- 
 gree of A.M. from that institution of learning. Early in life he 
 was a public reader and actor. In 1869-71 he was principal of a 
 grammar school ; and in 1872-76 was professor in Washington uni- 
 versity. In 1890 he was president of the American library asso- 
 ciation. He is a member of the American association for the ad- 
 vancement of science; and in 1904 was chairman of the library 
 section of the Internationa] congress of arts and sciences at the 
 St. Louis exposition. Since 1877 he has been librarian of the St. 
 Louis public library. He is the author of Monographs and articles 
 on educational and sociological subjects. 
 
 Cudmore, Patrick, soldier, lawyer, historian, poet, was born in 
 June, 1831, in Ireland. After leaving the monastery of Dungar- 
 van, he studied mathematics at the best academy in Munster. He 
 emigrated to America in 1846 ; studied law ; took a course of lec- 
 tures on anatomy at the Bellevue hospital ; and a course of lectures 
 at the Cooper institute. He travelled extensively in Cuba, Mexico, 
 Central and South America, In 1853 he moved to Dane County, 
 Wis. ; in 1855 was elected a justice of the peace ; and became a 
 popular lawyer and public speaker. In 1856 he moved to Min- 
 
110 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 nesota, and the following year settled in Faribault. In 1860 he 
 commenced delivering lectures on Ireland, Mexico and Peru. In 
 1862 he mustered in as a soldier and served three years, first in 
 company H, tenth regiment Minnesota infantry volunteers, which 
 he was instrumental in raising; and subsequently joined the six- 
 teenth army corps. He is the author of Cudmore's Constitutional 
 History; Cudmore's Irish Republic; Cudmore's Poems and Songs; 
 Cudmore's Battle of Clontarf and Other Poems; Buchanan's Con- 
 spiracy, the Nicaragua Canal and Reciprocity; Cudmore's Cleve- 
 land 's Mai-Administration ; also Cudmore 's Prophecy of the 
 Twentieth Century ; Cudmore 's Penal Laws of Ireland ; and other 
 works. 
 
 Cummer, Wellington Wilson, lumberman, public official, donor, 
 was born Oct. 21, 1846, in Toronto, Canada. He was educated at 
 the high school of Watertown, Canada ; and is a prominent lumber- 
 man of Jacksonville, Fla. He has been mayor of Cadillac, Mich. ; 
 was a republican presidential elector in 1888; and a member of 
 the school board for ten years. He made extensive investments in 
 pine and cypress lands in Florida ; owns over one-half of the stock 
 in the Cummer lumber company of Jacksonville, Fla. ; is a large 
 owner of stumpage in Michigan ; and a member of the firm of 
 Cummer, Diggins and company of Cadillac, Mich. He is interested 
 in the Young men's christian association; and also in library 
 work ; and gave sixty thousand dollars to the former, and three 
 thousand dollars to the latter. 
 
 Cupp, Walter Roberts, lawyer, public official, was born Nov. 
 20, 1879, in Carthage, Mo. He was educated at the college of 
 Idaho at Caldwell. He is a lawyer by profession, with real estate 
 interests. He was a delegate to state conventions of various or- 
 ganizations; was a delegate to the national live stock and to the 
 national wool growers conventions ; and was honored with the ap- 
 pointment as a special delegate to the national forest congress 
 which met in 1905 in Washington, D.C. He is now United States 
 commissioner for the district of Idaho ; referee in bankruptcy for 
 the central division district of Idaho ; and resides in Caldwell, 
 Idaho. 
 
 Curtis, Charles, lawyer, congressman, United States senator, 
 was born Jan. 25, 1860, in North Topeka, Kan. He was educated 
 in the public and private schools of his native state. Since 1881 
 he has been engaged in the practice of law in Topeka, Kan. ; and 
 in 1884-88 was prosecuting attorney of Shawnee county, Kan. In 
 1893-1907 he was a representative from Kansas to the fifty-third, 
 fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth 
 and fifty-ninth congresses as a republican. In 1907 he was elected 
 a member of the United States senate from Kansas for the term 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 111 
 
 ending in 1913. He was a member of the Taft party to the 
 Philippines. 
 
 Curtis, Frederick Smillie, educator, founder, was born Feb. 18, 
 1850, in Stratford, Conn. In 1862-66 he attended the Stratford 
 academy in 1869 received the degree of Ph.D. from Sheffield scien- 
 tific school of Yale university; and also took a post-graduate 
 course in that institution. He was professor of mathematics and 
 science in the state normal school at Westchester, Pa. ;,and was 
 professor of chemistry in Swarthmore college in 1872-75. In 1875 
 he founded and has since been principal of the Curtis school for 
 young boys at Brookfield Center, Conn. In 1894-1907 he was a 
 member of the board of education of Brookfield, Conn. ; and in 
 1903 was moderator of the state conference of congregational 
 churches. 
 
 Curtis, John S., merchant, jurist, was born Jan. 18, 1862, in 
 Double Springs, Ala. He received a thorough education in the 
 public schools of his native state. In 1886-98 he served twelve 
 years as clerk of the circuit court for Winston county, Ala. He 
 is a prominent member of the republican party ; and for many 
 years a successful merchant. Since 1904 he has been judge of the 
 probate court for Winston county, Ala. 
 
 Cutler, Condict Walker, physician, author, was born Feb. 27, 
 1859, in Morristown, N.J. In 1879 he graduated from Rutgers col- 
 lege with the degree of M.S. ; and in 1882 graduated from the col- 
 lege of physicians and surgeons of Columbia university. In 1892- 
 95 was professor of dermatology at the university of Vermont ; and 
 in 1897-98 was visiting physician of the city hospital. In 1888- 
 1902 he was physician in chief of the New York dispensary. He 
 is the author of Manual of Differential Medical Diagnosis ; Differ- 
 ential Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Skin ; Essentials of Physics 
 and Chemistry ; and Practical Lectures in Dermatology. 
 
 Cutler, James G., architect, manufacturer, financier, was born 
 April 24, 1848, in Albany, N.Y. He is an architect by profession ; 
 and retired from active practice in 1894. He is president of the 
 Cutler manufacturing company and president of the Cutler realty 
 company. For three terms he was president of the western New 
 York association of architects. In 1896 he was president of the 
 Rochester chamber of commerce ; was presidential elector in 1900 ; 
 and in 1904 became mayor of Rochester, N.Y. 
 
 Cutler, John C, governor of Utah, was born Feb. 5, 1846, in 
 Sheffield. England. He received a thorough education in private 
 schools. He became a successful merchant of Utah; and promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of that state. 
 In 1884-90 he was county clerk for Salt Lake county, Utah ; and 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is president 
 
112 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of the Cutler Brothers company; vice-president of the American 
 Surety company ; vice-president of the Beneficial life insurance 
 company of Utah ; a member of the executive committee ; a director 
 of the Utah and the Idaho Sugar companies; a director in the 
 Desert national bank and five other banks; and is interested in 
 various other corporations. In 1905 he became governor of the 
 state of Utah ; and resides in Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Dahlman, James C, business man, public official, was born Dec. 
 15, 1856, in Texas. He has been mayor of Chadron, Neb.; and for 
 three terms was sheriff of Dawes county, Neb. In 1896-1900 he 
 was chairman of the democratic state committee ; and in 1892 and 
 in 1896 he was a delegate to the democratic national conventions. 
 And since 1900 he has been a member of the national democratic 
 committee; and is now serving his third term of 1908-12. He is 
 connected with the live stock commission business at Omaha, Neb. ; 
 and is now serving as mayor of that city. 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, lawyer, author, was born Jan. 3, 1851, in 
 Cambridge, Mass. In 1874 he graduated from Harvard college; 
 and in 1878 from the Harvard law school. In 1889-92 he edited 
 the Civil Service Record ; and in 1878 organized the associated 
 charities of Boston. In 1891-98 he was president of the New Eng- 
 land conservatory of music ; and in 1890-91 was president of the 
 Boston young men 's christian association ; and was also president 
 of the civil service reform association. He is the author of Double 
 Taxation in Massachusetts ; and addresses on political reform, tax- 
 ation, ballot reform, election expenses and better houses for labors. 
 
 Daniels, Milton J., soldier, banker, state senator, congressman, 
 was born April 18, 1838, in Cobleskill, N.Y. During the civil war 
 he raised company F, nineth regiment Minnesota volunteers; and 
 was commissioned second lieutenant. In 1865 he attained the 
 rank of major by brevet. Since 1871 he has been president of 
 banks: and served four years each in 1882-89 in the Minnesota 
 state legislature and in the state senate. He then settled in River- 
 side, Cal. In 1903-05 he was a representative from California 
 to the fifty-eigth congress as a republican. 
 
 Darling 1 , Flora Adams, founder general of the Daughters of 
 the Revolution, was born July 25, 1840, in Lancaster, N.H. She is 
 a member of the well-known Adams family, and inherits many 
 traits of her ancestors. Her husband, General Darling, was killed 
 while serving: in the confederate army. She is the author of A 
 Wayward Winning Woman ; The Bourbon Lily ; Was it a Just 
 Verdict; A Social Diplomat; From Two Points of Views; The 
 Senator's Daughters; and Letters or Memoirs of the Civil War; 
 and other novels. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 113 
 
 Darton, Nelson Horatio, geologist, lecturer, inventor, author, 
 was born Dee. 17, 1865, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He is the inventor of 
 various chemical processes ; has lectured at various colleges ; and 
 is a member of many scientific societies in America and Europe. 
 He is geologist on the United States geological survey at Wash- 
 ington, D.C. He is the author of Geology of Central Great Plains; 
 Artesian Waters in the Dakotas ; Geology of Western Nebraska ; 
 Geology of Bighorn Mountains; Geology of Arkansas Valley in 
 Colorado ; Catalogue of Contributions to North American Geol- 
 ogy in 1732 to 1891 ; Geology of Southern Black Hills ; and other 
 Monographs. 
 
 Dassler, Charles P. W., lawyer, author, was born April 3, 1852, 
 in St. Louis, Mo. Since 1873 he has practiced law in Leavenworth, 
 Kan.; has been city attorney for two terms; served in the city 
 council for two terms, and was president one year; and also 
 served as president of the board of education for two terms. He 
 is the author of Dassler 's Kansas Digest; Dassler's Kansas Stat- 
 utes; and Leavenworth City Ordinances; and also editor and 
 compiler of a number of other legal works ; and resides in Leaven- 
 worth. Kan. 
 
 Daugherty, James A., farmer, jurist, state legislator, was born 
 Aug. 30, 1847, in McMinn county, Tenn. He received his edu- 
 cation in the public schools of Eeast Tennessee; and in 1867 
 moved to Missouri. In 1891-95 he served two terms as judge of 
 the county court of Jasper county; and in 1896 he was elected 
 a member of the Missouri state legislature. He has taken an act- 
 ive part in public affairs ; and he is also a successful farmer and 
 stock raiser of Webb City, Mo. ; and has filled several positions 
 of trust and honor. 
 
 Daugherty, Silas Davis, educator, clergyman, was born April 
 17, 1857. near Sewicksburg, Pa. He was educated at the Pennsyl- 
 vania college and Gettysburg theological seminary. For five terms 
 he taught in the public schools of Pennsylvania ; and then served 
 as pastor of various Lutheran churches. In 1901-08 he was super- 
 intendent of missions of the Lutheran church, city of Philadelphia ; 
 and is a representative of the Lutheran church in its mission 
 work in Buenos Aires, S'.A. 
 
 Davenport, Bennett Franklin, physician, surgeon, scientist, 
 was born May 28, 1845. in Cambridge. Mass. He graduated from 
 Harvard university with the degrees of A.B., A.M. and M. D.; 
 also received the degree of M.D. from Columbia university of 
 New York City: and was for a year a student at the university 
 of Tudnsren. Germany, In 1879-86 he filled the chair of chemistry 
 in the Massachusetts college of pharmacy; was chemist to the 
 Massachusetts state board of health in 1882-92; dairy inspector 
 
114 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 for the city of Boston in 1882-85 ; and state dairy bureau in 1892- 
 1900. 
 
 Davenport, S. A., lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 15, 1834, in 
 Schuyler county, N.Y. He was elected district attorney for the 
 county of Erie, Pa. ; and is now a practicing attorney in the city 
 of Erie Pa., In 1888 he was elected 'district delegate of the Repub- 
 lican national convention held at Chicago ; and in 1892 was elected 
 one of the delegates at large to the national republican conven- 
 tion held at Minneapolis. He was elected to the fifty-fifth and 
 fifty-sixth congresses from the state of Pennsylvania at large as 
 a republican ; and resides in Erie, Pa. 
 
 Davie, John R., merchant, miner, lawyer, public official, 
 founder, was born June 24, 1850, in Crescent, N.Y. In 1892 he 
 organized the Davie ferry transportation company, operating be- 
 tween Oakland and San Francisco, in opposition to the Southern 
 pacific railroad company, fares being reduced from fifteen cents 
 to five cents. He built the first wharf in Oakland on disputed ter- 
 ritory; successfully resisted an armed force employed by the 
 railroad company; and the result of the railroads claim, which 
 he contested through the state and federal courts, resulted in 
 restoring to the city of Oakland control and possession of the en- 
 tire water front within the state limits. In 1895 he was elected 
 mayor of Oakland ; and during his term great improvements were 
 made. He was the founder of the Merchant's exchange of Oak- 
 land ; and in 1904 organized and became president of the California 
 co-operative meat company; and is now operating mines in Mex- 
 ico. 
 
 Davies, William Gilbert, member grand army of the republic, 
 was born March 21, 1842, in New York city. He was educated at 
 Trinity college of Hartford, Conn. ; and at the university of Leip- 
 zic, Germany. He has been general solicitor of the Mutual life in- 
 surance company of New York; and commissioner for widening 
 and extending Elm street of New York city. Since 1888 he has 
 been a member of James Monroe post, number 607, Grand Army 
 of the Republic ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 Davis, David, vocalist, composer, was born May 3, 1855, in 
 South Wales. He became a skilled mechanical artisan of Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. About 1875 he began the study of vocalism; and in 
 1877 returned to his native country and entered into the univer- 
 sity of Wales, where he studied for three years. In 1880 he 
 established himself as a teacher of singing and harmony in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, where he now has one of the most select schools of 
 its character in the west. He makes a specialty of preparing 
 pupils for church choirs, concerts and oratories. He is a director 
 of the Cincinnati Welsh choral society; and for nearly twenty 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 115 
 
 years has been a tenor in the Plum street Jewish temple. Since 
 1900 he has been tenor and choirmaster in the Grace protestant 
 episcopal church of Avondale. He has appeared in numerous con- 
 certs in London ; and in many of the principal cities of the United 
 States. 
 
 Davis, Harry E., state representative of Rhode Island, was 
 born May 1, 1868, in Northboro, Mass. He graduated from the 
 Blackstone high school. He is a successful business man of Woon- 
 socket, R.I. ; and is an extensive dealer in coal, wood, coke, ice 
 and cement. For thirteen years he was associated with the late 
 Hon. Leroy L. Chilson, former state senator who was engaged in 
 the stationery business ; and since 1898 has been part proprietor 
 of the New England coal company of Woonsocket, R.I. He is a 
 state representative in the Rhode Island state legislature ; is now 
 serving his second term of 1909-10; and resides in Woonsocket, 
 R.I. 
 
 Davis, John Merrill, soldier, educator, clergyman, college presi- 
 dent, was born Nov. 16, 1846, in Harrisonville, Ohio. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 state ; in 1873 graduated from the Ohio university at Athens, and 
 has received the degrees of Ph.D. and D.D. During the civil war 
 he served seven months as a private in the one hundred and 
 eighty-eighth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry. In 1872-74 he 
 taught in the Ohio university; and in 1874-78 taught in the Ridge- 
 ville college of Indiana. Since 1879 he has filled a professorship 
 in the Rio Grande college of Ohio ; and since 1877 has been presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Davis, Thomas Kirby, clergyman, librarian, was born Feb. 11, 
 1826, in Chambersburg, Pa. In 1845 he graduated from Yale 
 college ; and in 1846-49 studied theology at Princeton theological 
 seminary. For several years he was a home missionary in Calif- 
 ornia. He has filled pastorates in Pennsylvania and Ohio. For 
 four years he was professor of languages in Vermilion institute of 
 Hayesville, Ohio ; was one of the trustees of that institution until 
 it gave place to the university of Wooster ; and has been identified 
 with the university since its inception. For nearly thirty years 
 he was a trustee and secretary of Wooster university ; and since 
 1877 has been its librarian. He is the author of several Mono- 
 graphs ; and has been a frequent contributor to periodical liter- 
 ature. 
 
 Dawson, William Mercer Owens, educator, journalist, state 
 senator, governor, was born May 21, 1853, in Bloomington, M<1., 
 within a few hundred yards of the Virginia, now the West Vir- 
 ginia line. He learned the cooper's trade; taught school; and 
 in 1873 became editor of the Preston County Journal of Kingwood, 
 
116 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 W. Va., of which publication he subsequently became proprietor. 
 In 1874-87 he was chairman of the county republican committee ; 
 and in 1881-85 and 1889-93 he was a member of the West Virginia 
 state senate. In 1891-1904 he was chairman of the republican 
 state committee ; was mayor of Kingwood ; and in 1897-1905 he 
 served two terms as secretary of state of West Virginia. In 1905- 
 09 he was governor of the state of West Virginia. 
 
 Dayton, Alston Gordon, United States district judge for West 
 Virginia, was born Oct. 18, 1857, in Philippi, W. Va. In 1878 he 
 graduated from the university of West Virginia. In 1879 he was 
 appointed to fill out an unexpired term as prosecuting attorney 
 of Upshur county, W. Va., and was elected and served as prose- 
 cuting attorney of Barbour county for a four-years' term in 1884- 
 88. He was a memeber of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses as a republican ; and was 
 re-elected to the fifty-ninth congress, but resigned in March, 1905, 
 to accept the position of United States district judge. He is now 
 United States district judge for the northern district of West 
 Virginia for the term of 1905-09 ; and resides in Philippi, W. Va. 
 
 Dayton, Charles Willoughby, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 3, 
 1846, in New York City. He was educated in the New York City 
 schools ; at the college of the City of New York ; and in 1868 he 
 graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the Columbia law school. 
 In 1868-1906 he practiced law. In 1881 he was a representative 
 in the New York state legislature; and in 1884 was presidential 
 elector and secretary of the electoral college of New York. In 
 1884-88 and 1892 he made campaign speeches in favor of Grover 
 Cleveland in New York and other states ; and in 1893-97 was post- 
 master of New York City. In 1894 he was a delegate to the New 
 York state constitutional convention ; and in 1904 was a delegate 
 to the national democratic convention. In 1882 he founded the 
 Harlem democratic club. In 1906 he was elected a justice of the 
 supreme court of the state of New York for the term ending 1920. 
 
 Deacon, Edward, business man, genealogist, was born Dec. 19, 
 1839, in England. He descended from an old Bedforshire family, 
 founded by Richard Decons, secretary to Queen Katherine of 
 Aragon and keeper of the King's Writs, 1460-1521. He was edu- 
 cated at Liverpool college. He assisted Russell Sage and Alex- 
 ander Mitchell in the building of the Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 railroad in 1866-67. He was elected director of the Consolidated 
 rolling stock company of Bridgeport, Conn. ; and became its 
 secretary and superintendent in 1886. In 1891-98 he was treas- 
 ure of the Fairfield county historical society ; and a trustee of the 
 P. T. Barnum institute of science and history of Bridgeport, Conn 
 He is the author of The Family of Meres and Some Early English 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 117 
 
 Newspapers; Ancestors of Rodman Stoddard of Woodbury; De- 
 scent of the Family of Deacon and Allied Families. 
 
 Dean, Bashford, educator, zoologist, author, was born Oct. 28, 
 1867, in New York City. He received the degrees of A.M. and 
 Ph.D. from Columbia university of New York City. He is curator 
 of fishes and reptiles in the American museum of natural history ; 
 a member of the advisory board of the New York aquarium ; pro- 
 fessor of vertebrate zoology in the Columbia university. He 
 is the author of Fishes Living and Fossil; Reports in the United 
 States and State Fish Commission publications; and numerous 
 Monographs on fossil fishes and on the embryology of fishes. 
 
 Dean, Richard Crain, naval officer, was born May 27, 1833, in 
 Harrisburg, Pa. In 1856 he was appointed assistant surgeon of 
 the United State navy. In 1895 he was retired; and in 1906 was 
 advanced to the rank of rear-admiral. 
 
 Dearth, Elmer H., journalist, insurance commissioner, was 
 born June 6, 1859, in Sangerville, Maine. He began an active ca- 
 reer in the newspaper profession with The Bangor Daily Whig 
 and Courier; and in 1883 became connected with the Pioneer 
 Press of St. Paul, Minn. For two years he was editor and busi- 
 ness manager of The Independent of Henderson; and for four 
 years prior to 1890 was the editor and proprietor of The LeSueur 
 News. In 1889-92 he was deputy insurance commissioner of the 
 state. He resigned this office at the end of three years to accept 
 a position with the Equitable life assurance society of New York 
 City, N.Y. In 1897 he received from Governor Clough the ap- 
 pointment of insurance commissioner of Minnesota. In 1898 he 
 was elected to the presidency of the National association of in- 
 surance commissioners. 
 
 Decker, David Evans, state senator of Texas, was born July 
 9, 1866, in Henderson county, Tex. He was educated at the South- 
 western university of Georgetown, Tex.; and soon attained suc- 
 cess in the practice of law. He has been county attorney of Harde- 
 man county, Tex. ; district attorney of the forty-sixth judicial dis- 
 trict of Texas; and served with distinction as a representative 
 in the Texas state legislature. He is a member of the Texas state 
 senate from the twenty-ninth district; and resides in Quanah, 
 Tex. 
 
 Deemer, Elias, United States congressman from Pennsylvania, 
 was born Jan. 3, 1838, in Bucks county, Pa. After receiving his 
 education he engaged in the mercantile business in his native 
 county; and later in Philadelphia until the civil war broke out. 
 In 1861 he enlisted as a private in company E, one hundred and 
 fourth Pennsylvania volunteers; and served in the peninsular 
 campaign. He is a member of Reno post No. 64, Grand Army of 
 
118 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the Republic ; and since 1868 has been a resident of Williamsport, 
 Pa. He engaged in the manufacture of lumber, employing between 
 five hundred and seven hundred men in his different operations; 
 and since 1894 has been president of the Williamsport National 
 Bank. In 1888-90 he was president of the common council of his 
 city ; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He 
 was a member of the fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses 
 from Pennsylvania as a republican. He was re-elected to the fifty- 
 ninth congress from the fifteenth district composed of the four 
 counties of Clinton, Lycoming, Potter and Tioga for the term of 
 1905-07 ; and resides in Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 Deems, Edward Mark, clergyman, founder, was born April 22, 
 1852, in Greensboro, N.C. In 1874 he graduated from Princeton 
 university; studied two years in the Union theological semi- 
 nary; and in 1877 graduated from Princeton seminary. He de- 
 voted his vacations to home mission work in Nevada and Colorado ; 
 and in 1877 became pastor of the presbyterian church of Long- 
 mont, Col. In 1880-90 he was pastor of the West-minister pres- 
 byterian church of New York City; and since 1890 has been 
 pastor of the First presbyterian church of Hornell, N.Y. He has 
 made two voyages to Europe ; for nine years he has been stated 
 clerk and treasurer of the Steuben presbytery; in 1877 was 
 a commissioner to the general assembly from the New York pres- 
 bytery; and in 1897 from the Steuben presbytery. He is the au- 
 thor of a biography of his father, entitled The Autobiography and 
 Memoirs of Charles F. Deems, founder and pastor of the Church 
 of Strangers in New York City, and founder of The American In- 
 stitute of Christian Pholosophy ; and also Holy Days and Holidays ; 
 and other works. 
 
 Deering, William, manufacturer, financier, philanthropist, was 
 born April 25, 1826, in Paris, Oxford county, Maine. He was edu- 
 cated at Readfield seminary. Early in life he was engaged as a 
 woolen manufacturer in Maine ; and later in the dry goods busi- 
 ness. He became a member of the wholesale and commission dry 
 goods house of Deering, Millken and company of Portland, Maine ; 
 and also of the commission house of the same name of New York 
 City. In 1873 he established himself in the harvester business at 
 Piano, 111.; and in 1880 removed to Chicago and built a larger 
 plant for the manufacture of grain, grass and corn harvesting 
 machinery. In 1894 the old firm of William Deering and company 
 took out a charter as the Deering harvesting company, which was 
 conducted by himself and his two sons and a son-in-law, and of 
 which corporation he was president ; but he had now retired from 
 active business. For over thirty years he pioneered most of the 
 recent improvements in automatic grain harvesting machinery; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 119 
 
 and the Deering harvester company is now well-known through- 
 out the civilized world. 
 
 Del Mar, Alexander, journalist, mining engineer, political eco- 
 nomist, author, was born Aug. 9, 1836, in New York City. He 
 received a thorough education at the New York university and 
 other institutions. In 1854 he edited the Daily American Times; 
 and he edited also Hunt's Merchant's Magazine in I860; edited 
 the Social Science Review in 1864; and edited the Financial Chroni- 
 cle in 1865. He organized and was director in 1866-69 of the 
 United States bureau of statistics ; and in 1876 was mining com- 
 missioner to the United States monetary commission. He has been 
 United States revenue commissioner ; commissioner to Italy, Hol- 
 land and Russia; and for thirty years he has been a successful 
 mining engineer. He is now editor of the Cambridge Encyclo- 
 paedia. He is the author of History of the Precious Metals ; His- 
 tory of Money in Ancient States; The Law of Payment; Politics 
 of Money ; and a score of other Monographs and historical works. 
 
 Demorest, William C, lawyer, banker, real estate expert, was 
 born Aug. 2, 1859, in New York City. In 1881 he graduated from 
 Columbia college with the degree of B.A. ; and two years later 
 the degree of LL.B. was conferred upon him by that institution. 
 For awhile he practiced law ; but subsequently devoted himself 
 to the business of real estate. Since 1896 he has been president 
 of Realty trust of New York City. He is a director and member 
 of the executive committee of the Fidelity trust company; presi- 
 dent of the Cleveland baking powder company ; and a director of 
 the Royal and Price baking powder companies, and of the Tartar 
 chemical company. He is treasurer and director of the State 
 realty and mortgage company; treasurer and director of Demor- 
 est and Little, incorporated ; and trustee of the Irving savings 
 institution. He is a member of the New York chamber of com- 
 merce ; a member of the New York bar association ; and a member 
 of the Metropolitan club and various other clubs and societies. 
 
 Denegre, Walter Denis, lawyer, statesman, was born June 17, 
 1858, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Jesuits' col- 
 lege of New Orleans, La. ; studied two years at St. Johns college 
 of Fordham, N.Y. ; in 1879 graduated from Harvard ; and in 1881 
 graduated from the law department of Tulane university. He 
 began the practice of law in 1881. In 1881 he was special counsel 
 for the United States before the French and American claims 
 commission. He was a leader of the independent democracy in 
 Louisiana ; in 1896 was a candidate for United States senator ; and 
 it was claimed he was elected. He is a member of the board of 
 administrators of the Tulane university educational fund; is a 
 
120 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 member of the Boston, University, Calumet, Harvard and other 
 clubs; and resides in Manchester, Mass. 
 
 Dennis, Graham Barclay, journalist, financial, inventor, was 
 born on June 1, 1855, in London, England. He was educated in 
 the Cincinnati public schools ; and in Bethany college. In 1875-77 
 he was city editor of the Dayton Journal of Ohio; and the fol- 
 lowing year was made manager. In 1879-85 he was a banker and 
 broker of Dayton, Ohio ; and in 1880-85 also published the Farmers' 
 Home. In 1885-86 he was a publisher of Spokane, Wash.; and 
 ever since then he has been a real estate and mining broker of 
 that city. In 1888-94 he was president of the Ross Park electric 
 railway ; president of the Old Dominion mining and milling com- 
 pany; president of Insurgent gold mining company; president 
 of the Warehouse and realty company and a director of various 
 other corporations. In 1904-07 he was chairman of the publicity 
 committee of Spokane, Wash. He has been president of the North- 
 western publicity league; in 1888-90 was chairman of the city 
 council ; in 1888-90 was also chairman of the school board ; and in 
 1889 was vice-president of the Northwest industrial exposition. 
 In 1894-1900 he was president of the Northwest mining asso- 
 ciation ; and is a director of the Exchange national bank. 
 
 Denney, William D., treasurer republican state committee of 
 Delaware, was born March 31, 1873, in Dover, Del. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native city ; studied at the Wil- 
 mington conference academy and at the business college. In 1904- 
 06 he was a representative and speaker in the Delaware house 
 of representatives. For three terms he was secretary of the re- 
 publican state committee of Delaware; and for three terms was 
 a member of the Kent county republican committee of Delaware. 
 He is now secretary and treasurer of the Delaware fire insurance 
 company; and prominently identified with the business and public 
 affairs of Dover, Del. He is colonel on the staff of Governor 
 Preston Lee of Delaware ; secretary to United States Senator H. 
 A. Richardson ; treasurer republican state committee of Delaware 
 and resides in Dover, Del. He was a prominent factor in the 
 election of United States Senator H. A. Du Pont ; and also in the 
 election of Hon. H. A. Richardson, United States senator from 
 Delaware. 
 
 Denny, James W., lawyer, soldier, congressman, was born in 
 Frederick country, Virginia. Enlisted when the civil war began in 
 the thirty-ninth Virginia battalion of cavalry. In 1863 was assigned 
 to duty at General R. E. Lee 's headquarters in the Judge Advocate 
 General Department, and surrendered with the Army of Northern, 
 Va., at Appomattox Court House, on the 9th of April, 1865. He 
 graduated after the war in Judge Parker's law School in Win- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 121 
 
 Chester, Va., and removed to Baltimore where has since been en- 
 gaged in the active practice of his profession. He has served the 
 city of Baltimore in various public trusts — a member of the 
 school board; president of the first branch of the city council 
 in 1882; a member of the legislature in 1888; and a democratic 
 representative in the fifty-sixth congress from the fourth congres- 
 sional district of Maryland in 1900; and again a member of the 
 fifty-eighth congress in 1904. 
 
 Dent, Albert Tatum, state senator of Mississippi, was born 
 March 25, 1863, near Macon, Miss. He was educated at the uni- 
 versity of Mississippi; and soon attained success at the bar. He 
 has been mayor of Macon; a trustee of Mississippi agricultural 
 and mechanical college ; chairman of the finance committee of 
 that board ; and a member of the executive committee. He is 
 a zealous advocate of better schools for the masses. In 1900 he 
 was elected to fill an unexpired term in the Mississippi state leg- 
 islature from Noxubee county, was re-elected for a second term; 
 and resides in Macon, Miss. 
 
 Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, lawyer, orator, railroad president, 
 United States senator, was born April 23, 1834, in Peekskill, N.Y. 
 In 1861 he was elected to the New York state legislature ; was 
 re-elected ; and he became the secretary of state. In 1875 he be- 
 came counsel of the Vanderbilt railway system; and subsequently 
 its president. He was a prominent candidate for President in the 
 national republican convention of 1888. 1899 he was elected a 
 member of the United States senate for the term ending in 1911. 
 He is the author of two works entitled Orations and After-Dinner 
 Speeches; and Later Speeches. In 1885 he became president of 
 the New York Central and Hudson River railroad. 
 
 Derby, Roswell, lawyer, horticulturist, poet, was born Feb. 4, 
 1854, in Fulton county, Ohio. For five years he was secretary and 
 attorney for the People 's mutual life insurance company of Wake- 
 man, Ohio. For many years he was engaged in seed growing at 
 Florence, Ohio; and also as a successful manufacturer of maple 
 syrup. He has attained prominence as a successful lawyer, and 
 has a lucrative practice in his state. He has contributed ex- 
 tensively both prose and verse to the periodical press ; and many 
 of his poems have been incorporated into Poets of America, and 
 standard works. 
 
 De Young, Michel Harry, journalist, publisher, was born Oct. 
 1, 1848, in St. Louis, Mo. He was educated in the public schools 
 of California. In 1865 became associated with his brother, late 
 Chas. De. Young, in establishing the Dramatic Chronicle, which 
 afterward developed into the great San Francisco Chronicle. Upon 
 his brother's death in 1880 he became editor-in-chief and sole 
 
122 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 proprietor. He is one of the leaders of the republican party in his 
 state and nation ; was twice a member of the national republican 
 committee; and for one term was its vice-chairman. In 1888 
 and in 1892 was a delegate-at-large to the national republican con- 
 ventions ; and in 1908 was chairman of the California delegation. 
 Since 1889 he has taken a prominent part in the creation and man- 
 agement of international expositions as commissioner and as vice- 
 president from his state. In 1893 he was president of the Inter- 
 national league of press clubs; since 1882 has been a director of 
 the Associate press; is president of the Union league club; and 
 a member of various other clubs and societies in his city, state and 
 nation. 
 
 Dick, Samuel Bernard, soldier, railroad president, congress- 
 man, was born Oct. 26, 1836, in Meadville, Pa. He was educated 
 at the Allegheny college. During the civil war he was colonel 
 ninth Pennsylvania regiment volunteers; and then in 1864 was a 
 presidential elector. Was mayor of his native city in 1870; and 
 commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania state militia in West 
 Virginia in 1863. In 1879-81 he was a representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the forty-sixth congress; and during 1890-1900 was 
 president Pittsburg, Shenango and Lake Erie railroad. 
 
 Dick, Samuel Medary, clergyman, author, was born April 4,- 
 1857, in Pickaway county, Ohio. In 1887 he graduated with the 
 degree of A.B. from the Ohio Wesleyan university; subsequently 
 received the degree of A.M. ; and received the degree of Ph.D. 
 from the university of Michigan. In 1891 he won the Shearman 
 prize of two hundred and fifty dollars given by the American 
 economic association for the best essay on state and local tax- 
 ation of real estate and personal property in the United States. 
 He is pastor of the Wesley methodist episcopal church at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. ; and in 1901 was a delegate to the ecumenical con- 
 ference of methodism held in London. He is the author of Short 
 Talks on Our National Flag; The Principles of Synthetic Unity 
 in Berkely and Kant; and other works. 
 
 Dickenson, John T., judge Taney county probate court of Mis- 
 souri, was born March 7, 1845, in Stafford, England. He was edu- 
 cated at the Eccleshall grammar school, and graduated under an 
 Oxford M.A. He succeded to his father's business of hardware 
 merchant at Stafford, of which city his father served with dis- 
 tinction as mayor. In 1869 he moved to London ; and ten years 
 later emigrated to New York city. In 1881 he settled in Taney 
 county, Mo. ; and soon attained success as a general merchant. He 
 was public administrator of Taney county for three terms; and 
 postmaster for sixteen years; and has filled various other posi- 
 tions of trust and honor in the gift of his city, county and state. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 123 
 
 Since 1903 he has been judge of the probate court for Taney 
 county, and is now serving his second term of 1907-10; and re- 
 sides in Dickens, Mo. 
 
 Dickerman, Charles Heber, educator, manufacturer, banker, 
 congressman, was born Feb. 3, 1843, in Harford, Pa. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools and at Harford university. He taught 
 school for several years ; he was a bookkeeper for awhile ; and 
 was then admitted to the bar. In 1868-80 he was general manager 
 of the Chapman slate company, Bethlehem, Pa. In 1880 he became 
 the secretary and treasurer of the car building firm of Murray, 
 Dougal and company of Milton, Pa., which company was absorbed 
 by another corporation. For many years he was a director of the 
 second national bank of Mauch Chunk, the Lehigh valley national 
 bank and other corporations ; and since 1897 has been president 
 of the First national bank of Milton, Pa. For three years he 
 was chairman of the democratic county committee ; and in 1892 
 was a delegate to the national democratic convention. In 1903- 
 05 he was a representative from Pennsylvania to the fifty-eighth 
 congress as a democrat ; and served on several important com- 
 mittees. 
 
 Dickie, George William, manufacturer, author, was born July 
 17, 1844, in Scotland. He took a prominent part on steamship 
 work on the Pacific coast ; also in designing machinery for the 
 Comstock mines. In 1883-1905 he was manager of the Union iron 
 works of San Francisco, Cal. He was president and is a life mem- 
 ber of the United States technical society of the Pacific coast; is 
 a member and trustee of the California academy of sciences; is 
 a member of the council of the society of naval architects and 
 marine engineers ; and has been a member of the council of the 
 American society of mechanical engineers. He is the author of 
 Pumping and Hoisting Works ; and numerous papers before tech- 
 nical societies. 
 
 Dickie, Samuel, astronomer, prohibitionist, college president, 
 was born June 6, 1851, in Oxford county, Canada. In 1872 he 
 graduated from Albion college of Michigan with the degrees of 
 M.S. and LL.D. In 1877-78 he was professor of astronomy at 
 Albion college ; and in 1877-87 was engaged in business. In 1896- 
 97 he was mayor of Albion, Mich. In 1892, 1896, 1900 and 1904 
 he was a lay delegate to the general conference of the methodist 
 episcopal church. In 1887-1900 he was vice-president and since 
 1900 has been president of the national prohibition committee. 
 In 1886 he was prohibition candidate for governor of Michigan. 
 Since 1901 he has been president of Albion college. 
 
 Dickinson, Marquis Fayette, educator, lawyer, author, was born 
 Jan. 16, 1840, in Amherst, Mass. He is descended from Nathaniel 
 
124 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Dickinson, one of the Winthrop colony of 1630, who settled 
 Weathersfield, Conn., and in 1658 was one of the adventurers who 
 founded the town of Hadley, Mass. He was a teacher of classics 
 in the Williston seminary during 1862-65. He has been pres- 
 ident of the Nashawannuck manufacturing company, and a di- 
 rector of the Williston mills, both of Easthampton, Mass. ; and 
 president of the Whitcomb envelope company. He is now a noted 
 lawyer of Boston, Mass. ; and president of the Boston common 
 council in 1872. He is the author of Legislation on the Hours of 
 Labor; and Amherst Centennial Address. 
 
 Diefendorf, Allen Ross, physician, author, was born Dec. 21, 
 1871, in Savannah, N.Y. Since 1896 he has practiced medicine; 
 and is now lecturer in psychiatry at Yale university. He is the 
 author of Clinical psychiatry. 
 
 Diefendorf, Warren T., merchant, insurance manager, was born 
 March 8, 1860, in Sharon Springs, N.Y. He was educated in the 
 high school at Canajoharie, N.Y. ; and at the Fort Plain seminary, 
 N.Y. He became part owner in a dry goods store, organized the 
 Garment manufacturing company; and in 1887 retired from mer- 
 cantile pursuits to enter the insurance field as special agent of 
 the Mutual life insurance company of New York. In that capacity 
 he has traveled in various states; and since 1889 has been man- 
 ager of the Brooklyn and Long Island agency of the company. 
 He is a director of the Borough bank of Brooklyn; is a director 
 of the Kings county mortgage company; and a director in vari- 
 ous other corporations. 
 
 Diggs, James R. L., president state university of Kentucky, 
 was born in November, 1867, in Upper Marlboro, Md. He was 
 educated at Wayland seminary of Washington, D.C. ; attended 
 Bucknell university, Cornell university and Illinois Wesleyan uni- 
 versity. He has attained eminence as an educator and minister. 
 In 1886-90 he was a teacher in the public schools of Maryland; 
 and in 1890-94 was instructor in Wayland seminary of Washing- 
 ton, D.C. In 1898-1906 he was professor of Latin and instructor 
 in philosophy at the Virginia union university of Richmond, Va. 
 In 1905-07 he was state secretary of the Niagara movement for 
 Virginia; and since 1907 state secretary of the movement for 
 Kentucky. Since 1906 he has been president of the state uni- 
 versity of Kentucky ; and resides in Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Dillingham, John Hoag, educator, author, was born June 1, 
 1839, in West Falmouth, Mass. He was educated at the Lawrence 
 academy of Falmouth; and in 1862 he graduated from Harvard 
 college. In 1865-78 he was professor of moral and political science 
 at the Haverford college of Pennsylvania ; and he since 1878 has 
 been a teacher in the Friends' select school of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 125 
 
 In 1881-98 he was librarian of the Friends' library; and also 
 custodian of records. Since 1898 he has been editor of the Friend 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and has held numerous other positions of 
 trust and honor. 
 
 Dillon, John Forrest, lawyer, jurist, author, was born on Dec. 
 25, 1831, in Washington county, N.Y. In 1858-66 he was judge 
 of the seventh judicial district of Iowa ; in 1864-68 was associate 
 justice of the supreme court of Iowa ; in 1868 became chief justice ; 
 and in 1869 was commissioned United States circuit judge for 
 the eighth judicial circuit. Since 1879 he has resided in New 
 York City. He is the author of United States Circuit Court 
 Reports ; Municipal Corporations ; Removal of Causes from State 
 to Federal Courts ; Municipal Bonds ; and Laws and Jurisprudence 
 of England and America. 
 
 Dixon, George William, state senator of Illinois, was born in 
 Chicago, 111. He was educated in the public schools and at the 
 West Division high school of Chicago; in 1889 graduated with 
 degree of A.B. from the Northwestern university; and in 1892 
 received the degree of LL.B. from the law school of that great 
 institution of learning. For five years he was engaged in the 
 practice of law; but is now connected with the Arthur Dixon 
 transfer company of Chicago as secretary and treasurer. He 
 is colonel in the Illinois national guard ; and was a member on the 
 staff of Governor Richard Yates with rank of colonel. He is a 
 member of the Illinois state senate for the first and second wards 
 of Chicago; and resides in Chicago, HI. 
 
 Dixon, James Main, educator, author, was born in 1856 
 in Scotland. He has been a professor of English literature in 
 the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, since 1905. 
 and is the author of A Dictionary of Idiomatic English Phrases, 
 Matthew Arnold as a Christian Poet, etc. 
 
 Dixon, Samuel Gibson, president of Academy of Natural 
 Sciences of Philadelphia, was born March 23, 1851, in Philadelphia, 
 Pa. He graduated from the Mantua academy and from the Mer- 
 cantile college; in 1877 was admitted to the bar; and in 1886 
 graduated in medicine from the university of Pennsylvania. In 
 1880 he became professor of bacteriology and microscopical tech- 
 nology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; was 
 made curator in 1891 ; executive curator in 1892; and president in 
 1896. In 1898 he was a member of the board of public education 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. He is vice-president of the Ludwick in- 
 stitute of Philadelphia ; vice-president of the anti-tuberculosis so- 
 ciety of Pennsylvania ; and a member of the American philosophical 
 society and various other medical and scientific associations. He 
 is one of the founders of the Geographical society of Philadelphia. 
 
126 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Since 1896 he has been president of the Academy of Natural 
 Sciences of Philadelphia, Pa.; and since 1905 has been commis- 
 sioner of health of Pennsylvania ; and resides in Ardmore, Pa. 
 
 Dodge, Melvin Gilbert, librarian, editor, author, was born Feb. 
 17, 1868, in Rodman, N.Y. In 1890 he graduated from Hamilton 
 college; and in 1894 received the degree of A.M. from that in- 
 stitution of learning. In 1891-1901 he was librarian of Hamilton 
 college; and since 1901 has been associate librarian of the Stan- 
 ford university of California. He is a member of the American 
 library association. He is the editor of Fifty Years Ago ; compiled 
 Class of 1890, Hamilton College; and was also editor-in-chief of 
 The Delta Upsilum Decennial Catalogue. 
 
 Dole, Nathan Haskell, author, poet, was born Aug. 31, 1852, 
 in Chelsea, Mass. He is the author of A Score of Famous Com- 
 posers ; The Hawthorn Tree and Other Poems ; Not Angels Quite ; 
 History of the Turko-Russian War of 1877-1878 ; On the Point, a 
 Summer Idyl; Flowers from Foreign Gardens; Omar, the Tent- 
 maker ; Tale of Old Persia ; Mistakes We Make ; and other works. 
 
 Dolge, Alfred, manufacturer, was born Dec. 22, 1848, in Ger- 
 many. He is now the head of the firm of Alfred Dolge and son ; 
 a partner in C. F. Zimmerman and company, manufacturers of 
 autoharps; and Daniel Green and company. He is second vice- 
 president of The Little Falls and Dolgeville railroad ; and in New 
 York City is trustee of the German savings bank. The village 
 of Dolgeville, founded by him, has become the model industrial 
 town of America. 
 
 Donovan, Dennis D., educator, merchant, congressman, was 
 born Jan. 31, 1859, near Texas, Ohio. He attended the Northern 
 Indiana normal school of Valparaiso, Ind. ; he taught school for 
 three years ; and then engaged in mercantile and timber business. 
 He was appointed the postmaster at Deshler by President Cleve- 
 land, which position he resigned when elected to the legislature 
 from Henry county in 1887; and was re-elected to the legis- 
 lature in 1889. In 1891-95 he was a representative from Indiana 
 to the fifty-second and fifty-third congresses as a democrat. 
 
 Donovan, Joseph M., lawyer, author, was born April 28, 1866, 
 in Littleton, N.H. He graduated from the Georgetown Univer- 
 sity, Washington, D.C., with the degree of A.M., and from the 
 Law Department same institution in 1889 with the degree of LL.B. 
 He at once took up the practice of law in Sioux Falls, S.D., where 
 he has attained distinction as an able lawyer. He is the author 
 of Marriage and Divorce; Domestic Relations; Domicile; and 
 other legal works. 
 
 Dortch, Elam Sparks, state senator of Louisiana, was born Sept. 
 15, 1841, in Claiborne county, Miss. He graduated from Minden 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 127 
 
 college of Louisiana. He is a successful cotton planter of Taylor- 
 town, La. ; and prominently identified with the business and public 
 affairs of that city. He has been president of the police jury; a 
 justice of the peace ; and for twenty years a member of the school 
 board for Bosier Parish. Since 1900 he has been a member of 
 the Louisiana state senate for the twenty-third district, and was 
 re-elected for second term; and resides in Taylortown, La. 
 
 Dougherty, Hugh, banker, statesman, was born July 28, 1844, 
 in Darke county, Ohio. He served as a union soldier during the 
 civil war, enlisting as a member of company F, ninety-fourth reg- 
 iment of Ohio volunteer infantry. He was made prisoner of war, 
 and sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, until his exchange. After his 
 military career he entered business pursuits ; became assistant 
 cashier in the First national bank of Bluffton, of which his uncle, 
 John Studabaker, was president. The title of this bank was sub- 
 sequently changed to the Studabaker bank, of which institution 
 Mr. Dougherty has been president since 1895. He was largely 
 instrumental in the building of several railroads, and has been 
 active and liberal in the promotion of all material interests in 
 his city and county, and has been equally conspicuous in advancing 
 the cause of education and morality. In 1870 he was elected 
 to the Indiana state senate ; and served with distinction in that 
 body. In 1878 he was a candidate for congress; and was a dele- 
 gate to the democratic national convention in 1884 and again in 
 1892. 
 
 Douglas, Edward Morehouse, topographic engineer United 
 States geological survey, was born Sept. 6, 1855, in Saratoga 
 Springs, N. Y. He was educated at Cambridge college of New 
 York; and is a civil and topographic engineer by profession. He 
 has been assistant engineer to the Erie railroad topographer ; and 
 in 1882-97 was on the United States geological survey. Since 1897 
 he has been the geographer and chief of United States geological 
 survey; and resides in Takoma Park, D.C. 
 
 Douglas, William Lewis, manufacturer, governor, was born 
 Aug. 22, 1845, in Plymouth, Mass. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Massachusetts. He learned the trade of bootmaking 
 at Hopkinton and South Braintree, Mass. ; in 1869 he began the 
 manufacture of shoes with a small shop ; and is now the owner 
 of two factories and of seventy-five retail stores in the large cities 
 of the United States. In 1883-84 he was a member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts house of representatives; and in 1886-87 was a mem- 
 ber of the state senate. In 1891 he was mayor of Brockton, Mass. 
 In 1905-06 he was governor of Massachusetts. In 1884, 1892, 1896 
 and 1904 he was a delegate to the national democratic conventions. 
 
 Drayton, Henry Sinclair, physician, author, was born Sept. 16, 
 
128 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1840, in Jersey City, N.J. In 1861-64 he practiced law in New 
 York; and in 1877 was graduated from the New York Electric 
 Medical College; and practiced medicine successfully in New 
 York City. He is the author of Brain and Mind ; Light and Dark 
 Places; Studies of Mind and Character; Human Magnetism; 
 Oudemon, and other books. 
 
 Dresser, Horatio Willis, journalist, educator, author, was horn 
 Jan. 15, 1866, in Yarmouth, Maine. In 1899 he was associate 
 editor of the Arena of Boston, Mass. ; and since 1893 has been a 
 lecturer on practical philosophy, and assistant in philosophy, 
 Harvard University since 1903. He is the author of The Power of 
 Silence ; The Perfect Whole ; The Heart of It ; In Search of a Soul ; 
 Voices of Hope ; and Methods and Problems of Spiritual Healing ; 
 Voices of Freedom ; Living by the Spirit ; The Christ Ideal ; Edu- 
 cation and the Philosophical Ideal ; Man and the Divine Order ; A 
 Book of Secrets ; The Greatest Truth ; The Philosophy of the Spirit ; 
 A Physician to the Soul ; A Message to the Well. 
 
 Drury John Benjamin, clergyman, lecturer, author, was born 
 Aug. 15. 1838, in Rhinebeck, N.Y. He attended the Rhinebeck 
 academy, Rutgers college and the New Brunswick theological 
 seminary ; and has received the degree of D.D. He has been presi- 
 dent of the general synod of the reformed church of America ; was 
 Vedder lecturer in 1883; and since 1887 he has been editor of 
 Christian Intelligencer of New York City. He is the author of 
 Historical Sketch of the First Reformed Church of Ghent; His- 
 torical Sketch of the Reformed Dutch Church at Rhinebeck, N.Y. ; 
 Truths and Untruths of Evolution ; and other works. 
 
 Duane, Alexander, physician, author, was born Sept. 1, 1858, 
 in Malone, N.Y. Since 1881 he has practiced his profession in 
 New York City. During the Spanish-American war he served 
 as lieutenant in the United States navy, in charge of the second 
 district coast signal service. He is the author of Student's Medi- 
 cal Dictionary; Rules for Signaling on Land and Sea; and is 
 editor and translator of Fuchs' Textbook of Ophthalmology. 
 
 Dudley, James Benson, educator, college president, was born 
 Nov. 2, 1859, in Wilmington, N.C. In 1880-96 he was principal of 
 the Peabody school at Wilmington, N.C. Since 1898 he has been 
 president of the agricultural and mechanical college at Greenboro, 
 N.C. 
 
 Dudley, James G., lawyer, politician, orator, was born April 
 8. 1848. in Hannibal, Mo. He was educated at the public schools 
 at St. Louis, Mo. He has attained distinction as a profound law- 
 yer and a successful advocate ; and has been counsel in the lead- 
 ing civil and criminal cases in Texas, in which state he has a law 
 office in Paris. He has filled all the political offices of honor in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 129 
 
 the democratic party of his state ; and as a platform speaker and 
 orator has gained a national reputation. In 1896-1900 he was a 
 member of the national democratic committee ; and in 1908 was 
 a delegate to the Denver convention. In 1909 he was appointed 
 a member of the board to revise, codify and annotate the laws of 
 the state of Texas. 
 
 Dulin, George Dexter, state representative of Colorado, was 
 born Dec. 13, 1865, in Scott county, Iowa. He was educated at 
 the William Jewell college and at the university of Missouri; 
 and graduated in medicine from the Beaumont medical college 
 of St. Louis, Mo. He has attained success in the practice of his 
 profession ; has been county physician ; and served as mayor of 
 Las Animas, Colo. Since 1902 he has been a representative in 
 the Colorado state legislature ; and resides in Las Animas, Colo. 
 
 Du Mazuel, Edmond G. F. R., consulting engineer, was born 
 in 1876 in Paris, France. Since 1902 he has been engaged in 
 New York City, doing private bridge work ; was engaged on topo- 
 graphical work on Long Island ; and was chief of the engineering 
 department of the Iroquois construction company and of the 
 Niagara, Lockport and Ontario power company. He became one 
 of the promoters of the Consolidated engineering company of 
 America, of which he has been president since 1906. He was the 
 designer, architect and engineer of the St. Edmund's church of 
 New York city, the first reenforced-concrete church in America. 
 
 Dumont, Charles Walter, law publisher, was born in 1860 in 
 Juneau, Wis. He was educated at the university of Wisconsin; 
 and for six years was principal and superintendent of various pub- 
 lic high schools in Wisconsin. He is now president and manager 
 of the American law book company of New York City. He was 
 the originator of the idea of the Cyclopedia of Law and Procedure 
 Cyc, a forty-volume work. He has visited most of the European 
 countries; is a member of the New York athletic and Northport 
 yacht clubs; and a member of the Empire state society sons of 
 the American revolution. 
 
 Duncanson, Henry Bruce, educator, biologist, author, was born 
 Feb. 4. 1860, in Scotland county, Mo. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Ohio and Nebraska; and attended the state nor- 
 mal school of Nebraska; studied in the Nebraska state univer- 
 sity ; and also attended the university of Leipzig. For two years 
 he was instructor in the Nebraska state university; and for seven- 
 teen years he has been professor of biology at the Nebraska state 
 normal school. He is the author of Suggestive Lessons in Elemen- 
 tary Zoology: and other works. 
 
 Dunham, William Russell, physician, author, was born Dec. 15, 
 1832, in Chesterfield, N.H. Was educated in the public and private 
 
130 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 schools of New England ; and attended Berkshire medical college ; 
 in 1865 graduated from the medical school of Harvard university. 
 Until 1876 he practiced medicine at Westmoreland, N.H. ; and 
 since then at Keene, N.H., but has now retired from active practice. 
 He is versed in astronomy; and has invented ingenious astro- 
 nomical apparatus. For four years he was a member of the ex- 
 amining board of military surgeons for pensions; and has filled 
 various other positions of trust and honor. He is the author of 
 Theory of Medical Science ; and many valuable medical pamphlets. 
 
 Dunlap, Henry M., state senator of Illinois, was born Nov. 14, 
 1853, in Cook county, 111. For twelve years he was either sec- 
 retary or president of the Illinois state horticultural society ; and 
 has been president of the American Apple growers' congress since 
 its organization in 1902. He is proprietor of the Rural Home 
 fruit farm of Savoy, 111. ; president of the Illinois orchard com- 
 pany, which operates twelve hundred acres in orchards in four 
 counties of Illinois. He is a well-known grower, packer and 
 shipper of apples of Illinois at Savoy ; and prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of his city, county and state. 
 Since 1892 he has been a member of the Illinois state senate for 
 the counties of Champaign, Moultrie and Piatt ; and was re-elected 
 to his fourth and fifth terms; and resides near Savoy, 111. 
 
 Dunlap, Mrs. Nora Burt, wife of state senator Henry M. Dunlap 
 of Savoy, 111., was born Feb. 5, 1856, in Coshocton county, Ohio. 
 She graduated from the high school; and for two years attended 
 the university of Illinois. For ten years she has appeared before 
 the state federation of women's clubs, state and county farm- 
 ers' institutes and boards of education; and is a noted lecturer 
 on household science and domestic economy. 
 
 Dunn, James H., physician, surgeon, was born May 29, 1853, 
 in Fort Wayne, Ind. In 1871 he graduated from the medical de- 
 partment of the university of New York City; and took a two 
 years, post-graduate study at Heidelberg and Vienna. He has 
 been professor of clinical surgery in the medical department of 
 the university of Minnesota; surgeon to St. Mary's hospital of 
 Minneapolis ; to the city hospital ; the Asbury Methodist hospital, 
 and consulting surgeon to the Great northern railroad company. 
 He has been president of the Minnesota state medical association. 
 
 Dunnell, William Nichols, clergyman, was born Feb. 3, 1825, 
 in New York City. In 1859-71 he was rector of Trinity church 
 of Red Bank, N.J. ; and since 1871 has been rector of All Sants' 
 church of New York City. For the past twenty-five years he has 
 been chaplain of the twenty-second regiment New York national 
 guard; and has filled various other offices. For nearly half a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 131 
 
 century he has been actively engaged in the ministry; and has 
 published sermons and contributed to religious literature. 
 
 Dunscomb, Samuel Whitney, lawyer, author, was born Jan. 11, 
 1868, in New York City. In 1888 he graduated from the col- 
 lege City of New York; and was valedictorian of his class . He 
 also graduated from the Columbia university; and received the 
 degrees of A.M., LL.B. and Ph.D. from that institution of learn- 
 ing. In 1890-93 he was S'eligman fellow in political science and 
 a student in the school of law in Columbia university ; and gradu- 
 ated from both institutions of learning. Since 1893 he has been 
 in general practice in corporation and commercial law; and in 
 1899 was an attorney in the law department of the Title guaran- 
 tee and trust company of New York City. He resides in Yonkers, 
 N.Y. ; and maintains a law office in New York City. He is a mem- 
 ber of the New York bar association, the American academy of 
 political and social science, the American geographical society, 
 American numismatic society; and various other scientific asso- 
 ciations. He is the author of Bankruptcy, a Study in Com- 
 parative Legislation ; and is a contributor to legal and economical 
 journals. 
 
 Dunton, Minnie Priest, librarian of the state of Idaho. Since 
 1907 she has been state librarian for the state of Idaho; and re- 
 sides in Boise, Idaho. 
 
 Dunwell, Charles Tappan, United States congressman from 
 New York, was born Feb. 13, 1852, in Newark, Wayne county, 
 N.Y. He was educated at Lyons Union school; Cornell univer- 
 sity and Columbia college law school. He practiced law for 
 many years in New York city; became general agent for the 
 New York life insurance company in 1889 ; and was a member of 
 the New York republican state committee in 1891-92. He was a 
 member of the fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses from New 
 fork as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress 
 from the third district of New York for the term of 1907-09 ; and 
 resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 Du Pont, Henry Algernon, soldier, railroad president, United 
 States senator, was born July 30, 1838, in Wilmington, Del. He 
 served through the civil war ; and received the rank of lieutenant- 
 colonel. In 1879 he became president of the Wilmington and 
 northern railroad company. In 1905-11 he was a member of the 
 United States senate. 
 
 Dustin, William G., postmaster of Dwight, 111. ; was born June 
 7, 1850, in Corinth, Vt. He is the editor of the Star and Herald 
 and also the Banner, the official organ of Sons of Veterans, U. 
 S. A., of Dwight, 111. ; is prominent in republican politics ; and was 
 a delegate to the state conventions of 1892, 1896 and 1904. In 
 
132 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1896 he was elected commander of the Illinois division sons of 
 veterans ; and in 1904 was elected national commander of the 
 Sons of Veterans. He has served eight years as postmaster of 
 Dwight, and is now serving his third term of 1905-09; and re- 
 sides in Dwight, 111. 
 
 Dutton, William Jay, insurance president, was born Jan. 23, 
 1847, in Bangor, Maine. In 1867 he became connected with the 
 marine department of the Fireman's fund insurance company of 
 San Francisco, Cal. ; and since 1900 has been its president. 
 
 D'Vys, George Whitefield, author, poet, was born March 16, 
 1860, in Boston, Mass. He was educated in the Emerson school 
 and the Boston latin school. He has been engaged in educational 
 and mercantile pursuits ; and since 1900 has been engaged in 
 newspaper work and literature. He is the author of nearly five 
 hundred short stories mostly for boys, and chiefly salt sea yarns. 
 He is also the author of the well-known epic entitled Casey at 
 the Bat. He is the author of Runt Osgood, a tale of adventure ; 
 The Fiji 's Mate ; and other works. 
 
 Dwyer, Jeremiah, manufacturer, founder, was born Aug. 22, 
 1838, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He was educated in the common schools 
 of Dertoit, Mich. Then he learned the foundry trade; and worked 
 in several shops with his brother. In 1861 he organized the firm 
 of J. Dwyer and son, which became the Detroit stove works. In 
 1869 he sold his interests; and in 1871 established the Michigan 
 stove works, of which he is still president. He is a director of 
 the Buck stove and range company ; a director of the Ideal manu- 
 facturing company; and a director of the People's savings bank 
 of Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Dyatt, Hugh, miner, founder, statesman, was born July 19, 
 1850, in Ireland. His early days were spent in agricultural pur- 
 suits; and in 1877 moved to Colorado, where he has since been 
 principally engaged in mining. In 1892 he was elected a member 
 of the ninth general assembly of the state of Colorado, receiving 
 the unanimous nomination of both republican and populist con- 
 ventions. He is a man of strong convictions, and takes advanced 
 ground in all public matters; and is interested in everything per- 
 taining to the public welfare of his state. He has been success- 
 ful in his mining operations and owns extensive property near 
 Leadville, Colo. He was the organizer of the Merchants state 
 bank of Almena, and is its vice-president. In 1898 he was a can- 
 didate for the Colorado state senate. 
 
 Eastman, Charles Rochester, scientist, author, was born June 
 5, 1868, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is a scientist of Harvard uni- 
 versity; and curator in the Museum of comparative zoology. He 
 edited and translated from the German of Karl von Zittel a Text 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 133 
 
 book of Palaeontology ; and is the author of technical Monographs. 
 
 Eaton, George Howard, banker, state senator, was born March 
 14, 1848, in Milltown, N.B. In I860 he graduated from Phillips 
 academy of Andover, Mass. ; and in 1870 graduated from Am- 
 herst college of Massachusetts. For many years he was president 
 of the Calais national bank; and is now president of the Inter- 
 national trust and banking company. He is a trustee of the 
 Bangor theological seminary ; and a trustee of the library of 
 Calais, Maine. In 1901-04 he served two terms as a representative 
 in the Maine state legislature ; and in 1906-07 he was a member of 
 the Maine state senate. 
 
 Eddy, Mrs. Mary Baker Glover, author. She is a resident of 
 Concord, N.H., widely known as the founder of the sect of chris- 
 tian scientists. She has published a number of pamphlets on the 
 general subject of christian science. She has lectured extensively 
 throughout the United States on christian science; and has also 
 contributed extensively to current publications. She has been 
 president of the Massachusetts Metaphysical college ; editor and 
 proprietor of The Christian Science Journal founded in 1883 ; 
 and is pastor emeritus of The First Church of Christ, Scientist, 
 with a total membership of sixteen thousand of the mother church 
 in Boston, Mass. She is the author of the Christian Science text- 
 book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which has 
 reached its one hundred and eighty-third edition. 
 
 Eden, John Rice, lawyer, congressman, was born Feb. 1, 1826, 
 in Bath county, Ky. He was educated in the public schools of 
 Rush county, Ind. ; and there taught school and studied law. In 
 1856-60 he was state's attorney for the seventh district of Illi- 
 nois; and attained success in the practice of law in Sullivan, 111. 
 In 1863-65, 1873-79, and 1885-87 he was a representative from Il- 
 linois to the thirty-eighth, the forty-third, forty-fourth, forty- 
 fifth and forty-ninth congresses as a democrat. In 1868 he was 
 the democratic nominee for governor of Illinois. He was one 
 of the commissioners that secured the land connected with the 
 Watertown hospital and procured the erection of the building 
 and fixtures. He still practices law in Sullivan, 111. 
 
 Edmunds, Henry Reeves, lawyer, was born Jan. 17, 1840, in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. In 1861 he began the practice of law ; made a 
 special study of marine law ; and for more than twenty-five years 
 has represented the vessel owners and captains' association as 
 counsel. Since 1883 he has been United States commissioner. 
 He is a director of the American dredging company; and is also 
 president of the board of public education of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Edwards, David Calvin, United States congressman from Ken- 
 tucky, was born July 13, 1861, in Appanoose county, Iowa. He 
 
134 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 was educated in the common schools of Iowa and Kansas, and 
 the university of Holton, Kan. In 1892 he located in Laurel 
 county, Ky., and is engaged in manufacturing and the wholesale 
 lumber business. He was clerk and master commissioner of the 
 Laurel circuit court in 1898-1903. He was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth congress. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress from 
 the eleventh district of Kentucky for the term of 1907-09; and 
 resides in London, Ky. 
 
 Edwards, John H., state senator of Rhode Island, was born 
 Jan. 6, 1846, in West Greenwich, R.I. He was educated at the 
 Greenwich seminary and at the Connecticut literary institution. 
 He is an eminent clergyman of Exeter, R. I. ; has been town clerk ; 
 school commissioner; superintendent of schools; chairman state 
 board of public roads; and has filled various other positions of 
 trust and honor. Since 1901 he has been a member of the Rhode 
 Island state senate ; and resides in Exeter, R.I. 
 
 Edwards, Wakeman W., lawyer, legislator, jurist, author, was 
 born Sept. 13, 1826, in Charlton, N.Y. In 1850 he graduated 
 from the Union college, Schenectady, with honors, being third 
 in his class; and in 1851 moved south, and taught a classical 
 school in Camden, Miss. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar; 
 and moved to Arkansas, where he practiced until the civil war. 
 Orleans, and then at Abbeville. He has been judge of the twenty- 
 In 1858 he was a representative in the Arkansas state legislature. 
 In 1865 he moved to Louisiana; practiced law first in New 
 fifth judicial district court of Louisiana; and has had the man- 
 agement of all the public schools of the county under his charge. 
 He is the author of various fugitive articles in current literature. 
 Eells, Richard Latimer, merchant, broker, was born in 1839, 
 in Simsbury, Conn. He was educated at the Westfield academy 
 of Massachusetts; and took a business course at Hartford, Conn. 
 He was for some time engaged in the dry goods business; and 
 then became a gold and stock broker of New York City. He is 
 a member of the Hartford city guard; a member of the Pros- 
 pects Heights citizens' association; and a member of the Brooklyn 
 league club. 
 
 Ehrmann, George Alexander, scientist, author, was born Feb. 
 2, 1862, in Pittsburg, Pa. He is a technical glass worker ; and is 
 connected with the United States glass company of Pittsburg, 
 Pa. During his business career he has amassed one of the largest 
 collections of Lepidoptera in America, and his interest in liter- 
 ature and science is shown by the fact that he has in his library 
 over six thousand volumes on these subjects. He is a member of 
 the American association for the advancement for science; is a 
 member of the national geographic society; and is also a cor- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 135 
 
 responding member of most of the learned societies of Europe 
 and America. He is now working on a book entitled Papilios 
 of the World. 
 
 Ehrhardt, John Adam, lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 6, 1848, 
 in Germany. He received his education at the Western union 
 college and the Illinois Military academy. He has gained dis- 
 tinction as an able lawyer of Stanton, Neb. ; and has been pros- 
 ecuting attorney of his county. In 1897 he was elected depart- 
 ment commander of the grand army of the republic of Nebraska ; 
 and has also served as grand master of masons in Nebraska. 
 
 Eighmey, Charles Henry, lawyer, banker, was born Nov. 28, 
 1834, in Saratoga, N.Y. He was educated at Cornell college of 
 Mt. Vernon, N.Y. In 1861-71 he practiced law with success. He 
 has been vice-president, cashier and president of the First na- 
 tional bank of Dubuque since 1871. He has been prominently 
 identified with religious institutions ; and has been a member of 
 the methodist episcopal church of Dubuque for half a century. 
 He is a trustee and chairman of the building committee of the 
 new St. Luke 's methodist church of Dubuque, to the construction 
 of which he was a liberal donor. 
 
 Einhorn, Max, physician, surgeon, inventor, was born Jan. 
 10, 1862, in Russia. He received the degree of M.D. from the 
 university of Berlin. He has been professor of medicine in the 
 New York post-graduate medical school and hospital and was 
 visiting physician to the German hospital. He is a member of 
 the New York academy of medicine, the Medical association of 
 the state of New York, the American medical association, and 
 corresponding member of the medical society of Munich, Bavaria. 
 He has invented numerous medical instruments; among which 
 are the fermentation saccharometer, stomach bucket, gastric 
 spray, stomach powder blower and the radrodraphane. He is 
 the author of Diseases of the Stomach ; Diseases of the Intestines ; 
 and Practical Problems of Diet and Nutrition. 
 
 Elder, Rufus C, colonel Pennsylvania national guard, was born 
 March 29, 1854, in Lewistown, Pa. In 1874 he graduated from 
 Princeton college. He is a successful attorney-at-law ; and in 
 1878-81 was district attorney for Mifflin county, Pa. He is now 
 counsel for the Pennsylvania railroad company. Standard steel 
 works, and Logan iron and steel company. He is a director in 
 the Mifflin county national bank; a trustee of Lewistown hos- 
 pital; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. 
 He was lieutenant-colonel in the fifth regiment Pennsylvania 
 volunteers. He is now colonel in the fifth regiment Pennsylvania 
 national guard ; and resides in Lewistown, Pa. 
 
136 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Elkins, Stephen Benton, soldier, lawyer, congressman, United 
 States senator, was born Sept. 26, 1841, in Perry county, Ohio. 
 He was a member of the territorial legislative assembly of New 
 Mexico in 1864-65; and held the offices of territorial district at- 
 torney, attorney-general, and United States district attorney'. 
 In 1873-77 he was a territorial delegate to the forty-third and 
 forty-fourth congresses. After leaving congress he removed to 
 West Virginia and devoted himself to business affairs; in 1891- 
 93 he was secretary of war; and in 1895-1913 he was a United 
 States senator. 
 
 Ellis, Alston, educator, college president, author, was born 
 Jan. 26, 1847, in Kenton county, Ky. He received a thorough 
 education; and graduated at various times with the degrees of 
 B.S., A.B., A.M., Ph.D. and LL.D. In 1867-68 he taught school 
 in Covington, Ky.; and in 1868-71 in Newport, Ky. In 1871-79 
 and 1887-92 he was superintendent of public schools at Hamilton, 
 Ohio; and in 1880-87 in Sandusky, Ohio. In 1892-99 he was 
 president of the state agricultural college at Fort Collins, Colo.; 
 and also in 1893-99 was director of the Colorado experiment sta- 
 tions. Since 1901 he has been president of the Ohio university 
 at Athens. 
 
 Ellis, Edgar Clarence, United States congressman from Mis- 
 souri, was born Oct. 2, 1854, in Vermontville, Mich. He received 
 his education at Olivet college of Michigan; and later received 
 the degree of A.B. from Carleton college of Minnesota. In 1881- 
 84 he was superintendent of public schools of the city of Fergus 
 Falls, Minn. He practiced law in Kansas for a period of three 
 years; and then moved to Kansas City. He was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth congress. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress 
 from the fifth district of Missouri for the term of 1907-09; and 
 resides in Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Ellis, John Breckenridge, educator, author, was born Feb. 11, 
 1870, in Hannibal, Mo. In 1886 he graduated from Plattsburg 
 college with the degree of A.M. He also received a good musical 
 education. In 1886-97 he was professor of English literature of 
 the Plattsburg college; and in 1900-02 held the same professor- 
 ship at the Central christian college of Albany, Mo. In 1902 he 
 gave up teaching to devote himself to literature. He is the au- 
 thor of In the Days of Jehu; King Saul; the Dread and Fear of 
 Kings ; The Red Box Clew ; The Holland Wolves ; Adnah, Tale of 
 the Time of Christ; The Ellisan Literary Year-Book; The Stork's 
 Nest ; The Keeneyes Series ; and other works. 
 
 Ellis, William H., attorney-general of Florida, was born Sept. 
 17, 1867, in Pensacola, Fla. He has been president of the city 
 council of Quincy, Fla.; has served as state auditor; and in 1900 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 137 
 
 was democratic presidential elector. In 1908 he became attor- 
 ney-general of the state of Florida; and resides in Tallahassee, 
 Fla. 
 
 Elwell, W. D., chairman Iowa prohibition state committee, 
 was born Oct. 3, 1845, in Lakeville, Mich. He received a 
 thorough education; and graduated from Colgate university. He 
 is an eminent clergyman ; and has filled several important pastor- 
 ates. He is manager of the financial department of the prohibi- 
 tion party of Iowa; field superintendent of the Iowa temperance 
 Chautauquas; since 1903 has been chairman of the prohibition 
 party of Iowa ; and resides in Ames, Iowa. 
 
 Emerson, Charles Franklin, educator, mathematician, clean, 
 was born Sept. 28, 1843, in Chelmsford, Mass. He was fitted for 
 college at Westford academy ; and at Appleton academy of New 
 Ipswich, N.H. For four terms he taught district and private 
 schools in Massachusetts before entering college. In 1868 he re- 
 ceived the degree of A.B. from Dartmouth college ; and was salu- 
 tatorian at commencement ; and for three years he had charge of 
 gymnasium work at Dartmouth; and in 1868-72 was tutor in 
 mathematics in that institution. In 1872-78 he was associate pro- 
 fessor of natural philosophy and mathematics; in 1879-79 was 
 Appleton professor of natural philosophy; and in 1877-92 was in- 
 structor in astronomy at Dartmouth. Since 3893 he has been dean 
 of the academy faculty in Dartmouth college of Hanover, Mass. In 
 1897-99 he gave much thought to the planning of the Wilder 
 physical laboratory, visiting the laboratories in New England 
 and the middle west ; and in 1883-84 made a study of laboratories 
 abroad. He has already completed forty years of continuous 
 service for the college ; and nine-tenths of all the living graduates 
 of Dartmouth have been under his instruction. Since 1875 he 
 has been a fellow of the American association for the advance- 
 ment of science ; and a life member since 1898. 
 
 Emerson, Ralph, manufacturer, founder, inventor, genealogist, 
 was born May 3, 1831, in Andover, Mass. He was educated at 
 Phillips academy of Andover, Mass. ; and studied law under pri- 
 vate tuition. He is one of the pioneers of the west in the whole- 
 sale manufacture of agricultural implements; and also the in- 
 ventor of certain kinds of seamless hosiery now in world- 
 wide use. He has been proprietor of two republican newspapers ; 
 and was the originator and proprietor of the city electric light- 
 ing works of Rockford, 111. He was an organizer and officer of 
 two national banks; was president of two insurance companies; 
 and is now president, director and trustee of numerous manu- 
 facturing, benevolent and educational institutions. He is the 
 author of a genealogy of The Emerson Family. 
 
138 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Emerson, Willis George, educator, lawyer, mine owner, au- 
 thor, was born March 28, 1856, in Blakesburg, Iowa. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Union county, Iowa; and at- 
 tended Knox college of Galesburg, 111. He was admitted to the 
 bar; taught school for four years; and in 1886 engaged in bank- 
 ing in Kansas. In 1888 he was elected republican presidential 
 elector for the seventh Kansas congressional district; and in 
 1900 was appointed commissioner to the Paris exposition. In 
 1900 he was vice-chairman of the speakers' bureau in the repub- 
 lican national committee ; and has attained prominence as a noted 
 platform orator. He was commissioned from Wyoming to the St. 
 Louis exposition of 1904. He is now president of the Emerson 
 realty company of Los Angeles, Cal. He is the author of Win- 
 ning Winds; Fall of Jason; My Partner and I; Buell Hampton; 
 and The Builders. 
 
 Emery, Ernest Webb, state librarian of Maine, was born Dec. 
 19, 1872, in Fairfield, Maine. He was educated in the common 
 and high schools of his native state. He is principally engaged 
 in literary work. For fifteen years he was assistant state librar- 
 ian of Maine ; and has been secretary of the Maine library asso- 
 ciation. He is state librarian of Maine ; and resides in Augusta, 
 Maine. 
 
 English, William Eastin, financier, legislator, congressman, 
 author, was born Nov. 3, 1850, at Englishton Park, Scott county, 
 Ind. Since his childhood he has resided in Indianapolis, Ind., 
 where he is a prominent citizen and controls large financial in- 
 terests, being the owner of English's opera house, English's hotel, 
 English's block and numerous other buildings. In 1878 he was 
 elected a representative in the Indiana state legislature; and in 
 1882 was elected a representative in the United States congress. 
 He has been an active republican since 1896, but was formerly a 
 prominent democrat and was a delegate to the national demo- 
 cratic conventions of 1892 and 1896. He has served both as pres- 
 ident of the board of park commissioners and board of safety of 
 the city of Indianapolis, Ind. He is past grandmaster of masons 
 of Indiana. He is colonel in the Indiana national guard, serving 
 as A.D.C. upon the staff of the governor of the state. During 
 the Spanish- American war he served as captain and A.D.C. upon 
 the staff of Gen. Joseph Wheeler in the Santiago campaign; and 
 is past commander in chief of the United Spanish war veterans' 
 association for the United States. He is the author of The His- 
 tory of Early Masonry, and other works. He is a son of Hon. 
 William H. English, the eminent statesman, historian and demo- 
 cratic nominee for vice-president of the United States in 1880. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 139 
 
 Enoch Elmer Ellsworth, Sedgwick county probate judge of 
 Kansas, was born Feb. 10, 1864, in Morristown Ohio. He was 
 educated at Franklin college of New Athens, Ohio; and is a 
 lawyer by profession. He is prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of Kansas; and for five ^ years was 
 deputy judge of Sedgwick county, Kan. Since 1904 he has been 
 probate judge for Sedgwick county; and resides in Wichita, Kan. 
 Epes James Fletcher, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 May 23 1842, in Nottoway county, Va. He received a thorough 
 education; and graduated from the university of Virginia. Dur- 
 ing the civil war he served in the cavalry branch of the confeder- 
 ate service; had three horses shot from under him; and received 
 two bullet wounds. After the war he became a prominent mem- 
 ber of the bar. In 1891-95 he was a representative from Vir- 
 ginia to the fifty-second and fifty-third congresses as a democrat. 
 He has now retired from active life and lives on a farm owned 
 in former years by his father, in Nottoway county, Va 
 
 Erdman, Constantine J., lawyer, congressman, was born bept. 
 4 1846, in Lehigh county, Pa. He received the rudiments of his 
 education in the public schools; attended a classical school at 
 Quakertown; entered Pennsylvania college of Gettysburg in 
 1861 and graduated in 1865. He read law and was admitted to 
 the bar of Lehigh in 1867; and since has practiced there. He 
 was elected district attorney in 1874; and in 1893-97 he was a 
 representative to the fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses as a 
 
 democrat. __ . ^ . 
 
 Estes Webster 0., merchant, was born Oct. 19, 18o0, in rort 
 Kent, Essex county, NX He received an academic education. 
 In 1887 he entered the firm of E. B. Estes and sons; and is now 
 its president and treasurer. He is also president of the Estes 
 lumber company; and a member of the Chamber of Commerce 
 
 of New York City. 
 
 Estes, William Lawrence, physician, author, was born Nov. 
 28 1855 in Brownsville, Tenn. He was educated at Bethel col- 
 lege and received the degrees of M.D. from the university of 
 Virginia and from the university of New York; and the degree 
 of A M from Bethel college in 1893. Since 1881 he has been 
 physician and surgeon in chief at St. Luke's hospital m South 
 Bethlehem, Pa. Since 1887 he has lectured on hygiene and 
 physiology at the Lehigh university. He is the author of Treat- 
 ment of Fractures, and also the chapter on Accident Surgery in 
 Keen's System of Surgery. 
 
 Evans, Britton Duroc, physician, surgeon, was born Aug. ±, 
 1858 in Bridgetown, Md. In 1885 he graduated from the col- 
 lege 'of physicians and surgeons at Baltimore, Md. For many 
 
140 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 years he was a physician to the Pennsylvania railroad company 
 and the Penn mutual insurance company, and was assistant 
 superintendent of the Maryland hospital for the insane and also 
 medical superintendent of the Maryland institution for the 
 feebleminded. Since 1893 he has been medical director of the 
 New Jersey state hospital at Morris Plains. He is a member of 
 the American association for the advancement of science ; a mem- 
 ber of the American medical psychological association ; and a 
 member of numerous other medical and scientific societies. 
 
 Evans, Jephthah Hughes, judge circuit court of Arkansas, 
 was born Feb. 8, 1860, in Farmerville, La. In 1881 he was the 
 first graduate from the Fort Smith district high school of Boone- 
 ville, Ark. He then taught school for a while; and in 1883 was 
 admitted to the bar. He soon attained success in the practice 
 of law; and served as alderman of his city. Since 1893 he has 
 been judge of the fifteenth judicial circuit court of Arkansas ; 
 and resides in Booneville, Ark. 
 
 Evans, John H., banker, state senator, was born Dec. 12, 1848, 
 in North Wales. In 1866 he located in Racine, Wis. ; and for 
 many years was connected with his father, Richard J. Evans, in 
 the tanning business. In 1878 he engaged in the steam laundry 
 business in Omaha, Neb., and is now president of the Evans 
 laundry companies of Omaha, Lincoln and Council Bluffs. He 
 is also president of the national bank of commerce of Omaha ; 
 and president of various other business institutions in Nebraska 
 and Florida. In 1895 he was elected a member of the lower 
 house of the Nebraska state legislature ; and in 1896 was elected 
 to the state senate. 
 
 Evans, Josiah Thomas, Chaves county probate judge of New 
 Mexico, was born June 10, 1849, in Isney, Ala. He was educated 
 in the public and private schools of Alabama and Mississippi ; 
 and has attained success in the practice of law. He taught 
 public school for four years; and for four years was county 
 superintendent of public instruction for Coleman county, Texas. 
 For two terms he was county surveyor of Coleman county, Texas ; 
 and for two years was county judge for that county. Since 1901 
 he has been probate judge for Chaves county, N.M. ; and resides 
 in Roswell, N.M. 
 
 Everett, W. I., civil engineer, business man, state senator, was 
 born Jan. 3, 1835, in Richmond county, N.C. He was educated 
 at the Richmond academy ; and at Chapel Hill, N.C. ; and by pro- 
 fession is a civil engineer. For several years he was chief en- 
 gineer and general superintendent of the Wilmington, Charlotte 
 and Rutherford railroad; is now engaged in farming, merchan- 
 dising and manufacturing at Rockingham, N.C. For twelve 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 141 
 
 years he was county commissioner; and in 1885 and 1905 was 
 elected a member of the North Carolina state senate. 
 
 Everhart, Isaiah Fawkes, army surgeon, physician, naturalist, 
 was born Jan. 22, 1840, in Berks county, Pa. He served through- 
 out the civil war; was surgeon in the eighth and sixteenth regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania volunteer infantry; in 1861-65 he was 
 surgeon of ninth regiment of national guard of Pennsylvania; 
 and attained the rank of major. He served as a member of the 
 medical staff of the Lackawanna hospital; and was a member of 
 the Scranton board of health. He has been president of the 
 Everhart brass works of Scranton, Pa.; president of the Ever- 
 hart anthracite coal company ; and is identified with various other 
 corporations. He founded and endowed the Everhart museum 
 of natural history, science and art at Scranton, Pa. This emi- 
 nent physician and surgeon still practices his profession in Scran- 
 ton, Pa. 
 
 Ewing, Fayette Clay, laryngologist, otologist, was born May 
 28, 1862, in La Fourche Parish, La. He was educated at the uni- 
 versity of the South ; and at the university of Mississippi ; and in 
 1884 graduated from the Jefferson medical college of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. He is a noted laryngologist and otologist of St. Louis, 
 Mo. ; and is connected with various St. Louis hospitals. He is 
 editor of the Laryngoscope ; and is a fellow of the British rhin- 
 ological, laryngological and otological association ; and a member 
 of the leading medical associations of America. He was a dele- 
 gate from the American medical association to the international 
 medical congress held at Rome in 1893. 
 
 Ewing, Presley Kittredge, lawyer, jurist, was born July 21, 
 1860, in Lafourche, La. In 1881 he graduated from the univer- 
 sity of Mississippi with the degrees of Ph.B. and LL.B. Since 
 1882 he has practiced law in the state and federal courts of Texas, 
 and in the supreme court of the United States. By appointment 
 he has presided over district and supreme courts of Texas. He 
 has a large practice in Texas at Houston ; and has been president 
 of the Texas bar association. 
 
 Ewing, Thomas, lawyer, author, was born May 21, 1862, in 
 Leavenworth, Kan.; and is a son of Thomas Ewing, the eminent 
 soldier and statesman. In 1871-77 he attended the public schools 
 of Lancaster, Ohio; in 1879-81 studied in the University of 
 Wooster, Ohio ; received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. from Co- 
 lumbia university; and was in the Columbia law school in 1887- 
 88. In 1886-90 he was assistant examiner in the United States 
 patent office ; and since 1891 has been a lawyer and patent solic- 
 itor of New York City. In 1897 and in 1899 he was the demo- 
 
142 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 cratic candidate for mayor of Yonkers, N.Y. He is the author 
 of Jonathan, a Tragedy. 
 
 Faelten, Carl, musician, composer, was born Dec. 21, 1846, in 
 Thuringia. In 1885-97 he was with the N.E. Conservatory of 
 Boston. He founded the Faelten pianoforte school of Boston, 
 Mass. He is the author of The Conservatory Course for Pianists. 
 Fairbanks, Arthur, educator, clergyman, author, was born 
 Nov. 13, 1864, in Hanover, N.H. He was educated at St. Johns- 
 bury academy ; and in 1886 graduated from Dartmouth college. 
 In 1887-88 he attended the Yale divinity school; in 1888-89 at- 
 tended the Union theological seminary ; and in 1889-90 studied in 
 Berlin and Freiburg. For several years he was a congregational 
 clergyman; and since 1886 has been engaged in teaching. In 
 1900-06 he was professor of Greek literature and archaeology, 
 and is head of the department of Greek, at the state university 
 of Iowa ; and since 1907 has been director of the Museum of fine 
 arts in Boston, Mass. He is the author of Introduction to So- 
 ciology ; First Philosophers of Greece ; Mythology of Greece and 
 Rome ; Handbook of Greek Religion ; and other works. 
 
 Fairbanks, Charles Warren, ex-vice-president of the United 
 States, was born May 11, 1852, near Union ville Center, Ohio. He 
 was educated in the common schools ; and in 1872 graduated from 
 the Ohio Wesleyan university in the classical course. In 1874 he 
 was admitted to the practice of law; moved to Indianapolis in 
 the same year; and there practiced his profession until his ad- 
 mission to the United States senate. In 1885 he was elected a 
 trustee of the Ohio Wesleyan university. In 1892 and 1898 he 
 was chairman of the Indiana republican state convention. In 
 1897-1905 he was a member of the United States senate. In 1896, 
 1900 and 1904 he was delegate to the republican conventions held 
 in St. Louis, Philadelphia and Chicago. In 1904 he was unani- 
 mously nominated for vice-president of the United States and was 
 elected on the ticket with Theodore Roosevelt, receiving three 
 hundred and thirty-seven of the four hundred and seventy-six 
 electoral votes. 
 
 Fanning, John Thomas, civil engineer, inventor, author, was 
 born Dec. 31, 1837, in Norwich, Conn. At the outbreak of the 
 civil war he had completed a course of study in architecture and 
 engineering. He enlisted in the third regiment of Connecticut 
 volunteers and served its full term; and subsequently was a field 
 officer in the state militia. In 1862-80 he was acting engineer of 
 Norwich, Conn.; and in 1872 moved to Manchester, N.H., to 
 supervise the construction of the public water supply. In 1881 
 he was employed by a citizen's committee to report upon an ad- 
 ditional water supply for New York, Brooklyn, and cities of the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 143 
 
 Hudson Valley. In 1886 he was appointed chief engineer and 
 agent of the St. Anthony Falls water power company. He was 
 appointed consulting engineer of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and 
 Manitoba railway and of the Great Northern railway, and be- 
 came vice-president of the Minneapolis union railway. Among 
 works directed from his Minneapolis office have been improve- 
 ments in various water powers and public water supplies; a com- 
 prehensive plan for the drainage of three thousand square miles 
 of the famous hard wheat land in the valley of the Red river of 
 the North; the construction of the water power from the Rainy 
 river in Minnesota; the large water power on the Missouri river 
 at Great Falls, Mont. ; on the Spokane river at Spokane, Wash. ; 
 and a large water power on the Missouri river near Helena, Mont. 
 He is patentee of improvements in slow-burning building con- 
 structions in turbine water steam boilers. He is the author of 
 A Treatise on the Water Supply; and Engineering. 
 
 Farmer, Fannie Merritt, educator, lecturer, author, was born 
 March 23, 1857, in Boston, Mass. She is instructor in the Boston 
 cooking school ; and principal of the Boston cooking school. She 
 is the author of The Boston Cooking School Book; and Chafing 
 Dish Possibilities. 
 
 Faulkner, Charles James, soldier, jurist, United States sen- 
 ator, was born Sept. 21, 1847, in Martinsburg, W.Va. His early 
 education was obtained in France and Switzerland; and in 1862 
 he entered the Virginia military institution at Lexington. In 
 1868 he graduated from the university of Virginia. He served 
 with the cadets at the battle of Newmarket; and afterward as 
 aide to Generals Breckenridge and Wise in the confederate states 
 army to the end of the civil war. In 1868 he was admitted to the 
 practice of law ; and in 1879 became grand master of masons. In 
 1880-87 he was judge of the thirteenth judicial circuit of West 
 Virginia. In 1887-99 he was a member of the United States sen- 
 ate. In 1892 he was both temporary and permanent chairman 
 of the democratic state convention; and in 1894, 1896 and 1898 
 he was chairman of the democratic congressional campaign com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Fell, Thomas, educator, college president, was born July 15, 
 1851, in Liverpool, England. He was educated at King's college 
 of London ; in 1874 graduated from the London university ; re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Hampden-Sidney college ; and 
 the degree of Ph.D. from St. John's college of Maryland. In 
 1884-86 he was professor of ancient and modern languages in the 
 new Winsor college of Maryland; and since 1886 has been pres- 
 ident of Saint John's college at Annapolis, Md. In 1897 he was 
 
H4 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 vice-chancellor of the university of Maryland. He has made val- 
 uable contributions to educational and scientific literature. 
 
 Ferguson, Emory C, contractor, miner, legislator, was born 
 March 5, 1833, in Westchester county, N.Y. He moved to San 
 Francisco in 1854, arriving there one year later. He engaged in 
 mining and mercantile business, but in 1858 settled in Washing- 
 ton, where he became a successful carpenter and builder. In 1864 
 he was elected to the territorial legislature, has since served seven 
 sessions, and he was speaker of the house for one term. In 1884- 
 85 he was a commissioner to the cotton centennial exposition held 
 in New Orleans. He has been mayor of the city of Snohomish 
 for six terms and is now engaged in real estate. 
 
 Ferguson, Harvey B., member democratic national committee, 
 was born Sept. 9, 1848, in Alabama. He belongs to a family that 
 settled in the south in colonial days, several members of which 
 distinguished themselves in the civil and military offices of the 
 colonies and later in the service of the young republic ; his father 
 was an officer in the confederate army, and did excellent service 
 under General Lee until the close of the struggle ; graduated from 
 the Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va., with the 
 degree of M.A., in 1873. He graduated from the law depart- 
 ment of that university in 1874, and commenced the practice of 
 his profession at Wheeling, W.Va., where he remained until the 
 year 1882. In 1884 he located in Albuquerque, N.M., where he 
 has since successfully practiced his profession. He was elected 
 to the fifty-fifth congress as a democrat. He is a member of the 
 democrat national committee for the term of 1904-08; and resides 
 in Albuquerque, N.M. 
 
 Ferguson, John P., physician, surgeon, was born Oct. 28, 1865, 
 in Jonesboro, Tenn. He received the rudiments of his education 
 in the public schools of his native state ; then attended Milligan 
 college and Washington college; and then entered the Central 
 university of Kentucky, from which institution he received the 
 degree of A.M. In 1892 he graduated with the degree of M.D. 
 from the Jefferson medical college of Philadelphia, Pa. He has 
 attained success in the practice of his profession in Louisville, 
 Ky. ; and has been instructor in the hospital college of medicine. 
 He is a member of the American medical and the Mississippi val- 
 ley medical associations; and a member of the Kentucky state 
 medical society. He is medical examiner of the Ancient order of 
 united workmen ; and is prominently identified with the business 
 and public affairs of his city. 
 
 Fernald, Bert M., state senator, governor, was born April 3, 
 1858, in Poland. He was educated in the common schools of 
 Poland. He is prominently identified with the business an_& 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 145 
 
 public affairs of New England; and served as a member of the 
 Maine state senate. While in the state senate he served on 
 several important committees ; and secured the passage of several 
 important laws. In 1909-11 he was governor of Maine. 
 
 Ferrel, Charles P., Washoe county sheriff of Nevada, was 
 born in 1863, in Oregon. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native state ; and at the Salem grammar school. He is a horse- 
 shoer by profession ; and prominently indentified with the business 
 and public affairs at Reno, Nevada. He has been president of the 
 gentlemen's driving club of Reno, Nev. ; vice-president of the Reno 
 wheelmen ; and a police officer for three years. He is now serving 
 his second term as sheriff of Washoe county ; and resides in Reno, 
 Nev. 
 
 Ferriss, James H., chairman people's party national commit- 
 tee, was born Nov. 18, 1849, in Yorkville, 111. He was educated 
 in the public schools of his native state. He is a successful jour- 
 nalist and business man ; editor of the Joliet Daily News ; presi- 
 dent of The News company, incorporated, of Joliet, 111. ; and four 
 years was president of the American fern association. He was 
 chairman of the people's party national committee for the terms 
 of 1904-08 and 1908-12 ; and resides in Joliet, 111. 
 
 Fessenden, Franklin Goodridge, justice superior court of 
 Massachusetts, was born in Fitchburg, Worcester county, Mass. 
 He was educated at Harvard university; and is an attorney-at- 
 law by profession. He has been captain and colonel in the Massa- 
 chusetts volunteer militia; trustee and vice-president of the 
 Franklin savings institution; and lecturer in the Harvard law 
 school. Since 1891 he has been justice of the superior court of 
 Massachusetts; and resides in Greenfield, Mass. 
 
 Fetterolf, Adam H., educator, college president, was born Nov. 
 24, 1841, in Montgomery county, Pa. Since 1883 he has been 
 president of Girard college of Philadelphia. 
 
 Ficken, John F., president board of trustees college of Char- 
 leston, S.C., was born June 16, 1843, in Charleston, S.C. He was 
 educated at the college of Charleston; and at the university of 
 Berlin, Germany. During the civil war he was in the service of 
 the confederate army. For twelve years he was a representative 
 in the South Carolina state legislature; was mayor of Charleston 
 for one term ; and has attained prominence at the bar. He is now 
 president of the board of trustees of the college of Charleston; 
 and resides in Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Field, Archelaus G M physician and surgeon of Des Moines, 
 Iowa, was born Nov. 15, 1829, in Gorham, N.Y. In 1854 he grad- 
 uated from the Starling medical college ; studied in the medical de- 
 partment of the Columbia university; and graduated from the 
 
146 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Simpson centenary college of law. He attained success as a noted 
 physician and surgeon of Iowa; and for many years filled the 
 chair of physiology and pathology in the Keokuk medical school. 
 In 1872 he was president of the Iowa state medical society ; and, 
 was president of the Des Moines school of technology. In 1876 
 he was a delegate to the international medical congress; served 
 two terms as mayor of North Des Moines ; and has filled numerous 
 other positions of trust and honor; and resides in Des Moines, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Finck, Edward Bertrand, lawyer, author, was born Oct. 16, 
 1870, in Louisville, Ky. He was educated at Allmond's university 
 school; and at the Louisville law school. He is a successful at- 
 torney-at-law of Louisville, Ky. Under the nom de plume of Bert 
 Finck he is the author of Pebblet, Webs, Plays, Musings and 
 Pastel, all works of a philosophical nature. 
 
 Finch, Edward Riley, lawyer, statesman, was born Nov. 15, 
 1873, in New York City. In 1895 he graduated with the degree 
 of A.B. from Yale university; and in 1898 with the degree of 
 LL.D. from Columbia law school. Since 1898 he has practiced 
 law in New York City. In 1901-04 he was a representative in the 
 New York state legislature ; and was the author of a bill placing 
 those who failed to register and vote upon preferred list for jury 
 service ; and also the laws known as the labor laws. He is a writer 
 and lecturer on municipal government ; and is identified in New 
 York City with the work of the betterment and uplifting of boys 
 and young men. 
 
 Finley, John Barclay, legislator, banker, was born Nov. 17, 
 1845, in Philadelphia, Pa. During 1887-92 he was a member of 
 the Pennsylvania legislature ; and resigned from that position in 
 1892. In 1887 he was a member of the revenue commission of 
 Pennsylvania ; and subsequently of the coast defence commission. 
 He has been president of the Fifth national bank of Pittsburg, 
 Pa. ; an officer in a number of corporations ; and is now president 
 of the People's bank of Monongahela, Pa. 
 
 Finley, John Huston, journalist, educator, college president, 
 founder, was born Oct. 19, 1863, in Grand Ridge, La Salle county, 
 111. In 1887 he graduated from Knox college ; in 1887-89 studied 
 at the John Hopkins university; and has received the degrees of 
 A. M., Ph.D. and LL.D. In 1882-92 he was secretary of the state 
 charities aid association of New York ; and was founder and edit- 
 or of the State Charities Record and the Charities Review of New 
 York. In 1892-99 he was president of Knox college ; in 1899-1900 
 was editor with Harper's and McClure's; and in 1900-03 was pro- 
 fessor of politics at Princeton university. Since 1903 he has been 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 147 
 
 president of the college City of New York. He is part author of 
 Taxation in American States and Cities. 
 
 Fisher, Carmon, business man, poet. He received his education 
 in the public and private schools of South Dakota. For many 
 years he has been identified with the business and public affairs 
 of Hot Springs, South Dakota; and has filled various positions 
 of trust and honor. He is a member of several fraternal and 
 patriotic orders. He has contributed both prose and verse to the 
 periodical press, and his poems have been incorporated in Local 
 and National Poets of America and other standard works. His 
 poems have appeared for the past twenty years in various news- 
 papers and magazines, and have been a valuable acquisition to 
 American literature. 
 
 Fisher, Irving, educator, political economist, author, was born 
 on Feb. 27, 1867, in Saugerties, N.Y. In 1881 he graduated with 
 the degree of Ph.D. from Yale university; and in 1891-94 studied 
 in Berlin and Paris. In 1891-93 he was tutor of mathematics, in 
 1893-95 was professor, and in 1895-98 was assistant professor of 
 political economy in Yale university. Since 1898 he has been 
 professor of political economy at Yale university. He is a member 
 of the American association for the advancement of science ; was 
 a member of the national conservation commission ; and was presi- 
 dent of the committee of one hundred on national health to advo- 
 cate the establishment of the national department of health. He 
 is the author of Elements of Geometry; Bibliography of Mathe- 
 matical Economics; Mathematical Investigations in Theory of 
 Value and Prices; Appreciation and Interest; Introduction in 
 Calculus ; The Nature of Capital and Income ; and other works. 
 
 Fisher, Samuel Brownlee, civil engineer, railroad manager, 
 was born Oct. 24, 1846, in Cherry Fork, Ohio. In 1868 and 1871 
 he graduated from the Washington and Jefferson college with the 
 degrees of B.S. and M.S. In 1869-71 he was with the Rogers loco- 
 motive works of Patterson, N.J. ; and in 1873-75 was in the engi- 
 neering department of the Pennsylvania lines from chainman to 
 assistant engineer. In 1885-90 he was chief engineer of the Mil- 
 waukee and Northern railway ; has been chief engineer of various 
 other railroad; and since 1895 has been consulting engineer of 
 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway and other railroads. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Desmond, civil engineer, was born May 20, 1846, 
 in Nassau, New Providence. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Providence, R.I. ; and at Phillips academy, of Andover, 
 Mass. For many years he was department engineer of the Metro- 
 politan water board of Boston, Mass.; and was retired in 1903. 
 He was chairman of the topographical survey commission of 
 Massachusetts; and chairman of the Brookline park commission, 
 
148 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 For thirty years he was in practice as an hydraulic engineer, 
 principally in connection with the construction and maintenance 
 of the Boston water supply system. In 1904 he was consulting 
 engineer of the water supply and sewage system of Manila, R.I. 
 He is past president of the American society of civil engineers. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Harrington, editor-in-chief and one of the proprie- 
 tors of the Philadelphia Item, was born April 5, 1847, in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 city; and at Dr. Rice's academy of Philadelphia, P. For four 
 years he was cashier for Jay Cooke and company. For ten years 
 he was business manager of the Philadelphia Item, of which he is 
 now editor-in-chief and general manager. He studied art at 
 home and abroad; and has exhibited pictures in Philadelphia, 
 Chicago, New York, Detroit, South Carolina, St. Louis and Pitts- 
 burg, Pan-American exposition, Omaha expositon, received a 
 medal from the Charleston exposition, and a gold medal from the 
 exposition of the American arts society of Philadelphia, Pa. He 
 has been granted several United States patents. He is president 
 of the American art society ; is a director in the school of industrial 
 arts; and a member of the Philadelphia sketch, pen and pencil 
 and other societies ; and resides in Norristown, Pa. 
 
 Flanagan, Webster, farmer, lawyer, railroad president, states- 
 man, was born Jan. 9, 1832, in Cloverport, Ky. Since 1843 he has 
 been a resident of Texas ; and in 1851 was admitted to the prac- 
 tice of law. In 1860 he was commissioned brigadier-general ; and 
 served in the civil war for three years. In 1865 he was appointed 
 judge of the fifth judicial district of Texas; and in 1869 was a 
 member of the constitutional convention. In 1873 he was lieu- 
 tenant-governor of Texas; and in 1871 and 1875 was a member 
 of the Texas state senate. He was a member of the constitutional 
 convention which helped to frame the present constitution. In 
 1884-85 he was international revenue collector for the fourth dis- 
 trict of Texas. He has been a delegate to seven different national 
 conventions. In 1890 he was candidate for governor of Texas; 
 and in 1891-93 was collector of customs at El Paso, Texas. In 
 1876-80 he was president of the Henderson and Overton railroad 
 company; and since 1898 has been collector of international rev- 
 enue for the third district of Texas. 
 
 Flanders, James Greeley, lawyer, statesman, was born Dec. 13, 
 1844, in New London, N.H. In 1861 he graduated from Phillips 
 Exeter academy ; in 1867 from Yale university, and in 1869 from 
 Columbia law school. In 1875-77 he was a member of the school 
 board of Milwaukee, Wis., and in 1877 was a representative in the 
 Wisconsin state legislature. In 1896 he was a delegate at large 
 to the national democratic convention. In 1899-1904 he was presi- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 149 
 
 dent of the Wisconsin Yale alumni association; and in 1902 was 
 president of the university club. 
 
 Flemer, John Adolph, civil and landscape engineer, horticultur- 
 ist, author, was born April 1, 1859, in New York City. He re- 
 ceived the rudiments of his education in a private school; in 
 1870-74 attended the latin school in Cassel, Hessia, Germany ; in 
 1874-78 was at the polytechnic school at the same place; and in 
 1878-81 attended the Royal technical high school at Berlin. He is a 
 successful horticulturist, topographic and landscape engineer. In 
 1886-1900 he was assistant in the United States coast and geodetic 
 survey; and in 1900-03 was connected with the F. and F. nur- 
 series of Springfield, N.J. Since 1904 he has been engineer to the 
 commissioner for demarcation of Alaskan boundary. He is the 
 author of Treatise on Photographic Methods and Instruments. 
 
 Fleming, John, lawyer, jurist, was born June 1, 1842, in Ire- 
 land. He recieved a thorough education in the public schools 
 and academies; studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 
 1883 he was appointed by Governor Cleveland as district attorney 
 of Queens county, N.Y. ; and was then elected to the same office 
 for three years. He was again appointed to that office in 1887 by 
 Governor Hill ; and he was subsequently elected twice to that po- 
 sition. He is one of the foremost criminal lawyers in the state 
 of New York. He is now a justice of the court of special sessions, 
 city of New York. 
 
 Fletcher, Austin Barclay, lawyer, business president, was born 
 March 13, 1832, in Mendon, Mass. He received the degrees of 
 A.B. and LL.D. from Tufts college; graduated from the Boston 
 university school of oratory in 1878 ; received the degree of A.M. 
 from the School of sciences in 1879 ; and in 1880 received the de- 
 gree of LL.D. from the School of law. He has reorganized many 
 large corporations and business concerns. He is president of the 
 Ettinger and Russell company of New York City ; and a director 
 in various financial and industrial corporations. 
 
 Flickinger, Junius R., principal state normal school of Pennsyl- 
 vania, was born about 1856, in Perry county, Pa. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools ; attended the 
 New Bloomfield academy ; and in 1877 graduated from Princeton 
 university. In 1877-81 he was principal of Bloomfield academy; 
 and in 1881-84 was superintendent of schools for Perry county, 
 Pa. In 1887 he was a representative in the Pennsylvania state 
 legislature. In 1888-93 he practiced law in Pueblo, Col.; and in 
 1891 was a representative in the Colorado state legislature. In 
 1893-96 he filled the chair of history in the state normal school 
 at West Chester, Pa. ; in 1896-99 was principal of the state nor- 
 mal school at West Chester, Pa. ; in 1896-99 was principal of the 
 
150 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 state normal schol at Edinboro, Pa. ; and since 1899 has been prin- 
 cipal of the state normal school at Lock Haven, Pa. In 1902 he 
 was president of the Pennsylvania state educational association; 
 and is a member of several historical and scientific associations. 
 He is the author of Civil Government as Developed in the States 
 and the United States. 
 
 Flint, Charles R., merchant, banker, was born Jan. 24, 1850, 
 in Thomaston, Maine. In 1871 he organized the firm of Gilchrist, 
 Flint and company ship chandlers; and in 1872 established the 
 firm of W. R. Grace and company, transacting a general shipping 
 and commission business with the west coast of South America, 
 principally Peru. In 1876 he was appointed consul in New York 
 for the republic of Chili ; and in 1880 he became president of the 
 United States electric lighting company. In 1876 he established 
 a business in Peru; and in 1884 established a large rubber busi- 
 ness on the Amazon. In 1885 he entered the firm of Flint and 
 company, composed of his father, Benjamin Flint and his brother, 
 Wallace Benjamin Flint; and of this firm he is now senior mem- 
 ber. He is a director of several railroad and steamship compa- 
 nies, and of various financial institutions ; and was recently elected 
 one of the council of the university of the city of New York. 
 
 Flood, Ned Arden, soldier, journalist, lawyer, lecturer, orator, 
 was born in 1870 in New Market, N.H. In 1890 he graduated 
 from Johns Hopkins university; studied in the law department 
 of the university of Michigan; and received the degree of M.A. 
 from Allegheny college. In 1890-98 he was assistant editor of the 
 Chautauqua Magazine ; and in 1889-98 was managing editor of 
 the Chautauqua Assembly Herald. In 1895-98 he was lecturer 
 on political economy in Allegheny college ; and in 1898-1900 was 
 associate professor and director of the university of Chicago 
 press. In 1898-1903 he was lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp 
 on the staff of Governor William A. Stone of Pennsylvania; and 
 in 1903 was reappointed on the staff of Governor Samuel W. Pen- 
 nypacker. In 1900-02 he was president of the northwestern Penn- 
 sylvania association sons of veterans ; and in 1901-02 of the west- 
 ern Pennsylvania association of Johns Hopkins university. He 
 has a successful law practice in Meadville, Pa.; and is a noted 
 republican platform speaker. In 1901 he was a member of the 
 board of health of Meadville, Pa. ; and in 1902 was a member of 
 the board of trustees of the state hospital for the insane at War- 
 ren, Pa. 
 
 Floyd, John Charles, lawyer, legislator, congressman, was 
 born April 14, 1858, in Sparta, White County, Tenn. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools of Benton- 
 ville, Ark.; and in 1879 graduated from the University of Ar- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 151 
 
 kansas at Fayetteville. In 1889 he was a member of the Arkansas 
 State Legislature from Marion County and in 1890-94 was prose- 
 cuting attorney of the Fourteenth Judicial District. In 1904 he 
 was elected a member of the Fifty-ninth, and was elected to the 
 Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses from Arkansas as a democrat. 
 He has always been prominently identified with the democratic 
 party; is a prominent citizen of Yelleville, Ark.; and has filled 
 numerous other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Focht, Benjamin K., journalist, statesman, congressman, was 
 born March 12, 1863. He was educated at Bucknell university, 
 Pennsylvania state college and also at the Susquehanna univer- 
 sity. He established the Saturday News in 1881, which he still 
 owns. He has been an active republican for over twenty years; 
 and a delegate to many conventions and party councils. He was 
 a member of Pennsylvania assembly three sessions ; and served 
 one term in the senate, retiring from that body in 1905. He for- 
 mulated the present ballot law of Pennsylvania. He is interested 
 in a number of railroad operations with business headquarters in 
 New York City. In 1907-11 he was a representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican. 
 
 Fogg, James Ezra, state representative of Idaho, was born 
 Oct. 8, 1868, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was educated at the 
 Brigham Young academy of Logan City, Utah. He is manager 
 and president of the Fogg and Jacob lumber company of St. An- 
 thony, Idaho ; and president of the St. Anthony building and 
 manufacturing company. He served with distinction as a repre- 
 sentative in the ninth session of the Idaho state house of represen- 
 tatives ; and resides in St. Anthony, Idaho. 
 
 Folwell, William Watts, soldier, educator, author, was born 
 Feb. 14, 1832, in Romulus, N.Y. He was educated at Ovid acad- 
 emy, Hobart college and at the university of Berlin. In 1861-65 
 during the civil war he was first lieutenant to major and brevet 
 lieutenant-colonel in the fiftieth regiment New York engineers. 
 In 1865-69 he was in business in Ohio. In 1869-84 he was pres- 
 ident of the university of Minnesota. In 1876 he was commis- 
 sioner to the centennial exposition from Minnesota. In 1889-92 
 he was president of the Minneapolis society of fine arts ; and since 
 1889 a member and since 1894 president of the park commission- 
 ers of Minneapolis, Minn. In 1895-1901 he was a member of the 
 state board of charities and correction ; and in 1902 was president 
 of the Minneapolis improvement league. In 1875-1907 he was 
 professor of political science in the university of Minnesota ; and 
 is now professor emeritus. He is the author of Public Instruction 
 in Minnesota ; History of Minnesota ; Lectures on Political Econ- 
 omy ; and numerous Monographs and Addresses. 
 
152 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Folz, Samuel, merchant, public official, was born Sept. 18, 
 1859, in Hillsdale, Mich. He was educated in the public and pri- 
 vate 'schools of his native state. Early in life he engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits; and became proprietor of a prosperous store. 
 In 1880 he opened branch stores in Otswego and Schoolcraft, 
 Mich. In 1893 he consolidated three stores ; and has established 
 the largest clothing house in Kalamazoo county at Kalamazoo, 
 Mich. For years he has been prominently identified with the bus- 
 iness and public affairs of his city, county and state ; in 1900 was 
 elected mayor of Kalamazoo, Mich. ; and has filled numerous other 
 positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Fontaine, William Morris, soldier, educator, author, was born 
 Dec. 1, 1835, in Louisa county, Va. He was educated at Hanover 
 academy of Virginia • in 1859 received the degree of A.M. from 
 the university of Virginia; and studied in 1869-70 in the Royal 
 school of mines at Freiberg. He was a second lieutenant of artil- 
 lery in the confederate states army until 1862 ; then first lieuten- 
 ant of ordnance until 1865. In 1873-78 he was professor of chem- 
 istry and geology in the university of West Virginia ; and since 
 1878 has been professor of geology and natural history in the uni- 
 versity of Virginia. He is a fellow of the American geographical 
 society. He is the author of Resources of West Virginia ; Report 
 of the Second Pennsylvania geologic survey ; and numerous scien- 
 tific Monographs and bulletins published by the United States 
 geological survey. 
 
 Foos, Charles S., city superintendent public schools of Read- 
 ing, Pa., was born Dec. 17, 1863, in Reading, Pa. He was educat- 
 ed in the public schools of his native city; at Hopkin's grammar 
 school of New Haven; at Yale, Harvard, university of Chicago 
 and at the university of New York. He has been principal of 
 Union academy of Morganfield, Ky. ; principal of the high school 
 of Orwigsboro, Pa.; and principal of the Boys' high school of 
 Reading, Pa. In 1905 he became superintendent of the public 
 schools of Reading ; and resides in Reading, Pa. 
 
 Foote, Lucius Harwood, soldier, lawyer, jurist, author, diplo- 
 mat, was born April 10, 1826, in Winfield, N.Y. He was judge of 
 the municipal court of Sacramento, Cal., from 1854 to 1860 ; and 
 in 1861 was appointed collector of the port of Sacramento. He 
 was adjutant-general of the state from 1872 to 1876; was ap- 
 pointed United States consul at Valparaiso, Chili, in 1879; and 
 was acting charge d'affaires to Chili in 1882. In 1883 he was 
 appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of 
 the United States to Corea. He is the author of On the Heights ; 
 Red Letter Day ; Corean Folk Lore ; and other works. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 153 
 
 Foraker, Joseph Benson, soldier, lawyer, governor, United 
 States senator, was born July 5, 1846, near Rainsboro, Highland 
 county, Ohio. He enlisted in 1862 as a private in company A, 
 eighty-ninth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry. He served until 
 the close of the war, at which time he held the rank of first lieu- 
 tenant and brevet captain. He was elected judge of the superior 
 court of Cincinnati in 1879 ; and resigned on account of ill-health 
 in 1882. In 1886-90 he was the thirty-fourth governor of Ohio. 
 He was again nominated for governor and defeated in 1889 ; and 
 in 1897-1909 he was a United States senator. 
 
 Foreman, Allan, journalist, dramatic critic, founder, was born 
 Sept. 27, 1860, in Mattituck, Long Island, New York. He was 
 educated in the private schools and by tutors in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; 
 attended Williams college, and there specialized in economics 
 and English literature. He is a dramatic critic and contributor 
 to current periodicals; and is a member of the Long Island his- 
 torical society. As a critic, correspondent, editor, publisher, syn- 
 dicator and traveler he has held a prominent place in the journal- 
 istic world for more than a quarter of a century. In 1884 he 
 founded the Journalist and has since been its editor. He has 
 traveled throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia ; and has vis- 
 ited nearly every place of interest on the North American conti- 
 nent. 
 
 Forsyth, James McQueen, naval officer, was born Jan. 1, 1842, 
 in Bahamas, W.I. In 1858 he graduated from the Central high 
 school of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1858-61 he was a sailor; in 1861 
 entered the volunteer navy ; and served throughout the civil war. 
 In 1862 he was promoted to acting ensign; in 1864 became act- 
 ing master; in 1868 was commissioned master; became lieutenant- 
 commander in 1878 ; was promoted to commander in 1889 ; at- 
 tained the rank of captain in 1899 ; and in 1901 was placed on the 
 retired list at his own request, on forty years' service, with the 
 rank of rear-admiral. 
 
 Fort, John Franklin, lawyer, jurist, governor, was born March 
 20, 1852, in Pemberton, N.J. In 1878-86 he was judge of the dis- 
 trict court of Newark, N.J. In 1896-1900 he was presiding judge 
 Common Pleas of Essex county, N.J. From 1900 to Sept., 1907, 
 he was a justice of the supreme court of New Jersey. He was 
 elected governor of the state on November, 1907, and took office 
 January 21, 1908. His term expires January 16, 1911. 
 
 Forwood, William Henry, military surgeon, was born Sept. 7, 
 1838, in Brandywine, Del. Since 1861 he has been a member of 
 the military branch of the United States army; and at the close 
 of the civil war was in command of the White hall general hos- 
 pital in Pennsylvania. He is now surgeon general of the army. 
 
154 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Fosdick, Lucian John, merchant, author, was born Feb. 5, 
 1849, in Lowell, Mass. He was educated in the public schools and 
 at Comer's commercial college of Lowell, Mass. ; and in 1890 grad- 
 uated from Chautauqua literary and scientific circles. Since 1866 
 he has been identified with the wholesale dry goods business in 
 Boston, Mass. ; is a director of the Dorchester trust company ; and 
 vice-president and trustee of the Dorchester associates. He was 
 a member of company C, sixth regiment Massachusetts national 
 guard. He has been president of the Boston baptist society ; and 
 has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. He has 
 also made a success of cranberry culture and is the author of a 
 Monograph on Cranberry Culture. He is also the author of 
 French Blood in America ; and other works. 
 
 Foss, Cyrus David, educator, clergyman, bishop, author, was 
 born Jan. 17, 1834, in Kingston, N.Y. In 1854 he graduated from 
 the Wesleyan university ; and for three years was an instructor 
 in Amenia seminary of New York. In 1857 he enterd the trav- 
 eling ministry; was for six years in the city of Brooklyn; and 
 for ten years pastor in churches in New York City. In 1875-80 he 
 was president of the Wesleyan universty ; and in 1880 was elected 
 and ordained a bishop of the methodist episcopal church. His 
 residence has since been at Minneapolis, Minn. ; and in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. His duties have taken him to many lands ; and he has 
 twice traveled completely around the globe. He has published 
 Sermons and Addresses, and other works. 
 
 Foster, Ernest Le Nevre, mining engineer, was born Jan. 23, 
 1849, in London, England. After receiving the rudiments of his 
 education, he followed courses at the royal school of mines in 
 London ; and in 1866-69 at Freiberg, Saxony. He began the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Italy; and since 1872 has practiced in 
 Colorado. In 1883-84 he was state geologist of Colorado ; and is 
 now a successful mining engineer of that state. Since 1883 he 
 has been a fellow of the geological society of London ; has been 
 president of the Colorado scientific society; and is a member of 
 several other scientific societies. 
 
 Foster, Herbert Sidney, soldier, was born Aug. 8, 1853, in Ca- 
 lais, Vt. He was educated at the United States military academy. 
 In 1867-69 he was messenger in the Vermont house of representa- 
 tives ; and in 1870 was messenger in the constitutional convention. 
 In 1890-93 he was professor of military science and tactics at the 
 university of Vermont. In 1891-92 he was commander of the 
 Vermont division of the sons of veterans. He has been second 
 lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and 
 since 1905 has held the rank of colonel in the United States army ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 155 
 
 was retired from active service in 1906; and resides in North 
 Calais, Vt. 
 
 Foulke, William Dudley, lawyer, legislator, author, was born 
 Nov. 20, 1848, in New York City. He has served as a member of 
 the Indiana state senate ; has been president of the Indiana civil 
 service reform association; was United States civil service com- 
 missioner; and as president of the American woman's suffrage 
 association. He is editor of the Evening Item of Richmond, Ind. 
 He is the author of Slav and Saxon Life of Oliver P. Morton ; Pro- 
 tean Papers; and other works. 
 
 Francis, David Rowland, merchant, governor, was born Oct. 
 1, 1850, in Richmond, Ky. In 1870 he graduated from the Wash- 
 ington university. In 1877 he established the commission house 
 of D. R. Francis and brother. He is the head of the firm; and 
 has interests in other corporations in St. Louis, Mo. In 1885-89 
 he was mayor of St. Louis ; and in 1889-93 he was the twenty-third 
 governor of Missouri. In 1896-97 he was secretary of the interior 
 of the United States. In 1904 he was president of the Louisiana 
 purchase exposition. He is first vice-president of the Merchants' 
 Laclede national bank ; is president of the hospital Saturday and 
 Sunday association; and also president of the Merchants' ex- 
 change. 
 
 Freeman, W. Winans, business president, was born June 8, 
 1872, in Ontario, Canada. He was educated in the grammar and 
 high schools of Ontario; and began his business life as a stenogra- 
 pher. He became assistant secretary in the employ of the Edison 
 electric and illuminating company of Brooklyn City, N.Y. and 
 gradually advanced to secretary, secretary and treasurer, and is 
 now vice-president and general manager of the company and of 
 several allied companies. He is also vice-president and general 
 manager of the Kings county electric light and power company; 
 vice-president and general manager of the Amsterdam electric 
 light, heat and power company; is president of the Edison con- 
 struction company; and is treasurer and director in other cor- 
 porations. He is president of the asociatiou of Edison illuminat- 
 ing companies of the United States; and also vice-president of 
 various societies and associations. 
 
 Freiner, John Robert, business man, lumberman, statesman, 
 was born April 21, 1859, in Fairfield, Ohio. He was educated in 
 the public schools of his native state and graduated from the 
 Capac high school. He is a successful lumberman of McArthur, 
 Ohio. He is a representative in the Ohio state legislature; and 
 was the author of Ohio's two-cent rate law, which is the first 
 straight two-cent rate law ever passed in the United States. 
 
156 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 French, Amos Tuck, banker, was born July 20, 1863, in Bos- 
 ton, Mass. In 1885 he graduated from Harvard university with 
 the degree of A.B. For three years he was a member of the New 
 York stock exchange ; is vice-president and director of the Man- 
 hattan trust company; director of the Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy railway ; director of the Chicago, Indianapolis and Louis- 
 ville railroad ; and a director in various other corporations. He 
 is a member of the New York chamber of commerce ; and a mem- 
 ber of the New York historical society and various clubs. 
 
 French, Andrew, farmer, statesman, was born Dec. 10, 1859, 
 in Green Lake county, Wis. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state. For many years he was engaged in agricul- 
 tural pursuits ; and is secretary of the Plainview farmers mutual 
 fire insurance company. He has been a representative in the 
 Minnesota state legislature ; was chairman of the township board 
 of supervisors ; and for three terms served as mayor of Plainview. 
 He is now a member of the Minnesota state board of equalization. 
 French, Burton Lee, United States congressman from Idaho, 
 was born Aug. 1, 1875, near Delphi, Ind. In 1880 he moved to 
 Kearney, Neb. ; and in 1882 moved to Idaho. He graduated from 
 fellow in the university of Chicago in 1901 and 1902, graduating 
 in 1903 with the degree of Ph.M. He was elected upon the re- 
 publican ticket to the house of representatives in the fifth session 
 the university of Idaho in 1901 with the degree of A.B., and was 
 of the Idaho legislature in 1898 ; and re-elected in 1900 He was 
 a member of the fifty-eighth congress and the fifty-ninth congress 
 at large as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress from Idaho for the term of 1907-09 ; and resides in Moscow, 
 
 Idaho. 
 
 French, George Hazen, curator Southern Illinois normal uni- 
 versity, was born March 19, 1841, in Tully, N.Y. He was edu- 
 cated at the normal school of Cortland, N.Y. ; and received the 
 degre of A.M. from the Illinois agricultural college. He was assis- 
 tant state entomologist of Illinois in 1877-78 ; and also filled that 
 position afterward for parts of two years. He has written for 
 scientific publications ; and is the author of several Monographs. 
 He now fills the chair of biology and curator in the Southern Illi- 
 nois normal university ; and resides in Carbondale, 111. 
 
 French, Thomas, educator, electrician, scientist, was born Jan. 
 15, 1848, in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1872 he graduated from Harvard 
 university took post-graduate studies in Munich polytechnic; in 
 1873 attended the Munich and Berlin universities; in 1874-76 
 studied at Heidelberg university ; and has received the degree of 
 A.M. and Ph.D. In 1878-82 he was professor of physics and math- 
 ematics at Urbana university ; and in 1883-1900 was professor of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 157 
 
 physics at the university of Cincinnati. In 1905 he entered the 
 ministry of the New Jerusalem church. He is a member of the 
 American association for the advancement of science ; and a life 
 member of the Central history society of Cincinnati, Ohio. He is 
 associate editor of the Journal of Terrestrial Magnetism ; and a 
 contributor to technical journals on physics and electrical science. 
 Freund, John C, musical editor, publisher, dramatist, was 
 born Nov. 22, 1848, in London, England. He was educated in the 
 city of London school; and in Oxford and London universities. 
 While at Oxford he founded and edited the Dark Blue Magazine. 
 In 1870 his first play, The TTnder-Graduate, was produced at the 
 Queen's theatre at London, England. Since 1871 he has been 
 connected with trade journalism in New York City ; and founded 
 and was the proprietor of the Hat, Cap and Fur Trade Review. 
 He was one of the pioneers in magazine, dramatic and musical 
 trade journalism in the United States. In 1873 he was the first 
 to start a music trade paper in the English language in New 
 York City; which later developed from it to the Musical and 
 Dramatic Times. His second play, True Nobility, was produced 
 at McVicker's theater of Chicago, 111. He has established and 
 edited several music trade papers; and is now editor and chief 
 owner of Musical America ; and is president of the Musical Amer- 
 ica company of New York City. 
 
 Fries, John William, manufacturer, banker, jurist, inventor, 
 was born Nov. 7, 1846, in Salem, N.C. He is a cotton and woolen 
 manufacturer, and president of the People's national bank of 
 Winston, N.C. He has been a justice of the peace of Forsyth 
 county, N.C. ; was presiding justice of the county court for six 
 years; and in 1899 was a delegate to the general synod of the 
 Moravian church which met in Germany. He was a member of 
 the monetary commission which proposed a plan of currency re- 
 form; and is the author of numerous articles on sound money 
 questions. He has taken out a number of American and foreign 
 patents, the most notable of which have been for improvements 
 in processes and machines for coloring cotton warps and fabrics. 
 Frizell, Horton, surgeon-general Mississippi national guard, 
 was born June 24, 1867, in Mississippi. In 1889 he graduated 
 from Vanderbilt university; and also holds a diploma from the 
 medical department of the university of Nashville. He is a suc- 
 cessful physician and surgeon of Mississippi ; and a member of 
 the leading medical societies. He is surgeon-general in the Mis- 
 sissippi national guard, with rank of colonel; and in 1904 was 
 appointed a member of the governor's staff; and resides in Dea- 
 sonville, Miss. 
 
158 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Froehlich, William H., merchant, legislator, was born June 
 22, 1857, in Jackson, Wis., his present home. He received his 
 education in the public, private and parochial schools of his native 
 town, and graduated from the Spencerian business college of 
 Milwaukee, Wis. Since 1880 he has been a dealer in general mer- 
 chandise and grain in his native city. He was postmaster during 
 1881-93 ; has been a justice of the peace since 1887 ; and a member 
 of the school board since 1891. Since 1893 he has been town 
 clerk; and was a member of the assembly of the Wisconsin state 
 legislature in 1894-98. In 1898 he was elected secretary of state. 
 
 Frost, William Goodell, educator, college president, author, 
 was born July 2, 1854, in Le Roy, N.Y. He was educated at Beloit 
 college; in 1876 graduated from Oberlin college; afterward stu- 
 died at Wooster university of Ohio and at Harvard and Gottingen 
 universities ; and has received the degrees of D.D. and Ph.D. In 
 1879-82 he was professor of Greek language and literature at 
 Oberlin college of Ohio; and since 1892 has been president of 
 Berea college of Kentucky. He is the author of Inductive Stud- 
 ies in Oratory; and Greek Primer. 
 
 Fruit, John Phelps, educator, author, was born Nov. 22, 1855, 
 in Pembroke, Ky. He has held numerous professorships in Ken- 
 tucky and Tennessee ; and since 1897 has been professor of Eng- 
 lish languages and literature in the William Jewell college. He 
 is the author of The Mind and Art of Poe's Poetry; Editor of 
 Lycidas; The Ancient Mariner; and other works. 
 
 Fryatt, Frances E., editor, author, was born in New York City. 
 For sixten years she has been engaged in editorial work. For ten 
 years she has been a specialist on home decoration in the Art Ex- 
 change ; and is a writer of monographs on the Decorative Arts, 
 is the author of Lunar Lore and Portraiture; and various other 
 articles and stories in current American periodicals. 
 
 Fryer, John, educator, author, was born Aug. 6, 1839, in Eng- 
 land. In 1861-96 he lived in China ; and translated or wrote over 
 one hundred works published in the Chinese language, besides 
 others in English. Since 1896 he has been professor of oriental 
 languages and literature in the university of California. 
 
 Fuller, Caroline Macomber, composer, author, was born Sept. 
 10, 1873, in Bangor, Maine. She was educated in the public 
 schools of Orange, N.J. ; and in 1895 graduated with the degree 
 of B.Litt. from Smith college. She is a member of the Women's 
 university club of New York City ; and resides in Princeton, N.J. 
 She is the author of Across the Campus ; The Alley Cat 's Kitten 
 also The Flight of Puss Pandora; The Shepherd of the Day 
 Three Songs from Robert Browning; Brunhilda's Paying Guest 
 and numerous songs and musical comedies. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 159 
 
 Fulmore, Zachary Taylor, soldier, lawyer, jurist, author, was 
 born Nov. 11, 1846, in Robeson county, N.C. He was educated in 
 the public schools and at the North Carolina military institute. In 
 1861-64 he attended the Bingham school; then enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in the North Carolina artillery; was in the engagements at 
 Fort Fisher ; and was a prisoner of war. In 1866-70 he attended 
 the university of Virginia; since 1871 has been engaged in the 
 practice of law in Austin, Texas ; and until 1896 was a trustee of 
 the state instituion for the blind. In 1880-86 he was county judge 
 of Travis county, Texas; in 1892 was appointed one of the three 
 commissioners to codify the laws of Texas. For nineteen years he 
 served as a member of the board of trustees of the public schools 
 for Austin ; and in 1903-08 was president of the board. He is the 
 author of Geography of Texas; History of the Geography of 
 Texas ; and other works. 
 
 Fulton, Charles William, United States senator from Oregon, 
 was born Aug. 24, 1853, in Lima, Ohio. In 1855-71 he lived in 
 Magnolia, Iowa, where he received his education. In 1873-74 he 
 taught school in Pawnee City, Neb. ; and since 1875 has practiced 
 law in Astoria, Ore. He became city attorney ; in 1888 was a presi- 
 dential elector; and in 1890-1904 was a member of the Oregon 
 state senate. He was elected to the United States senate for the 
 term of 1903-09 ; and resides in Astoria, Ore. 
 
 Fulton, James A., founder and secretary of the American 
 monetary league, was born April 17, 1874, in Allegheny county, 
 Pa. He is the author of The Other Sides of the Money Question. 
 He is city and school treasurer of McKeesport for the term of 
 1909-12; and resides in McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 Fulton, Robert Burwell, educator, scientist, was born April 8, 
 1849, in Scranton county, Ala. In 1875-1906 he was professor of 
 physics and astronomy, and in 1892-1906 was chancellor in the 
 university of Mississippi. Since 1906 he has been superintendent 
 of the Miller school of Virginia. In 1899 he was president of the 
 Southern educational association. He is the author of numerous 
 addresses and articles on educational subjects. 
 
 Funkhouser, Robert Daniel, soldier, farmer, stockraiser, was 
 born April 9, 1837, near Bentonville, Pa. In 1861 he entered the 
 confederate service as third lieutenant ; and became first lieu- 
 tenant, captain and lieutenant-colonel of company D, and the 
 forty-ninth regiment Virginia infantry. He led his regiment in 
 the charge on Fort Steadman. For twelve years he was comman- 
 der of Storen camp number fifteen hundred United confederate 
 veterans of Virginia at Strasburg, Va. ; and brigadier-general 
 commanding third brigade Virginia division United confederate 
 veterans. All his life he has been a model farmer and stockraiser ; 
 
160 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 for nineteen years was superintendent of the Shenandoah county 
 almshouse and county farm. He was for nine years a justice of 
 the peace ; for nine years was county supervisor ; and for twelve 
 years was a notary public. 
 
 Furber, Henry Jewett, lawyer, author, was born May 15, 1865, 
 in Green Bay, Wis. In 1886 he graduated with the degree of B.S. 
 from the university of Chicago ; and in 1886-90 studied in the uni- 
 versity of Berlin, Vienna, Leipzig and Halle; and has received 
 the degrees of A.M., Ph.D., and B.S. He studied law in the North- 
 western university law school ; and in 1892-94 was professor of 
 economics in that institution. In 1897-1900 he was first vice-pres- 
 ident of the National life insurance company of Washington, 
 D.C. ; and since 1897 has practiced law in New York city. He is 
 the author of several works in German ; and various contributions 
 to economical journals. 
 
 Furniss, John P., physician, surgeon, was born Sept. 24, 1841, 
 in Columbus, Miss. In 1860 he graduated from the university 
 of Mississippi. He served as assistant surgeon in the confederate 
 service during the civil war. He has been state medical referee 
 for the Mutual benefit life insurance company of Newark, N. J. ; 
 is a member of the state board of health and is now one of the 
 leading physicians of Alabama, in which state he has a large prac- 
 tice at Selma. 
 
 Gadsden, Philip Henry, lawyer, legislator, was born Oct. 4, 
 1867, in Charleston, S.C. He has served as a member of the South 
 Carolina state legislature ; and is president of the Charleston 
 consolidated railway, gas and electric company. 
 
 Gage, Lyman Judson, banker, financier, cabinet officer, was 
 born June 28, 1836, in Deruyter, N.Y. He became cashier of the 
 First National bank in Chicago in 1868. Its charter expiring, the 
 bank was reorganized in 1882, with a capital of three million dol- 
 lars ; and Mr. Gage was made vice-president and general manager 
 and in 1891 he was elected president. He was president of the 
 local corporation having charge of the Columbian World's fair 
 in 1893 ; and was also president of the civic federation. In 1897- 
 1902 he was secretary of the United States treasury. 
 
 Gage, Simon Henry, educator, physiologist, scientist, author, 
 was born May 20, 1851, in Otsego county, N.Y. In 1877 he grad- 
 uated from Cornell university; in 1878 became an assistant pro- 
 fessor ; and for many years was professor in Cornell university. 
 He has made a specialty of histology and embryology. In 1889 
 he studied in Europe. He is a fellow of the American association 
 for the advancement of science. He was one of the editors of the 
 American Journal of Anatomy. He is the author of The Micro- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 161 
 
 scope and Microscopic Methods; Anatomical Technology; and 
 numerous papers on biological subjects. 
 
 Gaines, John Wesley, United States congressman from Tennes- 
 see, was born Aug. 24, 1861, in Nashville, Tenn. In 1892 he was 
 elector on the Cleveland ticket and led in the ballot ; and after- 
 wards becoming a leading exponent of free silver in his district. 
 He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth and fifty-ninth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixtieth congress from the sixth district of Tennessee for 
 the term of 1907-09 ; and resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Galbreath, Charles Burleigh, state librarian of Ohio, was born 
 Feb. 25, 1858, near Lisbon, Ohio. His early life was spent on the 
 farm ; and at the age of seventen he began teaching in the rural 
 schools. In 1879 he completed a course in the Lisbon high school ; 
 and the same year entered Mt. Union college, from which he grad- 
 uated in 1883, subsequently receiving the degre of A.M. from 
 that institution. In 1883-85 he was superintendent of schools of 
 East Palestine, Ohio. He resigned to accept a position in Mt. 
 Hope college, of which instituion he became president. In 1885- 
 93 he was also school examiner for Columbiana county, Ohio ; and 
 for two years was editor of The Reveille, now The Reveille Echo. 
 He is the author of Sketches of Ohio Librarian ; First Newspaper 
 in Ohio ; Song Writers of Ohio ; Shall the State Kill, a word on 
 Capital Punishment ; and several monographs. Since 1896 he has 
 been state librarian of Ohio ; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Gallagher, Nicholas Aloysius, college president, bishop, was 
 born Feb. 19, 1846, in Temperanceville, Ohio. He attended the 
 St. Mary's seminary of Cincinati, Ohio; was ordained a priest in 
 1868; in 1871-75 was president of St. Aloysius' seminary of Co- 
 lumbus, Ohio ; and was also pastor of St. Patrick's church of that 
 city. In 1878-80 he was administrator of the diocese of Colum- 
 bus; vicar-general in 1880-82, when he was consecrated Roman 
 catholic bishop of Galveston, Texas. 
 
 Gallizier, Nathan, litterateur, author, was born Feb. 8, 1866. 
 in Milan, Italy. He was educated at the Royal college of Lud- 
 wigsburg, Germany ; since 1882 has been a resident of the United 
 tates and resides in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has contributed exten- 
 sively to periodical literature; and is the author of numerous 
 works in English and German. He is the author of Ignis Fatuus ; 
 A Dream from the Rococo; Castel del Monte, a romance of the 
 fall of the Hohenstauffer dynasty in Italy ; The Sorceress of Rome, 
 a tale of the Millennium; Lucrezia Borgia, a tale of the Renais- 
 sance ; and several other works. 
 
 Gallup, Asa Oran, lawyer, manager, was born Sept. 24, 1865, 
 in Alexandria, Va. In 1888 he graduated with the degree of B.A. 
 
162 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from Yale university ; and subsequently with the degree of L.L.B. 
 from the New York law school. In 1889-90 he was examiner in 
 science in the New York state university. In 1890-91 he was re- 
 porting clerk in the university state of New York ; in 1892-95 
 chief clerk; and in 1892-95 was deputy secretary. Since 1900 he 
 has been secretary, treasurer and general manager of Lake Placid 
 club of Essex county, N.Y. He has been president of the anti- 
 saloon league. In 1908 he was republican presidential elector 
 from the twenty-sixth congressional district ; and has held various 
 other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Gannett, William H., state representative of Maine, was born 
 in 1851, in Augusta, Maine. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state. About 1888 he began the publication of a 
 family paper entitled Comfort, which now has a circulation of 
 over one million copies. Since 1903 he has been a representative 
 of the Maine state legislature ; and resides in Augusta, Maine. 
 
 Garden, Hugh Richardson, soldier, lawyer, was born July 9, 
 1840, in Sumter, S.C. He graduated from South Carolina college. 
 In 1861 he enlisted in the civil war ; and supervised the construc- 
 tion of cannon using up many church bells of South Carolina 
 towns. After the close of the civil war, he studied law and prac- 
 ticed for fifteen years in Warrenton, Va. For two years he was 
 president of the New York southern society. For many years he 
 was identified with the affairs of the south ; and now practices 
 law in New York City. 
 
 Gardener, Cornelius, army officer, founder, was born Sept. 4, 
 1849, in Netherlands, Europe. He was educated at Holland acad- 
 emy; at Hope college of Holland, Mich., from which institution 
 he received the degrees of A.B. ; and graduated from West Point 
 military academy. He has been second lieutenant, first lieutenant 
 and also captain of the nineteenth United States infantry ; major 
 in the thirteenth infantry; lieutenant-colonel in the twenty-first 
 infantry; colonel in the thirty-first Michigan volunteers; and 
 colonel of the thirtieth United States volunteers. During the 
 Spanish, Cuban and Philippine wars he was civil governor of the 
 province of Tayabas, Luzon, P.I. ; and while civil governor of that 
 province reported to the war department the tortures and cruel- 
 ties of native Philippines by soldiers. While stationed in Michi- 
 gan, he was the originator and in charge of the popular Pingree 
 potato patches at Detroit, Mich. He is now colonel of the six- 
 teenth infantry, United States army. He is a member of th% 
 geographical society of California; a member of the Order of 
 Indian Wars, and other societies. 
 
 Gardiner, Joseph Warren, lawyer, jurist, poet, was born March 
 2, 1836, in North Kingstown, R.I. He studied medicine for two 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 163 
 
 years and subsequently engaged in educational work. He has 
 lived in various states of the Union ; has published several news- 
 papers, and was the editor and owner of the Dixie Optic of Jeffer- 
 son, N.C. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar, and has attained 
 success as a lawyer at Brewster, Neb., where he has been prose- 
 cuting attorney, and has been a successful judge. He has served 
 as United States pension agent and has filled various public posi- 
 tions of honor. He has contributed extensively both prose and 
 verse to the periodical press, and many of his poems have been 
 incorporated into standard works. 
 
 Garrigan, Philip Joseph, clergyman, bishop, was born in Ire- 
 land. He was educated in the public schools; at St. Charles col- 
 lege in Maryland ; and in philological and theological studies at 
 the Provincial seminary at Troy, N.Y. In 1870 he was ordained 
 priest; and in 1872-75 was a director of the Troy seminary. In 
 1875-88 he was pastor of St. Bernard's church of Fitchburg, Mass. 
 He was called to assist as vice-rector in establishing a catholic 
 university in Washington, D.C. In 1902 he was consecrated 
 Roman catholic bishop of the diocese of Sioux City, Iowa. 
 
 Garrigus, Milton, soldier, educator, lawyer, statesman, was 
 born on Sept. 27, 1831, in Wayne county, Ind. For seventeen 
 terms he taught school, and in 1859-60 was school examiner, and 
 he was also postmaster at Greentown. During the war he served 
 as captain and acting adjutant on the staff of General Mason of 
 the regular army during 1864-65. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1859, and since 1889 has been president of the Howard county 
 bar association. For three years he was superintendent of schools, 
 and in 1878 was elected state senator, serving with distinction for 
 four years. He was twice elected county auditor, his second term 
 of four years expiring in 1900. He has been chairman of the re- 
 publican county committee for fifteen terms. He is one of the 
 Indiana commissioners to erect monuments for Indiana troops on 
 Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain battlefields. 
 He was twice commander of his post of the Grand army of the 
 republic, and has been inspector-general of Indiana. 
 
 Garthe, Steiner C, farmer, fruit grower, public official, jurist, 
 was born in 1851 in Norway. He was educated in the common 
 and parochial schools in Norway ; and in 1868 came to Northport, 
 Mich. He has attained prominence as a successful farmer and 
 fruit grower of Leelanau county, Mich. ; for fourteen years served 
 faithfully as supervisor of Leelanau township; and has always 
 been interested in the progressive welfare and good government 
 of his county. He was the judge of the probate court for Lee- 
 lanau county for the term of 1904-08. 
 
164 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Gary, Elbert Henry, lawyer, jurist, banker, was born Oct. 8 
 1846, in Wheaton, 111. He was educated in the public schools ; at 
 Wheaton college ; and in 1867 he graduated from the law depart- 
 ment of the Chicago university. In 1867 he was admitted to the 
 practice of law in Illinois; and in 1878 was admitted to practice 
 in the supreme court of the United States. He was general counsel 
 of several railroad companies, manufactories and other corpora- 
 tions. In 1893-94 he was president of the Chicago bar association. 
 He was connected with the organization of the Federal steel com- 
 pany ; and in 1898 retired from the practice of law to become pres- 
 ident of that company. He was prominently identified with the 
 organization of the United States steel company. He is chairman 
 of the board of directors of the Allis-Chalmers company ; president 
 of the Gary-Wheaton bank of Wheaton, 111. ; and is a director of 
 several banks in Chicago, New York and many other corporations. 
 He is a trustee of the Northwestern university ; and is the builder 
 of the Gary memorial church in Wheaton, Ind. He is the real 
 founder of Gary, Ind., destined to become the greatest steel manu- 
 facturing city in America. 
 
 Gast, Frederick Augustus, clergyman, educator, was born Oct. 
 17, 1835, in Lancaster county, Pa. In 1867 he became rector of the 
 academy of Franklin and Marshall college, and in 1871 he was 
 appointed tutor in the theological seminary, when he was trans- 
 ferred from Mercersburg to Lancaster. In 1909 he was professor 
 of Hebrew and old testament theology; and after a continuous 
 service of thirty-seven years was retired as professor emeritus. 
 
 Gaston, Samuel Burns, farmer, legislator, was born Dec. 19, 
 1855, near Roanoke, Ala. He has taken a prominent part in the 
 religious and social affairs of his community, and in 1892 and 
 again in 1896 represented his county in the state democratic con- 
 ventions. In 1896-97 he served with distinction as a member of 
 the Alabama state legislature; and in 1900 was a candidate for 
 that office. He writes extensively for the periodical press, and is 
 a successful farmer of Wildwood, Ala. He is also prominent in 
 Masonic circles; and was president of a lodge in the Farmer's 
 alliance for several years. 
 
 Gates, Elmer, psychologist, inventor, scientist, author, was 
 born in 1859 in Dayton, Ohio. He received a thorough education 
 in public and private schools; and was always interested in ex- 
 perimental study of the natural sciences, especially in psychology. 
 He is the founder and director of the Elmer Gates laboratory of 
 psychology and psychurgy at Chevy Chase, Md. He has four lab- 
 oratories and eighteen assistants. He is the inventor of the elec- 
 tric loom; and the dramaquelic and magnetic gold and iron sep- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 165 
 
 arators. He is the author of numerous scientific articles; and of 
 Psychology and Psychurgy, in three volumes. 
 
 Gates George Augustus, educator, clergyman, college presi- 
 dent, author, was born Jan. 24, 1851, in Topsham, Vt. He is a 
 clergyman of the congregational church. In 1887-1901 he was 
 president of Iowa college; and since 1902 has been president of 
 the Pomona college at Claremont, Cal. He is the author of A Foe 
 to American Schools. , . 
 
 Gaynor, William J., lawyer, jurist, was born in 1851 in Whites- 
 town, N.Y. In 1893-1907 he was a justice of the supreme court 
 
 of New York. 
 
 Gazzam, Joseph M., lawyer, banker, statesman, was born Dec 
 2 1842 in Pittsburg, Pa. He received a thorough education ; and 
 graduated from the Western university of Pennsylvania. In 1864 
 he was admitted to the practice of law; and several years later 
 was admitted to practice in the supreme courts of Pennsylvania 
 and the United States. In 1864-79 he practiced his profession m 
 Pittsburg; and was a member of the city council. In 1879 he 
 moved to Philadelphia; and his practice has been almost exclu- 
 sively in connection with corporate enterprises and interests. He 
 has attained success as one of the foremost lawyers of his native 
 state; and enjoys a large practice. He has served with distinc- 
 tion as a member of the Pennsylvania state senate. He is presi- 
 dent of the Quaker City national bank ; president of the Keml- 
 worth land company of Asheville, N.C. ; president of the Rees 
 Walsh law and digest publishing company ; and an officer or di- 
 rector of the Union league club; the Lawyers' club; the Franklin 
 institute and the historical society of Pennsylvania, and a member 
 of the Reform club of New York City, and various other clubs 
 
 find ^inoiptips 
 
 Gearin, John M., United States senator from Oregon, was born 
 in Umatilla, Ore., Aug. 15, 1851; educated in the public schools; 
 elected a member of the state legislature in 1874 and city attorney 
 of Portland in 1876 ; though a democrat in politics he had the in- 
 dorsement of the republicans and was appointed United States 
 senator to fill an unexpired term. 
 
 Genth, Frederick A., chemist, scientist, was born Feb. 12, 1855, 
 in Philadelphia, Pa., and is a son of the late Dr. Frederick A. 
 Genth. In 1883-88 he was assistant professor of chemistry at the 
 university of Pennsylvania. Since 1888 he has been engaged in 
 general practice as an analytical and expert chemist of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. ; and acted as chemist to the state pharmaceutical exam- 
 ining board of Pennsylvania. . 
 
 Geraghty, Martin J., clergyman, was born Nov. 11, 1867, in 
 Carthage N.Y. In 1882-85 he studied in the Villanova college ; 
 
166 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 in 1885 entered the Augustinian novitiate ; and in 1890 was or- 
 dained a priest of the Roman catholic church. He fills a pastor- 
 ate in Chestnut Hill, Pa.; and since 1904 has been prior of the 
 provincial of the order in the United States. He founded the St. 
 Rita's hall, Villanova. 
 
 Gibbs, William J., lawyer, was born Feb. 15, 1847, in Bienville 
 Parish, La. He graduated in law from the Washington and Lee 
 university with the degree of B.L. He is a prominent lawyer and 
 real estate dealer of Corsicana, Texas, where he has held the office 
 of city attorney for three terms. He has served as mayor of 
 Mexia; and has been justice of the peace of Limestone county, 
 Texas. 
 
 Gibney, Virgil Pendleton, orthopedic surgeon, author, was 
 born Sept. 29, 1847, in Jessamine county, Ky. He has been for 
 several years surgeon-in-chief to hospital for ruptured and crip- 
 pled ; consulting orthopedic surgeon to the nursery and child's 
 hospital of New York City ; and professor in medical department 
 Columbia university. He is the author of The Hip and Its Dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Gibson, Paris, manufacturer, founder, United States senator, 
 was born July 1, 1830, in Brownfield, Maine. In 1858 he settled 
 in Minneapolis, Minn. ; and built, with W. W. Eastman, the first 
 flour mill and first woolen mill in Minneapolis. In 1882 he first 
 examined the Falls of the Missouri ; and at once founded the city 
 of Great Falls. In 1889 he was a member of the convention that 
 framed the constitution of Montana. In 1891 he was elected state 
 senator of Montana ; and in 1901-03 he was United States senator 
 from Montana. 
 
 Giddings, Charles, lawyer, statesman, was born May 10, 1867, 
 in Great Barrington, Mass. He received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools at Williams ' college ; and in the law department of New 
 York university. He is a successful lawyer of his native town; 
 and in 1894 served as a member of the Massachusetts house of rep- 
 resentatives. He has contributed to current literature valuable 
 articles on law and government. 
 
 Gilbreath, Sidney Gordon, educator, was born April 13, 1869, 
 in Monroe county, Tenn. He was county superintendent of schools 
 in 1891-95 ; was state superintendent in 1895-97 ; was president of 
 Hiwassee college in 1897-99; and in 1899-1903 was professor in 
 the Peabody college for teachers of the university of Nashville. 
 Since 1903 he has been superintendent of the Chattanooga public 
 schools. In 1897-98 he was president of the Tennessee state teach- 
 ers' association. In 1895-99 he was a member of the state board 
 of education ; and from 1899 was a conductor of state summer in- 
 stitutes. In 1903-08 he was superintendent of the Chattanooga 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 167 
 
 public schools. He died Jan. 1, 1909, in Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Gilbert, Newton Whiting, judge court of first instance at Ma- 
 nila, Philippine Islands, was born Oct. 24, 1863, in Worthington, 
 Ohio. He was educated in the common schools of Indiana and 
 at the Ohio state university, Columbus, Ohio. He is a lawyer by 
 profession ; and has held the office of state senator and lieutenant- 
 governor of the state of Indiana. In the war with Spain he was 
 captain of company H, one hundred and fifty-seventh Indiana 
 volunteer infantry. He was elected to the fifty-ninth congress 
 from the twelfth district of Indiana for the term of 1905-07 ; and 
 resigned from congress to accept an appointment as judge of the 
 court of first instance at Manila, Philippine Islands. 
 
 Gilbertson, G. S., state treasurer of Iowa, was born Oct. 17, 
 1863, in Spring Grove, Houston county, Minn. He was educated 
 in the public schools of his native state. For seven years he was 
 clerk of the district court ; and for four years was a member of the 
 Iowa state senate. He is president of the Forest City national 
 bank of Forest City, Iowa, which was established in 1895. Since 
 1900 he has been treasurer of the state of Iowa; and resides in 
 Forest City, Iowa. 
 
 Gildersleeve, Oliver, merchant, shipbuilder, was born March 
 6, 1844, in Gildersleeve, Conn. He was educated in the district 
 school of his native town ; attended Chase private school in Mid- 
 dletown; and studied in the public high schools of Hartford, 
 Conn. At seventeen years of age he began his business life in his 
 father's shipyard; and for ten years continued to work as a prac- 
 tical shipbuilder, interspersed by frequent trips to the United 
 States, Canada and Europe. His firm built the United States gun- 
 boat Cayuga in 1861 ; and the shipyard has built over one hundred 
 and fifty vessels since he became connected with the business. He 
 is president of the Portland water company of Connecticut ; pres- 
 ident of the Middlesex quarry company of Portland, Conn. ; pres- 
 ident of the Phoenix lead mining company of Silvercliff, Col.; 
 president of the Gildersleeve shipbuilding company, organized in 
 1909; is president and treasurer of the Portland manufacturing 
 company ; and a trustee and director in various other financial and 
 industrial corporations. Since 1872 he has been superintendent of 
 the Sunday school of Trinity church at Portland, Conn. ; and in 
 1900 established a memorial fund in connection with Trinity 
 church. He is chairman of the committee on river improvement 
 and the association for the permanent improvement of the lower 
 Connecticut river ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust 
 and honor. 
 
 Gillett, Oren M., lawyer, banker, was born March 12, 1850, in 
 Bergen, N.Y. In 1881-90 he was clerk of the district and circuit 
 
168 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 courts of Buchanan county, Iowa ; in 1890-92 he was cashier of the 
 Commercial state bank of Independence, Iowa; and since 1892 
 has been president of that financial institution. 
 
 Gillette, Edwin Fraser, designer, architect, was born Oct. 19, 
 1863, in Chicago, 111. In 1869-71 he studied in France ; in 1872-73 
 studied in California; in 1874 continued his studies in Chicago, 
 111. ; in 1875 in Dresden, Germany ; and in 1876-79 in Switzerland. 
 In 1880-84 he attended the Rensselaer polytechnic institute of 
 Troy, N.Y. ; and in 1906 graduated with the degree of B.S. from 
 Armour's institute of technology at Chicago, 111. In 1885 he took 
 charge of the office of E. L. Gillette, for real estate and renting ; 
 and since 1892 has been manager of the office of the estate of E. 
 L. Gillette. Since 1902 he has been vice-president of the Strang 
 engine company; and since 1906 has been a licensed architect of 
 Chicago, 111. In 1891 he traveled around the world ; and in 1902- 
 03 was in Japan. 
 
 Gilliam, David Tod, soldier, educator, surgeon, author, was 
 born April 3, 1844, in Hebron, Ohio. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools, Bartlett's commercial college of Cincinnati, and at 
 the medical college of Ohio, receiving the degree of M.D. In 1862 
 he enlisted in the second regiment of Virginia cavalry ; and was 
 elected corporal. He was with Garfield in the march against 
 Humphrey Marshall on Big Sandy River, Ky. He was sent to 
 Wheeling as a recruiting officer. He later ascended the Kanawha 
 river and took part in many skirmishes. He was discharged in 
 1863. Since 1868 he has practiced medicine in Columbus, Ohio. 
 He was elected president of the Columbus academy of medicine. 
 He has been a professor of gynecology at the Starling medical col- 
 lege; and gynecologist to St. Anthony's and St. Francis hospitals. 
 He is the author of Pocket Book of Medicine ; and Essentials of 
 Practical Gynecology. 
 
 Gilman, Theodore, banker, author, was born Jan. 2, 1841, in 
 Alton, 111. He has been a banker for forty years. He has also 
 been chairman, treasurer, director, trustee and president of va- 
 rious railways and other business and financial corporations. He 
 was the president of the young men's christian association of 
 Yonkers, N.Y. ; and is a fellow of the national academy of design. 
 He is the author of A Graded Banking System ; Federal Clearing 
 House ; and other works. 
 
 Glassmann, William, journalist, statesman, was born Nov. 12, 
 1858, in Davenport, Iowa. In 1871 he left home and went west to 
 seek his fortune. In 1890 he was one of the first republican or- 
 ganizers in the state of Utah ; and has always taken an active part 
 in political affairs. He is now the editor and proprietor of The 
 Evening Standard and Morning Examiner of Ogden, Utah, a re- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 169 
 
 publican newspaper, which has become very popular in the west. 
 He has filled many positions of honor in his adopted state, having 
 served as a representative in the Utah state legislature ; and was 
 speaker in the fourth legislature of Utah. He is a successful ora- 
 tor and political speaker. He was mayor of Ogden City for two 
 terms during 1901-06. In 1906-09 he was postmaster of Ogden, 
 Utah. 
 
 Glennan, Arthur Henry, government surgeon, scientist, was 
 born July 28, 1853, in Rochester, N.Y. He graduated in medicine 
 from the medical department of the university City of New York. 
 In 1883 he was appointed assistant surgeon in the United States 
 marine hospital service; in 1886 became past assistant surgeon; 
 in 1898 was commissioned surgeon; and in 1903 was detailed as 
 assistant surgeon-general. In 1883-97 he was in command of 
 United States marine hospital and quarantine stations at various 
 points ; and in 1897-98 served in the yellow fever epidemic in the 
 south. During General Shaffer's expedition to Cuba he was san- 
 itary expert and inspector on the west coast of Florida; in 1899 
 was detailed to organize the quarantine service in the island of 
 Porto Rico; and in 1900 was detailed upon the staff of Major- 
 General Leonard Wood as chief quarantine officer of Cuba. He is 
 a member of the association of military surgeons ; a member of 
 the University club and various other societies and organizations. 
 
 Glick, George Washington, soldier, lawyer, governor, was 
 born July 4, 1827, in Greencastle, Ohio. He began the practice of 
 law in Fremont, Ohio ; and from 1859 continued the practice of 
 law in Atchison, Kan. During 1863-82 he served seven terms in 
 the Kansas state legislature. He enlisted in the Mexican war, 
 but saw no service ; and served in the civil war a short time. In 
 1883-85 he was the ninth governor of Kansas. In 1885-92 he was 
 United States pension agent for the Topeka agency. He was a 
 commissioner to the Centennial, World's Columbian and St. 
 Louis expositions. In 1874-1903 he was engaged in farming and 
 stock raising; for thirty-two years he has been a member of the 
 Kansas state board of agriculture ; and in 1902-04 was its presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Goddard, Luther M., lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 27, 1840, in 
 Palmyra, N.Y. In 1882-94 he was judge of the fifty judicial dis- 
 trict of Colorado. Since 1901 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Colorado. 
 
 Godfrey, Calvin P., state senator of Ohio, was born April 11, 
 1863, in Ottawa, Ohio. He graduated from the high school of 
 Ottawa, Ohio ; and subsequently graduated from the school of 
 pharmacy at the university of Michigan. For thirteen years he 
 was engaged in the drug business ; for eight years was connected 
 
170 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 with the newspaper business ; and at the present has a general in- 
 terest in several business enterprises. For two years he was city 
 councilman of Fostoria, Ohio ; for eight years was a trustee of 
 the Toledo medical college ; and for seven years was a member of 
 the board of health of Ottawa, Ohio. He served two terms as a 
 member of the Ohio state senate and was the author of The Con- 
 stitutional amendment giving Ohio 's governor the veto power one 
 hundred years after their admission into the union. Since 1902 
 he has been a member of the Ohio state senate; and resides in 
 Ottawa, Ohio. 
 
 Goodland, John, lawyer, jurist, was born Aug. 10, 1831, in 
 Taunton, England. In 1849-54 he lived in the state of New York ; 
 and since then has resided in Wisconsin. In 1854-64 he lived in 
 Sharon; then entered the service of the Chicago and North- 
 western railroad in Chicago. In 1867 he went to Appleton as 
 their local agent; and resigned in 1874. He then studied law, 
 and in 1888 was elected district attorney of Outagamie county, 
 Wis. In 1891 he was elected circuit judge of the tenth circuit ; 
 and received the re-election in 1897 and 1903 ; is now serving his 
 fourth term ending in 1916; and resides in Appleton, Wis. 
 
 Goodrich, Alfred John, educator, musician, composer, author, 
 was born May 8, 1847, in Chilo, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 public schools of San Francisco and Sacramento, Cal. In 1876 he 
 became a teacher of piano, singing and theory in the Fort Wayne 
 conservatory of music ; and in 1881 became a teacher of singing 
 and theory in the Beethoven conservatory at St. Louis, Mo. In 
 1888-99 he was engaged in writing textbooks in Chicago, 111.; 
 and since 1899 has been associated with Mrs. Goodrich in con- 
 ducting a private music school in New York City. Since 1894 he 
 has been a contributor of articles on the theory, practice and 
 esthetics of musical art for the New York Musical Courier. He 
 is also a composer of songs and chamber music and arrangements 
 for orchestra; and his orchestration of Rheinberger Tarantella 
 was successfully performed by the exposition orchestra at St. 
 Louis in 1904. He is the author of Music as a Language ; Com- 
 plete Music Analysis; Analytical Harmony; Theory of Interpre- 
 tation ; The Art of Song ; Guide in Memorizing ; System of Strict 
 Counterpoint ; and other works. 
 
 Gordon, Charles Benjamin William, clergyman, journalist, au- 
 thor, was born Nov. 1, 1861, in Colerain, N.C. He was educated 
 at the Union university of Richmond, Va. He has attained suc- 
 cess as a pastor of the baptist church of Petersburg, Va. ; and 
 since 1886 has been editor of The National Pilot. He is founder 
 of the American institute and the National orphan home ; and has 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 171 
 
 been president of the national orphan and educational associa- 
 tion since 1891. He is the author of Select Sermons. 
 
 Gordon, 0. B., chairman Arkansas state democratic commit- 
 tee, was born Nov. 7, 1860, in Tatnal county, Ga. He received a 
 thorough education in the public schools. For ten years he was 
 chairman of the Nevada county democratic central committee ; 
 and then was elected chairman of the state democratic central 
 committee. Early in life he attained success in the practice of 
 law in the supreme and inferior courts ; and is now cashier of the 
 Nevada county bank. He is deputy paymaster-general of the 
 Arkansas state national guard, with rank of colonel. For many 
 years he has been chairman of the Arkansas democratic state 
 committee ; and resides in Prescott, Ark. 
 
 Gould, George Milbry, soldier, physician, author, was born 
 Nov. 8, 1848, in Auburn, Maine. In 1861 he accompanied the six- 
 ty-third regiment Ohio volunteers to the front as a drummer boy ; 
 two years later was discharged for disability; and in 1865 again 
 enlisted in the one hundred and forty-first regiment Ohio volun- 
 teer infantry, with which he served until the close of the war. 
 Since 1888 he has practiced medicine in Philadelphia, Pa., making 
 a specialty of diseases of the eye. In 1892-94 he was ophthalmolo- 
 gist to the Philadelphia hospital ; in 1891-95 he was editor of the 
 Medical News; and in 1898-1900 was editor of the Philadelphia 
 Medical Journal; and since 1900 has been editor of American 
 Medicine. In 1893-94 he was president of the American Academy 
 of Medicine. He is the author of a series of Medical Dictionaries ; 
 Diseases of the Eye ; Suggestions to Medical Writers ; Biographic 
 Clinics; The Meaning and Method of Life; Borderland Studies; 
 An Autumn Singer ; Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine ; 
 American Year-Book of Medicine and Surgery ; Cyclopedia of 
 Medicine and other works ; and resides in Ithaca, N.Y. 
 
 Gould, Will Daniel, educator, lawyer, was born Sept. 17, 1845, 
 in Cabot, Vt. He received the rudiments of his education at the 
 public and high schools of his native city; the academies of St. 
 Johnsbury and Barre, Vt. ; and in 1871 graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Michigan. He became principal of the graded schools 
 at Passumpsic, Marshfield and Plainfleld, Vt. ; and was superin- 
 tendent of schools in his native town when twenty-one years of 
 age. In 1872 he settled in Los Angeles, Cal., where he has since 
 been successfully engaged in the active practice of law; and re- 
 sides in Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Gove, William Henry, lawyer, manufacturer, statesman, was 
 born Sept. 3, 1851, in South Berwick, Maine. He Avas educated in 
 the public schools of his native town ; attended Oak Grove sem- 
 inary of Vassalboro; in 1869 graduated from the high school of 
 
172 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Lynn, Mass. ; in 1876 graduated with the degree of A.B. from Har- 
 vard college; and in 1877 graduated with the degree of LL.D. 
 from Harvard law school. He is a successful lawyer and mana- 
 ger of: manufacturing corporations at Salem, Mass. In 1878-81 
 he was a member of the school committee of Lynn, Mass. ; in 1894- 
 96 was alderman of Salem, Mass. ; and in 1903-04 was a represen- 
 tative in the Massachusetts state legislature; in 1908 he was an 
 alternate delegate from the sixth Massachusetts congressional 
 district to the republican national convention at Chicago; and 
 has held numerous other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Gowan, Albert W., receiver United States land office, was born 
 May 16, 1846, in Rushford, N. Y. During the civil war he enlisted 
 in battery M, first regiment United States artillery, and served 
 three years. In 1871 he moved to Osborne county, Kan., and 
 helped to organize that county, and in 1881 was its representative 
 in the Kansas state legislature. In 1882 he moved to Oregon and 
 settled in Joseph, Union county, now Wallowa, and took up the 
 practice of law. In 1888 he organized company I, third regiment 
 Oregon national guard, and for two years was first lieutenant. 
 In 1890 he became clerk in the United States land office at Burns, 
 Ore. ; and also practiced law. In 1892 he became a representative 
 in the Oregon state legislature ; and in 1894-98 was a member of 
 the state senate. In 1893-96 he was captain of troop A, Oregon 
 national guard; and now holds the same rank in the reserve 
 corps. He is now receiver in the United States land office ; and 
 resides in Burns, Ore. 
 
 Grafly, Charles, artist, sculptor, was born Dec. 3, 1862, in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of Phil- 
 adelphia ; and in 1879-84 learned the art of reproducing figures in 
 marble at Struther's marble works. During that period he also 
 attended art classes ; and in 1884-88 studied modeling and paint- 
 ing at the Pennsylvania academy of fine arts. He then for two 
 years studied sculpture and drawing in Paris. He is a member of 
 the society of American Artists, the Art club of Philadelphia and 
 the Council of National Sculpture society. He received a gold 
 medal at the Charleston exhibition; and was a member of the 
 international jury of awards in the sculpture department at the 
 St. Louis World's Fair of 1904. In 1893 he received a medal at 
 the World's Columbian exposition; in 1895 a silver medal from 
 the Atlanta exposition ; and in 1901 a gold medal from the Buf- 
 falo exposition. His principal works are Vulture of War, Symbol 
 of Life, From Generation to Generation, Portrait of My Mother, 
 and a Portrait of Mrs. Charles Grafly, which was exhibted and 
 received a gold medal at the International Exposition of Paris 
 in 1900 ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 173 
 
 Granger, Daniel Lamed Davis, United States congressman 
 from Rhode Island, was born May 30, 1852, in Providence, R.I. 
 He graduated from Brown university in 1874; was admitted to 
 the Rhode Island bar in 1887 ; and entered upon the practice of 
 law in Providence. He was twice elected reading clerk of the 
 house of representees, in 1890 he was elected city treasurer of 
 Providence on the democratic ticket, and for eleven years served 
 in that capacity. He was mayor in 1901-03. He was a member 
 of the fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses from Rhode Island 
 as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress from 
 the first district of Rhode Island for the term of 1907-09 ; and re- 
 sides in Providence, R.I. 
 
 Grant, Abraham, clergyman, bishop, was born Aug. 25, 1848, 
 in Lake City, Fla. In 1873 he was licensed to preach in the Afri- 
 can methodist episcopal church ; filled pastorates in San Antonio 
 and Austin, Texas; and became presiding elder and vice-presi- 
 dent of the Paul Quinn college at "Waco, Texas. He has been 
 bishop consecutively of the ninth, first and fourth districts; and 
 is now in charge of the fifth district. He was president of the 
 board of trustees of Wilberforce university ; and is now president 
 of the board of trustees of the Western university. For four 
 years he has been president of the board of publication of his 
 church ; and for twelve years president of the church extension 
 board. 
 
 Grant, Isaac, judge Osceola county probate court of Michigan, 
 was born Jan. 25, 1846, in St. Johns, Mich. He was educated in 
 the public and private schools of St. Johns, Mich. During the 
 civil war he served as first corporal and sergeant in 1863-65 ; was 
 in fifty-two different battles and skirmishes ; was in the Stoneman 
 raid; and always in the saddle. For two terms he was sheriff; 
 and for one term was United States deputy marshal. For many 
 years he was engaged in the milling and elevator business. For 
 one term he was commander of Steadman post, Grand Army of 
 the Republic; and for one term aide-de-camp on Gen. Kidd's staff, 
 department of Michigan, Grand Army of the Republic. He was 
 also aide-de-camp under commander Anthony's staff, state de- 
 partment of Michigan ; aide-de-camp to General Black, national 
 department Grand Army of the Republic ; and is now aide-de- 
 camp on Gen. Blackmer, John R. King, commandery, commander 
 in chief on staff under Commander Cannon, department of Michi- 
 gan, Grand Army of the Republic. He is judge of the probate 
 court for Osceola county for the term of 1905-09 ; and resides in 
 Reed City, Mich. 
 
 Grant, Robert Parks, soldier, manufacturer, banker, was born 
 May 6, 1844, in Neversink, N.Y. In 1863 he recruited Company C, 
 
]74 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Ninety-second Regiment New York National Guard ; became cap- 
 tain and drill-master; and in 1865 became colonel. For several 
 years he was engaged in the tanning business; and subsequently 
 built a tannery in Cameron county, Pa., buying the bark on a ten 
 thousand-acre tract. In 1873 he established the Farmers' and 
 Mechanics' bank of Fort Madison, Iowa; and in 1876 returned 
 to New York and founded the National Exchange bank of Clay- 
 ton, N.Y., with which he is still connected. He is managing owner 
 of six cheese factories in Jefferson county, and a stockholder in 
 nineteen national banks. He is president of the Watertown Pro- 
 duce Exchange ; president State Dairy Board of Trade ■ and re- 
 sides in Clayton, N.Y. 
 
 Graves, Anson Rogers, clergyman, bishop, was born April 13, 
 1842, in Wells, Vt. When five years of age he moved with his 
 parents to Illinois ; received the rudiments of his education in the 
 common schools; and subsequently he graduated from the Rut- 
 land high school and Hobart college. He has received the degrees 
 of S.T.D. and LL.D. In his junior year he took both the White 
 and Cobb essay prizes. After graduating in 1866 he studied law 
 and taught school; but after two years he entered the General 
 Theological seminary. After twelve years of work as a clergy- 
 man in the episcopal church in parishes east and west, he became 
 rector of the Gethsemane church of Minneapolis, Minn. ; and in 
 1890 was consecrated misionary protestant episcopal bishop of 
 western Nebraska. 
 
 Graves, Erwin Ralph, manufacturer, banker, was born May 
 14, 1865, in Hancock, Maine. For many years he was associated 
 with the Provident institution for savings, of Boston, Mass.; in 
 1905 he went to New York City ; and is now president and direc- 
 tor of the First national bank of Belleville, N.J. He is director 
 of the European- American bank of New York City ; vice-president 
 and general manager of the Kornit manufacturing company ; and 
 a director and treasurer of various other corporations. He has 
 traveled in America and Europe; has held important positions in 
 the Ancient and honorable artillery company of Boston ; and is a 
 member of the New York athletic club and various other clubs 
 and societies. 
 
 Gray, Truman, educator, planter, merchant, statesman, was 
 born April 5, 1854, in Wayne county, Miss. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the public schools of his native state; 
 and attended the Mississippi college at Clinton. He engaged in 
 educational work; and became county superintendent of public 
 instruction. He is a successful planter and merchant; and is 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 Boise, Miss. He served with distinction as a member of the Mis- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 175 
 
 sissipip state senate from the second senatorial district ; and was 
 on several important committees. He has held various other po- 
 sitions of trust and honor ; and has always been actively identified 
 with the busines and public affairs of his city, county and state. 
 
 Greeley, Edwin Seneca, soldier, merchant, banker, was born 
 May 20, 1832, in Nashua, Nil. In 1855 he settled in New Haven, 
 Conn. lie learned the machinist trade. At the beginning of the 
 civil Avar he entered the union army as first lieutenant ; advanced 
 through all intermediate grades to colonel of the famous tenth 
 regiment of Connecticut volunteers; and was brevetted brigadier- 
 general for gallant and meritorious service. He became president- 
 general of the national society sons of the American revolution. 
 
