Class ^ Book. 7? 5i Pi ? •!$$• J |Eor|p Jtbbrg. •$• H^ *0^- M» ^M* — — ■ — • — — ■ — •$• forKsfjire. THE jfcisfarij nf &nrj)? $lnj, FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO ITS DISSOLUTION, BY James 3j|. Ebeltng, jflft. 29. "SSrjcn trjt substance of ttjese faaricks srjall Ijafae paasrt atoao, tl;eir berg staooajs toill be acrrutablc to postexitrj." — .fuller. ROBERT WHITE, PARK STREET. Mdccclxx. * 2To &f)e Etgftt p^onourafole &ije (£arl of Scarborough &i)is IMttme Is, IBg Ijis Horbsfjip's permission, Heoicatefcr ISj) one of tj)e mang tJjousanbs toijo tooulb (Uratetullg acfcnotoletrge tfje fcmoness tofjicf) permits tfjem to bisit antr enjog &f)e picturesque Beauties of tfye Ualleg antr B3*^SSS?eK@sg) * "V* HE art of phyfic, which I have profefled (with competent fuccefs) in this county, not being able for any long time to continue the people living in it, I have charita- bly attempted, notwithftanding the difficulty and almoft the con- trariety of the ftudy, to practice upon the dead, intending thereby to keep all which is, or can be, left of them, to wit, the fhadow of their names, (better than precious ointment for the body,) to preferve their memory, as long as may be, in the world, though for this latter undertaking I expect no more glory than I have gotten riches by the former," thus wrote Dr. Thoroton, in the preface to his " Hiftory of Nottinghamfhire." Almoft. the fame words are re- peated by Dr. Burton, in the preface to his " Monafticon Ebora- cenfe," And now for the third time they appear in this preface, becaufe they exactly exprefs the feelings of the Author. As far as he is concerned, the prefent " undertaking " is purely a work of love, at the fame time he has fpared no expenfe in collect- ing materials and no time in endeavouring to place them before the public in an acceptable form. His aim has been to make the volume intelligible to the general reader, and with that view all charters have been tranflated and foot-notes have been appended where obfcu- rity feemed to exift. The Author, however, cannot think his work anything like perfect ; ftill he has the fatisfaction of knowing that feveral documents have been refcued from oblivion which were fait becoming unreadable from extreme age, and that fome points of doubt with regard to the hiftory of the Monks and their Abbey which have hitherto exifted, have been finally fettled. «$• - — •$• vi ROCHE ABBEY. In thanking his numerous friends for their kind affiftance the Author is met at once by the melancholy fact that during the time this Volume has been going through the prefs, two from whom he received a large fhare of help, are no more. To that good and learned man, the Rev. J. Eaftwood, m.a., he was efpecially indebted for many ufeful fuggeftions and for carefully correcting all the tranflations ; and to Mr. W. M. Campfall he muft always feel thankful for the fervice he rendered in preparing many architectural drawings. To the Earl of Scarborough, the Author is greatly obliged for his kindnefs in allowing excavations to be made, to determine the ground plan of the Abbey, and to Mr. G. Naylor Vickers he is indebted for affiftance in carrying them out. He would alfo wiih to exprefs his deep fenfe of obligation to the Rev. John Stacye for his invaluable aid, and to Mr. Theophilus Smith, to Mr. W. Swift, Mr. J. Bohler, The Rev. J. T. Jeffcock, f.s.a., Dr. Sykes, and Mr. C. Jackfon for the kind affiftance they have each rendered. •$• — — ■ .$. •fc €anttnU. iList of Subscribers biii Eeference to plates ------- xtt Entrobuction - xb €ty Abbots 1 Efje Possessions 97 Wtft ^rrfjitecture, Jlonasttc Builbittjjs, attb tljetr Remains 161 gbbenba 179 Efje JHora of ftorfje 181 Inbex 189 tfig^&agggasfl * •* * list of Subscripts, His Grace The Duke of Norfolk, E.M. His Grace The Duke of Devonshire, K.G., L.L.D. His Grace The Duke of Newcastle. The Right Honourable The Earl of Scarborough. The Right Honourable The Earl de Grey and Ripon, K.G. The Right Honourable The Earl of Effingham. The Right Honourable Lord Wharncliffe. The Right Honourable Lord Foley. The Right Honourable Lord Halifax. Abbot, G. L. Aldam, W. Anderson, Sir C. H. I , Bart. Appleton, Rev. J., M.A. - Aveling, Stephen T. Aveling, Thomas Aveling, Miss Baines, William L. Barber, Fairless - Baxter, Dudley R. Bent, Rev. G. Bentley, Robert J. Binney, J. Bower, E. C. Bragg, William, F.R.G.S. - Brereton, Charles Brodhurst, G. - Broomhead, Barnard P. - Broomhead, John Broughton, John - Brown, Sir John - Brown, John Catling, Mrs. Robert Chaloner, Edward Chrimes, Richard Close, Thomas Cocking, Charles C. Coney, John Corbitt, William Coulson, Mrs. Coupland, J. M. - Sheffield. Frickley Hall, Doncaster. Lea, Gainsborough. Worksop. Lessnes Heath, S,E. Rochester. Needham Hall, Wisbeach. Bawtry. Castle Hill, Rastrick. Doncaster. Worksop. Finningley Park, Bawtry. Sheffield. Wadworth Hall, Doncasrer. Shirle Hill, Sheffield. Beverley. London. Sheffield. Blyth. Peterborough. Endcliffe Hall, Sheffield. Misson. Needham Hall, Wisbeach. Hermeston Grange, Worksop. Moorgate Grove, Rotherham. Nottingham. Wath-upon-Dearne. Awkley, Doncaster. Rotherham. Bellaport Hall, Market Drayton Tinsley. «#• LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. IX Dawson, George Depledge, John - Drabble, James - Drury, Robert - Dunn, Miss - Dunhill, John ... Ellenberger, Dr. - Emsley, Samuel - Frith, John ... Flockton, Thos. J. Foljambe, F. J. Savile Forrest, Charles - Fowler, William - Free Library ... Gardner, Samuel Gatty, Rev, Alfred, D.D. - Guest, John - Habershon, Matthew Henry Hadfield, M. E., F.I.B.A. - Hailstone, Edward, F.S.A. Hatfield, George Haywood, George Hogg, John Holmes, H. T. - Holmes, George Horncastle, John - Hotten, John Camden Hoyle, F. W., F.G.H.S. Hoyle, W. Dickon Hoyle, W. P. - Hubbard, Edward Isle Hugo, Rev. Thomas, M.A., F.R.S.L., F.S.A. Huntsman, Benjamin Ingleby, William Jackson, Charles - - - Jackson, Rowland Jackson, Samuel - - - Jeffcock, John ... Jeffcock, John T. - Jenkinson, William Jewitt, Lewellyn L., F.S.A. Jubb, James Shemeld Latimer, William Lawton, Miss M. - Laycock, R. - - - Leader, J. D. - Thorncliffe. Thorncliffe. Carlton. Sheffield. Bideford. Cliftonville, Brighton. Worksop. Sheffield. Sheffield. Sheffield. Osberton. Lofthouse, Wakefield. Whittington Hall, Derbyshire. Sheffield. Archer House, Abbeydale, Sheffield. Ecclesfield. Moorgate