LIBRARY OF C ONGRE SS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1 > sS 1 S r\ o *-SJ 1 *\ ] i s 1 ■% t q „> d © w •*J X a 2 *>J <5l d A , 5ft 2 ^3 -J Qv -g +» >» ^» O **■ « >Y +* "^ ^ -sj 3 tj >J hey b horize Si ^3 Si 4J 4J S 3 w d i ^ ok, unles be duly i s sT £ 3 m ^j § 3 « * -3 a f 5^ 5 3 m 2*1 "•v C 3, 2*1 r •M 00 OQ ■£ 3 fl m bo O d ^ €* PATENT ***■ To all whom it may Concern: WlWWtf A. F. STOC'KWKLL, did on the /,/ day of JaniLcujj., 18tq, file in the efectet jlfc/uues of the '-Patent ('Ifirr at /Washington, (2. ,(;>., a co/lij of the Fateiit Eagle fanning: VfeTO8M| Mil mnm$, the Laid A. F. STOCKWELL, did an the hi daij of f'anranj, 18'bq, file a cofuj of the T>a±&Ykt Magics Tanning Process, in the ffleik'A Office of the fllnited -J lute, (Sutiict tfcn.it, (JJi«t,,cl of /WUcantin; NOW, THEREFORE; I warn all persona againat buying, selling, or using this Book, unless they buy the same of me, or my agents, who will be duly authorized to sell the same. - : 'ln lUMimom! -tHurcof. -J hatie hertunta .,.■■/ mij kand and affixed my Aeal, tlih ... dai( of in the g. ea+ of aiu .7 '■>.,/(' ne 3/wuAand fiy/d Muidfvd and -I l.: tij-:iuu> (s£«JL.) DIRECTIONS f X -or; USING TIJK PATENT EAGLE m ANOG PROCESS, iV'^M.^ PATENTED JAN. 1, 1869, \ F. STOCKWELI PUBLISHED BY A. F. STOCK "7ELL, PATENTEE, OMHO ; WIS. 1839 V 4 in the OflB l, January 1, 1869. •.inters, Car«roil according to *.<■<..{. ■•..■.--■ In the yar one thousand pight hundred «nd ?i*ty-nine, by A. V. Stookwkli., in the LHerk's Office United Statea District Court, Dmict of v. [.-<■< atJn THE PATENT EAC [ ; ' : ..•_•■ ;i ' -, J :;,; ; i:i L..': :'■ By L F. STOCKWr Said Grallileo at theit^oor of the Court of the Inqui- sition. "The world still moves." The great highway of progress is thronged by thousands whose busy minds are ever alive to the wants and requirements of the age. Improvement is the order of the day, and necessity, the mother of invention. Thus it ever will be that those who labor for the benefit of mankind, ^vill devel- ope new ideas and new methods for supplying their wants. Labor saving machinery • has taken the place of the time honored customs of our fathers ; thus doing atvay with much of the drudgery of former times. Many processes are before the public in order that our domestic animals together with the trophies of the hunt and chase may furnish such clothing at a very tri- fling expense. But progress marks the hour and as the cycling year rolls round, something of beauty, some- thing of undoubted utility presents itself to an admir- ing and astonished world. Now to the front comes this : PATENT EAGLE TAMING PROCESS. In presenting this Process to the public, the author would impress upon the minds of his patrons the neces- sity of implicitly following the directions given in this pamphlet, as they are the result of long , experience in the art of tanning. Much of the process is of great simplicity. Even a child can understand its applica- tion. Through its simplicity, it commends itself to all for practical use. The author's long and varied experience in the wilds of the Rocky Mountains, California and Oregon, among the pioneer trappers of the Great West-, in the Wig- wams of the red men, together with his extended knowledge of the most approved and scientific processes of tanning, has enabled him to compile this treatise with a view to the immediate wants of the people. Modern science has not disclosed such gratifying re- sults in any other way than by following the directions of the Patent Eagle Tanning Process. We challenge the world to produce as firm leather combined with such strength and durability ; or such a tine gloss on hair or fur — equal almost in every re- spect to that upon the live animal. Let it be understood that here you have a process that meets the wants of the farmer, hunter and the trapper. By this process, farmers are enabled to dress their sheep skins suitable for robes, mittens, etc., and also for coloring them : together with full directions for dressing furs in the neatest and most expeditious man- ner at a trifling expense, with the best