 Green, Edward Howland Robinson, railroad president, capital- 
 ist, was born Aug. 22, 1868, in London, England; and is the son of 
 Mrs. Hetty Green, the richest woman in America. He graduated 
 from Fordham college of New York; and subsequently he studied 
 law in Chicago, 111. After admission to the bar, he entered the 
 railway service, and served consecutively as clerk, foreman, su- 
 perintendent and general manager; and is to-day the youngest 
 railroad president in the world, being president of the Texas Mid- 
 land railroad, residing at Terrell. He is a director and stock- 
 holder in numerous banks, and personally looks after his mother's 
 vast real estate interests in the west and southwest. He is serv- 
 ing his second term as chairman of the republican party of 
 Texas; in 1900 was delegate at large to the republican national 
 convention; and has been tendered the nomination for governor 
 on various occasions. He organized and is president of the fa- 
 mous Tarpon club. 
 
 Green, Horton Buxton, educator, clergyman, composer, was 
 born Oct. 20, 1852, in Johnstown, Ohio. In 1852 he moved with 
 his parents to Carroll county, 111. He received the rudiments of 
 his education in the common schools, and attended the Northern 
 college of Fulton, and subsequently the Cumnock school of ora- 
 tory of Evanston, 111. For a while he was engaged in educational 
 work; and since 1885 has been a clergyman of the methodist epis- 
 copal church. He has filled pastorates in the Northwest Iowa 
 conference in Ashton, Inwood, Rock Valley and Sutherland. He 
 is the author of a number of sacred and popular songs, both of 
 the words and music, which have appeared in sheet form and in 
 several standard collections. 
 
 Green, James Monroe, educator, author, was born Aug. 29, 
 1851, in Suscasunna, N.J. He was educated in the district schools ; 
 in the state model and state normal schools of Trenton, N.J. ; at 
 Dickinson college ; and at the Illinois Wesleyan university, where 
 he received the degrees of Ph.B., A.M., and Ph.D. He has taught 
 
176 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 at Mount Freedom, Ledgewood, Morris Plains and Long Branch, 
 N.J. In 1876-89 he was principal of the Long Branch schools; 
 and since 1889 has been principal of the New Jersey state normal 
 and model school. In 1881 he was president of the state teachers' 
 association. In 1886 was president of the state sanitary associa- 
 tion; and has been chairman of the teachers' association com- 
 mittee on educational progress. In 1889 he proposed a system of 
 approving high schools in New Jersey, which was adopted by the 
 state board of education. 
 
 Green, John W., soldier, stock and bond broker, was born Oct. 
 8, 1811, in Henderson county, Ky. He was educated in Louis- 
 ville, Ky. ; and graduated from the high school of that city. Dur- 
 ing the civil war he was sergeant-major ninth Kentucky infantry 
 regiment, orphan brigade, confederate service ; and served nearly 
 four years. He is a successful stock and bond broker of Louis- 
 ville, Ky. ; and prominently identified with the business and pub- 
 lic affairs of that city. He is a member of the George B. Eastin 
 Camp, No. 803, of Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Green, Joseph West, manufacturer, banker, was born Aug. 23, 
 1848, in Marblehead, Mass. He was educated in the Glover gram- 
 mar school of Marblehead ; and at the Eliot school of Boston, 
 Mass. He is treasurer and general manager of the Glendale elas- 
 tic fabric company of Easthampton, Mass., and Providence, R.I. 
 He is a director in the first national bank, the Easthampton sav- 
 ings bank ; Easthampton public library and of other corpora- 
 tions. His grandfather, Joseph W. Green, was in active service 
 in the war of 1812 as Major Green ; and he founded the national 
 grand bank of Marblehead, Mass. 
 
 Green, Samuel Swett, librarian, author, was born Feb. 20, 
 1837, in Worcester, Mass. In 1858 he graduated from Harvard 
 college ; and from the divinity school of Harvard university in 
 1864. For several years he was teller of the Worcester national 
 bank ; and in 1871 was chosen librarian of the free public library 
 of Worcester, having previously been a director of the library. 
 He was one of the founders of the American library association, 
 and its president in 1891 ; and was an original member and first 
 president of the council of that association. He has lectured at 
 the school library of economy at Columbia college ; and at the 
 state library of New York. He is a member of numerous histori- 
 cal societies, and an officer in many institutions. He is the author 
 of two books, and has published many articles in magazines and 
 newspapers, and delivered a great number of addresses. 
 
 Green, Willis Duff, physician, was born Jan. 18, 1821, in Dan- 
 ville, Ky. He attended the Center college of his native city; 
 graduated in medicine from the medical department of the Tran_-. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 177 
 
 sylvania university of Lexington, Ky., and also from the Medical 
 college of Ohio. He is a successful physician of Mount Vernon, 
 111.; grand master of the Independent order of odd fellows in 
 Illinois; and a representative to the grand lodge of the United 
 States. He is a member of the leading medical and scientific 
 societies; and has contributed valuable articles to the medical 
 and scientific publications. 
 
 Greene, Edward Lee, educator, botanist, author, was born 
 Aug. 20, 1843, in Hopkinton, R.I. In 1866 he graduated with the 
 degree of Ph.B. from Albion college of "Wisconsin; and in 1895 
 received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the noted university 
 of Notre Dame, Ind. In 1871-85 he was an episcopal clergyman; 
 and since then a Roman catholic layman. In 1885-95 he was pro- 
 fessor of botany in the university of California ; in 1895-1904 he 
 filled the same chair in the Catholic university; and since 1904 
 has been an associate in botany under the auspices of the Smith- 
 sonian institution of Washington, D.C. In 1893 he was president 
 of the international congress of botanists; and is a member of 
 various educational and scientific associations. He is the author 
 of Manual of Botany for the Region of San Francisco Bay ; West 
 American Oaks ; Pittonia, in five volumes ; Leaflets of Botanical 
 Observation; Landmarks of Botanical History; and numerous 
 Monographs and articles in scientific publications. 
 
 Greene, Roger Sherman, soldier, lawyer, jurist, philanthropist, 
 was born on Dec. 14, 1840, in Boston, Mass. He graduated in 
 1859 from Dartmouth college ; and in 1888 received the degree of 
 LL.D. from the university of Washington. He entered the union 
 army for the war of the rebellion, and was promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant and captain. He was judge advocate of the district of 
 Vicksburg at the close of 1864 and beginning of 1865, and judge 
 advocate of the western division of Louisiana from 1865 until 
 retirement from service. While residing in Kenosha, Wis., he 
 was appointed associate justice of the supreme court of Washing- 
 ton territory, residing at Olympia; and was twice reappointed, 
 holding the office until 1879, when he was appointed chief justice 
 of the same court, residing at Seattle, Washington territory. In 
 1883-87 he was chief justice. Since then he has practiced law in 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Gregory, Charles Noble, dean college of law state university 
 of Iowa, was born Aug. 27, 1851, in Unadilla, N.Y. He was edu- 
 cated at the university of Wisconsin ; and by profession is a law- 
 yer, law professor and literateur. In 1894-1901 he was law pro- 
 fessor and associate dean of the college of law at the state uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin. In 1905-06 he was vice-president of the 
 American bar association. For three years he was an alderman 
 
178 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Madison, Wis. ; and for one year was a member of the board 
 of education of that city. He is the author of numerous articles 
 and addresses. He is now dean of the college of law at the state 
 university of Iowa ; and resides in Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 Grierson, Benjamin Henry, soldier, merchant, was born July 
 8, 1826, in Pittsburg, Pa. He was educated in the academy at 
 Youngstown, Ohio. In 1861 he was a volunteer aide-de-camp to 
 General Prentiss. In 1861 he was appointed major in the sixth 
 regiment Illinois cavalry ; and in 1866 he was appointed colonel. 
 In 1890 he attained the rank of brigadier-general; and was re- 
 tired. In 1863 he made the celebrated raid through Tennessee, 
 Mississippi and Louisiana; and was brevetted major-general and 
 brigadier-general in the United States army. 
 
 Griffith, Jefferson Davis, surgeon, obstetrician, was born Feb. 
 12, 1850, in Jackson, Miss. In 1871 he graduated from the medi- 
 cal department of the university of New York. For many years 
 he was dean of the Kansas City medical college. In 1898 he was 
 major and chief surgeon in the United States volunteers; and 
 also served with distinction as surgeon-general of Missouri. He 
 has been president of the medical association of Missouri; and 
 president of the association of military surgeons of the United 
 States. 
 
 Griffith, John E., lawyer, legislator, was born Oct. 24, 1864, in 
 Delaware county, Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati law 
 school in 1890 ; and in 1895 he was elected to the seventy-second 
 Ohio general assembly from Union county; and was re-elected to 
 the seventy-third general assembly in 1897 ; and became speaker 
 pro tern of the house. In 1898-1904 he was clerk of the United 
 States and territorial courts; and now practices his profession. 
 He is a member of the board of education ; and resides in Socorro, 
 N.M. 
 
 Griffith, William Herrick, business man, genealogist, was born 
 Jan. 27, 1866, in Castleton-on-Hudson, N.Y. ; and is the only sur- 
 viving son of the late Edwin H. Griffith, a successful banker, and 
 Mary Louisa Knowlton. He attended the Albany military acad- 
 emy and Yale college ; afterward he traveled in Europe and acted 
 as foreign correspondent for the New York Home Journal, the 
 Albany Argus, and other newspapers. For five years he was con- 
 nected with the first national bank of Albany, and since 1893 has 
 been engaged in the fire insurance business. He is also regent in 
 Albany of the sons of the revolution. He is greatly interested in 
 genealogy, and is a member of a dozen different patriotic orders 
 and historical and art societies, and has filled various offices of 
 honor in many of them. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 179 
 
 Griffitts, John P., educator, college president, was born in 
 1857, in Unitia, Tenn. During 1888-89 he filled the chair of math- 
 ematics in the London college, Tennessee. During 1893-95 he was 
 professor of natural science in the Ewing and Jefferson college; 
 and in 1895-99 he was president of Roane college of Wheat, Tenn. 
 In 1899 he became principal of Oliver Springs high school, Tenn. 
 He has contributed valuable articles to educational and scientific 
 literature. 
 
 Groesbeck, Telford, lawyer, poet, was born Aug. 5, 1854, in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. lie graduated from Princeton college and the 
 Harvard law school, and has attained success in the profession of 
 law in his native city. He has filled various positions of honor, 
 and has been judge advocate general of Ohio. He is the author 
 of The Incas, the Children of the Sun, an exceedingly meritorious 
 poem, which depicts the strange and romantic civilization of the 
 
 Incas. 
 
 Groff, George G., physician, educator, founder, was born April 
 5, 1851, in Chester county, Pa. Since 1879 he has filled the chair 
 of natural sciences in Bucknell university of Lewisburg, Pa.; 
 and was president of the Pennsylvania state board of health for 
 four years. He organized the sanitary work at Johnstown after 
 the great disaster of 1889. During the Spanish- American war he 
 was surgeon-major United States army ; and is now superintend- 
 ent of public instruction. 
 
 Groome, John Charles, head of the Department of State Police 
 of Pennsylvania, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 20th, 1863. 
 Educated at the Protestant Episcopal Academy, in that city, he 
 became a successful merchant. Has been captain of The First 
 Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, the oldest military organiza- 
 tion in the United States, since 1896 and commanded his troop 
 during the Spanish-American War 1898, serving in the United 
 States and Porto Rico. In 1905 was appointed the first superin- 
 tendent, and organized the Department of State Police of Penn- 
 sylvania. Resides in Philadelphia and is prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of the city. 
 
 Grosvenor, Edwin Augustus, professor modern government 
 and international law in Amherst college, was born Aug. 30, 1845, 
 in Newburyport, Mass. In 1867 he graduated from Amherst ; in 
 1872 from Andover theological seminary; and has received the 
 degrees of A.M. and LL.D. In 1873-90 he was professor of his- 
 tory at the Robert college of Constantinople. Since 1901 he has 
 been professor of modern government and international law in 
 Amherst college. He is the author of The Hippodrome of Con- 
 stantinople ; Constantinople, in two volumes ; The Permanence of 
 the Greek Type ; Contemporary History ; and other works. 
 
180 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Grover, Lafayette, soldier, lawyer, congressman, governor, 
 United States senator, was born Nov. 29, 1823, in Bethel, Maine. 
 In 1851 he was elected prosecuting attorney for the territory of 
 Oregon; in 1852 was auditor of public accounts; served three 
 years in the territorial legislature, the last of which as speaker of 
 the house ; and saw service in the Indian wars of Oregon. He was 
 an active member of the convention of 1857 to form a state con- 
 stitution; and in 1857-59 he was a representative to the thirty- 
 fifth congress. In 1870-77 he was the fourth governor of Oregon ; 
 and in 1877-83 he was United States senator from Oregon. 
 
 Grozier, Edwin Atkins, publisher Boston Post, was born Sept. 
 12, 1859, in San Francisco, Cal., of New England parentage. He 
 was educated at the high school of Provincetown, Mass. ; attended 
 the Chauncy Hall school of Boston and the Brown university of 
 Providence; and in 1881 graduated from Boston university. In 
 1881-82 he was a reporter on the Boston Globe and Herald; and 
 in 1883-84 was private secretary to the governor of Massachu- 
 setts. In 1884-91 he held various editorial and business positions 
 on the New York World. Since 1891 he has been chief proprietor 
 of the Boston Post, of which he is now editor and publisher. He 
 is a member of various clubs, organizations and patriotic societies. 
 
 Guilford, Simeon Hayden, dentist, scientist, author, was born 
 April 11, 1841, in Lebanon, Pa. He graduated from Franklin and 
 Marshall colleges and the Philadelphia college of dental surgery. 
 In 1862-63 he served as a private in the civil war. Since 1872 he 
 has practiced dentistry in Philadelphia, Pa. ; has been professor 
 in the Philadelphia dental college since 1881; and in 1895-1905 
 was dean of same. He is the author of Nitrous Oxide; and Or- 
 thodontia. He has written chapters on Orthodontia; Anomalies 
 of the Teeth and Maxillae; Hypercementosis ; American System 
 of Dentistry; Chapters on Preparation of Cavities and Contour 
 Filling ; and American Textbook of Operative Dentistry. 
 
 Guiteras, Juan, physician, surgeon, pathologist, was born Jan. 
 4, 1852, in Matanzas, Cuba. In 1873 he received the degree of 
 M.D. from the university of Pennsylvania, which institution also 
 conferred upon him the degree of Ph.D. In 1879-89 he was en- 
 gaged in marine hospital service ; and has served as expert in yel- 
 low fever in all of the epidemics since 1881. For several years 
 he was professor of pathology at the university of Pennsylvania. 
 In 1898 he was on the staff of General Shafter as yellow fever ex- 
 pert in the Santiago campaign ; and is prominently identified with 
 Cuban politics. He is professor of general pathology and tropical 
 medicine at the university of Havana; dean of the medical fac- 
 ulty ; and director of Las Animas hospital of Habana, Cuba. He 
 is a member of the superior board of health ; is president of the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 18i 
 
 commission for infectious diseases; and is a member of the na- 
 tional board of health of Cuba. He has been vice-president of the 
 association of health officers of North America; president of the 
 second national medical congress of Cuba; and editor of La Re- 
 vista de Medicina Tropical. He is a member of the leading med- 
 ical and health associations of Cuba and America. 
 
 Gunnison, Walter Balfour, educator, author, was born May 2, 
 1852, in Abington, Mass. In 1875 he graduated from the St. Law- 
 rence university ; and for ten years was professor of latin lan- 
 guages and literature in that institution. Since its organization 
 in 1886 he has been principal at Erasmus hall high school of 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. ; and is president of the university club of that 
 city. He is co-author of First Year of Latin; and Caesar Com- 
 mentaries. 
 
 Gunther, Charles Frederick, naval officer, merchant, manufac- 
 turer, public official, was born March 6, 1837, in Wildberg, Wur- 
 temberg, Germany. In 1842 he came to the United States; and 
 received his education in the public schools. For several years 
 he was a bank cashier ; and during the civil war he served in the 
 confederate navy. Since 1868 he has been a manufacturing con- 
 fectioner; and has built up an extensive business in Chicago, 111. 
 He served two terms as a member of the Chicago common coun- 
 cil; and in 1900-04 he served two terms as city treasurer. He 
 owns one of the finest collections of Washington and Lincoln rel- 
 ics; and also a collection of historical manuscripts. He is presi- 
 dent of the Coliseum; a thirty-third degree mason; a trustee of 
 the Chicago academy of science; a member of the Chicago histor- 
 ical association ; and a member of the Chicago art institute ; and 
 a member of the Union league and Iroquois clubs. 
 
 Gurler, Henry Benjamin, soldier, dairy farmer, author, was 
 born May 21, 1840, in Chesterfield, N.H. He was educated in the 
 country schools and at the high school of De Kalb, 111. He served 
 in the civil war as corporal of company K, forty-second regiment 
 Illinois volunteer infantry; and as second lieutenant of company 
 K, one hundred and thirty-second Illinois volunteer infantry. In 
 1864-68 he was in the mercantile business in De Kalb, 111.; in 
 1868-82 was a dairyman ; and since 1882 has been proprietor of a 
 creamery. He is president of the De Kalb dairy company; in 
 1891 was instructor in butter-making at the Wisconsin agricul- 
 tural college ; for two terms filled the same position in the Ver- 
 mont agricultural college ; and for three terms in the Pennsyl- 
 vania college. In 1895-1906 he supplied certified milk to Chicago, 
 being a pioneer in the business. In 1886-92 he was a member of 
 the board of education ; and in 1896 was a member of the De Kalb 
 common council. He has been president of the National dairy 
 
182 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 show association ; and has lectured extensively on dairy subjects. 
 He is the author of American Dairying. 
 
 Haas, Kalman, merchant, philanthropist, was born in 1840 in 
 Germany. In 1867 he founded the firm of Haas brothers of San 
 Francisco, Cal. ; and they now control the quick-silver product of 
 the United States. He is a director of the American beet sugar 
 company, the Napa quicksilver mining company, the Napa Idria 
 quicksilver company, and the Mutual alliance trust company. 
 He is president of the Mount Sinai training school for nurses; 
 and takes a deep interest in charities. 
 
 Haggott, Warren Armstrong, United States congressman from 
 Colorado, was born May 18, 1864, in Franklin township, Shelby 
 county, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of Shelby 
 county' Ohio; attended Xenia college of Ohio; and graduated 
 from Valparaiso university of Indiana. He has attained success 
 in the practice of law in Colorado ; where he is also engaged in 
 metalliferous mining. In 1903-05 he was lieutenant-governor of 
 the state of Colorado. He was elected a member of th sixtieth 
 congress from the second congressional district of Colorado for 
 the term of 1907-09 ; and resides in Idaho Springs, Colo. 
 
 Hagner, Alexander Burton, retired associate justice state su- 
 preme court of the District of Columbia, was born July 13, 1826, 
 in Washington, D.C. He settled in Annapolis, Md., in the practice 
 of law; and in 1850 was judge-advocate of a naval court of in- 
 quiry. In 1864 he was a special judge in Prince George 's county, 
 Md. ; and in 1876 was judge-advocate of a general court martial 
 held' at San Francisco, Cal. In 1854 he was a representative in 
 the Maryland legislature; was twice a candidate for congress; 
 and in 1848-1879 practiced law in Maryland. Since 1879 he has 
 been associate justice of the state supreme court of the District 
 of Columbia, and is now serving the term of 1905-1909; and 
 resides in Washington, D.C. 
 
 Haire, Norman W., judge circuit court of Michigan, was born 
 Feb. 24, 1855, in Columbia, Jackson county, Mich. He was edu- 
 cated at the university of Michigan ; and is a lawyer by profes- 
 sion. Since 1891 he has been judge of the thirty-second judicial 
 circuit of Michigan, and is now serving his term ending in 1906 ; 
 and resides in Houghton, Mich. 
 
 Hale, Clarence, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born April 15, 
 1848, in Turner, Maine. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the public schools; attended Norway academy; and in 
 1869 graduated from Bowdoin college. Since 1871 he has prac- 
 ticed law in Portland, Maine. In 1879-82 he was city solicitor; 
 and in 1883-86 he was a representative in the Maine state legisla- 
 ture. He was counsel for the New England telephone company ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 183 
 
 and a director and trustee with the management of the largest 
 enterprises in Portland, Maine. For many years he was a mem- 
 ber of the Portland board of trade; prominent on the school 
 board of that city ; and active in its municipal government. Since 
 1902 he has been United States district judge for the state of 
 Maine. 
 
 Hale, Edward Everett, educator, author, was born Feb. 18, 
 1863, in Boston, Mass. In 1883 he graduated from Harvard uni- 
 versity ; and in 1892 received the degree of Ph.D. from Halle. 
 Since 1895 he has been professor of English at Union college of 
 Schenectady, N.Y. He is the author of Constructive Rhetoric; 
 Lowell ; Dramatists of To-day ; and other works. 
 
 Hale, Frank Judson, manufacturer, was born Aug. 14, 1862, in 
 Newton, Upper Falls, Mass. He was educated in the public 
 schools ; and in 1880 graduated from the high school of Newton, 
 Mass. For many years he was engaged as i machinist ; and since 
 1907 has been a director and agent of the cotton machine works 
 of Newton, Mass. ; and is also the director of the corporation of 
 Saco and Pette machine works, with machine shops at Saco, 
 Maine, and also at Newton Upper Falls, Mass. In 1888-89 he was 
 a member of the common council of Newton, Mass. ; in 1890-1900 
 was a member of the Newton school board. He is a member of 
 the national association of cotton manufacturers; and is a direc- 
 tor of the Lawrence cotton mills and a score of other manufactur- 
 ing and financial corporations. 
 
 Hall, Harry Hinckley, lawyer, counselor, was born Feb. 12, 
 1846, in Rock Island, 111. He was educated at the Flushing insti- 
 tute of Rock Island and in the colleges of Germany and France 
 at Halberstadt and at Tours. In 1869 he graduated from Tulane 
 university law school ; and has since practiced law in New Or- 
 leans, La. He has been counsel of the New Orleans and North- 
 western railroad company; counsel of the Alabama and Vicks- 
 burg railway company ; and counsel of the Shreveport and Pa- 
 cific railway company. He has also been attorney for the St. 
 Charles street railway company of New Orleans ; and in 1889-1906 
 was dean of the law school in Tulane university at New Orleans, 
 La. 
 
 Hallock, Edwin, merchant, legislator, was born Aug. 16, 1840, 
 in Derby, Conn. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the public schools of his native city; and graduated from Post's 
 commercial and classical institute of Connecticut. He is a suc- 
 cessful merchant of Derby, Conn. ; and has always been promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. 
 For six years he was a member of the school board ; and for three 
 
184 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 terms he has been a representative in the Connecticut state leg- 
 islature. 
 
 Hallock, Joseph Newton, journalist, lecturer, clergyman, au- 
 thor, was born in 1834 in Franklinville, N.Y. Since 1880 he has 
 been editor-in-chief and proprietor of the Christian Work of 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1897 he was offered the presidency of the 
 Westminster university at Denver, Col. He is a director in sev- 
 eral large corporations. He is the author of A History of South- 
 ampton; First Impressions of Europe; Twice Across the Conti- 
 nent ; The Christian Life ; Family Worship ; and various other 
 works, including an edition of Tacitus in the original tongue. 
 
 Halsall, William Formby, soldier, artist, was born March 20, 
 1844, in England. Among his works are the Chasing a Blockade- 
 Runner in a Fog ; Rendezvous of the Fishermen ; The Mayflower ; 
 Arrival of the Winthrop Colony; and Niagara Falls. His First 
 Battle of the Iron-Clads was purchased by the United States gov- 
 ernment in 1887. 
 
 Halsey, N. Wetmore, lawyer, banker, was born Dec. 25, 1856, 
 in Forreston, Ogle county, 111. He was educated at Beloit college 
 of Wisconsin ; and in 1882 graduated from the Union College of 
 Law at Chicago, 111. For awhile he practiced law in Chicago, 111. 
 In 1886 he entered the firm of N. W. Harris and company ; and in 
 1891-1901 was resident partner for New York of that firm. In 
 1901 he organized the firm of N. W. Halsey and company, bank- 
 ers of New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and San Francisco. He 
 is a members of the Lawyer's club, New England Society, Chicago 
 Law Institute and Metropolitan Museum of Art; Essex County 
 Riding club, and the Driving clubs of Orange, N.J. ; and resides 
 in South Orange, N.J. 
 
 Halvorson, H. L., Benson county assistant-prosecuting attor- 
 ney of North Dakota, was born Aug. 15, 1881, in Henning, Minn. 
 He was educated at the university of Minnesota and at the uni- 
 versity of North Dakota. He practices law in all the courts ; and 
 is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 his community. He is assistant-prosecuting attorney for Benson 
 county, N.D. ; in 1906 was republican candidate for representa- 
 tive in the North Dakota state legislature ; and resides in Esmond, 
 N.D. 
 
 Hamer, Thomas, soldier, farmer, merchant, statesman, was 
 born June 1, 1818, in Union county, Pa. He moved to Illinois in 
 1846; and he served in the union army during the civil war as 
 colonel of the eighty-fourth regiment Illinois volunteer infantry; 
 was wounded at the battle of Stone River, in 1862 ; had two horses 
 shot from under him ; and was presented by his men with a gold 
 watch for gallantry on the field of battle. He represented his 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 185 
 
 district for four years in the Illinois state legislature; and for 
 eight years was a member of the state senate, his last term expir- 
 ing in 1897. 
 
 Hand, Alfred, lawyer, jurist, was born March 20, 1835, in 
 Honesdale, Pa. In 1857 he graduated from Yale university ; and 
 subsequently received the degree of A.M. from that institution of 
 learning. In 1859 he began the practice of law in Scranton, Pa. • 
 and in 1879-89 was judge of the forty-fifth judicial district of 
 Pennsylvania. In 1888 he became an associate justice of the su- 
 preme court of Pennsylvania; and for eight years was president 
 of the Third national bank of Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Hand, J. L., planter, merchant, manufacturer, banker, legis- 
 lator, was born March 20, 1851, in Houston county, Ga. He was 
 educated at the university of Georgia ; and is a planter, manufac- 
 turer, merchant and banker. In 1884-87 he was a mayor of Pel- 
 ham, Ga. ; and since 1884 has been city councilman. In 1888-89 
 he was a representative in the Georgia state legislature; and in 
 1886-87, 1898-99 and 1905-06 he was a member of the state senate. 
 He is president of the Farmers' bank of Pelham; is president of 
 the Pelham manufacturing company; is president of the Hand 
 trading company ; is president of the Flint river and northwestern 
 railroad; and is president of the Abingdon mills of Huntsville, 
 Ala. 
 
 Handy, Levi Irving, educator, journalist, lecturer, congress- 
 man, was born Dec. 24, 1861, in Berlin, Md. He attended public 
 and private schools in Maryland and New York; taught school 
 in Somerset county, Md., and came to Smyrna, Del., to teach in 
 1881. He was superintendent of free schools in Kent county in 
 1887-90 ; was chairman of the democratic state central committee 
 in 1892-96 ; and was editorial writer on Wilmington Every Even- 
 ing in 1894-95. He is a popular lecturer and has since 1890 de- 
 livered lectures in lyceum courses in many sections of the coun- 
 try. He was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a democrat. 
 
 Hankinson, Richard H., soldier, merchant, legislator, was born 
 Sept. 7, 1841, in Grand Rapids, Mich. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
 eighth Michigan volunteer infantry ; served throughout the war ; 
 and was promoted to first sergeant. For many years he was su- 
 perintendent of the Northwestern telegraph company in Min- 
 neapolis, Minn. In 1878 he organized the Northwestern telephone 
 company, and was its first general manager. In 1882 he moved 
 to Hankinson, N.D., where he has attained success as a merchant. 
 He served as a member of the first and fifth state legislatures of 
 North Dakota. 
 
 Hardenbergh, Henry Janeway, architect, founder, was born 
 Feb. 6, 1847, in New Brunswick, N.J. In 1865-70 he studied arch- 
 
186 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 itecture under Detlef Lienau of New York ; and since then has 
 been engaged in active practice in New York City. lie was one 
 of the founders of the Fine arts society ; and Municipal art so- 
 ciety ; and a member of the American institute of architects. He 
 has twice been president of the Architectural league. He has 
 erected from his designs the Plaza, Dakota, Manhattan and Wal- 
 dorf-Astoria hotels; and also the American fine arts building in 
 New York City. 
 
 Hare, Charles Woodroph, trustee Tuskegee normal institute 
 of Alabama, was born Sept. 20, 1857, near Camden, Wilcox 
 county, Ala. He was educated at Howard college of Marion, 
 Ala. ; and is by profession a lawyer and journalist. For seven 
 years he was editor of the Alabama baptist ; and since 1895 has 
 been editor and manager of the Tuskegee News. He has been a 
 member of the city council of Tuskegee, Ala. ; is a member and 
 attorney of the board of trustees Tuskegee normal and industrial 
 institute ; and resides in Tuskegee, Ala. 
 
 Harker, Oliver Albert, dean college of law university of Illi- 
 nois, was born Dec. 14, 1846, in Wayne county, Ind. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Putnam and Dupage counties of 
 Illinois; attended Wheaton college, McKendree college and the 
 law school of the Indiana state university. For twenty-five years 
 he was judge of the circuit court and judge of the appellate court 
 of Illinois. He is dean of the college of law in the university of 
 Illinois ; and resides in Champaign, 111. 
 
 Harrington, William Edmund, state senator of Minnesota, was 
 born July 2, 1860, in Hutchinson, Minn. He was educated at the 
 Hutchinson high school; and in 1881 graduated from university 
 of Minnesota and in 1883, from the law department of the uni- 
 versity of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He is president of the Citi- 
 zens' bank of Hutchinson, Minn.; has been mayor of his city; 
 and is prominently identified with the business and public affairs 
 of his city, county and state. He is a member of the Minnesota 
 state senate ; and resides in Hutchinson, Minn. 
 
 Harris, John Charles, lawyer, government officer, was born 
 in 1860 in the state of New York. In 1883 he graduated with the 
 degree of A.B. from Mount union college. In 1883 he was ap- 
 pointed a midshipman in the United States revenue cutter ser- 
 vice ; served two years on the United States barque Chase ; and 
 served one year on the United States steamer Woodbury. In 1886 
 he was made lieutenant ; and in 1891 resigned to enter the active 
 practice of law at Galveston, Texas. In 1891 he was made county 
 attorney of Galveston county, Texas ; practiced law in Galveston 
 until 1900 ; and since then has practiced law in Houston, Texas. 
 He is a director and secretary of the Crittenton home and also 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 187 
 
 of the United Charities. He is a member of the Texas bar asso- 
 ciation ; the Texas historical association and the Sons of the Amer- 
 ican revolution. 
 
 Harris, John J., state senator of Colorado, was born July 11, 
 1849, in Erie county, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native county ; and graduated from the Western Reserve 
 normal college of Milan, Ohio. He is a successful merchant and 
 banker of Dolores, Col. ; has been superintendent of telegraph for 
 the D. and R. G. railroad company; and has filled various other 
 positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has been a member of 
 the Colorado state senate ; and resides in Dolores, Col. 
 
 Harris, Mrs. Miriam Coles, litterateur, author, was born July 
 7, 1834, in Dosoris, N.Y. She was educated at St. Mary's Hall 
 of Burlington, N.J. ; and at Mine. Canda 's of New York City. In 
 1864 she married Sidney S. Harris, who died in 1892. She is the 
 author of Rutledge ; The Sutherlands; St. Philip's; Frank War- 
 rington ; Richard Vandermark ; A Perfect Adonis ; Happy-go- 
 Lucky; Missy; An Utter Failure; Roundhearts; Louie's Last 
 Term at St. Mary 's ; Rosary for Lent ; Dear Feast of Lent ; A Cor- 
 ner of Spain ; The Tents of AVickedness ; and other works. 
 
 Harris, Nathaniel E., soldier, lawyer, statesman, was born Jan. 
 21, 1846, in Jonesboro, Tenn. In 1870 he graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Georgia. In 1861 he entered the confederate service as 
 a private in Kirby Smith's rifles company, sixty-third Tennessee 
 regiment. He was assigned to the quartermaster department; 
 served on staff ; and until 1865 was on duty in the sixteenth Vir- 
 ginia cavalry. In 1882 and 1886 he was a member of the Georgia 
 state legislature ; and in 1894 was elected a member of the state 
 senate. In 1872 he began the practice of law ; since 1886 has been 
 a trustee at the university of Georgia ; was the founder and trus- 
 tee of the Georgia school of technology since 1886 ; and president 
 of the Macon and northern railroad. He became commander of 
 Macon camp number 1477 of Georgia; and in 1905 delivered the 
 annual address at the United confederate veterans re-union at 
 Louisville, Ky. In 1909 he made the address of welcome to Pres- 
 ident Taft at Macon City Park, before an audience of twenty-five 
 thousand people. 
 
 Harris, William, educator, farmer, jurist, legislator, was born 
 in 1832, in Burnt Hills, N.Y. He was educated in the public and 
 normal schools of Michigan. Since 1836 he has lived in Michi- 
 gan ; taught school several terms, and is now a successful farmer, 
 real estate dealer and financier of Norwood, Mich. He has been 
 register of deeds ; judge of probate court ; and school examiner. 
 He served as a member of the Michigan state legislature in 1889- 
 90, 1895-96 and in 1897-98. 
 
188 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Harrison, Francis Burton, lawyer, soldier, congressman, was 
 born Dec. 16, 1873. He was admitted to the bar in 1898 ; and for 
 two years was an instructor in the New York night law school. 
 During the Spanish-American war he was captain and assistant 
 adjutant-general in the United States volunteers. He is vice- 
 president of the McVickar realty company of New York City. 
 In 1903-05 and 1907-11 he was a representative from New York 
 City to the fifty-eighth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a 
 democrat. 
 
 Harrison, George Paul, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 March 19, 1841, near Savannah, Ga. He entered the confederate 
 army as second lieutenant of the first Georgia regulars, and was 
 promoted to brigadier-general. He removed to Alabama in 1865 ; 
 was elected commandant of cadets at university of Alabama, but 
 declined; and was subsequently elected to the same position at 
 the Agricultural and Mechanical college of Alabama, and served 
 one year. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 
 Alabama in 1875 ; was elected state senator in 1876 ; and re- 
 elected in 1880. He was president of the state senate from 1882 
 to 1884; and was a delegate to the national democratic conven- 
 tion held in Chicago in 1892. He was elected to the fifty-third and 
 fifty-fourth congresses as a democrat ; and resides in Opelika, Ala. 
 
 Harrison, Joseph Le Roy, journalist, librarian, poet, was born 
 Oct. 12, 1862, in North Adams, Mass. In 1885-88 he was on the 
 editorial staff of the New York Commercial Advertiser. In 1894- 
 95 he was president of the New York state library school associa- 
 tion. In 1900 he was in charge of the exhibit of the American 
 library association at the Paris exposition. He is the author of 
 With Pipe and Book, a collection of college verses ; and Compara- 
 tive Summary and Index of State Legislation in 1894. 
 
 Harrity, William F., lawyer, statesman, was born Oct. 9, 1850, 
 in Wilmington, Del. He was educated at St. Mary's college of 
 Wilmington, Del. ; and in 1870 graduated with the degree of M.A. 
 from the La Salle college of Philadelphia, Pa. During 1870-71 he 
 taught mathematics and latin in the La Salle college ; and ever 
 since 1873 has been engaged in the practice of law. He received 
 the degree of LL.D. from St. Joseph's college of Philadelphia; 
 and received a similar degree from the Christian brothers' college 
 of St. Louis, Mo. In 1885-89 he was postmaster of Philadelphia, 
 Pa. ; in 1890-95 he was secretary of the state of Pennsylvania; and 
 in 1892-96 was chairman of the democratic national committee. 
 In 1896 he received twenty-one votes at the democratic national 
 convention for vice-president of the United States. He is presi- 
 dent of the Equitable trust company of Philadelphia, Pa.; is a 
 director of the Franklin national bank; is a director of the Mar- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 189 
 
 ket street national bank ; is a director of the Philadelphia electric 
 company; is a director of the American railways company; and 
 a director of various other corporations of Philadelphia, Pa. He 
 is a member of the historical society of Pennsylvania ; and a mem- 
 ber of the American bar association and various other associa- 
 tions and societies. 
 
 Harrod, Benjamin Morgan, civil engineer, expert, was born 
 Feb. 19, 1837, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Flush- 
 ing institute of Long Island, N.Y. ; in 1856 he graduated from 
 Harvard university; and in 1906 received the degree of LL.D. 
 from Tulane university of Louisiana. He soon attained note as 
 a successful civil engineer; and in 1897 was president of the 
 American society of civil engineers. In 1877-80 he was chief state 
 engineer of Louisiana; and in 1879-1904 was a member of the 
 United States Mississippi river commission. In 1888-92 he was 
 city engineer of New Orleans; was chief engineer of drainage of 
 New Orleans; and chairman of the board of advisory engineers, 
 sewerage and water board of New Orleans. He is now a member 
 of the isthmian canal commission ; and resides in New Orleans, La. 
 
 Hart, Julius Newton, lawyer, state senator, was born May 13, 
 1869, in "Wayne county, 111. He was educated at the Oregon state 
 normal school of Monmouth ; attended the Dallas college of Ore- 
 gon ; and graduated from the law department of the Oregon state 
 university. In 1900-04 he was district attorney for the third judi- 
 cial district of Oregon; and in 1900 was republican presidential 
 elector. He is now a member of the Oregon state senate from the 
 twenty-fifth district. 
 
 Hart, Samuel, clergyman, educator, author, was born June 4, 
 1845, in Saybrook, Conn. In 1866 he graduated from Trinity col- 
 lege ; and has received the degrees of A.M., DD., and D.C.L. In 
 1869 he was ordained deacon; and in 1870 was ordained to the 
 priesthood. During 1870-99 he was a professor of Trinity college. 
 In 1892 he was president of the American philological associa- 
 tion; since 1894 has been president of the Connecticut historical 
 society; and since 1900 has been president of the Connecticut 
 library association. He is a fellow of the American association 
 for the advancement of science. He has edited Bishop Seabury's 
 Communion Office, with notes; Maclear's Instruction for Confirm- 
 ation and Holy Communion; History of American Prayer Book 
 in Frere 's Proctor ; and Daily Short Prayers for Families. 
 
 Hart, William Octave, attorney-at-law, was born Aug. 19, 
 1857, in New Orleans, La. He received his education in the public 
 schools of his native state; and at Lusher 's commercial academy. 
 Since 1880 he has practiced law in New Orleans ; is one of the 
 foremost lawyers of his state; and has traveled extensively 
 
190 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 throughout America aud Europe. He has served three terms as 
 a member of the examining committee of the supreme court of 
 Louisiana for the admission of candidates to the bar; in 1898 was 
 a member of the Louisiana state constitutional convention; and 
 in 1900 was a presidential elector. He is treasurer of the Com- 
 mercial Law League of America ; and a member of the Committee 
 on Uniform State Laws of the American Bar Association. He is 
 first lieutenant commander of Camp Beauregard No. 130, United 
 Sons of Confederate Veterans; treasurer of the Louisiana His- 
 torical Society ; member of the board of curators of the state mu- 
 seum of Louisiana ; and a commissioner on uniform state laws 
 from Louisiana. He is a member of the National Municipal 
 League, American Political Science Association, American Insti- 
 tute of Civics, and a score of other societies and associations. For 
 twenty-eight years he has been a member of the law firm of Din- 
 kelspiel, Hart and Davey ; and resides in New Orleans, La. 
 
 Harty, Jeremiah J., clergyman, archbishop, was born Nov. 1, 
 1853, in St. Louis, Mo. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the parish schools; attended the St. Louis university and 
 the St. Vincents college ; completing his divinity studies in the 
 latter institution. In 1878 he was ordained priest ; and in 1878-88 
 was assistant rector of St. Bridget's church of St. Louis, Mo. In 
 1888-1903 he was rector of St. Leo's church of St. Louis, Mo.; 
 and in 1903 was appointed archbishop of Manila, P.I. 
 
 Harvey, William Hope, lawyer, author, was born Aug. 16, 
 1851, in Buffalo, W.Va. He was educated in the Buffalo academy 
 and Marshall college of West Virginia. He was admitted to the 
 bar ; and in 1871-84 practiced law. He became a writer on finan- 
 cial topics whose theories regarding unlimited coinage of silver 
 have been very popular. He is the author of Coin's Financial 
 School; A Tale of Two Nations; Coin's School Up to Date; Patri- 
 ots of America; Coin on Money, Trusts and Imperialism; and 
 other works. 
 
 Haskin, Nelson, merchant, legislator, was born Oct. 20, 1849, 
 in Canada. He is a descendant of Bartholomew Haskin, who ar- 
 rived in Boston harbor from England in 1635 and settled in Eliz- 
 abeth City. He moved to Michigan in 1871, and has attained suc- 
 «ess as one of the foremost merchants of Lapeer county, at Imlay 
 City. For two terms he was village president ; has filled numer- 
 ous public offices of trust ; is a prominent mover in various frater- 
 nal orders ; and during 1887-88 served with distinction as a rep- 
 resentative in the Michigan state legislature ; and resides in Imlay 
 City, Mich. 
 
 Hatch, Edward W., attorney-at-law of New York city, was 
 born Nov. 26, 1852, in Friendship, N.Y. In 1880-86 he was district 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 191 
 
 attorney of Erie county, N.Y. ; and in 1887-95 was judge of the 
 superior court of Buffalo, N.Y. In 1895 he resigned from the siv 
 perior court and was elected a justice of the supreme court of 
 New York from the eighth judicial district for a term of fourteen 
 years. In 1896-1900 he was assigned to the appellate division, 
 second department of Brooklyn ; and in 1900-05 was transferred 
 to the first department city of New York. In 1905 he resigned 
 from the bernch and entered the law firm of Parker, Hatch and 
 Sheehan of New York city. 
 
 Hawkins, Russell, business president, was born March 18, 
 1870, in Philadelphia, Pa. Until 1897 he owned the Lancaster 
 match works at Safe Harbor, Pa. ; and then built the plant and 
 conducted the York match company of Pennsylvania, which in 
 1890 became identified with the Diamond match company, of 
 which he was vice-president. He is now a partner of the Whit- 
 ney company, limited, a Michigan partnership association heavily 
 interested in Western timber properties. 
 
 Hawley, James H., lawyer, pioneer, statesman, was born Jan. 
 17, 1817, in Dubuque, la. He was educated in the grammar and 
 high schools of Dubuque, Iowa. In 1862 he went to Idaho ; and 
 was one of the earliest pioneers of that territory. He was engaged 
 in mining until 1871 and since then has been engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law. He has been identified for the past thirty years with 
 most of the important criminal cases of his state ; and in 1892 was 
 in charge, for the miners, of the labor troubles of the Coeur 
 d'Alenes. In 1870-71 he was a representative in the Idaho legisla- 
 ture ; and in 1874-75 was a member of the state senate. In 1879- 
 83 he was district attorney for the second district of Idaho terri- 
 tory; and in 1884-87 was United States attorney for Idaho. In 
 1904-05 he was mayor of Boise, Idaho; and has filled numerous 
 other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Hawley, Thomas Porter, judge United States district court 
 for Nevada, was born July 18, 1830, in Versailles, Ind. He was 
 educated in Versailles, Ind., and went to California. In 1852-55 
 he was engaged in mining; in 1855-57 was in the county clerk's 
 office in Nevada county, Cal. ; and in 1857 began the practice of 
 law. In 1862-64 he was district attorney for Nevada county, Cal. ; 
 and in 1868 removed to White Pine county, Nev. In 1872-90 he 
 was associate-justice of the state supreme court of Nevada. Since 
 1890 he has been judge of the United States district court for the 
 district of Nevada ; and resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 Hayes, Thomas Gordon, soldier, lawyer, statesman, was born 
 Jan. 5, 1844, in Anne Arundel county, Md. He received a good 
 education; and graduated from the Virginia military institute. 
 He served as a confederate soldier during the civil war. In 1872 
 
192 PEOGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he began the practice of law ; and was United States district at- 
 torney for Maryland under President Cleveland's first adminis- 
 tration. In 1899-1903 he was mayor of Baltimore ; and has filled 
 numerous other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Hayes, William James, manufacturer, was born on Oct. 11, 
 1837, in New Lisbon, Ohio. His wire mills have continued to grow 
 until they have become the largest in the country, employing 
 seven thousand men, their annual output aggregating sixty thou- 
 sand tons. In 1886 the banking firm was succeeded by W. J. 
 Hayes and sons, who assumed all the deposits, assets and liabili- 
 ties and purchased the good will of the business. The bank is now 
 a rising institution, transacts general banking in all its forms, and 
 stands high in the estimation of business men. 
 
 Haynes, Irving Samuel, physician, surgeon, author, was born 
 Aug. 29, 1861, in Saranac, N.Y. He is a successful physician of 
 New York City. He is the author of Manual of Anatomy ; and 
 Practical Guide for Beginners to the Dissection of the Human 
 Body. 
 
 Haynes, Jacob M., lawyer, jurist, banker, was born April 12, 
 1817, in Monson, Mass. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the academy of his native city ; and graduated from the 
 Phillips academy of Massachusetts. In 1843 he moved to In- 
 diana; and in 1856-71 was judge of the court of common pleas. 
 In 1871-77 was judge of the circuit court of Indiana; and since 
 1874 has been president of the People's bank of Portland, Ind. 
 
 Hayes, Charles Melville, railroad president, was born May 16, 
 1856, in Rock Island, 111. Since 1873 he has been in railway ser- 
 vice and is now president of the Central Vermont railway; is 
 president of the Chicago, Detroit and Canada grand trunk junc- 
 tion railroad ; and of various other corporations. 
 
 Hazlett, Robert, civil engineer, state senator, was born Dec. 
 24, 1863, in Wheeling, W.Va. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native city; attended Linsly instiute; and grad- 
 uated as a civil engineer from the Ohio state university. In 1891- 
 93 he was chief engineer of the Western and Atlantic railway at 
 Washington, D. C; in 1900-01 was chief engineer of the Frank- 
 fort and Cincinnati railway ; and in 1901-05 was chief engineer of 
 the P. H. T. Co. railway at Wheeling, W.Va. In 1897-1903 he 
 was engineer for Ohio county. In 1897-99 and in 1901-05 he was 
 a member of the Wheeling city council. He was vice-president 
 for West Virginia of the national river and harbor congress; and 
 a director in the Wheeling board of trade. He is now a member 
 of the West Virginia state senate from the first senatorial dis- 
 trict for the term of 1907-11. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 193 
 
 Hebron, John L., state senator of Mississippi, was born July 
 6, 1864, in Vicksburg, Miss. He was educated at the Mississippi 
 college and at the university of Mississippi. He is a successful 
 lawyer, planter and merchant of Greenville, Miss.; and promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. 
 He has been county attorney for Washington county, Miss. ; chair- 
 man of the democratic executive committee of Washington 
 county, Miss.; trustee of the university of Mississippi; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a member 
 of the Mississippi state senate for Washington county for the 
 term of 1904-08. He is president of the board of Mississippi levee 
 commissioners, one of the most responsible positions in the great 
 Yazoo delta ; and resides in Greenville, Miss. 
 
 Hedge, Frederic Henry, librarian, bibliographer, was born 
 June 20, 1831, in Arlington, Mass. He was educated at the high 
 school of Bangor, Maine; and in 1851 graduated from Harvard 
 college. He has been assistant librarian at the Providence ath- 
 enaeum of Rhode Island ; and librarian of the Massachusetts his- 
 torical society. In 1874-1901 he was librarian of the public li- 
 brary of Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Heistand, Henry Olcot Sheldon, soldier, was born April 30, 
 1856, in Richwood, Ohio. He entered West Point as a cadet in 
 1874. On graduating he was appointed government inspector 
 and instructor of the Ohio national guard in 1892. In 1896 he 
 was confidential secretary to Major McKinley during his presi- 
 dential campaign ; and in 1898 during the Spanish- American war, 
 was adjutant-general of the second army corps. He is the au- 
 thor of Alaska, Its History and Description. 
 
 Hemenway, Alfred, lawyer, was born Aug. 17, 1839, in Hop- 
 kinton, Mass. In 1861 he graduated from Yale college, received 
 the degree of A. M. in 1864 ; and studied law in the Harvard law 
 school. In 1863 he began the practice of law in Boston, Mass. 
 In 1897 he was appointed by Governor Wolcott sole commissioner 
 to draft the act embodying the principles of the Torrens system 
 of land transfer ; and the act drafted by him is now the law. He 
 is a member of the university, union and various other clubs ; and 
 president of the Bar association of the city of Boston. 
 
 Hemenway, Stacy, physician, surgeon, was born Jan. 13, 1836, 
 in La Porte county, Ind. He graduated from the medical depart- 
 ment of the Lind university, now known as the Chicago Medical 
 university. During the civil war he was assistant surgeon of the 
 ninth cavalry Illinois volunteers ; then became surgeon of the 
 forty-first United States colored troops; and subsequently was 
 acting assistant surgeon in the United States army. During 1871- 
 74 he was resident physician to the hospital for the insane of 
 
194 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Washington territory ; was a charter member of the Washington 
 state medical society ; and is prominently identified with various 
 leading medical bodies in America; and resides in Klamath 
 Agency, Ore. 
 
 Hemmeter, John Cohn, physician, composer, author, was born 
 April 25, 1863, in Baltimore, Md. He is professor of physiology 
 and clinical professor of medicine in the university of Maryland ; 
 physician in charge of Bay view hospital ; consultant to the Mary- 
 land hospital and other hospitals; and regent of the university 
 of Maryland. His practice is limited to the diseases of the diges- 
 tive organs. He has been president of the American gastro-en- 
 terologic and other medical associations. He is the author of 
 Diseases of the Stomach; Diseases of the Intestines; and other 
 works. He has composed the cantata Hygeia and other composi- 
 tions for the piano and voice. 
 
 Hencke, John William, notary public, government official ex- 
 pert, inventor, was born Oct. 21, 1868, in Akron, Ohio. He re- 
 ceived a thorough education in the Cleveland schools. He became 
 secretary and treasurer of the Ohio electric works. He is a 
 staunch republican; and is cashier of the United States custom 
 house at Cleveland, Ohio. He has won a reputation as an expert 
 on counterfeit money. He has invented Hencke 's folding comfort 
 chair and various automatic toys. He is an officer in local im- 
 provement bodies, securing for his community many benefits, 
 among which are the playgrounds for children. He served on 
 an inspection trip of the waterways and harbors of the Alaskan 
 coast. He is prominent in masonic affairs ; and is a member of 
 many masonic bodies. 
 
 Henderson, Charles English, physician, railroad president, was 
 born Sept. 25, 1844, in Jefferson county, Va., now West Virginia. 
 In 1850-59 he was educated at a private school in Jefferson county, 
 Va. ; and in 1859-61 in Georgetown, D.C. In 1868 he graduated 
 from the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania ; 
 and in 1869-70 was resident physician of Bay View hospital of 
 Baltimore, Md. In 1870-74 he was in railway service as a clerk 
 on the Missouri river, Fort Scott and Gulf railway ; in 1874-79 he 
 was chief clerk to the general superintendent and receiver of the 
 Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston railroad. In 1879 he was 
 engaged in prospecting routes and settling purchase accounts for 
 Springfield and Western Missouri railroad. In 1879-80 he was 
 general freight and ticket agent for the Atchison and Nebraska 
 railway; and also consecutively auditor, paymaster, cashier and 
 assistant general manager. In 1881-88 he was general manager 
 and receiver of the Indina, Bloomington, and western railway ; in 
 1888-89 was general manager of the Ohio, Indiana and western 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 195 
 
 railway; in 1881-92 was general manager of the Ohio southern 
 railroad ; and in 1884-86 was general manager of the Dayton and 
 Ironton railroad. In 1884-87 he was manager for the purchaser 
 of the Dayton and Toledo railroad ; in 1884-86 was receiver of the 
 Danville, Olney and Ohio river railroad ; and in 1886-88 was gen- 
 eral manager of the Chicago and Ohio river railway. In 1889- 
 1903 he was general manager of the Philadelphia and Reading 
 coal and iron company; and since 1903 has been first vice-presi- 
 dent of that corporation. Since 1896 he has also been second vice- 
 president of the Philadelphia and Reading railway. 
 
 Henderson, John Steele, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was 
 born Jan. 6, 1846, in Salisbury, N.C. In 1864 he entered the con- 
 federate army ; and served as a private until the close of the civil 
 war. In 1871 and 1875 he was a delegate to the state constitu- 
 tional convention ; and in 1876 was elected a representative in the 
 North Carolina state legislature. In 1879 he was elected a state 
 senator; and in 1880 was a delegate to the democratic national 
 convention. In 1885-95 he was a representative from North Car- 
 olina to the forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second and fifty- 
 third congresses as a democrat. 
 
 Hendren, Gilbert H., lawyer, journalist, political leader, was 
 born March 29, 1857, in Cannal Winchester, Ohio. After receiv- 
 ing his education in the district schools of Ohio and the normal 
 schools of Indiana, he graduated from the Central law school of 
 Indianapolis. He served eight years as deputy clerk of the cir- 
 cuit court ; served three terms as chairman of the county central 
 committee ; and was a delegate from the second congressional dis- 
 trict of the World's Columbian exposition at Chicago. He was for 
 two terms chairman of the second congressional district; was a 
 chairman of the speakers bureau of the state of Indiana in 1906 ; 
 and was first vice-chairman of the state committee and chairman 
 of the speakers bureau of the state of Indiana during the great 
 Bryan presidential campaign of 1908, giving to the democratic 
 party the greatest stumping and educational campaign in the his- 
 tory of the state of Indiana. 
 
 Hendrickson, Charles Elvin, associate justice state supreme 
 court of New Jersey, was born Jan. 8, 1843, in New Egypt, N.J. 
 In 1868 he was elected a member of the New Jersey state legisla- 
 ture ; was prosecutor of the pleas of Burlington county in 1870-90 ; 
 and in 1896 was appointed special judge of the court of errors 
 and appeals of New Jersey for term expiring in 1902. He is asso- 
 ciate justice of the state supreme court of New Jersey; and re- 
 sides in Mount Holly, N. J. 
 
 Herrick, Francis Hobart, educator, author, was born Nov. 19, 
 1858, in Woodstock, Vt. He is professor of biology at Adelbert 
 
196 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 college of the Western reserve university of Cleveland, Ohio. Ho 
 is the author of The American Lobster, a Study of Its Habits and 
 Development with fifty-four plates; Home Life of Wild Birds; 
 and numerous papers on the habits and development of animals: 
 
 Hesseltine, E. Adelbert, lawyer, jurist, was born June 25, 
 1860, in Kansas. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools of the west; and at the university in Willamette Valley, 
 Oregon. He has been postmaster, city attorney, police judge; is 
 the principal land attorney in Eastern Washington and has held 
 numerous other positions of trust and honor in the gift of his city, 
 county and state. He donated a library to the town of Wilbur. 
 He is now trustee of the Wilbur city library; and is an eminent 
 lawyer of Wilbur, Wash. 
 
 Hewett, Waterman Thomas, educator, author, was born Jan. 
 10, 1846, in Miami, Mo. He has held the chair of German litera- 
 ture at Cornell university since 1883. He is the author of The 
 Frisian Language and Literature ; Aims and Efforts of Collegiate 
 Study of Modern Languages ; Mutual Relations of High Schools 
 and Colleges ; Cornell University, a History ; and other works. 
 
 Heyburn, Weldon Brinton, United States senator from Idaho, 
 was born May 23, 1852, in Delaware county, Pa. He received a 
 thorough academic education ; and also studied under private 
 tutors. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1876 ; 
 and has continuously practiced his profession since that time. In 
 1883 he settled in Shoshone county, Idaho ; and has always sup- 
 ported the republican party. In 1888-1892 and 1900 he was a 
 delegate to the republican national conventions; and in 1898 was 
 the nominee of the republican party for congress. He was de- 
 feated by combination of silver republicans, democrats and popu- 
 lists. He is a member of the republican national committee for 
 Idaho for the term of 1904-08. Since 1903 he has been a member 
 of the United State senate from Idaho as a republican for term 
 ending in 1909 ; and resides in Wallace, Idaho. 
 
 Hichborn, Philip, naval constructor, was born March 4, 1839, 
 in Charlestown, Mass. In 1860 he went to California; and soon 
 became master shipwright of the Mare island navy-yard. In 1869 
 he was appointed assistant naval constructor, with the station 
 rank of lieutenant in the navy. In 1884, having received his com- 
 mission as a naval constructor, he was sent to Europe on special 
 duty. Then in 1884 he was ordered to the navy department as 
 assistant chief of bureau ; and in 1893 was appointed chief con- 
 structor of the navy, and reappointed in 1897. He was retired in 
 1901 with the rank of rear-admiral. He has invented the Frank- 
 lin life buoy and the Hichborn balanced turrets. He is the author 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 197 
 
 of European Dock Yards; Standard Boats; and Sheathed and 
 Unsheathed Ships. 
 
 Hicks, Gwin, journalist, public official, was born Oct. 28, 1855, 
 near Olympia, Wash. He graduated from the university of Cali- 
 fornia. He learned the printer's trade in his father's office; and 
 subsequently he filled the editorial chair on various publications 
 in his state. He has been internal revenue collector; and was 
 commissioned lieutenant-colonel by Governor Semple. He was 
 elected to the state constitutional convention of Washington; 
 was the author and promoter of the present primary election law 
 of that state ; and in 1897 was elected state printer. 
 
 Hill, Henry Wayland, state senator of New York, was born 
 Nov. 13, 1853, at Isle La Motte, Vt. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation; and graduated from the university of Vermont. He has 
 attained success in the practice of law at Buffalo, N.Y. In 1894 
 he was a member of the New York state constitutional conven- 
 tion; and in 1896-1900 was a representative in the New York 
 state legislature. He is vice-president of the Buffalo Historical 
 society; one of the board of managers of the New York state 
 normal school ; and has filled various other positions of trust and 
 honor. He is the author of Development of Constitutional Law in 
 New York; and an article in the Encyclopedia Americana, and 
 other works; and was the framer of several constitutional pro- 
 visions in the constitution of the state of New York. Since 1901 
 he has been a member of the New York state senate for the forty- 
 seventh and forty-eight district ; and resides in Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 Hill, James J., railroad president, was born Sept. 16, 1838, in 
 Canada. The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba company is 
 now identified with the Great Northern railway system, of which 
 Mr. Hill became president in 1890. Since he took charge of its 
 affairs, the railway system has been extended from 380 to 4,500 
 miles, creating an unbroken line, through the several states, 
 from Lake Superior and St. Paul to Puget Sound on the Pacific 
 coast. The company also now owns a superb fleet of steamships 
 on the great lakes, the passenger steamers not being surpassed in 
 speed, design or accommodations by any of the great Atlantic 
 lines. 
 
 Hill, Louis W., railroad president. He has held various posi- 
 tions on the Great Northern railroad; and in 1907 became presi- 
 dent of that corporation. 
 
 Hill, William Henry, banker, founder, fiancier, was born July 
 14, 1838, in Boston, Mass. He received his education in the public 
 and the private schools of his native state ; and in 1855 graduated 
 from Roxbury high school. He entered business life as a clerk 
 in a publishing house ; in 1859-61 he was a partner in the firm of 
 
198 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Chase, Nichols and Hill ; and in 1861-69 was a bookseller and pub- 
 lisher on his own account. Since 1869 he has been a member of 
 the firm of Richardson, Hill and company, the well-known bank- 
 ers of Boston, Mass. He is president of the Renfrew Manufactur- 
 ing company, Foster's Wharf company, and of other companies. 
 He is a trustee of estates, and a director of the First national 
 bank of Boston, the Boston Insurance company, and the Eastern 
 Steamship company; the Metropolitan Steamship company; the 
 Clyde Steamship company, and the Mallory Steamship company; 
 and also of various steamship, manufacturing and other corpora- 
 tions. For twenty-five years he was president and manager of 
 the Boston and Bangor Steamship company, which was then sold 
 to the Eastern Steamship company. He is a member of the Bos- 
 ton chamber of commerce, and various other business, social and 
 patriotic societies ; and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 Hillquit, Morris, lawyer, author, was born Aug. 1, 1869, in 
 Russia. Since 1893 he has practiced law in New York City ; and 
 since 1902 has been committeeman of the national socialist party 
 for New York City. He is the author of History of Socialism in 
 the United States. 
 
 Hinds, John Iredelle Dillard, educator, author, was born Dec. 
 13, 1847, in Guilford county, N.C. In 1873-99 he was dean of the 
 college faculty and professor of chemistry at Cumberland uni- 
 versity; and since 1899 has been dean of the college faculty of 
 the university of Nashville, Tenn. He is the author of Uses of 
 Tobacco ; Charles Darwin ; and American System of Education. 
 
 Hine, Charles De Lano, soldier, railway examiner, organiza- 
 tion expert, author, was born March 15, 1867, in Vienna, Va., 
 where he still maintains a permanent residence. In 1885 he grad- 
 uated from the high school of Washington, D.C. He entered the 
 employ of a contractor; and subsequently in a competitive exam- 
 ination he won a cadetship, graduating in 1891 from the United 
 States military academy at West Point. He subsequently grad- 
 uated from the Cincinnati law school; and in 1893 was admitted 
 to the bar. In 1891-95 he served as a lieutenant in the United 
 States army; and resigned his commission and engaged in rail- 
 road work, filling the positions consecutively of brakeman, switch- 
 man, yardmaster, conductor, chief clerk, trainmaster, assistant 
 superintendent, right-of-way agent and a general superintendent, 
 besides holding various staff commissions. He served in the 
 Spanish-American war as a major in the United States volun- 
 teers ; and participated in the siege of Santiago de Cuba. In 1900 
 he was inspector of safety appliances for the Interstate com- 
 merce commission ; and in 1907 assisted in the revision of business 
 methods of the department of the Interior at Washington, D.C. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 199 
 
 In 1907-08 he acted as receiver of the Washington, Arlington 
 and Palls Church electric railway. He has become well known as 
 an eminent railway examiner and organization expert; is the 
 originator of The Hine System of Organization ; and which among 
 other special duties, he is now engaged in installing on the Harri- 
 man lines. He is the author of Letters From An Old Railway 
 Official To His Son. 
 
 Hinkle, James F., mayor of Roswell, New Mexico, was born in 
 1864 in Missouri. He received a thorough education; and grad- 
 uated from the state university of Missouri. He is now a success- 
 ful stock-raiser and banker of Roswell, N.M. ; and prominently 
 identified with the business and public affairs of his community. 
 For four years he was a representative in the New Mexico legis- 
 lature ; and for two years was a member of the state senate. Since 
 1900 he has been a member of the territorial board of equalization ; 
 is now mayor of his city ; and has filled various other positions of 
 trust and honor. Since 1903 he has been mayor of the city of Ros- 
 well, N.M. 
 
 Hinshaw, Edmund Howard, United States congressman from 
 Nebraska, was born Dec. 8, 1860, in Greensboro, Ind. For ten 
 years he taught school; and for one year was superintendent of 
 city schools of Fairbury, Neb. In 1887 he began the practice of 
 law ; and has held various city and county offices. In 1898 he was 
 a nominee for congress. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Nebraska as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fourth dis- 
 trict of Nebraska for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Fair- 
 bury, Neb. 
 
 Hinson, William G., planter, business man, was born in De- 
 cember, 1838, in James Island, S.C. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic and private schools of his native state. He is a successful Sea 
 Island cotton planter of Charleston county, S.C. ; and is promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of his county 
 and state. He has held several local positions of trust and honor; 
 and has always taken a leading part in public affairs and in the 
 advancement of all measures that tended to the benefit and prog- 
 ress of the business, mercantile and agricultural affairs of his 
 community. 
 
 Hirsh, Hugo, lawyer, author, was born Dec. 22, 1848, in Ger- 
 many. He received his education in the public schools of New 
 York City ; studied law, and is now a prominent attorney of 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. He was chairman of the Kings county executive 
 committee ; and council for assembly cities committee on investi- 
 gation of charities department. He has been counsel to the de- 
 partment of police and excise of Brooklyn; and counsel to the 
 
200 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sheriff of Kings county. He is also a successful orator ; and a con- 
 tributor to the periodical press ; and also to standard works. He 
 is the author of Hirsh on Juries ; Hirsh 's Tabulated Digest of the 
 Divorce Laws of the United States; also poems and short stories 
 to magazines. 
 
 Hiscock, Frank, lawyer, congressman, was born Sept. 6, 1834, 
 in Pompey, N.Y. He received an academic education; studied 
 law, was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced to practice 
 at Tully, N.Y. He was elected district attorney of Onondaga 
 county, serving in 1860-63 ; and was a member of the state consti- 
 tutional convention in 1867. He was elected to the forty-fifth, 
 forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth and fiftieth 
 congresses; and was elected to the United States senate as a 
 republican, to fill a vacancy, and took his seat March 4, 1887, for 
 term of service extending to March 3, 1893. 
 
 Hiscock, Frank Harris, lawyer, jurist, was born April 16, 1856, 
 in Tully, N.Y. In 1875 he graduated from Cornell university ; and 
 in 1878 began the practice of law. Since 1896 he has been justice 
 of the supreme court of New York ; and resides in Syracuse, N.Y. 
 
 Hitt, Isaac R., chief of division United States internal revenue, 
 was born Sept. 7, 1864, in Chicago, 111. In 1888 he graduated with 
 the degree of B.S. from the Northwestern university of Evans- 
 ton, 111. ; and in 1894 graduated from the Kent college of law. In 
 1898-1902 he was law clerk in the law division of the internal 
 revenue in the treasury department of the United States; and 
 since 1902 he has been chief of the miscellaneous division, United 
 States internal revenue. He is a member of the bar ; and in 1900 
 compiled the internal revenue laws for the United States treasury 
 department ; and resides in Washington, D.C. 
 
 Hoag, Charles E., lawyer, journalist, author, poet, was born 
 Sept. 18, 1849, in Moultonboro, N.H. He was at one time the 
 editor and owner of the Peabody Reporter and the American 
 Citizen of Boston, in which city he was at one time president of 
 a corporation publishing one of the daily papers. He has pub- 
 lished several prose works ; and a volume of poems entitled Chords 
 and Discords. He has been a trustee of the Peabody institute; 
 and held various other positions of trust and honor. For two 
 terms he was a representative in the Massachusetts state legisla- 
 ture ; and resides in Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Hoard, William Dempster, soldier, farmer, journalist, gov- 
 ernor, was born Oct. 10, 1836, in Stockbridge, N.Y. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools. During the civil war he served in 
 the fourth regiment Wisconsin infantry and in the first regiment 
 New York light artillery; and participated in numerous battles 
 and skirmishes. In 1870 he founded the Jefferson county union ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 201 
 
 and in 1885 founded Hoard's Dairyman at Fort Atkinson, Wis. 
 He was president of the Northwestern dairymen's association. 
 He has been president of the Wisconsin editorial association ; and 
 commander of the department of Wisconsin of the grand army 
 of the republic. In 1889-91 he was governor of the state of Wis- 
 consin. He has also been president of the National dairy union ; 
 and is now president of the board of regents of the university of 
 Wisconsin. He is the owner of a large farm and herd of pure- 
 bred Guernsey cattle ; and is prominently identified with the busi- 
 ness and public affairs of Wisconsin. 
 
 Hodge, Richard Morse, clergyman, educator, author, was born 
 May 25, 1864, in Mauch Chunk, Pa. Graduated Princeton uni- 
 versity 1886, Princeton theological seminary 1889, received degree 
 of D.D. from university of Nashville, 1901. Since 1890 he has 
 been a clergyman of the presbyterian church ; 1901-7 has been 
 director of extension courses for law students in the Union theo- 
 logical seminary and since 1902 lecturer in Biblical literature at 
 Columbia university. He is the author of Historical Atlas, Chro- 
 nology of the Life of Jesus Christ, Manual Methods of Sunday- 
 school Teaching, New Testament Authors and Their Works, Hodge 
 Historical Maps for Bible Study, and several pamphlets on Bibli- 
 cal literature and religious education. His specialty is the reli- 
 gious education of children. 
 
 Hodges, Harry Marsh, naval officer, was born June 21, 1855, 
 in Carrollton, 111. In 1875 he graduated from the United States 
 naval academy ; and was promoted midshipman, ensign and com- 
 mander. In 1905 he voluntarily retired with the rank of captain, 
 having the longest, most continuous man-of-war sea service of any 
 officer on the naval list. He was supervisor of the harbor of New 
 York and hydrographer United States navy. In 1900 he com- 
 pleted the survey for the Trans-Pacific submarine caole; and 
 discovered the greatest depth ever found, five thousand, two hun- 
 dred and sixty-nine fathoms. 
 
 Hodges, John Sebastian Bach, clergyman, composer, author, 
 was born in 1830 in Bristol, England. He came to the United 
 States in 1845 ; and in 1854 graduated from the general theolog- 
 ical seminary. He was the rector of several well-known churches, 
 including Grace church of Newark; also St. Paul's parish, Balti- 
 more; and is now rector emeritus. He is a life member of the 
 Wyoming historical and geographical society ; and was its presi- 
 dent in 1879-80. He is the composer of many anthems, chants and 
 hymn tune ; and compiled the Book of Common Praise as a com- 
 panion to the Book of Common Prayer. 
 
 Hoe, Robert, manufacturer, inventor, founder, was born 
 March 10, 1839, in New York City. In 1863 Robert Hoe entered 
 
202 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the press manufacturing establishment of his father as a partner. 
 From that time to the present his labors in connection with it 
 have been unremitting. During the past twenty years he has pro- 
 duced some of the most remarkable pieces of mechanism of 
 the century. He was one of the founders of the Metropolitan 
 museum of art. 
 
 Hoefer, Daniel H., mayor of Higginsville, Mo., was born Feb. 
 18, 1868, at Hopewell academy, Warren county, Mo. He received 
 a thorough education ; and graduated from the Central Wesleyan 
 college of Warrenton, Mo. He is a successful banker and busi- 
 ness man of Higginsville, Mo. ; is connected with the bank of Hig- 
 ginsville, Mo.; and prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of that city. For two years he was alderman of 
 Higginsville, Mo.; for four years was city treasurer; and for 
 several years has filled the office of mayor. In 1900 he was a dele- 
 gate to the republican national convention; is now treasurer of 
 the Mayors ' association of Missouri ; and has filled various other 
 positions of trust and honor. Since 1902 he has been mayor of 
 the city of Higginsville ; and resides in Higginsville, Mo. 
 
 Hoffman, Frank Sargent, educator, author, was born Feb. 9, 
 1852, in Sheboygan Falls, Wis. In 1876 he graduated with the 
 degree of Ph.D. from Amherst college; receiving the degree of 
 B.D. from Yale college ; and studied in Germany. In 1883-85 he 
 was instructor in philosophy at the Wesleyan university; and 
 since 1885 has been professor of philosophy at Union college of 
 Schenectady, N.Y. He is a member of the American philosophical 
 society; a member of the American association for the advance- 
 ment of science; and a member of various other education and 
 scientific societies. He is the author of Sphere of the State; 
 Sphere of Science; Psychology and Common Life; and other 
 works. 
 
 Hoit, James De Witt 0., physician, poet, was born Aug. 25, 
 1842, in Laconia, N.H. He graduated in medicine from the Mis- 
 souri medical college of St. Louis ; and has practiced his profession 
 with success in Yates City and Elmwood, 111. He has contributed 
 extensively to the medical literature and the periodical press; 
 and his poems have been incorporated into Poets of America and 
 other standard works ; and resides in Elmwood, 111. 
 
 Holden, Alexander Martin, merchant, railroad director, bank- 
 er, was born Oct. 11, 1848, in Mendon, N.Y. He was prepared for 
 college at the Rochester high school. He has been extensively 
 engaged in the mercantile and banking business; and in 1870 
 established a bank at Honeoye Falls, N.Y., of which he has since 
 been proprietor. He was one of the original proprietors of the 
 Rochester southern railroad, a part of the Lehigh Valley system, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 203 
 
 of which he has been a director for fifteen years. He is a stock- 
 holder and director in many local enterprises. He organized the 
 Union school of Honeoye Falls ; and is interested in educational 
 matters. He has been trustee and treasurer of the Genesee Wes- 
 leyan seminary at Lima since 1887 ; and in 1896 was a lay dele- 
 gate to the general conference of the methodist episcopal church. 
 He is a member of the Rochester historical society; and a member 
 of several civic and patriotic societies. 
 
 Holland, James Edwin Parker, member state board of medical 
 examination of Indiana, was born Nov. 27, 1876, in Detroit, Mich. 
 He was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and Chicago ; 
 and graduated in medicine from the Purdue university school 
 of medicine, Indiana state university. He also took a course at 
 the American school of osteopathy ; and is a successful practicing 
 physician of Indiana. Since 1905 he has been a member of the 
 state board of medical registration and examination of Indiana; 
 and resides in Bloomington, Ind. 
 
 Holliday, Elias S., United States congressman of Indiana, was 
 born March 5, 1842, in Aurora, Ind. He was taken west by his 
 parents, and spent his early life on a farm; secured a common 
 school education, and later in life a partial academic education. 
 He served through the civil war in a Kansas regiment; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1873. He was a member of 
 the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses from In- 
 diana as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress 
 from the fifth district of Indiana for the term of 1907-09; and 
 resides in Brazil, Ind. 
 
 Hollister, Mrs. Lillian M., educator, reformer, author, was born 
 in 1853 in Milford, Mich. ; and is the daughter of Phineas Bates, 
 a pioneer of Oakland county, Mich. She was educated in the 
 public schools; graduated from the high school; and took a course 
 of normal training. She taught school; and studied music and 
 literature. She has been secretary, vice-president and president 
 of the Central woman's christian temperance union of Detroit, 
 Mich.; and president of the Woman's christian temperance union 
 of unions of that city. In 1893 she was elected great commander 
 of the Ladies of the Maccabees of Michigan ; and since 1895 has 
 been supreme commander of the Ladies of the Maccabees of the 
 world. For a number of years she has been state parliamentarian 
 for the Woman's christian temperance union for Michigan. She 
 is also corresponding secretary of the National council of women 
 of the United States. She is the author of The Manual of Parlia- 
 mentary Terms and Procedure ; Pocket Manual of Parliamentary 
 Terms; Convention How; A Model Union; and other works. 
 
204 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Holmes, Joseph Austin, educator, mining technologist, was 
 born Nov. 23, 1859, in Laurens, S.C. In 1881 he graduated from 
 Cornell university. In 1881-91 he was professor of geology and 
 natural history in the university of North Carolina; and since 
 1891 has lectured on geology in that institution. He was state 
 geologist of North Carolina in 1891-1904; was in charge of the 
 United States Geological Survey laboratories for testing fuels 
 and structural materials, St. Louis, 1904-07; and in Pittsburg 
 since 1908. He was chief technologic branch United States Geo- 
 logical Survey, in charge of investigation of mine accidents, fuels 
 and structural materials ; chief department mines and metallurgy, 
 St. Louis Exposition in 1904. 
 
 Holmes, William, lumberman, financier, was born April 16, 
 
 1830, in New Brunswick, Canada. In 1854 he moved to Green 
 Bay, Wis., thence to Escanaba, Mich. ; and in 1858 to Menominee, 
 Mich. For forty years he has been actively engaged in the lum- 
 ber business ; is part owner of a paper mill, and a stockholder in 
 the Lumberman's national bank. He has taken an active part in 
 the business and public affairs of his city, and has filled numerous 
 offices of trust. 
 
 Holston, George, painter, artist, was born March 10, 1835, in 
 London, England. In 1867 he moved to New York City, and has 
 attained prominence as a portrait painter and successful art 
 teacher. He has exhibited occasionally in the American water- 
 color society, and other institutions of art. 
 
 Holt, Homer A., lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born April 27, 
 
 1831, in Parkersburg, W.Va. He received his education at the 
 Rector college, and at the university of Virginia. In 1872 he was 
 a member of the constitutional convention of West Virginia. In 
 1871 he became circuit judge of the Greenbrier circuit, which po- 
 sition he filled with distinction for sixteen years. In 1890 he be- 
 came president judge of the supreme court of appeals of West 
 Virginia, his term ending on Jan. 1, 1897. 
 
 Holt, William Henry, lawyer, jurist, was born Nov. 29, 1842, 
 in Bath county, Ky. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native state ; attended the Twinsburg institute of Ohio ; and in 
 1862 graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the New York law 
 university at Albany. In 1863-84 he practiced law in Mount 
 Sterling, Ky. ; in 1884-93 was judge of the Kentucky court of ap- 
 peals at Frankfort ; and in 1891-92 was chief justice of Kentucky. 
 In 1893-1900 he practiced law in Frankfort, Ky. ; in 1904 was first 
 United States district judge of Porto Rico; and since 1904 has 
 practiced his profession in Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Holton, Henry Dwight, physician, surgeon, was born in 1838 
 in Rockingham, Vt. He was educated at the Saxton's River sem- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 205 
 
 inary, Vt., and in 1860 received his degree of M.D. from the uni- 
 versity of New York. He has attained success as a physician and 
 surgeon in Brattleboro, Vt., where he is a member of the state 
 board of health. He served as commissioner from Vermont to the 
 Mexican national exposition of industries and fine arts ; is a mem- 
 ber of the American association for the advancement of science ; 
 was a delegate to the republican national convention in 1896, and 
 has taken an active part in the public affairs of his city, county 
 and state ; and resides in Brattleboro, Vt. 
 
 Hooper, William Leslie, civil engineer, electrician, mathema- 
 tician, author, was born Aug. 2, 1855, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 
 1877 he graduated from Tufts college ; and has received the de- 
 grees of A.M. and Ph.D. from that institution. In 1878-82 he was 
 an instructor in mathematics and in sciences ; in 1883-90 was pro- 
 fessor of physics in Tufts college ; and since 1890 has been pro- 
 fessor of electrical engineering in that institution. He developed 
 the electrical engineering department of Tufts college, one of the 
 first to be started in the United States. He is the author of Elec- 
 trical Problems. 
 
 Hooton, Mott, soldier, was born April 16, 1838, in Philadelphia, 
 Pa. In 1861-64 he served in the civil war ; and was brevetted ma- 
 jor. In 1866 he was appointed to the regular army as first lieu- 
 tenant in the thirteenth infantry; and in 1902 was retired with 
 the rank of brigadier-general. He organized the twenty-eighth 
 infantry, which served in the Philippines; and in 1890 was bre- 
 vetted major for services in action against the Indians. 
 
 Hopkins, Albert J., United States senator of Illinois, was born 
 Aug. 15, 1846, in DeKalb county, 111. In 1872-76 he was states 
 attorney of Kane county, 111. ; and was a presidential elector in 
 1884. He was a member of the forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, 
 fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh and fifty-eighth congresses as a republican. He was 
 elected to the United States senate for the term of 1903-09 ; and 
 resides in Aurora, 111. 
 
 Hopkins, Archibald, soldier, lawyer, government official, au- 
 thor, was born Feb. 20, 1842, in Williamstown, Mass. ; and is the 
 son of the late Mark H. Hopkins. In 1862 he graduated from 
 Williams college. In 1862-65 he served in the civil war as captain 
 and brevet major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel in the thirty- 
 seventh Massachusetts regiment; and was an officer of the gov- 
 ernment under the reconstruction acts in 1866. He studied law in 
 the office of David Dudley Field; graduated from the Columbia 
 law school; and practiced law until 1873 in New York City. He 
 has received the degrees of A.M. and LL.B. He has been presi- 
 dent of the district of Columbia society sons of the American rev- 
 
206 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 olution ; president of the Williams college alumni association ; and 
 a member of the national geographical society, the American so- 
 cial science association and the Washington academy of sciences. 
 Since 1873 he has been clerk in the United States court of claims 
 of Washington, D.C. ; and is now chief clerk. He is the author 
 of The Apostles ' Creed ; and other works. 
 
 Hopkins, George H., soldier, lawyer, legislator, manufacturer, 
 was born Nov. 7, 1842, in White Lake, Mich. He received his 
 education in the public schools of his native state ; graduated 
 from the Michigan state normal school in 1867 ; and in 1871 from 
 the law department of the university of Michigan. During the 
 civil war he served as a union soldier in the seventeenth regi- 
 ment Michigan volunteer infantry ; and in 1889-90 was adjutant- 
 general of the Grand Army of the Republic. During 1879-84 he 
 served with distinction as a member of the Michigan house of 
 representatives ; was speaker pro tern in 1883-84, and chairman of 
 the judiciary committee. In 1888-90 he was chairman of the 
 republican state central committee, and in 1890-94 was collector 
 of customs for the port of Detroit, in which city he has attained 
 prominence as a business man and a successful manufacturer; 
 and resides in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Hord, Francis T., lawyer, jurist, was born Nov. 24, 1835, in 
 Maysville, Ky. After receiving his education he studied law, and 
 became school examiner for Bartholomew county in 1857-58 ; and 
 in 1858-60 was district prosecuting attorney. During 1862-66 he 
 served with distinction as a member of the Indiana state senate. 
 During 1868-72 he was city attorney for the city of Columbus; 
 and for twenty years was county attorney for Bartholomew 
 county. In 1876 he was a delegate to the national democratic 
 convention, and in 1880 was a candidate for presidential elector. 
 In 1882 he was elected attorney-general for the state of Indiana ; 
 and in 1884 received the re-election to the same position. In 
 1892 he was elected to the high office of circuit judge for the 
 ninth judicial district of Indiana, and still holds that position. 
 
 Hornibrook, Edward, physician, surgeon, was born Oct. 28, 
 1838, in Ontario, Canada. He received his education in the public 
 schools, the university of Toronto, and the university of Victoria 
 college. He has served as dean of the medical college of Sioux 
 City, Iowa, and professor of gynaecology in that institution. In 
 1897-98 he was president of the Iowa state medical society; has 
 served as consulting physician and surgeon of the Iowa hospital 
 for the insane at Independence ; and during 1891-96 was trustee 
 of the State insane hospital. Since the new organization of the 
 hospital he has been a member of the medical counsel. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 207 
 
 Hornsby, John W., judge Travis county court of Texas, was 
 born Jan. 3, 1870, in Hornsby, Travis county, Tex. He received 
 a thorough education; and graduated from Trinity university. 
 He has attained success at the bar of Texas; for eight years he 
 was county clerk of Travis county, Texas ; has been deputy sher- 
 iff and deputy tax assessor; and chairman of the democratic exec- 
 utive committee of Travis county, Tex. He is county judge of 
 Travis county ; aud resides in x\ustin, Tex. 
 
 Horton, Edward Augustus, clergyman, author, was born Sept. 
 28, 1843, in Springfield, Mass. At the age of eighteen he left 
 school to serve as landsman in the South Atlantic squadron dur- 
 ing the civil war. In 1868-92 he filled pastorates in Leominster, 
 Hingham; and the latter twelve years at the second church in 
 Copley Square at Boston, Mass. He is the editor of Every Other 
 Sunday ; chaplain of the Massachusetts state senate ; chaplain of 
 the Massachusetts grand lodge of freemasons. Since 1892 he has 
 been president of the" unitarian Sunday-school society of Boston, 
 Mass. He is the author of Story of Israel; Great Thoughts of 
 Israel ; Scenes in the Life of Jesus ; Teaching of Jesus ; Beginning 
 of Christianity; Beacon Lights of Christian History; Character 
 Building; Foundation Truths in Religion; Great Passages from 
 the Bible ; and other works. 
 
 Hottenroth, Adolph C, president Taxpayers' alliance of New 
 York, was born May 9, 1869, in New York city. He was educated 
 in the public schools of his native city; at the college of the city 
 of New York ; and at the New York university. He soon attained 
 success in the practice of law; in 1894 was a member of the consti- 
 tutional convention; and in 1897-1901 was a member of the mu- 
 nicipal council of New York city. Since 1890 he has been a mem- 
 ber of the democratic political party. Since 1903 he has been 
 president of the Taxpayers' alliance; and resides in the borough 
 of the Bronx, New York city. 
 
 Houck, Henry, educator, public official, was born March 6. 
 1836, in Palmyra, Pa. He was educated in the public schools, at 
 Annville academy, and at the Arcadian institute ; and has received 
 the degrees of A.M. and Litt.D. Since 1852 he has been engaged 
 in educational work. In 1859 he was appointed superintendent 
 of schools for Lebanon county, Pa. ; and since 1869 he has been 
 deputy state superintendent of schools for the state of Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1872 he was president of the Pennsylvania state teach- 
 ers' association; and in 1903 the teachers and educators of the 
 state presented him with a purse of fifteen hundred dollars for an 
 extended trip to Europe, Asia and Africa. In May, 1907, he had 
 charge of the department of internal affairs. 
 
208 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Hough, Warwick, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 26, 1836, in 
 Loudoun county, Va. He served in the confederate army during 
 the civil war ; and for a while was on the staff of Lieutenant-Gen- 
 eral Taylor. In 1874-84 he was judge of the supreme court of 
 Missouri, during the last two years of which he was chief justice ; 
 and in 1901-07 was judge of the St. Louis circuit court. He is one 
 of the foremost lawyers of St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Houghton, Sherman Otis, soldier, lawyer, legislator, was born 
 April 10, 1828, in New York city. In 1846 he enlisted in the first 
 regiment of New York volunteers for service during the war with 
 Mexico. He went with his regiment around Cape Horn in 1846, 
 arriving at San Francisco on March 26, 1847. Soon after he went 
 to Mexico, and participated in numerous conflicts with the Mex- 
 ican troops ; was promoted to a lieutenancy, and made adjutant 
 of his command. After his return to California he engaged in 
 gold mining for a short time ; remained in San Jose during 1849- 
 86 ; thence to Los Angeles, where he has since resided. In 1855- 
 56 he was mayor of San Jose. In 1871-75 he was a representative 
 from California to the forty-second and forty-third congresses. 
 He served two years as ordnance officer on the staff of Major- 
 General H. W. Halleck, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 
 1860 he was admitted to the bar; has been leading counsel in 
 numerous important cases involving titles under Spanish and 
 Mexican land grants in California. 
 
 House, Roy Temple, educator, author, was born May 26, 1878, 
 in Lexington, Neb. He received a thorough education in public 
 and private schools of his native state. In 1901-02 he was a stu- 
 dent at the university of Michigan ; and has received the degrees 
 of A.B. and A.M. from Miami university. In 1901 he was prin- 
 cipal of the high school at Reiley, Ohio ; and in 1902-03 he was a 
 teacher of French and German at Racine college. In 1903-05 he 
 was an instructor of French at the St. Louis high school ; and pro- 
 fessor of modern languages at the Oklahoma southwestern state 
 normal school since 1905. He is the author of Three French Com- 
 edies; also articles and transactions in various magazines. 
 
 Hovey, George Rice, educator, college president, author, was 
 born Jan. 17, 1860, in Newton Center, Mass. In 1886-97 he was 
 professor of Hebrew and Greek at the Richmond theological sem- 
 inary ; and in 1897-98 was president of Wayland seminary and 
 college of Washington, D.C. In 1899-1901 he was professor, in 
 1901-05 was vice-president, and since 1905 has been president of 
 the Virginia union university of Richmond, Va. He is the author 
 of Hebrew Word-Book for Study and Class-Room. 
 
 Howard, Josiah, manufacturer, legislator, was born Jan. 3, 
 1861, in Williamsport, Pa. He was educated in the public schools 
 
OP THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 209 
 
 of his native state. He is a successful manufacturer of lumber; 
 and has been burgess of Emporium, Pa. He is a representative 
 in the Pennsylvania state legislature; and a member and chair- 
 man of the ways and means committee. 
 
 Howard, William, judge municipal court of Huntington, Utah, 
 was born Jan. 13, 1847, in Belfast, Ireland. In 1853 he settled in 
 Utah. In 1865 he was appointed second-lieutenant in the Nauvoo 
 legion, and took charge of a company of men in the Black Hawk 
 Indian war. In 1870 he was prosecuting attorney of Rich county, 
 and filled various other positions of public trust. For ten years 
 he was statistic correspondent of the United States agricultural 
 department. In 1894 he was elected a member of the constitu- 
 tional convention and was one of the signers of the constitution 
 of Utah in 1895. He has also served as a United States court 
 commissioner. In 1896 he was elected a representative of the first 
 Utah state legislature, and served in that body with distinction. 
 He is an able lawyer of Huntington, Utah ; and in 1896 was elected 
 county attorney. He is director and secretary of the Huntington 
 co-operative mercantile association, director and secretary of the 
 Huntington canal and reservoir association, and president of the 
 electric light and milling company. He is chairman of the board 
 of education ; United States commissioner for the district of Utah ; 
 and judge of the municipal court of Huntington, Utah. 
 
 Howe, Daniel Wait, soldier, lawyer, jurist, genealogist, was 
 born Oct. 24, 1839, in Patriot, Ind. In 1850 he removed to Frank- 
 lin, and graduated from the scientific department of the college in 
 that city. During the civil war he served as a union soldier in 
 company H of the seventh regiment Indiana volunteer infantry ; 
 and afterward as lieutenant and captain of company I, seventy- 
 ninth regiment Indiana volunteer infantry. He was discharged 
 Nov. 10, 1864, in consequence of wounds received in the battle 
 of Kenesaw. In 1867 he graduated from the Albany law school ; 
 practiced law in Franklin, Ind. ; and while there was city attor- 
 ney and state prosecuting attorney. In 1873 he moved to Indian- 
 apolis; was judge of the superior court during 1876-90, since 
 which time he has practiced his profession of law. He is vice- 
 president of the Indiana historical society; the author of the 
 Howe Genealogy; and one of the foremost lawyers of Indiana; 
 and resides in Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Howe, Herbert Alonzo, educator, astronomer, author, was 
 born Nov. 22, 1858, in Brockport, N.T. Since 1881 he has been 
 professor of mathematics and astronomy in the university of 
 Denver; and dean of the college of Liberal arts. He is also direc- 
 tor of the Chamberlain observatory. He is the author of A Study 
 of the Sky ; and Elements of Descriptive Astronomy. 
 
210 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Howe, James R., merchant, legislator, congressman, was born 
 Jan. 27, 1839, in New York city. His ancestors were among the 
 early settlers of New England. From his youth up he has been 
 engaged in the dry-goods business ; is trustee in a number of pub- 
 lic institutions in the city, and is vice-president of the Amphion 
 musical society and a member of the Union league club. In 1895- 
 99 he was a representative from New York to the fifty-fourth and 
 fifty-fifth congresses as a republican. He has taken a prominent 
 part in the deliberations of congress. He introduced an amend- 
 ment to the constitution of the United States, making it possible 
 for a uniform marriage and divorce law; and also advocated a 
 national bankrupt law, and the creation of a labor commission 
 bill. He has also spoken on the Armenian outrages, Cuba, the 
 emergency bond bill, and pensions. 
 
 Hubbard, Elbert Hamilton, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 Aug. 19, 1849, in Rushville, Ind. He was a member of congress 
 from the fourth district of Iowa, 1862-69 ; graduated from Yale 
 college in the class of 1872, and is a lawyer. He served as a mem- 
 ber of the house of representatives of the nineteenth general as- 
 sembly of Iowa, and of the senate in the twenty-seventh and 
 twenty-eighth general assemblies. In 1905-11 he was a represent- 
 ative from Iowa to the fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first con- 
 gresses as a republican. 
 
 Hubbard, Lucius Frederick, soldier, railroad president, gov- 
 ernor, was born Jan. 26, 1836, in Troy, N.Y. In his youth he 
 learned the tinner's trade. In 1854 he moved to Chicago, and 
 there worked at that trade for three years. In 1857 he moved to 
 Red Wing, Minn., and founded the Red Wing Republican. He 
 served with distinction during the civil war, rising from a private 
 of company A, fifth Minnesota volunteer infantry, through the 
 grades of captain, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel to the rank of 
 brigadier-general. In 1866 General Hubbard entered the grain 
 and flouring business; and ten years later commenced railroad 
 building, and became president of several railroads. He served 
 several years as state senator and from 1882 to 1887 as governor 
 of the great commonwealth of Minnesota, and filled that high 
 office to the satisfaction of the people of that state. In the Span- 
 ish-American war he served as brigadier-general of volunteers 
 in command of the third division of the seventh army corps ; and 
 resides in Red Wing, Minn. 
 
 Hubbard, Thomas Hamlin, soldier, lawyer, railroad president, 
 was born Dec. 20, 1838, in Hallowell, Maine. He received his 
 education in the Hallowell academy, Bowdoin college, and the 
 Albany law school. He served with distinction in the union army 
 during the civil war; was adjutant of the twenty-fifth regiment 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 211 
 
 of the Maine volunteer infantry; was promoted to lieutenant- 
 colonel of the thirtieth regiment Maine volunteer infantry; and 
 to colonel of the same regiment; and subsequently was made 
 brevet brigadier-general United States volunteers. In 1865 he 
 began the practice of law in New York city, and has attained 
 prominence as one of the leading lawyers of the state. He is 
 the president of the Oregon and California railroad company; 
 president of the California Pacific railroad company; president 
 of the Houston and Texas central railroad company; president 
 of the Austin and northwestern railroad company; president of 
 the Ft. Worth and New Orleans railroad company; and of the 
 Central Texas and northwestern railroad company. 
 
 Hubbell, J. Lorenzo, merchant, legislator, was born Nov. 20, 
 1853, in New Mexico. In 1855-86 he was sheriff of Apache county, 
 Arizona territory ; in 1893 was a member of the territorial council ; 
 and in 1896 was alternate to the national republican convention. 
 He is a successful merchant and Indian trader of Ganado, Ari- 
 zona territory ; and resides in Ganado, Ariz. 
 
 Hubbell, William Stone, soldier, clergyman, was born in 1837 
 in Wolcottville, Conn. In 1858 he graduated from Yale college ; 
 in 1866 graduated from Andover theological seminary ; and subse- 
 quently received the degree of D.D. from Hamilton college. In 
 1862-65 he served in the civil war ; and became captain and brevet 
 major in the twenty-first regiment Connecticut volunteers. He 
 received a medal of honor at the battle of Fort Harrison, Va. He 
 has filled pastorates in Braintree, West Roxbury and Somerville, 
 Mass. ; and in 1881-96 was pastor of the North presbyterian church 
 of Buffalo, N.Y. Since 1898 he has been general secretary of the 
 New York sabbath committee. He is chaplain of the New York 
 commandery loyal legion ; and of other patriotic orders. 
 
 Hubinger, John Carl, inventor, business man, was born March 
 18, 1852, in New Orleans, La. He is the senior member of the firm 
 J. C. Hubinger and company, of Keokuk, Iowa, inventors of 
 the celebrated elastic starch, which is used in nearly every house- 
 hold in America. He is the president and proprietor of the Keo- 
 kuk electric light and power system; and manager and owner of 
 the Mississippi valley telephone company, which is the largest 
 telephone company in the United States, excepting the Bell tele- 
 phone company. 
 
 Huckel, Samuel, designer, architect, was born Feb. 14, 1858, 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the Philadelphia high 
 school ; and then studied architecture. In 1883 he began the prac- 
 tice of architecture in Philadelphia, Pa. ; and since 1902 has been 
 a member of the firm of Watson and Huckel. He designed and 
 supervised the remodeling of the Grand Central station of New 
 
212 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 York city, the American express building; and numerous other 
 buildings, banks and churches in New York city and Philadelphia. 
 He is a member of the American institute of architects ; a member 
 of the Art club of Philadelphia; and a member of the Architec- 
 tural league of New York city. 
 
 Hughes, Charles Hamilton, physician, founder, author, was 
 born May 23, 1839, in St. Louis, Mo. In 1859 he graduated from 
 the St. Louis medical college. He was a major and army surgeon 
 in the military hospitals during the civil war. He is president of 
 the faculty and professor of nervous diseases in Barnes medical 
 college of St. Louis, Mo. He was editor and founder of the Alien- 
 ist and Neurologist. He is the author of Reflex; Shuttle Pulse; 
 Patriot's Prayer; Up With the Flag; Symposium of the Maine; 
 and the Great of Humble Birth in History. 
 
 Hughes, Daniel, banker, was born Dec. 6, 1847, near Liberty, 
 Mo. He received his education in the country schools, and at the 
 William Jewel college of Liberty, Mo. He has attained success 
 in financial affairs, and is the president of the First National bank 
 of Liberty. Mr. Hughes has taken an active part in the public 
 affairs of his city, county and state ; and is a prominent member 
 of various fraternal orders. 
 
 Hughes, George M., railroad president, was born June 19, 
 1843, in Southfield, N.Y. He was educated in the public and pri- 
 vate schools of his native state. For many years he was station 
 agent in various cities ; in 1894 became contracting agent of the 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad; in 1896 became general agent 
 for the New York, Susquehanna and western railroad; and has 
 held the offices of general freight agent, traffic manager and gen- 
 eral manager of different roads. He is now president and gen- 
 eral manager of the New Jersey, Indiana and Illinois railway, 
 with headquarters in New York city. 
 
 Hughes, Louis C, journalist, lawyer, jurist, governor, was 
 born May 15, 1844, in Philadelphia, Pa. He assisted in organizing 
 and was a member of the first lodge amalgamated order united 
 workmen. He began the practice of law in Tuscon, Ariz. ; was dis- 
 trict attorney for two terms ; was probate judge ; and became 
 attorney-general of Arizona. In 1893-96 he was governor of the 
 territory of Arizona. 
 
 Hughes, Robert Morton, lawyer, author, was born Sept. 10, 
 1855, in Abingdon, Va. He received a thorough education and 
 the degrees of A.B. from William and Mary college and A.M. 
 from the university of Virginia. In 1877 he was admitted to the 
 practice of law; and in 1895-96 was president of the Virginia 
 state bar association. Since 1877 he has practiced law in Norfolk, 
 Va. He is the author of Biography of General Joseph E. Johns- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 213 
 
 ton; Handbook of Admiralty Law; and Handbook of Federal 
 Jurisdiction and Procedure. 
 
 Hughes, William Edgar, soldier, lawyer, banker, was born 
 March 15, 1840, in Morgan county, 111. He was educated in the 
 Jacksonville high school; and attended the Illinois college to the 
 end of the sophomore year. In 1860 he removed to Texas ; was a 
 colonel in the confederate army ; and in 1865 was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1865-73 he practiced law in Weatherf ord, Texas ; and in 
 1873 continued his profession in Dallas and also in Denver. In 
 1873 he organized the City bank of Dallas, now the City national 
 bank ; and became its president. In 1884 he became president of 
 the Exchange national bank of Dallas, Texas ; and since 1881 has 
 been president of the Continental land and cattle company of 
 Denver, Colo. In 1890 he became president of the Union trust 
 company of St. Louis, Mo. ; and removed in 1898 to Denver, where 
 he organized the Continental trust company, of which he is presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Huling, James H., lumber merchant, congressman, was born 
 March 24, 1844, in Williamsport, Pa. He was elected mayor of 
 Charlestown, W.Va., in 1884, being the first republican ever elect- 
 ed to that office. He declined a renomination ; and was elected to 
 the fifty-fourth congress as a republican ; and resides in Charles- 
 town, W.Va. 
 
 Hummer, George Pierson, educator, business man, political 
 economist, was born Dec. 25, 1856, in Belvidere, N.J. After grad- 
 uating from the Northern Indiana normal school, he then became 
 superintendent of public schools of Holland, Mich., which position 
 he filled for seven years. He then organized and became the man- 
 ager of the West Michigan furniture company, one of the largest 
 manufacturers of furniture in the United States. He took a lead- 
 ing part in behalf of bimetallism in the presidential campaign of 
 1896, and became a candidate for congress on the state ticket. 
 
 Humphrey, George Scranton, engineer, financier, was born 
 Aug. 1, 1856, in Ithaca, N.Y. He attended scientific lectures at 
 Cornell university. In 1885 he became assayor and superintend- 
 ent of reduction works in Carlisle, N.M. ; in 1887 became assistant 
 manager and treasurer of the Kokomo glass company of Indiana; 
 and since 1900 has been treasurer and purchasing agent of the 
 C. W. Hunt company of New York city. He has traveled exten- 
 sively in the United States and Europe; and attended the joint 
 meetings of the American and English engineering societies in 
 Europe in 1900. For many years he was greatly interested in 
 republican politics ; and has filled various other positions of trust 
 and honor. 
 
214 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Humphrey, William Harrison, soldier, postmaster, was born 
 Dec. 18, 1835, in Underhill, Vt. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native state with a few terms in the academy. He 
 learned the tanner and currier's trade. In 1861 he enlisted as a 
 private soldier in company E, second regiment United States 
 sharpshooters ; and was mustered out as captain in 1865. He par- 
 ticipated in eighty-three battles and skirmishes; and lost his 
 right leg about the knee on April 2, 1865. He is now postmaster 
 of Fort Ethan Allen, Vt. 
 
 Hurley, James E., railroad manager, was born June 1, 1860, 
 in Wapello, Iowa. Since 1880 he has been in the service of the 
 Atchison, Topeko and Santa Fe railroad. In 1888-91 he was train- 
 master of the eastern division at Topeka, Kan.; and in 1891-94 
 was assistant superintendent of the Chicago division. In 1894- 
 1901 he was superintendent of the New Mexico and Rio Grande 
 divisions ; and since 1905 has been general manager of the Atchi- 
 son, Topeka and Santa Fe system, with headquarters at Topeka, 
 Kan. 
 
 Hurry, Edmund Abdy, soldier, lawyer, genealogist, was born 
 Aug., 1839, in New York city. In 1860 he graduated from Colum- 
 bia college ; and in 1862 graduated from the law school. He was 
 on volunteer picket duty in North Carolina during the civil war ; 
 served in various capacities; and was bearer of despatches to 
 Farragut's flagship at Pensacola harbor. He was wounded at 
 Bermuda Hundreds and at Chapin's Bluffs on the James river. 
 In 1864 he was a volunteer nurse of wounded and sick soldiers 
 in New York city. For many years he practiced law in New 
 York city; and is now retired. He is a director of the United 
 States fire insurance company. He has made public addresses; 
 and has written on genealogical and semi-historical subjects for 
 New York papers and other publications. 
 
 Hutton, Aurelius Winfield, lawyer, jurist, was born July 23, 
 1847, in Greene county, Ala. After receiving a liberal education 
 he became a cadet in the university of Alabama. He then studied 
 law, and graduated from the law department of the university of 
 Virginia in 1868, with the degree of B.L. In 1869 he was admitted 
 to the bar, and settled in Los Angeles, Cal., where he has attained 
 prominence as one of the leading lawyers of that state. In 1872 
 he was elected city attorney, and received the re-election two 
 years later. In 1887-88 he became superior judge of Los Angeles 
 county ; and in 1889 was appointed United States attorney. Presi- 
 dent Harrison appointed him special counsel of the United States 
 in the cases for violation of the neutrality laws of the United 
 States against the Itata in 1891. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 215 
 
 Hyde, Charles L., journalist, financier, was born June 23, 1861, 
 in Pike county, 111. From 1880 to 1886 he served as a commercial 
 traveler for an eastern manufacturing house. He then engaged 
 in mercantile business at Lima, Ohio, from whence he moved to 
 South Dakota in 1888, and has since been engaged in the real 
 estate business. Mr. Hyde's financial career has been most suc- 
 cessful, the results solely of his own perseverance, forethought 
 and integrity. He is the editor and owner of the Rustler of 
 Pierre, and influential in the public affairs of his city and state. 
 
 Hyde, Edward Pechin, physician, scientist, author, was born 
 Jan. 3, 1879, in Baltimore county, Md. In 1900 he graduated with 
 the degree of A.B. from the Johns Hopkins university ; in 1901-02 
 was a fellow of that university ; and in 1902-06 was a fellow by 
 courtesy, receiving the degree of Ph.D. In 1902-05 he was lab- 
 oratory assistant in the bureau of standards ; was assistant physi- 
 cist in 1905-07 and associate physicist since 1907 ; and has been in 
 charge of the section of photometry since 1903. In 1906 he made 
 a European tour in the interests of science. He is the author of 
 various scientific Monographs and articles, the result of his re- 
 searches in physics. 
 
 Hyde, Edwin Francis, soldier, lawyer, banker, was born June 
 23, 1842, in New York City. He served in a New York regiment 
 during the civil war. In 1863-88 he practiced law in New York 
 city. Since 1886 he has been vice-president and trustee of the 
 Central trust company of New York city; and is also president 
 of the Philharmonic society of New York city. 
 
 Hyde, George H., business president, director, was born in 
 1880 at Ridgway, Pa. He received a thorough education; and 
 graduated from Bucknell university. He is identified with var- 
 ious business enterprises in Pennsylvania; and is a director in 
 several corporations. He has been mayor of the city of Ridgway, 
 Pa.; and has filled several other positions of trust and honor. 
 Since 1900 he has held the rank of captain in the Pennsylvania 
 national guard ; and resides in Ridgway, Pa. 
 
 Hyde, James Nevins, surgeon, author, was born June 21, 1840, 
 in Norwich, Conn. He was assistant surgeon in the United States 
 navy in 1863 ; and is a surgeon of Chicago. He is the author of a 
 Standard Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, now in its eighth 
 edition. 
 
 Hyslop, James Hervey, educator, author, was born Aug. 18, 
 1854, in Xenia, Ohio. In 1877 he graduated from Wooster uni- 
 versity ; attended the Leipzig university ; and in 1887 received 
 the degree of Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins university, Smith college 
 and Bucknell university ; and was professor of logic and ethics in 
 Columbia university until 1902. He is also secretary of the Amer- 
 
216 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ican society for psychological research. He is the author of Ele- 
 ments of Logic ; Ethics of Hume ; Elements of Ethics ; Democracy ; 
 Logic and Argument ; Syllabus of Psychology ; Problems of Phil- 
 osophy ; and Science and a Future Life. 
 
 Illoway, Henry, physician, author, was born Nov. 29, 1848, in 
 Bohemia. He was educated in the public schools and by private 
 tutors ; and received his medical education at the Miami medical 
 college of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1869-70 he was resident physician 
 to the Cincinnati hospital; was professor of the diseases of chil- 
 dren at the Cincinnati college of medicine and surgery ; and visit- 
 ing physician to the Jewish hospital of that city. He is the author 
 of Constipation in Adults and Children, with Special Reference 
 to Habitual Constipation and Its Most Successful Treatment by 
 the Mechanical Methods ; The American Text-Book of the Diseases 
 of Children; and other works. 
 
 Ingalls, Melville Ezra, lawyer, state senator, railroad presi- 
 dent, was born Sept. 6, 1842, in Harrison, Maine. For about six 
 years he was engaged as a schoolmaster. He graduated from the 
 Bridgeton academy; attended Bowdoin college; and graduated 
 from the Harvard law school. In 1864 he opened a law office in 
 Gray, Maine; and shortly afterward moved to Boston, Mass. In 
 1867 he was a member of the Massachusetts state senate ; and in 
 1870 became president of that body. He moved to Ohio; and 
 became president of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Lafayette 
 railroad. In 1888-90 he was president of the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio railroad ; and since 1889 has been president of the Cleveland, 
 Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroad. He is also president 
 of the Merchants' national bank at Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Ingalsbe, Grenville Mellen, lawyer, jurist, banker, manufac- 
 turer, was born July 26, 1846, in Hartford, N.Y. He was educated 
 in the district schools; attended Hartford academy; studied at 
 Ford Edward collegiate institute ; graduated from Union college 
 and Harvard law school; and has received the degrees of A.B., 
 A.M. and LL.B. He has been president of the Sandy Hill na- 
 tional bank; and a director and officer in various industrial cor- 
 porations. He has been probate judge of Washington county, 
 N.Y. ; and has held various other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Iziar, James F., soldier, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born 
 Nov. 25, 1832, in Orangeburg county, S.C. He served as an officer 
 in the confederate army. He was state senator for ten years ; and 
 was for eight years, during his service in the senate, president 
 pro tempore of that body. In 1889-94 he was judge of the first 
 judicial circuit. He was a delegate to the national democratic 
 convention of 1884. In 1893-95 he was a representative to the 
 fifty-third congress as a democrat to fill a vacancy. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 217 
 
 Jack, Summers Melville, lawyer, congressman, was born July 
 18, 1852, in Summersville, Pa. Since 1879 he has been actively 
 engaged in the practice of law at Indiana, Pa. In 1883-89 he was 
 district attorney for Indiana county, Pa. ; and since 1886 has 
 been a member of the board of trustees of the Indiana normal 
 school of Pennsylvania. In 1899-1903 he was a representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh congresses 
 as a republican. He was one of the congressional commissioners 
 to investigate the conditions of the Philippine Islands; and vis- 
 ited Europe and the far east; and in 1902-03 on a similar com- 
 mission he also visited the West Indies and Mexico. 
 
 Jackson, Daniel Dana, engineer, chemist, was born Aug. 1, 
 1870, in Gloucester, Mass. In 1893 he received the degree of B.S. 
 from the Massachusetts institute of technology. He was success- 
 ively chemist of the Boston waterworks, biologist of the Massa- 
 chusetts state board of health, lecturer at the Massachusetts 
 institute of technology, and chief chemist of the Brooklyn water 
 supply. He is now director of the laboratories of the department 
 of water supply, gas and electricity of New York city; and is 
 also in general practice as sanitary engineer and chemist and 
 expert on water supply and sewage disposal. He is the author 
 of numerous papers and reports on sanitary engineering, chem- 
 istry, microscopy and bacteriology. 
 
 Jackson, John Jay, judge United States district court for 
 West Virginia, was born Aug. 4, 1824, in Parkersburg, Va. He 
 was prosecuting attorney for the county of Wirt, Va., from 
 1848 to 1854 ; and held the same position in the county of Ritchie 
 from 1850 to 1852. In 1851 he was elected a representative in 
 the legislature of Virginia for a term of two years; and was re- 
 elected in 1853. Since 1861 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for the northern district of West Virginia; 
 and resides in Parkersburg, W. Va. 
 
 Jacobus, David Schenck, engineer, was born Jan. 20, 1862, in 
 Ridgefield, N.J. In 1884 he graduated from Stevens institute 
 of technology ; and received the degree of Dr.Eng. in 1906. Since 
 1906 he has been special lecturer in experimental engineering at 
 Stevens institute of technology. In 1906-07 he was president of 
 the American society of refrigerating engineering ; and is a fellow 
 of the American association for the advancement of science. He 
 is an authority in steam engineering ; and has written many 
 papers on that and kindred subjects. 
 
 Jacobus, Melancthon Williams, educator, theologian, author, 
 was born Dec. 15, 1855, in Allegheny, Pa. In 1877 he graduated 
 from Princeton college; in 1881 graduated from Princeton theo- 
 logical seminary; has studied at the universities of Gottingen 
 
218 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and Berlin; and has received the degree of D.D. In 1884-91 he 
 was pastor of the presbyterian church of Oxford, Pa. ; and in 1899 
 was acting-pastor of the central congregational church of Hart- 
 ford, Conn. In 1901-02 he was lecturer on new testament at 
 Mount Holyoke college. Since 1891 he has been professor of new 
 testament literature and exegesis of the Hartford theological 
 seminary; and in 1902-03 was acting-president of that institu- 
 tion. He is the author of A Problem in New Testament Criti- 
 cism; Stone Lectures for 1897-98; and was contributing editor- 
 in-charge of the New Testament Department of the New Inter- 
 national Encyclopedia. 
 
 Jaffa, Nathan, merchant, banker, statesman, was born Dec. 28, 
 1863, in Germany. He was educated in the public schools of his 
 native country. He is a successful merchant and banker of Ros- 
 well, N.M. ; and prominently identified with the business, public 
 and political affairs of his city and state. In 1907 he was elected 
 secretary of state of New Mexico; is now serving his term of 
 1908-12 ; and resides in Roswell, N.M. 
 
 Jeffrey, Joseph Andrew, manufacturer, banker, inventor, was 
 born Jan. 17, 1836, in Clarksville, Ohio. In 1858-66 he was cash- 
 ier in a bank of Columbus, Ohio ; and in 1869-83 was cashier and 
 part owner of the Commercial bank of Columbus, Ohio. In 1866- 
 68 he was a third owner of the firm of Rickley, Howell and com- 
 pany, wholesale and retail carpet and furnishing of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. In 1878 he established the Jeffreys' manufacturing com- 
 pany of Columbus, Ohio ; and in 1883 became president and gen- 
 eral manager of that company. In 1878 less than a dozen men 
 were employed in the manufacture and sale of the Jeffrey under- 
 cutting coal mining machines. The manufacture of other classes 
 of machinery were gradually added, such as the air power and 
 electric power coal mining drills, electric locomotives, chain belt- 
 ing conveyors, also elevators, decorticators and crushers. In 1907 
 the company was employing more than three thousand men. He 
 has invented a number of devices connected with the Jeffrey's 
 under-cutting coal and mining machines, drills and special chains 
 manufactured by the company. 
 
 Jenkins, Burris Atkins, clergyman, educator, college president, 
 was born Oct. 2, 1869, in Kansas City, Mo. He has been pastor 
 of the third christian church of Indianapolis, Ind. ; and professor 
 in Butler college of Indianapolis; was president of the univer- 
 sity of Indianapolis ; and in 1901-07 was president of the Kentucky 
 university at Lexington, Ky. ; and fills a pastorate in Kansas 
 City, Mo. 
 
 Jenkins, Edmund Fellows, soldier, philanthropist, founder, 
 was born July 28, 1844, in Weedsport, N.Y. He served in the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 219 
 
 civil war; and was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. In 
 1875 he became secretary and superintendent of the New York 
 society for the prevention of cruelty to children, which position 
 he still occupies. He is a recognized authority on humane mat- 
 ters throughout the world ; has visited Europe several times ; and 
 aided in organizing such societies of England, France, Germany 
 and Italy. 
 
 Jenks, Edward Augustus, journalist, author, poet, was born 
 Oct. 30, 1830, in Newport, N.H. His life has been largely devoted 
 to journalistic and to literary work. During the civil war he was 
 connected with the shipyard at Cincinnati, Ohio, where four 
 monitors were built for the government. In 1866-70 he resided 
 at Vicksburg, Miss. In 1871-92 he was head of the republican 
 press association at Concord, N.H. For five years he was reporter 
 of the decisions of the supreme court of New Hampshire ; and in 
 1893 was in Chicago, 111., as resident secretary of the New Hamp- 
 shire world's fair commission. He is the author of The Spinning 
 Wheel at Rest ; and a volume of poems published in 1897. He died 
 in 1908 in Concord, N.H. 
 
 Jett, Thomas M., lawyer, congressman, was born May 1, 1862, 
 in Bedford county, 111. He attended the common schools of the 
 counties of Bond and Montgomery; two years at the Northern 
 Indiana Normal school, Valparaiso, Ind. ; taught school for three 
 terms, read law with Judge Phillips of Hillsboro, 111. ; and was 
 admitted to practice in May, 1887. He was elected state's attor- 
 ney of Montgomery county, 111., in 1889, and served two terms, 
 covering a period of about eight years. He was elected to the 
 fifty-fifth congress as a democrat. 
 
 Jewett, Charles, physician, surgeon, author, was born in 1842 
 in Bath, Maine. He was educated in the common schools; and 
 graduated from the high school of Bath, Maine. In 1864 he grad- 
 uated from Bowdoin college, where he received the degrees of 
 A.B., A.M. and Sc.D. In 1871 he graduated from the College of 
 physicians and surgeons of New York city with the degree of 
 M.D. Since 1871 he has practiced medicine in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; 
 and since 1880 he has been professor of obstetrics and pediatrics 
 at the Long Island hospital. Since 1882 he has been obstetrician to 
 that hospital ; and since 1893 has been consulting obstetrician to 
 the Kings county hospital. He is the author of Essentials of Ob- 
 stetrics; and Children's Nursery. 
 
 Johannsen, Albert, petrologist, geologist, author, was born 
 Dee. 3, 1874, in Belle Plaine, Iowa. He was educated in the uni- 
 versity of Illinois ; the university of Utah ; and at the Johns Hop- 
 kins university. He has received the degrees of B.S. and Ph.D. 
 Since 1903 he has been assistant geologist; and since 1907 has 
 
220 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 been acting chief of the section of petrology of the United States 
 geological survey. In 1909 he gave a special course of lectures 
 on petrology at the university of Chicago. He is a member of the 
 American association for the advancement of science ; and other 
 scientific societies. He is the author of A Key for the Deter- 
 mination of Rock-Forming Minerals in Thin Sections. 
 
 Johnson, Charles Philip, lawyer, legislator, lieutenant gov- 
 ernor, was born Jan. 18, 1836, in Lebanon, 111. In 1859 he was 
 elected city attorney of St. Louis; in 1866 was a member of the 
 state legislature; in 1866 was appointed circuit attorney for the 
 city and county of St. Louis ; and in 1872 was elected lieutenant- 
 governor ; and in 1892 accepted the professorship of criminal law 
 in the law department in the university of St. Louis. 
 
 Johnson, Henry W., member internal improvement commission 
 of Illinois, was born Dec. 10, 1858, in La Salle county, 111. He was 
 educated at Jennings seminary of Aurora, 111. ; and at the North- 
 western university at Evanston, 111. He is a successful lawyer, 
 banker and president of the Central life insurance company of 
 Illinois. In 1888-92 he was clerk of the circuit court of La Salle 
 county, 111. ; and for two terms in 1894-1902 he was judge of the 
 county court of that county. He has been president of the board 
 of education of Ottawa, 111. ; and has filled various other positions 
 of trust and honor. He is a member of the Hamilton club of 
 Chicago ; and various other clubs and organizations. He is a mem- 
 ber of the internal improvement commission of Illinois; is now 
 serving the term of 1899-1913 ; and resides in Ottawa, 111. 
 
 Johnson, Sylvanus Elihu, educator, journalist, was born Jan. 
 19, 1841, in Jefferson county, Ohio. He was educated in the public 
 and select schools of Steubenville, Ohio; and attended the Rich- 
 mond college and the McNeely normal school of Harrison county, 
 Ohio. For several years he taught school in Jefferson and Cosh- 
 octon counties, Ohio. He worked in various places as a printer ; 
 was city editor of the Ohio Statesman ; became city editor, manag- 
 ing editor and editorial writer on the Ohio State Journal; and 
 since 1879 has been on the editorial staff of the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer, as state correspondent, managing editor and editorial 
 writer. For one year he was on the staff of the New York World ; 
 and in 1895 was editorially connected with the New York Jour- 
 nal. In 1900 he was a member by proxy of the democratic na- 
 tional convention; and has participated in Ohio and national 
 democratic politics. He is now chief editorial writer on the Cin- 
 cinnati Enquirer, but spends the greater portion of each year in 
 Washington, D.C. ; and resides in Washington, D.C. 
 
 Johnston, Louis R., mayor of Boulder, Col., was born Feb. 4, 
 1858, in Old Mines, Mo. He was educated in the public schools ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 221 
 
 has had a varied experience in mining business; and for many 
 years he has been connected with the mining business. He is also 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 Boulder, Col. ; is mayor of his city ; has shown great business and 
 executive ability in the administration of its affairs ; and has filled 
 various other positions of trust and honor. He is now filling the 
 office of mayor of the city of Boulder, Col. 
 
 Jones, Asahel W., lawyer, lieutenant governor, was born Sept. 
 18, 1838, in Johnstonville, Ohio. He received his education in the 
 common and academic schools, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1859. Since 1864 he has practiced his profession in Youngstown, 
 and of late years has confined himself almost entirely to corpora- 
 tion practice. In 1874 he was one of the organizers of the Second 
 national bank of Youngstown, of which he is a director ; in 1877 
 he was one of the organizers of the dollar savings and trust com- 
 pany of Youngstown, Ohio, and has since been interested in its 
 management. He has also been interested in various iron indus- 
 tries, and is a successful farmer and stock raiser. For two years 
 he was a delegate to the national republican convention ; and has 
 often been a delegate to state and other conventions. During 
 Governor Foraker's two terms he was judge advocate-general. 
 In 1884 he was president of the Ohio state bar association. In 
 1896 was elected lieutenant governor of Ohio. 
 
 Jones, Charles Reading, chairman of the National prohibition 
 party, was born Nov. 9, 1862, on a farm eighteen miles from Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and has attained note as a successful jour- 
 nalist and well known reformer. In 1892-97 he was county chair- 
 man of the prohibition party of Philadelphia ; and in 1897-1905 he 
 was state chairman of the prohibition party of Pennsylvania. He 
 was president and founder of the Associated Prohibition Press; 
 in 1880-87 was publisher of the Tabernacle Magazine ; was pub- 
 lisher of The People in 1905 ; in 1885-90 was publisher of the 
 Horseman's Guide; and in 1886-91 was publisher of the Harness 
 Journal. Since 1905 he has been chairman of the National pro- 
 hibition party, with headquarters in Chicago; and resides in 
 Evanston, HI. 
 
 Jones, Frank Johnston, president Yale club of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, was born April 22, 1838, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was edu- 
 cated at Brooks private classical school of Cincinnati, Ohio; in 
 1859 graduated from the academical department of Yale college ; 
 in 1866 graduated from the Cincinnati law school; and has re- 
 ceived the degrees of LL.B. and M.A. He is by profession an 
 attorney-at-law. For about twenty years he was director of the 
 university of Cincinnati ; and at the time of his retirement in 1896 
 
222 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he was chairman of the board of directors. He is president of the 
 Little Miami railroad company ; president Cincinnati equitable in- 
 surance company ; director of the Cincinnati street railway com- 
 pany ; director of the First national bank of Cincinnati ; director 
 of the Dayton and Michigan railroad company; director of the 
 Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad company ; and a director in the 
 Spring Grove cemetery association. He is president of the Yale 
 club of Cincinnati ; and resides in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Jones, Lewis Henry, educator, college president, author, was 
 born July 3, 1844, in Noblesville, Ind. He was educated at the 
 Spiceland academy; graduated from the Oswego normal school; 
 and received the degree of A.M. from De Pauw university. In 
 1884-94 he was superintendent of the public schools of Indianapo- 
 lis, Ind. ; in 1894-1902 he was superintendent of public schools of 
 Cleveland, Ohio ; and since 1902 has been president of the Michi- 
 gan state normal college. He is the author of The Jones Readers. 
 Jones, Nathaniel M., manufacturer, legislator, state senator, 
 inventor, was born May 1, 1858, on Turks Island, West Indies. 
 He is a noted manufacturer of sulphite pulp of Lincoln, Maine ; 
 and the inventor of several improvements in the machinery for 
 its manufacture. He served as state commissioner of Maine for 
 erection of Howland bridge. In 1895-98 he was a member of the 
 state legislature; and in 1898-1902 was a member of the Maine 
 state senate. In 1903 he became a member of the governor's coun- 
 cil for term ending in 1907. In 1907 he was appointed a member 
 of the state survey. He is also the founder and general manager 
 Katahdin Pulp and Paper company, of Lincoln, Maine; and re- 
 sides in Lincoln, Maine. 
 
 Jones, William Caswell, lawyer, jurist, author, poet, was born 
 July 15, 1848, in Hutsonville, 111. His father was Caswell Jones, 
 a merchant and beloved citizen who died when the son was in 
 his fifth year. He received the rudiments of his education in the 
 public schools ; spent three years at the Ohio Wesleyan university 
 of Delaware; and graduated from the law school at Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. In 1868 he was admitted to the bar ; and served with dis- 
 tinction as a member of the twenty-seventh general assembly of 
 Illinois in 1871 and 1872. In 1877 he was elected county judge of 
 his county; was elected to the circuit bench in 1879; and re- 
 elected circuit judge in 1885, his term expiring in 1891. He is 
 co-author of Jones and Cunningham's Practice in County Courts 
 in Illinois ; of Birch-Rod Days and Other Poems, published by the 
 American Publishers' Association; and Elements and Science of 
 English Versification. He is vice-president of the Robinson bank ; 
 and resides in Robinson, 111. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 223 
 
 Joseph, Antonio, merchant, jurist, state senator, congressman, 
 was born Aug. 25, 1846, in Taos, N.M. He was county judge of 
 Taos county, N.M., for eight years; and was a representative in 
 the territorial legislature for eight years. He was a senator in 
 the territorial legislature when elected a delegate from New Mex- 
 ico to the forty-ninth congress ; and was re-elected to the fiftieth, 
 fifty-first, fify-second and fifty-third congresses as a democrat; 
 and resides in Ojo Caliente, N.M. 
 
 Joseph, Harry Sheridan, state representative of Utah, was 
 born June 14, 1866, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a thorough 
 education and graduated from the McMecken university of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. He has attained prominence as a successful civil 
 and mining engineer and mine manager. He has been chief en- 
 gineer of the Great Salt Lake and Hot Springs railway; county 
 surveyor of Salt Lake county, Utah ; and vice-president of the 
 board of trustees of the Utah industrial school. Since 1905 he has 
 been a representative in the Utah state legislature and resides in 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Judson, Frederick Newton, lawyer, author, was born Oct. 7, 
 1845, in St. Mary's, Ga. In 1866 he graduated from Yale college ; 
 and has received the degree of A.M. from the St. Louis law school 
 and LL.D. from the universities of Missouri and Yale. Since 1871 
 he has practiced law in St. Louis, Mo. In 1871-73 he was secre- 
 tary to Governor Gratz Brown; and in 1880-82 and 1887-89 was 
 president of the board of education of St. Louis, Mo. He is the 
 author of Law and practice of Taxation in Missouri ; The Taxing 
 Power ; State and Federal in the United States ; and The Law of 
 Interstate Commerce and its Federal Regulation. 
 
 Judson, Harry Pratt, educator, author, was born Dec. 20, 
 1849, in Jamestown, New York. He was a professor of political 
 science; and since 1907 has been president of the university of 
 Chicago. He is the author of Europe in the Nineteenth Century; 
 The Growth of the American Nation; Caesar's Army, a study of 
 the Military Art of the Romans; History of the Troy Citizen's 
 Corps; The Higher Education as a Training for Business; The 
 Latin in English; The Mississippi Valley; The Young American; 
 and other works. 
 
 Kahn, Lazard, manufacturer, was born Nov. 22, 1850, in Al- 
 sace. In 1866 he came alone to the United States; in 1873 became 
 owner of an interest in the stove foundry of Martin Henderson 
 and company at Hanging Rock, Ohio ; and later, with his broth- 
 ers, purchased the entire business. In 1884 he built a large foun- 
 dry plant at Hamilton, Ohio. He is vice-president of the Estate 
 stove company; vice-president of the Lungwitz reduction com- 
 pany ; vice-president of the Lemann planting company ; and vice- 
 
224 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 president and director in various other corporations. In 1895-97 
 he was president of the National association of stove manufactur- 
 ers ; and in 1889 and 1900 was a juror at the Paris expositions. 
 
 Kaiser, Mark, musician, composer, was born Feb. 22, 1855, in 
 New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Paris conservatory; 
 and as a solo player attained prominence in that city. During 
 1876-78 he traveled in the United States and Canada, as violin 
 soloist, with artists under the management of Max Strakosch 
 and Henry Mapleson. He has attained great prominence in the 
 musical world ; and is noted also for his success as a teacher and 
 concert violinist of New Orleans, La. 
 
 Kaufman, Abraham Charles, financier, philanthropist, was 
 born Sept. 10, 1839, in Charleston, S.C. In 1871 he began his busi- 
 ness life as a financier; and for over thirty wears was identified 
 with large enterprises in Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Keeler, Charles Augustus, litterateur, author, poet, was born 
 Oct. 7, 1871, in Milwaukee, Wis. He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of Milwaukee and New York City; at the 
 high school of Berkeley, Cal. ; and took a special course in the 
 university of California. In 1893 he made a voyage around Cape 
 Horn ; in 1899 was with the Harriman expedition to Alaska ; and 
 in 1901 made a voyage to the South Seas. He is director of the 
 museum of the California academy of sciences ; and a member of 
 the philosophical union. He is the author of Evolution of the 
 Colors of North American Land Birds; The Light Through the 
 Storm, a volume of poems; The Simple Home; The Triumph of 
 Light ; San Francisco Through Earthquake and Fire ; and numer- 
 ous other works. 
 
 Keen, Gregory Bernard, clergyman, librarian, author, was 
 born March 3, 1844, in West Philadelphia, Pa. In 1871 he was 
 appointed professor of mathematics in the theological seminary 
 of St. Charles Borromeo at Overbrook, Pa. In 1873-76 he devoted 
 himself to the study of Greek literature. In 1887-97 he was li- 
 brarian of the university of Pennsylvania. Since 1903 he has been 
 curator of the Historical society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Keifer, Joseph Warren, soldier, lawyer, legislator, congress- 
 man, author, was born Jan. 30, 1836, six miles west of Springfield, 
 Ohio. He attended the common district schools of his county, and 
 finished his education at Antioch college. He served in the union 
 army ; and became major-general of United States volunteers. In 
 1868-69 he served as a member of the Ohio state senate; and was 
 delegate at large from Ohio to the republican national convention. 
 In 1877-85 and 1905-11 he was a representative from Ohio to the 
 forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, 
 sixtieth, and sixty-first congresses. Since 1873 he has been presi- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 225 
 
 dent of the Sagonda national bank of Springfield, Ohio. In 1869- 
 71 he was department commander of Ohio Grand army of the re- 
 public ; and Ohio commander-in-chief in 1872. During the Span- 
 ish-American war he was major-general in command of the first 
 division seventh corps volunteer army. He is the author of Sla- 
 very and Four Years War. 
 
 Kelley, Henry Smith, lawyer, jurist, author, was born Dec. 18, 
 1832, near Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1853 he was admitted to the bar ; 
 was elected prosecuting attorney in 1854 for the district com- 
 posed of the counties of Blackford, Delaware and Grant, Indiana. 
 After serving two years he was elected judge of the court of 
 common pleas in the same district; and served four years. In 
 1862 he moved to Vermillion, Dakota territory ; was elected audi- 
 tor of the territory ; but returned to Marion, Ind. He there ed- 
 ited the Grant County Union, practiced law, participated in poli- 
 tics as a republican ; and has since filled similar positions in vari- 
 ous cities. In 1866 he located at Savannah, Mo., and engaged in 
 the practice of law. In 1872 he was elected circuit judge ; receiv- 
 ing the re-election in 1874 and in 1880. He was a candidate for 
 congress in 1884. He was special lecturer on Criminal Law and 
 Practice, and on Pleading and Practice in civil cases in the Mis- 
 souri university from 1873 to 1889 ; and has lectured extensively 
 on medical jurisprudence at the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons of St. Joseph, Mo.; and before other medical bodies. He 
 is the author of Kelley 's Treatise for Justices, Constables and At- 
 torneys, a book of eleven hundred pages, which has passed 
 through several editions; Kelley 's Probate Guide; Kelley 's Crim- 
 inal Law and Practice ; standard law works. He is now practic- 
 ing law in St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 Kelley, Lilla Elizabeth, elocutionist, author, was born May 18, 
 1872, in Boston, Mass. She has been a teacher of elocution in 
 Tilton seminary of New Hampshire ; and a teacher of elocution in 
 the Wesley an academy at Wilbraham, Mass. She is a public 
 reader ; and a contributor of stories and poems to magazines. She 
 is a charter member and president of the Boston Ruskin club. She 
 is the author of Three Hundred Things That A Bright Girl Can 
 
 Do. 
 
 Kelley, Samuel Harlan, lawyer, statesman, was born March 27, 
 1861, in Marion, Ind. He attended the university of Missouri; 
 and in 1884 graduated from the law school of the Columbian, 
 now the George Washington university of Washington, D.C. In 
 1882-85 he was adjudicator of claims in the United States treas- 
 ury; and in 1885-86 was chief clerk in the United States land 
 office at Wakeeney, Kan. In 1887 he was editor of the Scott City 
 News of Kansas. He is a successful lawyer; has been attorney 
 
226 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and general solicitor of several railroad companies ; and in 1905- 
 08 was a representative in the Michigan state legislature from 
 Benton Harbor. He is secretary of the Michigan railroad com- 
 mission; and president of the Republican state league of Mich- 
 igan. 
 
 Kellogg, Charles Day, founder and secretary of the Women's 
 hotel company, was born June 4, 1828, in Troy, N. Y. In 1850 he 
 began commercial business in Boston, Mass.; and in 1861 was ap- 
 pointed quartermaster-general storekeeper, and had charge of 
 equipping the first twenty-seven regiments sent by Massachusetts 
 to the front. In 1865-78 he was in business in New York City; 
 in 1878-82 was general secretary of the Philadelphia society for 
 organizing charity; and in 1882-96 was general secretary of the 
 Charity organization society of New York City. In 1900 he orig- 
 inated the Women's Hotel company; and the first hotel, the Hotel 
 Martha Washington, was opened in 1903 in New York City. 
 
 Kelly, John F., electrical engineer, inventor, was born March 
 28, 1859, in Ireland. He is president of the Telelectric and Cokel 
 companies of Pittsfield, Mass. He has received over eighty United 
 States patents for the utilization of electricity, covering appar- 
 atus for generating, transmitting, distributing and measuring 
 electricity. 
 
 Kelly, William, business president, scientist, was born April 17, 
 1854, in New York City. In 1874 he graduated from Yale college 
 with the degree of B.A. ; and in 1877 graduated from Columbia 
 college with the degree of E.M. In 1878 he was chemist of the 
 Himrod furnace company of Youngstown, Ohio. In 1881-85 and 
 in 1886-89 was superintendent of the Kemble coal and iron com- 
 pany of Riddlesburg, Pa. ; and in 1885 became superintendent of 
 the Glamorgan iron company of Lewistown, Pa. He is general 
 manager of the Penn iron mining company; manager of the Re- 
 public iron company ; treasurer of the Penn store company ; and a 
 director of the Commercial bank of Iron Mountain, Mich. 
 
 Kelso, James V., soldier, lawyer, was born April 16, 1835, in 
 Madison, Ind. He received the rudiments of his education in the 
 common and high schools of his native county ; attended the New 
 Albany university, and the Asbury university. He served three 
 years as a union soldier during the civil war, and participated in 
 the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge. 
 For eight years he was city attorney of New Albany, Ind. ; for ten 
 years was county attorney of Floyd county ; and for three years 
 was trustee of the New Albany city schools. 
 
 Kenan, Thomas S., clerk state supreme court of North Caro- 
 lina. He is clerk of the state supreme court of North Carolina ; 
 and resides in Raleigh, N. C. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 227 
 
 Kendall, Frederick Augustus, soldier, was born Aug. 28, 1838, 
 in Concord, N.H. He attended Dartmouth and Bowdoin colleges. 
 In 1861 he enlisted in company B, eleventh regiment Indiana vol- 
 unteer infantry, and during several transfers was rapidly ad- 
 vanced until he became captain. In 1866 he entered the regular 
 service ; was on frontier service in Texas until 1874 ; when he was 
 in recruiting service at Cleveland. He was professor of military 
 science and tactics at the Brooks' Military academy until 1879, 
 when he returned to Texas for duty, until retired from active ser- 
 vice in 1884. In 1889-96 he was president of the Cleveland Life 
 Underwriters' association. In 1896 he was elected junior vice- 
 commander of the Ohio commandery of the Military Order of the 
 Loyal Legion ; and his wife is also regent of the Cleveland chap- 
 ter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1897-1901 
 was president and member of Board of Education of Cleveland, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Kendall, Joseph M., lawyer, congressman, was born May 12, 
 1863, in West Liberty, Ky. He attended the State college of 
 Kentucky ; and the university of Michigan. He was admitted to 
 the practice of law before he was of age. In 1885-89 he was clerk 
 in the forty-ninth and fiftieth congresses. In 1891-93 he was a 
 representative from Kentucky to the fifty-second congress to fill 
 a vacancy caused by the death of his father, John W. Kendall. 
 He received the certificate of election to the fifty-fourth congress 
 but his seat was successfully contested. He is a successful lawyer 
 of Prestonburg, Ky., and has taken an active part in the public 
 affairs of his city, county and state. His father was a noted con- 
 federate cavalry officer, jurist and congressman. 
 
 Kennedy, John Lauderdale, lawyer, banker, congressman, was 
 born Oct. 27, 1854, in Scotland. For several years farmed in 
 La Salle county, 111. He attended Knox college at Galesburg, 111., 
 where he received the degree of A.M.; and in 1882 graduated 
 from the law department of the state university of Iowa ; and re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.B. In 1888-1907 he practiced law in 
 Omaha, Neb. ; and in 1900 was one of the republican presidential 
 electors. In 1905-07 he was a representative from Nebraska to 
 the fifty-seventh congress as a republican. 
 
 Kennedy, John Pendleton, state librarian of Virginia, was 
 born in 1871 in Charles Town, W.Va. He was educated in the 
 private and collegiate schools of his native state ; and is a libra- 
 rian by profession. In 1898-1904 he was assistant librarian in the 
 library of congress at Washington, D.C. He is editor of Journals 
 of the House of Burgesses of Virginia ; and other works. In 1905- 
 06 he was president of the national association of state libraries. 
 
228 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Since 1903 he has been state librarian of Virginia for an indefinite 
 term and resides in Richmond, Va. 
 
 Kennon, Lyman W. V., major United States army, was born 
 Sept. 2, 1858 in Providence, R.I. He was educated at the United 
 States military academy of West Point, N.Y. He was adjutant- 
 general during the American occupation of Cuba; and colonel in 
 the thirty-fourth infantry United States volunteers, and com- 
 mander of the third brigade of the first division in the eighth 
 army corps, during the Philippine insurrection. Since 1902 he 
 has held the rank of major in the United States army ; and is now 
 stationed at Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
 
 Kenny, William John, clergyman, bishop, was born Oct. 9, 
 1853, in Delhi, N.Y. He was educated in the public schools of 
 Scranton, Pa. ; became a printer and manager of the Scranton 
 Daily Times; and then entered St. Bonaventure 's college of Alle- 
 gany, N.Y. In 1879-1880 he filled a pastorate in Jackson, Fla. ; 
 and in 1880-84 was in charge at the Palatka and southern missions 
 of Florida. In 1884-1902 was pastor of the church of the immacu- 
 late conception of Jacksonville, Fla. ; and since 1902 has been 
 bishop of the diocese of St. Augustine. In 1888 he was a mem- 
 ber of the relief committee during the yellow fever epidemic. 
 
 Kent, Charles W., educator, author, was born Sept. 27, 1860, 
 in Virginia. Since 1893 he has been professor lettres at Linden 
 Kent Memorial School of English literature in the University of 
 Virginia. He is the author of Teutonic Antiquities in Andreas 
 and Elene ; Shakespears Note Book ; and Editor of Library of 
 Southern Literature, etc. 
 
 Kern, Frederick J., mayor of Belleville, 111., was born Sept. 2, 
 1864, in Millstadt, 111. For many years he was editor of the Belle- 
 ville Daily and semi-weekly News-Democrat ; and has been editor 
 of the East St. Louis Gazette. He has been chief enrolling and 
 engrossing clerk in the Illinois state senate: and in 1904 was a 
 delegate to the democratic national convention. In 1901-03 he 
 was a member of congress from Illinois as a democrat. Since 
 1903 he has been mayor of the city of Belleville and is now serv- 
 ing his second term of 1903-07 ; and resides in Belleville, 111. 
 
 Kerr, Mark Brickell, mining engineer of California, was born 
 June 28, 1860, in St. Michaels, Md. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Washington, D.C. ; and received a special education 
 as civil engineer under private tutors. In 1886 he made the ascent 
 of Mount Shasta; and was geographer of the expedition sent out 
 in 1890 by the United States geological survey and the National 
 geographical society. He is a successful consulting mining engi- 
 neer of San Francisco, Cal. ; and a member of the Philosophical, 
 Anthropological and National geographical societies of Wash- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 229 
 
 ington. He is the author of A Journey in Ecuador and various 
 other geographical articles in current publications. 
 
 Kerr, William Jasper, educator, college president, was born 
 Nov. 17, 1863, in Richmond, Utah. He received his education at 
 the university of Utah, and at the Cornell university; subse- 
 quently receiving the degrees of B.S., B.D. and D.Sc. During 
 1887-90 he was instructor in science in the Brigham Young col- 
 lege ; in 1892-91 filled the chair of mathematics in the university 
 of Utah; in 1894-1900 was president of the Brigham Young col- 
 lege of Logan, Utah; and since 1900 has been president of the 
 Agricultural college of Utah. In 1887 and in 1895 he was a dele- 
 gate to Utah state constitutional convention. In 1896-97 he was 
 president of the Utah State Teachers' association, is president of 
 the Utah mathematical society ; for many years has been promi- 
 nently identified with the educational development of Utah; and 
 has contributed extensively to periodical literature on educa- 
 tional and kindred topics. 
 
 Ketchum, Alexander P., soldier, lawyer, was born May 11, 
 1839, in New Haven, Conn. In his infancy his parents settled in 
 New York city, which has ever since been his home. His father 
 was a prominent lawyer, and for a number of years city registrar 
 in bankruptcy of the United States. In 1860 he graduated from 
 the Albany Law school, and at once began the practice of his 
 profession. During the civil war he served as lieutenant in com- 
 pany H, fifty-sixth regiment New York volunteer infantry ; and 
 was subsequently commissioned captain in the one hundred and 
 twenty-eighth regiment ; resigning from the army in 1867 with the 
 rank of brevet colonel. He has served as assessor of internal rev- 
 enue ; collector of internal revenue; and general and chief ap- 
 praiser for the port of New York. 
 
 Kibbey, Joseph H., lawyer, governor, was born March 4, 1853, 
 in Centreville, Ind. He received a thorough education ; and soon 
 attained success at the bar. He has been a member of the terri- 
 torial legislative council ; attorney-general of Arizona ; and asso- 
 ciate-justice of the supreme court of Arizona. In 1905-07 he was 
 governor of the territory of Arizona ; and resides in Phoenix, Ariz. 
 Kilbourne, James, soldier, lawyer, manufacturer, was born Oct. 
 9, 1841, in Columbus, Ohio. He served with distinction during 
 the civil war and attained the rank of. colonel. He founded the 
 Kilbourne and Jacobs manufacturing company of Columbus, Ohio, 
 of which he is president and general manager. He has been pres- 
 ident of the board of trade of Columbus; and for five years was 
 president Columbus children's hospital, of which he was one of 
 the founders. He has been a delegate to democratic conventions 
 in 1892, and in 1896 ; in 1900 was chairman of the Ohio delegation; 
 
230 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1901 was the democratic and in 1898 nominee for governor 
 of Ohio. In 1900 he was delegate at large to the democratic na- 
 tional convention at Kansas City, Mo. ; and was chairman of the 
 Ohio delegtion ; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Kindleberger, David, naval officer, was born Sept. 2, 1834, in 
 Smithville, Ohio. In 1857 he received the degree of A.B. from 
 Wittenberg college of Springfield, Ohio; in 1859 he entered the 
 United States naval service; and as assistant surgeon was ad- 
 vanced through various grades to medical director to the rank of 
 captain. In 1906 he was retired on account of the age limit; and 
 advanced to the rank of rear-admiral retired. In 1859-61 he 
 served on the African coast on the United States ship, San Ja- 
 cinto ; and participated in all the battles of Admiral Farragutt's 
 squadron in the civil war except Vicksburg. In 1887-80 he was 
 French surgeon in the Asiatic squadron ; in 1882 was on the south 
 Pacific squadron and in 1892-96 commanded the United States 
 navy hospital in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 King, John E., journalist, librarian, was born Aug. 27, 1870, 
 in Laketon, Ind. He was educated in the public schools of his 
 native state. In 1891-99 he was postmaster of Adrian, Minn.; 
 and in 1900-01 was a member of the Minnesota state board of 
 equalization. In 1904 he was a democratic candidate for secre- 
 tary of state of Minnesota. For many years he was editor of the 
 Red Lake Courier of Red Lake Falls, Minn. He is now state 
 librarian of Minnesota. 
 
 King, William A., state representative of Colorado, was born 
 in 1856 in Mercer county, Mo. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Kansas; and until 1883 was engaged in educational 
 work. Since 1888 he has been engaged in the wholesale fruit and 
 produce business in Trinidad, Col.; is grand councillor of the 
 grand lodge of Colorado United Commercial Travelers; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a repre- 
 sentative in the Colorado state legislature ; and resides in Trini- 
 dad, Col. 
 
 King, William Henry, lawyer, jurist, state legislator, congress- 
 man, was born in June, 1863, in Fillmore City, Utah. In 1882 he 
 was elected to various offices in Fillmore City and Millard county. 
 He was elected a member of the Utah legislature in 1885, and re- 
 elected two years later. In 1891 he was elected to the territorial 
 legislature, and was selected as president of the council or upper 
 house. He was also elected county attorney of Utah county, and 
 served in that capacity for four years ; was city attorney of Provo 
 City for a number of years ; and in 1894 was appointed associate 
 justice of the supreme court of Utah. He was elected to the fifty- 
 fifth congress as a democrat. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 231 
 
 Kingman, Lewis, civil engineer, railroad builder, was born 
 Feb. 26, 1845, in Bridgewater, Mass. In 1862 he commenced en- 
 gineering work in Boston, Mass. In 1864 became engaged in rail- 
 way and coal mining and other engineering enterprises in Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1868-71 he was division engineer on the Atlantic 
 and Pacific railway of Missouri ; and in 1871-72 engaged in locat- 
 ing a line from Kit Carson, Col., to Cimarron, N.M. In 1873-76 
 he was a contractor under the United States surveyor-general of 
 New Mexico ; and in 1877-80 was locating engineer of the Atchi- 
 son, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad. In 1881 he was locating en- 
 gineer of the Atlantic and Pacific railway; and in 1882-83 was 
 chief engineer of that railroad. In 1883-84 he was chief engineer 
 of the Mexican Central railway, northern division ; and in 1884-88 
 was assistant chief engineer of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 Fe railway. In 1889-94 he was city engineer of Topeka, Kan. In 
 1905-09 he was chief engineer of the Mexican Central railway ; 
 and since 1909 has been assistant chief engineer of the merged 
 lines of the Mexican national railways. 
 
 Kirbye, J. Edward, educator, clergyman, college president, 
 was born Dec. 23, 1873, in Eureka, Mich. In 1900-05 he was pres- 
 ident of the Atlanta theological seminary; and in 1905-07 was 
 president of the Drury college at Springfield, Mo. Since 1908 he 
 has filled a pastorate at Medina, Ohio. 
 
 Kittredge, Alfred Beard, United States senator from South 
 Dakota, was born March 28, 1861, in Cheshire county, N.H. He 
 graduated from Yale college in 1882 ; and from the law school of 
 that institution in 1885. In 1901-03 he was a member of the 
 United States senate to fill a vacancy. He was elected to the 
 United States senate for the term of 1903-09; and resides in 
 Sioux Falls, S.D. 
 
 Knapp, Charles Junius, banker, state legislator, congressman, 
 was born June 30, 1845, in Pepacton, N.Y. He was educated at 
 Hamilton college. For many years he was president of the De- 
 posit national bank of Deposit, N.Y. He has been president of 
 the board of education ; was elected supervisor in 1885 and 1887 ; 
 and served as member of the New York state legislature in 1886 
 and 1888. He was elected to the fifty-first congress as a republi- 
 can. In 1890 he organized the Binghamton trust company, be- 
 came its first president, and still holds that position. He has al- 
 ways been prominently identified with business and public af- 
 fairs ; and resides in Binghamton, N.Y. 
 
 Knopf, S. Adolphus, physician, was born Nov. 27, 1857, in 
 Germany. He received a thorough, general and medical educa- 
 tion in this country and abroad; and has attained success as a 
 noted consulting physician of New York city. He is Professor 
 
4* PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Phthisiotherapy at the New York Postgraduate Medical school, 
 senior physician of the Riverside Hospital-Sanatorium for con- 
 sumptives of New York City ; a director in the national associa- 
 tion for the study and prevention of tuberculosis ; and associate- 
 director of the health department's clinics for pulmonary dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Kolle, Frederick Strange, physician, therapeutist, author, was 
 born Nov. 22, 1871, in Hanover, Germany. Since 1894 he has 
 practiced his profession in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; and in 1896-1900 was 
 chief instructor in the department of electro-therapeutics in the 
 Electro engineering institute of New York. He is the inventor of 
 the Kolle focus tube and various X-ray appliances. He is the au- 
 thor of the recent Roentgen Discovery ; The X-ray, their Produc- 
 tion and Application ; Medico-Surgical Radiography ; Pen Lyrics ; 
 and various novels and scientific Monographs. 
 
 Koontz, William H., lawyer, congressman, was born July 15, 
 1830, in Somerset, Pa. In 1853 he was elected district attorney 
 of Somerset county, Pa.; and in 1860 was elected prothonotary 
 and clerk of the courts of that county. In 1860 he was a delegate 
 to the national convention at Chicago, 111., which nominated Abra- 
 ham Lincoln, and he was one of the first two delegates from 
 Pennsylvania who cast their vote for him. In 1865-69 he was a 
 representative from Pennsylvania to the thirty-ninth and fortieth 
 congresses as a republican. He was a member of the house of rep- 
 resentatives when the bill was before the house to pay seven mil- 
 lion dollars for Alaska, and he voted for its purchase. In 1900-04 
 he was a member of the Pennsylvania house of representatives. 
 
 Kopelke, Johannes, lawyer, author, was born June 14, 1854, 
 in Germany. He received a thorough education in his native coun- 
 try ; and received his legal education at the university of Michi- 
 gan. In 1876 he began the practice of law; and in 1884 was a 
 presidential elector. In 1890-94 he was a member of the Indiana 
 state senate; and in 1898 he was nominated as candidate of the 
 democratic party for judge of the appellate court, but was de- 
 feated with the rest of the ticket. He has practiced law contin- 
 uously in Crown Point, Ind. He is the author of A Summer Trip 
 to Europe. 
 
 Krider, Henry, county commissioner for Harper county, Kan- 
 sas, was born April 14, 1843, in Lancaster City, Pa. He was edu- 
 cated in the public and private schools of Pennsylvania. He is a 
 successful farmer and stock raiser of Anthony, Kan. ; and promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of his com- 
 munity. He has been county treasurer; and held various other 
 positions of trust and honor. He is now county commissioner for 
 Harper county ; and resides in Anthony, Kan. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 233 
 
 Kroeger, Ernest Richard, musician, composer, was born Aug. 
 10, 1862, in St. Louis, Mo. He has been conductor of chorus choir 
 in several of the large churches of St. Louis. He is the author of 
 many compositions, among which are A Symphony for Orchestra ; 
 Five Symphonic Overtures ; and a Pianoforte Concerto. 
 
 Krumreig, Edward Ludwig, clergyman, author, was born 
 Nov. 28, 1861, in Germany. In 1884 he graduated from the Nau- 
 tical college of New Orleans, La. ; in 1896 graduated from the 
 Gordon school of the Newton theological institution of Boston, 
 Mass. ; in 1901 graduated from the Christian university of Can- 
 ton, Mo., with the degree of M.A.Lit. ; in 1902 studied theology at 
 Harvard college ; and has received the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. 
 and D.D. from the Potomac university of Washington, D.C. ; and 
 D.D. from the Capital university. In 1895 he was licensed to 
 preach ; and in 1898 was ordained to the baptist ministry. In 
 1897-1900 he filled a pastorate at Whiteface, N.H. ; in 1900-03 at 
 Acton and Shapleigh, Maine ; in 1903-07 at East Machias, Maine ; 
 and since 1907 at Somerset, Mass. Since 1904 he has been dean 
 of theology in the extension department of Potomac university. 
 He is the author of History of the Baptist church in Shapleigh, 
 Maine ; and The Shadowing Wing. 
 
 Kulp, John Stewart, army officer, founder, author, was born 
 March 8, 1866, in Wilkesbarre, Pa. He was educated at Yale 
 university, the university of Pennsylvania, and at the university 
 of Berlin ; and has received the degrees of M.D. and Ph.D. Dur- 
 ing the Spanish-American war he organized and commanded a 
 company of instruction at Manila, P.I. ; organized hospital three 
 at Manila, P.I. ; and also commanded the ambulance ocmpany of 
 the first division, third army corps. He also organized and com- 
 manded company B, hospital corps, United States army, under 
 the rank of captain. He is a member of the leading patriotic so- 
 cieties; a member of the association of military surgeons; and 
 has filled various positions of trust and honor. He is the author 
 of a number of Monographs on medico-military subjects. 
 
 Kyle, John Johnson, educator, soldier, physician, author, was 
 born May 27, 1869, in Aurora, Ind. In 1890 he graduated from 
 the Miami medical college of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the degree of 
 M.D. In 1892 he began the practice of medicine at Marion, Ind. 
 In 1898 he became major and surgeon in the one hundred and 
 sixtieth regiment Indiana volunteer infantry in the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war. In 1898-99 he served in the United States and in Cuba ; 
 was in the first brigade of the second division of the first army 
 corps, and for four months was acting brigade surgeon. In 1899 
 he located in Indianapolis, Ind., in the practice of medicine, mak- 
 ing a specialty of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. Since 
 
234 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1900 has been professor of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and 
 throat at the Indiana university school of medicine. He is staff 
 surgeon to the City hospital and to St. Vincent's hospital. He 
 was appointd a member of the medical reserve corps of the United 
 States army with the rank of first lieutenant. He is the author of 
 Compend of Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat; and Manual 
 of Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat. 
 
 Ladd, Edwin Fremont, educator, chemist, author, was born 
 Dec. 13, 1859, in Starks, Maine. He was educated in the public 
 schools ; and graduated from the university of Maine. In 1884-87 
 he was assistant chemist ; and in 1887-90 was chief chemist to the 
 New York experiment station. Since 1890 he has been professor 
 of chemistry at the North Dakota agricultural college; chief 
 chemist of the agricultural experiment station of North Dakota; 
 and state chemist. He is the editor of the North Dakota Farmer : 
 and food commissioner for North Dakota. He is a fellow of the 
 American association for the advancement of science ; and a mem- 
 ber of other societies. He is the author of Manual of Analysis ; 
 and bulletins and reports of the New York and North Dakota ex- 
 periment stations. 
 
 Ladd, Horatio Oliver, educator, clergyman, founder, college 
 president, was born Aug. 31, 1839, in Hallowell, Maine. In 1862 
 he graduated from Bowdoin college with the degree of A.M.; in 
 1863 graduated from the Yale theological school; and received 
 the degree of S.T.D. from Hobart college. In 1859-61 he was 
 principal of Farmingham college of Maine. In 1868-70 was pro- 
 fessor of rhetoric and oratory at Olivet college; and in 1873-76 
 was principal of the New Hampshire state normal school. He 
 founded and in 1881-89 was president of the university of New 
 Mexico. He also founded the Ramona Indian school and the 
 United States Indian school of Santa Fe, N.M. In 1889-90 he was 
 supervisor of census of New Mexico. He has filled pastorates in 
 congregational churches of Olivet and Romeo, Mich. ; and Hop- 
 kinton, Mass. He entered the episcopal ministry; and in 1891 
 was ordained deacon and priest. In 1891-96 was rector of trinity 
 church at Fishkill, N.Y. ; and since 1896 has been rector of grace 
 church at Jamaica, N.Y. He is the author of Memorial of John 
 S.C. Abbott ; The War with Mexico ; Ramona Days ; The Story 
 of New Mexico ; The Founding of the Baptist Church in Duchess 
 County, N.Y. ; and Chunda, a Story of the Navajos. 
 
 Langdale, Thomas Guy, clergyman, theologian, was born Oct. 
 28, 1866, in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1888 he received the degree of 
 A.B. from the university of Cincinnati ; and in 1891 the degree of 
 B.D. from the Chicago Theological seminary. He has filled pas- 
 torates in South Dakota ; and since 1896 has filled a pastorate in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 235 
 
 DeSmet. In 1893-94 he was secretary of the South Dakota Chris- 
 tian Endeavor union ; and since 1895 has been its president. 
 
 Langley, John Wesley, lawyer, congressman, was born Jan. 
 14, 1863, in Floyd county, Ky. He taught in the common schools 
 for three years ; for eight years attended the law departments of 
 the National, Georgetown and Columbian universities; and re- 
 ceived the degrees of A.B., LL.M. and D.C.S. He was a clerk in 
 the United States pension office; was a member of the board of 
 pension appeals; and was appointment and disbursing clerk of 
 the census office. He served two terms in the Kentucky legisla- 
 ture ; and was the minority nominee for speaker of the house. He 
 was twice a delegate from Kentucky to the republican national 
 convention. In 1907-11 he was a representative from Kentucky to 
 the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican. 
 
 Larimore, Newel Greene, farmer, banker, statesman, was born 
 Aug. 29, 1835, in Bourbon county, Ky. In 1849-53 he attended 
 Wyman's academy of St. Louis, Mo.; in 1853-54 attended the 
 German college of Herman, Mo.; and in 1854-55 attended the 
 Jones commercial college of St. Louis, Mo. In 1878-82 he was a 
 member of the upper house of St. Louis city council. In 1889 he 
 was president of the board of regents of the state university of 
 North Dakota ; in 1890-96 was regent of the AVahpeton methodist 
 university ; and since 1895 has been a trustee of Wesley college. In 
 1893 he refused the nomination for governor of North Dakota. In 
 1865-83 he was president of the St. Louis warehouse company; 
 in 1869-74 was president of the Iron mountain bank ; and in 1873- 
 86 was president of the Central Lafayette company. Since 1881 
 he has been vice-president and since 1888 also general manager 
 of the Elk Valley farming company, operating fifteen thousand 
 acres. In 1905 he was vice-president of the Trans-Mississippi 
 commercial congress ; since 1903 he has been vice-president of the 
 national irrigation congress; and since 1900 has been president 
 of the North Dakota Chautauqua association. 
 
 Larned, Charles William, soldier, educator, philologist, was 
 born March 9, 1850, in New York city. In 1870 he graduated from 
 the United States Military academy of West Point. He has been 
 first and second lieutenant of the seventh New York cavalry, and 
 served on frontier in Kansas; then on reconstruction service in 
 Kentucky and Tennessee. In 1873 he was in the Dakota expedi- 
 tion against Sitting Bull, under Stanley and Custer, and was in 
 the fight at the mouth of the Big Horn. Since 1876 he has been 
 professor of topographical and mechanical drawing in the United 
 States Military academy. He is the author of the Great Dis- 
 course. 
 
236 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Larson, Lars M., educator, philanthropist, was born Aug. 20, 
 1856, near Springfield, Wis. He received his education in the 
 Wisconsin schools for the deaf of Delavan, Wis. ; and at the Na- 
 tional college for the deaf of Washington, D.C. He is the organ- 
 izer and founder of the New Mexico school for the deaf and blind 
 of Santa Fe. In 1887 this institution was incorporated by act of 
 legislature, and placed on an equal footing with similar schools 
 in the United States. It was then placed under the management 
 of a committee of three officers of the territory, and Mr. Larson 
 was made superintendent and instructor. This school is the first 
 public institution of learning to become the property of New 
 Mexico; and is now on a sound financial basis; and resides in 
 Santa Fe, N.M. 
 
 Latchaw, John Roland Harris, clergyman, educator, lecturer, 
 college president, author, was born Sept. 7, 1851, in Venango 
 county, Pa. He received his preparatory education at the Wilton 
 collegiate institute; and attended Hillsdale college and the Chi- 
 cago university. In 1881-84 he was principal of Barkeyville acad- 
 emy ; and in 1884-93 was president of Findlay college of Ohio. In 
 1893-95 he was pastor of the first baptist church of Zanesville, 
 Ohio ; and in 1895-96 was pastor of the Bethel baptist church of 
 Chicago, while attending the Chicago university. In 1896-1903 
 he was president of the Defiance college of Ohio; and was also 
 pastor of the Christian assembly. In 1903-04 he was president of 
 the Palmer university of Muncie, Ind. ; and is the founder of Wil- 
 ton college of Iowa, of which he is president. He is the author of 
 Outline Lectures in Theology ; Theory and Art of Teaching ; and 
 Outlines of Psychology : its Method and Matter. 
 
 Latrobe, Ferdinand Claiborne, member board of park commis- 
 sioners of Baltimore, Md., was born Oct. 14, 1833, in Baltimore, 
 Md. He received a liberal education in the public schools, and at 
 St. James college of Washington county, Md. He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1860 ; was elected to the Maryland state legislature in 
 1867, and was speaker during 1870-72; was again elected to the 
 legislature in 1890, and was speaker in the extra session of 1891. 
 In 1860 he was appointed judge advocate-general, and assisted in 
 reorganizing the Maryland militia, under the act of 1868, of which 
 he was the author. In 1875 he was elected mayor of Baltimore, 
 and filled that important office for seven terms — fourteen years 
 in all. He is president of the board of state aid and charities of 
 Maryland. He is a member of the board of park comimssioners 
 for the city of Baltimore, and resides in Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Lattimore, John Compere, educator, was born March 25, 1862, 
 in Marion, Ala. In 1886 he graduated from the National normal 
 college; was a student at the Chicago university; and in 1895 
 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 237 
 
 graduated from Baylor university with the degree of M.S. In 
 1887-90 he was superintendent of the schools of Palls county, 
 Texas and in 1890-92 was principal of the preparatory school. In 
 1892-97 he was professor of mathematics, philosophy and ped- 
 agogy ; and in 1897-99 was chairman of the faculty of Baylor uni- 
 versity. Since 1899 he has been superintendent of the city schools 
 of Waco, Texas. In 1899 he was president of the Texas state 
 teachers' association; and in 1900-05 was a member of the Texas 
 state board of examiners. 
 
 Laughlin, Lemuel L., member prohibition national committee 
 for Wyoming, was born Dec. 16, 1859, in Rock Lick, Va. He 
 was educated in the public schools; and in 1884 graduated from 
 the Lincoln university of Illinois. He organized and is the gen- 
 eral manager of the Toltec Live Stock company, of Toltec, Wyo., 
 which is capitalized at two hundred thousand dollars. He served 
 one term on the board of school directors of Albany county, Wyo. ; 
 was the first nominee in 1904 of the prohibition party for position 
 of representing the state of Wyoming in the United States con- 
 gress; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. 
 He became a member of the prohibition national committee and 
 also state chairman of the prohibition party, and resides in Toltec, 
 Wyo. 
 
 Lauterbach, Edward, lawyer, was born Aug. 12, 1844, in New 
 York city. In 1864 he graduated from the College of the City of 
 New York, and has attained prominence as one of the foremost 
 lawyers of his native city. He was instrumental in procuring 
 legislation necessary to secure the removal of the telegraph poles, 
 and the construction of sub- ways in the city of New York ; and 
 was at one time president of the company having in charge these 
 important improvements. When the affairs of the Brooklyn ele- 
 vated railroad company were in such an apparently hopeless 
 condition that the enterprise was almost abandoned, Mr. Lauter- 
 bach stepped in as a reorganizer, and by his skillful direction 
 placed it on a successful basis. 
 
 Lawless, Joseph Thomas, lawyer, legislator, was born May 2, 
 1866, in Portsmouth, Va. He received his education at the Web- 
 ster Military institute of Norfolk, Va. ; graduated with the degree 
 of M.A. from St. Mary's college of Belmont, N.C. ; and with the 
 degree of B.L. from Richmond college, Va. He is a prominent 
 lawyer of his native city ; was journal clerk in the house of dele- 
 gates of Virginia in 1883-89 ; and was trustee of the public schools 
 of Portsmouth. In 1889 he was elected to the state senate of Vir- 
 ginia, and served with distinction for four years. In 1893 he was 
 elected secretary of the commonwealth, receiving the re-election 
 without opposition in 1895, again in 1897, and again in 1899. 
 
238 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Lawrence, David Henry, judge Lake county probate court, was 
 born July 18, 1877, in Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada. He grad- 
 uated from the university of Michigan ; and soon attained success 
 in the practice of law in Minnesota. He is judge of the probate 
 court for Lake county ; and resides in Two Harbors, Minn. 
 
 Lawrence, Egbert Charles, educator, clergyman, author, was 
 born June 25, 1845, in Borodino, N.Y. In 1869 he graduated with 
 honors from the Union college ; graduated from Princeton and 
 from Auburn theological seminaries; took a physical science 
 course at the Syracuse university; and has received the degree 
 Ph.D. In 1875 he was ordained to the presbyterian ministry; and 
 in 1897-1902 was corresponding secretary of the Long Island bible 
 society. In 1870 he began educational work ; and in 1878-82 was 
 instructor in latin and mathematics and adjunct professor of his- 
 tory n Union college. He is an eminent pastor-at-large ; treasurer 
 of the humane society at Schenectady, N.Y. ; and a life director 
 of the American bible society. He is the author of Historical 
 Recreations; assisted in the preparation of the Thomson series 
 of textbooks on mathematics; and is a constant contributor to 
 church and educational journals. 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel Crocker, soldier, banker, merchant, rail- 
 road president, was born Nov. 22, 1832, in Medford, Mass. He 
 studied at Lawrence academy of Groton; and in 1858 graduated 
 with the degree of A.M. from Harvard university. In 1856-57 he 
 was engaged in the banking business in Chicago, 111. In 1858-67 
 he was in business with his father and brother in the firm of Dan- 
 iel Lawrence and Sons, Medford, Mass., and since 1807 has been 
 sole proprietor of that business. In 1875-84 he was president of 
 the Eastern railroad company ; since 1884 has been a director and 
 member of the executive committee of the Maine Central railroad. 
 In 1855-64 he was a member of the Massachusetts volunteer mili- 
 tia; in 1860 was colonel of the fifth Massachusetts; was wounded 
 at the first Bull Run ; and in 1861-64 was brigadier-general of the 
 Massachusetts militia. In 1869 he was commander of the Ancient 
 and Honorable Artillery company. In 1892-94 he served as the 
 first mayor of Medford, Mass. In 1880-83 he was grand master 
 of Masons of Massahcusetts ; and in 1894-95 was grand comman- 
 der of Knights Templar of Massachusetts and Rhode Island ; and 
 resides in Medford, Mass. 
 
 Lawson, Victor Fremont, journalist, publisher, was born Sept. 
 9, 1850, in Chicago, 111. He was educated at Phillips academy of 
 Andover, Mass. He tok charge of an interest of his father's es- 
 tate in a printing establishment ; bought the Chicago Daily News 
 in 1876 ; and with his later partner, Melville E. Stone, developed 
 it to success. In 1881 he started a morning edition ; and in 1888 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 239 
 
 became its sole proprietor. He has been president of the associa- 
 ted press. He established the Daily News fresh air fund ; and has 
 been active in other philanthropic work. 
 
 Lawson, John Davison, lawyer, jurist, author, was born March 
 29, 1852, in Canada. He graduated from Hamilton college and 
 Trinity college ; and has received the degrees of B.C.L. and LL.D. 
 In 1876-81 he was editor of the Central Law Journal. In 1890-05 
 he was judge of the civil court; and is professor of common and 
 international law and dean of the law department of the univer- 
 sity of Missouri. He is the author of The Power of Usage and 
 Custom; Concordance of Words and Phrases; Leading Cases Sim- 
 plified, in three volumes; Presumptive Evidence; Insanity as a 
 Defense ; Defenses to Crime, in five volumes ; and numerous other 
 works. 
 
 Leach, Antoinette Dakin, educator, lawyer, was born April 3, 
 1859, in Indianapolis, Ind. During 1875-79 she was a teacher in 
 the public schools of her native state ; and during 1887-93 was a 
 court reporter and teacher of stenography. By decision of the 
 supreme court of Indiana she was granted permission to practice 
 law in 1893 ; and she has since attained success in her chosen pro- 
 fession in Sullivan, Ind. In 1896 she was a delegate to the demo- 
 cratic state convention; and was the first woman delegate who 
 ever attended and voted in a state convention in Indiana ; as she 
 also was the first woman ever admitted to the bar in her state. 
 She is the wife of George W. Leach, a successful farmer and stock 
 breeder. 
 
 Leake, Frank, manufacturer, author, was born Dec. 15, 1856, 
 in Camden, N.J. In 1882-88 he was engaged in manufacturing as 
 Frank Leake and company; and since 1888 has been president 
 of the Star and Crescent mills company, textile manufacturers of 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He is also vice-president and director of the 
 Keystone mutual insurance company ; and a director in the Man- 
 ton mutual insurance company. He has taken an active part in 
 commercial and civic organizations; was chairman of the Manu- 
 facturers' club committee on pure water in 1899; and since 1899 
 has been chairman of the Allied water committee of Philadelphia 
 organizations. He is vice-president of the Kensington young 
 men's christian association; and has traveled in all parts of the 
 United States. He is the author of Sound Money Versus Bimet- 
 allism ; Factory Conditions in the South ; and various other Mono- 
 graphs. 
 
 Leavell, Richard Marion, soldier, educator, state legislator, 
 was born Aug. 1, 1838, in Newberry district, S.C. He was edu- 
 cated at the Cherry creek academy of Mississippi ; and at the uni- 
 versity of Mississippi, where he received the degree of A.B. In 
 
240 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1861-65 he served as a lieutenant and captain in the second regi- 
 ment Mississippi infantry of the confederate states army. In 
 1865-70 he was principal of the Male academy of Verona, Miss.; 
 and in 1882-89 was professor of English language and literature 
 at the Mississippi college of Clinton, Miss. In 1889-90 he was 
 professor of English and belles lettres; and since 1890 has been 
 professor of philosophy and political economy at the university 
 of Mississippi. In 1872-73 he was a member of the Mississippi 
 legislature. 
 
 Le Banon, John Francis Patch, civil engineer, geologist, au- 
 thor, was born Sept. 28, 1847, in Boston, Mass. He was educated 
 in the common and high schools of Ipswich, Mich. ; and at Law- 
 rence academy of Groton, Mass. In 1887 he became connected 
 with the Nicaragua canal ; became chief field engineer and after- 
 ward was a commissioner of the Nicaragua canal. He has been 
 chief engineer of over twenty-five railways, waterworks and 
 other constructions. He discovered the immense phosphate of 
 lime deposits in Florida; and has made extensive archaeological 
 studies in Florida for the Peabody's museum of Harvard univer- 
 sity ; and for the Smithsonian institute at Washington, D.C. He 
 is the author of fifty published books. 
 
 Lee, Elmer, physician, lecturer, author, was born March 12, 
 1856, in Piqua, Ohio. In 1892 he visited Russia and Germany to 
 study cholera; and proposed a new method of treatment, which 
 was approved by Virchow and others. He served as a surgeon in 
 the Spanish-American war. He is the author of Treatise on Asi- 
 atic Cholera ; and other medical works. 
 
 Leedom, Joseph, lawyer, business man, orator, was born Aug. 
 23, 1853, in Montgomery county, Pa., on the Old Leedom home- 
 stead antedating the revolutionary war. In 1871 he graduated 
 from the Central high school of Philadelphia with the degree of 
 A.B. ; and graduated from the law school of the university of 
 Pennsylvania with the degree of B.L. Since 1874 he has practiced 
 law; was admitted to the supreme court in 1876; and shortly 
 thereafter was admitted to practice in the United States courts. 
 He was chairman of the senatorial convention which first nom- 
 inated Hon. Bois Penrose as United States senator ; and made the 
 nomination speech in the controllers' convention on behalf of 
 General James S. Stewart. He is president of the Quaker City 
 national bank; vice-president of the Nelsonville coal and land 
 company; for several years was a director of the Tradesmen's 
 trust and safe deposit company; and was one of the original 
 stockholders of the Commonwealth title and insurance trust com- 
 pany. He is vice-president of the Quaker city national bank ; a 
 prominent member of the republican executive committee of his 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 241 
 
 ward; a prominent mason; and a member of various law, patri- 
 otic and fraternal organizations. 
 