Grange, Rotherham. London. Sheffield. Horton Hall, Bradford. The Hermitage, Doncaster. Moorgate, Rotherham. Doncaster. The Laurels, Shortlands. Harthill. Edwinstowe. London. Eastwood Lodge, Rotherham. London. Ferham House, Rotherham. Rotherham. West Hackney, Stoke New- ington. West Retford Hall. Sheffield. Doncaster. Leeds. Attercliffe. Cowley Manor, Sheffield. Cowley Manor, Sheffield. Sheffield. Winster Hall, Matlock. Morthen Hall. Anston. Sheffield. Wiseton, Bawtry. Sheffield. ■ + * — - Park Cottage, Worksop. Sheffield. Collingham. London. London. Woolley Park, Wakefield. Worksop. Nottingham. Wollaton. Nostel Priory, Wakefield. Edwinstowe. Sheffield. Oakwood Hall, Rotherham. w # ffitfrontt to tyt Pates. Frontispiece. — General View of Ruins from south-west. Plate I. — Plan of Abbey Grounds, shewing old boundary wall. II. — Ground Plan of Abbey Church (restored), the dark portions indicate the present remains. III. — Elevation of interior of North Transept (east wall), with plan of Piers. IV. — Perspective details of Capitals, &c, Fig. I. Centre Pier in east wall of north transept, from north- east. „ 2. Side of south-east Tower Pier from south transept chapel. „ 3 and 4. Cap and Base from north window in chancel. „ 5. Cap from south window in chancel. „ 6. Corbel Pillar supporting the groined roof of chancel (north side). „ 7. Ditto ditto (south side). V — Fig. 1. Enlarged Plan of Tower and Nave Piers. „ 2. Enlarged Plan of Piers to north transept chapels. „ 3. Section of Capital of transept Pier. „ 4. Section of Base to ditto. „ 5. Section of Arch Moulding to same. „ 6. Section of Groined Moulding in aisles (transverse). VI. — Fig. 1. Plan of Pier (displaced). „ 2. Section of Tower Arch Moulding. „ 3. Ditto of String inside chapter house. „ 4. Plan of West Door Jamb (clear opening of door, 5 ft. 5 in.). „ 5. Section of Moulding, now in possession of Mr. Crossley, of Maltby. „ 6. Section of Mouldings to Jamb of Doorway into chapter house. „ 7. Section of String of chapter house (exterior). „ 8. Section of Base Mould of chapter house (exterior). ♦" — — «*■ REFERENCE TO THE PLALES. Xlll Plate VI. — Fig. 9. Section of String (triforium). „ 10. Section of Parapet (chancel). „ 11. Section of Label. „ 12. Section of String (clerestory). „ 13. Section of Groin Moulding (transept, &c). „ 14. Section of Groin Moulding (diagonal). „ 15. Section of Groin Moulding (early decorated), found in Chapter House. „ 16. Section of String (interior). ,. 17. Section of Base Moulding. „ 18 — 22, Sections of Bases to Window Shafts, &c. „ 23. Section of Base to west Door Jamb. „ 24. Section of Capital. ,,25 and 26. Sections of Window Shafts. VII. — Fig. 1. Section of Arch Mould (transitional), found near chapter house. 2. Section of Cap and Base to Shafts (decorated). 3. Elevation Section of Corbel, next entrance from Abbey Buildings to south transept. 4. Section of Piscina Mould. 5. Section of Window Jamb Moulding (transitional). 6. Section of Angle Shaft. 7 — 9. Sections of Window Jamb Mouldings in south chapel (decorated). 10. Section of Arch Moulding (decorated). 11. Plan of Window in south Transept chapel (decorated). 12. Elevation of Window in ditto (restored). VIII. — Fig. 1. Present condition of Easter Sepulchre (?) in north wall of chancel. „ 2. Piscina in south wall of north transept chapel. IX. — Various ancient incised Masons' Marks found on Roche Abbey. X. — Fig. 1. Secretum of Roche Abbey. „ 2. Matrix of the same. „ 3. First common Seal of Roche Abbey. „ 4. Last ditto, attached to the Surrender Deed. XI. — Fig. 1. Fragment of Capitals of West Door Jamb, found near the quarries, together with portion of String. „ 2. Cap and Base (perpendicular). „ 3 — 6. Various Fragments (transitional). •$• XIV ROCHE ABBET. XII. — Fig. I — 5. Fragmentary portions of the Easter Sepulchre, (?) &c, (decorated), discovered in excavating below it. „ 6. Ancient Copper Key found in ruins (Weight, 2^oz). XIII. — View of Abbey Gatehouse, from south-east. XIV.— Plan of Abbey Gatehouse. XV — Fig. 1. Plan of Jamb Mouldings of Gatehouse. „ 2. Section of Arch Moulding of Gatehouse. „ 3 and 4. Sections of Base Mouldings of Gatehouse. „ 5. Section of Groin Moulding (transverse). „ 6. Section of Groin Moulding (diagonal). „ 7 — 9. Capitals. „ 10 and 11. Corbels. T ** " # Hh Printed by R.White , Wor KSOP Hi* «► H- >< W w Q O M^ ^^5- ^>H ^M» Roche Abbey Plate III. Scale of Feet 5 h^ ^ Printed B? R White,Workkop -5- 4: Roche Abbey Plate 1Y %^v;^v , v k w . -■■ \ ti . w-y ■■'- i ' ;y l ''"s +r Printed by R .Whitj-:. . Workso** T *► tf i >< a. < w s o o ^ ^h -h Ah Roche Abbey ^ ♦* Plate YH -4^-* HH ■ '. by R.Weite .Worksop *♦ ± Roche Abbey T ^f PlateYIII ^fSfp|%; V 4c^.^%#^ ^ 'vtVl k^^v ., v., ■■'■ ' $^J$/>d atei^^mi ♦* ^ HH* . Roche Abbey r ■• Plate IX. ^ c by R .We it n , Worksop K^ ^ Roche Abbey. h^^+-J— jTLATE a -t*&* T Printed by R. White, Worksop Roche Abbey ^ +* Plate XI ^ Printed by R.White , Worksop HH <4y_ Roche Abbey ^kl PlateXH. .*?*- £5S-> 7 ■ ! > ;>' . i % \„< <4J< Wi If;. H ^V.#C\lDl L Hff* r &,.■■:-*- % /TV HH- Printed by R. White , Worksop '. -;■ > at K < ft "&■ Roche Abbey ^^ Plate XY. FIG." FIG.8. F1G.9 FIG. 10. FIG11 Printed ay R White . Worksop ^ * y» *- ■* N the beginning of the twelfth century, after the Crusaders had taken Jerusalem and had completed the massacre of its inhabitants, after they had fallen down, their swords still streaming with the blood of women and children, before the holy sepulchre, weeping in the ecstasy of their devotion ; and after Robert, Duke of Normandy had lost his crown by loitering upon the road, to espouse Sibylla, the daughter of an Italian Count : Henry I. foreseeing that his usurped crown would sit uneasily, endeavoured, by a charter which he then passed, to gain the confidence and love of his subjects. He, in this charter first makes great concessions to the church, promising "that at the death of any Bishop or Abbot he never would seize the revenues of the See or Abbey during the vacancy, but would leave the whole to be reaped by the successor ; and that he would never let to farm any ecclesiastical benefice, nor dispose of it for money." The King had also another object in conciliating the favours of the clergy and especially of Anslem who, from his zeal and piety of character, had obtained great authority in