method of dye- ing or coloring furs of all kinds ; and for dressing Deer skins in the most approved style, with colors for the same from bright buff to tan or jet black. Also for dressing Black and Grizily Bear, Buffalo skins, etc., etc , etc. Also a recipe for making the patent water- proof stuffing for leather, boots, shoes and harness, to- gether with the best recipes for enticing all fur and other wild animals into traps. County, Town and Family Rights, FOR S-AJLIE, ADDRESS A. F. STOCKWELL, OMRO, WIS. BIRKGTIOMS FOR 13SING THE PATENT EAGLE TANNING PROCESS, PATENTED JANUARY 1, 1869. By A. F.STOCKWELL, Oraro. His. First principles in tanning, as in everything else, are the most important to be understood and applied. Pre- paring the hide for tanning must be done thoroughly or the result will not be satisfactory. The tirst to be done is Soaking, Fhskiwij and Chansiiiy* SOAKING. Prepare the following mixture : 6 gallons Soft Water, } lb Starch, ^ prepared as for \ lb Sal Soda, I pint Salt, [starching.). | pint old Soft Soap, "l gill Sulphuric Acid. Green hides must be immersed from 12 to 24 hours,, dry hides from 2 to 6 days, or until all spots are soft- ened. This soaking will set the fur or hair on all tainted hides. All flesh and grease must be removed before tying too Ions in the soak. -PATENT E FLESHING. Blake a flcshinir beam of a smoothe slab seven feet loug a lid about 15 inches wide, put two legs about 2 feet from one end, the other end resting on the ground, the round side up. Lay the hide — when partially soaked — on the Blab, flesh side up; take a fleshing knife — a piece of scythe or an old musket bayonet or the back of a . knife with the cor und shar i one — and scrape down the hide un- til the v • h is removed. Flesh doe's not make Ieathi therefore care must be taken to remove all. CLEANSING FROM GREA All is, such as Dog 1 , Wolf. Black and Grizi ■tch the hide in a frame settii firmly in the ground with a cross piece top and bottom. Cut small holes in the edge of the hide through which r t cord and round pegs ome- what after the fashion of a drumhead. Take a round pointed shovel and scrape h side, thus easily remove) n the hide to I it becoi reen hide, wring from the soak, sleek or beam out the over the fleshing beam, wlieu the hide is readj for the TANNING >R FOIt LIGHT HIDES, Which is pre; allons soft r put £ a bushel wheat bran j let it stand in a m place until fermentation bakes place, strain out the to the liquor \ lb starch — prepare.! as for dons soft water, lbs common Salt, lj ounces Borax, !-'. ounces Saltpeter. J Outtbe Alum : 2\ pi nunc Acid, stir briskly while putting in the arid Place the hides in this liquor, handling thoroughly. The ofener they are aired the better. Light hides are tanned in 24 hours; heavy ones in from 2 to 4 days. —TANNING PROCESS- TEST OF THE TANNING LIQUOR When right it. h;i:- a vei at taste ; stron- ger tli injure tb,e bunds while h. When the liquor becomes reduced much • test, remove the hides from the vat, nod add feVmerjted bran liquor, salt nnd acid as be icient to increase its strength to the origi • trd. When tanned sufficiently, the hides are ready for FIN] Qg from the Tan Liquor and rinse ifl c then -wash the fur, hair, or wool clean in p suds with J lb Sal Soda to 5 gallons of water! Itub the hides on a wash-board, pound in a barrel i washing machine. The water should be as hot as the will bear. When washed sufficiently, be- all the water and Jiang out to dry in a shady place. The slower they, dry the better for the leather. When drv enough to whiten, pull light hides until whitened ; heavier ones may be placed on the . beam flesh Use the fleshing knife with one dull pushing stoutly in all directions. When whitened, ap- ply to the flesh side a thorough coating of the King of Leather Oil composed, as follows: 2 pints of either Sperm, Olive, Neat : foot Oil or fresh butler, 1 pint lu- bricating oil, 1 gill alcohol, a teaspoouful of concentrated lye dissolved, the yolk of 6 eggs well beaten. Jiang in the shade until nearly dry, then repeat the stretching —PATENT EAGLE— or whitening process. When ! >o dry, dampen by roll- ing in a wet cloth or in any other way. When the stretching is done, rover the hide with wheat bran un- til all moisture is removed. Smooth with saad paper, and scour the far or hair by taking wheat bran and fine sharp sand, equal pans; dry the sand and scorch the bran, then rub the fur or hair with it very hot with a stiff brush. This operation will remove all grease and enliven the fur or hair. Even old i'urs may be reno- vated in this way. The above is the simplest way for those tanning but few hides; but for extensive operations, instead of the last stretching over the beam, the hides may be broken in a wheel, made of boards, ten feet in diameter and two feet wide with pegs on the inside of the rim. Put in the hides, turn slowly so that the hides will drop on the pegs. When thoroughly broken, the fur or hair may be scoured by putting fine sand and plaster of Paris in the wheel and turning as before. Hides should be put in the wheel damp and kept in until dry. Take from the wheel and finish on an emory cylinder made of a log a foot in diameter and a foot long, larger in the middle than at the ends, on which put a coat of glue and a coating of fine sharp sand. Hold the hide on this cylinder in motion until the flesh side is nicely smoothed. MUSKRAT SKINS. These skins are very peculiar. The flesh being very tough, holds to the hide with exceeding tenacity, ren- dering them the most difficult of any to tan. The following is a very good method : Take equal parts of Alum. Salt, Salt Peter, and blue Vitriol. Pul- verize and wet with water to the consistency of cream. Spread on flesh side, roll up and lay away for 24 hours then wash and finish as for light hides. .Another. — Soak very soft, then immerse in the tan liquor for light hides from 12 to 24 hours; this toughens the hide. Plesh and place in tan liquor for light hides 24 hours. Wash and finish as light hides. —TANNING BROCESS.- MILK TAN. A very quick and cheap tan for furs and light hides is had by using the following directions: 1 quart Milk, 1 ounce Sulphuric Acid. Handle them all the time for fifty minutes, and work while drying. TAN LIQUOR FOR LIGHT HIDES. (By light hides all Furs, and Buck and Sheep skins are in- cluded.) 1 lb Salt, 4 qts Soft Water,. £ lb Sulphuric Acid, \ lb Starch, prepared as for starching clothes. Handle the hides often and air them, and when suffi- ciently tanned, rinse in cold water, and then wash clean in warm soap suds made of bar soap, sleek out and hang in shade to dry. When nearly dry apply the King of Leather Oil to flesh side and finish according to direc- tions heretofore given. FOR WOOLING SHEEP SKINS. Wash and thoroughly cleanse the wool, lay them on slats in a tight room and steam them for twenty-four hours, or until the wool slips off easily, leaving' the pelt in good condition for tanning. Flesh them by the usual process and lay them in the tan. The steam does not injure the hides in the least. To prepare ELK AND DEER SKINS FOR GRAINING. In the first place they must be subjected to the HAIRING PROCESS Composed of 10 —PATENT EAGLE— 8 qts Hard- wood Asbcs, G qts Air-slaked Lime, Mixed with 8 Galls, cold Soft \Y. They should remain in this mixture until the hair or wool slips off easily, which will require troni 1 to 6 days, owing in a great measure to the temperature of the weather. The cooler the weather the longer the time required to loosen the hair or wool. Scrape the wool or hair off over the fleshing beam. Or, the hair or wool may he removed by the process beretofor tioned. •The hide is now ready for BATING ; Which is done in order to remove the alkali ai duce the hides. (The alkali, if not taken out, \ injute the leather.) •an or 1 peck of Oat Meal fermented, or 1 lb Starch, £lb Sulphuric Acid, mixed with 8 galls warm Soft V.'ntcr. Let them remain in the bate, handling and and working them at least twice a day over the fleshing beam until they are reduced nearly to their original thickness and perfectly soft as when green, requiring as a general thing, from two to four days, depending much on the temperature of the weather. All light hides used for Gloves and Mittens, such as Calf, Deer, Deacon, and Sheep skins, should be raised again before tanning by immersion in a solution of Sal Soda, as fol- lows : • 2 ounces Sal Soda, - 4 qts Soft Water. They are now supposed to be properly haired, grained, and raised, ready for immersion in the Tanning Liquor heretofore described. Handle as therein directed and the result will be satisfactory. -TANNING PROCESS.