 Leffingwell, Ernest DeKoven, educator, geologist, explorer, 
 was born Jan. 13, 1875, in Knoxville, 111. He was educated at the 
 Racine grammar school, at Trinity college and at the university 
 of Chicago ; and has received the degrees of B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. 
 In 1895-96 he was teacher of science at St. Alban's school of Knox- 
 ville, 111. ; and in 1903-04 was superintendent of that institution 
 and also professor of geology. During the Spanish-American 
 war he served as a seaman on the United States steamship Ore- 
 gon; and in 1901-02 was geodetist on the Baldwin-Ziegler polar 
 expedition. 
 
 Leggett, Francis H., merchant, was born March 27, 1840, in 
 New York city. He received an academic education, and in 1856 
 entered a produce commission house as clerk. In 1862 he and his 
 brother formed a co-partnership; the business grew so rapidlj 
 that it was not long before they were occupying three stores on 
 Reade street; and in 1880 the land was bought and the present 
 immense building was erected. The business of the house amounts 
 to nearly ten million dollars annually, and nearly five hundred 
 persons are employed in the establishment ; and the firm of Fran- 
 cis H. Leggett and Company is one of the largest wholesale gro- 
 cery houses in New York city. 
 
 Leonard, Gardner Cotrell, merchant, manufacturer, was born 
 Oct. 16, 1865, in West Springfield, Mass. In 1882 he graduated 
 from Albany academy ; and in 1887 graduated from Williams col- 
 lege with the degree of A.B. Since 1890 he has been a partner 
 with Cotrell and Leonard of Albany, N.Y. In 1888-93 he served 
 in the New York national guard; and served at Buffalo during 
 the strike of 1892. He is a director of the Mutual fire insurance 
 company ; and has been vice-president of the Albany institute and 
 historical and art society. He is the editor of Songs of Williams. 
 
 Lester, George Bacon, lawyer, was born July 12, 1872, in 
 Seneca Falls, N.Y. He graduated from the New York law school 
 with the degree of LL.B. He is a successful lawyer of New York 
 City; and director and general counsel of the Fleischmann manu- 
 facturing company and of various other corporations. He is a 
 member of the Law institute ; a member of the Association of the 
 bar of the City of New York ; and a member of various clubs and 
 societies. 
 
 Levy, Jefferson Monroe, lawyer, congressman, was born in 
 New York City. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the public schools of his native city ; and graduated from the 
 New York university. He studied law with the late Clarkson L. 
 Potter; and was associated with him in various important litiga- 
 
242 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tions. In 1899-1901 he was a representative from New York to 
 the fifty-sixth congress from New York City as a democrat. He 
 was the compiler of the New York Election Laws ; the author of 
 Reforms in the New York surrogate's office; and leader of the 
 gold democrats in the fifty-sixth congress. He was the organizer 
 of the democratic club in New York City; was the organizer of 
 the league of democratic clubs in Virginia; and is a member of 
 the New York chamber of commerce and numerous other clubs 
 and organizations. He is the owner of the home of Thomas Jef- 
 ferson at Monticello, Va. 
 
 Lewis, Isaac Ives, merchant, banker, legislator, was born Feb. 
 7, 1825, in Meriden, Conn. In 1854-71 he was a successful mer- 
 chant and real estate dealer of Minneapolis, Minn. ; and in 1871-90 
 was superintendent of mines in Montana and Idaho. In 1867-68 
 he was a member of the Minnesota house of representatives. In 
 1875-76 and 1877-78 he served as a member of the legislative coun- 
 cil of Montana at Helena. He is now a successful merchant and 
 banker at Ketchum, Idaho ; and president of the First National 
 bank of that city, which was organized in 1884. 
 
 Lewis, Robert W., government officer, was born March 10, 
 1866, in De Kalb county, Ala. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native state. In 1895-99 he was foreman of the Elk 
 Park cattle company ; and for many years was a successful stock 
 raiser. In 1903-04 he was jailer for Socorro county, N.M. ; is now 
 sergeant of the New Mexico mounted police at Socorro, N.M. 
 
 Lewis, William Eugene, editor New York Morning Telegraph, 
 was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was educated at the Painesville 
 academy of Ohio ; and at the East high school of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 In 1889-90 he practiced law in Cleveland and in Kansas City. In 
 1893-95 he was managing editor Chicago Times ; in 1898-1901 was 
 editor of the New York Morning Telegraph ; and in 1901-03 was 
 editor of the Philadelphia North American. In 1887-89 was sec- 
 retary of the board of improvements of Cleveland, Ohio. Since 
 1903 he has been editor and general manager of the New York 
 Morning Telegraph ; and resides in New York City. 
 
 Lilley, Mial E., lawyer, congressman, was born May 30, 1850, 
 in Canton, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools 
 of his native state. In 1880 he was admitted to the bar; and soon 
 attained success in the practice of his profession in Towanda, Pa. 
 In 1894-1900 he was prothonotary of Bradford county, Pa. ; and 
 in 1903-05 was assistant United States attorney for the middle 
 district of Pennsylvania. In 1905-07 he was a member of the fifty- 
 ninth congress from the fourteenth district of Pennsylvania as a 
 republican ; and served on several important committees. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 243 
 
 Lindner, John, member American institute of civics, was born 
 in 1859 in Newark, N.J. He was educated in the public schools of 
 New Jersey; and at the New Jersey business college. He ac- 
 quired a practical knowledge of shoe manufacturing; in 1882 he 
 entered the employ of Reynolds Brothers of Utica, N.Y. ; and soon 
 became manager for that firm. After being superintendent of 
 several large shoe manufacturing concerns, in 1891 he incorpor- 
 ated the Lindner Shoe company of Carlisle, Pa., which was suc- 
 cessful from the start. Since 1898 he has been president of the 
 Borough council of Carlisle, Pa. In 1903 he presented Lindner 
 Park to the city of Carlisle, wherein is planted a collection of all 
 the native and rare trees of Pennsylvania. He was one of the 
 organizers of the Carlisle board of trade ; and has been its presi- 
 dent ever since its organization. He is a member of the American 
 Institute of Civics and numerous other business and scientific 
 societies. Besides the donation of Lindner park he has contrib- 
 uted to the local institutions of learning; and has always taken 
 an active interest in the prosperity of his community. 
 
 Lindsey, Benjamin Barr, lawyer, a jurist, reformer, author, 
 was born Nov. 25, 1869, in Jackson, Tenn. Since 1900 he has 
 been judge of the county and juvenile courts of Denver, Col. He 
 founded the juvenile court; and because of some of the laws he 
 has written and active work he has done in promoting the ju- 
 venile court system in America, he has often been referred to as 
 the Father of the juvenile court. He is president of the interna- 
 tional juvenile court society; chairman of the probation commit- 
 tee of the American prison association ; an officer of the National 
 playground association ; and an international authority upon ju- 
 venile courts and juvenile delinquency. He is the author of The 
 Problem of the Children ; The Rule of the Plutocracy in Colorado ; 
 The Beast and the Jungle ; and various pamphlets upon subjects 
 dealing with the welfare of children. 
 
 Lippman, Joseph, lawyer, business president, public official, 
 was born June 19, 1858, in Mobile, Ala. In 1875 he graduated 
 with the degree of B.A. from the Philadelphia high school; and 
 in 1879 graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the law depart- 
 ment of the university of Pennsylvania. In 1890 he was territo- 
 rial librarian for Utah territory ; in 1893-91 was county recorder 
 for Salt Lake county, Utah; and in 1902-06 was United States 
 district attorney for Utah. He has attained success in the prac- 
 tice of law in Salt Lake City, Utah ; is president and director of a 
 number of mining corporations ; and has filled numerous posi- 
 tions of trust and honor. 
 
 Little, George Obadiah, educator, clergyman, author, was born 
 May 2, 1839, in Madison, Ind. In 1873-98 he was pastor of the 
 
244 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 presbyterian church of Washington, D.C. ; and since 1898 has 
 been professor at Howard university. He is the author of The 
 Royal House of Israel and Judah ; An Interwoven History ; and 
 Harmony. 
 
 Llewellyn, William H. H., soldier, lawyer, legislator, jurist, 
 was born Sept. 9, 1854, in Monroe, Wis. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the public schools ; and graduated from 
 Tabor college of Fremont county, Iowa. He soon attained success 
 in the practice of law ; and for six years was territorial prosecut- 
 ing attorney for southern New Mexico. He was a delegate to 
 the national republican convention of 1884, 1896 and 1904. He 
 has been judge-advocate-general for New Mexico, with the rank 
 of colonel. During the Spanish- American war he was captain of 
 troop G, first United States volunteer cavalry rough riders under 
 Colonel Roosevelt ; and was promoted to rank of major in the 
 same regiment. In 1899-1903 he was a member of the New Mex- 
 ico house of representatives, and its speaker for one session. He 
 is now United States district attorney for New Mexico for the 
 term of 1905-09. 
 
 Lloyd, John Uri, manufacturing pharmacist, chemist, author, 
 was born April 19, 1849, in West Bloomfield, N.Y. He has re- 
 ceived the degrees of Ph.M., Ph.D. and LL.D. Until 1887 he was 
 professor of pharmacy at the Cincinnati college of pharmacy; 
 and in 1897-1904 was professor of chemistry ; and president of the 
 Eclectic medical institute at Cincinnati, Ohio. He was an asso- 
 ciate editor of the Pharmaceutical Review and other journals. In 
 1887 he was president of the American Pharmaceutical associa- 
 tion. He is president of the Lloyd library of botany and phar- 
 macy. He is the author of Chemistry of Medicine ; Etidorhpa, or 
 The End of the Earth ; The Right Side of the Car ; Strengtown 
 on the Pike ; Red Head ; Warwick of the Knobs ; and Scroggin. 
 
 Locke, James W., judge of United States district court for 
 Florida, was born Oct. 30, 1837, in Wilmington, Vt. He received 
 a high school and academic education; and subsequently was en- 
 gaged in educational work. He then studied law and has attained 
 prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of Florida. During 
 the war he was in the naval service, and at its close settled in 
 Key West, Fla. He has been county judge ; has served as a mem- 
 ber of the Florida state senate. Since 1872 he has been judge of 
 the United States district court for the southern district of Flor- 
 ida ; and resides in Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Lockney, Henry Calvin, farmer, teacher, lawyer, was born 
 April 26, 1855, at Burnersville, W.Va. In 1875 he began teaching 
 school in Gilmer county, W.Va. ; and has ever since followed his 
 profession, having now taught more than thirty years. In 1880 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 245 
 
 he was admitted to the bar, and served as prosecuting attorney 
 for a period of ten years in Clay county ; and was elected state sen- 
 ator four years. He was many years state secretary of the Farm- 
 ers' mutual benefit association; and was national vice-president 
 of this organization for one term. He is a Freemason, an Elk, a 
 Knight and an Odd Fellow ; and has held many positions of high 
 honor in a number of secret societies. He taught school and 
 practiced law in New Mexico in 1908 and 1909 ; and served while 
 there as United States commissioner and postmaster while in that 
 territory, but resigned both of said positions in 1909 and returned 
 to his native state, where he resumed his profession as teacher in 
 the public schools of Calhoun county, W.Va. He is a successful 
 farmer and stock dealer and owns several farms near Arnolds- 
 burg, W.Va., where he now resides. 
 
 Lockwood, Belva A., lawyer, reformer, lecturer, was born Oct. 
 24, 1830, in Royalton, N.Y. By her efforts, a law was passed 
 equalizing the salaries of male and female government employees. 
 In the year 1873 she was admitted to practice before the appellate 
 court of the District of Columbia. In 1877 she applied for the 
 right to practice before the supreme court of the United States. 
 She was refused simply because she was a woman. She there- 
 upon presented to congress a bill, which was passed, authorizing 
 women to practice law in the United States courts. 
 
 Lockwood, Henry, clergyman, was born Jan. 4, 1869, in Al- 
 bany, N.Y. He was educated at Rutgers college and at the Re- 
 formed church theological seminary ; and has received the de- 
 grees of A.B. and A.M. In 1894-1901 he was pastor of the Knox 
 and second Berne churches of Albany county, N.Y. ; and since 
 3901 has been pastor of his church at East Millstone, N.J. Since 
 1907 he has been permanent clerk of the general synod of the Re- 
 formed church. He is editor of the Somerset Church News ; and 
 has contributed extensively to religious literature. 
 
 Lockwood, Virgil Homer, lawyer, lecturer, was born May 6, 
 1860, in Fort Branch, Ind. He received his education in the high 
 school at DePauw university, where he also studied law. In 1886 
 he was admitted to the bar at Detroit, Mich. ; and since 1891 has 
 practiced his profession in Indianapolis, Ind. He is a member of 
 the supreme court of the United States and of the American bar 
 association. He makes a specialty of patent and trade mark law ; 
 and has lectured on patent and trade mark law at the Indiana 
 state university ; and resides in Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Lodge, Lee Davis, educator, philosopher, author, was born 
 Nov. 24, 1865, in Montgomery county, Md. In 1885 he graduated 
 from the Columbian university with the degree of M.A. He was 
 immediately elected tutor of Greek and English in his alma mater ; 
 
246 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 in 1886 was chosen professor of Latin; and in 1877-85 filled the 
 chair of French language and literature. In 1885-89 he held pro- 
 fessorships in the Columbian university of Washington, D.C. ; 
 and since 1899 has been president of Lime Stone college of Gaff- 
 ney, S.C. His work entitled A Study in Corneille, traces carefully 
 the development of the French drama. He is now writing a His- 
 tory of French Philosophy, on which subject he is an authority. 
 
 Loeb, James, retired banker, litterateur, was born Aug. 6, 1867, 
 in New York city. He was educated at Dr. Hull's school, Dr. J. 
 Sade's collegiate institute for boys, and in 1888 graduated with the 
 degree of A.B., from Harvard university. In 1888-1901 he was en- 
 gaged in the banking business; and now devotes his time princi- 
 pally to art and literature. He has been a member of the execu- 
 tive committee of the New York civil service reform association ; 
 and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a 
 member of the chamber of commerce, Metropolitan museum of 
 art; American institute of archaeology; the English society for 
 promotion of Hellenic studies; the New York botanical garden 
 and the municipal art society ; and is also a member of the Lotus, 
 Nineteenth century, lawyers', players', and numerous clubs and 
 societies of New York City. 
 
 Long, Chester I., republican, of Medicine Lodge, was born Oct. 
 12, 1860, in Perry county, Pa. ; in 1865 he moved with his parents 
 to Daviess county, Mo., where he resided until 1879, when he 
 moved to Paola, Kans. ; received ah academic education ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at Topeka, Kans., in 1885, and located at Medi- 
 cine Lodge, where he has since resided ; was elected to the State 
 senate in 1889 ; was elected to the fifty-fourth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, and fifty-eighth congresses. Before his term as repre- 
 sentative in the fifty-eighth congress began, he was elected to the 
 United States senate to succeed William A. Harris, democrat, for 
 the term beginning March 4, 1903-09. 
 
 Lookabaugh, Ira Holmes, lawyer, was born Feb. 5, 1868, in 
 Pittsburg, Pa. He received his education at the Campbell uni- 
 versity of Holton, Kan., and at the Kansas university of Law- 
 rence. He graduated from the commercial and scientific ocurse 
 at Campbell university, and from the art and law departments at 
 the Kansas university. He has been cashier of a bank, traveling 
 salesman, and a school teacher. In 1892 he was admitted to prac- 
 tice in the supreme court of Kansas and has attained prominence 
 in his profession in Oklahoma at Watonga, where he takes an act- 
 ive part in the public affairs of that state. 
 
 Lord, Livingston C, president of the eastern Illinois state 
 normal university, was born Aug. 27, 1851, in Killingsworth, Conn. 
 He was educated in the public schools of his native state ; and at 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 247 
 
 the state normal school of New Britain, Conn. He has attained 
 success in educational work. He has been city superintendent of 
 schools at St. Peter, Minn. ; president of the state normal school 
 at Moorhead, Minn. ; and has filled other positions of trust and 
 honor. Since 1899 he has been president of the eastern Illinois 
 state normal university at Charleston, 111. 
 
 Lord, William Paine, soldier, lawyer, jurist, diplomat, gover- 
 nor, was born in 1838 in Dover, Del. During the civil war he was 
 major of the first regiment, Delaware United States cavalry; and 
 afterward became lieutenant of the second regiment United 
 States artillery. He was city attorney of Salem, Oregon, in 1870 ; 
 a member of the state senate in 1878 ; judge of the supreme court 
 and chief justice during 1880-94 ; and in 1895 he was elected gov- 
 ernor of Oregon for four years. In 1899-1908 he was United 
 States minister to the Argentine Republic; and is now code com- 
 missioner of Oregon. 
 
 Lothrop, Thornton Kirkland, lawyer, author, was born in 
 1830 in New Hampshire. He was educated at Harvard univer- 
 sity. He is a member of the Massachusetts historical society; a 
 trustee of the Boston athenaeum, and a trustee of the museum of 
 fine arts. He is a member of the Somerset and union clubs. He 
 is a lawyer of Boston, and the author of The Life of William H. 
 Seward. 
 
 Loud, Eugene Francis, soldier, legislator, congressman, was 
 born March 12, 1847, in Abington, Mass. He was with the army 
 of the Potomac and with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley un- 
 til the close of the war. He was a member of the California leg- 
 islature in 1884, and was elected to the fifty-second, fifty-third 
 and fifty-fourth congresses and re-elected to the fifty-fifth con- 
 gress as a republican. He is still prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Lowber, James William, educator, clergyman, lecturer, was 
 born in 1847 in Chaplin, Ky. He attended the university of In- 
 dianapolis, from which institution he received the degrees of A.B. 
 and A.M. ; then attended the Syracuse university, graduating from 
 the classical course with the degree of Ph.D. For many years he 
 was the editor of The Apostolic Church of Louisville, Ky. He has 
 been president of the Columbia Christian college ; and has filled 
 pastorates in Scranton, Pa. ; Louisville and Paducah, Ky. ; Fort 
 Wort, Galveston and Austin, Tex., in which latter city he now re- 
 sides. He is a member of the foreign royal geographical society ; 
 and a member of the Royal societies club of London. He is the 
 author of Culture; Struggles and Triumphs of the Truth; and 
 other works. For five years he was chancellor of the Texas Chris- 
 
248 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tian university ; is a member of the American academy of political 
 and social science ; and resides in Austin, Texas. 
 
 Lowell, Daniel Ozro Smith, educator, author, was born April 
 13, 1851, in Denmark, Maine. In 1874 he graduated from Bow- 
 doin college and subsequently received the degree of A.M. from 
 that instituion. In 1877 he graduated from the Medical school of 
 Maine ; but adopted teaching as a profession. Until 1884 he taught 
 in various schools and academies in the state of Maine. Since 
 1884 he has been a master in the Roxbury Latin school of Boston, 
 Mass. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, of the American phil- 
 ological association, and of other educational and scientific socie- 
 ties. In 1896 he edited The Roger de Coverley Papers; he has 
 contributed extensively to various journals on subjects of travel, 
 literature, and education, and is the author of Jason's Quest; and 
 he resides in Dorchester, Mass. 
 
 Lowell, Percival, astronomer, author, was born March 13, 1855, 
 in Boston, Mas. In 1876 he graduated with the degree of A.B. 
 from Harvard; and subsequently received the degree of LL.D. 
 from Amherst. Most of the time during 1883-93 he lived in Ja- 
 pan ; and was counsellor and foreign secretary to the Korean spe- 
 cial mission to the United States. In 1894 he established the Low- 
 ell observatory; in 1900 he undertook an eclipse expedition to 
 Tripoli; and in 1907 sent an expedition to the Andes to photo- 
 graph the planet Mars. In 1902 he was appointed non-resident 
 professor of astronomy in the Massachusetts institute of technol- 
 ogy. He is the author of Choson ; The Soul of the Far East ; 
 Noto ; Occult Japan ; Annals of the Lowell Observatory ; The So- 
 lar System ; Mars and Its Canals ; and Mars as the Abode of Life. 
 
 Lowman, John Bodine, physician, surgeon, was born Nov. 19, 
 1874, in Johnstown, Pa. He was educated at the Cheltenham Mil» 
 itary academy; and in 1895 graduated wtih the degree of M.D. 
 from the Jefferson medical college of Philadelphia, Pa. He has 
 attained success in the practice of his profession at Johnstown, 
 Pa. ; and is surgeon-in-charge of the Cambridge hospital, surgeon 
 to the Memorial hospital, Pennsylvania railroad company, and 
 the Lorain Steel company; and is also on the staff of the Cone- 
 maugh Valley Memorial hospital. He is medical examiner for the 
 Bankers', Manhattan, Mutual and New York Life Insurance com- 
 panies of New York city, and the Connecticut Mutual Life In- 
 surance company of Hartford, Conn. He is a director in the Citi- 
 zens ' National bank and the Johnstown Telephone company. He 
 is a member of the American medical association, medical society 
 state of Pennsylvania, and the Cambria county medical society ; 
 and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 his city, county and state ; and resides in Johnstown, Pa. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 249 
 
 Ludwig, 0. C, state librarian of Arkansas, was born Sept. 16, 
 1858, in Decatur, Ala. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools of Huntsville, Ala. By profession he is a printer, journal- 
 ist and general newspaper man. He has been clerk in the Ar- 
 kansas house of representatives ; deputy secretary of state ; sec- 
 retary of state for three terms; and has held various other posi- 
 tions of trust and honor. Since 1905 he has been state librarian 
 of Arkansa ; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Lyman, George Alexander, journalist, lecturer, was born June 
 26, 1838, in Winchester, N.H. In 1855 he graduated from the 
 Northfield institute of Northfield, Mass. He is the editor and 
 owner of The Journal of Amboy, 111., and has been an extensive 
 writer on social and political economy, and is known as a cham- 
 pion of the cause of popular education and also of higher educa- 
 tion. He is a lecturer of the American Institute of Civics, and a 
 brilliant orator. He takes an active part in the public affairs of 
 his city, county and state ; is a prominent member of several fra- 
 ternal orders, in which he has held many positions of honor. 
 
 Lynch, John Roy, jurist, legislator, congressman, was born 
 Sept. 10, 1847, in Concordia parish, La. In 1869 he was appointed 
 a justice of the peace in Natchez, Miss. He was elected to the 
 state legislature from Adams county in 1870 ; and re-elected in 
 1871. He was elected to the forty-third congress, and re-elected 
 to the forty-fourth and forty-seventh congresses as a republican. 
 
 Lyon, George, major Nebraska national guard, was born July 
 30, 1859, in Ogdensburg, N.Y. He was educated at Philipps Ex- 
 eter academy of New Hampshire ; and in 1881 graduated from 
 Harvard college of Cambridge, Mass. He is a successful journal- 
 ist and publisher ; and editor of Nuckolls County Herald of Nel- 
 son, Neb. He is also an abstractor of titles ; and the owner of the 
 only set of abstract books of his county. He personally superin- 
 tends a farm of four hundred and eighty acres ; and makes a spec- 
 ialty of real estate and loans. He is a director in the First na- 
 tional bank of Nelson, Neb. ; and prominently identified wtih the 
 business and public affairs of that city. Since 1903 he has held 
 the rank of major in the Nebraska national guard; was colonel 
 on Governor Holcomb's staff; and resides in Nelson, Neb. 
 
 Lyons, Judson Whitlocke, lawyer, was born Aug. 15, 1860, in 
 Burke county, Ga. He is in the law practice in Augusta, Ga. 
 He was a member of the republican national convention of 
 1888, 1892 and 1896; and in the latter year was elected on the 
 Georgia national committee. In 1898, he removed to Washing- 
 ton, having been appointed at that date register of the United 
 States treasury. 
 
250 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Lyte, Eliphalet Oram, educator, lecturer, author, was born 
 June 29, 1842, in Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Since his graduation he has 
 devoted himself especially to the study of language and philos- 
 ophy. He has been a member of the faculty of the Millersville 
 state normal school since 1868 ; and in 1887 was elected its prin- 
 cipal. He is the author of Forms of Parsing and Analysis ; Prac- 
 tical Book-keeping; The School Song Book; and Grammar and 
 Composition. 
 
 Mabery, Charles Frederic, chemist, educator, was born Jan. 
 13, 1850, in North Gorham, Maine. He has received the degrees 
 of Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Science. In 1873-83 he was 
 student and teacher in Harvard university, when he was called 
 to the chair of chemistry in the Case school of applied science in 
 Cleveland. He has published numerous papers in the American 
 Chemical Journal, and other scientific journals at home and 
 abroad. 
 
 Mabrey, Henry Y., Wayne county probate judge of Missouri, 
 was born Dec. 3, 1836, in Randolph county, Ind. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Missouri ; and attended the Jackson 
 seminary for one term. In 1862 he enlisted in company B, twelfth 
 regiment United States cavalry; and the same year volunteered 
 as a member of the company H, thirty-first regiment Missouri 
 volunteer infantry ; and was commissioned as first lieutenant. In 
 1864 he attained the rank of lieutenant, serving in numerous bat- 
 tles and skirmishes during the civil war. For many years he 
 was a teacher in the public schools; was county school commis- 
 sioner; and county superintendent of public schools. He has 
 served as a justice of the peace ; and for six years was public ad- 
 ministrator of Wayne county, Mo. In 1894-98 he was probate 
 judge, and again in 1902 was elected probate judge for Wayne 
 county ; and resides in Greenville, Mo. 
 
 MacArthur, Robert Stuart, clergyman, lecturer, author, was 
 born July 31, 1841, in Canada. He is a distinguished baptist cler- 
 gyman of the Calvary baptist church of New York City since 
 1870. He is the author of Quick Truths in Quaint Texts ; Calvary 
 Pulpit, or Christ and Him Crucified; Divine Balustrades, and 
 Other Sermons; Current Questions for Thinking Men; The At- 
 tractive Christ; A Book on the Holy Land; and Advent Christ- 
 mas, Easter, and Other Sermons. 
 
 Mac Lean, George Edwin, educator, clergyman, college presi- 
 dent, author, was born Aug. 31, 1850, in Rockville, Conn. He has 
 filled the chair of English language and literature in the univer- 
 sity of Minnesota; and was chancellor of the university of Ne- 
 braska at Lincoln in 1895-99. Since 1899 he has been president 
 of the state university of Iowa. He is the author of A Chart of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 251 
 
 English Literature, with References ; and The Next Stages in the 
 Educational Development of Nebraska. 
 
 Mac Lennan, Frank Pitts, proprietor and editor of the Topeka 
 State Journal, was born March 1, 1855, in Springfield Ohio. In 
 1875 he graduated with the degree of B.S. from the university of 
 Kansas; and subsequently received the degree of M.S. from that 
 institution of learning. For several years he was connected with 
 the Daily News of Emporia, Kan. ; in 1880 acquired proprietary 
 interests in that publication, which he subsequently sold in 1885 ; 
 and then he bought the State Journal at auction, of which publi- 
 cation he has since been editor and proprietor. The Topeka State 
 Journal, under his management, has become one of the foremost 
 and most popular newspapers in the west. 
 
 Madill, Leslie D., Midland county treasurer of Michigan, was 
 born March 24, 1879, in Midland, Mich. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native city ; and is a bookkeeper and account- 
 ant by profession. He has been deputy register of deeds, deputy 
 county treasurer, and is now chairman of the republican city and 
 county committees. Since 1905 he has been county treasurer for 
 Midland county ; and resides in Midland, Mich. 
 
 Majette, Mark Marsden, lawyer, public official and occa- 
 sional writer, was born Sept. 19, 1865 in Hertford county, N.C. 
 He attended the university of North Carolina, and after obtaining 
 law license, commenced practicing at Columbia, N.C, where he 
 soon attained prominence. He has been mayor of Columbia, and 
 is prominently identified with the public affairs of the town and 
 county in which he resides ; and resides in Columbus, N.C. 
 
 Manderson, Charles Frederick, soldier, lawyer, United States 
 senator was born Feb. 9, 1837, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1856 he 
 moved to Canton, Ohio, where he read law ; and was elected city 
 solictor in 1860. In 1861 he entered the army as first lieutenant 
 of company A, nineteenth regiment Ohio infantry; and rose 
 through the grades of captain, major, lieutenant-colonel and col- 
 onel of that regiment, commanding a brigade during the demi- At- 
 lantic campaign. In September, 1864, he was severely wounded; 
 and in 1865 was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers for 
 long-continued and gallant and meritorious services. He was sub- 
 sequently twice elected district attorney at Canton, Ohio; and 
 since 1869 has practiced law in Omaha, Neb. ; for six years he was 
 city attorney of Omaha ; was elected to the United States senate 
 as a republican in 1883 ; was re-elected in 1888 ; and was elected 
 president pro tern in 1891 to succeed John J. Ingalls. He served 
 two years as president of the American bar association ; and for 
 the last three years has been general solicitor of the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington and Quincy railroad in the six states west of the Mis- 
 
252 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 souri river traversed by that railroad; and resides in Omaha, 
 
 Neb. 
 
 Manners, Edwin, lawyer, business president, was born March 
 6, 1855, in Jersey City, N.J. He was educated at the Hasbrouck 
 institute of Jersey City ; and at the Mount Pleasant military acad- 
 emy of Ossining-on-Hudson. In 1877 he graduated from Prince- 
 ton university with the degree of A.B. and subsequently received 
 the degree of A.M. In 1879 he graduated from Columbia univer- 
 sity with the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the New Jer- 
 sey bar as an attorney in 1880 and as a counsellor in 1883 ; and 
 has practiced his profession in his native city. He has large real 
 estate intersts and stock holdings in several business corporations 
 in Jersey City, N.J. He is an occasional contributor of both prose 
 and verse to the press; and has traveled extensively in America 
 and abroad. 
 
 Manwaring, Albert H., electrical engineer, was born Aug. 8, 
 1859, in Mexico, Oswego county, N.Y. In 1874 he moved to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio ; was educated in the public schools and at Bryant and 
 Stratton's Business college. In 1880 he entered the employ of 
 the Brush Electric company, and was assigned to take charge of 
 the construction and erection of electrical plants for the eastern 
 agency at Philadelphia, Pa. In 1881 he took charge of the in- 
 stallation and remodeling of electric light plants for the Thom- 
 son-Houston company of Philadelphia. In 1884 he became assist- 
 ant superintendent of the Brush Electric Light company of Phil- 
 adelphia ; general superintendent of the electrical department in 
 1890; and since 1899 has been electrical engineer for the Phila- 
 delphia Electric company. He is a member of several electrical 
 societies ; and has filled various positions of trust and honor ; and 
 resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Marburg, Theodore, political economist, author, was born July 
 10, 1862, in Baltimore, Md. He was educated at Princeton prep- 
 aratory school of the Johns Hopkins university; and in 1892-93 
 studied at Oxford, England. In 1902 he received the honorary de- 
 gree of A.M. from the Johns Hopkins university. He is a direc- 
 tor of the Baltimore trust and guarantee company ; a member of 
 the American economical association, and a member of the Po- 
 litical science association. He has been president of the Muni- 
 cipal art society ; and is a trustee of the Johns Hopkins university. 
 He is the author of The World's Money Problem; The War 
 with Spain ; Expansion ; In the Hills, a poem. 
 
 Marcy, Henry Orlando, surgeon, author, was born June 23, 
 1837, in Otis, Mass. He graduated from Amherst with the degree 
 of A.M. ; received the degree of M.D. from Harvard university ; 
 and took a post-graduate course at the university of Berlin. In 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 253 
 
 1862-65 he was surgeon and medical director in the United States 
 army. He is surgeon to the Surgical hospital of Cambridge, 
 Mass. ; and is a member of many societies both in America and 
 Europe. He is the author of The Anatomy and Surgical Treat- 
 ment of Hernia; Modern Methods of Wound Treatment; The 
 Animal Suture ; and other works. 
 
 Marden, Orison Swett, journalist, author, was born in 1848 in 
 Thornton, N.H. He is the editor and founder of the Success of 
 Boston, Mass. He is a Boston writer whose collections of brief 
 biographies comprise Pushing to the Front; Architects of Fate; 
 How to Succeed ; The Secret of Achievement ; and The Optimistic 
 Life. 
 
 Markham, Henry Harrison, lawyer, congressman, governor, 
 was born Nov. 16, 1840, in Wilmington, N.Y. He was educated at 
 the public and private schools of his native town, and at Wheel- 
 er's academy of Vermont. In 1861 he moved to Wisconsin, and 
 entered the army from that state. He was with General Sherman 
 on his famous march to the sea, and was severely wounded in 
 February, 1865. He then practiced law in Milwaukee until 1878, 
 when he moved to Pasadena, Cal., where for a number of years 
 he was engaged in gold and silver mining. He was elected as a 
 representative from California to the forty-ninth congress, secur- 
 ing the passage of many important measures for the benefit of 
 Los Angeles county. He became one of the managers of the Na- 
 tional Soldiers' home of the United States; and during 1890-95 
 he filled the high office of governor of the state of California. 
 
 Marshall, James M., assistant quartermaster-general United 
 States army, was born May 31, 1844, in Coles county, 111. He was 
 educated at the United States Military academy of West Point, 
 N.Y. In 1865 he was promoted first lieutenant in the thireenth 
 infantry ; in 1866 was transferred to the thirty-first infantry ; in 
 1869 to the twenty-second infantry; and in 1880 for the fourth 
 artillery. In 1875 he became captain and assistant quartermas- 
 ter ; in 1891 became major and quartermaster ; and in 1897 depu- 
 ty quartermaster-general. Since 1901 he has been assistant quar- 
 termaster-general in the United States army, with the rank of 
 colonel ; and is now stationed at Jeffersonville, Ind. 
 
 Martin, George Alexander, soldier, lawyer, legislator, was 
 born Sept. 3, 1833, in Norfolk county, Va. He enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in the confederate service and was promoted to lieutenant- 
 colonel. In 1881 he was a member of the Virginia state senate; 
 has twice been a delegate to the Virginia house of delegates; in 
 1883-84 was railroad commissioner of Virginia ; and in 1888 was 
 presidential elector of Virginia. He has made history and the 
 classics a special study; and has contributed extensively to cur- 
 
254 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 rent literature. He is one of the foremost lawyers of his native 
 state at Norfolk; and resides in Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Martin, Jonathan McCaleb, lawyer, legislator, was born June 
 2, 1846, in Claiborne county, Miss. He received his education at 
 the university of Virginia, and soon became a leading lawyer of 
 his state. He was president of the board of registrars; for four 
 years was a representative of the Mississippi legislature ; and for 
 four years a member of the state senate. For fifteen years he was 
 a trustee of the Industrial institute and college of Columbus, Miss. ; 
 and now practices his profession in Port Gibson, Miss. 
 
 Martine, Godfrey R., physician, surgeon, philanthropist, was 
 born April 27, 1837, in Troy, N.Y. His education was com- 
 menced in Troy, N.Y. ; and later he entered the Warrensburg 
 academy. He subsequently entered the state normal school at 
 Albany, where he received a state teacher's certificate; and soon 
 became principal of Lawrenceburg academy. In 1862 he grad- 
 uated from the medical department of the university of Vermont ; 
 and for twenty years practiced his profession in "Warrensburg, 
 N.Y. Since 1882 he has practiced in Glens Falls, N.Y. ; and in 
 1885 established the Glens Falls hospital. In 1879 he was elected 
 a member of the New York state assembly. In 1878 he established 
 the Martine drug store at North Creek, which is still in exist- 
 ence. He has served several terms as president of the "Warren 
 County Medical Association; was president of the State Tri- 
 County Medical Society; was a delegate to the "World's Medical 
 Congress ; and for five years was secretary of the United States 
 board of pension examiners. He is a skilled physician ; and one 
 of the most liberal and public-spirited citizens of "Warren county ; 
 and resides in Glens Falls, N.Y. 
 
 Marvin, Frederick Rowland, clergyman, lecturer, author, 
 poet, was born Sept. 23, 1847, in Troy, N.Y. He studied in the 
 Union college ; in 1870 graduated from college of physicians and 
 surgeons of New York City ; and was professor of psychological 
 and medical .-jurisprudence in 1872-75. He studied theology at 
 the reformed dutch theology seminary of New Brunswick, N.J. 
 He has filled pastorates in the congregational churches of Mid- 
 dletown, N.Y. ; at Portland. Oregon ; and at Barrington, Mass. 
 He is the author of The Last "Words of Distinguished Men and 
 "Women ; Christ Among the Cattle ; The Literature of the Insane ; 
 Death in the Light of Science ; Flowers of Song from Many 
 Lands ; and The Companionship of Books and Other Papers. 
 
 Marvin, Winthrop Lippitt, public official, was born May 15, 
 1863, in New Castle, N. H. He was educated at Portsmouth and 
 Roxbury ; studied at Tufts college ; and has received the degrees 
 of A.B. and Litt.D. In 1884-86 he was reporter and night city 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 255 
 
 editor on the Boston Advertiser ; and in 1887-1903 was New Eng- 
 land news editor and editorial writer, and chief editorial writer 
 and associate-editor on the Boston Journal. In 1901-04 he was 
 civil service comimssioner of Massachusetts; and in 1904-05 was 
 secretary of the merchant marine commission at Washington, D.C. 
 He is the author of The American Merchant Marine; and resides 
 in Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mathues, William Lincoln, lawyer, public official, was born 
 March 24, 1862, in Delaware county, Pa. He received his educa- 
 tion in the public schools of Media, Pa. ; and soon attained suc- 
 cess in the practice of law. In 1885-87 he was deputy sheriff of 
 his county; and in 1887-92 he was deputy prothonotary and dep- 
 uty clerk of courts ; and in 1892-1904 was prothonotary and clerk 
 of courts. In 1904 he was a delegate at Chicago, 111. ; and has 
 filled various positions of trust and honor. He was treasurer of 
 the state of Pennsylvania for the term of 1904-06 ; and resides in 
 Media, Pa. 
 
 Mathews, William Burdette, clerk state supreme court of ap- 
 peals of West Virginia, was born Aug. 27, 1866, in Marshall 
 county, W.Va. He was educated at Waynesburg college, Pa. ; 
 and at the Columbian university. Pie soon attained success in the 
 practice of law; was chief clerk in the state auditor's office; and 
 served as assistant attorney-general. He has been presidential 
 elector ; and president of the state league of republican clubs. He 
 has been president of the Epworth league ; and twice a delegate 
 to the general conference of the methodist episcopal church. Since 
 1903 he has been clerk of the state supreme court of appeals of 
 West Virginia ; and resides in Charlestown, W.Va. 
 
 Matson, Myron, state senator of Pennsylvania, was born Sept. 
 13, 1850, in Rushford, N.Y. He received the rudiments of his edu- 
 cation in the public schools ; and graduated from Franklinville 
 academy. In 1870 he engaged in the oil business in Warren 
 county, Pa. ; which business he has since followed, and now holds 
 interests in various oil fields throughout Pennsylvania and West 
 Virginia. He is president of the Matson Oil company and in the 
 Indiana oil fields. He is president of the Bradford Alaska Mining 
 Company; vice-president of the Commercial National Bank of 
 Bradford, Pa. ; and a director in various other corporations. He 
 has several times been elected a delegate to county and state 
 conventions ; was chairman of the county committee for several 
 terms; in 1900 was elected a member of the Pennsylvania state 
 senate for Tioga, Potter and McKean counties; and in 1904 was 
 reelected to the state senate ; and resides in Bradford, Pa. 
 
 Matthews, Matthew Clement, judge district court of Iowa, 
 was born Jan. 1, 1862, in Dubuque, Iowa. He was educated in the 
 
256 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 public and parochial schools of Iowa, attended the business col- 
 lege ; and studied law and was admitted to the bar. He soon at- 
 tained success in the practice of law at Dubuque, Iowa; and for 
 six years was county attorney of Dubuque county, Iowa. Since 
 1898 he has been judge of the district court of the nineteenth 
 judicial district of Iowa ; and his decisions have shown great eru- 
 dition and learning. He is prominent in fraternal and patriotic 
 societies ; and is now high chief ranger of the Independent Order 
 of Foresters of Iowa ; and resides in Dubuque, Iowa. 
 
 Maury, Mytton, clergyman, author, was born in 1839 in Eng- 
 land. He graduated from Columbia university with the degrees 
 of A.B. and A.M. ; gradauted from the Berkeley divinity school 
 with the degree of B.D. ; and received the degree of D.D. from the 
 university of New York. In 1865-71 he was rector at Cold Spring, 
 N.Y. ; filled various other pastorates thereafter ; and is now rector 
 of St. John's church of Rockland county, N.Y. He is the editor 
 and author of Maury's Series of Geographies; Maury's Physical 
 Geography ; Famous Men of Greece ; Famous Men of the Middle 
 Ages ; Famous Men of Modern Times ; and other works. 
 
 Maute, Andrew, state printer of Nevada, was born June 28, 
 1844, in France. He learned the printing business, and became 
 foreman of the Nevada state printing office. He has been the 
 publisher of the Carson Independent ; editor and manager of the 
 Austin Reveille ; and is now the editor and proprietor of the Bel- 
 mont Courier. For eight years he served with distinction as a 
 state senator in the Nevada legislature, and has taken an active 
 part in the legislation of Nevada. He is a member of the board of 
 honorary visitors of the Nevada state university, and takes an 
 active part in public affairs. He is state printer of Nevada for 
 the term of 1903-07 ; and resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 Maxwell, John Stevens, judge criminal court of record for 
 Duval county of Florida, was born Dec. 8, 1866, in Fernandina, 
 Fla. He was educated in the public schools of Florida, Georgia 
 and Delaware ; studied under private tutors in Wilmingtonville ; 
 and attended Princeton university and a summer law school. He 
 soon attained success at the bar of Florida ; is a prominent mem- 
 ber of the democratic party ; is a member of the Elks ; a member 
 of the Florida yacht club ; and is president of the Robert Burns 
 association of Jacksonville, Fla. He is a brigadier-general in the 
 national guard of Florida ; and a member of the national guard 
 association of Florida. He is judge of the criminal court of record 
 for Duval county, Fla. ; is now serving his second term of 1909-13 ; 
 and resides in Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Maxwell, Perriton, journalist, author, was born Jan. 11, 1866, 
 in New York city. Since 1888 he has been engaged in journalism 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 257 
 
 on the New York Sun, the World and Journal. In 1900-06 he was 
 editor of the Metropolitan Magazine of New York city ; and since 
 1906 has been editor of the Cosmopolitan Magazine. He is the 
 author of Masterpieces of Art and Nature; and American Art 
 and Artists. 
 
 May, Charles Henry, physician, oculist, author, was born Aug. 
 7, 1861, in Baltimore, Md. He was educated at the College of the 
 city of New York, and took special studies in chemistry ; and in 
 1883 graduated from the college of physicians and surgeons of 
 Columbia university. In 1883-87 he took a special course of 
 study of th eye and ear abroad. In 1883 he began practice as 
 physician and surgeon in New York city; and since 1887 has 
 been a specialist of the eye and ear. He is the author of Manual 
 of Diseases of the Eye, which has been translated into several 
 languages. 
 
 Mayes, Edward, lawyer, educator, author, was born Dec. 15, 
 1846, in Hinds county, Miss. In 1860-61 he was a student at 
 Bethany college of Virginia ; in 1868 he graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Mississippi; and in 1869 graduated from the law de- 
 partment with the degree of LL.D. In 1889-92 he was chancellor 
 of the university of Mississippi. In 1895-1905 he was professor 
 of law and dean of law school in Millsap's college, of Jackson, 
 Miss. ; and is also a prominent attorney of that state. He is the 
 author of The Life, Times, and Speeches of Lucius Q. C. Lamar ; 
 and A History of Higher Education in Mississippi. 
 
 McBryde, John McLaren, educator, college president, scientist, 
 was born in 1841, in Abbeville, S.C. He was educated at the 
 South Carolina college, and university of Virginia; and has re- 
 ceived the degrees of Ph.D., Sc.D. and LL.D. He is a noted edu- 
 cator and scientist of the south; during 1882-87 was president 
 South Carolina college ; during 1887-91 was president university 
 of South Carolina; and since 1891 has been president Virginia 
 polytechnic institute of Blaoksburg, Va. In 1893 he declined the 
 position of assistant secretary of agriculture tendered by Presi- 
 dent Cleveland ; and in 1904 also declined the presidency of the 
 university of Virginia; and resides in Blacksburg, Va. 
 
 McCandless, J. Guy, member grand army of the republic, was 
 born Jan. 1. 1839, in Perrysville, Pa. He was educated at the 
 Jefferson medical college; and is a successful practicing phy- 
 sician of Pennsylvania. He has been a member of the Pennsyl- 
 vania state board of medical examiners ; for fourteen years surgeon 
 to the Pennsylvania national guard; and for ten years was health 
 physician for the city of Pittsburgh. He has been director depart- 
 ment of public works of Pittsburgh ; and has held various other 
 positions of trust and honor. He is a member of Pennsylvania 
 
258 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Post No. 3, grand army of the republic ; and resides in Pittsburgh, 
 Pa. 
 
 McCarthy, Patrick Joseph, counselor at law of Providence, 
 R.I., was born Sept. 12, 1848, in County Sligo, Ireland. He was 
 educated in the day and night schools of Boston, Somerville and 
 Cambridge, Mass. ; and in 1876 graduated with the degree of 
 LL.B. from the Harvard university law school. In 1890, 1892 and 
 1894 he was a member of the city council of Providence, R.I. ; in 
 1893-94 and 1903 was a member of the Rhode Island state legis- 
 lature; and in 1907-08 was mayor of Providence, R.I. He is 
 prominently identified with the buisness and public affairs of his 
 city, is a member of the republican party; and resides in Provi- 
 dence, R.I. 
 
 McCook, John James, attorney-at-law of New York city, was 
 born May 25, 1845, in Carrollton, Ohio. He is the youngest son of 
 the Ohio family known as the fighting McCooks, consisting of a 
 father and nine sons, who with five cousins were all officers in the 
 civil war. He enlisted in the fifty-second regiment Ohio infantry ; 
 and was later commissioned a lieutenant in the sixth Ohio cavalry 
 and captain a A.D.C. of the United States volunteers ; and served 
 in the campaigns of Perryville, Stone River, Chattanooga and 
 Chickamauga, and in General Grant's campaign with the army of 
 the Potomac. In 1864 he was severely wounded at Shady Grove, 
 Va. ; and was mustered out as lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. 
 He re-entered Kenyon college, and in 1866 graduated with the de- 
 gree of A.B. ; in 1869 graduated from Harvard law school ; and 
 has received the degree of A.M. from Princeton university and 
 the degree of LL.D. from the university of Kansas and from La- 
 Fayette college. He was invited to a place in President McKin- 
 ley's first cabinet; and during the Spanish-American war was 
 chairman of the army and navy Christian commission of the Y. M. 
 C. A. He is an eminent member of the bar of New York city ; a 
 director of Princeton theological seminary; a trustee of Kenyon 
 college ; and a member of numerous clubs and societies ; and re- 
 sides in New York city. 
 
 McCormick, Andrew Phelps, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Dec. 18, 1832, in Brazoria county, Texas. He was judge 
 of probate in Brazoria county, Texas, in 1865 and 1866 ; and was 
 a member of the state constitutional conventions of 1866 and 1868 ; 
 and was judge of the circuit court from 1871 to 1876. He was 
 state senator from 1876 to 1879. In 1879 he was appointed United 
 States district judge for the northern district of Texas, and re- 
 signed as senator to enter upon his judicial duties. Since 1892 he 
 has been judge of the fifth judicial circuit court of the United 
 States; and resides in Dallas, Tex. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 259 
 
 McCormick, Andrew Wilson, soldier, jurist, lawyer, was born 
 Feb. 3, 1830, in Waynesburg, Pa. During the war he served in the 
 seventy-seventh regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, and was brev- 
 etted major and lieutenant-colonel for gallantry. He has attained 
 eminence as one of the foremost lawyers of Ohio at Cincinnati; 
 has been an eminent jurist ; and is a successful pension attorney, 
 with offices in Cincinnati and Washington, D.C. 
 
 McCormick, Robert Laird, lumber manufacturer, banker, leg- 
 islator, was born Oct. 29, 1847, in Clinton county, Pa. He received 
 his education at the Saunders institute of West Philadelphia, Pa. 
 He is a successful banker and lumber manufacturer of Tacoma, 
 Wash. ; and is interested in a dozen lumber corporations with an 
 aggregate capital of twenty million dollars. During 1881-82 he 
 served with distinction as senator in the Minnesota state legisla- 
 ture, and was the grand commander of the Minnesota knights 
 templar in 1880-81. In 1892 he was colonel of the Wisconsin di- 
 vision sons of veterans ; in 1900-03 was president of the state his- 
 torial society of Wisconsin; and is president of the Washington 
 state historical society. He is now president of the Pacific na- 
 tional bank of Tacoma, Wash., where he now resides. 
 
 McCreary, James Bennett, United States senator from Ken- 
 tucky, was born July 8, 1838, in Madison county, Ky. At the be- 
 ginning of the civil war he enlisted as a private in the confederate 
 army and was elected major of the eleventh Kentucky cavalry; 
 and at the time of the surrender of the confederate forces was 
 lieutenant-colonel of his regiment. In 1869 he was elected a rep- 
 resentative in the Kentucky legislature and was twice re-elected. 
 In 1871 he was elected speaker and was re-elected in 1873. He 
 was elected governor of Kentucky in 1875, and served four years. 
 In 1884 he was elected a representative from Kentucky to the 
 forty-ninth congress ; and was re-elected to the fiftieth, fifty-first, 
 fifty-second, fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses as a democrat. 
 He was elected to the United States senate for the term of 1903- 
 09 ; and resides in Richmond, Ky. 
 
 McCreery, James W., lawyer, state senator, was born July 13, 
 1849, in Indiana county, Pa. In 1881 he began the practice of 
 law at Greeley, Colo. ; and has made specialties of irrigation and 
 corporation laws. In 1888-92 and in 1896-1900 he was a member 
 of the Colorado state senate. In 1892-99 he was a member of the 
 board of trustees of the Colorado state normal school ; and in 
 1895-99 was president of the board of trustees of that institution. 
 He is a lecturer on irrigation laws at the university of Colorado. 
 McCulloch, Philip Doddridge, lawyer, jurist, congressman, 
 was born June 23, 1851, in Murfreesboro, Tenn. He was educated 
 in the public schools and at Andrew college of Newton, Tenn. In 
 
260 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1872 he began the practice of law in Trenton, Tenn, ; and since 
 1874 has reside and practiced his profession in Marianna, Ark. 
 In 1878 he was elected prosecuting attorney of the first judicial 
 district of Arkansas; and was re-elected for three consecutive 
 terms. In 1888 he was a presidential elector. In 1893-1903 he 
 was a representative from Alabama to the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh congresses as a democrat. 
 He was a member of the committee on rivers and harbors; and 
 was active in the interest of our great harbors and waterways. 
 He favored the deep water channel from the lakes to the gulf 
 when the project was first submitted to the river and harbor 
 committee of congress ; and now predicts that it is a mere matter 
 of time that Chicago will be both a lake and gulf port. 
 
 McCurdy, Irwin Pounds, clergyman, author, was born March 
 23, 1856, in "Westmoreland county, Pa. He was educated in the 
 public and Pennsylvania state normal school ; at the Washington 
 and Jefferson college ; at the university of Wooster, and gradu- 
 ated from Lafayette college from which he has received the de- 
 grees of A.B., A.M. and Litt.D. He was a student at Princeton 
 theological seminary and took graduate courses at the Lafayette, 
 Princeton and Johns Hopkins universities. He has received the 
 degrees of L.D., Ph.D., Se.D., L.H.D.. H.L.D., Philol.D., J.U.D. and 
 many honorary degrees. In 1881-84 he was professor of Greek 
 and higher mathematics at the female seminary of Frederic City, 
 Md In 1881 he was ordained to the presbyterian ministry; and 
 has filled pastorates at Frederic City, Md. ; Shrewsbury, N.J. ; 
 Kansas City, and Philadelphia. Since 1885 he has been an hon- 
 orary pastor for life. In 1897-99 he was editor of the Weekly 
 Reminder. He is the author of Style and Language of Edgar 
 Allen Poe ; Lovely Lafayette and Other Poems ; Christmas Carols 
 and New Year Hymns; Our Country's Glory; Patriotic Poems; 
 and Reginia-Saquehanna. 
 
 McDermott, Thomas Jefferson, lawyer, orator, writer, was 
 born Nov. 17, 1861, in Kasota, Minn. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the district school, and at a private college ; 
 and subsequently attended the state university of Minnesota, 
 from which institution he was a graduate. For six years he was in 
 the United States postal service ; was a member of the executive 
 committee of the democratic state central committee ; and for 
 two years was chairman of the democratic state central commit- 
 tee. He has attained prominence as one of the foremost lawyers 
 of Minnesota, and has a large practice in the city of St. Paul. He 
 is a brilliant orator; and as a writer has contributed valuable arti- 
 cles to law literature and the periodical press generally. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 261 
 
 McDonald, Alexander, president Standard oil company of 
 Kentucky, was born in Murrayshare, Scotland. In 1851 he came 
 to the United States ; and located in Chillicothe, Ohio. In 1857 
 he engaged in business in Cincinnati ; and became connected with 
 a number of the financial, educational and charity institutions 
 of that city. He is president of the Standard company of Ken- 
 tucky; and is prominently identified with other large corpora- 
 tions. 
 
 McEniry, Matthew J., lawyer, politician, was born April 9, 
 1858, in Zuma township, near Moline, 111. He received his educa- 
 tion in the public schools, St. John's college, Notre Dame uni- 
 versity, and the State university of Michigan. Since 1882 he has 
 continuously been a member of the democratic committee, and a 
 delegate to nearly every state convention of his party since 1884. 
 He has taken an active interest in politcs and has attained success 
 as a platform speaker. Since 1888 he has practiced law with suc- 
 cess in Moline, 111., and since 1894 has been postmaster of that 
 city. 
 
 McKee, James Anderson, state senator of California, was born 
 June 6, 1854, in Crawford county, Pa. He received a thorough 
 education in the public schools; and gradauted from the Rush 
 medical college of Chicago, and from the California medical col- 
 lege. He has attained success as a noted physician and surgeon 
 of Sacramento, Cal. ; and is a member of the leading medical and 
 scientific associations of America. He is a member of the Cali- 
 fornia state senate for the seventh district for the term of 1905- 
 09; and is chairman of committee on public buildings and 
 grounds; and resides in Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 McKee, Wood, state senator of New Jersey, was born Nov. 10, 
 1866, in Paterson, N. J. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native city; and at Professor MacMann's academy. He has 
 attained success at the bar of New Jersey ; in 1898-99 was a rep- 
 resentative in the New Jersey state legislature; and in 1895-98 
 was assistant chairman of the Passaic county committee. Since 
 1900 he has been a member of the New Jersey state senate from 
 Passaic county, served his second term and resides in Pater- 
 son, N.J. 
 
 McKenna, Maurice, lawyer, poet, was born May 31, 1846, in 
 Springfield, Mass. During the civil war he served as a member 
 of company I, thirty-ninth regiment Wisconsin volunteer infan- 
 try. As a lawyer he has gained a good reputation as one of the 
 foremost practitioners in his state; practices in the state and 
 federal courts; and has professional engagements in Iowa, Kan- 
 sas, Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota. For six years he was clerk 
 of the courts of record in Fond du Lac county ; and served eigh- 
 
262 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 teen terms as supervisor of the first ward of the city of Fond du 
 Lac, and for ten terms was chairman of said board. He has held 
 numerous positions of honor, and has always taken an active 
 part in the public affairs of his city, county and state. He is the 
 author of a volume entitled Elva Lee, and Other Poems; and a 
 second volume which was published in 1890 entitled Poems, 
 Rhymes and Verses. His productions were given a place in Poets 
 of America, and have apepared in other standard works ; and he 
 resides in Fond du Lac, Wis. 
 
 McLaurin, John Frederick, lawyer, was born Aug. 22, 1864, 
 in Kemper county, Miss. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the public schools, and attended the Wesling college of 
 San Augustine, Tex. He has attained prominence as an able 
 lawyer of San Augustine, Texas ; has served as United States dis- 
 trict attorney for the eastern district of Texas; and takes an 
 active part in the public affairs of his county and state. 
 
 McMichael, Charles B., judge court of common pleas, was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1872 he began the practice of law in Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa.; and in 1881-93 was assistant to the city solicitor. 
 He is the author of a History of the Municipal Law of Philadel- 
 phia. Since 1895 he has been judge of common pleas; was re- 
 elected in 1906 for a second term ; and is now president judge of 
 the court of common pleas number three ; and resides in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 
 McMillen, Liston, lawyer, lecturer, author, was born Dec. 10, 
 1847, in Richwood, Ohio. He graduated in the classical course 
 from the Ohio Wesleyan university in 1867. He moved to Oska- 
 loosa, Iowa, and began the practice of law there in 1869. He is 
 the author of a work entitled Christian Hygiene, which treats of 
 the principles of biblical healing; and a drama entitled The Star 
 of Optimism. As a lecturer he has appeared in his one favorite 
 discourse entitled The Proofs of the Resurrection of Christ. His 
 legal training enables him to handle this discussion in the light 
 of the common law rules of evidence — a characteristic feature 
 that draws public attention to the speaker and his theme. 
 
 McMurphy, Jesse G., clergyman, college president, author, 
 poet, was born April 8, 1845, in Derry, N.H. He graduated from 
 the Dartmouth college in 1868 ; and in 1873 from the Theological 
 seminary of Nashotah, Wis. He is an eminent clergyman, and 
 founder of the McMurphy home school of Racine, Wis. He is a 
 well-known writer and translator of verse in several languages ; 
 and his writings appear in numerous standard collections. He 
 married Mary Lucy James in 1870, and resides with his family at 
 the homestead in Derry, N.H. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 263 
 
 McNutt, Samuel, farmer, educator, lawyer, journalist, state 
 senator, was born Nov. 21, 1825, in Ireland, of Scotch origin. His 
 boyhood was spent on a farm in Delaware ; and he was educated 
 at the Delaware college. He then engaged in educational work; 
 and was elected president of the New Castle county teachers' 
 association. In 1851 he began the practice of law in Milwaukee, 
 Wis. In 1852 he was professor of the Male seminary of Hernando, 
 Miss., and in 1856 was principal of the public school of Muscatine, 
 Iowa. The same year he was editor of the Times-Inquirer ; during 
 1856-59 was associate editor of the Dubuque Herald; and in 1861 
 became editor of the Dubuque Daily Union. From 1864 he served 
 six years as a representative in the Iowa state legislature; and 
 during 1870-74 served as a state senator. In 1884 he was a mem- 
 ber of the farmers' national congress, and in 1890 was appointed 
 United States consul to Maracaibo, Venezuela; and resides in 
 Muscatine, Iowa. 
 
 McPherson, Smith, judge United States district court for 
 Iowa, was born Feb. 14, 1848, in Morgan county, Ind. He re- 
 ceived the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his 
 native state ; attended the academy of Mooresville, Ind. ; and grad- 
 uated from the Iowa state university. In 1874-80 he was state 
 district attorney for the third district of Iowa; and in 1881-85 was 
 attorney-general of Iowa. In 1899-1900 he was a member of con- 
 gress from Iowa; and was a member of several important com- 
 mittees. Since 1900 he has been United States district judge for 
 the southern district of Iowa ; and resides in Red Oak, Iowa. ^ 
 
 McWhirter, Felix T., member prohibition national committee 
 for Indiana, was born July 17, 1853, in Lynchburg, Tenn. In 1873 
 he graduated from the East Tennessee Wesleyan university, now 
 know nas the Grant memorial university ; and received the degree 
 of A.M. from that institution. He then took a post-graduate 
 course in the De Pauw university, receiving the degree of Ph.D. ; 
 and consequently attended the Johns Hopkins university. In 
 1884-88 he was professor of English literature at De Pauw uni- 
 versity. In 1888-1900 he was a real estate broker of Indianapo- 
 lis, Ind. ; and since 1900 has been president of the Peoples state 
 bank of Indianapolis. In 1893-94 and 1896-98 he was chairman 
 of the Indiana state prohibition committee ; and now treasurer of 
 the national prohibition committee. Since 1892 he has been a 
 member of the national prohibition committee for Indiana, 
 and is now serving his term of 1908-10; and resides in Indian- 
 apolis, Ind. 
 
 McWhorter, Henry Clay, associate justice state supreme court 
 of West Virginia, was born Feb. 20, 1836, in Marion county, Ohio. 
 In 1861-63 he was captain in the union army; and resigned on 
 
264 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 account of wounds. In 1863-65 he was chief clerk in the provost 
 marshal's enrollment office. In 1866 he began the practice of law; 
 and served four terms as a representative in the West Virginia 
 state legislature. In 1869-73 he was prosecuting attorney; and 
 was again a representative in the West Virginia state legislature 
 in 1885 and in 1887. In 1891-93 he was postmaster of Charleston, 
 W.Va. Since 1897 he has been judge of the supreme court of ap- 
 peals of West Virginia, and presiding judge since 1903; and 
 resides in Charleston, W.Va. 
 
 McWillie, Thomas Anderson, lawyer, state legislator, was born 
 July 18, 1819, in Kirkwood, Miss. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools ; and at the university of Mississippi. In 1875 he was 
 admitted to the practice of law ; and is now a practicing attorney 
 of Jackson, Miss. In 1880-81 he was a member of the Mississippi 
 house of representatives ; and since 1875 has been reporter to the 
 supreme court of Mississippi. In 1896-1904 he was a trustee of 
 the deaf and dumb institute of Mississippi. He is a general at- 
 torney and a director of the Alabama and Vicksburg railroad 
 company; local attorney of the Gulf and Ship Island railroad com- 
 pany ; attorney and director of the Delta development company ; 
 and state attorney of the Pullman company. 
 
 Mead, Albert E., governor of the state of Washington, was 
 born Dec. 14, 1861, in Manhattan, Kan. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Kansas, Illinois, and Iowa; attended the South- 
 ern Illinois normal university ; and graduated from the Chicago 
 Union college of law. He has twice been prosecuting attorney of 
 Whatcom county, Wash. ; and practiced law in Bellingham, Wash. 
 In 1889 he was a delegate to the first state convention of Wash- 
 ington ; and in 1893 was a representative in the Washington state 
 legislature. He is the governor of the state of Washington for 
 the term of 1905-09 ; and resides in Olympia, Wash. 
 
 Mead, Elizabeth Storrs, educated, college president, was born 
 in 1832 in Conway, Mass. She was educated in the common 
 schools and at the seminary of Ipswich, Mass. She has received 
 the degrees of M.A. from Oberlin college and L.H.D. from Smith 
 college. For one year she taught in the high school of North- 
 ampton, Mass. For two years she taught in Oberlin college ; and 
 for six years taught at Abbott academy of Andover, Mass. For 
 six years she conducted a family school with a sister at Andover, 
 Mass. In 1890-1900 she was president of Mount Holyoke college. 
 She is the wife of the late Reverend Hiram Mead. 
 
 Meldrim, Peter W., general Georgia national guard, was born 
 Dec. 4, 1848, in Savannah, Ga. He received the rudiments of his 
 education in the public schools, atended the Chatham academy; 
 and graduated from the university of Georgia with the degrees 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 265 
 
 of A.B. and A.M. He has been mayor of his native city ; a mem- 
 ber of the Georgia state legislature ; and served with distinction 
 as a member of the state senate. He is a member of the board of 
 trustees of the university of Georgia ; and president of the Georgia 
 state bar association. He is president of the alumni society of the 
 university of Georgia; and is prominent in the public affairs of 
 his city, county and state. He is colonel and brevet brigadier- 
 general of the first cavalry Georgia national guard; and resides 
 in Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Mell, Patrick Hues, president Clemson agricultural college of 
 South Carolina, was born May 24, 1850, in Penfield, Ga. In 1871 
 he graduated from the university of Georgia ; took post-graduate 
 work; and has received the degrees of A.B., M.E., Ph.D. and 
 LL.D. In 1874-77 he was state chemist of Georgia ; and in 1878- 
 1902 was professor of geology and botany at the Alabama poly- 
 technic institute. In 1884-93 he was director of the Alabama 
 weather service; and in 1898-1902 was director of the Alabama 
 agricultural experiment station. He is the author of Wild Grasses 
 of Alabama ; Botanical Laboratory Guide ; and other works. He 
 invented a system of weather signals now used by the United 
 States weather bureau. Since 1902 he has been president of Clem- 
 son agricultural college of South Carolina. 
 
 Melville, Henry, soldier, lawyer, author, was born Aug. 25, 
 1858, in Nelson, N.H. He was associated with Roscoe Conkling 
 until the latter 's death. In 1898 he was captain of company A, 
 eighth regiment New York volunteers in service during the war 
 with Spain. He is president of the New York state board of man- 
 agers of reformatories, having in charge the institutions at El- 
 mira and Napanock. He is the author of Ancestry of John Whit- 
 ney. 
 
 Mercer, Alfred Clifford, physician, author, was born July 5, 
 1855, in Syracuse, N.Y. In 1878 he graduated from Syracuse uni- 
 versity with the degree of M.D. ; in 1878-80 he was a post-graduate 
 at St. Thomas's hospital of London, England; and was also a 
 student at Great Ormond street hospital for sick children at 
 Syracuse, N.Y. In 1893-1904 he was professor of clinical pedi- 
 atrics ; and since 1904 has been professor of pediatrics at Syra- 
 cuse university. In 1896 he was president of the American micro- 
 scopic society. He is the author of An Experimental Study of 
 Aperture as a Factor in Microscopic Vision ; and other works. 
 
 Mercer, David Henry, lawyer, congressman, was born July 9, 
 1857, in Benton county, Iowa. He studied law one year and then 
 entered the senior class of the law department of Michigan state 
 university, graduating in 1882, after which he returned to Brown- 
 ville to practice his profession. He served one term as city clerk 
 
266 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and police judge ; and was twice elected secretary of the repub- 
 lican state central committee. He moved to Omaha in 1885 and 
 for several years was chairman of the republican city and county 
 committees ; and was elected secretary of the national republican 
 congressional committee in 1896. In 1893-1903 he was a repre- 
 sentative in the fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses and re- 
 elected to the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh congresses 
 as a republican. 
 
 Mercur, Rodney Augustus, lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 29, 
 1851, in Towanda, Pa. He graduated from Phillips Exeter acad- 
 emy and from Harvard university. In 1875 he began the practice 
 of law ; and in 1877-79 was register in bankruptcy for the western 
 district of Pennsylvania. He is director of the Towanda gas com- 
 pany ; director of the Towanda cemetery association ; and a trus- 
 tee of the Robert Packer hospital of Sayre, Pa. He was commis- 
 sioner from Pennsylvania to the World's Columbian exposition; 
 and in 1904 was United States delegate to the universal congress 
 of lawyer and jurists. 
 
 Meserve, Charles Francis, educator, lecturer, college president, 
 was born July 15, 1850, in North Abington, Mass. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 town; attended the classical institute of Waterville, Maine; and 
 in 1877 graduated from Colby university, from which institution 
 he has received the degree of A.B., A.M. and LL.D. In 1877-85 
 he was principal of the high school at Rockland, Mass. ; in 1885- 
 88 was principal of the Oak street school at Springfield, Mass. ; 
 and in 1889-94 was superintendent of Haskell institute of the 
 United States Indian industrial training school at Lawrence, 
 Kan. Since 1894 he has been president of Shaw university of 
 Raleigh, N.C. He has lectured extensively on Negro and Indian 
 problems; and in 1896 was agent for the national Indian rights 
 association. 
 
 Merritt, Hulett Clinton, railroad president, financier, was born 
 Aug. 17, 1872, in Duluth, Minn. He is a stockholder of the United 
 States steel corporation ; and is president of several gas and elec- 
 tric light power plants. He is president and treasurer of the 
 Santa Barbara consolidated railroad company; president and 
 treasurer of the Merritt banking and mercantile company ; and is 
 president of other mercantile, banking and financial corporations, 
 
 Metcalf, Edwin D., manufacturer, railroad president, was born 
 March 4, 1848, in Smithfield, R.I. He is president of the Colum- 
 bian rope company ; is president of the Auburn and northern rail- 
 road ; and president and director of various other corporations. 
 He has been mayor of Springfield, Mass. ; was a representative in 
 the Massachusetts state legislature; and a member of the state 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 267 
 
 senate. For three years he was on the staff of Governor George 
 D. Robinson; and was assistant quartermaster-general Massachu- 
 setts volunteers. 
 
 Metcalfe, Henry, captain United States army, educator, author, 
 was born Oct. 29, 1847, in New York city. He was an instructor 
 of ordnance at West Point; has published The Cost of Manufac- 
 tures; and Ordnance and Gunnery. 
 
 Metzger, M. C, vice-president state board of pharmacy of Illi- 
 nois, was born June 9, 1855, in Bridgeport, N.Y. He is a success- 
 ful druggist and business man of Cairo, 111. ; and prominently 
 identified with the business and public affairs of that city. He is 
 a member of the state board of pharmacy of Illinois and vice-presi- 
 dent in ] 901-07; and resides in Cairo. 
 
 Michener, Louis Theodore, lawyer, government official, was 
 born Dec. 21, 1848, in Lafayette county, Ind. He was educated in 
 public schools of La Fayette county, Ind. ; and in 1867-68 was a 
 student of the college at Brookville, Ind. He studied law; and in 
 1871 was admitted to practice. In 1883 he was a delegate to the 
 national educational convention at Louisville, Ky. ; and in 1884 
 was a delegate to the national republican convention at Chicago, 
 111. In 1884-92 he was political manager of General Benjamin 
 Harrison. In 1884-86 he was secretary of the republican state 
 committee of Indiana. In 1890 he was chairman of the state 
 republican committee of Indiana. 
 
 Mickle, William English, adjutant-general United confederate 
 veterans, was born Oct. 31, 1846, in Columbia, S.C. In 1864 he 
 left school to enlist in company A, third regiment Alabama in- 
 fantry of the army of Northern Virginia ; was severely wounded 
 at the battle of Cedar Creek ; and was retired for disability from 
 wounds. He then taught school; became principal of the Boys' 
 senior grammar school of Mobile, Ala. ; and subsequently engaged 
 in business in that city. For several years he has been pension 
 examiner of Alabama. In 1873-80 he was secretary of the agri- 
 cultural, mechanical and horticultural association of Mobile ; and 
 in 1880-84 was secretary of the Mobile fair association ; and resides 
 in Mobile, Ala. 
 
 Millard, Frank Bailey, editor, author, was born Oct. 2, 1859, in 
 Markesan, Wis. He was educated in the state normal school at 
 Mankato, Minn. He was literary editor of the San Francisco 
 Examiner; and is now editor of the Cosmopolitan Magazine of 
 New York City. He is the author of The Lure of Gold; Peter 
 Oak ; She of the West ; and Songs of the Press. 
 
 Miller, Charles Augustine, printer, legislator, was born June 
 28, 1850, in Harirsburg, Pa. He received the rudiments of his 
 education in the public schools ; attended the Harisburg institute ; 
 
268 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the Harrisburg academy and also St. Charles college of Ellicott 
 City, Md. He has been a member of the Harrisburg select and 
 common councils, has been president of the common council ; and 
 in 1885 was elected a member of the Pennsylvania house of rep- 
 resentatives. He is now city clerk of Harrisburg, Pa. ; and takes 
 a prominent part in the public affairs of his city, county and 
 state. 
 
 Miller, Daniel McLaw, physician, surgeon. In 1856 he gradu- 
 ated from the college of physicians and surgeons of New York 
 city. He has been president of the Waukesha county medical 
 society; and is a member of the American medical association 
 and other medical societies. He has attained success in his pro- 
 fession at Oconomowoc, Wis. ; and is medical examiner of the 
 New York and Northwestern mutual life insurance companies. 
 
 Miller, James Henry, judge circuit court of West Virginia, was 
 born Dec. 29, in Greenbrier county, Va. For sixteen years he was 
 prosecuting attorney. In 1900-01 he was chairman of the state 
 democratic committee. In 1902 he was democratic candidate for 
 congress. In 1901 he became judge of the ninth judicial circuit 
 court of West Virginia ; and resides in Hinton, W.Va. 
 
 Miller, Hugh J., lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 31, 1866, in 
 Genoa, Minn. He received a liberal education in the public school ; 
 was engaged in educational work for five years ; and subsequently 
 graduated from the university of Michigan with the degree of 
 LL.B. He has attained success as a lawyer in Livingston, Mont. ; 
 has been county attorney of Park county during 1891-94 ; and has 
 held various other public positions of trust. On April 19, 1897. 
 Gov. Robert B. Smith apointed him judge advocate of Montana, 
 with the rank of major, on his official staff. 
 
 Miller, Thomas Condit, principal Shepherd college state nor- 
 mal school, was born July 19, 1848, in Fairmont, Va., now W.Va. 
 He was educated at the Fairmont academy; studied in the Fair- 
 mont normal school ; and graduated from Adrian college of Michi- 
 gan. For four years he taught in country schools; for twenty- 
 two years was principal of Fairmont high school ; for eight years 
 was professor in the West Virginia university; and for eight 
 years served as state superintendent of schools. In 1901-09 he 
 was state superintendent of public schools of West Virginia ; and 
 since 1909 has been principal of the Shepherd college state normal 
 school of Shepherdstown, W.Va. 
 
 Miller, William G., state representative of New York, was 
 born Feb. 2, 1853, in village of Brookhaven. Suffolk county, N.Y. 
 He was educated in the district schools of his native state and 
 under private tutors. He is interested in real estate, a successful 
 builder and general contractor of Freeport, N.Y. ; and prominent- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 269 
 
 ly identified with the business and public affairs of that city. For 
 seven terms he was president of the village of Freeport ; president 
 of insurance company ; director of Freeport bank ; director of the 
 Bushwick bank of Brooklyn, N.Y. ; and director in various other 
 banks and corporations. Since 1904 he has been a representative 
 in the New York state legislature ; and resides in Freeport, N.Y. 
 
 Millet, Joshua Howard, lawyer, legislator, manufacurer, found- 
 er, was born March 17, 1842, in Cherryfield, Maine. He was edu- 
 cated at Hebron academy and Colby college ; and has received the 
 degrees of A.B., and A.M. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar; 
 practiced in state and federal courts of Massachusetts; and in 
 1884 was admitted to the United States supreme court. He has 
 held various municipal offices in Maiden, Mass. ; and in 1884-85 
 was a member of the Massachusetts state legislature. He is con- 
 nected with many charitable and social organizations. He is pres- 
 ident of the Crosby steam gauge and valve company, a Massachu- 
 setts manufacturing corporation with stores in Boston, New 
 York, Chicago and London; and resides in Maiden, Mass. 
 
 Mills, Darius Ogden, banker, financier, philanthropist, was 
 born Sept. 25, 1825, in North Salem, N.Y. In 1849 he went to Cali- 
 fornia; became a merchant and dealer in exchanges in Sacra- 
 mento ; founded the bank of D. 0. Mills and company, still the 
 leading bank there. For many years he was president of the bank 
 of California, in San Francisco, and placed that institution on a 
 sound basis. Since 1880 he has been prominently identified with 
 financial and philanthropic enterprises of New York city ; has in- 
 vested largely in real estate there; and is a director in eighteen 
 large New York corporations ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 Mills, Edmund Mead, clergyman, founder, author, was born 
 July 17, 1848, in Ottawa, Canada. He received the rudiments of 
 his education in the public schools of California ; graduated from 
 Wesleyan university ; and has received the degrees of A.B., A.M., 
 D.D., and Ph.D. He has filled pastorates at Penn Yan, Ithaca, 
 Syracuse and Elmira ; and was presiding elder in 1896-99. He 
 built Brown memorial church of Syracuse and built First church 
 of Elmira, N.Y. In 1899 he was appointed secretary to the twen- 
 tieth century thank offering fund and as such officer traveled in 
 every state but four and every territory but one, and raised over 
 twenty million dolars. He was secretary of his conference for 
 twelve years; and in 1896-1900 was vice-president of Epworth 
 league. Since 1888 he has been a delegate to all the general con- 
 ferences of the methodist episcopal church ; and in 1905 was pre- 
 siding elder of the Geneva district of the central New York con- 
 ference. He is an expert in rose culture. He is the author of As 
 He Thinketh ; and Only a Profession ; and Other Sermons. 
 
270 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Mires, Austin, lawyer, public official, was born Feb. 11, 1852, 
 in Des Moines county, Iowa. In 1853 he crossed the plains with 
 his parents, and resided in Douglas county, Ore., until 1873. He 
 graduated from the law department of the university of Michigan, 
 with the degree of LL.B. For many years he taught school ; was 
 mail agent for three years; and served as chief clerk of the Ore- 
 gon state senate. Since 1883 he has been engaged in the practice 
 of law at Ellensburg, Wash. ; has been mayor of that city, city 
 treasurer, and city attorney. He was a delegate from his county 
 to the constitutional convention that framed the constitution for 
 the state of Washington. For three years he was a member of 
 the state board of equalization and appeals ; and for seven years 
 was vice-president of the Ellensburg National bank ; and resides 
 in Ellensburg, Wash. 
 
 Mitchell, Asahel W., business man, state senator, was born 
 Oct. 16, 1865, in Woodbury, Conn. He was educated at the Par- 
 ker academy of Woodbury, Conn. He is superintendent of the 
 Woodbury water company; and prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of his native city. Since 1895 he has 
 been town clerk; in 1897-98 was a representative in the Connecti- 
 cut state legislature; and in 1899-1900 was a member of the Con- 
 necticut state senate. He was comptroller of Connecticut for the 
 term of 1905-06; and resides in Woodbury, Conn. 
 
 Mitchell, James Tyndale, chief-justice state supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania, was born Nov. 9, 1834, in Belleville, 111. He grad- 
 uated from Harvard university and the university of Pennsyl- 
 vania law school. During 1862-87 he was editor-in-chief of the 
 American Law Register; in 1871-88 was judge of district court 
 at Philadelphia; and since 1889 has been justice of the supreme 
 court of Pennsylvania. He is provost of the law academy of Phil- 
 adelphia ; and president of the council of the Pennsylvania his- 
 torical society. He is the author of A History of the District 
 Court; Mitchell on Motions and Rules; and other Avorks. In 
 1889-1903 he was associate-justice and since 1903 has been chief 
 justice of Pennsylvania for the term of 1903-10 ; and resides in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Moffat, James David, clergyman, college president, was born 
 March 15, 1846, in New Lisbon, Ohio. In 1871-82 he was pastor 
 of the second Presbyterian church at Wheeling, W.Va. In 1893- 
 1906 he was assistant editor of the Presbyterian Banner. Since 
 1882 he has been president of Washington Jefferson College at 
 Washington, Pa., and in 1905-06 was Moderator of the General 
 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 
 Malone, Dana, attorney-general for the state of Massachusetts, 
 was born Oct. 8, 1857, in New York. He was educated in the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 271 
 
 public schools of Massachusetts ; and at the Harvard law school. 
 He soon attained success at the bar ; for six years was trial justice 
 of Franklin county, Mass., and for six years was district attorney 
 for the northwestern district of Massachusetts. For two years 
 he was a member of the house of the state legislature ; for two 
 years was a member of the Massachusetts state senate; and was 
 chairman of the judiciary committee of both branches. He is 
 attol*ney-getoeral for the state of Massachusetts; is now serving 
 his fifth term of 1910-11; and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mondell, Frank Wheeler, congressman, was born Nov. 5, 1860, 
 in St. Louis, Mo. He is a successful discoverer, developer, and 
 manager of extensive coal interests at Newcastle, Wyo., of which 
 city he has served five times as mayor. He attended the local 
 district schools of Iowa; and received instruction in the higher 
 branches from a private tutor. He engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits and in railway construction in various western states and 
 territories; and settled in Wyoming in 1887. He was elected 
 mayor of the new town of Newcastle in 1888, and served until 
 1895. He was elected a member of the first state senate in 1890 ; 
 and served as president of that body at the session of 1892. He 
 was a delegate to the republican national convention at Minne- 
 apolis in 1892. In 1897 he was appointed assistant commissioner 
 of the general land office. In 1885-87 and 1899-1911 he was a 
 representative from Wyoming to the forty-ninth, fifty-first, fifty- 
 second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-sev- 
 enth, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses. 
 
 Montgomery, Edmund Duncan, physician, biologist, author, 
 was born March 19, 1835, in Scotland. He was educated in the 
 university of Heidelberg; at Berlin, Bonn, and Wurzburg; and 
 in 1858 graduated from the university of Prague as M.D. In 
 1859 he graduated from the university of Vienna ; and in 1861 
 became a member of the Royal college of physicians of London, 
 England. In 1860-61 was resident physician of the German hos- 
 pital of London. In 1861-62 was medical attendant at Bermond- 
 sey dispensary and at the poor district; and in 1861-64 was path- 
 ologist of St. Thomas' hospital of London, England. In 1865-70 
 he practiced medicne in Madeira, Mentone and Rome ; and since 
 1872 has practiced his profession at Hempsead, Texas. He has 
 been extensively engaged in original investigations in biology 
 and philosophy, particularly in regard to the vital functions of an 
 organization of the living substance, protoplasm, and the biolog- 
 ical explanation of philosophical problems. He is the author of 
 Refutation of Kantean Theory of Knowledge ; and other medical 
 Monographs. 
 
272 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Montgomery, J. T., vice-president Illinois board of agriculture, 
 was born in Greenfield, Mo. He is a successful physician of 
 Charleston, 111. ; and a prominent member of the republican party. 
 This noted physician has made a specialty of surgery; is local 
 physician for the Big Four railway and for the Mattoon city rail- 
 way; and for twelve years has conducted the Charleston sani- 
 tarium, a private general hospital. For twenty-one years he has 
 been a member of the board of education of his home town, of 
 which he is now president. Since 1897 he has been a member of 
 the library board. He is vice-president of the Illinois board of 
 agriculture ; is now serving his third term of 1908-10 ; and resides 
 in Charleston, 111. 
 
 Montgomery, John Alexander, consulting engineer of Ala- 
 bama, was born Aug. 30, 1851, in Lewisburg, Va. He has been 
 division enginer of the C. and 0. railroad ; director and construct- 
 ing engineer to the Georgia Pacific railroad ; president of the M. 
 L. Coal and Railroad company ; receiver of the Birmingham Pow- 
 derly and Bessemer railroad ; chief engineer of the Birmingham 
 and Atlantic railroad; president of the Leeds company ; vice-pres- 
 ident Leeds Improvement company, and is now an eminent con- 
 sulting engineer of Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Montgomery, Thomas Lynch, state librarian of Pennsylvania, 
 was born March 4, 1862, in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. He 
 was educated at the Episcopal academy ; and at the university of 
 Pennsylvania. In 1886-1903 he was actuary and librarian to the 
 Wagner free institute of science; and since 1903 has been state 
 librarian of Pennsylvania. He is a trustee of the free library of 
 Philadelphia; a life member of the Historical society of Penn- 
 sylvania ; a life member of the American library association ; an 
 honorary member of the Wyoming historical and geological so- 
 ciety; and the Dauphin county historical society. He is state 
 librarian of Pennsylvania for the term of 1903-10. He is a trus- 
 tee of the Free library of Philadelphia ; and a life member of the 
 Historical society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Montgomery, Thomas McBurney, conveyancer, real estate 
 broker, was born Nov. 26, 1831, in Philadelphia, Pa. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in private and public and gram- 
 mar schools ; and in 1849 graduated from the Central high school 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. He has devoted himself exclusively to the 
 profession of conveyancer and real estate law in the firm of Lu- 
 kens and Montgomery, which firm continued for forty-seven years 
 until the death of Mr. Lukens in 1901; and since that time the. 
 business has been conducted under the name of the junior part- 
 ner, Thomas M. Montgomery. For many years he was a director 
 of the Kensington national bank; and is now a member of ths 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 273 
 
 board of managers of the Real Estate, Title Insurance and Trust 
 company, which is the first one of these companies ever organ- 
 ized in the United States ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Montoya, Nestor, member territorial council of New Mexico, 
 was born April 14, 1860, in Albuquerque, N.M. He was educated 
 at St. Michaels college of Santa Fe, N.M. He is a distinguished 
 linguist ; and editor of La Bandera Americana, a weekly Spanish 
 paper published in Albluquerque, N.M. In 1903-04 was speaker 
 of the house of representatives in the thirty-fifth territorial leg- 
 islative assembly ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust 
 and honor. In 1905 he became a member of the territorial coun- 
 cil of New Mexico for Bernalillo county; and resides in Albu- 
 querque, N.M. 
 
 Moody, Gideon C, soldier, lawyer, jurist, United States sena- 
 tor, was born Oct. 16, 1832, in Cortland, N.Y. He moved to Da- 
 kota in 1864 ; was a member of the house of representaives of 
 Dakota territory in 1867-69, and in 1874 ; and was speaker of the 
 house in 1868-69 and in 1874. He was appointed associate justice 
 of the supreme court of Dakota territory in 1878, and served as 
 such until April 1, 1883. He was elected by the legislature which 
 assembled under the constitution of 1885 as one of the United 
 States senators for the state of South Dakota; was again elected 
 one of the United States senators for the state of South Dakota 
 in 1889, under the provisions of the act of congress admitting 
 South Dakota and other states into the union. He took his seat 
 Dec. 2, 1889 ; his term of service expired March 3, 1891. 
 
 Moody, Malcolm Adelbert, merchant, banker, congressman, 
 was born Nov. 30, 1854, in Brownsville, Ore. He entered business 
 at The Dalles with his father, Zenas F. Moody, a former governor 
 of Oregon. In 1887 the mercantile business was merged into the 
 Dalles national bank, of which he was elected cashier. In 1885-89 
 he was a member of the city council of The Dalles ; and in 1889 
 was elected mayor, serving two terms. In 1899-1902 he was a 
 representative from Oregon to the fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh 
 congresses as a republican. 
 
 Moody, William Lewis, soldier, merchant, state legislator, was 
 born May 19, 1828, in Essex county, Va. In 1866 he removed to 
 Galveston and enterd the cotton factorage business, his firm now 
 being "W. L. Moody and company. He was president of the Gal- 
 veston cotton exchange for thirten years. In 1874 he was elected 
 a represntative to the Texas legislature and during the same ses- 
 sion became finacial agent for Texas, for the sale of its bonds, 
 and as such sucessfully negotiated the loan; and resides in Gal- 
 veston, Tex. 
 
274 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Moorhead, John, manufacturer, business president, was born 
 April 28, 1859, in Pitsburg, Pa. He was prepared for college at 
 Western university, and at Phillips academy of Andover, Mass.; 
 and in 1880 graduated from Yale university. He became a part- 
 ner of Moorehead brothers and company, manufacturers of iron 
 and steel; and he is now president of that corporation. He has 
 been proimnently identified with various business interests of 
 Pittsburg, Pa. ; and director of the Exchange national bank and 
 other corporations. He is a member of the academy of science 
 and arts; and a member of the leading clubs and societies. For 
 many years he has been a guarantor of the Pittsburg orchestra; 
 and has always been interested in the business and public wel- 
 fare of his city and state ; and resides in Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 Moot, Adelbert, lawyer, state comimssioner, was born Nov. 
 22, 1854, in Allen, N.Y. He was educated in the common high 
 and state normal schools ; and in 1876 graduated from the Albany 
 law school. Since 1879 he has been in the active practice of law 
 at Nunda and Buffalo, N.Y. ; and is now senior member of the 
 law firm of Moot, Sprague, Brownell and Marcy. He has been 
 president of the unitarian conference for the middle states and 
 Canada ; and is now one of five commissioners to revise and con- 
 solidate the statutes of New York state. 
 
 Morehead, John Motley, manufacturer, was born July 20, 
 1866, in Charlotte, N.C. He was educated in the primary schools 
 of his native city; and at the Bingham military school of North 
 Carolina. In 1886 graduated from the university of North Caro- 
 lina with the degree of A.B. ; and took a business course in Bryant 
 and Stratton business college of Baltimore, Md. He was a buyer 
 and dealer in leaf tobacco at Durham, N.C. ; and is owner of the 
 Phifer farm in Cabarrus county, N.C. He is vice-president of the 
 Leaksville woolen mills at Spray, N.C. ; and is interested in man- 
 ufacturing and farming. In 1909-11 he was a representative from 
 North Carolina to the sixty-first congress as a republican. 
 
 Morey, William Carey, soldier, educator, author, was born 
 May 23, 1843, in North Attleborough, Mass. In the civil war he 
 served as lieutenant colonel. He is a noted educator of Roches- 
 ter, N.Y. He is the author of Rome and the Provinces ; govern- 
 ment of New York ; and Outlines of Ancient History. 
 
 Morgan, Charles Hill, manufacturer, mechanical engineer, 
 was born in January, 1831, in Rochester, N.Y. Since 1887 he has 
 been president of the Morgan construction company ; and is pres- 
 ident of the Morgan spring and wire company. He is president 
 of the American society of mechanical engineers ; and is director 
 of the First national bank of Worcester, Mass, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 275 
 
 Morgan, Daniel Nash, merchant, banker, statesman, was born 
 Aug. 18, 1844, in Newtown, Conn. In 1869-80 he was engaged in 
 the dry goods and carpet business in Bridgeport ; and in 1879-93 
 was president of the City national bank of Bridgeport, Conn. 
 For ten years he was president of the Mechanics' and farmers' 
 savings bank of Bridgeport, Conn. ; and since 1907 has been pres- 
 ident of the United States trust company at Washington, D.C. In 
 1880-84 he was mayor of Bridgeport, Conn. ; in 1883 was a mem- 
 ber of the Connecticut state legislature ; and in 1885-86 and 1893 
 was a member of the state senate. In 1893-97 he was treasurer 
 of the United States; in 1898 was a candidate for governor of 
 Connecticut; and in 1899 was a candidate for the United States 
 senate. 
 
 Morgan, Morris Hicky, educator, author, was born Feb. 8, 
 1859, in Providence, R.I. He is a professor of classical philology 
 at Harvard university. He is the author of De ignis eliciendi 
 modis apud antiquos; Dictionary to Xenophon's Anabasis; and 
 The Art of Horsemanship by Xenophon, a translation with Essays 
 and Notes. 
 
 Morley, John Henry, clergyman, college president, author, 
 was born Jan. 3, 1840, in Hartford, Conn. In 1863 he graduated 
 from Wililams college ; in 1866 from Andover theological semi- 
 nary; and has received the degrees of A.M. and LL.D. In 1867 
 he was ordained to the congregational ministry. In 1866-76 he 
 filled pastorates in Magnolia and Sioux City, Iowa ; in 1876-83 in 
 Winona, Minn. ; and in 1883-84 in St. Paul, Minn. In 1884-99 he 
 was superintendent of the American home missionary society for 
 Minnesota ; and in 1900-06 was president of Fargo college of North 
 Dakota. He is now pastor of the Congregational church at 
 Springfield, Ct. He is a trustee of Carleton college, Windom in- 
 stitute, Chicago theological seminary and Fargo college. He is 
 the author of several published pamphlets. 
 
 Morris, Freeman P., lawyer, legislator, was born March 19, 
 1854, in Cook county, 111. He received his education in the Blue 
 Island High school, the Cook County Normal school, and the 
 Northwestern university. He is a prominent lawyer of Watseka, 
 111., where for many years he has been president of the board of 
 education. He has been a member of the thirty-fourth, thirty- 
 sixth, thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, and fortieth general assemblies 
 of he Illinois state legislature, and served as chairman of the 
 joint and house caucus for three sessions. He was a delegate to 
 the democratic national convention in 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1908; 
 and was a member of the Illinois National guard, with rank of 
 colonel. 
 
276 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Morris, James Cheston, physician, author, was born May 28, 
 1831, in Philadelphia, Pa. He is a Philadelphia physician; and 
 is now curator of the American philosophical society. He is the 
 author of The Milk Supply of Large Cities; The "Water Supply 
 of Philadelphia; Pathology of Influenza; and other works. 
 
 Morris, Robert Tuttle, physician, surgeon, scientist, author, 
 was born May 14, 1857, in Seymour, Conn. He was educated in 
 Cornell university ; graduated in biological course in the class of 
 1880 ; received the honorary degree of A.M. from Centre college 
 of Kentucky; and in 1882 graduated with the degree of M.D. 
 from the medical department of Columbia university. Since 1882 
 he has been engaged in the practice of medicine ; and is professor 
 of surgery in the New York postgraduate medical school and 
 hospital surgeon, and also visiting surgeon to the same institu- 
 tion. He is a fellow of the New York academy of medicine and 
 of the American association of obstetricians and gynecologists. 
 He is the author of various books and Monographs on surgical 
 topics. 
 
 Morrison, Robert George, lawyer, statesman, was born July 
 31, 1860, at Blairs Mills, Huntingdon county, Pa. He received 
 his education in the common and high schools ; and attended the 
 Iowa state university, from which institution he received the de- 
 grees of A.B., LL.B., and A.M. He has achieved success in the 
 practice of law ; is one of the foremost members of the bar of Min- 
 nesota; and has a large practice in Minneapolis. He has filled 
 several offices of trust, and takes quite a little interest in political 
 affairs. 
 
 Morrison, William Shannon, professor Clemson college of 
 South Carolina, was born April 7, 1853, in Winnsboro, S.C. He 
 was educated in private schools; at Mount Zion institute of 
 Winnsboro; and at Wofford college of Spartanburg, S.C. For 
 seven years he was principal of the high schools at Wellford, 
 S.C; organized and for two years was superintendent of city 
 schools at Spartanburg, S.C. ; and organized and for seven years 
 was superintendent of city schools at Greenville, S.C. Since its 
 opening in 1893 he has been professor of history and political 
 economy at Clemson college, S.C. 
 
 Morse, Waldo Grant, lawyer, counsel, was born March 13, 
 1859, in Rochester, N.Y. For two years he attended the univer- 
 sity of Rochester ; spent two years in travel and reading ; and in 
 1884 was admitted to the practice of law. Since 1886 he has 
 practiced his profession in New York City. He was appointed 
 on the palisades commission by Governor Morton and drew up 
 the palisades national reservation bills which passed the New 
 York and New Jersey legislatures ; and drew up a congressional 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 277 
 
 bill. He was twice president of the Morse society of America; 
 counsel and director of the Darien and western railway company ; 
 vice-president and director of the State bank of Seneca Falls, 
 N.Y. ; and is a director of several corporations. 
 
 Morton, Charles, soldier, was born March 18, 1846, in Ohio. 
 In 1861-61 he served as a private soldier in the thirtenth and 
 twenty-fifth regiment Missouri infantry. In 1855 he graduated 
 from the United States military academy and was subsequently 
 promoted second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain, major, lieu- 
 enant-colonel and colonel. In 1907 he attained the rank of briga- 
 dier-general in the United States army. 
 
 Morton, Levi Parsons, vice-president of the United States, was 
 born May 16, 1821, in Shoreham, Vt. He received the degree of 
 LL.D. from Dartmouth college and also from Middlebury col- 
 lege. He established the wholesale dry goods commission house 
 of Morton and Grinnell in New York City; in 1863 went into 
 the banking business; and since 1899 he has been president 
 of the Morton trust company of New York city. In 1879-83 
 he was a member of the forty-sixth and forty-seventh 
 congresses ; and in 1881-85 he filled an important French mission. 
 He drove the first rivet in the Bartholdi statue of liberty in en- 
 lightening the world, and had the honor of accepting it for his 
 government. In 1889-93 he was vice-president of the United 
 States of America; and in 1895-97 was governor for the state of 
 New York. He is also president of the Fifth avenue trust com- 
 pany; and a director in a score of financial corporations. He is 
 president of the New York zoological society; and prominently 
 identified with various fraternal and patriotic societies. 
 
 Moser, William, physician, author, was born Aug. 2, 1868, in 
 New York City. In 1868 he received the degree of M.D. from 
 the university of New York ; and subsequently received the same 
 degree from the university of Berlin. Since 1892 he has been 
 engaged in medical practice at Brooklyn, N.Y. ; and is physician 
 to the German hospital; pathologist to the Deaconess hospital; 
 and attending physician to the St. Catharine's hospital dispen- 
 sary. He is a contributor to the New York Medical Record on 
 Physiology and anatomy of the blood ; and on pathological topics 
 in the New York and Philadelphia Medical Journals and also the 
 Brooklyn Medical Journal. 
 
 Moss, Albert Bartlett, chairman board Idaho insane asylum, 
 was born Nov. 29, 1849, in Belvidere, 111. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools of his native state. He is a successful 
 merchant and banker of Payette, Idaho ; and has filled numerous 
 positions of trust and honor. He is president of the First na- 
 tional bank of Payette, Idaho ; president Idaho implement and 
 
278 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 hardware dealers' association; treasurer Payette Valley rail- 
 road ; and president of the Moss mercantile company. He is also 
 president of the Bankers' association of Idaho; chairman of the 
 board Idaho insane asylum; and resides in Payette, Idaho. 
 
 Moulton, Benjamin P., president of the common council of 
 Providence, R.I., was born May 4, 1878, in Providence, R.I. He 
 was educated in the public schools ; and at the Bryant and Strat- 
 ton business college of Providence, R.I. He is a successful busi- 
 ness man; and is treasurer of the Remington printing company 
 of Providence. He is a member of the West Side club, the Pom- 
 ham club, the Central club, the Elmwood club, the Rhode Island 
 automobile club, the Motor league of Rhode Island; the Wanna- 
 moisett country club and the Westminster and Young Men's re- 
 publican clubs. For five terms he was a member and is now 
 president of the common council of the city of Providence for 
 the term of 1910-11 ; and resides in Providence, R.I. 
 
 Moulton, Frank Prescott, educator, author, was born June 11, 
 1851, in Parsonsfield, Maine. He has been a teacher since 1871; 
 and has taught in the Hartford high school since 1890. He is 
 the author of Preparatory Latin Composition; and Introductory 
 Latin. 
 
 Muhleman, Robert W., physician, surgeon, business man, was 
 born May 5, 1853, in Hannibal, Ohio. He attended the Baldwin 
 university of Berea, Ohio, and the Pulte Medical college of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. He is a successful physician and surgeon of Bel- 
 laire, Ohio. He has been superintendent of the Hannibal schools ; 
 president of the Crystal window glass company of Bellaire, Ohio ; 
 president of the Seal glass mandolin company; vice-president of 
 the Ohio Valley telephone company ; and resides in Bellaire, Ohio. 
 
 Muller, Carl Christian, musician, author, was born July 3, 
 1831, in Germany. He was leader of the orchestra at the old Bar- 
 num's museum; and since 1879 he has been professor of harmony 
 of the New York College of Music. He is the author of March 
 of the Crusaders; and nearly one hundred other musical compo- 
 sitions. 
 
 Mulvany, Peter, merchant, contractor, poet, was born Nov. 
 20, 1844, in Ireland. He is a successful merchant, hotel keeper, 
 railroad contractor and builder of Salida, Colo. For twelve years 
 he has been a director in the Salida Building and Loan associa- 
 tion. He is the author of a number of meritorious poems, and 
 has contributed etensively to the periodical press on educational 
 and other topics. 
 
 Mundy, Ezekiel Wilson, clergyman, librarian, genealogist, was 
 born June 16, 1833, in Metuchen, N.J. In 1860 he graduated from 
 the university of Rochester; in 1860-63 studied divinity in the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 279 
 
 Rochester theological seminary; and has received the degrees of 
 A.M. and Litt.D. Since 1880 he has been librarian of the public 
 library of Syracuse, N.Y. In 1863-66 he was pastor of the First 
 Baptist church of Syracuse, N.Y. ; in 1866-79 was pastor of the 
 Independent church; and in 1883-93 was rector of St. Marks 
 church. He is a member of the Onondaga historical society, 
 Onondaga genealogical society, New England historical genealog- 
 ical society and the American historical association. 
 
 Munson, John P., educator, author, was born Feb. 21, 1860, 
 in Norway. He received his early education in the public schools 
 of Illinois; in 1881 attended the Northwestern college; and in 
 
 1882 was a student at Milton college. In 1887 he graduated from 
 the university of Wisconsin with the degree of B.Sc; and sub- 
 sequently received the degree of M.Sc. from that instituion. He 
 also took graduate work, and received the degrees of Ph.D. from 
 Yale university and from the university of Chicago. He was a 
 teacher of English at the Lutheran normal school; a fellow of 
 zoology at the university of Chicago; and an honorary fellow of 
 biology at Clark university. He was an investigator of many 
 biological laboratories of Woods Hole, Mass. ; and was director 
 of zoology at the Seaside station of university of Minnesota. He 
 was collaborator of the American Journal of Anatomy and Nature 
 Study Review; and was professor of biology at the Washington 
 state normal school. He is the author of Education Through 
 Nature Study, and several scientific Monographs. 
 
 Munsterberg, Hugo, educator, author, was born June 1, 1863, 
 in Germany. Since 1892 he has been professor of psychology in 
 Harvard university. He is the author of Psychology and Life; 
 American Traits; The Americans; and other works. 
 
 Murdock, George John, inventor, poet, was born April 17, 
 1858, in New Berlin, N.Y. He began life as a school teacher ; and 
 then entered the banking business, holding responsible positions 
 with the Wilber national bank of Oneonta ; and the Susquehanna 
 valley bank of Binghampton, N.Y. He took up the study of en- 
 gineering and is now considered one of the pioneer electric light 
 inventors. He took out patents as early as 1881 ; and prior to 
 
 1883 had developed a complete electric light system including 
 dynamo, arc lamps, regulators and the enclosing globe for arc 
 lamps. He has discovered and made many improvements in 
 electro therapeutics, railway signals, bolt machinery, important 
 tools, instruments in scientific mechanics ; combustion engines ap- 
 paratus ; and hydraulics. He has invented the exhaust operative 
 pump and shoestruts. He has served as an organist in several 
 prominent churches; and has written a number of instrumental 
 compositions and songs. 
 
280 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Murphy, Robert S., soldier, public official, legislator, was born 
 April 15, 1840, in Paulding county, Ohio. In 1861 he enlisted as 
 a private in company E, thirtieth regiment Indiana volunteer in- 
 fantry; was continuously in the service, and participated in the 
 battle of Shiloh, the siege of Vicksburg, and numerous other en- 
 gagements until 1865; and was commissioned first lieutenant of 
 marines May 9, 1864. He has filled numerous public positions 
 of trust in Mandale, Ohio; has been justice of the peace and 
 county auditor; and was elected to the seventy-second general 
 assembly of the Ohio state legislature as a republican; and re- 
 sides in Mandale, Ohio. 
 
 Murray, David Rodman, soldier, lawyer, legislator, was born 
 March 13, 1847, in Cloverport, Ky. He graduated from the law 
 department of the university of Michigan. He served in the 
 union army as adjutant of the seventeenth regiment Kentucky 
 volunteer cavalry, and was mustered out in October, 1865, in 
 Louisville, Ky. ; and was subsequently acting assistant adjutant- 
 general of the second Kentucky brigade. During 1877-81 he 
 served with distinction as a state senator in the Kentucky legis- 
 lature. He is one of the leading lawyers of Kentucky; and re- 
 sides in Cloverport, Ky. 
 
 Nancrede, Charles Beylard Guerard de, professor of surgery, 
 university of Michigan, was born Dec. 30, 1847, in Philadelphia, 
 Pa. He was educated in private schools and at the university of 
 Pennsylvania, and graduated from the medical department of 
 that institution in 1869. He subsequently attended and gradu- 
 ated in medicine from the Jefferson medical college ; and has re- 
 ceived the degrees of A.M. and LL.D. He practiced his profes- 
 sion in Philadelphia and there held various medical chairs and 
 hospital appointments prior to his removal to Michigan in 1889. 
 He has been major and chief surgeon in the United States volun- 
 teers; chief surgeon of the third division of the second army 
 corps; and served with the fifth army corps in Cuba during the 
 Santiago campaign in the Spanish-American war. He was rec- 
 ommended for brevet lieutenant colonel for attending the 
 wounded under fire before Santiago in 1898. He is the author of 
 Essentials of Anatomy; Principles of Surgery; a contributor to 
 Woods Hand-book of the Medical Science ; to the Cyclopedia of 
 the Diseases of Chidlren ; to the American Text-book of Surgery ; 
 to the International Encyclopedia of Surgery; to Dennis's Sys- 
 tem of Surgery; to Parks System of Surgery, etc., besides con- 
 tributing numerous valuable articles to medical literature. Since 
 1889 he has been professor of surgery and clinical surgery and 
 surgeon to the university hospital in the university of Michigan ; 
 and resides in Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 281 
 
 Nassau, Robert Hamill, clergyman, missionary, author, was 
 born Oct. 11, 1835, near Philadelphia, Pa. He received the de- 
 grees of A.B. and A.M. from Princeton university. In 1859 grad- 
 uated from Princeton theological seminary; in 1861 received the 
 degree of M.D. from the university of Pennsylvania ; and in 1891 
 received the honorary degree of S.T.D. from the latter instituion. 
 He was ordained to the presbyterian ministry ; and in 1861-1906 
 was a missionary in Africa. He was a pioneer, eplorer, translator 
 and contributor to science ; sent large ethnological collections to 
 the university of Pennsylvania ; sent the first entire carcass of a 
 gorilla to the United States; and also sent the only perfect go- 
 rilla brains examined by anatomists up to 1897. He is the author 
 of Crowned in Palm Land ; Mawedo ; and Fetichism in West Af- 
 rica; and also grammar and bible translations in Bengo language 
 of West equatorial Africa. 
 
 Nelson, George Francis, clergyman, archdeacon, was born 
 Dec. 11, 1842, in Granville, Ohio. In 1859-61 he was a student 
 at Yale university ; and in 1871 graduated from the university of 
 Chicago with the degree of LL.B. In 1896 he received the degree 
 of D.D. from Trinity and St. Stephen's colleges. In 1862-67 he 
 was in the United States military service. In 1877 he was or- 
 dained deacon; and in 1879 was ordained priest. In 1877-79 he 
 as an assistant of St. Andrew's church of Philadelphia, Pa., in 
 1879-85 was an assistant of Grace church in New York City; in 
 1881-83 was director of the church of the Nativity of New York 
 City ; and in 183-95 was vicar of Grace chapel of New York City. 
 Since 1883 he has been secretary to the bishop of New York ; 
 since 1883 has been assistant secretary of the house of bishops; 
 and since 1887 has been registrar of the diocese of New York. 
 In 1887-1903 he was assistant secretary of the diocesan conven- 
 tion of New York; in 1894-1902 was superintendent and since 
 1902 has been vice-president of the New York protestant episco- 
 pal church missionary society. Since 1902 he has been archdea- 
 con of New York. 
 
 Nelson, Thomas Hiram, evangelist, author, was born Feb. 11, 
 1863, in Canada. He is superintendent of Pentecost bands at 
 Indianapolis, Ind., a home and foreign missionary movement. He 
 is the author of The Midnight Cry; Marvels in Metaphor; and 
 other works on theology. 
 
 Nelson, William, lawyer, author, was born Feb. 10, 1847, in 
 Newark, N.J. He was educated in the public schools and received 
 the degree of A.M. from Princeton university. For several years 
 he was engaged in journalism in Newark and Paterson, N.J. ; and 
 was admitted to the New Jersey and United States bars ; and 
 since 1875 has been a practicing attorney of Paterson, N.J. He 
 
282 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 was a United States commissioner and has been chairman of the 
 public records commission of New Jersey; and since 1880 has 
 been secretary of the New Jersey historical society. He is a mem- 
 ber of the American historical association ; and a member of the 
 American association for the advancement of science. He is a 
 corresponding member of the New England historical and gen- 
 ealogical society; and an honorary and corresponding member 
 of many other literary, historical and scientific societies in the 
 United States and Europe. He is the author of Indians of New 
 Jersey ; The Doremus Family in America ; History of the City of 
 Paterson ; Personal Names of Indians of New Jersey ; Early Will 
 Making in New Jersey; Marriage and Divorce in New Jersey; 
 and The Law in Relation to Public Bridges in New Jersey. 
 
 Nelson, William Rockhill, journalist, was born March 7, 1841, 
 in Fort Wayne, Ind. He was educated in the university of Notre 
 Dame, Ind. He is the editor-in-chief and owner of the Kansas 
 City Star. He is a son of Isaac De Groff Nelson. He founded 
 the Western gallery of art in Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Newitt, Joseph, Chaffee county judge of Colorado, was born 
 Jan. 30, 1848, in Oxfordshire, England. He was educated in the 
 national schools and academies of Oxford, England; and for 
 many years has been engaged in law and mining in the state of 
 Colorado. For fourteen years he was clerk of the district court 
 of Chaffee county, Col. ; and has held various other positions of 
 trust and honor. He is now grand master elect of the Indepen- 
 dent order of odd fellows for the jurisdiction of Colorado. Since 
 1897 he has been county and probate judge for Chaffee county, 
 and is serving his third term of 1904-08; and resides in Buena 
 Vista, Col. 
 
 Niblack, Leslie Gordon, member territorial senate of Okla- 
 homa, was born in 1874 in Evansville, Ind. He was educated in 
 the public schools of Rockport, Ind. ; and graduated from the 
 state university of Indiana. He is editor and proprietor of the 
 Daily and Weekly Leader of Guthrie, Okla. ; and president oi 
 the Leader Printing and Manufacturing company. He has been 
 president of the Oklahoma press association; vice-president of 
 the national editorial association; and director Oklahoma his- 
 torical association. He has been state, county and city chairman 
 of the democratic central committees; and was a delegate to the 
 democratic national conventions of 1896 and 1900. He was a 
 member of the Oklahoma statehood executive committee ; and 
 was paymaster-general Oklahoma national guards. He served as 
 a member of the territorial senate of Oklahoma for the third 
 district for the term of 1905-06 ; and resides in Guthrie, Okla. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 283 
 
 Nichols, Charles Fessenden, physician, scientist, was born Feb. 
 20, 1846, in Salem ( Mass. After attending the English and latin 
 high schools he studied in 1864-66 in Germany ; and in 1870 grad- 
 uated with the degree of M.D. from Harvard. In 1872-74 he 
 practiced in Honolulu ; and tested the merits of the homeopathic 
 treatment in leprosy and other diseases prevalent there. While 
 in Hawaii he made a collection of tree shells. Since 1874 he has 
 practiced his profession in Boston, Mass. ; became editor of the 
 New England Medical Gazette ; and in 1891-92 was a member of 
 the editorial staff of Science. In 1908-09 he was vice-president 
 of the New York society for humane medical research. He is 
 the author of numerous Monographs and Brochures on medical 
 science. 
 
 Nichols, Sam H., state secretary of Washington, was born in 
 1838 in Maiden, Mass. He was educated in the Maiden high 
 school and at Medford academy. He attained success in the real 
 estate and insurance business in Minnesota and at Everett, Wash. 
 He has filled various local offices; was clerk of the house of rep- 
 resentatives ; clerk supreme court ; and state oil inspector in Min- 
 nesota. He has been a member of the city council of Olympia, 
 Wash. Since 1901 he has been state secretary of Washington, 
 and is now serving his second term of 1905-09; and resides in 
 Olympia, Wash. 
 
 Nicholson, Watson, educator, author, was born Sept. 23, 1866, 
 in Pendleton, Ind. He was educated through the junior year at 
 the Indiana university ; in 1892 received the degree of A.B. from 
 Leland Stanford junior uniyersitv. In 1895 received M.A. from 
 Harvard graduate school; and in 1903 was made Ph.D. at Yale 
 university. In 1905-07 he traveled and studied in Europe. In 
 1884-87 he was a teacher in the schools of Indiana ; and in 1892-94 
 and in 1897-1901 taught in California. In 1895-97 he was an in- 
 structor in Harvard university; in 1903-05 was engaged in uni- 
 versal extension teaching along the Atlantic coast ; and was also 
 an occasional lecturer. In 1903-05 he was an instructor of Eng- 
 lish literature in the Shellield scientific school of Yale univer- 
 sity; and since 1908 has devoted himself to the investigation of 
 the influence of the censor of place on the drama in London. He 
 is the author of the Struggle for a Free Stage in London. 
 
 Nicol, Charles E., judge circuit court of Virginia, was born 
 Feb. 22, 1854, in Brentsville, Prince William county, Va. He was 
 educated at Eastview seminary ; attended Rappahannock acad- 
 emy ; Richmond college and the university of Virginia. He is an 
 eminent lawyer of Virginia and judge of the eleventh and six- 
 teenth judicial circuits of Virginia ; for sx years was a representa- 
 tive in the general assembly of the Virginia state legislature ; and 
 
284 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 has filled various positions of trust and honor. He is now judge 
 of the sixteenth judical circuit of Virginia; and resides in Ma- 
 nassas, Va. 
 
 Nicolls, William Jasper, civil and mining engineer, author, 
 was born April 23, 1854, in Philadelphia, Pa. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 state ; and graduated from the high school of Pottstown, Pa. He 
 has been assistant engineer of the Pennsylvanai steel company; 
 chief engineer on the Long Island railroad ; and general manager 
 of the Berwind- White coal mining company. He has attained 
 prominence as a successful civil and mining engineer of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. ; is a member of the American society of civil engineers ; 
 and of the American society of mining engineers. He is the au- 
 thor of the Railway Builder; The Story of American Coals; 
 The Coal Catechism ; Graystone, a novel ; and a Dreamer in Paris. 
 
 Nixon, Lewis, designer, architect, was born April 7, 1861, in 
 Leesburg, Va. In 1889 he was appointed assistant naval con- 
 structor in the United States navy. He designed the Oregon and 
 the Indiana. He aided in the construction of the Indiana, Massa- 
 chusetts, New York, Columbia and Minneapolis. In 1894 he es- 
 tablished an independent business in Elizabeth, N.J., and built 
 the Annapolis, the first composite gunboat ever constructed for 
 the navy. 
 
 Noel, Edmund Favor, lawyer, legislator, governor, was born 
 March 4, 1856, near Lexington, Miss. During 1882-84 he was a 
 member of the Mississippi state legislature ; and in 1896 he was 
 elected a member of the state senate for four years. He is an 
 able lawyer of Lexington, Miss., and during 1887-91 served with 
 distinction as district attorney; and resides in Lexington, Miss. 
 In 1907 he was elected governor of Mississippi for the term of 
 1908-12. 
 
 Nolen, John, lecturer, landscape architect, was born in 1869 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1893 he graduated from the university 
 of Pennsylvania with the degree of Ph.B. ; in 1901-1902 studied 
 in the university of Munich; and in 1903-05 was a student at 
 Harvard university where he received the degree of A.M. He 
 has been landscape architect for Charlotte, N.C., Savannah, Ga., 
 Roanoke, Va., Santiago, Cal., Madison and LaCrosse, Wis., Mont- 
 clair and Glen Ridge, N.J. ; and Reading, Pa. He has designed sev- 
 eral public parks and private places throughout the east and 
 most of his time is now given to the preparation of comprehen- 
 sive town and city plans. He is a lecturer on Outdoor Art ; Civic 
 Improvements and City Planning. He is the author of magazine 
 articles; and is the editor of Repton's Art of Landscape Garden- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 285 
 
 ing. He has made frequent trips to England, France, Germany, 
 Switzerland and Italy. 
 
 Noll, Arthur Howard, lawyer, clergyman, author, was born 
 Feb. 4, 1855, in Caldwell, N.J. In 1898 he received the honorary 
 degree of LL.D. from St. John's college of Annapolis, Md. In 
 1876-82 he practiced law in Newark, N.J. ; and then engaged in 
 railroading in Mexico. In 1887 he was ordained a clergyman; 
 and has filled pastorates in Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana and 
 Tennessee. Since 1902 he has been registrar of the university of 
 the south at Sewanee, Tenn. He is the author of A Short His- 
 tory of Mexico ; From Empire to Republic ; The Peruvians ; Life 
 of General Kirby Smith ; History of the Church in the Diocese 
 of Tennessee ; and General Kirby Smith. He has edited Bishop 
 Quintard's Memoirs of the War; and volumes of Doctor Thomas 
 Dunn English's Fairy Stories. 
 
 North, Edward, educator, necrologist, author, was born March 
 9, 1820, in Berlin, Conn. In 1841 he graduated from Hamilton 
 college. For forty-seven years he has been professor of Greek 
 in Hamilton college ; and for fifty years he has been the necrolo- 
 gist of Hamilton, and since 1881 has been a trustee of that col-* 
 lege. He was president of the New York State Teachers' asso- 
 ciation in 1865, of which association he was one of the founders 
 in 1845. 
 
 Northcott, William A., United States district attorney for Illi- 
 nois, was born in Murfreesboro, Tenn. He taught school for a 
 while, and was admitted to the bar in 1887. Two years later he 
 moved to Illinois; in 1882 was elected states attorney of Bond 
 county, and was re-elected in 1884 and in 1888. In 1890 he was 
 elected head consul of the Modern Woodmen of America, to 
 which position he has been twice unanimously re-elected. In 
 1892 he was a republican candidate for congress, and in 1896 he 
 was elected lieutenant-governor of Illinois. He is United States 
 district attorney for the southern district of Illinois for the term 
 of 1905-09 ; and resides in Springfield, 111. 
 
 Nutt, Jethro B., county commissioner of Maine, was born 
 May 25, 1836, in Perry, Washington county, Maine. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of New England. He is a ship archi- 
 tect and builder. For thirteen years he was selectman and asses- 
 sor ; in 1876-77 was a representaive in the Maine state legislature ; 
 and is now postmaster of his town. Since 1881 he has served 
 continuously as county commissioner for Washington county; 
 and resides in Perry, Maine. 
 
 Obermayer, Charles J., banker, was born Nov. 8, 1869. He was 
 educated in the public schools; attended the college of the city 
 of New York ; and studied law for three years. For twelve years 
 
286 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he was treasurer of the German- American title guarantee com- 
 pany of New York city; president and director of the Narra- 
 gansett finishing company; and president and trustee of the 
 Greater New York savings bank. He has been vice-president of 
 the Samaritan hospital ; and president of the league of American 
 Wheelmen in the United States. 
 
 O'Brien, James William, merchant, poet, was born July 13, 
 1846, in Quebec, Canada. For many years he was a commercial 
 traveler, and has a varied and adventurous career. He has con- 
 tributed both prose and verse to the periodical press, and several 
 of his poems have been incorporated into Poets of America and 
 other standard works. 
 
 O'Brien, Martin H., lawyer, was born May 18, 1850, in Clinton 
 county, N.Y. He received the rudiments of his education in the 
 common schools; attended the Notre Dame university of South 
 Bend, Ind. ; and was admitted to practice law in New York in 
 1874. He has since attained prominence as an able lawyer of 
 Plattsburg, N.Y. ; and has an extensive practice in the state and 
 federal courts. He takes an active part in the public affairs of 
 his city, county and state, and is a prominent member of various 
 fraternal orders. Four of his sons are graduates of Yale uni- 
 versity. 
 
 O'Brien, Thomas D., state insurance commissioner of Minne- 
 sota, was born Feb. 14, 1859, in La Pointe, Wis. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native state ; and is a lawyer by 
 profession. He has been assistant city attorney for St. Paul, 
 Minn. ; and county attorney for Ramsey county, Minn. He has 
 been a member of the board of trustees of hospitals for insane ; a 
 member of the national democratic committee ; and a member 
 of the charter commission of St. Paul. Since 1905 he has been 
 commissioner of insurance for Minnesota ; and resides in St. Paul, 
 Minn. 
 
 Ogden, Edward F., Harrison county treasurer of Iowa, was 
 born Dec. 29, 1858, in Glens Falls, N.Y. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native state. He is a successful merchant 
 of Logan, Iowa ; and prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of his city, county and state. He has filled several 
 positions of trust and honor ; and is now serving his third term 
 as county treasurer for Harrison county; and resides in Logan, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Ohmann-Dumesnil, Amant Henry, journalist, physician, au- 
 thor, was born Sept. 30, 1857, in Dubuque, Iowa. In 1873 he 
 graduated from the College of christian brothers; received the 
 degrees of M.E. and A.M. from the Missouri state university ; and 
 in 1880 graduated from the St. Louis medical college. He has 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 287 
 
 been professor of dermatology at the College for medical practi- 
 tioners; at the College of physicians and surgeons; and at the 
 Marion Sims college of medicine. He has been editor of the 
 Weekly Medical Review; editor and proprietor of the St. Louis 
 Medical and Surgical Journal ; and editor of the Atlas of Derma- 
 tology. Since 1881 he has been a specialist in dermatology; and 
 a consultant in dermatology of the St. Louis health department. 
 He is the author of Hand-Book of Dermatology ; and other works. 
 
 Oliver, Arthur L., state representative of Missouri, was born 
 Jan. 5, 1879, in Cape Girardeau county, Mo. He was educated at 
 the Cape Girardeau normal school and at the university of Texas. 
 He soon attained success in the practice of law ; has been major 
 commanding sixth battalion national guard of Missouri ; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a member 
 of the forty-third general assembly as representative from Pem- 
 iscot county. Since 1905 he has been a representative in the 
 Missouri state legislature ; and resides in Caruthersville, Mo. 
 
 Olmsted, Marlin Edgar, lawyer, legislator, railroad president, 
 congressman, was born in Potter county, Pa. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools, and subsequently 
 attended Couderport academy. At an early age he was appointed 
 assistant corporation clerk; one year later was promoted to cor- 
 poration clerk in charge of the collection of taxes from corpora- 
 tions; and became auditor general. He read law at Harrisburg; 
 and in 1878 was admitted to the practice of his profession in 
 Dauphin county. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar of the su- 
 preme court of Pennsylvania; and in 1884 was admitted to the 
 bar of the supreme court of the United States. In 1891 he was 
 elected to represent Dauphin county in the proposed constitu, 
 tional convention. He is one of the leading lawyers of Harris- 
 burg, Pa. ; has been counsel of his city ; president and general 
 counsel for the Beach Railroad company; also president of the 
 Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad company. He has been coun- 
 sel for the Lehigh Valley Railroad company ; the Delaware, Lack- 
 awanna and Western Railroad company; Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal company ; Lehigh Coal and Navigation company ; the West- 
 ern Union Telegraph company; and many other corporations. In 
 1897-1911 he was a representative from Pennsylvania to the fifty- 
 fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth 
 and sixty-first congress as a republican. 
 
 Orahood, Harper M., soldier, lawyer, public official, was born 
 June 3, 1841, in Columbus, Ohio. He received his education in 
 the schools of Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and Earlville, 111. ; and has been 
 for two years a clerk in Rock Island when he joined an emigrant 
 train for Colorado in 1860. There he spent ten years in mercan- 
 
288 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tile pursuits at Black Hawk and Central City. During the civil 
 war he served in the army on the frontier; and was captain of 
 company B, third Colorado cavalry. In 1873 he commenced the 
 practice of law; in 1877-81 was district attorney; and then re- 
 moved to Denver. He was county clerk and recorder of Gilpin 
 county; city attorney and postmaster of Black Hawk; and city 
 attorney of Central City and of Denver. For seven years he was 
 director of school district No. 1 of Denver ; and was president of 
 the board a part of the time. He is a member of the Gilpin county 
 and the Colorado Pioneer associations; is past department com- 
 mander of the Grand Army of the Republic ; and in 1895 was col- 
 onel on the staff of Governor Mclntire; and resides in Denver, 
 Col. 
 
 Orman, James Bradley, miner, railroad president, governor, 
 was born Nov. 4, 1849, in Muscatine, Iowa. For many years he 
 was engaged as a contractor, building many railways in Kansas 
 and Colorado ; and has also built large irrigation canals. For five 
 years he was president of the Pueblo street railway ; and is iden- 
 tified with large mining interests. In 1901-02 he was governor 
 of the state of Colorado. He is president of the Bankers' consol- 
 idated mines of Ouray, Col. 
 
 Ormrod, George, cast iron pipe manufacturer, was born in July, 
 1839, in Preston, Lancashire, England. He was educated in pri- 
 vate schools and at the School of Design of Manchester, England. 
 In 1859 he came to the United States on a visit to his uncle, Wil- 
 liam Donaldson, proprietor of a large anthracite colliery at Tama- 
 qua, Pa. In 1861-79 he was proprietor of anthracite collieries at 
 Tamaqua and Raven Run, Pa. ; in 1878-80 was president of the 
 Girard Mammoth Coal company; president of the Nicholas coal 
 company ; president of the St Nicholas coal company near Mahon- 
 ing City, Pa.; and since 1883 has been manager, treasurer and 
 director in the Donaldson Iron company ; and also since 1897 vice- 
 president of the Lehigh Portland cement company of Allentown, 
 Pa. He is also president of the White Hall street railway com- 
 pany of Egypt, Lehigh county, Pa. ; president of the Donaldson 
 iron company at Emaus, Lehigh county, Pa.; vice-president of 
 the Lehigh Portland cement company ; president of the Whitehall 
 street railway company. In 1901-04 he was president of the Liv- 
 ingston club of Allentown, Pa. ; and has filled various other po- 
 sitions of trust and honor. He is a trustee of the Allentown hos- 
 pital ; is a member of the Union league of Philadelphia ; and also 
 a member of the Manufacturers' club of Philadelphia; and resides 
 in Allentown, Pa. 
 
 Osborn, Chase Salmon, journalist, public official, was born Jan. 
 22, I860, in Huntington county, Ind. In 1880 he became manag- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 289 
 
 ing editor of the Signal of Milwaukee, Wis. ; and subsequently 
 filled an editorial position on the Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin. 
 In 1883 he became editor and part proprietor of the Florence min- 
 ing News ; and in 1887 established the Miner and Manufacturer 
 of Milwaukee, Wis. He then became city editor of the Milwau- 
 kee Sentinel ; and in 1887 purchased the Sault Saint Marie News; 
 and in 1902 became owner; and is now editor of the Saginaw 
 Courier and Herald. He has been state game and fish warden of 
 Michigan ; and in 1899-1903 was commissioner of railroads ; and 
 was postmaster of Sault Saint Marie, Mich. He is a member of 
 the board of regents of the university of Michigan. He is the 
 author of a two volume work on South America entitled The 
 Andean Land. 
 
 Oswald, Fridolin. member Illinois state board of examiners of 
 architects, was born March 6, 1839, in Switzerland. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 place ; and studied in the college at Munich, Germany. He has 
 attained prominence as a successful architect and civil engineer; 
 has been countv civil engineer and surveyor; and has filled vari- 
 ous other positions of trust and honor. He has been a member 
 of the county board of supervisors ; president of the citv council ; 
 and a trustee of the Illinois societv of civil eneineers and survey- 
 ors. He is a member of the Illinois state board of examiners of 
 architects: and resides in Alhambra, 111. 
 
 Otis, Harrison Gray, citizen, soldier, journalist, was born Feb. 
 10. 1837, near Marietta, Ohio. He learned the printer's trade, and 
 in 1869-70 was foreman of printing in the government printing 
 office; and subsequently for five years he was chief of a division 
 in the United States patent office. He served throughout the 
 civil war as a soldier and officer, participated in fifteen actions, 
 was twice wounded in battle, received seven promotions, and was 
 brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel for gallant and meritori- 
 ous services during the war. In 1876-79 he was editor of the 
 Santa Barbara Press; and 1879-82 was United States treasury 
 agent in charge of the Seal islands of Alaska. In 1882 he became 
 an owner in the Los Angeles Times ; and since 18S6 has been 
 chief owner, editor and general manager. In 1898-9, as brigadier- 
 general of volunteers, he commanded the brigade which assaulted 
 and captured Caloocan ; and served throughout the campaign 
 ending in the fall of Malolos. He was brevetted major-general 
 for meritorious conduct in that campaign. His home is Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Ott, Isaac, physician, phvsiologist, author, was born Nov. 30, 
 1847, in Northhampton county, Pa. He was educated at Lafay- 
 ette college where he subsequently received the degree of A.M. ; 
 
290 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1869 graduated from the university of Pennsylvania as 
 M.D. He attended the universities of Leipsig and Berlin; and 
 in 1879 was a fellow in biology at the Johns Hopkins university. 
 In 1878 he lectured on physiology at the university of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Since 1889 he has practiced medicine in Easton, Pa. ; and 
 since 1894 has been professor of physiology at the Medico-chiru- 
 rigical college of Philadelphia, Pa. He was consulting neurolo- 
 gist at the asylum of Norristown, Pa. ; and physician to St. 
 Mary's hospital of Philadelphia, Pa. He is the author of Action 
 of Medicines; Cocaine, Veratria and Gelseminum; Textbook of 
 Physiology; and other works. 
 
 Overman, Lee Slater, lawyer, legislator, railroad president, 
 United States senator, was born Jan. 3, 1854, in Salisbury, N.C. 
 He is a successful lawyer of his native city ; was a member of 
 the house of representatives of North Carolina in 1883-89 and 
 1893-94, and was speaker of the house during the latter term. 
 He has been president of the North Carolina Railroad company ; 
 and in 1897 was the democratic nominee for United States sena- 
 tor. In 1903 he became a member of the United States senate for 
 the terms ending in 1915. 
 
 Owen, Alfred, educator, theologican, college president, was 
 born July 20, 1820, in China, Maine. In 1853 he graduated from 
 the Colgate university; and in 1858 graduated from the Newton 
 theological seminary. He received the degree of D.D. from the 
 Kalamazoo college. For nine years he filled a pastorate in Lynn, 
 Mass. ; for eleven years preached in Detroit, Mich. ; and for two 
 years was a clergyman of Chicago. 111. In 1879-86 he was presi- 
 dent of the Denison university of Granville, Ohio ; and in 1887-95 
 was president of the Roger Williams university of Nashville, 
 Tenn. In 1895-1906 he was professor of theology and metaphys- 
 ics at the Roger Williams university. He is a writer of articles 
 in reviews and magazines. He has lectured at institutes and the- 
 ological seminaries. He has been a trustee of Kalamazoo col- 
 lege ; and a trustee of the Chicago theological seminary. 
 
 Owen, Mary Alicia, litterateur, author, was born Jan. 29, 1858, 
 in St. Joseph, Mo. She was educated at private schools; and at 
 Vassar college. In 1888 she made important discoveries in woo- 
 doo magic which she announced in folk-lore societies. In 1893 
 she was admitted to tribal membership with the Indians and 
 joined their secret societies. She has written much of their be- 
 liefs and customs. In 1898 she turned her attention to gypsies. 
 Since 1892 she has read many papers on Indian life before east- 
 ern and southern audiences ; and she possesses one of the largest 
 collections of Indian beadwork in the world. She is the author 
 of Ole Rabbits Plantation Stories; Voodoo Tales; The Daughter 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 291 
 
 of Alouette and an Ozark Gypsy; Folk Lore of the Musquakie 
 Indians; Oracles and Witches; and Myths, Customs, Ceremonials 
 of the Algonquin Tribes in the Middle West. 
 
 Owen, Robert Latham, lawyer, politician, banker, United 
 States senator, was born Feb. 2, 1856, in Lynchburg, Va. He at- 
 tended the Washington and Lee university of Lexington, Va. ; 
 took the debaters' medal, the president's scholarship; was vale- 
 dictorian of his class; and in 1877 received the degree of A.M. 
 He then taught school in Baltimore, and in the Cherokee Orphan 
 asylum. He edited the Indian Chieftain; was secretary of the 
 Old Settlers of Cherokee; was secretary of the board of educa- 
 tion of the Cherokee nation; president of the Indian Interna- 
 tional Fair association; was United States Indian agent to the 
 Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles. He 
 served as secretary of the first bar association in Indian terri- 
 tory; founded and became president of the First National bank 
 of Muskogee in 1890; and was fiscal agent for the Choctaw na- 
 tion with a one-million-dollar bond in 1889. Mr. Owen has dis- 
 tinguished himself by diplomatic services rendered the Indians 
 of the Indian territory ; framed the present school laws of the 
 Cherokee nation, and organized on improved lines their schools. 
 He was twice elected democratic national committeeman. In 
 1909 he became a member of the United States senate for the 
 term ending in 1913. 
 
 Pace, Samuel G., mayor of Mount Airy, N.C., was born March 
 29, 1848, in Henry county, Virginia. He was educated at Olin 
 college of North Carolina. He is proprietor of a hotel in Mount 
 Airy, N.C. ; a dealer in blooded horses ; and identified with the 
 business and public affairs of his community. He has been jus- 
 tice of the peace ; chairman of the city democratic committee ; 
 and has held various other positions of trust and honor. He is 
 now filling the office of mayor for the city of Mount Airy, and 
 served his fourth term of 1905-08 ; and resides in Mount Airy, 
 N.C. 
 
 Packard, N. Luther, clergyman, evangelist, was born Dec. 31, 
 1851, in Brockton, Mass. He graduated with honors from the 
 Wisconsin State university, and from the Chicago Theological 
 seminary. He has attained success as an eminent clergyman of 
 the congregational church ; and has filled pastorates in Nashua, 
 Ionia, and Buffalo Center, and Riceville, Iowa. For ten years he 
 was president of the third district of the Young People's State 
 Christian Endeavor of Iowa ; has also been the state superinten- 
 dent of Iowa congregational Christian endeavor work; and also 
 a state evangelist of Iowa. 
 
292 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Page, Carroll Smalley, merchant, banker, legislator, governor, 
 United States senator, was born Jan. 10, 1843, in Westfield, Vt. 
 He attended the Lamoille Central academy of Hyde Park, Vt. 
 In 18G9-72 he was a member of the Vermont house of representa- 
 tives ; in 1874-76 a member of the state senate ; during 1872-88 
 was a member of the republican state committee, and chairman 
 of that committee in 1886-88. During 1890-92 he served with 
 distinction as governor of Vermont. He is a successful dealer in 
 green calfskin, and in that line of business is said to be the larg- 
 est dealer in the world. He is president of two banks ; and promi- 
 nently identified with various other business enterprises. He 
 was elected to the United States senate for the term ending in 
 1911. 
 
 Page, Inman E., educator, college president, was born Dec. 2, 
 1853, in Warrenton, Va. He was educated at the Howard uni- 
 versity of Washington, D.C. ; and at the Brown university of 
 Providence, R.I. For a while he was a teacher in the Natchez 
 seminary of Mississippi ; and for eighteen years was president of 
 the Lincoln institute of Jefferson city, Mo. Since 1898 he has 
 been president of the agricultural and normal university of Okla- 
 homa at Langston. 
 
 Page, Samuel Davis, lawyer, financier, was born Sept. 22, 
 1840, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated at Dr. Williams 
 classical school of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and in 1859 graduated from 
 Yale university. He read law at Harvard law school ; and in the 
 office of Peter McCall of Philadelphia, Pa. Since 1864 he has 
 been actively engaged in the practice of law. In 1877-81 and 
 1882-83 he was a member of the Philadelphia common council. 
 In 1879-82 he was a democratic candidate for city treasurer. In 
 1883 he became city comptroller; and in 1886 was appointed as- 
 sistant treasurer of the United States at Philadelphia, Pa. In 
 1891 he was one of the commissioners appointed by the governor 
 to investigate the accounts of John Bardsley, derelict city treas- 
 urer, with the Keystone national bank. In 1893 he was a dele- 
 gate to the congress of bankers and financiers at Chicago, 111., 
 where he delivered an address on Pennsylvania. In 1890-91 he 
 was president and since 1891 has been a director of the Quaker 
 city national bank. He has been a director of the merchants' 
 trust company since its organization. 
 
 Paine, Levi Leonard, educator, clergyman, author, was born 
 Oct. 10, 1832, in Holbrook, Mass. He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of New England; and attended the theolog- 
 ical seminary. He has filled positions in the educational world; 
 and became professor of ecclesiastical history in the Bangor the- 
 ological seminary. He has attained prominence throughout the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 293 
 
 United States as an eminent clergyman of the congregational 
 church; and for many years has been a pastor of Bangor, Maine. 
 He is the author of Christianity in Its Progressive Relations; 
 Christian Evangelism ; The Congregational Order of Worship ; 
 Progressive Orthodoxy; and various other Sermons and Ad- 
 dresses. 
 
 Palmore, William Beverly, soldier, clergyman, lecturer, editor, 
 was born Feb. 24, 1844, in Fayette county, Tenn. He received his 
 education at the Vanderbilt university. During the civil war he 
 carried Gen. John S. Marmaduke's division flag while a boy in 
 the confederate army. He has been a successful clergyman and 
 lecturer ; and for many years has been the editor of the St. Louis 
 Christian Advocate. 
 
 Panting, James Augustus, lieutenant Oregon national guard, 
 was born April 1, 1861, in Gloucester, England. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools ; and graduated 
 from Swensberg's college at Grand Rapids, Mich. For five years 
 he was manager of the Marthinson and White lumber company 
 of Copley, Mich. ; and for ten years was manager of the Gold 
 Hill mines of Durkee, Oregon. He is now a successful lumberman 
 and the owner of gold mines ; and prominent in the business and 
 public affairs of Baker City, Ore. For three years he has been 
 brigade signal officer, with the rank of colonel, in the Oregon 
 brigade, uniform rank, K. of P., and is still in commission. Since 
 1904 he has held the rank of lieutenant in the Oregon national 
 guard; and resides in Baker City, Oregon. 
 
 Park, Roswell, educator, lecturer, physician, surgeon, author, 
 was born May 4, 1852, in Pomfret, Conn. He graduated from 
 Racine college as M.D. ; and graduated from the medical depart- 
 ment of the Northwestern university. He has received the de- 
 grees of A.M. from Racine and Harvard colleges ; M.D. from the 
 Lake Forest university; and LL.D. from Yale university. He is 
 an interne in several hospitals; in 1877-79 was an instructor of 
 anatomy at the Women's medical college of Chicago, 111.; and in 
 1879-82 was adjunct professor of anatomy at the medical depart- 
 ment of Northwestern university. In 1882 he lectured on sur- 
 gery at the Rush medical college ; and since 1883 has been pro- 
 fessor of surgery in the medical department of the university of 
 Buffalo ; and is surgeon to the Buffalo general hospital. He is 
 the author of Lectures on Surgical Pathology; History of Medi- 
 cine ; Text Book of Surgery and the Principles and Practice of 
 Modern Surgery. 
 
 Parker, C. M., educator, journalist, founder, was born Sept. 
 17, 1860, in Wilkes county, N.C. He received a thorough public 
 and academic education. He was an institute instructor in In- 
 
294 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 diana and Pennsylvania. He is the founder, editor and owner 
 of the School News of Taylorville, 111. He has attained a na- 
 tional reputation in the educational world ; and has added much 
 to the educational literature of America. The various educational 
 pamphlets and books published under his auspices find a large sale 
 throughout the United States. 
 
 Parker, Herschel Clifford, electrical engineer, author, was 
 born July 9, 1867, in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1890 he received the 
 degree of Ph.B. from the Columbia school of mines. For many 
 years he was actively engaged in mountain climbing; ascended 
 Mount Blanc in 1891; Matterhorn in 1895; and made the first 
 ascent of Mount Dawson in 1899. He is president of the Vedanta 
 society of New York city. Since 1890 he has been connected with 
 Columbia university of New York city ; and is now professor of 
 physics in that institution. In 1903-07 he was engaged in research 
 work with reference to incandescent lighting. He is the author 
 of A Systematic Treatise on Electrical Measurements; and a 
 number of Monographs. 
 
 Parker, James Henry, soldier, merchant, physician, banker, 
 was born Jan. 4, 1843, in Johnston county, N.C. In 1882 he moved 
 to New York and carried on a cotton and comimssion business 
 with success, serving for two years as president of the Cotton ex- 
 change. Has been prominent in New York banking circles, 
 having been vice-president of National Park bank, president of 
 the United States National bank, and is at present president of 
 the Mutual Alliance Trust company, and director of the National 
 Bank of Commerce, National Reserve bank, Audubon National 
 bank, and other institutions. 
 
 Parkinson, Daniel Baldwin, president southern Illinois state 
 normal university, was born Sept. 6, 1845, in Madison county, 111. 
 He was educated at McKendree college of Lebanon, 111. ; and at 
 the Northwestern university of Evanston, 111. In 1869-70 he was 
 principal of Carmi public schools ; and in 1870-73 was teacher of 
 science and mathematics at Jennings seminary of Aurora, 111. In 
 1874-98 he was professor of physical sciences in the southern Illi- 
 nois state normal university; and then became president of that 
 institution. He is a member of the leading educational associa- 
 tions; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. He is 
 president elect of the Illinois state teachers' association. Since 
 1898 he has been president of the Southern Illinois state normal 
 university ; and resides in Carbondale, 111. 
 
 Parks, Marvin McTyeire, educator, college president, was born 
 Nov. 29, 1872, in Marietta, Ga. In 1892 he received the degree of 
 A.B. from Emory college of Oxford, Ga. ; and subsequently was a 
 graduate student at the university of Chicago and at Harvard 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 295 
 
 university. Since 1905 he has been president of the Georgia nor- 
 mal and industrial college at Milledgeville. 
 
 Parrish, Charles Henry, clergyman, educator, college presi- 
 dent, was born April 18, 1859, in Lexington, Ky. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native city ; 
 and attended the state university of Louisville, in which institu- 
 tion he was subsequently secretary, treasurer and professor of 
 Greek. He is now pastor of the Calvary Baptist church of Louis- 
 ville and president of the Eckstein Norton university. He was 
 oriental pilgrim; messenger to world's S.S. convention at Jerusa- 
 lem, 1904 ; in river of Jordan, April 13, 1904 ; delegate to baptist 
 world's congress, 1905; preached in seventeen towns in Germany 
 under Rev. Carl Mascher, inspector of German missions, six hun- 
 dred converts; chairman foreign mission board, national baptist 
 conference; chairman of executive board of general association 
 of Kentucky baptists; delgate to world's missionary convention. 
 Parrish, Maxfield, painter, was born July 25, 1870, in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. In 1901 he received a silver medal from the Pan-Ameri- 
 can exposition of Buffalo, N.Y. He is a national Academician. 
 
 Parrish, Randall, lawyer, journalist, author, was born June 10, 
 1858, in Henry county, 111. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state ; and graduated from the university of Iowa. 
 In 1879-83 he practiced law in Wichita, Kan. ; and in 1883-85 pros- 
 pected in Arizona and New Mexico. He subsequently became a 
 journalist ; was engaged on daily papers in Denver, Omaha, Sioux 
 City and Chicago; and was manager of country papers in Ne- 
 braska and Illinois. He is the author of When Wilderness Was 
 King ; My Lady of the North ; A Sword of the Old Frontier ; Bob 
 Hampton of Placer ; and Historic Illinois and the Great Plains. 
 
 Parry, David MacLean, manufacturer, business president, was 
 born March 26, 1852, near Pittsburg, Pa. In 1869-73 he clerked 
 in stores in Lawrenceburg, Ind. ; Columbus City, Iowa; and in 
 New York city. In 1873-76 he was engaged in the hardware busi- 
 ness in Connersville, Ind. ; and in 1878-82 was in the hardware 
 business in Rushville, Ind. In 1876-92 he was engaged as a trav- 
 eling salesman. In 1882 he established a manufacturing business 
 in Rushville, Ind. ; and in 1886 moved to Indianapolis, Ind. He 
 is now president of the Parry manufacturing company, employ- 
 ing over two thousand people. He has been president of the In- 
 dianapolis board of trade; president of the carriage builders' 
 national association; president of the Indiana manufacturers' 
 association ; is president of the national association of manufac- 
 turers; and for four years was president of the citizens' industrial 
 association of America. 
 
296 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Parsons, William W., president Indiana state normal school at 
 Terre Haute, Ind., was born May 18, 1850, in Terre Haute, Ind. 
 He was educated in the public schools of Terre Haute, Ind., at 
 the high school of Tuscola, 111. ; in 1872 graduated from the Indiana 
 state normal school; and in 1887 received an honorary degree 
 from the Indiana state university. He first taught in the country 
 schools of Illinois; for one year was superintendent of schools 
 at Gosport, Ind. ; and taught two years in the Indiana high school. 
 In 1876-79 was assistant professor of English, in 1879 was head 
 of the department, in 1882 became vice-president and since 1885 
 has been president of the Indiana state normal school at Terre 
 Haute. He is a director in the First national bank of Terre Haute ; 
 a director in the Terre Haute trust company ; and vice-president 
 of the Wabash building, loan and savings association. He is a 
 member of the public library commission of Indiana; a member 
 of the Indiana state board of education ; and is prominently iden- 
 tified with the business and public affairs of his city and state. 
 Since 1885 he has been president of the state normal school at 
 Terre Haute, Ind. 
 
 Paton, Alexander S., manufacturer, legislator, was born Nov. 
 20, 1854, in Scotland. In 1870 he came to America; secured em- 
 ployment with a horn company in Leominster, Mass. ; and now is 
 the owner and president of five horn and celluloid companies in 
 Worcester county, Mass. He was the first president of the Leo- 
 minster and Clinton street railway company; and has also been 
 largely interested in other electric roads. In 1898-1902 he was a 
 representative in the Massachusetts state legislature; and has 
 held numerous positions of honor in Leominster, Mass. 
 
 Patterson, Benjamin, lawyer, was born Dec. 23, 1859, in Al- 
 bany, N.Y. Since 1881 he has been engaged in the practice of 
 law; and has made a specialty of riparian rights. He has been 
 engaged as counsel in many of the leading litigations involving 
 riparian grants in and about the waters surrounding Manhattan, 
 Long Island and Staten Island ; and also represents many large 
 construction companies, defending and adusting negligence cases. 
 
 Patterson, Christopher Stuart, lawyer, author, was born June 
 24, 1842, in Philadelphia, Pa. He is a director of the Pennsylvania 
 railroad company; and president of the Western fund of Phila- 
 delphia. He is the author of Memoir of Theodore Cuyler; Rail- 
 way Accident Law ; Federal Restraints on State Action ; and The 
 United States and the State under the Constitution. 
 
 Patterson, James Kennedy, president state college of Kentucky 
 educator, college president, was born March 26, 1833, in Glasgow, 
 Scotland. He entered the Hanover college, Indiana, in 1851, and 
 in course received the degrees of B.A., A.M. and Ph.D. He hai 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 297 
 
 attained success in educational work; for three years was prin- 
 cipal of the Greenville Presbyterian academy, Ky. ; was professor 
 of languages, history and metaphysics in various institutions ; and 
 since 1869 has been president of the States college of Kentucky, 
 which has been built up mainly by his efforts. He has been a 
 delegate from Kentucky to the international congress of geograph- 
 ical sciences at Paris in 1875; and a delegate to the British asso- 
 ciation for the advancement of science at Leeds in 1890 ; and is a 
 member of numerous scientific bodies. Since 1869 he has been 
 president of the State college of Kentucky; and resides in Lex- 
 ington, Ky. 
 
 Paterson, Thomas MacDonald, United States senator from Col- 
 orado, was born Nov. 4, 1840, in Ireland. In 1874 he was appoint- 
 ed attorney for the city of Denver, Col. He was elected a dele- 
 gate from Colorado to the forty-fourth congress; and upon the 
 admission of Colorado as a state in 1 876 was elected a representa- 
 tive from that state to the forty-fourth and forty-fifth congresses 
 as a democrat. 
 
 Paxson, Edward M., journalist, lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 
 3, 1824, in Buckingham, Pa. He learned the printing business, 
 and in 1842 founded the Newton Journal; and in 1847 moved to 
 Philadelphia, where he established the Daily News. He subse- 
 quently turned his attention to the study of law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1850. In 1869 he was appointed judge of the 
 court of comomn pleas in the city of Philadelphia ; and the follow- 
 ing year was elected to the office. In 1874 he was elected justice 
 of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, and subsequently chief jus- 
 tice. He edited Brown's Collection of Laws, and is the author of 
 Memoirs of the Johnson Family ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Paxton, William Miller, educator, clergyman, was born June 
 7, 1824, in Adams county, Pa. In 1843 he graduated from the 
 Pennsylvania college, and from the Princeton theological sem- 
 inary in 1848, and has received the degrees of D.D. and LL.D. 
 He filled pastorates in Greencastle and Pittsburg, Pa.; was pro- 
 fessor of sacred rhetoric in the Western theological seminary dur- 
 ing 1860-65 ; was pastor of the First presbyterian church of New 
 York city, during 1866-83 ; and for several years was a lecturer 
 in the Union theological seminary. Since 1883 he has been pro- 
 fessor of ecclesiastical, homiletical and pastoral theology in the 
 Princeton theological seminary. In 1880 he was moderator of 
 the general assembly of the presbyterian church of the United 
 States ; since 1866 has been a member of the board of foreign mis- 
 sions, and president of the board in 1881-83 ; and since 1867 has 
 been a trustee of the Princeton college. 
 
298 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Pearce, Haywood Jefferson, educator, college president, was 
 born Aug. 26, 1871, in Columbus, Ga. He graduated with the 
 degree of A.B. from Emory college of Georgia; received the de- 
 gree of A.M. from Chicago university; and the degree of Ph.D. 
 from Wurzburg university of Germany. He has attained note as 
 a successful educator ; and was president of Columbus female col- 
 lege of Georgia. He is now associate-president of Brenau college- 
 conservatory of Gainesville, Ga. ; and professor of philosophy 
 and psychology in that institution. 
 
 Pearce, James Alfred, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 appeals of Maryland, was born April 2, 1840, in Chestertown, Md. 
 He was educated in the public schools and at Washington college ; 
 and in 1860 graduated from Princeton university. In 1860-97 he 
 practiced law in Chesterton, Md. ; and has filled various positions 
 of trust and honor. Since 1897 he has been associate-justice of 
 the state supreme court of appeals of Maryland; and resides in 
 Chesterton, Md. 
 
 Pearse, Carroll Gardiner, educator, administrator, founder, 
 author, was born Nov. 2, 1858, in Tabor, Iowa. In 1888-95 he 
 was superintendent of schools of Beatrice, Neb. In 1895-1904 
 he was superintendent of the city schools of Omaha, Neb.; and 
 under his able management they have been brought to a state of 
 excellence. Since 1904 he has been superintendent of the schools 
 of Milwaukee, Wis. He has been president of the Nebraska state 
 teachers' association; and president of the Nebraska schoolmas- 
 ters' club. For many years he was a lecturer and instructor in 
 the normal institutes of Nebraska. He is the author of several 
 educational Monographs. 
 
 Pearson, Samuel, mining engineer, was born Pan. 2, 1862, in 
 South Africa. He was educated in the South African public 
 schools and at Hilton college; and in 1906 became an American 
 citizen. In 1899 he entered the Boer service as a private ; served 
 throughout the Boer war; and in 1900 became quartermaster- 
 general in the Boer army. In 1900-01 he was a special agent of 
 the Boers in the United States. He is president of the American 
 South African commerce company of Allentown, Pa., the object 
 of which is to foster trade between South Africa and the United 
 States. He is a successful consulting engineer of Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Peaslee, John Bradley, educator, statesman, author, poet, was 
 born Sept. 3, 1842, in Plaistow, N.H. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the public schools ; attended the Atkinson and 
 Gilmanton academies; and in 1863 graduated from Dartmouth 
 college. He has been principal of the high school of Groveland, 
 Mass. ; was principal of the north grammar school of Columbus, 
 Ohio ; and in 1874-86 was superintendent of public schools of Cin- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 299 
 
 cinnati, Ohio. While superintendent he inaugurated the celebra- 
 tion of Arbor day in the public schools of the northwest. In 1895 
 he was democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor of Ohio; 
 and in 1900 was democratic candidate for congress. He is a life 
 member of the national educational association; and has been 
 president of the Ohio state board of examiners for teachers ; and 
 a director of the university of Cincinnati. He is the author of 
 Thoughts and Experiences In and Out of School; Graded Selec- 
 tions for Memorizing; Occasional Verses and Sacred Poems; 
 Tree and Tree Planting, with Exercises and Directions for the 
 Celebration of Arbor Day ; German Instruction in Public Schools ; 
 and other works. 
 
 Peck, Harry Thurston, educator, author, was born Nov. 24, 
 1856, in Stamford, Conn. He received his preparatory education 
 in private schools. In 1881 he graduated from the Columbia uni- 
 versity ; has received the honorary degrees of A.M., Ph.D., L.H.D., 
 and LL.D. ; and has studied in Berlin, Paris, and Rome. In 1897- 
 1901 he was literary editor of the Commercial Advertiser ; and in 
 1895-1902 was editor of the Bookman of New York City. In 1881- 
 88 he was professor of Latin at Columbia university. He is the 
 author of Personal Equation; Latin Pronunciation; Graystone 
 and Porphyry; The Adventures of Mabel; What is Good Eng- 
 lish?; Twenty Years of Republic; The Life of Prescott; and Hilda 
 and Her Wishes. 
 
 Peck, Hiram David, soldier, lawyer, jurist, was born March 
 23, 1844, in Harrison county, Ky. He was a private in company 
 A, eighty-sixth regiment Ohio infantry in 1862. In 1876 he was 
 a city solicitor of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and in 1883-89 was judge of 
 the superior court of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Peck, Josiah Washington, state senator of Missouri, was born 
 Sept. 28, 1856, in Mount Bridges, Ontario, Canada. He was 
 educated at the state normal school of Peru, Neb.; attended the 
 university of Wisconsin at Madison, Wis.; and graduated from 
 the law department of the Washington university at St. Louis, 
 Mo. He has attained success in the practice of law; for several 
 years has been connected with the Farmers' bank of Westboro, 
 Mo. ; and is prominently identified with the business and public 
 affairs of that city. He is a member of the Missouri state senate 
 from the first district for the term of 1905-09; and resides in 
 Westboro, Mo. 
 
 Peek, Comer L., lawyer, railroad manager, business man, au- 
 thor, was born April 13, 1851, in Hancock county, Ga. He re- 
 ceived the rudiments of his education in the common schools, and 
 graduated from the Emory college of Oxford, Ga. He has been 
 general manager Starke and Sampson City railroad company; 
 
300 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 vice-president Atlantic, Suwanee River and Gulf railroad com- 
 pany; land commissioner of the latter company; and also of the 
 Atlantic lumber company. He is a successful lawyer and timber 
 expert of Starke, Fla. ; and the author of Stephen Hightower's 
 Repentance, and of Stephen Hightower as Justice of the Peace, 
 which are serio-comic political episodes in the south since the 
 civil war; and resides in Starke, Fla. 
 
 Penrose, Stephen Beasley Linnard, president Whitman col- 
 lege, was born Dec. 20, 1864, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was edu- 
 cated at Williams college, graduating in 1885 with the degree of 
 A.B.; and in 1890 with the degrees of B.D. from Yale university. 
 In 1886-87 he taught in Williams college. In 1890 he went as'a 
 home missionary to Dayton, Wash.; and became pastor of the 
 Congregational church in that city. He is a member of the 
 American board of commissioners for foreign missions. Since 
 1894 he has been president and Cushing Eells professor of men- 
 tal and moral science at Whitman college ; and resides in Walla 
 Walla, Wash. 
 
 Perine, Edward Ten Broeck, accountant, expert, was born 
 Oct. 19, 1870, in Plainfield, N. J. Until 1893 he was an officer in 
 the Third national bank of Jersey City, N. J. ; in 1893-1904 was 
 cashier, then treasurer, of the United States mortgage and trust 
 company ; and is now general manager and chief operating officer 
 of the Audit company of New York city. He has been active 
 assignee in connection with important Wall street failures ; has 
 been expert witness in cases of important financial litigation ; is 
 a noted financial writer; and a speaker at recent conventions of 
 the American bankers' association. He is a director of the First 
 national bank of Bayonne, N.J.; and a director in various other 
 banks and corporations. 
 
 Perkins, George Clement, banker, legislator, governor, United 
 States senator, was born Aug. 23, 1839, in Kennebunkport Maine. 
 At the age of twelve years he went to sea on the oolden iiagie 
 as a cabin boy; followed this calling and that ot a sailor lor sev- 
 eral years; and in 1855 shipped before the mast on a sailing vessel 
 bound for San Francisco, Cai. He engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at Oroville and was very successful; and subsequently en- 
 gaged in banking, milling, mining, and the steamship business, 
 in which he has been engaged during the past twenty-three years, 
 operating steamships on the coasts of California, Oregon, Wash- 
 ington, British Columbia, Alaska and Mexico. In 1868 he was 
 elected to the state senate, serving eight years. He has been 
 president of the Merchants' exchange in San Francisco. In 1879- 
 83 he was governor of California. In 1893-1915 he was a member 
 of the United States senate. He has been president of the Cham- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 301 
 
 ber of commerce ; and president of the San Francisco art asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 Perkins, Jabez, physician, surgeon, legislator, was born Oct. 
 20, 1820, in Defiance, Ohio. For ten years he practiced medicine 
 in Springville, Mich., and since 1860 in Owosso. In 1862 he took 
 charge of a hospital in Nashville; became surgeon of Kentucky 
 volunteers ; and medical director of the second army corps, and 
 subsequently of the cavalry corps, army of the Cumberland. Dur- 
 ing 1858-59 he served with distinction as a representative in the 
 Michigan state legislature ; and resides in Owosso, Mich. 
 
 Perrin, John William, educator, librarian, author, was born 
 about 1860. In 1887 he graduated from the Illinois Wesleyan 
 university as A.B. ; and in 1889 received the degree of A.M. from 
 Wabash college. He was a student at the Johns Hopkins uni- 
 versity ; and was a graduated student in history, politcal science 
 and sociology, and received the degree of Ph.D. from the uni- 
 versity of Chicago, 111. In 1887-88 he was assistant principal of 
 the high school of Danville, 111.; in 1888-89 was superintendent of 
 city schools of Petersburg, 111., and in 1889-90 was assistant super- 
 intendent of the schools of Cook county, 111. In 1893-94 he was 
 professor of history and economics in the first Wisconsin state 
 normal school at Platteville ; in 1894-98 was professor of history 
 and political science in Allegheny college ; and was a lecturer in 
 history for the American society for the extension of university 
 teaching. He was professor of history and politcal economics in 
 the Chautauqau college for liberal arts; in 1898-1904 was pro- 
 fessor of history in the Adelbert college of the Western Reserve 
 university. In 1904 he was Albert Shaw's lecturer on American 
 diplomatic history in the Johns Hopkins university ; and in 1905 
 lectured on American history in the Allegheny college. Since 
 1906 he has been librarian of the Case library of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 In 1907 he was elected president of the Ohio library association. 
 
 Peters, Edward Dyer, educator, metallurgist, author, was born 
 June 1, 1849, in Dorchester, Mass. He was graduated from the 
 School of mines of Frieberg, Saxony, in 1869 ; and received the 
 degree of M.D. from Harvard university. In 1872 he was terri- 
 torial assayer of Colorado and in 1898 was vice-president of the 
 American instiute of mining engineers. Since 1904 he has been 
 professor of metallurgy at Harvard university. He is the author 
 of Modern Copper Smelting, in fifteen editions; and Principles 
 of Copper Smelting ; and also many technical and scientific Mono- 
 graphs. 
 
 Peterson, J. P., state representative of Wisconsin, was born 
 March 21, 1859, in Denmark. He received a normal and collegiate 
 education ; and for the past forty years has been a resident of 
 
302 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Wisconsin. He is now a successful merchant at Luck, Wis. ; and 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his 
 community. He has been town clerk, chairman of the town 
 board, and a member of the county board. For fourteen years 
 he was a teacher in the public schools ; and for six years was 
 county superintendent of schools for Polk county, Wis. He has 
 been postmaster; and is a justice of the peace, notary public and 
 a member of the school board. He is now a representative to the 
 Wisconsin state legislature ; and resides in Luck, Wis. 
 
 Pettit. Henry, civil engineer, architect, author, was born Dec. 
 23, 1842, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the classical 
 school of John M. Farms at the university of Pennsvlvania. where 
 he received the honorary degree of M.S. ; and studied civil engi- 
 neering, architecture and music. Tn 1862-74 he was in the bridge 
 construction department of the Pennsylvania railroad company ; 
 and in 1873 was sent bv the United States continental commission 
 as a special aeent to the Vienna exposition. Tn 1^73-77 he was an 
 enp-ineer and architect of the United States centennial exposition 
 of Philadelphia. Pa. : in 1876 he was chief of the bureau of instal- 
 lation of the United States centennial exposition: and in 1803 
 was a member of the advisorv art commission of Pennsvlvania at 
 the world's Columbian exnosition. He has traveled extensivelv 
 and has made two tonrs around the world. He is the author of A 
 Twentieth Centurv Tdealist. 
 
 Phelan, Tames Duval lawver. banker, was born Ann'l 90. I«fi1 
 in San Francisco. Cal. He received the deeree of A. P.. from St. 
 Tenatius college. Tn 1896-1902 he was mavor of San Francisco. 
 Cal. After the San Francisco disaster he was proclaimed bv 
 President Roosevelt to receive funds and use the United States 
 mint as a depository. He is president of the Mutual savings 
 bank of San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Phelps, Alonzo S., mavor of Martinsville. 111., was born in 
 1872, in Delaware. Towa. He received a thorough education ; and 
 graduated in medicine from the Hahnemann medical college of 
 Chicago, 111. He is a successful phvsician and sursreon of Martins- 
 ville, 111.; and prominentlv identified with the business and public 
 affairs of that citv. He is now filling the office of mavor of the 
 city of Martinsville,; and resides in Martinsville, 111. 
 
 Phelps, E. Frisbie, journalist, lawyer, life insurance organizer, 
 was born June 18, 1840, in Burlington, Conn. He was educated in 
 the public schools of his native city ; at the Elmwood academy of 
 Illinois ; at Oberlin college ; for one vear was a student in the law 
 department of the university of Illinois ; and in 1866 graduated 
 from Yale university as LL.B. For five years he practiced law in 
 Neosho, Mo. ; and then became editor and proprietor of the Gales- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 303 
 
 burg (111.) Daily Register and Republican Register. In 1877 he 
 organized and founded the Covenant mutal life association of 
 Galesburg, 111., which company he managed for about fourteen 
 years. He became comptroller of the Mutal reserve; and vice- 
 president and agency manager of the National life insurance com- 
 pany of Hartford, Conn. He was general agency manager of the 
 American union life insurance company of New York ; and of the 
 Hartford life insurance company. He is president of the United 
 mining company of New York city; is a director and treasurer 
 of the Atlantic fibre company ; and a director of the Solid com- 
 fort shoe company. 
 
 Philbrick, John, first lieutenant United States army, was born 
 May 20, 1877, in Seabrook, N.H. He was educated at the New 
 Hampshire state college of Durham. As an officer in the United 
 States army he has seen service in various capacities ; and has at- 
 tained the rank of first lieutenant. Since 1907 he has held the 
 rank of first second lieutenant in the United States artillery 
 corps ; and is now stationed at Fort Monroe, Va. 
 
 Phillips, Edwin, physician, surgeon, gynecologist, was born 
 Oct. 19, 1893, in Tinmouth, Vt. He received his education in the 
 public schools and at Oberlin, Ohio. In 1861 he graduated from 
 the department of medicine and surgery at the university of 
 Michigan and in 1866 graduated from the college of physicians 
 and surgeons in the city of New York. He has been professor of 
 gynecology at the Minneapolis college of physicians and sur- 
 geons in Hamline university ; and has a large and successful prac- 
 tice in Minneapolis, Minn. He is a member of the leading medi- 
 cal and scientific societies of Minnesota. 
 
 Phillips, Maude Gillette, educator, author, was born Aug. 9, 
 1860, in Springfield, Mass. In 1881 she gradauted from Wellesley 
 college. She has written much for magazines in fiction and criti- 
 cism under pen-names. She is a woman of wide social experience 
 and a member of Sorosis. She is the author of Popular Manual 
 of English Literature ; and numerous short stories. 
 
 Phoenix, Lloyd, naval officer, was born in 1841 in New York 
 city. He entered the naval acadamy at Annapolis in the year 
 of the breaking out of the civil war. He served as a lieutenant 
 a little more than a year after his entry in the navy ; and for the 
 ensuing three years was engaged in many contests which called 
 for the best qualities of the sailor. He has spent much of his life 
 on the water; and is the owner of the Intrepid, a three-masted 
 schooner. He has a valuable collection of paintings and b*»c- 
 a-brac. He is a member of the New York yacht club ; is a member 
 of the Military order of the loyal legion; and a member of the 
 Union and various other elubs of New York city. 
 
304 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Pickard, Josiah Little, eduator, college president, was born 
 March 17,1824, in Rowly, Mass. For thirteen years he was prin- 
 cipal of the academy at Platteville, Wis.; for five pears was 
 superintendent of public instruction for Wisconsin ; and in 1864- 
 77 was superintendent of public schools in Chicago, 111. In 
 1878-87 he was president of the university of Iowa. In 
 1871-1900 he was president of the Iowa historical society. 
 
 Pierce, Frank, first assistant secretary of the interior, was 
 born April 3, 1857, in Londonderry, Vt. In 1877 he graduated 
 form the Burr and Burton seminary of Manchester, Vt. ; and in 
 1881 received the degree of A. B. from Williams college. Since 
 1886 he has been engaged in the practice of law in Salt Lake 
 City, Utah; and makes a specialty of mining law. In 1890-92 
 he was a member of the Utah legislature, and was a member of 
 the Utah constitutional convention. In 1907 he became first 
 assistant secretary of the interior at Washington, D. C. In 1891- 
 94 he was president of the Young men's christian association of 
 Utah. He is a lecturer on mining law at the university of Utah ; 
 and since 1892 has been a member of the board of regents of that 
 institution of learning. 
 
 Pinnell, Ethan Allen, educator, soldier, lawyer, jurist, was 
 born Nov. 17, 1834, in Crawford county, Mo. He received his 
 education in the public schools of Missouri and subsequently 
 taught in the schools of Missouri and Illinois. He served 
 four years in the confederate service as captain of com- 
 pany D, eighth regiment Missouri infantry. After the war he 
 continued teaching until 1873 when he was admitted to the bar at 
 Steelville, Mo. During 1882-86 he was judge of probate in his 
 native county; and attained success as an able lawyer. In 1893 
 he moved to Florida, where he is a solicitor in chancery, abstrac- 
 tor of land titles and successful lawyer ; and resides in Bronson, 
 Fla. 
 
 Pitkin, Edward Powell, member Grand Army of the Republic, 
 was born Feb. 18, 1837, in Ogdensburg, N.Y. He graduated from 
 the Michigan university ; and soon attained sucsess in the practice 
 of law. In 1860 he was city clerk of Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1862- 
 63 he was adjutant in the twentieth regiment Michigan infan- 
 try ; became assistant adjutant-general in 1863 ; became adjutant- 
 general of the first brigade, fifth division, ninth army corps. In 
 1864-65 he was captain in the V. R. C. and assistant adjutant- 
 general to the provost marshal general of Indiana. In 1885-88 he 
 was captain in the Colorado national guard. In 1886-88 he was 
 reading clerk in both the house and state senate of Colorado. In 
 1883 was with Lumber company of Aurora ; and with Rathbone, 
 Sard and company of Aurbra, HI. He is an a^brnfey-tlt-law by- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 305 
 
 profession ; and private secretary to United States Senator Hop- 
 kins. Since 1903 he has been clerk of the fisheries committee in 
 the United States senate ; and resides in Aurora, 111. 
 
 Pitman, Benn, author, educator, art critic, was born July 24, 
 1822, in England. After four years of experimenting he was the 
 first to perfect the modern method of producing and printing 
 from relief copper plates. For this he received a silver medal 
 from the Art and Manufacturers' exposition in 1858. In 1863-67 
 he was recorder of military commissions for the United States 
 government; and in 1867-73 was general reporter. He founded 
 and is president of the Phonographic institute of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 During 1873-93 he was a lecturer on art and teacher of practical 
 art in the Cincinnati Art academy. He is the author of The Re- 
 porter's Companion; Manual of Phonography; Phonographic 
 Dictionary; and A Plea for Alphabetical Reform. 
 
 Piatt, Isaac Hull, physician, author, was born May 18, 1853, in 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. He was educated in the Polytechnic institute of 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. ; and graduated from the Columbia law school and 
 from the Long Island college hospital. In 1886-97 he practiced 
 medicine in Lakewood, N.J. ; and since 1897 has traveled exten- 
 sively in Europe. For the last five years he has spent most of his 
 time in New York City. He is a member of the American climat- 
 ological association; a member of the society of Cincinnati; a 
 member of the New York academy of medicine ; a member of the 
 Sons of Revolution; and a member of the Society of the war of 
 1812 ; a member of the New York genealogical and biographical 
 society ; and a member of the Historical society of Pennsylvania. 
 He is the author of Bacon Cryptograms in Shakespeare, and 
 Other Studies ; and Walt Whitman, in Beacon Biographies Series. 
 
 Piatt, Thomas Collier, United States senator from New York, 
 was born July 15, 1833, in Oswego, N.Y. He was president of the 
 Tioga national bank at its organization ; and became largely in- 
 terested in the lumbering business in Michigan. He was county 
 clerk of the county of Tioga in 1859-61. He was a member of the 
 forty-third and forty-fourth congresses. He was elected United 
 States senator in 1881, and resigned that office May 16 of the 
 same year ; and was chosen secretary and director of the United 
 States Express company in 1879, and in 1880 was elected presi- 
 dent of the company. He was member and president of the board 
 of quarantine commissioners of New York from 1880 till 1888. 
 He was president of the Southern Central railroad. Since 1897 he 
 has been a member of the United States senate, and is now serving 
 the term of 1903-09 ; and resides in Oswego, N.Y. 
 
 Plush, Samuel Millard, soldier, physician, inventor, was born 
 in 1840 in Montgomery county, Pa., and is the eldest son of Chris- 
 
306 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tian M. and Catherine T. Plush. During the civil war he served 
 under a lieutenant's commission in the one hundred and seventy- 
 fifth regiment Pennsylvania infantry. He then studied medicine ; 
 and has attained much success in that profession in Philadelphia, 
 Pa. He is the inventor of an electric magnetic device for guard- 
 ing buildings and various other electrical methods and appli- 
 ances ; and is well known as a physicist at home and abroad. For 
 many years he was a director nd general manager of The Tele- 
 phone company of Philadelphia; and is an active spirit in insti- 
 tutes and in societies for the advancement of science and the pro- 
 motion of mechanic arts ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Poison, James T., physician, statesman, was born Sept. 1, 
 1839, in Jasper, Ind. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools of his native state ; and has attained success as a practic- 
 ing physician of Laclede, Mo. He has been people's party com- 
 mitteeman on state and national committee ; and in 1896 was the 
 congressional candidate of the people's party. He has always be- 
 lieved in the money question to be the great issue confronting the 
 American people. He is a member of the peoples party national 
 committee from Missouri; and resides in Laclede, Mo. 
 
 Pomeroy, Harlan, physician, obstetrician, scientist, was born 
 June 27, 1833, in Strongsville, Ohio. He was a student at Oberlin 
 college ; and in 1879 received the degree of M.D. from the Homeo- 
 pathic hospital college of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1881-84 he was 
 attending physician of the Good Samaritan dispensary; in 1884- 
 91 was professor of physiology, hygiene and sanitary science; in 
 1891-94 he was professor of obstetrics; and since 1894 has been 
 dean of the training schools for nurses. He is also consulting ob- 
 stetrician to the Trinity hospital of Cleveland, Ohio. Since 1880 
 he has been secretary of the Cleveland homeopathic hospital so- 
 society ; is a member of the American institute of homeopathy and 
 the Ohio state medical society; and a mason and knight templar. 
 He is director of the Cleveland, Southwestern and Columbus rail- 
 way ; and has traveled extensively in America and in Europe ; 
 and has contributed extensively to technical journals on medical 
 and scientific subjects. 
 