the kingdom. Henry proposed to marry Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III. King of Scotland, and niece to Edgar Atheling, but as that princess had been brought up in the nunnery of Rumsey, the legitimacy of the act became a matter of doubt and the religious prejudices of his subjects had to be overcome ; which difficult task the church alone could perform. The concessions contained in this charter, and other things tending to give confidence to the clergy caused religious houses to spring up so fast, that dur- ing the thirty-five years in which Henry reigned no less than one hundred and fifty were established. Five new orders also came into England during this reign, and one of these was the Cistercian, to which order the monks of Roche Abbey belonged. Of all the orders which sprung from the Benedictines, the Cistercian was the most popular. Their first monastery was at Cisteaux— now Gilley-les- Citeaux about twelve leagues to the north of Chalons-sur-Saone. To this 4p - — •$» xviii ROCHE ABBEY. place Robert, Abbot of Molesme, having obtained the Pope's sanction, retired together with twenty-one of his brethren. Cisteaux at that time, 1098, was a dense and tangled wilderness, inhabited only by wild beasts, but Robert de Molesme disgusted with the laxity of those he had left, was determined, most effectually, to separate himself from the world. The more wild and uninviting the place, therefore the more tempting was it to this ascetic Abbot. He imme- diately commenced cutting away the thorns and crowded trees, and under the protection of Otho, Duke of Burgundy, and the Bishop of Chalons, soon laid the foundation stone of the first Cistercian Abbey. The first Abbey of this order in England seems to have been at Waverley, in Surrey, founded about the year 1128, thirty years after Robert de Molesme's entrance into the wilderness of Cisteaux. Mr. Rastal, however, in his Chronicles says that " the order of Cysteaux was first brought into England by Walter Espeke, who founded the first Abbey of that religion at Ryvall." Although this abbey may not have been the first in England, it was, doubtless, the first in Yorkshire. The rules of the Cistercian order were very strict, but did not last so long. Their houses were to be built in solitary places, and to be dedicated to the Holy Virgin. All secular affairs were to be placed in the hands of lay-brothers. Their revenues were to be divided into four parts — to the bishop a fourth ; to the priests a fourth ; to the exercise of hospitality a fourth, and a fourth for widows and orphans, the sick, and repairs of the church and cloisters. They were not to possess any churches, altars, ovens, mills, towns, or serfs. They were not to permit any women to enter their Abbeys or any dead to be buried there. They were to wear no leather, linen, nor fine woollen cloth, neither were they, except on a journey, to put on any breeches, taking heed to deliver them up, fair washed, upon their return. They were to have two coats with cowls, which they might lessen but not augment, and in which habit they were to sleep. They were to obs.erve strict silence, save to their Abbot or Prior ; to " devise extraordinary afflictions for their own bodies, to the intent their souls may be advantaged ;" to fast, to prostrate themselves before visitors, and to wash their feet. a The Cistercians were sometimes called " White Monks " owing to the colour of their habit, which consisted of a white cassock with a narrow scapulary. According to a legend of this order this colour was assumed at the wish of the Virgin Mary, intimated in a vision to St. Bernard. When they were at work or abroad a black gown fastened about the waist with a black girdle of wool was worn over the white to protect it from dirt. They also wore a cowl and a hood of black. The lay-brothers and novices were always clad in a dark colour. a Peter, of the Grandimont order, wore upon his naked body a coat of mail; his bed was made of a hard board, having neither straw nor coverlet ; " with often kneeling, kissing of the ground, and beating it with his forehead and nose, he rendered his knees and hands hard like a callus, or horn, and his nose crooked." 4 •$• $> _ 4" INTRODUCTION. xix The Cistercians performed their devotions seven times in the twenty-four hours, as follows : Nocturnal at 2 a.m. Prime at 6 a.m. Tierce at 9 a.m. Sexte at noon. None at 3 p.m. Vespers . at 6 p.m. Compline at 7 p.m. The vestments, utensils, and ornaments of the church were ordered to be very plain. The crosses were to be of painted wood uncarved, and the candle- sticks of iron. Pictures and painted glass were not to be allowed. From the following history the reader will learn that this humility and self- denial did not last long. Wealth, even when it entered the walls of a monastery could not leave luxury without ; nor could the monk exercise the power which the ignorance and superstition of the people allowed him without pride. Not many years had elapsed from the institution of the order, before the Cistercian Abbot might have said with the Benedictine, " my vow of poverty has given me 100,000 crowns a year, my vow of obedience has raised me to the rank of a sovereign prince." When the bold usurper, Stephen, obtained his throne the power of the church had become so great that the mitre might be said to rule the crown, and it is doubtful whether that monarch would have so easily received from the pre- late the rite of royal unction and consecration, had it not been for the interest and assistance which he obtained through his brother Henry, who was at that time Bishop of Winchester. Stephen, like his predecessor, well knowing the importance of securing the good-will of the clergy, lost no time in passing a charter in which he made most liberal promises to the church ; and hoping still further to steady his tottering crown, pleased the Pope by desiring him to ratify, by a bull, his groundless title. Religious houses, during the reign of Stephen, continued to be established, notwithstanding the misery and confusion in which the kingdom was involved, even with greater rapidity than in the time of Henry. " Emperors and Em- presses, Kings and Queens, Dukes and Duchesses, exchanged the sceptre and the ducal coronet for the crosier, deserted their thrones and honours in order to assume