— TO TAN LEATHER-.. J* HAIRING LIQUID. allons cold Soft Water, 8 ounces Sal Soda, 2 ounces Concentrated Lye. After soaking and fleshing, immerse in Ihe above liquor until the hair and grain can be removed easily; or, 1 qt Hard'-wb6d A'ih I qt Lii 1 gallon of Water, Will also remove the Lair or wool. Aucv real the hair or wool over tfhe fishing heim With a fleshing knife, immerse in a bating solution composed of 5 gallons Water, 4 ounces Starch, 1 gill Sulphuric Acid. The hide must lie in tins solution' from 2 to 4 and be worked over tlie beam once each day, then placed in the tan liquor for lign't Lie 1 Leather for gloves, ccc, must after the above, be laid in a solution of I lb Sal Soda, 2 gallons Water 12 hours before tanning. Finish as for light hi HEAVY LEATHER TAN. After hairing, as before described, immerse in 1 2 gallons Soft Water, 2 lbs Sal S 3 ozs Concentrated Lye, h lb Saltpeter, For 2 hours.' Then sleek out and place hi heavy leather tan, which is composed of 12 gallons Soft Water, .V bii : fermented Liquor strainc.1, 8 lbs Terra Japonica, - r ; lb Alum. 8 lbs Salt, Ub Saltpeter. —PATENT EAGLE— Handle well for 24 hoars. Air often. Add to the liquor I lb Soda Ash, stiriug thoroughly. Immerse the hides 4 days, then take them out and add 1 lb Alum, G lbs Terra Japonlca. Handle and air the hides often, until thoroughly tan- ned, haul, let drain, then rinse and scour iu first solu- tion ot water, sal soda, &c; sleek out, lay on a table, oil on grain side, and hang in shade to dry. When dry, dip in water until quite damp, skive and shave, alter which . scour ffesn side with water and a stiff brush ; sleek off with iron sleek, then scour same way the grain side and sleek with a stone sleek until every wrinkle is removed; then throw on water and finish scouring by applying brush and iron sleek, sleeking out the water as dry ae- possible, then hang in shade to dry. When half dry apply the glove leather liquor, or King of Leather Oil, on the grain side; when half in, apply the WATER PROOF STUFFING, Which is prepared as follows : .] lb O urn Shellac melted in- 1 pint Olive Oil, 4 oas Pine Pitch melted in 1 pint Cream, '2 ozs Beeswax, 2 lbs Tallow, ] pt lubricating Oil, 1 on Wheat or Rye Flour Paste, Melt together over a slow fire and apply to flesh side with sponge or brush. For books and harness, add lampblack. This is warranted, after two or three applications, to render any heavy leather impervious to water. It will finish cult skins superbly, fur either gloves, boots or shoes; only for glove*, it should be worked into the leather thoroughly. -TANNING PROCESS.— 13 GRAIN BLACKING. Put in a vessel of iron, 1 gallon soft Water, 2 ozs Sulphuric Acid and a quantity old iron, add 4 bzs Ex- tract Logwood dissolved ov$r a slow fire, cover tight, the longer it stands the better. When wanted for use. take sufficient aqua forth to dissolve immediately 4 ozs Copperas and 2 ozs Extract Logwood put in a deep stone jar, in an open room, immediately cover tight. When dissolved add to it 2 qts of the liquor from the old iron. Moisten the grain with warm sal soda water applied with a stiff brush; apply the blacking with a brush ; when nearly dry, set the black side down smooth with stone sleek. Remove the stuffing from flesh side with iron sleek, clean the black side with woolen cloths, then stuff with warm tallow, and hang up to dry. When dry sleek the tallow from the black side and finish by working with woolen cloths with energy. Apply sal soda enough to remove oil from outside. FLESH SIDE BLACKING. 2 qts Tanner's Oil, I paper Lampblack well stirred together, add £ pint Japonica liquor; apply with a stiff brush; when dry, clean with a woolen cloth ; then ap- ply with A.soSt brush a paste made of 3 pts boiling rain Water. 