 Pope, Benjamin W., educator, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 
 20, 1853, in Franklin county, 111., and attended school at the St. 
 Louis and Chicago law schools. He has been superintendent of 
 schools in DuQuoin and Tamaroa, 111. ; he was admitted to the bar 
 in 1878. In 1890-94 he was county judge of Perry county, HI.; 
 served four terms as mayor of DuQuoin, 111. ; and one term as 
 states attorney for Perry county, 111. In 1893-97 he was post- 
 master of his city ; is now judge of the city court of the city of 
 DuQuoin, HI., for the term of 1909-13 ; and resides in DuQuoin, 111. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 307 
 
 Pope, James Worden, colonel United States army, was born 
 June 6, 1846, in Louisville, Ky. In 1862-64 he studied in the uni- 
 versity of Indiana; and graduated from the United States mili- 
 tary academy at West Point. In 1868 he was appointed second 
 lieutenant of the fifth infantry ; and subsequently was engaged in 
 Indian campaigns under Carr, Wood and other generals. In 1904 
 he was chief quartermaster of the department of Colorado ; in 
 1904-07 was in command of the Philadelphia depot; and since 
 1907 has been chief quartermaster of the department of the gulf. 
 In 1879 he traveled through China and Japan. He is the author 
 of various articles on professional subjects in the Military Ser- 
 vice Journal and other publications. 
 
 Pope, Young John, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 South Carolina, was born April 10, 1841, in Newberry, S.C. He 
 entered the confederate army as private, rising to be adjutant 
 and afterward assistant adjutant-general Conner's brigade of 
 infantry. In 1865-68 he was district judge of Newberry; was 
 five years mayor of Newberry ; and afterward member of the leg- 
 islature and state senator. In 1890-91 he was attorney-general of 
 South Carolian. Since 1891 he has been associate-justice of the 
 state supreme court of South Carolina, and is now serving his 
 term of 1900-1910; and resides in Columbia, S.C. 
 
 Porter, George Loring, soldier, physician, surgeon, was born 
 April 29, 1838, in Concord, N.H. He attended the New London 
 academy, and the Brown university of Providence, R.I., from 
 which institution he graduated in 1859 with the degree of A.M. 
 During the war he was captain and brevet major in the United 
 States army. In 1862 he was assigned to duty at the general hos- 
 pital at Strasburg, placed in charge of the hospital and took 
 care of the confederate wounded also. He has attained success 
 in his profession at Bridgeport, Conn. ; has been president of the 
 Connecticut medical society, and vice-president of several medical 
 bodies. He has contributed valuable papers for medical lit- 
 erature and was instrumental in the passage of the coroner's law 
 of Connecticut in 1882 ; and resides in Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Porter, Horace, soldier, manufacturer, railroad president, au- 
 thor, was born April 15, 1837, in Huntington, Pa. He was edu- 
 cated at the Harrisburg academy ; and at Lawrenceville, N.J. In 
 1854 he entered the scientific department of Harvard university. 
 At the age of twelve years he invented a water test for boilers. 
 In 1865 he entered the civil war as a second lieutenant; and in 
 1865 was brevetted brigadier-general. In 1866 he was given the 
 rank of colonel. In 1868 he was sent on a tour of inspection of 
 the army posts; and in 1866-68 served in the Ku-Klux war in 
 Arkansas. He was President Grant's private secretary. For 
 
308 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 many years he was also president of the New York, West Shore 
 and Buffalo railroad company. In 1897-1905 he was United States 
 ambassador to France ; and recovered the body of John Paul 
 Jones at a personal expense. He is the author of AA T est Point Life. 
 
 Posey, John W., lawyer, public official, was born Aug. 6, 1847, 
 in Petersburg, Ind. He attended the Georgetown academy, and 
 the Baylor university. He is a successful lawyer and land agent 
 of Austin, Texas ; has been county treasurer ; justice of the peace \ 
 county comimssioner of Nolan county; and has held various other 
 public positions of trust. 
 
 Potter, William, lawyer, college president, was born Aug. 17, 
 1852, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1892-94 he was United States min- 
 ister to Italy. In 1907 he was a nominee for mayor of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. He is manager of the Philadelphia institution for the 
 deaf and dumb ; and is president of the Jefferson medical college 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Powell, Edward Alexander, horticulturist, railroad president, 
 was born Jan. 27, 1838, in Shadeland, Pa. He was educated in 
 the public and private schools. In 1860-62 he taught in Wester, 
 Ohio. In 1863 he was in the nursery business in Shadeland, Pa. ; 
 and in 1868 moved to Syracuse, N.Y. He is engaged as a nursery- 
 man ; is in the real estate business ; and is also a blooded live stock 
 importer and exporter. He is the proprietor of the Lakeside 
 stock farm ; and proprietor of the Syracuse nurseries. He was 
 president of the Syracuse Lakeside and Baldwinsville railway; 
 md was president of the chamber of commerce. 
 
 Powell, James L., soldier, farmer, lawyer, legislator, was born 
 Feb. 24, 1834, in Plentifull, Va. In 1859 he located as a lawyer in 
 Roane county, W.Va. ; and in 1860 was elected attorney for the 
 state in that county. In 1861 he was under the organizers ; was 
 elected captain of the volunteer company of the confederate states 
 army. In 1862 he joined Mercer's cavalry company of the ninth 
 Virginia cavalry and saw active service in the battles of Chancel- 
 lorsville and Gettysburg. In 1863 he was captured and held as 
 a state prisoner. In 1865 he was exchanged and returned home. 
 In 1866 he resumed the practice of law; and in 1876-85 represen- 
 ted his county and district in the state legislture. He was also 
 elected states attorney for the county of Spotsylvania. He has 
 been eminenly successful as a farmer, lawyer and statesman. 
 
 Powers, James Knox, educator, college president, was born 
 Aug. 15, 1851. in Florence, Ala. In 1873 he graduated from the 
 university of Alabama with the degree of A.M. and received the 
 highest grade ever made in the history of the university. In 1897 
 he received the degree of LL.D. from the university of Alabama. 
 In 1873 he was professor of mathematics and in 1888-97 was pres- 
 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTUEY 309 
 
 ident of the state normal school of Florence, Ala. In 1897-1901 
 he was president of the university of Alabama. Since 1901 he 
 has been southern representative of the B. F. Johnson publishing 
 company of Richmond, Va. In 1892 he was editor of Southern 
 Education. In 1886-88 he was grand dictator of the Knights of 
 honor of Alabama. In 1900-01 he was president of the association 
 of southern colleges and preparatory schools ; is a member of the 
 National education association; and a member of the National 
 geographical society. He is one of the authors of a series of 
 arithmetics ; and is the author of numerous addresses and papers 
 on educational subjects. 
 
 Powers, Wilbur Howard, lawyer, legislator, was born Jan. 22, 
 1849, in Croydon, N.H. He attended the public schools; gradu- 
 ated from Kimments, and to negotiate a system of sea postof- 
 fices ; and in 1891 he was a delegate to the fourth congress of the 
 universal postal union at Vienna. In 1892-94 he was United States 
 minister to Italy; and in 1904 was appointed for life a member 
 of the board of directors of the Philadelphia city trusts, which 
 consist of the Stephen Girard and other trusts amounting to over 
 forty million dollars. He is a successful lawyer; and president 
 of the Jefferson Medical college ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Preston, Andrew W., business president of Boston, Mass. He 
 is president and director of the United fruit company ; is presi- 
 dent and director of the Belize royal mail and Central steamship 
 company; is president and director of the Fruit dispatch com- 
 pany ; is president and director of the Hotel Titchfield company ; 
 is president and director of the Nipe Bay company ; and is presi- 
 dent and director of the Pittsburg fruit and produce exchange. 
 He is also vice-president and director of the Abangary gold fields 
 of Costa Rica ; and vice-president and director of various railway, 
 banking, mining and industrial corporations. 
 
 Preston, William H., probate judge for Ford county, Kansas, 
 was born Aug. 15, 1839, in AVorcestershire, England. He was edu- 
 cated in the common schools; and is a carpenter by trade. In 
 1861-65 he served in the civil war as sergeant of company C, twen- 
 tieth Iowa volunteer infantry ; and participated in numerous bat- 
 tles and skirmishes. He has been a justice of the peace and police 
 judge in Dodge City, Kan. ; and has filled various other positions 
 of trust and honor. He is now probate judge for Ford county, 
 Kan. ; and resides in Dodge City, Kan. 
 
 Prettyman, Elijah Barrett, educator, was born Feb. 20, 1830, 
 in Williamsport, Pa. He attended a clasiscal school in Baltimore ; 
 then attended the Cumberland academy ; and subsequently grad- 
 uated from Dickinson academy. He has attained success in edu- 
 cational work; has been principal of Brookeville academy; princi- 
 
310 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 pal of Maryland State Normal school; and state superintendent 
 of public instruction of Maryland. He is prominent in educa- 
 tional affairs; and has contributed valuable articles to educa- 
 tional journals. 
 
 Prime, Ralph Earl, soldier, lawyer, author, was born March 
 29, 1840, in Matteawan, N.Y. He was educated at the academy of 
 White Plains, N.Y., by private tutors ; studied medicine ; and was 
 admitted to the bar. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the fifth 
 regiment New York volunteer infantry; held four regimental 
 commissions; and was in numerous battles and skirmishes, at- 
 taining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1863 he was nominated 
 by President Lincoln to be brigadier-general. For forty-five years 
 he practiced law in Yonkers ; was city attorney in 1875 ; and in 
 1895 was deputy attorney-general for the state of New York. In 
 1902-04 he was governor-general of the order of the Founders and 
 Patriots of America ; and in 1897-1909 was president of the Amer- 
 ican flag association. He has crossed the ocean twenty-two times ; 
 traveling in Europe, Asia and Africa. He is the author of The 
 Descendants of James Prime and numerous monographs. 
 
 Primer, Sylvester, soldier, educator, was born Dec. 12, 1842, 
 in Geneva, Wis. For three years he was a student at the LeRoy 
 academy; and graduated from the Phillips Exeter academy. In 
 1874 he graduated from Harvard uoiversity as A.B. ; was a stu- 
 dent in the universities of Leipsig, Gottingen and Strasburg, Ger- 
 many ; and in 1880 received the degree of Ph.D. from the univer- 
 sity of Strasburg. He served in the civil war in both the infantry 
 and cavalry ; and participated in twenty-three battles. He taught 
 about a year in Germany; and in 1880 returned to the United 
 States. In 1880-88 he was professor of modern languages at the 
 college of Charleston, S.C. ; for one year taught at the Friends' 
 school of Providence, R.I. ; in 1890-91 taught in the Colorado 
 college at Colorado Springs ; and since 1891 has been professor of 
 Germanic languages in the university of Texas. He has edited 
 Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm; Nathan der Weisse; Go the 's Eg- 
 mont; and Chamisso's Peter Schlemihl, for the Use of Schools. 
 
 Prince, Le Baron Bradford, lawyer, jurist, state senator, gov- 
 ernor, author, was born July 3, 1840, in Flushing, N.Y. In 1866 
 he graduated from the Columbia law school, and received the de- 
 grees of LL.D. from Kenyon,, and Colorado colleges. In 1871-75 
 he was a member of the New York assembly; and in 1872 was 
 chaplain of the judiciary committee, having charge of impeach- 
 ment of judges of New York City. In 1874 he was father of the 
 constitutional amendment committee ; and in 1866-77 was a mem- 
 ber of the New York state senate. In 1878 he declined the gover- 
 norship of Idaho; in 1878-82 was chief justice of New Mexico; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 311 
 
 and in 1889-1903 was governor of New Mexico. Since 1883 he has 
 been president of the New Mexico historical society ; and has the 
 largest collections of American stone idols in existence. He is the 
 author of Epluribus Unum, or American Nationality; General 
 Laws of New Mexico ; The American Church and Its Name ; and 
 the Money Problem. 
 
 Prince, Leon Cushing, educator, lecturer, author, was born 
 May 15, 1875, in Concord, N.H. He was educated at the New 
 York University, Dickinson College and Dickinson School of Law ; 
 and has received the degrees of A.B., A.M. and LL.B. He is a 
 member of the Pennsylvania bar ; and since 1901 has been profes- 
 sor of history and international law at Dickinson College, Carlisle, 
 Pa. He is active in the lecture field, his most popular lecture be- 
 ing The Man Who Dares. He is the author of A Bird's-eye View 
 of American History (Scribner's) ; and various magazine articles, 
 addresses and lectures on popular and educational themes ; mem- 
 ber of the American Historical Association ; the American Politi- 
 cal Science Asociation ; the American Bar Association ; the Amer- 
 ican Academy of Political and Social Science; the International 
 Lyceum Association. 
 
 Proctor, Thomas Redfield, banker, financier, was born May 25, 
 1844, in Proctersville, Vt. He was educated in the English high 
 school of Boston, but left just before graduation to enter the 
 United States navy as president of the second national bank of 
 Utica, N.Y. ; president of the American hardwall plaster com- 
 pany ; vice-president of the Utica daily press and a trustee of the 
 Utica savings bank and trustee of the Utica trust company; as 
 president of the board of trustees of the house of the good shep- 
 herd, as president to the Oneida historical society; life member 
 of the New York society; a member of the society of colonial 
 wars and a member of the New York state agricultural society. 
 He is a member of the society for municipal improvement and a 
 member of the American scenic and historical reservation society. 
 In 1907 he gave five hundred thousand dollars for public parks 
 for New York. 
 
 Prose, Joseph Benson, educator, lawyer, was born Feb. 8, 1856, 
 in Patriot, Ohio. He received a liberal education in the public 
 schools, and subsequently attended the Ohio university for three 
 years. In his early days he was engaged in educational work; 
 and is now a prominent lawyer of Kansas at Hoisington. He is 
 attorney for the Missouri and Pacific railway company ; and a 
 most successful commercial and corporation lawyer; and resides 
 in Hoisington, Kan. 
 
 Prosser, William Farrand, soldier, educator, farmer, journal- 
 ist, pioneer, statesman, founder, author, was born March 16, 1834, 
 
312 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 in Lycoming county, Pa. He was educated in the public schools 
 and at Johnstone academy of Pennsylvania; then taught in the 
 public schools ; studied law and surveyed until 1854, when he be- 
 came a miner in Trinity county, Cal. He was second lieutenant 
 of the Trinity rangers; and assisted the regular troops in the 
 Indian war of 1858-59. In 1860 he was the first candidate of the 
 republican party in Trinity county for the California legislature. 
 In 1861-65 he was a soldier in the civil war ; was captured by the 
 confederate cavalry in 1862; and later served as quartermaster 
 of the fifteenth Pennsylvania cavalry. In 1864 he was commis- 
 sioned major of the second Tennessee cavalry ; became lieutenant 
 colonel in 1864 ; and colonel in 1865. He took part in the battles 
 of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, the siege of Knoxville, and 
 numerous minor engagements; and in 1864 was in command of 
 the cavalry in the district of North Alabama. After the war he 
 engaged in farming near Nashville, Tenn. ; in 1867 he was elected 
 to the Tennessee house of representatives; and in 1869-71 was a 
 representative from Tennessee to the forty-first congress. In 
 1372-75 he was postmaster of Nashville, Tenn. In 1876 he was 
 one of the commissioners from the state of Tennessee to the cen- 
 tennial exposition ; and in 1873 was appointed on a committee to 
 visit the Vienna exposition. For several years he was special 
 agent for the Nashville Republican. In 1879-85 he was special 
 agent for the general land office for the territories of Oregon, 
 Washington and Idaho. In 1889 he was a member of the Wash- 
 ington constitutional convention; in 1890-1903 was chairman of 
 the board of harbor fine commissioners of Washington; and in 
 1893-1905 was mayor of North Yakima, Wash. He founded the 
 town of Prosser, Wash.; and is now city treasurer of Seattle, 
 Wash. He is the author of History of Puget Sound Country, in 
 two volumes; and other works. 
 
 Pugh, Samuel J., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Jan. 
 28, 1850, in Greenup county, Ky. He has held successively the 
 offices of city attorney in 1872-73; master commissioner of the 
 circuit court in 1874-80 ; county attorney in 1878-86 ; and county 
 judge in 1886-90. He was delegate to the Kentucky constitu- 
 tional convention in 1890-91, and state senator in 1893-94. He was 
 elected to the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth congresses as a repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Pulitzer, Walter, journalist, author, was born April 4, 1878, 
 in New York City. He was one of the promoters of the American 
 chess magazine ; and in 1902 was editor of the American Tit Bits. 
 He is the author of Chess Harmonies ; That Duel at the Chateau 
 Marsanac ; Cozy Corner Confidences ; and The Jungle Jingle Book. 
 
 Purdue, Albert Homer, educator, geologist, was born March 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 313 
 
 29, 1861, in Warrick county, Ind. In 1886 he graduated from the 
 Indiana state normal school ; in 1893 graduated from the Leland 
 Stanford university of California ; and in 1894 did graduate work 
 there. In 1895-96 he was senior fellow in the department of ge- 
 ology at the university of Chicago; and in 1889-91 was assistant 
 superintendent of the United States Indian school at Albuquerque, 
 N.M. In 1892-93 he was assistant geologist of Arkansas ; in 1896- 
 1902 was professor of geology, and since 1902 has been professor 
 of geology and mining at the university of Arkansas. 
 
 Purinton, Daniel Boardman, president West Virginia univer- 
 sity, was born Feb. 15, 1850, in Preston county, W.Va. He re- 
 ceived a thorough education at George's Creek academy, Penn- 
 sylvania, and the university of West Virginia. He was instructor 
 in Latin and Greek during 1873-78 in the West Virginia univer- 
 sity ; professor of logic in 1878-80 ; professor of mathematics dur- 
 ing 1880-85 ; of metaphysics during 1885-89 ; and during 1881-89 
 was vice-president and acting president of that institution. He 
 has been councilman and mayor of Morgantown, W.Va. In 1890- 
 1900 he was president of the Denison university of Granville, 
 Ohio. He is the author of Christian Theism; and some forty 
 pieces of published sacred music, including words. Since 1901 he 
 has been president of the West Virginia university; and resides 
 in Morgantown, W.Va. 
 
 Putnam, Warren Edward, surgeon-general of Vermont, was 
 born May 6, 1857, in Putnam, Ontario, Canada. He is a graduate 
 of the Brantford collegiate institute and in 1881 graduated from 
 the Cleveland medical college of Cleveland, Ohio; and subse- 
 quently took post-graduate courses at St. Thomas hospital of 
 London and at Chicago, 111. He has attained eminence in medi- 
 cine and surgery ; and practices his profession at Bennington, Vt. 
 He has been a trustee of Bennington, president of the Bennington 
 board of health, a member of the executive committee of the Ben- 
 nington board of trade ; and is a former surgeon-general of Ver- 
 mont. He is brigadier-general of the Vermont national guard; 
 president of the Bennington gas company ; and has filled various 
 other positions of trust and honor. He is a member of various 
 medical societies. He is an honorary member of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic and numerous patriotic societies, including the 
 society of Colonial Wars and Sons of the American Revolution. 
 He is surgeon-general of Vermont ; and resides in Bennington, Vt. 
 
 Pyne, Moses Taylor, lawyer, trustee, railroad president, was 
 born Dec. 21, 1855, in New York City. He graduated from Prince- 
 ton university and from Columbia law school. In 1880-92 he was 
 general counsel of the Delaware, Lackawanna and western rail- 
 road company. He is a trustee and chairman of the finance com- 
 
314 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 mittee of Princeton university; of Lawrenceville school; and of 
 St. Paul's school of Concord, N.H. He is president of the Cayuga 
 and Susquehanna railroad company ; vice-president of the Prince- 
 ton insurance company; and chairman of the Princeton town- 
 ship, N.J. He is director of the national city bank; the farmer's 
 loan and trust company; the consolidated gas company, and 
 other corporations in New York City. He is a public library com- 
 missioner of the state of New Jersey. 
 
 Quinby, Henry B., governor. In 1909 he became governor of 
 the state of New Hampshire for the term ending in 1911. 
 
 Quincy, Josiah Phillips, farmer, lawyer, dramatist, author, 
 was born Nov. 29, 1829, in Boston, Mass. He is the author of 
 Charicles, a drama; Lyteria, a drama; The Peckster Professor- 
 ship, a Story ; and The Protection of Majorities, and Other Papers. 
 
 Rabe, William Louis, physician, surgeon, was born May 8, 
 1839, in Steubenville, Ohio. He was educated at Richmond col- 
 lege; in 1859 graduated from the Cleveland medical college of 
 Western Reserve university; and in 1866 graduated from the 
 Rush medical college and from McCormick theological seminary 
 of Chicago, 111. For several years he was professor of Richmond 
 college; and is now a successful physician of Dwight, 111. He is 
 medical examiner for the Northwestern Life association of Amer- 
 ica and the Danish brotherhood. He is a member of the Amer- 
 ican Medical association. He is the author of Monographs and 
 published Addresses; and a valued contributor to medical jour- 
 nals ; and resides in Dwight, 111. 
 
 Rader, Cary Melvin, lawyer, statesman, was born July 27, 
 1868, in Carroll county, Ind. He received a thorough education, 
 and in 1891 graduated from the law department of the Central 
 normal college of Danville, Ind. The following year he located 
 in Walla Walla, Wash. ; has been city attorney and filled various 
 other public positions of trust. 
 
 Rainey, Henry T., United States congressman from Illinois, 
 was born Aug. 20, 1860, in Carrollton, 111. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native town, at Knox academy and Knox col- 
 lege, Galesburg, 111., and at Amherst college, Massachusetts. In 
 1885 he graduated from the Union college of law and received the 
 degree of B.L. During the earlier part of his career as a lawyer 
 he was master in chancery in Greene county, 111., for six years, 
 resigning that position in order to attend to his increasing law 
 practice. In 1903-11 he was a representative from Illinois to the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a 
 democrat. 
 
 Ramaley, Francis, educator, scientist, author, was born Nov. 
 16, 1870, in St. Paul, Minn. In 1895 he graduated from the uni- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 315 
 
 versity of Minnesota as B.S. ; and subsequently received the de- 
 grees of M.S. and Ph.D. from that institution. He studied in 
 Java and in the Royal botanical garden of Ceylon. In 1896-98 he 
 was an instructor of botany in the university of Minnesota; and 
 since 1899 has been professor of biology at the university of Col- 
 orado. In 1903-04 he traveled around the world. He is a fellow 
 of the American association for the advancement of science ; and 
 is a member of other learned societies. He was president of the 
 Associated charities of Boulder, Col. ; and secretary of the park 
 commission. He has made special researches in plant anatomy ; 
 in the anatomy of seedlings, morphology of certain brown sea- 
 weeds ; and cotyledon anatomy of tropical plants. He is prepar- 
 ing a book giving a popular account of Rocky mountain vegeta- 
 tion ; has published articles dealing with forests and forest trees ; 
 and a plant geography of the Rocky mountains. 
 
 Rand, Benjamin, educator, author, was born July 17, 1857, in 
 Canada. He is instructor of philosophy in Harvard university. 
 He is the author of Abstract of Ferrier's Greek Philosophy; Bib- 
 liography of Economics ; Classical Philosophers ; and other works. 
 
 Raney, Richard Beverly, underwriter, donor, was born Feb. 
 7, 1860, in Retreat, N.C. In 1867-76 he received an academic edu- 
 cation. In 1894-1908 he was general agent for the Pennsylvania 
 mutual life insurance company of Philadelphia; and is now re- 
 tired. In 1899 he built and in 1900 equipped and presented the 
 Olivia Rainey Library to the city of Raleigh, N.C; at a cost of 
 about fifty thousand dollars. It was presented in memory of his 
 deceased wife, Olivia Blount Cowper. He is a member of the 
 North Carolina audubon society; and a member of the North 
 Carolina Literary society. 
 
 Ranger, Walter E., commissioner of public schools for Rhode 
 Island, was born Nov. 22, 1855, in Wilton, Maine. He was edu- 
 cated at Wilton academy ; and in 1879 graduated with the degree 
 of A.B. from Bates college. He was principal of the high schools 
 at Lenox, Mass. ; in 1883-96 was principal of the Lyndon institute 
 of Vermont; and in 1896-1900 was principal of the state normal 
 school at Johnson, Vt. In 1900-05 he was state superintendent of 
 education of Vermont; and since 1905 has been commissioner of 
 public schools for the state of Rhode Island. The degrees of M.A. 
 and LL.D. have been conferred upon him by the university of 
 Vermont, and by Bates college. He is president of the American 
 institute of instruction; was president of the Vermont state 
 teachers' association; and was president of the Vermont school- 
 masters' club. He is a thirty-third degree mason; commander-in- 
 chief of the Vermont consistory; and resides in Providence, R.I. 
 
316 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Ranney, Henry Clay, soldier, lawyer, was born June 1, 1829, 
 in Freedom, Ohio. In 1863 he entered the army of the Potomac ; 
 and served as an assistant adjutant-general. He is a director of 
 several railroad companies ; and is director, trustee and vice-pres- 
 ident of corporations of Cleveland, Ohio. He is president of the 
 Cleveland museum of art; and vice-president of the Case library 
 of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Raub, Albert Newton, educator, college president, author, was 
 born March 28, 1840, in Lancaster county, Pa. After attending 
 the State Normal school of Millersville, Pa., he began educational 
 work. He has been superintendent of the Ashland public schools ; 
 superintendent of the Lock Haven public schools, Pennsylvania ; 
 principal of the State Normal school of Lock Haven, Pa. ; and is 
 now the president of the Delaware college of Newark. He is the 
 author of twenty-six books, including text-books on grammar, 
 reading, spelling, arithmetic, literature, and pedagogy. His les- 
 sons, etc., are especially commendable works, and the best of their 
 kind. 
 
 Raven, John Howard, educator, clergyman, author, was born 
 Oct. 3, 1870, in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1894 he was ordained to the 
 ministry of the reformed church in America ; and in 1894-99 filled 
 a pastorate in Methuchen, N.J. Since 1899 he has been professor 
 of old testament languages and exegesis at the New Brunswick 
 theological seminary. He is the author of Old Testament Intro- 
 duction, General and Special. 
 
 Ravogli, Augustus, physician, surgeon, author, was born Feb. 
 7, 1851, in Italy. He graduated from the Roman college of Italy 
 with the degree of A.M. ; and in 1873 graduated from the medical 
 department of the university of Rome. In 1876-79 he took post- 
 graduate studies in the university of Vienna, Prague and Berlin. 
 For sixteen years he was consular agent of Italy; and was sur- 
 geon of the military hospital in the Italian army with the rank 
 of major. In 1880 he immigrated to the United States ; and in 
 1881 located in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was professor of dermatol- 
 ogy and syphilography in the medical college department of the 
 university of Cincinnati ; and was dermatologist to the city hos- 
 pital. He is the author of The Hygiene of the Skin ; and is a con- 
 tributor to American and German medical journals. 
 
 Ray, George W., judge United States district court for New 
 York, was born Feb. 3, 1844, in Otselic, Chenango county, N.Y. 
 He was educated at Norwich academy of New York, and in 1905 
 received the degree of LL.D. from Colgate university. He served 
 in the army during the civil war; and participated in numerous 
 battles and skirmishes. He then was admitted to the bar; and 
 soon attained eminence as one of the leading lawyers of the east 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 317 
 
 at Norwich, N.Y. He was a member of the forty-eighth, fifty- 
 second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth and fifty-sev- 
 enth congresses from New York as a republican ; and was chair- 
 man of committee on invalid pensions, and later chairman of com- 
 mittee on the judiciary of the house of representatives. He is a 
 president of the board of education of Norwich, N.Y.; and has 
 filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. Since 1902 he 
 has been judge of the United States district court for the northern 
 district of New York ; and resides in Norwich, N.Y. 
 
 Ray, Robert A., Cheshire county probate judge of New Hamp- 
 shire, was born April 7, 1851, in Palmer, Mass. He was educated 
 at the seminary of Manchester, Vt. ; attended Kimball union 
 academy of Meriden, N.H. ; in 1877 he graduated from 
 Dartmouth college. In 1882-27 he was solicitor for Concord, 
 N.H.; and in 1885 was a representative in the New Hampshire 
 state legislature from Concord. He is the author and publisher, 
 with Judge R. E. Walker, of Ray and Walker's New Hampshire 
 Citations. He is probate judge for Cheshire county until the age 
 of seventy years ; and resides in Keene, N.H. 
 
 Raymond, George Lansing, professor George Washington uni- 
 versity, was born Sept. 3, 1839, in Chicago, 111. He was a profes- 
 sor at Princeton college in 1881-1905. His writings in verse in- 
 clude Colonel Ballads ; A Life in Song ; Ballads of the Revolution, 
 and Other Poems ; Sketches in Song ; and Pictures in Verse. He 
 is the author of The Orator's Manual; Modern Fishers of Men, a 
 novel ; Poetry as a Representative Art ; The Genesis of Art Form ; 
 Art in Theory ; Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture as Repre- 
 sentative Arts ; Rhythm and Harmony in Poetry and Music ; and 
 Ideals Made Real. Since 1905 he has been professor of ethics in 
 the George Washington university; and resides in Washington, 
 
 D.C. 
 
 Read, John Joseph, naval officer, was born June 17, 1842, in 
 Mount Holly, N.J. In 1858 he was appointed to the United States 
 navy ; and in 1866 was commissioned lieutenant-commander. He 
 became commander in 1877 ; and was made captain in 1893. He 
 attained the rank of rear-admiral in the United States navy in 
 1900 ; and in 1904 was retired. 
 
 Reade, Philip, soldier, was born Oct. 13, 1844, in Massachu- 
 setts. In 1864-67 he was a cadet in the United States military 
 academy at West Point, N.Y. In 1867 he became second lieuten- 
 ant in the third infantry ; in 1878 became first lieutenant ; in 1889 
 became captain ; and in 1898 became major and inspector-general 
 of volunteers. In 1898 he was promoted lieutenant-colonel ; and 
 in 1901 was honorably discharged from volunteer service. In 
 1899 he became major in the eighth infantry; and in the same 
 
318 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 year was transferred to the fourth infantry. In 1902 he was lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of the fourth infantry ; in 1903 was transferred to 
 the twenty-third infantry ; and has attained the rank of brigadier- 
 general . 
 
 Reaman, William W., member national committee socialist 
 party for South Dakota, was born in 1870 in Fond du Lac, Wis. 
 He received his education in the public schools ; is now a success- 
 ful harness-maker and business man of Aberdeen, S.D. ; and con- 
 nected with the Aberdeen harness company of that city. He has 
 been lieutenant in the South Dakota national guard; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1904 he 
 has held the rank of captain in the South Dakota national guard ; 
 and resides in Aberdeen, S.D. 
 
 Rector, Elbridge Lee, lawyer, author, was born Nov. 16, 1847, 
 in Seguin, Texas. He received his education at the university of 
 Virginia; and since 1877 has been engaged in the practice of law 
 in San Saba, Tex. He has always been a student of political 
 economy; has contributed articles on monetary topics to the 
 American Magazine of Civics ; and is the author of a work entitled 
 The Science of Exchange ; and resides in Santa Saba, Tex. 
 
 Reed, Silas D., state senator of Massachusetts, was born June 
 25, 1872, in Taunton, Mass. He was educated at Bristol academy 
 of Taunton, Mass. ; in 1893 graduated from Amherst college ; and 
 subsequently from Boston university law school. He soon at- 
 tained success in th practice of law at Taunton, Mass. In 1897- 
 1902 he was a representative in the Massachusetts state legisla- 
 ture ; and in 1901 was a member of the special legislative commit- 
 tee on revision of the statutes. In 1903 and 1904 he was a mem- 
 ber of the republican state committee. He is a member of the 
 Massachusetts state senate from the first Bristol district for the 
 term of 1905-06; in 1905 was a member of the recess legislative 
 committee on the revision of the railroad and street railway laws ; 
 and resides in Taunton, Mass. 
 
 Reed, Verner Z., manufacturer, banker, author, was born Oct. 
 13, 1863, in Ohio. He attended the eastern Iowa normal school. 
 He is engaged in mining and manufacturing and banking enter- 
 prises, and has interest in fruit lands in Colorado, "Wyoming and 
 California. He travels extensively ; and is abroad a greater part 
 of the time. He is a member of the Press club of Denver, Col. ; 
 a member of the El Paso golf club of Colorado Springs; and a 
 member of the Explorers club of New York City. He is the au- 
 thor of Lo-To-Kah ; Tales of the Sunland ; and Adobeland Stories. 
 He contributes essays, stories and ethnological and travel sketches 
 to various magazines. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 319 
 
 Reeder, Frank, soldier, lawyer, statesman, was born May 22, 
 1845, in Easton, Pa. ; and is a son of Hon. Andrew H. Reeder, the 
 first governor of Kansas. In 1863 he graduated from Princeton 
 college ; and in 1868 received the degree of LL.B. from Albany 
 university of New York. In 1862-66 he served in the Union army 
 as adjutant in the one hundred and seventy-fourth Pennsylvania 
 volunteer infantry ; and from captain to colonel in the nineteenth 
 regiment Pennsylvania cavalry. In 1873 he was collector of in- 
 ternal revenue for the eleventh district of Pennsylvania. In 1874 
 he attained the rank of brigadier-general in the Pennsylvania 
 national guard; in 1895-98 was secretary of state of Pennsylva- 
 nia; and in 1900 became commissioner of banking for Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Reichert, Edward Tyson, physician, educator, author, was 
 born Feb. 5, 1855, in Philadelphia, Pa. He is a Philadelphia phy- 
 sician and educator and professor of physiology in the university 
 of Pennsylvania since 1886. He is the author of A Text-Book of 
 Physiology ; and a number of memoirs and pamphlets. 
 
 Rice, George Staples, civil engineer, was born Feb. 28, 1849, in 
 Boston, Mass. In 1870 he received the degree of S.B. from Har- 
 vard university. In 1869-72 he was assistant engineer additional 
 water supply of Boston, Mass.; and in 1877-80 was in direct 
 charge main drainage works. In 1880-87 he was engaged as a 
 mining engineer in Arizona and Colorado. In 1887-91 he was 
 deputy chief engineer of the New Croton acqueduct of New York 
 City. In 1892-1900 he was in private practice and also an in- 
 structor in water supply and sanitary engineering at Harvard. 
 In 1900-04 he was deputy chief engineer and in 1905-07 was chief 
 engineer Rapid transit commissioners of New York City; and 
 since 1907 has been chief engineer of the public service commis- 
 sion. He has been president of the Municipal engineers of the 
 City of New York. 
 
 Rice, Isaac Leopold, lawyer, inventor, author, was born Feb. 
 22, 1850, in Bavaria. He is a lawyer of New York City ; was coun- 
 sel and director of the Southern railroad; president of the Chi- 
 cago electric traction company; Pennsylvania electric vehicle 
 company; and other corporations. He invented the Rice gambit, 
 a new chess opening. He is the author of What is Music; and 
 numerous articles in standard magazines. 
 
 Rice, James Horton, state treasurer of Montana, was born July 
 26, 1839, in Clarkson, Monroe county, N.Y. He received a thor- 
 ough education ; and graduated from Gennessee college of Lima, 
 N.Y. He is a successful wool grower of Montana ; and for many 
 years has been prominently identified with the business and pub- 
 lic affairs of Montana. He was a representative in the eighth as- 
 
320 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sembly of the Montana state legislature ; was a member on several 
 important committees ; and has filled numerous other positions of 
 trust and honor. In 1904 he became treasurer of the state of 
 Montana, and resides in Helena, Mont. 
 
 Richards, Charles Comstock, lawyer, legislator, was born Sept. 
 16, 1859, in Salt Lake City. In 1884 he was admitted to the bar ; 
 and in 1888 was elected a representative in the territorial legisla- 
 ture of Utah ; and in 1890 was a senator of that body. For three 
 terms he was prosecuting attorney of Wezer county, Utah. He 
 was secretary of the territory from May 16, 1893, to Jan. 6, 1896, 
 when that territory became a state ; and he was the acting gover- 
 nor at the time of admission, and turned the executive office over 
 to the governor of the state. Since 1869 he has lived in Ogden, 
 Utah. 
 
 Richards, George Nelson, judge Benton county probate court 
 of Missouri, was born Jan. 11, 1836, in Hardin, Shelby county, 
 Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of Sidney, Ohio, and 
 subsequently learned the printer's trade. During the civil war 
 he served as private and was promoted to lieutenant in company 
 K, twenty-fifth regiment Illinois volunteer infantry ; and was also 
 lieutenant in the one hundred and thirty-fifth regiment Illinois 
 volunteer infantry; and participated in numerous battles and 
 skirmishes. For fifty-two years he was engaged in journalism as 
 an editor and publisher in Illinois and Missouri; and for many 
 years was an editor and publisher of Warsaw, Mo. He filled sev- 
 eral municipal offices in Urbana and Champaign, 111. ; and at Hol- 
 den and Warrensburg, Mo. ; and was the first commander of Col- 
 Grover Post Grand Army of the Republic at Warrensburg, Mo. 
 He is judge of the probate court for Benton county for the term 
 of 1903-07 ; and resides in Warsaw, Mo. 
 
 Richards, William Henry, educator, lawyer, lecturer, was born 
 Jan. 15, 1856, in Athens, Tenn. He was educated at the Warner 
 institute and at the Howard university. He has been alderman 
 and mayor of his native city ; and president of the Bethel literary 
 and historical association of Washington, D.C. Since 1890 he has 
 been a member of the faculty of Howard university, filling the 
 chairs of international law and evidence; and is principal libra- 
 rian. He also has attained success in the lecture field. 
 
 Richardson, Charles Albert, soldier, lawyer, public official, was 
 born Aug. 14, 1829, in Freetown, N.Y. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the common schools, and attended Cortland 
 academy of Homer, N.Y. He has been county treasurer and sur- 
 rogate of Ontario county, N.Y. ; New York state commissioner 
 for Gettysburg and Chattanooga monuments; and United States 
 commissioner for Gettysburg national park. During the civil war 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 331 
 
 he served in the union army as lieutenant, captain and major of 
 the one hundred and twenty-sixth regiment New York volunteer 
 infantry. He is one of the foremost lawyers of the east, and haa 
 a large practice at Canandaigua, N.Y. 
 
 Richardson, Harry Alden, United States senator from Dela- 
 ware, was born Jan. 1, 1853, in Camden, Del. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 state ; and attended the academy of East Greenwich, R.I. He then 
 entered the well-known establishment of Richardson and Robins of 
 Dover, Del., of which his father was senior member. Upon the 
 death of the junior partner, he was taken into partnership by his 
 father ; and at the death of his father in 1894 he assumed the en- 
 tire control of the large canning establishment, which he still 
 manages with the assistance of his two sons. He is president of 
 the First national bank of Dover ; president of the Delaware fire 
 insurance company of Dover; president of the Dover gas-light 
 company; president of the Diamond state telephone company of 
 Dover ; and is a director in the Bell Telephone company of Phila- 
 delphia and other corporations. In 1890 he was the republican 
 nominee for governor of Delaware. He is now United States sen- 
 ator from Delaware for the term of 1907-13. 
 
 Rigby, Isaac Albert, lawyer, writer, was born May 13, 1861, in 
 Doniphan county, Kan. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the common schools ; attended the Kansas state university, 
 from which institution he received the degree of LL.B. in 1885. 
 He is a successful lawyer of Concordia, Kan. ; has been president 
 of the board of education ; county attorney ; and a delegate to the 
 republican congressional and state conventions. He has contrib- 
 uted extensively to law literature and the periodical press gen- 
 erally. In 1897 he was admitted to the United States supreme 
 court at Washington, D.C. He has served several times as judge 
 pro tern of the district court at Concordia, Kan. 
 
 Rigdon, Jonathan, educator, lecturer, author, was born Dec. 
 22, 1858, in Rigdon, Ind. He attended the National Normal uni- 
 versity of Lebanon, Ohio ; and later took the philosophical course 
 in the Central Normal college of Danville, and subsequently grad- 
 uated from the Boston university. Since 1885 he has filled the 
 chair of philosophy and literary criticism in the Central Normal 
 college of Danville, Ind. He is a successful lecturer, and the au- 
 thor of a series of grammars that have become very popular. He 
 is also the author of Psychology ; and is at work on a brief intro- 
 duction to Shakespeare, and a work on Psychology. His lecture 
 on The Tempest has attracted widespread attention, and he ha« 
 delivered several courses of lectures in Indiana designed espec- 
 ially for teachers' associations raft literary soewfciw. 
 
322 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Riley, John F., president Binghamton school of business, was 
 born Sept. 9, 1860, in Owego, N.Y. He was educated at Owego 
 academy, college of Mexico, university of Perugia in Italy and at 
 the Roman college. He is a great student of Roman history ; has 
 lived many years in Rome ; and is a noted lecturer on Roman his- 
 tory and archaeology. He is the founder and president of the 
 Binghampton school of business; and resides in Binghampton, 
 N.Y. 
 
 Ring, Orvis, state superintendent public instruction of Nevada, 
 was born July 21, 1833, in Starksboro, Vt. He was educated in 
 the public schools of Vermont, New York and Illinois; and in 
 1860 graduated from Wheaton college, 111. ; from which institu- 
 tion he received the degrees of A.B. and M.A. For over half a 
 century his life has been identified with educational work. In 
 1852 he commenced teaching ; and for six years was county super- 
 intendent of schools of Washoe county, Nevada; and has taught 
 in the public schools of Illinois, California and Nevada. He went 
 to Nevada while it was a territory in 1863; and has since been 
 identified with education work in that state. For seventeen years 
 he was principal of the Reno public schools. He is a member of 
 Reno lodge F. and A.M. ; is a thirty-second degree Mason ; has 
 been a Mason for forty years ; and for over twenty years has been 
 a member of the Knights of Pythias. He is now serving his fourth 
 term as state superintendent of public instruction of Nevada ; and 
 the close of his term will make a service of sixteen years in that 
 responsible position. His home is in Reno, Nevada, but for twelve 
 years has been in the office at the state capitol at Carson City, 
 Nevada. 
 
 Ripple, Ezra H., colonel Pennsylvania national guard, was 
 born Feb. 14, 1842, in Mauch Chunk, Pa. His military career be- 
 gan in 1862 as a private in the thirteenth regiment Pennsylvania 
 volunteers ; in 1863 he entered the thirtieth emergency regiment ; 
 and in 1864 became a member of the fifty-second Pennsylvania 
 regiment. In 1864-65 he was in the military prisons of Anderson- 
 ville and Florence. Since 1873 he has been a member of the coal 
 firm of "William Connell and company of Scranton, Pa. In 1879 
 he was elected treasurer of Lackawanna county, Pa. ; in 1886 be- 
 came mayor of Scranton, Pa. ; and in 1897 was appointed postmas- 
 ter of Scranton, Pa. He is a director in the Scranton axle works ; 
 a director in the Tribune publishing company, and prominently 
 identified with the business and public affairs of his city and state. 
 In 1877 he was made captain of the Scranton city guard ; in 1878 
 major of the thirteenth regiment Pennsylvania national guard ; in 
 1883 was made lieutenant-colonel; and in 1888-96 served as col- 
 onel. Since 1896 he has been colonel and assistant adjutant-gen- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 323 
 
 eral of the Pennsylvania national guard; and resides in Scran- 
 ton, Pa. 
 
 Rivers, William James, educator, college president, author, 
 was born July 18, 1822, in Charleston, S.C. He graduated from 
 the South Carolina college of Columbia in 1841. For seventeen 
 years he was professor of Greek literature in the State college of 
 South Carolina ; and for fourteen years was president of a college 
 in Maryland. He is the author of The Early History of South 
 Carolina ; Topics in the History of South Carolina ; a volume of 
 College Addresses and Other Occasional Pieces; The Poems El- 
 dred ; and numerous poems. 
 
 Rixey, Presley Marion, surgeon-general of the United States 
 navy, was born July 14, 1852, in Culpeper county, Va. He was 
 educated in the schools of Culpeper and Warrenton, Va. ; in 1873 
 graduated in medicine from the university of Virginia; and the 
 same year matriculated at Jefferson medical college of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. In 1874 he entered the United States navy as assistant 
 surgeon; became past assistant surgeon in 1877; and surgeon in 
 1888. In 1900 he was promoted to medical inspector; and in 1902 
 became surgeon-general with the rank of rear-admiral. He spent 
 eleven years at sea; and on shore was attached successively to 
 the naval hospital at Philadelphia, the navy yard at Norfolk and 
 at the naval dispensary at Washington, D.C. In 1898 he became 
 physician to the White House, and accompanied the President on 
 all his journeys and was for this reason in Buffalo when Presi- 
 dent McKinley was assasinated; was present and assisted at the 
 operation and took official charge of the case ; and was continued 
 as physician to President Roosevelt, in addition to his duty as 
 chief of the bureau of medicine and surgery, which position he 
 still fills. In 1893 he was decorated by the King of Spain for 
 services rendered the officers and men of the Santa Maria follow- 
 ing an explosion on that Spanish Caravel. He is a member of the 
 American medical association, the Washington medical society 
 and the association of military surgeons; and resides in Wash- 
 ington, D.C. 
 
 Roach, Erskine H., major Texas national guard, was born 
 April 10, 1873, in Memphis, Tenn. He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of Memphis and Nashville, Tenn. ; and is now 
 an accountant in the wholesale grocery business at Dallas, Tex. 
 He was in command of the post at Silver Springs, Tenn., as cap- 
 tain of the Tennessee national guard during the coal riots of 1890- 
 92. During the Spanish-American war he was adjutant second 
 battalion second Texas United States volunteers; and was in 
 command of troops at Galveston during and after the great storm. 
 
324 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Since 1901 he has held the rank of major in the Texas national 
 guard ; and resides in Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Roach, John Daniel, soldier, lawyer, was born May 1, 1842, in 
 Monroe county, Ala. He graduated from the university of Vir- 
 ginia, at Charlottesville. During the war he served under Gen. 
 R. E. Lee from April, 1861, to February, 1865 ; and subsequently 
 taught school in Alabama. He takes an active interest in the 
 political affairs of Louisiana at Mansfield, where he has a lucra- 
 tive practice, and has been successfully engaged in law for over a 
 quarter of a century. 
 
 Roach, Thomas Watson, educator, college president, govern- 
 ment official, author, was born Nov. 8, 1847, in Jefferson county, 
 Ohio. In 1890 he established the National commercial college of 
 Dennison, Texas ; and since 1903 has been president of the Kansas 
 wesleyan university at Salina. In 1901 he was mayor of Salina, 
 Kan. He is the author of Theory of Double-Entry Bookkeeping 
 Made Easy. 
 
 Robbins, William M., soldier, lawyer, state senator, congress- 
 man, was born in 1829 in Randolph county, N.C. He was elected 
 to the senate of North Carolina in 1868, and re-elected in 1870. 
 He was elected to the forty-third and forty-fourth congresses; 
 and was re-elected to the forty-fifth congress as a democrat; and 
 resides in Satesville, N.C. 
 
 Robertson, Mercer L., lawyer, was born April 22, 1859, in 
 Alexandria, Va. In 1881 he graduated in law from the university 
 of Virginia; and in 1882 received the degree of B.L. from Yale 
 college. He is one of the foremost lawyers of Texas at Dallas; 
 has been alderman of his city, and takes an active part in the pub- 
 lic affairs of his city, county and state. 
 
 Robinson, Orrin W., lumber merchant, state senator, was born 
 Aug. 12, 1834, in Claremont, N.H. In 1873 he organized the Stur- 
 geon River Lumber company of Chassell, Mich., of which he is 
 still president. He was a member of the Michigan house of rep- 
 resentatives in 1896 ; and served with distinction as a member 
 of the state senate in 1897-98. 
 
 Robinson, Sara Tappan Doolittle, author, was born July 12, 
 1827, in Belchertown, Mass. She is the wife of the late ex-Gover- 
 nor Charles Robinson, frequently called the war governor of 
 Kansas. She received a thorough education in the classical school 
 of her native city, now known as Salem academy. Mrs. Robinson 
 is the author of Kansas, its Interior and Exterior Life, a book 
 which was widely circulated and had great influence in the Kan- 
 sas struggle. She is a pleasing writer, and has contributed exten- 
 sively to the periodical press. She was the daughter of Myron 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 325 
 
 Lawrence, a distinguished lawyer, who did his state great honor 
 in various public capacities. 
 
 Robinson, Stillman Williams, educator, civil engineer, inven- 
 tor, author, was born March 6, 1838, in South Reading, Vt. In 
 1863 he graduated from the university of Michigan with the de- 
 gree of C.E. ; and subsequently received the degree of D.Sc. from 
 the Ohio state university. He served four years' apprenticeship 
 in a machine shop. His first invention was a thermometer grad- 
 uating machine ; and he has since taken out nearly fifty patents. 
 In 1863-66 he was assistant engineer on the United States lake 
 survey. In 1866-70 he was assistant engineer of geodesy and min- 
 ing at the university of Michigan; in 1870-78 was professor of 
 mechanical engineering at the university of Illinois ; and in 1878- 
 94 was professor of mechanical engineering at the Ohio state uni- 
 versity. He resigned to care for his inventions ; and is now pro- 
 fessor emeritus. In 1880-84 he was inspector of railways of Ohio ; 
 in 1888-90 was consulting engineer to the Santa Fe railway ; and 
 in 1887 was consulting engineer to the Lick telescope mountings. 
 He is the author of Railroad Economics; Strength of Wrought 
 Iron Bridge Members; Gearing and Odontograph; and Princi- 
 ples of Mechanism. He is president of the Robinson-Tilton Ma- 
 chinery company ; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Roche, John D., state senator of Indiana, was born Nov. 6, 
 1870, in Evansville, Ind. He was educated in the public and pri- 
 vate schools of Evansville and Mt. Vernon, Ind. He is a success- 
 ful journalist; and now editor of the Mt. Vernon Democrat of 
 Indiana. During President Cleveland's first term he was deputy 
 postmaster of Mt. Vernon, Ind.; and in 1891 he was committee 
 clerk in the Indiana house of representatives. He is an active 
 member of the democratic party ; and has been secretary of the 
 first district democratic committee. He is a member of the In- 
 diana state senate for the term of 1902-06 ; and resides in Mt. Ver- 
 non, Ind. 
 
 Rogers, Dennis Lucretius, lawyer, of Bellaire, Mich., was born 
 July 26, 1850. He graduated from Michigan university. He was 
 admitted to the bar of Kent county at Grand Rapids in 1873. He 
 is active in his profession and in the politics and industries of 
 Antrim county and the state of Michigan. He is a christian scien- 
 tist in religion. 
 
 Rogers, John 0., physician, surgeon, legislator, poet, was born 
 March 26, 1835, in Ireland. During the civil war he served in 
 the army as assistant surgeon, and since 1866 has practiced med- 
 icine in Pembroke, Maine. In 1890 he was elected to the state 
 senate of Maine. He is the author of several poems. 
 
326 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Rogers, Walter B., Morgan county treasurer of Illinois, was 
 born June 26, 1868, in Waverly, 111. He received his education in 
 the public schools of his native state; and graduated from the 
 Waverly high school. He is general manager of the Waverly tel- 
 ephone company ; and prominently identified with the business 
 and public affairs of his community. He is now county treasurer 
 of Morgan county ; and resides in Waverly, 111. 
 
 Rolfe, William James, scholar, educator, author, was born Dec. 
 10, 1827, in Newburyport, Mass. He is a distinguished Shakes- 
 pearean scholar and educator of Cambridge. He is the author of 
 Shakespeare the Boy; Life of Shakespeare; two annotated edi- 
 tions of Shakespeare, the Friendly Edition in twenty volumes, and 
 a School Edition in forty volumes; two editions of Tennyson; a 
 complete edition of Scott's Poems; and a series of annotated edi- 
 tions of selections from Tennyson, Browning, Wordsworth, Gray, 
 Goldsmith, Scott, and other English poets. He has also edited 
 Craik's English of Shakespeare; and other works. 
 
 Rollins, Charles Leonard, builder, astronomer, philosopher, 
 was born Nov. 7, 1856, in Carlton, N.Y. In 1877-78 he was a stu- 
 dent at Albion academy. In 1882-99 he was a contractor and 
 builder of Albion, N.Y. ; and in 1888 moved to Buffalo, N.Y. He 
 built the Pierce invalids' hotel and the World's dispensary of 
 Buffalo, N.Y. Since 1902 he has been general manager of the 
 Pixley land improvement company; and has built two thousand 
 houses. He is the author of Theories Regarding Light, Heat, 
 Magnetic Forces and General Physics, which he has expounded 
 before the International progressive league at Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 Rollins, Frank West, legislator, was born Feb. 24, 1860, in 
 Concord, N.H. He was educated at the Massachusetts institute 
 of technology; and at the Harvard law school. He served with 
 distinction in the New Hampshire state senate in 1895 ; and was 
 made president of that body. He is a successful lawyer and 
 banker; and originated the Old Home Week scheme in 1898, 
 which has since spread over a large part of the country. In 1899- 
 1900 he was governor of New Hampshire. He is head and gen- 
 eral manager of the banking house of E. H. Rollins and sons of 
 Boston, Mass. He still resides in the place of his nativity ; and 
 his portrait hangs in the council chamber of the state capitol. 
 
 Rook, Charles Alexander, journalist, publisher, president, was 
 born Aug. 11, 1861, in Pittsburg, Pa. ; and is a son of the late 
 Alexander W. Rook, part owner of the Pittsburg Dispatch. Upon 
 the death of his father in 1880, Charles Alexander Rook entered 
 the office of the Pittsburg Dispatch, and became collector, adver- 
 tising clerk, circulation bookkeeper and cashier. In 1888 he was 
 elected secretary, became treasurer and business manager in 1896 ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 327 
 
 and in 1902 secured control of the Dispatch Publishing company, 
 and has since been president and editor-in-chief of The Pittsburg 
 Dispatch ; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Roosevelt, Theodore, ex-president United States of America, 
 was born Oct. 27, 1858, in New York city. He is a politician and 
 municipal reformer of New York city ; and president of the board 
 of police commissioners of New York city from 1895 to 1897, 
 when he resigned that position to become assistant secretary of 
 the navy. He is the author of The Naval War of 1812 ; Hunting 
 Adventures of a Ranchman; Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail; 
 The Winning of the West; The Wilderness Hunter; Essays on 
 Practical Politics ; History of the City of New York ; and Lives of 
 Thomas H. Benton and Gouverneur Morris. During the Spanish- 
 American war he served with distinction as colonel of the Rough 
 Riders. In 1898 he was elected governor of the state of New 
 York. In 1900 he was unanimously nominated and subsequently 
 elected vice-president of the United States as a republican. Upon 
 the death of President McKinley in 1901 he became president of 
 the United States ; and in 1904 was elected to the same office for 
 term of 1905-09. 
 
 Root, Joseph C, founder of Woodcraft, was born Dec. 3, 1844, 
 in Chester, Mass. When ten years of his age his parents re- 
 moved to Lyons, Iowa. He received a liberal education; began 
 business for himself in a bookstore ; and afterward operated flour- 
 ing mills and elevators; and was United States deputy collector 
 when barely of age. In 1860 he founded the public library of 
 Lyons, Iowa; was admitted to the bar in 1879, and founded 
 Woodcraft and promulgated its rituals and teachings in 1883. He 
 has been twice mayor of Lyons, Iowa ; has been prominently iden- 
 tified in various business enterprises ; proposed and agitated the 
 construction of the Iowa Midland railway ; and was the secretary 
 of the Chicago, Lyons and Pacific railway. He established the 
 first telephone exchange west of the Mississippi river; has been 
 editor of two newspapers of extended circulation ; and is the au- 
 thor of the history and genealogy of the Root Family in England 
 and America ; and several other books. He is the sovereign com- 
 mander of the Woodmen of the World, and resides in Omaha, 
 Neb. The entire system now embraces over half a million mem- 
 bers, has disbursed many millions of dollars, and is increasing 
 rapidly ; and resides in Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Roots, Philander Keep, civil engineer, banker, was born June 
 4, 1838, in Tolland county, Conn. He is the son of the noted edu- 
 cator, Prof. B. G. Roots of Illinois. He received his education in 
 the Carrollton academy of Illinois and the Wesleyan university 
 of Bloomington. For several years he was principal of the high 
 
338 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 school in DuQuoki, III. He has been resident engineer on the 
 Mobile and Ohio railroad in Kentucky and Tennessee; United 
 States deputy surveyor in Nevada; chief engineer of the Cairo 
 and Fulton railroad in Arkansas and Missouri; and for over 
 twenty years was engaged in banking in Little Rock, Ark. ; and is 
 now in the real estate business. He is a prominent Mason and 
 ranks high in various other fraternal orders. For over thirty 
 years he has been a successful Sunday school superintendent in 
 the protestant episcopal church at Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Rosenberg, David H. t clergyman, physician, surgeon, was born 
 May 19, 1837, in Montgomery county, Pa. In 1867 he graduated 
 in Eclectie college in Cincinnati, Ohio. He practiced medicine for 
 fifteen years, then entered the ministry in the Evangelical church 
 as evangelist doctor for seventeen years; and practices medicine 
 at Mascotte, Fla., for the past twenty years. 
 
 Rothrock, Joseph Trimble, soldier, educator, author, was born 
 April 9, 1839, in McVeytown, Pa. In 1863 he was captain in 
 company E, twentieth regiment Pennsylvania cavalry. He is a 
 professor of botany in the university of Pennsylvania from 1877. 
 He founded and is superintendent of a sanitorium for consump- 
 tives at West Chester, Pa. He is author of Botany of the Wheeler 
 Expedition; Vacation Cruisings; Flora of Alaska; and Revision 
 of the North American Gaurineae. 
 
 Rouner, David Argyle, soldier, farmer, lawyer, legislator, was 
 born April 20, 1842, in Sligo, Ky. He served as a soldier in the 
 confederate army; was a member of the thirty-first and thirty- 
 second Missouri general assembly; and a member of the thirty- 
 sixth and thirty-seventh state senate. He is the author of many 
 of the revenue laws of Missouri. In 1901-05 he was prosecuting 
 attorney for Knox county, Mo.; and during his four years' ser- 
 vice never lost a case. He now resides in Edina, Mo. 
 
 Bourke, Patrick Henry, lawyer, legislator, was born Oct. 28, 
 1854, in Norristown, Pa. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the common schools, and attended the Northern Indiana 
 Normal college of Valparaiso, Ind. In 1882 he was admitted to 
 the bar in Chicago, 111., and moved the same year to the territory 
 of Dakota. He took up the practice of his profession at Lisbon, 
 N.D. ; has been city attorney; mayor of his city; district attor- 
 ney ; state 's attorney ; and in 1892 was the republican nominee for 
 attorney-general. He served with distinction as state senator in 
 the North Dakota state senate; and has been United States dis- 
 trict attorney for the district of North Dakota. 
 
 Row*, Albert, mayor of Saugerties, NT., was born May 4, 
 1846, in Albany, N.Y. He received his education in the public and 
 private schools of his native state. For many years he has been 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 329 
 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Sau- 
 gerties, N.Y. ; and connected with the wholesale meat and pro- 
 vision business. For the past ten years he has been manager of 
 the well-known firm of Schwarzschild and Sulzberger company at 
 Saugerties, N.Y., one of the largest wholesale meat and provision 
 corporations in the world. For eight years he has been mayor of 
 Saugerties, N.Y., ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust 
 and honor. Since 1898 he has been mayor for the city of Sauger- 
 ties; and resides in Saugerties, N.Y. 
 
 Rowe, Basil W., business president of New York City. He is 
 treasurer, trustee and member of the board of managers of the 
 Adams express company; vice-president and director of the 
 Adams land and building company ; president and director of the 
 Hollywood hotel and cottage company ; and a director in various 
 other corporations. He is a member of the Ohio society of New 
 York; and a member of the New York club and various other 
 clubs and societies. 
 
 Ruggles, Henry Stoddard, financier, author, was born Oct. 31, 
 1846, in Boston, Mass. He has been for many years engaged in 
 the management of trust property, having charge of large estates 
 in Boston. His residence is in the town of Wakefield, a suburb 
 of that city. During his leisure, he has turned his attention some- 
 what towards literature, writing over his own name as well as 
 his nom-de-plume of Henry Stoddard. He has also contributed 
 many papers to historical and other periodicals in addition to 
 several books; and his writings have been a valuable acquisition 
 to current literature. 
 
 Runyon, Walter Clark, iron manufacturer, business president, 
 was born April 9, 1857, in Chicago, 111. In 1871 he started in bus- 
 iness with the Union rolling mill company of Chicago, 111.; and 
 in 1879 was secretary of that company. In 1881 he joined the firm 
 of Runyon, Stubbs and company ; and in 1886 moved to Cleveland, 
 Ohio, to engage in the iron ore business. In 1894 he organized the 
 firm of Runyon, Stubbs and Mack ; and was engaged in the blast 
 furnace business as the Struthers furnace company. In 1901 he 
 moved to New York City ; and since that time has traveled exten- 
 sively in Europe. He is president of the Strothers furnace com- 
 pany ; president of the Strothers coal and coke company ; and is 
 senior partner of Runyon, Fairbank and company. 
 
 Russell, Addison Peale, journalist, state legislator, author, was 
 born Sept. 8, 1826, in Wilmington, Ohio. He was educated in the 
 common schools; and received the degree of Litt.D. from the 
 Ohio university. At the age of fifteen years he became an ap- 
 prentice to the printing trade; and later became an editor and 
 publisher. In 1855 he was a member of the Ohio state legisla- 
 
330 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ture ; and in 1857-61 was secretary of Ohio. For six years he was 
 in New York as financial agent of Ohio. He is the author of 
 Half Tints; Library Notes; Thomas Corwin; Characteristics; A 
 Club of One ; In a Club Corner ; and Sub-Coelum. 
 
 Ryals, Garland Mitchell, farmer, legislator, was born May 27, 
 1839, in Cumberland county, Va. During the civil war he was 
 color bearer of his company; became second sergeant, and was 
 finally promoted to captain and major of cavalry, and served on 
 the staffs of Lee, Stuart and Hampton. After the war he engaged 
 in merchandising, railroading and farming ; and in 1869 moved to 
 Savannah, Ga. In 1875 he was connected with a cotton farm, and 
 since 1880 has pursued truck farming. In 1890 he served with 
 distinction as a member of the Georgia state legislature. He is 
 vice-president of the Farmers' National congress, and has filled 
 various other public offices of trust. 
 
 Ryan, Thomas F., judge Clackamas county court of Oregon, 
 was born April 9, 1859, in Centreville, Kent county, R.I. He was 
 educated in the Providence and Holyoke high schools and acad- 
 emy ; and attained success in the practice of law in Oregon City, 
 Ore. For two years he was mayor of Oregon City ; city recorder 
 for six years ; water commissioner for five years ; chief of fire de- 
 partment; school clerk for eight years; school director for five 
 years ; and member of the executive committee of state good roads 
 association. He has been chairman of the republican county com- 
 mittee; a member of the congressional committee. He has been 
 grand high priest R. A. M. of Oregon ; grand patriarch Independ- 
 ent Order of Odd Fellows ; and for four years was grand repre- 
 sentative from Oregon to the sovereign grand lodge Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows. Since 1888 he has been judge of the 
 county court for Clackamas county ; and resides in Oregon City, 
 Ore. 
 
 Sackett, Henry W., educator, lawyer, author, was born Aug. 
 31, 1853, in Enfield, N.Y. In 1870 he graduated from Ithaca acad- 
 emy ; and in 1875 graduated from Cornell university. He taught 
 Latin and Greek in the Monticello military academy; and then 
 moved to New York city; where he combined law studied with 
 the writing of court reports and special articles on legal subjects 
 for the New York Tribune. He has been on the staff of the gov- 
 ernor of New York, with rank of colonel. He has attained suc- 
 cess in his profession of law; and has taken part in the reform 
 movements affecting New York's municipal affairs. He is the 
 author of Law of Libel for Newspaper Men. 
 
 Safford, James Merrill, educator, geologist, chemist, was born 
 Aug. 13, 1822, in Putnam, now a part of Zanesville, Ohio. In 
 1844 he graduated at the Ohio university, and afterward attended 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 331 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 Yale university, from which institution he subsequently received 
 the degree of Ph.D. During 1848-72 he was professor of natural 
 science in Cumberland university; during 1873-96 was professor 
 of chemistry in the medical department of the university of Nash- 
 ville ; in the medical department of the Vanderbilt university dur- 
 ing 1873-94 ; and since 1875 he has also been professor of natural 
 history and geology in the Vanderbilt university. In 1854-60 he 
 was state geologist at Tennessee, and since 1871 has filled the 
 same position. He is the author of a series of reports on the Ge- 
 ology of Tennessee, and various other works. 
 
 Sahler, Charles Oliver, physician, surgeon, was born June 23, 
 1 854, in Ulster county, N.Y. For twenty-seven years he practiced 
 medicine in Ulster county, N.Y. ; and in 1899 founded the Sahler 
 sanitarium of Kingston, N.Y. He is the author of Psychic Life 
 and Law ; and American Psychologist. 
 
 Salisbury, Albert, soldier, educator, college president, author, 
 was born Jan. 24, 1843, in Lima, Wis. In 1870 he graduated from 
 the Milton college of Wisconsin ; and received the degrees of 
 A.M. and Ph.D. from that institution. He served as a private 
 soldier during the civil war in the thirteenth regiment Wisconsin 
 volunteer infantry. Since 1885 he has been president of the state 
 normal school of Whitewater, Wis. He is the author of Phomol- 
 ogy and Orthoepy ; History of Normal Instruction in Wisconsin ; 
 and The Theory of Teaching. 
 
 Sanders, Dallas, civil service commissioner for the city of 
 Philadelphia, was born Jan. 13, 1848, in Philadelphia, Pa. For 
 three years he was a student at the university of Western Penn- 
 sylvania; studied law with Judge George M. Dallas; and in 1869 
 was admitted to the bar. For several years he was editor of the 
 Legal Intelligencer of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1878-81 he was assist- 
 ant district attorney for Philadelphia county, Pa. ; in 1882-84 was 
 a member of the common councils of Philadelphia ; and chairman 
 of the survey committee. He has been a delegate to many demo- 
 cratic city and state conventions ; in 1880 was a national dele- 
 gate ; and in 1887 was state chairman. In 1893 he was appointed 
 practically for life, by the judges of Philadelphia county, as a 
 member of the board for city trusts, which has charge of all be- 
 quests and charities of the city of Philadelphia, especially Girard 
 college and Wills Eye hospital. On March 5, 1906, the general 
 assembly of Pennsylvania passed a civil service act for cities of 
 the first class, which included Philadelphia. On March 15, 1906, 
 Mr. Sanders resigned from the board of city trusts, and he was 
 on the same day appointed by the mayor of Philadelphia as one 
 of the civil service commissioners for the term of three years 
 under this new act. 
 
332 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Sanders, James Morton, judge Shelby county court of Texas, 
 was born Nov. 9, 1870, in Shelby county, Texas. He was educated 
 in the public schools of Center, Tex. ; and at the public and pri- 
 vate schools of Lebanon, Tenn. For four years he was county 
 attorney of Shelby county, Texas; and has filled several other 
 positions of trust and honor. Since 1902 he has been judge of 
 the county court for Shelby county ; and resides in Center, Tex. 
 
 Sanford, Stephen, manufacturer, congressman, was born May 
 26, 1826, in Mayfield, N.Y. He was educated in the public schools ; 
 at the academy of Amsterdam, N.Y. ; at the Georgetown college 
 of the District of Columbia ; and for two years was a student at 
 West Point. In 1884 he entered the carpet manufacturing busi- 
 ness, now one of the largest establishments of its kind in the 
 county. He founded the Amsterdam reservoir company, by 
 which a thousand acres of land have been flooded by the waters 
 of the Chunctanunda Creek, supplying water power for its own 
 and other manufactories. He is president of the Amsterdam res- 
 ervoir company; president of the Chunctanunda gas light com- 
 pany ; president of the Amsterdam national bank ; and president 
 of the Greenhill cemetery association. He is an agriculturist and 
 a breeder of horses and cattle. In 1869-71 he was a representative 
 from New York to the forty-first congress as a republican. He 
 founded a home for elderly women of Montgomery county; and 
 presented it to the city of Amsterdam, N.Y. He also built the 
 Children's home; and has been a large contributor to the hospit- 
 als and churches of his community. 
 
 Sawyer, Joseph Henry, professor of education, was born May 
 
 29, 1842, in Davenport, N.Y. He received a thorough education ; 
 and graduated from Amherst college of Massachusetts. He has 
 attained success in the educational world ; and has held numerous 
 positions of trust and honor. He is now principal of Williston 
 seminary at Easthampton, Mass. 
 
 Sayers, Joseph D., soldier, lawyer, congressman, governor, was 
 born Sept. 23, 1841, in Grenada, Miss. He served as a member of 
 the Texas state senate in the session of 1873 ; and was lieutenant- 
 governor of Texas in 1879-80. He was elected to the forty-ninth, 
 fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third and fifty-fourth con- 
 gresses, and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress from Texas as a 
 democrat. In 1898 he was elected governor of the state of Texas; 
 and was re-elected to a second term in 1900. He served his state 
 with great executive ability as governor of Texas until the expira- 
 tion of his term in 1903. He is prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of Austin, Texas. 
 
 Sayres, Edw. Stalker, soldier, lawyer, financier, was born July 
 
 30, 1850, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1872-73 he was recorder of the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTUKY 333 
 
 law academy of Philadelphia, Pa. He has been first lieutenant of 
 company D, first regiment infantry Pennsylvania national guard ; 
 and served in the labor riots in 1875 and 1877, resigning his com- 
 mission in 1880. He has attained eminence as a lawyer ; has been 
 a director of the Merchants trust company, treasurer of the Penn- 
 sylvania civil service reform association, recording secretary of 
 the genealogical society of Pennsylvania, treasurer of the general 
 military order of foreign wars, and secretary of the society of 
 colonial wars in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Scanlon, Lawrence, clergyman, bishop, was born Sept. 29, 
 1843, in Ireland. He was educated in the common schools; and 
 in 1868 graduated from the college of Dublin, Ireland ; in 1868 he 
 was ordained to the priesthood ; in 1868-70 he was assistant pastor 
 of St. Patrick's church; and in 1870-71 was assistant pastor of 
 St. Mary's cathedral of San Francisco, Cal. For three months he 
 filled a pastorate in Woodland, Cal. ; and for a short time preached 
 in Piche, Nev., and Peteluma, Cal. In 1873 he was appointed pas- 
 tor of Salt Lake City and of the whole territory of Utah ; and in 
 1887 was consecrated bishop of Laranda and vicar apostolic of 
 Utah. In 1891 he was appointed first bishop of Salt Lake City. 
 
 Scarborough, William Saunders, educator, college president, 
 author, was born Feb. 16, 1852, in Macon, Ga. In 1875 he grad- 
 uated from Oberlin college with the honorary degrees of A.M., 
 Ph.D. and LL.D. and for a short time was a student at the OberliD 
 theological seminary. In 1891-95 he was professor of Greek in 
 the Payne theological seminary of Wilberforce, Ohio; for nine- 
 teen years he was professor of classical Greek; and is now vice- 
 president of Wilberforce university. He is exegetical editor of 
 the Sunday school publication of the African methodist episcopal 
 church. He is the author of First Lessons in Greek ; Theory and 
 Functions of the Thematic Vowel in the Greek Verb ; our Political 
 Status ; Birds of Aristophanes, a Theory of Interpretation. 
 
 Schneider, August C., reporter state supreme court of Mon- 
 tana. He is reporter of the state supreme court of Montana ; and 
 resides in Helena, Mont. 
 
 Schaeffer, Nathan C, superintendent of public instruction of 
 Pennsylvania, was born Feb. 3, 1849, in Maxatawny township, 
 Berks county. Pa, He graduated from the Franklin and Marshall 
 college of Lancaster, Pa. ; and attended the universities of Berlin, 
 Tubingen and Leipsig. He has received the honorary degrees of 
 A.M., Ph.D., D.D. and LL.D. In 1875-77 he was a professor in 
 the Franklin and Marshall college ; in 1877-93 was principal of 
 the Keystone state normal school ; and is a clergyman of the 
 reformed church in the United States. He is a member of the 
 commission of industrial education; secretary of the Medical 
 
334 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 council of Pennsylvania ; secretary of the Dental council of Penn- 
 sylvania ; secretary of the college and university council of Penn- 
 sylvania ; and in 1905-07 was president of the National educational 
 association. He is the author of Thinking and Learning to Think ; 
 and History of Education in Pennsylvania. He is superintendent 
 of public instruction for the commonwealth of Pennsylvania; is 
 serving his fifth term of 1909-14 ; and resides in Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Schoellkopf, Arthur, manufacturer, banker, business presi- 
 dent, was born June 13, 1856, in Buffalo, N.Y. He was educated 
 in the public schools, at St. Joseph's college of Buffalo, at Bryant 
 and Stratton's business college, and studied four years in Ger- 
 many. He is president of the Niagara Falls mill company, Cliff 
 paper company, Gluck realty company, and the Niagara Falls 
 brewing company. He is also secretary-treasurer and general 
 manager of the Niagara Falls hydraulic power and manufactur- 
 ing company of Niagara Falls, N.Y. ; and was mayor of that city. 
 Schuyler, James Dix, hydraulic engineer, author, was born 
 May 11, 1848, in Ithaca, N.Y. In 1863-68 he attended Friend's 
 college ; and also further studied under private tutors. In 1869, 
 73 he was engaged in railroad construction. In 1878-82 he was 
 assistant state engineer of California; and in 1882-84 was chief 
 engineer and superintendent of the Cinaloa and Durango railroad 
 in Mexico. In 1884-85 he built a section of the sea-wall in San 
 Francisco; in 1887-88 built Sweetwater dam; has built water 
 works in Denver and Portland; various irrigation works in the 
 west ; and is now a successful hydraulic engineer of Los Angeles, 
 Cal. He is the author of Reservoirs for Irrigations ; Water Power 
 and Domestic Water Supply ; and other works. 
 
 Scott, Charles, soldier, lawyer, banker, was born Nov. 7, 1847, 
 in Jackson, Miss. At the age of fifteen he joined the confederate 
 army, and served wtih distinction. He is one of the leading law- 
 yers of the south at Rosedale, Miss. ; the president of the bank of 
 Rosedale ; prominent in the public affairs of his city, county and 
 state ; and for many years was president of the Mississippi levee 
 commissioners. He is possessed of a constructive talent which 
 places him in the front rank of lawmakers; and his name has 
 several times been mentioned in connection with the senatorship 
 of his state ; and resides in Rosedale, Miss. He was a candidate 
 for governor in 1907, and received only about three thousand 
 votes less than his successful competitor. 
 
 Scott, Charles Frederick, journalist, congressman, author, was 
 born Sept. 7, 1860, near Iola, Kansas. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the common schools of his native county, and 
 at the Kansas State university. Since 1892 he has been the owner 
 and editor of The Register of Iola, Kan. In 1891 he became a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 335 
 
 member of the board of regents of the state university ; was pres- 
 ident of the Kansas State Editorial association in 1893 ; president 
 of the Kansas State Republican league in 1895 ; and a candidate 
 for presidential elector in 1896. In 1892-96 he was a member of 
 the senate of the Kansas state legislature ; and on several impor- 
 tant committees; and served with distinction in that body. In 
 1901-11 he was a represenative from Kansas to the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses. He is the author 
 of In the Par East ; and other works. 
 
 Scott, Harvey W., journalist, was born Feb. 1, 1838, near 
 Peoria, 111. He received the rudiments of his education in various 
 schools in Oregon, and graduated from the Pacific university. In 
 1864 he moved to Portland, Ore., intending to follow the profes- 
 sion of law, but took up writing for the press. Since 1865 he has 
 been the editor of The Oregonian, the leading daily newspaper of 
 that state. To this publication he has since devoted his attention. 
 He is a clear and forcible writer, and a man of executive ability 
 and untiring energy. 
 
 Scott, Rufus Leonard, lawyer, was born March 31, 1835, in 
 Lanesborough, Mass. In 1861 he was admitted to the bar, and 
 has since continued the practice of law in the city of New York, 
 residing in Brooklyn. In 1877 he was elected registrar of arrears 
 for the city of Brooklyn ; and he was instrumental in having the 
 plan of advertising the tax sales in pamphlet form for distribu- 
 tion, with a reference notice in the daily papers, insead of adver- 
 tising in detail through the press ; and this measure subsequently 
 became a law. He has been a member of the board of aldermen ; 
 a member of the board of education ; was a leader in securing 
 rapid transit for the city ; one of the promoters and founders of 
 the Bushwick and East Brooklyn dispensary ; and also one of the 
 founders of the Bushwick Savings bank; and resides in Brooklyn, 
 N.Y. 
 
 Scovel, Charles Woodruff, member republican party of Penn- 
 sylvania, was born Aug. 16, 1862, in Springfield, Ohio. In 1883 
 he graduated from Western university of Pennsylvania with the 
 degree of A.B. ; attended the Columbia university law school in 
 1883-84; and the university of Berlin in 1884-85.' In 1886-97 he 
 practiced law in Pittsburg, Pa. ; and since 1897 has been manager 
 for Western Pennsylvania of the Provident savings life assurance 
 society of New York. In 1901-02 he was president of the Pitts- 
 burg life underwriters' association; and in 1905-06 was president 
 of the national association of life underwriters. He is a member 
 of the republican political party ; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Seaman, Albert Owen, lieutenant United States army, was 
 born Feb. 7, 1877, in Greenville, 111. He was educated at the 
 
336 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Greenville college and at the Gem city business college. He is by 
 profession an expert accountant. In 1900 he was first lieutenant 
 in the Porto Rico regiment ; and in 1901 became second lieutenant 
 in the eleventh infantry. Since 1903 he has held the rank of 
 first lieutenant in the fifteenth infantry ; and is now stationed on 
 the transport Meade as quartermaster United States army. 
 
 Seaman, William Henry, educator, chemist, scientist, was born 
 Nov. 1, 1837, in New York City. In 1872 he received the degree 
 of B.L. from Columbian university; and in 1883 received the de- 
 gree of M.D. from Howard university. In 1869-79 he was en- 
 gaged in museum work in the United States department of agri- 
 culture ; and since 1879 has been examiner in the United States 
 patent office. In 1891 he was president of the Washington micro- 
 scopical society; and in 1894 was president of the Washington 
 chemical society. He has made valuable researches on the micro- 
 scopical anatomy of plants. 
 
 Searight, James Allison, president People's bank of Fayette 
 county, Pennsylvania, was born Sept. 13, 1836, in Fayette county, 
 Pa. He received an academical education at Dunlap Creek Pres- 
 byterian academy of Fayette county, Pa. ; and in 1863 graduated 
 from Kenyon college of Gambier, Ohio. He has been engaged in 
 Uniontown in the banking business, the steel business, the timber 
 business, and in the real estate and insurance business; and also 
 in general business such as the settling up of estates. He assisted 
 in obtaining a charter for the People's bank of Fayette county, 
 was its cashier, and in 1889 became president of that institution. 
 He is the author of A Record of the Searight Family in America, 
 which has become recognized as a standard genealogical work. 
 His brother, Thomas B. Searight, a collegemate of James G. 
 Blaine, was a representative and state senator in the Pennsyl- 
 vania state legislature ; was surveyor-general of the territory of 
 Colorado under General Grant; was the author of The History 
 of the National Road ; and resided in Uniontown until his death 
 in 1899. Mr. James A. Searight is still president of the People's 
 bank of Fayette county ; and resides in Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 Searles, William Henry, civil engineer, author, was born June 
 4, 1837, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated in private schools ; 
 at the Wesleyan university; and in 1860 graduated from the 
 Rensselaer polytechnic institute ; in 1862-64 he was professor of 
 geodesy and road engineering at the Rensselaer polytechnic insti- 
 tute ; in 1864-85 was engaged in locating and constructing rail- 
 ways in Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Indiana and New York ; in 
 1876-78 he was engineer of the New York state canals ; and since 
 1880 has been a consulting engineer in general practice. He is 
 the author of Field Engineering; and The Railway Spiral, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 837 
 
 Sechler, Thomas Mackey, soldier, manufacturer, was born Oct. 
 25, 1841, in Milton, Pa. He was educated in the high schools of 
 Ironton and Cincinnati, Ohio; and in 1863 graduated from Ma- 
 rietta college where he subsequently received the degrees of A.B. 
 and A.M. In 1863-65 he served in the civil war; and was pro- 
 moted through the various grades of first lieutenant, acting assist- 
 ant quartermaster and acting assistant adjutant-general and 
 provost-marshal. In 1866-69 he was engaged in the iron business 
 in Cincinnati, Ohio; and in 1869-71 was in the same business in 
 Montgomery county, Tenn. In 1877-88 he was a carriage manu- 
 facturer of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and since 1897 has been engaged in 
 the manufacture of carriages, corn planters and other planting 
 tools and implements. He is president of two carriage compa- 
 nies; president of the "Wright carriage body company; director 
 of the Mutual wheel company ; director of the American harvest- 
 ing company; and until 1907 was vice-president of the savings 
 bank and trust company of Moline, HI. He was a director of the 
 Cincinnati technical school; and for a time was trustee of the 
 Miline public library. 
 
 Beelye, Laurenus Clark, clergyman, college president, was 
 born Sept. 20, 1837, in Bethel, Conn. For eight years this emi- 
 nent clergyman was professor of English literature and rhetoric 
 in Amherst college; and since 1873 has been president of the 
 Smith College for Women of Northampton, Mass. 
 
 Beiber, William, mayor of Central City, W.Va., was born Feb. 
 5, 1869, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a successful business 
 man and manufacturer of Central City, W.Va. ; proprietor of the 
 Central Veneer company; and prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of his city. He has filled various posi- 
 tions of trust and honor; and as mayor of his eity has shown 
 great business and executive ability. Since 1900 he has filled the 
 office of mayor of Central City ; and resides in Central City, W.Va. 
 
 Seidell, Edwin Van Deusen, lieutenant-colonel Pennsylvania 
 national guard, was born Dec. 23, 1858, in Lawrenceville, Alle- 
 gheny county, Pa. He is a descendant of Colonel Samuel Selden, 
 who was captured by the British at the battle of Long Island, and 
 died in a prison in 1774. He was educated in the public and pri- 
 vate schools of Meadville, Pa. ; and at the Episcopal academy of 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He is a well-known oil refiner and producer; 
 is connected with the Crystal oil works of Oil City, Pa. ; president 
 of the Oil City oil exchange ; and has filled various other positions 
 of trust and honor. He has been quartermaster of the sixteenth 
 regiment national guard of Pennsylvania; and in 1898 became 
 colonel of the twenty-first regiment infantry. He is lieutenant- 
 
338 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 colonel and inspector of rifle practice for the Pennsylvania divi- 
 sion of the Pennsylvania national guard ; and resides in Oil City, 
 Pa. 
 
 Sell, Edward Herman Miller, physician, surgeon, founder, au- 
 thor, was born Aug. 16, 1832, in Lehigh county, Pa. In 1876 he 
 was one of the seven organizers of the American academy of med- 
 icine ; and has spent more than six years abroad in the interest of 
 medicine and science. He is the author of several medical mono- 
 graphs ; and in 1869-80 was editor of the Physician and Pharma- 
 cist. 
 
 Sewall, May Wright, educator, lecturer, author, was born 
 May 27, 1844, in Milwaukee, Wis. She received the rudiments of 
 her education in the district schools; attended the Tafton acad- 
 emy and Northwestern university. She has been president of the 
 National Council of Women of the United States ; president of the 
 Propylaeum association of Indianapolis; and president of the 
 Ramabai Circle of Indianapolis. She has contributed to the press 
 on historical, literary and reform subjects; a large number of 
 pamphlets and monographs on educational and reform topics; 
 and her public addresses have been very numerous. She is now 
 engaged in educational work in Indianapolis, Ind., and has charge 
 of the Girls' Classical school of that city, of which her husband 
 was the founder. In 1899 she became president of the Interna- 
 tional council of women ; and was a commissioner to the congress 
 convened at Paris in connection with the Paris exposition. She 
 is the author of Historical Resume of the World's Congress of 
 Representative Women. 
 
 Seward, William Henry, soldier, banker, was born June 18, 
 1839, in Auburn, N.Y. He served throughout the civil war in 
 1861-65 in defenses of Washington in the army of the Potomac, 
 department of West Virginia; and was wounded and promoted 
 for gallantry. He was colonel with the New York heavy artil- 
 lery; and obtained the rank of brigadier-general United States 
 volunteers. In 1860 he founded and is still at the head of the 
 banking house of William H. Seward and company of Auburn, 
 N.Y. In 1888 he was president of the New York state' electoral 
 college; has been president of the Cayuga county savings bank; 
 president of the Auburn city hospital; president of the Cayuga 
 county historical society; director of the American express com- 
 pany; and prominent in various institutions. 
 
 Shaffer, Thomas Jefferson, soldier, sugar planter, was born 
 Oct. 9, 1842, in Terrebonne parish, La. He was educated at the 
 Centenary college of Jackson, La. In 1861 he entered the con- 
 federate service as a private in the first battalion Louisiana in- 
 fantry; was promoted second lieutenant in the twenty-sixth 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 339 
 
 Louisiana infantry ; was in the battle of Chickasaw Bayau ; was at 
 the fall of New Orleans and through the siege of Vicksburg ; and 
 served until the close of the civil war. He has been president 
 of the police jury ; is a successful sugar planter of Franklin, La. ; 
 and prominently identified with the business and public affairs 
 of his community. He was commander of Florian Cornay camp, 
 united confederate veterans ; and in 1909-10 was commander of the 
 Louisiana division united confederate veterans. 
 
 Shanklin, John H., soldier, lawyer, legislator, was born Nov. 
 2, 1824, in Monroe county, W.Va. For several years he was en- 
 gaged in educational work; in 1851-52 was probate judge of 
 Grundy county, Mo. ; and since 1852 has practiced law in Trenton. 
 He served in the Mexican war; and in 1861 was commissioned 
 division inspector with rank of colonel. He was mustered in the 
 twenty-third regiment Missouri volunteer infantry; subsequently 
 mustered in two battalions of Missouri militia ; and in 1862 helped 
 to organize the Missouri state militia, of which he was commis- 
 sioned lieutenant-colonel. He subsequently organized the thir- 
 tieth regiment enrolled militia of Missouri, and was commissioned 
 colonel of same. He was a member of the constitutional conven- 
 tion which framed the existing constitution of Missouri ; in 1869- 
 71 he was president of the Chillicothe and Des Moines City Rail- 
 way company; and in 1890-91 was a member of the board of 
 town-site commissioners at Guthrie, Okla. He is president of the 
 Grundy county coal company ; and for many years was presi- 
 dent of the Trenton handle manufacturing company; and the 
 Trenton gas and electric light company ; and is now a retired law- 
 yer of Trenton, Mo. 
 
 Shannon, Richard Cutts, lawyer, legislator, congressman, was 
 born Feb. 12, 1839, in New London, Conn. He was educated at 
 the public schools and at Colby university, from which he was 
 graduated as a member of the class of 1862. He enlisted as a 
 private in company H, fifth Maine volunteers in 1861, and was 
 promoted to second sergeant, and in 1861 commissioned first lieu- 
 tenant of the same company. In 1862 he was commissioned cap- 
 tain and assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, serving contin- 
 uously till the end of the war, receiving the brevets of major 
 and lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. In 1871 he was appointed 
 by President Grant secretary of the United States legation at Rio 
 de Janeiro, Brazil, and served until 1875, when he resigned. In 
 1876 he took charge of the Botanical garden railroad company, 
 an American enterprise in Brazil, of which he subsequently be- 
 came the vice-president and general manager, and finally the pres- 
 ident. In 1891 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and min- 
 ister plenipotentiary of the United States to the republics of Nic- 
 
340 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 aragua, Costa Rica, and Salvador, and served until 1893. He was 
 elected to the fifty-fourth and re-elected to the fifty-fifth con- 
 gress as a republican. 
 
 Sharpless, Isaac, educator, college president, author, was born 
 Dec. 16, 1848, in Chester county, Pa. Since 1887 he has been 
 president of Haverford college of Pennsylvania. He is the author 
 of Astronomy ; Geometry ; English Education ; Quakerism and 
 Politics ; and Two Centuries of Pennsylvania History. 
 
 Shaver, Edwin, soldier, business man, was born Sept. 3, 1841, 
 in Salisbury, N.C. He was educated at the free school of Salis- 
 bury, N.C. ; attended Allison school of Salisbury. N.C; Hallo- 
 well's high school of Alexandria, Va. ; Princeton college of New 
 Jersey ; and Harvard university of Cambridge, Mass. During the 
 civil war he served as a private in the first North Carolina cav- 
 alry ; and participated in numerous battles and skirmishes. He is 
 a ruling elder in the First Congregational church of Salisbury, 
 N.C. For many years he has been identified with the real estate 
 business of Salisbury, N.C; and is prominently identified with 
 the business and public affairs of that city. 
 
 Shaw, Charles Gray, educator, author, was born June 23, 1871, 
 in Elizabeth, N.J. In 1894 he graduated from Cornell university 
 with the degree of B.L. ; in 1897 he graduated from the New 
 York university as Ph.D. ; and in 1897 received the degree of 
 B.D. from Drew theological seminary. He was a student of phil- 
 osophy at Jena in Berlin. Since 1899 he has been professor of 
 philosophy in the New York university; and is constantly en- 
 gaged in the work of public lecturing. He is a member of the 
 American philosophical association; a member of the religious 
 education association ; a member of the Society of colonial wars ; 
 a member of the Sons of the revolution. He is the author of 
 Christianity and Modern Culture; The Precinct of Religion; and 
 The Development of Philosophy. 
 
 Shea, Daniel William, educator, legislator, scientist, author, 
 was born Nov. 27, 1859, in Portsmouth, N.H. He was educated in 
 the public schools of Greenland and at Brackett academy of New 
 Hampshire; and Harvard university, from which institution he 
 received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. He subsequently studied 
 in Berlin; and in 1892 received the degree of Ph.D. from Fried- 
 rich- Wilhelm's university. In 1886-88 he was a member of the 
 New Hampshire state legislature from Greenland. In 1889-92 he 
 was assistant in physics at Harvard university; in 1892-94 filled 
 the same chair in the university of Illinois ; and was professor of 
 physics in that institution in 1894-95. Since 1895 he has been pro- 
 fessor of physics at the Catholic university of America at "Wash- 
 ington, D.C In 1897-1903 he was general secretary of the Catho- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 341 
 
 lie university of America; and is a member of the American 
 physical society and other scientific associations. He is the author 
 of several scientific works in German. 
 
 Sheehan, William F., of New York, chairman executive com- 
 mittee democratic national committee, was born Nov. 6, 1859, in 
 Buffalo, N.Y. He received his education in the public schools 
 and graduated from St. Joseph's college of Buffalo, N.Y. He at- 
 tained prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of his state; 
 and has always been prominently identified with local and na- 
 tional politics. In 1885-91 he was a member of the state assembly 
 of New York ; and in 1891 was speaker of the state assembly. In 
 1892-94 he was lieutenant-governor of the state of New York; 
 and in 1901 was chairman of the executive committee of the dem- 
 ocratic national committee in the campaign of 1904. He now prac- 
 tices his profession in New York city. 
 
 Shepard, Edward Martin, educator, geologist, author, was 
 born May 15, 1854, in West Winstead, Conn. He was educated 
 in Russells collegiate and military institute of New Haven, Conn. ; 
 at Williams college and at the Waynesburg college of Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1878 he was professor of natural science in Waynes- 
 burg college. Since 1879 he has been professor of biology and 
 geology; in 1893-94 he was acting president; and since 1903 has 
 been dean of Drury college ; in 1894-95 he was special assistant 
 of the Missouri geological survey; and since 1903 has been field 
 assistant of the department of hydrology in the United States 
 geological survey. Since 1893 he has been a member of the board 
 of managers ; in 1903-06 he was vice-president ; and since 1906 has 
 been secretary of the Missouri bureau of geology and mines. He 
 is the author of Systematic Mineral Record. 
 
 Shepherd, James Leftwich, judge district court of Texas, was 
 born July 22, 1860, in White Plains, Ala. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools of Virginia ; and at the Texas military 
 institute. He soon acquired prominence at the bar. He has been 
 profesor of mathematics and latin at the Texas military insti- 
 tute; professor of mathematics at the state agricultural and me- 
 chanical college of Texas; and professor at the Texas German 
 and English academy. He has been district surveyor of the land 
 district of Texas ; and president of the board of trustees of Colo- 
 rado public schools for ten years. He has been county attorney 
 for Mitchell county; and has filled other positions of trust and 
 honor. He is a member of the Texas state bar association; a 
 member of the knights of pythias ; and of various other fraternal 
 and patriotic orders. Since 1900 he has been judge of the thirty- 
 second judicial district court of Texas; and resides in Colorado, 
 Texas. 
 
342 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Sherrick, David E., of the Sherrick land company of Indian- 
 apolis, Ind., was born March 9, 1861, in Hamilton county, Ind. 
 He was educated in the public schools of his native state; and 
 graduated from the high school. For awhile he was engaged in 
 educational work. He then became interested in insurance; at- 
 tained success as an underwriter ; and is now engaged in the real 
 estate business. In 1902-06 he was auditor of the state of Indiana ; 
 and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 Indianapolis, Ind.; and is head of the Sherrick land company 
 of that city. 
 
 Shine, John W., lawyer, jurist, was born April 8, 1861, at 
 Courtland, Ontario, Canada. When about a year old he, with his 
 parents, moved to Port Austin, Michigan. He received his pri- 
 mary schooling at the high school at Port Crescent, Mich., and 
 after finishing his education took up the study of the law. In 
 1888 he located in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and continued the 
 study of law, and was called to the bar in 1890. He has been 
 engaged in the practice of his profession at Sault Ste. Marie 
 where he enjoys a large and lucrative practice. He has been 
 connected with some of the most important cases tried in the 
 state and federal courts of that state. He served three terms as 
 corporation counsel for the city; and many of the most whole- 
 some and beneficial legislation of the city was framed and enacted 
 at his suggestion. He has traveled extensively in the Holy Land 
 and Egypt and other Mediterranean countries. 
 
 Shippen, Joseph, educator, lawyer, was born Sept. 10, 1839, 
 in Meadville, Pa. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools; and at Allegheny college of Pennsylvania; and gradu- 
 ated from Harvard university with the degree of A.B. and A.M. 
 He was commissioned by the state of Pennsylvania to visit, relieve 
 and report as to sick and wounded Pennsylvania soldiers in the 
 civil war. He was agent and secretary of the United States sani- 
 tary commission for western Pennsylvania at Pittsburg. For one 
 year he taught in a high school of Worcester, Mass. ; and was mas- 
 ter and chancery of the United States circuit court for the eastern 
 district of Missouri. 
 
 Shiras, Oliver Perry, soldier, lawyer, jurist, author, was born 
 Oct. 22, 1833, in Pittsburg, Pa. He removed to Dubuque, Iowa, 
 and was there admitted to the bar in 1856. He was aid-de-camp 
 and judge advocate on the staff of General Herron in the army 
 of the frontier during 1862 and 1863 ; and in 1882-93 he was United 
 States district judge for the northern district of Iowa. He is the 
 author of Equity Practice in Circuit Courts of United States. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 343 
 
 Shoemaker, William Lukens, philologist, poet, was born July 
 19, 1822, in Georgetown, D.C. He is of Quaker descent. He grad- 
 uated in medicine, but never practiced the profession. His poems, 
 bird songs, translations from the German of Heine and others, are 
 distinguished by rare perfection of form and melody. He is best 
 known for his Sweetheart Bird Song, set to music by Balfe, the 
 English composer. As a linguist and poet he holds a masterly 
 rank. 
 
 Shortlidge, Joseph, soldier, educator, jurist, founder, college 
 president, was born Aug. 1, 1832, in Chester county, Pa. He re- 
 ceived a thorough academic education; and in 1863 graduated 
 from Yale college, from which institution he received the degree 
 of Master of Arts. He taught in the public schools of Pennsyl- 
 vania; and was principal of Putnam academy of New York; and 
 principal of Fairville institute of Pennsylvania. In 1862 he 
 founded Maplewood institute. In 1863 he was sworn in as a 
 volunteer when Gen. Lee invaded Pennsylvania. In 1865-68 in 
 addition to his duties as a teacher, he took a three-years' course 
 in chemical analysis. In 1880 he became president of the Penn- 
 sylvania state college. He has just completed a large gymnasium 
 for Maplewood institute. In addition to his duties as principal 
 of Maplewood institute, he has for seventeen years served as jus- 
 tice of the peace in Concordville, Pa. ; and in 1904 was re-elected 
 for another term of five years as justice of the peace. He is a 
 member of Bradbury post, grand army of the republic; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Shriver, Alfred Jenkins, lawyer, author, was born June 5, 
 1867, in Baltimore, Md. In 1891 he graduated from Johns Hop- 
 kins university with the degree of A.B. ; and in 1893 graduated 
 from the law school of the university of Maryland. Since 1893 he 
 has been engaged in the practice of law in Baltimore, Md. ; and 
 has been prominently identified with states and will cases. He is 
 secretary of the general alumni association of the Johns Hopkins 
 university; and protector of St. Mary's female orphan asylum of 
 Roland Park, Md. He is the author of Law of Wills and Personal 
 Property in Maryland Prior to Aug. 1, 1884 ; Status of Preferred 
 Stock of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company; and other 
 legal publications. 
 
 Sibley, Frank J., member prohibition national committee for 
 Arizona, was born Aug. 11, 1847, in Niagara county, N.Y. He 
 was educated in the common and high schools of New York ; and 
 graduated from the university of Arizona. He is a successful 
 mine owner and manager; president and general manager of 
 Cooper Creek mining company; and treasurer and general man- 
 ager of the Blue Jewel copper company. In 1876-77 he was sec- 
 
844 PBOGBESSIVB AMERICANS 
 
 retary of the New York state prohibition committee; in 1880-81 
 was secretary of the Kansas state prohibition committee ; in 1884 
 was chairman of the Nebraska state prohibition committee; and 
 in 1899-1900 was chairman of the California state prohibition com- 
 mittee. He was a member of the prohibition national committee 
 for Arizona ; and resides in Tucson, Ariz. 
 
 Siebert, Wilbur Henry, educator, author, was born Aug. 30, 
 1866, in Columbus, Ohio. He attended the public schools of Co- 
 lumbus ; graduated from Ohio state university in 1888 ; from Har- 
 vard two years later, and studied for one year in the universities 
 of Germany. For many years he has taught history and political 
 science in the Ohio state university, and since 1898 has been 
 associate professor of European history in that institution. He is 
 the author of The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Free- 
 dom ; The History and Government of Ohio ; and various historical 
 articles; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 tiegfritd, DanUl F., department commander grand army of 
 the republic for North Dakota, was born Nov. 4, 1845, in Cotasau- 
 qua, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools of 
 Bethlehem, Pa. For three years he was trustee of the normal 
 school at Valley City; has been trustee of the soldiers' home at 
 Lisbon; for four years served as county commissioner of Barnes 
 county, N.D. ; and has filled various other positions of trust and 
 honor. He is a successful druggist of Sanborn, N.D. ; and promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. 
 He has all the Masonic degrees up to the thirty-second degree; 
 and has always been a great worker in the rite. He was depart- 
 ment commander of the grand army of the republic for North 
 Dakota for the term of 1905 ; and resides in Sanborn, N.D. 
 
 liess, Isaas Idward, physician, surgeon, banker, was born 
 Aug. 30, 1871, in Mansura, La. In 1894 he graduated with the 
 degree of M.D. from the medical department of Tulane university 
 of New Orleans, La. He has attained success in his profession at 
 Winnfield, La.; and is surgeon to several railroads and to the 
 Maryland casualty company ; and medical examiner for the Equit- 
 able and New York life insurance companies. He has been vice- 
 president of the Inter-State medical association ; president of the 
 Parish medical association; parish coroner and alderman for the 
 town of Winnfield, La. He is vice-president of the Winnfield 
 bank; and prominently identified with ths business and public 
 affairs of his community. 
 
 Silloway, Thomas William, architect, clergyman, author, waa 
 born Aug. 7, 1828, in Newburyport, Mass. For awhile he was in 
 the grocery business and in 1851 began the profession of archi- 
 tecture. He wu an architect for over four hundred churches, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 345 
 
 either new or remodeled; was architect of the state capital at 
 Montpelier, Vt. ; and architect for the Goddard seminary at Barre, 
 Vt. ; Buchtell college at Akron, Ohio ; and numerous town halls 
 and court houses. He subsequently became a universalist clergy- 
 man; and filled pastorates in Boston and Brighton, Mass. He is 
 the author of Text Book of Modern Carpentry ; Treatise on Warm- 
 ing and Ventilation; Cathedral Towns of England, Ireland and 
 Scotland ; and a volume of Sermons. 
 
 Silvester, Charles Frederick, curator, anatomist, was bora Dec. 
 21, 1876, in Princeton, N.J. He was educated at Princeton uni- 
 versity. In 1899 he accompanied the Perry relief expedition as 
 collector of vertebrate material, in which he was eminently suc- 
 cessful. He is now curator of the morphological museum and 
 assistant in anatomy at the Princeton university of New Jersey. 
 
 Sim, Arthur W., state representative of Massachusetts, was 
 born Dec. 21, 1859, in South Danvers, now Peabody, Mass. He re- 
 ceived the rudiments of his education in the public schools of New 
 England ; and graduated from Harvard university and from Har- 
 vard law school. He has attained success in the practice of law at 
 Peabody, Mass. ; is prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of that city ; and has filled several positions of trust 
 and honor. Since 1905 he has been a representative in the Massa- 
 chusetts state legislature ; and resides in Peabody, Mass. 
 
 Simms, Joseph Milburn, naval officer, was born Sept. 19, 1841, 
 in Patuxent, Md. He was educated in the public schools of the 
 District of Columbia. In 1861 he served in the sixth battalion 
 District of Columbia volunteers; in 1863 was appointed a master 
 in the United States navy ; and in 1863 was promoted acting en- 
 sign. He served in the north Atlantic blockading squadron and 
 on waters of the southern Pacific. In 1865 he was wounded in a 
 land attack on Fort Fisher ; and in 1868 resigned from the navy. 
 In 1868 he was commissioned third lieutenant in the United States 
 revenue cutter service ; and has served in various states from 
 Maine to the gulf of Mexico. In 1895 he was retired as first 
 lieutenant ; and was advanced to captain on the retired list of the 
 United States revenue cutter service for meritorious acts and 
 wounds received in the United States service. 
 
 Simonds, Frederic William, educator, geologist, scientist, au- 
 thor, was born July 3, 1853, in Charlestown, Mass. In 1875 he 
 graduated from Cornell university with the degree of B.S. ; and 
 subsequently received the degrees of M.S., Ph.D. and D.Sc. In 
 1877-81 he was professor of geology, zoology and botany in the 
 university of North Carolina; and in 1887-90 was professor of 
 geology and biology in the university of Arkansas. Since 1895 
 he has been professor of geology in the university of Texas. He 
 
346 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 is a fellow of the American association for the advancement of 
 science. He is the author of Annual Reports of the Geological 
 Survey of Arkansas; A Record of the Geology of Texas for the 
 Decade Ending in 1896; The Geography of Texas, Physical and 
 Political; and other works. 
 
 Simpson, Joseph W., business man, statesman, was born in 
 1870 in York Harbor, Maine. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of Kent's Hill and York, Maine. He is a pro- 
 vision merchant and interested in real estate at York, Maine; 
 and prominently identified with the business and public affairs 
 of that city. In 1897 he was a representative in the Maine state 
 legislature, and was a member on several important committees. 
 He has been town treasurer; member of the county committee; 
 and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He was 
 a member of the Maine state senate for York county for the term 
 of 1905-06; and resides in York, Maine. 
 
 Sinkler, Wharton, surgeon, neurologist, was born Aug. 7, 1868, 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated at Gambier, Ohio ; studied 
 in the South Carolina college; and subsequently after the civil 
 war graduated from the university of Pennsylvania with the de- 
 gree of M.D. During the civil war he served in the second South 
 Carolina cavalry in the confederate states army. Since 1868 he 
 has been a practicing physician of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and is a spe- 
 cialist in nervous diseases. He has been president of the Phila- 
 delphia neurological society; and president of the colony farm 
 for epileptics of Pennsylvania. He has contributed extensively 
 to text-books, cyclopedias, and medical journals. 
 
 Sizer, Edward Randolph, postmaster of Lincoln, Neb., was 
 born Aug. 25, 1850, in Ottawa, 111. He graduated from the high 
 school of Ottawa, 111. He has been clerk of the district court for 
 Lancaster county, Neb.; and chief clerk of customs at Havana, 
 Cuba. He has been state oil inspector for Nebraska; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is postmas- 
 ter of the city of Lincoln for the term of 1902-06, and 1906 to 
 1910 ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Skaggs, Andrew E., physician, poet, was born April 31, 1862, 
 in New Castle county, Del. He attended the Baltimore medical 
 college, and the Veterinary Surgeon college. He has filled various 
 public positions of trust in his native county; and is a promi- 
 nent physician of Townsend. He has contributed many poems 
 to the periodical press ; and is widely known as the Poet of Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Slafter, Carlos, educator, author, was born July 21, 1825, in 
 Thetford, Vt. He received his education at the Thetford acad- 
 emy, and in 1849 graduated from Dartmouth college. He taught 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 347 
 
 one year in the Framingham academy ; and for forty years, dur- 
 ing 1852-92, was principal of the Dedham high school, Mass. In 
 1865 he was admitted to deacon's orders in the episcopal church; 
 and for three years was chaplain of the county prison at Ded- 
 ham. He is the author of a Compendium of English Grammar, 
 several novels, and various addresses on patriotic, educational 
 and historical subjects. 
 
 . Slemons, William F., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 March 15, 1830, in Weakly county, Tenn. He entered the south- 
 ern army in 1861, and remained in service until its close ; and rose 
 from lieutenant to brigadier-general, and commanded a division. 
 After the war he was district attorney ; and in 1875-81 was a rep- 
 resentative from Arkansas to the forty-fourth, forty-fifth and 
 forty-sixth congresses as a democrat. 
 
 Sloan, John Randolph, physician, surgeon, was born Jan. 18, 
 1851, in Green county, Ind. He was educated at Champaign, 111. ; 
 and in 1891 graduated with the degree of M.D. from the Kansas 
 City medical college of Missouri. He is a successful physician 
 and surgeon of Stanley, Johnson county, Kan. ; and is medical 
 examiner for the New York life insurance company and for the 
 Modern Woodmen of America. He is a member of several med- 
 ical associations ; and has filled several positions of trust and 
 honor. His ancestors were originally from Scotland and first set- 
 tled in Virginia. In 1818 his grandfather purchased a large tract 
 of land on Indian Creek, Ind. 
 
 Slocum, William Frederick, clergyman, college president, was 
 born July 29, 1851, in Crafton, Mass. He has been president of 
 the State board of charities and corrections. Since 1888 he has 
 been president of the Colorado college ; and is also professor of 
 physiology in that institution. 
 
 Smalley, Bradley Barlow, lawyer, railroad president, was born 
 Nov. 26, 1835, in Jericho, Vt. In 1861-65 he was clerk of the 
 United States circuit and district court of Vermont ; and in 1861- 
 96 was United States commissioner. In 1885-89 and 1893-97 he 
 was collector of customs for the district of Vermont. He has been 
 president of the Montpelier and White River railroad company; 
 president of the National car company ; the Ogdensburg and Lake 
 Champlain railroad company ; president of the Montreal Province 
 line railroad company; vice-president of the Burlington trust 
 company ; and other companies. 
 
 Smith, Andrew Thomas, principal Mansfield state normal 
 school of Pennsylvania, was born Sept. 10, 1862, in Jeffersonville, 
 Pa. He was educated at the West Chester state normal school of 
 Pennsylvania ; attended the New York university ; and was a spe- 
 cial student in the university of Pennsylvania. He has been prin- 
 
348 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 cipal of the soldiers' orphan school of Chester Springs, Pa.; and 
 professor of padagogy and vice-principal at the West Chester 
 state normal school of Pennsylvania. He is now principal of the 
 Mansfield state normal school of Pennsylvania; and resides in 
 Mansfield, Pa. 
 
 Smith, Charles, state senator of Michigan, was born Dec. 24, 
 1839, in Wayne county, Mich. He attended the Union school at 
 Ypsilanti until 1862, with the exception of three months' service 
 as a private in company H, first regiment Michigan infantry. Since 
 1863 he has lived in Houghton county, Mich. ; and for over thirty 
 years was in the employ of copper smelting companies. He is 
 vice-president of the First National bank of Lake Linden; direc- 
 tor of the Northern Michigan building and loan association of 
 Hancock; and chairman of the Miskwabik development associa- 
 tion, limited, of Keweenaw county. He has served nineteen con- 
 secutive terms as supervisor of his township ; and in 1895-96 was 
 a representative in the Michigan state legislature. Since 1899 
 he has been a member of the Michigan state senate for the thirty- 
 second district. He is now serving his seventh consecutive term 
 in the legislature, the greatest number of terms ever served by 
 any former member being six ; and resides in Hubbell, Mich. 
 
 Smith, David Eugene, educator, author, was born Jan. 21, 
 1860, in Cortland, N.Y. In 1891-98 he was professor of mathe- 
 matics in the Michigan state normal school ; and in 1898-1901 was 
 principal of the New York state normal school. Since 1901 he has 
 been professor of mathematics in the teachers' college of Colum- 
 bia university of New York city. He is the author of History of 
 Modern Mathematics ; Teaching of Elementary Mathematics ; and 
 other works. 
 
 Smith, Edward M., lawyer, legislator, was born Feb. 6, 1838, 
 in Alstead, N.H. He was principal of the graded school at Golds- 
 borough, N.C., in 1879-1883, when he became principal of the 
 state colored normal school at Fayetteville, N.C. In 1888 he was 
 appointed United States minister and consul-general to Liberia, 
 Africa. In 1898-99 he was adjutant of the third North Carolina 
 volunteer infantry ; and since 1904 has been the editor of the 
 Baptist Sentinel. Since 1899 he has been principal of the state 
 colored normal school of North Carolina ; and resides in Fayette- 
 ville, N.C. 
 
 Smith, Edward Robinson, librarian, artist, was born Jan. 3, 
 1854, in Syria. He was educated in the Phillips Andover acad- 
 emy ; attended the technical institute of Worcester, Mass. ; and in 
 1876 graduated from Amherst college as A.B. He studied sculp- 
 ture and painting in Boston, Florence and Paris. He has trav- 
 eled frequently in Europe to study monuments and collections in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 349 
 
 architecture, painting and sculpture. He has pursued his pro- 
 fession in New York city for several years. In 1895 he was ap- 
 pointed reference librarian of the Henry 0. Avery architectural 
 library at Columbia university. He is a member of the Municipal 
 and several other art societies. 
 
 Smith, Eugene Riley, physician, surgeon, was born Oct. 4, 
 1851, in Fagundus, Forest county, Pa. He was educated at Knox 
 college and at Westfield college of Illinois ; and received the de- 
 gree of M.S. from Western college, Iowa. In 1876 he grad- 
 uated with the degree of M.D. from Rush medical college of 
 Chicago, 111. ; and subsequently took post-graduate courses at the 
 Chicago medical school, Chicago opthalmic college, Chicago pol- 
 iclinic, and other institutions. He has been lecturer on phys- 
 iology and hygiene at Western college; has attained promi- 
 nence as an eminent physician and surgeon of Toledo, Iowa; 
 and is surgeon and director to the Home Medical and Surgical 
 infirmary of Toledo, Iowa. He has been examining physician- 
 surgeon to the forty-ninth regiment Iowa volunteer infantry; 
 surgeon to several railroads and insurance companies; and 
 United States examining surgeon. He has been vice-presi- 
 dent of the Iowa central state medical society; holds 
 diplomas from a number of institutions; and is a member 
 of numerous learned societies. For a quarter of a century he has 
 been a member of the executive committee of Western college; 
 for twenty years president of the board of trustees of the United 
 Brethren church and twelve years of their publishing house of 
 Dayton, Ohio; and has filled numerous other positions of trust 
 and honor; and resides in Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 Smith, Frank, educator, zoologist, scientist, was born Feb. 18, 
 1857, in Winneconne, Wis. He was educated at Hillsdale college 
 and Harvard university; and has received the degrees of Ph.B. 
 and A.M. Since 1893 he has been instructor and later associate 
 professor of zoology in the university of Illinois. He is a fellow 
 of the American association for the advancement of science ; and 
 has made special researches in zoology. 
 
 Smith, George Carson, railroad president, capitalist, was born 
 March 4, 1855, in Granville, N.Y. In 1877-81 he was private sec- 
 retary to the governor of Michigan ; and during that time studied 
 law. In 1894-1900 he was president of the Atlanta and West Point 
 railroad and the railroad of Alabama. Since 1900 he has been 
 identified with the Westinghouse enterprises. He is vice-presi- 
 dent of the Security investment company ; president of the Lacka- 
 wanna and Wyoming valley railroad company; president of the 
 Grand Rapids, Grand Haven and Muskegon railway ; president of 
 
350 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the Westinghouse interworks railway; and a director in many 
 "Westinghouse and other companies. 
 
 Smith, George M., educator, author, was born May 30, 1847, 
 in Belgrade, Maine. He was educated in the grammar schools; 
 and at Colby college of Waterville, Maine. In 1888-89 he was a 
 student at Giesses, Germany. Until 1891 he was engaged in teach- 
 ing in secondary schools. In 1891 he became professor of Greek; 
 in 1894-1906 was professor of pedagogy; and in 1889-1901 was 
 professor of modern langauges ; and is now professor of German 
 and the romance languages at the university of South Dakota. 
 He is the author of Vocabulary to Caesar, book two ; Outlines of 
 Civics for South Dakota ; The State and the Nation ; History and 
 Civil Government of South Dakota; and Outlines of Pedagogy. 
 He is editor of the South Dakota Educator ; and among his pub- 
 lished addresses is The Ethical Mission of the State University. 
 
 Smith, George P., agriculturist, author, was born Nov. 25, 
 1858 ; and is a son of Rufus Smith. He is a prominent citizen of 
 Sutherland, Mass.; and in 1900 was a delegate to the farmers' 
 national congress. In 1898-1901 he was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts state board of agriculture. He is the author of An Essay 
 on The Evolution of Farm Machines in Massachusetts Agricul- 
 ture. 
 
 Smith, Harold Babbitt, educator, electrical engineer, author, 
 was born May 23, 1869, in Barre, Mass. In 1891 he graduated 
 from Cornell university with the degree of M.E. In 1892 he was 
 professor of electrical engineering at the Arkansas state univer- 
 sity; and in 1893-96 filled the same chair at Purdue university. 
 Since 1893 he has been consulting electrical engineer; and since 
 1896 professor of electrical engineering and director of the electri- 
 cal engineering department at Worcester polytechnic institute. He 
 is a member of the leading mechanical and electrical engineering 
 societies of Europe and America. He is the author of about forty 
 Monographs and contributions to scientific publications. 
 
 Smith, Hoke, governor of the state of Georgia, was born Sept. 
 2, 1855, in Newton, N.C. In 1887 he purchased the Atlanta Jour- 
 nal. Much of the credit for Cleveland's victory in Georgia in 
 1892 was attributed to the Atlanta Journal and the personal efforts 
 of its proprietor ; and in 1893-96 was secretary of the interior in 
 President Cleveland's cabinet. He became one of the most noted 
 lawyers of the south ; and has filled various positions of trust and 
 honor. Since 1907 he has been governor of the state of Georgia ; 
 and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Smith, James Henry Oliver, clergyman, reformer, was born 
 Dec. 27, 1857, in Waynesville, Ohio. In 1884 he graduated from 
 the Butler university as A.M. ; and has received the honorary de- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 351 
 
 grees of D.D. and LL.D. In 1885-88 he was state evangelist of the 
 Christian church of Indiana; and edited the Central Christian. 
 In 1888-95 he was pastor of the Christian church at Valparaiso, 
 Ind. ; and later was pastor of the Union church of Chicago, 111. 
 He lectured in California and Texas; and was interested in re- 
 forms to benefit labor. In 1893 he was president of the Christian 
 endeavor union of Indiana; and is now pastor of the Christian 
 church of Oklahoma City, Okla. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Jeanie Oliver, author, poet, was born in Troy, N.Y. 
 She was educated in Troy, N.Y. ; and in Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 She married Prof. Horace E. Smith, dean of the Albany law 
 school, who died in 1902. She lived a number of years in Scot- 
 land; and has contributed extensively to British and American 
 periodicals. She is a member of the society of American authors ; 
 and now resides in Johnstown, N.Y. She is the author of Day 
 Lilies, a volume of poems ; Mayor of Kanemeta ; Donald Moncrief ; 
 Story of Blackie ; and various other stories and poems. 
 
 Smith, John Henry, state legislator, was born Sept. 18, 1848, 
 in Corbunca, Iowa; and is the son of Apostle George A. Smith, 
 who was the first councillor to Brigham Young. In 1882 he was 
 a member of the legislature, and in 1895 was elected a member of 
 the constitutional convention, of which body he was unanimously 
 elected president. He has contributed a number of valuable 
 economic articles to the periodical press; and resides in Salt 
 Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Smith, John Lyman, farmer, clergyman, legislator, was born 
 Oct. 22, 1855, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was one of the first set- 
 tlers of southern Idaho, and served an honorable term in the third 
 session of the Idaho legislature during 1894-95. He was successful 
 in carrying through a bill providing an appropriation for an east- 
 ern portion of the state normal, which is now one of the finest 
 buildings in eastern Idaho. He was the means of having an acad- 
 emy in Oakley; is now superintending the building of a taber- 
 nacle ; and is an acting bishop in the mormon church. 
 
 Smith, Joseph Fielding, journalist, clergyman, legislator, was 
 born Nov. 13, 1838, in Far West, Mo. He drove an ox-team in the 
 exodus of 1846, and in 1848 drove an ox-team to Salt Lake City 
 valley. In 1854-58 he was a missionary to the Sandwich islands. 
 In 1858-59 he was a sergeant-in-arms in the Utah legislature. In 
 1860-63, 1874-75 and 1877 he was a missionary to Great Britain, 
 and the Sandwich islands. In 1866 he was ordained an apostle; 
 in 1880-1901 was second counselor in the first presidency of the 
 church ; and since 1900 has been president of the church of Jesus 
 Christ of latter-day saints. He has been a member of the city 
 council of Salt Lake City ; and in 1882 was a member of the Utah 
 
352 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 legislature. He is president of Zion's co-operative mercantile in- 
 stitution; president of the state bank of Utah; president of Zion's 
 savings bank and trust company; president of the Utah sugar 
 company ; and president of the Consolidated wagon and machine 
 company. He is senior editor of the Juvenile Instructor ; an edi- 
 tor of the Improvement Era. 
 
 Smith, Joseph Rowe, soldier, surgeon, was born April 18, 1831, 
 in Madison Barracks, N.Y. In 1847 he was engaged as a civil 
 engineer ; and in 1851 laid out the territorial roads in Minnesota. 
 In 1854-58 he served in the United States army on expeditions 
 against hostile Indians in Texas, and also served on a Utah expe- 
 dition. In 1862-63 he was acting surgeon-general in the United 
 States army. After the civil war he served as medical officer and 
 reached the rank of colonel. In 1904 he was appointed brigadier- 
 general in the United States army. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Jane Luella Dowd, educator, author, poet, was 
 born June 16, 1847, in Sheffield, Mass. At the age of eighteen 
 she graduated from the Westfield normal school. After teaching 
 school for a year, she entered the Ladies ' seminary of North Gran- 
 ville, New York, where she graduated valedictorian of the class 
 in 1868. She attained success in educational work ; was principal 
 of the South Hampton high school, Sheffield high school, Stam- 
 ford high school, and the South Egremont academy. In 1875 she 
 was married to Dr. H. Hadley Smith, of Hudson, N.Y. She is an 
 earnest temperance worker, holding important positions in the 
 Woman's christian temperance union and in the Woman's suf- 
 frage reforms. She is the author of three volumes of verse, en- 
 titled Wayside Leaves; Wind Flowers; Flowers from Foreign 
 Fields ; and Twelve Talks Teaching Temperance. 
 
 Smith, Merritt Haviland, soldier, civil engineer, was born May 
 21, 1862, in New York city. He was educated in the military 
 schools and at Pennsylvania military college. Since 1906 he has 
 been in charge of the south aqueduct department of the Catskill 
 aqueduct for the New York board of water supply. In 1900-02 he 
 was park commissioner, in 1905-06 was police court secretary and 
 treasurer of department of the city of Yonkers ; and during the 
 Spanish-American war served as captain and major in the first 
 United States volunteer engineers in Porto Rico. In 1907 he be- 
 came captain of first troop seventh regiment New York national 
 guard. 
 
 Smith, Samuel George, clergyman, lecturer, author, was born 
 March 7, 1852, in England. He is a congregational clergyman; 
 and since 1888 has been pastor of the People's church of St. Paul, 
 Minn. He graduated in 1872 from Cornell college, Iowa. He has 
 been seven years a member of the state board of corrections and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 353 
 
 charities of Minnesota ; three years member of the St. Paul board 
 of education ; and five years president of the associated charities ; 
 besides occupying other public positions. He has been for five 
 years lecturer in sociology in the state university. He is. in con- 
 stant demand as a platform lecturer, and has written extensively 
 for newspapers and magazines. He is the author of For Eyes 
 That Weep ; and Industrial Conflict. 
 
 Smith, Samuel J., chaplain United States army, was born Dec. 
 13, 1863, in London, England; and came with his parents to the 
 United States in 1868. He was educated in the grammar schools 
 of Amsterdam, N.Y. ; attended the Lay college and Bible institute 
 of Boston, Mass. ; and studied at the Sprague school of law of De- 
 troit, Mich. In 1900 he was a representative in the Vermont state 
 legislature ; and was a recognized leader in defense of the pro- 
 hibition law. In his youth he served in the United States revenue 
 cutter service ; and subsequently learned the knit-goods business 
 in Amsterdam, N.Y. He has held important positions in Virginia 
 and Connecticut ; and subsequently became pastor of the Halifax 
 baptist church of Vermont, where he held several town offices. 
 Since 1901 he has been chaplain with rank of captain in the Uni- 
 ted States army ; is now chaplain of the nineteenth infantry, and 
 stationed at Parang, P.I., and now at Fort Bliss, near El Paso, 
 Texas. 
 
 Smith, Walter Inglewood, United States congressman from 
 Iowa, was born July 10, 1862, in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He prac- 
 ticed law in Council Bluffs. Iowa. In 1890-1900 he was judge of 
 the fifteenth judicial district of Iowa. In 1901-11 he was a rep- 
 resentative from Iowa to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. 
 
 Smith, Walter Scott, lawyer, statesman, was born July 20, 
 1875, in Lineville, Ala. He holds the degree of doctor of civil law 
 from the George Washington university of Washington, D.C. In 
 1903-07 he was a member of the Alabama state senate for Clay, 
 Cleburne and Coosa counties; and in 1904 was a candidate for 
 congress from the fifth district of Alabama; and resides in Line- 
 ville, Ala. 
 
 Smith, William Alden, lawyer, congressman, United States sen- 
 ator, was born May 12, 1859, in Dowagiac, Mich. He was appoint- 
 ed page in the Michigan house of representatives in 1879 ; and 
 was assistant secretary of the Michigan state senate in 1882. He 
 was a member of the republican state central committee in 1888, 
 1890, and 1892. In 1895-1907 he was a representative from Michi- 
 gan to the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congreses as a republican. In 1907 
 
354 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he became a member of the United States senate for the term 
 ending in 1913. 
 
 Smith, William Alexander, banker, was born Sept. 9, 1820, in 
 Pottstown, Pa. He first entered the banking business in 1844. 
 He was president of the New York stock exchange in 1864-66; 
 and was president of same in 1866-67. He was vice-president of 
 the Continental trust company of New York city ; and has filled 
 numerous positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Smith, William P., president state live stock commissioners of 
 Illinois, was born Sept. 12, 1859, in Monticello, 111. He received 
 the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 city. He has been a successful farmer, real estate and insurance 
 agent and an abstractor of titles. For four years he was city 
 clerk of Monticello, 111. ; and for four years was secretary of the 
 republican county central committee. For three years he was 
 secretary and treasurer of the Inter-States association of live 
 stock sanitary boards ; and since 1904 has been president of the 
 state board of live stock commissioners of Illinois ; and resides in 
 Monticello, 111. 
 
 Smyth, Ellison Adger, soldier, manufacturer, banker, was born 
 Oct. 26, 1847, in Charleston, S.C. He was educated in the South 
 Carolina military academy. He served in the confederate states 
 army during the civil war. He is president of the Pelzer manu- 
 facturing company, the largest cotton mills in the world; presi- 
 dent of the Chicora savings bank ; president of the Moneynick oil 
 mill ; president of the Dexter broom and mattress company ; pres- 
 ident of the Belton cotton mill ; president of the Ninety-six cot- 
 ton mill of South Carolina; and a director and officer in many 
 other large corporations. He is a member of the United States 
 industrial commission of Washington; president of the Cotton 
 manufacturer's association of South Carolina; vice-president of 
 the National civic federation ; and vice-president of the American 
 Asiatic society. 
 
 Snowden, David Harold, educator, clergyman, lecturer, author, 
 was born April 25, 1842, in Fairview C.H., W.Va. He has attained 
 eminence as a clergyman of the congregational church ; has filled 
 pastorates in various cities, and now fills a pastorate in Nicker- 
 son, Kan. He has received the degrees of M.D., Ph.D., D.D., LL.D., 
 F.R.S., and is a member of many learned bodies. For many years 
 he taught Hebrew and Greek; is a brilliant lecturer; and the 
 author of Is Man a Creation ; The Seven Most Prominent of the 
 Twenty-five Bibles of the World; God's Hand in American His- 
 tory, and other works. In 1898 he was appointed assistant sur- 
 geon-general of the western department, with the rank of colonel 
 in the regular army. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 355 
 
 Snyder, Jonathan Le Moyne, president Michigan agricultural 
 college, was born Oct. 29, 1859, in Butler county, Pa. In 1886 he 
 graduated with the degree of A.B. from Westminster college of 
 Pennsylvania, receiving the degree of Ph.D. in 1891. The uni- 
 versity of Michigan conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. in 
 1908. In 1889-96 he was principal of the fifth ward schools of 
 Allegheny, Pa., adding the kindergarten and manual training de- 
 partments. Since 1896 he has been president of the Michigan 
 agricultural college; and resides in East Lansing, Mich. 
 
 Snyder, William Preston, physician, state senator, statesman, 
 was born Oct. 7, 1851, in Chester county, Pa. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools ; and in 1873 grad- 
 uated from the medical department of the university of Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1873-86 he practiced medicine in Spring City, Pa. ; and 
 in 1883-85 was postmaster of that city. In 1887-91 he was pro- 
 thonotary of Chester county; and in 1878 and in 1882 was a dele- 
 gate to the state conventions. In 1891 he was a representative in 
 the Pennsylvania state legislature; and in 1892-1904 was a mem- 
 ber of the Pennsylvania state senate ; was auditor-general of the 
 state of Pennsylvania for the term of 1904-07; and resides in 
 Spring City, Pa. 
 
 Somerville, Henderson Middleton, United States customs ser- 
 vice, was born March 23, 1837, in Madison county, Va. In 1852- 
 56 he attended the university of Alabama, and subsequently re- 
 ceived the degrees of M. and A. and LL.D. In 1859 he graduated 
 from the law school of Cumberland university of Lebanon, Tenn. 
 In 1859-62 he was editor of the Memphis Appeal ; and in 1862-65 
 was assistant professor of mathematics and languages in the 
 university of Alabama. In 1873 he founded the law school of the 
 university of Alabama; and in 1873-90 was lecturer of constitu- 
 tional and common and statute law in that institution. In 1880- 
 90 he was associate justice of the supreme court of Alabama; and 
 in 1890-93 he was a member of the Peabody board of trustees. 
 He has been trustee of the Alabama insane hospital; in 1876-93 
 was a member of the state commission on lunacy ; and in 1892-93 
 was president of the New York medico-legal society. Since 1890 
 he has been chairman of the board of classification United States 
 customs appraisers of New York city. 
 
 Somerville, William, superintendent Illinois soldiers' and sail- 
 ors' homo, was born Aug. 15, 1837, in Holidaysburg, Pa. He was 
 educated in the public schools of his native state; and became 
 a successful farmer. From 1865 he was employed in the internal 
 revenue service as deputy collector and revenue agent; and dur- 
 ing the term of President Arthur he served as chief clerk of the 
 bureau. He is a prominent Mason ; a member of the Grand army 
 
356 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of the republic ; and a member of the Loyal Legion. Since 1909 
 he has been superintendent of the Illinois soldiers' and sailors' 
 home at Quincy, 111. 
 
 Soper, Erastus Burrows, soldier, lawyer, business man, was 
 born Sept. 15, 1841, in Pitcher, N.Y. During 1857-61 he attended 
 the Western college ; Cornell college during 1865-68, and subse- 
 quently received from the latter institution the degree of A.M. 
 During the civil war he served as private, sergeant, second lieu- 
 tenant, first lieutenant, and captain in the first and twelfth regi- 
 ments Iowa volunteer infantry. He has resided in Iowa since 
 1847, and is an able lawyer and business man of Emmetsburg. 
 He has been director, vice-president and president of a large 
 number of banking and other corporations ; is a charter member 
 of the Iowa society sons of the American revolution ; is prominent 
 in fraternal orders ; and for twenty years has been an active 
 and influential member of the board of trustees of Cornell col- 
 lege ; and resides in Emmetsburg, Iowa. 
 
 Soule, George, educator, author, president of Soule's college, 
 was born May 14, 1834, in Barrington, N.Y. He received his 
 education at the Sycamore academy, Illinois, and the medical, 
 law and commercial schools of St. Louis, Mo. In 1856 he estab- 
 lished at Soule's Commercial College and Literary institute of 
 New Orleans, La., which has grown to be one of the leading edu- 
 cational institutions in the state. During the fifty-three years 
 the Soule college has been in existence, over twenty-three thou- 
 sand pupils have been taught within its walls. In 1862 he enter- 
 ed the military service of the confederate states as captain of 
 Company A, Crescent regiment Louisiana volunteers of New Or- 
 leans, and served through the war. As a lecturer on commercial 
 sciences and sociology, Professor Soule is well known to every 
 young man in New Orleans, and to educators north and south. He 
 is the author of several works on practical mathematics and ac- 
 counting. He has been president of the International Business 
 College association and Business Educators' association of Amer- 
 ica ; and is prominent in various social, scientific and educational 
 organizations. 
 
 Southard, James Harding, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 January 20, 1851, in Lucas county, Ohio. In 1874 he graduated 
 from Cornell university ; and in 1877 was admitted to the prac- 
 tice of law. In 1882 he was appointed assistant prosecuting at- 
 torney of Lucas county ; and afterward was twice elected prose- 
 cuting attorney of said county and served in that office six years. 
 In 1895-1909 he was a representative from Ohio to the fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He has attained success as 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 357 
 
 one of the foremost lawyers of Ohio at Toledo, where he is also 
 prominent in public affairs. 
 
 Spargo, John, American socialist, art critic, author, was born 
 January 31, 1876, in Cornwall, England. He was educated at 
 the public elementary schools ; evening technical schools ; and in 
 Oxford and Cambridge universities. He studied for the non-con- 
 formists ministry in England, but was never ordained. In 1904- 
 1908 he was a delegate to the national convention of the socialist 
 party of the United States, and was chairman of the resolution 
 committee of both occasions. In 1908 he was chairman of the 
 New York state convention of the socialist party. He is a direc- 
 tor and a member of the faculty of Rand school of social science 
 of New York ; a director of the West Chester society for the pre- 
 vention of cruelty to children ; and a member of many philan- 
 thropic and learned societies. He is the author of The Bitter 
 Cry of the Children ; Under-fed School Children ; The Problem 
 and the Remedy; The Socialists, Who They are and What They 
 Stand For ; Socialism, a Summary and Interpretation of Socialistic 
 Persons ; Capitalist and Laborer ; Common Sense of Socialism ; The 
 Common Sense of the Milk Question ; Socialistic Readings for Chil- 
 dren ; The Spiritual Significance of Modern Socialism ; The So- 
 cialism of William Morris ; The Marx He Knew ; The Substance 
 of Socialism ; and Karl Marx, His Life and Work. 
 
 Spaulding, Oliver Lyman, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was 
 born August 2, 1833, in Jaffrey, N.H. In 1855 he graduated from 
 Oberlin college, of Ohio. In 18G2 he entered the United States 
 service as captain in the twenty-third regiment Michigan infan- 
 try, and was rapidly promoted to brevet brigadier-general. He 
 is a regent of the University of Michigan. In 1866-72 he was 
 secretary of the state of Michigan; and in 1881-83 was a repre- 
 sentative from Michigan to the forty-seventh congress. In 1890- 
 1903 he was assistant secretary of the treasury; and in 1896 was a 
 delegate from Michigan to the national republican convention 
 held in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Speel, John N., pay director United States Navy, was born July 
 30, 1853, in Harrisburg, Pa. He was educated in the public and 
 private schools of Harrisburg and Philadelphia, Pa. He has been 
 civil engineer to the Pennsylvania Canal company ; was engaged 
 on the North Dakota boundary survey; and in 1875 entered the 
 United States navy as an assistant paymaster. Since 1903 he has 
 held the rank of paymaster in the United States navy ; and is now 
 stationed at the navy yard of Brooklyn as general storekeeper. 
 
 Spencer, Benjamin Franklin, physician, surgeon, was born 
 September 29, 1852, in Lowndes county, Ala. He was educated 
 at the Mississippi college, Union university of Murfreesboro, 
 
358 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Term. ; and in 1874 graduated in medicine from the medical de- 
 partment of the university of Louisville. In 1874-76 he practiced 
 his profession in Fulton, Ky. ; and since that time has practiced 
 in Weston, Collin county, Tex. He is a member of the American 
 Medical and North Texas Medical associations; and has been 
 president of the Collin County Medical Society. He is medical 
 examiner for the Mutual Life, Equitable, New York Life, Pru- 
 dential, Fidelity Mutual, and Manhattan and Hartford Life In- 
 surance companies. He is prominently identified with the busi- 
 ness and public affairs of his community ; and has filled numerous 
 positions of trust and honor; and resides in Weston, Tex. 
 
 Spenzer, John George, physician, chemist, author, was born 
 September 6, 1864, in Cleveland, Ohio. Since 1896 he has been 
 professor of general and medical chemistry and pharmacology 
 at the Cleveland college of physicians and surgeons. He is the 
 author of The Principles of Pharmacology, with Practical Exer- 
 cises. 
 
 Spofford, Paul Nelson, merchant, business president, was born 
 in New York city. He received his education in select schools. 
 He has been director in banks, railroads, insurances and other 
 companies. He was president of the Grocer's steam sugar re- 
 fining company ; and president of the Samama bay company. He 
 was on the staff of Governors Youngs and Hamilton Fish, as engi- 
 neer-in-chief of the state of New York with the rank of brigadier- 
 general; and as first engineer, organized that department. He 
 is a member of the society of colony wars, a member of the 
 New York historical society; and a member of the American 
 association for the advancement of science; and a member of 
 the New York chamber of commerce. 
 
 Spoonts, Morris A., lawyer, jurist, orator, was born Novem- 
 ber 9, 1857, in Bell county, Texas. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools of his native state ; has become one of the foremost 
 lawyers of Texas; and has a large practice in Fort Worth. He 
 has been prosecuting attorney ; judge of his county ; president of 
 the city council ; and filled various other public positions of honor. 
 For many years he has been attorney of the Union Pacific rail- 
 way company, and the Fort Worth and Denver City railroad 
 company. He is prominent in public affairs and in politics, and 
 has attained prominence as a brilliant orator; and resides in 
 Forth Worth, Texas. 
 
 Spreckels, Adolph Bernard, manufacturer of San Francisco, 
 Cal. He is vice president of the J. D. Spreckels and brothers 
 company; is vice president of the Spreckels sugar company; is 
 vice president of the Oceanic steamship company ; is treasurer of 
 the Western sugar refining company ; and secretary of the Cali- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 359 
 
 fornia sugar refinery. In 1900 he was park commissioner of 
 San Francisco, Cal. ; and has filled various other positions of trust 
 
 an Swing;' Leverett Wilson, educator, clergyman, author, was 
 born January 5, 1840, in Grafton, Vt. In 1863 he graduated 
 from the Williams college; and studied theology at the Hartford 
 theological seminary and at the Andover theological seminary. 
 He received the degree of D.D. from the Kansas state university. 
 In 1868-75 he was pastor of the Rollstone congregational church 
 of Fitchburg, Mass.; and in 1876-81 was pastor o the Plymouth 
 Congregational church of Lawrence, Kans. In 1881-96 he was 
 professor of English literature in the Kansas state university; 
 and since 1886 has filled that chair in the Williams college. He 
 is a member of the American historical society; and a member 
 of the National historical society. He is the author of Mark 
 Hopkins; Teacher; and Williams College in History of Berk- 
 
 shire County, Mass. 
 
 Squire, Watson Oarvosso, soldier, lawyer, financier, congress- 
 man governor, United States senator, was born May 18, 1838, 
 Tcane Vincent N.Y. In 1862 he was admitted to the prac- 
 te o? law in tL supreme court of Ohio. In 1862 he received 
 commission from the governor of Ohio to raise the seventh in- 
 dependent company of sharpshooters, of which he was commis- 
 sioner captain. He served with the army of the Cumberland 
 and commanded the battalion of Ohio sharpshooters m 1863 His 
 company was selected by General Sherman as his sole head- 
 quarters escort and body guard in the march to the sea He was 
 appointed judge-advocate of the district of Tennessee < n the 
 staff of Maior-General Rousseau; served on the staff of General 
 Thomas in the battle of Nashville ; was brevetted major, lieuten- 
 ant-colonel, and colonel; and was mustered out of the service 
 in August, 1865. He was engaged in business in the city of New 
 York and at Ilion, N.Y., in the manufacture and sale of Reming- 
 ton breech-loading arms and ammunition for years ; and visited 
 European countries and Mexico for this purpose. After disposing 
 of his interest and this business he became interested in the terri- 
 tory now the state of Washington, where he has engaged in 
 farming and other business since the year 1879. He was gover- 
 nor ™f the territory in 1884-87; and was United States senator 
 in 1889-97 ; and resides in Seattle, Wash. _ < 
 
 Stansel, Martin L., soldier, lawyer, legislator, jurist was born 
 Anril 23 1824, in Savannah, Ga. In 1844 he graduated from the 
 university of Alabama; has been judge of the circuit court, and 
 during 1861-65 he served as colonel of the forty-first regiment 
 confederate states volunteers. In 1865 he served as a member 
 
360 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of the Alabama state constitutional convention; and for many 
 years has served with distinction as representative and state 
 senator of the Alabama state legislature. He is one of the fore- 
 most lawyers of the south at Carrollton, Ala. 
 
 Stark, Charles B., lawyer, author, was born June 13, 1854, in 
 Springfield, Term. ; and is the son of the late Hon. Joseph Carter 
 Stark, judge of the judicial court of Tennessee, in whose office 
 he educated his nephew, John W. Judd, associate justice of the 
 supreme court of Utah and various other eminent jurists. Chas. 
 B. Stark has attained prominence in the profession of law in St. 
 Louis, Mo. ; and is prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of that city. He is the author of Stark's Missouri 
 Digest, in three volumes; and other works. 
 
 Starks, Samuel W., state librarian of West Virginia, was born 
 March 11, 1866, in Charleston, W. Va. He was educated in the 
 public schools; and at the Bryant and Stratton Business college 
 of Chicago, 111. He has been a clerk and telegraph operator for 
 the K. and M. and for the T. and 0. C. railways ; has been man- 
 ager of the Capital City Mercantile company; manager of the 
 Advocate Publishing company ; and president of the Pythian Mu- 
 tual investment association. In 1901 he became state librarian 
 of West Virginia and resides in Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 Starkweather, John L., lawyer, was born Oct. 4, 1844, in Ro- 
 meo, Mich. He received the rudiments of his education in the 
 public schools of his native city; attended Eastman's Business 
 college of Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ; and the law department of the 
 university of Michigan. He commenced life as a school teacher, 
 and all his life has been prominently identified with temperance 
 movements and societies. He has attained success as an able 
 lawyer, his specialties being patents and pensions. Since 1891 
 he has been a prominent Forester,and is a member of various 
 other fraternal orders in his native city. 
 
 Steed, William M., Saline county clerk of Arkansas, was born 
 Nov. 10, 1874, in Hurricane, Saline county, Ark. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools of Benton, Ark. ; 
 attended Key's business institute of Little Rock, Ark.; and 
 studied in Hendrix college of Conway, Ark., for six years he was 
 a teacher in the public schools ; became deputy circuit clerk ; and 
 for the past four years has been clerk of the courts of Saline 
 county, Ark. He is now clerk of the several courts and recorder 
 for Saline county ; and resides in Benton, Ark. 
 
 Steel, George A., business man, legislator, was born April 22, 
 1846, in Stafford, Ohio. He is the son of William Steel, a promi- 
 nent abolitionist of Ohio, and is a cousin of Hon. William E. 
 Gladstone. He has been county treasurer ; a member of the Ore- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 361 
 
 gon state senate; postmaster of Portland, two terms; special 
 agent of the postoffice department; and has filled various other 
 offices of trust and honor. He is widely and favorably known 
 throughout Oregon; and is now treasurer of the state, having 
 been elected by a large majority in 1906 for a term of four 
 years. 
 
 Steele, James E., state senator of Idaho, was born June 22, 
 1852, in Manchester, England. He is a successful farmer, stock- 
 raiser and merchant of Idaho. He was president of the Idaho 
 commission at the St. Louis fair; and is now chairman of the 
 Lewis and Clark exposition of Portland. He was president of 
 the Farmer's Progress Canal company of Cingham county, Idaho; 
 president of Rigby bank; president of the lona Mercantile com- 
 pany ; and a director in various other corporations. He has been 
 mayor of the village of lona; and deputy clerk of the seventh 
 district court. In 1903-05 he was a representative in the Idaho 
 state legislature; and is now a member of the state senate; and 
 resides in lona, Idaho. 
 
 Steele, 0. B., state treasurer of Louisiana, was born Dec. 2, 
 1844 in Henderson, Ky. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state ; and at Henderson academy. He is a success- 
 ful banker and planter of Baton Rouge, La., and is vice-president 
 of the bank of Baton Rouge, La. For two terms he was a member 
 of the state legislature ; for one term was a member of the state 
 senate; and in 1884-92 served two terms of four years each as 
 state auditor of Louisiana. He is now state treasurer of Louisiana 
 for the term of 1908-12 ; and resides in Baton Rouge, La. 
 
 Steere, Joseph H., state circuit judge of Michigan, was born 
 May 19, 1852, in Addison, Mich. He received his education in the 
 public schools of his native state; and graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Michigan with the degree of A.B. He attained suc- 
 cess in the practice of law in the state of Michigan ; has filled va- 
 rious positions of trust and honor at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. ; and 
 has contributed extensively to the legal lore of American liter- 
 ature; for the past twenty-four years he has been judge of the 
 eleventh judicial circuit court of Michigan, and is now serving his 
 term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. 
 
 Steinhart, Frank Maximilian, soldier, diplomat, was born 
 May 12, 1864, in Munich, Germany. He read law for four years 
 and studied foreign languages. In 1882-89 he served as private, 
 corporal and sergeant in the United States army; and served as 
 assistant chief clerk under Generals Schofleld, Crook, Terry, 
 Miles, Ruger, Merritt and Brooke; and in 1868 was appointed 
 chief clerk of the first army corps. He has seen service in Porto 
 
362 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Rico and Cuba; and in 1903-07 was American consul-general at 
 Havana. 
 
 Stephens, Jefferson Davis, colonel Florida national guard, 
 was born Aug. 1, 1871,, in Bascom, Fla. He received his education 
 in the public schools of his native state; then for a short time 
 was engaged in the mercantile business; and has attained suc- 
 cess in the practice of law. For a while he was engaged in farm- 
 ing; then taught school; and besides attaining prominence as 
 a lawyer, he is also a clergyman of the Baptist church. In 1905 
 he was a representative to the Florida state legislature ; and has 
 filled various positions of trust and honor. In 1906 
 he was a candidate for congress. Since 1904 he has been colonel 
 and aide-de-camp on the governor's staff, Florida national guard 
 (state troops) ; and resides in Marianna, Fla. In 1908 he was 
 appointed private secretary to congressman D. H. Mays. 
 
 Stephens, Lon V., journalist, banker, state treasurer, gover- 
 nor, was born Dec. 21, 1858, in Boonville, Mo. He learned the 
 printer's trade; was for a time bank clerk, then telegraph oper- 
 ator, and finally president of the Central National bank of Boon- 
 ville, Mo. Was state treasurer from 1890 to 1897. In 1897-1901 
 he was governor of Missouri. Resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Stephenson, William Worth, lawyer, legislator, was born Oct. 
 24, 1857, in Madison county, N.Y. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation in the Daughters college, Kentucky university, and the 
 Bethany college of West Virginia, from which latter institution 
 he received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. In 1879-80 he was prin- 
 cipal of the Harrodsburg academy. In 1881 he was admitted to 
 the bar; and has given his chief attention to the practice of law, 
 and is now one of the foremost lawyers of the south at Harrods- 
 burg. In 1889 he was elected a member of the Kentucky state 
 legislature; re-elected in 1891 and served in the long session of 
 1891-93 as a member of the judiciary and other committees. In 
 1893 he was elected to the state senate and served in the sessions 
 of 1894, 1896 and 1897, and took an active part in the delibera- 
 tion of those assemblies. In 1896 he was a delegate to the con- 
 vention of national democrats at Indianapolis; and has always 
 taken a deep interest in political affairs ; and resides in Harrods- 
 burg, Ky. 
 
 Sterrett, James MacBride, educator, author, was born Jan. 13, 
 1847, in Howard, Pa. Since 1892 he has been professor of philo- 
 sophy in Columbian university of Washington, D.C. Since 1893 
 he has been president of the society for philosophical inquiry. 
 He is the author of Studies in Hegel's Philosophy of Religion; 
 Reason and Authority in Religion ; The Ethics of Hegel ; and The 
 Freedom of Authority. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 363 
 
 Sterrett, John Robert Sitlington, educator, author, was born 
 March 4, 1851, at Rockbridge Baths, Va. He was a professor at 
 Amherst college in 1892-1901 ; and is now head of the department 
 of Greek at Cornell university. lie is the author of Inscriptions 
 of Assos; Epigraphical Journey in Asia Minor; The Wolf's Ex- 
 pedition to Asia Minor; and the Iliad of Homer. 
 
 Stetson, Thomas Drew, patent expert, was born May 30, 1827, 
 in Kingston, Mass. He was educated in the public schools; at- 
 tended Pierce academy ; and the Taunton locomotive works. He 
 edited a free-soil paper in Massachusetts; and in 1853 became 
 editor of Appleton's Engineer's Journal. Since 1855 he has been 
 a patent solicitor and mechanical expert of New York city. He 
 has been president of the polytechnic branch of the American 
 institute ; and is active in the general society of mechanics and 
 tradesmen and also in the prohibition political work. 
 
 Stetson, Willis Kimball, librarian Free public library of New 
 Haven, Conn., was born May 8, 1858, in Natick, Mass. In 1881 
 he graduated from the Wesslyan university; and received the 
 degree of A.M. from that institution. Until 1887 he was librarian 
 of the Wesleyan university and Russell library of Middletown, 
 Conn. ; and since 1887 has been librarian of the Free public li- 
 brary of New Haven, oCnn. 
 
 Steward, Theophilus Gould, clergyman, author, was born 
 April 17, 1843, in Gouldtown, N.J. He is a clergyman of African 
 descent. He is the author of Death, Hades and the Resurrection ; 
 The End of the World ; and Genesis Reread. 
 
 Stewart, George Black, founder, theologian, college president, 
 author, was born Feb. 28, 1854, in Columbus, Ohio. Since 1899 
 he has been president and professor of practical theology in the 
 theological seminary of Auburn, N.Y. He was the founder and 
 for five years was president of the Pennsylvania chautauqua. 
 He is the author of the Life of Jesus. 
 
 Stewart, Gideon Tabor, lawyer, journalist, prohibitionist, was 
 born Aug. 7, 1824, in Johnstown, N.Y. In 1861 he moved to 
 Iowa, where he edited and published the Dubuque Daily Times 
 during the civil war. He has been elected three times grand 
 worthy chief Templar by the Good Templars of Iowa, and has 
 been their nominee three times for governor, seven times for 
 supreme judge, once for congress, and once for vice-president of 
 the United States. 
 
 Stewart, John, lawyer, state senator, jurist, was born Nov. 
 4, 1839, in Shippensburg, Pa. In 1864 he was a delegate to re- 
 publican national convention ; and in 1892 was a member of the 
 constitutional convention of Pennsylvania. In 1887 was elected 
 president judge of the thirty-ninth judicial district of the state, 
 
364 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 was re-elected in 1897. In 1905 was elected justice of the supreme 
 court, which position he now holds. In 1880-84 he was a member 
 of the Pennsylvania state senate ; and since 1888 has been presid- 
 ing judge of the thirty-ninth judicial district of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Stewart, Thomas J., adjutant-general of Pennsylvania, was 
 born Sept. 11, 1848, near Belfast, Ireland. He served in the civil 
 war as a private in the one hundred and thirty-eighth regiment 
 Pennsylvania volunteers. In 1890 he was department commander 
 for Pennsylvania Grand Army of the Republic; and in 1903 was 
 commander in chief. In 1885-86 he was a representative in the 
 Pennsylvania state legislature ; and since 1868 has been connected 
 with the national guard of Pennsylvania. In 1886-94 he was sec- 
 retary of internal affairs ; and since 1894 has been adjutant-gen- 
 eral of Pennsylvania; and resides in Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Stockwell, Walter Lincoln, superintendent public instruction 
 of North Dakota, was born Jan. 12, 1868, in Anoka, Minn. He 
 was educated at the university of Minnesota. In 1891-1902 he 
 was superintendent of schools of Grafton, N.D. ; and then became 
 superintendent of public instruction for North Dakota. In 1902- 
 03 he was grand master Free and Accepted Masons of North Da- 
 kota; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. 
 Since 1903 he has been superintendent of public instruction in 
 North Dakota ; and resides in Bismarck, N.D. 
 
 Stoddard, Willian Osborn, journalist, inventor, author, was 
 born Sept. 24, 1835, in Homer, N.Y. He is a journalist and in- 
 ventor whose writings have been largely though not entirely for 
 juvenile readers, and have been very popular. He was private 
 secretary to President Lincoln. He is the author of Little Smoke ; 
 The Windfall; Esau Hardery; Dab Kinzer; Saltillo Boys; 
 Wrecked ; Verses of Many Days ; The Heart of It ; The White 
 Cave, an Australian Story; The Red Mustang; Two Arrows; 
 Among the Lakes ; The Quartet ; Winter Fun ; Men of Business ; 
 The Talking Leaves; The Volcano Under the City; a story of 
 the draft riots in New York ; Lives of the Presidents ; Gid Grang- 
 er; and Chuck Purdy. 
 
 Stokes, Charles Francis, surgeon United States navy, was 
 born Feb. 20, 1863, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He was educated at the 
 Adelphi academy and polytechnic collegiate institute and Colum- 
 bia university of New York city. In 1884-85 he was house sur- 
 geon at the Bellevue hospital of New York city ; in 1885-86 at the 
 Gouverneur hospital; and in 1886-89 was visiting surgeon to the 
 New York hospital. In 1889-1903 he was surgeon in the United 
 States navy. Since 1903 he has filled the chair of military surgery 
 in the United States medical school; and is now connected with 
 the United States naval hospital at San Juan, Porto Rico. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 365 
 
 Stokes, John P., state representative of Florida, was born Nov. 
 30, 1886, in Pensacola, Fla. He was educated in the city schools ; 
 studied law ; and attained success at the bar. He has been circuit 
 court commissioner and United States commissioner; and was 
 special council for the United States in the Jackson lumber com- 
 pany peonage cases. He is a state representative in the Florida 
 legislature from Escambia county for the term of 1908-11, has 
 been speaker pro tem ; and resides in Pensacola, Fla. 
 
 Stone, Charles W., lawyer, state senator, congressman, was 
 born June 29, 1843, in Groton, Mass. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the public schools ; and graduated from "Wil- 
 liams college. He was appointed county superintendent of schools 
 of Warren county, Pa., in 1865; was a member of the Pennsyl- 
 vania house of representatives in 1870-71 ; and was a member of 
 the Pennsylvania senate in 1877-78. He was lieutenant-governor 
 of that state from 1879 to 1883 ; and was appointed secretary of 
 the commonwealth in 1887. He was elected to the fifty-first con- 
 gress to fill a vacancy; and was elected to the fifty-second con- 
 gress. He was elected to the fifty-third and fifty-fourth con- 
 gresses, and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican; 
 and resides in Warren, Pa. 
 
 Storer, Francis Humphreys, educator, chemist, author, was 
 born March 27, 1832, in Boston, Mass. He is an eminent chem- 
 ist, formerly professor of agricultural chemistry at Harvard un- 
 iversity and dean of the Bussey institute. He is the author of Al- 
 loys of Copper and Zinc ; Manufacture of Paraffin Oils ; First Out- 
 lines of a Dictionary of the Solubilities of Chemical Substances; 
 Manual of Inorganic Cheimstry; Manual of Qualitative Chemical 
 Analysis; and Agriculture in Some of its Relations with Chem- 
 istry. 
 
 Stowell, Calvin L., underwriter, financier, author, was born 
 Aug. 28, 1845, in Ansonia, Pa. He began his business career in a 
 New York banking instituion ; and since 1875 has been associated 
 with the business and financial affairs of New York city and 
 Rochester, N.Y. He became connected as director, manager, vice- 
 president and president with nearly a score of railway and steam- 
 ship companies, banks and fire insurance companies, and other 
 corporations. He has always been interested in science and art ; 
 is a member of the American academy of political and social sci- 
 ence ; and a member of various scientific and literary societies in 
 the United States, Great Britain and France ; and has an excellent 
 collection of works of art. He is the author of Christian Knight- 
 hood. 
 
 Strange, Willoughby Temple, lawyer, was born Sept. 6, 1860, 
 at Charlottesville, Va. He is a son of the confederate states gen- 
 
366 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 eral, John Bowie Strange, of Virginia, who was killed in the 
 battle of Sharpburg in 1862. He received his education at the 
 William and Mary college of Williamsburg, Va. ; at the Richmond 
 college ; and at the University of Virginia. He is one of the fore- 
 most lawyers of Texas. He resides at Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Stratton, George Oren, state representative of Vermont, was 
 born June 4, 1851, in Greenwich, Mass. He was educated at the 
 district Union and Montpelier high school of Vermont. He is vice- 
 president of the Vermont Mutual Fire insurance company of Mont- 
 pelier, Vt. ; and prominently identified with the business and pub- 
 lic affairs of that city. He has been bailiff and village trustee; 
 selectman of the town of Montpelier ; president of the first board 
 of aldermen of the city of Montpelier ; and served with distinction 
 as second mayor of that city. He is at present secretary of the 
 board of shcool commissioners. In 1904 he was a representative 
 in the Vermont state legislature ; and resides in Montpelier, Vt. 
 
 Streeter, Frank Sherwin, member republican national commit- 
 tee for New Hampshire, was born Aug. 5, 1853, in East Charles- 
 ton, Vt. He was educated at St. Johnsbury academy; and grad- 
 uated from Dartmouth college. He soon attained success in the 
 practice of law in Concord, N.H. ; and is prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of that city. In 1885 he was 
 a representative in the New Hampshire state legislature ; and was 
 a member on several important committees. In 1896 he was a 
 member of the republican national convention; since 1893 has 
 been a trustee of Dartmouth college ; and has filled various other 
 positions of trust and honor. He was a member of the republi- 
 can national committee for New Hampshire for the term of 1904- 
 08 ; and resides in Concord, N.H. 
 
 Stringer, Lawrence B., presiding judge Illinois state court of 
 claims, was born Feb. 24, 1866, in New Jersey. He was educated at 
 the Lincoln college of the James Millikin university, receiving the 
 degree of A.B. in 1887 ; attended the Chicago college of law ; and 
 in 1898 received the degree of LL.B. from Lake Forest university. 
 He attained success in the practice of law; and is a prominent 
 member of the democratic party. In 1890-94 he was a member of 
 the Illinois house of representatives in the thirty-seventh and 
 thirty-eighth general assemblies ; and in 1900-04 was a member of 
 the Illinois state senate. In 1904 he was the democratic candi- 
 date for governor of Illinois ; and in 1909 was the democratic can- 
 didate for United States senator from Illinois. Since 1905 he has 
 been presiding judge of the Illinois state court of claims ; is now 
 serving his second term of 1907-11; and resides in Lincoln, 111. 
 
 Stromquist, Charles J., farmer, legislator, was born Sept. 27, 
 1842, in Sweden. He emigrated to the United States in 1867, and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 367 
 
 is now a successful farmer and stock-raiser of Fremont, Kan. He 
 has been assessor, justice of the peace, county commissioner, and 
 served with distinction in the Kansas state legislature for two 
 terms, during 1893-95, declining to be a candidate for a third term. 
 He was the originator of the Swedish-American Insurance com- 
 pany of Kansas, and was its president for ten years. Since 1880 
 he has been a member of the board of directors of Bethany college 
 of Lindsborg; and resides in McPherson, Kan. 
 
 Sturges, W. S., member Arizona Territory republican national 
 committee, was born March 3, 1856, at Dungan's Falls, Ohio. He 
 is a miner and proprietor of a cattle ranch ; and has been chairman 
 of the Live Stock Sanitary board of Arizona. He was a member 
 of the Arizona Territory republican national committee for the 
 term of 1904-08; and resides in Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
 Sturgis, Russell, architect, author, was born Oct. 16, 1836, in 
 Baltimore county, Md. He is an architect of New York city; a 
 valued authority upon art, architecture, and archaeology ; and was 
 decorature art editor of the Century Dictionary. He is the author 
 of European Architecture ; a Historical Study ; Annotated Biblio- 
 graphy of Fine Art ; and Dictionary of Architecture. 
 
 Sullivan, Alexander, lawyer, was born Aug. 9, 1847, in Water- 
 ville, Maine. In 1883 he was chosen first president of the Irish 
 National league of America, whose object is to promote home 
 rule in Ireland. This place he resigned in 1884, and now de- 
 votes his entire time to his profession of law in Chicago, 111. 
 
 Sullivan, Isaac N., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Idaho, was born Nov. 3, 1848, in Iowa. He was educated in the 
 public schools and at Adrian college of Michigan. For many 
 years he practiced law in Iowa and at Hailey, Idaho and attained 
 prominence at the bar. In 1890 he was elected associate justice 
 of the supreme court of Idaho ; was re-elected in 1892, 1898, 1904 
 and 1908; was three times chief justice; and is now serving his 
 term ending in 1912. He is prominently identified with the re- 
 publcan party, and resided in Hailey, Idaho. 
 
 Sulloway, Cyrus Adams, United States congressman from New 
 Hampshire, was born June 8, 1839, in Grafton, N.H. He was a 
 member of the New Hampshire house of representatives in 1872- 
 73 and 1887-93. In 1895-1911 he was a representative from New 
 Hampshire to the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a 
 republican. 
 
 Summers, Williamson Shaw, lawyer, public official, was born 
 Oct. 18, 1862, in Adams county, Ohio. He received the rudiments 
 of his education in the public schools of LaSalle county, Illinois. 
 He attended Cornell college from which institution he was grad- 
 
368 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 uated in 1882. After graduating from Iowa state college he en- 
 tered the university of Michigan where he did special work in the 
 schools of philosophy and law. He was graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Michigan in 1885. In 1886 he went to Nebraska and 
 entered into the practice of the law. He has been active in the 
 practice of his profession at all times since he took up his resi- 
 dence in Nebraska. From 1891 to 1895 he was in the attorney 
 general 's office at Lincoln, Nebraska. From 1898 to 1904 he was 
 the United States attorney for Nebraska. From 1893 to 1899 he 
 was one of the professors in the law department of the university 
 of Nebraska. He is now engaged in the general practice of the 
 law at Omaha, Nebraska and is identified with the business and 
 political affairs of his city, county and state. 
 
 Sutro, Theodore, lawyer, author, was born March 14, 1845, 
 in Prussia. In 1875 he was employed as attorney for the Sutro 
 tunnel company of Nevada. He is the author of The Sutro Tun- 
 nel Company and the Sutro Tunnel. 
 
 Sutton, William Henry, lawyer, legislator, orator, was born 
 Sept. 11, 1835, in Haddonfield, N.J. He received his education 
 at the Dickinson college of Carlisle, Pa. ; the Wesleyan university 
 of Middletown, Conn., and the Albany law school; and has re- 
 ceived the degrees of A.M., LL.D. and D.C.L. He has been school 
 director and a state senator in the Pennsylvania legislature ; and 
 was instrumental in introducing and passing many improvements 
 in statutory law. He has declined nominations for judge of court 
 of common pleas and for congress, preferring the practice of law, 
 in which he has been eminently successful, both in criminal and 
 comomn law. He is a ready speaker at conventions, banquets, 
 ocean entertainments, but as a brilliant and eloquent lawyer of 
 Philadelphia he is most distinguished; and resides in Brightone, 
 Haverford, a beautiful suburb of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Swett, John, educator, viticulturist, author, was born July 31, 
 1830, in Pittsfield, N.H. He was educated at Pittsfield academy, 
 at Pembroke academy, and Merrimack normal institute ; and has 
 received the degree of A.M. He was a teacher of common schools 
 in New Hampshire and Massachusetts ; and principal of the gram- 
 mar school of San Francisco in 1853-62. In 1863-68 he was state 
 school superintendent of schools of California. In 1870-73 he was 
 deputy superintendent of schools of San Francisco; was princi- 
 pal of the girl's high and normal schools in 1876-89; and city su- 
 perintendent of schools of San Francisco in 1890-95. Since that 
 time he has been a successful viticulturist of Martinez, Cal. In 
 1864-68 he was also editor-in-chief of the California state educa- 
 tional journal. He is the author of History of the Public School 
 System of California ; American Public Schools ; School Elocution. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 369 
 
 Normal Word Book; Common School Reading; and joint author 
 with William Swinton of numerous school text-books. 
 
 Swetting, Ernest Volney, educator, lawyer, was born Aug. 1, 
 1858, in Berlin, Wis. He received his education in the public 
 schools of his native city and graduated from the high school of 
 Berlin, Wis. ; was engaged in educational work for a number of 
 years ; and is now one of the foremost lawyers of Iowa of Algona. 
 He has been a director of the First national bank of that city. 
 
 Swink, George W., farmer, state senator, was born June 1, 
 1836, in Breckinridge county, Ky. During 1875-84 he was post- 
 master at Rocky Ford, Col. ; was elected to the Colorado state 
 senate in 1892, and received the re-election in 1896. He has 
 taken an active part in the organization of several irrigating 
 companies and helped to build several large canals in the in- 
 terests of his county ; and resides in Rocky Ford, Col. 
 
 Symmes, Frank Jameson, merchant, banker, naval officer, was 
 born June 7, 1847, in Kingston, Mass. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native city; in 1860-64 at Partridge academy 
 of Duxbury, Mass.; in 1864-66 was a student in the Lawrence 
 scientific school of Hartford university where he received the 
 degree of S.B. ; and attended the United States naval academy, 
 ron ; and in 1870-71 saw service on the Pensacola, Saginaw, Resaca 
 In 1868-69 he served on the Dacotah in the south Pacific squad- 
 and Saranac. In 1871 he resigned from the United States navy 
 as second assistant engineer. In 1871-76 was a salesman; in 
 1883-1903 was president and since then has been vice-president 
 of Thomas Day company of San Francisco, Cal. In 1903-07 he 
 was president of the central trust company of California; and 
 since 1902 has been treasurer of the Pacific meter company. He 
 is a director of Spring valley water company and a member of 
 several clubs and societies. 
 
 Symonds, Joseph White, lawyer, orator, author, jurist, was 
 born in September, 1841, in Portland, Maine. He has been city 
 solicitor, judge of the superior court of Portland, Maine; and 
 in 1874-84 was an associate justice of the supreme court of 
 Maine. He is the author of Nathaniel Hawthorne, an oration. 
 
 Talcott, Thad M., lawyer, legislator, state senator, was born 
 Oct. 18, 1875, in Cleveland, Ohio. He received a thorough educa- 
 tion ; and graduated from Yale university, Cornell university 
 and the Northwestern university. He has attained success in the 
 practice of law at South Bend, Ind In 1903-05 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Indiana state house of representatives; and is now 
 serving with distinction as a member of the Indiana state senate. 
 In senate 1905 to 1908; 1908 appointed United States commis- 
 sioner for district of Indiana; in 1909 appointed delegate to 
 
370 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 National democratic congress at Denver; and was appointed 
 a member of the National uniform law commission by Gov. Hanly. 
 
 Tannatt, E. Tappan, professor Montana state college, was 
 born Sept. 16, 1864, in Manchester, Mass. He was educated at 
 the university of Illinois and at the Washington state college. He 
 is a civil and electrical engineer; and was a lieutenant in the 
 second regiment United States volunteer engineers. He was in 
 charge of the civil engineering department of the Waialua agri- 
 cultural company of Hawaii; managing engineer of the Oahu 
 college trustees of Honolulu; chief engineer of the Big Bend 
 water power company of Spokane, Wash, and chief engineer of 
 the eastern Washington construction company of Spokane, Wash. 
 He is now in charge of the civil engineering department at Mon- 
 tana state college ; and rural engineer of the Montana agricultural 
 eperiment station; and resides in Bozeman, Montana. 
 
 Tatem, Henry R., state representative of New Jersey, was born 
 Dec. 20, 18 — in Collingswood, N.J. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of his native state ; attended Friends high school ; at- 
 tended Fern Smith's academy for boys and young men in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. He studied pharmacy and engaged in same for five 
 years, but left that profession on account of ill health; and was 
 appointed postmaster of Collingswood, serving under the McKin- 
 ley and Roosevelt administrations. He is now engaged in the 
 real estate and insurance business ; and is prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of his city. He is a member 
 of the republican party ; for twelve years represented the borough 
 of Collingswood in the republican county committee ; was the first 
 mayor of the borough of Collingswood, receiving the election with- 
 out opposition. He is president of the Collingswood national bank 
 of New Jersey, an institution with resources of over a quarter of 
 a million dollars. He is a state representative in the New Jersey 
 legislature ; is now serving his second term of 1910-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Collingswood, N.J. 
 
 Taylor, Alexander, H. M., soldier, was born March 7, 1840, in 
 Manchester, England. He was educated in the public schools 
 and academies of Lansingburg and Troy, N.Y. In 1861 he was 
 recruiting officer of New York city ; and second lieutenant in com- 
 pany F of the president's life guard. He served as private of 
 company B ninth regiment New York state militia ; and became 
 sergeant in the United States army in 1862. In 1886 he attained 
 the rank of second lieutenant seventeenth regiment United States 
 infantry; and during a long term of service he has officially re- 
 ceived the high commendation of record at the war department. 
 In 1892 he was appointed captain of the nineteenth regiment 
 United States infantry ; and in 1894 retired from active service. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 371 
 
 Taylor, George Washington, United States congressman from 
 Alabama, was born Jan. 16, 1849, in Montgomery county, Ala. 
 He enlisted as a private in company D, first regiment South 
 Carolina cavalry, and served as a courier till the end of the 
 war. He was elected to the lower house of the general assembly 
 of Alabama in 1878 ; and served one term as a member from 
 Choctaw county ; and 1880 he was elected state solicitor for the 
 first judicial circuit of Alabama. He was re-elected in 1886. In 
 1897-1911 he was a representative from Alabama to the fifty- 
 fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth, 
 sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a democrat. 
 
 Taylor, Robert, stockman, state senator, was born in 1846, 
 in Berwickshire, Scotland. In 1886 he went to Pennsylvania; 
 and the following spring moved to California by the Nicaragua 
 route. In 1880 he trailed sheep from California to AVyoming; 
 was one of the pioneers of the business; and owns a breeding 
 and feeding farm of nine thousand acres in Wyoming. He has 
 served two terms in the legislature of Wyoming as state sena- 
 tor from Natrona county. 
 
 Taylor, Robert Stewart, lawyer, jurist, state legislator, au- 
 thor, was born May 22, 1838, in Ross county, Ohio. He has at- 
 tained success at the bar in Fort Wayne, Ind. ; has served with 
 distinction as a member of the Indiana state legislature ; and 
 also served one term on the bench. In 1881 he was appointed 
 a member of the Mississippi river commission by President Gar- 
 field to succeed Benjamin Harrison. He is regarded as an au- 
 thority on Mississippi river questions; and has published many 
 addresses and papers on that subject. He was a member of the 
 monetary commission appointed under the auspices of the In- 
 dianapolis convention of 1897 ; and during 1873-96 has pub- 
 lished discussions of the money question covering all its va- 
 rious phases ; and resides in Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Taylor, William Wallace, physician, surgeon, was born Sept. 
 13, 1871, in Charlottestown, Canada. He has attained success in 
 his profession in New York city; and is surgeon to the insular 
 transatlantic steam navigation company. He is a tutor in the 
 New York polyclinic ; and attending gyneacologist in the out- 
 door department of Bellevue hospital of New York city. 
 
 Teller, Henry Moore, United States senator from Colorado, 
 was born May 23, 1830, in Granger, N.Y. He moved to Illinois 
 in 1858, and from there to Colorado in 1861. He never held office 
 until he was elected to the United States senate on the admis- 
 sion of Colorado as a state, and took his seat in 1876 ; and was 
 reelected in 1876. In 1882-85 he was secretary of the interior. 
 In 1875-83 and since 1885 he has been a member of the United 
 
372 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 States senate, and is now serving the term of 1903-09; and re- 
 sides in Central City, Col. 
 
 Temple, Edward Lowe, banker, lecturer, author, was born 
 May 12, 1844, in Fort Winnebago, "Wis. Since 1883 he has been 
 manager of the Marble Savings bank of Rutland, Vt., and city 
 superintendent of schools. In 1893 he published a volume en- 
 titled The Church in the Prayer Book ; Shakespeare ; the Man 
 and his Art; The Testimony of the Scriptures; and Old World 
 Memories. 
 