the titles of ecclesiastics and to wear their habits, and instead of labour- ing to conquer the world, forsook it, and thereby gained a greater victory — a victory over themselves." During the short space of eighteen years and nine months which Stephen reigned, no less than one hundred religious houses were founded. At this •§• XX ROCHE ABBET. ^ period the Cistercians gained the summit of their popularity, no fewer than thirty-two abbeys of that order having been added to the thirteen already existing. Among the thirty-two Cistercian Abbeys founded in the reign of Stephen, was one vieing with others in magnificence and interest, the Abbey of Sancta Maria de Rupe, or Roche Abbey. The Abbey of Roche was situated near the south-eastern extremity of the county of York, within a short distance from the boundary of Nottinghamshire : its site being about nine miles from the towns of Doncaster and Worksop, somewhat less from that of Rotherham, and still nearer to the once celebrated castles of Tickhill and Conisbrough. It seems desirable for a more distinct understanding of the following history of the place, that a slight sketch should be premised of the general history of the adjoining district and its early lords, some of whom were among the founders and principal benefactors of Roche Abbey. Previously to the Norman Conquest the lands in this neighbourhood were held by a variety of proprietors, of whom the chief were Earls Harold and Edwin, respectively Lords of Conisborough and Laughton. Shortly, however, after that great event, almost the whole of the manors about here became the prey of three great companions in arms and also family allies of the Conqueror, these were Roger de Busli, Robert, Earl of Morton, and William de Warren — of these Roger de Busli held the largest share, if we include his manors in the county of Nottingham, where he was lord of not less than 170 estates, and also many in the county of York. The head of his fee was, at first, placed at Blyth, in Nottinghamshire, but afterwards removed to Tickhill where he commenced the erection of a castle, on a site which had formerly been occupied as a Brigantian stronghold. The castle of De Busli soon rose to such importance as to give a new name, that of Tickhill, i.e. The Wick Hill or Castle Hill, to the vill, to which it was adjacent, which had previously been called Dadesley, under which designation it appears in the Domesday survey. It is a remarkable fact, however, and one worthy of observation, that this castle, which conferred a name on the town with which it was connected, and on the Honour of which it formed the head : in the earliest documents in which it is mentioned, is called the castle of Blythe, that is, no doubt, the castle of the honour, not of the vill of Blythe. This latter place, Roger de Busli had given as endowment for a Priory of Benedictine Monks, which he founded there in A.D. 1088. He died in A.D. 1099 leaving a son of the same name, who did not long survive him, and died with- out offspring. After the death of the latter, the extensive fee which they had enjoyed was, for some time, either in the hands of the crown, or of persons to whom it was temporarily assigned by the sovereign, till it was restored to a descendant of the house of De Busli in the person of Alicia, Countess of Augi or Eu, who held it in the reign of Henry III, and whom we shall hereafter meet with in our history. This great lady derived her pedigree from Beatrix, # INTRODUCTION. xxi «$• the sister of Roger de Busli, and although she did not appear to have had so good a title to the honour as the representatives of the male branch of the family, who derived their origin from Ernaldus a brother of Roger, who dis- puted it with her, yet she contrived to maintain her position, chiefly it would seem by royal favour, until, according to Dugdale, she forfeited it about 37th Henry IIL» Among the numerous manors which Roger de Busli held hereabouts, Maltby, in which the Abbey of Roche was mainly seated, formed a not un- important one. Previously to the Norman Conquest, it had been the property of one Elsi, but at the time of the great survey it was held, in part, in demesne by Roger himself, and the rest was cultivated by his villeins and borderers. Shortly, however, after that date, it appears that Roger subinfeuded his brother Ernaldus here, as also at Kimberworth and other places, where his family held, on the whole, as much as six knight's fees. At Kimberworth the descendants of Ernaldus had long a mansion and a park ; they possessed also Sandbeck, immediately adjoining our Abbey, with which valuable estate we shall find one of his race, the great heiress of the house, Idonea, the widow of Robert de Vipont endowing the brotherhood of Roche. Richard de Busli, the co-founder of the Abbey, was the grandson of Ernaldus. He was not only liberal to this house, but also a benefactor to a kindred establishment, that of Kirkstead, in Lincolnshire, the monks of which had already gained a footing on the confines of his estate at Kimberworth, where they had a small establishment and some property, at the place afterwards called Thundercliffe Grange. To these brethren, about the year 11 60, he granted sufficient land for the erection of four ironworks, two for smelting the ore and two for forming it into bars, together with liberty to dig for ore in any part of his Kimberworth manor : they were also to have liberty to pasture their horses and cattle there, and to collect dry wood. There is little doubt, that the building erected by the monks at that time, as a stable for their beasts, and residence for their forgemen exists, little altered, at the present day. It stands, in a very elevated situation, adjoining the road from Rotherham to Wortley, within a short distance of the " Keppel Column," and is well worthy of observation, as a very ancient and curious struc- ture. Maltby, and the other estates of this branch of the De Busli family, con- tinued in the hands of persons of that name till the reign of King John, when they passed by the marriage of Idonea, the heiress of the house, with Robert de Viteri Ponte or Vipont, into this latter name. Here they continued for three generations, till they again passed by the marriage of two co-heiresses, Isabel and Idonea, into other families ; the former, being the elder