1 oz bar Soap, £ pt thickening made of fine tlour and water well stirred: Let boil a few minutes. When cool stir in 2 ounces Tragacanth, melted. When dried in, sleek black side with glass sleek. Apply another coat of \ paste \ gum evenly. When dry "finish by setting down with glass sleek. SOLE LEATHER. Lay hides, after hairing, &c. } in a vat as follows; \ inch thick oak saw-dust, then a hide — another \ inch saw-dust — another hide, etc., until all are laid down ; then cover the whole with heavy leather tan, let stand two months, and finish in usual way. GLOSSING FURS. Pack the skins in layers fur sides together, let lay U —PATENT BAG! iliey will have a very fine silky appear- To Anipnia add sufficient pulverized Ilhubarb to give in color; more rhubarb will give a red shade. Iier. — 1 oz crystalized Nitrate of Silver, 8 ozs Carbonate o? Ammonia, 1£ pin- r ater; cork tight. Apply to the surf I coat a beautiful bla< . •. .ite Silver, £ oz Sulphate of Zinc dissolved in 1 'jt of Rain Water, Will color furs or wool jet black. Equal parts Xitrate of Silver and of Zinc will color light bro«.ii. A clveap method of coloring is had by using the fol- lowing method : i oz Bichromate Potash. * 1 oz Ccpyeras. 1 o/. Extract of Logwood, solved in separate vessels containing each 1 pint of soft water. Apply first the Potash, second the Log- wood, third the Copperas to set the color. Let each dry before using the next. In dyeing or coloring furs, they must be perfectly free from oil, grease and dust. Apply all coloring dyes with brush or sponge. If the color should not be satisfactory, repeat the opera- tion until it is so —TANNING PROCESS.— 15 RECIPES, For J I Otter, Fisher, Marten, Sable, and other Fur bearing Animals: Take small fish, (Trout are the best, but Chub, Perch, Shiners, or any other kind) expose them to the weather until i hey become patrid, then break them up fine and bottle up in alcohol or whiskey. A few drops on the invariably cause them to get their foot into the c 3 following i.s sai.i to be good, but not having used it I cannot speak understanding^ of its merits. • ( I think it very good : 1 ounce Oil of Spike, i ounce Oil of Anise, 1 ounce Beaver Castor. Cut fine, and cork tight. Apply a few drops to the FOR-WOLVES AND FOX c Take the matrix of a female Dog when in heat, cut up fine, preserved in Alcohol. By applying a smal} quantity to the bait, will iusure success to the trapper. By putting some of it on a piece of meat and dragging it qh the ground or snow will entice them to the trap, for wherever they strike the scent they are sure to fol- low it up. Another : Equal parts of Oil of Rhodium, Oil of Cummin, and Oil of Anise, with sufficient Alcohol to cut the Oil, is first rate. This is used in taming horses. Tansy, or Oil of Tansy will remove all natural or dis- agreeable odors from Furs, Skins, or Hides. All persons are hereby warned against using the Ea- 16 —PATENT EAGLE— gle Patent Tanning Process withouthaving first obtained the right from me, or my authorized Agents, who will be furnished the proper credentials under seal from me. Nature of the Ingredients Used in the Patent Eagle Tan- ning Process. The Ingredients are all chosen with direct reference to their entire fitness : and each one, when used as directed, aids in giving durability to the leather. Ashes — Contain alkali, which strengthens and pre- serves leather. Alum — Sets the tan and brightens the color of the leather, and, in connection with other ingredients, renders it impervious to water. Borax — Softens the water and whitens the leather. Copperas — Darkens and sets vegetable colors. Gum Tragacanth — Is a vegetable gum : acts as a preservative ; is not easily dissolved ; is used as a pol- ish ; it brightens the color in leather, as a varnish does in wood, and is the most lasting of gums. • Lime — Raises the hide and loosens the hair, and has a tendency to harden the leather ; it should always 1)0 used with hard wood ashes. This combination of lime, ashes and water