 Terres, John B., United States consul, was born Sept. 25, 1847, 
 in Charlotte, N.C. He received a thorough education in the pri- 
 vate schools of his native state; and in 1866 graduated from 
 the Richmond medical college with the degree of M.D. He at- 
 tained success in his profession in the state of New York; and 
 has filled various positions of trust and honor. In 1882-1904 he 
 was United States vice-consul-general ; and in 1904 was appointed 
 American consul from the state of New York. Since 1882 he 
 has been in the United States consular service; and is now 
 United States consul to Port au Prince, Haiti. 
 
 Terry, Charles Thaddeus, educator, lawyer, was born Sept. 
 6, 1867, in Albany, N.Y. Since 1902 he has been professor of law 
 in Columbia law school. In 1905 he was commissioner for the 
 state of New York to the national convention of commissioners 
 of the states of the union on union state laws. 
 
 Thach, Charles Coleman, educator, college president, was born 
 in 1860 in Athens, Ala. In 1877 he graduated with the degree 
 of B.E. from the Alabama polytechnic institute ; in 1880-81 was a 
 student in the Johns Hopkins university of Baltimore, Md. ; and 
 received the degree of A.M. and LL.D. from the university of 
 Alabama. Since 1885 he has been professor of English and since 
 1902 has been president of the Alabama polytechnic institute of 
 Auburn, Ala. He is a member of the Alabama text-book com- 
 mission ; and is also a member of the Alabama Rhodes scholarship 
 commission. 
 
 Thiry, John Henry, merchant, founder, author, was born Dec. 
 30, 1822, in Belgium. Until 1874 he was in the book business in 
 New York city. Since 1883 he has been a school commissioner; 
 and is now a member of the local school board of district forty- 
 one Queens county, N.Y. He is the founder of the school savings 
 bank of America, in which fifteen million dollars have been 
 saved by the young people of America. He is the author of Early 
 Schools in Long Island; and numerous educational Monographs. 
 Thomas, Earl D., colonel of cavalry United States army, was 
 born Jan. 4, 1847, in McHenry, 111. In 1857-61 he attended Todds 
 academy of Woodstock, 111. In 1862 he enlisted in the eighth 
 
OF* THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 373 
 
 regiment Illinois volunteer cavalry; and served through the civil 
 war, participating in all the campaign of the army of the Poto- 
 mac in 1862-65 in the cavalry corps of that army. At the age of 
 sixteen years he was appointed sergeant-major of the regiment; 
 and in 1865 was discharged from the volunteer service of the 
 United States army to accept an appointment as cadet at the 
 United States military academy. In 1870-71 he participated in 
 the Indian campaigns in the fifth United States cavalry; and in 
 1872 was promoted to first lieutenant. In 1875-78 he was aide- 
 de-camp to General Kautz; in 1878-80 served in Wyoming and 
 Nebraska; and in 1880-83 he served at different military posts 
 until promoted to grade of captain of cavalry in 1885. He was 
 present at the opening of Oklahoma in 1889; and at the open- 
 ing of the Cheyenne and Arapahoe reservation in 1891. In 1898 
 he was appointed major and inspector-general of volunteers at 
 the breaking out of the Spanish- American war; was promoted to 
 major of cavalry in 1899 ; and in 1900-01 was judge of the Puerto 
 Rican provincial court. In 1903 he was in command of the thir- 
 teenth cavalry to the Philippine islands; he has participated in 
 various Indian wars and campaigns; and served with distinc- 
 tion in the Spanish- American war in the Philippines and; Porto 
 Rico. 
 
 Thomas, John R., soldier, lawyer, congressman and judge, was 
 born Oct. 11, 1846, at Mount Vernon, 111. He received a thorough 
 education. He served in the union army during the civil war, 
 rising from the rank of private to that of captain. He was state 's 
 attorney from 1872 to 1876; was a representative in congress 
 from Illinois during the 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th and 50th congresses, 
 as a republican. Was judge of the United States courts in Indian 
 territory, including the United States court of appeals, for four 
 years ; was a member and chairman of the judiciary committee of 
 the Sequoyah constitutional convention; was elected member of 
 congress from the proposed state of Sequoyah ; was unanimously 
 nominated by the state republican convention for judge of the 
 supreme court of Oklahoma, but declined the nomination. Is 
 now, (1909), a member of the code commission of the state of 
 Oklahoma. Was grand master of the Masonic grand lodge of 
 Illinois, and is a 32d degree Mason, residence, Muskogee, Okla- 
 homa. 
 
 Thomas, M. Carey, educator, college president, was born Jan. 
 2, 1857, in Baltimore, Md. She was the first woman to receive 
 the highest degree given by the university of Zurich. In 1885- 
 94 she was dean of the faculty of Bryn Mawr college; and pro- 
 fessor of English ; and since 1894 has been president of that 
 institution. In 1895-99 she served as a trustee of Cornell uni- 
 
374 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 versity. She is a noted writer and speaker on subjects affecting 
 the higher education of women. 
 
 Thompson, Andrew Anderson, banker, legislator, was born 
 Oct. 25, 1880, in Uniontown, Pa. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native city; and in 1902 graduated from Wash- 
 ington and Jefferson college. Since 1902 he has been connected 
 with the First National bank of Uniontown, Pa.; and is also 
 engaged as a coal operator. Since 1901 he has been a repre- 
 sentative from Fayette county in the Pennslyvania state legis- 
 lature ; and is now serving his second term. He is the youngest 
 member in the Pennsylvania house of representatives; and is 
 the youngest representative ever elected to fill that position ; and 
 resides in Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 Thompson, John Gilbert, educator, was born June 23, 1862, 
 in New Bedford, Mass. In 1886 he graduated from Dartmouth 
 college, and has since attained eminence as a successful edu- 
 cator. He has been superintendent of schools, and is now prin- 
 cipal of the State Normal school of Fitchburg, Mass. 
 
 Thomson, John, librarian, author, was born in England. For 
 eight years he was private librarian to Clarence H. Clark of 
 Philadelphia, Pa.; and for nearly three years was private lib- 
 rarian for Jay Gould of Irving-on-Hudson N.Y. Since its open- 
 ing in 1894 he has been librarian of the Free library of Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. He is the author of Discritive Catalogue of Library 
 of C. H. Clark, in two volumes; Catalogue of Irving Library of 
 Jay Gould and Descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Sir Wal- 
 ter Scott for the Free Library. He is also the author of Eight 
 Annual Reports of the Free Library and other works. 
 
 Thorington, William Sewell, lawyer, jurist, was born July 30, 
 1847, in Montgomery, Ala. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar ; 
 has been city attorney of Montgomery and judge advocate-general 
 for four years. He has been judge of the city court of Mont- 
 gomery (law and equity court) ; associate justice of the su- 
 preme court of Alabama (appellate court), and declined re-elec- 
 tion in 1892. He was appointed trustee of the State university 
 of Alabama to succeed Hon. H. A. Herbert, and filled that po- 
 sition for about eight years. During 1864-65 he was in the con- 
 federate service with the Alabama corps of cadets, of which he 
 was adjutant in 1865. This able lawyer and jurist has always 
 been a resident in the place of his nativity. He was the author of 
 several works. In 1897 he was elected dean of the law faculty 
 in the university of Alabama. 
 
 Thorp, Abner, physician, manufacturer, author, was born Oct. 
 2, 1840, in Lawrenceburg, Ind. In his infancy he was taken 
 to Cincinnati, Ohio; he there graduated from Woodward high 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 375 
 
 school ; and was the valedictorian of his class. He served in the 
 medical corps during the civil war of 1861-65. For twenty-five 
 years he was a member of a large pharmaceutical manufacturing 
 business in Cincinnati, Ohio ; and for the past twelve years has 
 been practicing medicine. He has been an extensive traveler. 
 He is the author of A Child of Nature; Effe's Conquest; and has 
 contributed valuable articles to medical and current literature. 
 
 Throop, Benjamin H., physician surgeon, was born Nov. 9, 
 1811, in Oxford, N.Y. He was educated in the Oxford academy; 
 and at the Fairfield medical college. In 1832 he began the prac- 
 tice of medicine at Honesdale, Pa. For one year he practiced 
 in Oswego, N.Y. ; and then moved to New York city, practicing 
 there until 1840; when he moved to Scranton, Pa. He was a 
 dealer in coal lands; and assisted in organizing several mining 
 companies. In 1854 he obtained a charter from the state legis- 
 lature for a gas and water company; and also for the Lacka- 
 wanna hospital. He was extensively engaged in real estate opera- 
 tions and in the lumbering business. In 1877 he became president 
 of the Scranton city bank. He served as surgeon in the civil 
 war; and established a field hospital. He presented a medical 
 library to the Lackawanna medical society. 
 
 Thruston, Gates Phillips, soldier, lawyer, author, was born 
 June 11, 1835, in Dayton, Ohio. He was captain of first regi- 
 ment Ohio infantry in 1861 ; was promoted major and assistant 
 adjutant-general in 1862, and was brevetted colonel and briga- 
 dier-general of volunteers for conspicuous gallantry at Murfrees- 
 boro and Chickamauga. Since the war he has followed his pro- 
 fession at Nashville, Tenn. ; is president of the State Insurance 
 company; and is vice-president of Tennessee historical society. 
 He is the author of Antiquities of Tennessee ; and other scientific 
 and historical works; and resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Thurston, John Mellen, lawyer, state legislator, United States 
 senator, was born Aug. 21, 1847, in Montpelier, Vt. He was 
 elected a member of the Omaha city council in 1872 ; city attorney 
 of Omaha in 1874, and a member of the Nebraska legislature in 
 1875. He was president of the republican league of the United 
 States in 1889 to 1891. In 1877 he became assistant attorney of 
 the Union Pacific railway ocmpany, and in 1888 was appointed 
 general solicitor of the Union Pacific system, and held that po- 
 sition at the time of his election to the senate. In 1895 he was 
 tendered in writing the unanimous vote of the entire republican 
 membership in the legislature, and was elected for the term 
 commencing March 4, 1895. His term of office expired March 
 3, 1901. He was permanent chairman of the republican national 
 convention of 1896 which nominated President McKinley. He is 
 
376 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 a constant contributor to current publications; and an able 
 orator; and resides in Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Thweatt, Hiram H., an educator, was born June 11, 1864, at 
 Tuskegee, Ala. He was educated at the Tuskegee Institute, being 
 a member of the first graduating class turned out by that famous 
 institution, 1885. After teaching in the different counties of 
 Alabama, he became principal of Christiansburg institute, Cam- 
 bria, Va., 1893-96, where he did creditable work, voluntarily re- 
 signing to work in the milder climate of Georgia where in 1896 he 
 was elected principal of the Clay street high school, Thomasville, 
 Ga., a position he still holds. He is also a noted musician, being a 
 splendid vocalist, and teacher of the cornet, piano, mandolin, 
 violin, and guitar. He was president of the State teachers' asso- 
 ciation 1904-06 and at the same time was vice-president for 
 Georgia of the National teachers' association of negro schools, as 
 well as an active member of the N. E. A. 
 
 Tibbals, Williams Huntington, educator, mining operator, was 
 born Dec. 22, 1848, in Union, N.J. In 1875 he graduated with the 
 degree of A.B. from Oberlin college ; in 1879 received the degree 
 of A.M. from that institution. He subsequently received the de- 
 gree of Ph.D. from Gale college of Wisconsin for special work in 
 philosophy. For many years he was at the head of city schools in 
 Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin. For six years he was' professor of 
 philosophy and literature in Park college ; and for three filled the 
 same chair at Salt Lake college. He is now conducting extensive 
 mining operations. In 1897-98 he was president of the Utah 
 state christian endeavor union. He has written extensively in 
 literary and educational magazines. 
 
 Tibbets, Addison S., lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 28, 1850, in 
 Belfast, N.Y. He was educated at the Friendship academy of 
 New York ; at the Genesee Valley seminary of Belfast, N.Y. ; and 
 at the Cornell university of Ithaca, N.Y. He has attained success 
 as one of the foremost lawyers of the west at Lincoln, Neb. ; and 
 in 1891-96 was judge of district court of the third judicial district 
 of Nebraska. In 1900 he was a delegate-at-large for Nebraska to 
 the democratic national convention held in Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Tilford, Frank, merchant, banker, was born July 22, 1852, in 
 New York city. In 1876 he joined the real estate exchange, and, 
 from that time to the present, has been an extensive operator in 
 real estate, both in Harlem and) on the west side above Fifty- 
 ninth street. In 1885 he was elected a trustee of the North River 
 Savings bank. During the same year Park and Tilford opened 
 a branch store at Fifty-ninth street and Fifth avenue, and Mr. 
 Tilford was placed in charge of this establishment. Even this ad- 
 ditional increase of labors was not sufficient to employ all of his 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 377 
 
 active energies ; and in 1889, together with George G. Haven, he 
 organized the Bank of New Amsterdam, of which Thomas C. 
 Acton is president. Mr. Tilford has been vice-president of the 
 bank from the day it opened; and resides in New York city. 
 
 Tillotson, Thomas C, stockman, jurist, was born March 11, 
 1853, in Boone county, 111. During 1870-75 he was engaged in 
 the hardware business in Chicago, 111. ; and was an eye-witness 
 of the great conflagration of Oct. 9, 1871. He has been post- 
 master of Lincoln, N.M. ; probate clerk and register of deeds, and 
 judge of the probate court. In 1890 he was the nominee of the 
 republican convention for the legislative assembly in his district. 
 He was a Star Route mail contractor, and operated a line or 
 route of one hundred and thirty-six miles in length ; and for 
 four years was receiver of the court in a very important cattle 
 suit. He is a successful rancher and stock-raiser of Lincoln 
 county, N.M. ; and takes a prominent part in all public affairs; 
 and resides in Lower Penosco, N.M. 
 
 Titus, Robert Cyrus, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 24, 1839, in 
 Eden, N.Y. For thirty years he has practiced law in Buffalo, N.Y. 
 He was district attorney of Erie county for three years; state 
 senator in the New York legislature for four years ; and has filled 
 the positions of judge of the superior court of Buffalo and jus- 
 tice of the supreme court of New York. 
 
 Toadvin, Edward Stanley, state land commissioner of Mary- 
 land, was born Dec. 3, 1848, in Salisbury, Md. He was educated 
 at Princeton college and at the university of Virginia. He has 
 been state 's attorney for Wicomico county, Md. ; and held various 
 other positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has been land 
 commissioner of Maryland ; and resides in Salisbury, Md. 
 
 Todd, David, director Amherst college observatory, was born 
 March 19, 1855, in Lake Ridge, N.Y. In 1875 he graduated from 
 Amherst college ; and has received the degree of A.M. and Ph.D. 
 In 1889-90 he was chief of the United States scientific expedition 
 to West Africa ; of many eclipse expeditions to different counties ; 
 and of the Mars expedition to the Andes of Chile 1907. He is the 
 author of A New Astronomy; Stars and Telescopes; and other 
 works. Since 1881 he has been professor of astronomy and navi- 
 gation, and director of the observatory, at Amherst college ; and 
 resides in Amherst, Mass. 
 
 Tooley, Clarence Phillip, state senator of Montana, was born 
 Aug. 31, 1874, in Evanston, Wyo. He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of Baldwinsville, N.Y. He is now a successful 
 merchant of Two Dot, Mont. ; and prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of his city, county and state. He was 
 a representative in the eighth general assembly of the Montana 
 
378 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 state legislature ; and was a member on several important commit- 
 tees. He is now a member of the Montana state senate for Mea- 
 gher county; and resides in Two Dot, Mont. 
 
 Tower, Ralph Winfred, educator, librarian, author, was born 
 May 24, 1870, in Amherst, Mass. In 1894-95 he was demonstrator 
 of anatomy in Brown university; in 1898-1901 was an instructor 
 of chemical physiology; has been an assistant and associate pro- 
 fessor ; and since 1903 has been curator of physiology and of books 
 and publications in the American museum of natural history. 
 Since 1904 he has been librarian of the New York academy of 
 sciences. He is the author of Labratory Giude to the Dissection 
 of a Cat; and Labratory Course in Chemical Physiology. 
 
 Towers, Charles B., state representative of Montana, was born 
 July 20, 1855, in Richmond, Vt. He was educated at Goddard 
 seminary and at Tufts college ; and is a civil engineer by profes- 
 sion. He has been special agent for the state of Montana on live 
 stock; is prominently identified with the business and public af- 
 fairs of Miles city, Custer county, Montana ; and has filled various 
 positions of trust and honor. He is now a representative in the 
 tenth legislative assembly of Montana ; and resides in Miles City, 
 Montana. 
 
 Towne, Henry Robinson, civil engineer, manufacturer, au- 
 thor, was born Aug. 28, 1844, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1862 he 
 began life as a draughtsman ; and in 1863-66 was in charge of gov- 
 ernment work. In 1868 he became president of the Yale and 
 Towne manufacturing company of New York city. He is the au- 
 thor of Locks and Builders' Hardware. 
 
 Townsend, Curtis McDonald, civil engineer, was born March 
 22, 1856, in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1879 he graduated from West 
 Point; became lieutenant of engineers; was later promoted cap- 
 tain and major; and has been connected with river and harbor im- 
 provements on the east shore of Lake Michigan, and later on the 
 Mississippi near Rock Island. He is now major in the corps of 
 engineers of the United States army and is in charge of a battalion 
 of engineer troops in the Philippine Islands. 
 
 Townsend, George Washington, merchant, lawyer, author, was 
 born Feb. 1, 1839, in West Chester, Pa. He received his education 
 in the public and classical schools of Philadelphia. For ten years 
 he was a successful merchant, and in 1874 was admitted to the 
 bar, and has given much time and study to solving the educational 
 problem How to Educate. His method of education embodied in 
 The Wherewithal trains the senses and teaches how to think. He 
 has filled high official Masonic positions, and has lectured exten- 
 sively on educational topics. He is the author of Wherewithal, 
 or New Discoveries in Cause and Effect ; and Jacob 's Ladder. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 379 
 
 Townsend, Lawrence, lawyer, translator, diplomat, was born 
 Aug. 13, 1860, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1871-77 he attended Man- 
 tua academy of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and in 1877-81 attended the 
 university of Pennyslvania. In 1893-97 he was first secretary of 
 the United States legation at Vienna; in 1897-99 was envoy ex- 
 traordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States at 
 Lisbon, Portugal; and since 1899 has filled the latter office at 
 Brussels, Belgium. He has made a specialty of international law ; 
 and has published numerous translations from the French and 
 German on that and other subjects. 
 
 Townsend, Luther Tracy, clergyman, educator, author, was 
 born Sept. 27, 1838, in Orono, Maine. He is a methodist clergy- 
 man and educator of prominence, professor in Boston university 
 since 1873 ; a pastor in Baltimore from 1893 ; and subsequently in 
 Washington, D.C. He is the author of God-Man ; Credo ; The Fate 
 of Republics; Outlines of Christian Theology; Sword and Gar- 
 ment ; The Arena and the Throne ; The Intermediate World ; Lost 
 Forever ; Search and Manifestations ; The Mosaic Record and 
 Modern Science; Bible Theology and Modern Thought; Outlines 
 of Theology ; The Supernatural Factor in Religious Revivals ; Real 
 and Pretended Christianity ; The Bible and Other Ancient Litera- 
 ture in the Nineteenth Century; The Chinese Problem; Faith 
 Work, Christian Science and Other Cures; The Intermediate 
 World; The Art of Speech; Jonah in the Light of Higher Criti- 
 cism ; Evolution or Creations Anastasis on the Immoral Life ; Ser- 
 mons and Addresses ; and History of the Sixteenth Regiment New 
 Hampshire Volunteers. 
 
 Trautmann, William E., United States district attorney for 
 Illinois. He received a thorough education; and soon attained 
 eminence at the bar. He was United States district attorney for 
 the eastern district of Illinois ; and resides in East St. Louis, with 
 headquarters at Danville, 111. 
 
 Tripp, Bartlett, lawyer, jurist, diplomat, was born July 15, 1842, 
 in Harmony, Maine. In 1869 he moved to Yankton, S.D. ; and in 
 1883 was a delegate to the first constitutional convention of the 
 territory, and was elected president of that body. In 1883 he was 
 elected president of the Territorial Bar association of the second 
 judicial district; and in 1885 was elected first president of the 
 State Bar association. In 1885-89 he was chief justice of the 
 supreme court of Dakota territory ; in 1893-97 was United States 
 minister to Austria; and since 1899 has been a Samoan commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 Truman, Henry Hertel, stock broker, was born Feb. 7, 1847, in 
 Greenwich, Conn. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools ; and in the Polytechnic institute of Brooklyn, N.Y. Since 
 
380 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1869 he has been a member of the New York exchange; and is 
 also a member of the New York produce exchange. Since 1903 
 he has been senior partner of Henry Truman and company, stock 
 brokers of New York city. In 1890-92 he was mayor of Orange, 
 N.J. ; and is prominently identified with the republican party. He 
 is a member of the New England society of Orange, N.J. ; and a 
 prominent member of various other patriotic and religious so- 
 cieties. 
 
 Tucker, William A., railroad president, capitalist, of Boston, 
 Mass. He is president and director of the Hartford and Spring- 
 field street railway company ; president and director of the Man- 
 chester traction, light and power company; president and director 
 of the Stanislaus electric power company; and treasurer and di- 
 rector in various other corporations of Boston, Mass. 
 
 Tuckerman, Alfred, librarian, bibliographer, author, was born 
 Jan. 15, 1848, in New York city. He received the rudiments of 
 his education in private schools ; in 1870 graduated from Harvard 
 college ; and in 1874 received the degree of Ph.D. from the univer- 
 sity of Leipzig. In 1876-80 he was assistant in Astor library of 
 New York city. He is the author of an Index to Literature of 
 the Spectroscope, in two volumes, in the Smithsonian Miscellane- 
 ous Collections ; an Index to the Literature of Thermodynam and 
 an Index to the Bibliography of the Chemical Influence of Light. 
 Since 1890 he has been a Fellow of the American association for 
 the Advancement of Science ; and for several years has been a 
 member of the New York academy of science. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the University, Harvard and Chemists clubs of New York 
 city, and of the Cosmos club of Washington, D.C. ; and resides 
 in New York city. 
 
 Tuller, Edward Pratt, clergyman, missionary, was born April 
 16, 1859, in Hartford, Conn. He has received the degrees of A.B. 
 and A.M. from Brown university; received the honorary degree 
 of D.D. from Kalamazoo college and in 1887 graduated from the 
 Newton theological institution. In 1886 he was ordained to the 
 baptist ministry; and has filled pastorates in Providence and 
 Newport, R.I. ; in the second baptist church of Lawrence, Mass. ; 
 in the first baptist church of Detroit, Mich. ; and the Memorial 
 baptist church of Chicago, 111. Since 1906 he has been pastor of 
 the Brighton avenue baptist church of Brighton, Mass. In 1901- 
 06 he was secretary of the board and since 1888 has been a mem- 
 ber of the board of managers of the baptist missionary union. 
 In 1902-05 he was a trustee of the Kalamazoo college ; since 1904 
 he has been a trustee of the Boston school of expressions and 
 since 1907 has been a trustee of the Newton theological institution. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 381 
 
 Turner, Alice, educator, physician, writer, was born March 13, 
 1859, near Migo, Iowa. She received her education at the 
 Mitchell seminary, Simpson college, Lincoln university, and the 
 college of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa. She has 
 attained success as an educator and physician of Colfax, Iowa; 
 and is the wife of Dr. Turner of that city. She was the founder 
 of the Colfax library ; has been health officer ; and has contributed 
 valuable papers to current literature on Hygiene, and other topics. 
 The past seven years Dr. Turner and husband Dr. L. C. S. Turner 
 have owned and operated a sanitarium and rest home in Colfax, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Turner, George, lawyer, jurist, United States senator, was born 
 Feb. 25, 1850, in Edina, Mo. In 1876-80 he was United States 
 marshal for the southern and middle districts of Alabama. He 
 was associate justice of the supreme court for the territory of 
 Washington in 1884-88; and in 1889 was a member of the con- 
 stitutional convention which framed the constitution for the state 
 of Washington. In 1897-1903 he was United States senator from 
 Washington as a silver republican by a fusion of silver republicans, 
 populists and democrats. In 1903 he was a member of the Alaskan 
 boundry tribunal held in London, England; and in 1909 was 
 counsel for the United States in the Northeastern fisheries arbitra- 
 tion at the Hague. 
 
 Turner, Henry McNeal, clergyman, legislator, bishop, author, 
 was born Feb. 1, 1834, near Newberry, S.C. In his youth he read 
 law; in 1853 was licensed to preach, and traveled and preached 
 in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and other southern states. 
 He subsequently received the degrees of D.D. and LL.D. During 
 the Civil war he was chaplain in the United States colored troops. 
 In 1868 and 1870 he was a member of the Georgia state legisla- 
 ture; was postmaster of Macon; and since 1880 has been bishop 
 of the American Methodist Episcopal church, with headquarters 
 at Atlanta, Ga. He is the author of Methodist Polity ; and Hymn 
 Book of the American Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Turner, Isaac W., mayor of Mount Kisco, N.T., was born April 
 29, 1854, in Montville, Conn. He received a thorough education, 
 and graduated from the Norwich free academy. He is a success- 
 ful druggist and business man of Mount Kisco, N.Y. ; and promi- 
 nently identified with the business and public affairs of his city. 
 For eight years he was justice of the peace for the town of Bed- 
 ford ; in 1896-1905 was supervisor of the town of Bedford ; and in 
 1904 was a candidate for representative of the Connecticut state 
 legislature, but failed of election by a very small margin. He is 
 mayor of the city of Mount Kisco ; and resides in Mount Kisco, 
 N.Y. 
 
382 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Turner, John Orman, educator, college president, was born 
 Nov. 27, 1850, in Greene county, Ala. He received his education 
 at the Howard college, from which institution he received the 
 degree of A.M. ; the university of Alabama ; and graduated from 
 the state normal college of Troy with the degree of LL.D. He has 
 been principal of the Springfield high school; president of the 
 Ashville college ; county superintendent of education ; since 1894 
 has been state superintendent of education for Alabama ; and for 
 nearly a quarter of a century Dr. Turner has been engaged in 
 practical educational work ; and resides in Asheville, Ala. 
 
 Uphan, Warren, librarian, Minnesota Historical society, was 
 born March 8, 1850, in Amherst, N.H. In 1871 he graduated from 
 Dartmouth college ; and has received from that institution the 
 degrees of A.M. and D.Sc. In 1875-78 he was assistant on the 
 geological survey of New Hampshire ; in 1879-85 and 1893-94 was 
 on the gelogical survey of Minnesota ; and in 1885-95 on the geo- 
 logical survey of the United States. In 1895 he was librarian of 
 the Western reserve historical society at Cleveland, Ohio. He is 
 the author of The Glacial Lake Agassiz ; Greenland Icefields ; many 
 geological and historical papers; and has edited several volumes 
 of the Minnesota Historical society collections. Since 1895 he has 
 been secretary and librarian of the Minnesota Historical society ; 
 and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Uphan, William H., soldier, manufacturer, banker, governor, 
 was born May 3, 1841, in "West Minster, Mass. In 1861 he was shot 
 through the lungs at Bull Run and reported dead. He was lieu- 
 tenant in the United States army until 1875. He then engaged 
 in lumber, furniture manufacturing and banking at Marshfield, 
 "Wis. In 1895-97 he was the sixteenth governor of Wisconsin. 
 
 Upton, Winslow, astronomer, author, was born Oct. 12, 1853, 
 in Salem, Mass. Since 1884 he has been professor of astronomy 
 in Brown university of Providence, R.I. He was a member of the 
 United States expedition to observe eclipses in 1878 and 1883. 
 
 Van Cleave, James W., manufacturer, founder, was born in 
 July, 1849, in Marion county, Ky. He received an academic edu- 
 cation. For forty years he has been in stove manufacturing busi- 
 ness, first in Louisville and later in St. Louis ; and for many years 
 has been president of the Bucks stove and range company of St. 
 Louis, Mo. He is president of the National association of manu- 
 facturers; president of the Citizens' industrial association of St. 
 Louis, being one of the founders of the National organization of 
 that order. He is a member of the Holland society ; and a member 
 of the Glen Echo club ; a member of the Mercantile club ; and is 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of St. 
 Louis, Mo„ 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 383 
 
 Vandale, John A. A., educator, lawyer, was born Sept. 1, 1853, 
 in Boggsville, W.Va. He is a prominent lawyer of Spencer, W. 
 Va. ; was principal of schools for several years, and a member of 
 the school board when the high school was built. He has been 
 public prosecutor for eight years; is a member and secretary of 
 the board of directors of the second hospital for the insane ; and 
 has filled various other public positions of honor. 
 
 Van Dyke, Joseph Smith, clergyman, author, was born Nov. 
 2, 1832, in Bound Brook, N.J. Since 1869 he has been a presby- 
 terian clergyman, minister at Glassboro, N.J., and the author of 
 Popery the Foe of the Church ; Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic ; 
 Through the Prison to the Throne ; From Gloom to Gladness ; and 
 Theism or Evolution. 
 
 Vann, Irving Goodwin, associate-justice state supreme court 
 of New York, was born Jan. 3, 1842, in Ulysses, N.Y. In 1863 he 
 received his education at the Trumansburg and the Ithaca acade- 
 mies ; graduated from Yale college in 1863 ; and from the Albany 
 law school in 1865. In 1879 he served as mayor of Syracuse ; and 
 in 1882-96 was justice of the supreme court. Since 1896 he has 
 been associate-justice of the state supreme court of appeals of 
 New York for the term of 1896-1910 ; and resides in Syracuse, N.Y. 
 
 Vaughan, Fred W., lawyer, statesman, was born Dec. 9, 1858, 
 in Wyalusing, Pa. He received his education in the common 
 schools, at the Susquehanna Collegiate institute, and at the "Wyo- 
 ming Commercial college. He is a successful lawyer of Fremont, 
 Neb. in 1896 ; secretary of the Sound Money Democratic league of 
 Nebraska, and is a prominent member of various Masonic orders. 
 In 1896 he was a gold delegate to the democratic national con- 
 vention, which delegation was unseated. He was subsequently 
 chosen to a Chicago conference, which resulted in the national 
 convention at Indianapolis, to which he was also a delegate. In 
 1900 he was mayor of Fremont, Neb. ; and is past president of the 
 Nebraska society of the Sons of the American Revolution. 
 
 Veeder, Major Albert, physician, scientist, was born Nov. 10, 
 1848, in Ashtabula, Ohio. In 1870 he graduated from the Union 
 college of Schenectady, N.Y. ; graduated from the medical depart- 
 ment of the university of Buffalo ; and has received the degrees of 
 A.M. and M.D. In 1875-78 he was principal of Ives seminary at 
 Antwerp, N.Y. ; and since 1883 has practiced medicine in Lyons, 
 N.Y. He is a fellow of the American association for the advance- 
 ment of science ; is a member of the public health association and 
 the American microscopical society ; and is also a permanent 
 member of the New York state medical society, and various other 
 associations and scientific societies. He is the author of numerous 
 monographs and papers on public water supply, garbage disposal 
 
384 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and the like ; and has made a study on the relation of pack ice in 
 the great lakes of North America to the glacial period. 
 
 Vehslage, John H. G., soldier, business man, congressman, was 
 born Dec. 20, 1842, in New York city. In 1863 he joined the third 
 cavalry, national guard, state of New York, and was commissioned 
 captain by Governor Seymour in 1864. In 1876 he was appointed 
 inspector of rifle practice with the rank of captain, and continued 
 in service until 1880, when the regiment was mustered out of ser- 
 vice by Governor Cornell ; remained as supernumerary until 1883. 
 He was elected and served as member of assembly from the first 
 assembly district, New York city, in the year 1894; was at the 
 democratic state convention held at Buffalo; was appointed a 
 presidential elector, but resigned on account of receiving the 
 nomination for congress. He was elected to the fifty-fifth con- 
 gress as a democrat ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 Verrill, Addison Emery, educator, author, was born Feb. 9, 
 1839, in Greenwood, Maine. Since 1864 he has been curator of 
 the Yale zoological museum ; and since 1869 has been editor of the 
 American Journal of Science. He is president of the Connecticut 
 academy of arts and sciences ; and has made valuable original in- 
 vestigations in relation to the invertebrata of the entire Atlantic 
 and Pacific coast of North Carolina. He is the author of The 
 Bermuda Islands ; Coral Reefs of the Bermudas ; and other works. 
 
 Viall, George Marcius, state representative of Vermont, was 
 born May 5, 1849, in Dorset, Vt. In 1874 he graduated from the 
 Union university, and has received the degrees of A.B., M.D. and 
 A.M. For many years his duties have been public and in the 
 settlement of estates. He is a bank director and executor and 
 administrator of many estates. In 1882-84 he was a member of 
 the Vermont state senate ; and in 1886-88 and 1904-06 a representa- 
 tive in the Vermont state legislature. He has been town clerk, 
 treasurer and assessor ; and since 1879 has been continuously trus- 
 tee of public moneys. He is a representative in the Vermont state 
 legislature ; and resides in East Dorset, Vt. 
 
 Villers, Thomas Jefferson, clergyman, theologian, was born 
 May 23, 1861, in Centerville, Va. In 1885 he received the degree 
 of B.A. from the university of Rochester; in 1888 graduated from 
 the Rochester theological seminary; and subsequently received 
 the degrees of M.A. and D.D. from the university of Rochester. 
 In 1888-93 he filled a pastorate in Gloucester, Mass.; in 1893-98 
 was pastor of the First Baptist church at Syracuse, N.Y. ; in 1898- 
 1906 was pastor of the First Baptist church at Indianapolis, Ind. ; 
 and since 1906 has been pastor of the Peddie memorial church of 
 Newark, N.J. For five years he was president of the Indiana 
 baptist convention ; is a trustee of the Rochester theological semi- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 385 
 
 nary ; is a trustee of the Peddie institute ; and a member of the 
 board of the American baptist home mission society. 
 
 Visscher, William Lightfoot, author, poet, was born Nov. 25, 
 1842, in Owingsville, Ky. He has written more than a thousand 
 poems and his masterpiece entitled Black Mammy, a song of the 
 sunny south, appeared in book-form in 1886, together with other 
 miscellaneous poems from his pen. He is the author of Carlisle 
 of Colorado ; Way out West ; Peter Vansant ; A Head of Bronze ; 
 Harp of the South ; Blue Grass Ballads ; and Chicago, an Epic. 
 
 Voight, Edward William, brewer, capitalist, was born April 5, 
 1844, in Saxony. He retains the general management of the 
 Voight Brewing company, and is now president of the Michigan 
 Sulphite Fibre company at Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Voliva, Wilbur Glenn, clergyman, over-seer, was born March 
 10, 1870, in Newton, Ind. In 1891 he graduated from the Union 
 christian college of Meron, Ind. ; and received the degree of D.D. 
 In 1889 he was ordained to the ministry of the Christian church 
 and in 1889-93 filled pastorates in Linden, Ind., and Urbana, 111. 
 In 1893-94 he studied theology in Stanfordville, N.Y., and in 1897 
 graduated from Hiram college as B.A. In 1893-94 he supplied a 
 pulpit in the Chestnut street Christian church of Albany, N.Y. ; 
 and in 1897-99 was pastor of the Christian church of Washington 
 court house, Ohio. In 1889 he became a member of the Christian 
 Catholic church ; in 1899 was ordained elder and later became elder 
 in charge of tabernacles in Chicago and Cincinnati. In 1901-06 
 he was over-seer of the Christian Catholic church in Australia; 
 in 1906-07 was assistant of John Alexander Dowie ; when he be- 
 came general over-seer of the Christian Catholic apostolic church 
 in Zion throughout the world. 
 
 Vollmer, John Phillip, president First national bank, was born 
 Jan. 25, 1847, in Germany. He settled in Indiana in his boyhood ; 
 and was educated in Butler university and at Ritcher's school of 
 technology, both of Indianapolis, Ind. He is successfully engaged 
 in banking, merchandising, milling, manufacturing and farming; 
 is president of the First national bank of Lewiston, Idaho; and 
 president of a number of other banks and manufacturing institu- 
 tions and enterprises. He is an independent republican; and 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his 
 state ; and resides in Lewiston, Idaho. 
 
 Von Gottschalck, Oscar Hunt, artist, author, was born Oct. 1, 
 1865, in Providence, R.I. He studied art in Rhode Island and 
 New York. He has exhibited at Chicago and New York; and in 
 1906 and 1907 exhibited at the Salmagundi club of New York and 
 in Chicago, 111. He is the author of Yankee Doodle Gander; 
 
386 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Gnome Man's Land; Lives of the Haunted; and Historical Sense 
 and Nonsense, a serial. 
 
 Von Schierbrand, Wolf, journalist, author, was born Oct. 4, 
 1851, in Dresden, Germany. In 1872 he began educational work 
 in the United States. He is the author of Russia; and America, 
 Asia and the Pacific. 
 
 Wadlin, Horace Greeley, librarian Boston public library, was 
 born Oct. 2, 1851, in "Wakefield, Mass. He was educated in the 
 common and high schools of Reading, Mass, ; and studied architec- 
 ture in Salem and Boston, Mass. In 1875 he began the practice 
 of architecture in Boston, Mass. ; and in 1888 became chief of the 
 Massachusetts bureau of statistics of labor. Since 1903 he has 
 been librarian of the Boston public library. He is the author of 
 Reports on the Statistics of Labor of Massachusetts in 1888-1901, 
 consisting of fourteen volumes; Annual Statistics of Manufact- 
 urers of Massachusetts in 1886-1901, consisting of sixteen volumes ; 
 and The Decennial Census of Massachusetts, in seven volumes. 
 
 Waggener, B. P., state senator of Kansas, was born July 18, 
 1847, in Platte county, Mo. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state ; and soon attained success in the practice of 
 law. For thirty years he has been general-attorney of the Missouri 
 Pacific railway company, which position he still fills. For four 
 years he was mayor of Atchison, Kan. ; and has served with dis- 
 tinction as representative in the Kansas state legislature. He is 
 president of the Exchange national bank of Atchison, Kan. ; and 
 has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is now a 
 member of the Kansas state senate for the second district; and 
 resides in Atchison, Kan. 
 
 Wait, John Cassan, soldier, educator, civil engineer, lawyer, 
 author, was born June 4. 1860, in Norwich, N.Y. He was educated 
 in the common schools and at Norwich academy ; graduated from 
 Cornell university with the degrees of B.C.E. and M.C.E. ; re- 
 ceived the degree of M.S. from Norwich university ; and the degree 
 of LL.B. from Harvard law school. In 1880-85 he filled various 
 engineering positions : and in 1885-94 was professor of mathemat- 
 ics, chemistry, physics, and engineering in Harvard university 
 and other institutions of learning. In 1893-95 he was associate- 
 editor of the Railroad Gazette ; and in 1896-97 was assistant engi- 
 neer of the Erie Canal Improvement. He is the pioneer in that 
 specialty of the law, engineering and architectural jurisprudence, 
 on which subject he has written several books and is an acknowl- 
 edged authority. Since 1897 he has been engaged in the practice 
 of law in New York city; and has been assistant corporation 
 counsel. He is the author of Car Builders' Dictionary; Engineer- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 387 
 
 ing and Architectural Jurisprudence; Law of Contracts; and 
 other works. 
 
 Waite, Herschel Napoleon, physician, surgeon, founder, was 
 born Feb. 13, 1850, in Stowe, Vt. He received his early education 
 in the high school of Stowe, which was followed by a business 
 course in the Bryant and Stratton business college of Burlington, 
 Vt. In 1870-71 he served as salesman, bookkeeper and accountant 
 in Jacksonville, 111., and in St. Louis, Mo. In 1872 he commenced 
 the study of medicine in Louisville, Ky. ; in 1873-75 attended medi- 
 cal lectures in Louisville and St. Louis, and received his degree of 
 M.D. In 1876-79 he served as an expert accountant and adjuster 
 in New York city; and in 1880 established a general mercantile 
 house at Clarion, Iowa. He then attended a course of medical 
 lectures in New York city ; in 1882 graduated from the Eclectic 
 medical college ; and in 1882-89 was engaged in the regular prac- 
 tice of medicine and surgery in New York city. In 1882 he or- 
 ganized and established the Yorkville and Harlam Eclectic dis- 
 pensary. Since 1889 he has practiced his profession in Johnson, 
 Vt. In 1892-96 he was president of the Vermont State Eclectic 
 medical society; and is a member of the leading medical and 
 scientific societies of America. He was the founder in 1895 of 
 The New England Eclectic medical association; and was chosen 
 its president. In 1902 he was a member of the American univer- 
 sity association ; and in 1907 was a member of the International 
 congress on tuberculosis, held in Washington, D.C. He is promi- 
 nent in the Masonic fraternity and other fraternal organizations; 
 and has filled numerous positions of trust and honor. 
 
 Waite, John Leman, editor and publisher of the Burlington 
 Hawk-Eye, was born Aug. 29, 1840, in Ravenna, Ohio. He was 
 telegrapher and superintendent of telegraph in his younger days ; 
 became city editor of the Burlington Hawk-Eye in 1869; later 
 managing editor ; and for the past twenty-two years editor and 
 publisher. He was appointed postmaster of Burlington by Presi- 
 dent Arthur in 1882 and served one term of four years ; and was 
 again appointed postmaster by President McKinley in 1898 and 
 reappointed by President Roosevelt in 1902 and 1906. He has been 
 vice-president of the National association of postmasters ; and has 
 served on several postoffice commissions at Washington, D.C. ; and 
 resides in Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 Waldo, George E., United States congressman from New York, 
 was born Jan. 11, 1851, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He was educated in 
 the public schools and Cornell university. He practiced law in 
 New York city in 1875-83; in 1883-89 in Ulysses, Neb.; and re- 
 turned to New York city in 1889. He is a member of the bar of 
 the Nebraska supreme court, the United States district and circuit 
 
388 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 courts of Nebraska, of the southern and eastern districts of New 
 York, and of the United States supreme court. He was a member 
 of New York assembly in 1896 ; and in 1899-1904 was commissioner 
 of records of Kings county, N.Y. He was a member of the fifty- 
 ninth congress from New York. He was reelected to the sixtieth 
 congress from the fifth district of New York for the term of 1907- 
 09 ; and resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 Walker, Charles L., colonel Illinois national guard. In 1869 
 he graduated from Mount Morris seminary and collegiate insti- 
 tute ; and in 1873 moved to Rock Island, 111. In 1878 he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois ; and became 
 attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad com- 
 pany. In 1899-1901 he was president of the Rock Island public 
 library. In 1901 he was appointed general attorney for the Illinois 
 and Michigan canal by the canal commissioners ; and has con- 
 tinued as such under the administration of Governor Charles S. 
 Deneen. Since 1901 he has been colonel of the New York national 
 guard; and was aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Richard 
 Yates. 
 
 Walker, E. Lawton, state senator of Georgia, was born Aug. 
 18, 1867, in Pierce county, Ga. He was educated at "White Springs, 
 Pla. ; and is a farmer and lawyer by profession. In 1892-95 and in 
 1902-04 he was a representative in the Georgia state legislature. 
 In 1893-94 he was a member of the town council of Blackshear, 
 Ga., and has been a member of the Pierce county democratic ex- 
 ecutive committee. He is a member of the Georgia state senate 
 from the third district ; and resides in Blackshear, Ga. 
 
 Walker, Harriet (*., reformer, philanthropist, was born Sept. 
 10. 1841, in Brunswick, Ohio. More than twenty years ago she 
 turned her attention to charitable work, and is to-day associated 
 with many of the charities of Minneapolis, Minn. For twenty 
 years she has been secretary of the reformatory for women called 
 the Bethany Home. She is president of the Northwestern hospital 
 for women and children; and is national vice-president and state 
 president in the Non-Partisan Woman's Christian Temperance 
 union. She is chairman of the police matron joint committee ; and 
 in 1892 was elected to the presidency of the woman's council, 
 which is a delegate association representing all the organized 
 woman's work of Minneapolis. 
 
 Walker, James Baynes, physician, surgeon, was born Dec. 15, 
 1846, in Montgomery county, Pa. He was educated at the Friends' 
 central school ; and in 1872 graduated from the university of Penn- 
 sylvania. Is a member of the board of Penna. state medical ex- 
 aminers. Took degree of Ph.D. at university of Pennsylvania. 
 Member Union league of Philadelphia. In 1879-90 he was professor 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 389 
 
 of the practice of medicine at the Woman's medical college of 
 Pennsylvania. In 1884-95 he was presidenl of the Northern medi- 
 cal association; in 1894 was also president of the American Clima- 
 tological association; and is a member of the leading medical and 
 scientific associations of America. For seventeen years he was 
 visiting physician to the Philadelphia hospital; for eleven years 
 to the Woman's hospital; and is now visiting physician to the West 
 Philadelphia hospital for women and children. 
 
 Walker, Piatt Dickinson, associate-justice state supreme court 
 of North Carolina, was born Oct. 25, 1849, in Wilmington, N.C. 
 He was educated at the university of North Carolina and the uni- 
 versity of Virginia, and has received the degrees of LL.B. and 
 LL.D, In 1870 he began the practice of law in Rockingham, N.C. ; 
 and from 1876 in Charlotte, N.C. In 1874-75 he was a member of 
 the North Carolina state legislature ; and in 1899 was vice-presi- 
 dent of the North Carolina bar association. Since 1902 he has 
 been associate-justice of the state supreme court of North Carolina, 
 and is now serving the term of 1902-10; and resides in Charlotte. 
 N.C. 
 
 Walker, Thomas Barlow, president board of directors Minne- 
 apolis public library, was born Feb. 1, 1840 in Xenia, Ohio. He 
 taught school for a while ; and later was a traveling salesman. In 
 1862 he went to Minneapolis; and was engaged on government 
 surveys; and later on the survey for the cities of St. Paul and 
 Duluth, Minn. He has large lumber, pine land and building in- 
 terests in Minnesota and on the Pacific coast; and was the pro- 
 jector and builder of St. Louis Park, a suburb of Minneapolis. 
 Through his instrumentality the old Athaenaeum library associa- 
 tion was developed into the Minneapolis public library. He owns 
 large private gallery of fine paintings by the best masters, ancient 
 and modern; is a member of the National arts society; and presi- 
 dent of the Minneapolis fine art society. He was the originator 
 of the business men 's union ; is an ardent patron of the Young 
 Men's Christian association; and with his wife, Mrs. Harriet G. 
 Walker, has dealt generously for the uplifting of the fallen and 
 the needy. He is president of the board of directors of the Minne- 
 apolis public library ; and resides in Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Wall, Joseph B., judge sixth judicial circuit of Florida, was 
 born Jan. 23, 1847, in Hernando county, Fla. He was educated 
 in the public schools ; and at the university of Florida. He attained 
 success at the bar of Florida ; and is a prominent member of the 
 democratic party. He served with distinction as a member of the 
 Florida state senate. He served two terms as states attorney of 
 the sixth circuit of Florida and has filled various positions of 
 trust and honor. He is judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Flor- 
 
390 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ida; is now serving his second term of 1899-1911; and resides in 
 Tampa, Fla. 
 
 Wallace, James Goodwin, surgeon, lawyer, was born June 24, 
 1836, in South Carolina. He was educated in the Furman univer- 
 sity of South Carolina, and attended the national medical college 
 of Washington, D.C. During the Civil war he was field surgeon 
 in the confederate army. He is surgeon of the F.C. and P.R.R. 
 Tampa division, and has performed more critical, extensive and 
 successful surgical operations than any other surgeon in the state 
 of Florida. He resides in Dade City; has been secretary and 
 treasurer of the medical association of Pasco county, Fla.; and 
 chairman of the board of county commissioners. He stands high 
 in Masonry ; is a noted lawyer, and resides in Norristown, Pa. 
 
 Walsh, James F., state treasurer of Connecticut, was born 
 March 15, 1864, in Lewisboro, N.Y. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Ridgefield, Conn. He took up the practice of law ; 
 and in 1890-1905 was prosecuting attorney of Greenwich, Conn. 
 In 1901-02 he was a representative in the Connecticut state legis- 
 lature ; in 1903-04 was a member of the state senate ; and in 1905 
 became judge of the criminal court of common pleas for Fairfield 
 county, Conn. He is treasurer of the state of Connecticut; and 
 resides in Greenwich, Conn. 
 
 Walworth, Warren F., soldier, manufacturer, banker, railroad 
 president, was born Aug. 21, 1838, in Jefferson county, N.Y. He 
 has been school superintendent; and was an officer of the union 
 army. He has been a member of the city council of Cleveland, 
 Ohio ; and a member of the board of education. In 1894 he be- 
 came president of the York Southern railroad at Cleveland, Ohio ; 
 is president of a banking company ; and director and treasurer of 
 Chautauqua educational institution; and resides in Cleveland, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Wanner, Peter D., lawyer, business president, was born Dec. 
 1, 1840, in Kutztown, Pa. In 1857-58 he taught school; and in 
 1859 he entered Union seminary of New Berlin, Pa. ; and in 1860 
 became a student and teacher in Fairview seminary of Kutztown ; 
 and in 1862 entered Franklin and Marshall college of Lancaster, 
 and graduated in 1865. Since then he has practiced law in Read- 
 ing, Pa. ; in 1871 was elected district attorney for Berks county ; 
 and after the expiration of his term he became county solicitor. 
 In 1878 he was a candidate for congress as a democrat. For many 
 years he was a president for several iron and quite a few water 
 companies; but since 1902 has devoted himself entirely to law 
 practice. 
 
 Ward, David L., state senator of North Carolina, was born 
 Oct. 24, 1860, near Stantonsburg, Green county, N.C. He was edu- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 391 
 
 eated at Wake Forest college of North Carolina; and soon at- 
 tained success in the practice of law at New Bern, N.C. For six 
 years he was county attorney ; and is now aide-de-camp to Gover- 
 nor Glenn, with rank of colonel. He is a member of the North 
 Carolina state senate for the eighth district for the term of 1905- 
 07 ; and resides in New Bern, N.C. 
 
 Ward, Mary Snedekor, musician, author, was born in Troy, 
 N.Y. She graduated from the Troy Female college, and afterward 
 received instruction in the languages under private tutors; and 
 received her musical instruction from eminent professors. She 
 is prominent in various societies; has been vice-president of the 
 Domestic Training association of Orange, N.J. ; and manager of 
 the Orange Woman's exchange; and was one of the organizers 
 of the Daughters of the Revolution in New Jersey, and was its 
 first state secretary. She was on the educational committee of 
 Essex county for woman's work at the World's Columbian expo- 
 sition. She has visited every capital city in Europe ; has been a 
 correspondent for the metropolitan press, and is the author of 
 interesting Sketches of Egypt and Random Leaves of European 
 Travel. 
 
 Ward, William Lukens, manufacturer, congressman, was born 
 Sept. 2, 1856, in Greenwich, Conn. He was elected to congress 
 and also as elector at the same election ; and in 1897-99 was a rep- 
 resentative from New York to the fifty- tifth congress as a re- 
 publican. 
 
 Ware, Mary, poet, was born in April, 1828, in Madisonville, 
 Tenn. She was the daughter of George Harris, a noted southern 
 lawyer. Mrs. Ware has for nearly half a century contributed to 
 the periodical press, and her poems appear in Poets of America, 
 and other standard collections. She is a popular poet of Alabama, 
 and prominent in various women's societies of Birmingham, and 
 the state of Alabama. 
 
 Warner, Adoniram Judson, soldier, merchant, congressman, au- 
 thor, was born Jan. 13, 1834, in Wales, N.Y. He was educated at 
 Beloit, Wis. ; and New York central college. He was principal of 
 the Lewistown academy and superintendent of public schools of 
 Mifflin county, and principal of Mercer union schools, Pennsyl- 
 vania, from 1856 to 1861. He entered the army as captain in a 
 Pennsylvania regiment in 1861, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel 
 and colonel and brevetted brigadier-general. He served through 
 the war, participating in various battles, and was severely 
 wounded at Antietam. He studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1865, but engaged in other business. He was elected to the 
 forty-sixth and forty-eighth congresses, and was re-elected to the 
 forty-ninth congress as a democrat. He is a successful dealer in 
 
392 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 railroad coal and iron; is president of the Bimetallic union from 
 its formation; and in addition to economic questions he has been 
 a student of geology, archaeology and kindred subjects. He is 
 the author of Appreciation of Money; and Source of Value in 
 Money ; and resides in Marietta, Ohio. 
 
 Warnock, William R., soldier, lawyer, state senator, jurist, 
 congressman, was born Aug. 29, 1838, in Urbana, Ohio. He was 
 educated at the Ohio Wesleyan university. During the civil war 
 he was brevet lieutenant-colonel. For four years he was prose- 
 cuting attorney of his county; in 1876-77 was a state senator in 
 the Ohio legislature; and for ten years was judge of court of 
 common pleas. In 1901-05 he was a member of the fifty-seventh 
 and fifty-eighth congresses from Ohio ; and served on several im- 
 portant committees. He is United States pension agent at the 
 Columbus, Ohio pension agency for the term of 1906-10 ; and re- 
 sides in Urbana, Ohio. 
 
 Warren, Francis Emory, United States senator from Wyoming, 
 was born June 20, 1844, in Hinsdale, Mass. He received an aca- 
 demic education. He enlisted in 1862 in the forty-ninth Massachu- 
 setts regiment, and served as a private and non-commissioned 
 officer in that regiment till it was mustered out of the service ; was 
 afterward captain in the Massachusetts militia ; and was awarded 
 a medal of honor for exceptional gallantry in action before Port 
 Hudson. He was engaged in farming and stock raising in Massa- 
 chusetts till early in 1868, when he removed to Wyoming, then a 
 part of Dakota. He is engaged in mercantile, live-stock, and 
 lighting business ; was president of the council of Wyoming legis- 
 lature in 1873 ; and a member of the council in 1884 ; and in 1888 
 was a delegate to the national republican convention. He was 
 mayor of Cheyenne, and served three terms as treasurer of Wyom- 
 ing. He was appointed governor of Wyoming by President 
 Arthur ; and was again appointed governor of Wyoming by Presi- 
 dent Harrison and served till the territory was admitted as a 
 state, when he was elected governor. In 1890-93 and since 1895 he 
 has been a member of the United States senate, and is now serving 
 the term of 1901-07 ; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 Warren, George W., educator, was born July 8, 1851, in Water- 
 town, N.Y. He has attained success in educational work ; has been 
 principal of public schools in Michigan and California ; and is now 
 city superintendent of schools in Eureka, Cal. 
 
 Warren, Henry White, bishop, author, was born Jan. 4, 1831, 
 in Williamsburg, Mass. He is a methodist bishop living in Den- 
 ver, Col. He is the author of The Bible in the World's Education; 
 Lectures on the English Bible ; Sights and Insights, or Knowledge 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 393 
 
 by Travel; Studies of the Stars; Recreations in Astronomy, and 
 Among the Forces. 
 
 Warren, John Collins, physician, educator, author, was born 
 May 4, 1842, in Boston, J\lass. He is emeritus professor of sur- 
 gery at Harvard university from 1906; and the author of The 
 Anatomy and Development of Rodent Ulcer; Pathology of Car- 
 buncle and Columnal Adipose; The Healing of Arteries after 
 Ligature in Men and Animals ; and Surgical Pathology and Thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 Washburn, William Drew, surveyor, manufacturer, congress- 
 man, United States senator, was born Jan. 14, 1831, in Livermore, 
 Maine. He was appointed surveyor-general of Minnesota by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln in 1861, and held the office for four years. He has 
 been actively engaged in various manufacturing industries in the 
 city of Minneapolis since that time ; was a director and large 
 owner of the Minneapolis AVater Power company; was the pro- 
 jector and afterwards president of the Minneapolis and St. Louis 
 railroad; and organized and built the Sault line of railway from 
 Minneapolis to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., of which he was the chief 
 projector, and remained president until his election to the United 
 States senate in 1889. He was elected to the legislature in 1858 
 and 1871 ; and in 1879-85 he was a representative to the forty- 
 sixth, forty-seventh, and forty-eighth congresses ; and was elected 
 to the United States senate as a republican, and served in 1889-95. 
 
 Washburn, William D., Jr., state representative of Minnesota, 
 was born April 3, 1863, in St. Paul, Minn. He received a thorough 
 education; and in 1888 graduated from Yale university. In 1900- 
 01 he was associate-editor of the Minneapolis Tribune ; and now 
 devotes his time to the lands and investments business in Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. In 1900-02 he was a representative in the Minnesota 
 state legislature; and was again a representative in the Minnesota 
 state legislature for the term of 1905-07 ; and resides in Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. 
 
 Washington, Joseph Edwin, lawyer, state legislator, congress- 
 man, was born Nov. 10, 1851, in AYessington, Tenn. He is a 
 descendant of the Virginia AVashingtons of Surrey and South- 
 ampton counties. In 1876 he was elected a member of the Ten- 
 nessee house of representatives ; and in 1880 was the democratic 
 elector on the Hancock and English ticket. In 1886 he was elected 
 a representative from his native county to the fiftieth congress as 
 a democrat; and was re-elected successively to the fifty-first, fifty- 
 second, fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses. Having been a 
 consistent sound money democrat, he declined to be a candidate 
 for re-election after the adoption of the Chicago democratic plat- 
 
394 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 form. He is now engaged in agricultural pursuits ; and resides in 
 Wessington, Term. 
 
 Watson, Henry Winfield, lawyer, railroad president, was born 
 June 24, 1856, in Bucks county, Pa. He was educated in private 
 schools of Philadelphia, Pa. ; read law with F. Carroll Brewster ; 
 and in 1881 was admitted to the bar. He served several times as 
 national state and congressional delegate to republican conven- 
 tions, and has filled various positions of honor. In 1895-98 he 
 was president of the Newton, Langhorne and Bristol street railway 
 company ; and for a number of years was president of the Lang- 
 horne Library association. In 1900 he was appointed receiver of 
 the Washington and Potomac railroad company. He is now presi- 
 dent of the Washington, Potomac and Chesapeake railroad com- 
 pany ; director of the Bucks County Trust company ; president of 
 the People's national bank of Langhorne; director of the Phila- 
 delphia company for mortgages; and a prominent factor in the 
 business and public affairs of his state. 
 
 Watson, James E., United States congressman from Indiana, 
 was born Nov. 2, 1864, in Winchester, Ind. He is a noted lawyer 
 of Rushville, lnd. He was president of the state Epworth league 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1892-93. He was a member 
 of the fifty-fourth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth and 
 fifty-ninth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixtieth congress from the sixth district of Indiana for the term 
 of 1907-09 ; and resides in Rushville, Ind. 
 
 Watt, David Alexander, civil engineer, author, was born Dec. 
 27, 1865, in Maidstone, England. He has been engaged principally 
 on the design and construction of locks and dams and other river 
 improvements in the Ohio valley and elsewhere as United States 
 assistant engineer. 
 
 Weadock, Thomas A. E., lawyer, congressman, was born Jan. 
 1, 1850, in Ireland. In 1877 he was appointed prosecuting attorney 
 of Bay county, and served till 1879. He was mayor of Bay City 
 from 1883 to 1885 ; and was a member of the board of education 
 of Bay City for a short time. He was elected to the fifty-second 
 and fifty-third congresses as a democrat. He now practices law 
 in Detroit, Mich. His son, Thomas J. Weadock, practices with 
 him ; and resides in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Weaver, James B., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born June 
 12, 1833, in Dayton, Ohio. He entered the union army in 1861 as 
 a private, and rose to the rank of colonel and brevet brigadier- 
 general. He was elected district attorney of the second judicial 
 district of Iowa in 1866 ; and was appointed assessor of internal 
 revenue in 1867. In 1879-81 and 1885-87 he was a representative 
 from Iowa to the forty-sixth, forty-ninth and fiftieth congresses. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 395 
 
 In 1880 he was the candidate of the national party for the presi- 
 dency of the United States; and in 1892 was again a candidate 
 of the populist party for the presidency of the United States. 
 
 Weaver, James Riley, soldier, educator, diplomat, was born 
 Oct. 21, 1839, in Youngstown, Pa. He received a thorough edu- 
 cation in the Normal school academy, and Allegheny college, from 
 which latter institution he received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. ; 
 and in 1866 was given the degree of S.T.B. by the Garrett Biblical 
 institute of Evanston, 111. During the civil war he served in the 
 union army as lieutenant in company C, eighteenth regiment Penn- 
 sylvania cavalry; was made a prisoner of war; was confined in 
 Libby prison and other prisons for nearly two years; and was 
 brevetted lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. In 1869-70 he was con- 
 sul in Italy; in 1870-79 consul at Antwerp, Belgium; and consul- 
 general at Vienna, Austria, during 1879-85. He was professor of 
 mathematics and military science during 1866-69 in the West Vir- 
 ginia university; and since 1885 has been in succession professor 
 of modern languages, history and political philosophy, and politi- 
 cal science in the De Pauw university of Greencastle, Ind. He 
 has written and lectured extensively on economic, political and 
 social subjects. He is the author of Syllabuses on Constitutional 
 History; Economics and Banking; International Law; Sociology 
 and Its Application; Socialism and Social Reform; and other 
 works ; and resides in Greencastle, Ind. 
 
 Webber, Wilber Hoag, postmaster Lampasas, Tex., was born 
 Oct. 3, 1838, near Fowlerville, N.Y. He received his education in 
 the public schools of New York and Michigan. In 1861-64 he 
 served in the civil war in the sixth regiment Michigan infantry. 
 In 1866-83 he lived in Louisiana ; and since 1883 in Lampasas, Tex. 
 For thirty-five years he has written for the press, including the 
 Philadelphia Times, New York Tribune, Chicago Ledger, Globe- 
 Democrat of St. Louis ; and under contract for several years wrote 
 short stories of the war for the Chicago Newspaper union. He 
 has been principally engaged in the carpenter and builder's trade ; 
 and is now serving his third term as postmaster of Lampasas, Tex. 
 
 Weisse, Faneuil Dunkin, physician, founder, author, was born 
 Aug. 27, 1842, in Watertown, Mass. In 1864 he graduated from 
 the medical department of the university City of New York. In 
 1865-74 he was professor and surgeon of pathology and in 1876-88 
 was professor of practical and surgical anatomy in the medical de- 
 partment of the university City of New York. Since 1865 he has 
 also been professor of anatomy, surgical pathology and oral sur- 
 gery in the New York college of dentistry; and since 1897 has 
 been its dean. He was the founder of the New York dermatologi- 
 cal society. He is the author of Practical Human Anatomy. 
 
396 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Wellington, George L., congressman, United States senator, was 
 born Jan. 28, 1852, in Cumberland, Md. He was appointed treas- 
 urer of Allegany county, Md., in 1882, and served until 1888 ; and 
 was again appointed in 1890. He was a delegate to the national 
 republican conventions of 1884 and 1888. He was appointed 
 assistant treasurer of the United States at Baltimore in 1890 ; and 
 was nominated for congress by the republicans of the sixth con- 
 gressional district in 1892. He was renominated in 1894 and 
 elected to the fifty-fourth congress ; and was elected to the United 
 States senate. 
 
 Wentworth, George Albert, author, educator, was born July 
 31, 1835, in Wakefield, N.H. He was fitted for college at the 
 Philips Exeter academy, and in 1858 graduated from Harvard 
 college. For thirty-three years he was professor of mathematics 
 in the Philips Exeter academy, resigning that position in 1891. 
 He is best known as the author of a series of text books in mathe- 
 matics, which are used in the public schools and colleges of every 
 state and territory of the United States ; and are also extensively 
 used in Japan, British India, Canada and other countries where 
 the English language is taught. 
 
 Westhafer, Francis M., surveyor, educator, clergyman, was 
 born Jan. 12, 1850, in Tracy, Ohio. He received an academic edu- 
 cation, and took special work in an Illinois normal and the Moore 's 
 Hill college. He has been a surveyor, county school superinten- 
 dent and a professor in the Moore 's Hill college. He has attained 
 eminence as a successful clergyman of the methodist episcopal 
 church in the Indiana conference. He has contributed extensively 
 to current publications on educational and religious topics. 
 
 Wetmore, George Peabody, United States senator from Rhode 
 Island, was born Aug. 2, 1846, in London, England. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of Rhode Island and of New York in 1869 ; is a 
 trustee of the Peabody museum of natural history in Yale uni- 
 versity; is a trustee of the Peabody education fund, president of 
 the Newport hospital, and a director of other associations. He 
 was first presidential elector of Rhode Island in 1880 and in 1884; 
 was a member of the state committee to receive the representatives 
 of France on the occasion of their visit to Rhode Island in 1881, 
 and as a member of the commission to build a new state house. 
 He was governor of Rhode Island in 1885-86, and 1886-87. He 
 was elected to the senate in 1894. He was re-elected to the United 
 States senate ; and resides in Newport, R.I. 
 
 Wever, John Madison, soldier, banker, congressman, was born 
 Feb. 24, 1847, in Ganges, Mich. He served in the army of the 
 Cumberland and the army of the Ohio. At the close of the civil 
 war he located in New York state ; and entered into the banking 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 397 
 
 business, in which business he has since continued. He was elected 
 county treasurer of Clinton county in 1884 and re-elected in 1887. 
 In 1891-95 he was a representative to the fifty-second and fifty- 
 third congresses as a republican. He is now president of the 
 Merchants national bank of Plattsburg, N.Y. 
 
 Wheaton, Charles, lawyer, legislator, was born May 29, 1829, 
 in Warren, R.I. He received his education in the academies, and 
 afterward attended Trinity college of Hartford, Conn., from 
 which institution he graduated in 1849. In 1864 he served with 
 distinction as mayor of the city of Aurora, 111. ; and during 1868-72 
 was supervisor of that city. In 1869-70 he was a member of the 
 constitutional convention of Illinois ; has taken a prominent part 
 in the public affairs of his city, county and state, and has gained 
 prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of Illinois. 
 
 Wheeler, John Wilson, manufacturer, banker, founder, was 
 born Nov. 20, 1832, in Orange, Mass. He learned the carpenters' 
 trade ; and in 1856 entered the general store of Daniel Pomeroy 
 of Orange, Mass. ; and three years later he became proprietor. In 
 1867 he became connected with the business of manufacturing 
 sewing machines ; and in 1869 the name of the corporation be- 
 came the Gold Medal sewing machine company ; of which he was 
 secretary and treasurer. Since 1882 the name of this corporation 
 has been known as the New Home sewing machine company of 
 Orange, Mass. ; he was its vice-president, secretary and treasurer 
 until 1898, when he was appointed president. He is president of 
 the Orange national bank ; is president of the Leavett machine 
 company ; and for many years was president of the Orange board 
 of trade. 
 
 Whistler, Garland Nelson, lieutenant-enlonel United States 
 army, was born Aug. 10, 1847, in Schenectady, N.Y. He was 
 educated at College Hill, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ; and is the son of 
 General J. N. G. Whistler of the United States army. In 1867 he 
 became second lieutenant in the fifth artillery: and in 1874 became 
 first lieutenant. In 1898 he was made captain of the first artillery ; 
 transferred to the fifth artillery the same year; served in the 
 Spanish-American war. and attained the rank of major. In 1901 
 he was transferred to the artillery corps ; became lieutenant- 
 colonel ; and commanded the artillery district of New London. 
 In 1907 he was promoted to colonel in the coast artillery in the 
 United States army; and is in command of the eastern artillery 
 district of New York ; and is commandant of the School of Sub- 
 marine Defense at Port Paten, N.Y. 
 
 Whiting, Vinson M., educator, lawyer, stockman, statesman, 
 was born Aug. 12, 1855, in Red Boiling Springs, Tenn. He 
 taught school for ten years in 1873-83 ; and in 1883-87 was in the 
 
398 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 circuit court clerk's office of Macon county, Tenn. Since 1886 
 he has been engaged in the practice of law in Red Boiling 
 Springs, Tenn; in 1893 he was a representative in the Tennessee 
 state legislature ; and has held various other positions of trust 
 and honor. 
 
 Whitaker, Herbert C, educator, mathematician, inventor, au- 
 thor, was born Oct. 31, 1862, at Cape May, N.J. Since 1888 he 
 has been professor of mathematics at the Central manual train- 
 ing high school of Philadelphia, Pa. He is the author of Text- 
 book on Trigonometry; and of numerous magazine articles on 
 economics, astronomy and mathematics. 
 
 White, Henry Kirk, lawyer, was born Feb. 14, 1865, in Afton, 
 Va., in sight of Stratford, the home of the Lees, and not far 
 from Wakefield, the birthplace of Washington. He received a 
 thorough education in the university of Texas, and in 1887 com- 
 menced the practice of law in Birmingham, Ala., and has since 
 attained prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of the south. 
 
 White, Israel Charles, geologist, author, was born Nov. 1, 1848, 
 in Monongalia county, W.Va. He was called to the chair of 
 geology in the West Virginia university in 1877. He was the 
 first to apply the anticlinal idea to the successful location of nat- 
 ural gas and oil wells, and announced his theory in 1885. He is 
 also the author of nine volumes of the reports of the geological 
 survey of Pennsylvania. 
 
 White, John Blake, physician, author, was born Oct. 9, 1850, 
 in Charleston, S.C. For eight years he was sanitary inspector; 
 for fourteen years visiting physician to the New York charity 
 hospital; and a lecturer to the post-graduate medical college. 
 He is the author of numerous medical and surgical papers. 
 
 White, John C, lawyer, was born Dec. 3, 1845, in Madison 
 county, Fla. He has attained success at the bar of Florida at 
 Tampa. His father was Stephen R. White, the first sheriff of 
 Taylor county, Fla. ; and was a member of the Florida state leg- 
 islature in 1860. 
 
 White, John Staples, lawyer, lecturer, author, was born Oct. 
 27, 1838, in Portland, Maine. He is the author of Humanics, 
 a philosophical and conservative criticism on men and manners; 
 and much other literary matter — social, political and religious. 
 A lawyer by profession, he has attained a wide reputation as an 
 able and progressive writer and thinker. 
 
 White, John Williams, educator, author, was born March 5, 
 1849, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was a professor of Greek at Har- 
 vard university from 1877; and the author of Greek and Latin 
 at Sight; First Lessons in Greek; The Beginner's Greek Book; 
 and An Illustrated Dictionary to Xenophon's Anabasis. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 399 
 
 White, William J., agriculturist, banker, manufacturer, con- 
 gressman, was born Oct. 7, 1850, in Canada. He owns large 
 vessel interests, and is interested largely in banking, farming, 
 stock-raising and various other business enterprises. He was 
 elected mayor of West Cleveland as a republican in 1889 ; and was 
 elected to the fifty-third congress as a republican; and resides 
 in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Whitelock, William Wallace, litterateur, author, was born 
 April 1, 1869, in Mount Pleasant, Wash. He was chief yeoman 
 on board the Gloucester during the Spanish-American war. He 
 is the author of W T hen the Heart is Young; The Literary Guil- 
 lotine ; Just Love Songs ; Foregone Verses ; and When Kings Go 
 Forth to Battle. 
 
 Whitney, Mary Watson, astronomer, was born Sept. 11, 1847, 
 in Waltham, Mass. In 1868 she graduated from Vassar college: 
 received the degree of A.M. from that institution: and in 1874-76 
 studied at the university of Zurich. In 1881 she became as- 
 sistant to Professor Maria Mitchell ; and since 1889 has been pro- 
 fessor of astronomy and director of the observatory at Vassar 
 college. She is the author of numerous monographs and articles 
 in astronomical journals and other publications. 
 
 Whitney, Milton Burrall, lawyer, legislator, was born Oct. 6, 
 1825, in Granville, Mass. He received the rudiments of his 
 education in the public schools of his native city; was fitted for 
 college, with Rev. Dr. Timothy M. Cooley; graduated from Wil- 
 liams college in 1849; and admitted to the bar at Springfield, 
 Mass., in 1853. In 1862-63 he served as Massachusetts state sen- 
 ator from western Hampden district, serving on several import- 
 ant committees. In 1868 he was presidential elector; in 1880 was 
 a delegate to the republican national convention ; and during 
 1881-97 was a member of the Massachusetts state board of edu- 
 cation. He is one of the foremost lawyers of New England ; and 
 resides in Westfield, Mass. 
 
 Whittemore, Henry C, member board of trustees state home 
 for juvenile offenders of Illinois, was born Oct. 31, 1841, in Au- 
 burn, N.Y. He was educated in the public and private schools 
 of Sycamore, 111. He is a successful hardware merchant and 
 business man of Sycamore, 111. ; and prominently identified with 
 the business and public affairs of that city. He has been super- 
 visor of Sycamore township ; was a representative in the thirty- 
 fourth general assembly of the Illinois state legislature ; and has 
 filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a member 
 of the board of trustees of the state home for juvenile offenders 
 of Illinois; and resides in Sycamore, 111. 
 
400 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Wickham, Charles Preston, soldier, lawyer, jurist, congress- 
 man, was born Sept. 15, 1836, in Norwalk, Ohio. He enlisted 
 as a private in company D, fifty-fifth regiment Ohio volunteers ; 
 and was promoted to first lieutenant, captain, major and lieu- 
 tenant-colonel. While a major he was commissioned lieutenant- 
 colonel by brevet, by the president, for gallant and meritorious 
 services in Georgia and the Carolinas. He resumed the prac- 
 tice of law in Norwalk ; was elected prosecuting attorney in 1866 
 and reelected in 1868. He was elected judge of the court of 
 common pleas of the fourth judicial district in 1880, and re- 
 elected in 1885 as a republican. In 1887-91 he was a represen- 
 tative to the fiftieth and fifty-first congresses as a republican. 
 
 Wickersham, William Howard, state representative of Cali- 
 fornia, was born Nov. 21, 1872, in Media, Pa. He received a thor- 
 ough education in the public schools of Los Angeles, Cal. ; and also 
 studied under private tutors. He is manager of The Morgan 
 Oyster company of San Pedro, Cal. ; and prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of that city. He has been 
 school trustee for the city of San Pedro ; and has filled various 
 other positions of trust and honor. He is a representative in the 
 California state legislature ; and resides in San Pedro, Cal. 
 
 Wickham, Henry Taylor, lawyer, state senator, was born Dec. 
 17, 1849, in Hickory Hill, Va. Since 1870 he has practiced law 
 in Richmond, Va. ; and has been attorney, counselor and receiver 
 for several corporations. In 1888 he became a member of the 
 Virginia state senate ; and in 1890 was a mover of the state resolu- 
 tion under which the Virginia state debt was settled on the pres- 
 ent basis. He is one of the most extensive farmers in Virginia. 
 
 Widener, Howard H., educator, lawyer, public official, was 
 born May 6, 1860, in Chili, N.Y. In 1879 he graduated from the 
 Chili seminary, and for four years was engaged in educational 
 work. In 1885 he was admitted to the bar and has attained 
 prominence as an able lawyer at Rochester, N.Y. For ten years 
 he has been first assistant district attorney of Monroe county 
 and has represented the people in many important criminal eases 
 on trial and in the higher courts. He practices generally in all 
 the state courts. He has always taken an active interest in 
 polities, and is connected with various associations and business 
 enterprises; and resides in Rochester, N.Y. 
 
 Wilbur, Curtis D., lawyer, jurist, was born May 10, 1867, in 
 Boonesboro, Iowa. He was educated at the United States naval 
 academy; and in 1888 graduated from that institution. He has 
 been chief deputy and district attorney of Los Angeles county, 
 Cal. ; and judge, juvenile court department, of the superior court. 
 Since 1903 he has been judge of the superior court of California ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 401 
 
 is now serving his term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 Wildman, Edwin, journalist, diplomat, author, was born May 
 9, 1867, in Corning, N.Y. In 1897 he was vice and deputy consul 
 general at Hongkong, China. In 1898-1909 he was special war 
 correspondent in the Philippines ; and in 1900-01 was special war 
 correspondent in China for the Hearst newspaper; and later 
 for the New York World and the Outing Magazine. He is the 
 author of Aguinaldo, a Narrative of Fillipino Ambitions. 
 
 Willard, Julius Terrass, chemist, scientist, was born April 9, 
 1862, in Wabaunsee, Kan. Since 1901 he has been professor of 
 chemistry in the Kansas state agricultural college ; and is a vice- 
 director and chemist of the agricultural experiment station of 
 that institution. He is the author of numerous bulletin books and 
 pamphlets for class use. 
 
 Willcox, William R., postmaster of New York city, was born 
 in 1863 in Smyrna, Chenango county, N.Y. He was educated at the 
 state normal school at Brockport. N.Y. ; and at the university of 
 Rochester. He is a lawyer by profession; and in 1901-03 was 
 president of the park board of New York city. Since 1905 he has 
 been postmaster of New York city: and resides in New York 
 city. 
 
 Williams, Allie Walter, assistant surgeon United States army, 
 was born -Tan. 28, 1872, in Columbus, Ga. He received his medical 
 education at the Bellevue hospital medical college: and soon 
 attained success in the practice of medicine. In 1898-1901 he 
 was aetinsr assistant sursreon in the United States army; since 
 1901 he has hoen assistant sursreon in the United States army; 
 and is now stationed at Manila, P.T. 
 
 Williams, Charles Lewis, banker, was born April 4, 1869, in 
 Cnrrollton, HI. He was educated in the public and private 
 schools of Illinois. For many years he has been identified with 
 business and financial affairs: has been ens-aged in all branehes of 
 banking: and now is identified with the business and public affairs 
 of San Dieso, Cal. For several vears he was connected with the 
 "Rank of commerce of San Diego. Cal.. is now eashier of the 
 American National bank of that city : and filled various other po- 
 sitions of trust and honor. 
 
 Williams. Constant, bris-adier-freneral United States army, 
 was born in 1843 in Pennsvlvania. In 1861-62 he served in the 
 eivil war in the Pennsylvania volunteers: and in 1863 enlisted in 
 the reernlar armv. He was appointed seeoud lieutenant in the 
 soventh United States infantry: and in 1864 was made first lieu- 
 tenant. Tn 1873 he became captain: in 1897 was promoted to ma- 
 jor; in 1899 became lieutenant-colonel of the fifteenth infantry; 
 
402 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1901 was promoted to colonel of the twenty-sixth infantry. 
 In 1877 he received the brevet of major for gallant service in 
 action against the Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, where he 
 was twice wounded. In 1904 he was promoted to brigadier-gen- 
 eral in the United States army ; and is stationed at Denver, Colo., 
 commanding the department of the Colorado. 
 
 Williams, Oscar Waldo, lawyer, jurist, historian, was born 
 March 17, 1853, in Mt. Vernon, Ky. In 1876 he graduated from 
 the law school of Harvard university ; and has since attained 
 prominence at the bar in Texas at Fort Stockton. For ten 
 years he has been county judge of Pecos county, Texas; and has 
 filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. He is in- 
 terested in early Texas history and is a fellow of the Texas his- 
 torical association. 
 
 Williams, Robert Willoughby, lawyer, public official, was born 
 Feb. 21, 1845, in Tallahassee, Fla. He received his education at 
 the university of North Carolina, and has attained success as one 
 of the foremost lawyers of the south in Tallahassee, the city of 
 his nativity. He has filled various civil and military offices with 
 distinction, and is now commissioner on uniform state laws for 
 the state of Florida, and a member of the congress of state 
 commissioners. 
 
 Williams, Roger Butler, manufacturer, banker, was born May 
 8, 1848, in Ithaca, N.Y. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the public schools of his native city, and in 1868 graduated 
 from Yale college. He is the senior member of Williams Brothers, 
 successful manufacturers of agricultural implements and ma- 
 chinery of Ithaca, N.Y. He has been cashier of the Merchants' 
 and Farmers' National bank of Ithaca; president of the Ithaca 
 Savings bank ; president of the board of education ; chairman of 
 the board of sewer commissioners ; besides filling various other 
 public positions of honor with distinction. He takes an active 
 part in the political affairs of his city, county and state, and is 
 prominent in several fraternal orders. 
 
 Willis, Henry Augustus, soldier, banker, was born Nov. 26, 
 1830, in Fitchburg, Mass. In 1862-63 he served in the civil war 
 as adjunct of the fifty-third regiment Massachusetts volunteer 
 infantry. Since 1873 he has been president of the Rollstone bank 
 of Fitchburg, Mass. He is also president of the Fitchburg and 
 Leominster street railway company; and a director of several 
 successful manufacturing concerns. In 1866 he was a representa- 
 tive in the Massachusetts state legislature ; in 1873 was president 
 of the common council of Fitchburg ; and for seventeen years up 
 to 1900 was treasurer of that city. In 1863 he became a trustee 
 of the public library; and since 1890 has been chairman of its 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 403 
 
 board ; and in 1890-1902 was president of the Fitchburg historical 
 society. Since 1861 he has also been a justice of the peace. 
 
 Willoughby, Hugh Laussat, yachtsman, scientist, aeronaut, 
 author, was born in 1856, in Solitude, N.Y. He graduated from 
 the engineering department of the university of Pennsylvania; 
 and graduated from the United States naval war college. He is 
 the first champion all around athlete of the university of Penn- 
 sylvania; winner of the Pennsylvania first intercollegiate cup; 
 and the first man to wear the red of blue. In 1879 he organized 
 the third bicycle club in America ; and was one of the organizers 
 and the first treasurer of the League of American wheelmen. 
 He is a member of the New York yacht club ; a founder and mem- 
 ber of the Aero club of America; a member of the international 
 aeroplane club; a member of the National geographic society; 
 and a member of the academy of natural science. He organized 
 and commanded the Rhode Island naval reserve for three years. 
 He is the author of Across the Everglades. 
 
 Willson, Augustus Everett, governor of the state of Kentucky, 
 was born Oct. 13, 1846, in Maysville, Ky. He received his pre- 
 paratory education at Alfred university ; in 1869 graduated from 
 Harvard college where he subsequently received the degree of 
 A.M. ; and studied law in the Harvard law school and at Boston 
 and Louisville. He is a lawyer by profession ; and is a member of 
 the republican party. In 1875-76 he was chief clerk in the United 
 States treasury department ; in 1884, 1886, 1888 and 1892 was a 
 republican nominee for congress. In 1884, 1888, 1892 and 1904 
 he was a delegate from the fifth district of Kentucky to the re- 
 publican national conventions. He is governor of the state of 
 Kentucky; is serving his first term of 1907-11; and resides in 
 Frankfort, Ky. 
 
 Wilson, George West, journalist, founder, public official, was 
 born May 10, 1859, in Boone county, Ky. He was educated in 
 the public schools, and under private instructors; his principal 
 instructor being professor Todd, brother-in-law of Lincoln. He 
 received the nomination for the state legislature ; has always been 
 an ardent political worker; and in 1881 founded The Orange 
 Lake Floridan. In 1897 he took charge of the Florida Citizen, 
 which the same year was consolidated with the Times-Union. He 
 is president and editor of the Florida Times-Union, now one of 
 the leading daily newspapers in Florida. For three years he 
 was president of the Semi-Tropical exposition ; in 1889 was com- 
 missioner to the Paris exposition; and six years was president 
 of the board of trustees of the University of Florida. He Ayas col- 
 lector of internal revenue under president Cleveland : and in 1892 
 
404 PKOGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 was chairman of the Florida democratic state committee cam- 
 paign. 
 
 Wilson, Gustavus James Nash, soldier, educator, was born 
 Oct. 16, 1827, in Harmony Grove, Ga. Since his youth he has 
 been principally engaged in educational work, and was associated 
 with some of the most successful instituions of learning in Jack- 
 son county in ante-bellum days. During the war he served in the 
 confederate army as an officer in company E, thirty-fourth Geor- 
 gia regiment. For nearly ten years subsequent to the war he 
 devoted most of his time to mechanics and machinery, but in 
 1871 he was elected county superintendent of schools, which posi- 
 tion he has filled for twenty-eight years. He is prominent in pub- 
 lic affairs ; owns one of the largest private libraries in the state of 
 Georgia, and resides in his native county at Jefferson, in a beau- 
 tiful residence built by himself; and resides in Jefferson, Ga. 
 
 Winborne, Benjamin Brodie, state representative of North 
 Carolina, was born April 14, 1854, in Hertford county, N.C. He 
 was educated at Buckhorn academy of Hertford county, N.C; 
 attended Wake Forest college of North Carolina ; and graduated 
 from Columbian university of Washington, D.C. He has been 
 solicitor and judge; and in 1895-1907 was a representative in the 
 North Carolina state legislature and chairman of the judiciary 
 committee. He was a delegate to the national democratic conven- 
 tion that first nominated William Jennings Bryan for president ; 
 and declined to aecept nomination for congress in 1896. Since 
 1895 he has been a representative in the North Carolina state leg- 
 islature ; and resides in Murfreesboro, N.C. 
 
 Windmuller, Louis, merchant, banker, political economist, was 
 born in 1835 in Minister. He is a treasurer of the Legal aid 
 society, which furnishes gratuitous legal advice to helpless 
 strangers; and sinee 1889 has also been treasurer of the Reform 
 club of New York city. He is president of the Maiden Lane sav- 
 ings bank and other corporations. He has written monographs 
 on divers questions of political economy ; and is the author of A 
 Plea for Parks, How to Shield Our Birds, and various other ar- 
 ticles on municipal affairs which have been published in the 
 Forum, Review of Reviews, North American Review and va- 
 rious other standard publications. He is a collector of books and 
 pictures; and a life member of the New York historical society. 
 
 Wing, George Clary, lawyer, was born April 4, 1848, in Bloom- 
 field, Ohio. He received his preparatory education at Phillips 
 academy of Auburn, Mass. ; graduated, in course, from Harvard 
 college in 1871 with the degree of A.B. ; and in 1873 graduated 
 from the law department of the Georgetown university with the 
 degree of LL.B. He became chief clerk of the United States de- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 405 
 
 partment of justice at Washington, D.C. ; from 1879-83 was at- 
 torney for the government in the defense of suit in the court of 
 claims; thereafter was chief of the diplomatic bureau of the 
 United States department of state until 1884; since which time 
 he has practiced law with success in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Winslow, William Copley, journalist, lecturer, genealogist, au- 
 thor, was born Jan. 13, 1840, in Boston, Mass. He was educated 
 at the Boston latin school; in 1862 he graduated from Hamilton 
 college ; and in 1865 he graduated from the General theological 
 seminary of New York city. In 1862-63 he was assistant editor 
 of the New York World ; and in 1864 was managing editor of The 
 Christian Times. He was rector at Lee, Mass. ; and for thirteen 
 years was executive secretary of the Free press association; and 
 is also on the executive committee of the institute of civics and 
 other bodies. In 1883 he founded the American branch of the 
 Egypt exploration fund ; and is its executive head and secretary. 
 He is the author of Israel in Egpyt ; The Stone City of Pithom ; 
 A Greek City in Egypt ; Explorations at Zoan ; The Identification 
 of Awaris; The Pilgrim Father in England; Governor Edward 
 Winslow of Plymouth Colony, and other works. 
 
 Winters, David Chevalier, member territorial council of New 
 Mexico, was born Dec. 13, 1854, in Parkersburg, W.Va. He was 
 educated at Palmyra, Mo.; and at St. Paul's college. He is a 
 druggist by profession ; and prominently identified with the busi- 
 ness and public affairs of Las Vegas, N.M. He has been a mem- 
 ber on the governor's staff; president of the school board of Las 
 Vegas ; a member board of asylum directors ; and a member of the 
 territorial republican central committee. He is a member of 
 the territorial council of New Mexico for the counties of San 
 Miguel, Leonard Wood and Quay ; and resides in Las Vegas, N.M. 
 
 Winters, Peter Charles, educator, clergyman, was born March 
 31, 1863, in Friendsville, Pa. He was educated at the Binghamp- 
 ton high school, Niagara university, and St. Mary's Seminary of 
 Baltimore, Md. Early in life he clerked in his father's country 
 store; and for several years taught school. Since 1889 he has 
 been a clergyman of the Roman Catholic church, served two years 
 as assistant at St. Peter's Cathedral of Scranton, Pa.; and for 
 eight years at St. Vincent's church of Plymouth, Pa. Since 1899 
 he has been rector of St. Philomena's church of Hawley, Wayne 
 county, Pa. During his pastorate in Hawley he has built and paid 
 for a brick and stone church at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. 
 
 Wise, Leo Henry, railroad president, capitalist, was born April 
 23, 1862, in Maryland. He was educated in the public, private 
 and collegiate schools of Baltimore, Md. lie was president and 
 director of the Colonial assurance company ; president and direc- 
 
406 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tor of the Glenville land company ; vice-president and director of 
 the Rutland railroad; and vice-president and director of the 
 Light and power company ; but has now retired from active busi- 
 ness. He is a member of the Advisory committee of the American 
 Lloyds and also the Great Western Lloyds, underwriters ; is a di- 
 rector of Converse and company; and one of the firm of Wise 
 brothers of New York city. 
 
 Wistar, Isaac Jones, soldier, lawyer, was born Nov. 14, 1827, 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He entered the national army in 1861 as a 
 captain in a regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers, and served in 
 Maryland and Virginia, and was commissioned brigadier-general 
 of volunteers. After the war he resumed practice, and is now 
 president of a canal company and several coal companies in Penn- 
 slyvania. 
 
 Wittich, W. L., soldier, merchant, manufacturer, exporter, was 
 born Jan. 16, 1847, in Madison, Ga. In 1862 he entered the con- 
 federate service in the civil war as private of company E, fifty- 
 sixth Alabama regiment. He was one of President Davis' escort 
 from Greensboro, N.C., to Washington guard; and was guard at 
 the last meeting of the confederate cabinet. He served until the 
 close of the war; and participated in numerous battles and skir- 
 mishes. He is a successful timber and lumber merchant, manufac- 
 turer and exporter ; and prominently identified with the business 
 and public affairs of the South. He is a member of Ward camp, 
 number ten at Pensacola, Fla. ; and major-general Florida division 
 of the united and confederate veterans. 
 
 Woll, Fritz Wilhelm, educator, chemist, author, was born May 
 23, 1865, in Norway. Since 1906 he has been professor of agri- 
 cultural chemistry at the university of Wisconsin. He is the 
 author of Agricultural Calender; Dairy Calender, A Handbook 
 for Farmers and Dairymen; A Book on Silage; joint author of 
 Testing Milk and Its Products, and translator of Grotenfelt's 
 Principles of Modern Dairy Practice. 
 
 Wolverton, Simon P., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born 
 Jan. 28, 1837, in Rush township, Pa. In 1862 he raised a company 
 of emergency men, of which he was made captain, and served 
 in the eighteenth regiment of Pennsylvanian volunteers. In 1863 
 he was chosen captain of company F, thirty-sixth regiment Penn- 
 sylvania volunteers. In 1878 he was elected to the state senate, 
 and was reelected in 1880 and 1884, when he declined further 
 nomination to that office. In 1884 he was nominated for United 
 States senator by the democrats of both houses, and was elected 
 to the fifty-third congress as a democrat. He declined further 
 nomination for congress; and resides in Sunbury, Pa. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 407 
 
 Wood, Casey Albert, physician, oculist, author, was born Nov. 
 21, 1856, in Canada. In 1877-1901 he practiced medicine in Mon- 
 treal, Canada ; and now practices his profession in Chicago, 
 111. He has been president of the Chicago ophthalmological so- 
 ciety. He is the author of several text-books on diseases of the 
 eye. 
 
 Wood, Leonard, major-general United States army, was born 
 Oct. 9, 1860, in Winchester, N.H. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Massachusetts; attended the Pierce academy of Mid- 
 dleboro, Mass. ; graduated from tne medical schools of Harvard 
 university and has received the degrees of M.D. and L.L.D. In 
 1886-91 he was first lieutenant and assistant surgeon in the United 
 States army ; and in 1891-1901 was captain and assistant surgeon. 
 In 1898 he was colonel of the first United States volunteer cavalry ; 
 and in the same year become brigadier-general United States vol- 
 unteer cavalry; and in the same year became brigadier-general 
 United States volunteers, and in 1898-99 was major-general United 
 States volunteers. Since 1903 he has been major-general United 
 States army. He served as medical and line officer in Lawton's 
 Expedition which resulted in the capture of Geronimo, the Apa- 
 che chief; and served against the hostile Indians in Arizona 
 and Mexico. During the Spanish-American war he commanded 
 a regiment in the Las Guasimas fight; and was in the battle of 
 Santiago. He was appointed governor of Santiago de Cuba; and 
 in 1899-1902 was governor-general of Cuba. In 1903-06 he was 
 governor of the Moro Providence, P.I. ; and commanding-general 
 department of Mindanao ; and since 1900 has been in command 
 of the Philippines division. 
 
 Woodbury, Nathan F., member Maine prohibition national 
 committee, was born Jan. 20, 1850, in Sturbridge, Mass. He is 
 president of the Frances-Willard Shoe company; and treasurer 
 of the Auburn-Lynn Shoe Co. Since 1880 he has been a mem- 
 ber of the Maine prohibition national committee, and is now 
 serving the term of 1908-12 ; and resides in Auburn, Maine. 
 
 Woodlee, L. V., state senator of Tennessee, was born Feb. 8, 
 1861, in Tarlton, Grundy county, Tenn. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the public schools of his native county ; 
 and attended Irving college and also Wesley's Chapel of War- 
 ren county, Tennessee. He is a successful farmer and lawyer of 
 Altamont, Tenn. For many years he taught school ; and in 1887 
 began the practice of law. In 1888-96 he was back tax attorney 
 for Grundy county, Tenn. ; and in 1893 became county attorney. 
 In 1890-96 he was county superintendent of public instruction for 
 Grundy county, Tenn.; since 1893 has been a member of the 
 county democratic executive committee; and in 1897-1904 was 
 
408 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 chairman of the board of election commissioners for his county. 
 In 1896-98 he was a representative in the Tennessee state legis- 
 lature. He was a member of the Tennessee state senate for the 
 term of 1905-07 ; and resides in Altamont, Tenn. 
 
 Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, lawyer, legislator, was born Dec. 
 17, 1868, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1897 he was elected a member 
 of the Pennsylvania state legislature. He has been prominent in 
 educational and reform work ; and in 1894 was secretary of the 
 Philadelphia conference for good city government. 
 
 Woods, Charles Dayton, educator, agriculturist, was born 
 Sept. 11, 1856, in Brooks, Maine. In 1880 he graduated from the 
 Wesleyan university of Connecticut with the degree of B.S. In 
 1880-83 he was assistant in chemistry at the Wesleyan university; 
 in 1883-88 was a teacher of sciences in Wilbraham academy; in 
 1888-96 was chemist and vice-director Storrs agricultural experi- 
 ment station ; and in 1896-1903 was professor of agriculture in 
 the university of Maine. Since 1894 he has been food expert in 
 the United States department of agriculture ; and since 1896 has 
 been director of the Maine agricultural experiment station. He 
 is the author of numerous reports and scientific papers. 
 
 Woods, William Speer, state senator of Pennsylvania, was 
 born March 3, 1861, in Allegheny City, Pa. Since 1888 he has 
 practiced law ; and in 1902 was a member of the common council 
 of Pittsburg, Pa. He was a member of the Pennsylvania state 
 senate for the term of 1903-07 ; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Woodson, Urey, secretary democratic national committee for 
 Kentucky, was born Aug. 16, 1859, in Madisonville, Ky. He is 
 editor, publisher and proprietor of The Messenger, a daily news- 
 paper of Owensboro, Ky. He has been railroad commissioner for 
 Kentucky; and in 1891 declined an appointment as secretary of 
 state of Kentucky. For eight years he was a member of the dem- 
 ocratic state central and executive committees of Kentucky. 
 Since 1896 he has been a member of the democratic national com- 
 mittees for Kentucky; in 1904 was elected secretary and resides 
 in Owensboro, Ky. 
 
 Woodward, Samuel Walter, president board of charities for 
 the District of Columbia, was born in Massachusetts. In 1880 
 he started a dry goods store in Washington with Alvin Lothrop ; 
 and this business has grown to be one of the largest department 
 stores in the United States. He is president of the Young Men's 
 Christian association of Washington; and has given fifty thou- 
 sand dollars to advance its work. He has been president of the 
 Washington board of trade ; president Realty Appraised and 
 Agency company ; and is president of the Colonial Fire Insurance 
 company. He has given one hundred thousand dollars toward en- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 409 
 
 larging the work of Calvary Baptist church. He is president of 
 the board of charities of the District of Columbia, and resides in 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Wornall, Thomas J., state senator of Missouri, was born June 
 28, 1865, in Kansas City, Mo. He was educated /at the William 
 Jewell college of Liberty, Mo. He has attained success as a 
 farmer and breeder of short-horn cattle. He has been director 
 in the American short-horn breeders' association; president of 
 the Central short-horn breeders' association; and secretary and 
 treasurer of the American Royal live stock show held at Kan- 
 sas City, Mo. He has been mayor of the city of Liberty, Mo.; 
 chairman of the appropriation committee ; and chairman of the 
 visiting committee of all state institutions. He was a member of 
 the Missouri state senate from the third district for the term of 
 1905-09 ; and resides in Liberty, Mo. 
 
 Worst, John H., educator, agriculturist, college president, 
 statesman, was born Dec. 23, 1850, in Ashland county, Ohio. He 
 has been a teacher, farmer merchant and editor; and in 1883-89 
 was county superintendent of schools for Emmons county, N.D. 
 In 1889-94 he was state senator; and in 1895-97 was lieutenant- 
 governor of North Dakota. Since 1895 he has been president of 
 the North Dakota agricultural college. 
 
 Wrenn, John Quincy, mayor of Placerville, Cal., was born in 
 1844 in Westfield, Ind. He was educated in the common and 
 high schools and medical colleges; is now a successful physician 
 and surgeon of Placerville, Cal. ; and prominently identified with 
 the business and public affairs of that city. In 1888-97 he was su- 
 perintendent of El Dorado county hospital; is medical examiner 
 for the Equitable Life Assurance society, New York Life Insur- 
 ance company, Mutual Life Insurance company of New York, 
 New England Mutual Life Insurance company, and other cor- 
 porations. He is mayor of the city of Placerville ; and resides in 
 Placerville, Cal. 
 
 Wulling, Frederick John, executive officer university of Min- 
 nesota, was born Dec. 24, 1866, in New York city. He was edu- 
 cated in the high schools of Carlstadt, N. J. ; attended Columbia 
 university, and graduated from its academy and medical depart- 
 ment. He is the author of Evolution of Botany ; A Course in Law ; 
 and other works. Since 1892 he has been dean of faculty and 
 professor of pharmaceutical chemistry in the department of phar- 
 macy of the university of Minnesota ; and resides in Minneapolis, 
 Minn. 
 
 Wyatt, Conway C, inspector general rifle practice Mississippi 
 national guard, was born in 1857 in Ireland. He was educated at 
 Trinity college, Dublin. In 1876 he entered the army; has filled 
 
410 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 various grades ; and became major of artillery. Since 1900 he has 
 been inspector-general of rifle practice in the Mississippi national 
 guard on the general staff. He is prominently identified with the 
 public and private affairs of Meridian, Miss. 
 
 Wyeth, John Allan, surgeon, author, was born May 26, 1845, 
 in Missionary Station, Ala. He is a surgeon of New York city, 
 founder in 1880 of the New York Polyclinic and Hospital, and the 
 first graduate medical school in America. In 1880-97 he was sur- 
 geon to Mt. Sinai hospital of New York city. He is the author 
 of Essays on Surgical Anatomy and Surgery ; Text-Book on Sur- 
 gery; and Life of General N. B. Forrest. 
 
 Yarrow, Henry Crecy, physician, surgeon, author, was born 
 Nov. 19, 1840, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1861 he graduated from 
 the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania. Dur- 
 ing the civil war he was surgeon in the fifth regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania cavalry ; and for thirty years was acting assistant surgeon 
 in the United States army. He is the author of Introduction to 
 the Study of Mortuary Customs Among North American In- 
 dians; and various biological, medical and ethnological papers. 
 
 Yeager, James Martin, clergyman, lecturer, college president, 
 was born Nov. 2, 1857, in Yeagerstown, Pa. He attended the 
 Wyoming seminary and in 1880 graduated from the Wesleyan 
 university, from which institution he subsequently received the 
 degree of A.M. For two years he preached in Carmel, N.Y., then 
 traveled through the principal countries of Europe and in Pales- 
 tine and Egypt. During 1883-84 he filled a pastorate in Lenox, 
 Mass., then for three years in Rhinecliffe-on-Hudson, N.Y., and 
 during 1888-92 in Hillsdale, N.Y., and since 1892 has been presi- 
 dent of the Drew Ladies' seminary. He lectures on Rembles on 
 The Continent; Jauntings in the East; From Blarney Castle to 
 The Nile; and Rocks That Wreck. 
 
 Young, George Curson, physician, surgeon, author, was born 
 in 1840 in Wisbeach, England. He was educated at Rugby and 
 Eton colleges, and received his medical education at Edinburgh 
 and Leeds. After passing a term in Guy's hospital and St. Bar- 
 tholomew's, he made a tour through the various hospitals of 
 Europe. He next visited Palestine, Egypt, and other countries, 
 and in 1870 emigrated to the United States. He has since prac- 
 ticed his profession in New York city, Port Jervis, N.Y., and is 
 now in Washington, N.J. For one year he was professor of 
 physiology in the Eclectic Medical college of New York city. 
 He was the editor of The Red Cross Knight, and the past grand 
 commander of that order. He is the author of Ancient and Mod- 
 ern History of the Order of Knights Hospitallers, in two volumes ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 411 
 
 Therapeutics in Nature; Physiology for the People, and various 
 medical and other essays. 
 
 Young, James Carleton, capitalist, bibliophile, was born July 
 29, 1856, in Marion, Iowa. In 1876 he graduated from Cornell 
 college of Iowa; from which institution he has received the de- 
 grees of B.S. and M.A. In 1878 he was a commissioner of the 
 United States to the Paris Exposition. In 1884-86 he was pres- 
 ident of the National association of real estate dealers; and is 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 Minneapolis, Minn. He owns the most valuable and interest- 
 ing library that exists in the world, consisting of selected books 
 characteristically inscribed by their authors; and is a member 
 of the most important book clubs and societies in Europe and 
 America. 
 
 Young, Michael Harry De, journalist, was born in October, 
 1848, in St. Louis, Mo. He is the editor and owner of the San 
 Francisco Chronicle, and one of the best-known and most suc- 
 cessful newspaper men in America. In 1865 he issued the first 
 number of The Dramatic Chronicle, which was subsequently 
 merged into the San Francisco Chronicle. For many years he 
 was a member of the national republican committee; and was 
 nominee for the United States senatorship as successor to the 
 late George Hearst. In 1889 he was appointed commissioner from 
 California to the Paris exposition ; he was one of the most prom- 
 inent California representatives in the "World's Columbian ex- 
 position, and was its second vice-president. The California Mid- 
 Winter International exposition owed its conception to him, and 
 he was its president and director general. In 1900 he was ap- 
 pointed a commissioner to the Paris exposition. He has been 
 president of the International league of press clubs. 
 
 Young, Samuel Baldwin Marks, soldier, civil engineer, was 
 born Jan. 9, 1840, in Allegheny county, Pa. He attended the 
 Jefferson college at Cannonsburg, Pa. He left college and be- 
 came assistant engineer on the Pennsylvania railroad ; and on the 
 first call for volunteers in 1861 he enlisted against the wishes of 
 his father. He has devoted his life to the service of his country ; 
 and has attained the rank of brigadier-general. In 1901 he be- 
 came major-general in the Philippines. He has been superin- 
 tendent of the Yosemite national park ; and superintendent of the 
 Yellowstone park. 
 
 Young, William James, was born Nov. 8, 1842, in Pittsburg, 
 Pa. During 1873-91 he has been consecutively cashier, vice-pres- 
 ident and president of the Oil City Trust company of Oil City, 
 Pa. ; and since 1890 has been the vice-president, general manager 
 and treasurer of the Forest Oil company of Pittsburg, Pa., the 
 
412 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 largest oil producing corporation in the state of Pennsylvania, 
 with a capital of five and a half million. Since 1893 he has been 
 president of the Washington Oil company, and also since 1893 has 
 been president of the Taylorstown Natural Gas company. He is 
 prominent in the public affairs of Pittsburg and a member of 
 several fraternal orders. 
 
 Yule, George, member Grand Army of the Republic, was born 
 June 20, 1835, in Scotland. He was educated in the public schools 
 of Ashland county, Ohio. He is a successful ranchman and cattle 
 raiser of Colorado. He served in the civil war; and participated 
 in numerous battles and skirmishes. For two terms he was sheriff 
 of Denison county, Colo. ; and is now president of the school 
 board of his county ; and has filled various other positions of trust 
 and honor. Since 1892 he has been a member of General Shield 's 
 Post No. 78, Grand Army of the Republic ; and for the past four 
 years has been commander of his post; and resides near New 
 Castle, Colo. 
 
 Zabriskie, Andrew Christian, Dutchess county school trustee 
 of New York, was bom May 30, 1853, in New York city. He 
 was educated in private scnools of New York city ; and graduated 
 from Columbia college. He is engaged in the care of his own 
 real estate interests ; and is trustee for numerous institutions and 
 individuals. He is interested in farming and the breeding of Ayr- 
 shire cattle and thoroughbred poultry. For many years he was 
 president of the American Numismatic society ; has a superb col- 
 lection of coins; and has written valuable articles on antiquarian 
 and numismatic subjects. He has always been interested in pub- 
 lic education ; is now a school trustee in Dutchess county, N.Y. ; 
 and resides in Barrytown, N.Y. 
 
 Zimmerman, Jeremiah, clergyman, numismatist, author, was 
 born April 26, 1848, in Snydersburg, Md. In 1873 he graduated 
 from Pennsylvania college, from which institution he has received 
 the degrees of D.D. and LL.D. ; and subsequently also received 
 the honorary degree of D.D. from Wittenberg college and from 
 the Susquehanna university. He is a lecturer in Syracuse univer- 
 sity ; and is regarded as an authority on the historical branch of 
 numismatics. He is an eminent clergyman of Syracuse, N.Y. ; and 
 president of the federation of churches and christian workers 
 of the state of New York. He is the author of Spain and Her 
 People ; and numerous contributions to numismatic literature. 
 
 Zimmermann, Leander M., clergyman, author, was born Aug. 
 29, 1863, in Manchester, Md. He received his education in the 
 Pennsylvania college at Gettysburg, Pa. He has attained success 
 as an eminent clergyman, and for the past ten years has been 
 pastor of the Christ English Lutheran church of Baltimore, Md. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 413 
 
 He is the author of How to Be Happy When Married ; Pearls of 
 Comfort from Tennyson's In Memoriam; The Little Grave; Daily 
 Bread for Daily Hunger ; Sunshine ; Paths That Cross ; and other 
 works. Paths That Cross is full of deep thought and study; is 
 of masterpiece and teaches a multitude of good lessons. 
 
 Yakey, John B., superior judge of Washington, was born 
 March 6, 1863, in Trenton, Mo. He was educated at the Mis- 
 souri state university ; and soon attained success in the practice 
 of law. In 1895-99 he was prosecuting attorney of Kitsap 
 county, Wash.; and also filled the same position in 1901-05, 
 comprising four terms of two years each. Since 1905 he has 
 been superior judge of the state of Washington for Kitsap 
 county; and resides in Port Orchard. Wash. 
 
 Yeaman, George Helm, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born 
 November 1, 1^29. in Hardin county, Kentucky. He was elected 
 judge of the county court of Daviess county in 1854; elected 
 to the legislature in 1861 and to congress to fill a vacancy, in 
 1862, and re-elected in 1863 for a full term. He voted for the 
 constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which caused his 
 defeat at the next election. In 1865 he was made minister resi- 
 dent at Copenhagen, where he served five years and, under the 
 direction of Mr. Seward, negotiated a treaty with Denmark for 
 the purchase cf the Islands of St. Thomas and Santa Cruz, 
 which failed of ratification. In 1870 he resigned and settled in 
 New York, where he has since practiced law. He is author of 
 The Study of Government; and of articles and pamphlets on 
 various subjects, among them, Allegiance and Naturalization, 
 Privateering; The Alabama Question; Labor and Money; A 
 Currency Primer, advocating the gold standard. He was for 
 several years a lecturer on constitutional law in Columbia law 
 school. In a report adopted by the Association of the Bar of 
 the City of New York, he outlined the abolition of the Superior 
 court and the Court of Common Pleas of New York City, pro- 
 posing to merge them in the Supreme court, many years be- 
 fore the adoption of that reform in the Constitution of 1894. He 
 is a member of the Association of the Bar of the City of New- 
 York, the State Bar association, The Kentuckians, New York 
 City, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum of 
 Natural Historv, the National Geopraphic society, Economic 
 club of New York, the Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 the Cosmos club of Jersey City, and the New York Academy 
 of Science. 
 
 Yencer, Martin Washington, state representative of Indiana, 
 was born Dec. 27, 1871, near Lancaster, Ohio. He was eda- 
 
414 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 cated at altimore high school ; attended Fairfield county academy ; 
 and studied medicine at Central college of Starling and at the 
 college of physicians and surgeons, from which he graduated in 
 1897. He has attained prominence in the practice of his pro- 
 fession in the state of Indiana ; and is a member of the leading 
 medical and scientific associations of America. Since 1903 he 
 has been a representative in the Indiana state legislature. In 
 1904 he was elected by the largest majority ever given to a 
 state representative ; and resides in Richmond, Wavne county, 
 Ind. 
 
 Yoder, Albert Henry, superintendent of public schools, was 
 born Feb. 15, 1866, near Nora Springs, Iowa. He began his 
 education in the public schools of Iowa, was graduated from 
 the 1 Latin course in the State normal school at Madison, South 
 Dakota, in 1888, and from Indiana university as A.B. in 1893. 
 He was a graduate student and fellow in pedagogy of Clark 
 university, Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1893-1894 ; graduate 
 student in psychology at the university of Chicago in 1895-1896 ; 
 and took a special course in pediatrics in Northwestern univer- 
 sity in 1896. He has been engaged in educational work from 
 1888 ; was teacher in common schools three years ; superinten- 
 dent of schools at Madison, South Dakota, from 1888 to 1891 ; 
 instructor in pedagogy in Indiana university in 1893 ; principal 
 in the City normal school of San Francisco, California, 1894- 
 1895 ; president of Vincennes university, 1896 to 1900 ; pro- 
 fessor of education in the university of Washington from 1900 
 to 1906; since 1906 superintendent of schools at Tacoma, Wash. 
 He has lectured on Childhood and Adolescence ; and edited the 
 Journal of Childhood and Adolescence. Since 1896 he has been 
 a member of the National educational association ; and is a di- 
 rector of the Tacoma public library. 
 
 Harper, Lloyd Andrew, soldier, farmer, stockman, was born 
 Aug. 25, 1843, in Madison county, Ark. He was educated in 
 the public schools of Crawford countv, Ark.; and is a successful 
 farmer and stockraiser of Winters, Texas. He served through 
 the civil war in 1861-65 in the confederate service as first corn- 
 oral in company A, sixteenth Texas volunteer regiment. He 
 has been commander of the Henrv E. McCulloch camp at Bal- 
 linsrer. Texas; for four vears was countv commissioner of Run- 
 nels, Texas; has filled various other positions of trust and 
 honor; and resides in Winters, Texas. His father, Robert T. 
 Harper, a descendant of the owner of Harner's Ferfv, served in 
 + he Creet Indian and Seminole wars ; was maior on the Jackson 
 county militia of Alabama ; deputy United States marshal in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 415 
 
 Crawford county, Ark. ; and filled numerous public positions in 
 Tyler, Texas. He was born Dec. 15, 1815, in Madison county, 
 Ark.; and died Dec. 3, 1876, in Ellice ccunty, Texas. 
 
 Bowers, Alphonso Benjamin, inventor, civil, mechanical and 
 hydraulic engineer, was born Sept. 25, 1830, in West Baldwin, 
 Maine. He had taught his first school, written his first pub- 
 lished paper, made several political speeches, and built his first 
 dam at the age of 16 ; the next seven years a student chiefly at 
 Bridgton academy, and the Maine Wesleyan seminary in Maine, 
 and Phillips academy, and the Bridgewater State normal school, 
 Massachusetts. In 1853 went to California, where, in the same 
 year, he invented a method of cheap and rapid transportation 
 of earth into embankment by stream cf water on a down grade 
 through an open flume. He engaged in mining, teaching, writ- 
 ing, lecturing, and the practice of his profession. Between 1860- 
 67, made surveys and published a topographical, subdivisional 
 map of Sonoma and the northern part of Marin counties in Cali- 
 fornia, covering an area of 1,500 square miles. In 1861-63 was 
 delegate to the republican state conventions and declined the 
 nomination of surveyor-general ; in 1863-67 was in charge of 
 sales of state lands; studied law, became his own attorney; in 
 1863-64 invented the art of hydraulic dredging and hydraulic 
 dredge, on which, with its rotary and scraper excavators, its 
 flexibly connected floating discharge pipe, hydraulic transporta- 
 tion and filling, its method of operation in continuously cutting 
 in arcs of circles while swinging on a vertical anchor carried 
 by the dredge, he obtained nearly 400 claims ; president and 
 vice-president of several dredging companies on Atlantic and 
 Pacific coasts ; in 1874-76 put in water works at Livermore, 
 California ; engaged in many suits against infringers of his 
 patents at a cost of more than $250.000.00 ; disbarred one of his 
 attorneys; became interested in coal mining, water works, elec- 
 tric light plants, of which companies he was president, and in 
 gold and silver mines in Wyoming, Nevada, Pacific coast and 
 Mexico. In 1898 was a member of the International congress 
 of commerce and navigation, Brussels, where he was enter- 
 tained by Leopold II ; is a member of the permanent association 
 of navigation congresses of Brussels ; member of the National 
 geographic societv. In 1904 he made a hydrographic geologic 
 tidal survey of Nassau harbor with report, maps and plans for 
 its improvement ; was delegate from California to the National 
 civic alliance, New York, 1909 ; was one of the founders of the 
 Technical society of the Pacific coast, and of the California 
 association of civil engineers. 
 
416 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Zeckwer, Richard, musician, was born April 30, 1850, in Sten- 
 dal, Prussia ; educated at gymnasium, Stendal, and at university 
 of Leipzig; musical education at Leipzig conservatory of music, 
 under Moscheles, Hauptmann, E. F. Richter, Papperitz and Rein- 
 ecke ; graduated, 1869. He came to the United States in 1869, his 
 first employment being as a teacher in the Philadelphia musical 
 academy, 1869; he became its proprietor in 1876. Married, 1874. 
 Marie d'Invilliers. Organist at church of St. Vincent de Paul, 
 Germantown, 1871-1878; organist Catholic cathedral, Philadel- 
 phia, 1879-1880; lecturer on acoustics before musical societies 
 and at Franklin institute, Philadelphia, also at Philadelphia 
 academy of natural sciences; inventor of the liberating of the 
 ring finger for the perfection of technique. Composer of songs 
 and piano compositions, also Festival Overture and Bride of 
 Messina. He is the author of A Scientific Investigation of 
 Touch. 
 
 Zimmerman, Eugene, railroad president, was born in Decem- 
 ber, 1815, in Vicksburg, Miss. In 1856 he moved with his 
 parents to Clifton, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. He was ed- 
 ucated at the Farmers' college of College Hill, Ohio; and at 
 Gambier, Ohio. He served in the United States navy during 
 the civil war; participated in the bombardment of Vicksburg 
 and various other engagements; was promoted successively to 
 ensign, master, lieutenant and lieutenant commander; and in 
 1863 was given command of the United States steamship Oua- 
 chita, which he held to the end of the civil war. For two years 
 he was engaged in the lumber business at Hamilton, Ohio; 
 then invested his capital in petroleum ; and in 1874 sold out to 
 the Standard oil company. He became chief engineer in the 
 construction of the Cincinnati and Green River and Chesapeake 
 and Nashville railroad ; later constructed the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio bridge at Cincinnati for Collis P. Huntington. He then 
 invested heavily in securities of the Dayton, Fort Wayne and 
 the Chicago and Chesapeake and Nashville, of which he later 
 became president. In 1892 he became vice-president of the 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton railroad company; and since 
 1904 has been its president. He is a large stockholder in the 
 Standard oil company ; is a director in several railroad, coal and 
 iron companies ; and resides in New York city. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 417 
 
 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 LEGISLATIVE 
 
 1. Taft, William Howard, president of the United States 
 of America, was born Sept. 15, 1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio. His 
 father was Alphonso Taft, born in 1810 at Townsend, Vt. ; was 
 a graduate of Yale, 1833; judge, superior court, Cincinnati, 1865 
 to 1871; secretary of war, 1875-1876; attorney-general, 1876- 
 1877; United States minister to Austria, 1883-1885; United 
 States minister to Russia, 1885-1887. His mother, Louise M. 
 (Torrey) Taft, was a daughter of Samuel D. Torrey, a West 
 India merchant, of Boston; was born in Boston, Sept. 11, 1827, 
 and married at Millbury, Mass. The president was educated in 
 the public schools of Cincinnati, including Woodward high 
 school, where he was graduated, 1874; at Yale university four 
 years, graduating June, 1878, with the degree B.A. ; was second, 
 or salutatorian, in a class of 121 ; also elected, by class, class 
 orator; entered law school, Cincinnati college, 1878, graduating 
 May, 1880, with the degree B.L., dividing first prize. He was 
 admitted to the bar of the supreme court of Ohio, May, 1880; 
 was law reporter of the Cincinnati Times, and subsequently of 
 the Cincinnati Commercial, 1880. He was appointed assistant 
 prosecuting attorney, Jan., 1881; resigned, March, 1882, to be- 
 come collector of internal revenue, first district of Ohio, under 
 President Arthur; resigned the collectorship, March, 1883, to 
 enter practice of the law; continued in practice till March, 1887, 
 holding meantime, from Jan., 1885, the office of assistant county 
 solicitor, Hamilton county. In 1887-90 he was judge of the 
 superior court of Cincinnati; in 1890-92 was solicitor-general 
 of the United States, and in 1892 became judge of the 
 United States court for the sixth judicial circuit. In 1896 
 became professor and dean of the law department of the 
 University of Cincinnati; resigned, March, 1900, the circuit 
 judgeship and deanship to become, by appointment of President 
 McKinley, president of the United States Philippine commis- 
 
418 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sion; on July 4, 1901, by appointment of President McKinley, 
 became the first civil governor of the Philippine Islands; Nov. 
 1, 1901, turned over the office of governor to Vice-Governor 
 Wright, on account of illness. In June, 1908, Mr. Taft was 
 nominated by the republican national convention at Chicago for 
 the presidency, and elected president of the United States of 
 America, receiving 321 electoral votes to 162 for William J. 
 Bryan, of Nebraska. 
 
 2. Sherman, James Schoolcraft, vice-president of the United 
 States of America, was born Oct. 24, 1855, in Utica, N. Y. ; his 
 father, Richard U. Sherman, also born in Oneida county, N. Y., 
 was by profession an editor and also prominent in public life. 
 Mr. Sherman was educated in preparatory schools and Hamil- 
 ton college ; studied law, and was ad'mitted to the bar and prac- 
 ticed until 190G. He was married in 1881 to Carrie Babcock, 
 at East Orange, N. J. ; three sons, Sherrill, Richard U., and 
 Thomas M., are living and in business at Utica. Mr. Sherman 
 is president of the Utica Trust and Deposit company and is in- 
 terested in several other business enterprises ; is a regular at- 
 tendant of the Dutch Reformed church of Utica, treasurer of 
 the church, and chairman of its board of trustees ; is a member 
 of the Fort Schuyler club, of Utica, the Metropolitan club, of 
 Washington, and also a member of the Royal Arcanum and of 
 the Order of Elks ; is a trustee of Hamilton college, which gave 
 him the degree of LL.D. ; is also a member of the Union 
 League, Transportation, and Republican clubs, of New York 
 city. Mr. Sherman presided over the New York state conven- 
 tions of 1895, 1900, and 1908 ; was elected mayor of Utica in 
 1884; delegate to the Republican national convention in 1892; 
 was chairman of the national republican congressional commit- 
 tee in 1906 ; has made frequent appearances in campaigns, not 
 only in his own district, but throughout the United States. He 
 was elected to the fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fify-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, and 
 sixtieth congresses. Mr. Sherman was elected vice-president of 
 the United States on the ticket with William H. Taft, receiving 
 321 electoral votes to 162 for John W. Kern, of Indiana, and 
 entered upon the duties of the office at noon, March 4, 1909. 
 
 3. Knox, Philander Chase, United States secretary of state, 
 was born May 6, 1853, in Brownsville, Pa., son of David S. and 
 Rebekah Page Knox ; his father was a banker in Brownsville ; 
 graduated at Mount Union college, Alliance, Ohio, in 1872 ; 
 entered the law office of H. B. Swope, Pittsburg, Pa., and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1875 ; was assistant United States dis- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 419 
 
 trict attorney for the western district of Pennsylvania in 1876; 
 was elected president of the Pennsylvania Bar association in 
 1897; was made attorney-general in the cabinet of President 
 McKinley in 1901 as successor to Hon. John William Griggs, 
 of New Jersey, resigned, and was sworn into office April 9, 
 1901 ; was the choice of President Roosevelt for attorney-gen- 
 eral in his cabinet, and was confirmed by the senate Dec. 6, 
 1901; resigned that office June 30, 1904, to accept appointment 
 as United States senator, tendered by Governor Pennypacker 
 June 10, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Hon. M. S. 
 Quay, and took his seat Dec. 6 ; was elected by the legislature 
 in Jan., 1905, for the term ending March 3, 1911 ; resigned as 
 senator March 4, 1909, to accept the position of secretary of 
 state, and he was duly nominated, confirmed, and commissioned 
 March 5. 
 
 4. MacVeagh, Franklin. United States secretary of the treas- 
 ury, was born on a farm in Chester county, Pa. ; graduated at Yale 
 in 1862; at Columbia law school, New York, in 1864; abandoned 
 practice of law because of ill health and went to Chicago, estab- 
 lishing in the wholesale grocery business ; became president of 
 Citizens' association in 1874, which inaugurated many impor- 
 tant municipal reforms ; was nominated by the democrats of 
 Illinois, in 1894. for United States senator and made a canvass 
 of the state, but was defeated in the legislature ; president of 
 the Bureau of Charities and Municipal Art league ; member 
 of the executive committee National Civic Federation ; vice- 
 president of the American Civic association, 1905. Appointed 
 secretary of the treasury, March 5, 1909. 
 
 5. Dickinson, Jacob McGavock, United States secretary of 
 war. was born Jan. 30, 1851, in Columbus, Miss.; was graduated 
 from the university of Nashville and studied law at Columbia 
 college, New York, in Paris, and at the university of Leipzig; 
 L.L.D., Columbia university of New York and university of 
 Illinois ; was assistant attorney-general of the United States 
 from February 13, 1895, to March 8, 1897; in 1903 appeared as 
 counsel for the United States before the Alaskan boundary 
 tribunal in London ; took oath of office as secretary of war 
 March 12. 1909. 
 
 6. Wickersham, George Woodward, I nited States attorney- 
 general, was born Sept. 19, 1858, in Pittsburg, Pa.; graduated 
 from the law department of the university of Pennsylvania in 
 1880, receiving the degree of LL. B. ; in 1901 that university 
 conferred upon him the honorary degree of master of arts. 
 Previous to graduation he had been admitted to the Philadel- 
 
420 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 phia bar and practiced there until 1882, when he removed to 
 New York City, and in 1883 entered the old-established law 
 firm of Strong and Cadwalader ; was admitted, four years later, 
 becoming attorney-general, to which position he was appointed 
 to partnership in the firm, which connection he terminated upon 
 March 5, 1909. 
 
 7. Hitchcock, Frank Harris, United States postmaster-gen- 
 eral, was born Oct. 5, 1867, in Amherst, Ohio; has resided in 
 Massachusetts from early boyhood ; was graduated from Har- 
 vard university in 1891 ; studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar; served as assistant secretary of the republican national 
 committee in the campaign of 1904; was first assistant post- 
 master-general from 1905 to 1908 ; was chosen chairman of the 
 republican national committee in July, 1908, and conducted the 
 presidential campaign of that year; was appointed postmaster- 
 general by President Taft, March 5, 1909. 
 
 8. Meyer, George Von Lengerke, United States secretary 
 of the navy, born June 24, 1858, in Boston, Mass. He has been 
 a member of the common council and board of aldermen of 
 Boston, Mass. ; served as a representative in the Massachusetts 
 state legislature and was speaker of the house. He was chair- 
 man of the Massachusetts board of the Paris exposition ; and 
 for eight years the member of the republican national committee 
 for Massachusetts. He is director in various mills and financial 
 institutions. Since 1900 he has been a representative in the 
 United States diplomatic service, first as an ambassador to 
 Rome ; and was ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 
 at St. Petersburg, Russia. In 1907-09 he was postmaster-gen- 
 eral, and since 1909 has been secretary of the navy; and resides 
 in Washington, D. C. 
 
 9. Ballinger, Richard Achilles, United States secretary of 
 the interior, born July 9, 1858, in Boonesboro, Iowa ; was gradu- 
 ated from Williams college, Mass., 1884 ; began the study of law 
 in Chicago, 111., in the office of S. Corning Judd ; admitted to 
 the bar at Springfield in 1886. Served as city attorney of Kan- 
 kakee, 111., one term and appointed to a similar position at New 
 Decatur, Ala., serving a single term, when (in 1889) he moved 
 to Port Townsend, Wash. Engaged in the practice of law; 
 elected as superior court judge in 1894, serving four years; 
 Sept. 1, 1897, moved to Seattle, Wash., becoming the senior 
 member of the law firm of Ballinger, Roland and Battle; en- 
 gaged in active practice until 1904, when he was elected mayor 
 of Seattle, serving until Feb., 1906. In March, 1907, appointed 
 commissioner of the general land office, serving one year, when 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 421 
 
 he resigned to return to Seattle to resume the practice of law. 
 Was chairman of the Washington state delegation to the re- 
 publican national convention at Chicago, which nominated Hon. 
 Wm. H. Taft for the presidency. Served as western member 
 of the advisory committee of the republican national committee, 
 and participated actively in the presidential campaign of 1908. 
 Appointed secretary of the interior, assuming office March 6, 
 1909. 
 
 11. Nagel, Charles, United States secretary of commerce and 
 labor, was born Aug. 9, 1849, in Colorado County, Tex. He left 
 his home in 1863 as a result of the civil war, accompanying his 
 father to old Mexico, and from there, by way of New York, to 
 St. Louis, Mo. He was a member cf the Missouri legislature 
 from 1881 to 1883 ; president of the St. Louis city council from 
 1893 to 1897 ; member of the St. Louis law school faculty since 
 1886 ; board of trustees of Washington university ; board of 
 directors o)f St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts. Made national 
 committeeman from Missouri in 1908. Has taken an active part 
 in politics for the last twenty years by participating in conven- 
 tions and speaking during campaigns, and has from time to time 
 delivered addresses before bar associations and similar organiza- 
 tions upon various topics of public interest. 
 
 12. Bankhead, John Hollis, United States senator from Mis- 
 souri, was born Sept. 13, 1842, in Moscow, Ala. He served four 
 years in the confederate army; and was wounded three times. 
 In 1865-67 he represented Marion county in the general assem- 
 bly ; and in 1876-77 was a member of the state senate. In 1880- 
 81 he was a member of the house of representatives ; and in 
 1881-85 was warden of the Alabama penitentiary. In 1887-1907 
 he was a representative from Alabama to the fiftieth, fifty-first, 
 fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-filfth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses as a democrat. 
 He is now a member of the United States senate for a six-year 
 term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Payette, Ala. 
 
 13. Johnston, Joseph Forney, United States senator from 
 Alabama, was born in North Carolina in 1843 ; quit school to join 
 the Confederate army as a private in March, 1861 ; served dur- 
 ing the war, was wounded four times, and rose to the rank of 
 captain ; practiced law seventeen years ; was a banker ten years : 
 was elected governor of Alabama in 1896 and re-elected in 1898, 
 serving four years ; never sought or held any office other than 
 governor and senator. He was unanimously elected to the Unit- 
 ed States Senate by the legislature, to fill out the unexpired por- 
 tion of the term of Hon. E. W. Pettus, deceased, ending March 
 
422 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 3, 1909, also for the term ending March 3, 1915 ; and resides it? 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 14. Taylor, George Washington, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Alabama, was born Jan. 16, 1849, it 
 Montgomery county, Ala. He enlisted as a private in company 
 D, first regiment South Carolina cavalry, and served as a courier 
 till the end of the war. He was elected to the lower house of 
 the general assembly of Alabama in 1878 ; and served one term 
 as a member from Choctaw county ; and 1880 he was elected 
 state solicitor for the first judicial circuit of Alabama. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the first district 
 of Alabama for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Demopolis, 
 Ala. 
 
 15. Dent, Stanley Hubert, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Alabama, was born Aug. 16, 1869, in Eu- 
 faula, Ala., August 16, 1869, was graduated from the Southern 
 university of Greensboro. Ala., with the degree of A. B., in 
 1886, and in 1889 was graduated in law from the University of 
 Virginia ; his profession has always been that of attorney at law; 
 was married to Miss Etta Tinsley, of Louisville, Ky., June 23, 
 1897 ; was appointed prosecuting attorney for Montgomery 
 county, and went into office Dec. 1, 1902 ; in 1904 was re-elected 
 for a term of six years ; was nominated by the Democrats in a 
 Congressional primary Sept. 12, 1908, and was elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat; and resides in Montgomery, 
 Ala.' 
 
 16. Clayton, Henry D., United States congressman from the 
 third district of Alabama, was born in Barbour county, Ala. He 
 has practiced law in Clayton and Eufaula, Ala. He is a mem- 
 ber of the democratic national convention for 1904-08. He Avas 
 a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the third district of Ala- 
 bama for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Eufaula, Ala. 
 
 17. Craig, William Benjamin, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Alabama, son of George Henry Craig 
 and Alvena White Craig, was born Nov. 2, 1877, in Selma, Ala.; 
 was educated in the public and high schools of Selma and in 
 June, 1898, was graduated from the law department of Cumber- 
 land university, Lebanon, Tenn., with the degree of bachelot 
 of laws ; from 1893 to 1897 he served an apprenticeship as a 
 machinist in the shops of the Southern railway, at Selma ; since 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY L23 
 
 June, 1898, has been engaged in the practice of law. From Jan. 
 1, 1903, to Jan. 1, 1907, he served a term as State senator in the 
 legislature of Alabama, representing the thirtieth district. He 
 has served in the Alabama National Guard as private and non- 
 commissioned officer in Troop C, First Cavalry, and as captain 
 of Company C, Second Infantry. Was elected to the Sixtieth 
 congress without opposition and re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a democrat; and resides in Selma, Ala. 
 
 18. Heflin, James Thomas, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Alabama, was born April 9, 1869, in Louina, 
 Randolph, county, Ala. ; was educated in the common schools 
 of Randolph county, at the Southern university, Greensboro, 
 Ala., and at the A. and M. college, Auburn, Ala.; studied law 
 at Lafayette, Ala., and was admitted to the bar Jan. 12, 1893; 
 was elected mayor of Lafayette March 1G, 1893, and re-elected, 
 holding this office two terms ; was register in chancery two 
 years, resigning in 189(3 to accept the democratic nomination 
 from Chambers county to the legislature ; was elected in 1896 
 and re-elected to the legislature in 1898 ; was a member of the 
 democratic state executive committee from 1896 to 1902 ; was 
 a delegate in the constitutional convention of Alabama in 1901 ; 
 was elected secretary of state in Nov., 1902, for a term of four 
 years; resigned that office May 1, 1904; was elected, without 
 opposition. May 10, 1904, to fill an unexpired term in the fifty- 
 eighth congress; also elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat; 
 and resides in Lafayette, Ala. 
 
 19. Hobson, Richmond Pearson, United states congressman 
 from the sixth district of Alabama, was born Aug. 17, 1870, in 
 Greensboro, Ala. ; was educated at the Southern university, the 
 United States naval academy, the French national school of 
 naval design; is a naval architect and lecturer,; served in the 
 United States navy from 1885 to 1903; received the degree of 
 LL.D. from Southern university June, 1906 ; was democratic 
 elector at large, Alabama, in 1904; is tenth in descent from 
 Elder Brewster, of the Mayflower ; was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; 
 and resides in Greensboro, Ala. 
 
 20. Burnett, John Lawson Brandon, United States congress- 
 man from the seventh district of Alabama, was born Jan. 20, 1854, 
 in Cedar Bluff., Ala. He was elected to the Alabama legisla^ 
 ture in 1884; and to the state senate in 1886. He was elected 
 to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses from Alabama as a democrat. He was re- 
 
424 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of 
 Alabama for term of 1909-11; and resides in Godsden, Ala. 
 
 21. Richardson, William, United States congressman from 
 Alabama, was born in Athens, Ala. He served as a soldier in the 
 confederate states army during the civil war; and was severely 
 wounded at Chickamauga. He was then elected to the Ala- 
 bama house of representatives from Limestone county. In 
 1867 he began the practice of law ; was county judge for twelve 
 years ; and in 1890 was candidate for governor of Alabama. He 
 was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the eighth district of Alabama 
 for term of 1909-11; and resides in Huntsville, Ala. 
 
 22. Underwood, Oscar W., United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Alabama, was born May 6, 1862, in Louisville, 
 Ky. He is a noted lawyer of Birmingham, Ala. He was chair- 
 man of the democratic executive committee of the ninth district 
 in the campaign of 1892. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the ninth district of Alabama for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 23. Clarke, James P., United States senator from Arkansas, 
 was born Aug. 18, 1854, in Yazoo City, Miss. In 1886-87 he was a 
 member of the Arkansas legislature and in 1888-92 was a mem- 
 ber of the state senate. In 1893-94 he was attorney-general of 
 Arkansas, and in 1895-97 was governor of Arkansas. Since 
 1903 he has been a member of the United States senate and is 
 now serving the term of 1909-13; and resides in Little Rock, 
 Ark. 
 
 24. Davis, Jefferson, United States senator from Arkansas, 
 was born June 27, 1862, in Little River county, Ark. He was edu- 
 cated at Russellville, Ark. ; and in 1884 graduated from the law 
 department of Vanderbilt university. In 1884 he began the 
 practice of law ; in 1892 became prosecuting attorney for the 
 fifth judicial district of Arkansas ; and in 1898 was elected attor- 
 ney-general of Arkansas. In 1900 he became governor of the 
 state. He is now United States senator from Arkansas for 
 the term of 1907-13 ; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 25. Macon, Robert Bruce, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Arkansas, was born July 6, 1859, near Trenton, 
 Ark. ; and has always lived in his native county. In 1891 he 
 was admitted to the bar; in 1882-86 served two terms as a rep- 
 resentative in the Arkansas state legislature ; and in 1892-96 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 425 
 
 was clerk of the circuit court. In 1898-1902 he was prosecuting 
 attorney of the first judicial circuit of Arkansas. He was a 
 member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the first dis- 
 trict of Arkansas as a democrat for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Helena, Ark. 
 
 26. Oldfield, William A., United States congressman from the 
 second district of Arkansas, was born Feb. 4, 1874, in Franklin, 
 Izard county, Ark. ; was educated in the common schools of 
 the county and at Arkansas college, Batesville, taking the de- 
 gree of A.B. in the latter institution in 1896; is a lawyer by 
 profession; was elected prosecuting attorney in Sept., 1902. 
 and re-elected to the same office in 1904. When war broke out 
 between the United States and Spain, in 1898, he enlisted in 
 Company M, Second regiment Arkansas infantry, as a private; 
 was promoted to first sergeant of trie same company, and later 
 to first lieutenant, and was mustered out with that rank in 
 March, 1899 ; was elected to sixty-first congress from Arkansas 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Batesville, Ark. 
 
 27. Floyd, John Charles, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Arkansas, was born April 14, 1858, in Sparta, 
 White county, Tenn. He received the rudiments of his educa 
 tion in the public schools of Bentonville, Ark.; and in 1879 
 graduated from the university of Arkansas at Fayetteville. In 
 1889 he was a member of the Arkansas state legislature from 
 Marion county ; and in 1890-94 was prosecuting attorney of the 
 fourteenth judicial district. In 1904 he was elected a member 
 of the fifty-ninth congress for the term of 1905-07 from Arkan- 
 sas as a democrat. He has always been prominently identified 
 with the democratic party ; is a prominent citizen of Yelleville. 
 Ark. ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor 
 He was a member of the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the third dis- 
 trict of Arkansas as a democrat for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Yellville, Ark. 
 
 28. Cravens, Ben, United States congressman from the fourth 
 district of Arkansas, was born Jan. 17, 1872, in Fort Smith, Ark. 
 He graduated from the law school of the university of Missouri. 
 For four years he was city attorney of Fort Smith, Ark. ; and 
 for six years was prosecuting attorney of the twelfth judicial 
 district of Arkansas. In 1907-11 he was a representative from 
 the fourth district of Arkansas to the sixtieth and sixty-first 
 congresses as a democrat ; and resides in Fort Smith, Ark. 
 
 29. Reid, Charles Chester, United States congressman from 
 
426 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the fifth district of Arkansas, was born June 15, 1868, in Clarks- 
 ville. Ark. For many years he has practiced law in Conway 
 county, Ark. He was elected to the fifty-seventh, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Arkansas as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the fifth district of Ar- 
 kansas for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Morrillton, Ark. 
 
 30. Robinson, Joseph Taylor, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Arkansas, was born Aug. 26, 1872. He 
 was educated in the common schools and the university of Arkan- 
 sas ; and began the practice of law in 1895. He was elected to the 
 general assembly of the state of Arkansas in 1894 and served 
 in the session of 1895. He was presidential elector for the 
 sixth congressional district of Arkansas in 1900, and selected 
 as electoral messenger. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the sixth district of Arkansas for the 
 term of 1909-11; and resides in Lonoke, Ark. 
 
 31. Wallace, Robert Minor, United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of Arkansas, was born Aug. 6, 1857. in New 
 London. Ark. In 1876 he graduated from Arizona college of 
 Louisiana; and in 1877 was admitted to the bar. In 1881 he 
 was a member of the Arkansas state legislature ; and in 1887-92 
 was postoffice inspector. In 1890-92 he was prosecuting attorney 
 for the thirteenth circuit; and in 1895 was assistant United 
 States attorney at Texarkana. Ark. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of 
 Arkansas for the term of 1009-11; and resides in Magnolia, Ark. 
 
 32. Perkins, George Clement, United States senator from 
 California, was born Aug. 23, 1839, in Kennebunkport, Maine. At 
 the age of twelve years he went to sea on the Golden Eagle as 
 a cabin boy ; followed this calling and that of a sailor for several 
 vears; and in 1855 shipped before the mast on a sailing vessel 
 named Galatea bound for San Francisco, Cal. He engaged in 
 business at Oroville and was very successful as a merchant 
 there. He subsequently engaged in banking, milling, mining, 
 and the steamship business, operating steamships on the coasts 
 of California, Oregon. Washington, British Columbia, Alaska 
 and Mexico. In 1868 he was elected to California state senate, 
 serving eight years. He has been president of the Merchants' 
 exchange in San Francisco. In 1878-83 he was governor of 
 California, serving until January, 1883. Since 1893 he has been 
 a member of the United States senate, and is now serving the 
 term ending in 1915; and resides in Oakland, Cal. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 427 
 
 33. Flint, Frank Putnam, United States senator from Califor- 
 nia, was born July 15, 1862, in North Reading, Mass. In 1869 his 
 parents moved to San Francisco, where he was educated in the 
 public schools ; and in 1888 he moved to Los Angeles. He was 
 appointed assistant United States attorney in 1892; in 1897 was 
 appointed United States district attorney for the southern dis- 
 trict of California. He was elected to the United States senate 
 for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 34. Englebright, William F., United States congressman from 
 the first district of California, was born Nov. 23, 1855, in New 
 Bedford, Mass. At an early age his parents moved to Vallejo, 
 Cal., where in the public schools he received his education ; en- 
 tered the service of the United States at the navy-yard, Mare 
 Island, as a house joiner's apprentice ; entered the civil engi- 
 neer's office, and there completed his studies in engineering. 
 Later he established himself in Nevada City as a mining engi- 
 neer, which profession he was following at the time of his 
 election to the fifty-ninth congress. During the practice of his 
 profession Mr. Englebright has been identified with many of 
 the most important mining enterprises and mining litigations 
 of the state and the United States as well ; is a member of the 
 executive committee of the California State Miners' association ; 
 is an authority upon mining and irrigating problems. He was 
 elected to fill the unexpired term in the fifty-ninth congress and 
 to the sixtieth congress; re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican ; and resides in Nevada City, Cal. 
 
 35. McKinlay, Duncan E., United States congressman from 
 the second district of California, was born Oct. (!, 1862, in Orillia, 
 Ontario, Canada. He learned the trade of carriage painting and 
 worked in Flint, Mich.; at 21 years of age he came to San Fran- 
 cisco and worked at his trade until 1884. In 1901 he was ap- 
 pointed by President McKinley as assistant United States 
 attorney at San Francisco. Fie was elected to the fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congress. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the second district of California for the term of 1909- 
 11; and resides in Santa Rosa, Cal. 
 
 36. Knowland, Joseph Russell, United States congressman 
 from the third district of California, was born Aug. 5, 1873, in 
 Alameda, Cal. He was educated in public and private schools ; 
 and in the university of the PPacific. He is associated with father, 
 Joseph Knowland, in the wholesale lumber and shipping busi- 
 ness ; and is a director and member of the finance committee of 
 the Alameda savings bank and Bank of Alameda. In 1898-1902 
 he was a member of the lower house of the state legislature; 
 
428 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1902-04 was a member of the fifty-eighth congress as a 
 republican to fill a vacancy and a member of the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress frcm the third district of California for the term of 1909- 
 11; and resides in Alameda, Cal. 
 
 37. Kahn, Julius, United States congressman from the fourth 
 district of California, was born Feb. 28, 1861, in Germany. He 
 came to California with nis parents in 1866; was educated in the 
 public schools of San Francisco and after leaving school he fol- 
 lowed the theatrical profession for ten years. He returned to 
 Sa.ra Francisco in 1890 and began studying law; in 1892 was 
 elected to the legislature of the state of California; and in 1894 
 was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of California. He 
 was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the fourth district of California for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 38. Hayes, Everis Anson, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of California, was born March 10, 1855, in Water- 
 loo, Wis. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 town ; and graduated from both the literary and law departments 
 of the state university of Wisconsin ; and has received the degrees 
 of B.L. and LL.B. from that institution of learning. With his 
 brother, J. O. Hayes, he owns the San Jose Daily Mercury and 
 the San Jose Evening Herald ; and has other large interests in 
 San Jose, Cal. He has large mining interests at Ironwood, 
 Mich., and also in the state of California. He was elected to 
 the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from California. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fifth district of 
 California as a republican for the term of 1907-11; and resides 
 in San Jose, Cal. 
 
 39. Needham, James Carson, United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of California, was born Sept. 17, 1864, in Car- 
 son City, Nev., in an emigrant wagon, his parents being at the 
 time en route across the plains to California. His early educa- 
 tion was received in the public schools of California ; graduated 
 at the San Jose high school ; and subsequently took a collegiate 
 course at the university of the Pacific at San Jose, graduating 
 in the year 1886 with the degree of Ph.B. He was elected to the 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the sixth district of California for the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Modesto, Cal. 
 
 40. McLachlan, James, United States congressman from the 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 429 
 
 seventh district of California, was born Aug. 1852, in Scot- 
 land. In 1881-88 he practiced law in Ithaca, N. Y. He then 
 removed 1 to Pasadena, Cal., and there continued the practice of 
 his profession. In 1877 he was elected on the republican ticket 
 to the office of school commissioner of Tompkins county, N. Y., 
 and in 1890 was elected district attorney of Los Angeles county, 
 Cal. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, and a member 
 of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the seventh district of California for the term • f 
 1909-11; and resides in Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 41. Smith, Sylvester Clark, United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of California, was born Aug. 6, 1858, near 
 Mount Pleasant, la. He was educated in the district school and at 
 Howe's academy of Mount Pleasant. He moved to California in 
 the fall of 1879 ; farmed and taught school in Colusa county ; and 
 in 1885 he was admitted to practice law and located at Bakers- 
 field, Cal. In 1886 a numiber of farmers bought a newspaper 
 plant with which to establish a paper to represent their views 
 on a question of water right, which was then engrossing their 
 attention and he was employed to edit the paper, the Kern 
 County Echo. Three years later he bought the paper and con- 
 tinued to edit it till 1897, when he returned to his law practice. 
 He was a member of the state senate in 1894-1902. He was 
 elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the eighth district from 
 California for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Bakersfield, 
 Cal. 
 
 42. Guggenheim, Simon, United States senator from Colo- 
 rado, was born Dec. 30, 1867, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Philadelphia ; then traveled abroad 
 for two years to study French, German and the Spanish Ian 
 guages. Fpr many years he was engaged in mining and smelting 
 interests in Colorado ; and is now a member of the executive 
 committee of the American smelting and refining company. He 
 was offered the nomination for lieutenant-governor and governor 
 of Colorado, both of which he declined. In 1904 he was republi- 
 can presidential elector from Colorado. Since 1907 he has been 
 United States senator from Colorado for term ending 1913 ; and 
 resides in Denver, Col. 
 
 43. Hughes, Charles James, United States senator from Colo- 
 rado, was born Feb. 16, 1853, in Kingston, Caldwell county, Mo., 
 and was graduated from Richmond, Mo., college in 1871. He was 
 a law student at the university of Missouri from 1872 to 1873, and 
 
430 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 received the degree of LL.D. both from the university of Mis- 
 souri and the university of Denver. Sept. 1, 1874, he was mar- 
 ried to Lucy S. Menefee, and began the practice of law in 
 August, 1877, locating in Denver in 1879. In 1888 he was a 
 democratic candidate for presidential elector in Colorado, but 
 was defeated ; was elected a democratic presidential elector in 
 1900, and defeated for the same position in 1904 ; was a delegate 
 to the democratic national conventions of 1904 and 1908. From 
 the beginning of his practice in Colorado, Senator Hughes, 
 while engaging generally in the practice of the law, has given 
 special attention to mining and irrigation litigation. He deliv- 
 ered courses of lectures upon mining and irrigation law at 
 Harvard law school ; has been for many years professor of min- 
 ing law in the law school of the university of Denver. He was 
 the unanimous choice of the state democratic convention, which 
 assembled in Pueblo September, 1908, which nominated him 
 for the position of United States senator to succeed Hon. Henry 
 M. Teller, and was elected by the following legislature. In two 
 preceding state democratic conventions he was tendered the 
 nomination for governor of Colorado, but declined. His term 
 of service will expire March 3, 1915. He is a resident of Den- 
 ver, Col. 
 
 44. Taylor, Edward Thomas, United States congressman-at- 
 large from Colorado, was born June 19, 1858, in Metamora. 
 Woodford county, 111. ; Avas educated in the common schools of 
 Illinois and Kansas; graduated from Leavenworth, Kans., high 
 school in 1881 ; moved to Leadville, Colo., that summer, and 
 during the school year of 1881-82 was principal of the Leadville 
 high school ; that fall entered the law department of the univer- 
 sity of Michigan ; was president of his class, and graduated in 
 1884, receiving the degree of LL.B. ; returned to Leadville and at 
 once began the practice of the law. In the fall of 1884 was 
 elected county superintendent of schools of that (Lake) county; 
 in 1885 was deputv district attorney; in the spring of 1886 
 moved to Aspen, Colo., and in February, 1887, to Glenwood 
 Springs, where he has since resided and practiced his profession. 
 In 1887 was elected district attorney of the ninth judicial dis- 
 trict ; in 1896 was elected state senator for the twenty-first sena- 
 torial district, and re-elected in 1900 and 1904, his twelve years' 
 service ending December, 1908; was president pro tempore of 
 the senate one term, and has the reputation of having been the 
 author of more important laws and constitutional amendments 
 than any person that ever sat in any legislature of any state in 
 the Union during the entire history of this government — over 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 431 
 
 forty general statutes and five separate constitutional amend- 
 ments that were adopted by a general vote of the people ; he 
 also served five terms as city attorney and two terms as county 
 attorney of his home town and county. In 15)08-09 he was presi- 
 dent of the Rocky Mountain Alumni association of the univer- 
 sity of Michigan ; is a Mystic Shriner and an Elk, and has served 
 two terms as eminent commander of the Glenwood commandery 
 of Knights Templar; has been vice-president of the State Bar 
 association ; is vice-president of the state association of the Sons 
 of Colorado ; has presided over many state conventions and 
 other public gatherings; has held a number of prominent posi- 
 tions in the democratic party and been active in public life in 
 Colorado for nearly thirty years. He was from Colorado elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Glen- 
 wood Springs, Col. 
 
 45. Rucker, Atterson Walden, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Colorado, was born April 3, 1847, in Har- 
 rodsburg, Mercer county, Ky. He received his education in the 
 common schools of Kentucky and Missouri ; served four years 
 in the Confederate army ; was admitted to the bar in Lexington, 
 Mo. ; and practiced law in the courts of Missouri and Kansas 
 before moving to Colorado in 1879 ; he served upon the bench 
 (court of record) in Lake county, Col. ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from Colorado for the term of 1909-11 as a demo- 
 crat ; and resides in Rucker Ridge, Col. 
 
 46. Martin, John A., from the second district of Colorado, 
 was born April 10, 1868, in Cincinnati, Ohio ; was educated in the 
 public schools of Mexico and Fulton. Mo. ; is a lawyer by pro- 
 fession ; served one term in the Colorado general assembly ; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in 
 Pueblo, Col. 
 
 47. Bulkeley, Morgan Gardner, United States senator from 
 Connecticut, was born Dec. 26, 1837, in East Haddam, Conn. He 
 was educated in the district schools of his native town and 
 at the Hartford public high school. In 1852 he commenced a 
 business life in Brooklyn, N. Y., and as clerk and partner con- 
 tinued until 1872. In 1862 he enlisted in the thirteenth regi- 
 ment, national guard, state of New York ; and served at Balti- 
 more and Suffolk, Va., under the command of Brig.-Gen. Max 
 Weber. He returned to Hartford in 1872 ; and at once became 
 actively interested in its business and politics ; organized and 
 was the first president of the United States bank ; and in 1879 
 was chosen president of the Aetna life insurance company, or- 
 ganized by his father, the Hon. Eliphalet A. Bulkeley. For four 
 
432 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 terms in 1880-88 he was mayor of the city of Hartford, Conn, 
 was governor in 1886-93. We was elected to the United States 
 senator for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Hartford, Conn. 
 
 48. Brandegee, Frank Bosworth, United States senator from 
 Connecticut, was born July 8, 1864, in New London, Conn. In 
 1885 he graduated from Yale university. Since 1888 he has 
 practiced law in New London, Conn. In 1888 he was a repre- 
 sentative in the Connecticut state legislature ; and in 1889-1902 
 was corporation counsel for New London. In 1904 he was 
 president of the republican state convention. He was a membei 
 of the fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses was re-elected 
 to the fifty-ninth congress from the third district of Connecticut 
 for the term of 1905-07, but resigned to enter the United States 
 senate. Since 1905 he has been a member of the United States 
 senate ; and is now serving the term ending in 1915 ; and re- 
 sides in New London, Conn. 
 
 49. Tilson, John Quillan, United States congressman-at-large 
 from Connecticut, was born April 5, 1866, in Oearbranch, Tenn. ; 
 son of William E. and Katherine (Sams) Tilson; spent his early 
 life on a farm ; educated in public and private schools and Yale 
 college, graduating from the latter in 1891, and from the Yale 
 law school in 1893; began the practice of law in the offices of 
 White and Daggett in New Haven, and! later became a member 
 of the firm of White, Daggett and Tilson. At the outbreak of the 
 Spanish war he was a member of the New Haven Grays, one of 
 the companies of the second regiment, Connecticut national 
 guard ; this regiment, not being designated as a part of Connec- 
 ticut's quota for the war he accepted a commission as second 
 lieutenant in the sixth United States volunteer infantry ; at 
 the close of the Spanish war he immediately returned to the 
 second regiment, Connecticut national guard, and soon rose to 
 the rank of major. In 1904 he was elected a representative in 
 the Connecticut general assembly from the town of New Haven : 
 was re-elected in 1906, and was speaker of the Connecticut 
 house of representatives during the session of 1907 ; was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from Connecticut for the term of 1909- 
 11 as a republican; and resides in New Haven, Conn. 
 
 50. Henry, Edward Stevens, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Connecticut, was born in 1836 in Gill, Mass. 
 He has been mayor of Rockville ; was a representative in the 
 lower house of the Connecticut general assembly of 1883 ; and 
 state senator in 1887-88. He was delegate-at-large to the Chi- 
 cago national republican convention in 1888 ; and treasurer of 
 the state of Connecticut from 1889 to 1893. He was a member 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 433 
 
 of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the first district of Connecticut 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Rockville, Conn. 
 
 51. Sperry, Nehemiah Day, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Connecticut, was born July 10, 1827, in 
 Woodbridge, Conn. He was elected a member of the New Haven 
 common council in 1853 ; in 1854 was elected an alderman of 
 the city; and was selectman in 1853. He was elected secretary 
 of state in 1855 ; and re-elected in 1856. For twenty-eight years 
 he was postmaster of New Haven. He was president of the 
 chamber of commerce of New Haven and was bondman for 
 building the Monitor. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth am! 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the second district of Connecticut for 
 the term of 1909-11; and resides in New Haven, Conn. 
 
 52. Higgins, Edwin Werter, United States congressman from 
 the third district of Connecticut, was born July 2, 1874, in Clin- 
 ton, Conn. In 1897 he graduated from the Yale law school; 
 and has since been engaged in the active practice of law. In 
 1899 he was a representative in the Connecticut state legisla- 
 ture ; has been corporation counsel of Norwich, Conn. ; a deputy 
 judge of the city courts, health officer for the county of New 
 London, Conn. ; prosecuting attorney for the city of Norwich ; 
 a delegate to the republican convention in 1904; and for six 
 years was a member of the Connecticut republican state central 
 committee. He was elected to the fifty-ninth congress to fill a 
 vacancy. He was re-elected to the sixtieth and sixty-first con- 
 gresses from Connecticut for the terms of 1907-11 ; and resides 
 in Norwich, Conn. 
 
 53. Hill, Ebenezer J., United States congressman from the 
 fourth district of Connecticut, was born Aug. 4, 1845, in Redding. 
 Conn. He is president of the Norwalk Gas Light company ; and 
 vice-president of the National bank at Norwalk. He has served 
 twice as burgess of Norwalk ; and twice as chairman of the board 
 of school visitors of Norwalk. He was the fourth district dele- 
 gate to the national republican convention of 1884 ; and was a 
 member of the Connecticut senate in 1886-87. He served one 
 term upon the republican state central committee. He was a 
 member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 Tie was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fourth 
 
434 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 district of Connecticut for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Norwalk, Conn. 
 
 54. Du Pont, Henry Algernon, United States senator from 
 Delaware, was born July 30, 1838, at the Eleutherean Mills, New- 
 castle county, Del. ; was educated at private schools ; entered the 
 university of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1855, where he 
 spent a year in the sophomore and junior classes, leaving the 
 university to enter the United States military academy on July 1. 
 1856. He graduated at the head of his class May 6, 1861; was 
 commissioned second lieutenant, corps of engineers, May 6, 
 1861; first lieutenant, fifth regiment U. S. artillery. May 14. 
 1861 ; served in the defenses of Washington, D. C, on duty 
 with company D, fifth Pennsylvania volunteers, May 8 to July 
 1, 1861, and with his own regiment at Harrisburg, Pa., July 2, 
 
 1861, to April 18, 1862, and at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., April 19, 
 
 1862, to July 4, 1863; acting assistant adjutant-general April. 
 1862, to July, 1863, of troops in New York harbor; adjutant 
 fifth U. S. artillery July 6, 1861, until his promotion as captain, 
 and in command of Light Battery B, fifth U. S. artillery, from 
 its organization, in 1862 ; on detached service from regimental 
 headquarters with battery from July 5, 1863, to March 24, 1864, 
 in the field in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Vir- 
 ginia ; captain, fifth U. S. artillery, March 24, 1864, and in com- 
 mand of Light Battery B of that regiment during Siegel's cam- 
 paign in the valley of Virginia, participating in the battle of 
 Newmarket, May 15, 1864; was chief of artillery, department of 
 West Virginia, from May 24 to July 28, 1864, and commanded 
 the artillery during Hunter's Lynchburg campaign at the battle 
 of Piedmont, June 5, engagement at Lexington, June 11. affair 
 near Lynchburg, June 17, battle of Lynchburg, June 18, and 
 affairs at Liberty, June 19, and Masons Creek, June 21, 1864: 
 chief of artillery, army of West Virginia, July 28, 1864, and 
 served in Sheridan's campaign in the valley of Virginia, com- 
 manding artillery brigade of Crook's corps, taking part in affairs 
 with the enemy at Cedar Creek; transferred to Light Battery 
 F, fifth U. S. artillery, and in command at Camp Williams, near 
 Richmond, Va., October 28, 1866, until June 7, 1867, when he 
 was ordered to the temporary command of Fprt Monroe, Va.. 
 rejoining his battery July 17, 1867, and receiving the thanks of 
 Major-General Schofield, commanding the First Military dis- 
 trict, for "his efficient services at Fortress Monroe ;" command- 
 ing the post of Camp Williams and Light Battery F, fifth U. 
 S. artillery, from July 15, 1867, to October 1, 1868 ; in command 
 of Sedgwick barracks, Washington, D. C, and of Light Battery 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 435 
 
 F, fifth U. S. artillery, October 7, 1868, until July 3, 1870; 
 served at Fort Adamis, Newport, R. I., in command of Light 
 Battery F, fifth U. S. artillery, July 5, 1870, to Jan. 16, 1873, 
 and of the post from July 28 to Sept. 13, 1870, and July 15, 1871, 
 to May 17, 1872. Was made brevet major, U. S. army, Sept. 
 19, 1864, for "gallant and meritorious conduct at the battles of 
 Opequan and Fishers Hill, Va. ;" brevet lieutenant-colonel, U. 
 S. army, Oct. 19, 1864, for "distinguished services at the battle 
 of Cedar Creek," and awarded a congressional medal of honor 
 for "most distinguished gallantry and voluntary exposure to the 
 enemy's fire at a critical moment" during this battle. He re- 
 signed from the army March 1, 1875, and was president and 
 general manager of the Wilmington and Northern railroad com- 
 pany from 1879 to 1899 ; retired from active business a number 
 of years ago and has been chiefly occupied since then in agri- 
 cultural pursuits. He was elected United States senator by the 
 legislature June 13, 1906, to serve the unexpired portion of the 
 term beginning March 4, 1905, receiving 28 votes, to 1 for John 
 Edward Addicks, and 18 for "Blank," cast by Democrats. He 
 took his seat Dec. 3, 1906, and his term of service will expire 
 March 3, 1911 ; and resides in Winterthur, Del. 
 
 55. Richardson, Harry A., United States senator from Dela- 
 ware, was born Jan. 1, 1853, in Camden, Del. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native 
 state ; and attended the academy of East Greenwich, R. I. He then 
 entered the well-known establishment of Richardson and Robin* 
 of Dover, Del., of which his father was senior member. Upon 
 the death of the junior partner, he was taken into partnership by 
 his father; and at the death of his father in 1894 he assumed the 
 entire control of the large canning establishment, which he still 
 manages with the assistance of his two sons. He is president 
 of the First national bank of Dover ; president of the Delaware 
 fire insurance company of Dover; president of the Dover gas- 
 light company; president of the Diamond state telephone com- 
 pany of Dover ; and is a director in the Bell Telephone company 
 of Philadelphia and other corporations. In 1890 he was the 
 republican nominee for governor of Delaware. He is now 
 United States senator from Delaware for the term of 1907-13; 
 and resides in Dover, Del. 
 
 56. Heald, William Henry, United States congressman-at- 
 large from Delaware, was born Aug. 27, 1864, in Wilmington, 
 Del. ; was educated in the public schools of Wilmington, and grad- 
 uated from the high school in that city in 1880 ; the same year 
 entered the sophomore class of Delaware college and graduated 
 
436 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 therefrom in 1883 ; read law with Charles B. Lore, now chief 
 justice of the state; graduated from the law school of Columbia 
 university of Washington, D. C, in 1888, and the same year was 
 appointed national bank examiner for the states of Montana, 
 Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, where he served for four 
 years ; commenced the practice of law in 1897 and is still prac- 
 ticing his profession; was appointed postmaster of Wilming- 
 ton by President Roosevelt in 1901, and served one term ; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides 
 in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 57. Taliaferro, James Piper, United States senator from Flor- 
 ida, was born Sept. 30, 1847, in Orange Court House, Va. He 
 served as private in the confederate army. He engaged in log- 
 ging and sawmill enterprise ; and is now identified with busi- 
 ness interests as vice-president of a leading wholesale grocery 
 house of Jacksonville, Fla. He is president of First national 
 bank of Tampa, Fla. He was elected to the United States sen- 
 ate in 1899; and was re-elected for the term ending in 1911; 
 and resides in Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 58. Fletcher, Duncan Upshaw, United States senator from 
 Florida, was born Jan. 6, 1859, near Americus, Ga. He was edu- 
 cated at Vanderbilt university of Nashville, Tenn. ; and soon at- 
 tained success at the bar of Florida. In 1893 he was a representa- 
 tive in the Florida state legislature ; and in 1893-95 and 1901-03 
 was mayor of Jacksonville, F|la. In 1896-98 he was president of 
 the Jacksonville bar association ; in 1906 became president of the 
 Citizens' bank of Jacksonville ; and in 1900-06 was chairman cf 
 the board of public instruction for Duval county, Fla. He is 
 chairman of the Florida democratic state committee for the 
 term of 1904-08. In 1909 he was elected to the United States 
 senate for the term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Jacksonville, 
 Fla. 
 
 59. Sparkman, Stephen Melancthon, United States congress- 
 man from the first district of Florida, was born July 29, 1849, in 
 Hernando county, Fla. He was educated in the common 
 schools of Florida, and taught school for about three years for 
 the purpose of assisting in his education. He read law under 
 H. L. Mitchell, now governor of Florida, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1872 ; and has since practiced in the courts of the 
 state and the United States. He was state attorney for the sixth 
 judicial circuit in 1878-87 ; was a member of the state and con- 
 gressional committees in 1890-92, when he was elected chairman. 
 He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 437 
 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the first district of Flor- 
 ida for the term of ,1909-11 ; and resides in Tampa, Fla. 
 
 60. Clark, Frank, United States congressman from the second 
 district of Florida, was born March 28, 1860, in Eufaula, Ala. 
 He was educated in the common schools of Alabama and Geor- 
 gia ; in 1884 he removed to Florida and served three terms in 
 the legislature of that state ; was assistant United States attor- 
 ney for the southern district of Florida ; and was chairman of 
 the democratic state committee. He was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the second district of Florida for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Gainesville, Fla. 
 
 61. Mays, Dannitte Hill, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Florida, was born April 28, 1852, in Madison 
 county, Fla. ; attended the country schools and later the Wash- 
 ington and Lee university at Lexington, Va., from 1866 to 1870 ; 
 returning to his home engaged in farming, which has been his 
 life-long occupation ; in 1880 was married to Emmala Bellamy 
 Parkhill ; served three terms in the Florida legislature, and one 
 term as speaker of the house of representatives ; was elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Monticello, 
 Fla. 
 
 62. Bacon, Augustus Octavius, United States senator from 
 Georgia, was born Oct. 20, 1839, in Bryan county, Ga. He was 
 frequently a member of state democratic conventions ; was presi- 
 dent of the state democratic convention in 1880, and was 
 delegate from the state at large to the national democratic con- 
 vention in Chicago in 1884; in 1868 he was elected presidential 
 elector on the democratic ticket ; in 1871 was elected to the 
 Georgia house of representatives, on which body he has served 
 as a member for fourteen years, and during eight years was 
 speaker. He was several times a candidate for the democratic 
 nomination for governor of Georgia ; and was elected to the 
 United States senate as a democrat in 1894. Since 1895 he has 
 been a member to the United States senate and is now serving 
 the term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Macon, Ga. 
 
 63. Clay, Alexander Stephens, United States senator from 
 Georgia, was born Sept. 25, 1863, in Cobb county, Ga. He was 
 elected a member of the city council in 1880 and re-elected in 
 1881 ; and in 1884-85 and 1886-87 represented Cobb county in 
 the general assembly of the state. In the latter term he was 
 elected speaker pro-tempore ; was re-elected for 1889-90, and 
 served as speaker for two years. In 1892 he was elected to the 
 state senate, and served as president of that body for two years. 
 
438 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 In 1894 he was elected chairman of the state democratic execu- 
 tive committee, and conducted the state campaign between the 
 democrats and populists that year, and was re-elected to the 
 same position in 1896, and still occupies the place. Since 189? 
 he has been a member of the United States senate, and is now 
 serving the term of 1909-15; and resides in Marietta, Ga. 
 
 64. Edwards, Charles Gordon, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Georgia, was born July 2, 1878, in Tatt- 
 nall county, Ga., the son of Hon. and Mrs. Thomas J. Edwards, of 
 Daisy, Ga. ; is the fifth of seven sons, all of whom are grown 
 and prosperous in business ; educated in the county schools, 
 Gordon institute, Barnesville, Ga., agricultural college, Lake 
 City, Fla., and the university of Georgia, graduating B.L. from 
 the latter June, 1898 ; has since practiced his profession at Reids- 
 ville and Savannah ; is also engaged in naval stores, farming, 
 and banking; was a member of the Georgia state militia until 
 compelled to retire because of ill health, serving as private, cor- 
 poral, and sergeant of the Savannah volunteer guards, and lieu- 
 tenant of the Oglethorpe light infantry. In 1900 Mr. Edwards 
 was nominated for the state legislature by the democrats and 
 indorsed by the populists of Tattnall county. Ga, ; but not desir- 
 ing to engage in politics he declined the nomination and moved 
 to Savannah ; was elected to the sixtieth congress and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Savan- 
 nah, Ga. 
 
 65. Griggs, James Mathews, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Georgia, was born March 29, 1861, in La- 
 grange, Ga. He moved to Dawson in 1885 ; was elected solici- 
 tor-general of the Patula judicial circuit in 1888, and was re- 
 elected in 1892. He was appointed judge of the same circuit, 
 and was twice re-elected without opposition. He was a member 
 of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the second district of Georgia 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Dawson, Ga. 
 
 66. Hughes, Dudley Mays, United States congressman from 
 the third district, was born Oct. 10, 1848, in Twiggs county, Ga. 
 His youth was passed on his father's plantation, his education be- 
 ing received in the country schools and later at the university of 
 Georgia, at Athens. He began business life in 1870 and has since 
 conducted large agricultural interests ; Nov. 25, 1873, married 
 Mary Frances, daughter of Capt. Hugh L. Dennard, and has 
 three children — two sons and one daughter ; was elected state 
 senator, serving one term, retiring voluntarily ; was elected presi- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 439 
 
 dent of the Georgia state agricultural society, serving four years 
 with great ability, declining re-election ; was commissioner-gen- 
 eral of Georgia to the world's fair at St. Louis; for twenty 
 years has been connected with the educational interests of his 
 state, being trustee of his home school, of the state normal in- 
 stitute, and of the university of Georgia ; as a farmer, and not 
 a practical railroad man, he led in the construction of the Macon, 
 Dublin and Savannah railroad, a line running from Macon to 
 Dublin, which was built after years of effort ; was elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat; and resides in Danville, Ga. 
 67. Adamson, William Charles, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Georgia, was born Aug. 13, 1854, in 
 Bowdon, Ga. He spent his youth alternately in working on the 
 farm and in hauling goods and cotton between Atlanta and Bow- 
 don ; took the collegiate course at Bowdoin college, graduating 
 with the degree of A.B. in 1874, the degree of A.M. being conferred 
 a few years later by the same institution. He was admitted to 
 the bar October, 1876, and has lived at Carrollton, Ga., ever 
 since. He was judge of the city court of Carrollton from 1885 
 to 1899, and was attorney for the city of Carrollton for a num- 
 ber of years ; and was presidential elector in 1892. He was a 
 member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the fourth district of 
 Georgia for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Carrollton, Ga. 
 
 68. Livingston, Leonidas Felix, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Georgia, was born April 3, 1832, in New- 
 ton county, Ga. He was a private soldier in the confederate army 
 in 1861-65. He was for two terms a member of the house of 
 representatives; and one term a member of the state senate. 
 He was vice-president of the Georgia state agricultural society 
 for eleven years ; and president of the same for four years. He 
 was president of the Georgia alliance for three years. He was 
 a member of the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the fifth district of Georgia for the term of 1909- 
 11- and resides in Covington, Ga. 
 
 '69. Bartlett, Charles Lafayette, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Georgia, was born Jan. 31, 1853, in Mon- 
 ticello, Jasper county, Ga. ; removed from Monticello to Macon, 
 Ga., in 1875, and has resided in Macon since then ; was educated 
 in the schools at Monticello, the university of Georgia, and the 
 university of Virginia; graduated at the university of Georgia 
 
440 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 in August, 1870 ; studied law at the university of Virginia and 
 was admitted to the bar in August, 1872; was appointed solici- 
 tor-general (prosecuting attorney) for the Macon judicial court 
 Jan. 31, 1877, and served in that capacity until Jan. 31, 1881; 
 was elected to the house of representatives of Georgia in 1882 
 and 1883, and again in 1884 and 1885, and to the state senate in 
 1888 and 1889, from the twenty-second senatorial district ; was 
 elected judge of the superior court of the Macon circuit Jan. 1, 
 1893, and resigned that office May 1, 1894; was nominated by 
 the democrats as a candidate for congress, and was elected to 
 the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Macon, Ga. 
 
 70. Lee, Gordon, United States congressman from the sev- 
 enth district of Georgia, was born May 29, 1859, near Ringgold, 
 Ga. He graduated from Emery college of Oxford, Ga. He is a 
 farmer and manufacturer. He served as a member of the house 
 of representatives of the state legislature in 1894-95 ; and in the 
 senate in 1892. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the seventh district of Georgia for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 71. Howard, William Marcellus, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Georgia, was born Dec. 6, 1857, in Ber- 
 wick City, La. In 1884-96 was solicitor-general of the northern 
 judicial circuit of Georgia. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the eighth district of Georgia for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Lexington, Ga. 
 
 72. Bell, Thomas Montgomery, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Georgia, was born in 1861 in Georgia. 
 He is prominently identified with the business and public affairs 
 of Gainesville, Ga. ; and in 1904 was elected a member of the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Gainesville, 
 Ga. 
 
 73. Hardwick, Thomas William, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Georgia, was born Dec. 9, 1872, at Thom- 
 asville, Ga. He attended college first at Gordon institute of 
 Barnesville, Ga. ; and later at Mercer university of Macon, Ga. 
 He graduated from Lumpkin law school of university of Georgia 
 in 1893 with the degree of B.L. In 1895-97 he was prosecuting 
 attorney for Washington county ; and in 1898-1903 was a mem- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 441 
 
 ber of the Georgia house of representatives. In 1900-01 he was 
 captain of company D, sixth regiment infantry Georgia state 
 troops. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Georgia as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth district of 
 Georgia for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Sandersville, Ga. 
 