sister, having in 52nd Henry III married Roger son and heir of Roger Lord Clifford ; the younger, 1st Roger de Leyburn, and 2ndly John de Crumbewell, who had in her right the manor of Kimberworth. She died without issue, and it would Rot. Fin. 37th Henry III., Baronage, vol. i., p. 137. -* * XX11 ROCHE ABBEY. appear before her death had conveyed the manor of Maltby to her nephew, Robert de Clifford, and in this great family the manor was vested, with slight intermissions, till the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when it was sold in 1587 by George the 3rd, Earl of Cumberland, of that race, to Sir Edward Stanhope, whose son again sold it to Sir Nicholas Saunderson, from whom it has descended to its present noble owner, the Earl of Scarborough. The family connexions of the De Busli race will perhaps be more clearly understood from the follow- ing pedigree derived from TJwrotoiis " History of Nottinghamshire." Roger de Busli=pMuriel ob. 1099. r^ Roger de Busli the 2nd. ob. s.p. circa. I loo. Ernaldus de I Busli Jordan de Busli I Richard de Bush co-founder of Roche Abbey. John de Busli. I Robert de Viteri Ponte-pldonea de Busli or Vipont only d. and h. ob. I24l. a ob. ia Henry III. John de Vipont= ob. 25 Henry III I I Robert de Vipont=pIsabel, sister and co-h. of Richard Fitz-John. ob. 48 Henry III."' | _ I -, Eeatrix Henry John I Henry I Alicia, Countess of Augi I or Eu. Henry, Earl of Augi. Isabel de Vipont=pRoger s. and h. of m. 52. Henry III Lord Clifford ob. 11. Edward I. Robert de Clifford=Matilda ob. 8. Edward II. co-h. of Thomas de Clare. Roger de Leybun=Idonea de Vipont=John de Crumbewell. 1st husband. ob. s. p. \ Another great lord of the soil in this neighbourhood at the time of the Domesday survey, as we have already intimated, was Robert, Earl of Morton, the half-brother of William the Conqueror. He held a vast number of manors in Yorkshire, the greater part of which were apportioned to two subinfeudatories, Richard de Surdeval and Nigel de Fossard. Some few, however, he retained in his own hands, and of these was the one with which we are now principally concerned, that of Hooton, afterwards distinguished from several others of the name, within a short distance, by the addition of Levet, from the name of the family which subsequently possessed it. This small manor detached from his other estates, and surrounded by those of Roger de Busli, had strangely escaped the rapacious maw of that great leviathan of manors hereabouts. It was held in demesne by Earl Robert, and cultivated by his villeins and a Excerpta e Rot. Fin. Henry III. vol. i. p p. 357, 371. * „ „ vol. ii. p. 410. * * -* INTRODUCTION. xxiii borderers, but it did not long continue in his possessions, for it was soon for- feited together with all his other English estates, and appears then to have be- come vested in the family of Fossard, who thus were elevated to the position of chief tenants. They did not, however, occupy the land themselves, but subin- feuded the house of Vesci, Lords of Rotherham, and these again invested with the actual possession of the soil, a family named Fitz-Turgis. The first person of this race of whom we find mention is Richard Fitz-Turgis, also named De Wickersley, from his having become possessed of the manor of that place, which he held of the Lords of Bentley, the Newmarches, and they again of the castle of Tickhill. It was this Richard, who was so happily joined in the bonds of christian brotherhood, but too rare in such cases, with his neighbour De Busli, Lord of Maltby, whose estate there was separated from his own, only by a small brook, as heartily to co-operate with him, in the foundation of the Abbey of Roche. He was succeeded in the estate by a son, who was also a benefactor to the house, and the latter by a daughter named Constantia his sole heiress, who carried the property into the family of De Levet by her marriage with William de Levet. With the Levets the manor continued till the time of Henry V. about which period they disappear. It then seems to have become the property of the Cliffords, and is mentioned among the places of which Thomas, Lord Clifford died seised in 1454. From that time its descent, it is believed, has been the same with Maltby, to the Earl of Scarborough." The other principal fee in this neighbourhood whose lords were special benefactors of Roche, was that of Conisborough. This manor with its numerous dependencies, as already intimated, had before the Conquest been the property of Earl Harold, afterwards King of England, but after that event became the portion of William de Warren, who married Gunnora, the daughter or rather daughter-in-law of the Conqueror. The lands of his Yorkshire fee lay not only at Conisborough and in various townships extending to the extreme confines of the county southward, but also beyond Doncaster, where Hatfield and a large surrounding district was dependent upon it : there being, however, an extensive tract of country intervening which was not in Warren's possession. And it was, as we shall see, at Hatfield and its neighbourhood that the Abbey of Roche was specially benefited by that great family. The manor of Conisborough remained in the family of Warren till the time of Edward III, when their possessions came into the hands of the crown. It was settled on the Princes of the house of York, and became the property of Edmund of Langley a younger son of the King. At the castle here it would appear that he some- times resided, and here his second son Richard, who enjoyed the title of Earl of Cambridge, was born. This Prince married, as his second wife, Maud a daughter of Thomas, Lord Clifford, who as we shall find in our subsequent history, made a Hunter's " South Yorkshire," vol. i. p. 265. 4 $. -•#• XXIV ROCHE ABBEY. her will at Roche Abbey, in which she directed that her body should be buried there. It appears unnecessary to pursue this general history any further, so much, however, it seemed desirable to premise, in order to enable the reader more intelligently to peruse the following history. This history will be found digested under the three following principal heads. I. — The Abbots. II. — The Possessions. III. — The Architecture, Monastic Buildings, and their Remains. And under these heads, it is trusted, that a full and accurate account will be furnished respecting the venerable and interesting Abbey of Roche. *- ■*. * * IList of tfje mbote of Bocfjc Ebfceg. I Durandus .... 