acts most beneficially in the proc- ess of manufacturing leather — for while the tan is rais- ing the hide the ashes toughens it and softens the wa- ter. Concentrated lye answers the same purpose as ashes, but cannot be used quite as safely by inexperi- enced hands. Lampblack — Is a well known coloring substance : will not unite with water, hence the fitness of its use upon leather. Beeswax — Acts as a preservative of leather, by re- taining the oils, &c. Flour Paste — Combined with beeswax holds the oil into the leather. Salt — Is cooling and cleansing ; mixed with acid, both become chemically changed ; the salt becomes salts, and absorbs the acid, destroying its fiery nature; it also aids in setting the hair and fur. —TANNING PROCESS.— 17 Siir.i'Hi itic Acid — Is cleansing and searching, and is of such a powerful nature as to destroy most sub- stances with which it comes in contact; hence it is never applied directly to the hides, &c.; it also gives gloss to furs and hair. Soft Soap — Softens, cleanses, strengthens and as- sists in raising the hide to prepare for tanning. Saltpeter — Softens and penetrates the leather, is cooling in its nature, and tends to assist other ingredi- ents in hastening the process. Starch or Oat Meal — Are softening in their ef- fects upon the liquors and hides ; also act as a poultice to extract the gelatine, and is a tan in a mild form. Beef Tallow — Is combined with the oils to give body to them, itself being of their nature. Terra Japonica — A powerful stringent, and a per- manent coloring dye. Milk — With other ingredients, when added to sul- phuric acid, changes the fiery nature of the acid and makes a rapid tan. Oak Sawdust— Contains a softening tan and pro- duces good leather, but is improved by its combination with other articles. Tanner's Oil — Not only softens but gives a perma- nent flexibility to leather and is a mild tan. Pine Pitch — Prevents water from entering the pores of the leather, and retains the oil. How to Make a Good Blacking: or Leather Preservative For harness boots and shoes : First clean by apply- ing with a stiff brush boiling zeig to the harness, scrub well. When half dry, sponge on to it the following preparation : To 2 qts Tanner's oil add £ pt boiled Linseed oil, and l#gill best Kerosene oil, and £ oz cam- phor gum ; dissolve in alcohol and add 3 heaping table- spoonfuls best lampblack, stir well, and fill the leather well. When dry, sponge on a thin coat Gum Traga- eanth melted to a paste in water over a slow fire. 18 A.GLE TANNING PROCESS — THE OBJECT I have in view in getting up this process is to manu- facture Leather that will be soft an . and endure the rougher usages, and yet be impervious to In this I have not been disappointed. All who have worked or worn it will testi stamp is a superior article. It can bo tanned in as short a space of time as a good article can be. My Fur-Skin tanning is of the first order — soft and I Another object the writer has in view is to instructions in so plain and simple a manner that every farmer may become his own t'ann^r and currier — from the heaviest daughter hide down + o the smallest rat. This embraces all the quick ways of Tanning, from that done in 50 minutes up to 2 months. Omro, J an vary 1, 18(>[>. A. F. STOCKWFLL. - I* H L I*1J, A O Tl i JhJ. The Patentee of The '^Patent Eagle Tanning Procj - ■■.' wiii prosecute any person who infringes upon his Patent. The purchaser of a Family Right to the Patent Eagle Tanning Process, cannot convey by any means or method whatever, to an) person hesioVs the members of his own household, a knowledge pf the Tanning \ . contained in the phamphlet. No person owning the Right in the Patent Eagle Tanning Procesaof ary territory, can operate outside or the limits of the territory tfe^eriboU iii his deeil, either by assignment of his Right, or by.Kiviii'r, by ajiy means, to any person, .a knowledge of the Tanning Process - * • - - « - 1 - i ■ * « .T in this Phamphlet. Any violation of the Jaw in those respects will be ur< secured to the full extent of the law. by the Patentee, should it come r I i- ki owlii