 74. Brantley, William Gordon, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of Georgia, was born Sept. 18, 1860, in 
 Blackshear, Ga. He represented Pierce county in the Georgia 
 house of representatives in 1884-85 ; and represented third sena- 
 torial district in Georgia senate in 1886-87. In 1888-96 he was 
 solicitor-general of Brunswick circuit in 1888 for a term of four 
 years, and re-elected in 1892 for another term of four years. He 
 was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the eleventh dis- 
 trict of Georgia for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Bruns- 
 wick, Ga. 
 
 75. Heyburn, Weldon Brinton, United States senator from 
 Idaho, was born May 23, 1852, in Delaware county, Pa. He re- 
 ceived a thorough academic education; and also studied under 
 private tutors. He studied law and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1876; and has continuously practiced his profession since 
 that time. In 1883 he settled in Shoshone county, Idaho; and 
 has always supported the republican party. In 1888-1892 and 
 1900 he was a delegate to the republican national conventions; 
 and in 1898 was the nominee of the republican party for con- 
 gress. He was defeated as a member of the fifty-eighth con- 
 gress from Idaho by the combination of silver republicans, 
 democrats and populists. He is a member of the republican 
 national committee for Idaho for the term of 1904-08. Since 
 1903 he has been a member of the United States senate from 
 Idaho as a republican ; and was re-elected for the term ending 
 in 1915; and resides in Wallace, Idaho. 
 
 76. Borah, William Edgar, United States senator from Idaho, 
 born June 29, 1865, in Wayne county, 111. ; was educated in the 
 common schools of Wayne county, at the Southern Illinois 
 academy, Enfield, 111., and at the Kansas state university, Law- 
 rence ; was admitted to practice law September, 1890, at Lyons, 
 Kans., and devoted his entire time since exclusively to practice 
 of the law until elected to the United States senate Jan. 15, 1907. 
 His term of service will expire March 3, 1913. He is a resident 
 of Boise, Idaho. 
 
 77. Hamer, Thomas Ray, United States congressman-at- 
 
442 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 large from Idaho, was born May 4, 1864, in Vermont, 111. He was 
 elected to the state legislature of Idaho from Fremont county. 
 During the Spanish-American war he raised a company of in- 
 fantry, and was commissioned captain. While serving in the 
 Philippine Islands he was appointed provost judge in Manila. 
 He was wounded at the battle of Coloocan ; was commissioned 
 lieutenant-colonel; and became military governor of the island 
 of Cebu. In 1909-11 he was a representative from Idaho to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in St. Anthony, 
 Idaho. 
 
 78. Cullom, Shelby Moore, United States senator from Illi- 
 nois, was born Nov. 22, 1829, in Wayne county, Ky. He was 
 elected city attorney of Springfield ; was elected a representative 
 in the state legislature in 1856 ; was again elected to the legisla- 
 ture in 1860, and was chosen speaker. He was elected as repre- 
 sentative from state of Illinois to the thirty-ninth and forty-first 
 congresses. He was again elected to the lower house of the 
 state legislature in 1872, and again chosen speaker; was re- 
 elected in 1874 ; and in 1876 was elected governor of Illinois for 
 the term of four years, and was re-elected in 1880. Since 1883 
 he has been a member of the United States senate and is now 
 serving the term of 1907-13; and resides in Springfield, Ills. 
 
 79. Lorimer, William, United States senator from Illinois, 
 was born April 27, 1861, in England. He was superintendent of 
 the main water extension of the city of Chicago under Mayor 
 Roche; and superintendent of the water department under 
 Mayor Washburne. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty- 
 fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congresses from the sixth district of Illinois for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Chicago, Ills. 
 
 80. Madden, Martin B., United States congressman from the 
 first district of Illinois, was born March 20, 1855. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools and business colleges; was member 
 of the Chicago city council in 1889-97 ; presiding officer of that 
 body in 1891-93; and chairman of the finance committee in 1892- 
 97. He was chairman of the republican state convention in 
 1896 ; and delegate to the national conventions of 1896 and 1900. 
 He is president of the Western Stone company of Chicago ; and 
 a director of the Metropolitan trust and savings bank of Chi- 
 cago. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the first dis- 
 trict cf Illinois for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Chicago, 
 111. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 443 
 
 81. Mann, James R., United States congressman from the 
 second district of Illinois, was born Oct. 20, 1856, in Bloomington, 
 111. He was elected alderman from the thirty-second ward to the 
 Chicago city council and re-elected in 1894; in the Chicago 
 city council for three years; and was chairman of the judiciary 
 committee. In 1894 he was the temporary chairman of the 
 republican state convention, and in 1895 was the chairman of 
 the Cook county republican convention. In 1892-96 he was 
 a master in chancery of the superior court of Cook county. In 
 1895 he was elected by the South Park commissioners of Chi- 
 cago as general attorney for the park board. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the second district of 
 Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 82. Wilson, William Warfield, United States congressman 
 from the third district of Illinois, was born March 2, 1869, in Bu- 
 reau county, 111. He received a literary, commercial and legal edu- 
 cation ; and in 1893 was admitted to the bar. He was a member 
 of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses for Illi- 
 nois as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gresses from the third district of Illinois for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Chicago, Ills. 
 
 83. McDermott, James T., United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of Illinois, was born Feb. 13, 1872, in Grand 
 Rapids, Mich. He was educated at the St. Andrew parochial 
 school. By profession he is a telegraph operator; and for many 
 years was connected with the Western Union and Postal tele- 
 graph companies. In 1893-1906 he was in the telegraph office 
 of Nelson Morris and company of Chicago, 111. He is the pro- 
 prietor of a cigar store in Chicago ; and prominently identified 
 with the business and public affairs of his community. He was 
 elected a member of the sixtieth congress from the fourth dis- 
 trict of Illinois ; and was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 84. Sabath, Adolph Joseph, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Illinois, was born April 4, 1866, in Bohemia. 
 In 1889 he was admitted to the bar of Chicago, 111. In 1895 ho 
 was appointed justice of the peace; and in 1897 became police 
 justice. He was elected to the sixtieth congress from the fifth 
 district of Illinois; and was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 for term ending in 1909-11; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 85. Vacant. Sixth district of Illinois. 
 
 86. Lundin, Frederick, United States congressman from the 
 
444 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 seventh district of Illinois, was born May 18, 1868, in the parish 
 of West Tollstad, province of Ostergotland, Sweden. He was 
 educated in the public schools; is president of Lundin and Co., 
 manufacturing chemists. From 1894 to 1898 he was a member 
 of the state senate of Illinois; was elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a republican ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 87. Gallagher, Thomas, United States congressman from the 
 eighth district of Illinois, was born in 1850, in Concord, N.H. 
 He moved to Chicago, 111.; and was educated in the public 
 schools. He learned the trade of iron moulder; and in 1878 he 
 entered the hat business; and has since been a dealer in hats. 
 He is a director of the Cook county state savings bank; and 
 was twice elected a member of the Chicago city council. For 
 six years he was a member of the board of education ; has 
 served as president of the county democracy; and as chairman 
 of the county central committee. In 1909-11 he was a represen- 
 tative from Illinois to the sixty-first congress as a democrat; 
 and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 88. Boutell, Henry Sherman, United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Illlinois was born March 14, 1856, in Boston, 
 Mass. He was graduated from the Northwestern university 
 in 1874 ; and while there he won the oratorical prize every year. 
 Next he went to Harvard and was graduated in 1876, and was 
 given the degree of A.M. in civil and international law. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1879 ; and in 1884 he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Illinois state legislature. He was a member of the 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the ninth district of Illinois for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 89. Foss, George Edmund, United States congressman from 
 the tenth district of Illinois, was born July 2, 1863, in Berk- 
 shire, Vt. He began the practice of law in Chicago. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth dis- 
 trict of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 90. Snapp, Howard Malcolm, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of Illinois, was born Sept. 27, 1855, 
 in Joliet, 111. He was educated in the public schools, with 
 three years at the Chicago university. He was a delegate to 
 the national republican convention of 1896 ; and was master in 
 chancery from 1884 to 1903. He was a member of the fifty- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 445 
 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Illinois as a 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the eleventh district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Joliet, 111. 
 
 91. Fuller, Charles E., United States congressman from the 
 twelfth district of Illinois, was born March 31, 1849, in Flora, 
 111., As a lawyer he has rilled the positions of city attorney o/ 
 Belvidere, 111., and state's attorney of Boone county. For six years 
 he served as a representative in the general assembly of Illinois ; 
 and eight years as state senator. In 1897-1903 he was judge of 
 the circuit court of Illinois. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the twelfth dis- 
 trict of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Belvidere, 
 111. 
 
 92. Lowden, Frank Orren, United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of Illinois was born January 26, 1861, 
 at Sunrise City, Minn. ; was educated in the public schools 
 of Iowa and at the Iowa State University, graduating from that 
 insttiution with the degree of A. B. in June, 1885; in 1887 was 
 graduated from the Union College of Law, Chicago, with the 
 degree of LL. B. ; practiced law in Chicago until July 1, 1903 ; 
 since then has been a farmer and stock breeder ; married Miss 
 Florence Pullman, of Chicago, April 29, 1895; became a mem- 
 ber of the Republican national comimittee from Illinois in 1904, 
 and was a member of the executive committee during the cam- 
 paign to that year, assigned to western headquarters in Chicago ; 
 was elected November 6, 1906, to fill a vacancy in the fifty-ninth 
 congress and to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty - 
 first congress, as a republican and resides in Oregon, 111. 
 
 93. McKinney, James, United States congressman from the 
 fourteenth district of Illinois was born April 14, 1852, at Oqu- 
 awga, 111., the son of John McKinney, one of the earliest settlers 
 of western Illinois ; was educated in the public schools and 
 Monmouth College, graduating from the latter in 1874, and re- 
 ceiving the degree of A.M., several years later. Upon leaving 
 college he joined his father in business, and upon the death of 
 the latter was elected president of the Aledo bank. In 1894 
 Mr. McKinney became a member of the Republican state com- 
 mittee, serving twelve years, until 1906 ; in 1900 he was chair- 
 man of the executive committee of that body, and in the cam- 
 paign of 1904 was a member of the managing committee, having 
 direct charge of the Presidential campaign in Illinois ; was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Yates in 1901 a member of the State rail- 
 
446 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 road and warehouse commission, but resigned in 1902 ; in Octo- 
 ber, 1908, was elected president of the Illinois Bankers' Asso- 
 ciation ; was elected to the fifty-ninth congress at a special 
 election held November 7, 1905, to fill a vacancy and elected to 
 the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican ;and resides in Aledo, 111. 
 
 94. Prince, George W., United States congressman from the 
 fifteenth district of Illinois, was born March 4, 1854, in Tazewell 
 county, 111. He was a member of the lower house of the gen- 
 eral assembly of Illinois in 1888-94. He was elected to the 
 fifty-fourth congress at a special election held in 1895, to fill 
 vacancy; and was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from the 
 fifteenth district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Galesburg, 111. 
 
 95. Graff, Joseph Verdi, United States congressman from 
 the sixteenth district of Illinois, was born July 1, 1854, in 
 Terre Haute, Ind. He moved to Illinois; and was a delegate- 
 to the national republican convention at Minneapolis in 1892. 
 He has engaged in the practice of law ever since his admission 
 to the bar. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the sixteenth district of Illinois for the term of 1909- 
 21 ; and resides in Peoria, 111. 
 
 96. Sterling, John A., United States congressman from the 
 seventeenth district of Illinois, was born Feb. 1, 1857, near Leroy, 
 111. He attended the public schools ; and took the classical course 
 at the Illinois Wesleyan university. He was superintendent of 
 the public schools of Lexington for two years ; and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1884. He was state's attorney of McLean county in 
 1892-96; and a member-at-large of the republican state central 
 committee of Illinois in 1896-98. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Illinois as a re- 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 seventeenth district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Bloomington, 111. 
 
 97. Cannon, Joseph G., United States congressman from the 
 eighteenth district of Illinois, was born May 7, 1836, in Guilford. 
 N. C. He was state's attorney in Illinois from 1861 to 1868 ; and 
 was elected to the forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty- 
 sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, 
 fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a re- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 441 
 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 eighteenth district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Danville, 111. 
 
 98. McKinley, William Brown, United States congressman 
 from the nineteenth district of Illinois, was born Sept. 5, 1856, in 
 Petersburg, 111. He was educated in the common schools ; and 
 studied two years in the university of Illinois. He has been prin- 
 cipally engaged in building electrical railroads ; and is president 
 of the Illinois traction company. He was a member of the board 
 of trustees of the university of Illinois. He was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the nineteenth district of Illinois as a 
 republican for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Champaign, 111. 
 
 99. Rainey, Henry T., United States congressman from the 
 twentieth district of Illinois, was born Aug. 20, 1860, in Carroll- 
 ton, 111. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 town, at Knox academy and Knox college, Galesburg, 111., and at 
 Amherst college, Massachusetts. During the earlier part of his 
 career as a lawyer he was master in chancery in Greene county, 
 111., for six years, resigning that position in order to attend to hi*-, 
 increasing law practice. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Illinois as a democrat. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the twentieth 
 district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Carroll 
 ton, 111. 
 
 100. Graham, James M., United States congressman from the 
 twenty-first district of Illinois, was born April 14, 1852, in Ire- 
 land ; came to Sangamon county, 111., in 1868; when of age began 
 teaching in the public schools of Champaign county. 111., and con- 
 tinued teaching for about seven years ; while teaching began the 
 study of law under Hon. William A. Day, then of Champaign, 
 afterwards second auditor of the treasury under President Cleve- 
 land, and finished reading under Judge James A. Creighton, of 
 Springfield; was admitted to the bar in 1885; was elected and 
 served one term as a member of the house of representatives in 
 the thirty-fourth general assembly of Illinois for the twenty- 
 ninth district, and was elected to the office of state's attorney of 
 Sangamon county in 1892, serving four years ; since then Mr. 
 Graham has given his entire time to the practice of law ; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from Illinois as a democrat, and 
 resides in Springfield, 111. 
 
 101. Rodenberg, William A., United States congressman 
 from the twenty-second district of Illinois, was born Oct. 30, 
 1865, in Chester, 111. In 1896 he was a delegate to national re- 
 
448 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 publican convention. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and the sixtieth congresses from Illinois as a 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the twenty-second district of Illinois for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in East St. Louis, 111. 
 
 102. Foster, Martin D., United States congressman from the 
 twenty-third district of Illinois, was born Sept. 3, 1861, on a farm 
 near West Salem, Edwards county, 111. He attended the public 
 schools in the winter and worked on the farm in the summer, and 
 later attended Eureka college at Eureka, 111. ; began the study of 
 medicine in the Eclectic medical institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 graduating in 1882, also graduating from the Hahnemann medical 
 college at Chicago, 111., in 1894, and began the practice of medi- 
 cine in Olney, 111., in 1882; was a member of the board of United 
 States examining surgeons from 1885 to 1889, and from 1893 to 
 1897. He was elected mayor of Olney in 1895 and again in 1902. 
 He was elected to the sixtieth congress ; re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a democrat for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Olney, 111. 
 
 103. Chapman, Pleasant Thomas, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-fourth district of Illinois, was born Oct. 8, 1854, 
 in Johnson county, Va. In 1877 he was elected superintendent of 
 the Johnson county schools, and re-appointed for a short time in 
 1881. In 1882 he was elected county judge ; and in 1890-94 was 
 a member of the Illinois state senate. He was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the twenty-fourth district of Illinois for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Vienna, 111. 
 
 104. Thistlewood, Napoleon B., United States congressman 
 from the twenty-fifth district of Illinois, was born March 30, 1837, 
 in Kent county, Del. ; was raised on a farm and educated in the 
 public schools of that state ; moved to Illinois in 1858 ; enlisted in 
 the union army in 1862, and carried a musket for more than two 
 years ; was commissioned by Governor Richard Yates Sept. 24, 
 1864, as captain of company C, ninety-eighth Illinois infantry; 
 served in the army of the Cumberland, in Wilder's brigade; was 
 engaged in the battles of Stone River, Tallahoma, Chickamauga, 
 Farmington, Tenn., Mission Ridge, and the Atlanta campaign ; 
 served with Wilson's cavalry corps and was wounded at Selma, 
 Ala., April 2, 1865 ; was mayor of Cairo from 1879 to 1883, and 
 again from 1897 to 1901 ; was elected to the sixtieth congress to 
 fill a vacancy ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republi- 
 can ; and resides in Cairo, 111. 
 
 105. Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah, United States senator from 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 449 
 
 Indiana, was born Oct. 6, 1862, on an Ohio farm on the borders 
 of Adams and Highland counties. He practiced law ; and attained 
 note as an orator and republican campaign speaker. He began 
 life as a plow-boy at the age of twelve ; was a railroad laborer at 
 the age of fourteen ; a logger and teamster at the age of fifteen ; 
 and then attended high school. He read law and subsequently 
 became identified with many important law cases. He is the 
 author of The Young Man and the World. Since 1899 he has 
 been a member of the United States senate, and is now serving 
 his second term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 106. Shively, Benjamin F., United States senator from Indi- 
 ana, was born March 20, 1857, in St. Joseph county, Ind.; was 
 educated in the common schools of his county and at the Valpa- 
 raiso university of Indiana and the university of Michigan ; taught 
 school from 1874 to 1880, after which he engaged in journalism ; 
 is the president of the board of trustees of Indiana university ; in 
 1884 was elected a representative to the short term of the forty- 
 eighth congress to fill a vacancy ; was elected a representative in 
 the fiftieth, fifty-first and fifty-second congresses ; declined a re- 
 nomination in 1892 ; was the democratic nominee for governor of 
 Indiana in 1896 ; received the complimentary vote of the demo- 
 crats in the general assembly for United States senator in 1903 
 and 1905 ; was elected to the United States senate in January, 
 1909. His term of service will expire March 3, 1915; and resides 
 in South Bend, Ind. 
 
 107. Boehne, John W., United States congressman from the 
 first district of Indiana, was born October 28, 1856, in Vander- 
 burg county, Ind. ; was reared on a farm ; attended the dis- 
 trict public school and the German parochial school of the 
 Lutheran Church; later attended business college; at the age 
 of 16 he became a resident of Evansville ; later became an ac- 
 countant ; since 1881 has been a manufacturer of stoves and 
 ranges ; is also interested in other manufacturing enterprises. 
 In 1897 he was elected councilman at large, and re-elected in 
 1899; in 1901 was nominated for mayor, but declared not elected 
 by 82 votes ; in 1905 was again a candidate for mayor and was 
 elected by a majority of 1,590; was serving his third year as 
 mayor when nominated for congress ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first Congress, as a democrat ; and resides in Evansville, Ind. 
 
 108. Cullop, William A., United States congressman from 
 the second district of Indiana, was born on a farm in Knox 
 County, Ind., March 28, 1853 ; attended the common schools 
 until prepared for college ; entered Hanover College in Septem- 
 ber, 1874, and was graduated therefrom in June, 1878 ; received 
 
450 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the degree of A. M. in 1883 ; taught for two years in the Viti- 
 cennes University ; then studied law and was duly admitted to 
 practice at Vincennes, Ind., in June, 1880, and began practice 
 at once. Was prosecuting attorney of the twelfth judicial cir- 
 cuit from 1883 to 1886 ; was a member of the Indiana legislature 
 1891 and 1893; at the later session was chairman of the ways 
 and means committee of the house, and leader of his party on 
 the floor; was a delegate to the democratic national conventions 
 of 1892 and 1896 ; in 1892 was the Indiana member of the com- 
 mittee to notify Cleveland and Stevenson of their nomination; 
 in 1900 was a candidate for elector on the Democratic ticket; 
 in 1904 was chairman of the committee on resolutions at the 
 Indiana democratic state convention, and reported the platform 
 to the convention; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a 
 democrat; and resides in Vincennes, Ind. 
 
 109. Cox, William Elijah, United States congressman from 
 the third district of Indiana, was born in Dubois County, Ind., 
 September 6, 1865 ; is a graduate of the Lebanon University, of 
 Lebanon, Tenn., and of the law department of the University 
 of Michigan, Ann Arbor; is an attorney at law, admitted as such 
 on the 10th day of July, 1889 ; served as prosecuting attorney of 
 his judicial district from 1892 to 1898 ; was elected to the six- 
 tieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress, as a 
 democrat; and resides in Jasper, Ind. 
 
 110. Dixon, Lincoln, United States congressman from the 
 fourth district of Indiana, was born Feb. 9, 1860, in Vernon, 
 Ind. In 1880 he graduated from the Indiana state university. 
 In 1884-92 he was prosecuting attorney; and for many years 
 was a member of the democratic state committee. He was elect- 
 ed to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the fourth district of Indiana 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in North Vernon, Ind. 
 
 111. Moss, Ralph W., United States congressman from the 
 fifth district of Indiana, was born at Center Point, Clay County, 
 Ind., April 21, 1862; secured his education in the common schools 
 6f the township, with two years additional work in Purdue Uni- 
 versity ; is a farmer ; his parents were poor, and he has actively 
 engaged in the labor of cultivating his farm ; was elected to 
 the Indiana state senate in 1904, serving four years ; was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Center 
 
 Point, Ind. 
 
 112. Barnard, William O., United States senator from the 
 sixth district of Indiana, was born in Union County, Ind., Octo- 
 ber 25, 1852; grew up on a farm; was educated in the com- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 451 
 
 mon schools and at Spiceland Academy; taught school for five 
 years ; was elected prosecuting attorney in 1886, 1888, and 
 1890 ; elected judge of the Fifty-third judicial circuit of Indiana 
 in 1896, and served six years; was elected to the sixty-first 
 congress, as a republican ; and resides in Newcastle, Ind. 
 
 113. Korbly, Charles A., United States senator from the 
 seventh district of Indiana, was born March 24, 1871, in Madi- 
 son, Ind. ; attended the parochial school at that place until 14 
 years old ; then studied law with his father, the late Charles A. 
 Korbly; attended St. Joseph College, near Effingham, 111., for 
 two terms ; was a reporter and editor of the Madison Herald for 
 three years, then moved to Indianapolis and resumed the study 
 of law ; has never before held office ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first Congress, as a democrat; and resides in Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 114. Adair, John A. M., United States congressman from the 
 eighth district of Indiana, was born Dec. 22, 1863, in Portland, 
 Ind. He was educated at the high schools of Portland, Ind. He 
 has been city clerk of Portland, Ind.; and in 1902-03 a repre- 
 sentative in the Indiana state legislature. He is a successful 
 banker; president of the First National bank of Portland, Ind. 
 and prominently identified with the business of public affairs of 
 this city, county and state. He was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress from the eighth district of Indiana ; and was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress for term ending 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Portland, Ind. 
 
 115. Morrison, Martin Andrew, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Indiana, was bom at Frankfort, Ind., 
 April 15, 1862 ; was educated in the public schools of that city, 
 graduating from its high school in June, 1878 ; graduated from 
 Butler University in June, 1883, receiving the degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts ; in June, 1886, graduated from the University of Vir- 
 ginia ; receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws ; from Butler 
 University, in June, 1887 ; received the degree of Master of 
 Arts ; has been engaged in the practice of law since 1886 ; served 
 two terms as county attornev and one term as a meirber of the 
 school board of the city of Frankfort ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first Congress, as a democrat;; and resides in Frankfort. Ind. 
 
 116. Crumpacker, Edgar Dean, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Indiana, was born May 27, 1S61, in 
 Laporte county. Ind. He was prosecuting attorney for ihe 
 thirty-first judicial district of Indiana from 1884 to 1888. served 
 as appellate judge in the state of Indiana in 1891-93. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re- 
 
452 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth district of Indi- 
 ana for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Valparaiso, Ind. 
 
 117. Rauch, George Washington, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of Indiana, son of Philip and Marthn 
 Rauch, was born near Warren, Huntington county, Ind., Feb. 
 22, 1876; was educated in the common school and at the Val- 
 pariso academy and Northern Indiana Law School ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1902, and began the practice of law at Mar- 
 ion, Ind. ; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat; and resides in Marion, 
 Ind. 
 
 118. Cline, Cyrus, United States congressman from the 
 twelfth district of Indiana, was born in Richland County, Ohio, 
 July 12, 1856, the son of Michael and Barbara Cline ; his parents 
 moved very early to Steuben County, Ind., where he has resided 
 ever since. He was educated in the Angola high school and 
 Hillsdale College, Mich., graduating in the scientific course in 
 1876, receiving the Master's degree in 1878; was elected super- 
 intendent of schools of Steuben county in 1877, and remained ii 
 that work till 1883; in 1884 began the practice of law, continu- 
 ing in the practice to this time. Mr. Cline also engaged in the 
 banking business in connection with several other gentlemen, 
 who organized the First National Bank of Angola in Novem- 
 ber, 1903; at that time Mr. Cline was elected as its president, 
 and has continued in that capacity ever since. He was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Angola, 
 Ind. 
 
 119. Barnhart, Henry A., United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of Indiana, was born near Twelve Mile, 
 a village in Cass County, Ind., the son of a German Baptist (or 
 Dunkard) minister. He was educated in the common schools.. 
 Amboy Academy, and Wabash Normal Training School ; taught 
 school in Cass county several terms and soon after moved to 
 Fulton county. He was elected county surveyor, and a year 
 later purchased the Rochester Sentinel and has been its pub- 
 lisher and editor ever since. Mr. Barnhart has been president 
 and manager of the Rochester Telephone Company, and presi- 
 dent of the National Telephone Association, holding that posi- 
 tion for two years; was a director of the Northern Prison at 
 Michigan city for three years ; a trustee of the hospital for the 
 insane at Longcliff for seven years, and looks after the interests 
 of a farm in Fulton county. He is married and has two sons 
 and a foster daughter. He was elected to fill a vacancy in the 
 sixtieth congress, as a democrat; and resides in Rochester, Ind. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 453 
 
 120. Dolliver, Jonathan Prentiss, United States senator from 
 Iowa, was born Feb. 6, 1858, in Kingswood, Va. He was a 
 member of the fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh congresses as a republican. He was 
 elected to the United States senate in 1901 ; and in 1907 was re- 
 elected for the term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Fort Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 121. Cummins, Albert Baird, United States senator from 
 Iowa, was born Feb. 15, 1850, in Carmichaels, Pa. He received 
 an academic education at Waynesburg, Pa. He settled in the 
 practice of law at Des Moines, Iowa; and in 1896-1902 was a 
 member of the republican national committee. In 1902-08 he 
 was governor of the state of Iowa. In 1908 he was elected to 
 the United States senate to fill a vacancy ; and in 1909 was re- 
 elected for the term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Des Moines, 
 Iowa. 
 
 122. Kennedy, Charles A., United States congressman from 
 the first district of Iowa, was born at Montrose, Iowa, March 
 24, 1869 ; his parents were both natives of Ireland ; in 1890 he 
 was elected mayor of his native town, which office he filled for 
 four years ; in 1903 he was elected a member of the Iowa legis- 
 lature, serving in that position two terms ; is an agriculturist, 
 being a member of the firm of Kennedy Brothers, nurserymen ; 
 was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress, as a republican ; and resides in Montrose, Iowa. 
 
 123. Dawson, Albert Foster, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Iowa, was born Jan. 26, 1878, in Sprague- 
 ville, Iowa. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 state ; and graduated from the university of Wisconsin. For 
 several years he was editor and publisher of the Preston Ad- 
 vance; and later became city editor of the Clinton Herald of 
 Iowa. For several years he was private secretary to Congress- 
 man Curtis and to Senator Allison of Iowa. He was elected 
 to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 congress from the second district of Iowa and was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first for term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Preston, Iowa. 
 
 124. Pickett, Charles Edgar, United States congressman from 
 the third district of Waterloo, was born in Van Buren county, 
 Iowa, Jan. 14, 1S66 ; graduated from collegiate department of 
 the State university in 1"888 and from the law in 1890, and has 
 since been engaged in the practice of his profession ; was a 
 regent of the State university from 1896 to 1909; elected to the 
 
454 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sixty-first congress as a republican; and resides in Waterloo, 
 Iowa. 
 
 125. Haugen, Gilbert N., United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of Iowa, was born April 21, 1859, in Rock 
 county, Wis. He was elected to the Iowa state legislature, 
 serving in the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth general assemblies. 
 In 1890 he was one of the organizers of the Northwood banking 
 company, now operating banking institutions in Northwood and 
 Kensett, Iowa, of which concern he is president. He was a 
 member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Iowa as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fourth district 
 of Iowa for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Northwood. 
 Iowa. , 
 
 126. Good, James William, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Iowa, was born Sept. 24, 1866, in Linn county, 
 Iowa. He was educated in the district schools of his native 
 county ; attended Coe college and the university of Michigan ; in 
 1892 graduating from Coe college ; and in 1893 graduating from 
 the university of Michigan. He attained success in the practice 
 of law; and became city attorney for Cedar Rapids, la. In 1909- 
 11 he was a representative from Iowa to the sixty-first congress- 
 es as a republican ; and resides in Cedar Rapidfe, Iowa. 
 
 127. Kendall, Nathan E„ United States congressman from 
 sixth district of Iowa, was born at Greenville, Lucas county, 
 Iowa, March 17, 1868; has no education except that acquired in 
 the rural schools of that county ; is lawyer by profession ; served 
 two terms in 1893-1897 as county attorney of Mcnroe county, 
 Iowa, and five terms in 1899-1909 as representative from Monroe 
 county in the general assembly cf Iowa, the last term, as speak- 
 er of the house; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a re- 
 publican ; and resides in. Albia, Iowa. 
 
 128. Hull, John Albert Tiffin, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Iowa, was born May 1841, in Sabina. 
 Ohio. He enlisted in the twenty-third Iowa infantry in 1862 ; and 
 was first lieutenant and captain. He was secretary of the Iowa 
 state senate in 1872-84. He was lieutenant-governor in 1885- 
 89. He was a member of the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the six- 
 ty-first congress from the seventh district of Iowa for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in DesMoines, Iowa. 
 
 129. Jamieson, William D., United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of Iowa, is a newspaper publisher and editor; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 453 
 
 served in the State senate of Iowa; was elected to the sixty-first 
 congress in 1909 as a democrat; and resides in Shenandoah, 
 Iowa. 
 
 130. Smith, Walter Inglewood, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Iowa, was born July 10, 1862, in Coun- 
 cil Bluffs, Iowa. He practiced law in Council Bluffs, Iowa. In 
 1890-1900 he was judge of the fifteenth judicial district of Iowa. 
 He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Iowa as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the ninth dis- 
 trict of Iowa for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Council 
 Bluffs, Iowa. 
 
 131. Woods, Frank P., United States congressman from the 
 tenth district of Iowa, was born Dec. 11, 1868, in Walworth 
 county, Wis., where he attended the public schools, afterwards 
 finishing his education at the Northern Indiana normal school at 
 Valparaiso ; in 1887 moved to Iowa ; in 1906 and 1907 was chair- 
 man of the republican state central committee ; was elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Esther- 
 ville, Iowa. 
 
 132. Hubbard, Elbert Hamilton, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of Iowa, was born Aug. 19, 1849, in 
 Rushville, Ind. He was a member of congress from the fourth 
 district of Iowa, 1862-1869 ; graduated from Yale college in the 
 class of 1872, and is a lawyer. He served as a member of the 
 house of representatives nineteenth generaly assembly of Iowa, 
 and of the senate in the twenty-seventh and twenty-eig^hth gen- 
 eral assemblies. He was elected! to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the eleventh district of Iowa for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Sioux City, Iowa. 
 
 133. Curtis, Charles, United States senator from Kansas, 
 was born Jan. 25, I860, in North Topeka, Kan. He was elected 
 county attorney of Shawnee county in 1884 for a term of two 
 years and was re-elected in 1886. He was a member of the fifty- 
 third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Kansas as a republican. 
 He is United States senator from Kansas for the term of 1907- 
 13 ; and resides in Topeka, Kan. 
 
 134. Bristow, Joseph Little, United States senator from 
 Kansas, was born July 22, 1861, in Wolfe county, Ky. In 1886 
 he was graduated from Baker university at Baldwin, Kan. In 
 1886-90 he was clerk of the district court for Douglass county, 
 Kan. In 1890-95 he owned and edited the Daily Republican of 
 
456 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Salina, Kan. ; and in 1895 bought the Ottawa Herald of Kansas. 
 In 1895-97 he was private secretary to the governor of Kansas. 
 In 1897-1905 he was fourth assistant postmaster-general ; and he 
 had charge of the re-organization of the Cuban postal service. 
 In 1905 he was appointed special Panama railroad commissioner. 
 In 1903 he again purchased the Salina Daily Republican-Journal. 
 In 1909 he became United States senator from Kansas for the 
 term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Salina, Kan. 
 
 135. Anthony, Daniel Read, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Kansas, was born Aug. 22, 1870, in 
 ■Leavenworth, Kan. He studied at the Michigan military acad- 
 emy and at the university of Michigan ; and was admitted to the 
 bar. He has always been engaged in practical newspaper work ; 
 and succeeded to the management of the Leavenworth Daily 
 Times upon the death in 1904 of his father, Colonel Daniel R. 
 Anthony. In 1903-05 he was mayor of Leavenworth, Kan. In 
 1907-11 he was a representative from Kansas to the sixtieth and 
 sixty-first congresses as a republican; and resides in Leaven- 
 worth, Kan. 
 
 136. Scott, Charles Frederick, United States congressman 
 from the second district of Kansas, was born Sept. 7, 1860, 
 near Ioia, Kan. Hie received the rudiments of his education in 
 .the common schools of his native county, and at the Kansas state 
 university. Since 1882 he has been the owner and editor of The 
 Register of lola, Kan. In 1891 he w r as appointed a member of 
 the board of regents of the state university, to which position 
 he has been twice re-appointed ; was president of the Kansas 
 state editorial association in 1893 ; president of the Kansas state 
 republican league in 1895 ; and a candidate for presidential elector 
 in 1896. In 1892-96 he was a member of the Kansas state senate. 
 He was elected to the fifty-ninth congress at large. He was 
 elected to the sixtieth congress from Kansas ; and was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress for term ending 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in lola, Kan. 
 
 137. Campbell, Philip Pitt, United States congressman from 
 the third district of Kansas, was born in Nova Scotia. When 
 four years old he removed with his parents to Kansas ; and ha-3 
 resided there ever since. He graduated A. B. from Baker uni- 
 versity. He was a member of the fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Kansas as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the third district of Kan- 
 sas for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Pittsburg, Kan. 
 
 138. Miller, James Monroe, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of Kansas, was born in Three Springs, Pa. In 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 457 
 
 1880-S2 and 1884-88 he was attorney for Morris county, Kan. 
 In 1894 he was a member of the Kansas legislature. He was a 
 member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from Kansas as a republican. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fourth district of 
 Kansas for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Council Grove, 
 Kan. 
 
 139. Calderhead, William Alexander, United States congress- 
 man from the fifth district of Kansas, was born in Perry county, 
 Ohio, Sept. 26, 1844; received his education in the common 
 schools and from his father, Rev. E. B. Calderhead, a minister 
 of the United Presbyterian church ; spent the winter of 1861-62 
 in the preparatory department of Franklin college, New Athens, 
 Ohio; enlisted in Aug. 1862, as a private in Company H, one- 
 hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio infantry; was transferred to 
 Company D, Ninth Veteran Reserves, for disability incurred in 
 the service, and discharged June 27, 1865; spent two years re- 
 covering health, then one session at school; went to Kansas in 
 the fall of 1868 and engaged in farming; in 1872 settled on a 
 homestead near Newton, Harvey county, Kans. ; taught school 
 one year in Newton ; read law and was admitted in 1875 ; went 
 to Atchison, Kans., during that year and spent four years there 
 reading law and teaching country schools during the winters; 
 settled in Marysville in Nov. 1879, and engaged in the general 
 practice of law ; was elected county attorney in the fall of 1888 
 and served two years ; was for several years clerk of the board 
 of education of the city; was elected to the fifty-fourth, fifty- 
 sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, and sixtieth con- 
 gresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; 
 and resides in Marysville, Kan. 
 
 140. Reeder, William Augustus, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Kansas, was born Aug. 28, 1849, in 
 Cumberland county, Pa. Until 1880 he taught school ; and since 
 then has been a banker. He owns one of the largest irrigation 
 farms in Kansas. He was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Kansas as a 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the sixth district of Kansas for the term of 1909-11; and re- 
 sides in Logan, Kan. 
 
 141. Madison, Edmond H., United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of Kansas, was born at Plymouth, 111. Dec. 
 18, 1865 ; was educated in the common schools of Illinois, and 
 at the age of 18 years began teaching school ; in 1885 moved to 
 Wichita. Kans., and began study of law and was admitted to 
 practice in 1888 ; in the same year was elected county attorney 
 
458 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Fprd county, Kans., and served two terms ; was appointed 
 judge of the thirty-first judicial district of Kansas, Jan. 1, 1900, 
 which position he held until Sept. 17, 1906, when he resigned to 
 become a candidate for congress ; was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republi- 
 can ; and resides in Dodge City, Kan. 
 
 142. Murdock. Victor, United States congressman from the 
 eighth district of Kansas, was born March 18, 1871, in Burlin- 
 game, Kan. He moved to the frontier town of Wichita early in 
 1872, and was educated in the common schools and in Lewis 
 academy, Wichita. He began the printer's trade during vaca- 
 tions, became a newspaper reporter at 15, and at 20 moved to 
 Chicago and worked there as a newspaper reporter. In 1894 he 
 became managing editor of the Wichita Daily Eagle. He was 
 elected to the fifty-eighth congress at a special election and was 
 a member of the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of 
 Kansas for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Wichita, Kan. 
 
 143. Paynter, Thomas H., United States senator from Ken- 
 tucky, was born Dec. 9, 1851, in Lewis county, Ky. In 1876-82 
 he was attorney for Greenup county, Ky. ; and in 1889-95 was a 
 member of congress. In 1904-07 he was associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of appeals for Kentucky. He is now United 
 States senator from Kentucky for the term of 1907-13 ; and re- 
 sides in Greenup, Ky. 
 
 144. Bradley, William O'Connell, United States senator, from 
 Kentucky, was born March 18, 1847, near Lancaster, Ky. In 
 i865 he began the practice of law; and in 1872 was presidential 
 elector. He Avas a delegate at large to the republican national 
 conventions of 1880, 1884, 1888. 1892, 1900 and 1904. In 1889 he 
 was appointed minister to Korea, but declined. In 1895 he was 
 governor of Kentucky. He is now United States senator for the 
 term ending 1913 ; and resides in Beechmont, Ky. 
 
 145. James, Ollie M., United States congressman from the 
 first district of Kentucky, was born July 27, 1871, in Crittenden 
 county, Ky. He was one of the attorneys for Governor Goebel 
 in his celebrated contest for governor of Kentucky. In 1896 
 and 1904 he was a delegate to the democratic national conven- 
 tions. He was a member of the fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Kentucky as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress for term ending in 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Marion, Ky. 
 
 146. Stanley, Augustus Owsley, United States congressman 
 from, the second district of Kentucky, was born May 21, 1867, 
 in Shelbyville, Ky. He was educated at the State college of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 150 
 
 Lexington, Ky., and at Centre college of Danville, Ky. In 
 1889-94 he was professor of belleslettres in Christian college 
 ;;nd was principal of Marion academy. He was one of the 
 presidential electors in 1900. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Kentucky as a 
 democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the second district of Kentucky for the termi of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Henderson, Ky. 
 
 147. Thomas, Robert Young, United States congressman frcm 
 the third district of Kentucky, was born in Logan county, 
 Ky. ; was educated at Bethel college, Russellville, Ky. ; received 
 the degrees of A. B. and A. M. ; is a lawyer bv profession; 
 was a member of the State legislature in 1886; wa; 
 elected commonwealth's attorney for the seventh judicial dis- 
 trict, which office he held when nominated for Congress ; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress, as a democrat ; and resides in 
 Central city, Ky. 
 
 148. Johnson, Ben, United States congressman from the 
 fourth district of Kentucky, was born near Bardstown, Nelson 
 county, Ky., May 20, 185S ; graduated from St. Mary's college. 
 Marion county, Ky., in June, 1878, with the degree of A. M. ; 
 graduated from the Louisville Law University in 1882 ; was 
 elected speaker in December of that year; was appointed col- 
 lector of internal revenue for the fifth Kentucky district in July, 
 1893, and served four years ; was chairman of the democratic 
 state campaign committee, 1908 ; on November 5, 1905. was 
 elected a member of the Kentucky state senate, but resigned 
 November 5, 19<W; was elected to the sixtieth congress and re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat for the term 
 of 1909-11; and resides in Bardstown, Ky. 
 
 149. Sherley, Swagar, United States congressman from the 
 fifth district of Kentucky, was born Nov. 28, 1871, in Louis- 
 ville, Ky. He graduated from the Louisville male high school in 
 1889; studied law at the university of Virginia, and was admit- 
 ted to the practice of law 1891. He was elected to the fifty- 
 eighth. fift?y-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the fifth district of Kentucky for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Louisville, Ky. 
 
 150. Rhinock, Joseph Lafayette, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Kentucky, was born Jan. 4, 1863, in 
 Owenton, Ky. He received his education in the Covington pub- 
 lic schools. He has served in the city council of Covington; and 
 was twice elected as chief executive of that city, serving as mayor 
 in 1893-1900. He was organizer and first president of the 
 Jefferson democratic club, of Covington, now the largest and 
 
460 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 most influential political club in the state of Kentucky, and he 
 is at present the executive head of this organization. When a 
 Carnegie library was proposed for the city, he took the matter 
 in charge, and it was through his efforts that the present hand- 
 some $100,000 edifice was secured ; and is the present president 
 of the public library board in Covington. He was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth, and sixtieth congresses. He was elected to the six- 
 ty-first congress from the sixth district of Kentucky for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Covington, Ky. 
 
 151. Cantrill, James Campbell, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Kentucky, was born at Georgetown, 
 Scott county, Ky., July 9, 1870 ; was educated at Georgetown 
 (Ky.) college; in 1895 was elected chairman of the Scott county 
 democratic committee ; in 1897 elected a member of the Ken- 
 tucky house of representatives and re-elected in 1899 ; in 1901 
 was elected a member of the Kentucky senate from the Twenty- 
 second senatorial district ; in 1904 was elected chairman of the 
 joint caucus of the Kentucky legislature ; in 1904 was nominated 
 at Lexington for congress, but declined the nomination although 
 the nomination was equivalent to election ; the same year he 
 was elected a delegate to the Democratic national convention ; 
 in 1906 Mr. Cantrill became active in the work of organizing the 
 tobacco growers of Kentucky, and for several years past has 
 given almost his entire time to this work ; Jan. 1908 he was 
 elected president of the American Society of Equity for Ken- 
 tucky, an organization for the co-operation of farmers in secur- 
 ing more profitable prices for their products ; was elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat; and resides in Georgetown, 
 Ky." 
 
 152. Helm, Harvey, United States congressman from the 
 eighth district of Kentucky, was born at Danville, Boyle county, 
 Ky. ; is not married ; attended school at the Stanford Male Acad- 
 emy, and graduated from the Central university of Kentucky, 
 with the degree of A. B. ; was admitted to the practice of law in 
 April, 1893 ; elected a member of the house of representatives 
 in 1893 ; served as such in the general assembly of Kentucky, 
 session of 1894 ; elected county attorney of Lincoln county in 
 1897 for the term of four years, and re-elected in 1900 ; was dele- 
 gate from the eighth district to the Democratic national conven- 
 tion at Kansas City in 1900 ; was elected to the sixtieth congress 
 and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat; and re- 
 sides in Stanford, Ky. 
 
 153. Bennett, Joseph Bentley, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Kentucky, was born April 1, 1859, in 
 Greenup county, Ky. For a while he taught in the public 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 46J 
 
 schools of his native county; and in 1878 was admitted to the bar. 
 In 1894 he became county judge for Greenup county, Ky. He 
 was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from the 
 ninth district of Kentucky. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Greenup, Ky. 
 
 154. Langley, John Wesley, United States congressman from 
 the tenth district of Kentucky, was born in Floyd county, Ky. ; 
 received his early education in the common schools, in which 
 he was a teacher for three years ; attended the law departments 
 of the National, Georgetown, and Columbian (now George 
 Washington) universities for an aggregate period of eight years 
 and was awarded the first prize in two of them ; had conferred 
 on him the degrees of bachelor of laws, master of laws, doctor 
 of the civil law, and master of diplomacy; was a clerk in the 
 Pension Office, a member of the board of pension appeals, and 
 disbursing and appointment clerk of the Census Office ; served 
 two terms in the Kentucky legislature, receiving at his second 
 term the caucus nomination of his party (the minority) for 
 speaker of the house ; was twice a delegate from Kentucky to 
 the Republican national convention ; was elected to the sixtieth 
 Congress ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in 
 Spurlock, Ky. 
 
 155. Edwards, Don Calvin, United States congressman from 
 the eleventh district of Kentucky, was born July 13, 1861, in 
 Appanoose county, Iowa. He was educated in the common 
 schools of Iowa and Kansas, and the university of Holton, Kan. 
 In 1892 he located in Laurel county, Ky. ; and is engaged in 
 manufacturing and the wholesale lumber business. He was 
 clerk and master commissioner of the Laurel circuit court in 
 1898-1903. In 1905-11 he was a representative from Kentucky 
 to the fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses; and resides 
 in London, Ky. 
 
 156. McEnery, Samuel Douglas, United States senator from 
 Louisiana, was born May 28, 1837, in Monroe, La. He entered 
 the confederate army in 1861 ; and served throughout the war. 
 After its close he entered upon the practice of law in Monroe, 
 La. In 1879 he was elected lieutenant-governor of the state ; 
 and bv the death of Governor Wilt? in 1881 became governor 
 of Louisiana. In 1883-87 he was elected governor for the full 
 term of four years. In 1888 he was appointed as associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme court. Since 1897 he has been a member 
 of the United States senate, and is now serving the term of 
 1915 ; and resides in New Orleans, La. 
 
 157. Foster, Murphy J., United States senator from Louisiana, 
 was born Jan. 12, 1849, in Franklin, La. He attended the law 
 
462 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 school of Tulane university of New Orleans, graduating in 1871. 
 In 1879 he was elected a member of the senate of the state of 
 Louisiana under the constitution of that year, and was returned 
 for three consecutive terms of four years each ; was elected 
 president protempore of the senate in 1888-1890. In 1892-1900 
 he was governor of Louisiana. He was elected to the United 
 States senate in 1901 ; and was re-elected for the term, ending 
 in 1913 ; and resides in Franklin, La. 
 
 158. Estopinal, Albert, United States congressman from the 
 first district of Louisiana, was born Jan. 30, 1845, in St. Ber- 
 nard parish; and in 1876-80 he was a member of the Louisiana 
 house of representatives ; and in 1880-1900 was a member of the 
 state senate. In 1899 he was a member of the state senate. In 
 1899 he was a member of the Louisiana constitutional conven- 
 tion. In 1900-04 he was lieutenant-governor of Louisiana. In 
 1862-65 he served in the civil war. In 1907-11 he was a repre- 
 sentative from Louisiana to the sixtieth and sixty-first congress- 
 es as a democrat term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides in St. Bern- 
 ard, La. 
 
 159. Bennett, Joseph Bentley, United States congressman 
 from the second district of Kentucky, was born April 21, 1859, 
 in Greenup county, Ky. For a while he taught in the public 
 schools of his native county; and in 1878 was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1894 he became county judge for Greenup county, Ky. 
 He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 the ninth district of Kentucky. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Greenup. 
 
 Ky. 
 
 160. Broussard, Robert F., United States congressman from 
 the third district of Louisiana, was born Aug. 17, 1864, in Iberia, 
 La. He became the nominee of the anti-lottery wing of the dem- 
 ocratic party for the district attorneyship of the nineteenth judi- 
 cial district of Louisiana, to which position he was elected at the 
 state election of 1892, he being the only one of that wing of the 
 democratic party elected in the district at that election. In 189-i 
 he was unanimously renominated to the same position by the 
 democratic party and re-elected at the election of that year. He 
 was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth ; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the third district 
 of Louisiana for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in New Iberia, 
 La. 
 
 161. Watkins, John Thomas, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of Louisiana, was born at Minden, La., Jan. 
 15, 1854 ; was educated in the public schools of his native town, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 463 
 
 and spent three years at Cumberland university, Lebanon, Tenn. ; 
 was compelled to leave six weeks before graduation because of 
 serious illness, failing to procure a diploma, but receiving a cer- 
 tificate for faithful attendance and proficiency in all his stud- 
 ies and having been elected valedictorian of his society; studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar July, 1878 ; was elected district 
 judge in 1892 and re-elected in 1896 and 1900, his last term ex- 
 piring Dec. 8, 1904 ; was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides 
 in Minden, La. 
 
 162. Ransdell, Joseph Eugene, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Louisiana, was born Oct. 7, 1858, in 
 Alexandria, La. He was educated in the public schools of Alex- 
 andria and graduated at Union college. Since 1S83 he has been 
 engaged in the active practice of law. In 1884-96 he was attor- 
 ney of the eighth judicial district of Louisiana. He was a mem- 
 ber of the state constitution convention of Louisiana in 1898 
 which framed a new constitution for the state. He was elected to 
 the fifty-sixth congress to fill a vacancy, and was a member of 
 the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth; fifty-ninth; and sixtieth congress- 
 es from Louisiana as a democrat. He was re-elected to the six- 
 ty-first congress from the fifth district of Louisiana for the term 
 of 1909-11 and resides in Lake Providence, La. 
 
 163. Wickliffe, Robert C, United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of Louisiana, was born at Bardstown, Ky., 
 May 1, 1874, while his parents were on a visit to relatives in 
 that State. He is the son of the late Robert C. WicklifTe, and 
 was reared at his father's home in the parish of West Feliciana, 
 La. He was educated in the public schools of St. Francisville, 
 La., whence he entered Center college, Danville, Ky., from 
 which institution he was graduated in 1895 with the degree of 
 B. S. He then entered the law department of Tulane univer- 
 sity, New Orleans, La., graduating in 1897. Returning to his 
 home in West Feliciana he began the practice of his profession 
 at St. Francisville, in that parish. In 1898 he was elected to 
 represent the parish of West Feliciana in the constitutional con- 
 vention of that year which framed the present constitution of 
 Louisiana. Upon the adjournment of that body in May, 1898. 
 he enlisted as a private in Company E., First Louisiana Volun- 
 teer Infantry, serving during the Spanish-American war. He 
 was mustered out of the service with his regiment in Oct. 1898, 
 and returned to West Feliciana and resumed the practice of his 
 profession. In 1900 he was elected district attorney of the twen- 
 ty-fourth judicial district of Louisiana, and after serving out his 
 term continued to practice his profession, Mr. WicklifTe was 
 
464 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 married April 20, 1903, to Miss Lydia W. Cooke, of Louisville, 
 Ky. In 1908 he became a candidate in the democratic primaries 
 for the nomination for congress from the sixth district of Louisi- 
 ana, held under the new primary election law of Louisiana, and 
 received the nomination in the second runoff, and was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress; and resides in St. Francisville, La. 
 
 164. Pujo, Arsene Paulin, United States congressman from the 
 seventh district of Louisiana, was born Dec. 16, 1861, near Lake 
 Charles, La. He was educated at the public and private schools 
 of Lake Charles ; and since 1886 has followed the law as a pro- 
 fession. He was a member of the Louisiana constitutional con- 
 vention of 1898. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from Louisiana as a democrat. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh dis- 
 trict of Louisiana for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Lake 
 Charles, La. 
 
 165. Hale, Eugene, United States senator from Maine, was 
 born June 9, 1836, in Turner, Maine. For several years he was 
 attorney for Hancock county, Maine. In 1866-68 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Maine state legislature, serving two years. In 1868 he 
 was elected a representative from Maine to the forty-first con- 
 gress, and was re-elected to the forty-second, forty-third and 
 forty-fourth congresses. He was re-elected to the forty-fifth con- 
 gress. Since 1881 he has been a member of the United States 
 senate; his present term ending in 1911; and resides in Ells- 
 worth, Maine. 
 
 166. Frye, William Pierce, United States senator from Maine, 
 was born Sept. 2, 1831, in Lewiston, Maine. He served three 
 terms as a member of the state legislature during 1861-67 ; was 
 mayor of the city of Lewiston in 1866-67 ; and was attorney- 
 general of the state of Maine during 1867-69. In 1864 he was a 
 presidential elector ; and was a delegate to the national repub- 
 lican conventions of 1872, 1876, and 1880. He was a member of 
 the forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-sixth, and forty- 
 seventh congresses as a republican. In 1881 he was elected to 
 the United States senate to fill a vacancy. Since 1881 he has 
 been a member of the United States senate ; his present term 
 ending in 1911 ; and resides in Lewiston, Me. 
 
 167. Allen, Amos Lawrence, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Maine, was born March 17, 1837, in Water- 
 borough, Maine. He was admitted to the bar of York county in 
 1866; served as clerk in treasury department for about three 
 years ; was elected clerk of the courts for York county in 1870 
 and re-elected three times and served twelve years; in 1883-84 
 was clerk of the judiciary committee in the house of representa- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 465 
 
 tives; and a special examiner under the pension bureau for a 
 vear in 1884-85. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Maine as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first, congress from the first dis- 
 trict of Maine for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Alfred, Me. 
 
 168. Swasey, John Philip, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Maine, was born Sept. 4, 13?9, in Cantor.. 
 Me. ; received his education in the Canton public schools, Dear- 
 born academy, Hebron academy, Maine state seminary, and 
 Tufts college, entering the latter institution in the class of 1862 
 In his junior year he enlisted in the Union army, and was ap- 
 pointed first lieutenant in company K, seventeenth Maine Regi- 
 ment He was admitted to the bar in 1863; was assessor of 
 internal revenue 1869-70; was a member of the Maine house of 
 representatives in 1874 and of the senate the following years; 
 in 1883-4 was a member of Governor Robie's council ; in the ad- 
 ministration of President McKinley was appointed a member of 
 the board of visitors to the Naval academy at Annapolis ; re- 
 ceived the honorary degree of A. M. from Tufts university in 
 1902 ; was elected, unanimously, to fill a vacancy in the sixtieth 
 congress caused by the resignation of Hon. Charles E. Little- 
 field ; and to the sitxy-first congress ; and resides in Canton, Me. 
 
 169. Burleigh, Edwin C. United States congressman from the 
 third district of Maine, was born Nov. 27, 1843, in Linneus, 
 Maine. In 1885-89 he was treasurer of the state of Maine ; and in 
 1889-95 was governor of Maine. He was a member of the fifty- 
 fifth, fifty-sixth, fiifty-seventh, fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the third district of Maine for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Augusta, Me. 
 
 170. Guernsey, Frank Edward, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Maine, was born Oct. 15, 1866, in 
 Dover, Maine. He educated in the common schools, Foxcrofl 
 academy of eastern Maine, Conference seminary at Bucksporr, 
 Maine Wesleyan seminary at Kents Hill, and the Eastman busi- 
 ness college at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In 1890 he was admitted 
 to the practice of law; and in 1890-96 was treasurer of Piscata- 
 quis county, Maine. In 1897-99 he was a member of the Maine 
 house of representatives ; and in 1903 was a member of the 
 Maine state senate. He is president of the Piscataquis savings 
 bank at Dover, Maine. In 1908-11 he was a representative from 
 Maine. In 1908-11 he was a representative from Maine to the 
 sixtieth congress to fill a vacancy and to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican ; and resides in Dover, Me. 
 
 171. Rayner, Isidor, United States senator of Maryland, was 
 
466 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 born April 11, 1850, in Baltimore, Md. He was educated at the 
 university of Maryland and the university of Virginia. In 1878- 
 80 he was a member of the Maryland legislature and in 1885 he 
 was elected to the state senate for four years. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-second ; and fifty-third congresses. In 1899- 
 1903 he was attorney-general for Maryland. He was elected to 
 the United States senate for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 172. Smith, John Walter, United States senator from Mary- 
 land, was born in that town Feb. 5, 1845. His ancestors were 
 among the first settlers of that part of the State, and his paternal 
 grandfather, Judge William Whittington, was one of the early 
 circuit judges of Maryland. His father, John Walter Smith, and 
 his mother both died before he was 5 years old. He was educat- 
 ed at private schools and at Union academy, and began his busi- 
 ness career at the age of 18 years. He is engaged in the lum- 
 ber business in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina ; is 
 president of the First National Bank of Snow Hill, and is direc- 
 tor in many business and financial institutions. He was elected 
 to represent Worcester County in the senate of Maryland in 
 1889, and was successively re-elected in 1893 and 1897 ; was 
 president of the State senate during the session of 1891- ; was 
 nominated and elected to congress from the First congressional 
 district of Maryland in 1898 ; was elected governor of Maryland 
 by over 12,000 plurality in 1899 ; served as governor from 1900 
 to 1904 ; was a delegate at large to the Democratic national con- 
 vention held at Kansas city in 1900 and also to the St. Louis 
 convention in 1904 ; was nominated by direct vote of the mem- 
 bers of the Democratic party of Maryland on November 5, 1907, 
 by a plurality of 17,931, at the first primary, election held in his 
 State for United States senator, to serve the term beginning 
 March 4, 1909, and was thereafter elected United States senator 
 for that term by the general assembly of the State Jan. 15, 1908. 
 He was elected United States senator at the same session of the 
 Maryland legislature on March 24 to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the death of Hon. William Pinkney Whyte for the unexpired 
 term ending March 3, 1909. His term of service will expire 
 March 3, 1915 ; and resides in Snow Hill, Md. 
 
 173. Covington, James Harry, United States congressman 
 from his first district of Maryland, was born May 3, 1870, and 
 has always resided at Easton, Talbot county, Md. ; received an 
 academic education in the public schools of Talbot county and 
 at the Maryland Military academy ; entered the law department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania in 1891, attended at the same 
 time some special lectures in history, literature, and economics, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 467 
 
 and graduated with a degree of LL.B. in 1894; since that time 
 has continuously practiced his profession at Easton ; was the 
 democratic nominee for state senator for Talbot county in 1901, 
 but while running ahead of his legislative associates on the same 
 ticket was defeated ; in 1903 was elected state's attorney for Tal- 
 bot county for a term of four years, and was re-elected in 1907 ; 
 was elected to the sixty-first congress; and resides in Easton, 
 Md. 
 
 174. Talbott, Joshua Frederick C, United States congress- 
 man from the second district of Maryland, was born July 29, 
 1843, in Baltimore, Md. In 1871-75 he was prosecuting attorney 
 for Baltimore county, Md. He was a member from Maryland 
 to the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth congresses and was 
 a member of the fifty-third and fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the second district of Maryland for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Towson, Md. 
 
 175. Kronmiller, John, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Maryland, was born in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 
 6, about 1858 ; was educated in private and public schools ; is 
 a merchant and manufacturer ; served one term of two years 
 in the first branch of the city council of Baltimore ; was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a republican; and resides in Bal- 
 timore, Md. 
 
 176. Gill, John, United States congressman from the fourth 
 district of Maryland, was born June 9, 1850, in Canton, Mass 
 He was educated at the Hampden-Sidney college of Virginia; 
 and at the Maryland university. Since 1871 he has practiced law 
 in Baltimore, Md. He was one of the legal advisers of the city 
 of Baltimore; and has been police commissioner. In 1874-77 he 
 was a member of the Maryland house of delegates ; and in 
 1882-84 and in 1904-06 he was a member of the Maryland state 
 senate. In 1905-11 he was a representative from Maryland to 
 the fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a demo- 
 crate; and resides in Baltimore, Md. 
 
 177. Mudd, Sydney Emanuel, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Maryland, was born Feb. 12, 1858, in 
 Charles county, Md. He was elected to the Maryland state house 
 of delegates in 1879 and re-elected in 1881. He was a member 
 of the fifty-first congress. In 1895 he was elected to the Mary- 
 land state house of delegates, and was speaker of that body. He 
 was delegate to the national republican convention in 1896. He 
 was a member of the fifty-first, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a 
 
468 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the fifth district of Maryland for the term of 1909-11; and re- 
 sides in Laplata, Md. 
 
 178. Pearre, George Alexander, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Maryland, was born July 1(5, 1800, in 
 Cumberland, Md. In 1890 he was elected to the state senate 
 of Maryland. In 1887 he became a member of the Maryland na- 
 tional guard; and in 1889 was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. 
 He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Maryland as a repub- 
 lican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 sixth district of Maryland for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Cumberland, Md. 
 
 179. Lodge, Henry Cabot, United States senator from Massa- 
 chusetts, was born May 12, 1850, in Boston, Mass. He received 
 his education at private schools; graduated from Harvard college 
 in 1871 ; and from the Harvard law school in 1874. He served 
 two terms as a member of the house of representatives of the 
 Massachusetts legislature ; and was a member of the fiftieth, fifty- 
 first, fifty-second and fifty-third congresses. He was elected to 
 the senate to succeed Henry L Dawes; resigned his seat in the 
 house and took his seat in the senate March 4, 1893. He is the 
 author of Essay on Anglo-Saxon Land Law ; Life and Letters of 
 Georgia Cabot ; Short History of the English Colonies in Amer- 
 ica; Lives of Washington, Webster, Hamilton; Studies in His- 
 tory ; Historical and Political Essays ; Speeeches ; History of 
 Boston ; and Hero Tales from American History. Since 1893 he 
 has been a member of the United States senate ; and his present 
 term ending in 1911 ; and resides in Nahant, Mass. 
 
 180. Crane, Winthrop Murray, United States senator from 
 Massachusetts, was born April 23, 1853, in Dalton, Mass. He 
 was educated at Williston seminary of Easthampton, Mass.; 
 and is a paper manufacturer. Hie was a delegate-at-large to the 
 republican national committee in 1892, 1896 and 1904; was lieu- 
 tenant-governor of Massachusetts, 1897-1899, and governor in 
 1900-1902. He was appointed to the United States senate in 
 1904 to fill the vacancy, and took his seat Dec. 6. He was elect- 
 ed by the legislature in 1905 to fill out the term which will ex- 
 pire in 1907. He is a member of the republican national con- 
 vention for Massachusetts for the term of 1904-08 He was re- 
 elected to the United States senate for the term of 1907-13 ; and 
 resides in Dalton, Mass. 
 
 181. Lawrence, George Pelton, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Massachusetts, was born May 19, 1859, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 460 
 
 in Adams, Mass. In 1885-97 was a member of Massachusetts 
 state senate. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Massachusetts as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the district of Massachusetts for the 
 term of 1909-11; and resides in North Adams, Mass. 
 
 182. Gillett, Frederick Huntington, United States congress- 
 man from the second district of Massachusetts, was born Oct. 
 16, 1851, in Westfield, Mass. He graduated at Amherst college 
 in 1874 and at Harvard law school in 1877; and was admitted 
 to the bar in Springfield in 1877. He was assistant attorney- 
 general of Massachusetts in 1879-82. He was a member of the 
 Massachusetts house of representatives in 1890-91. He was a 
 member of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fif- 
 ty-seventh, fifty-eighth; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the second district of Massachusetts for the term of 1909-11; 
 and resides in Springfield, Mass. 
 
 183. Washburn, Charles Grenfill, United States congressman 
 from the third district of Massachusetts, was born in Worcester. 
 Mass., Jan. 28, 1857 ; was graduated from the Worcester Poly- 
 technic institute in 1875 and from Harvard university in 1880; 
 admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1887 ; was for several years an 
 executive officer in the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, of Worcester, and has been connected with various other 
 manufacturing enterprises ; was a member of the Massachusetts 
 house of representatives in 1897-98, and of the Massachusetts 
 senate in 1899-1900; in 1902 was a member of a committee to 
 revise the corporation laws of Massachusetts; delegates to the 
 Republican national convention at Chicago in 1904. He was 
 elected to fill out an unexpired term in the Fifty-ninth Congress, 
 and to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress; and resides in Worcester, Mass. 
 
 184. Tirrell, Charles Quincy, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Massachusetts, was born Dec. 10, 
 1844 in Sharon, Mass. He graduated at Dartmouth college 
 in 1866- was admitted to the bar in 1870 at Boston, where 
 he has since practiced. He was elected to the general court of 
 Massachusetts from Weymouth in 1872 and to the Massachu- 
 setts senate from the North Middlesex district in 1881 and 1882. 
 He was presidential elector in 1888. He was a member of the 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Massachusetts as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 
470 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 first congresses from Massachusetts as a republican. He was re- 
 elected for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Natick, Mass, 
 
 185. Ames, Butler, United States congressman from the fifth 
 district of Massachusetts, was born in 1872 in Lowell, Mass. 
 Since 1896 he has been agent of the Wamesit Power company 
 of Lowell, Mass. During the Spanish-American war he was 
 lieutenant and adjutant of the sixth Massachusetts volunteers. 
 In 1897-99 he was for three years a member of the Massachu- 
 setts state legislature. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Massachusetts as a re- 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 fifth district of Massachusetts for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Lowell, Mass. 
 
 186. Gardner, Augustus Peabody, United States congress- 
 man from the sixth district of Massachusetts, was born Nov. 5, 
 1865, in Boston, Mass.. In 1886 he graduated from Harvard 
 college. For two terms he was a member of the Massachusetts 
 state senate. During the Spanish-American war he served as 
 captain and assistant adjutant-general on the staff of General 
 James H. Wilson. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Massachusetts 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the sixth district of Massachusetts for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Hamilton, Mass. 
 
 187. Roberts, Ernest Williams, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Massachusetts, was born Nov. 22, 
 1858, in East Madison, Maine. In 1894-96 he was a member of 
 Massachusetts legislature ; and state senator in 1897-98. He 
 was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Chelsea, Mass. 
 
 188. McCall, Samuel Walker, United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of Massachusetts, was born Feb. 28, 1851. in 
 East Providence, Pa. He was the editor of the Boston Daily 
 Advertiser; and was a member of the Massachusetts house of 
 representatives in 1888-89 and 1892. He was a member of the 
 fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the eighth district 
 of Massachusetts for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Win- 
 chester, Mass. 
 
 189. Keliher, John Austin, LTnited States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Massachusetts was born Nov. 6, 1866, in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY -H 1 
 
 Boston, Mass. For many years he has been successfully en- 
 gaged in journalistic work ; and in 1896-97 served as a member 
 of the Massachusetts state legislatures. He was a member of 
 the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a demo- 
 crat, He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 ninth district of Massachusetts for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 190. O'Connell, Joseph F., United States congressman from 
 the tenth district of Massachusetts, was born D>ec. 7, 1ST - ?, in 
 Boston, Mass. He was educated at St. Mary's parochial school; 
 attended Boston college ; and graduated from Harvard univer- 
 sity. He has attained success in the practice of law in Massa- 
 chusetts ; and has filled several positions of trust and honor. 
 He was elected to the sixtieth congress from the tenth district of 
 Massachusetts ; and was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 for term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 191. Peters, Andrew James, United States congressman from 
 the eleventh district of Massachusetts, was born at that place 
 April 3, 1872 ; is a graduate of Harvard college (A. B.) 1895 ; 
 graduate of Harvard law school (LL. B.), 1898; is a lawyer by 
 profession ; was a member of the Massachusetts legislature in 
 1902 ; member of the State senate of Massachusetts, 190 1 and 
 1905; served five years as member of the Massachusetts Militia; 
 is unmarried ; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat, and resides in Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 192. Weeks, John Wingate, United States congressman from 
 the twelfth district of Massachusetts, was born in Lancaster, 
 N. H., April 11, 1SG0; graduated at the United States Naval 
 academy in 1881 ; served in the United States navy as a mid- 
 shipman from graduation until 1883; served in the Massachu- 
 setts naval brigade ten years, from 1890 to 1900, the last six 
 years of this service as commanding officer of the organization ; 
 served as a lieutenant in the volunteer navy during the Spanish- 
 American war, commanding the second division of the auxiliary 
 navy ; is married ; is a member of the firm of Tornblower and 
 Weeks, bankers and brokers; is vice-president of the First Na- 
 tional bank of Boston, and president of the Newtonville Trust 
 Company, Newton; was for three years — 1900, 1901, 1902 — alder- 
 man, and two years — 1903 and 1904 — mayor of the city of New- 
 ton ; was the permanent chairman of the Massachusetts Repub- 
 lican state convention in Oct. 1905 ; was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress, as a republican ; and resides in Newton, Mass. 
 
472 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 193. Greene, William Stedman, United States congressman 
 from the thirteenth district of Massachusetts, was born April 
 28, 1841, in Tremont, 111. He has been in the real estate and 
 insurance business since 1866 in Fall River, Mass. He was presi- 
 dent common council in 1877-79; mayor in 1880-81, 1886 and 
 1895-97. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Massachusetts as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress of 1909-11; and resides in Fall River, Mass. 
 
 194. Lovering, William C, United States congressman from 
 fourteenth district of Massachusetts, was born in 1835, in Rhode 
 Island. He was educated in Cambridge. Mass , and at the Hopkins 
 classical school. He is engaged in cotton manufacturing; and 
 has been president, director and manager of various corpora- 
 tions. In 1874-75 he was a member of the Massachusetts state 
 senate; and in 1880 was a delegate to the national republican 
 convention. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Massachusetts as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the fourteenth district of Massachusetts for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Taunton, Mass. 
 
 195. Burrows, Julius Caesar, United States senator from 
 Michigan, was born Jan. 9, 1837, in North East, Pa. He was an 
 officer in the union army in 1862-64 ; and prosecuting attorney of 
 Kalamazoo county in 1865-67. He was elected a representative 
 to the forty-third, forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses ; and 
 elected a delegate at large from Michigan to the national repub- 
 lican convention at Chicago in 1884. He was a member of the 
 forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first congresses, twice elected 
 speaker pro tempore of the house of representatives during the 
 fifty-first congress, and was elected to the fifty-second, fifty- 
 third and fifty-fourth congresses as a republican. He resigned 
 his seat in the house in 1905 to assume the office of United 
 States senator from Michigan ; and is now serving the term end- 
 ing in 1911 ; and resides in Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 196. Smith, William Alden, United States senator from 
 Michigan, was born May 12, 1859, in Dowagiac, Mich. He was 
 appointed page in the Michigan house of representatives in 1879; 
 and was assistant secretary of the Michigan state senate in 1882. 
 He was a member of the republican state central committee in 
 1888, 1890 and 1892. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty- 
 fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He is now United States senator from 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 473 
 
 Michigan for the term of 1907-13 ; and resides in Grand Rapids, 
 Mich. 
 
 197. Benby, Edwin, United States congressman from the 
 first district of Michigan, was born Feb. 18, 1870, in Evansville, 
 Ind. He was educated in the public schools of Evansville, and 
 the university of Michigan. He was ten years in the customs 
 service of China under Sir Robert Hart, while his father, Hon. 
 Charles Denby, was United States minister to China. He was 
 h representative from Detroit in the Michigan legislature of 
 1903. He served as gunner's mate, United States navy, on the 
 Yosemite in the war with Spain. He was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the first district of Michigan for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 198. Townsend, Charles Elroy, United States congressman 
 from the second district of Michigan, was born Aug. 15, 1856, in 
 Concord, Mich. He attended common schools in Concord and 
 Jackson; and in 1877 entered the literary department of the 
 Michigan university. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty - 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Michigan as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the second dis- 
 trict of Michigan for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Jackson, 
 Mich. 
 
 199. Gardner. Washington, United States congressman from 
 the third district of Michigan, was born in Morrow county, Ohio. 
 He served in the ranks of the sixty-first Ohio volunteer infantry 
 in 1861-65. He served twelve years in the ministry of the Meth- 
 odist episcopal church. In 1888 he was commander of the depart- 
 ment of Michigan, Grand Army of the Republic ; and was made 
 professor in and public lecturer for Albion college in 1899. For 
 several years he was secretary of state. He was a member of the 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Michigan as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress .from the third district of Michigan for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Albion, Mich. 
 
 200. Hamilton. Edward La Rue, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Michigan, was born Dec. 9, 1857, in 
 Berrien county, Mich. He attained success in the practice of law 
 in Niles, Mich. He was a member of the fifty-fifty, fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the fourth district of Michigan for the term of 1909-11; and re- 
 sides in Niles, Mich. 
 
474 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 201. Diekema, Gerrit John, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Michigan, was born March 27, 1859, in Hol- 
 land, Mich. ; was educated at Hope college, graduating with 
 honor, 1881, and at the university of Michigan, graduating from 
 the law department of that institution in 1883 ; began the prac- 
 tice of the law in his native city and has continued in it there. 
 Entering political life early, he has served as member of the 
 board of education, mayor, city attorney, and member of the 
 legislature four consecutive terms, beginning in 1885; at the ses- 
 sion of 1889 he was chosen speaker of the house of representa- 
 tives. Mr. Diekema has been chairman of the Michigan repub- 
 lican state central committee in four campaigns; was a delegate 
 to the national convention in 1896, which nominated Major Mc- 
 Kinley for president, and by him was appointed a member of 
 the Spanish treaty claims commission, which position he re- 
 signed to make the race for congress. In 1884 Mr. Diekema was 
 chosen to deliver the annual oration before the alumni associa- 
 tion of the Michigan university and was the orator on Nether- 
 lands day at the Columbian exposition and World's fair, Chi- 
 cago, 1893. He was elected to the sixtieth congress April 27, 
 1907, to fill a vacancy caused by the election of Hon. William 
 Aldten Smith to the United States senate, and re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Holland. 
 Mich. 
 
 202. Smith, Samuel William, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Michigan, was born Aug. 23, 1852, in 
 Independence, Mich. He engaged in teaching school at sixteen 
 years of age, and 'for twenty-five years has practiced law in Pon- 
 tiac, Mich. In 1880-84 he was prosecuting attorney of Oakland 
 county. In 188+ he was elected to the Michigan state senate. He 
 was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the sixth district 
 of Michigan for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Pontiac. 
 Mich. 
 
 203. McMorran, Henry, United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of Michigan, was born June 11, 1844, in 
 Port Huron, Mich. He attended public schools until he began 
 his business life; has been engaged in the grocery business, mill- 
 ing, grain and elevator trade; and is connected with numerous 
 commercial, manufacturing and transportation companies. He 
 was general manager of the Port Huron and Northwestern rail- 
 way in 1878-1889, when it was sold to the Flint and Pere Mar- 
 quette company. He has been alderman and city treasurer of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 475 
 
 Port Huron ; a member of the canal commission ; and always 
 active and prominent in party affairs. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Michigan as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the seventh district of Michigan for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Port Huron, Mich. 
 
 204. Fordney, Joseph Warren, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Michigan, was born Nov. 5, 1853. in 
 Blackford county, Ind. He has been extensively engaged in the 
 lumber business for many years ; and owns an ice plant at Hart- 
 ford, Ind. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Michi- 
 gan as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the eighth district of Michigan for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 205. McLaughlin, James C, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Michigan, was born in Illinois ; in 1864 
 moved to Muskegon, Mich., where he has since resided ; was ed- 
 ucated in the public schools of Muskegon and in the literary 
 and law departments of the university of Michigan, graduating 
 from the latter in 1883 ; has been prosecuting attorney of his 
 county ; in 1901 he was appointed by the governor of the state a 
 member of the board of state tax commissioners and state board 
 of assessors, in the latter capacity taking part in the first assess- 
 ment of railroad property of the state for taxation; was elected 
 to the sixtieth congress and re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican; and resides in Muskegon, Mich. 
 
 206. Loud, George Alvin, United States congressman from 
 the tenth district of Michigan, was born June 18, 1852, in Geauga 
 county. Ohio. He has been engaged in the lumber business for 
 thirty years in connection with his father and brothers. He was 
 a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Michigan as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the tenth district of Michigan for the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Au Sable, Mich. 
 
 207. Dodds, Francis H., United States congressman from 
 the eleventh district of Michigan, was born June 9, 1858, in the 
 township of Louisville, St. Lawrence county. X. Y. ; moved to 
 Isabella county, Mich., with his parents, in 1866 ; is a graduate 
 of Olivet college ; was graduated from the law department of the 
 university of Michigan in 1880, and was elected president of the 
 law alumni of that institution for the ensuing year ; has been 
 engaged in the practice of the law continuously since then — 
 
476 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from 1884 to 1886 — at Bay City, Mich., and during the rest of 
 the time at Mount Pleasant, Mich. ; has served as city attorney 
 atnd as member of the board of education at the latter place ; 
 was elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and re- 
 sides in Mount Pleasant, Mich. 
 
 208. Young, H. Olin, United States congressman from the 
 twelfth district of Michigan, was born Aug. 4, 1850, at New Al- 
 bion, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. ; had an academic education and 
 is a lawyer ; was a member of the Michigan state legislature in 
 1879 ; prosecuting attorney of Marquette county, 1886-1896 ; was 
 elected to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses, and 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides 
 in Ishpeming, Mich. 
 
 209. Nelson, Knute, United States senator from Minnesota, 
 was born Feb. 2, 1813, in Norway. He was a representative in 
 the Wisconsin legislature in 1868-69. He removed to Minnesota 
 in 1871 ; was state senator in 1875-78 ; was prosecuting attorney 
 of Douglas county for three years ; became a regent of the Min- 
 nesota state university ; and was a presidential elector in 1880. 
 He was a member of the forty-eighth, forty-ninth and fiftieth 
 congresses. He was governor of Minnesota in 1893-95. Since 
 1895 he has been a member of the United States senate, and was 
 re-elected for the term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides in Alex- 
 andria, Minn. 
 
 210. Clapp, Moses Edwin, United States senator from Minne- 
 sota, was born May 21, 1851, in Delphi, Ind. He was reared and 
 educated in Wisconsin; and removed to Minnesota in 1881. In 
 1886-92 he was attorney-general for the state of Minnesota. In 
 1901-03 he was a member of the United States senate ; and is now 
 serving the term ending in 1911; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 211. Tawney, James A., United States congressman from the 
 first district of Minnesota, was born Jan. 3, 1855, near Gettys- 
 burg, Pa. In 1870 he entered the blacksmith shop of his father 
 as an apprentice ; subsequently learned the trade of machinist ; 
 and in 1877-81 followed that business in Winona, Minn. Since 
 1882 he has been actively engaged in the practice of law ; and in 
 1890 was elected a member of the Minnesota state senate. He 
 was a member of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty- 
 sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Minnesota as a republican. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the first district of Minnesota for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Winona, Minn. 
 
 212. Hammond, Winfield Scott, United States congressman 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 477 
 
 from the second district of Minnesota, was born Nov. 17, 1863, in 
 Southboro, Worcester county, Mass. He was educated in the 
 public schools and entered Dartmouth college in 1880, graduat- 
 ing therefrom in 1884. From September, 1884, until June, 1890, 
 he was a high school principal in the state of Minnesota. In 1891 
 he was admitted to the bar and since that time has been a prac- 
 ticing attorney-at-law. He served as county attorney of Waton- 
 wan county, Minn., nearly six years and has been a member of 
 the state board of normal school directors for Minnesota for 
 eight years. He was the democratic candidate for congress from 
 the second congressional district of Minnesota in 1892, but was 
 defeated by James Thompson McCleary, the republican candi- 
 date, who since that time and until March 4, 1907, represented 
 the district; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-electel 
 to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in St. James, Minn. 
 
 213. Davis, Charles Russell, United States congressman 
 from the third district of Minnesota, was born Sept. 17, 1849, in 
 Pittsfield, 111. He was educated in the common schools of Lesu- 
 eur county, graduating from the St. Peter high school in 1865 ; 
 for two years thereafter received private instruction in the 
 higher branches and took a business college course in St. Paul 
 during the winter of 1867-68. He studied law with Alfred Wal- 
 lin, president chief justice of North Dakota ; since 1872 has prac- 
 ticed his profession in Minnesota. He was county attorney of 
 Nicoll county for ten years ; and city clerk and city attorney of 
 St. Peter for eighteen years. He was elected to the house of rep- 
 resentatives of the state legislature in 1888 and to the senate in 
 1890. He was captain of company I, second regiment, Minne- 
 sota national guard, for four years. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Minnesota 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the third district of Minnesota for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 214. Stevens, Frederick Clement, United States congress- 
 man from the fourth district of Minnesota, was born Jan. 1, 1861. 
 in Boston, Mass. He was admitted to the bar in 1884, and com- 
 menced practice in St. Paul. He was a member of the state leg- 
 islature of Minnesota in 1888-89 and 1890-91. He was a member 
 of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the fourth district of Minnesota for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 215. Nye, Frank Mellen, United States congressman from 
 
478 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the fifth district of Minnesota, was born March 7, 1852, in Shir- 
 ley, Maine. He was elected to the sixtieth congress from the 
 fifth district of Minnesota for the term of 1907-09 ; and resides 
 in Minneapolis, Minn. ; in 1905-06 was United States consul to 
 Smyrna; and since 1906 United States consul to Chemnitz, Ger- 
 many. Since 1900 he has been in the United States consular 
 service, and since 1906 has been consul to Chemnitz, Saxony, 
 Germany. In 1907-11 he was a representative from Minnesota to 
 the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses; and resides in Minneap- 
 olis, Minn. 
 
 216. Lindbergh, Charles A., United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of Minnesota, was born in Sweden and 
 brought by his parents to Melrose, Minn., in his first year; Aug- 
 ust Lindbergh, his father, was a farmer, and Mr. Lindbergh 
 spent his boyhood days on the farm at Melrose; he has been a i 
 extensive writer for magazines and newspapers on political econ- 
 omy ; has always taken great interest in farming, and continues 
 his home on his farm when his official business does not keep 
 him away. When elected he was actively engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law, but immediately closed his office and gives his time 
 exclusively to his public duties ; was elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in 
 Little Falls, Minn. 
 
 217. Volstead, Andrew J., United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of Minnesota, was born in 1860 in Goodhue 
 county, Minn. He was educated at the public schools, St. Olaf's 
 college, and Decorah institute. He has been president of the 
 board of education ; city attorney ; mayor of Granite Falls ; and 
 for fourteen years county attorney of Yellow Medicine county. 
 He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Minnesota as a republican. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of Minnesota 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Granite F^lls, Minn. 
 
 218. Miller, Clarence Benjamin, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Minnesota, was born March 13, 1872. 
 on a farm in Goodhue county, Minn., the son of a veteran of the 
 civil war who died in 1876 ; was educated in country school, hign 
 school, and Minneapolis academy ; graduated from the univer- 
 sity of Minnesota in 1895, and from the law department of the 
 same institution in 1900 ; was superintendent of public schools 
 of Rushford, Minn., 1895 to 1898 ; since 1900 has practiced law 
 at Duluth; was a member of the Minnesota legislature 1907; 
 

 OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 479 
 
 was elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in Duluth. 
 Minn. 
 
 219. Steenerson, Halvor, United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Minnesota, was born June 30, 1852, in Dane 
 county, Wis. He is a successful lawyer of Oookston, Minn. : 
 has been county attorney, city attorney and a member of the 
 board of education. He served Minnesota as state senator in 
 1883-85 ; and in 1884 was a member of the national republican 
 convention. He was a member of the fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth 
 congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth 
 congress from the ninth district of Minnesota; and was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress for term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Crookston, Minn. 
 
 220. Money, Hernando De Soto, United States senator from 
 Mississippi, was born Aug. 26, 1839, in Holmes county, Miss. He 
 received his education in the university of Mississippi. He was 
 a member of the forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-sev- 
 enth, forty-eighth, fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses as a 
 democrat. In 1896-97 he was appointed a member of the United 
 States senate to fill a vacancy ; and was elected for a full term 
 commencing March 4, 1899. He was a delegate to the Balti- 
 more convention of 1872 ; and of the Chicago convention of 1896. 
 Since 1897 he has been a member of the United States senate, 
 and is now serving the term ending in 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Carrollton, Miss. 
 
 221. McLaurin, Anselm Joseph, United States senator from 
 Mississippi, son of Lauchlin and Ellen Caroline (Tullus) Mc- 
 Laurin, was born March 26, 1848, at Brandon, Miss. ; moved with 
 his parents the latter part of that year to Smith county, where 
 he was raised on a farm ; attended the neighborhood schools oc- 
 casionally until sixteen years old, when he joined the confederate 
 army and served as a private ; after the war, attended two years 
 at Summerville institute, completing the junior year; was li- 
 censed by Judge Watts to practice law July 3, 1868 ; married 
 Miss Laura Ranch Feb. 22, 1870, of which marriage ten children 
 have been born, seven now living; was elected district attorney 
 in 1871; representative in the legislature in 1879; presidential 
 elector for the state-at-large in 1888 ; delegate to the constitu- 
 tional convention in 1890 ; United States senator in February, 
 1894 ; governor of Mississippi in 1895, and served four years ; 
 elected to the United States senate in January, 1900, for the term 
 beginning March 4, 1901 ; re-elected for the term beginning 
 
480 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 March 4, 1907. His term of service will expire March 3, 1913 ; 
 and resides in Brandon, Miss. 
 
 222. Candler, Ezekiel Samuel, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Mississippi, was born Jan. 18, 1862, in 
 Bellville, Fla. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Mississippi as a 
 democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 first district of Mississippi for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Corinth, Miss. 
 
 223. Spight, Thomas, United States congressman from the 
 second district of Mississippi, was born Oct. 25, 1841, in Ripley, 
 Miss. In 1861 he entered the confederate army ; and was in com- 
 mand of the thirty-fourth Mississippi infantry at the close of 
 war. In 1879-84 he founded, owned and edited the Southern 
 Sentinel of Ripley, Miss. In 1884-92 he was district attorney. 
 He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Mississippi 
 as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the second district of Mississippi for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Ripley, Miss. 
 
 224. Humphreys, Benjamin Grubb, United States congress- 
 man from the third district of Mississippi, was born Aug. 17, 
 1865, in Claiborne county. Miss. He was educated at the univers- 
 of Mississippi ; and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1895-1903 
 he was district attorney for the fourth circuit court district of 
 Mississippi. He served in the second Mississippi volunteer in- 
 fantry under Major-General Fitzhugh Lee in Florida during the 
 Spanish-American war. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the third district of Mississippi for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Greenwood, Miss. 
 
 225. Sisson, Thomas Upton, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of Mississippi, was born Sept. 22, 1869, in 
 Attala county, Miss. He moved with his father when a boy to 
 Choctaw county, Miss., where he attended the common schools 
 in the county, and later the French Camp academy, located at 
 F,rench Camp, Miss. ; graduated at the Southwestern Presby- 
 terian university, at Clarkesville, Tenn., taking the degree of 
 A. B. in 1889; was principal of the Carthage high school the 
 session of 1889-90, and the next two years was principal of the 
 graded schools of Kosciusko, Attala county, Miss. He gradu- 
 ated in law at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and was 
 admitted to the bar at Memphis, Tenn., in 1894 ; moved from 
 Memphis to Winona, Miss., in 1895 where he has since prac- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 481 
 
 ticed law. He was elected grand master of Masons in 1904, be- 
 ing the youngest man ever elected to that position in Missis- 
 sippi ; was married June 5, 1901, to Miss Mamie Purnell, and 
 has three children. He was elected to the State senate from 
 the | twenty-sixth senatorial district, embracing the counties 
 of Montgomery and Carroll, being nominated as a democrat 
 without oposition ; was democratic elector for the state at large 
 in 1900 ; Avas nominated and elected district attorney of the fifth 
 judicial district as a democrat in 1903, carrying eight out of 
 the nine counties ; was a candidate for governor of Mississippi in 
 1907, and was defeated by a small plurality, there being six 
 candidates in the race, and only a small difference in the vote 
 received by the four highest candidates ; was nominated for con- 
 gress over two opponents in the first primary, 1908 ; and elected 
 to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in Winona, Miss. 
 
 226. Byrd, Adam Monroe, United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Mississippi, born July 6, 1859, in Sumter 
 county, Ala. In 1889 he was elected to the Mississippi state 
 senate; and 1 in 1895 to the state legislature. In 1903-11 he was 
 a representative from Mississippi to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, 
 sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a democrat ; and resides in 
 Philadelphia, Miss. 
 
 227. Bowers, Eaton Jackson, United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of Mississippi, was born June 17, 1865, in- 
 Canton, Miss. In 1896 he was elected to the Mississippi state 
 senate; and in 1900 to the house of representatives. He was a 
 member to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as 
 a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the sixth district of Mississippi for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in St. Louis, Miss. --^ 
 
 228. Dickson, William Alexander, United States congress- 
 man, from the seventh district of Mississippi, was born Julv 
 20, 1861, in Centerville, Miss. He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of his native town ; graduated from Pleasant 
 Grove high school, attended the Centenary college of Jack- 
 son, La. ; and he graduated from the Vanderbilt university of 
 Nashville, Tenn. He has been a member of the board of super- 
 visors ; county school commissioner ; presidential elector ; and a 
 member of the trustees of the agricultural college of Mississippi. 
 He served two terms as a member of the Mississippi state legis- 
 lature, and still resides in Centerville, Miss. In 1909-11 he was a 
 representative from Mississippi to the sixty-first congress as a 
 democrat ; and resides in Centerville, Miss. 
 
 229. Collier, James William, United States congressman from 
 
482 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the eighth district of Mississippi, was born at Glenwood planta- 
 tion, near Vicksburg, in Warren county, Miss., Sept. 28, 1872. 
 He attended the public and high schools of his county until 
 1890, when he entered the State university; in 1894 he graduated 
 in law from that institution ; in 1895 he was elected a membei 
 of the lower house of the Mississippi legislature, being the 
 youngest member of that body ; was elected circuit clerk of War- 
 ren county in 1899 and re-elected without opposition in 1903 and 
 1907. In 1900 he married Miss Emma H. Klein ; they have two 
 children. In 1908 he was nominated by the democratic party for 
 the sixty-first congress ; and resides in Vicksburg, Miss. 
 
 230. Stone, William Joel, United States senator from Mis- 
 souri, was born May 7, 1848, in Madison county, Ky. He was 
 educated at the university of Missouri. In 1873-74 he was 
 prosecuting attorne)^ of Vernon county. Mo. ; and was elector on 
 the Tildlen and Hendricks ticket in 1876. He was a member of 
 the forty-ninth, fiftieth, and fifty-first congresses as a democrat. 
 He was governor of the state of Missouri in 1892-1896. He was 
 elected to the United States senate for the term ending 1915, 
 and resides in Jefferson City, Mo. 
 
 231. Warner, William, United States senator from Missouri, 
 was born in Lafayette county, Wis. In 1862 he enlisted in the 
 thirty-third Wisconsin regiment ; and was mustered out at the 
 close of the war with the rank of major in the fifty-fourth Wis- 
 consin. Since 1865 he has practiced law in Kansas City, Mo. ; 
 was city attorney in 1867 ; and circuit attorney in 1868. In 
 1885-89 he was a member of congress from Missouri as a 
 republican. He has served four terms as United States district 
 attorney for the western district of Missouri. In 1888 he was 
 commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. He is 
 a member of the United States senate from Missouri from the 
 term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Kansas city, Mo. 
 
 232. Lloyd, James Tighlman, United States congressman 
 Trom the first district of Missouri was born Aug. 27, 1857, in 
 Canton, Mo. Since 1885 he has practiced law in Shelbyville, 
 
 "Mo. He was prosecuting attorney of his county in 1889-93. He 
 was elected to the fifty-fifth congress at a special election held 
 in 1897, to fill a vacancy; and was a member of the fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as 
 a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the first district of Missouri for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in ShelbyviHe, Mo. 
 
 233. Riicker, William Waller, United States congressman 
 from the second district of Missouri, was born Fieb. 1, 1855, near 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 483 
 
 Covington, Va. ; at the beginning of the war moved with his 
 parents to West Virginia, in which state he attended the com- 
 mon schools ; at the age of 18 he moved to Chariton county, Mo., 
 and for two years engaged in teaching district schools, during 
 which time he continued the study of law ; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1876 ; in 1886 was elected prosecuting attorney of Chari- 
 ton county, which office he held for three consecutive terms and 
 until he was nominated for circuit judge of the twelfth judicial 
 circuit; in 1892 was elected judge for a term of six years, 
 which position he held at the time he was nominated for Con- 
 gress ; was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fif- 
 ty-ninth, and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress; ;and resides in Keytesville, Mo. 
 
 234. Alexander, Joshua W., United States congressman from 
 the third district of Missouri, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 
 22, 1852; he attended the public schools there for three years, 
 and later the public schools at Canton, Lewis county, Mo., and 
 having finished the public schools entered Christian University 
 at Canton, Mo., in Sept. 1868, and graduated in June, 1872, re- 
 ceiving the degree of A. B. and the degree of A. M., in June, 
 1907; he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1875 at 
 Gallatin, Mo., where he has resided continuously since June. 
 1873; he was elected public administrator of Daviess county in 
 1876, and re-elected in 1880; in April, 1882, he was elected a 
 member of the board of education of Gallatin school district, 
 and served, first as president and later as secretary, for twenty- 
 one years ; in 1882 was elected representative to the general as- 
 sembly of Missouri from Daviess county, and re-elected in 1884 
 and 1886, serving in the thirty-second, thirty-third, and thirty 
 fourth general assemblies; was chairman of the committee on 
 appropriations in the thirty-third and speaker of the house in 
 the thirty-fourth assembly; he has served two terms as mayor of 
 the house in the thirty-fourth assembly ; he has served two 
 terms as mayor of Gallatin ; was a member of the board of man- 
 agers of State asylum for the insane at St. Joseph for a number 
 of years, having been appointed by Governor William J. Stone ; 
 was judge of the seventh judicial circuit of Missouri from Jan.- 
 uary, 1901, until Feb. 1, 1907; he has always been a democrat 
 and active in the politics of the state ; he married the daughter 
 of the late Judge Samuel A. Richardson in Feb. 1876; his wife 
 and eight children, five sons and three daughters, are living; 
 was elected to the sixtieth congress, re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress ; and resides in Gallatin, Mo. 
 
 235. Booher, Charles F., United States congressman from the 
 
484 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 fourth district of Missouri, was born in East Groveland, Livings- 
 ton county, N. Y., January 31, 1848 ; was brought up on a farm 
 and attended the common schools ; taught school and studied 
 law, and went to Savannah in 1870 ; was admitted to the bar 
 in 1871, since which time has been engaged in the practice of 
 the law. Held the office of prosecuting attorney six years ; was 
 Presidential elector on the democratic ticket in 1880; mayor of 
 Savannah six years ; is married and has four children ; was elect- 
 ed to the sixtieth congress, re-elected to the sixty-first congress ; 
 and resides in Savannah, Mo. 
 
 236. Borland, William Patterson, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Missouri, was born in Leavenworth, 
 Kans., Oct. 14, 1867 ; has resided in Kansas city, Mo., since Sept 
 1880; attended the ward and high schools of Kansas city; read 
 law in the office of Pratt-McCrary-Ferry & Hagerman ; entered 
 the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 
 and was graduated in 1892; entered upon the practice of law 
 at Kansas city ; in 1895 helped to organize the Kansas city school 
 of law, and was elected dean, being re-elected each year since ; 
 has been continuously engaged in the active practice of law; 
 married in 1904 to Ona Winants, daughter of W. H. Winants, 
 of Kansas city, and has one son ; published in 1907 a text-book on 
 the Law of Wills and Administrations ; served on the "Municipal 
 Lobby" of Kansas city at the legislature of 1907, and drafted 
 several laws relating to city government, including the act em- 
 powering cities to regulate charges of public service corporations ; 
 was elected April, 1908, member of the board of thirteen free- 
 holders to draft new charter for Kansas city ; charter as drafted 
 was adopted by popular vote Aug. 4, 1908 ; was nominated Aug. 
 4, 1908, at a direct primary, and elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress ; and resides in Kansas city, Mo. 
 
 237. Sixth district vacant through death of David A. De 
 Armond. 
 
 238. Hamlin, Courtney Walker, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Missouri, was born at Brevard, N. 
 C, Oct. 27, 1858; is a lawyer and married; was elected to the 
 fifty-eighth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress, receiving 21,371 votes, to 23,927 for John Whit- 
 taker, republican, and 663 for E. T. Behrens, socialist; and re- 
 sides in Springfield, Mo. 
 
 239. Shackleford, Dorsey W., United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Missouri, was born Aug. 27, 1853, in 
 Saline county, Mo. In 1879 he began the practice of law in 
 Booneville, Mo. ; and in 1882-86 served as prosecuting attorney of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 485 
 
 Cooper county. In 1892-99 he was judge of the fourteenth judi- 
 cial circuit of Missouri. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, [fifty-ninth and! Sixtieth congresses 
 from Missouri as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the eighth district of Missouri for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Jefferson City, Mo. 
 
 240. Clark, Champ, United States congressman from the ninth 
 district of Missouri, was born March 7, 1850, near Lawrence- 
 burg, Ky. In 1873 he graduated with highest honors from the 
 Bethany college, W. Va. ; and became president of the Marshall 
 college of Huntington, W. Va. He has been city attorney for 
 Louisiana and Bowling Green, Mo. ; prosecuting attorney of Pile 
 county, Mo. ; and he has served as special judge of the Louisiana 
 (Mo.) court of common pleas. He was a member of the fifty- 
 third, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fiftiy-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the ninth district of Missouri for the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Bowling Green, Mo. 
 
 241. Bartholdt, Richard, United States congressman from the 
 tenth district of Missouri, was born Nov. 2, 1855, in Germany. 
 He came to this country when a boy ; received a classical edu- 
 cation ; learned the printing trade ; and has remained a newspap- 
 er man ever since. He was connected with several eastern pap- 
 ers as reporter, legislative correspondent, and editor of the St. 
 Louis Tribune. He was elected to the board of public schools ot 
 St. Louis, and in 1891 was chosen its president. He is regard- 
 ed as the leader of the peace movement in the United States ; 
 was president of the Interparliamentary union ; and is now 
 president of the arbitration group in congress. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a re- 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 tenth district of Missouri for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 242. Gill, Patrick F., United States congressman from the 
 eleventh district of Missouri was born Aug. 16, 1868, in Inde- 
 pendence, Mo. He was left fatherless when three years of age ; 
 and then moved with his mother to St. Louis, Mo. He was 
 educated in the parochial schools ; and at the St. Louis university. 
 For over twenty-two years he has been engaged in business in 
 St. Louis, o. ; and is secretary of the Gill brothers grocery 
 company. For four years he was clerk in the circuit court ; and 
 has held various positions of trust and honor. In 1909-11 he was 
 
486 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 a representative from Missouri to the sixty-first congress as a 
 democrat ; and resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 243. Coudrey, Harry Marcy, United States congressman 
 from the twelfth district of Missouri, was born Feb. 28, 1867, 
 in Brunswick, Me. In 1878 he removed to St. Louis ; attended 
 the public school of that city ; and graduated from the manual 
 training school. He at once entered the insurance business; and 
 is now the owner of the insurance firm of Hjarry M. Coudrey and 
 company of St. Louis, Mo. In 1877-99 he was a member of the 
 St. Louis municipal assembly. He is a member of the merchants 
 exchange, the business men's league, a director of the Common- 
 wealth trust company, a member of the loyal legion, secretary of 
 the St. Louis club, and a member of various other clubs and 
 societies. He is vice-president of the Washington national bank; 
 is president of the St. Louis fire insurance agents' association ; 
 president of the national association of casualty and surety 
 agents ; and a director of the universal adding machine com- 
 pany. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congress 
 from the twelfth district of Missouri as a republican, but was not 
 seated until near the end of the first session. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 244. Elvins, Politte, United States congressman from the thir- 
 teenth district of Missouri, the son of Jesse M. and Zelma Politte 
 Elvins, was born March 16, 1878, in St. Francois county, Mo.; 
 after going through the public schools and receiving his degree 
 at Carleton college, finished his education, academic and legal, 
 at the university of Missouri, graduating there June 8, 1899 ; the 
 day following his graduation, at 21 years of age, was licensed 
 by the supreme court of Missouri to practice law in all the 
 courts of the state, which has been his profession ever since ; 
 married November 25, 1901, to Florence Kells, of Arcadia: at 
 the age of 26 was made Presidential elector for his district, and 
 was selected as the messenger to carry the vote of the state to 
 Washington ; was nominated by the republicans for representa- 
 tive in congress in the general state primary election held Aug. 
 3, 1908, carrying ten of the eleven counties of the district; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in Elvins, Mo. 
 
 245. Crow, Charles Augustus, United States congressman 
 from the fourteenth district of Missouri, was born at Sikeston, 
 Mo., March 31, 1873 ; was reared on a farm ; lived twenty-three 
 years near Sikeston; moved to a farm near Bernie Aug. 1896, 
 where he lived six years; moved to Caruthersville in 1901, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 48V 
 
 where he has since resided ; has but a common school education, 
 never having attended college; married Miss Mary Brown, of 
 Sikeston, November 22, 1893; has had six children, three sons 
 and three daughters, two of whom are now living; was for seven 
 years postmaster of Caruthersville ; while acting as postmaster 
 he several times called the attention of congress to the manner 
 of weighing the mails; congress finally revised the method, 
 whereby it is estimated a saving of $10,000,000 a year was effect- 
 ed ; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and 
 resides in Caruthersville, Mo. 
 
 246. Morgan, Charles Henry, 'United States congressman 
 from the fifteenth district of Missouri, was born in Alleghany 
 county, N. Y., July 5, 1843 ; was raised on a farm in Wisconsin ; 
 educated in the common schools and at the Fond du Lac High 
 school ; enlisted while at school in the First Wisconsin infantry, 
 at the outbreak of the civil war ; was private, sergeant, and 
 sergeant-major of that regiment; was second lieutenant, first 
 lieutenant, and captain ofl the twenty-first Wisconsin infantry ; 
 was captured Sept. 20, 1863, at the battle of Chicamauga, and 
 confined in Libby prison, Richmond, at Macon, Ga., and at 
 Charleston and Columbia, S. C. ; escaped five times from prison, 
 was recaptured four times, but finally reached the Union lines 
 north of Columbia, S. C, Feb. 22, 1865 ; after the war gradu- 
 ated from Albany law school ; was prosecuting attorney of Bar- 
 ton county, Mo., four years ; was a member of the Missouri 
 legislature 1872-73 ; was a member of the forty-fourth, forty-fifth, 
 fiorty-eighth, and fifty-third congresses ; was a delegate to the 
 democratic national convention at Cincinnati in 1880 ; was a 
 democratic elector at large in 1882 ; was lieutenant-colonel of 
 the Fifth Missouri volunteer infantry in the Spanish-American 
 war ; was elected to the sixty-first congress, as a republican ; 
 and resides in Joplin, Mo. 
 
 247. Murphy, Arthur P., United States congressman from 
 the sixteenth district of Missouri, was born at Hancock, Pulaski 
 county, Mo., Dec. 10, 1870 ; educated in the public schools of 
 Pulaski county, and the Missouri school of mines and metallurgy 
 at Rolla, Phelps county ; worked on a farm as hired hand, on 
 the railroad as a section hand, and as a railroad telegraph opera- 
 tor and train dispatcher; studied law, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice March 4, 1894 ; has been actively engaged in the practice 
 since that time; was national attorney for the Creek Nation of 
 Indians for two years; was elected to the fifty-ninth congress 
 
488 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in 
 Rolla, Mo. 
 
 248. Carter, Thomas Henry, United States senator from Mon- 
 tana, was born Oct. 30, 1854, in Scioto county, Ohio. He was 
 engaged in farming, railroading, and school teaching for a num- 
 ber of ears ; studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1882 
 he removed from Burlington, Iowa, to Helena, Mont. ; and was 
 elected delegate from the territory of Montana to the fifty-first 
 'congress as a republican, and upon the admission of the state 
 was elected its first representative in congress. He was com- 
 missioner of the general land office from March, 1891, to July, 
 1892 ; and in January, 1895, was elected to the United States 
 senate by the legislature of Montana for the term beginning in 
 1895 and ending in 1901. In July, 1892, he was elected chairman 
 of the republican national committee. He was appointed United 
 States commissioner to the St. Louis exposition in 1900, and 
 was made president. He was elected to the United States senate 
 from Montana for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Helena, 
 Mont. 
 
 249. Dixon, Joseph Moore, United States senator from Mon- 
 tana, was born July 31, 1867, in Snow Camp, N. C In 1894- 
 97 he was prosecuting attorney of Missoula county, Montana ; 
 and in 1900-02 was a member of the Montana state legislature. 
 He was a member of the fifty-eighth congress from Montana as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the fifty-ninth congress at 
 large from Montana for the term of 1905-07; elected U. S. sen- 
 ator from Montana for term beginning March 4, 1907, ending 
 March 4, 1913; and resides in Missoula, Mont. 
 
 250. Pray, Charles N., United States congressman at large 
 from Montana, was born at Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, N.Y. ; 
 was educated at Middlebury College, Vermont, and Chicago 
 College of Law; served as assistant prosecuting attorney of 
 Chouteau county, twelfth judicial district of Montana, 1897- 
 98 ; was elected prosecuting attorney in 1898, and re-elected in 
 1900, 1902, and 1904 ; was married in 1901 to Edith C. Wacker- 
 lin ; while serving his fourth term as prosecuting attorney was 
 elected to the sixtieth congress, re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress ; and resides in Fort Benton, Mont. 
 
 251. Burkett, Elmer Jacob, United States senator from Ne- 
 braska, was born Dec. 1, 1867, in Mills county, Iowa. In 1890 
 he graduated from Tabor college of Iowa ; with the degree of 
 B. S. ; and in 1893 graduated from the state university of Ne- 
 braska, from which institution he has received the degree of L L. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 489 
 
 B. and LL. D. and LL. M. In 1896 he was a member represen- 
 tative in the Nebraska state legislature. In 1890-92 he taught 
 school ; and subsequently attained success in the practice of law 
 at Lincoln, Neb. In 1896-98 he was a representative in the 
 Nebraska state legislature. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses from Nebraska as a 
 republican. He was elected to the United States senate from 
 Nebraska for the term oi 1905-11; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 252. iBrown, Norris, United States senator from Nebraska, 
 was born May 2, 1863, in Maquoketa, Iowa. He was educated 
 at the state university of Iowa, and is a lawyer by profession. 
 In 1904-06 he was attorney-general of the state of Nebraska. In 
 1906 he was elected a member of the United States senate for 
 term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 253. Maguire, John A., United States congressman from the 
 first district of Nebraska, was born in Jc Daviess county, 111., 
 November 29, 1872 ; moved with his parents to near Plankinton. 
 S. Dak., where they settled on a government homestead ; worked 
 on the farm and attended district school during the winter 
 months, and later taught in both district and city schools; at- 
 tended the Agricultural College of South Dakota for three 
 years; graduated from the Iowa College of Agriculture and 
 Mechanic Arts ; graduated from the academic department of the 
 University of Nebraska with the degree of A. M. in 1898, and 
 from the law department in 1899 ; was then appointed deputy 
 treasurer of Lancaster County and served two years ; entered 
 the practice of law in 1902 ; in 1904 he was a delegate to the 
 Democratic National Convention at St. Louis ; was secretary 
 of the democratic state committee in 1905 ; was nominated by 
 direct primary and elected to the sixty-first congress as a dem- 
 ocrat ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 254. Hitchcock, Gilbert M., United States congressman from 
 the second district of Nebraska, was born in that city Septem- 
 ber 18, 1859 ; educated in the Omaha public schools, supple- 
 mented by two years' study in Germany and a law course at 
 Michigan university from the law department of which he gradu- 
 ated in 1881 ; married in 1883 ; established the Omaha Evening 
 World in 1885 and is now publisher and editor of the Omaha 
 'Morning, Evening, and Sunday World-Herald ; was elected to 
 the fifty-eighth congress, defeated for re-election to the fifty- 
 ninth congress, elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Omaha, 
 Neb. 
 
 255. Latta, James P., United States congressman from the 
 
490 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 third district of Nebraska, was born near Ashland, Ohio, Octo- 
 ber 31, 1844 ; two years later his parents moved to eastern Iowa 
 where' they engaged in farming, being among the earliest 
 pioneers of that territory. Here he grew to manhood, working 
 on his father's farm during the summers and attending district 
 school during the winters, making the most of the opportunities 
 thus afforded for securing an education. In 1863, before the 
 overland railroads had been constructed, he walked across the 
 state of Iowa, crossed the Missouri, and took up a homestead 
 in the territory of Nebraska, locating in Burt county, which 
 county has since been his home. Being one of the pioneer set- 
 tlers he was closely identified with the early development and 
 activities of eastern Nebraska, and during his long residence 
 there has been engaged in farming and stock raising, at present 
 owning and operating a large stock farm a few miles north of 
 Tekamah; is president of the First National bank of that city. 
 In 1887 he represented his district in the lower house of the 
 legislature and at the time of his election to congress was a 
 member of the state senate; was elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress as a democrat ; and resides in Tekamah, Neb. 
 
 256. Hinshaw, Edmund Howard, United States congress- 
 man from the fourth district of Nebraska, was born Dec. 8, 
 1860, in Greensboro. Ind. For ten years he taught school ; and 
 ifor one year was superintendent of city schools of Fairbury, 
 Neb. In 1887 he began the practice of law; and has held 
 various city and county offices. In 1898 he was a nominee for 
 congress. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Nebraska as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress for the fourth district of 
 Nebraska for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Fairbury, Neb. 
 
 257. Norris, George William, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Nebraska, was born on a farm in 
 Sandusky county, Ohio. July 11, 1861, and his early life was 
 spent on the farm where he was born. His father died when he 
 was a small child ; his only brother was killed in the war of 
 the rebellion, and his mother was left in straitened circum- 
 stances; was compelled to work out among the neighboring 
 farmers by the day and month during the summer, and attended 
 district school during the winter; afterwards taught school and 
 earned the money to defray expenses for a higher education ; 
 attended Baldwin university, Berea, Ohio, and the Northern 
 Indiana normal school, Valparaiso; studied law while teaching, 
 and afterwards finished the law course in law school ; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1883 ; came to Nebraska in 1885 ; was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 4 91 
 
 three times prosecuting attorney, twice by appointment and 
 once by election, refusing a second nomination for the position ; 
 was elected district judge of fourteenth district in 1895, and 
 re-elected to the same position in 1899, which position he held 
 when nominated for congress; was elected: to the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth, and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a republican ; and resides in McCook, Neb. 
 
 258. Kincaid, Moses P., United States congressman from the 
 sixth district of Nebraska, was born in Monongalia county, W. 
 Va. F]or twenty-two years he has practiced law in Holt county, 
 Neb. ; in 1883 was a member of the Nebraska state senate ; and 
 in 1887-96 was district judge of Nebraska. He was a member 
 of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Ne- 
 braska as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the sixth district of Nebraska for the term of 
 1909-11; resides in O'Neill, Neb. 
 
 259. Newlands, Francis Griffith, United States senator from 
 Nevada, was born in Natchez, Miss., August 28, 1848; entered 
 the class of 1867 at Yale College and remained until the middle 
 of his junior year ; later on attended the Columbian college law 
 school at Washington, but prior to graduation was admitted to 
 the bar by the supreme court of the District of Columbia and 
 went to San Francisco, where he entered upon the practice of 
 law and continued in the active practice of his profession until 
 1888, when he became a citizen of the state of Nevada ; was 
 elected to the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, and 
 fifty-seventh congresses, and served on the committees on Irri- 
 gation, Foreign Affairs, Banking and Currency, and Ways and 
 Means ; was elected to the United States senate to succeed Hon. 
 John P. Jones, republican, for the term beginning March 4, 1903 
 In the general election of 1908 Mr. Newlands submitted his can- 
 didacy for re-election to a popular vote, under the election law 
 of Nevada, and received a large majority over the votes of all 
 competitors. The legislature, being pledged in advance by the 
 party platform to carry out the popular will, thereupon without 
 opposition, re-elected him United States senator for the term 
 ending March 3, 1915 ; and resides in Reno, Nev. 
 
 260. Nixon, George S., United States senator from Nevada. 
 was born April 2, 1860, in Placer county, Cal. He was educated 
 in the public schools of that state ; and became a telegraph 
 operator. He is president of the First national bank of Winne- 
 mucca ; and general manager of the Nye and Ormsby county 
 bank at Carson City, Nev. He served as a member of the Ne- 
 
493 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 vada legislature as a republican in 1891. He was elected to the 
 United States senate for the term of 1905-11; and resides in 
 Reno, Nevada. 
 
 261. Bartlett, George A., United States congressman at large 
 from Nevada, was born at San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 30, 1869; 
 educated in the common schools of Nevada, where he has 
 resided since birth ; lawyer by profession ; graduate of law de- 
 partment, Georgetown university. Washington, D. C., in 1894; 
 was elected and served two years as district attorney of Eureka 
 county; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat; and resides in Tonopah, 
 Nev. 
 
 262. Gallinger, Jacob Harold, United States senator from 
 New Hampshire, was born March 28, 1837, in Canada. He 
 practiced medicine and surgery from 1858 until he entered public 
 life. He was a member of the house of representatives of New 
 Hampshire in 1872-73 and 1891 ; and was a member of the state 
 senate in 1878-80, being president of that body the last two 
 years. He was surgeon-general of New Hampshire with the 
 rank of brigadier-general in 1879-80. He was chairman of the 
 delegation from his state to the republican national convention 
 of 1888. He was a member of the forty-ninth and fiftieth con- 
 gresses as a republican, and declined renomination to the fifty- 
 first congress. Since 1890 he has been a member of the United 
 States senate, and is now serving the term ending in 1915 ; and 
 resides in Concord, N. H. 
 
 263. Burnham, Henry Eben, United States senator from 
 New Hampshire, was born Nov. 8, 1844, in Dumbarton, N. H. 
 In 1876-79 he was judge of probate at Manchester, N. H. Since 
 1901 he has been a member of the United States senate, and is 
 now serving the term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Man- 
 chester, N. H. 
 
 264. Sulloway, Cyrus Adams, United States congressman 
 from the first district of New Hampshire, was born June 8, 1839. 
 in Grafton, N. H. He was a member of the New Hampshire 
 house of representatives in 1872-73 and 1887-93. He was a 
 member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh ; 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the first 
 district of New Hampshire for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Manchester, N. H. 
 
 265. Currier, Frank Dunklee, United States congressman 
 from the second district of New Hampshire, was born Oct. 30, 
 1853, in Canaan, N. H. He served with distinction in the New 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 49.1 
 
 Hampshire state senate in 1887, and was made president of that 
 body. He still resides in the place of his nativity, and his por- 
 trait hangs in the new library building of the state capitol. He 
 was a member of the fifty-seventh ; fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to sixty-first congress 
 from the second district of New Hampshire for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Canaan, N. H. 
 
 266. Kean, John, United States senator from New Jersey, 
 was born Dec. 1, 1852, near Elizabeth, N. J. He studied at 
 private school ; and entered Yale college in the class of 1876. 
 He graduated at Columbia college law school in 1875. He was 
 elected to the forty-eighth and fiftieth congresses ; and was 
 republican candidate for governor in 1892. He is president of 
 the National State bank of Elizabeth, N. J. ; and vice-president 
 of the Manhattan Trust company of New York. He was elected 
 to the United States senate in 1899 ; and his term will expire in 
 1911 ; and resides in Ursino, N. J. 
 
 267. Briggs, Frank Obadiah, United States senator from 
 New Jersey, was born at Concord, N. H., in the year 1851, and 
 was a student at Phillip's Exeter academy in 1866, 1867, and 
 1868, and at West Point, graduating from the latter institution 
 with the class of 1872. He served in the Second U. S. Infantry 
 as second lieutenant until 1877, when he moved to Trenton, N. 
 J., and became associated with John A. Roebling's Sons Com- 
 pany, of which company he is assistant treasurer. He was 
 elected mayor of Trenton April 11, 1899, by a majority of 816 
 over Joseph A. Corey, democrat, and served as such until Jan. 
 1, 1902 ; was appointed a member of the state board of education 
 by Governor Voorhees in 1901 for a term of three years, but 
 resigned that office Jan. 3, 1902. when he was appointed state 
 treasurer by Governor Voorhees to fill the vacancy caused by 
 the death of George B. Swain, of Newark, which occurred on 
 December 25, 1901. The appointment of Mr. Briggs was ad 
 interim, and on February 11, 1902. he was elected by a joint 
 meeting of the legislature for a full term of three years, and 
 re-elected in 1905. In 1904 he was elected chairman of the state 
 republican committee and displayed great ability and industry 
 in the management of the successful campaign of that vear. 
 Mr. Briggs was elected United States senator on Feb. 5, 1907, 
 to succeed Hon. J. F. Dryden. His term of service will expire 
 March 3, 1913 ; and resides in Trenton, N. J. 
 
 268. Loudenslager, Henry Clay, United States congressman 
 from the first district of New Jersey, was born May 22, 1852, 
 in Manricetown, N. J. For ten years he was engaged in the 
 
494 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 produce commission business in Philadelphia, Pa. He was 
 elected county clerk in 1882 and re-elected in 1887. He was a 
 member of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the third district of New Jersey for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Paulsboro, N. J. 
 
 269. Gardner, John J., United States congressman from the 
 second district of New Jersey, was born in 1845 in Atlantic 
 county, N. J. He was a member of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from New Jersey as a republican. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the second district of 
 New Jersey for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Atlantic 
 City, N. J. 
 
 270. Howell, Benjamin Franklin, United Stales congressman 
 from the third district of New Jersey, was born January, 1844, 
 in Cumberland county, N. J. He is president of the People's 
 National bank of New Brunswick. He was a member of the 
 fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the third district of New Jersey for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in New Brunswick, N. J. 
 
 271. Wood, Ira W., United States congressman from the 
 fourth district of New Jersey, was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; 
 is an alumnus of Princeton University ; is a member of the New 
 Jersey bar ; has been a member of the board of education and 
 the common council of the city of Trenton ; was president of the 
 board of trade of Trenton; was elected to the New Jersey 
 legislature as a member of assembly in 1899 and 1900 ; was 
 appointed by Governor Murphy a commissioner for New Jersey 
 to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition ; was elected to the fifty- 
 eighth congress to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of 
 Hon. William M. Lanning as district judge for the district of 
 New Jersey, vice Hon. Andrew Kirkpatrick, deceased, and also 
 for fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a republican; and resides in Trenton, N. J. 
 
 272. Fowler, Charles Newell, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of New Jersey, was born Nov. 2, 1852, in 
 Lena, 111. He is a business man of Elizabeth, N. J. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fiftv-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fifth 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 495 
 
 district of New Jersey for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 273. Hughes, William, United States congressman from the 
 sixth district of New Jersey, was born in 1872 ; is counselor at 
 laws served in the Second New Jersey Volunteers, Spanish- 
 American war ; married Margaret Hughes, July 16, 1898 ; was 
 elected to the fifty-eighth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress, for the term of 1909-11; and resides 
 in Paterson, N. J. 
 
 274. Parker, Richard Wayne, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of New Jersey, was born Aug. 6, 1848 ; 
 graduated from Princeton college in 1867 and from the law 
 school of Columbia college in 1869; was admitted to the bar of 
 New Jersey in June, 1870 ; was a member of the house of assem- 
 bly of New Jersey in 1885 and 1886 ; was the republican candi- 
 date for the fifty-third congress ; was elected to the fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth,fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, and 
 sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as 
 a republican; and resides in Newark, N. J. 
 
 275. Wiley, William Halsted, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of New Jersey, was born in New York 
 City, July 10, 1842, and after preparation entered what is now 
 the college of the city of New York in 1856, and received the 
 degree of A. B. in 1861 ; entered the Union army in the New 
 York state volunteers, and was mustered out in 1864 by the 
 consolidation of his regiment ; matriculated at the Rensselaer 
 Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., in the fall of 1864, entering 
 the advanced course, and graduated in 1866, receiving the degree 
 of civil engineer; followed that profession for several years, 
 and then took a special course in mining at the Columbia col- 
 lege school of mines, and became superintendent of a mine, re- 
 maining several years ; at the request of his father, entered his 
 business as a partner in 1876 ; was elected to the township com- 
 mittee of East Orange, where he served three years, and was 
 president of that body for one year ; in the International expo- 
 sition at Brussels, in 1877, was president of, one of the juries and 
 a member of the superior jury, for which he received the decora- 
 tion of the Order of Leopold from the King; was appointed by 
 the governor of New Jersey a member of the commission for 
 the Louisiana Purchase Exposition ; was married, in 1870, to 
 Miss Joanna King Clark ; was elected to the fifty-eighth and 
 fifty-ninth congresses ; was not a candidate for re-election to the 
 sixtieth congress, but was nominated without opposition and 
 
496 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 elected to the sixty-first congress; and resides in East Orange, 
 
 N. J. 
 
 276. Kinkead, Eugene F., United States congressman from 
 the: ninth district of New Jersey, was born March 21, 1876; 
 elected alderman in Jersey City, 1898, serving as president of 
 the board; was elected to the sixty-first congress, receiving 
 23,485 votes to 18,608 for Crickfield, republican, and 823 for 
 Reilly, socialist, 82 for Gray, prohibitionist, and 71 for Heimbeg, 
 socialist labor ; and resides in Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 277. Hamill, James A., United States congressman from the 
 tenth district of New Jersey, was born in Jersey City, N. J. : 
 March 30, 1877; received his education at St. Peter's college, 
 Jersey City, from which institution he was graduated in 1897, 
 receiving the degree of A. B., and in the subsequent year that 
 of A. M. ; completed the regular course of lectures in the New 
 York law school, and in 1899 obtained the degree of LL. B. ; 
 was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1900; was 
 elected in 1902 a member of the New Jersey house of assembly, 
 where he served four consecutive one-year terms, during the last 
 two of which he was leader in that body of the democratic 
 minority; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Jersey 
 
 City, N. J." 
 
 278. Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, United States senator from 
 New York, was born April 23, 1834, in Peekskill, N. Y. In 
 1861 he was elected to the New York state legislature ; was re- 
 elected ; and became secretary of state. In 1875 he became 
 counsel of the Vanderbilt railway system ; and subsequently its 
 president. He was a prominent candidate for president in the 
 national republican convention of 1888. He is the author of 
 two works entitled Orations and After-Dinner Speeches; and 
 Later Speeches. In 1885 he became president of the New York 
 Central Hudson River railroad. He was elected to the United 
 States senate in 1899; and his term will expire in 1911; and 
 resides in Peekskill, N. Y. 
 
 279. Root, Elihu, United States senator from New York, was 
 born Feb. 15, 1845, in Clinton, N. Y. In 1867-83 he was in the 
 active practice of law in the city of New York ; and in 1883-85 
 was United States attorney for the southern district of New 
 York. In 1894 he was a delegate to the state constitutional con- 
 vention of New York, and chairman of the judiciary committee. 
 He was a member of the commission on the Alaskan boundary; 
 and in 1899-1904 was United States secretary of war. In 1905- 
 09 he was United States secretary of state; in 1900 he was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 497 
 
 elected to the United States senate for the term ending in 1915 ; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 280. Cocks,William Willets, United States congressman from 
 the first district of New York, was born July 24, 1861, in West- 
 bury, Long Island, N. Y. He was educated at Swarthmore col- 
 lege. He is by occupation a farmer, having farms on Long 
 Island and a ranch in Wabaunsee county, Kans. He has always 
 been identified with public affairs of his community, having 
 been elected commissioner of highways of the town of North 
 Hempstead in 1894, and re-elected until he resigned when 
 elected state senator in 1900. He was elected to the fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of New York for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Old Westbury, N. Y. 
 
 281. Lindsay, George Henry, United States congressman 
 from the second district of New York, was born in New York 
 city. For many years he was engaged in the hotel business. In 
 1882-86 he was a member of the state assembly from the 
 seventh district. In 1886-98 he was coroner for the second 
 district of Kings county; and in 1898 was appointed assistant 
 tax commissioner in the department of taxes and assessments 
 of the city of New York. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the second district of 
 New York for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. 
 
 282. Foelker, Otto Godfrey, United States congressman from 
 the third district of New York, was born in 1875 in Germany. 
 Since 1895 he has lived in Brooklyn, N. Y. He attended the 
 public schools; studied law; and was subsequently admitted to 
 practice. In 1904-05 he was a member of the New York state 
 assembly; and in 1906-08 he was a member of the state senate. 
 While in the state senate he was chairman of the committee on 
 canals ; and was also a member of the committees of affairs on 
 cities, taxation, retrenchment and state prisons. In 1908-11 he 
 was a representative from New York to the sixtieth congress to 
 fill a vacancy and to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; 
 and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 283. Law, Charles Blakeslee, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of New York, was born Feb. 5, 1872, 
 in Hannibal, N. Y. In 1891 he graduated from Colgate academy; 
 and in 1895 from Amherst college. Since 1897 he has practiced 
 law in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congress. He was re-elected to th« sixty-first congress 
 
498 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from the fourth district of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 284. Young, Richard. United States congressman from the 
 fifth district of New York, has been a resident of Flatbush, N. 
 Y., more than twenty years ; was born in Ireland ; came to this 
 country when five years of age with his parents, who settled in 
 Philadelphia, where he was educated in the public schools, and 
 graduated from commercial college ; went to New York to 
 engage in the leather trade, and is now president of the Richard 
 Young Company, one of the most important leather houses 
 in the country, having branches and agencies, not alone in the 
 United States, but throughout the world ; was married to Har- 
 riet M. Wells, of Wellsville, Pa., in 1873, and has two children, 
 a married daughter and son ; was school commissioner seven 
 years; organized the Erasmus Hall high school and has been 
 chairman from its establishment ; was appointed park commis- 
 sioner for the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens under Mayor 
 Low, and his work in that department attracted much attention ; 
 transformed the barren sand waste at Coney Island into the 
 beautiful Seaside Park, the redeeming feature at Coney Island ; 
 bult the sea wall and concourse at that resort and macademized 
 the boulevard from Kings highway to the sea. During his ad- 
 ministration the east side land was transformed from a dis- 
 agreeable, neglected waste into the attractive Institute Park ; 
 he directed many improvements in parks and parkways of 
 Brooklyn and also in Queens county ; has traveled extensively, 
 and ten years ago spent ten months in making a tour of the 
 world ; took the initiative and active part in the organization 
 of the Flatbush Trust company; is a director in the Nassau 
 bank of New York, trustee in the East River Savings Institu- 
 tion, member of the New York Chamber of Commerce. Manu- 
 facturers' Association of New York, the Brooklyn League. 
 Union League, Hamilton and Drug and Chemical Clubs. In 1905 
 was nominated by the republican party for comptroller on the 
 ticket with Charles E. Hughes, and when Mr. Hughes found it 
 impossible to accept the mayoralty nomination it was tendered 
 to Mr. Young, but owing to impaired health at that time he was 
 compelled to decline ; was elected to the sixty-first congress ; and 
 resides in Filatbush, N. Y. 
 
 285. Calder, William M., United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of New York, was born March 3, 1869, in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. He received his education in the public schools 
 of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; and at the Cooper institute of New York City. 
 He is a builder, having erected nearly one thousand houses in 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 499 
 
 the borough of Brooklyn. He was building commissioner of 
 the borough of Brooklyn in 1902-03. He was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the sixtieth district of New York for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 286. Fitzgerald, John Joseph, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of New York, was born March 10. 
 1872, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and received his preliminary education 
 in the schools cf the city; entered Manhattan college of New 
 York city; and graduated therefrom, receiving the degrees of 
 bachelor and master of arts. He was a delegate to the national 
 democratic convention of Kansas City in 1900. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the seventh district of New York for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 287. Riordan, Daniel J., United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of New York, was born in Hester St., New 
 York City, in the eighth congressional district in 1870, and has 
 lived all his life within the district. He attended the public 
 schools of the district until 1886, when he entered Manhattan col- 
 lege, and was graduated in 1890, receiving the degree of A. B. He 
 then became a partner in the real estate business conducted by 
 his father. In 1902 he was elected to the State senate, and was 
 appointed by Lieutentnt-Governor Higgins a member of the 
 committee on insurance and military affairs. He was renomi- 
 nated for State senator in 1904 and on his election was appointed 
 by Lieutenant-Governor Bruce a member of the committees on 
 insurance, forest, fish and game, and military affairs. In the lat- 
 ter part of 1905 he was appointed a member of the special in- 
 surance investigating committee. Mr. Riordan was elected a 
 member of the fifty-sixth congress, to serve out the unexpired 
 term of Timothy D. Sullivan, resigned, in the fifty-ninth con- 
 gress, and to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress, as a democrat ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 288. Goldfogle, Henry M., United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of New York, was born in New York 
 city. In 1887-1900 he was justice of the fifth district court of 
 New York. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from New York as a dem- 
 ocrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 ninth district of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in New York city. 
 
 289. Sulzer, William, United States congressman from the 
 
500 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tenth district of New York, was born March 18, 1863, in Eliza- 
 beth, N. J. He was educated in the public schools, studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1884, and is a well-known lawyer 
 of New York city. He was a member of the legislature in 1889- 
 94; in 1892 he was the leader of the majority of the assembly, 
 and in 1893 he was speaker of the assembly. In 1894 he was the 
 leader of the minority of the assembly. He was a member of 
 the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth district of New 
 York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 290. Fornes, Charles Vincent, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of New York, was born, 1848, in Erie 
 county, N. Y. ; graduated from Union academy, Lockport, N. Y., 
 and was principal of a Buffalo public school for three years ; 
 he then became bookkeeper and cashier of a wholesale woolen 
 house in Buffalo, and in 1877 formed the firm of C. V. Fornes 
 and Co., importers and jobbers cf woolens, New York city. For 
 two terms, from January, 1902, to January, 1906, Mr. Fornes was 
 president of the board of aldermen of New York city. Since 
 1889 he has been a trustee of the Immigrants' Industrial Savings 
 bank ; since 1890 trustee of the New York Catholic Protectory, 
 and since 1903 vice-president of the Columbian National Life 
 Insurance Company of Boston ; was president of the Catholic 
 Club from 1889 to 1894, and an incorporator of the City Trust 
 Company of New York ; was elected to the sixtieth congress, 
 and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and 
 resides in New York city. 
 
 291. Conry, Michael F., United States congressman from the 
 twelfth district of New York, was born at Shenandoah, Pa.. 
 April 2, 1870 ; was educated in the public schools of his native 
 town. Taught school for seven years ; attended the University 
 of Michigan and graduated from that institution in 1896, receiv- 
 ing the degree of LL. B. ; is a lawyer by profession; is married 
 and has three children ; served two years as assistant corpora- 
 tion counsel of the city of New York ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a democrat ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 292. Parsons, Herbert, United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of New York city, was born Oct. 28, 1869. 
 He was educated at private schools at New York, at St. Paul's 
 school, Concord, N. H., at Yale university, at the university of 
 Berlin, and at the Harvard law school ; and graduated at Yale 
 in 1890. He was twice elected alderman of the city of New 
 York. For several years he was a member of tlie New York 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 501 
 
 national guard, as private, non-commissioned officer, and com- 
 missioned officer. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the thirteenth district of New York city for the term of 1909-11; 
 and resides in New York city. 
 
 293. Willett, William, United States congressman from the 
 fourteenth district of New York, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 Nov. 27, 1869 ; was educated in the public schools of Brooklyn 
 and in the University of the city of New York, graduating 
 from the university with the degree of LL. R. in 1896, since 
 which time he has been constantly engaged in the practice of 
 law; is married; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a 
 democrat and resides in Long Island City, N. Y. 
 
 294. Olcott, Jacob Van Vechten, United States congress- 
 man from the fifteenth district of New York ; was born May 17, 
 1856, in New York city. He was educated in the public schools, 
 college of the city of New York, and Columbia college law 
 school. He was a member of the board of civil service commis- 
 sioners in New York city in 1895-97. He was a member of 
 the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congress from New York. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the fifteenth district 
 of New York for the term of 1909-1911 ; and resides in New 
 York city. 
 
 295. Harrison, Francis Burton, United States congressman 
 from the sixteenth district of New York, was born Dec. 18. 
 1873, in the city of New York; graduated A. B. from Yale, 1895, 
 and LL. B. from New York Law School, 1897 ; was instructor 
 at New York law school, 1897-1899; during the war with 
 Spain was a private, Troop A. New York volunteer cavalry, 
 and captain and assistant adjutant-general. United States vol- 
 unteers ; is a lawyer is married ; was elected to the fifty-eighth 
 congress from the thirteenth New York district; was Demo- 
 cratic candidate for lieutenant-governor of New York, 1904 ; was 
 elected to the sixtieth congress and was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a democrat and resides in New York city. 
 
 296. Bennet, William S., United States congressman from 
 the seventeenth district of New York, was born Nov. 9, 1870. 
 in Port Jervis, N. Y. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native state; and graduated from Jarvis academy and 
 from the Albany law school. In 1892 he was admitted to the 
 bar; and was official reporter of the board of supervisors of 
 Orange county, N. Y. In 1901-02 he was a member of the New 
 York state assembly. In 1903 he was justice of the municipal 
 court in New York city. In 1905-11 he was a representative 
 
502 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from New York to the fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first con- 
 gresses as a republican, and resides in New York city. 
 
 297. Goulden, Joseph A., United States congressman from 
 the eighteenth district of New York, was born in Pennsylvania. 
 In 1864-65 he served in the navy during the civil war. He is 
 manager of a life insurance company of New York city. For 
 ten years he was commissioner and trustee of the public schools 
 of New York city. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from New York as a democrat. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the eighteenth 
 district of New York for the term of 1909-1911 ; and resides in 
 Fordham, N. Y. 
 
 298. Andrus, John Emory, United States congressman from 
 the nineteenth district of New York, was born Feb. 16, 1841, 
 at Pleasantville. He was fitted for college at Charlotteville 
 seminary of Schoharie county, N. Y. ; and graduated from Wes- 
 leyan university of Middletown, Conn. He taught school in 
 New Jersey for four years ; engaged in the manufacture of 
 medicinal preparations and is president of the New York phar- 
 maceutical association and of the Palisade Manufacturing com- 
 pany. He was elected mayor of Yonkers in 1903. He was elected 
 to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the nineteenth district of New 
 York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 299. Bradley, Thomas W., United States congressman from 
 the twentieth district of New York, was born April 6, 1844. He 
 entered the union army as a private soldier; passed through 
 all intermediate grades; and became a captain in the one hun- 
 dred and twenty-fourth New York volunteers. He was awarded 
 the congressoinal medal of honor for gallantry at Chancellors- 
 ville; and was brevetted major of United States volunteers for 
 meritorious service during the campaign terminating at Appo- 
 mattox. In 1876 he was a representative in the New York state 
 legislature. He was a member of the fifty-eighth ; fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from New York as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the twentieth dis- 
 trict of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Wal- 
 don, N. Y. 
 
 300. Fish, Hamilton, United States congressman from the 
 twenty-first district of New York, was born April 17, 1849, in 
 Albany, N. Y. He was educated in private schools in Putnam 
 county and in Switzerland. In 1868 he graduated from Colum- 
 bia college; and in 1873 was admitted to the practice of law. In 
 1869-71 he was private secretary to his father, who was secretary 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 503 
 
 of state of the United States under President Grant's adminis- 
 tration. He served eleven years in the assembly of the state 
 of New York ; and in 1895 and 1896 was speaker. Inl903-08 he 
 was assistant treasurer of the United States at New York city. 
 During 1909-11 he was a representative from New York to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican; and resides in Garrison, N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 301. Draper, William H., United States congressman from 
 the twenty-second district of New York, was born June 24, 1841, 
 in Worcester county, Mass. He moved to Troy in 1847 and 
 has resided there ever since; attended the public schools until 
 1856 and then entered upon a mercantile career. He is now en- 
 gaged in manufacturing cordage and twine under the firm name 
 of William H. Draper and Son. For four years he served as 
 trustee of the village of Lansingburg; and in 1896-1900 was corn- 
 commissioner of jurors for Rensselaer county. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from New York as a republican. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the twenty-second district of New 
 York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Troy, N. Y. 
 
 302. Southwick, George N., United States congressman from 
 the twenty-third district of New York, was born March 7, 1863.. 
 in Albany, N. Y. He was made editor of the Albany Evening 
 Journal in 1889. He was a member from New York to the fifty- 
 fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the twenty-third district of New 
 York for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Albany, N. Y. 
 
 303. Fairchild, George Winthrop, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-fourth district of New York, was born in One- 
 onta, Otsego county, N. Y., May 6, 1854, the son of the late 
 Jesse Fairchild, who came from Connecticut, being a direct 
 descendant of Thomas Fairchild, who settled in Stratford, Conn., 
 in 1639 ; his mother is a granddaughter of Thomas Morenus, a 
 revolutionary soldier, and daughter of Jeremiah Morenus, a vet- 
 eran of the war of 1812 ; is married. Was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republi- 
 can ; and resides in Oneonta, N. Y. 
 
 304. Durey, Cyrus, United States congressman from the 
 twenty-fifth district of New York, was born in Caroga, Fulton 
 county, N. Y., May 16, 1864; educated in common schools and 
 Johnstown academy; is president and acting manager of Car- 
 oga lumber company, engaged in lumbering; has been super- 
 visor's clerk, supervisor, postmaster at Johnstown in 1898-1906 ; 
 
504 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and was a member of the republican state committee in 1904- 
 1906; was elected to the sixtieth congress and re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress for term ending in 1911 ; and resides in John- 
 stown, N. Y. 
 
 305. Malby, George R., was born at Canton, St. Lawrence 
 county, N. Y., Sept. 16, 1857 ; educated in Canton Union school 
 and St. Lawrence university, from which he received the degree 
 of M. S. ; is an attorney and counselor at law, doing business 
 under the firm name of Malby & Lucey ; was elected to the New 
 York state assembly in 1890 and served in that body continu- 
 ously for five years; was elected leader of his party in 1893 in 
 that body, and speaker in 1894; was elected to the New York 
 state senate in 1895 and served continuously in that body until 
 Jan. 1907, being a member of committees on military affairs, 
 insurance, miscellaneous corporations, chairman of codes, and 
 for eleven years member of the finance committee, and the last 
 four years its chairman ; married in 1883 ; was elected to the 
 sixtieth congress and re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican and resides in Ogdensburg, N. Y. 
 
 306. Millington, Charles S., United States congressman from 
 the twenty-seventh district of New York, was born in the town 
 of Norway, Herkimer county, N. Y., March 13, 1855, the son of 
 Dr. Stephen R. and Harty (Lambertson) Millington. He was 
 educated in the district schools of Poland, the Fairfield academy, 
 and at Hungerford Collegiate Institute, and at the age of 17 en- 
 tered the employ of the Hungerford National Bank, at Adams. 
 N. Y. ; he later organized and became the cashier of the Bank of 
 Poland, which, in 1880, he organized into a national bank; he 
 continued as its cashier until 1894, when he moved to Herkimer 
 as vice-president of Herkimer Bank, of which he was made 
 president in 1895, and which became a national bank in 1898. 
 Mr. Millington is also president of the First National Bank of 
 Dolgeville, vice-president of the Mohawk valley real estate com- 
 pany, and a trustee of the Herkimer free library. On March 
 6, 1878, he married Allie T., daughter of John Robert Webster, 
 of Poland ; Mrs. Millington died Feb. 13, 1902. Their children 
 are Maud (Mrs. Edwin Caswell Pelton), Harty, and Ada Mil- 
 lington. He was elected to the sixty-first congress, as a repub- 
 lican; and resides in Herkimer, N. Y. 
 
 307. Knapp, Charles Luman, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-eighth district of New York, was born July 
 4, 1847, in Harrisburg, N. Y. He was educated at Lowville 
 academy and Rutgers college In 1885 was elected to the state 
 senate. In 1889-93 he was consul-general to Montreal. He was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 505 
 
 a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses from New York as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the twenty-eighth dis- 
 trict of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Low- 
 ville, N. Y. 
 
 308. Driscoll, Michael Edward, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-ninth district of New York, was born Feb. 9, 
 1851, in Syracuse, N. Y. Since 1879 he has been actively en- 
 gaged in the practice of law in his native city ; and has gained 
 prominence in conducting negligent actions against large corpor- 
 ations at Syracuse, N. Y. He was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from New 
 York as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the twenty-ninth district of New York for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 309. Dwight, John Wilbur, United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of New York, was born May 24, 1859, in 
 Dryden, N. Y. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from New York as a 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the thirtieth district of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Dryden, N. Y. 
 
 310. Payne, Sereno Elisha, United States congressman from 
 the thirty-first district of New York, was born June 26, 1843, in 
 Hamilton, N. Y. In 1868-71 he was city clerk of Auburn, N. Y. : 
 supervisor in 1871-72; district attorney of his county in 1873-79; 
 and in 1879-82 was president of the board of education. He was 
 a member of the forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fifty-first, fifty-sec- 
 ond, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the thirty-first 
 district of New York for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 311. Perkins, James Breck, United States congressman from 
 the thirty-second district of New York, was born Nov. 4, 1847, 
 in St. Croix Falls, Wis. He is a lawyer of Rochester, N. Y. ; 
 and was a member of the New York state assembly in 1878 
 Hfe is author of France Under Mazzarin ; France Under the 
 Regency; France Under Louis XV; Life of Richelieu, in the 
 Heroes of the Nations series. He was a member of the fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 New York. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the thirty-second district of New York for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Rochester, N. Y. 
 
506 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 312. Fassett, Jacob Sloat, United States congressman from 
 the thirty-third district of New York, was born Nov. 13, 1853, 
 in Elmira, N.Y. In 1875 he duly graduated from the Rochester 
 university; and in 1878 was commissioned district attorney for 
 the county of Chemung; and subsequently studied abroad. Dur- 
 ing 1884-92 he was a member of the New York state senate: 
 and for three years was temporary president of the senate. In 
 1888 he was a delegate to the republican national convention ; 
 and in 1891 was nominated by the republicans for governor of 
 New York. In 1892 he was temporary president of the national 
 republican committee. He controls the management of the 
 Second national bank of New York. He was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the thirty-third district of New York for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Elmira, N. Y. 
 
 313. Simmons, James S., United States congressman from 
 the thirty-fourth district of New York, was born in Frederick 
 county, Md., Nov. 25, 1861;; was educated at Liberty academy 
 and Frederick college; has been engaged in the real estate 
 business during all of his business life ; in 1909 was elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Niag- 
 ara Falls, N.Y. 
 
 314. Driscoll, Daniel A., United States congressman from 
 the thirty-fifth district of New York, was born in the city of 
 Buffalo, N. Y., March 6, 1875 ; received his early education at 
 the public schools and upon leaving the central high school be- 
 came engaged in the undertaking business of his father, Tim- 
 othy Driscoll ; is also engaged in other business enterprises, 
 never held public office prior to his election to congress ; was 
 elected to the sixty-first congress in 1909 as a democrat ; and 
 resides in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 315. Alexander, De Alva Stanwood, United States congress- 
 man from the thirty-sixth district of New York, was born July 
 17, 1846, in Richmond, Maine. At the age of fifteen he entered 
 the army, serving three years, and until the close of the war, as 
 a private soldier. In 1881 was appointed fifth auditor of the 
 treasury department, and during his residence in Washington 
 was elected and served one term as commander of the depart- 
 ment of the Potomac, Grand Army of the Republic. In 1889- 
 93 he was United States attorney for the northern district of 
 New York, holding the office until Dec. 1893. He was a member 
 of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from the thirty-sixth district of New 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 507 
 
 York and was re-elected to the sixty-first congress for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 316. Vreeland, Edward Butterfield, United States congress- 
 man from the thirty-seventh district of New York in 1857 in 
 Cuba, N. Y. In 1877-82 he was superintendent of schools of 
 Salamanca. Since 1891 he has been president of the salamanca 
 trust company. He was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from New York 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the thirty-seventh district of New York for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Salamanca, N. Y. 
 
 317. Simmons, Furnifold McLendel, United States senator 
 from North Carolina, was born Jan. 20, 1854, in Jones county, S. 
 C. In 1876 he moved to New Berne, N. C, where he has since 
 resided and practiced law. He was a member of the fiftieth con- 
 gress as a democrat. He is chairman of the North Carolina 
 democratic state committee for the term of 1904-08. He was 
 elected to the United States senate in 1901 and his term will 
 expire in 1913 ; and resides in Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 318. Overman, Lee Slater, United States senator from North 
 Carolina, was born January 3, 1854, in Salisbury, Rowan county ; 
 graduated at Trinity college, North Carolina, with the degree 
 of A. B., June, 1874; the degree of M. A. was conferred upon 
 him two years later ; taught school two years ; was private sec- 
 retary to Governor Z. B. Vance in 1877-78, and private secretary 
 to Governor Thomas J. Jarvis in 1879; began the practice of 
 law in his native town in 1880 ; has had a leading practice ; was 
 five times a member of the legislature, sessions of 1883, 1885, 
 1887, 1893, and 1899 ; was the choice of a democratic caucus 
 for speaker in 1887, and was defeated by one vote through a 
 combination of independents and republicans ; was the unani- 
 mous choice of his party and elected speaker of the house of 
 representatives, session of 1893 ; was president of the North Caro- 
 lina Railroad Company in 1894 ; was the choice of the demo- 
 cratic caucus for United States senator in 1895, and defeated in 
 open session by Hon. Jeter C. Pritchard through a combina- 
 tion of republicans and populists ; was president of the demo- 
 cratic state convention in 1900 ; has been for ten years a mem- 
 ber of the board of trustees of the state university; is also trus- 
 tee of Trinity college ; was chosen presidential elector for the 
 state at large in 1900; married Mary P., the eldest daughter of 
 Unitd States senator, afterwards chief justice, A. S. Merrimon, 
 Oct. 31, 1878; was elected to the United States senate to sue- 
 
508 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ceed Hon. Jeter C. Pritchard, republican, for the term begin- 
 ning March 4, 1903, and re-elected in 1909. His term of service 
 will expire March 3, 1915 ; and resides in Salisbury, N. C. 
 
 319. Small, John Humphrey, United States congressman from 
 the first district of North Carolina, was born Aug. 29, 1858, in 
 Washington, N. C. In 1883-86 he was proprietor and editor of 
 the Washington Gazette ; and was one year mayor of Wash- 
 ington, N. C. He was elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from North Caro- 
 lina as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of North Carolina for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Washington, N. C. 
 
 320. Kitchin, Claude, United States congressman from the 
 second district of North Carolina, was born March 24, 1869, in 
 Scotland Neck, N. C. He is a lawyer of his native city. He 
 was elected to the fifty-seventh and fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from North Carolina as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the second district of North 
 Carolina for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Scotland Neck, 
 N. C. 
 
 321. Thomas, Charles Randolph, United States congressman 
 from the third district of North Carolina, was born Aug. 21, 
 1861, in Beaufort, N. C. He was educated at the New Bern 
 academy, and the university of North Carolina. He was a 
 member of the house of representatives of the North Carolina 
 legislature in 1887 ; served six years as attorney for the county of 
 Craven in 1890-1896 ; and was elected in 1896 democratic presi- 
 dential elector. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from North Caro- 
 lina as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the third district of North Carolina for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in New Bern, N. C. 
 
 322. Pou, Edward William, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of North Carolina, was born Sept. 9, 1863, in 
 Tuskegee, Ala. He practiced law in Smithfield, N. C. ; and was 
 solicitor in 1890-1900. He was elected to the fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from North Carolina 
 as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the fourth district of North Carolina for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Smithfield, N. C. 
 
 323. Morehead, John Motley, United States congressman, 
 from the fifth district of North Carolina, was born July 20, 1866, 
 at Charlotte, Mecklenburg county, N. C, the son of Col. John 
 Lindsay Morehead and Sarah Phifer; grandson of Governor 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 509 
 
 John Motley Morehead, who was twice elected as Whig govern- 
 or of North Carolina, in 1840-1844. Mr. Morehead was educated 
 in the primary schools of Charlotte and in the Bingham Military 
 school of North Carolina; graduated from the University of 
 North Carolina in 1886 with the degree of A. B., afterwards com- 
 pleting a business course in Bryant and Strattcn College, Balti- 
 more ; was collecting teller of the Charlotte National Bank of 
 Charlotte, N. C. ; buyer and dealer in leaf tobacco at Durham, 
 N. C. ; general manager in closing up the manufacturing and 
 milling interest of J. Turner Morehead company, at Spray ; part 
 owner, with general management of the Phifer farm, in Cabarrus 
 county, N. C, inherited from his maternal grandfather; vice- 
 president of Leaksville Woolen Mills, at Spray, N. C. ; at pres- 
 ent interested in manufacturing and farming ; was elected to the 
 sixty-first congress in 1909 as a republican; and resides in 
 Spray, N. C. 
 
 324. Godwin. Hannibal Lafayette, United States congressman 
 from the sixth district of North Carolina, was born Nov. 3, 
 1873, in Harnett county, N. C. He was educated at Trinity col- 
 lege of Durham, N. C. ; and graduated from the university of 
 North Carolina. He soon attained success in the practice of 
 law. He has been mayor of Dunn, N. C. ; a member of the 
 North Carolina state senate and presidential elector. He was 
 elected to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses from the sixth 
 district of North Carolina for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Dunn, N. C. 
 
 325. Page, Robert Newton, United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of North Carolina, was born at Cary, Wake 
 county, N. C, Oct. 26, 1859 ; educated at Cary high school and 
 Bingham Military school ; moved to Moore county in 1880, and 
 was for twenty years actively engaged in the manufacture of 
 lumber; was treasurer of the Asheboro and Aberdeen Railroad 
 Company from 1890 to 1902; moved to Montgomery county in 
 1897 ; elected from that county to the legislature of 1901 ; mar- 
 ried in 1888 to Miss Flora Shaw, of Moore county, and has 
 four children; was elected to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, and 
 sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as 
 a democrat ; and resides in Biscoe, N. C. 
 
 326. Cowles, Charles H., United States congressman from 
 the eight district of North Carolina, son of Calvin J. Cowles, 
 was born July 16, 1875, in Charlotte, N. C, and moved with his 
 parents to Wilkesboro in Dec. 1885 ; has a common school edu- 
 cation and took a course at a commercial college ; was alderman 
 for Wilkesboro in 1897 ; deputy clerk of the United States courts 
 
510 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 at Statesville and Charlotte from 1899 to 1901 ; private secretary 
 to Representative Blackburn from 1901 to 1903; elected to the 
 lower house of the North Carolina general assembly from Wilkes 
 county in 1904 and re-elected in 1906 ; served as chairman of the 
 republican executive committee for the eighth district from 1904 
 to 1908 ; is a member of the state executive committee for the 
 eighth district from, 1904 to 1908 ; is a member of the state ex- 
 ecutive committee for the eighth district from 1904 to 1908 ; is 
 a member of the state executive committee for the eighth dis- 
 trict ; was a delegate to the republican national convention at 
 Chicago in 1904 and again in 1908; is unmarried; is a member 
 of the Episcopal church; in 1906 established the Wilkes Pa- 
 triot, a weekly republican newspaper ; for many years has been 
 actively engaged in real estate and also in looking after his 
 father's estate; was elected to the sixty-first congress in 1909 
 as a republican ; and resides in Wilkesboro, N. C. 
 
 327. Webb, Edwin Yates, United States congressman from 
 North Carolina, was born aMy 23, 1872, in Shelby, N. C. In 
 1893 he graduated from Wake Forest college ; and then studied 
 law in the university of North Carolina. He was a member of 
 the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from North 
 Carolina as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the ninth district of North Carolina for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Shelby. N. C. 
 
 328. Grant. John Gaston, United States congressman from 
 the tenth district of North Carolina, was born Jan. 1, 1858, in 
 Hendersonville, N. C. In 1888 he was elected to the North 
 Carolina state legislature; and in 1892-96 was elected sheriff of 
 his native county. In 1909-11 he was a representative from 
 North Carolina to the sixty-first congress as a republican; 
 and resides in Hendersonville, N. C. 
 
 329. McCumber, Porter James, United States senator from 
 North Dakota, was born Feb. 3, 1856, in Crete, 111. Since 1880 
 he has practiced law in North Dakota. He was a member of the 
 territorial legislature in 1885 and 1887; and state's attorney of 
 Richland county. Since 1899 he has been a member of the 
 United States senate and his present term ending in 1911 ; and 
 resides in Wahpeton, N. D. 
 
 330. Johnson, Martin N., United States senator from North 
 Dakota, was born in Wisconsin in the vear 1850, and moved to 
 Iowa the same year; graduated at the Iowa State University in 
 1873; taught two years in the California Military Academy at 
 Oakland ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1876 ; 
 seved a term in each branch of the Iowa legislature and was a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 511 
 
 Hayes elector for the Dubuque district in the electoral college 
 of 1876 ; moved to Dakota in 1882 ,and took up Government land. 
 on which he still resides; was elected district attorney in 18-ii 
 and re-elected in 1888 ; was a member of the constitutional con 
 vention of North Dakota in 1889 and chairman of the first re- 
 publican state convention the same year; served on the ways 
 and means committee in the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth congres: es 
 while Mr. Dingley was chairman; received -12 out of a total of 
 80 votes in the republican legisative caucus in November. 1889 
 for United States senator, but was beaten in the joint Lon»-*»n- 
 tion by a coalition of democrats with the minority of the rem b 
 lican caucus; was elected to the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty- 
 fourth, and fifty-fifth congresses as a republican. In 1899 he 
 voluntarily retired from congress to run for United States sen- 
 ator, but was again defeated in the legislature. For the next 
 eight years he took no part in politics, giving his entire time 
 to farming and the grain trade. When in 1907 a comprehensive 
 primary faw was passed in North Dakota, he again became a 
 candidate for United States senator; and he resides in Peters- 
 burg, N. D. 
 
 331. Gronna, Asle J., United States congressman at large 
 from North Dakota, was born Dec. 10, 1858, in Elkader, Iowa. He 
 taught school for two years at Wilmington, Minn. He 
 removed to South Dakota in 1879 where he was engaged in 
 farming and teaching. He is a merchant and banker ; and also 
 extensively engaged^ in farming. He was a member of the 
 territorial" legislature of 1889. He was elected to the fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from North Dakota for the term of 1909-11; and resides 
 in Lakota, N. D. 
 
 332. Hanna, Louis Benjamin, United States congressman 
 from North Dakota, was born Aug. 9, 1861, near Brighton, Pa 
 He was educated in the public and private schools of Pittsfield. 
 Mass • and in New York city. He is vice-president of the First 
 National bank of Fargo, N. D. ; and prominently connected 
 with the business and public affairs of that city. For seven 
 years he was postmaster of Page, N. D. In 1900-02 he was 
 chairman of the county committee of Cass county, N. D. ; and 
 since 1902 has been chairman of the North Dakota republican 
 state committee. In 1895-97 he was a representative in the 
 North Dakota state legislature ; is a thirdy-three degree Mason 
 and has filled numerous positions of trust and honor. In 1897- 
 1901 he was a member of the North Dakota state senate ; and 
 was a member of the North Dakota state senate for Cass county 
 
512 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tfor the term of 1905-09. In 1909-11 he was a representative 
 from North Dakota to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; 
 and resides in Fargo, N. D. 
 
 333. Dick, Charles, United States senator from Ohio, was 
 born Nov. 3, 1858, in Akron, Ohio. He has been a bank teller 
 and grain commission merchant; and in 1894 was admitted to 
 the Ohio bar. During the Spanish-American war he served in 
 the eighth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, in Cuba ; and is 
 now major-general commanding the Ohio national guard. He 
 was a delegate to the republican national conventions in 1892 
 and 1896; and delegate-at-large in 1900 and 1904. He is chair- 
 man of the Ohio republican state committee ; and since 1892 
 he has served almost continuously in that service. He served 
 two terms as auditor of Summit county, Ohio. He was a 
 member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty- 
 eighth congresses from the nineteenth district of Ohio as a re- 
 publican. In 1904 he was elected United States senator from 
 Ohio for the long and short terms to succeed the late Hon 
 Marcus A. Hanna, receiving the unanimous party vote. His 
 present termi of service will expire in 1911 ; he resides in 
 Akron, Ohio. 
 
 334. Burton, Theodore E., United States senator from Ohio, 
 was born Dec. 20, 1851, in Jefferson, Ohio. He began the 
 practice of law at Cleveland in 1875. He is the author of 
 Financial Crisis and Depressions; and Life of John Sherman. 
 He was a member of the fifty-first congress, but was defeated 
 for re-election in 1890; and was a member of the fifty-fourth 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He is now a member of 
 the United States senate for the term of 1909-15; and resides 
 in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 335. Longworth, Nicholas, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Ohio, was born Nov. 5, 1869, in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. In 1891 he graduated from Harvard university with the 
 degree of A. B. ; studied one year at Harvard law school ; and 
 in 1894 graduated from the Cincinnati law school. In 1898 he 
 was a member of the school board of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 
 1899 was a member of the Ohio state legislature; and in 1901 
 became a member of the Ohio state senate. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Ohio as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of Ohio for the term of 1909-11; 
 andi resides in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 336. Goebel, Herman Philip, United States congressman 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 513 
 
 from the second district of Ohio, was born April 5, 1853, in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1872 he graduated from the Cincinnati 
 law college. In 1875 he was a member of the Ohio state 
 legislature; and in 1884-90 was probate judge for Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Ohio as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the second 
 district of Ohio for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. 
 
 337. Cox, James M., United States congressman from the 
 third district of Ohio, was born March 31, 1870, in Jackson- 
 burg. Butler county, Ohio. He attended the country schools 
 of his native state ; and graduated from the high school of his 
 native town. In his early youth he was a newsboy; learned 
 *tha printer's trade; and became a succesful journalist. For 
 many years he was a newspaper reporter; became a well 
 known newspaper publisher of Dayton, Ohio ; and has filled 
 numerous positions of trust and honor in his city, county and 
 state. In 1909-11 he was a representative from Ohio to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and served on several im- 
 portant committees; and resides in Dayton, Ohio, 
 
 338. Tou Velle, William E., United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Ohio, was born in Celina, Ohio, 
 Nov., 23, 1861 ; educated in the public schools, graduating from 
 the Celina High School in 1879, and from the Cincinnati law 
 school in 1889; is engaged in the practice of law; was ap- 
 pointed postmaster at Celina in 1885, but resigned to enter 
 law school; was married to Elizabeth S. Day; was elected to 
 the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a democrat ; and resides in Celina, Ohio. 
 
 339. Ansberry, Timothy Thomas, United States congress- 
 man from the fifth district of Ohio, was born Dec. 24, 1871, in 
 Defiance, Ohio. In 1893 he graduated with the degree of LL. 
 B. from the university of Notre Dame ; and the same year was 
 admitted to the bar. For two years he was a justice of the 
 peace at Defiance, Ohio; and for three terms was prosecuting 
 attorney for Defiance county. In 1907-9 he was prosecuting 
 attorney for Defiance county. In 1907-11 he was a representa- 
 tive from Ohio to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a 
 democrat ; and resides in Defiance, Ohio. 
 
 340. Denver, Matthew Rombach, United States congress- 
 man from the sixth district of Ohio, son of the late Gen. James 
 W. Denver, was born Dec. 21, 1870, at Wilmington, Ohio; 
 educated in the public schools and in Georgetown, D. C. uni- 
 
514 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 versity, receiving the degree of B. A. in 1872 ; has served on 
 state democratic central and executive committees ; was a dele- 
 gate to the democratic national convention at Chicago in 1896 ; 
 was a delegate-at-large from Ohio to the national democratic 
 convention at Denver in 1908 ; is engaged in farming, manu- 
 facturing, and banking; is married; was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a demo- 
 crat ; and resides in Wilmington, Ohio. 
 
 341. Keifer, Joseph Warren, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Ohio, was born Jan. 30, 1836, six 
 miles west of Springfield, Ohio. He served in the union army 
 and became major-general of the United States volunteers. In 
 1868-69 he served as a member of the Ohio state senate ; and 
 was delegate-at-large from Ohio to the republican national con- 
 vention. For four terms during 1877-85 he was a member of 
 congress ; and was speaker of the forty-seventh congress in 
 1881-83. Since 1873 he has been president of the Lagonda na- 
 tional bank, of Springfield, Ohio. In 1869-71 he was depart- 
 ment commander of Ohio Grand Army of the Republic ; and 
 Ohio commander-in-chief in 1872. During the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war he was major-general in command of the first division 
 seventh corps volunteer army. He was a member of the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Ohio as a republican. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh 
 district of Ohio for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Spring- 
 field, Ohio. 
 
 342. Cole, Ralph D., United States congressman from the 
 eigthth district of Ohio, was born Nov. 30, 1873, in Hancock 
 county, Ohio. In 1896 he graduated from Findlay college; and 
 in 1898 from; the Northwestern Ohio normal university. He 
 served two years as deputy clerk of Hancock county, Ohio ; 
 and in 1899-1903 was a representative in the Ohio state legis- 
 lature. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses. He was re-elected to sixty-first congress from the 
 eighth district of Ohio for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Findlay, Ohio. 
 
 343. Sherwood, Isaac R., United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Ohio, was born in Stanford, Dutchess 
 county, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1835. His father. Aaron Sherwood, 
 was a descendant o? Dr. Thomas Sherwood, who sailed from 
 Ipswich, England, in 1634, and settled at Fairfield. Conn. His 
 mother, Maria Yeomans, was of Scottish descent, born in New 
 York city. His grandfathers, Isaac Sherwood and Peter Yeo- 
 mans, and his great-grandfather. Samuel Sherwood, were revo- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 515 
 
 lutionary soldiers. General Sherwood began his education at 
 a country school, and in 1852 entered the Hudson River Insti- 
 tute, Claverick, N. Y. In 1854 he entered Antioch College, 
 Ohio, (Horace Mann, president), and in 1856 the Ohio Law 
 College, Poland, Ohio. In 1857 he bought the Williams County 
 Gozette, Bryan, Ohio, and was elected probate judge of Wil- 
 liams county October 1860. April 16, 1861, the day following 
 Lincoln's call for volunteers, he enlisted as a private in the 
 fourteenth Ohio volunteer infantry, Col. James B. Stedman 
 commanding. He served in the ranks with the advanced guard 
 in the West Virginia mountains and in the first battles of the 
 war — Phillipi, Laurel Mountain, and Carricks Ford. He re- 
 cruited for the one hundred and eleventh Ohio volunteer In- 
 fantry and was mustered in with his regiment at Toledo and 
 made adjutant Sept. 11, 1862. He was promoted to major upon 
 recommendation of all the officers of his regiment Feb. 14, 
 1863. Feb. 2, 1864, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and 
 Sept. 8, 1864, to colonel. Owing to detail or sickness of rank- 
 ing officers he commanded the one hundred and eleventh Ohio 
 throughtout its entire field service, beginning with the John 
 Morgan campaign in Kentucky in 1863 to the muster out July, 
 1865, embracing over thirty battles and engagements. In the 
 East Tennessee campaign, at the battle of Campbells Station, 
 he lost the hearing of his right ear from the concussion of a 
 shell. He commanded his regiment in all the battles of the 
 Atlanta campaign ; and after the battles of Franklin and Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., upon recommendation of the officers of his bri- 
 gade and division, he was made brevet brigadier-general by 
 President Lincoln Feb. 16 for long and faithful service and 
 conspicuous gallantry at the battles of Resaca, Franklin, and 
 Nashville. After the war he located in Toledo and for a year 
 was editor of the Toledo Commercial ; later he was editorial 
 writer on the Cleveland Leader. In 1868 he was elected secre- 
 tary of the state of Ohio and re-elected in 1870, serving four 
 years. He organized the bureau of statistics of Ohio. In 1872 
 he was elected to the forty-third congress from the sixth con- 
 gressional district of Ohio. In 1875 he bought the Toledo 
 Journal and edited it for nine years. In 1878 he was elected 
 probate judge of Lucas county on the national ticket as an in- 
 dependent, and was re-elected in 1881 as a democrat and inde- 
 pendent, serving six years. General Sherwood is a member 
 of the G. A R. and of the Loyal Legion and of the Army of 
 the Ohio and Army of the Cumberland societies. He has been 
 a continuous contributor of political and historic articles to 
 
516 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 newspapers and magazines ; his "Army Gray Back" (illustrated 
 poem) was published in book form and ran through three 
 editions. He was elected to the sixtieth congress as an inde- 
 pendent-democrat, and was reelected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress as a democrat ; and resides in Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 344. Johnson, Adna Romulus, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Ohio, was born in Sweet Springs, 
 Mo., Dec. 14, 1860 ; came to Lawrence county, Ohio, with his 
 widowed mother when less than 4 years of age, and lived on a 
 small farm in Aid township ; received a common-school edu- 
 cation, and began teaching school when 17 years of age and 
 followed that profession for seven years ; before he commenced 
 teaching, and during the summer months while engaged in 
 teaching was variously employed as a common laborer, princi- 
 pally upon turnpikes, railroads, etc., and also spent one year 
 working at an iron furnace in Alabama ; entered the law de- 
 partment of the University of Michigan in 1885 ; from which 
 institution he was graduated with the degree of B. L., June 
 30, 1887 ; prior to graduation was admitted to the practice of 
 law by the supreme court of Ohio, which profession he has 
 closely followed ever since ; in 1889 was elected prosecuting 
 attorney of Lawrence county ; was elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a republican; and resides in Oak Ridge, Ohio. 
 
 345. Douglas, Albert, United States congressman from the 
 eleventh district of Ohio, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, April 
 25, 1852; was educated in the public schools of Chillicothe, 
 a preparatory school, and Kenyon college, graduating with the 
 class of 1872; went to the Harvard law school, where he 
 received the degree of LL. B. in 1874; returning to Chillicothe, 
 began the practice of law ; was elected prosecuting attorney of 
 the county in 1876 on the republican tickekt when the county 
 was very largely democratic, and re-elected in 1878 ; held no 
 other office until he was put upon the state ticket in 1896 as 
 one of the electors at large, and when the electoral college met 
 was made the chairman of that body ; in 1905 received the hon- 
 orary degree of LL. D. from the Ohio university, and the 
 same degree from Kenyon college in 1906 ; was married in 1880 
 to Lucia C. Taylor, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; ; was elected to the 
 sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as 
 a republican ; and resides in Chillicothe, Ohio. 
 
 346. Taylor, Edward Livingston, United States congressman 
 from the twelfth district of Ohio, was born Aug. 10, 1869. He 
 was educated in the public schools of Columbus, Ohio ; and 
 graduated from the high school. In 1899-1904 he was elected 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 517 
 
 prosecuting attorney of Franklin county. He was elected to 
 the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the twelfth district of Ohio for 
 th term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 347. Anderson, Carl Carew, United States congressman 
 from the thirteenth district of Ohio, was born at Bluffton, Allen 
 county, Ohio, Dec. 2, 1887 ; when a lad his parents moved 
 to Fremont ; at 10 years of age he was a newsboy and boot- 
 black ; had a partial high school education, but early began a 
 business career ; at 16 he had saved money enough to buy a 
 home for his mother ; in 1904 moved to Fostoria, and opened 
 a factory for the manufacture of underwear, of which he is still 
 the owner and manager; was married September, 1904, to Miss 
 Nellie Ford, of Fremont, and has one son, born the day he was 
 nominated as a candidate for congress ; was twice mayor of 
 Fostoria; is president of the board of trade, president of the 
 city hospital board, and director in a number of manufacturing 
 enterprises ; is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows, Elks, 
 Mystic Shrine, and the Knights of Pythias ; was elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Fostoria, 
 Ohio. 
 
 348. Sharp, William Graves, United States congressman 
 from the fourteenth district of Ohio, was born in Mount Gilead, 
 Ohio, March 14, 1859 ; after spending his childhood days in 
 that place, he moved to Elyria with his grandparents ; entered 
 the public schools of that city, and later graduated from them ; 
 at the end of two years entered the law department of the uni- 
 versity of Michigan, from which he graduated in 1881 ; in the 
 spring of the same years was admitted to the bar in the state 
 of Ohio, and three years later was elected prosecuting attorney 
 in Lorain county ; after his term of office expired he engaged 
 in the manufacturing business, becoming interested in a small 
 way in the manufacture of wood by-products ; the business 
 rapidly enlarged and soon included the manufacture of char- 
 coal pig iron, in which business for a number of years he has 
 been extensively engaged ; in 1895 he married Miss Hallie M. 
 Clough, and has five children; was presidential elector on the 
 democratic ticket in 1892 ; nominee of that party for congress 
 in 1900, and delegate to the democratic national convention in 
 St. Louis in 1904 ; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a 
 democrat ; and resides in Elyria, Ohio. 
 
 349. Joyce, James, United States congressman from the fif- 
 teenth district of Ohio, was born July 2, 1870, in Cumberland, 
 Guernsey county, Ohio ; taught school and studied law ; entered 
 
518 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the senior class of the Cincinnati law school in 1891, and was 
 admitted to the bar March 3, 1892, at Columbus, was superin- 
 tendent of schools two years, 1893-94 and 1894-95 ; began active 
 practice of the law at^ Cambridge in 1895; in 1895 was elected a 
 member of the house of representatives, general assembly of 
 Ohio; was re-elected in 1897; was elected a delegate to the Re- 
 publican national convention at Chicago in 1904; is unmarried; 
 was elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and re- 
 sides in Cambridge, Ohio. 
 
 350. Hollingsworth, David A., United States congressman 
 from the sixteenth district of Ohio, was born Nov. 21, 1844, 
 in Belmont, Ohio. After being educated at Mount Union col- 
 lege, he studied law and soon acquired prominence at the bar. 
 He was elected prosecuting attorney of Harrison county, Ohio ; 
 and subsequently became attorney-general of the state of Ohio. 
 Fpr four years he was a member of the Ohio state senate. He 
 is a noted writer on law topics ; and is retained in many of the 
 most important litigated cases in the courts of the United 
 States. In 1909-11 he was a representative from Ohio to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Cadiz, Ohio. 
 
 351. Ashbrook, William A., United States congressman 
 from the seventeenth district of Ohio, was born July 1, 1867, 
 near Johnston, Ohio. Since 1886 he has published the Inde- 
 pendent of Johnstown, Ohio. For twenty years he has been 
 secretary of a building and loan association ; and is now 
 cashier of three banks. For three years he was secretary of the 
 national editorial association of the United States ; for several 
 years was postmaster of his town ; and was elected a repre- 
 sentative to the Ohio state legislature. In 1907-11 he was a 
 reprtsentative from Ohio to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses 
 as a democrat ; and resides in Johnstown, Ohio. 
 
 352. Kennedy, James, United congressman from the eigh- 
 teenth district of Ohio, was born Sept. 3, 1853, in Mahoning 
 county, Ohio. In 1876 he graduated from the college of Penn- 
 sylvania; and in 1879 began the practice of law. He was a 
 member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Ohio as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the eighteenth district of Ohio for the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Youngstown, Ohio. 
 
 353. Thomas, William Aubrey, United States congress- 
 man from the nineteenth district of Ohio, was born June, 1866, 
 in Wales. He was educated in the public schools of Niles, 
 two years at Mount Union college, and later at Rensselaer 
 polytechnic institute of Troy, N. Y , making a specialty of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 519 
 
 chemistry and metallurgy. He is a pioneer iron manufacturer 
 of the Mahoning Valley; was for some years manager of the 
 Thomas Furnace in Niles; and later became inteerested in 
 other iron industries. He served in part of the fifty-eighth 
 congress, filling a vacancy. He was elected to the fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the nineteenth district of Ohio for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Niles, Ohio. 
 