1147 2 Dionyfius .... "59 3 Roger de Tickhill 1171 4 Hugh de Wadworth 1179 5- Ofrnund ..... 1184 6 Reginald .... 1223 7 Richard .... 1238 8 Walter .... 1254 9 ^/^« ..... 1268 IO "Jordan . . • . *** 1 1 . PM]) ... ** * 12 Thomas . . „ 1286 x 3 Stephen ..... 1287 H j^/m . . 1300 15 Robert ..... 1300 16 William .... 1324 J 7 Adam de Gykellfwyk J 33° 18 Simon de Baukewell x 349 J 9 John de AJlon '• 1358 20 Robert i39 6 21 John Wakefield 1438 22 John Gray 1465 2 3 William Tikil 1479 24 Thomas Thurne . • . i486 2 5 William Burton 1488 26 John Morpeth . 1 49 1 27 John Heflington !5°3 28 Henry Cundal, furrendered in 1538 *- •$• *- * ffittratrtrtta. i H7— IJ 59- URANDUS, bearing in his hand a crofs of ^.wood, and followed by twelve monks," in |%s imitation of Chrift and his twelve Apoftles, might have been feen, in the middle of the jjjfl twelfth century, wandering about a defolate I and tracklefs foreft — which, at that time, 'Sj^s covered the South of Yorkshire — in fearch Off. W of unappropriated land in a retired fituation, where he might lead a holy life, and by labour win from the earth the little fuftenance which his abftemious habits demanded. With much " Travail and hungre, thurfte, and colde," he might have been feen to enter a namelefs valley, whofe tangled Hopes w J were fheltered from the inclemency of the North by a range of lofty gray and venerable looking rocks. And as the good Durandus entered, we ftill may picture the flam of joy which crofTed his weary countenance when he became convinced, from its wildnefs and extreme folitude, that the long-fought refling place had been found. And as he flood elated at the fitnefs and beauty of the fpot, imagination ftill may mow us the monks approaching, one, with tidings of a fpring, furpaffing in purity any he had before met with; and another, with awed and eager ftep, relating that, wandering near, he has found hewn out upon a rock, by God's own hand, an image of our Saviour on a Crofs ! And may we not ftill in our s " For threttene is a convent as I geflTe." — Chaucer. * ^ 4 ROCHE ABBEY. minds fee Durandus and his twelve bowed down before that my flic rock in filent thankfulnefs and deep devotion ? This valley, fo peaceful and retired, and contrafting fo ftrongly with the turmoil and buftle of the world, and the horrors of civil war (at that time being carried on between Stephen and Matilda,) is fituated in the parifh of Maltby, and the flream which panes through it formed the boundary line between the lands of Richard de Bufli, and Richard Fitz Turgis, lords of Maltby and Hooton. In this valley — this lonely and beautiful wildernefs — Durandus and his followers fettled down under the title of "Monachi de Rupe," or 'Monks of the Rock,' living for a time in rude huts under trees, and depending partly upon their own exertions and partly on the charity of others for their fupport. How long the community remained in this condition is not known, but it is not probable that their privations lafted long, for in thofe days the endowment of a religious houfe was looked upon as a high privilege, and lords of the foil loft no time, when an opportunity prefented itfelf of doing that which they believed would both immortalize their names and fave their fouls ! Upon the 30th day of July," in the year of grace 1147, the Houfe of Roche was founded by Richard de Bufli and Richard Fitz Turgis. The following are tranflations of the foundation charters: — Charter of ftirfjaro oc 23u£li, b concerning tfje founoation of tijc W&c$ of 0ocl)e. "BE it known to all who fee or hear thefe letters that I, Richard de Bufli, with confent of my wife and heirs, have given to God and St, Mary, and to the Monks of the Rock, for the falvation of my foul, and the fouls of all my anceftors, the whole wood from the middle of the road from Eilrichethorpe to Lowthwaite, and fo far as the water which is the boundary between Maltby and Hooton, and the two farts which belong to Gamul, with a great culture which is there adjacent and common of pafture for a hundred fheep, in number fix fcore, in the foke d of Maltby, by this tenure, that they build their Abbey on whichfoever a Mr. Hunter makes this date "June," but he is evidently in error, for the pafiage in the " Succeffio Abbatum^" " tertio kalendas Augufti," can mean nothing elfe than the third day from the kalends of Auguft. — "South York- shire, vol. i. p. 269." b Richard de Bufli was grandfon of Arnaldus, who was brother to Roger de Bufli, an eminent Aorman, who followed the Conqueror, and obtained great pofleffions. c A piece of wood land turned into arable. d Territory. •$*" DURANDUS. fide of the water they pleafe, according as the fituation of the place {hall be more fuitable, Richard de Bufli and Richard Fitz Turgis agreeing between themfelves that both mould be the founders of the Abbey, on whichfoever's property the Abbey may be built, as a perpetual charity, free and quiet from all fecular fervice or gift. Before thefe witnefTes, Adam de Newmarch, Hugh de Stainton, Odo Filius Johannis, Willielmus Filius Raveni, Jordan Painel, Gamel Filius Befingi, Hugh de Langthwaite, Robert de Scalzebi, William le Buteiler, William de Mileri, Robertus, Filius, junior, Richard Barbot, Gervafe de Barneby, Swein, fon of Tor and Jordan, his fon." Cfjc Charter of ftirfjaro jpttj €ut£t£, rejecting tfjc f ounoation of tfjc 2TOcp of ftoctje- " BE it -known to all who fee and hear this Charter, that I, Richard Fitz Turgis, with the confent of my wife and heirs, have given to God, St. Mary, and the Monks of the Rock, for the falvation of my foul, and the fouls of my anceftors, the whole land from the borders of Eilrichethorpe, as far as the brow of the hill beyond the flream which runs from Fogfwell, and fo to a heap of {tones which lies in the fart of Em, and fo beyond the ■ road as far as the Wolfpit, and fo by the head of the culture of Hartfhow to the borders of Slade Hooton ; all that land, and all that wood below thefe bounds and common of pafture of all my land, and fifty cart loads every year in my wood of Wickerfley, where I {hall provide, or fome one on my behoof, for a perpetual charity, free and quiet from all fecular fervice, on this condition — that they build an Abbey on whichever fide of the water they pleafe, according as the fituation of the place {hall appear beft, Richard Fitz Turgis and Richard de Bufli agreeing between them- felves, and conceding that both be founders of the Abbey, on whofe- foever fide of the water it may happen to be. Before thefe witnefTes, Adam de Newmarch, Hugh de Stainton, Odo Filius Johannis, Willielmus Filius Raveni, Jordan Painel." In thefe fancy-bazaar and begging-letter days it is difficult to enter into the feelings of two men, who, in the twelfth century, were fo much in earneft, and fo full of faith, that they could with- out hefitation give up fo large a portion of their pofTeflions for the purpofe of building and endowing a monaftery, wherein a few •$• ROCHE ABBEY. ftrolling monks, who had chofen to fettle upon the borders of their eftate, might live and worfhip God after their own fafhion. Two great inducements for fuch a facrifice are, however, prominently mentioned in both charters. The firft is — " the falvation of their fouls and thofe of all their anceftors " (no fmall boon ! ) ; and the fecond is, the honour of being founders. The whole of their lands and woods were given to God, St. Mary, and the Monks of the Rock, "on this condition, that both be founders." The building of the Abbey, doubtlefs, commenced at once, as both wood and good building ftone were to be procured on the fpot in abundance, no delay would be occafioned in collecting materials. Durandus would, therefore, have the pleafure of feeing the firft ftone of his Abbey laid, and of dedicating it, as was the Ciftercian cuftom, to the Bleffed Virgin Mary. At the laying of the foundation of Croyland Abbey, which took place a few years earlier, the pious Abbot Toffred began by faying prayers, and fhedding a flood of tears. Then thofe who had come to affift in the ceremony each laid a ftone, and upon it depofited a fum of money, a grant of lands, tithes, or patronages, or a promife of ftone, lime, wood, labour, or carriage, to affift in building. Richard de Bufli and Richard Fitz Turgis moft likely followed the liberal cuftom of the ftone-layers at Croyland, and Robert de Scalzebi and Adam de Newmarch probably followed their good example, they having been two of the earlieft benefactors of the houfe, and, as the reader may have noticed, two of the witnefTes to the foundation charters. It has been a fubjed: of doubt from which abbey Durandus and his monks came, and fome, not content with the fufficiently dif- ficult talk of deciding from which of the Britifh abbeys they were derived, have gone fo far as to fuggeft the poflibility of their foreign origin. Thefe doubts, however, need no longer exift, as there is fufficient evidence to prove beyond a doubt from whence they came. From the narration of Hugh, a monk of Kirkftall, which is printed in the Monajiicon Anglic anum, vol. v., p. 299, we learn the following : — In the fifth year of the foundation of Fountains Abbey, a noble man, Ranulph de Merlay, came to vifit that abbey, and feeing the converfation of the brethren was ftruck with compunction, and under the Lord's infpiration, for the redemption of his foul, afligned a certain place in his patrimony for building a monaftery. The Abbot of Fountains accepted the offering, and the building having «$♦ — ,$. * DURANDUS. been arranged in due form, he conftrucl:ed an abbey which he called Newminfter. And this was the firft daughter of the Church of Fountains, as yet the only one of her mother. In the fifth year of its foundation a convent was sent out from Fountains to Newmin- fter, with Abbot Robert, a holy and religious man, formerly monk of Whitby, who joined himfelf with thofe who left St. Mary's Abbey, York, to found Fountains. Thus Newminfter had its beginning. And this was the firft plant which proceeded from our vineyard. The holy feed nourifhed in the foil, and as if received into the bofom of a fertile ground, forthwith increafed into a ftalk, and from a few grains arofe a copious crop. For emulating the fecundity of her mother, fhe brought forth three daughters — Pipe- well, Salley, and Roche. The truth of this narration is corroborated in many ways. Dr. Whitaker, in his Hijiory of Craven, p. 36, gives a charter/ mewing that Swain Fitz Swain fold to Robert, the Abbot of Newminfter, fome land to build an abbey upon of the Ciftercian order (Salley Abbey.) In the Monaflicon Anglic anum, vol. v. p. 34, there is alfo a charter proving that the original monks of Pipewell came from Newminfter: and the evidence is completed by the letters b of the Abbot of Newminfter to the Archbifhop of York, requefting him to confirm the election of the Abbots of Roche. The Abbot of Newminfter, in one of thefe, ftyles himfelf " Father Abbot and immediate Vifitor of the Monajiery of Roche." Henry, prior of Roche was elected abbot of Newminfter in 1 2 1 6. The Abbey of Newminfter is fituated at a fhort diftance from Morpeth, in Northumberland. One doorway alone of the original building remains. From this monaftery then, the "Monks of the Rock" came, fent forth by St. Robert, the firft abbot of Newminfter, a Yorkfhireman by. birth : and it is not unlikely that he aflifted them as he did the monks of Salley in their early poverty. After having lodged for fome time in huts, living on " boiled leaves and herbs," as the monks of Fountains had firft done, and with the profpect of winter before him, how gladly muft they have received the meflage of the lords of Maltby and Hooton, offering to build and endow them an abbey ! How fpeedily, too, muft the fcene have changed ! Where a few filent monks had been dwelling in * Dr. Whitaker has miftaken the meaning of the words " novi monafterii" in this charter, and places Robert, the Abbot of Newminfter, at the head of the abbots of Salley. b See page 62. c The life of St. Robert is given in Alban Butler's "Lives of the Saints," under June 8th. Should it not be June 7th ? i> .w. _^j, 8 ROCHE ABBET. folitude, a throng of noify workmen now appear. And inftead of the peace which had hitherto reigned,the rattle of carts, the tramp of horfes, and the founds of pickaxe and fpade are heard. It muft have been an anxious and a happy time for the good Durandus, as he walked among the labourers, watching their daily progrefs, and pondering upon the glory of the future. In the crafh of falling timber, and