 354. Howland, Paul, United States congressman from the 
 twentieth district of Ohio, was born at Jefferson, Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio, Dec. 5, 1865; was liberally educated, holding the 
 degrees of A. B. and M. A. from Oberlin college, and of LL. 
 B. from Harvard university; is a lawyeer; was second lieu- 
 tenant first Ohio volunteer calvary during the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 355. Vacant, twenty-first district of Ohio. 
 
 356. Gore, Thomas Pryor, United States senator from 
 Oklahoma, was born Dec. 10, 1870, in Webster county, Miss. 
 He graduated from the normal school at Walthall, Miss.; and 
 received the degree of B. L. from Cumberland university. Dur- 
 ing 1890-91 he taught school ; and in 1892 was admitted to the 
 practice of law. He was nominated to the state legislature, 
 but did not serve. In 1892 he began the practice of law in 
 Mississippi,, and in 1895 moved to Texas. In 1896 he was a 
 delegate to the national populist convention at St. Louis, Mo. 
 In 1901 he moved to Oklahoma; and in 1902-05 was a member 
 of the territorial council. In 1907 he was elected a member 
 of the Unitd States senate and drew the short term ending in 
 1909. He was re-elected for the term ending in 1915 ; and 
 resides in Lawton, Okla. 
 
 357. Owen, Robert Latham, United States senator from 
 Oklahoma, was born Feb. 2, 1856, at Lynchburg, Va. ; son of 
 Robert L. Owen, president of the Tennessee railroad, and of 
 Narcissa Chisholm, of the Cherokee naticn ; was educated in 
 Lynchburg, Va., and Baltimore, Md., and at Washington and 
 Lee university, Lexington, Va. ; has served as teacher, editor, 
 lawyer, banker, and business man ; is a conservative construc- 
 tive democrat ; was a member of the democratic national com- 
 mittee from 1892 to 1896 ; was member of subcommittee that 
 drew the democratic national platform in 1896, etc. ; vice-chair- 
 man of the democratic campaign committee in Oklahoma in 
 190<$; is an Episcopalian, a Mason, 32°, and a life member Elk. 
 
520 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Mr. Owen was nominated June 8, 1907, as the choice of the 
 democracy of Oklahoma for the United States senate in a state- 
 wide primary by the largest vote of any candidate for the 
 senatorship by about 10,000; was appointed United States sen- 
 ator by the governor of Oklahoma, Nov. 16, 1907 ; was elected 
 United States senator by the legislature of Oklahoma, Dec. 11, 
 1907, and took his seat December 16. His term of service will 
 expire March 3, 1913 ; and resides in Muskogee, Okla. 
 
 358. McGuire, Bird Segie, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Oklahoma, was born in 1864 in Belleville. 
 111. He moved to Pawnee county, Okla. ; and practiced law ; 
 and in 1897-1903 was assistant United States attorney for 
 Oklahoma territory. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Oklahoma territory as 
 a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 Oklahoma for the term of 1909-11, and resides in Pawnee, Okla. 
 
 359. Morgan, Dick T., United States congressman from the 
 second district of Oklahoma, was born on a farm in Prairie 
 Creek, Vigo County, Ind., December 6, 1853, son of Valentine 
 and Frances Morgan, and his mother, at the ripe age of 87, 
 still resides on the old farm homestead ; he received his primary 
 education in the country schools of his neighborhood ; gradu- 
 ated from the Prairie Creek high school in 1872, at which time 
 he entered Union Christian college at Merom, Ind., from which 
 institution he graduated in 1876 with the degree of B. S. ; for 
 a time he was professor of mathematics in his alma mater, from 
 which institution, in 1879 ; he received the degree of M. S., in 
 1880 he graduated from the Central Law school of Indianapolis, 
 Ind., and was a member of the lower house of the Indiana legis- 
 lature in the session of 1880-81 ; was appointed register of the 
 United States land office at Woodward, Okla., by President 
 Roosevelt in 1904, and served until May 1, 1908; married in 1876 
 to Miss Ora Heath, daughter of Rev. A. R. and Mary Heath, of 
 Covington, Ind. ; was elected to the sixty-first congress, receiv- 
 ing 26,273 votes to 25,349 for Elmer L. Fulton, democrat, and 
 4,443 for C. E. Randall, socialist, and resides in Woodward, Okla. 
 
 360. Creager, Charles E., United States congressman from 
 the third district of Oklahoma, was born April 28, 1873, in 
 Montgomery county, Ohio He was educated in the public 
 and private schools of his native state. He has attained suc- 
 cess as a journalist and publisher of Guthrie, Okla. ; and for 
 many years has been prominently identified with the republican 
 party. In 1909-11 he was a representative from the third dis- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 521 
 
 trict of Oklahoma to the sixty-first congress as a republican, 
 and resides in Muskogee, Okla. 
 
 361. Carter, Charles Daugherty, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Oklahoma, was born Aug. 16, 1868, 
 in Choctaw nation, Ind. Ty. He worked on a ranch and clerked 
 in a store until 1892. In 1892-94 was auditor of public accounts 
 of Chickasaw nation; and in 1894-96 was superintendent of 
 schools in Indian territory. In 1897 he was a member of the 
 Chickasaw council; and in 1900-03 he was mining trustee of 
 Indian territory. In 1906 he proposed the state of Oklahoma; 
 and in 1907-11 he was a representative from Oklahoma to the 
 sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a democrat, and resides 
 in Ardmore, Okla. 
 
 362. Ferris, Scott, United States congressman from the fifth 
 district of Oklahoma, was born Nov. 7, 1877, in Neosho, Mo. 
 He graduated from the Newton county high school; and from 
 the Kansas city school of law. Since 1901 he has practiced 
 law in Lawton, Okla. In 1904 he was a member of the legis- 
 lature of Oklahoma. In 1907-11 ; he was a representative from 
 Oklahoma to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a demo- 
 crat, and resides in Lawton, Okla. 
 
 363. Bourne, Jonathan, United States senator from Oregon, 
 was born in New Bedford, Mass., February 23, 1855 ; attended 
 the private schools of that city; entered Harvard College in 
 1873 and remained until the end of his junior year. After 
 traveling around the world he settled in Portland, Oreg., May 
 16, 1878, where he read law and was admitted to the Oregon 
 bar in 1881. Becoming largely interested in the mining in- 
 terests of the Northwest, he practiced law for only about a 
 year, thereafter devoting his attention to his mining and other 
 business interests. He is president of a number of Oregon 
 corporations and of the Bourne cotton mills at Fall River, 
 Mass. He was a Republican member of the Oregon legisla- 
 ture during the sessions of 1885, 1886, and 1897 ; was a delegate 
 to the republican national conventions in 1888 and 1892, and 
 was elected to the United States senate to succeed Hon. Fred. 
 W. Mulky for the term beginning March 4, 1907. His term of 
 service will expire March 3, 1913, and resides in Portland, 
 Ore. 
 
 364. Chamberlain, George Earle, United States senator from 
 Oregon, was born on a plantation near Natchez, Miss., January 
 1, 1854. His early education was obtained in private and later 
 in the public schools of Natchez, which he attended until 1870. 
 In the latter year he began work as clerk in a general merchan- 
 
522 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 dise store in Natchez, holding this position until June, 1872, 
 when he went to Lexington, Va., to attend Washington and Lee 
 university, from which institution he graduated in the academic 
 and law departments in July, 1876, receiving in the former the 
 degree of B. A. and in the latter the degree of LL. B. After 
 graduation he returned home, where he remained a short time, 
 leaving there to take up his residence in Orgon, arriving there 
 December 6, 1876. Since that time he has made Oregon his 
 home. During a part of 1877 Mr. Chamberlain taught a country 
 school in Linn county, Oreg., and in the latter part of that year 
 was appointed deputy clerk of that county ; this position he held 
 until the summer of 1879, resigning to practice law at Albany. 
 He was united in marriage to Miss Sallie N. Welch, of Natchez, 
 Miss., May 21, 1879 ; six children have been born to this mar- 
 riage, all of whom are living and three married. In 1880 Mr. 
 Chamberlain was elected to the legislature, and in 1884 district 
 attorney for the third judicial district, embracing the counties 
 of Marion, Linn, Polk, Yamhill, and Tillamook, and served for 
 a term of two years; in 1891 was appointed attorney-general of 
 the State of Oregon by the then governor, Hon. Sylvester Pen- 
 noyer, his term expiring in 1892, when he was nominated for the 
 position by his party and elected ; moving to Portland shortly 
 thereafter he was nominated as district attorney for the fourth 
 judicial district, embracing Multnomah county, and was elected 
 for a term of four years ; in 1902 was nominated as a candidate 
 for governor; was elected for four years, and re-elected to the 
 same position in 1906 ; in 1908 he was nominated in the primar- 
 ies for United States senator on the democratic ticket and elected 
 over his opponent, H. M. Cake, the republican candidate, and 
 elected by the legislature of the state, January 19, 1909, to the 
 United States senate, to succeed Hon. C. W. Fiulton. His term of 
 service will expire March 3, 1915 ; and resides in Portland, Ore. 
 365. Hawley, Willis Chatman, United States congressman, 
 from the first district of Oregon, was born 4 miles west of 
 Monroe, Benton county, Oreg., May 5, 1864, of pioneer parent- 
 age ; his father, Sewell Ransom Hawley, crossed the plains to 
 Oregon in 1848, and his mother, Emma A. (Noble) Hawley, in 
 1847. He was educated in the country schools of Oregon and 
 at the Willamette university, Salem, Oreg., with degrees of 
 B. S. (1884 , A. B. and LL.B. (1888), and A. M. (1891) ; was 
 regularly admitted to the bar in Oregon in 1893 and to the 
 United States district and the United States States circuit courts 
 in 1906 ; was principal of the Umpqua academy, Wilbur, Oreg., 
 1884-1886 ; president of the Oregon State Normal school at Drain, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 523 
 
 1888-1891 ; the remainder of his educational work has been in 
 connection with Willamette university, as follows; Professor 
 of history and" mathematics, 1891-1893 ; professor of history, eco- 
 nomics, and public law until elected to congress ; was president 
 of the institution for eight years ; since 1899 has been presi- 
 dent of the Willamette Valley Chautauqua, of Oregon City, the 
 largest Chautauqua west of the Rocky Mountains ; has been head 
 manager of the Pacific Jurisdiction Woodmen of the World since 
 1896 and is chairman of the board ; is a public speaker and cam- 
 paigner, but never was a candidate for public office prior to his 
 candidacy, for congress in 1906 ; was elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; 
 and resides in Salem, Ore. 
 
 366. Ellis, William Russell, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Oregon, was born near Waveland, Mont- 
 gomery county, Ind., April 23, 1850 ; moved to Guthrie county, 
 Iowa, in 1855 ; worked on a farm and attended district school 
 during the winter months until 18 years of age ; after that divid- 
 ed his time between teaching country school and working on a 
 farm until after reaching his majority ; attended school until the 
 middle of the sophomore year at the Iowa state agricultural col- 
 dege at Ames ; graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the law 
 department of the Iowa state university at Iowa city in June, 
 1874; the first year after graduation practiced law as a partner 
 of Col. S. D. Nichols, at Panora, Iowa, during which time he was 
 elected and served as mayor; then removed to Hamburg, Iowa, 
 and engaged in the practice of law and newspaper work ; served 
 that city two years as city attorney and one ter mas mayor; 
 moved west in 1883, settling in Heppner, Oreg., in 1884; served 
 one term as county superintendent of schools of Morrow county ; 
 three terms as district attorney of the seventh judicial district 
 of Oregon ; was elected to congress from the second district of 
 Oregon ; was elected to congress from the second district of 
 Oregon and served from March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1899; in 
 June, 1900, was elected circuit judge of the sixth judicial dis- 
 trict of Oregon for a term of six years which ended July 1 1906 ; 
 moved to Pendleton in July, 1901 ; is married ; before the expira- 
 tion of his term as judge, was elected to the sixtieth congress, 
 and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and 
 resides in Pendleton, Ore. 
 
 367. Penrose, Boies, United States senator from Pennsylvania, 
 was born Nov. 1, 1860, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was elected to 
 the Pennsylvania house of representatives from the eighth Phila- 
 delphia district in 1884. He was a member of the Pennsylvania 
 
524 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 state senate in 1887-99 ; and was re-elected in 1890, anl again 
 in 1894. He was president of the senate in 1889-1899. Since 
 1897 he has been a member of the United States senate, his 
 present term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Philadelphia. He is 
 the author of a History of the city government of Philadelphia. 
 
 368. Oliver, George T., United States senator from Pennsyl- 
 vania, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 26, 1848, while 
 his parents were visiting in that country, they at the time 
 being residents of Allegheny City, Pa. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Allegheny, at Pleasant Hill Academy, West 
 Middletown, Pa., and at Bethany College, West Virginia, 
 where he was graduated in 1868 ; he studied law and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of Allegheny county in 1871. After an active 
 practice of ten years he retired in 1881 and engaged in iron 
 and steel manufacturing; was actively engaged in this business 
 until 1901, when he disposed of his interest in several large 
 concerns; is president of the Youngstown Car Manufacturing 
 Company, at Youngstown, Ohio ; connected as a director with 
 several financial and industrial corporations in Pittsburg, and 
 is president of the Duquesne Club. In the summer of 1900 
 Mr. Oliver purchased the Pittsburg Gazette, the oldest news- 
 paper published west of the Alleghenies, and later in the same 
 year acquired the controlling interest in the Pittsburg Chron- 
 icle-Telegraph, the oldest afternoon paper in Pittsburg ; in 
 1906 the Pittsburg Gazette and the Pittsburg Times were 
 merged and are now published under the name of the Gazette- 
 Times, and he is the principal owner of both papers. He mar- 
 ried Miss Mary Kountze, of Omaha, Nebr., and has six chil- 
 dren living, his two eldest sons being actively engaged in the 
 management of his newspapers- Mr. Oliver has always been 
 an earnest and active republican, but never held public office 
 except that of president of the central board of education in 
 Pittsburg, which position he occupied from 1881 to 1884, when 
 he resigned ; was presidential elector in 1884 and delegate to 
 the republican national convention in 1904 ; was elected March 
 17, 1909, to the United States senate to fill out the unexpired 
 term of Hon. P. C. Knox, resigned to accept the office of secre- 
 tary of state in President Taft's cabinet. His term of service 
 will expire March 3, 1911. He resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 869. Bingham, Henry Harrison, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Pennsylvania, was born Dec. 4, 1841, 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He entered the union armv as a lieutenant 
 in the one hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania volunteers ; was 
 wounded at Gettysburg in 1863, at Spottsylvania in 1864, and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 525 
 
 at Farmville in 1865 ; and was mustered out of service in 1866 
 as brevet brigadier-general of volunteers. He was appointed 
 post master of Philadelphia in 1867 ; and was delegate-at-large 
 to the republican national convention at Philadelphia in 1872 
 also delegate from the first congressional district to the repub- 
 lican national convention at Cincinnati in 1876, at Chicago in 
 1884 and 1888, at Minneapolis in 1892, and at St. Louis in 1896. 
 He was a member of the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty- 
 eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, 
 fifty-fourth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the first district of Pennsylvania for 
 the term of 1909-11; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 370. Cook, Joel, United States congressman from the second 
 district of Pennsylvania, was born March 20, 1824, in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. He graduated from the central high school; and 
 was admitted to the practice of law. He adopted journalism 
 as a profession ; and served various newspapers during a period 
 of forty-five vears. He was president of the city national bank 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. ; and president of the Philadelphia board of 
 trade. In 1907-11 he was a representative from Pennsylvania 
 to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican. He 
 is the author of several volumes on American and foreign travel ; 
 and resides in Philadelphia, Pa, 
 
 371. Moore, J. Hampton. United States congressman from 
 the third district of Pennsylvania, born at Woodbury, N. J., 
 March 8, 1864 ; educated in common schools ; law student in 
 Philadelphia, 1877 to 1880; reporter in the courts and on the 
 Public Ledger, 1881 to 1894 ; chief clerk to city treasurer. 1894 
 to 1897 ; editor and publisher, 1898-99 ; secretary to mayor, 1900 : 
 city treasurer, 1901-1903 ; chief bureau of manufactures, depart- 
 ment of commerce and labor, January, 1905 ; resigned June 1. 
 1905, to become president City Trust, Safe Deposit and Surety 
 Company of Philadelphia ; appointed by the court June 24. 1905. 
 receiver of the company; president of the allied republican clubs 
 of Philadelphia, 1900-1906; president of the Pennsylvania state 
 league in 1900, and re-elected in 1901 ; elected president of the 
 national republican league, at Chicago, in 1902, and re-elected at 
 Indianapolis in 1904; president Atlantic deeper water\vav< 
 association, 1908-9 ; married Adelaide Stone in 1889 ; elected to 
 the fifty-ninth congress for the unexpired term of the late Hon. 
 George A. Castor, and to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected 
 
526 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 
 372. Moon, Reuben Osborne, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Pennsylvania, was born in the state 
 of New Jersey. He was educated under his father's instruction, 
 supplemented by a college course, graduating in 1874. He 
 taught school, and later was a professor in a prominent insti- 
 tution of learning in Philadelphia. He engaged in the educa- 
 tional lectural field. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the fourth district of Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 373. Foulkrod, William Walker, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Pennsylvania, was born about 1850 
 in Frankfort, Pa. He began his career in the wholesale dry 
 Ijoods business. He is president of the Frankfort mutual fire 
 insurance company. He was a member of the canal commission 
 appointed to report upon a plan for a canal connecting Phila- 
 delphia with the ocean. In 1907-11 he was a representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as 
 h republican ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 374. McCreary, George Deardorff, United States congress- 
 man from the sixth district of Pennsylvania, was born Sept. 28, 
 7846, in New Springs village. In 1864, with his parents, he 
 removed to Philadelphia; educated in public and private 
 schools ; and in 1864 entered the university of Pennsylvania. 
 He became a member of Whitney, McCreary and Kemton. He 
 was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Pennsylvania as a republican. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the sixth district of Pennsyl- 
 vania for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 375. Butler, Thomas S.. United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of Pennsylvania, was born Nov. 4, 1855, 
 in Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Chester county bar. 
 He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican- 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the seventh 
 district of Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Westchester, Pa. 
 
 376. Wanger, Irving Price. United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of Pennsylvania, was born March 5, 1852, in 
 North Coventry, Pa. In 1880-82 he was district attorney of 
 Montgomery county, Pa. He was a member of the fifty-third, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 527 
 
 fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the eighth district of 
 Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Morris- 
 town, Pa. 
 
 377. Griest, William Walton, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Pennsylvania. He is a manufacturer 
 of iron ; and publisher of a newspaper in Lancaster, Pa. He is 
 president of railway and lighting companies. In 1909-11 he was 
 a representative from Pennsylvania to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican; and resides in Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 878. Nicholls, Thomas David, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Pennsylvania, was born in Wilkes- 
 barre, Luzerne county, Pa., Sept. 16 1870; attended public day 
 schools until 9 years of age and two winters of night school 
 in the two years following; later on studied mining by cor- 
 respondence in the International correspondence schools of 
 Scranton; in 1897 passed a state examination and received a 
 mine foreman's certificate of competency; began work as a 
 breaker boy and worked from the age of 9 until 12 as a slate 
 picker; at 12 years of age, secured employment inside the 
 mines and continued to work at the various occupations there 
 in until May, 1900, when he was placed on salary for the pur- 
 pose of having him devote his whole time to the duties of 
 district president of District No, 1, United Mine Workers of 
 America, to which position he had been elected in May, 1899 ; 
 is married and has a family of four children — three girls and 
 one boy; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to 
 tliel sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Scran- 
 ton, Pa. 
 
 379. Palmer, Henry Wilber, United States congressman 
 from the eleventh district of Pennsylvania, was educated at 
 Wyoming seminary, Kingston, Pa., Fort Edward institute, Fort 
 Edward, N. Y., and the national law school of Poughkeepsie. 
 N. Y., graduating from the latter institution in 1860 ; was 
 admitted to the bar at Peekskill, N. Y., in 1860, and at Wilkes- 
 barre in 1861 ; married Ellen M. Webster at Plattsburg, N. Y. ; 
 Sept. 12, 1861 ; served in the pay department of the Union 
 Army in the civil war, at New Orleans, in 1862-63 ; was a mem- 
 ber of Constitutional convention of Pennsylvania in 1872-73, 
 and attorney-general of the state from 1879 to 1883 ; was elected 
 to the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses. 
 
528 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and sixty-first congresses as a republican ; and resides in Wilkes- 
 barre, Pa. 
 
 380. Garner, Alfred 1 Buckwalter, United States congress- 
 man from the twelfth district of Pennsylvania, was born March 
 4, 1873, in Ashland, Pa. He was educated in the public schools 
 at Ashland, Pa. ; and for many years has been engaged in the 
 practice of law. In 1900-07 he was a member of the Pennsyl- 
 vania state legislature. In 1909-11 he was a representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; 
 and resides in Ashland, Pa. 
 
 381. Rothermel, John H., United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born March 7, 
 1856, in Richmond township, Berks county, Pa. ; received a 
 common school and academic education ; was admitted to the 
 bar August 20, 1881 ; has been engaged in active practice of 
 his profession in the state and federal courts ever since; was 
 elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a democrat ; and resides in Reading, Pa. 
 
 382. Pratt, Charles C, United States congressman from the 
 fourteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born at New Milford, 
 Pa-, April 23, 1854; received his education at the New Milford 
 public school, at Bloomsburg, Pa., and at Great Barrington, 
 Mass. ; was married in 1878 ; was elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress as a republican for term ending in 1911 ; and resides in 
 New Milford, Pa. 
 
 383. Wilson, William Bauchop. United States congressman 
 from the fifteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born at Blan- 
 tyre, Scotland, April 2, 1862 ; came to this country with his 
 parents in 1870 and settled at Arnot, Tioga county, Pa. In 
 March, 1871, he began working in the coal mines; in Novem- 
 ber, 1873, became half member of the Mine Workers' Union; 
 has taken an active part in trade-union affairs from early man- 
 haad ; was international secretary-treasurer of the United 
 Mine Workers of America from 1900 until 1907, having been 
 elected each year without opposition. He is engaged in farm- 
 ing at Blossburg; and was elected to the sixtieth congress, and 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides 
 in Blossburg, Pa- 
 
 384. McHenry, John Geiser, United States congressman 
 from the sixteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born in Benton 
 township, Columbia county. Pa., April 26, 1868; was educated 
 in rural public schools and Orangeville academy ; is a banker, 
 manufacturer, and farmer ; president of the Columbia county 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 529 
 
 national bank and state superintendent of the Grange national 
 banks throughout Pennsylvania; was elected to the sixtieth 
 congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a demo- 
 crat; and resides in Benton, Pa. 
 
 385. Focht, Benjamin K, United States congressman from 
 seventeenth district of Pennsylvania, was born March 12, 1863. 
 He was educated at Buckness university, state college and 
 Selins Grove institute. He established the Saturday News in 
 1881, which he still owns. He has been an active republican 
 for over twenty years ; and a delegate to many conventions and 
 party councils. He was a member of Pennsylvania assembly 
 three sessions ; and served one term in the senate, retiring from 
 that body in 1905. He formulated the present ballot law of 
 Pennsylvania. He is interested in a number of railroad operations 
 with business headquarters in New York city. In 1S07-11 he 
 was a representative from Pennsylvania to the sixtieth and 
 sixty-first congresses as a republican ; and resides in Lewis- 
 burg, Pa, 
 
 388. Olmsted, Marlin Edgar, United States congressman 
 from the eighteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born in 1853 
 in Potter county, Pa. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the public schools, and subsequently attended Couders- 
 port academy. He is one of the leading lawyers of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has served as a member of select council of Har- 
 risburg, Pa- ; has been counsel of his city ; president and general 
 counsel for the Beech railroad company; also president of the 
 Buffalo and Susquehana railroad company. He is or has been 
 counsel for the Lehigh Valley railroad company ; the Delaware, 
 Lackawanna and Western railroad company; Delaware and 
 Hudson Canal company ; Lehigh Coal and Navigation company ; 
 the Western Union telegraph company, and many other cor- 
 porations. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the eighteenth district of Pennsylvania for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 387. Reynolds, John Merriman, United States congressman 
 from the nineteenth district of Pennsylvania, was born in 
 Lancaster county, Pa. He graduated from the First Pennsyl- 
 vania state normal school ; and received the degree of A. M. 
 from Columbia university. He was an instructor of teachers 
 in the normal school; and principal of the public school at 
 Bedford, Pa. He is engaged in the practice of law; and in the 
 
530 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 banking business at Bedford. He was a member of the legis- 
 lature of Pennsylvania in 1873-74; was prosecuting attorney of 
 his county in 1875. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the nineteenth district cf Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Bedford, Pa. 
 
 388. Lafean, Daniel Franklin, United States congressman 
 from the twentieth district of Pennsylvania, was born Feb. 7, 
 1861, in York, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native city, entering the high schools in 1876- He has been 
 actively engaged in the manufacturing business upward of 
 twenty years, being connected with a number of local manu- 
 facturing concerns, as well as president of the Security Title 
 and Trust company and is a director of the Gettysburg col- 
 lege and trustee of the Gettyburg seminary. He was a member 
 of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Pennsylvania as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the twentieth district of Pennsylvania for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in York, Pa. 
 
 389. Barclay. Charles Frederick, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-first district of Pennsylvania, was born May 9, 
 1844, in Oswego, N. Y He was educated in the public schools 
 of Pennsylvania ; and at the Coudersport academy. He served 
 during the civil war from private to captain in the one hun- 
 dred and forty-ninth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers. He 
 studied law at the university of Michigan, but subsequently 
 engaged with an elder brother in the lumber business at Shin- 
 namahoning, Pa. In 1892 he was a presidential elector. In 
 1907-11 he was a representative from Pennsylvania to the six- 
 tieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican ; and resides 
 in Sinnamahoning, Pa- 
 
 390. Huff, George Franklin, United States congressman from 
 the twenty-second district of Pennsylvania, was born July 16, 
 1842, in Norristown, Pa. He received his education in public 
 schools ; and later at Altoona, where, after learning a trade in 
 the car shops of the Pennsylvania railroad company, at an 
 early age he entered the banking house of William 'M. Lloyd 
 and Co. In 1867 he removed to Westmoreland county to en- 
 gage in the banking business. He was married in 1871 to Hen- 
 rietta, daughter of the late Judge Jeremiah M- Burell, of Penn- 
 sylvania, afterwards United States district judge and chief jus- 
 tice of Kansas by appointment of President Franklin Pierce ; 
 he was a member of the national republican convention in 1880, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 531 
 
 where he was one of the 306 who followed the lead of Ros- 
 coe Conkling in the ever-memorable effort to nominate Gen. U. 
 S. Grant for the presidency. He is president of the Keystone 
 Coal and Coke company, one of the largest producers of gas and 
 steam coal in the United States ; is largely engaged in many 
 other business industries in various parts of Pennsylvania, to- 
 gether with the banking business in Greensburg, in which he 
 has been constantly engaged since his youth ; and is president 
 of the Westmoreland Hospital association. He was a member 
 of the fifty-second, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a re- 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the 
 twenty-second district of Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Greensburg, Pa. 
 
 391. Cooper, Allen Foster, United States congressman from 
 the twenty-third district of Pennsylvania, was born June 16. 
 1S62, in Fayette county, Pa. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native township, in the state normal schools at 
 California and Lockhaven, Pa. ; and at Mount Union college, 
 Ohio ; and graduated from the state normal school at California, 
 Pa. He taught school for six years. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Pennsyl- 
 vania as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the twenty-third district of Pennsylvania for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 392. Tener, John Kinley, United States congressman from 
 the twenty-fourth district of Pennsylvania, was born July 25, 
 1863, in County Tyrone, Ireland; came to the United States in 
 1872 ; received his education in the public and high schools in 
 the city of Pittsburg; was employed, after leaving school, by 
 manufacturing firms and corporations in and about Pittsburg; 
 played professional base ball 1885 to 1890; has been in the 
 banking business at Charleroi since 1891 ; was educated to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Charleroi, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 393. Bates, Arthur Laban, United States congressman 
 from the twenty-fifth district of Pennsylvania, was born June 
 6, 1859, in Meadville, Pa. He was elected city solicitor of 
 Meadville, Pa., in 1889, 1890, 1892, 1894, serving four full 
 terms. He was elected to the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Pennsylvania as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the twenty- 
 fifth district of Pennsvlvania for the term of 1909-11 ; and re- 
 sides in Meadville, Pa. 
 
532 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 394. Palmer, A. Mitchell, United States congressman from 
 the twenty-sixth district of Pennsylvania, was born May 4, 
 1872; attended the public schools and prepared for college at 
 the Moravian Parochial School, Bethlehem, Pa. ; in the fall of 
 1887 entered Swarthmore College, from which he was grad- 
 uated in 1891 with the highest honors in his class ; member of 
 Phi Beta Kappa Society; was appointed official stenographer 
 of the forty-third judicial district of Pennsylvania, 1892, and 
 while occupying this position studied law; upon admission to 
 the bar in 1893 formed a partnership with Hon. John B. Storm, 
 which continued until the latter's death in 1901, when Mr. 
 Palmer succeeded to the business of the firm; is a member of 
 the bar of the supreme and superior courts of Pennsylvania ; 
 director in the Scranton Trust Company, Stroudsburg National 
 bank, and a number of other financial and industrial instiutions ; 
 has been a member of the democratic state executive committee 
 of Pennsylvania, but was never a candidate for public office 
 before his nomination for Congress ; was elected to the sixty- 
 first congress as a democrat; and resides in Stroudsburg, Pa. 
 
 395. Langham, Jonathan Nicholas, United States congress- 
 man from the twenty-seventh district of Pennsylvania, was 
 born in Indiana county, Pa., Aug. 4, 1861 ; worked on the home 
 farm and attended the common schools of his county until 16 
 years old, when he began teaching ; entered the state normal 
 school at Indiana, graduating therefrom in the class of 1882 ; 
 read law in the office of John N. Banks, and was admitted to 
 the Indiana county bar in December, 1888 ; was appointed post- 
 master at Indiana, Pa., under President Harrison ; served six 
 years as assistant United States attorney for the western dis- 
 trict of Pennsylvania ; served as chief clerk and corporation 
 deputy in the auditor-general's department of Pennsylvania ; 
 is at present the senior member of the law firm of Langham 
 and Elkin, at Indiana ; was elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican ; and resides in Indiana, Pennsylvania. 
 
 396. Wheeler, Nelson P., United States congressman from 
 the twenty-eighth district of Pennsylvania, was born in Port- 
 ville, N. Y., Nov. 4, 1841 ; was educated in the public schools, 
 and later attended academies in Olean and Deposit, N. Y. He 
 is engaged in the lumber business and farming, and has been 
 interested in tanning, and holds positions of trust in several 
 companies and banks. He was elected county commissioner 
 at the age of 25 ; has held various township offices, and served 
 one term, 1878-79, in the Pennsylvania state legislature, de- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 533 
 
 dining a re-nomination on account of his business ; was elected 
 to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress as a republican; and resides in Endeavor, Pa. 
 
 397. Graham, William H., United States congressman from 
 the twenty-ninth district of Pennsylvania, was born in Allegheny, 
 Pa., August 3, 1844, and received his education in the public 
 schools of that city. At the outbreak of the civil war he en- 
 listed, at the age of 17, in a Pittsburg company, but Pennsyl- 
 vania's quota being full they chartered a steamer, went down 
 the Ohio River to Wheeling, and were accepted there, becom- 
 ing Company A, Second Virginia Infantry ; after a service of 
 two years they were mounted and became the Fifth West 
 Virginia Cavalry ; saw very active service under Generals Aver- 
 ill, Crook, and Sheridan ; was in service until the close of the 
 war, witnessing the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox ; 
 was wounded in the battle of White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. ; 
 after the war he engaged actively in business and has been very 
 successful ; was elected three terms successively as recorder 
 of deeds of Allegheny county ; represented his city during 
 four sessions of the Pennsylvania legislature ; was elected to 
 the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, and fifty-seventh congresses; was 
 defeated by 18 votes for the fifty-eighth congress through a 
 citizens-democratic fusion movement ; was elected to the fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a republican; and resides in Allegheny. 
 
 398. Dalzell, John, United States congressman from the thir- 
 tieth district of Pennsylvania, was born April 19, 1845, in New 
 Ycrk City. For years he was one of the attorneys for the Penn- 
 sylvania railroad company and for all its western lines ; and 
 was also attorney for many corporations in Allegheny county. 
 He was a member of the fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty- 
 third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth ; 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the thirtieth district of 
 Pennsylvania for the term 1909-11; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 399. Burke, James Francis, United States congressman from 
 the thirty-first district of Pennsylvania, was born Oct. 21, 1867. 
 at Petroleum Center, Pa. He founded the American republican 
 college league, and became its first president, establishing a 
 branch organization in every leading university of the United 
 States. He began the practice of law in Pittsburg in 1893. He 
 was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the thirty-first district 
 
534 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Pennsylvania for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 400. Barchfeld, Andrew Jackson, United States congressman 
 from thirty-second district of Pennsylvania, was born May 18, 
 1863, in Pittsburg, Pa. He was educated in the public schools 
 and at the Central High School of Pittsburg; and in 1884 gradu- 
 ated from the Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia, Pa. He 
 has been a life-long republican ; in 1884 was elected a school 
 director; and in 1886-87 was a member of the common council 
 of Pittsburg, Pa. He was a delegate to the republican state 
 conventions of 1886, 1894 and 1901 ; and for many years was a 
 member of the Pennsylvania republican state committee. In 
 1902 he was nominee of his party for congress; and in 1904 was 
 elected to the fifty-ninth congress. He is prominent in the med- 
 ical profession ; is a member of the leading medical societies ; 
 and president of the board of directors of the South Side hos- 
 pital of Pittsburg, Pa. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con 
 gress from the thirty-second district of Pennsylvania for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 401. Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth, United States senator from 
 Rhode Island, was born Nov. 6, 1841, in Foster, R. I.. He re- 
 ceived an academic education ; engaged in mercantile pursuits, 
 and was president of the common council of Providence in 1872- 
 73. He was a member of the state house of representatives in 
 1875 and 1876, serving as speaker during the latter year. He 
 was elected a representative from Rhode Island to the forty- 
 sixth and forty-seventh congresses, and resigned in 1881 to take 
 his seat as a senator of the United States from Rhode Island. 
 Since 1881 he has been a member of the United States senate, 
 and is now serving the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Provi- 
 dence, R. I. 
 
 402. Wetmore, George P., United States senator from Rhode 
 Island, was born during a visit of his parents abroad, at London. 
 England, August 2, 1846 ; was graduated from Yale college in 
 1867, receiving the degree of A. B., and that of A. M. in 1871; 
 studied law at Columbia college law school, and was graduated 
 in 1869, receiving the degree of LL. B. ; was admitted to the bar 
 of Rhode Island and of New York in 1869 ; is a trustee of the 
 Peabody Museum of Natural History in Yale University, and 
 was nominated a fellow of the university in 1888, but de- 
 clined ; is a trustee of the Peabody education fund, and a direc- 
 tor of other associations ; was first Presidential elector of Rhode 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 535 
 
 Island in 1880 and in 1884 ; was a member of the State committee 
 to receive the representatives of France on the occasion of their 
 visit to Rhode Island in 1881 ; was a member of the commission 
 to build the new statehouse ; was governor of Rhode Island in 
 1885-86, 1886-87, and was defeated for a third term in 1887, re- 
 ceiving, however, a greater number of votes than at either of 
 the two preceding elections, when successful ; was defeatead on 
 the eighth ballot for United States Senator in 1889 ; was elected 
 to the United States Senate to succeed Nathan F. Dixon, June 
 13, 1894, receiving the unanimous vote of the general assembly 
 in the senate, house, and joint assembly; was re-elected in 1900, 
 and again for the term ending March 3, 1913; and resides in 
 Newport, R. I. 
 
 403. Sheffield, William Paine, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Rhode Island, was born at Newport, R. I., 
 June 1, 1857 ; was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., 
 1873 ; Brown University, A. B., 1887, A. M., 1879 ; studied law at 
 the University of Paris and at Harvard Law School ; admitted 
 to the bar of Rhode Island, 1889, and United States Supreme 
 court, 1900; has been engaged in active practice as a lawyer 
 ever since; commissioner on abolishing Narragansett Tribe of 
 Indians, 1880 ; colonel on the staff of Gov. George Peabody Wet- 
 more, 1885-86; member of house of representatives, Rhode 
 Island. 1885-86, 1888-89, 1890, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1899, 1900, and 
 1901 ; member of commission to revise the constitution of the 
 State, 1897; was also of Rhode Island commission to Jamestown 
 Exposition, 1900-1907; was elected to the sixty-first congress for 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Newport. R. I. 
 
 404. Capron, Adin Ballou, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Rhode Island, was born Jan. 9, 1841, in 
 Mendon, Mass. He enlisted as sergeant in second Rhode Island 
 infantry in 1861 ; promoted to sergeant-major and lieutenant, and 
 ordered on detached service in the signal corps in December, 1861. 
 He served in the signal corps until the close of the war, having 
 been commissioned first lieutenant in the signal corps. United 
 States army, in 1863, and receiving promotion to the rank of 
 captain and major by brevet. Pie was elected a representative 
 to the general assembly of Rhode Island in 1887 ; served during 
 1901; member of commission to revise the constitution of the 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the second district of Rhode Island for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Stillwater, R. I. 
 
536 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 405. Tillman, Benjamin Ryan, United States senator from 
 South Carolina, was born Aug. 11, 1847, in Edgefield county, 
 S. C. He followed farming as a pursuit and took no active part 
 in politics until he began the agitation in 1886 for industrial and 
 technical education which culminated in the establishment of the 
 Clemson agricultural and mechanical college at Calhoun's old 
 home, Fort Hill. The demand for educational reform broad- 
 ened into a demand for other changes in state affairs, and he was 
 put forward by the farmers as a candidate for governor in 
 1890, and was elected in November following. This was his first 
 political office, and he was re-elected in 1892 by an overwhelming 
 vote. His term as governor was signalized by the passage of 
 the dispensary law for the control of the liquor traffic by the 
 state and by the establishment of another college, the Winthrop 
 normal and industrial college for women, at Rock Hill. He was 
 elected to the United States senate in 1894, and his present term 
 will expire in 1913 ; and resides in Trenton, S. C. 
 
 406. Smith, Ellison D., United States senator from South Car- 
 olina, was born August 1, 1866, at Lynchburg, Sumter (now 
 Lee) County, S. C, the son of Rev. Wm. H. and Mary Isabella 
 McLeod Smith ; the late Bishop A. Coke Smith and presiding 
 elder Rev. Charles B. Smith are his brothers; attended private 
 and public schools of Lynchburg; was prepared for college at 
 Stewart's school, Charleston, S. C. ; entered the freshman class 
 of the University of South Carolina ; afterwards entered Wofford 
 College, Spartanburg, S. C, from which institution he graduated 
 in 1889 ; at Wofford he won gold medals in debate, science, and 
 literature in his sophomore, junior, and senior years. He was a 
 member of the legislature from Sumter county 1896 to 1900, this 
 being his only previous political experience ; is a merchant and 
 planter; began the cotton movement in 1901, which resulted in 
 the organization of the Farmers' Protective Association ; in 1901, 
 after the Sulley "break," when cotton dropped from 17 to Q> l / 2 
 cents, began a study of the cotton movement ; attended boll- 
 weevil convention at Shreveport, La., which resulted in plans 
 for New Orleans convention, January, 1905, which culminated 
 in the formation of the Southern Cotton Association ; was made 
 field agent and general organizer, in which capacity he served 
 three years, January, 1905, to June, 1908, his territory covering 
 the entire south ; became a national figure on account of ad- 
 dresses at New Orleans, Birmingham, Dallas, and Shreveport ; 
 was nominated for United States senator at a primary election in 
 Sept. 1908, receiving 69,318 votes, to 39,655 for John Gary Evans, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 537 
 
 his majority being the largest ever given any candidate for the 
 office ; was elected tc the United States senate January, 1909, for 
 the term beginning March 4. His term of service will expire 
 March 3, 1915; and resides in Florence, S. C. 
 
 407. Legare, George S., United States congressman from the 
 first district of South Carolina, was born in 1870 in Rockville. 
 N. C. In 1889 he graduated with honors from the Porter 
 academy of Charleston, after which he attended the university 
 of South Carolina for two years ; from there he went to George- 
 town university law school of Washington, D. C. In 1898-1903 ; 
 he was corporation counsel. He was a member of the fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from South Carolina as a 
 democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the first district of South Carolina for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 408. Patterson, James O'Hanlon, United States congressman 
 from the second district of South Carolina, was born June 25, 
 1857, in Barnwell, S. C. He was educated in the private schools 
 of Barnwell and Augusta, Ga. ; and in 1866 was admitted to the 
 bar. He served two terms as probate judge of Barnwell county, 
 Ga. ; and in 1898-19904 was a representative in the South Caro- 
 lina state legislature ; and has filled various other positions of 
 trust and honor. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congress from the second district of South Carolina ; and was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress for term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Barnwell, S. C. 
 
 409. Aiken, Wyatt, United States congressman from the third 
 district of South Carolina, was born Dec. 14, 1863. In 1891-1894, 
 he was official court stenographer. He served in the Spanish- 
 American war in the Abbeyville volunteers. In 1903-05 he was 
 a democratic representative from South Carolina to the fifty- 
 eighth ; fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the third district of South Carolina 
 for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Abbeville, S. C. 
 
 410. Johnson, Joseph Travis, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of South Carolina, was bom Feb. 28, 1858, 
 in Brewerton, S. C. Since 1883 he has practiced law in Spartan- 
 burg, S. C. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from South Carolina as a 
 democrat. He Avas re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the fourth district of South Carolina for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and esides in Spartanburg, S. C. 
 
 411. Finley. David Edward, United States congressman from 
 
538 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the fifth district of South Carolina, was born Feb. 28, 1861, in 
 Trenton, Ark. He was a member of the house of representa- 
 tives of South Carolina in 1890-91 ; and of the state senate in 
 1892-96. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from South Carolina 
 as a democrat. He was reelected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the fifth district of South Carolina for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Yorkville, S. C. 
 
 412. Ellerbe, James Edwin, United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of South Carolina, was born Jan. 12, 1867, in 
 Sellers, S. C. His early education was received at Old Pine Hill 
 academy ; and for three years he studied at Wofford college of 
 Spartanburg. S. C. He has been a farmer all his life. In 1894 
 he was a representative in the South Carolina state legislature ; 
 and in 1895 was a member of the South Carolina state consti- 
 tutional convention. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. Pie was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the sixth district of South Carolina for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Marion, S. C. 
 
 413. Lever, Asbury Francis, United States congressman from 
 the seventh district of South Carolina, was born Jan. 5, 1875, 
 near Spring-hill, S. C In 1895 he graduated from Newberry col- 
 lege ; and for several years taught school. He subsequently took 
 up the practice of law ; and was a member of the state conven- 
 tions of 1896 and 1900. In 1900-02 he was a member of the 
 South Carolina state legislature. He was a member of the fifty- 
 seventh to fill a vacancy, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from South Carolina as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the seventh district of South 
 Carolina for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Lexington, S. C. 
 
 414. Gamble, Robert Jackson, United States senator from 
 South Dakota, was born Jan. 7, 1851, near Akron, N. Y. He 
 has been district attorney ; city attorney of Yankton for two 
 terms, and state senator in 1885. He represented South Dakota 
 as congressman-at-large in the fifty-fourth congress and was the 
 unanimous nominee of his party for re-election to the fifty- 
 fifth congress in the year 1896, but was defeated by a plurality 
 of one hundred and eighty-two votes out of a total vote of eighty- 
 three thousand. He was a member of the fifty-sixth and fifty- 
 seventh congresses as a republican. He was elected to the 
 United States senate in 1901 ; and his term expires in 1915 ; 
 and resides in Yankton, S. D, 
 
 415. Crawford, Coe I., United States senator from South Da- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 539 
 
 kota, was born near Volney, Iowa, Jan. 14, 1858 ; educated in 
 common schools and law department state university of Iowa ; 
 was state's attorney of Hughes county, Dakota territory, 1886- 
 1888 ; member first state senate, South Dakota, 1890 ; attorney- 
 general of South Dlakota, 1892-1896 ; was governor of the same 
 state in 190(5-08. In 1908 he was elected to the United States 
 senate for the term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Huron, S. D. 
 
 416. Martin, Eben Wever, United States congressman from 
 the first district of South Dakota, was born at Maquoketa, Jack- 
 son county, Iowa, April 12, 1855, and came of English, Irish, 
 and Scotch ancestry ; was graduated from Cornell college in 
 1879, with the degree of B. A., and three years later received 
 the degree of A. M. from his alma mater ; attended the law 
 school of the University of Michigan, and was there president 
 of his class; was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1880, 
 after which, in the summer of the same year, he moved to 
 Deadwood, and has since practiced law continuously in the vari- 
 ous state and federal courts of that region ; married Jessie A. 
 Miner, daughter of George N. Miner, of Cedar Falls, Iowa, June 
 13, 1883 ; they have five children, three boys and two girls, all 
 living; was a member of the Territorial legislature of Dakota in 
 1884 and 1885 ; was for several years president of the board of 
 education of the city of Deadwood ; is a member of the Sons of 
 the American revolution. South Dakota chapter, and of the 
 Iowa Commandery of the Loyal Legion, the latter by inheritance 
 from his father, Capt. James W. Martin, of company I, twenty- 
 fourth Iowa volunteers, now deceased ; was elected to the fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, and fifty-ninth congresses, and re-elected 
 to the sixtieth congress to fill the vacancy and to the sixty- 
 first congress, as a republican ; and resides in Deadwood. S. D. 
 
 417. Burke, Charles H., United States congressman from the 
 second district of South Dakota, was born on a farm in Genesee 
 county, N. Y., April 1, 1861 ; was educationed in the public 
 schools of Batavia, N. Y. ; moved to Dakota territory in 1882 ; 
 entered and settled upon a homestead in Beadle county, and 
 moved to Hughes county in March, 1883; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1886, but has never actively engaged in the practice of 
 law, having had charge of closing up the affairs of a farm loan 
 company, and engaging in a general real estate and investment 
 business ; is married and has three daughters and one son ; was 
 elected to the legislature in 1894 and re-elected in 1896; was 
 elected to the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, and fifty-ninth 
 congresses; was defeated in the convention in 1906, but was 
 
540 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 again nominated in June, 1908, in a state-wide primary, and 
 elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in 
 Pierre, S. D'. 
 
 418. Frazier, James B., United States senator from Tennessee, 
 was born Oct. 8, 1858, in Pikeville, Tenn. He was educated in 
 the common schools; and' graduated from the university of 
 Tennessee. He began the practice of law at Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 In 1903-05 he was governor of Tennessee. In 1905-11 he was a 
 member of the United States senate ; and resides in Chattanooga, 
 Tenn. 
 
 419. Taylor, Robert Love, United States senator from Ten- 
 nessee, was born in Happy Valley, Carter county, Tenn., July 
 31, 1850; educated at Pennington, N. J.; admitted to bar, 1878; 
 member of congress, 1879-1881 ; elected governor of Tennessee 
 three times, beginning with 1886 ; democratic in politics ; editor 
 in chief of Boy Taylor's Magazine ; chosen at primaries in May, 
 1906, to succeed Edward W. Carmack at United States sena- 
 tor for the term ending in 1913; and resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 420. Brownlow, Walter Preston, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Tennessee, was born March 27, 1851, in 
 Abingdon, Va. In 1876 he purchased the Herald and Tribune, 
 a republican newspaper, published at Jonesboro, of which he 
 has been the editor and proprietor since. In 1882 he was elected 
 a member of the republican state committee and served as a mem- 
 ber of said committee for eight years, two of which he Avas its 
 chairman. He was appointed postmaster at Jonesboro in 1881. 
 He was a delegate from the state at large to the republican 
 national convention of 1884, and favored the nomination of James 
 G. Blaine ; and was unanimausly selected at that time by the 
 delegation from his state as Tennessee's member of the national 
 committee. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a 
 protectionist republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of Tennessee for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Jonesboro, Tenn. 
 
 421. Austin, Richard W., United States congressman from the 
 second district of Tennessee, was born Aug. 26, 1857, in Decatur, 
 Ala. In 1887 he graduated with the degree of A. B. from the 
 university of Tennessee ; and in 1881 graduated with the degree 
 of LL. B. from the Columbian law school of Washington, D. C. 
 He practiced law in Knoxville, Tenn. ; and was manager of the 
 Knoxville Daily Chronicle. For eight years he was United 
 States marshal for the eastern district of Tennessee ; and in 1906- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 541 
 
 08 was American consul to Glasgow, Scotland. In 1909-11 ; he 
 was a representative from Tennessee to the sixty-first congress ; 
 and resides in Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 422. Moon, John Austin, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Tennessee, was born April 22, 1855, in Albemarle 
 countj, Va. In 1881-82 he was attorney for the city of Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn., and was special circuit judge in 1889-91. He was 
 apointed as regular judge for the fourth circuit, and held under 
 this commission until 1892, when he was elected circuit judge ; 
 and was re-elected in 1894 for a term of eight years. He was a 
 member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the third district of Tennessee for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 423. Hull, Cordell, United States congressman from the fourth 
 district of Tennessee, was born Oct. 2, 1871, in Overton county, 
 Tenn. In 1903-07 he was judge of the circuit court of Tennessee. 
 He was elected to the sixtieth congress from the fourth district 
 of Tennessee for the term of 1907-09 ; and was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Crossville, 
 Tenn. 
 
 424. Houston, William Cannon, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Tennessee, was born March 17, 1852, in 
 Bedford county, Tenn. He was educated at Woodbury, Tenn. 
 He was reared a farmer, and had a year or two's experience 
 running a country newspaper. He was a member of the legis- 
 lature in 1876-84. He was democratic elector in 1888 ; and cir- 
 cuit judge in 1894. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the fifth district of Tennessee for the term of 1909-11 ; a«d 
 resides in Woodbury, Tenn. 
 
 425. Byrns, Joseph W., United States congressman from the 
 sixth district of Tennessee, was born July 20, 1869, near Cedar 
 Hill, Tenn. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 county; and he graduated from the law department of the Van- 
 derbilt university at Nashville, Tenn. He at once attained promi- 
 nence as a noted lawyer of Nashville, Tenn. In 1895-97 and 
 1899 he was a member of the Tennessee house of representatives ; 
 and in 1899 was a speaker of the house. In 1901 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Tennessee state senate; and in 1904 was a democratic 
 elector. In 1909-11 he was a representative from Tennessee to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Nashville. 
 Tenn. 
 
542 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 426. Padgett, Lemuel Phillips, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Tennessee, was born Nov. 28, 1855, 
 in Columbia, Term. Since 1879 he has been actively engaged in 
 the practice of law in Columbia, Tenn. In 1896 lie was elected 
 to the Tennessee state senate. He was a member of the fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Tennessee as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the seventh district of Tennessee fcr term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Columbia, Tenn. 
 
 427. Sims, Thetus Willrette, United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of Tennessee, was born April 25, 185?, in 
 Wayne county, Tenn. In 1882-81 was county superintendent of 
 public instruction for Perry county, Tenn. He wa c a member cf 
 the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, nt'ty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from ihe eighth district of Tennessee 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Linden, Tenn. 
 
 428. Garrett, Finis James, United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Tennessee, was born Aug. 26, 1875, near 
 Ore Springs, Tenn. In 1897 he graduated from Bethel college 
 of Tennessee ; and for several years taught in the city schools of 
 Milan, Tenn. In 1899 he began the practice of law; and in 1900- 
 05 was master in chancery. He was elected to the fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 congress from the ninth district of Tennessee for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in Dresden, Tenn. 
 
 429. Gordon, George Washington, United States congress- 
 man from the tenth district of Tennessee, was born in Giles 
 county, Tenn., and reared chiefly in Mississippi and Texas; 
 received a collegiate education and was graduated at the West- 
 ern Military Institute, Nashville, Tenn.. in the class of 1859, 
 receiving there about the same military education and training 
 as were then given at the national military academy at West 
 Point ; practiced civil engineering till the outbreak of the civil 
 war; enlisted in the military service of the state of Tennes- 
 see in June, 1861, in the capacity of drillmaster of the eleventh 
 Tennessee infantry regiment and was soon thereafter trans- 
 ferred with the other Tennessee troops to the military service 
 of the confederate states of America ; was successively a captain, 
 lieutenant-colonel, and colonel of this regiment, and in 1861 
 was made a brigadier-general and served with that rank till 
 the close of the war. Though captured three times and once 
 dangerously wounded he participated in every engagement 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 543 
 
 fought by his command except those at Nashville, Term., and 
 Bentonville, N. C, at which times he was a prisoner at Fort 
 Warren, Mass., where he was held till August, 1865, several 
 months after the close of the war. Upon his release from 
 prison he studied law and practiced that profession until 1883, 
 when he was appointed one of the railroad commissioners of 
 the state ; in 1885 received an appointment in the interior de- 
 partment of the United States government, and served during 
 Cleveland's first term, four years, in the Indian country ; then 
 resumed the practice of law till 1892, when he was elected 
 superintendent of the Memphis city schools, which position he 
 held until 'March, 1907, when he resigned to take his seat in 
 congress. He is now major-general commanding the Tennes- 
 see division of the federation of united confederate veterans, 
 having been annually elected to this position for the last eight 
 years; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and resides in Memphis, 
 Tenn. 
 
 430. Culberson, Charles A., United States senator from 
 Texas, was born June 10, 1855, in Dadeville, Ala. He was 
 governor of Texas in 1894-98. He is the eldest son of David 
 B. Culberson, for twenty-two years a member of congress from 
 Texas. Since 1899 he has been a member of the United States 
 senate, and is now serving the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in 
 Dallas, Texas, 
 
 431. Bailey, Joseph Welden, United States senator from 
 Texas, was born Oct. 6, 1863, in Copiah county, Miss. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1883 and served as a district elector on 
 the Cleveland and Hendricks ticket in 1884. He removed to 
 Texas in 1885 and located in Gainesville. He served as elector 
 for the state at-large on the democratic ticket in 1888 ; was 
 elected to the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth and 
 fifty-sixth congresses as a democrat. Since 1901 he has been 
 a member of the United States senate and is now serving the 
 term ending in 1913; and resides in Gainsville, Texas. 
 
 432. Shepherd, Morris, United States congressman from the 
 first district of Texas, was born May 28, 1875, in Wheatville. 
 Tex. He entered the university of Texas in 1891, taking the 
 degrees of A. R. and LL. B. He was Columbus day orator, 
 university of Texas. He entered Yale university in 1897, tak- 
 ing the degree of LL. "M. in 1898. He was elected sovereign 
 banker, or national treasurer, Woodmen of the World in 1899, 
 and re-elected at Milwaukee in 1903. He was elected the first 
 
544 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 president of the Texas fraternal congress at Dallas, 1901 ; was 
 representative of Texas fraternal congress in national fraternal 
 congress at Milwaukee in 1903. He was a member of the fifty- 
 seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of Texas for the term if 1909-11; 
 and resides in Texarkana, Tex. 
 
 433. Dies, Martin, United States congressman from the 
 second district of Texas; was born in Jackson Parish, La., 
 March 13, 1870; moved to Texas with his parents in 1876; 
 received the rudiments of an English education in the public 
 schools of Texas ; was married in 1892 ; elected county judge 
 of Tyler county in 1894 ; elected district attorney of the first 
 judicial district of Texas in 1898 ; was elected to the sixty-first 
 congress as a democrat ; and resides in Beaumont, Texas. 
 
 434. Russell, Gordon, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Texas, was born in Huntsville, Ala. He was 
 elected county judge of Van Zandt county in 1884; in 1892-96 
 he was district atorney of the seventh judicial district of Texas. 
 In 1896-1904 was district judge of the seventh judicial district 
 of Texas. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Texas as a democrat ; re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the third district of Texas 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Tyler, Tex. 
 
 435. Randell, Choice Boswell, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Texas, was born Jan. 1, 1857, in 
 Georgia. In 1879 he began the practice of law in Texas. He was 
 a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses from Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the fourth district of Texas for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Sherman, Texas. 
 
 436. Beall, Jack. United States congressman from the fifth 
 district of Texas, was born Oct. 25, 1866, in Ellis county, Texas. 
 In 1884-85 he taught school ; and since 1890 has been engaged 
 in the practice of law. For three years he was a representative 
 in the Texas state legislature ; and for four years was a mem- 
 ber of the Texas state senate. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Texas as a 
 democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress for the 
 term 1909-11 ; and resides in Waxahachie, Tex. 
 
 437. Hardy, Rufus, United States congressman from the 
 sixth district of Texas, was born Dec. 16, 1855, in Monroe 
 countv, Miss.; educated in common schools (not public), and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 545 
 
 Somerville institute, Mississippi, and through the junior year 
 literary course, university of Georgia; admitted to the bar in 
 1875, and has practiced law from that date; was elected county 
 attorney of Navarro county, Tex., in 1880 and 1882; district 
 attorney, thirteenth judicial district, 1884 and 1886; district 
 judge of the same district, 1888 and 1892; retired from the 
 bench, December, 1896; was chairman of the Texas Sound 
 Money Democracy in 1896 ; married in 1881 ; was elected to the 
 sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-hrst congress as 
 a democrat ; and resides in Corsicana, Texas. 
 
 438. Gregg, Alexander White, United States congressman 
 from the seventh district of Texas, was born in Texas. He 
 graduated from King college at Bristol, Tenn., and afterwards 
 attended the law department of the university of Virginia. He 
 was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the seventh district of Texas for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Palestine, Tex. 
 
 439. Moore, John Matthew, United States congressman from 
 the eighth district of Texas, was born Nov. 18, 1862, in Rich- 
 mond, Texas. He was educated in the common schools of 
 Richmond and attended two sessions of the agricultural and 
 mechanical college of Bryan, Tex. He obtained his business 
 training in the mercantile, banking, stock raising and farming 
 businesses, and at present is a cattle raiser and planter. He 
 was elected to the state legislature in 1896. He was elected to 
 the fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to 
 the sixty-first congress from the eighth district of Texas for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Richmond, Tex. 
 
 440. Burgess, George Farmer, United States congressman 
 from the ninth district of Texas, was born Sept. 21, 1861, in 
 Wharton, Texas. He is a successful lawyer of Gonzales, Texas. 
 He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from Texas as a democrat. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the ninth district of 
 Texas for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Gonzales, Tex. 
 
 441. Burleson, Albert Sidney, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Texas, was born June 7, 1863, in San 
 Marcos, Texas. For eight years he was district attorney. He 
 was a member of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty- 
 ninth and sixtieth congresses from Texas as a democrat. He 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth district 
 of Texas for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Austin, Tex. 
 
546 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 442. Henry, Robert Lee, United States congressman from 
 the eleventh district of Texas, was born May 12, 1864, in Linden, 
 Tex. In 1890 he was elected mayor of Texarkana, Tex. ; and 
 resigned to accept the office assistant attorney-general. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the eleventh district of 
 Texas for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Waco, Tex. 
 
 443. Gillespie, Oscar William, United States congressman 
 from the twelfth district of Texas, was born June 20, 1858, in 
 Clarke county, Miss. He graduated from Mansfield college of 
 Texas; and in 1886 began the practice of law. In 1886-88 he 
 was assistant county attorney of Tarrant county, Texas. He 
 was a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses from Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the twelfth district of Texas for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Fprt Worth, Tex. 
 
 444. Stephens, John Hall, United States congressman from 
 the thirteenth district of Texas, was bcrn in Shelby county, 
 Texas. In 1872 he graduated from the law department of Cum- 
 berland university at Lebanon, Tenn. Since then he has prac- 
 ticed law in Texas ; and served two terms as a member of the 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the thirteenth district of Texas 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Vernon, Tex. 
 
 445. Slayden, James L., United States congressman from 
 the fourteenth district of Texas, was born June 1, 1853 , in 
 Graves county, Ky. He was a member of the twenty-third 
 legislature of Texas in 1892; and elected to the fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 grsss from the fourteenth district of Texas for the term of 
 1909-11 ; and resides in San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 446. Garner, John Nance, United States congressman from 
 the fifteenth district of Texas, was born Nov. 22, 1869, in Red 
 River county, Tex. He served as judge of Uvalde county for 
 four years ; and was a member of the Texas house of repre- 
 sentatives for four years ; and was a delegate to the national 
 democratic convention at Kansas City in 1900 ; and to the 
 national democratic convention at St. Louis in 1904. He was 
 a member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Texas as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the fifteenth district of Texas for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Uvalde, Texas. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 547 
 
 447. Smith, William Robert, United States congressman from 
 the sixteenth district of Texas, was born Aug. 18, 1863, in Smith 
 county, Texas. He was educated in the country schools of that 
 county and at the Sam Houston normal institute at Huntsville, 
 Tex., graduating from that institution in 1883. He practiced 
 law in Tyler until 1888. In 1897-1902 he was judge of the 
 thirty-second judicial district of Texas. He was a member of 
 the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Texas 
 as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the sixteenth district of Texas for the term of 1909-11, 
 and resides in Colorado, Texas. 
 
 448. Smoot, Reed, United States senator from Utah, was 
 born Jan. 10, 1862, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was educated 
 at the state .university and Brigham Young academy, being a 
 graduate of the latter institution. He is a banker and woolen 
 manufacturer. In 1903 he was elected to the United States 
 senate; and in 1909 was re-elected for the term ending in 1915; 
 and resides in Provo City, Utah. 
 
 449. Sutherland, George, United States senator from Utah, 
 was born March 25, 1862, in Buckinghamshire, England ; re- 
 ceived a common school and academic education ; studied law 
 at the University of Michigan, being admitted to practice in 
 the supreme court of that State in March, 1883, and has fol- 
 lowed the practice of law continuously since that date ; was state 
 senator from the sixth (Utah) senatorial district in the first 
 state legislature ; was delegate to the republican national con- 
 ventions of 1900 and 1904 ; was elected to the fifty-seventh con- 
 gress ; declined renomination to the fifty-eighth; was elected to 
 the United States senate by the Utah legislature for the term 
 beginning March 4, 1905. His term of service will expire March 
 3, 1911 ; and resides in Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 450. Howell, Joseph, United States congressman-at-large 
 from Utah, was born in 1857, in Box Elder county, Utah. For 
 many years he taught school in Wellsville, Utah; and then for 
 many years was superintendent of the Wellsville Co-op. a large 
 mercantile establishment. During this time he served several 
 terms in both houses of the territorial and state legislatures. 
 He was a member of the constitutional convention, which pro- 
 vided for statehood. He was twice elected mayor of Wellsville, 
 LTtah ; and served on the governing boards of the two foremost 
 educational institutions of L T tah. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses-at-large from Utah 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 
548 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 from Utah for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Logan, Utah. 
 
 451. Dillingham, William Paul, United States senator from 
 Vermont, was born Dec. 12, 1843, in Waterbury, Vt. In 1876 
 and 1884 he was a member of the Vermont legislature; state 
 senator in 1878-80 ; and commissioner of state taxes in 1882-88. 
 In 1888-90 he was governor of Vermont. In 1903 he was elected 
 to the United States senate for the terms ending in 1915 ; and 
 resides in Waterbury, Vt. 
 
 452. Page, Carroll Smalley, United States senator from Ver- 
 mont, was born at Westfield, Vt., January 10, 1843. He received 
 an academic education. His principal business has been that of 
 dealer in raw calfskins ; is president of the Lamoille county 
 savings bank and trust company and of Lamoille county national 
 bank, both of Hyde Park; is a director of the Swanton savings 
 bank and trust company, of Swanton, Vt., and of several lumber 
 and other corporations ; is LL. D. of Norwich university He 
 represented Hyde Park in the house of representatives 1869 to 
 1872, and Lamoille county in the state senate 1874 to 1876; 
 was a member of the Vermont republican state committee for 
 eighteen years — from 1872 to 1890 — and during the last four 
 years was its chairman ; was a delegate to the republican national 
 convention in 1880 ; savings banks examiner 1884 to 1888 ; gov- 
 ernor of the state, 1890 to 1892 ; was elected to the United States 
 senate October 21, 1908, to fill a vacancy caused by the death 
 of Hon. Redfield Proctor. His term of service will expire March 
 3, 1911 ; and resides in Hyde Park, Vt. 
 
 453. Foster, David Johnson, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Vermont, was born June 27, 1857, in Barnet, 
 Vt. In 1886-90 he was states attorney of Chittenden county, Vt. 
 In 1892-94 he was state senator. He was a member of the 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Vermont as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the first district of Vermont for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Burlington, Vt. 
 
 454. Plumley, Frank, United States congressman from the 
 second district of Vermont, was born in Eden, Vt., Dec. 17, 1844; 
 was educated in the public schools, academies, and by private 
 tutors, with one year at the Michigan university in the law 
 department; was admitted to the bar at the Lamoille county 
 (Vt.) court, May, 1869, and came immediately to Northfield, 
 where he has since practiced his profession ; was state's attorney 
 of Washington county, 1876 to 1880, inclusive ; district attorney 
 of the United States for the district of Vermont from 1889 to 
 1894; was appointed second member of the Vermont court of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 549 
 
 claims in 1902, elected as chief judge in 1904, and re-elected in 
 1906 ; was appointed umpire by President Roosevelt in 1903 oi 
 the mixed commissions of Great Britain and Venezuela, and 
 Holland and Venezuela sitting, in Caracas ; was later selected 
 by France and by Venezuela as umpire in the French-Venezuela 
 mixed commission, which sat in Northfield in 1905; has the 
 honorary degree of A. M. and LL. D. ; is trustee of and lecturer 
 on international law at Norwich university ; was elected to the 
 Vermont house of representatives in 1882, serving on the 
 judiciary committee and the committee of the insane, and in 
 1894 was elected to the Vermont senate, of which he was pro 
 tempore president, and served on the committees of the 
 judiciary, of rules, and was chairman of the joint committee on 
 temperance ; was delegate-at-large to the republican national 
 convention at Chicago in 1888, and a member of the committee 
 on platform ; was chairman of the Vermont republican conven- 
 tion in 1886 ; in 1884 was sent by the republican national com- 
 mittee to Michigan as a political orator, and was returned to 
 that state by the national committee for the same purpose in 
 1888, 1892, and 1896, and was called into the state by the repub- 
 lican state committee as an orator in the state campaigns of 
 1886 and 1890; has been married, but is now a widower; for 
 many years has been trustee of the Northfield savings bank and 
 is now vice-president. He was elected to the sixty-first congress 
 as a republican ; and resides in Northfield, Vt. 
 
 455. Daniel, John Warwick, United States senator from Vir- 
 ginia, was born Sept. 5, 1842, in Lynchburg, Va, He entered 
 the confederate army in 1861, and served throughout the civil 
 war, rising to the rank of major and adjutant-general. In 1875 
 he was elected a state senator, and was re-elected in 1879. In 
 1881 he resigned the office of state senator, and was re-elected 
 in 1879, resigned the office of state senator to accept the nomina- 
 tion of the democratic party for governor of Virginia ; but was 
 defeated at the election. In 1884 he was elected a representative 
 from Virginia to the forty-ninth congress. He is the author -f 
 Attachments Under the Code of Virginia ; and Negotiable Instru- 
 ments. Since 1887 he has been a member of the United States 
 senate and is serving the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Lynch- 
 burg, Va. 
 
 456. Martin, Thomas Staples, United States senator from 
 Virginia, was born July 29, 1847, in Scottsville. Va. Though not 
 a regularly enlisted soldier, a considerable part of the time while 
 he was a cadet at the Virginia military institute was spent in the 
 
550 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 military service of the confederate states with the battalion of 
 cadets of the institute. Since 1869 he has devoted himself closely 
 to law ; for a number of years has been a member of the board 
 of visitors of the Miller manual labor school of Albemarle 
 county ; and a member of the board of visitors of the university 
 of Virginia. Since 1895 he has been a member of the United 
 States senate' his present term ending in 1913 ; and resides in 
 Scottsville, Va. 
 
 457. Jones, William Atkinson, United States congressman 
 from the first district of Virginia, was born March 21, 1849, in 
 Warsaw, Va. He entered the Virginia military institute, where 
 he remained until the evacuation of Richmond serving as occa- 
 sion required with the cadets in the defense of that city. He 
 entered the academic department of the university of Virginia, 
 from which institution he was graduated with the degree of B. 
 L. in 1870. He was admitted to the bar in 1870; and has con- 
 tinued to practice law since ; was a delegate-at-large from his 
 state to the national democratic convention in 1896 ; and was 
 chairman of the Virginia delegation in that body- He was a 
 member of the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a democrat ; and was re-elected to the sixty-first con- 
 gress from the first district of Virginia for the term of 1909-11 ; 
 and resides in Warsaw, Va. 
 
 458. Maynard, Harry Lee, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Virginia, was born June 8, 1861, in Ports- 
 mouth, Va. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Virginia as a democrat. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the second 
 district of Virginia for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Portsmouth, Va. 
 
 459. Lamb, John, United States congressman from the third 
 district of Virginia, was born June 12, 1840, in Sussex county, 
 Va. At the first alarm of war in 1860 he went to the front as 
 a volunteer in the Charles City troop ; and served through the 
 entire war with distinguished gallantry. After the war he re- 
 turned to his native county and took up the business of farm- 
 ing; was soon elected sheriff of his county, and subsequently 
 served his people as treasurer, surveyor and chairman of the 
 county democratic committee. He was elected to the fifty-fifth, 
 fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth con- 
 gresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty-first 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 551 
 
 congress from the third district of Virginia for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Richmond, Va. 
 
 460. Lassiter, Francis Rives, United States congressman 
 from the fourth district of Virginia, was born at Petersburg, 
 Va., Feb. 18, 1866 ; graduated in several academic schools, uni- 
 versity of Virginia, 1883-84, and received the degree of LL. B. 
 from the university of Virginia, 1886 ; was admitted to the 
 Suffolk bar, Boston, Mass., 188?, and to the Virginia bar in 1888, 
 and has continued to practice law since ; has been a member 
 of the Virginia democratic state central committee; was elected 
 city attorney of Petersburg in 1888 and re-elected in 1890 and 
 1892 ; was a presidential elector in 1894 ; was appointed United 
 States attorney for the eastern district of Virginia in 1893 and 
 resigned in 1896 ; was appointed supervisor for the twelfth 
 census of the fourth district of Virginia in 1899 ; was elected to 
 the fifty-sixth congress to fill a vacancy, and re-elected to the 
 fifty-seventh congress ; was elected to the sixtieth congress with- 
 out opposition ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a dem- 
 ocrat ; and resides in Petersburg, Va. 
 
 461. Saunders, Edward Watts, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of Virginia, was born in Franklin county, 
 Va., Oct. 25, 1860, and has always resided in that county ; was 
 educated at home, at the Bellevue high school of Bedford county, 
 and at the university of Virginia, where he graduated in the ses- 
 sion of 1881-82, as bachelor of laws ; was associated with Prof. 
 F. P. Brent in the conduct of a high school at Onancock, Acco- 
 mac county ; began the practice of law at Kocky Mount in 1882, 
 and in 1887 was elected to the state legislature and re-elected 
 successively for seven terms ; served as chairman of the com- 
 mittees on privileges and elections and courts of justice; in 1899 
 was elected speaker of the house and retained that position until 
 elected speaker of the house and retained that position until 
 elected judge of the fourth circuit court in 1901 ; under the 
 operation of the new constitution he became judge of the seventh 
 circuit, and while serving in that position was elected to fill 
 the vacancy in the fifty-ninth congress, and to the sixtieth con- 
 gress ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a democrat ; and 
 resides in Rocky Mount, Va. 
 
 462. Glass, Carter, United States congressman from the sixth 
 district of Virginia, was born Jan. 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Va. 
 He was educated in private and public schools ; and in the news- 
 paper business. He owns The Daily News, and The Daily Ad- 
 vance. In 1899-1903 he was a member of Virginia state senate 
 
552 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1901 was a member of the Virginia constitutional con- 
 vention. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, 
 fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Virginia as a democrat. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress for the term of 1909- 
 11 ; and resides in Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 463. Hay, James, United States congressman from the 
 seventh district of Virginia, v/as born Jan. 9, 1856, in Millwood, 
 Va. He was elected attorney for the commonwealth in 1883, 
 and re-elected to that office in 1887, 1891, and 1895. He was a 
 member of the house of delegates of Virginia in 1885-90; and 
 was elected to the state senate in 1893. He was a member :>f 
 the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress from the seventh district of Virginia for the 
 term 1909-11; and resides in Madison, Va. 
 
 464. Carlin, Charles Creighton, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Virginia, was born April 8, 1866, in 
 Alexandria, Va. He graduated from the national law university ; 
 and was postmaster of Alexandria for four years. In 1904 he 
 was a presidential elector. In 1907-09 he was a representative 
 from Virginia to the sixtieth congress to fill a vacancy ; and 
 was re-elected to the sixty-first congress ; and resides in Alex- 
 andria, Va. 
 
 465. Slemp, Campbell, United States congressman from the 
 ninth district of Virginia, was born Dec. 2, 1839, in Lee county, 
 Va. He has been a farmer most of his life, being also engaged 
 in the live-stock business and in trading in coal and timber 
 lands. He was a student at Emory and Henry college of Vir- 
 ginia. He served in the confederate army as captain and lieu- 
 tenant-colonel in the twenty-first Virginia battalion ; and colonel 
 of the sixty-fourth regiment, which was both infantry and 
 cavalry. He was elector on the Harrison ticket in 1888 ; and on 
 the McKinley ticket in 1896. He was a member of the fifty- 
 eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Virginia as a 
 republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the ninth district of Virginia for the term of 1909-11 ; and 
 resides in Big Stone Gap, Va. 
 
 466. Flood, Henry Delaware, United States congressman 
 from the tenth district of Virginia, was born Sept. 2, 1865, in 
 Appomattox, Va. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the schools of Appomattox and Richmond ; and graduated from 
 the Washington and Lee university and the university of Vir- 
 ginia. In 1887-91 he served as a member of the Virginia house 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 553 
 
 of delegates; and in 1891 was elected a member of the state 
 senate; and subsequently was the democratic nominee for con- 
 gress, but was defeated by a majority of only forty-eight. He 
 has attained success as an able lawyer of his native city ; and has 
 served with distinction as commonwealth attorney of his county. 
 He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth 
 and sixtieth congresses from Virginia as a democrat He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the tenth district of 
 Virginia for the term of 1909-11; and resides in Appomattox, 
 Va. 
 
 467. Piles, Samuel Henry, United States senator from Wash- 
 ington, was born Dec. 28, 1858, in Livingston county, Ky. He 
 was educated at private schools at Smithland, Ky. In 1882 he 
 located in the territory of Washington; in 1886 moved for a 
 short time to Spokane, and later the same year to Seattle, where 
 he has ever since resided and practiced law. In 1887-1889 he 
 was assistant prosecuting attorney ; and in 1888-89 was city at- 
 torney of Seattle. He was elected to the United States senate 
 for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 468. Jones, Wesley L., United States senator from Wash- 
 ington, was born Oct. 9, 1863, near Bethany, 111. He graduated 
 from the southern Illinois college at Enfield. He was a member 
 of the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth con- 
 gresses from Washington as a republican. He was re-elected 
 to the sixtieth congress-at-large from Washington for the term 
 of 1907-09 ; and was elected to the United States senate for the 
 term ending in 1915 ; and resides in North Yakima. Wash. 
 
 469. Humphrey, William E., United States congressman 
 from the first district of Washington, was born March 31, 1862, 
 near Alamo, Montgomery county, Ind. He graduated from 
 Wabash college of Crawfordsville, Ind.; and practiced law at 
 Crawfordsville to 1893. In 1893 removed to Seattle, Wash., 
 where he has since practiced his profession ; in 1898-1902 he was 
 corporation counsel of the city of Seattle, Wash. He was a mem- 
 ber of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from 
 Washington as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from Washington for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 470. Cushman, Francis W., United States congressman from 
 the second district of Washington, was born May 8, 1867, in 
 Brighton, Iowa. Since 1891 he has been engaged in the practice 
 of law in Tacoma, Wash. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Washington 
 
554 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from Washington for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Tacoma, 
 Wash. 
 
 471. Poindexter, Miles, United States congressman from the 
 third district of Washington, was born at Memphis, Tenn., April 
 22, 1868 ; was educated at Fancy Hill Academy, Rockbridge 
 county, Va., and at Washington and Lee University, Lexington, 
 Va., in both the academic and law departments, and took the de- 
 gree of B. L. in that institution, June, 1891; October 10, 1891, 
 located at Wallawalla, Wash., and began the practice of law ; 
 in November, 1892, was elected prosecuting attorney of Walla- 
 walla county; in June, 1892, married Elizabeth Gale Page, of 
 Wallawalla; October 10, 1897, moved from Wallawalla to Spo- 
 kane; for six years was assistant prosecuting attorney for Spo- 
 kane county, until elected judge of the superior court of the 
 district, in November, 1904; remained upon the bench from that 
 time until nominated for congress in the newly created third 
 district at the primary election, September 8, 1908 ; was elected to 
 the sixty-first congress, as a republican ; and resides in Spokane, 
 Wash. 
 
 472. Elkins, Stephen Benton, United States senator from 
 West Virginia, was born Sept. 26, 1841, in Perry county, Ohio. 
 He was a member of the territorial legislative assembly of New 
 Mexico in 1864 and 1865. He held the offices of territorial dis- 
 trict attorney, attorney-general, and United States district attor- 
 ney; was elected to the forty-third congress as a republican, and 
 while abroad was re-nominated and elected to the forty-fourth 
 congress. After leaving congress he removed to West Virginia 
 and devoted himself to business affairs ; was secretary of war 
 in 1891-94. Since 1894 he has been a member of the United 
 States senate; his present term ending in 1913; and resides in 
 Elkins, W. Va. 
 
 473. Scott, Nathan Bay, United States senator from West 
 Virginia, was born Dec. 18, 1842, in Guernsey county, Ohio. In 
 1862-65 he served as a soldier in the civil war. He then engaged 
 in the manufacture of glass at Wheeling, W. Va. ; is president 
 of the Central glass works ; and president of the Dollar Savings 
 bank. In 1882-90 he served as a member of the West Virginia 
 state senate. He is a member of the republican national com- 
 mittee from West Virginia for term of 1904-08. He was elected 
 to the United States senate for the term of 1899-1905 ; was re- 
 elected for the term ending in 1911 ; and resides in Wheeling, 
 W. Va. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 555 
 
 474. Hubbard, William Pallister, United States congressman 
 from the first district of West Virginia, was born in that city 
 December 24, 1843 ; was educated in public schools and at Linsly 
 Institute, of Wheeling, and Wesleyan University, Middletown, 
 Conn., where he graduated in 1863 ; was admitted lo the bar in 
 1864, and has since practiced law in Wheeling; served in the 
 Union army in 1865; was clerk f;f the West Virginia house of 
 delegates, 1866 to 1870 ; member of the house of delegates and of 
 its committee to revise the general statutes, 1881 and 1882 ; dele- 
 gate to the Republican national convention in 1888 ; was the Re- 
 publican candidate for attorney-general of West Virigina in 1888, 
 and defeated ; Republican candidate for congress in 1890, and 
 defeated ; chairman of the commission to revise tax laws of West 
 Virginia 1901 to 1903 ; was elected to the sixtieth congress and 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides 
 in Wheeling, W. Va. 
 
 475. Sturgiss, George Cookman, United States congressman 
 from the second district of West Virginia, was born in Poland, 
 Mahoning county, Ohio; moved to Morgantown, Va. (now West 
 Viriginia), in Nov. 1859; was a student at Monongalia academy 
 and taught in that school for a short time. He read law in the 
 office of Hon. Waitman T. Willey, a United States senator un- 
 der the restored government of Virginia, and later senator from 
 West Virginia, and was admitted to the practice of law in 
 1863; for a time he was paymaster's clerk under Maj. James V. 
 Boughner, paymaster of United States volunteers, civil war; 
 served two terms of two years each (1865-1869) as county super- 
 intendent of free schools ; was elected three times a member of 
 the house of delegates of W. Virginia, serving in sessions of 1870, 
 1871-72 ; was twice elected and served as prosecuting attorney of 
 the county for eight years ; in 1880 was the republican nominee 
 for governor of the state ; in 1889 he was appointed United 
 States attorney for the district of West Virginia by President 
 Harrison ; was not a candidate for any public office after the end 
 of his term as district attorney until elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress ; he retired from the active practice of his profession in 
 1897, and has since devoted himself to promoting various indus- 
 trial enterprises in Morgantown and its vicinity. He organized 
 the Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad company, and built 
 the first 18 miles ; was secretary and director of the Union Util- 
 ity company, which built the first street car line in Morgan- 
 town ; and in 1906 built and owns the Sabraton (electric) rail- 
 way, extending from Morgantown to Sabraton, an industrial 
 
556 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 suburb created by him and situated about 3 miles from Morga 
 town. Was secretary of the board of regents of the West Vir- 
 ginia university for thirteen years, and president of that board 
 for four years ; was the first president of the state board of 
 trade and of the state association for the promotion of good 
 roads. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress for the term 
 if 1909-11; and resides in Morgantown, W. Va. 
 
 476. Gaines, Joseph Holt, United States congressman from 
 the third district of West Virginia, was born Sept. 3, 1864, in the 
 district of Columbia. He was educated at the university of 
 West Virginia and Princeton, graduating from the latter insti- 
 tution in 1886. He was appointed United States district attorney 
 for West Virginia by President McKinley in 1897, and resigned 
 in 1901. He was a member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fif- 
 ty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from West Virginia as a re- 
 publican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from 
 the third district of West Virginia for the term of 1909-11; and 
 resides in Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 477. Woodyard, Harry C, United States congressman from 
 the fourth district of West Virginia, was born at Spencer, W. 
 Va., Nov. 12, 1867; was educated in the common schools; mar- 
 ried Emma Douglas Kelley ; is engaged in the wholesale groc- 
 ery and lumber business ; was elected to the State senate from 
 the fifth senatorial district in 1898, and served as chairman of 
 the committee on railroads and on the judiciary committee ; was 
 a candidate for nomination for congress in 1900, but was defeated 
 in convention by Hon. James A. Hughes ; was elected to the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, and sixtieth congresses, and re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Spen- 
 cer, W. Va. 
 
 478. Hughes, James Anthony, United States congressman 
 from the fifth district of West Virginia, was born Feb. 27, 1861, 
 in Corunna, Ontario. He removed with his parents to Ashland, 
 Ky., where he entered on a business career. In 1887-88 he was 
 a member of the legislature of Kentucky ; and later in 1894-98 
 he was a member of the West Virginia state senate. He was a 
 member of the fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses from West Virginia as a republican. He was re- 
 elected to the sixty-first congress from the fifth district of West 
 Virginia for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Huntingdon, 
 W. Va. 
 
 479. La Follette, Robert Marion, United States senator from 
 Wisconsin, was born June 14, 1855, in Primrose, Wis. In 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 557 
 
 1874 he graduated from the state university of Wisconsin ; stud- 
 ied law in that institution and practiced his profession in Madi- 
 son, Wis. In 1880-84 he was district attorney for Dane county, 
 Wis. He was a member of the fiftieth, and fifty-first congresses 
 from Wisconsin. He was governor of the state of Wisconsin for 
 the term of 1905-06. He is United States senator from Wiscon- 
 sin for the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 480. Stephenson, Isaac, United States senator from Wiscon- 
 sin, was born near Eredericton, York county, New Brunswick, 
 June 18, 1829 ; received a common schood education ; is a lum- 
 berman, farmer, and banker; mover to Wisconsin, with head- 
 quarters at Milwaukee, in 1845, and for twelve years engaged in 
 the lumber trade at Escanaba, Mich. ; in the spring of 1858 moved 
 to Marinette and has ever since resided there; has held various 
 local offices, and in 1866 and 1868 was a member of the Wiscon- 
 sin legislature ; was a representative from the ninth district of 
 Wisconsin in the forty-eighth, forty-ninth, and fiftieth congress- 
 es ; was elected to the United States senate May 17, 1907, to fill 
 out the unexpired term of Hon. J. C. Spooner, and was re- 
 elected in 1909. His term of service will expire March 3, 1915 ; 
 and resides in Marinette, Wis. 
 
 481. Cooper, Henry Allen, United States congressman from 
 the first district of Wisconsin, was born in Walworth county, 
 Wis. He was elected district attorney of Racine county, and was 
 re-elected without opposition in 1882 and 1884. He was a dele- 
 gate to the national republican convention of 1884 ; a member of 
 the board of education of the city of Racine in 1886-87, and was 
 a member of the state senate 1887-89. He was a member of the 
 fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses as a republican. 
 He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the first dis- 
 trict of Wisconsin for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Racine. 
 Wis. 
 
 482. Nelson, John Mandt, United States congressman from 
 the second district of Wisconsin, was born in the town of Burke. 
 Dane county, Wis., Oct. 10, 1870 ; received a collegiate education, 
 graduating from the University of Wisconsin in June, 1892 ; was 
 elected superintendent of schools in Dane county in 1892 and 
 re-elected in 1894 ; resigned to accept the position of bookkeeper 
 in the office of the secretary of state 1894-1897; edited The 
 State 1897-98 ; correspondent in State treasury 1898-1902 ; was 
 graduated from the law department of the University of Wis- 
 consin, 1896 ; pursued post-graduate studies at the university 
 1904-5 ; was a member of the Republican state central commit- 
 
558 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 tee 1902-1906 ; is by profession a lawyer ; was elected to the 
 fifty-ninth congress to fill a vacancy and to the sixtieth congress, 
 and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican ; and 
 resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 483. Kopp, Arthur W., United States congressman from the 
 third district of Wisconsin, was born Feb. 28, 1874, in Big 
 Patch, Wis. He was educated in the common schools of Grant 
 county; in 1895 graduated from the state normal school at Platte- 
 ville ; taught school for three years, and in 1890 graduated 
 from the law department of the university of Wisconsin. In 
 1900 began the practice of law at Platteville, Wis., and served 
 as alderman of that city. For two terms he was city attorney; 
 and for four years was district attorney of Grant county. In 
 1909-11 he was representative from Wisconsin to the sixty-first 
 congress as a republican ; and resides in Platteville, Wis. 
 
 484. Cary, William Joseph, United States congressman irmm 
 the fourth district of Wisconsin, was born in that city March 
 22, 1865; received a primary education in the public schools, and 
 at the age of 13 was left an orphan with five younger children ; 
 began work as messenger boy, the younger children being placed 
 in an orphan asylum ; at 18 he was a telegraph operator, and 
 at 19 took the younger children from the asylum and gave them 
 a home ; was married in 1890 ; elected alderman in 1900 and re- 
 elected in 1902 ; elected sheriff of Milwaukee county in 1904 with 
 a plurality of 11,000, leading his ticket by 3.000; was nominated 
 for congress over Hon. Theabold Otjen, at the first trial of the 
 Wisconsin primary election law, and elected to the sixtieth con- 
 gress ; re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican; and 
 resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 485. Stafford, William H., United States congressman from 
 the fifth district of Wisconsin. He was in the active practice of 
 the law when elected to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth 
 congresses from Wisconsin as a republican. He was re-elected 
 to the sixty-first congress from the fifth district of Wisconsin 
 for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 486. Weisse, Charles H., United States congressman from 
 the sixth district of Wisconsin, was born Oct. 24. 1866, in She- 
 boygan Falls, Wis. He is a manufacturer of leather. He was a 
 member of the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Wisconsin as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the sixth district of Wisconsin for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Sheboygan Falls, Wis. 
 
 487. Esch, John Jacob, United States congressman from the 
 seventh district of Wisconsin, was born March 20, 1861, near 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 559 
 
 Norwalk, Wis. Since 1887 he has practiced law in La Crosse, 
 Wis. He organized the Sparta rifles, afterwards known as com- 
 pany I, third regiment, Wisconsin national guard, and was com- 
 missioned captain, retaining the office until 1887. Upon his re- 
 moval to La Crosse he helped to organize company M of the 
 same regiment, being first lieutenant, and afterwards captain ; in 
 January, 1894, was commissioned acting judge advocate-general, 
 with the rank of colonel. He was a member of the fifty-sixth, 
 fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses 
 from Wisconsin as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty- 
 first congress from the seventh district of Wisconsin for the 
 term of 1909-11; and resides in La Crosse, Wis. 
 
 488. Davidson, James Henry, United States congressman 
 from the eighth district of Wisconsin, was born June 18, 1858, 
 in Colcester, Delaware county, N. Y. He was educated in the 
 public schools and at Walton academy. He taught school ; stud- 
 ied law ; graduated from Albany law school as president of the 
 class in 1884 and was in the same year admitted to the bar of 
 New York. He subsequently removed to Wisconsin and com- 
 menced the practice of law at Princeton in 1887. In 1888 he 
 was elected prosecuting attorney of Green Lake county ; in 1893 
 removed to Oshkosh and continued the practice of law and in 
 1895 was appointed city attorney. He was a member of the 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and 
 sixtieth congresses from Wisconsin as a republican. He was 
 re-elected to the sixty-first congress from the eighth district of 
 Wisconsin for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Oshkosh, Wis. 
 
 489. Kustermann, Gustav, United States congressman from 
 the ninth district of Wisconsin, was born in Detmod, Germany, 
 May 24, 1850 ; received his education at the academy of his 
 native city (Gymnasium Leopoldinum), from where he gradu- 
 ated in 1864. After being employed for several years in a whole- 
 sale dry goods establishment in Hamburg, Germany, in 1868, 
 he emigrated to the United States, settling in Green Bay, Wis., 
 where he and his family still reside, and where for over thirty 
 years he was engaged in mercantile business. He held various 
 public positions, and from 1892 to 1896 served as post-master in 
 Green Bay; in 1901 he received an appointment as member of 
 the State board of control, whose president he was from 1904 to 
 1907 ; was elected to the sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the 
 sixty-first congress as a republican ; and resides in Green Bay, 
 Wis. 
 
 490. Morse, Elmer Addison, United States congressman from 
 
560 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the tenth district of Wisconsin, was born at Franksville, Racine 
 county, Wis., May 11, 1870 ; was educated in the district schools 
 of Racine county ; then entered the preparatory school of Ripon 
 college, and in 1893 graduated from the college proper, receiv- 
 ing the degree of B. A.; that year was elected county superin- 
 tendent of schools of Racine county and re-elected in 1895, 
 serving four years; then entered the law school at the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin and was admitted to the bar in 1900; has 
 practiced law in Antigo from 1900 until the present time ; served 
 as city attorney of Antigo for three terms; was elected to the 
 sixtieth congress, and re-elected to the sixty-first congress as a 
 republican; and resides in Antigo, Wis. 
 
 491. Lenroot, Irvine L., United States congressman from the 
 eleventh district of Wisconsin, was born in Superior, Wis., Jan. 
 31, 1869, received a common school education, became a court 
 reporter, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1897; 
 is married; was elected to the Wisconsin legislature in 1900, 
 1902, and 1904; was elected speaker of the assembly in 1903 and 
 1905; was elected to the sixty-first congress as a republican; 
 and resides in Superior, Wis. 
 
 492. Warren, Francis Emroy, United States senator from 
 Wyoming, was born in Hinsdale, Mass., June 20, 1844; received 
 a common school and academic educaton ; enlisted in 1862 in the 
 forty-ninth Massachusetts regiment of infantry, and served as 
 private and noncommissioned officer in that regiment until it was 
 mustered out of service; received the congressional medal of 
 honor for gallantry on battlefield at the siege of Port Hudson; 
 was afterwards captain in the Massachusetts militia ; was en- 
 gaged in farming and stock raising in Massachusetts until early 
 in 1868, when he moved to Wyoming, is at present interested in 
 live stock and real estate ; was president of the senate of Wyom- 
 ing legislature in 1873-74 and member of the senate in 1884-85 ; 
 was twice member of the council and also mayor of the city of 
 Cheyenne, and served three terms as treasurer of Wyoming; 
 was member of the Wyoming delegation to the national republi- 
 can convention at Chicago in 1888 and chairman of the Wyom- 
 ing delegation to the national republican conventions at Phila- 
 delphia in 1900 and at Chicago in 1904 and 1908 ; was chairman 
 of the republican territorial central committee, and chairman of 
 republican state central committee of Wyoming in 1896 ; was ap- 
 pointed governor of Wyoming by President Arthur in Feb. 1885, 
 and removed by President Cleveland in November, 1886; was 
 again appointed governor of Wyoming by President Harrison 
 in March, 1889, and served until the territory was admitted as a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 561 
 
 state, when he was elected the first governor of the state ; was 
 elected to the United States senate Nov. 18, 1890, and served 
 until the expiration of his term, March 3, 1983 ; was re-elected 
 in 1895, 1901, and 1907. His term of service will expire March 
 3, 1913; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 493. Clark, Clarence Don, United States senator from Wyom- 
 ing, was born April 16, 1851, in Sandy Creek, N. Y. He was 
 prosecuting attorney for Uinta county four years, and was ap- 
 pointed associate justice of the territory of Wyoming in 1890, 
 but declined the office. Upon the admission of Wyoming as a 
 state he was elected to the fifty-first and fifty-second congresses. 
 Since 1895 he has been a member of the United States senate, 
 and is now serving the term of 1905-11 ; and resides in Evan- 
 ston, Wyo. 
 
 494. Mondell, Frank Wheeler, United States congressman at 
 large from Wyoming, was born Nov. 5, 1860, in St. Louis, Mo. 
 He is a successful discoverer, developer, and manager of ex- 
 tensive coal interests at Newcastle, Wyo. He engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits and in railway construction in various western 
 states and territories. He was mayor of Newcastle in 1888-95. 
 He was a member of the first state senate in 1890 ; and served 
 as president of that body at the session of 1892. He was a 
 delegate to the republican national convention at Minneapolis in 
 1892. In 1897 he was appointed assistant commissioner of the 
 general land office. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, fifty- 
 sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congress- 
 es as a republican. He was reelected to the sixty-first congress 
 from the first district of Wyoming for the term of 1907-11; 
 and resides in Newcastle, Wyo. 
 
 495. Wickersham, James, United States congressman from 
 Alaska territory, was born Aug. 24, 1857, in Patoka, 111. He 
 was for four years judge of Price county, Wash. He gives 
 special attention to ethnology ; is associate editor of the Ameri- 
 can Antiquarian; and president of the Tacoma academy of sci- 
 ence. In 1894-96 he was city attorney of Tacoma ; and in 1899 
 was a member of the Washington state legislature. In 1900-08 
 he was judge of the United States district court for the third 
 district of Alaska territory. In 1909-11 he was a representative 
 from Alaska to the sixty-first congress as a republican: and re- 
 sides in Fairbanks, Alaska. 
 
 496. Cameron, Ralph Henry, United States congressman from 
 Arizona, was born Oct. 21, 1863, in Southport, Maine. He was 
 educated in the public and private schools of New England. He 
 
562 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 then settled in Arizona; and he soon became prominently identi- 
 fied with the business and public affairs of that state. For three 
 terms he was sheriff of Coconino county, Ariz. ; served one term 
 as chairman of the board of supervisors of that county ; and for 
 one term was a member of the board of supervisors of Cocon- 
 ino county, Ariz. For many years he has been connected with 
 the business and public affairs of Flagstaff, Ariz. He was elected 
 a delegate to congress ; and is now serving his term from 1909- 
 11 as a representative from Arizona to the sixty-first congress as 
 a republican ; and resides in Flagstaff, Ariz. 
 
 497. Kalanianaole, Jonah Kuiho, United States congressman 
 from Hawaii, was born March 26, 1871, in Koloa, island of 
 Kauai, Hawaii. He was educated in Honolulu, the United 
 States and England. He is a capitalist ; was employed in the 
 office of minister of the interior and in the custom-house under 
 the monarchy; is cousin of the late King Kalakaua and Queen 
 Liliuokalani, monarch of the then kingdom of Hawaii, and ne- 
 phew of Queen Kapiolani, consort of Kalakaua ; and was created 
 prince by royal proclamation in 1884. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth and sixtieth congresses from Hawaii 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from Hawaii territory for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in 
 Waikiki, Hawaii. 
 
 498. Andrews, William H., United States congressman from 
 New Mexico, was born Jan. 14, 1842, in Youngsville, Va. He 
 is engaged in farming, mercantile business, and railroading, be- 
 dng president of the Santa Fe Central railway company. He 
 "was chairman of the republican state committee of Pennsylvania 
 in 1889 and 1890 ; member of the senate of Pennsylvania in 1895- 
 98 ; member of the house of representatives of Pennsylvania in 
 1899-1902. He was a member of the territorial council of New 
 Mexico in 1903-05. He was elected to the fifty-ninth and six- 
 tieth congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-first congress 
 from New Mexico for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Alburn- 
 querque, New Mexico. 
 
 499. Legarda, Benito, United States congressman from the 
 Philippine Islands, was born in Manila, Philippine Islands, Sept. 
 27, 1853; was educated in the Jesuits' college and St. Thomas 
 university of Manila, from the latter of which he received the 
 degree of LL. B. He held some honorific positions dur- 
 in the Spanish regime; joined Aguinaldo when he landed 
 in Cavite shortly after Admiral Dewey had destroyed the 
 Spanish fleet, 1898 ; was a member of Aguinaldo's cabinet 
 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 563 
 
 at Malolos and vice-president of the Filipino congress ; resigned 
 these positions to return to Manila in Dec. of the same year, 
 (1898) ; co-operated with live interest in the establishment of 
 peace during and after the war between the Filipinos and Amer- 
 icans. On Feb. 1, 1901, was appointed by President McKinley a 
 member of the Philippine commission, an office that he held until 
 he was elected by the Philippine legislature one of the resident 
 commissioners of the Philippine islands in the United States 
 in Nov. 1907 ; and resides in Manila, Philippine islands. 
 
 500. DeLeon, Pablo Ocampo, United States congressman 
 from the Philippine islands was born in Manila in 1853 ; studied 
 in St. Thomas university, from which he graduated with the 
 degree of LL. B. in Feb. 1882, since which time he has practiced 
 his profession. Under the Spanish regime he was secretary of 
 the royal court of Manila, prosecuting attorney of the district of 
 Tondo, and secretary of the Bar association of Manila, to which 
 post he was twice re-elected. In the Filipino government at 
 Malolos he was a representative of the provinces of Principie, 
 Infanta, Lepanto, and Bontoc, and was elected secretary of the 
 Filipino parliament. He was also appointed professor of law of 
 the university of Malolos. During the revolution, and after the 
 Malolos cause became hopeless, a meeting was called in Manila 
 by those who were willing to submit to the American govern- 
 ment, and at this meeting he was the only one who stood firmly 
 against giving up the struggle. He was offered a place on the 
 supreme court in the early days, but would not accept, and the 
 position of resident commissioner in the United States to which 
 he was elected by the Philippine legislature in November, 1907, 
 is the first he has ever held under the American government. 
 At on time he was editor of La Patria, in Manila, publication of 
 which was suspended by order of General Otis. He is also a 
 counsel to the Economic association of the Philippines. Shortly 
 after the outbreak of hostilities between the Americans and 
 Filipinos he was appointed by the government of the Filipino 
 republic its representative in Manila, with unlimited powers, and 
 was known to the American as an "irreconcilable" and deported 
 to Guam, where he remained two years ; he was pardoned and 
 returned to Manila, after taking the oath of allegiance to the 
 American government ; and resides in Manila, Philippine islands. 
 
 500a. Larrinaga, Tulio, United States congressman from Por- 
 to Rico, was born Jan. 15, 1847, in the town of Trujillo, Alta. He 
 was educated in the Seminario Consiliar of San Juan, where he 
 received the degree of bachelor of arts, with the highest honors ; 
 studied the profession of civil engineer at the Polytechnic in- 
 
564 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 stitute of Troy and at the university of Pennsylvania, where he 
 graduated in 1871 ; practiced the profession for some time in the 
 United States, taking part in the preparation of the topographi- 
 cal map of Kings county (Brooklyn) and in the technical de- 
 partment cf Badger and Co., New York, in the construction of 
 the Grand Central depot in that city. In 1872 he returned to 
 Porto Rico and was appointed architect for the city of San Juan ; 
 built the first railroad in Porto Rico in 1880, and introduced for 
 the first time American rolling stock in the island ; was for ten 
 years chief engineer of the provincial works, and built most of 
 the important structures (especially bridges) in the island. He 
 was one of the founders of the Atheneum of San Juan in 1876, 
 and of the society for the education of intelligent young men of 
 the poor classes. In 1898 he was appointed assistant secretary of 
 the interior under the autonomic government, serving in that 
 capacity until some time after the American occupation of the 
 island. He resigned the office to resume his position as chief 
 engineer of the harbor works of San Juan ; and is an ardent 
 advocate of home rule for his country. In 1900 he was sent by 
 the Federal party of Porto Rico to Washington as delegate at 
 the time of the organic act for Porto Rico was being framed 
 by congress ; in 1902 was elected member of the house of dele- 
 gates of Porto Rico from the district of Arecibo. He is the presi- 
 dent of the society of civil engineers of Porto Rico. He was 
 elected commissioner for the terms of the fifty-ninth, sixtieth 
 and sixty-first congresses ; and resides in San Juan, Porto Rico. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 565 
 
 JUDICIAL 
 
 501. Fuller, Melville Weston, chief justice United States 
 supreme court, was born Feb. 11, 1833, in Augusta, Maine. In 
 1856 he removed to Chicago, 111., where he practiced law until 
 appointed chief justice. In 1862 he was a member of the state 
 constitutional convention; and was a member of the state legis- 
 lature from 1863 to 1865. He was appointed chief justice in 
 1888. 1899 he was a member of the arbitration commission on 
 the Anglo-Venezuelan boundary question. Since 1888 he has 
 been chief justice of the supreme court of the United States; and 
 resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 502. Harlan, John Marshall, associate-justice United States 
 supreme court, was born June 1, 1833, in Boyle county, Ky. He 
 received his education at the Center college, Ky., and at the 
 Transylvania university. He practiced law in Frankfort, in con- 
 nection with his father, the late Hon. James Harlan, and served 
 as county judge in Franklin county, Ky. During the civil war he 
 served in the union army as colonel of the tenth Kentucky vol- 
 unteer infantry. He has filled the office of adjutant-general of 
 Kentucky; and was attorney-general in 1853-67. In 1871 and 
 in 1875 he was the republican candidate for governor of Ken- 
 tucky; and in the latter year his name was presented by the re- 
 publican convention of his state for the vice-presidency. In 1877 
 he was a member of the Louisiana commission. Since 1877 he 
 has been associate-justice of the supreme court of the United 
 States; and now fills the office of chief justice; and resides in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 503. Brewer, David Josiah, associate-justice United States 
 supreme court, was born June 20, 1837, in Smyrna, Asia Minor. 
 He is the son of Rev. Joseph Brewer and Emilia A. Field, sister 
 of David Dudley, Cyrus W., and Justice Stephen J. Field ; and 
 his father was an early missionary to Turkey. He was gradu- 
 ated from Yale college in 1856 and from the Albany law school 
 in 1858 ; and established himself in his profession at Leaven- 
 worth, Kan., in 1859, where he resided until he removed to 
 Washington to enter upon his present duties. In 1861 he was 
 appointed United States commissioner; from 1862 to 1865 was 
 judge of the probate and criminal courts of Leavenworth county ; 
 from 1865 to 1869 was judge of the district court ; and from 
 1869 to 1870 was county attorney of Leavenworth. In 1870 he 
 was elected a justice of the supreme court of his state, and re- 
 elected in 1876 and 1882 ; in 1884 was appointed judge of the 
 
566 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 circuit court of the United States for the eighth district; and 
 was appointed to his present position, to succeed Justice Stanley 
 Matthews, deceased, in Dec. 1889, and was commissioned Dec. 
 
 18, 1889. Since 1889 he has been chief of the supreme court of 
 the United States ; and resides in Washington, D 1 . C. 
 
 504. White, Edward Douglass, associate justice United States 
 supreme court, was born in Nov. 1845 ; was educated at Mount 
 St. Mary's, near Emmitsburg, Md., at the Jesuit college in New 
 Orleans, and at Georgetown college; served in the confederate 
 army ; was licensed to practice law by the supreme court of 
 Louisiana in Dec. 1868; elected state senator in 1874; was ap- 
 pointed associate justice of the supreme court of Louisiana in 
 1878; was elected to the United States senate as a democrat, to 
 succeed James B. Eustis, and took his seat March 4, 1891 ; while 
 serving his term as senator from Louisiana was appointed, Feb. 
 
 19, 1894, an associate justice of the supreme court, and took his 
 seat March 12, 1894. 
 
 505. Peckham, Rufus Wheeler, associate-justice United 
 States supreme court, was born Nov. 8, 1838, in Albany, N. Y. In 
 1868 he was elected district attorney of Albany county ; was sub- 
 sequently corporation counsel of Albany city ; and in 1883 was 
 elected an associate judge of the court of appeals of New York 
 state and served in 1886-95. Since 1895 he has been associate- 
 justice of the supreme court of the United States ; and resides in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 506. McKenna, Joseph, associate justice United States su- 
 preme court, was born Aug. 10, 1843, in Philadelphia, Pa. He 
 was district attorney of Solano county, Cal., for two terms, com- 
 mencing in 1866. He was a representative in the California leg- 
 islature in 1875 and 1876. In 1884 he was elected a representa- 
 tive from California to the forty-ninth congress; and was a 
 member of the fiftieth, fifty-first and fifty-second congresses. In 
 1893 he was appointed United States circuit judge; and in 1897 
 became attorney-general of the United States circuit judge ; and 
 in 1897 became attorney-general of the United States. Since 
 1898 he has been chief justice of the supreme court of the 
 United States; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 507. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, associate-justice United States 
 supreme court, was born March 8, 1841, in Boston, Mass. He is 
 a son of Dr. O. W. Holmes, the poet and essayist. He served 
 three years in the Massachusetts volunteers. Since 1882 he has 
 been justice of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts! He 
 is the author of The Common Law; Lectures at Lowell Insti- 
 tute ; Speeches ; and edited Kent's Commentaries. Since 1902 he 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 567 
 
 has been chief justice of the supreme court of the United States; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 508. Day, William Rufus, associate justice United supreme 
 court, was born April 17, 1849, in Ravenna, Ohio, being a son 
 of Judge Luther Day, of the supreme court of Ohio. In 1866 ne 
 entered the academic department of the university of Michigan, 
 where he graduated in 1870; he also spent one year in the law 
 department of that institution. In 1872 he was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar and began the practice of law in Canton, Stark county, 
 Ohio, where he was elected judge of the court of common pleas 
 in 1886. In 1889 he was appointed United States district judge 
 for the northern district of Ohio by President Harrison, which 
 position he declined. In April, 1897, he was appointed assistant 
 secretary of state by President McKinley, and in April, 1898, 
 was made secretary of state, which position he resigned to accept 
 the chairmanship of the commission which negotiated the treaty 
 of peace with Spain at the close of the Spanish-American war. 
 In Feb. 1899 he was appointed United States circuit judge for 
 the sixth judicial circuit by President McKinley. In Feb. 1903, 
 he was made justice of the United States supreme court by 
 President Roosevelt, taking the oath of office March 2 of that 
 year. 
 
 509. Moody, William Henry, associate justice United States 
 supreme court, was born Dec. 23, 1853, in Newbury, Mass. He 
 was district attorney for the eastern district of Massachusetts in 
 1890-95. He was elected to the fifty-fourth congress as a repub- 
 lican at a special election, to fill a vacancy ; and was a member 
 of the fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh congresses. In 1904-06 he 
 was United States attorney-general ; and since 1907 has been 
 associate justice of the United States supreme court; and re- 
 sides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 510. McKenney, James Hall, clerk United States supreme 
 court, was born July 12, 1837, in Harford county, Md. Since 
 1880 he has been clerk of the supreme court of the United States ; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 511. Colt, Le Baron Bradford, judge United State circuit 
 court, was born June 25, 1846, in Dedham, Mass. He was a rep- 
 resentative in the state legislature of Rhode Island in 1879 and 
 1880, and in 1881 was appointed United States district judge for 
 the district of Rhode Island. Since 1881 he has been judge of 
 the first judicial circuit court of the United States; and resides 
 in Bristol, R. I. 
 
 512. Putnam, William Le Baron, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born May 12, 1835, in Bath, Maine. In 1858-92 he 
 
568 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 practiced law in Portland. In 1888 he was democratic candidate 
 for governor of Maine. Since 1892 he has been judge of the first 
 judicial circuit court of the United States; and resides in Port- 
 land, Maine. 
 
 513. Lowell, Francis Cabot, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Jan. 7, 1855, in Boston, Mass. In 1876 he received the 
 degree of A. B. from Harvard university. In 1880-98 he prac- 
 ticed law in Boston, Mass. He is the author of Joan of Arc, 
 a valuable historical biography. In 1898-1905 he was judge of 
 the United States district court for Massachusetts. Since 1905 
 he has been judge of the United States circuit court for the dis- 
 trict of Massachusetts ; and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 514. LaCombe, Emile Henry, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Jan. 29, 1846, in New York city. For three years 
 he was corporation counsel for the city of New York. Since 1887 
 he has been judge of the second judicial circuit court of the 
 United States for term of life; and resides in New York city. 
 
 515. Coxe, Alfred Conkling, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born in Auburn, N. Y. In 1882 he was appointed United 
 States district judge for the northern district of New York, 
 his grandfather, Hon. Alfred Conkling, having formerly held 
 the same position. Since 1902 he has been judge of the second 
 judicial circuit court of the United States; and resides in Utica, 
 N. Y. 
 
 516. Ward, Henry Galbraith, judge of the United States cir- 
 cuit court, was born April 19, 1851, in New York city. In 1870 
 he received the degrees of B. A. and M. A. from the university 
 of Pennsylvania. In 1873 he was admitted to the practice of law. 
 Since 1907 he has been judge of the United States circuit court 
 for the second circuit ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 517. Noyes, Walter Chadwick, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Aug. 8, 1865, in Lyme, Conn. He was educated 
 in Cornell university ; and in 1866 was admitted to the practice 
 of law. In 1895-1907 he was judge of the court of common pleas 
 for New London county, Conn. ; and since 1907 has been judge 
 of the United States circuit court. He is the author of The Law 
 of Inter-Corporate Relations ; and American Railroad Rates ; and 
 resides in New London, Conn. 
 
 518. Dallas, George Mifflin, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Feb. 7, 1839, in Pittsburg, Pa. Since a child he has re- 
 sided in Philadelphia ; was educated in the public and private 
 schools of that city ; and received the degree of LL. D. from 
 Princeton university. In 1859 he was admitted to the bar ; and 
 was a delegate to the state constitution convention which framed 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 569 
 
 ♦the present constitution of Pennsylvania. He is professor of 
 law of torts, evidence and practiced in the law department of 
 the university of Pennsylvania. Since 1892 he has been circuit 
 judge for the third judicial circuit court of the United States ; and 
 resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 519 Gray, George, judge United States circuit court, was born 
 May 4, 1840, in New Castle, Del. He was attorney-general of 
 the state of Delaware in 1879-85 and re-appointed in 1884. In 
 1885-99 he was a member of the United States senate. In 1898 
 he was appointed a member of the Quebec joint high commis- 
 sion, to settle outstanding questions between Great Britain and 
 the United States growing out of our relations with Canada. In 
 Sept. 1898, he was appointed a member of the Spanish-American 
 peace commission, at Paris. He was afterwards appointed a 
 member of the permanent court of international arbitration of 
 the Hague, which position he now holds. In 1902, he was ap- 
 pointed chairman of the anthracite coal strike arbitration. Since 
 1899 he has been judge of the third judicial circuit court of the 
 United States; and resides in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 520. Bufnngton, Joseph, judge United States circuit court, was 
 born Sept. 5, 1855, in Kittanning, Pa. In 1875 he graduated from 
 Trinity college of Hartford, Conn. He attained eminence as a 
 successful lawyer of Kittanning, Pa., and has filled various posi- 
 tions of trust and honor. In 1892-1906 he was judge of the 
 United States district court for the western district of Penn- 
 sylvania. Since 1906 he has been judge of the United States 
 circuit court for the third circuit ; and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 521. Goff, Nathan, judge United States circuit court, was 
 born Feb. 9, 1842, in Clarksburg, W. Va. He entered the union 
 army, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of 
 brevet brigadier-general. He was elected a representative in 
 the state legislature in 1867-68 ; and was United States district 
 attorney in 1869-81. In 1881 he became secretary of the navy. 
 He was a member from West Virginia to the forty-eighth, forty- 
 ninth and fiftieth congresses. In 1888-89 he was governor of 
 West Virginia. Since 1892 he has been judge of the fourth 
 judicial circuit court of the United States ; and resides in Clarks- 
 burg, W. Va. 
 
 522. Pritchard, Jeter Connelly, judge United State circuit 
 court, was born July 12, 1857, in Jonesboro, Tenn. He was 
 joint editor and owner of the Roan Mountain Republican until 
 1881. He then removed to Marshall, N. C. ; was a member of 
 the legislature in 1884-94 ; and was the republican candidate for 
 lieutenant-governor in 1888. In 1894 he became prominent in 
 
570 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 the co-operation movement in North Carolina, and the success of 
 that movement resulted in his election in the United States sen- 
 ate to fill a vacancy; and was re-elected for the term of 1897- 
 1903. He has been judge of the fourth judicial circuit court of 
 the United States; and resides in Asheville, N. C. 
 
 523. Pardee, Don A., judge United States circuit court for 
 the fifth circuit was born March 29, 1837, in Wadsworth, Ohio. 
 He received his education in the public schools and the United 
 States naval academy. He served during the civil war as cap- 
 tain, major, lieutenant-colonel and was brevetted brigadier-gen- 
 eral of the United States volunteers for gallant services. He is 
 a noted lawyer of New Orleans, La. ; has been register in bank- 
 ruptcy ; and in 1868 was elected State judge. Since 1881 he has 
 been circuit judge of the fifth judicial circuit of the United States ; 
 and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 524. McCormick, Andrew Phelps, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Dec. 18, 1832, in Brazoria county, Texas. He 
 was judge of probate in Brazoria county, Texas, in 1865 and 
 1866 ; and was a member of the state constitutional conventions 
 of 1866 and 1868 ; and was judge of the circuit court from 1871 
 to 1876. He was state senator from 1876 to 1879. In 1879 he 
 was appointed Uniter 1 ' district judge for the northern dis- 
 trict of Texas, and resigned as senator to enter upon his judi- 
 cial duties. Since 1892 he has been judge of the fifth judicial 
 circuit court of the United States ; and resides in Dallas, Tex. 
 
 525. Shelby, David D., judge United States circuit court, was 
 born Oct. 24, 1847, in Madison county, Ala. In 1882-86 he was 
 a member of the Alabama state senate. Since 1899 he has been 
 judge of the fifth judicial circuit court of the United States ; and 
 resides in Huntsville, Ala. 
 
 526. Lurton, Horace Harmon, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born in 1844 in Kentucky. Since 1893 he has been 
 judge of the sixth judicial circuit court of the United States ; and 
 resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 527. Severens, Henry Franklin, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born May 11, 1835, in Rockingham, Vt. In 1886-90 he 
 was United States judge for the western district of Michigan 
 Since 1900 he has been judge of the sixth judicial court of the 
 United States ; and resides in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 528. Richards, John Kelvey, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born March 15, 1856. in Ironton, Ohio. In 1890-92 he served 
 in the state senate of Ohio ; was attorney-general of that state 
 in 1892-96 ; and since 1897-1903 was solicitor-general of the United 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 571 
 
 States. Since 1903 he has been judge of the sixth judicial circuit 
 court of the United States ; and resides in Ironton, Ohio. 
 
 529. Grosscup, Peter Stenger, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Feb| 15, 1852, in Ashland, Ohio. In 1874-83 he 
 practiced law at Ashland, Ohio ; and was city solicitor for six 
 years. In 1882-92 he practiced law in Chicago, 111. Since 1892 
 he has been United States judge for the northern district of 
 Illinois. Among his notable judicial acts are included his opin- 
 ion upon the application to close up the World's Columbia ex- 
 position on Sundays ; also the injunction issued by him against 
 Eugene V. Debs and other officers of the American railway 
 union. Since 1899 he has been judge of the seventh judicial cir- 
 cuit court of the United States ; and resides in Highland Park, 
 
 111. . . 
 
 530. Baker, Francis E., judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Oct. 20, 1860, in Goshen, Ind. He received the rudi- 
 ments of his education in his native town ; in 1876-78 attended 
 ,the Indiana state university; and in 1882 graduated from the 
 university of Michigan, from which institution he received the 
 degree of B. A. In 1879-82 he was literary editor of the Univer- 
 sity Chronicle. Until 1898 he practiced law in his native state; 
 and was attorney of the Lake Shore and Michigan southern rail- 
 way and other prominent corporations. In 1898-1902 he was 
 judge of the supreme court of Indiana ; and since 1902 has been 
 circuit judge of the United States circuit court for the seventh 
 
 circuit. 
 
 531. Seaman, William Henry, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Nov. 15, 1842, in New Berlin, Wis. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Sheboygan, Wis.; and in 
 1859-61 worked as a printer. During the civil war in 1861-64 he 
 served in the first regiment Wisconsin infantry, United States 
 volunteers. Until 1893 he practiced law in Sheboygan, Wis.; 
 and in 1893-98 was president of the Wisconsin state bar associa- 
 tion. In 1893-1905 he was judge of the United States district 
 court for the eastern district of Wisconsin. Since 1905 he has 
 been circuit judge for the seventh circuit; and resides in She- 
 boygan, Wis. 
 
 532. Kohlsaat, Christian Cecil, judge United States circuit 
 court, was born Jan. 8, 1844, in Edwards county, 111. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Galena, 111. ; attended the uni- 
 versity of Chicago ; and received the degree of LL. D>. from Illin- 
 ois* college. For several years he was a law reporter on the 
 Chicago Evening Journal ; in 1867 was minute clerk in the county 
 court; and was subsequently admitted to the bar. In 1880-90 
 
672 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he was a member of the board of West Park commissioners; 
 president of the Union League club of Chicago in 1896 ; and in 
 1890-99 was probate judge for Cook county, 111. In 1899-1905 he 
 was judge of the United States district court for the northern 
 district of Illinois. Since 1905 he has been judge United States 
 circuit court for the seventh judicial circuit; and resides in 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 533. Sanborn, Walter Henry, judge United States circuit 
 court, for the eighth circuit, was born Oct. 19, 1845, in Epsom, 
 N. H. He graduated from Dartmouth college as valedictorian 
 of his class ; and in 1867-70 was principal of the high school at 
 Milford, N. H. In 1871 he began the practice of law in St. 
 Paul, Minn. ; and in 1878-80 and 1885-92 was a member of the 
 city council. In 1885-92 he was treasurer of the state bar asso- 
 ciation ; and in 1890-91 was president of the St. Paul bar associa- 
 tion, and also of the union league of St. Paul, Minn. Since 1892 
 he has been judge of the United States circuit court of appeals 
 of the eighth circuit; and in 1903 became senior and presiding 
 judge; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 534. Van DeVanter, Willis, judge United State circuit court, 
 was born April 17, 1859, in Marion, Ind. He attended the De 
 Pauw university and the law school of the Cincinnati college. 
 He has attained success in the profession of law at Cheyenne, 
 Wyo. ; has been city attorney ; and a member of the Wyoming 
 territorial legislature, andi commissioner to revise territorial 
 laws. He was chief justice of the supreme court of Wyoming, 
 which office he filled for two terms. He has been chairman of 
 the republican state committee and a member of the republican 
 national committee. Since 1903 he has been judge of the eighth 
 judicial circuit court of the United States ; and resides in Chey- 
 enne, Wyo. 
 
 535. Hook, William Gather, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Sept. 24, 1857, in Waynesburg, Pa. In 1875 he gradu- 
 ated from the high school of Leavenworth, Kan.; and in 1878 
 from St. Louis law school. In 1878-99 he practiced law; and in 
 1899-1903 was judge of the United States district court for the 
 district of Kansas. In 1903 he became judge of the United States 
 circuit court for the eighth judicial circuit; and resides in Leav- 
 enworth, Kan. 
 
 536. Adams, Elmer Bragg, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born Oct. 27, 1852, in Pomfret, Vt. He was educated at 
 Yale college and Harvard law school ; in 1868 removed to Mis- 
 souri, being engaged in general practice of law except from 1879- 
 85, during which time he was one of the circuit judges of St. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 573 
 
 Louis. In 1895-1905 he was judge of the United States district 
 court for the eastern district of Missouri. Since 1905 he has 
 been United States circuit judge for the eighth judicial circuit; 
 and resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 537. Gilbert, William Ball, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born July 4, 1847, in Fairport county, Va. Since 1892 he 
 has been judge of the ninth judicial court of the United States; 
 and resides in Portland, Ore. 
 
 538. Ross, Erskine Mayo, judge United States circuit court, 
 was born June 30, 1845, in Culpeper county Va. In 1865 he 
 graduated from the Virginia military institute; and in 1869 was 
 admitted to the California bar. In 1879-86 he was associate- 
 justice of the state supreme court of California. Since 1895 he 
 has been United States circuit judge for the ninth circuit; and 
 resides in Los Angeles Cal. 
 
 539. Morrow, William W., judge United States circuit court, 
 was born July 15, 1843, near Milton, Ind. He moved with his 
 parents to Illinois in 1845; and to California in 1859. He was 
 appointed United States district judge for the northern district 
 of California by President Harrison in 1891. Since 1897 he has 
 been judge of the ninth judicial circuit court of the United 
 States ; and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 540. Peelle, Stanton J., judge United States court of claims, 
 was born Feb. 11, 1843, in Wayne county, Ind. He entered the 
 union army in 1861, and served three years. He was deputy 
 district attorney of Marion county for two years ; and was a 
 representative in the state legislature in 1877-79. He was a 
 member from Indiana to the forty-seventh and forty-eighth con- 
 gresses as a republican. Since 1892 he has been judge of the 
 United States court of claims; and resides at Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 541. Howry, Charles B., judge United States court of claims, 
 was born May 14, 1845, in Oxford, Miss. He served in the civil 
 war and attained the rank of captain ; in 1880-82 was a member 
 of the state legislature ; was United States district attorney from 
 the northern district of Mississippi in 1885-89; and was assis- 
 tant attorney-general of the United States in 1893-97. Since 
 1897 he has been judge of the United States court of claims ; and 
 resides at Washington, D. C. 
 
 542. Booth, Fenton W., judge United States court of 
 claims. In 1892 he began the practice of law at Marshall, 111. 
 Since 1905 he has been associate justice of the United States 
 court of claims ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 543. Barney, Samuel Stebbins, judge United States court of 
 
574 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 claims, was born Jan. 31, 1846, in Hartford, Wis. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schols and at Lombard university of Gales- 
 burg, 111.; and taught in the high school of Hartford for four 
 years. From 1873 he practiced his profession at West Bend, Wis. 
 He filled the office of superintendent of schools of Washington 
 county in 1876-1880. In 1895-1903 he was a representative from 
 Wisconsin to the fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth and fifty- 
 seventh congresses ; and declined a re-nomination. Since 1905 
 he has been an associate judge of the United States court of 
 claims at Washington, Di C. 
 
 544. Atkinson, George Wesley, judge United States court of 
 claims, was born June 29, 1845, in Virginia, now West Virginia. 
 In 1870 he graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan university ; took 
 a post-graduate course at Mount Union college ; studied law two 
 years ; took the law course at the Columbian university ; he 
 graduated from the law department of the Howard university ; 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1875. He has been eminently 
 successful as a lawyer; and was four years United States 
 marshal for West Virginia. In 1889-91 he was a representa- 
 tive from West Virginia to the fifty-first congress. In 1897- 
 1901 he was governor of West Virginia ; and for four years was 
 United States district attorney for West Virginia. Since 1905 
 he has been associate justice of the United States court of claims 
 at Washington, D. C. He is the author of seven different books, 
 all of which have been popular and had a large sale. He has 
 the manuscript poems for a good size volume, which will be 
 published later in life. Being a classically educated man, all of 
 his public addresses are of a high order. He has received the 
 degrees of B. A.. A. M., Ph. B., Ph. D., LL. B., LL. D. and D. 
 C. L. The latter degree was conferred upon him by the uni- 
 versity of West Virginia, and is the only degree of its grade 
 ever conferred. The only honorary degree ever conferred upon 
 this eminent statesman and jurist was that of Sc. D., which was 
 extended by the United States Grant university and by the 
 university of Nashville ; and all of the other degrees he has re- 
 ceived from work done by him. 
 
 545. Hopkins, Archibald, chief clerk United States court of 
 claims, was born Feb. 20, 1842, in Williamstown, Mass. In 1862- 
 65 he served in the civil war as captain and brevet major, lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of the thirty-seventh regiment Massachusetts vol- 
 unteers. Until 1873 he practiced law in New York city. He 
 has been president of the District of Columbia Society Sons of 
 the Revolution ; President of Williams College Alumni associa- 
 tion ; and in 1907 a member of the West Point visiting board. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 575 
 
 He is the author of The Apostles' Creed. Since 1873 he has 
 been chief clerk of the United States court of claims; and re- 
 sides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 546. Shepard, Seth, chief justice court of appeals District of 
 Columbia, was born April 23, 1847, in Washington county, Tex. 
 He was educated in the Bastrop military institute; and at the 
 Washington and Lee university of Lexington, Va. He began 
 the practice of law in 1868. In 1874-75 he was a member of the 
 Texas state senate. In 1884-92 he was regent of the university 
 of Texas ; and in 1891 was president of the Texas state bar asso- 
 ciation. In 1893-1905 he was associate justice ; and since 1905 has 
 been chief justice of the court of appeals of the District of Col- 
 umbia ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 547. Robb, Charles Henry, associate justice court of appeals, 
 District of Columbia, was born Nov. 14, 1867, in Guilford, Vt. 
 In 1889 he began the practice of law in Bellow Falls, Vt. ; and 
 in 1905-06 was assistant attorney general of the United States. 
 Since 1906 he has been associate justice of the court of appeals 
 District of Columbia; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 548. Van Orsdel, Josiah Alexander, associate justice court of 
 appeals district of Columbia, was born Nov. 17, 1860, in New 
 Bedford, Pa. In 1891 he began the practice of law in Cheyenne, 
 Wyo. ; and in 1894 became a representative in the Wyoming 
 legislature. In 1898-1905 he was attorney-general of Wyoming, 
 and in 1905-06 was associate justice supreme court of Wyoming. 
 Since 1907 he has been an associate justice of the court of ap- 
 peals district of Columbia; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 549. Baker, Daniel W., United States district attorney for 
 district of Columbia. Since 1905 he has been United States dis- 
 trict attorney for the district of Columbia ; and resides in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 550. Palmer, Aulick, United States marshal, District of Col- 
 umbia, was born in 1843, in Washington, D. C. For thirteen 
 years he served as an officer in the United States marine corps ; 
 and for four years was a consul and consul-general to Dresden, 
 Germany. Since 1898 he has been United States marshal for the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 551. Jones, Thomas Goode, judge United States district court 
 for Alabama, was born Nov. 26, 1844, in Macon, Ga. He served 
 as a soldier in the confederate service, and was promoted to aide- 
 de-camp. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar; became editor of 
 the Daily Picayune of Montgomery ; and in 1870-80 was reporter 
 of decisions of the supreme court of Alabama. In 1875-85 he 
 was alderman in the city of Montgomery ; in 1884-87 was mayor 
 
576 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Montgomery, Ala. ; in 1884-87 was a member of the Alabama 
 general assembly; and speaker of the house during his latter 
 term. In 1890-94 he was governor of Alabama. He is the author 
 of Code of Ethics. Since 1901 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for the northern and middle districts of 
 Alabama ; and resides in Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 552. Toulmin, Harry Theophilus, judge United States dis- 
 trict court for Alabama, was born March 4, 1838, in Mobile 
 county, Ala. He entered confederate army as private in 1861 ; 
 and rose through grades to colonel twenty-second Alabama in- 
 fantry. In 1868 he was a democratic presidential elector; and 
 in 1870-72 was a member state legislature. In 1874-82 he was 
 state circuit judge. Since 1887 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for the southern district of Alabama; and 
 resides in Mobile, Ala. 
 
 553. Hundley, Oscar R., judge United States district court 
 for northern district of Alabama, was born Oct. 30, 1855, in 
 Limestone county, Ala. In 1877 he graduated from the Vander- 
 bilt university, and received the degree of LL.B. In 1886-90 he 
 was a member of the Alabama state house of representatives; 
 and in 1890-96 was a member of the state senate, being chairman 
 of the judiciary committee. In 1893 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Harrison the national commissioner to the World's Colum- 
 bian exposition at Chicago, 111. In 1886-90 he was city attorney 
 of Huntville, Ala. In 1896 he was a republican nominee for con- 
 gress. For twenty-three years he was counsel for the Nashville, 
 Chattanooga and St. Louis railroad. In 1904 he was a delegate 
 at large from Alabama to the national republican convention, and 
 was chairman of the delegation. In 1904 he was delegate at 
 large from Alabama to the national republican convention, and 
 was chairman of the delegation. Since 1907 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for the northern district of 
 Alabama. 
 
 554. Gunnison, Royal Arch, judge United States district 
 court for Alaska, was born June 24, 1876, in Binghamton, N. Y. 
 In 1898-1904 he was United States referee in bankruptcy. Since 
 1903 he has been United States district judge for Alaska terri- 
 tory; and resides in Juneau, Alaska. 
 
 555. Moore, Alfred S., judge United States district court for 
 Alaska, was born in Beaver, Pa. He was educated in the public 
 schools ; attended Beaver academy ; and in 1867 graduated from 
 the Washington and Jefferson college of Pennsylvania, from 
 which institution he received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. In 
 1873-76 he practiced law in Butler, Pa.; then returned to Beaver; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 577 
 
 and in 1881-83 was district attorney of Beaver county, Pa. He 
 has been trustee of Beaver college ; director of the First national 
 bank of Beaver ; and for three terms was president of the Beaver 
 county law association. Since 1902 he has been judge of the 
 United States district court for the second district of Alaska 
 territory ; and resides in Nome, Alaska. 
 
 556. Rcid, Silas H., judge United States district court for 
 the third district of Alaska. In 1907 he was a candidate for lieu- 
 tenant-governor of Oklahoma. Since 1907 he has been judge of 
 the United States district court for the district of Alaska; and 
 resides in Fairbanks, Alaska. 
 
 557. Trieber, Jacob, judge United States district court for 
 Arkansas, was born Oct. 6, 1853, in Germany. He was educated 
 in the public and private schools of Germany and St. Louis, Mo. ; 
 and in 1876 was admitted to the bar at Helena, Ark. In 1880, 
 1884, 1888 and 1896 he was a delegate to the national republican 
 conventions; in 188'9 he was republican nominee for United 
 States senator ; and in 1897-1900 was United States attorney for 
 the eastern district of Arkansas. In 1906 he was elected grand 
 master of masons of Arkansas. Since 1900 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for the eastern district of 
 Arkansas; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 558. Rogers, John Henry, judge United States district court 
 for Arkansas, was born Oct. 9, 1845, in Bertie county. N. C. He 
 served in the confederate army in 1862-65; and became first 
 lieutenant. In 1877-82 he was circuit judge. He was a member 
 from Arkansas to the forty-eight, forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty- 
 first congresses as a democrat. Since 1896 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for the western district of 
 Arkansas; and resides in Fort Smith, Ark. 
 
 560. De Haven, John Jefferson, judge United States district 
 court for California, was born March 12, 1845, in St. Joseph, Mo. 
 In 1867 he moved to California, received his education in the com- 
 mon schools of that state, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. 
 In 1867 he was elected district attorney of Humboldt county. 
 He was elected a member of the state assembly in 1869; and 
 was a state senator in 1871-75. For two years he was city 
 attorney for Eureka; was republican candidate for congress in 
 1882- and in 1S84 was elected judge of the superior court of 
 Humboldt countv for a term of six years. In 1888 he was 
 elected to congress; and in 1890-94 was elected associate justice 
 of the supreme court of the State of California. He then resumed 
 the practice of law in San Francisco. Since 1897 he has been 
 
578 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 judge of the United States district court for the northern district 
 of California ; and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 561. Van Fleet, William Cary, judge United States district 
 court for California, was born March 24, 1852, in Maumee City, 
 Ohio. He began the practice of law in 1873 ; and in 1881-82 was 
 a member of the California state legislature. In 1884-92 he was 
 judge of the superior court of California ; and in 1894-99 was an 
 associate justice of the supreme court of California. In 1899- 
 1903 he was a member of the code commission. Since 1907 he 
 has been judge of the United States court for the northern dis- 
 trict of California; and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 562. Wellborn, Olin, judge United States district court for 
 southern district California, was born June 13, 1843, in Cum- 
 ming, Ga. He served in the confederate army throughout the 
 civil war. He moved to Dallas, Tex. He was a member from 
 Texas to the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eight and forty- 
 ninth congresses as a democrat. Since 1895 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for the southern district of 
 California ; and resides in Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 563. Lewis, Robert E., judge United States district court for 
 Colorado, was born April 3, 1857, in Cass county, Mo. In 1882- 
 86 he was prosecuting attorney for Henry county. Mo. In 
 1894 he was republican candidate for congress ; and in 1896 for 
 governor of Missouri. In 1903-06 he was juds:e of the fourth 
 judicial district of Colorado. Since 1906 he has been United 
 States district judge for the district of Colorado ; and resides in 
 Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 
 564. Piatt, James Perry, judge United States district court 
 for Connecticut, was born March 31, 1851. in Towanda, Pa. In 
 1893-1902 was judge of the city court of Meriden. Since 1902 
 he has been judge of the United States district court for Con- 
 necticut : and resides in Hartford, Conn. 
 
 565. Bradford, Edward G., judee United States district rrmrf 
 for Delaware, was born March 12. 1848, in Wilmington, Del. 
 He began the practice of law in 1870. Since 1897 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for Delaware: and 
 resides in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 567. Sheppard. William B.. iudee United States district court 
 for the northern district of Florida Sincp 1905 be ha* hppn 
 United States district attornev. and i= now indge northern dis- 
 trict of Florida: and resides in Pensacola. Fla. 
 
 568. Locke, James W., iudge United States district court for 
 the southern district of Florida, was born Oct. 30. 1837, in 
 Wilmington, Vt. He received a high school and academic 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 579 
 
 education ; and subsequently was engaged in educational work. 
 He then studied law and has attained prominence as one of the 
 foremost lawyers of Florida. During the war he was in the 
 naval service and at its close settled in Key West, F|la. He has 
 been county judge ; has served as a member of the Florida state 
 senate. Since 1872 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the southern district of Florida ; and resides 
 in Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 569. Newman, William Truslow,, judge United States district 
 court for Georgia, was born June 23, 1843 , in Knoxville , Tenn. 
 For twelve years he was actively engaged in the practice of law 
 in Atlanta, Ga. Since 1886 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for the northern district of Georgia ; and 
 resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 570. Speer, Emory, judge United States district court for 
 Georgia, was born Sept. 3, 1848, in Culloden, Ga. In 1873 he 
 was appointed solicitor-general for the western judicial circuit 
 of Georgia, and held the office three years. He was elected a 
 representative from Georgia to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh 
 congresses. Since 1885 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the southern district of Georgia; and resides 
 in Macon. Ga. 
 
 571. Dole, Sanford Ballard, judge of the United States 
 district court for Hawaii, was born April 23, 1844, in Hawaiian 
 Islands. He engaged in practice of laAv in Honolulu ; in 1884 
 and 1886 he was a member of the legislature; a leader in reform 
 movement in 1887; and judgfe of the supreme court in 1887-93. 
 He was placed at the head of provisional o-overnment in 1893 ; 
 became president by provision of constitution of 1894 that he 
 should hold office until 1901. In 1901-03 be was eovernor of 
 Hawaii. Since 1903 he has been judee of the United State" 
 district court for Hawaii ; his present term ending in 1915 ; 
 and resides in Honolulu. Hawaii. 
 
 572. Dietrick, Frank Sisyel, iudsre United 1 States district court 
 for Idaho, was born Jan. 23, 1863. in Ottawa, Kan. In 1887-91 
 he was an instructor of history at the Ottawa nniversitv. Tn 
 1891-1907 he was a practicing attorney. Since 1907 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the district of 
 Idaho. 
 
 573. Bethea, Solomon Hicks, judge United States district 
 court for northern district of Illinois, was born May 20. 1852. in 
 Lee county, 111. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the school of Dixon, 111. ; and in 1872 graduated from the uni- 
 versity of Michigan. He has been mayor of Dixon ; master-in- 
 
580 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 chancery; and United States attorney for the northern district 
 of Illinois. He is now judge of the United States district court 
 for the northern district of Illinois ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 574. Landis, Kenesaw M., judge United States district court 
 for Illinois. Since 1905 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the northern district of Illinois ; and resides 
 in Chicago, 111. 
 
 575. Wright, Francis Marion, judge United States district 
 court for the eastern district of Illinois, was born Aug. 5, 1844, 
 in Brier Ridge, Ohio. He served throughout the civil war. In 
 1867 he began the practice of law in Georgetown, Ohio ; and in 
 1868-91 practiced his profession in Urbana, 111. In 1891-97 he 
 was judge of the fourth judicial circuit of Illinois ; in 1897-1903 
 was judge of the appelate court of Illinois ; and in 1903-05 was 
 judge of the United States court of claim at Washington, D. C. 
 Since 1905 he has been judge of the United States district court 
 for the eastern district of Illinois ; and resides in Urbana, 111. 
 
 576. Humphrey, J. Otis, judge United States district court 
 for Illinois, was born Dec. 30, 1859, in Morgan county, 111. He 
 was educated in the public schools and at Shurtleff college of 
 Alton, 111. For two years he taught school ; and in 1880 was 
 admitted to the bar. In 1880-83 he was legal clerk in the office 
 of the railroad and warehouse commissioners of Illinois. In 
 1884 he was presidential elector; and in 1896 was a delegate to 
 the national republican convention. In 1897-1901 he was United 
 States district attornev for the southern district of Illinois. 
 Since 1901 he has been United States district judsre for the 
 southern district of Illinois ; and resides in Springfield, 111. 
 
 577. Anderson, Albert Barnes, judee United States district 
 court for Indiana, was born Feb. 10, 1857, near Zionsville, Ind. 
 In 1879 he graduated from Wabash College with the degree of 
 A. M. In 1881 he began the practice of law in Crawfordsville, 
 Ind. ; and in 1886-90 was prosecuting attornev of Montsfomerv 
 county, Ind. Since 1902 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the district of Indiana ; and resides in Indiana- 
 polis, Ind. 
 
 578. Reed. Henrv Thomas, judge United States district court 
 for Iowa. He is a member of the American bar association. 
 Since 1904 he has been judere of the United States district court 
 for the northern district of Iowa; and resides in Cresco, Iowa. 
 
 579. McPherson, Smith, judge United States district court 
 for Iowa, was born Feb. 14. 1848, in Morgan county, Ind. He 
 received the rudiments of his education in the public schools 
 of his native state ; attended the academy of Mooresville, Ind. ; 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 581 
 
 and graduated from the Iowa state university. In 1874-80 he 
 was state district attorney for the third district of Iowa; and 
 in 1881-85 was attorney-general of Iowa ; and was a member of 
 several important committees. Since 1900 he has been United 
 States district judge for the southern district of Iowa; and 
 resides in Red Oak, Iowa. 
 
 580. Pollock, John C, judge United States district court for 
 Kansas, was born Nov. 5, 1859, in Belmont county, Ohio. In 
 1888-1901 he practiced law in Winfield, Kan.; and in 1901-03 
 was associate-justice of the supreme court of Kansas. Since 
 1903 he has been judge of the United States district court for 
 Kansas ; and resides in Kansas City, Kan. 
 
 581. Cochran, A. M. J., judge United States district court for 
 Kentucky. Since 1901 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the eastern district of Kentucky ; and resides 
 in Maysville, Ky. 
 
 582. Evans, Walter, judge United States district court for 
 Kentucky, was born Sept. 18, 1842, in Barren county, Ky. He 
 entered the union army in 1861 and served throughout the civil 
 war. After the close of the war he was engaged in the practice 
 of law at Hopkinsville, Ky. ; and was a delegate to the republican 
 national conventions of 1868, 1872 and 1880. In 1871 he was 
 elected a representative in the state legislature ; and in 1872 was 
 elected a state senator. He removed to Louisville ; and in 1883 
 was appointed commissioner of internal revenue in the treasury 
 department at Washington. He was a member of the fifty- 
 fourth and fifty-fifth congresses as a republican. Since 1899 he 
 has been judge of the United States district court for the 
 western district of Kentucky ; and resides in Louisville, Ky. 
 
 583. Saunders, Eugene Davis, judge United States district 
 court for the eastern district of Louisiana, was born July 25, 
 1853, in Campbell county, Va. In 1869-74 he attended the uni- 
 versity of Virginia ; and in 1874 graduated from the law depart- 
 men of that institution. He was professor of common law and 
 equity at the Tulane university. He is the author of Saunders 
 on Taxation ; and other works. Since 1907 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for the eastern court of 
 Louisiana ; and resides in New Orleans, La. 
 
 584. Boardman, Aleck, judge United States district court for 
 Louisiana, was born Dec. 10. 1839, in Yazoo City. Miss. He was 
 educated in the Kentucky military college. He served through- 
 out the war as an officer in the conferederate armv from Man- 
 assas to Appomatox. He began to practice law in 1866 ; and 
 settled in Louisiana. He was a representative from Louisiana 
 
582 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 to the forty-second congress to fill a vacancy ; and was judge 
 of the state district court for one term. Since 1881 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the western district 
 of Louisiana for life term ; and resides in Shreveport, La. 
 
 585. Hale, Clarence, judge United States district court for 
 Maine, was born in 1818 in Maine. He received the rudiments of 
 his education in the public schools ; attended Norway academy ; 
 and in 1869 graduated from Bowdoin college. Since 1871 he has 
 practiced law in Portland, Me. In 1879-82 he was city solicitor; 
 and in 1883-86 was a representative in the state legislature. He 
 was counsel for the New England Telephone company ; and a 
 director and trustee with the management of some of the largest 
 enterprises in Portland, Maine. For many years he was a mem- 
 ber of the Portland board of trade ; prominent on the school 
 board of that city; and active in its municipal government. Since 
 1902 he has been United States district judge for the state of 
 Maine ; and resides in Portland, Maine. 
 
 586. Morris, Thomas J., judge United States district court 
 for Maryland, was born Sept. 24, 1837, in Baltimore, Md. In 
 1856 he graduated from Harvard college. Since 1879 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court of Maryland; and 
 resides in Baltimore, Md. 
 
 587. Dodge, Frederick, judge United States district court for 
 Massachusetts. In 1905 he became United States district judge 
 for Massachusetts ; and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 588. Swan, Henry Harrison, judge United States district 
 court for Michigan, was born Oct. 2, 1840, in Detroit, Mich. He 
 was educated in the public schools and the university of Michi- 
 gan, from which institution he received the degree of LL. D. He 
 practiced law until 1891 in Detroit, Mich. ; and has filled various 
 positions of trust and honor. Since 1891 he has been judge of 
 the United States district court for the eastern district of 
 Michigan ; and resides in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 589. Knappen, Loyal Edwin, judge United States district 
 court for the western district of Michigan, was born Jan. 27, 
 1854, in Hastings, Mich. In 1875 he began the practice of law; 
 in 1879-83 was prosecuting attorney for Barry county, Mich.; 
 and in 1883-88 was United States commissioner. Since 1906 he 
 has been United States district judge for the western district 
 of Michigan ; and resides in Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 590. Purdy, Milton Dwight, judge United States district 
 court for Minnesota, was born Nov. 3, 1866, in Mogadore, Ohio. 
 In 1892-97 he was assistant city attorney of Minneapolis, Minn. ; 
 and in 1901-02 was United States attorney for Minnesota. Since 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 58b 
 
 1909 he has been judge of the United States district court; and 
 resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 591. Morris, Page, judge United States district court for Min- 
 nesota, was born June 30, 1853, in Lynchburg, Va. In 1873 he 
 was appointed professor of mathematics in the Texas military 
 institute, and removed to Austin, Tex. ; and in 1876 was elected 
 professor of applied mathematics in the agricultural and mechan- 
 ical college of Texas, located near Bryan, in that state, where 
 he remained for three years. In 1889 he was elected municipal 
 judge of the city of Duluth ; in 1894 was elected by the city 
 council of Duluth city attorney; and in 1895 was appointed by 
 the governor district judge of the eleventh judicial district of 
 Minnesota. He was a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth and 
 fifty-seventh congreses as a republican. Since 1903 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for Minnesota; and 
 resides in Duluth, Minn. 
 
 592. Niles, Henry Clay, judge United States district court for 
 Mississippi, was born Oct. 21, 1850, in Kosciusko, Miss. In 1878 
 and in 1886 he served as a member of the Mississippi state legis- 
 lature ; and in 1880 was a delegate to the national republican 
 convention. He was United States district attorney for the 
 northern district of Mississippi in 1890-91. Since 1892 he has 
 been judge of the United States district court for the northern 
 and southern Mississippi ; and resides in Kosciusko, Miss. 
 
 593. Dyer, David Patterson, judge United States district 
 court for eastern district of Missouri, was born Feb. 12, 1838, 
 in Henry county, Va. He received the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion in the public schools ; and graduated from St. Charles col- 
 lege. He moved to Missouri, and was elected a district prosecut- 
 ing attorney in 1860 ; and was elected to the state legislature in 
 1862 and 1865. He had command of the forty-ninth Missouri 
 volunteers during a part of the cival war. He was elected sec- 
 retary of the state senate in 1866 ; was a delegate to the Chicago 
 convention of 1868 ; and was elected a representative from 
 Missouri to the forty-first congress. He is United States district 
 attorney for the eastern district c f Missouri ; and resides in St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 594. Philips, John F., judge United States district court for 
 the western district of Missouri, was born Dec. 31, 1843, in 
 Boone county, Mo. He served the government as colonel of a 
 regiment of cavalry throughout the civil war; a part of the time 
 was brigadier-commander; and was promoted to brigadier- 
 general. He was a member from Missouri to the forty-fourth 
 congress, and was elected to the forty-sixth congress to fill a 
 
584 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 vacancy. Since 1888 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the western district of Missouri; and resides 
 in Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 595. Hunt, William Henry, judge United States district court 
 for Montana, was born Nov. 5, 1857, in New Orleans, La. In 
 1885-87 he was attorney-general of Montana; and in 1889-94 
 was judge of the district court. In 1894-1900 he was justice of 
 the supreme court of Montana; in 1900-01 was secretary of 
 Porto Rico; and in 1901-04 was governor of Porto Rico. Since 
 1904 he has been judge of the United States district court for 
 Montana; and resides in Helena, Mont. 
 
 596. Munger, William Henry, judge United States district 
 court for Nebraska, was born Oct. 12, 1845, in Bergen, N. Y. In 
 1875 he was a member of the constitutional convention of Ne- 
 braska. Since 1897 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court of Nebraska ; and resides in Omaha, Neb. 
 
 597. Munger, T. C, judge United States district court for 
 Nebraska. Since 1909 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for Nebraska; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 598. Farrington, Edward Silsby, judge United States district 
 court for Nevada, was born Sept. 6, 1856, in Eureka, Cal. He 
 began the practice of law in 1887 in Nevada ; and in 1900 and 
 1902 he was the republican nominee for congress. Since 1907 
 he has been judge of the United States district court for the 
 district of Nevada ; and resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 599. Aldrich, Edgar, judge United States district court for 
 New Hampshire, was born in 1848 in Pittsburg, N. H. In 1885 
 he was a representative in the New Hampshire legislature and 
 speaker of the house. Since 1891 he has been judge of the 
 United States district court for New Hampshire ; and resides in 
 Littleton, N. H. 
 
 600. Lanning, William M., judge United States district court 
 for New Jersey. Since 1904 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for New Jersey ; and resides in Trenton, 
 N.J. 
 
 601. Cross, Joseph, United States district judge for New 
 Jersey, was born Dec. 29, 1843, in Morristown, N. J. He attended 
 the Pearl cottage seminary at Elizabeth, N. J. He practiced 
 law and was district judge of the city of Elizabeth, N. J. He 
 has been a member of both houses of the New Jersey state legis- 
 lature; and was speaker of the assembly and president of the 
 senate. Since 1905 he has been a United States district judge 
 for New Jersey ; and resides in Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 602. Mills, William Joseph, judge United States district court 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 585 
 
 for New Mexico, was born Jan. 11, 1849, in Yazoo City, Miss. 
 In 1877 he graduated from Yale law school ; and practiced law 
 until 1898. He has been a representative in the Connecticut 
 state legislature and served as a member of the state senate. 
 Since 1898 he has been chief justice of the state supreme court 
 of New Mexico ; and resides in Las Vegas, N. M. 
 
 603. Ray, George Washington, judge United States district 
 court for the northern district of New York, was born Feb. 3, 
 1844, in Chenango county, N. Y. He served in the union army 
 during the civil war as a private and brigade clerk. Since 1867 
 he has practiced law ; and in 1883-85 and 1891-1903 was a mem- 
 ber of congress. Since 1902 he has been judge of the United 
 States district court for the northern district of New York ; and 
 resides in Norwich, N. Y. 
 
 604. Adams, George Bethune, judge United States district 
 court for New York, was born April 3, 1845, in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 In 1861 he served in the civil war with the three months' volun- 
 teers ; went to the front at the time of Lee's invasion of Penn- 
 sylvania; and after his discharge he served in the quarter- 
 master's department until 1871. In 1878-83 he practiced law in 
 Philadelphia ; and after that in New York City, becoming 
 especially prominent in admiralty cases. Since 1901 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the southern dis- 
 trict of New York; and resides in New York City. 
 
 605. Holt, George Chandler, judge United States district 
 court for New York, was born Dec. 31, 1843, in Mexico, N. Y. 
 In 1866 he graduated from Yale university ; and in 1869 from 
 Columbia law school. In 1869-98 he practiced law in New York 
 city; and in 1898-1903 was referee in bankruptcy. Since 1903 he 
 has been judge of the United States district court for the 
 southern district of New York ; and resides in New York city. 
 
 606. Hough, Charles M., judge United States court for New 
 York. Since 1906 he has been judge of the United States district 
 court of the eastern district of New York ; and resides in New 
 York city. 
 
 607. Chatfield, Thomas J., judge United States district court 
 for the eastern district of New York ; and resides in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. 
 
 608. Hazel, John Raymond, United States district judge for 
 the western district of New York, was born Dec. 18, 1860, in 
 Buffalo, N. Y. He was educated in the public and private schools 
 of Buffalo, N. Y. ; and in 1882 he began the practice of law. He 
 administered the constitutional oath of office to President Roose- 
 velt at Buffalo in 1901, immediately after the death of President 
 
586 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 .icKinley. Since 1900 he has been judge of the United States 
 d;strict court for the western district of New York; and resides 
 in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 609. Purnell, Thomas R., judge United States district court 
 for North Carolina, was born 1847 in Wilmington, N. C. He 
 entered the confederate army at sixteen years of age; and sur- 
 rendered and paroled at Greensboro in 1865. He has served in 
 both branches of the North Carolina legislature. Since 1897 he 
 has been judge of the United States district court for the eastern 
 district of North Carolina; and resides in Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 610. Boyd, James E., judge United States district court for 
 the North Carolina, was born Feb. 14, 1845, in Alamance county, 
 N. C. In 1861-65 he served in the confederate army as a private 
 soldier ; first in the thirteenth regiment North Carolina infantry ; 
 and toward the end of the war in the first regiment of the North 
 Carolina cavalry ; surrendering with Lee's army at Appomattox 
 Court House, Va. He was educated at Graham academy and 
 Davidson college of North Carolina; and in 1868 was admitted 
 to the bar. In 1874-75 he was a representative in the North 
 Carolina state constitutional convention. In 1880-85 he was 
 United States attorney for the western district of North Caro- 
 lina ; in 1885-97 practiced law in Greensboro, N. C. ; and in 1897- 
 1900 was assistant attorney-general of the United States. Since 
 1900 he has been district judge of the United States for the 
 western district of North Carolina; and resides in Greensboro, 
 N. C. 
 
 611. Amidon, Charles Fremont, judge United States district 
 court for North Dakota, was born Aug. 17, 1856, in Clymer, N. Y. 
 In 1893 he was a member of the commission to revise codes and 
 statutes of North Dakota. Since 1896 he has been judge of the 
 United States district court for North Dakota; and resides in 
 Fargo, N". D. 
 
 612. Taylor, Robert W., judge United States district court 
 for Ohio. Since 1895 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the northern district of Ohio; and resides in 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 613. Thompson, Albert Clifton, judge United States district 
 court for Ohio, was born Jan. 23, 1842, in Brookville, Pa. He 
 served in the union army, rising from the rank of sergeant to 
 that of captain. In 1865 he moved to Portsmouth, Ohio; was 
 probate judge of Scioto county in 1869-72; and in 1882 was 
 elected judge of the common pleas for the second sub-division of 
 seventh judicial district of Ohio. He was a member from Ohio 
 to the forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first congresses as a repub- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 587 
 
 lican. Since 1898 he has been judge of the United States district 
 court for the southern district of Ohio ; and resides in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. 
 
 614. Sater, John Elbert, judge United States district court 
 for the southern district of Ohio, was born Jan. 16, 1854, in 
 Hamilton, Ohio. In 1884 he began the practice of law ; and for 
 five years was president of the board of education of Columbus, 
 Ohio. Since 1907 he has been judge of the United States district 
 court for the southern district of Ohio ; and resides in Columbus, 
 Ohio. 
 
 615. Campbell, Ralph E., judge United States district court 
 for eastern district of Oklahoma ; and resides in Muskogee, 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 616. Cotteral, John H., judge United States district court for 
 the western district of Oklahoma ; and resides in Guthrie, Okla. 
 
 617. Wolverton, Charles Edwin, judge United States district 
 court for Oregon, was born May 16, 1851, in Des Moines county, 
 Iowa. He graduated from the law department of the university 
 of Kentucky. In 1892 he was delegate-at-large from Oregon to 
 the republican national convention. In 1894-1905 he was justice, 
 and in 1898-1900 chief justice of the state supreme court of 
 Oregon. Since 1905 he has been judge of the United States dis- 
 trict court for Oregon ; and resides in Portland, Ore. 
 
 618. Holland, James B., judge United States court of Penn- 
 sylvania, was born Nov. 14, 1858, in Montgomery county, Pa. 
 He taught school in Virginia and Pennsylvania ; and in 1882-88 
 was clerk to the county commissioners of Montgomery county, 
 Pa. In 1887-93 he was solicitor for the county commissioners ; 
 and in 1893-95 was district attorney of Montgomery county, Pa. 
 In 1898-99 he was a naval officer at Philadelphia ; and in 1900-04 
 was United States district attorney for the eastern district of 
 Pennsylvania. Since 1904 he has been judge of the United States 
 district court for the eastern district of Pennsylvania ; and resides 
 in Conshohocken, Pa. 
 
 619. McPherson, John Bayard, judge United States district 
 for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, was born Nov. 5, 1846, 
 in Harrisburg, Pa. In 1882-99 he was common pleas judge. Since 
 1899 he has been judge of the United States district court for 
 the eastern district of Pennsylvania ; and resides in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. 
 
 620. Archbald, Robert Wodrow, United States district judge 
 for the middle district of Pennsylvania, was born Sept. 10, 1848, 
 in Carbondale,, Pa. He graduated from Flushing institute, Yale 
 college, in 1871 ; and in 1884 was elected additional law judge 
 
588 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of the forty-fifth judicial district of Pennsylvania, then became 
 presiding judge of the said district, receiving the re-election in 
 1894 for another ten years. Since 1901 he has been judge of the 
 United States district court for the middle district of Pennsyl- 
 vania, being the first incumbent of the office; and resides in 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 621. Young, James S., judge United States district court for 
 the western district for Pennsylvania; and resides in Pittsburg, 
 Pa. 
 
 622. Quinones, Jose Severs, judge United States district court 
 for Porto Rico, was born in 1839 in San Juan, Porto Rico. He 
 was president of the former supreme court of Porto Rico under 
 the United States military govenrment. Since 1900 he has been 
 chief justice of the state supreme court of Porto Rico; and 
 resides in San Juan, P. R. 
 
 623. Brown, Arthur Lewis, judge United States district court 
 for Rhode Island, was born Nov. 28, 1854, in Providence, R. I. 
 Since 1896 he has been judge United States district court for 
 Rhode Island; and resides in Providence, R. I. 
 
 624. Brawley, William H., judge United States district court 
 from South Carolina, was born May 13, 1841, in Chester, S. C. 
 He served in the confederate army, and was solicitor of the sixth 
 judicial circiuit. He served in the legislature of South Carolina. 
 He was a member of the fifty-second congress as a democrat; 
 was elected to the fifty-third congress and served until February, 
 1894, when he was appointed United States judge for South 
 Carolina by President Cleveland. Since 1894 he has been judge 
 of the United States district court for South Carolina; and 
 resides in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 625. Carland, John Emmett, judge United States district court 
 for South Dakota, was born Dec. 11, 1853, in Oswego countv, 
 N. Y. In 1885 he was appointed United States attorney for Da- 
 kota territory. In 1888 he became justice of the supreme court 
 of Dakota territory; and since 1896 has been United States dis- 
 trict judge for the district of South Dakota. 
 
 626. Sanford, Edward Terry, judge United States district 
 court for the middle and eastern districts of Tennessee, was 
 born July 23, 1865, in Knoxville, Tenn. In 1889 he began the 
 practice of law; and in 1898-1907 was lecturer in the law de- 
 partment of the university of Tennessee. In 1907-09 he was 
 assistant attorney-general of the United States. Since 1909 he 
 has been judge of the United States district court for the middle 
 and easern districts of Tennessee; and resides in Knoxville, 
 Tenn. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 589 
 
 627. McCall, John Etheridge, judge United States district 
 court for Tennessee, was born Aug. 24, 1859, in Clarksburg, 
 Tenn. In 1887-91 he was a representative in the Tennessee 
 state legislature; and in 1895-97 was a member of congress. 
 Since 1905 he has been judge of the United States district court 
 for the western district of Tennessee ; and resides in Memphis, 
 Tenn. 
 
 628. Bryant, David E., judge United States district for Texas, 
 was born Oct. 19, 1849, in LaRue county, Ky. In 1873-90 he 
 practiced law in Grayson county, Tex. Since 1890 he has been 
 judge of the district court for the eastern district of Texas; and 
 resides in Sherman, Tex. 
 
 629. Maxey. Thomas S., judge United States district court 
 for the western district of Texas, was born Sept. 1, 1846, in 
 Brandon, Miss. He served in the confederate army for one year. 
 In 1870 he was a member of the Mississippi state legislature; 
 and from 1870 practiced law in Texas. Since 1888 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the western district 
 of Texas ; and resides in Austin, Texas. 
 
 630. Meek, Edward Roscoe, judge United States district 
 court for Texas, was born Dec. 23, 1865, in Davenport, Iowa. 
 In 1887 and 1889 he graduated with the degree of A. B. and 
 LL. B. from the state university of Iowa. In 1891 he became 
 general attornev for the Fort Worth and Denver city railway. 
 Since 1898 he has been judge of the United States district court 
 for the Northern district of Texas ; and resides in Dallas, Texas. 
 
 631. Burns, Walter T.. judge United States district court for 
 Texas. He is judge of the United States district court for the 
 southern district of Texas ; and resides in Houston, Texas. 
 
 632. Marshall, John Augustine, judge United States district 
 court for Utah, was born Sept. 5, 1854, in Fauquier county, 
 Va. He was educated at the Shenandoah Valley academy ; and 
 graduated from the university of Virginia. In 1878 he began 
 the practice of law in Salt Lake City, Utah; in 1888-89 was 
 probate judge for Salt Lake county, Utah ; and in 1892 was a 
 representative in the Utah state legislature. Since 1896 he has 
 been jud-ge of the United States district court for the district of 
 LTtah : and resides in Salt Lake City. Utah. 
 
 633. Martin, James L., judge United States district court for 
 Vermont, was born Sept. 13. 1846, in Landgrove, Vt. In 1874- 
 76 he was states attorney. In 1878-84 he was a representative 
 in the Vermont state legislature and was speaker of the house. 
 Since 1898 he has been United States district attorney for Ver- 
 mont ; and resides in Brattleboro, Vt. 
 
590 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 634. Waddill, Edmund, judge United States district court for 
 Virginia, was born May 22, 1855, in Charles City county, Va. In 
 1880 he was elected by the legislature of Virginia judge of the 
 county court of Hendico, and resigned this office in 1883 to accept 
 the office of United States attorney for the eastern district of 
 Virginia, which position he filled till 1885. He was elected in the 
 latter year to the legislature, in which body he served till he 
 resigned to take his seat in the fifty-first congress. Since 1898 
 he has been judge of the United States district court for the 
 eastern district of Virginia ; and resides in Richmond, Va. 
 
 635. McDowell, Henry Clay, judge United States district 
 court for Virginia, was born Aug. 24, 1861, in Louisville, Ky. 
 In 1884 he graduated from Yale university ; and in 1885 from 
 the law department of the university of Virginia. In 1885 he was 
 admitted to the Virginia bar. Since 1901 he has been judge of 
 the United States district court for the western district of Vir- 
 ginia ; and resides in Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 636. Hanford, Cornelius Holgate, judge United States district 
 court for Washington, was born April 21, 1849, in Van Buren 
 county, Iowa. He is one of the foremost lawyers of the west, 
 and prominent in the public affairs of Washington territory. He 
 has served as city attorney of Seattle ; was a member of the 
 council of Washington territory ; and served with distinction as 
 chief justice of Washington territory. Since 1890 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the district of Wash- 
 ington ; and resides in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 637. Whitson, Edward, judge United States district court for 
 Washington. He is United States district judge for the eastern 
 district of Washington; and resides in Spokane, Wash. 
 
 638. Dayton, Alston Gordon, judge United States district 
 court for West Virginia, was born Oct. 18, 1857, in Philippi, W. 
 Va. In 1878 he graduated from the university of West Virginia. 
 In 1879 he was appointed to fill out an unexpired term as prose- 
 cuting attorney of Upshur county, W. Va., and was elected and 
 served as prosecuting attorney of Barbour county for a four- 
 years' term in 1884-88. He was a member of the fifty-fourth, 
 fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses 
 as a republican ; and was re-elected to the fifty-ninth congress, 
 but resigned in March. 1905, to accept the position of United 
 States district judge. He is now United States district judge 
 for the northern district of West Virginia, and resides in 
 Philippi, W. Va. 
 
 639. Keller, Benjamin Franklin, judge United States district 
 court for the southern district West Virginia, was born April 21, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 591 
 
 1857, in Boalsburg, Pa. In 1876 he graduated with the degree 
 of M. S. from the Pennsylvania state college ; and in 1852 gradu- 
 ated from the law school of Columbian university. He received 
 the degree of LL. D. from George Washington university. In 
 1882-1901 he was in the active practice of law. Since 1901 he has 
 been judge of the United States district court for the southern 
 district of West Virginia; and resides in Bramwell, W. Va. 
 
 640. Quarles, Joseph Very, judge United States district court 
 for Wisconsin, was born Dec. 16, 1843, in Kenosha, Wis. Dur- 
 ing the civil war he attained the rank of first lieutenant in com- 
 pany C, thirty-ninth regiment Wisconsin infantry. He has been 
 a representative in the Wisconsin state legislature ; and a mem- 
 ber of the state senate. In 1899-1905 he was a United States 
 senator from Wisconsin. Since 1905 he has been judge of the 
 United States district court for the eastern district of Wiscon- 
 sin ; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 641. Sanborn, Arthur Loomis, judge United States district 
 court for Wisconsin, was born Nov. 17, 1850, in Brasher Falls, 
 N. Y. In 1880-1905 he practiced law. Since 1905 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the western district 
 of Wisconsin ; and resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 642. Riner, John A., judge United States district court for 
 Wyoming, was born in 1850 in Preble county, Ohio. In 1879 he 
 graduated from the university of Michigan. In 1881 he was city 
 attorney of Cheyenne, Wyo. ; and in 1884 was United States 
 district attorney for Wyoming territory. In 1886 he was a 
 member of the upper house of the Wyoming territorial legis- 
 lature ; and in 1890 was elected a member of the Wyoming state 
 senate, but resigned to become judge. Since 1890 he has been 
 judge of the United States district court for the district of 
 Wyoming; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 651. Dowdell, James Render, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Alabama, soldier, lawyer, jurist, was born April 2, 1847, 
 in La Fayette, Ala. He was educated in the common schools 
 of Lafayette and Auburn, Ala. In 1864-65 he attended the uni- 
 versity of Alabama ; and in 1867 he graduated from the college 
 at Auburn with the degree of A. B. and A. M. In 1964-65 he 
 served in the civil war as a cadet in the confederate states arm''. 
 In 1870 he began the practice of law in La Fayette. Ala. In 
 1876-80 he was circuit solicitor of the ninth judicial circuit; and 
 for four years judge of the fifth judicial circuit. In 1896-98 he 
 was chancellor of the northeastern division. Since 1898 he has 
 been an associate justice of the supreme court of Alabama ; and 
 .resides in La Fayette, Ala. 
 
592 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 652. Sayre, A. D., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Alabama ; and resides in Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 653. Evans, A. A., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Alabama ; and resides in Clayton, Ala. 
 
 654. Anderson, John Crawford, associate-justice state su- 
 preme court of Alabama, was born Aug. 5, 1853, in Greene 
 county, Ala. In 1885-95 he practiced law in Demopolis ; and in 
 1895-1904 was circuit judge of the first judicial circuit of Ala- 
 bama. He is associate-justice of the state of Alabama for the 
 term of 1904-10; and resides in Demopolis, Ala. 
 
 655. Simpson, Robert Tennent, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of Alabama, was born June 5, 1837, in Florence, Ala. He 
 served throughout the civil war in the confederate army. In 
 1865-1903 he practiced law. Since 1903 he has been an associate- 
 justice of the state supreme court of Alabama; and resides in 
 Florence, Ala. 
 
 656. Mayfield, J. J., associate-justice state supreme court of 
 Alabama ; and resides in Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
 
 657. McClellan, Thomas C, associate-justice state supreme 
 eourt of Alabama; and resides in Athens, Ala. 
 
 658. Kent, Edward, associate-justice supreme court of Ari- 
 zona, was born Aug. 8, 1862, in Lynn, Mass. ; and is a son of 
 Edward Kent, governor of Maine in 1838-40. In 1879 he grad- 
 uated from Adams academy of Quincy, Mass; in 1883 he grad- 
 uated from Harvard university; and in 1887 graduated from 
 Columbia law school. He began the practice of law in 1887 in 
 New York City ; and in 1896 removed to Denver, Colo. In 1900 
 he was a candidate for the Colorado state legislature; and in 
 1901-02 was assistant United States attorney for Colorado. Since 
 1902 he has been chief justice of the supreme court of Arizona, 
 and resides in Phoenix. 
 
 659. Lewis, Ernest W., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Arizona, was born Dec. 27, 1875, in Indiana, Pa. He was 
 educated in the university of Minnesota ;and graduated from 
 the law department of that institution of learning. He attained 
 success in the practice of law; and became reporter of the su- 
 preme court of Arizona for the term of 1909-13 ; and resides in 
 Globe, Ariz. 
 
 660. TJoan, Fletcher Morris, associate-justice supreme court 
 of Arizona, was born July 21, 1846, in Circleville, Ohio. In 1876 
 he graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan university, which institu- 
 tion subsequently conferred upon him the degree of A. M. In 
 1868 he graduated from the Albany law school ; was admitted to 
 the bar by the New York supreme court ; in 1869 by the Missouri 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 593 
 
 supreme court; and in 1895 by the supreme court of Arizona. 
 In 1894-96 he was district attorney for Pinal county, Arizona. 
 Since 1897 he has been associate justice of the supreme court and 
 judge of the second judicial district of Arizona; and resides in 
 Tombstone, Arizona. 
 
 661. Doe, Edward M., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Arizona; and resides in Prescott, Ariz. 
 
 662. Campbell, John H., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Arizona. Since 1900 he has been an associate-justice of the 
 state supreme court of Arizona ; and resides in Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
 663. Frauenthal, Samuel, associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Arkansas; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 664. Battle, Burrill Bunn, associate- justice state supreme 
 court of Arkansas, was born July 24, 1838, in Hinds county, Miss. 
 In 1885 he was elected to fill a vacancy upon the supreme bench 
 of the state, and in 1886 was re-elected to the same position for 
 the full term of eight years. He has been a member of the 
 Arkansas state assembly. Since 1894 he has been associate- 
 justice of the state supreme court of Arkansas, and is now 
 serving the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 665. McCulloch, Edgar Allen, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Arkansas, was born Aug. 1, 1861, in Trenton, Tenn. In 
 1883-1904 he practiced law in Mariana, Ark. He is associate- 
 justice of the state supreme court of Arkansas for the term of 
 1904-12 ; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 666. Wood, Carroll David, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of Arkansas, was born July 8, 1857. He has been state 
 superintendent public instruction of Arkansas. In 1882-86 he 
 was district attorney ; and in 1886-93 he was circuit judge. Since 
 1893 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Arkansas, and is now serving the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides 
 in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 667. Hart, Jesse C, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 Arkansas ; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 668. Beatty, William Henry, chief justice state supreme court 
 of California, was born Feb. 18, 1838, in Lucas county, Ohio. In 
 1843-55 he studied in the public schools of Kentuckv and Cali- 
 fornia ; and in 1856-58 attended the University of Virginia. In 
 1863 he moved from California to Nevada ; and in 1864-74 was 
 district judge in Nevada, and in 1879-80 was chief justice. He 
 then practiced law in Sacramento, Cal. Since 1899 he has been 
 chief justice of the state supreme court of California, his present 
 term ending in 1915 ; and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 669. Angellotti, Frank M., associate-justice state supreme 
 
594 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 court of California. He practiced law in San Rafael, Cal. Since 
 1902 he has been associate-justice of the state supreme court of 
 California for the term of 1902-10; and resides in Sacramento, 
 Cal. 
 
 670. Henshaw, Frederick W., associate-justice state supreme 
 court of California. He is associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of California for the term of 1900-10 ; and resides in Sacra- 
 mento, Cal. 
 
 671. McFarland, Thomas Bard, associate-justice supreme 
 court of California, was born April 19, 1828, in Mercersburg, Pa. 
 He graduated from Marshal college of Mercersburg, Pa. ; and in 
 1849 began the practice of law. In 1862-70 he was district judge 
 for Nevada and Placer counties, Cal. ; and in 1874-78 was register 
 United States land office at Sacramento county, Cal. ; and in 
 1879 was a member of the California state constitutional conven- 
 tion. Since 1886 he has been associate-justice of the state su- 
 preme court of California ; and resides in San Fjrancisco, Cal. 
 
 672. Shaw, Lucien, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 California, was born March 1, 1845, in Vevay, Ind. In 1869-89 
 he practiced law; and in 1889-1902 was judge of the superior 
 court for Los Angeles county, Cal. Since 1903 he has been an 
 associate-justice of the state supreme court of California ; and 
 resides in Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 673. Jordan, Frank C, clerk state supreme court of California 
 Since 1900 he has been a clerk of the supreme court of California ; 
 and resides in Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 674. Lorigan, William G., associate-justice state supreme 
 court of California. He is associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of California for the term of 1906-18; and resides in San 
 Francisco, Cal. 
 
 675. Sloss, M. C, associate justice state supreme court of 
 California. He is associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 California for the term of 1906-18 ; and resides in Sacramento, 
 Cal. 
 
 676. Steele, Robert Wilbur, associate-justice supreme court of 
 Colorado, was born Nov. 14, 1857, in Lebanon, Ohio. He was 
 educated at Dayton, Ohio; in 1877 graduated from high school 
 of Denver, Col. ; and studied law in the Columbian university. 
 In 1881 he began the practice of law ; and in 1881-85 was clerk 
 of the county court of Arapahoe county, Col. In 1892-95 he 
 was district attorney for fhe second judicial district of Colorado ; 
 and in 1895-1901 was county judge for Arapahoe county, Col. 
 Since 1901 he has been associate-justice of the state supreme 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 595 
 
 court of Colorado for the ten-year term of 1901-11 ; and resides 
 in Denver, Colo. 
 
 677. Campbell, John, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 Colorado, was born Sept. 13, 1853, in Monroe county, Ind. In 
 1877 he graduated from the Iowa state university ; and has 
 received the degrees of LL. B. and A. M. ; and subsequently 
 received the degree of LL. D. For nine years he practiced law 
 in Colorado Springs, Colo. ; and was district judge there for six 
 years. In 1885 he was a representative in the Colorado state 
 legislature; and in 1887 was a member of the Colorado state 
 senate. For three years he was city attorney of Colorado 
 Springs, Colo. ; for one year was county attorney ; is now dean 
 emeritus of the law school of the university of Colorado ; and a 
 trustee of the Colorado college. Since 1895 he has been justice 
 of the state supreme court of Colorado, and was re-elected for 
 a term of nine years in 1903 ; and resides in Denver, Colo. 
 
 678. Gabbert, William Henry, chief justice state supreme 
 court of Colorado, was born Oct. 12, 1849, in Scott county, la. He 
 was educated in the public schools ; and graduated from the 
 high school of Davenport, Iowa. In 1870-79 he practiced law in 
 Davenport, Iowa ; and in 1879 moved to Colorado. In 1893-97 
 he was judge for the seventh district court of Colorado. Since 
 1897 he has been justice of the state supreme court of Colorado 
 and chief justice since 1904 ; in 1907 was re-elected for the full 
 term of fen years; and resides in Telluride, Col. 
 
 679. Musser, George W., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Colorado ; and resides in Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 
 680. White, S. Harrison, associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Colorado ; and resides in Pueblo, Colo. 
 
 681. Baily, Morton S., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Colorado, was born July 3, 1855, in Wellsboro, Pa. In 1882-92 
 he practiced law in Fairplay, Colo. ; and in 1896 was a candidate 
 from Colorado on the democratic ticket. In 1892-1909 he was 
 judge of the district court. Since 1909 he has been associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of Colorado; and resides in 
 Canon City, Colo. 
 
 682. Hill, William A., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Colorado ; and resides in Fort Morgan, Colo. 
 
 683. Killian, James R., clerk state supreme court f Colorado ; 
 and resides in Denver, Colo. 
 
 684. Richardson, Felix A., librarian state supreme court of 
 Colorado, was born Dec. 11, 1835, in Glasgow, Ky. He was edu- 
 cated in the public and private schools of his native county; and 
 graduated from Urania college. During the civil war in 1863- 
 
596 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 65 he was deputy provost marshal for the third district of Ken- 
 tucky ; and in 1865-69 he was deputy postmaster of Glasgow, 
 Ky. Since 1885 he has been in the service of the state of Col- 
 orado as bailiff and librarian ; and is still filling the office of 
 librarian of the state supreme court of Colorado ; and resides in 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 685. Baldwin, Simeon Eben, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Connecticut, was born Feb. 5, 1840, in New Haven, Conn. 
 Since 1872 he has been professor of constitutional law in Yale 
 University. During 1872-87 he was a member of various state 
 commissions for the revision of laws on education, pleading, 
 taxation and general statutes. In 1890 he was president of the 
 American Bar Association ; president of the American Social 
 Science association in 1897 ; during 1884-96 was president of the 
 New Haven Colony Historical society; and in 1899 president 
 of the International Law association ; was president of the asso- 
 ciation of American law schools; and in 1905-06 was president 
 of the American Historical association. He is the author of 
 Modern Political Institutions ; American Railroad Law ; and The 
 American Judiciary. In 1893 he was appointed associate justice 
 of the supreme court of errors, and in 1907 became chief justice , 
 and resides in New Haven, Conn. 
 
 686. Hall, Frederick Byron, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Connecticut, was born Feb. 20, 1843, in Saratoga Springs. 
 N. Y. In 1877-89 he was judge of the court of common pleas ; 
 and in 1889-97 was judge of the superior court of Connecticut. 
 Since 1897 he has been associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of errors of Connecticut for the term of 1907-12 ; and resides 
 in Hartford, Conn. 
 
 687. Roraback, Alberto T., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Connecticut ; and resides in Canaan, Conn. 
 
 688. Prentice, Samuel Oscar, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Connecticut, was born Aug. 8, 1850, in North Stoning- 
 ton, Conn. In 1889-1900 was judge of the superior court of Con- 
 necticut. He is associate justice of the supreme court of errors of 
 Connecticut for the term of 1900-1910; and resides in Hartford, 
 Conn. 
 
 689. Thayer, John M., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Connecticut. He is chief justice of the state supreme court of 
 Connecticut ; and resides in Norwich, Conn. 
 
 690. Lore, Charles Brown, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Delaware, was born March 16, 1831, in Odess, Del. In 1869- 
 74 he was attorney-general of Delaware. He was a presidential 
 elector in 1880 and 1892. He was a member of the forty-eighth 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 597 
 
 and forty-ninth congress as a democrat. Since 1893 he has been 
 chief justice of the state supreme court of Delaware; and is now 
 serving the term of 1900-1910; and resides in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 691. Grubb, Ignatius C, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Delaware, was born April 12, 1841, in Grubbs Landing, D'el. 
 He is the author of Colonial and State Judiciary of Delaware. 
 Since 1897 he has been associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of Delaware, and resides in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 692. Spruance, William Corbit, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Delaware, was born April 2, 1831, in Smyrna, Del. In 
 1855-71 he practiced law in New Castle, Del.; and in 1871-97 in 
 Wilmington, Del. He was United States district attorney for 
 four years. Since 1897 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Delaware; and resides in Wilmington, Del. 
 
 693. Pennewill, James, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Delaware, was born June 16, 1854, in Sussex county, Del. In 
 1875 he graduated from Princeton university. In 1878-87 he 
 practiced law in Dover, Del. ; and for many years was solicitor 
 in Delaware for the Pennsylvania Railroad company. He has 
 been chairman of the Delaware republican state central com- 
 mittee. Since 1897 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Delaware; and resides in Dover, Del. 
 
 694. Boyce, William H., associate justice state supreme court 
 for the term of 1902-06 ; is now an associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Delaware; and resides in Georgetown, Del. 
 
 695. Claubaugh, Harry M., lawyer, jurist. Since 1904 he has 
 been chief justice of the supreme court of the district of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 696. Barnard, Job, associate-justice supreme court of the dis- 
 trict of Columbia, was born June 8, 1844, in Porter 
 county, Ind. In 1862 he enlisted as private in company K, 
 seventy-third Indiana volunteer infantry, and served througli 
 civil war, attaining the rank of first sergeant. He is associate- 
 justice of the supreme court of the district of Columbia; and 
 resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 697. Anderson, Thomas H., associate justice supreme court 
 of the district of Columbia, was born June 6, 1848, in Belmont, 
 Ohio. After leaving Mount Union college he taught in the pub- 
 lic schools of Ohio; and became principal of Cambridge high 
 school. In 1871-89 he practiced law in Cambridge, Ohio. In 
 1889-90 he was consul-general and in 1890-93 minister plenipo- 
 tentiary of the United States to Bolivia. He then practiced 
 law in Washington, D. C. Since 1901 he has been associate 
 
5*8 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 justice of the state supreme court of the district of Columbia; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 698. Gould, Ashley Mulgrave, associate justice supreme court 
 of the district of Columbia, was born in October, 1859, in Nova 
 Scotia. He was educated in the public and high schools of 
 Northampton, Mass. ; in 1881 graduated from Amherst college ; 
 and in 1884 from the law school of Georgetown university. In 
 1884 he began the practice of law ; in 1898 was a representative 
 in the Maryland state legislature; and in 1901-02 was United 
 States attorney for the district of Columbia. He is lecturer in 
 the Georgetown university law school. He is associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme court of the district of Columbia; and resides 
 in Washington, D. C. 
 
 699. Wright, Daniel T., associate justice supreme court for 
 the district of Columbia, was born Sept. 28, 1864, in Riverside, 
 Ohio. He is associate justice of the supreme court for the dis- 
 trict of Columbia; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 700. Stafford, Wendell Phillips, associate justice state su- 
 preme court for the district of Columbia, was born May 1, 
 1861, in Barre, Vt. In 1898-99 he was president of the Vermont 
 bar association. In 1896-1900 he was reporter of decisions of 
 the supreme court of Vermont. Since 1904 he has been associ- 
 ate justice of the state supreme court of the district of Colum- 
 bia ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 701. Shackelford, Thomas Mitchell, chief justice state supreme 
 court of Florida, author, was born Nov. 14, 1859, in Fay- 
 etteville, Tenn. In 1883-93 he practiced law in Brooksville, Fla. ; 
 and in 1893-1902 at Tampa, Fla. Since 1902 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Florida. He is 
 the author of Amos Kohegan ; and By Sunlit Waters; and resides 
 in Tallahassee, Fla. 
 
 702. Taylor, Robert Fenwick, chief justice state supreme 
 court of Florida, was born March 10, 1849, in Beaufort district, 
 S. C. He was member Florida constitutional convention in 
 1855. He is chief justice of the state supreme court of Florida; 
 and resides in Tallahassee, Fla. 
 
 703. Cockrell, Robert Spratt, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Florida, was born Jan. 22, 1866, in Livington, Ala. In 
 1891 he began the practice of law. In 1902 he became an asso- 
 ciate justice of the state supreme court of Florida; and resides 
 in Tallahassee, Fla. 
 
 704. Hocker, William Adam, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Florida, was born Dec. 5, 1844, in Buckingham county, 
 Va. He studied law and practiced from 1874 in Florida. In 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 599 
 
 1877 and 1891 he was a representative in the Filorida state legis- 
 lature; and in 1885 was a member of the Florida constitutional 
 convention. In 1877-86 he was states attorney for the fifth 
 circuit of Florida; and in 1893-1901 was judge of the same dis- 
 trict. He is associate-justice of the supreme court of Florida; 
 and resides in Tallahassee, Fla. 
 
 705. Whitfield, James Bryan, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Florida, was born Nov. 8, 1860, in Wayne county, N. C. In 
 1886 he received the degree of B. L. from the university of 
 Virginia. In 1886 he was admitted to the practice of law; in 
 1897-1902 was state treasurer of Florida; and in 1903-04 was 
 attorney-general of the state of Filorida. Since 1904 he has been 
 an associate justice and since 1909 chief justice of the state su- 
 preme court of Florida ; is now serving his term ending in 1913 ; 
 and resides in Tallahassee, Fla. 
 
 706. Parkhill, Charles Breckenridge, associate justice state 
 supreme court of Florida, was born June 23, 1859, near Talla- 
 hassee, Fla. He was educated at the Jefferson academy of Mon- 
 ticello, Fla.; attended the Randolph-Macon college; and gradu- 
 ated from the university of Virginia. He is a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; has been a member of the Florida state senate ; solicitor of 
 the criminal court of record for Escambia county, Fla.; and 
 judge of the circuit court for the first judicial circuit of the state. 
 He is now associate justice of the state supreme court of Florida 
 for the term of 1905-13 ; and resides in Talahassee, Fla. 
 
 707. Carter, Francis Beauregard, lawyer, jurist, was born on 
 Aug. 12, 1861, in Jackson county, Fla. Since 1897 he has been 
 an associate justice of the supreme court of Florida. 
 
 708. Fish, William Hansell, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Georgia, was born May 12, 1849, in Macon, Ga. In 1891- 
 96 he was circuit judge. Since 1896 he has been associate jus- 
 tice and since 1905 chief justice of the state supreme court of 
 Georgia ; and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 709. Holden, Horace M., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Georgia; and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 710. Evans, Beverly Daniel, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Georgia, was born May 21, 1865, in Sandersville, Ga. In 
 1884-89 he practiced law ; and in 1886-87 was a representative in 
 the Georgia state legislature. In 1899-1904 he was judge of the 
 circuit court. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Georgia for the term of 1904-10 ; and resides in Sandersville, 
 
 Ga. 
 
 711. Lumpkin, Joseph H„ associate justice state supreme 
 
600 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 court of Georgia. In 1900 he became an associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Georgia; and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 712. Beck, Marcus W., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Georgia. In 1900 he became an associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Georgia; and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 713. Atkinson, Samuel C, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Georgia. In 1900-07 he served his first term as an asso- 
 ciate justice of the state supreme court of Georgia. 
 
 714. Frear, Walter Francis, chief justice supreme court of 
 Hawaii, was born Oct. 29, 1863, in Grass Vjalley, Cal. In 1885 
 he graduated from Yale university ; and in 1890 from Yale law 
 school. He soon acquired success in the practice of law. In 
 1893 he became judge of the first circuit court of Hawaii; and 
 three months later became associate-justice of the supreme court 
 for the territory of Hawaii. In 1898 he was a member of the 
 commission to recommend to congress legislation concerning 
 Hawaii ; and in 1903-05 was chairman of the Hawaiian code com- 
 mission. Since 1893 he has been associate justice, and since 
 1900 chief justice of the supreme court for the territory of 
 Hawaii ; and resides in Honolulu, H. I. 
 
 714a. Hartwell, A. S., associate justice United States su- 
 preme court for Hawaii, was born June 11, 1836, in Dedham, 
 Mass. He served in the civil war; enlisting as private in a third 
 Missouri regiment. He was afterward first lieutenant in the 
 forty-fourth Massachusetts regiment; was captain of the fifty- 
 fourth ; was lieutenant and colonel in the fifty-fifth Massachu- 
 setts; and was brevetted brigadier-general of the United States 
 volunteers. In 1867 he was a representative in the Massachu- 
 setts state legislature. In 1868-74 he was the first-associate jus- 
 tice of the kingdom of Hawaii ; was attorney-general in 1874-78 ; 
 and in 1899-1900 was special agent for the government of Hawaii 
 in Washington, D. C. He is now associate justice of the su- 
 preme court of the territory of Hawaii. 
 
 715. Stewart, George E., associate justice of the state su- 
 preme court of Idaho; and resides in Boise, Idaho. 
 
 716. Ailshie, James Franklin, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Idaho, was born June 19, 1868, in Green county, Tenn. 
 For two terms he was regent of the Idaho state university. Since 
 1903 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Idaho; and resides in Grangeville, Idaho. 
 
 717. Sullivan, Isaac N., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Idaho, was born Nov. 3, 1848, in Iowa. He was educated in 
 the public schools and at Adrian college of Michigan. For 
 many years he practiced law in Iowa and at Hailey, Idaho ; and 
 attained prominence at the bar. In 1890 he was elected associate 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 601 
 
 justice of the supreme court of Idaho ; was re-elected in 1892, 
 1898, and 1904 and 1908; was three times chief justice; and is 
 now serving his term ending in 1912. He is prominently iden- 
 tified with the republican party ; and resides in Hailey, Idaho. 
 
 718. Cartwright, James Henry, justice supreme court of 
 Illinois, born Dec. 1, 1842, in Maquoketa, Iowa. He was 
 educated at Rock River seminary at Mt. Morris, 111.; and in 
 1867 graduated from the law department of the university of 
 Michigan ; captain company I, 140th regiment Illinois volunteers ; 
 elected judge of the circuit court in 1888 ; assigned to appellate 
 court 1891. Since 1895 he has been justice of the supreme court 
 of Illinois for term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Oregon, 111. 
 
 719. Farmer, William., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Illinois, was born June 5, 1853, in Fayette county, 111. In 
 1876 he began the practice of law in Vandalia, 111. In 1888-90 
 he was a member of the Illinois house of representatives; and 
 in 1890-94 he was a member of the Illinois state senate. In 
 1897-1906 he was judge of the circuit court; and in 1907 was 
 elected justice of the supreme court of Illinois for term ending 
 in 1915; and resides in Vandalia, 111. 
 
 720. Vickers, Alonzo Knox, associate justice states supreme 
 court of Illinois, was born Sept. 25, 1853, in Massoc county, 111. 
 In 1882 he began the practice of law ; and in 1886 was a member 
 of the Illinois state legislature. In 1891-1906 he was judge of 
 the circuit court for the first judicial circuit of Illinois. Since 
 1906 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Illinois ; and resides in East St. Louis, 111. 
 
 721. Hand, John Pryor, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Illinois, was born Nov. 10, 1850, in Henry county, 111. In 
 1866-76 he studied at Rock River seminary of Mt. Morris, 111.; 
 and in 1875 graduated from the law department of the Iowa 
 state university. In 1875 he began the practice of law ; in 1885- 
 90 was county judge for Henry county, 111.; and in 1890-94 was 
 assistant United States attorney for the northern district of 
 Illinois in Chicago. Since 1900 he has been justice of the state 
 supreme court of Illinois; was chief justice in 1903-04; and re- 
 sides in Cambridge, 111. 
 
 722. Carter, Orrin N., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Illinois, was born Jan. 22, 1854, in Jefferson county, N. Y. In 
 1864 he removed with his parents to Du Page county, 111. ; and 
 in 1877 graduated from Wheaton college. He studied law in 
 Chicago under Judge M. F. Tuley and General I. N. Stiles; 
 taught school and in 1880-92 was county superintendent of 
 schools for Grundy county, 111. In 1882-88 he was prosecuting 
 
602 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 attorney for Grundy county, 111. ; and in 1892-94 was attorney for 
 the Chicago drainage board. In 1898-1906 he was county judge 
 of Cook county, 111. ; and resides in Chicago, 111. 
 
 723. Dunn, Frank Kershner, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Illinois, was born Nov. 13, 1854, in Mount Gilead, Ohio. 
 Since 1878 he has practiced law in Charleston, 111. In 1897-1903 
 he was judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Illinois. He is now 
 an associate justice of the state supreme court of Illinois for 
 the term of 1907-15; and resides in Charleston, 111. 
 
 723A. Cooke, George A., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Illinois; and resides in Aledo, 111. 
 
 724. Myers, Quincy A., associate justice of the superior court 
 of Indiana, was born Sept. 1, 1853, in Logansport, Ind. He was 
 educated at Dartmouth college ; and at the Albany law school. 
 He has been city attorney of Logansport, Ind. ; served as county 
 attorney ; and was a presidential elector. Since 1909 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Indiana; is now 
 serving his term of 1909-16 ; and resides in Logansport, Ind. 
 
 725. Jordan, James H., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Indiana, was born Dec. 21, 1842, in Woodstock, Va. He 
 served as a soldier in the union army during the civil war ; has 
 been state's attorney; and is now a judge of the supreme court 
 of Indiana. 
 
 726. Montgomery, Oscar Hilton, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Indiana, was born April 27, 1859, in Seymour, 
 Ind. In 1884-1904 he practiced law in Seymour, Ind. ; and for 
 ten years was its city attorney. Since 1905 he has been an 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Indiana; and re- 
 sides in Seymour, Ind. 
 
 727. Hadley, John B., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Indiana; and resides in Danville, Ind. 
 
 728. Monks, Leander John, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Indiana, was born July 10, 1848, in Winchester, Ind. 
 In 1869-78 he practiced law; and in 1878-94 was judge of the 
 circuit court for the twenty-fifth judicial circuit of Indiana. Since 
 1895 he has been an associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Indiana; is now serving his term ending in 1913; and resides 
 in Winchester, Ind. 
 
 729. Sherwin, John C, chief justice state supreme court of 
 Iowa, was born Feb. 8, 1838, in Saint Lawrence, N. Y. He was 
 twice elected county clerk of Kane county, 111. ; and was city 
 attorney of Aurora. He served three years in the union army 
 during the civil war ; and was elected a representative from Illin- 
 ois to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses as a repub- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 
 
 lican. He is chief justice of the state supreme court of Iowa 
 for the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 730. McClain, Emlin, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Iowa, was born Nov. 28, 1851, in Salem, Ohio. In 1871 he 
 graduated from the state university of Iowa ; and has received 
 the degrees of Ph. B., A. B., L L. B., A. M., and LL. D. In 
 1873-81 he practiced law at Des Moines, Iowa. In 1881 he be- 
 came professor in and in 1890-1900 was chancellor of the law 
 department of the university of Iowa. Since 1901 he has been 
 judge of the supreme court of Iowa. In 1894 he was com- 
 missioner from Iowa to act with commissioners of other states 
 to recommend uniform laws; and was one of the code commis- 
 sioners for the revision of the code of Iowa. He compiled an 
 Annotated Code of Iowa, and a Digest of the Decisions of the 
 Supreme Court of that state. He is the author of A Treatise 
 on the Criminal Law as Now Administered in the United States; 
 also of volumes of selected cases on Carriers and Constitutional 
 Law; and prepared the article on Carriers for the American 
 Cyclopedia of Law Procedure. Since 1901 he has been judge of 
 the state supreme court of Iowa; and resides in Iowa city, 
 Iowa. 
 
 731. Weaver, Silas Matteson, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Iowa, was born Dec. 18, 1845, in Chautauqua county, 
 N. Y. He was educated at Fredonia academy, N. Y. ; and is a 
 lawyer by profession. In 1883-86 he was a representative in the 
 Iowa general assembly ; and in 1887-1901 was judge of the dis- 
 trict court of Iowa. He is associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Iowa ; and resides in Iowa Falls, Iowa. 
 
 732. Ladd, Scott M., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Iowa, was born June 22, 1855, in Sharon, Wis. In 1875-77 he 
 attended Beloit college of Wisconsin ; then Carthage college of 
 Illinois ; and in 1881 graduated from the law department of the 
 state university of Iowa. For several years he practiced law in 
 Sheldon, Iowa; and in 1887-97 was district judge of Iowa. Since 
 1897 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Iowa ; and resides in Sheldon, Iowa. 
 
 733. Evans, William D., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Iowa, was born May 10, 1852, in Marquette county, Wis. In 
 1858 he moved with his parents to Williamsburg, Iowa ; in 1873 
 graduated from the classical course of the state university ; and 
 in 1879 graduated from the law course. In 1879 he began the 
 practice of law in Hampton ; and in 1886-90 was county attorney 
 of Franklin county. In 1902 he became judge of the district 
 court for the eleventh judicial district. Since 1908 he has been 
 
604 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 a justice of the state supreme court of Iowa; is now chief jus- 
 tice; and resides in Hampton, Iowa. 
 
 734. Deemer, Horace Emerson, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Iowa, was born Sept. 24, 1858, in Marshall county, 
 Indiana. He graduated from the state university of Iowa. In 
 1887-94 he was judge of the district court for the fifteenth dis- 
 trict of Iowa. In 1898-1904 he was chief justice of the supreme 
 court; and is now associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Iowa for the term of 1905-12 ; and resides in Red Oak, Iowa. 
 
 735. Bousquet, Henry Louis, clerk state supreme court of 
 Iowa, was born Feb. 14, 1840, in Amsterdam, Holland. In 1849 
 he came with his parents to the United States and located in 
 Pella, Iowa. He served in the civil war in company G., thirty- 
 third regiment Iowa infantry; and was promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant and quartermaster of the fourth Arkansas cavalry. For 
 four years in 1869-73 he was clerk of the district court for Marion 
 county, Iowa; and in 1874-84 was assistant cashier of the Pella 
 national bank. Then for a number of years he was engaged in 
 the general merchandising business in Knoxville, Iowa. Since 
 1908 he has been clerk of the state supreme court of Iowa; and 
 resides in Knoxville, Iowa. 
 
 736. Johnston, William Agnew, chief justice state supreme 
 court of Kansas, was born July 24, 1848, in Canada. He re- 
 ceived a common school education in Canada; and his academic 
 education in Illinois. In 1872-74 he practiced law in Kansas; 
 was a representative in the Kansas state legislature; and in 
 1876 became a member of the Kansas state senate. In 1879 he 
 was assistant United States attorney for Kansas; and in 1880- 
 84 was attorney-general for Kansas. Since 1884 he has been 
 justice of the state supreme court of Kansas, and chief justice 
 since 1902 ; and resides in Topeka, Kan. 
 
 737. Benson, Adrian L., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Kansas ; and resides in Ottawa, Kans. 
 
 738. Burch, Rosseau Angelus, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Kansas, was born Aug. 4, 1862, in Williamsport, Ind. 
 He was educated at the university of Michigan ; and is a lawyer 
 by profession. Since 1902 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Kansas ; and resides in Salina, Kans. 
 
 739. Mason, Henry F., justice state supreme court of Kansas, 
 was born Feb. 17, 1860, in Racine, Wis. He was educated at 
 the university of Wisconsin ; and is a lawyer by profession. In 
 1899-1901 he was a representative in the Kansas state legislature. 
 In 1903 he became a justice of the state supreme court of Kan- 
 sas ; and resides in Garden City, Kan. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 605 
 
 740. Smith, Clark Allen, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Kansas, was born July 29, 1846, in Rock county, Wis. He 
 is associate justice of the state supreme court of Kansas; and 
 resides in Cawker city, Kan. 
 
 741. Porter, Silas, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Kansas. Since 1900 he has been an associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Kansas ; and resides in Kansas city, Kan. 
 
 742. Graves, Charles Burleigh, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Kansas, was born Nov. 13, 1841, in Richmond, Ind. He 
 has been county attorney ; and for twelve years was judge of the 
 district court. Since 1905 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Kansas ; and resides in Emporia, Kan. 
 
 743. Hobson, John Peyton, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Kentucky, was born Sept. 3, 1850, in Powhattan county, 
 Va. He was educated in the private schools of his native county ; 
 and graduated from Washington college of Virginia. In 1870 
 he moved to Kentucky; for three years taught in Lynnland in- 
 stitute: and in 1873-98 practiced law in Hardin county, Ky. 
 Since 1898 he has been associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of appeals for Kentucky ; and resides in Elizabethtown, Ky. 
 
 744. Barker, H. S., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Kentucky. Since 1903 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Kentucky ; and resides in Frankfort, Ky. 
 
 745. Nunn, T. J., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Kentucky. Since 1900 he has been an associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Kentucky; and resides in Frankfort, Ky. 
 
 746. O'Rear, Edward Clay, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Kentucky, was born Feb. 2. 1863, in Montgomery county, 
 KV. He is associate justice of the state supreme court of appeals 
 for Kentucky for the term of 1901-10 ; and resides in Frankfort, 
 Ky. 
 
 747. Settle, Warner Ellmore, associate justice state supreme 
 court, of Kentucky, was born Jan. 21, 1850, in Greensburg, 
 Kv. In 1871-92 he practiced law; and in 1892-1902 was circuit 
 judge. Since 1902 he has been an associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Kentucky; and resides in Frankfort. Ky. 
 
 748. Carroll, John D., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Kentuckv; and resides in Frankfort, Ky. 
 
 749. Lassine. John M., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Kentuckv. In 1900-06 he was judee of the circuit court of 
 Kentuckv. Since 1907 he has been an associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of appeals of Kentucky ; and resides in Wal- 
 ton. Ky. 
 
 750. Breaux, Joseph A., chief justice state supreme court 
 
606 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Louisiana, was born in 1838 in Louisiana. In 1861-65 he served 
 in the confederate army. Since 1890 he has been associate justice 
 of the state supreme court of Louisiana; and is now chief justice 
 for the term of 1900-1910; and resides in New Iberia, La. 
 
 751. Nicholls, Francis T., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Louisiana. In 1876-80 and 1888-92 he was governor of 
 Louisiana. He is associate-justice of the state supreme court 
 of Louisiana for the term of 1900-10; and resides in New 
 Orleans, La. 
 
 752. Provosty, Olivier O., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Louisiana, was born Aug. 2, 1852, in Pointe Coupee, 
 La. In 1888-92 he was a member of the Louisiana state senate. 
 Since 1901 he has been an associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Louisiana ; and resides in New Roads, La. 
 
 753. Monroe, Frank Adair, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Louisiana, was born Aug. 30, 1844, in Annapolis, Md. 
 In 1860-61 he attended the Maryland military school; then en- 
 tered the confederate states army ; and served four years in the 
 fourth Kentucky infantry and in the first Louisiana cavalry. He 
 practiced law in New Orleans, La. ; and in 1877 became judge of 
 New Orleans ; and in 1880-96 was judge of the civil district court 
 for the parish of New Orleans. For over ten years he has been 
 a member of the law faculty of the university of Louisiana. Since 
 1899 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Louisiana; and resides in New Orleans, La. 
 
 754. Land, Alfred Dillingham, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Louisiana, was born Jan. 15, 1842, in Holmes county, 
 Mississippi. During the civil war he served in the confederate 
 army. In 1867-94 he practiced law in Shreveport, La. In 1894- 
 1903 he was district judge. He is associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Louisiana ; and resides in Shreveport, La. 
 
 755. Savage, Albert R., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Maine, was born Dec. 8, 1847, in Ryegate, Vt. He received 
 the rudiments of his education at Lancaster, N. H. ; and in 1871 
 graduated from Dartmouth college. For many years he was en- 
 gaged in the practice of law in the state of Maine. Since 1900 
 he has been an associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Maine ; and resides in Auburn, Maine. 
 
 756. Bird, George E., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Maine, was born Sept. 1, 1847, in Portland, Maine. He was 
 educated in the public schools of his native city; in 1869 re- 
 ceived the degree of A. B. from Harvard; and subsequently re- 
 ceived the degree of LL. D. from Bowdoin. In 1885-90 he was 
 United States attorney for the Maine district; in 1893-95 was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 607 
 
 a representative in the Maine state legislature; and since 1907 
 he has been president of trustees of the North Yarmouth acad- 
 emy. Since 1908 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Maine for term ending in 1915 ; and resides 
 in Portland, Maine. 
 
 757. Einery, Lucilius A., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Maine, was born July 27, 1840, in Carmel, Maine. In 1874, 
 1875 and 1881 he was a member of the Maine state senate. In 
 1876-79 he was attorney-general of Maine. He is lecturer on 
 Roman law in the law school of the university of Maine. Since 
 1883 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Maine, and since 1906 has been chief-justice ; and resides in 
 Ellsworth, Me. 
 
 758. Whitehouse, William Penn, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Maine, was born April 9, 1842, in Vassalboro, 
 Kennebec county, Maine. For four years he was city solicitor 
 of Augusta, Maine ; county attorney for seven years ; and in 1878- 
 90 was judge of the superior court. Since 1890 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Maine, and is now 
 serving the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Augusta, Maine. 
 
 759. Peabody, Henry Clay, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Maine, was born April 14, 1838, in Gilead, Maine. In 
 1880-1900 he was judge of probate for Cumberland county, 
 Maine. He is associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Maine for the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Portland, Maine. 
 
 760. Spear, Albert M., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Maine, was born March 17„ 1852, in Madison, Maine. In 
 1875 he graduated from Bates college of Maine; and is a lawyer 
 by profession. In 1883-85 he was a representative in the Maine 
 state legislature ; and in 1891-93 was a member of the Maine 
 state senate. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Maine for the term of 1900-10 ; and resides in Gardiner, Maine. 
 
 761. King, Arno W., associate justice supreme court of 
 Maine ; and resides in Ellsworth, Maine. 
 
 762. Cornish, Leslie Colby, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Maine, was born Oct. 8, 1854, in Winslow, Maine. In 
 1878 he was a member of the Maine state legislature ; and in 1870 
 was admitted to the practice of law. Since 1907 he has been an 
 associate justice of the supreme court of Maine. Since 1905 he 
 has been president of the Augusta savings bank; and since 1904 
 has been president of the board of trustees of the Lithgow lib- 
 rary of Augusta, Maine. He is an, associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Maine ; and resides in Augusta, Maine. 
 
 763. McShcrry, James, chief justice state supreme court of 
 
608 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Maryland. He is chief justice of the state supreme court of 
 appeals for the term of 1900-10 ; and resides in Annapolis, Md. 
 
 764. Page, Henry, associate justice state supreme court of 
 'Maryland. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of appeals for Maryland for the term of 1900-10 ; and resides in 
 Annapolis, Md. 
 
 765. Pearce, James Alfred, associate justice state supreme 
 court of appeals of Maryland, was born April 2, 1840, in Chester- 
 town, Md. He was educated in the public schools and at Wash- 
 ington college ; and in 1860 graduated from Princeton university. 
 In 1860-97 he practiced law in Chestertown, Md. ; and has filled 
 various positions of trust and honor. Since 1897 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of appeals of Mary- 
 land ; and resides in Chestertown, Md. 
 
 766. Schumacker, Samuel D., associate justice state supreme 
 court of 'Maryland, was born Feb. 26, 1844, in Gettysburg, Pa. 
 In 1863 he was sergeant of the twenty-sixth Pennsylvania regi- 
 ment in Baltimore for thirty-two years. He was president of 
 the bar association ; and was one of the commission which pre- 
 pared present charter of Baltimore city. Since 1898 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of appeals for Mary- 
 land ; and resides in Annapolis, Md. 
 
 767. Burke, N. Charles, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Maryland. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Maryland for the term of 1905-20; and resides in Townson, 
 Md. 
 
 768. Briscoe, John Parran, judge court of appeals of Mary- 
 land, was born Aug. 24, 1853, in Lower Marlboro, Calvert county. 
 Md. He was educated at Charlotte hall academy; and at St. 
 John's college at Annapolis, Md. In 1879-90 he was states at- 
 torney for Calvert county, Md. ; in 1905-06 president of the Mary- 
 land state bar association ; and chairman of the local council for 
 Maryland of the American bar association. He has been presi- 
 dent of the Mutual Fire insurance company of Calvert county; 
 secretary and treasurer of vestry of St. Paul's parish of Calvert 
 county ; a member of the Maryland state library committee ; and 
 has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 
 1891 he has been judge of the Maryland state court of appeals 
 and judge of the seventh judicial circuit of Maryland ; and re- 
 sides in Prince Frederick, Calvert county, Md. 
 
 769. Boyd, A. Hunter, judge court of appeals of Maryland, 
 was born July 15, 1849, in Winchester, Va. He was educated 
 at the Washington and Lee university; and at the university of 
 Virginia. In 1876-79 he was state's attorney for Allegany 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 609 
 
 county, Md.; and soon attained prominence as an eminent law- 
 yer of Maryland. Since 1893 he has been associate judge of 
 the court of appeals of Maryland and chief judge of the fourth 
 judicial circuit of Maryland for the term of fifteen years ending 
 in Nov. 1908 ; and resides in Cumberland, Md. 
 
 770. Rogers, John G., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Maryland ; and resides in Ellicott city, Md. 
 
 771. Knowlton, Marcus Perrin, chief justice supreme judicial 
 court of Massachusetts, was born F,eb. 3, 1839, in Wilbraham, 
 Mass. He graduated from Yale college, and soon attained suc- 
 cess in the practice of law. In 1878 he was a representative in 
 the Massachusetts state legislature ; and in 1880-81 was a mem- 
 ber of the state senate. In 1881-87 he was justice of the super- 
 ior court of Massachusetts. In 1887-1902 he was associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts; and since 
 1902 has been chief justice for term of life ; and resides in Spring- 
 field, Mass. 
 
 772. Morton, James M., associate justice supreme judicial 
 court of Massachusetts. He is associate justice of the supreme 
 judicial supreme court for the commonwealth of Massachusetts; 
 and resides in Boston, Mass. 
 
 773. Rugg, Arthur Prentice, associate justice supreme judicial 
 court of Massachusetts. Since 1906 he has been associate jus- 
 tice of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts; and resides 
 in Worcester, Mass. 
 
 774. Hammond, John Wilkes, associate justice supreme judi- 
 cial court of Massachusetts, was born Dec. 16, 1837, in Matto- 
 poisett, Mass. In 1866-86 he practiced law at Combridge, Mass. ; 
 was city solicitor in 1873-86 ; justice superior court of Massachu- 
 setts in 1886-98 ; and a member of the house of representatives 
 of Massachusetts in 1872-73. Since 1898 he has been associate 
 justice of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts ; and re- 
 sides in Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 775. Loring. William Caleb, associate justice supreme judi- 
 cial court of Massachusettss, was born Aug. 24, 1851. in Beverly, 
 Mass. In 1872 he graduated from Harvard university; and 
 from the law department of that institution in 1874. In 1875-78 
 he was assistant attorney-general of Massachusetts; in 1882-86 
 was general solicitor and general counsel for the New York and 
 New England railroad company ; and in 1878-99 practiced law in 
 Boston, Mass. In 1901 he received the degree of LL. D. from 
 Harvard universitv. Since 1899 he has been associate justtr 
 of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts; and resides in 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
610 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 776. Braley, Henry King, associate justice supreme judicial 
 court of Massachusetts, March 17, 1850, in Rochester, Mass. In 
 1873-91 he practiced law in Fall River, Mass. In 1874 was city 
 solicitor; and in 1882-83 was mayor of that city. In 1891-1902 
 he was an associate justice of the superior court of Massachu- 
 setts ; and since 1902 has been an associate justice of the supreme 
 judicial court of Massachusetts ; and resides in Fall River, Mass. 
 
 777. Sheldon, Henry Newton, associate justice supreme judi- 
 cial court of Massachusetts. He is associate justice of the su- 
 preme judicial court of Massachusets ; and resides in Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 778. McAlvay, Aaron Vance, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Michigan, was born July 19, 1847, in Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 In 1878-79 he was circuit judge ; and also was circuit judge 
 in 1901-04. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Michigan ; and resides in Manistee, Mich. 
 
 779. Brooke, Flavius L., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Michigan ; was born Oct. 7, 1859, in Norfolk, Ontario, Can. 
 In 1900-08 he was circuit judge for the third judicial circuit of 
 Michigan. Since 1908 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Michigan for the term ending in 1916 ; and 
 resides in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 780. Stone, John W., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Michigan was born July 18, 1838, in Wadsworth, Ohio. He 
 has been county clerk and prosecuting attorney for Allegan 
 county, Mich. He was a member of the forty-fifth and forty- 
 sixth congresses ; and served as United States attorney for the 
 western district of Michigan. In 1890-1909 he was circuit judge 
 of the twenty-fifth circuit. Since 1910 he has been an associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of Michigan for the term of 
 1910-17 ; and resides in Marquette, Mich. 
 
 781. Blair, Charles A., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Michigan. He is associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Michigan for the term of 1899-1910 ; and resides in Jackson. 
 Mich. 
 
 782. Montgomery, Robert B., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Michigan, was born May 12. 1849, in Eaton Rapids. 
 Mich. Since 1890 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Michigan, and is now serving the term of 1900- 
 1910 : and resides in Lansing, Mich. 
 
 783. Ostrander, Russell Cowles, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Michigan, was born Sept. 1, 1851, in Ypsilanti, 
 Mich. Since 1877 he has been in the practice of law ; and in 
 1896-97 was mayor of Lansing, Mich. In 1895-1904 he was a 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 611 
 
 member of the state board of law examiners. In 1903-04 he was 
 president of the Michigan state bar association. Since 1905 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Michi- 
 gan ; and resides in Lansing, Mich. 
 
 784. Moore, Joseph B., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Michigan, was born Nov. 3, 1845, in Commerce, Mich. In 
 1869-88 he practiced law in Laper, Mich. ; and has been mayor of 
 that city. In 1878-80 he was a member of the Michigan state 
 senate; and in 1888-96 was judge of the sixth judicial circuit 
 of Michigan. Since 1896 he has been an associate justice of 
 the state supreme court of Michigan ; and resides in Lapeer, 
 Mich. 
 
 785. Hooker, Frank A., chief justice state supreme court of 
 'Michigan, was born Jan. 16, 1844, in Hartford, Conn. In 1867-69 
 he was superintendent of schools in Charlotte, Mich. ; a justice of 
 the peace in 1869-73 ; and prosecuting attorney in 1872-76. In 
 1878 he was appointed judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Mich- 
 igan. Since 1894 he has been chief justice of the state supreme 
 court of Michigan, and is now serving the term of 1903-1913 ; 
 and resides in Lansing, Mich. 
 
 786. Start, Charles M., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Minnesota, was born Oct. 4, 1839, in Bakersfield, Vt. He is 
 chief justice of the supreme court of Minnesota. In 1880-81 he 
 was attorney-general of Minnesota. He is chief justice of the 
 state supreme court of Minnesota for the term of 1900-1910 ; 
 and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 787. Brown, Calvin Luther, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Minnesota, was born April 26, 1854, in Goshen, N. H. 
 For many years he practiced law in Morris, Minn. Since 1899 
 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Minnesota for the term ending in 1912; and resides in Morris, 
 Minn. 
 
 798. Lewis, Charles L., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Minnesota, was born March 8, 1852, in Ottawa, 111. In 1893- 
 96 he was district judge at Duluth, Minn. Since 1900 he has been 
 associate-justice of the state supreme court of Minnesota for 
 the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 789. Jaggard, Edwin Ames, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Minnesota, was born June 21, 1859, in Altona, Pa. In 
 1882 he was admitted to the bar; and since 1893 has been a 
 member of a law faculty of the university of Minnesota. In 
 1898 he became judge of the district court for the second district 
 of Minnesota. He is the author of Jaggard on Torts, in two 
 volumes ; Jaggard on Taxation in Minnesota. Since 1905 he 
 
612 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Minne- 
 sota; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 790. O'Brien, Thomas D., associate justice of the state su- 
 preme court of Minnesota, was born Feb. 14, 1859, in La Pointe, 
 Wis. He was educated in the public schools of his native state ; 
 and is a lawyer by profession. He has been assistant city attor- 
 ney for St. Paul, Minn. ; and county attorney for Ramsey county, 
 Minn. He has been a member of the board of trustees of hos- 
 pitals for insane ; a member of the national democratic com- 
 mittee; and a member of the charter commission of St. Paul. 
 In 1905-09 he was commissioner of insurance for Minnesota. 
 Since 1909 he has been an associate justice of the supreme court 
 of Minnesota ; and resides in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 791. Whitfield, Albert Hall, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Mississippi, was born Oct. 12, 1849, near Aberdeen, Miss. 
 In 1871 he graduated with first honors from the university of 
 Mississippi ; and has received the degrees of A. M. and LL. D. 
 from that institution of learning. In 1871-75 he was professor 
 of Latin and Greek in the university of Mississippi ; and in 
 1874 graduated from the law department of that institution. In 
 1892-94 he was dean of the law department of the university of 
 Mississippi ; and since 1900 he has been professor of law in 
 Millsap's college. He is the author of Shall the Philippines Be 
 Annexed ; and The Ostracised South. 
 
 792. Smith, Sydney, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Mississippi for term ending in 1918 ; and resides in Jackson, 
 Miss. 
 
 793. Mayes, Robert B., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Mississippi, was born in 1867 in Gallatin, Miss. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native state; and graduated 
 from the university of Mississippi. He attained success at the 
 bar : served as a member of the Mississippi state senate ; and 
 was judge of the chancery court. Since 1906 he has been associ- 
 ate justice of the state supreme court of Mississippi for term 
 ending in 1915 ; and resides in Jackson, Miss. 
 
 794. Woodson, A. M., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Missouri ; and resides in Jefferson city, Mo. 
 
 795. Graves, Waller W., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Missouri, was born Dec. 17, 1860, in Lafayette county, Mo 
 In 1899-1904 he was judge of the twenty-ninth circuit court of 
 Missouri. In 1906 he became an associate justice of the su- 
 preme court of Missouri ; and resides in Jefferson city, Mo. 
 
 796. Valliant, Leroy Branch, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Missouri, was born June 14, 1848, in Moulton, Ala. He 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 613 
 
 graduated from the university of Mississippi and from the Colum- 
 bian university, and has received the degrees of A. B. and LL. D. 
 During the civil war he was captain of company I, twenty-second 
 Mississippi regiment confederate states army. In 1874 he moved 
 to St. Louis, and became one of the foremost lawyers of Missouri. 
 In 1886-98 he was judge of the circuit court of St. Louis; and 
 since 1898 has been judge of the supreme court of Missouri. 
 He is associate justice of the state supreme court of Missouri; 
 and resides in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 797. Lamm, Henry, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Missouri, was born Dec. 3, 1846, in Burbank, Ohio. He taught 
 school for a while; and in 1884-88 was prosecuting attorney for 
 Pettis county, Mo. In 1905 he became an associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Missouri ; and resides in Jefferson city, 
 Mo. 
 
 798. Burgess, Gaven D., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Missouri, was born Nov. 5, 1830, in Kentucky. He was educated 
 in the public and private schools of Fleming county, Ky. In 
 1874-92 he was judge of the circuit court for the eleventh, now 
 the twelfth, judicial circuit of Missouri. In 1892-1901 he was 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Missouri, and 
 since 1901 has been chief justice; and resides in Jefferson city, 
 Mo. 
 
 799. Gantt, James Britton, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Missouri, was born Oct. 26, 1845, in Putnam county, Ga. 
 During the civil war he served in the confederate army. In 
 1880-86 he was circuit judge of Henry circuit of Missouri. Since 
 1890 he has been associate justice, and is now chief justice of 
 the state supreme court of Missouri, and is now serving the 
 term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Jefferson city, Mo. 
 
 800. Fox, James D., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Missouri, was born Jan. 22, 1847, in Frederickstown, Mo. In 
 1880-1902 he was circuit judge for the twenty-seventh judicial 
 circuit of Missouri ; since 1902 has been associate justice ; and re- 
 sides in Jefferson city, Mo. 
 
 801. Green, John R., clerk state supreme court of Missouri ; 
 and resides in Jefferson city, Mo. 
 
 802. Brantley, Theodore, chief justice state supreme court of 
 Montana was born Feb. 12, 1851, in Lebanon, Tenn. Until 1889 
 he taught languages at the college of Montana. In 1892-93 he 
 was district judge third district of Montana. Since 1889 he 
 has been chief justice of the state supreme court of Montana; 
 and resides in Deer Lodge. 
 
 803. Holloway, William Lawson, associate justice state su- 
 
614 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 preme court of Montana, was born Nov. 8, 1867, in Kirksville, 
 Mo. He was educated at Hurdland academy; in 1887 graduated 
 from the Missouri state normal school ; and in 1892 from the 
 law department of the university of Michigan. In 1892 he be- 
 came county attorney for Gallatin county, Mont. ; and in 1900-02 
 was district judge for the ninth judicial district of Montana. 
 Since 1902 he has been associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Montana; a: < - man, Mont. 
 
 804. Smith, Henry C, judge district court of Montana, was 
 born Aug. 3, 1862 in Fond du Lac, Wis. Since 1896 he has beeen 
 judge of the district court of Montana ; and resides in Helena, 
 Mont. 
 
 805. Sedgwick, Samuel H.„ associate justice supreme court of 
 Nebraska, was born March 12, 1848, in Dupage county, 111. He 
 was educated at Wheaton college of Illinois; and studied law at 
 the university of Michigan. He has been judge of the fifth 
 judicial district court of Nebraska. In 1902-06 he was associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of Nebraska,, and chief justice 
 since 1906 ; and resides in York, Neb. 
 
 806. Barnes, John Beaumont, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of Nebraska, was born Aug. 26, 1846, in Trumbull, Ohio. 
 He served in the Ohio volunteer light artillery during the civil 
 war. In 1872 he began the practice of law. In 1879-84 he was 
 district judge. He is associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of Nebraska ; and resides in Norfolk, Neb. 
 
 807. Letton, Charles Blair, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Nebraska, was born Oct. 25, 1853, in Edinburgh, 
 Scotland. In 1881 he was admitted to the Nebraska bar; 
 in 1886-90 was prosecuting attorney. He is associate-justice 
 of the state supreme court of Nebraska for the term of 1904-12 ; 
 aid resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 807b. Rose, William B., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Nebraska ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 807c. Root, Jesse L., associate-justice state supreme court of 
 Nebraska ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 807d. Fawcett. Jacob, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Nebraska ; and resides in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 808. Reese, Manoah B., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of Nebraska, was born Sept. 5, 1839, in Macoupin county, 111. 
 He was educated in the public schools of Illinois and Iowa; and 
 at the Osceola seminary of Iowa. In 1875 he was a member 
 of the Nebraska constitutional convention. In 1876-83 he was 
 district attorney for the fourth judicial district of Nebraska; and 
 in 1884-90 was an associate-justice of the supreme court of Ne- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 615 
 
 braska; in 1907 he was again elected an associate-justice of the 
 state supreme court of Nebraska for term of 1908-14 ; and resides 
 in Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 809. Talbot, George Frederick, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Nevada, was born April 6, 1859, in Ledyard, 
 Conn. He was educated in the schools of California, Nevada 
 and Connecticut; and in 1878 graduated from Dickinson semi- 
 nary of Williamsport, Pa. In 1884-86 he was district attorney 
 for Elko county, Nev. ; in 1890-94 was district judge of Nevada ; 
 and in 1894-1902 was district judge of the fourth judicial district 
 of Nevada. Since 1902 he has been associate-justice of the state 
 supreme court of Nevada and resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 810. Norcross, Frank Herbert, chief justice state supreme 
 court of Nevada, was born May 11, 1869, near Reno, Nev. In 
 1891-92 he was county surveyor ; in 1895-96 was district attorney ; 
 and in 1897-98 was a representative in the Nevada state legis- 
 lature. He is justice of the state supreme court of Nevada for 
 the term of 1905-11. Since 1909 has been chief-justice; and 
 resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 810a. Sweeney, James G., associate justice supreme court of 
 Nebraska, was born in Carson City, Nev. He has been a mem- 
 ber of the Nevada legislature ; and attorney-general of Nevada. 
 He was chairman of the Nevada state committee for the term 
 of 1902-06. He is an associate-justice of the supreme court of 
 Nevada; and resides in Carson City, Nev. 
 
 811. Parsons, Frank N., chief justice state supreme court of 
 New Hampshire, was born Sept. 3, 1854, in Dover, N. H. In 
 1874 he graduated from Dartmouth college; in 1879 was ad- 
 mitted to the bar; and soon attained prominence in the profes- 
 sion of law. In 1895 he became associate-justice of the supreme 
 court of New Hampshire, and since 1902 has been chief justice; 
 and resides in Franklin, N. H. 
 
 812. Peaslee, Robert James, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Hampshire, was born Sept. 23, 1864,, in Weare, 
 N. H. In 1886-98 he practiced law in Manchester, N. H. ; and in 
 1892 revised the city laws and ordinances of Manchester. In 
 1901-09 he was justice of the superior court of New Hampshire. 
 In 1898-1901 and since 1909 he has been an associate justice of 
 the supreme court of New Hampshire; and resides in Man- 
 chester, N. H. 
 
 813. Walker, Reuben Eugene, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Hampshire, was born Feb. 15, 1851, in Lowell, 
 Mass. In 1875 he graduated from Brown university; and in 
 1875-78 studied law. In 1878-1901 he practiced law. Since 1901 
 
616 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 he has been associate-justice of the state supreme court of New 
 Hampshire; and resides in Concord, N. H. 
 
 814. Bingham, George Hutchins, associate-justice state su- 
 preme court of New Hampshire, was born Aug. 19, 1864, in 
 Littleton, N. H. In 1883 he graduated from St. Johnsbury 
 academy of Vermont; from Dartmouth college in 1887; and 
 from Harvard law school in 1891. In 1891 he was admitted to 
 the New Hampshire bar. Since 1902 he has been associate- 
 justice of the state superme court of New Hampshire; and 
 resides in Manchester, N. H. 
 
 815. Young, John Edwin, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Hampshire, was born Jan. 26, 1855, in Stratham, 
 N. H. In 1890 he began the practice of law; and in 1901-01 was 
 associate-justice of the superior court. He is associate-justice 
 of the supreme court of New Hampshire ; and resides in Exeter, 
 N. H. 
 
 816. Gummere, William S., chief justice state supreme court 
 of New Jersey. Since 1903 he has been chief justice of the state 
 supreme court of the state of New Jersey ; and resides in Newark, 
 N.J. 
 
 817. Voorhees, Willard P., associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Jersey; and resides in New Brunswick, N. J. 
 
 818. Parker, Charles W., associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Jersey; and resides in Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 819. Minturn, James F., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of New Jersey, was born July 16, 1860, in Hoboken, N. J. He 
 was educated in the public schools; attended the Martha insti- 
 tute ; and graduated from Columbia university. He has been 
 corporation counsel for Hoboken, N. J.; and in 1905-07 was a 
 member of the New Jersey state senate. In 1907 he was a 
 judge of the circuit court. Since 1908 he has been associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of New Jersey for term ending 
 1915 ; and resides in Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 820. Bergen, James J., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of New Jersey; and resides in Somerville, N. J. 
 
 821. Garrison, Charles Grant, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Jersey, was born Aug. 3, 1849, in Swedesboro, 
 N. J. He was made judge-advocate-general of New Jersey in 
 1884 and in 1892 he was made chancellor of the southern diocese 
 of the protestant episcopal church of New Jersey. Since 1888 he 
 has been associate-justice of the state supreme court of New 
 Jersey; and resides in Merchantville, N. J. 
 
 822. Swayze, Francis Joseph, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Jersey, was born May 5, 1861, in Newton, N. J. In 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 617 
 
 1882-1900 he practiced law ; and in 1900-03 was judge of the cir- 
 cuit court. He is associate-justice of the state supreme court of 
 New Jersey for the term of 1903-10 ; and resides in Newark, 
 N.J. 
 
 823. Trenchard, T. W., associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of New Jersey, was born Dec. 13, 1863, in Salem county, 
 N. J. He was educated at the South Jersey institute at Bridge- 
 ton, N. J. He has been city solicitor of Bridgeton, N. J., was a 
 member of the general assembly of New Jersey; and county 
 judge of Cumberland county, N. J. He is now associate-justice 
 of the state supreme court of New Jersey for the term of 1907- 
 14; and resides in Bridgeton, N. J. 
 
 824. Reed, Alfred, associate-justice supreme court of New 
 Jersey, was born Dtec. 23, 1839, in Mercer county, N. J. In 1867 
 he was mayor of Trenton, N. J. In 1875-95 he was justice of 
 the New Jersey supreme court; and in 1895-1904 vice-chancellor. 
 He is associate-justice of the state suprme court of New Jersey ; 
 and resides in Trenton, N. J. 
 
 825. Mills, William Joseph, chief justice state supreme court 
 of New Mexico, was born Jan. 11, 1849, in Yazoo City, Miss. In 
 1877 he graduated from Yale law school ; and practiced law until 
 1898. He has been a representative in the Connecticut state 
 legislature and served as a member of the state senate. Since 
 1898 he has been chief justice of the state supreme court of New 
 Mexico ; and resides in Las Vegas, N. M. 
 
 826. Parker, Frank Wilson, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New Mexico, was born Oct. 16, 1860, in Sturgis, Mich. 
 In 1881-98 he practiced law in Hillsboro, N. M. Since 1898 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of New 
 Mexico; and also judge of the third judicial district court; and 
 resides in Las Cruces, N. M. 
 
 827. Cullen, Edgar Montgomery, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of New York, was born Dec. 4, 1843, in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. During the civil war he was second lieutenant first United 
 States infantry, and colonel ninety-sixth New York volunteers. 
 He was engineer-in-chief, with rank of brigadier-general, on 
 staff of Governor Tilden in 1875. In 1880 he was elected su- 
 preme court justice for a term of fourteen years, and was re- 
 elected in 1894. He is associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of appeals for New York for the term of 1904-1920 ; and 
 resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 828. Gray, John Clinton, associate-justice state supreme court 
 of New York city. In 1866-88 he practiced law in New York 
 
618 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 city. He is associate justice of the state supreme court of ap- 
 peals of New York; and resides in New York city. 
 
 829. Fiero, James Newton, reporter state supreme court of 
 New York, was born May 23, 1847, in Saugerties, N. Y. He 
 began the practice of law in 1869 ; and in 1895 became dean of 
 the Albany law school. In 1892-94 he was president of the New 
 York state bar association. He is the author of Special Actions; 
 and Special Proceedings. He is reporter of the state supreme 
 court of New York ; and resides in Albany, N. Y. 
 
 830. Bartlett, Edward Theodore, associate-justice court of 
 appeals state of New York, was born June 14, 1841, in Skanea- 
 teles, N. Y. In 1868-94 he practiced law in New York city. 
 Since 1894 he has been an associate-justice of the court of 
 appeals for the state of New York; and resides in New York 
 city. 
 
 831. Haight, Albert, associate-justice state supreme court of 
 New York, was born Feb. 20, 1842, in Ellicottville, N. Y. In 
 1872 he became county judge of Erie county, N. Y. ; and in 
 1876-94 was justice of the supreme court. Since 1894 he has 
 been an associate justice of the state supreme court of appeals 
 for New York ; and resides in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 832. Vann, Irving Goodwin, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New York, was born Jan. 3, 1842, in Ulysses, N. Y. In 
 1863 he continued his education at the Trumansburg and the 
 Ithaca academies ; graduated from Yale college in 1863 ; and 
 from the Albany school in 1865. In 1879 he served as mayor of 
 Syracuse ; and in 1882-96 was justice of the supreme court. Since 
 1896 he has been associate-justice of the state supreme court of 
 appeals of New York for the term of 1896-1910; and resides in 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 833. Werner, William E., associate-justice state supreme 
 court of New York, was born April 19, 1855, in Buffalo,, N. Y. 
 In 1895-1900 he was justice of the supreme court; and since 
 1900 judge of court of appeals of New York. He is associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of appeals for New York; and 
 resides in Rochester N. Y. 
 
 834. Bartlett, Willard, justice supreme court of New York, 
 was born Oct. 14, 1846, in Uxbridge, Mass. In 1869-83 he prac- 
 ticed law. Since 1884 he has been justice of the supreme court 
 of New York for the second judicial district, his present term 
 ending in 1911 ; and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 835. Hiscock, Frank H., justice supreme court of New York, 
 was born April 16, 1856, in Tully, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Cornell university; and is a trustee of that institution. He is 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 619 
 
 justice of the supreme court of New York for the fifth district 
 for the term of 1907-11 ; and resides in Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 836. Chase, Emory A., justice supreme court of New York, 
 was born Aug. 31, 1854, in Hensonville, N. Y. He was educated 
 at Fort Edward collegiate institute ; and is a lawyer by profes- 
 sion. He has been supervisor of the town of Catskill, N. Y. ; 
 and for fourteen years a member and five years president of the 
 board of education of the city. In 1900-05 he was associate 
 justice in the appellate division third department of New York; 
 and since 1906 he has been associate judge court of appeals of 
 New York; and resides in Catskill, N. Y. 
 
 837. Clark, Walter, chief justice state supreme court of North 
 Carolina, was born Aug. 19, 1846, in Halifax county, N. C. He 
 was lieutenant-colonel in the confederate service. In 1885-89 he 
 was judge of the superior court of North Carolina. He is the 
 author of Annotated Code of Civil Procedure of North Carolina; 
 and compiled and edited sixteen volumes of North Carolina state 
 records for 1890-1906. In 1889-1902 he was associate-justice, and 
 since 1903 has been chief justice of the state supreme court of 
 North Carolina ; and resides in Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 838. Manning, James S., associate-justice state supreme court 
 of North Carolina; and resides in Durham, N. C. 
 
 839. Walker, Piatt Dickinson, associate-justice state supreme 
 court of North Carolina, was born Oct. 25, 1849, in Wilmington, 
 N. C. He was eduiated at the university of Virginia, and has 
 received the degrees of LL. B. and LL. D. In 1870 he began 
 the practice of law in Rockingham, N. C. ; and from 1876 in 
 Charlotte, N. C. In 1874-75 he was a member of the North 
 Carolina state legislature ; and in 1899 was first president of 
 the North Carolina bar association. Since 1902 he has been 
 associate-justice of the state supreme court of North Carolina, 
 and is now serving the term of 1902-10 ; and resides in Charlotte, 
 N. C. 
 
 810. Hoke, William Alexander, associate-justice state su- 
 preme court of North Carolina, was born Oct. 25, 1851,, in Lin- 
 colnton, N. C. In 1872-91 he practiced law in Shelby and Lin- 
 colnton, N. C. ; and in 1891-1904 was judge of the superior court 
 of North Carolina. He is associate-justice of the state supreme 
 court of North Carolina ; and resides in Lincolnton, N. C. 
 
 841. Brown, George H., associate justice state supreme court 
 of North Carolina, was born May 3, 1850, in Washington, N. C. 
 In 1889-1904 he was judge of the superior court of North Caro- 
 lina. Since 1905 he has been associate-justice of the state su- 
 
620 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 preme court of North Carolina for term ending 1913 ; and resides 
 in Washington, N. C. 
 
 842. Morgan, David E., chief justice state supreme court of 
 North Dakota, was born Nov. 8, 1849, in Coalport, Ohio. In 
 1885-1901 he was judge of the district court. Since 1901 he has 
 been judge of the supreme court of North Dakota. Since 1901 
 he has been chief justice state supreme court of North Dakota; 
 and resides in Devils Lake, N. D. 
 
 843. Spalding, Burleigh Folsom, associate-justice of the su- 
 preme court of North Dakota, was born Dec. 3, 1853, in Crafts- 
 bury, V.t. He received his education at the Lyndon Literary 
 institute, and the Norwich university. In 1882-84 he was super- 
 intendent of public instruction ; and in 1883-87 was a member of 
 the capital commission of Dakota territory to select a location 
 for the capital and construct buildings. In 1889 he was a mem- 
 ber of the constitutional convention of North Dakota, and served 
 on many important committees. He was a member of the joint 
 commission of North and South Dakota as provided for by con- 
 gress to divide property and archives of territory of Dakota 
 between the two new states. He took an active part in the 
 formation and organization of the new state; and has always 
 been active in all matters of public interest and pertaining to 
 public welfare. Since 1880 he has practiced law in Fargo, N. D., 
 and is one of the' foremost lawyers of the south. He was elected 
 to the fifty-sixth congress. He is now associate-justice of the 
 state supreme court of North Dakota for term of 1908-14; and 
 resides in Fargo, N. D. 
 
 844. Fisk, Charles J., associate-justice state supreme court of 
 North Dakota, was born March 11, 1862, in Whiteside county, 
 111. He has served as judge of the district court of the first 
 judicial district of North Dakota. He is an associate-justice of 
 the state supreme court of North Dakota; and resides in Grand 
 Fprks, N. D. 
 
 844a. Carmody, John, associate justice state supreme court 
 of North Dakota ; and resides in Hillsboro, N. D. 
 
 844b. Ellsworth, S. E., associate justice state supreme court 
 of North Dakota, was born Sept. 29, 1862, near Pittsburg, Pa. 
 He was educated in the public schools; and at the Northern 
 Indiana law school. He attained prominence at the bar; and 
 became president of the Bar association of North Dakota. In 
 1908 he became associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 North Dakota, is now serving his term ending in 1911; and 
 resides in Jamestown, N. D. 
 
 845. Spear, William T., associate justice state supreme court 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 621 
 
 of Ohio, was born June 3, 1834, in Warren, Ohio. In 1873-77 
 he was prosecuting attorney at Warren, Ohio. In 1878-85 he 
 was judge of the court of common pleas. Since 1885 he has 
 been associate justice of the state supreme court of Ohio, and is 
 now serving the term of 1900-1910; and resides in Warren, Ohio. 
 
 846. Davis, William Zephaniah, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Ohio, was born June 10, 1839, in Lloydsville, 
 Ohio. He served a short enlistment in the civil war in the 
 ninety-sixth, regiment Ohio volunteers. In 1864-1900 he prac- 
 ticed law in Marion, Ohio. He is associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Ohio for the term of 190-10 ; and resides in 
 Marion, Ohio. 
 
 847. Shauck. John Allen, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Ohio, was born March 26, 1851, in Ohio. In 1866 he graduated 
 from Otterbein university, receiving from that institution the de- 
 grees of A. M. and LL. D'. ; and graduated in law from the uni- 
 versity of Michigan. For ten years he was judge of the circuit 
 court of Ohio. Since 1895 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Ohio ; and resides in Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 848. Price, James L., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Ohio, was born March 27, 1840, in New Hagerstown, Ohio. He 
 was educated in the public schools ; and graduated from the high 
 school of New Hagerstown, Ohio. In 1862 he began the prac- 
 tice of law in Ohio; and in 1895-1901 was judge of the circuit 
 court of Ohio. Since 1901 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Ohio ; and resides in Lima, Ohio. 
 
 849. Crew, William Binford, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Ohio, was born April 1, 1852, in Morgan county, Ohio. 
 He was educated at Westown college; and in 1874 graduated 
 from the Ohio State and Union law school. In 1876 he became 
 prosecuting attorney of Morgan county, Ohio ; and in 1889 was 
 a representative in the Ohio state legislature. In 1891-1902 he 
 was judge of the court of common pleas for the eighth judicial 
 district of Ohio. Since 1902 he has been associate justice of 
 the state supreme court of Ohio; and resides in McConnellsville. 
 Ohio. 
 
 850. Summers, Augustus Neander, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Ohio, was born June 13th, 1856, in Shelby, Ohio. 
 He served three terms as city solicitor of Springfield, Ohio ; and 
 in 1894-1904 was judge of the circuit court for the second cir- 
 cuit of Ohio. Since 1904 he has been an associate justice of 
 the state supreme court of Ohio; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 851. Kane, Matthew J., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Oklahoma; and resides in Kingfisher, Okla. 
 
622 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 852. Hayes, Samuel, associate justice supreme court of Okla- 
 homa was born Sept. 17, 1875, in Huntsville, Ark. He was edu- 
 cated in public schools of Texas ; and at the university of Vir- 
 ginia. He attained success at the bar in Oklahoma ; was a dele- 
 gate to the constitutional convention of Oklahoma. He is now 
 serving his second term as associate justice of the supreme court 
 of Oklahoma, for term ending in 1915 ; and resides in Chickasha, 
 Okla. 
 
 853. Williams, R. L., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Oklahoma ; and resides in Durant, Okla. 
 
 854. Turner, John B., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Oklahoma ; and resides in Vinita, Okla. 
 
 855. Campbell, W. H. L., clerk state supreme court of Okla- 
 homa ; and resides in Guthrie, Okla. 
 
 856. Dunn, Jesse James, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Oklahoma, was born Oct. 2, 1867, in Channahon, 111. He was 
 educated in the public schools; in 1886-87 attended the Illinois 
 state normal school ; in 1891 graduated from Garden city busi- 
 ness college of Kansas ; and in 1893 received the degree of LL. 
 "R. from the university of Kansas. In 1893 he began the 
 practice of law; and in 1896-1900 was county attorney for Woods 
 countv Okla. In 1904 he was chairman of the democratic terri- 
 torial committee ; and in 1906 was chairman of the state demo- 
 cratic committee. He conducted the campaign for election of 
 delegates to the constitutional convention; and wrote the plat- 
 forms on which the campaign was waged. Since 1907 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Okla- 
 homa ; and resides in Alva. Okla. 
 
 857. Moore, Frank A., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Oreeon. Since 1903 he has been an associate iustice of the 
 state sunreme court of Oregon; and resides in Salem, Ore. 
 
 858. Bean, "Robert Sharp, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Oregon, was born Nov. 28. 1854, in Yamhill countv. 
 Ore. Tn 1882-90 he Avas circuit judge. Since 1890 he has been 
 associate iu=tice of the state sunreme court of Oregon, pnd is 
 now serving the term of 1900-1910; and resides in Salem. Ore. 
 
 859. Eakin, Robert, judge circuit court of Oregon, was born 
 March 15, 1848, in Elgin, 111. He was educated at Willamette 
 university; and is a lawyer bv profession. Since 1895 he has 
 been judge of the state circuit court for the tenth district of Ore- 
 gon ; and resides in La Grande, Ore. 
 
 860. Moschzisker, Robert Von, associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Pennsylvania, was born March 6, 1870, in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 623 
 
 Philadelphia. He attained success at the bar; became assistant 
 district attorney ; and served as judge of the court of common 
 pleas. In 1910 he became associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Pennsylvania ; is now serving his term ending in 1932 ; 
 and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 861. Schaffer, William I., reporter state supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania; and resides in Chester, Pa. 
 
 862. Fell, David Newlin, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Pennsylvania, was born Nov. 4, 1840, in Buckingham, Pa. He 
 served in one hundred and twenty-second Pennsylvania volun- 
 teers during the civil war. In 1876-94 he was judge of the court 
 of common pleas at Philadelphia, Pa. Since 1894 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Pennsylvania for 
 the term of 1900-1921 ; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 863. Brown, J. Hay, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania; and resides in Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 864. Mestrezat, Stephen Leslie, associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Pennsylvania, was born Feb. 19, 1848, in 
 Mapletown, Pa. In 1878-81 he was district attorney of Fayette 
 county, Pa.; and in 1893-99 he was judge of the fourteenth judi- 
 cial district of Pennsylvania. Since 1899 he has been an asso- 
 ciate justice of the state supreme court of Pennsylvania ; and in 
 1899 was re-elected for a term of twenty-one years ; and resides 
 in Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 865. Potter, William Plumber, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Pennsylvania, was born April 27, 1857, in Jackson 
 county, Iowa. Since 1900 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Pennsylvania for the term of 1900-1921 ; 
 and resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 867. Elkin, John P., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania, was born in 1860 in Indiana county, Pa. He was 
 educated in the Indiana normal school ; and taught in the public 
 schools of the county. In 1884 he graduated from the law de- 
 partment of the university of Michigan ; and in 1885 began the 
 practice of law in Indiana county, Pa. In 1884-88 he was a rep- 
 resentative in the Pennsylvania state legislature; and was a 
 delegate to several republican state conventions. In 1895 he was 
 appointed deputy attorney-general and in 1899 was appointed 
 attorney-general for Pennsylvania.. In 1902 he was a candidate 
 for governor of Pennsvlvania. He is president of the Farmers' 
 bank of Indiana. He is associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Pennsylvania ; and resides in Indiana. Pa. 
 
 868. Stewart, John, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania, was born Nov. 4, 1839, in Shippensburg, Pa. Ir>. 
 
624 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 1864 he was a delegate to the republican national convention ; 
 in 1872 was a member of the constitutional convention ; 1880-84 
 was a member of the Pennsylvania state senate. 1888 he has 
 been judge of the state supreme court of Pennsylvania ; In 1888- 
 1905 he was president judge of the thirty-ninth district ; and 
 since 1905 has been judge of the state supreme court of Penn- 
 sylvania ; and resides in Chambersburg, Pa. 
 
 . .868a. Elliott, Charles B., justice supreme court of Philippine 
 Islands, was born Jan. 6, 1861, in Morgan county, O. He was edu- 
 cated at Marietta college, the university of Minnesota and at the 
 state university of Iowa. He is a successful lawyer and jurist, is 
 noted legal author ; and in 1890-98 was professor of international 
 at the university of Minnesota. He has been judge of the muni- 
 cipal court of Minneapolis ; and in 1894-1905 he was judge of 
 the district court of Minnesota. He became justice of the state 
 supreme court of Minnesota for the term of 1905-09 ; and is now 
 justice supreme court of the Philippine islands ; and resides in 
 Manila, P. I. 
 
 869. Arellano, Cayetano, chief justice Philippine islands. Since 
 1900 he has been chief justice of the Philippine islands; and re- 
 sides in Manila, P. I. 
 
 870. Quinnones, Jose Severs, chief justice supreme court of 
 Porto Rico, was born in 1839 in San Juan, Porto Rico. He was 
 president of the former supreme court of Porto Rico under the 
 United States military government. Since 1900 he has been chief 
 justice of the state supreme court of Porto Rico; and resides in 
 San Juan, P. R. 
 
 871. Sweetland, William H., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Rhode Island ; and resides in Providence, R. I. 
 
 872. DuBois, Edward Church, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Rhode Island, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 12, 1848, 
 in London, England. In 1894-97 he was attorney general of 
 Rhode Island. Since 1899 he has been associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Rhode Island for the term of 1899-1910 ; 
 and resides in East Providence, R. I. 
 
 873. Blodgett, John Taggard, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Rhode Island, was born May 16, 1859, in Belmont, Mass. 
 He graduated from Brown university, and in 1880 received the 
 degree of A. M. from that institution of learning. In 1883 he 
 began the practice of law. In 1890 he was United States com- 
 missioner for the district of Rhode Island ; and in 1892 was 
 United States chief supervisor of elections. In 1895-1900 he was 
 a representative in the Rhode Island state legislature. Since 1900 
 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Rhode 
 Island ; and resides in Providence, R. I. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 625 
 
 874. Johnson, Clarke Howard, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Rhode Island, was born Nov. 18, 1851, in Foster, R. I. 
 In 1879-80 and 1890-1902 he was a representative in the Rhode 
 Island state legislature ; and in 1886-1903 was district judge. He 
 is associate justice of the state supreme court of Rhode Island 
 for the term of 1903-10 ; and resides in Foster, R. I. 
 
 875. Parkhurst, Christopher Francis, associate justice state 
 supreme court of Rhode Island, was born Sept. 17, 1854, in 
 Providence, R. I. He was educated in the public schools of 
 his native city; and in 1876 graduated from Brown university. 
 He soon attained success in the practice of law ; in 1892-95 was 
 a member of the Providence common council; and in 1900-02 
 was a member of the Rhode Island state senate. Since 1905 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Rhode 
 Island, a life position ; and resides in Providence, R. I. 
 
 876. Hydrick, D. E., associate justice state supreme court of 
 South Carolina ; and resides in Spartanburg, S. C. 
 
 877. Jones, Ira B., associate justice state supreme court of 
 South Carolina, was born Dec. 29, 1851, in Newberry, S. C. In 
 1890 he was elected a member of the South Carolina state legis- 
 lature, and became speaker of the house. He received the re- 
 election in 1892 and 1894. Since 1896 he has been associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of South Carolina, and is now 
 serving the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Columbia, S. C. 
 
 878. Gary, Eugene Blackburn, associate justice state supreme 
 court of South Carolina, was born Aug. 22, 1854, in Cokesburg, 
 S. C. In 1889 he was a member of the South Carolina legis- 
 lature ; 1890-93 was lieutenant governor of South Carolina. Since 
 1893 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 South Carolina ; and resides in Abbeville, S. C. 
 
 879. Woods, Charles Albert, associate justice state supreme 
 court of South Carolina, was born July 31, 1852, in Darlington, 
 S. C. He was educated at Wofford college ; and is a lawyer by 
 profession. Since 1903 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of South Carolina ; and resides in Marion, S. C. 
 
 880. Corson, Dighton, chief justice state supreme court of 
 South Dakota, was born in Somerset county, Maine. He re- 
 ceived an academic education at Waterville, Maine. He prac- 
 ticed law in Wisconsin ; was district attorney for Storey county, 
 Nev. ; and then removed to Dakota. In 1885 and in 1889 he was 
 a member of the state constitutional conventions of South 
 Dakota ; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. 
 Since 1889 he has been associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of South Dakota ; and resides in Deadwood, S. D. 
 
626 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 881. Haney, Dick, associate justice state supreme court of 
 South Dakota, jurist was born Nov. 10, 1852, in Lansing, Iowa. 
 He was judge of the circuit court of South Dakota from its ad- 
 mission to the union to 1896. Since 1899 he has been associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of South Dakota and is now 
 serving the term ending in 1913 ; and resides in Pierre, S. D. 
 
 882. Whiting, Charles S., associate justice state supreme 
 court of South Dakota, was born May 25, 1863, in Olmsted 
 county, Minn. He was educated in the Michigan state univer- 
 sity; and graduated from the law department of the Minnesota 
 state university. He has been prosecuting attorney of Kings- 
 bury county, S. D. ; and circuit judge for the ninth circuit of 
 South Dakota. He is now associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of South Dakota, for the term of 1908-13 ; and resides in 
 Pierre, S. D. 
 
 882a. Smith, Ellison B., associate justice state supreme court 
 of South Dakota ; and resides in Yankton, S. D. 
 
 833b. McCoy, J. H., associate justice state supreme court of 
 South Dakota; and resides in Aberdeen, S. D. 
 
 883. Beard, William D., chief justice supreme court of Ten- 
 nessee. He is chief justice of the state supreme court of Ten- 
 nessee for the term of 1903-10 ; and resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 884. McAlister, William King, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Tennessee, was born July 4, 1850, in Nashville, Tenn. 
 In 1859 he graduated with the degree of B. A. from Bethany col- 
 lege of West Virginia ; and in 1871 with the degree of LL. B. 
 from the law department of the university of Nashville. In 1874- 
 83 he was city attorney of Nashville, Tenn. ; and in 1886-93 was 
 judge of the circuit court for Davidson county, Tenn. Since 
 1893 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 Tennessee, and is now serving his second term of 1902-10 ; and 
 resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 885. Neil, M. M„ associate justice state supreme court of 
 Tennessee. Since 1902 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Tennessee ; and resides in Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 886. Shields, John K., associate justcie state supreme court of 
 Tennessee, was born Aug. 15, 1858, in Clinchdale, Tenn. He was 
 educated in the public and private schools of his native state; 
 studied law in his father's office, Judge James T. Shields; and 
 in 1879 was admitted to the bar. In 1892-94 he was chancellor 
 for the twelfth chancery division of Tennessee. Since 1902 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Tennes- 
 see for the eight-year term of 1902-10 ; and resides in Clinchdale, 
 Tenn. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 627 
 
 887. Bell, B. D., associate justice state supreme court of Ten- 
 nessee ; and resides in Gallatin, Tenn. 
 
 885. Gaines, Reuben Reid, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Texas, was born Oct. 30, 1836, in Sumter county, Ala. He 
 practiced law in Texas until 1876. In 1877-85 he was judge of 
 the sixth judicial district of Texas. In 1885-94 was associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of Texas. He is chief justice 
 of the state supreme court of Texas for the term of 1894-1912 ; 
 and resides in Austin, Tex. 
 
 889. Williams, Frank A., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Texas. Since 1905 he has been an associate justice of the 
 sf ate supreme court of Texas ; and resides in Austin, Texas. 
 
 890. Brown, Thomas Jefferson, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Texas, was born July 24, 1836, in Jasper county, Ga. 
 In 1888-92 he was a member of the Texas legislature ; and judge 
 of the state district court in 1892-93. Since 1893 he has been 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Texas, and is now 
 serving the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Sherman, Tex. 
 
 891. McCarty, William Murdock, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Utah, was born May 15, 1859, in Alpine, Utah. 
 In 1889 he was United States district attorney ; and in 1892-95 
 was countv attorney. In 1900-02 he was district judge. He is 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Utah for the term 
 of 1902-10; and resides in Richfield, Utah. 
 
 892. Frick, Joseph E., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Utah ; and resides in Salt Lake city, Utah. 
 
 893. Straup, Daniel N., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Utah. Since 1904 he has been an associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Utah ; and resides in Salt Lake city, Utah 
 
 894. Irvine, A. B., reporter state supreme court of Utah ; 
 and resides in Salt Lake city, Utah. 
 
 895. Rowell, John W., chief justice state supreme court of 
 Vermont, was born June 9, 1835, in Lebanon, N. H. He re- 
 ceived an academic education at Randolph, Vt. ; and in 1893 the 
 university of Vermont conferred upon him the honorary degree 
 of LL. D. In 1858 he began the practice of law ; and in 1862-63 
 was states attorney for Orange county, Vt. In 1861-62 he was 
 a representative in the Vermont state legislature ; and in 1874-75 
 was a member of the Vermont state senate. In 1872-80 he was 
 reporter of decisions of the state supreme court of Vermont. 
 Since 1892 he has been a justice of the state supreme court of 
 Vermont, and chief-justice since 1902; and resides in Randolph. 
 Vt. 
 
 8W. Haselton, Seneca, associate justice state supreme court 
 
628 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 of Vermont, was born Feb. 26, 1848, in Westfield, Vt. In 1871 
 he graduated from the university of Vermont; in 1875 gradu- 
 ated from the law department of the university of Michigan ; and 
 has received the degree of A. M. In 1875 he began the practice 
 of law; in 1886 he was a representative in the Vermont state 
 legislature ; and in 1891-94 was mayor of Burlington, Vt. In 
 1894-95 he was United States minister to Venezuela ; and in 1900 
 was democratic candidate from Vermont for United States sen- 
 ator. For several years he was reporter of decisions of the state 
 supreme court of Vermont ; and edited volumes seventy-two 
 and seventy-three of the Vermont Reports. He is serving a 
 second term as an associate justice of the state supreme court 
 of Vermont. He has been chief superior judge and chancellor; 
 and resides in Burlington, Vt. 
 
 897. Munson, Loveland, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Vermont, was born July 21, 1843, in Manchester, Vt. He was 
 a member of the constitutional convention of 1870 ; of the house 
 of representatives in 1872, 1874 and 1882 ; and a member of the 
 state senate in 1878. He was register of probate in 1866-76 ; and 
 a judge of probate in 1883-89. Since 1899 he has been associate 
 justice of the state supreme court of Vermont, and is now serv- 
 ing the term of 1900-1910; and resides in Manchester, Vt. 
 
 898. Watson, John Henry, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Vermont, was born May 12, 1851, in Jamaica, Vt. Since 
 1899 he has been judge of the supreme court of Vermont. He 
 is associate justice of the state supreme court of Vermont for 
 the term of 1900-1910 ; and resides in Montpelier, Vt. 
 
 898a. Powers, George McClellan, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Vermont, was born Dec. 19, 1861, in Hyde Park, 
 Vt. In 1886-88 he was states attorney ; and also a member of 
 the Vermont house or representatives. Since 1904 he has been 
 an associate justice of the state supreme court of Vermont ; and 
 resides in Morrisville, Vt. 
 
 899. Keith, James, chief justice state supreme court of Vir- 
 ginia, was born Sept. l; 1839, in Fauquier county, Va. He prac- 
 ticed law in Warrington, Va. ; and in 1870 became a judge. He 
 is chief iustice of the state supreme court of appeals of Virginia 
 for the term of 1900-10 ; and resides in Richmond, Va. 
 
 900. Harrison, George M., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Virginia. He is associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of appeals of Virginia for the term of 1907-19 ; and resides 
 in Staunton, Va. 
 
 901. Buchanan, John Alexander, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Virginia, was born Oct. 7, 1843, in Smyth county, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 629 
 
 Va. He served as a private in the Stonewall brigade, confeder- 
 ate army; was taken prisoner at Gettysburg in 1863, and re- 
 mained in prison until 1865. He was a member of the house of 
 delegates of Virginia from 1885 until 1887; and was elected to 
 the fifty-first and fifty-second congresses as a democrat. He is 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Virginia for the 
 term of 1900-1910; and resides in Abingdon, Va. 
 
 902. Cardwell, Richard Henry, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Virginia, was born in Madison, N. C, Aug. 1, 1846. 
 He entered the confederate army in 1863, serving until close of 
 war. Since 1869 he has practiced law in Hanover, Va. ; and in 
 1887-94 was a member of the Virginia legislature. Since 1895 
 he has been judge of the supreme court of Virginia. He is asso- 
 ciate justice of the state supreme court of appeals of Virginia; 
 and resides in Richmond, Va. 
 
 903. Whittle, Stafford G., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Virginia. Since 1905 he has been an associate justice 
 of the state supreme court of Virginia ; and resides in Richmond, 
 Va. 
 
 904. Chadwick, S. J., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington; and resides in Colfax, Wash. 
 
 905. Mount, Wallace, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington, was born Jan. 16, 1859, in Clakamas county, 
 Ore. In 1888-89 he was prosecuting attorney; and in 1889-96 
 was judge of the superior court. In 1899 he was a representative 
 in the Washington state legislature. He was associate justice 
 of the state supreme court of Washington for the term of 1901- 
 08; in 1908 was re-elected; and resides in Spokane, Wash. 
 
 906. Dunbar, Ralph O.,, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington, was born April 26, 1845, in Schuyler county, 
 111. He has been city attorney for Goldendale, Wash., for sev- 
 eral terms and prosecuting attorney for his district. In 1885 he 
 was speaker of the territorial house. In 1889 he was elected 
 supreme judge; in 1893 he was chosen chief justice, and in 1894 
 was again re-elected to the supreme bench for a six-year term. 
 He is associate justice of the state supreme court of Washing- 
 ton ; and resides in Olympia, Wash. 
 
 907. Fullerton, Mark A., chief justice state supreme court 
 of Washington, was born Nov. 13, 1858, in Salem, Ore. He 
 was educated in the public schols of Oregon ; and in 1874-78 
 attended Willamette university. In 1883 he began the practice 
 of law in Colfax, Wash. Since 1898 he has been justice of the 
 state supreme court of Washington, and since 1903 chief jus- 
 tice; and resides in Olympia, Wash. 
 
630 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 908. Morris, George E., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington; and resides in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 909. Rudkin, Frank H., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington. He was associate justice of the state supreme 
 court of Washington for the term of 1902-08; in 1908 was re- 
 elected and resides in North Yakima, Wash. 
 
 910. Crow, Herman D., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Washington, was born in 1851. He is associate justice of the 
 state supreme court of Washington for the term of 1908-14 ; and 
 resides in Spokane, Wash. 
 
 910A. Parker, Emmett N., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Washington; and resides in Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 910B. Gose, M. F., associate justice state supreme court of 
 Washington; and resides in Pomeroy, Wash. 
 
 911. Brannon, Henry, associate justice state superior court 
 of appeals of West Virginia, was born Nov. 26, 1837, in Win- 
 chester, Va. In 1857 he graduated from the university of Vir- 
 ginia. In 1859-81 he practiced law in West Virginia ; was prose- 
 cuting attorney of Lewis county in 1860-64 ; and in 1870-71 was 
 a representative in the West Virginia state legislature. In 1880- 
 88 he was circuit judge. He is the author of Treatise on Rights 
 and Privileges Under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United 
 State Constitution. Since 1888 he has been associate justice of 
 the state supreme court of West Virginia; and resides in Wes- 
 ton, W. Va. 
 
 912. Miller, William N., associate justice state supreme court 
 of West Virginia; and resides in Parkersburg, W. Va. 
 
 913. Poffenbarger, George W., associate justice state supreme 
 court of West Virginia, was born Nov. 24, 1861, in Mason county, 
 W. Va. In 1862 he graduated from the Rio Grande college of 
 Ohio. In 1880-87 he taught in the public schools of Mason 
 county, W. Va. ; and in 1889-92 was sheriff of that county. Since 
 1901 he has been judge of the state supreme court of appeals 
 of West Virginia for term ending in 1912 ; and resides in Point 
 Pleasant, W. Va. 
 
 914. 'Robinson, Ira E., judge supreme court of appeals of 
 West Virginia, was born in 1870 in Taylor county, W. Va. He 
 was educated at the West Virginia state normal school. He 
 has been prosecuting attorney of Taylor county, W. Va.; and 
 served as a member of the West Virginia state senate. Since 
 1907 he has been judge of the supreme court of appeals of West 
 Virginia for term of 1907-16 ; and resides in Grafton, W. Va. 
 
 915. Williams, L. Judson, associate justice state supreme 
 court of West Virginia ; and resides in Lewisburg, W. Va. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 631 
 
 9916. Timlin, William Henry, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Wisconsin, was born May 28, 1852, in Mequon, Wis. 
 In 1877 he began the practice of law in Kewaunee, Wis. In 
 1877 he began the practice of law in Kawaunee, Wis. He is 
 associate of the state supreme court of Wisconsin for the term 
 of 1906-17; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 917. Winslow, John Bradley, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Wisconsin, was born Oct. 4, 1851, in Livingston county, 
 N. Y. In 1871 he graduated from the Racine college of Wis- 
 consin; and in 1875 graduated from the law department of the 
 university of Wisconsin. In 1883-91 he was circuit judge of the 
 first judicial circuit. In 1889 he was special lecturer on crim- 
 inal practice in the college of law of the university of Wiscon- 
 sin. Since 1891 he has been associate justice of the c tate su- 
 preme court of Wisconsin ; and resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 918. Marshall, Roujet De Lisle, associate justice state su- 
 preme court of Wisconsin, was born Dec. 26, 1847, in Nashua, 
 N. H. He was educated in the Wisconsin, the Collegiate Insti- 
 tute of Baraboo, and Lawrence university. He was born to city 
 life, came to manhood on a Wisconsin farm, and in 1873 entered 
 the profession of law in Chippewa Falls and achieved promi- 
 nence at the bar. For over a quarter of a century he has occu- 
 pied judicial positions. In 1876-83 he was county judge in Wis- 
 consin; and in 1888-95 was circuit judge. Since 1895 he has 
 been associate justice of the supreme court of Wisconsin, re- 
 ceiving twice the re-election without contest, his present term 
 expiring in 1908. His paternal ancestor was Thomas Marshall, 
 who settled in Boston from England in 1635. Since 1895 he 
 has been associate justice of the state supreme court of Wis- 
 consin; and resides in Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
 
 919. Dodge, Joshua Eric, associate justice state supreme 
 court of Wisconsin, was born Oct. 25, 1854, in Arlington, Mass. 
 In 1891-92 he was a member of the Wisconsin legislature; and 
 in 1894-97 was attorney general of the United States. He is 
 associate justice of the state supreme court of Wisconsin for 
 the term of 1902-12 ; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 920. Kerwin, James C, associate justice state supreme court 
 of Wisconsin, was born May 4, 1850, in Menasha, Wis. In 1875- 
 1905 he practiced law in Neenah and Milwaukee, Wis. Since 
 1905 he has been associate justice of the state supreme court of 
 the state of Wisconsin for the term ending in 1915 ; and resides 
 in Neenah, Wis. 
 
 921. Siebecker, Robert G., associate justice state supreme 
 court of Wisconsin, was born Oct. 17, 1854, in Sauk county, 
 
632 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Wis. For several years he was city attorney of Madison, Wis. ; 
 and in 1890-1903 was circuit judge. He is associate justice of 
 the state supreme court of Wisconsin for the term of 1904-10; 
 and resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 921A. Barnes, John, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Wisconsin; and resides in Madison, Wis. 
 
 922. Beard, Cyrus, associate justice state supreme court of 
 Wyoming, was born Aug. 13, 1850, in Venango county, Pa. In 
 1874 he graduated with the degree of LL. B. from the Iowa state 
 university ; and soon attained success in the practice of law. He 
 is associate justice of the state supreme court of Wyoming for 
 the term of 1905-13 ; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 923. Scott, Richard H., associate justice state supreme court 
 of Wyoming; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 924. Potter, Charles Nelson, chief justice state supreme court 
 of Wyoming, was born Oct. 31, 1852, in Cooperstown, N. Y. 
 For four years he was attorney general of Wyoming. In 1889 
 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention at 
 Wyoming. Since 1894 he has been associate justice of the state 
 supreme court of Wyoming; became chief justice and is now 
 serving the term ©nding in 1911 ; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 633 
 
 EXECUTIVE 
 
 948. Comer, Braxton Bragg, governor of the state of Alabama, 
 was born Nov. 7, 1848, at Spring Hill, Ala. He studied at the 
 university of Alabama and in 1867 entered the university of 
 Georgia. In 1885 he became a member of the firm of Trapp and 
 Comer, wholesale merchants of Anniston, Ala.; and five years 
 later became a resident of Birmingham, Ala. He was there made 
 president of the City national bank; and also became president 
 of the center cotton mills of Cylacauga. In 1907 he became 
 governor of the state of Alabama for a four year term endine 
 
 1911. S 
 
 949. Hoggatt, Wilford Bacon, governor of Alaska territory, 
 was born Sept. 11, 1865, in Paoli, Ind. In 1884-98 he was a naval 
 officer; and since 1899 has been a mining engineer. In 1906 
 he was appointed governor of Alaska for the term ending in 
 
 1912. s 
 
 950. Kibbey, Joseph H., governor of the territory of Arizona, 
 was born March 4, 1853, in Centreville, Ind. He received a 
 thorough education; and soon aetained success at the bar. He 
 has been a member of the territorial legislative council ; attorney- 
 general of Arizona; and associate justice of the supreme court 
 of Arizona. Since 1905 he has been governor of the territory of 
 Arizona; and resides in Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
 951. Donoghey, G. W., governor of Arkansas, was born in 
 Arkansas. He has filled numerous offices of trust and honor. 
 He is now governor of the state of Arkansas for the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 952. Gillett, James Norris, governor of the state of Califor- 
 nia, was born Sept. 20, 1860, in Viroqua, Vernon county, Wis. 
 At the age of five years he moved with his parents to Sparta, 
 Wis., where he attended the grammar and high schools. In 
 1889 he was city attorney for the city o f Eureka, Cal. ; and served 
 in the state senate during the sessions of 1897 and 1899, and was 
 chairman of the judiciary committee. He was a member of the 
 fifty-eighth congress. He was re-elected to the fifty-ninth con- 
 gress from the first district of California for the term of 1905-07. 
 In 1907 he became governor of the state of California for the 
 term ending in 1911 ; and resides in Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 953. Shafroth, John F., governor of the state of Colorado, 
 was born June 9, 1854, in Fayette, Mo. Until 1879 he practiced 
 
634 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 law at Fayette, Mo.; when he removed to Denver, Col., where 
 he has ever since pursued his profession. In 1887 he was elected 
 city attorney of Denver, and was re-elected to the same posi- 
 tion in 1889. He was elected to the fifty-fourth congress as a 
 republican, and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a silver 
 republican. He is now governor of the state of Colorado for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Denver, Col. 
 
 954. Lilley, G .F., governor of Connecticut, was born Aug. 
 3, 1859, in Oxford, Mass. In 1891 he was a member representa- 
 tive in the Connecticut state legislature. He was a member of 
 the fifty-eighth and a member of the fifty-ninth congress at large 
 as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress 
 from Connecticut for the term of 1907-09. He is governor of the 
 state of Connecticut for the term of 1909-11; and resides in 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 955. Pennewill, Simeon S., governor of the state of Dela- 
 ware, was born in Sussex county, Del. He is prominently iden- 
 tified with the public and business affairs of Delaware. He is 
 governor of the state of Delaware for the term of 1909-13 ; and 
 resides in Dover, Del. 
 
 957. Gilchrist, A. W., governor of the state of Florida, was 
 born in 1858 in Greenwood, S. C. He was educated in the acad- 
 emy of Quincy, Fla. ; attended the Thompson academy of Co- 
 lumbia, S. C; studied in the Carolina military institute at 
 Charleston ; and graduated from the United States military acad- 
 emy at West Point. In 1893, 1895, 1903 and 1905 he was a rep- 
 resentative in the Florida state legislature; and in 1905 was 
 speaker of the house. In 1882-89 he was inspector general of 
 Florida; was appointed brigadier-general of Florida; and re- 
 signed during the Spanish American war and went later to the 
 service as a private. He served in Cuba in the third regiment 
 United States volunteer infantry ; and was mustered out of the 
 service with the rank of captain. In 1909 he was inaugurated 
 governor of Florida. 
 
 958. Brown, Joseph M., governor of the state of Georgia, 
 was born in Georgia. He is governor of the state of Georgia for 
 the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Frear, Walter Francis, governor of Hawaii territory, was born 
 Oct. 29, 1863, in Grass Valley, Cal. In 1885 he graduated from 
 Yale university; and in 1890 from Yale law school. He soon 
 acquired success in the practice of law. In 1893 he became 
 judge of the first circuit court of Hawaii; and three months 
 later became associate justice of the supreme court for the terri- 
 tory of Hawaii. In 1898 he was a member of the commission to 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 63* 
 
 recommend to congress legislation concerning Hawaii; and in 
 1903-05 was chairman of the Hawaiian code commission. In 
 1893 he became an associate justice; also served as chief justice 
 of the supreme court for the territory of Hawaii. He is governor 
 of Hawaii territory for the term of 1907-11 ; and resides in Hono- 
 lulu, H. T. 
 
 960. Brady, James H., governor o the state of Idaho. He is 
 governor of the state of Idaho for the term of 1909-11; and re- 
 sides in Boise, Idaho. 
 
 961. Deneen, Charles Samuel, governor of the state of Illin- 
 ois, was born May 4, 1863, in Edwardsville, 111. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Lebanon, 111. ; and in 1882 gradu- 
 ated from the classical department of McKendree college. Fpr 
 three years he taught school ; then studied law and was admitted 
 to the bar. In 1892 he was elected a representative to the Illin- 
 ois state legislature; and in 1895-96 served one term as attor- 
 ney for the sanitary district of Chicago. In 1896-1904 he was 
 state's attoney for Cook county, 111. He is governor of the state 
 of Illinois for the terms of 1905-09 and 1909-13 ; and resides in 
 Springfield, 111. 
 
 962. Marshall, T. R., governor of the state of Indiana, was 
 born March 14, 1854, in North Manchester, Ind. He graduated 
 from the Wabash college ; and has received the degrees of A. B. ; 
 A. M. and LL. D. from that institution of learning. He attained 
 eminence at the bar of Indiana. He is now governor of the 
 state of Indiana for the term of 1903-13 ; and resides in Indianap- 
 olis, Ind. 
 
 963. Carroll, Beryl Frank, governor of the state of Iowa, was 
 born March 15, 1860, in Davis county, Iowa. He was educated in 
 the public schools of his native state; attended the college at 
 Bloomfield ; and graduated from the Missouri state normal school 
 at Kirksville. He is prominently identified with the republican 
 party ; and in 1892 was district elector from the sixth district. In 
 1895-99 he was a member of the Iowa state senate ; and served 
 on numerous important committees. In 1902-09 he was auditor 
 of the state of Iowa. He is governor of the state of Iowa, for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Des Moines ; Iowa. 
 
 964. Stubbs, W. R., governor of Kansas. He was chairman 
 of the Kansas republican state committee for the term of 1904- 
 08. He is governor of the state of Kansas for the term of 1909- 
 11; and resides in Topeka, Kan. 
 
 965. Willson, Augustus E., governor of the state of Kentucky, 
 was born Oct. 13, 1846, in Maysville, Ky. He graduated from 
 Harvard college; and received the degrees of A. B., A. B. and 
 
636 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 LL. D. from that institution of learning. In 1875-76 he was 
 chief clerk in the United States treasury department. In 1897 
 he was judge advocate general on the staff of Governor W. O. 
 Bradley. In 1907 he was elected governor of the state of Ken- 
 tucky for the term of 1907-11 ; and resides in Frankfort, Ky. 
 
 966. Sanders, Jared Y., governor of the state of Louisiana. 
 He was lieutenant governor of the state of Louisiana for the term 
 of 1905-08 ; is now governor of that state for the term of 1908- . 
 1912; and resides in Baton Rouge, La. 
 
 967. Fernald, Bert M., governor of the state of Maine, was 
 born April 3, 1858, in Poland. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools of Poland. He is prominently identified with the 
 business and public affairs of New England; and served as a 
 member of the Maine state senate. While in the state senate 
 he served on several important committees; and secured the 
 passage of several important laws. In 1909-11 he was governor 
 of Maine; and resides in Augusta, Maine. 
 
 968. Crothers, Austin L., governor of the state of Maryland, 
 was born in Maryland. He is governor of the state of Maryland 
 for the term of 1908-12 ; and resides in Annapolis, Md. 
 
 969. Draper, E. S., governor of Massachusetts, was born 
 June 17, 1858, in Hopedale, Mass. He was educated in Allen's 
 school of West Hopedale at Newton, Mass., and the Massachu- 
 setts Institute of Techonlogy. In 1898, through the Massachusetts 
 volunteer aid association, he raised two hundred thousand 
 dollars for the hospital ship Bay State in the Spanish-American 
 war. In 1900 he was a republican presidential elector. In 1909- 
 10 he was governor of Massachusetts; and resides in Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 970. Warner, Fred Maltby, governor of the state of Michigan, 
 was born July 21, 1865, in England. In 1889 he established a 
 large cheese factory at Farmington, Mich.; and now operates 
 seven factories. In 1895-98 he was a member of the Michigan 
 state senate; and in 1900-04 was secretary of state. He is gov- 
 ernor of the state of Michigan; and is now serving the term of 
 1909-11; and resides in Farmington, Mich. 
 
 971. Johnson, John A., governor of the state of Minnesota, 
 was born July 28, 1861, in St. Peter, Minn. He is editor of the 
 Herald of St. Peter, Minn. He has been captain in the Minne- 
 sota national guard; and served with distinction as a member 
 of the Minnesota state senate. He is governor of the state of 
 Minnesota for the terms of 1907-09; and 1909-11; and resides 
 in St. Peter, Minn. 
 
 972. Noel, Edmund F., governor of Mississippi, was born 
 March 4, 1856, near Lexington, Miss. During 1882-84 he was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 637 
 
 a member of the Mississippi state legislature; and in 1896 he 
 was elected a member of the state senate for fow "years. He 
 practiced law in Lexington, Miss., and during 1887-91 served 
 with distinction as district attorney. He is governor of the state 
 of Mississippi for the term of 1908-12; and resides in Lexington. 
 
 973 Hadley, Herbert S., governor of the state of Missouri, 
 was born Feb. 20, 1872, in Olathe, Kan. He was educated in the 
 public schools and colleges of Kansas and Missouri; and has 
 attained prominence as one of the foremost lawyers of Missouri. 
 For many years he was prosecuting attorney for Jackson county, 
 Mo • was assistant attorney and counselor of Kansas city, Mo; 
 and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. In 
 1905-09 he was attorney general for the state of Missouri. He 
 is a prominent member of the republican party; a * d T ha * f^™* 
 various county; state and national conventions. In 1909-1 I he 
 served as governor of the state of Missouri ; and resides in Jeffer- 
 
 5 °974 ty Norris, Edwin Lee, governor of the state of Montana, 
 was born Aug. 15, 1865, in Cumberland county, Ky. He gradu- 
 ated from the southern normal school of Kentucky. He is a 
 successful lawver; and has been a member of the Montana 
 state senate. In 1905-08 he was lieutenant-governor of the state 
 of Montana; and is now governor of Montana, for term of 1909- 
 13 • and resides in Dillon, Mont. 
 
 975. Shallenberger, Ashton C, governor of the state of Ne- 
 braska, was born in 1862 in Toulon, 111. He moved to Nebraska 
 in 1881 • and in 1887 engaged in banking and stock-growing in 
 Alma Neb In 1901-03 he was a democratic representative from 
 Nebraska to the nftv-seventh congress. He was mayor of the 
 citv of Alma for the term of 1906-07. He is governor of the state 
 of Nebraska for the terrri of 1909-11 ; and resides m Alma^ Neb. 
 
 976. Sparks. Tohn, governor of the state of Nevada He has 
 been governor of the state of Nevada for the terms of 1903-07 
 and 1907-11 ; and resides in Carson city, Nev. 
 
 977 Quinby, Henry B., governor of the state of New Hamp- 
 shire, was born in New Hampshire. He is governor of the state 
 of New Hampshire for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Con- 
 
 C °978. Fort, Tohn Franklin, governor of the state of New Jer- 
 sey, was born March 20. 1852. in Pemberton. N. T. In 187S-86 
 he was iudee of the district court of Newark. N. J. In 1WMM900 
 he was presiding judge common pleas of Essex county N. T He 
 was associate iustice of the state supreme court of New Jer- 
 
638 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 sey for the term of 1901-1908. He is governor of the state of 
 New Jersey for the term of 1908-11; and resides in Trenton, 
 N.J. 
 
 •79. Curry, George, governor of New Mexico territory, was 
 born April 3, 1863, in Bayou Sara, La. In 1875 he moved to 
 Dodge city; and in 1879 settled in Lincoln county, N. M. In 
 1882 he became manager of a wholesale and retail business ; and 
 was treasurer, assessor and sheriff of his county. In 1894 he 
 became a member of the territorial senate ; and was made presi- 
 dent of the senate. During the Spanish-American war he duly 
 served as first lieutenant in the rough riders ; and was promoted 
 to a captaincy. He joined the United States cavalry ; was quar- 
 termaster; subsequently was in command of the regimental 
 scouts of the eleventh cavalry ; and had command of the advance 
 guard at the battle of San Mateo, where General Lawton was 
 killed. In 1901 he was appointed first civil governor of the pro- 
 vince of Ambos Camarines; became chief of police of the city 
 of Manila; in 1904-05 was governor of the province of Isabels; 
 and was then made governor of Samar. In 1907 he became gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico ; and resides in Santa Fe, N. M. 
 
 980. Hughes, Charles Evan, governor of the state of New 
 York, was born at Glens Falls, N. Y., April 11, 1862 ; graduate of 
 Brown university and Columbia law school ; admitted to the 
 bar in 1884 and practiced law in New York city ; and was attor- 
 ney for the Armstrong legislative committee investigating life 
 insurance frauds in 1905. He was elected governor of New York 
 in 1906 ; is now serving the term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Al- 
 bany, N. Y. 
 
 981. Kitchin, William Walton, governor of the state of North 
 Carolina, was born Oct. 9, 1866, near Scotland Neck, N. C. He 
 was educated at Vine Hill academy and Wake Forest college, 
 where he graduated in 1884. He edited the Scotland Neck 
 Democrat in 1885. After studying law, first under his father. 
 Hon. W. H. Kitchin, and then at the university of North Caro- 
 lina, he was admitted to the bar in 1887. He located at Rox- 
 boro in 1888, where he still practices his profession. He was 
 chairman of the county executive committee in 1890. He was 
 a member of the fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fiftv-eig-fith 
 and fifty-ninth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to 
 the sixtieth congress from the fifth district of North Carolina 
 for the term of 1907-09. He is governor of the state of North 
 Carolina for the term of 1909-13 ; and resides in Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 982. Burke, John, governor of the state of North Dakota 
 was born Fleb. 25, 1859, in Keokuk county, Iowa. In 1886-88 he 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 639 
 
 practiced law in Des Moines, Iowa. He removed to North Da- 
 kota in 1888 ; in 1891-93 was a member of the North Dakota house 
 of representatives ; and in 1893-95 was a state senator. In 1907- 
 he became governor of North Dakota; and resides in Bismarck, 
 N. D. 
 
 983. Harmon, Judson, governor of the state of Ohio, was born 
 Feb. 3, 1846, in Hamilton county, Ohio. In 1878 he was elected 
 judge of the superior court of Cincinnati, and was re-elected in 
 1883. In 187 he resigned to resume the practice of law; and in 
 1895-07 he was attorney general. In 1909 he became governor of 
 Ohio; and resides in Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 984. Haskell, Charles N., governor of the state of Oklahoma, 
 was born in 1860 in Putnam county, Ohio. In 1881 he began the 
 practice of law in Ottawa, Ohio. In 1888 he became engaged in 
 railroad building and other construction work. In 1901 he built 
 many lines of railroads in Muskogee, I. T. He was a member of 
 the Oklahoma constitutional convention. In 1906 he was elected 
 the first governor of Oklahoma for the term ending in 1912 ; and 
 resides in Guthrie, Okla. 
 
 985. Benson, Frank W., governor of the state of Oregon, was 
 born March 20, 1858, in San Jose, Cal. He was educated in 
 the public schools and at the university of the Pacific. He 
 practiced law for many years ; was county school superintendent 
 for Douglas county, Ore. ; and county clerk of that county. 
 Since 1907 he has been secretary ; and since 1909 has been gov- 
 ernor of the state of Oregon ; and resides in Roseburg, Ore. 
 
 986. Stuart, Edwin Sydney, merchant, governor, was born 
 Dec. 28, 1853, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Philadelphia; and received the degree of L. L. D. 
 from Lafayette college. In 1868 he was engaged in bookselling 
 and publishing. In 1891-95 he was mayor of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 He is one of the trustees of the estate of Stephen Girard, having 
 charge of Girard college. In 1901 he was president of the elec- 
 torial college; of Pennsylvania; and in 1907 became governor 
 of the state of Pennsylvania. 
 
 987. Smith, James Francis, governor general Philippine Isl- 
 ands, was born Jan. 28. 1859, in San Francisco, Cal. He was 
 educated at the Santa Clara college, and at Hastings law school. 
 He attained success in the practice of law. In 1898 he was 
 colonel first California volunteer infantry ; in 1899 became briga- 
 dier general United States volunteers ; and the same year was 
 made military governor of the Island of Negroes, P. I. In 1900 
 he was collector of customs for the Philippine Islands; and in 
 1901 became associate justice of the supreme court of the 
 
640 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Philippine Islands. In 1906 he was secretary of public instruc- 
 tion ; since 1906 has been governor general of the Philippine 
 Islands ; and resides in Manila, P. I. 
 
 988. Post, Regis H., governor of Porto Rico territory. He is 
 governor of Porto Rico territory for the term of 1908-12 ; and re- 
 sides in San Juan, P. R. 
 
 989. Pothier, A. J., governor of the state of Rhode Island, was 
 born in July, 1854, in the Province of Quebec. He was educated 
 at Nicolet college. He is a successful banker and manufacturer 
 of Woonsocket, R. I. ; has been mayor of that city; a member of 
 the state board of education ; and lieutenant governor of Rhode 
 Island. In 1909 he was elected governor of the state of Rhode 
 Island ; is now serving his second term of 1910 ; and resides in 
 Woonsocket. R. I. 
 
 990. Ansel, Martin Frederick, governor of the state of South 
 Carolina, was born Dec. 12, 1850, in Charleston, S. C. He 
 was educated in the common schools of Walhalla, S. C. : and 
 then began the studv of law. He has attained success in the 
 practice of law in South Carolina ; has been a representative 
 in the South Carolina state legislature ; and served as solicitor 
 for the eighth circuit of South Carolina. In 1907-09 he was gov- 
 ernor of the state of South Carolina; and re-elected to second 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Columbia. S. C. 
 
 991. Vessey, R. S., g-overnor of the state of South Dakota, 
 was born May 16, 1858, near Oskosh, Wis. He was educated 
 in the public schols and at Daggett commercial school of Osh- 
 kosh, Wis. He has been principaTlv engaged in real estate and 
 banking in South Dakota. In 1905-09 he was a member of the 
 South Dakota state senate from the counties of Teranld and Buf- 
 falo. He is now governor of the state of South Dakota for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Pierre, S. D. 
 
 992. Patterson. Malcolm Rice, governor of the state of Ten- 
 nessee, was born June 7, 1861, in Somerville, Ala. In 1894-1900 
 he was attornev general for Shelbv countv, Tenn. He was a 
 member of the fiftv-seventh and fifty-eighth congresses from 
 Tennessee as a democrat. He was re-elected to the fiftv-ninth 
 congress from the tenth district of Tennessee for the term of 
 1905-07. He is governor of the state of Tennessee for the term 
 of 1909-11 ; and resides in Nashville. Tenn. 
 
 993. Campbell. Thomas Mitchell, governor of the state of 
 Texas, was born April 22, 1856. in Rusk, Texas. In 1878 he 
 began the practice of law; and in 1889-91 was master in chan- 
 cery. In 1907 he became governor of Texas ; and resides in 
 Austin, Texas. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 641 
 
 994. Spry, William, governor of the state of Utah, was born 
 Jan. 11, 1864, in Windsor, England. He was educated in the 
 public schools ; and became a successful farmer and stock-raiser 
 of Utah. In 1894 he was collector Tooele county, Utah ; and 
 in 1903-04 was a member of the Utah legislature. In 1904 he 
 was state chairman of the republican party; in 1905 was presi- 
 dent of the state board of land commissioners; and in 1906-08 
 was United States marshal for Utah. He is now governor of 
 the state of Utah for the term of 1909-12 ; and resides in Salt 
 Lake city, Utah. 
 
 995. Prouty, G. H., governor of the state of Vermont, was 
 born March 4, 1862, in Newport, Vt. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools of Newport ; attended St. Johnsbury's 
 academy; and graduated from the Bryant and Stratton business 
 college. He is a successful lumber manufacturer of Newport, 
 Vt. ; has been a member of the Vermont state senate; and lieu- 
 tenant-governor of Vermont; is now serving his term ending 
 in 1910 ; and resides in Newport, Vt. 
 
 996. Swanson, Claude Augustus, governor of the state of 
 Virginia, was born March 81, 1862. in Swansonville, Va. In 
 1886 he began the practice of law in Chatham. Va. In 1893-1905 
 he was a member of congress. He is governor of the state of 
 Virginia for the term of 1906-10 : and resides in "Richmond. Va. 
 
 998. Glascock, William E., governor of the state of West 
 Virginia. He is g-overnor of the state of West Virginia for the 
 term of 1909-13: and resides in Charleston. W. Va. 
 
 999. Davidson. Tames O.. ■governor of the state of Wisconsin, 
 was born Feb 10. 1854. in Nonvav. Since 1872 he has been a 
 resident of Wisconsin : and for twentv-three vears has been en- 
 g-ag-ed in the mercantile business. Tn 1892-98 he was a renre- 
 sentative in the Wisconsin state legislature : was state treasurer 
 in 1898-1902: and in 1902-06 was lieutenant-governor. Tn 1906 
 he became governor of Wisconsin to fill a vacancv: is now 
 serving- the term of 1909-11 : and resides in Soldiers' Grove. Wis. 
 
 1000. Brooks. Brvaut Butler, governor of the state of Wvom- 
 ing\ and commander-in-chief Wvoming- national -guard, was born 
 Feb. 5. 1861. in Bernardston. Mass. For manv vea.rs he has been 
 a successful farmer of Wvorainj?: m 1892-94 was a representative 
 J n t np Wvoming- state legislature : and wa<* a member on several 
 important committees. Tn 1896 he was a delegate to the^ repub- 
 lican national convention at St. Louis. Mo.: was presidential 
 elector in 1900- and ha* filled various other position of trust and 
 honor. Since 1904 he has held the rank of commander-in-chief 
 of the Wyoming national guard. 
 
642 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 STATESMEN AND FEDERAL OFFICIALS 
 
 Aklns, Thomas J., United States postmaster of St. Louis, Mo., 
 was born Aug. 14, 1852, in Cedar county, Mo. For many years 
 he was engaged as a merchant and banker at Humansville, Polk 
 county, Mo. He served three terms as chairman of the Mis- 
 souri republican state committee ; and in 1904-08 was a member 
 of the republican national committee. In 1903-09 he was assis- 
 tant treasurer of the United States at St. Louis, Mo. ; and since 
 1909 has been postmaster at St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Armes, George Augustus, United States army officer, was 
 born in Virginia. In 1861 he enlisted from the District of Colum- 
 bia ; in 1862 became second lieutenant ; and in 1863 was honor- 
 ably mustered out of volunteer service. In 1864 he resigned. 
 In 1864 he became captain in the second New York artillery. 
 In 1865 was brevetted major of volunteers for gallant and meri- 
 torious services during the campaign of 1864 and 1865 ; and in 
 1865 was honorably mustered out. In 1866 he became second 
 lieutenant in the second cavalry ; and in 1870 was honorably dis- 
 charged. In 1878 he was made captain in the tenth cavalry to 
 rank from 1866 ; and in 1883 was retired. In 1867 he was 
 brevetted major for gallant and meritorious services in action at 
 Hatchers Run, Va. He resides in Fairfield, D. C. 
 
 Baldwin, Foy Spencer, professor economics in Boston univer- 
 sity, was born July 6, 1870, in Charlotte, Mich. In 1888 he grad- 
 uated from the Boston universitv ; studied in the University of 
 Munich ; and received the degree of Ph. Dl In 1890-91 he was 
 master at St. Luke's school of Philadelphia, Pa.; in 1892-93 
 studied economics in- Germany; and in 1894 was instructor in 
 economics at the Norwich free academy of Connecticut. Since 
 1895 he has been professor of economics at the Boston univer- 
 sity. He is the author of History of Mining Legislation in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Ballance, John Green, United States armv officer, was born in 
 Illinois. In 1871 he was appointed from Illinois a cadet in the 
 United States military academv at West Point, N. Y. ; and in 
 1875 graduated from that institution of learning. Tn 1875 he 
 was appointed second lieutenant in the sixteenth United States 
 infantry : and the same year was transferred to the twentv-sec- 
 ond infantry. In 1881 he became first lieutenant ; in 1882-K4 was 
 regiment quartermaster; in 1884-90 was acting judsre advocate 
 with the rank of captain ; in 1898 became major and inspector- 
 general of volunteers; and in 1899 was honorably discharged 
 from volunteer service. In 1900 he was a major in the thir- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 643 
 
 teenth infantry; in 1901 became brigadier-general of volunteers; 
 in 1907 was discharged from volunteer service; in 1901 was as- 
 signed to the adjutant-general's department; and is now located 
 at Battle Creek, Mich. 
 
 Bancroft, Eugene Adolphus, United States army officer, was 
 born in Massachusetts. In 1861 he was appointed from Massa- 
 chusetts a private in the Sturgis rifles in the Illinois volunteers; 
 in 1861 became second lieutenant; in 1862 was made first lieu- 
 tenant; in 1865-73 was regiment quartermaster; in 1873 became 
 captain; and in 1889 was retired. In 1862 he received the brevet 
 of first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious services in action 
 near Fair Oaks, Va. ; in 1863 was brevetted captain for servi- 
 ces at the battle of Gettysburg; and in 1890 was brevetted major 
 for services in action against the Indians at Clearwater in 1877. 
 He is a major in the United States army on the retired list; and 
 resides in New London, Conn. 
 
 Bates, Joseph Clement, lawyer, and author of San Francisco, 
 Cal., was born in July 1836, in Richmond, Maine. He is a noted 
 lawyer of San Francisco, Cal. He is the author of Forms and 
 Use of Blanks; and a paper entitled Horace Howes's Will Case. 
 
 Beard, John S v state senator of Florida, was born June 14, 
 1859, in Tallahassee, Fla. He was educated in the public schools 
 of Florida; and at the University of the south. He has attained 
 success at the bar of Florida ; and is a prominent member of the 
 Democratic party. In 1900 he was a presidential elector for 
 the state at large; and in 1904 was a delegate from the state at 
 large to the national democratic convention held in St. Louis, 
 Mo. He has been a speaker in many states ; and took a conspicu- 
 ous part in the campaigns of 1900 and 1904 under the auspices 
 of the national democratic committee. He is a member of the 
 Florida state senate for the term of 1906-10; and resides in 
 Pensacola, Fla. 
 
 Biddle, James, United States army officer, was born Dec. 11, 
 1832, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated at the university of 
 New York. In 1861 he entered the army as first lieutenant in 
 the tenth regiment New York volunteers ; and the same year 
 became a captain in the United States army. In 1862 he became 
 colonel in the sixth Indiana cavalry; and commanded a brigade 
 and was director of the Army of the Ohio. He was brevetted 
 major United States army, colonel United States army and 
 brigadier-general United States volunteers for gallant and meri- 
 torious services during the civil war. He was retired as colonel 
 United States army; and later was advanced to the rank of 
 
644 PROGRESSIVE AMERICAN S 
 
 brigadier-general United States army retired; and now resides 
 in Santa Barbara, Cal. 
 
 Bishop, Hoel Smith, United States army officer, was born in 
 Wisconsin. He was appointed from Wisconsin as a cadet in 
 the United States military academy at West Point in 1869; and 
 graduated from that institution in 1873. He was at once made 
 second lieutenant in the fifth United States cavalry; became 
 first lieutenant in 1879 ; attained the rank of captain in 1892 ; was 
 promoted to major in 1902. He is now lieutenant colonel in the 
 fifteenth United States cavalry; and is stationed at Fort Sheri- 
 dan, 111. 
 
 Bohmer, John George, President of Jones Commercial College 
 of St. Louis, Mo. ; was born Nov. 9, 1848, in Rich Fountain, Mo. 
 He received his education in the parish and public schools, from 
 private tutors, and at the Jones commercial college. He is one 
 of the most prominent educators of the west; has filled the 
 chairs of penmanship, bookkeeping, commercial law and Eng- 
 lish; and is now the president and proprietor of the Jones com- 
 mercial college of St. Louis, Mo., which was established in 1811 
 by Professor Jonathan Jones. This college is the only institu- 
 tion in St. Louis that teaches bookkeeping by actual business 
 practice; and their system is protected both by patents and 
 copyright. Professor Bohmer has made his college the leading 
 institution of its kind west of the Mississippi ; and resides in St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Brainard, David Legg, United States army officer, was born 
 Dec. 21, 1856, in Norway, N. Y. He attended the state normal 
 school at Cortland, N. Y. He participated in the Indian cam- 
 paigns under General Miles; and was wcunded in the face in 
 action with the Sioux at Muddy Creek in 1877. In the following 
 August he was one of the four men selected to act as escort to 
 General Sherman and party in their tour through the national 
 park. In 1879 he was promoted sergeant ; and in 1880 was 
 recommended for detail on the Howgate polar expedition. He 
 was one of the three who in 1882 attained the highest northern 
 point on the globe ever reached by man. During the Spanish- 
 American war he was promoted to colonel and chief com- 
 missary of the United States volunteers; and was promoted to 
 lieutenant-colonel in 1905. He is now lieutenant-colonel in 
 the subsistence department United States army; and is sta- 
 tioned in Manila, P. I. 
 
 Burns, James Madison, United States army officer, was born 
 Aug. 9, 1845, in Ohio. In 1861 he enlisted in the first West 
 Virginia volunteer infantry ; and in 1864 re-enlisted as a veteran. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 645 
 
 He served as a private and sergeant in 1861-65 ; and partici- 
 pated in the battles of Front Royal and Cedar Mountain, Va., 
 the second battle of Bull Run, fifteen other battles and forty- 
 two engagements in which men were killed. In 1867 he was ap- 
 pointed second lieutenant ; in 1874 was promoted first lieutenant ; 
 pointd second lieutenant; in 1874 was promoted first lieutenant; 
 in 1889 was promoted captain ; served nearly twenty-two years 
 as a lieutenant; in 1899 retired with the rank of major; and is 
 now a lieutenant-colonel in the United States army on the re- 
 tired list. In 1896 he was awarded a medal of honor for gal- 
 lantry at the battle of Newmarket, Va. ; and resides in Morgan- 
 town, W. Va. 
 
 Bushkevitz, Alexander S., state representative of New Mexico, 
 was born July 4, 1877, in Lemont, 111. He was educated at St. 
 Mary's seminary of Detroit, Mich.; attended St. Jerome's col- 
 lege of Berlin, Canada ; and graduated from the Kent college of 
 law of Chicago, 111. He is a successful business man of Roy. 
 N.M. ; and makes a specialty of real estate and investments. He 
 has been postmaster, United States commissioner, county sur- 
 veyor, justice of the peace, chairman of the board of education, 
 besides various other positions. He is president of the Great- 
 western commercial company; is president of the Roy telephone 
 company ; is president of the Roy realty and investment com- 
 pany ; and secretary of the Mora county publishing company. 
 He is now a state representative in the New Mexico legislature 
 for the term of 1909-10 ; and resides in Roy, N. M. 
 
 Caffey, Lochlin Washington, United States army officer, was 
 born in Alabama. In 1898 he was a corporal and sergeant in 
 the second Georgia infantry ; in 1898-1900 he served as a private 
 and sergeant in the fortieth regiment volunteer infantry ; in 
 1900 became a second lieutenant in the fortieth volunteer in- 
 fantry; and in 1901 was honorably mustered out of the volun- 
 teer service. In 1901 he was appointed first lieutenant in the 
 twenty-sixth regiment United States infantry ; in 1902 was 
 transferred to the fifteenth regiment United States infantry ; 
 and is now stationed at the agricultural college of Logan, Utah. 
 
 Catts, Gordon Rives, United States army officer, was born 
 March 5, 1881, at Pleasant Hill, Dallas county, Ala. He is a 
 son of John Smyley Catts and Maud Mar Caffey Catts. He was 
 appointed to the United States military academy from West 
 Point; entered in 1900; graduated in 1904; and was promoted 
 to second lieutenant in the tenth infantry. Until 1906 he was 
 stationed at Fort Lawton, Wash. ; until 1908 was stationed at 
 Fort Egbert, Alaska as quartermaster and commissary ; and now 
 
646 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 stationed at Fprt Benjamin H. Harrison was the rank of second 
 lieutenant in the tenth United States infantry. 
 
 Chester, Frank Dyer, American consul-general, was born Dec. 
 2, 1869, in Newton, Mass. He was educated in Newton and re- 
 ceived the Franklin medal from the English high school of Bos- 
 ton ; and graduated from Harvard university, from which insti- 
 tution he has received the degrees of A. B., A. M. and Ph. D. 
 He has attained prominence as a noted linguist. In 1893-95 he 
 was assistant in Semitic languages at Harvard university. In 
 1897-1904 he was United States consul at Budapest; and since 
 1904 consul-general to Hungary, with headqpuarters, at Budapest, 
 Hungary. 
 
 Cheston, Daniel Murray, United States army officer, was born 
 in Pennsylvania. He was appointed frorn Pennsylvania as a 
 private and corporal in the Pennsylvania artillery in 1898; and 
 in 1901 was promoted to second lieutenant in the seventeenth 
 regiment United States infantry. He is now first lieutenant in 
 the seventeenth regiment United States infantry ; and is sta- 
 tioned at Fort McPherson, Ga. 
 
 Coates, Edwin Morton, brigadier-general United States army, 
 was born Jan. 29, 1836, in New York city. In 1861 he was first 
 lieutenant in the eleventh New York infantry ; and in 1865 at- 
 tained the rank of captain. In 1898 he was promoted to colonel. 
 In 1900 he was retired as brigadier-general United States army ; 
 and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 iCooke, Lorenzo Wesley, United States army officer, was born 
 June 8, 1847, in Round Top, N. J. He served in the civil war, 
 first as a private and corporal in company H, twenty-seventh 
 regiment Wisconsin volunteer infantry ; then as a private in 
 company E, first battalion in the thirteenth United States in- 
 fantry. In 1863-65 and in 1866 was a private in the general 
 service. In 1866 he was appointed from Wisconsin second 
 lieutenant in the third regiment United States infantry; became 
 first lieutenant in 1868; in 1892 was promoted to captain; in 
 1901 became major in the twenty-sixth regiment United States 
 infantry; became lieutenant-colonel in 1904; in 1906 attained the 
 rank of brigadier-general ; and the same year was retired at his 
 own request after over forty years of service. He is a retired 
 brigadier-general of the United States army ; and resides in 
 Lemon Grove, Cal. 
 
 Crowl, Theodore, of Sterling, 111., was born July 22, 1844, in 
 Darlington Pa. He served as a union soldier during the civil 
 war in the one hundred and seventy-eighth regiment Ohio 
 volunteer infantry ; and was promoted to second lieutenant ; and 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 647 
 
 was judge advocate of general court martial United States army 
 at Tullahoma and Murfreesboro during the winter of 1864-65. 
 In 1873 he organized the First presbyterian church of Tacoma, 
 Wash. ; and has filled pastorates in Seattle, Wash. ; Zanesville, 
 Ohio ; and is now pastor of the First congregational church of 
 Sterling, 111. 
 
 Curtis, William G., United States commissioner, was born 
 Sept. 16, 1857, in Waterbury, Conn. He was educated in the 
 public schools of New England. He is a successful farmer and 
 real estate dealer; and is also engaged in the insurance busi- 
 ness. In 1903 he was a state representative in the Wyoming 
 legislature ; and is now mayor of Torrington, Wyo. He is a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity and various other fraternal 
 and patriotic orders. He is now United States commissioner 
 for Laramie county, Wyo., for the term of 1909-11 ; and resides 
 in Torrington, Wyo. 
 
 Dadirrian, Markar, Gavort, physician and manufacturer of New- 
 York city, was born Aug. 2, 1839, in Turkey. He received a 
 thorough education in the public schools and academies ; and in 
 1871 graduated from the New York university, the medical de- 
 partment of the university medical school of New York City : 
 which was subsequently consolidated with Bellevue hospital 
 medical college of New York City. He has attained success in 
 the practice of his profession in New York City ; and is a mem- 
 ber of the leading medical and scientific societies. In 1885 he 
 originated a fermented milk food, called Natzoon or Zoolah, 
 which has become popular in the medical use. He is president 
 of the Dadirrian and sons company, manufacturers of New York- 
 City. He has contributed valuable articles on medical and sci- 
 entific subjects to American literature. 
 
 Deming, William C, receiver United States land office, was 
 born Dec. 6, 1869, at Mount Olivet, Ky. He received a thor- 
 ough education ; in 1890 graduated from the Allegheny college 
 of Meadville, Pa.; and has received the degrees of B.A. and 
 M.A. In 1892-94 he practiced law; and in 1894-1901 was editor 
 of the Tribune of W^arren, Ohio. Since 1901 he has been editor 
 and manager of the Tribune of Cheyenne. Wyo. ; is also editor 
 of the Wyoming Daily Tribune ; and president of the Tribune 
 publishing company. In 1903 he was a member of the Wyom- 
 ing legislature; in 1904 was a member of the Wyoming commis- 
 sion at the St. Louis fair; and in 1905 was a member of the Wy- 
 oming commission at Portland ; and is a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity and various other fraternal and patriotic orders. His 
 lecture, Franklin, the Man and the Statesman, has made his 
 
648 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 name popular in the west. He is now receiver in the United 
 States land office for the term of 1907-11 ; and resides in Chey- 
 enne, Wyo. 
 
 Dortch, Josiah H., chief of education United States division 
 Indian affairs, was born Feb. 15, 1858, in Somerville, Tenn. He 
 was educated in the Southwestern presbyterian university of 
 Clarksville, Tenn. ; and at Vanderbilt university of Nashville, 
 Tenn. He is by profession a lawyer and editor; and in 1884 
 was appointed clerk of the circuit court of Fayette county, 
 Tenn. In 1887 he was a member of the Tennessee state senate 
 from the thirtieth senatorial district ; and in 1890-94 was county 
 court clerk of Fayette county, Tenn. While a member of the 
 Tennessee state senate he introduced and passed the election 
 law bill of the state, which with only slight modifications, is 
 still on the statute books. For fifteen years he was editor of 
 the Reporter of Somerville, Tenn. Since 1895 he has been chief 
 of education, division of Indian affairs ; and resides in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 
 
 Edwards, Thomas M., state representative of Idaho, was born 
 Nov. 27, 1864, in Elk Point, S. D. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native state; and at the Yankton high 
 school. He is a successful merchant and banker of McCammon, 
 Idaho ; and identified with the McCammon investment company 
 of that city. He is a member of the republican party; and 
 prominent in the business and public affairs of this city and 
 state. He is now a state representative in the Idaho legislature 
 for the term of 1908-10; and resides in McCammon, Idaho. 
 
 Fauntleroy. Powell Conrad, United States armv officer, was 
 born in Virginia. In 1895 he was appointed assistant surgeon 
 from Virginia: and in 1900 attained the rank of major surgeon 
 of volunteers. Tn 1901 he was honorablv discharged from 
 volunteer service. He joined the medical ccrps of the United 
 States army: is now a surgeon with the rank of major; and 
 stationed at Fort Benjamin Harrison. Ind. 
 
 Fechet, Edmond Gustave. United States armv officer, was 
 born in Michigan. He enlisted from Michigan ; in 1861-62 was 
 sereeant and first sergeant in the seventh Michigan infantry: in 
 1862 he became second lieutenant in the seventh Michigan in- 
 fantrv: and in 1863 resigned. In 1863 he was appointed quar- 
 termaster-sereeant in the tenth Michigan ravalrv; in 1864 be- 
 came second lieutenant: in 1865 was made first lieutenant: and 
 in 1865 was honorablv mustered out of volunteer service: in 
 1866 he became second lieutenant in the eighth cavalry ; in 1867 
 became first lieutenant; in 1870 became captain; in 1891 was 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 649 
 
 promoted to major; and in 1898 retired. In 1867 he was brev- 
 etted first lieutenant and captain for gallant and meritorious 
 services in the battle of Antietam, Md. He is now commander 
 of cadets and a lieutenant-colonel in the United States army; 
 and is stationed in Urbana, 111. 
 
 Feeter, George Ingraham, United States army officer, was born 
 in New York. In 1899 he was appointed from New York as 
 second lieutenant in the nineteenth United States infantry ; and 
 in 1901 was promoted to first lieutenant. He is now a captain 
 on the retired list; and connected with the United States re- 
 cruiting office at Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Field, Orin Judson, chief clerk United States department of 
 justice, was born Nov. 18, 1868, in Wataga, 111. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools and colleges of his native state. He 
 is a member of several social, fraternal and patriotic societies; 
 and has held positions of trust and honor. In 1903 he was ap- 
 pointed clerk in the United States department of justice at 
 Washington, D. C. ; since 1903 has been chief clerk of that de- 
 partment ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Foote, Frank M., receiver United States land office in Wyom- 
 ing, was born May 26, 1846, in South Bend, Ind. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native state; and graduated 
 from the Valparaiso university of Indiana. For many years he 
 has been identified with railroading; is a thirty-two degree 
 Mason and a member of various fraternal and patriotic orders. 
 He has been a member of the Wyoming legislature ; served as 
 probate judge ; and filled the office of county treasurer. During 
 the Spanish-American war he served as a major in the first 
 regiment Wyoming infantry. He is receiver of public moneys 
 in the United States land office ; is now serving his fourth term 
 of 1908-12 ; and resides in Evanston, Wyo. 
 
 Foreman, James Milton, physician and surgeon of Missouri, 
 was born April 13, 1829, in Jefferson county, Va. He was edu- 
 cated at the university of Virginia ; and in 1853 graduated from 
 the Jefferson medical college. He is a successful physician and 
 surgeon of Jonesburg, Mo. ; and is a member of various medical 
 societies. He takes an active part in the public and business 
 affairs of his city, county and state, and ranks high in his pro- 
 fession. He contributes extensively to medical and current 
 literature; and is the author of numerous Monographs; and 
 resides in Jonesburg, Mo. 
 
 Grant, William W., physician and surgeon of Denver. Colo., 
 was born Nov. 15, 1846, in Russell county, Ala. He received 
 a thorough education in the public schools and colleges of the 
 
650 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 south; and in 1869 graduated from the Long Island college 
 hospital of Brooklyn, N. Y. He enlisted in the civil war ; served 
 for eighteen months; and participated in numerous battles and 
 skirmishes. In 1872-85 he practiced his profession in Davenport, 
 La.; and in 1885-88 he was post-surgeon at the Rock Island 
 arsenal. He is now a practicing physician and surgeon of Den- 
 ver, Colo. ; is a member of the leading medical associations ; is 
 a member of various fraternal patriotic and scientific societies* 
 has filled numerous positions of trust and honor ; and resides in 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Gunnell, Allen Thomson, lawyer, jurist, legislator, was born 
 Jan. 29, 1848, in Saline county, Mo. He received his education 
 at the Bethany college of West Virginia. He has been judge 
 of Lake county, Col. ; was a member of the Colorado state legis- 
 lature in 1879; and during 1891-95 served with distinction as 
 state senator. In 1896 he was a presidential elector. He is one 
 of the foremost lawyers of Colorado, and has a lucrative practice 
 in Colorado Springs. 
 
 Hastings, Frank W., farmer and author, of Glover, Vt., was 
 born Dec. 31, 1856, in Waterford, Vt. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native state ; and in 1875 graduated from St. 
 Johnsbury academy of Vermont. He is a successful farmer and 
 insurance man of St. Johnsbury, Vt. He is prominently identi- 
 fied with the business and public affairs of Vermont ; resides in 
 Glover, Vt. ; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. 
 He is the author of Wed to a Lunatic ; the Untamed Philosopher; 
 and With The Plugolians ; and resides in Glover, Vt. 
 
 Hilton, Robert W., state representative of Pennsylvania, was 
 born Jan. 26, 1868, in, Hornell, N. Y. He was educated at the 
 Alfred university of New York. He is a successful manufac- 
 turer of Pennsylvania; a prominent member of the democratic 
 party; and a member of various orders and societies. He is 
 president of the Allegheny window glass company ; is president 
 of the Taintor chemical company; is secretary and treasurer of 
 the Smethport chemical company; and identified with various 
 other industrial corporations of Pennsylvania. He is now a 
 state representative in the Pennsylvania legislature for the term 
 of 1909-11; and resides in East Smethport, Pa. 
 
 Horr, John F., United States marshal for the southern district 
 of Florida, was born Feb. 15, 1843, in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. He 
 was educated in the public schools and at Greenway academy of 
 Springfield, Ohio. He is a successful farmer ; and in 1889-93 was 
 collector of customs at Key West, Fla. Since 1905 he has been 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 651 
 
 United States marshal for the southern district of Florida; and 
 resides in Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Houston, Andrew Jackson, United States marshal for the 
 eastern district of Texas, was born June 21, 1854, in Indepen- 
 dence, Texas. He was educated in the military schools of 
 Texas; and in the United States military academy. He is a 
 lawyer by profession ; and has filled many positions of trust and 
 honor in the civil and military service, and in civic affairs. Since 
 1902 he has been United States marshal for the eastern district 
 of Texas, with cfficial headquarters in Paris; is now serving his 
 second term of 1906-10; and resides in Beaumont, Texas. 
 
 Humphrey, Evan Harris, United States army officer, was born 
 in California. He was appointed as a cadet from Nebraska in 
 1893 to the United States military academv at West Point; and 
 graduated from that institution in 1895. In 1899 he was made 
 second lieutenant in the seventh United States cavalry ; became 
 first lieutenant in the eight cavalry: the same year was trans- 
 ferred to the seventh cavalry; and subsequently attained the 
 rank of captain. He is now on duty in the quarter-master's 
 department, stationed in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Husted, Glen E., attorney United States department of justice, 
 was born Aug. 27, 1874, in Kalamazoo, Mich. He was educate 1 
 at the Columbian university, receiving the degrees of LL. B., 
 LL. M. and D. C. L., from that institution of learning. He 
 soon attained success in the practice of law; and in 1903-09 was 
 assistant attorney in the United States department of justice. 
 Since 1909 he has been attorney in the United States department 
 of justice; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Jones. Henry Roger, United States army officer, was bcrn in 
 Connecticut. In 1861 he entered the Union service as first ser- 
 geant of company C, eighth regiment Connecticut volunteer in- 
 fantry; became second lieutenant in 1862; and was honorably 
 mustered out in January, 1863. In July of 1863 he became 
 second lieutenant in the veteran reserve corps ; became first lieu- 
 tenant in 1864; was promoted to captain in 1865 ; and was hcnor- 
 ably mustered out in 1866. The same year he was appointed a 
 first lieutenant in the forty-third regiment United State in- 
 fantry; was transferred to the first regiment United States in- 
 fantry in 1869; and retired from active service in 1878. He is 
 now a captain of the United States army on the retired list; and 
 resides in New Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Jones, W. A. Fleming, United States commissioner, was born 
 Nov. 30, 1871, in Birmingham, England. He received an aca- 
 demic education in England. He is by profession an eminent 
 
652 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 land attorney and financial agent of New Mexico. He is identified 
 with the republican party ; is a thirty-two degree Mason ; a mem- 
 ber of the Toltec club of El Paso, Texas ; and a member of the 
 Elks at Las Cruces, N. M. He has been vice-president of the 
 New Mexico territorial fair ; vice-president of the New Mexico 
 historical society ; vice-president from New Mexico to the Na- 
 tional river and harbors congress ; and is a member of the Amer- 
 ican forestry association, National geographic society, Santa Fe 
 archaeological society, Mesilla Valley chamber of commerce and 
 various other political, scientific and economical societies. Since 
 1909 he has been secretary of the Conservation commsission; 
 since 1906 he has been United States commissioner; is now 
 serving his second term as a member of the board of regents of 
 the New Mexico school cf mines; and resides in Las Cruces, 
 N. M. 
 
 Kendig, Daniel, United States army officer, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania. He entered the United States army from California; 
 m 1859-67 was chaplain of the posts of Fort Steilacoom, Wash., 
 and the presidio of San Francisco ; in 1867 was made post 
 chaplain ; in 1888 was retired ; has attained the rank cf major ; 
 and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Kennedy, T, Blake, United States referee in bankruptcy, was 
 born April 4, 1874, in Commerce, Mich. He was educated at 
 Franklin college ; and at Syracuse university. He has attained 
 success at the bar; is identified with the the republican party; 
 and has filled several positions of trust and honor in Wyoming. 
 He is United States referee in bankruptcy; is now serving his 
 fourth term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 Kidd, Frank A., member United States geographic board, was 
 born March 30, 1858, in Virginia. Re received a thorough edu- 
 cation and graduated from Earlham. For many years he has 
 been engaged in literary work ; and has edited numerous pub- 
 lished volume's. Since 1906 he has been editor and chief of the 
 proof section in the United States government printing office ; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kniffen, Gilbert Crawford, division chief United States bureau 
 of pensions, was born in New York. He served from Kentucky 
 as a captain of commissary of subsistence United States volun- 
 teers in 1861 ; in 1863 was lieutenant-colonel ; and in 1865 was 
 brevetted major of volunteers for efficient and meritorious ser- 
 vices during the war. He has been for many years in the gov- 
 ernment service ; and has held various positions of trust and 
 hcnor. He is now division chief in the United States bureau of 
 pensions ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 653 
 
 Lang, Frank Runyan, United States army officer, was born in 
 Maine. He served in the volunteers throughout the Spanish- 
 American war in 1898 ; was with the ninth regiment United 
 States infantry in the Philippine campaigns of 1899-1900, includ- 
 ing the battles of the northern advance in Luzon, the battle of 
 Porac, and the night attacks at Angeles. He served with the 
 Macabebe scouts in the provinces of Tralac and Pampanga; 
 participated in the battles of Tientsin, Peitsang and Yang- 
 stun and in the advance of Pekin during the boxer trouble in 
 China ; and was shot through the arm at the battle of Tientsin. 
 In 1898 he was promoted to second lieutenant; and in 1899 be- 
 came second lieutenant in the ninth regiment United States in- 
 fantry. In 1901 he was promoted to first lieutenant in the twen- 
 ty-seventh regiment United States infantry; and the same year 
 was transferred to the ninth regiment. He subsequently attained 
 the rank of captain; and in 1909 was appointed major and judge 
 advocate second regiment United States infantry. He has at- 
 tained an enviable record as a gallant, studious and highly effi- 
 cient officer; is now on the retired list; and resides in Memphis, 
 Tenn. 
 
 Light, C. M., president New Mexico normal school, was born 
 Nov. 13, 1853, in Scott county, Ind. He was educated in the 
 public and private schools; and in the schools and colleges of 
 Austin, Texas. He is an independent republican ; is a member 
 of the New Mexico board of education ; and for many years has 
 been prominently identified with the educational and public 
 affairs of New Mexico. He has contributed extensively to edu- 
 cational and scientific publications ; for the past fourteen years 
 has been president of the New Mexico normal school; and re- 
 sides in Silver City, N. M. 
 
 Lockwood, John Alexander, United States army officer, was 
 born in Saxony. In 1880 he was appointed from the District of 
 Columbia as second lieutenant in the seventeenth regiment Unit- 
 ed States infantry; and in 1889 attained the rank of first lieu- 
 tenant. In 1891 he was transferred to the fourth United States 
 cavalry; attained the rank of captain in 1898; and was retired 
 in 1900. He is now connected with the United States recruiting 
 office at Denver, Col. 
 
 Loveland, Frank O., clerk United States court of appeals, for 
 the sixth district, was born Dec. 12, 1861, in Norwich, Vt. He 
 was educated at St. Johnsbury academy of Vermont; in 1886 
 received the degree of A. B. from Dartmouth college; and in 
 1888 received the degree of LL.B. from the Cincinnati law 
 school. He is a lawyer by profession ; and a prominent mem- 
 
654 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 ber of the Republican party. He is the author of Loveland on 
 Bankruptcy; and Loveland's Forms of Federal Practice. He is 
 a member of the University Club of Cincinnati. Since 1894 he 
 has been clerk of the United States circuit court of appeals for 
 the sixth district, a life position cr during good behavior; and 
 resides in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Loveland, Harvey D., railroad commissioner of the state of 
 California, was born July 19, 1853, in Oneida county, N. Y. He 
 was educated in the public schools of his native state ; and under 
 private tutors. He has attained success as one of the foremost 
 attorneys of California; and served on the staff of the governor 
 of California with the rank of colonel. He is past-president of 
 the Trans-Mississippi commercial congress; past-president of 
 the Pacific coast jobbers and manufacturers association; and was 
 grand commander of the Knights Templar of California. He 
 is a member of the Union League, the Commonwealth and vari- 
 ous other clubs; is a member of the Chamber of Commerce; is 
 a member of the Merchant's association ; and has filled numerous 
 other positions of trust and honor. He is now railroad com- 
 missioner for the second district of the state of California for 
 the term of 1906-10; and resides in San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Macomb, Montgomery, United States army officer, was born 
 Oct. 12, 1852, in Detroit, Mich. He was educated in the private 
 schools of Washington, D. C. ; at high school of Portsmouth, 
 N. H. ; in 1869 graduated from Hughes high school of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio; graduated from Yale; and in 1874 graduated from the 
 United States military academy at West Point. He passed 
 through all grades from second lieutenant to colonel of artillery 
 United States army; and was military attache, with the Rus- 
 sian armies in Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese war. He is 
 now colonel sixth field artillery, detached on general staff, war 
 department ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mapes, William Sanford, United States army officer, was born 
 in New York. In 1898 he was appointed from Nebraska as 
 major in the second regiment of the Nebraska infantry ; and the 
 same year was honorably mustered out. In 1899 he was ap- 
 pointed first lieutenant in the thirty-second regiment United 
 States volunteer infantry; and in 1901 became first lieutenant 
 in the twenty-fifth regiment United States infantry ; and is now 
 stationed at Fort George Wright, Wash. 
 
 Marshall, William Louis, United States army officer, was 
 born in Kentucky. In 1862-63 he served as a private soldier in 
 the civil war. In 1864 he was appointed from Kentucky a 
 cadet in the United States military academy; and graduated 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 655 
 
 from that institution in 1868. In 1868 he was brevetted second 
 lieutenant of engineers; in 1869 was made second lieutenant; 
 in 1871 became first lieutenant; in 1882 became captain; and 
 in 1895 attained the rank of major. He is now chief of en- 
 gineers with the rank of brigadier-general; and is stationed in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 999. McFie, John R., associate justice supreme court of New 
 Mexico, was born Oct. 9, 1848, in Washington county, 111. He 
 received an academic education and private instruction in Illi- 
 nois. He attained success in the practice of law ; for two terms 
 was a member of the Illinois state legislature; and served as 
 registrar of the United States land office at Las Cruces, N. M. 
 He is identified with the republican party; and is a prominent 
 member of the Bar association and various other societies. He 
 is an associate justice of the supreme court of New Mexico 
 and judge of the first judicial circuit; is now serving his fourth 
 term of four years each for 1906-10; and resides in Santa Fe, 
 N. M. 
 
 McGee, W. J., geologist, anthropologist, was born April 17, 
 1853, in Farley, Iowa. In his youth he studied latin, astronomy, 
 the higher mathematics, law and surveying. In 1874-76 he was 
 interested in the manufacture of agricultural machinery; and 
 invented and patented various devices. In 1877-81 he made 
 geological and topographical survey of Northeastern Iowa; and 
 in 1882-93 was attached to the United States geological survey 
 as geologist. In 1893-1903 he was in the bureau of American 
 ethnology as ethnologist-in-charge. Since 1907 he has been 
 expert engaged in soilwater investigations in the bureau of 
 soils, department of agriculture. He is also a member and 
 secretary of the United States inland waterways commission; 
 and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 McMillan, Ross, supervisor Carson national forest service, 
 was born Aug. 9, 1877, in Buffalo, N. Y. He was educated at 
 Cornell university of Ithaca N. Y. For many years he has been 
 successfully engaged as a lumberman and stockman; is pro- 
 minently identified with the republican party; and a member 
 of various social, fraternal and patriotic orders. He is now 
 connected with the forest service, United States department 
 of agriculture; is supervisor of the Carson national forest, a 
 civil service appointment ; and resides in Antonito, Colo. 
 
 Merry, William Topping, United States army officer, was 
 born in New York. In 1895 he was appointed from New York 
 as a cadet to the United States military academy at West 
 Point ; and in 1899 graduated from that institution. He was at 
 
656 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 once made second lieutenant in the twenty-third regiment 
 United States infantry ; in 1900 he was promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant in the first regiment United States infantry; and in 
 1901 was transferred to the twenty-third regiment United 
 States infantry. He is now captain in the ninth regiment 
 United States infantry; and stationed at Fort Sam Houston, 
 Texas. 
 
 Miller, Samuel Warren, United States army officer, was born 
 in Pennsylvania. He was appointed in 1875 as a cadet from 
 Pennsylvania to the United States military academy ; and in 
 1879 graduated from that institution. He was at once com- 
 missioned a second lieutenant in the fifth regiment United 
 States infantry; and attained the rank of first lieutenant in 
 1885. In 1889-93 he was regimental quartermaster. In 1^98 
 he was promoted to captain; and in 1899 attained the rank of 
 major in the forty-sixth regiment United States volunteers ; 
 and was hcnorably mustered out of the volunteer service in 
 1901. In 1902 he became major in the nineteenth regiment 
 United States infantry ; and is now stationed in the inspector- 
 general's department, headquarters department of Dakota, at 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Milliken, S. A., secretary Silver City armory board of control 
 of New Mexico, was born Sept. 5, 1861, at Mountain Home, Pa. 
 He was educated in the Airy View academy ; attended Tuscar- 
 ora academy ; and was a student in the university of the city of 
 New York, graduating with the degree of M. D. He moved to 
 New Mexico ; he now has a large and lucrative practice in Sil- 
 ver City. He is a member of the Grant county medical society ; 
 a member of the New Mexico territorial medical society ; an 
 associate of the military surgeons of the United States ; and is 
 prominently identified with business affairs of his community. 
 He has been major in the medical department ; and also chief 
 surgeon in the New Mexico national guard. He is secretary of 
 the Silver City armory board of control ; is now serving his first 
 term of 1908-10; and resides in Silver City, N. M. 
 
 Mills, Robert H., United States army officer. He received 
 a thorough education in the public schools and colleges ; has 
 attained prominence as a successful dental surgeon ; and has 
 filled various positions of trust and honor. He is dental surgeon 
 in the United States army ; and is now stationed at Fort Adams, 
 R. I. 
 
 Noble, Robert Houston, United States army officer, was born 
 in Maryland. In 1880 he was appointed to the United States 
 military academy at West Point; in 1884 graduated from that 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 657 
 
 institution and was promoted to second lieutenant in the first 
 regiment United States infantry. In 1884 he served in Arizona ; 
 in 1885-86 was in the Geronimo campaign ; then was with his 
 regiment in California to 1890; and in 1891 attained the rank 
 of first lieutenant. In 1890-94 he was professor of military 
 science at St. John's college of Annapolis, Md. He received 
 the degree of LL. B. from the university of Maryland ; and in 
 1892 was admitted to the bar, In 1897 he was regimental 
 adjutant and aide-de-camp to General Shafter. In 1898 he 
 was major and assistant adjutant general of volunteers and 
 aide to commanding the general American forces in the San- 
 tiago campaign. In 1898 he was promoted a captain; in 1899- 
 1901 was in various campaigns in the Philippine Islands; and 
 was then appointed by the Philippine commission to organize 
 civil government in the unorganized pueblos of Ilcile Province. 
 In 1902-08 he was aide-de-camp to governor-generals Taft, 
 Wright, Ide and Smith. Since 1907 he has been a major in 
 the first regiment United States infantry; and is now stationed 
 at Vancouver Barracks, Wash. 
 
 Perry, Alexander James, United States army officer, was born 
 Dec. 11, 1828, in New London, Conn. In 1851 he graduated 
 from the United States military academy. He was then brev- 
 etted second lieutenant in the second United States artillery; in 
 1854 was promoted to first lieutenant; and in 1861 attained the 
 rank of captain and assistant quartermaster. In 1862-63 he 
 was lieutenant colonel and quarter-master; in 1864-67 was col- 
 onel quartermaster; and in 1866 became major quartermaster in 
 the United States army. In 1875 he became lieutenant colonel 
 deputy quarter-master-general ; in 1883 became colonel and 
 assistant quartermaster-general ; and in 1892 was retired by oper- 
 ation of law. In 1904 he was advanced to the rank of brigadier- 
 general retired. In 1865 he was brevetted major, lieutenant 
 colonel and colonel for services during the civil war; and in 
 1865 was brevetted brigadier-general for services in the quarter- 
 master department during the civil war. He is a retired briga- 
 dier-general United States army; and resides in Washington, 
 D. C 
 
 Phillips, William, United States government official. For 
 many years he has been engaged in government service; and 
 served with great ability as third assistant secretary of state, 
 United States department of state at Washington, D. C. He is 
 now connected with the diplomatic service of the United States, 
 with headquarters at the American Embassy in London, Eng- 
 land. 
 
658 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 Pool Charles W., state representative of Nebraska, was born 
 Nov. 20, 1856, in Henry county, 111. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Nebraska; became a successful newspaper edi- 
 tor and publisher; and is identified with the Journal-Tribunal 
 printing company of Tecumseh, Neb. He has been a member 
 of the city council ; a member of the city library board ; is a 
 prominent member of the Masonic fraternity ; and identified 
 with the democratic party. He is now a state representative 
 and speaker of the house of the Nebraska legislature for the 
 term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Tecumseh, Neb. 
 
 Prindle, Frederick W., editor Granite State News of New 
 Hampshire, was born May 8, 1854, in Portsmouth, N. H. He 
 was educated in the public schools of Portsmouth, N. H.; and 
 in Jamaica Plain, Mass. He is a prominent member of the re- 
 publican party; is a prominent member of the Masons and vari- 
 ous other fraternal and patriotic orders. He is justice of the 
 police court ; and prominently identified with the business and 
 public affairs of his city and state. He is now editor of the 
 Granite State News of Wolfeboro, N. H. 
 
 Putnam, Herbert, librarian of the United States congress, was 
 born Sept. 20, 1861, in New York city. In 1883 he graduated 
 from Harvard college; and he has received the degrees of Litt. 
 D. and LL. D. In 1886 he was admitted to the Minneapolis 
 bar; in 1892 to the bar of Suffolk county, Mass.; and in 1892-95 
 practiced law in Boston, Mass. In 1884-87 he was librarian of 
 the Minneapolis athenaeum ; in 1887-91 was librarian of the Min- 
 neapolis public library ; and in 1895-99 was librarian of the 
 Boston public library. Since 1898 he has twice been pres- 
 ident of the American library association. Since 1899 he has 
 been librarian of the library of congress ; and resides in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 Randall, George Morton, United States army officer, was born 
 in Ohio. In 1861 he enlisted from Pennsylvania as a private 
 soldier in the fourth regiment Pennsylvania infantry; the same 
 year became second lieutenant; in 1862 was made first lieutenant; 
 in 1864 major; in 1865 lieutenant-colonel; and in 1865 was honor- 
 ably mustered out of volunteer service. In 1865 he was ap- 
 pointed captain in the United States army ; and in 1870 was 
 assigned to the twenty-third infantry. In 1891 he became major; 
 in 1894 was made lieutenant-colonel ; in 1898 colonel ; and in 1898 
 was transferred to the eighth infantry with the rank of brigadier- 
 general of volunteers. In 1899 he was honorably discharged 
 from volunteer service ; and in 1901 became a brigadier-general 
 in the United States army. He received the brevets of captain, 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 659 
 
 major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of volunteers, and the 
 brevets of lieutenant-colonel and colonel for gallant and merit- 
 orious services in 1873. He has since attained the rank of major- 
 general on the retired list ; and is now a resident of Cheyenne, 
 Wyo. 
 
 Seavey, John S. F., state representative of New Hampshire, 
 was born Feb. 1, 1853, in Barrington, N. H. He was educated 
 at the Austin academy of Strafford, N. H. ; and graduated from 
 the Franklin academy of Dover, N. H. He is by profession 
 an engineer; is a prominent member of the republican party; 
 is a member of the Masonic fraternity; is a prominent member 
 of the church, being now moderator; and is a prominent candi- 
 date for the state senate in the fall of 1910. He is now a state 
 representative in the New Hampshire legislature for the term of 
 1909-10; during he first session made several notable speeches; 
 is one of the leading members of the committee on public im- 
 provement; and resides in Barrington, N. H. 
 
 Service, Samuel W., senior veterinary surgeon United States 
 army. He received a thorough education in the public schools 
 and colleges ; attended the leading medical and veterinary col- 
 leges ; and has received the degrees of M. D. and V. S. He is 
 a noted veterinary surgeon ; and has attained success in his pro- 
 fession ; and is a member of various medical and scientific soci- 
 eties. He is now senior veterinary surgeon in the tenth cav- 
 alry of the United States army ; and in 1910 was stationed at 
 Fort Allen, Vt. 
 
 Simpson, Samuel W., state representative of Arkansas, was 
 born Dec. 6, 1852, in Tuscaloosa, Ala. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native state. He is a successful farmer; is 
 identified with the democratic party; and is a member of the 
 Oddfellows and other fraternal and patriotic orders. For ten 
 years he held the office of justice of the peace in his township; 
 for twelve years was postmaster in 1885-97 ; for six years was 
 school director of school district number thirty-one ; and has 
 held various other local positions of trust and honor. In 1901- 
 03 he was a state representative in the Arkansas legislature; 
 is now serving his second term of 1909-11 ; and resides in Ab- 
 bott, Ark. 
 
 Smith, Joseph Rowe, United States army officer, was born in 
 New York. In 1854 he was made assistant surgeon ; in 1862 be- 
 came major surgeon ; in 1885 became surgeon with the rank of 
 lieutenant colonel ; and in 1890 was surgeon with the rank of 
 colonel. In 1865 he was brevetted lieutenant colonel for superior 
 ability and excellent management of affairs of his department; 
 
660 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 and in 1866 was brevetted colonel for meritorious services and 
 devotion to the sick during the prevalence of the cholera at 
 Little Rock, Ark. In 1895 he was retired; has since attained the 
 rank of brigadier-general; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Smither, Robert Geno, United States army officer, was born in 
 Indiana. In 1861 he was appointed from Indiana as a private sol- 
 dier in company I, twenty-sixth regiment Indiana infantry ; in 
 1863 attained the rank cf sergeant in company H, seventh regi- 
 ment Indiana cavalry; became second lieutenant in 1864; attained 
 the rank of first lieutenant in 1865 and was honorably mustered 
 out in 1866. In 1867 he was appointed first lieutenant in the 
 tenth United States cavalry; in 1877-81 was regimental adjutant; 
 was promoted to captain in 1881 ; and was retired in 1888. He 
 now holds the rank of major on the retired list; and resides in 
 Redlands, Cal. 
 
 Stevenson, Reginald C, state representative of New Hamp- 
 shire, was born Dec. 6, 1879, in Brooklyn, N. H. He was edu- 
 cated at the Brooklyn latin school ; and at Phillips Exeter acad- 
 emy. He is prominently identified with the republican party of 
 New Hampshire ; and has been a member of the governor's 
 staff with the rank of colonel. He is president of the New Hamp- 
 shire auto club ; is president of the Exeter county club ; and 
 prominently identified with the business and public affairs of 
 his city and state. He is a state representative in the New 
 Hampshire legislature; is now serving his second term of 1909- 
 11 ; is a member of the committee on appropriation and on liq- 
 uor laws; and resides in Exeter, N. H. 
 
 Stickle, Horton Whitefield, United States army officer, was 
 born in Iowa. He received the rudiments of his education in 
 the public schools of his native state ; and in 1895 was appointed 
 from Iowa as a cadet in the United States military academy at 
 West Point. On graduation in 1899 he was appointed second 
 lieutenant United States engineers ; and in 1901 attained the 
 rank of first lieutenant. He saw active service in the Spanish- 
 American war; and passed through various battles and skir- 
 mishes. He is now captain in the engineer corps of the Isthmian 
 canal commission at Culebra, Panama. 
 
 Studley, Elmer E., district attorney for Colfax county, N. M., 
 was born in 1870 in the state of New York. He received a thor- 
 ough education; graduated with the degrees of A.B. and LL.B. 
 from Cornell university; and in 1895 was admitted to the New 
 York bar. He participated in the Spanish-American war as 
 first lieutenant in the two hundred and second regiment New 
 York volunteer infantry ; and served in Cuba under General Fitz- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 661 
 
 hugh Lee. In 1907 he was a representative in the New Mex- 
 ico legislature ; and has attained success in the practice of law. 
 He is now district attorney of Colfax county for the term of 
 1909-10; and resides in Raton, N.M. 
 
 Wadsworth, H. E., superintendent and special disbursing 
 agent United States Indian service, was born April 5, 1865, in 
 Auburn, 111. He was educated in the public schools of his na- 
 tive state ; and is by profession an accountant. He is a member 
 of the republican party ; is a member of the Masons, Sons of the 
 American revolution and various other fraternal and patriotic 
 orders. In 1889-1900 he was chief clerk in the Shoshone agency 
 in Wyoming; and in 1900-03 was clerk for the United States 
 senate committee on claims under chairman Senator W r arren of 
 Wyoming. Since 1903 he has been superintendent and special 
 disbursing agent in the United States Indian service, depart- 
 ment of the interior; is superintendent of the Shoshone indus- 
 trial school ; and resides in Wind River, Wyo. 
 
 Watrous, Jerome Anthony, United States army officer, was 
 born in Conklin, Brown county, N. Y. He was educated in the 
 common schools ; and for one term was a student at Lawrence 
 college of Appleton, Wis. In 1861 he enlisted as a private sol- 
 dier in the sixth Wisconsin infantry; was made ordnance ser- 
 geant of a brigade and later was made ordnance sergeant of a 
 division. He then became sergeant-major of his regiment ; 
 and was soon made a first lieutenant and adjutant, going from 
 that position to adjutant-general of the Iron brigade of the west. 
 He served four years and won a captaincy, and in 1865 was hon- 
 orably mustered out. He has served as a colonel and brigadier- 
 general in the National guard. He has been county superin- 
 tendent of schools ; a member of the Wisconsin state legisla- 
 ture ; and collector of customs at Milwaukee, Wis. In 1898 he 
 returned to the service of the United States as major and pay- 
 master, and in 1904 was retired as lieutenant-colonel. He has 
 been engaged as an editor and publisher ; is still writing for the 
 press ; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Webster, John McAdam, United States army officer, was born 
 in Ohio. In 1865 he became second lieutenant in the one hun- 
 dred and ninety-seventh regiment Ohio infantry. In 1866 he 
 was appointed from Ohio a cadet in the United States military 
 academy; and in 1871 graduated from that institution. He was 
 at once commissioned second lieutenant in the twenty-second 
 regiment United States infantry; and in 1879 was promoted 
 to first lieutenant. In 1881 he became a regimental adjutant; 
 in 1884-88 served as regimental quartermaster; and in 1894 
 
662 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 attained the rank of captain. In 1898 he was retired from the 
 United States army with the rank of captain ; and is now con- 
 nected with Colville Indian agency at Miles, Wash. 
 
 Weston, John Francis, major-general United States army, 
 was born in Kentucky. During the civil war he attained the 
 rank of major. He was appointed brigadier-general in United 
 States volunteers in 1898. In 1900 he was commissioned com- 
 missary-general of the United States army, with the rank of 
 brigadier-general ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Weyrauch, Paul Hugo, United States army officer, was born 
 in Germany. In 1895-98 he served in the United States army 
 as a private soldier and corporal in the first artillery; and was 
 and acting hospital steward, in 1899-1901 was hospital steward 
 and acting hospital steward in 1899-1901 was hospital steward 
 of the twenty-eighth regiment in the volunteer infantry ; in 1901- 
 02 was hospital steward ; and in 1901 became second lieutenant 
 in the fourteenth cavalry. He is now a second lieutenant on 
 the retired list ; and resides in Walla Walla. Wash. 
 
 Whiting, Vinson M., educator, lawyer, stockman, statesman, 
 was born Aug. 12, 1855, in Red Boiling Springs, Tenn. He 
 taught school for ten years in 1873-83; and in 18R3-87 was in 
 the circuit court clerk's office of Macon county, Tenn. Since 
 1886 he has been engaged in the practice of law in Red Boiling 
 Springs, Tenn.; in 1893 he was a representative in the Ten- 
 nessee state legislature; and has held various other positions 
 of trust and honor. 
 
 Willoughbv, William Franklin, secretary of Porto Rico, was 
 born July 20, 1867, in Alexandria, Va. He was educated at 
 the Washington high school; and received the decree of A. B. 
 from Johns Hopkins university. He has been a lecturer at the 
 Johns Hopkins university and at Harvard university; expert 
 in the United States department of labor; and has filled other 
 positions of trust and honor. He has been treasurer of Porto 
 Rico; and resides in San Juan, P. R. He is the author of 
 Workingmen's Insurance ; Territories and Dependencies ; and 
 other works. 
 
 Wilson, James. United States secretary of agriculture, was 
 born Ane. 16. 1835, in Scotland. Tn 1855 he moved to Towa. 
 locating in Tama county, where, as earlv as 1861 he engaged 
 in farming on his own account. He was eleceted to the state 
 legislature, and served in the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth 
 general assemblies, being speaker of the house in the last men- 
 tioned assembly. He was elected to congress in 1872, and 
 served in the forty-third, forty-fourth and forty-eighth con- 
 
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 663 
 
 gresses. From 1870 to 1874 he was a regent of the state uni- 
 versity, and made secretary of agriculture March 5, 1897. He 
 was elected to the fifty-third congress. Since 1897 he has been 
 United States secretary of agriculture; and resides in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 Willis, David, post chaplain United States army, was born 
 Jan. 7, 1823, in Adams county, Pa. He was educated at the 
 colleges of Washington and Tusculum, Tenn. ; and in 1850 
 graduated from the theological seminary of Columbia, S. C. 
 He soon thereafter was ordained to the gospel ministry ; and 
 has received the degrees of D. Dl and LL. d. He has held im- 
 portant pastorates in several of the states. First in Laurens- 
 ville, S. C. ; in 1860 became pastor of the First Presbyterian 
 church in Macon, Ga. ; and in 1870 was elected president of 
 the Oglethorpe university of Atlanta, Ga. In 1874 he became 
 pastor of the Western Presbyterian church of Washington, 
 D. C. In 1879 he was appointed post chaplain in the United 
 States army; and in 1886 was retired under operation of law. 
 He then became pastor of the North Tenth Street church of 
 Philadelphia ; and is now pastor emeritus of the Disston 
 Memorial church of that city. 
 
 Wilson, Jesse E., assistant secretary United States interior 
 department, was born Oct. 4, 1867, in Owen county, Ind. Since 
 1905 he has been assistant secretary United States interior de- 
 partment ; and resides in Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wood, Benjamin Franklin, lieutenant-commander United 
 States navy, was born Oct. 6, 1830, in Brownsville, N. Y. He 
 aws educated in the public and private schools of Dexter, N. 
 Y. ; and became an engineer in the United States navy. He 
 attained the rank of chief engineer; and has been connected 
 with various expeditions. Since 1883 he has held the rank of 
 lieutenant-commander in the United States navy, and is now 
 retired ; and resides in Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
 
 Wood, Leonard, major-general United States army, was born 
 Oct. 9, 1860, in Winchester, N. H. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Massachusetts ; attended the Pierce academy 
 of Middleboro, Mass. ; graduated from the medical schools of 
 Harvard university and has received the degrees of M. D. and 
 LL. D. In 1886-91 he was first lieutenant and assistant surgeon 
 in the United States army ; and in 1891-1901 was captain and 
 assistant surgeon. In 1898 he was colonel of the first United 
 States volunteer cavalry ; and in the same year became briga- 
 dier-general United States volunteers, and in 1898-99 was major- 
 general United States volunteers. Since 1903 he has been 
 
664 PROGRESSIVE AMERICANS 
 
 major-general United States army. He served as medical and 
 line officer in Lawton's Experdition which resulted in the cap- 
 ture of Geronimo, the Appache chief; and served against the 
 hostile Indians in Arizona and exico. During the Spanish- 
 American was he commanded a regiment in the Lap Guasamas 
 fight ; and was in the battle of Santiago. He was appointed 
 governor of Santiago de Cuba; and in 1899-1902 was governor- 
 general of Cuba. In 1903-06 he was governor of the Moro 
 Moro Providence, P. I.; and commanding-general department 
 of Mindanao ; and since 1900 has been in command of the 
 Philippines division. 
 
 Wood, Marshall William, lieutenant-colonel United States 
 army, was born June 3, 1846, in Watertown, N. Y. He was 
 educated at Belleville Union academy; Rush medical college; 
 and received the degree of A. M. from Bowdoin university. 
 Until 1902 he was a medical officer in the United States army; 
 then retired ; and is now engaged in mining. He has been 
 surgeon in the United States army ; president of the Idaho state 
 medical society; has received all the degrees of Mansonry ; and 
 belongs to all the patriotic socities. Since 1904 he has held the 
 rank of lieutenant-colonel in the United States army; is now 
 on the retired list ; and resides in Boise, Idaho. 
 
 Woodbury, Nathan F., member prohibition national commit- 
 tee for Maine, was born Jan. 20, 1850, in Sturbridge, Mass. He 
 is president of the Firames-Willard Shoe Co. ; and treasurer of 
 the Auburn-Lynn Shoe Co. Since 1880 he has been a member 
 of the Maine prohibition national committee, and is now serv- 
 ing the term of 1908-12. 
 
 Woodson, Robert Scott, United States army officer, was born 
 in Virginia. In 1884 he was appointed a cadet from Alabama 
 to the United States military academy; and attended that 
 institution of learning until 1885. In 1892 he was made assistant 
 surgeon ; is now employed in the United States medical corps 
 with the rank of major; and is stationed at Fort Hamilton, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Wotherspoon, William Wallace, brigadier-general United 
 States army, was born in the District of Columbia. In 1873 
 he became second lieutenant ; and in 1901 was promoted major. 
 
 Wright, Luke E., United States minister to Japan, was born 
 in 1847 in Tennessee. For eight years he was attorney-general 
 of Tennessee. Since 1903 he has been president of the United 
 States Philippine commission. He was civil governor of the 
 Philippine Islands for the term of 1905-07. He is now United 
 States minister to Japan at Tokyo. 
 
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