in the founds of mafon's tools chipping and fhaping the fair white ftone, he, perhaps, forefaw his beautiful abbey already ftanding, capped with pinnacles and towers, furrounded with fruitful gardens, orchards, and barns well flored ! Death, however, pre- vented the good old abbot from feeing all his willies fulfilled. In 1 159, after he had held his abbacy twelve years, Durandus died. Reft, Durandus ! The materials of the crumbling abbey will foon fall over thy mouldering bones. The trees thou felledft have been replaced, and now, with outftretched arms, thefe younger fons of the foreft reclaim the ancient foil. Yea, in the very fane where noble arches fprung, rough branches wave ; now flowers only cenfe the air ; and for the folemn mafs, now noify jackdaws lit and mock with fcornful laughs ! ummon£ to parliament. "HENRY, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine, to the venerable father in Chrifl, Walter by the fame grace, Abbot of Roche, greeting ! Forafmuch as after ferious contefls and diflurbances which had long been taking place in our realm, our dearefl fon Edward was given up and detained as a hoflage in order to fecure and confirm peace in our realm, and now, bleffed be God ! that the aforefaid difturbance is quieted, it behoves us to take meafures for making fecure provifion for the liberation of the fame, and for confirming and completing full fecurity and tran- quillity of peace, the honour of God and the benefit of our whole realm, and about certain other affairs of our realm which we are un- willing to difpatch without your advice and that of our other prelates *- WALTER. 33 and magnates ; we therefore fend this our mandate, defiring you by that fidelity and love in which you are bound to us, to poftpone every prefling matter and lay afide all other affairs, and be with us at London on the Octave of St. Hilary next to come, to difcufs with us and the aforefaid prelates and magnates whom we have caufed to be fummoned to the fame place, and to give your advice, and this as you love us and our honour and yours, and the common tranquillity of our realm, by no means omit. Witnefs the King at Worcester, December 14th." Prior to this time parliament had confifted of only eleven prelates and twenty-three peers. Now more than one hundred of the in- ferior dignified clergy, two knights from each county and two repre- fentatives from each borough were fummoned, an innovation which proved too popular to be laid afide when the King regained his liberty. This parliament affembled on January 28th, 1265. On the 28th of May of the fame year, Prince Edward efcaped from his guards and joined Mortimer. On Auguit. 4th he took the field againft Simon de Montfort at Evefham, defeated and killed him and fet his father the King at liberty, notwithftanding that parliament had enacted that neither the King nor Prince Edward mould aggrieve Montfort or his afibciates for their pari: conduct. Whatever may be faid againit Simon de Montfort it fhould always be remembered that to him we owe the three eftates of parliament, king, lords and commons. Befides attending parliament Walter would have to attend a general chapter now and then in France. In 1256 all the Englifh Ciftercian abbots were invited to attend on St. Michael's day, to con- fider whether they mould grant an aid to the Pope and King Henry III., which they declined. We may judge what a confufed and turbulent flate the country was in at this time, by an Inquifition which was taken this fame year (1 265) — "Whether Walter had intruded himfelf into the manor of Sandbec by occafion of the troubles late in England, and the jury found that he had not, but that he had been in pofleffion before the troubles, in the troubles and after the troubles." Walter the eight abbot of Roche and the firft to fit in parlia- ment died in 1268. 4^ — -fr *■ * Elan, 3or&an atttr PjtUp, 1268 — 1286. LL that we know of thefe three abbots is that they reigned between the above dates. Alan may have been the Alan de Smetheton, who in the laft abbot's time was one of the monks "beaten and wounded." In 1 275 we find from the "Hundred Rolls" that two other monks got into trouble at Armthorpe. A complaint is made againft Richard de Heydon, fenefchall to Earl Warenn who fent William de Counhal, Alan Fitz Chapel and many others, "To the grange of the Abbot of Roche at Armthorpe, beyond the liberties of the faid Earl, and took brother Richard the granger, and John the forefter of the faid Abbot, becaufe the faid John had fhot a certain animal in the aforefaid wood of the faid abbot, and had purfued it into the warren of the faid Earl, and he (Richard de Heydon) imprifoned them at Coningfbro, and detained them until the faid Abbot came and paid a fine of 40/. for the faid brother, — which he fully paid ; but the faid John he would not let go on any account, but kept him in prifon for a whole entire year." This was indeed very hard upon John the forefter, especially if he were kept in that damp circular pit which is now to be feen in the keep of the Caftle of Coningfbro'. This fame Richard is alfo accufed of having praclifed " diabolical and innumerable oppreflions." The affairs of the Abbey feem to have glided quietly on about this time, the only other thing worthy of notice is that the abbot's right to free warren in Roche, Armthorpe and Brancliffe was difputed, which as we have already feen was given them in Abbot Richard's time by Henry III. The abbot came in anfwer to the fummons " And faid that he claimed free warren in Roche &c, by charter of Lord Henry the King, father of our Lord the King that now is, granted in the 35 th year of his reign, which he produced and which teftified that the faid Lord the King granted to a certain abbot and convent of Roche, predecefiors of that abbot, that they and their + - -«$* «*" ALAN, JORDAN AND PHILIP. 35 ^ fucceffors for ever mould have free warren in all their demefne lands of Roche, Armthorpe and Brancliffe in the county of York, &c." Confiderable poffemons ftill continued to fall into the hands of the monks of Roche, notwithstanding the reftridions of Mortmain Acl: which was panned at this time, and provided that no perfon religious or other mould buy or fell or receive under pretences of a gift or term of years, or any other title whatfoever, nor mould by any art or ingenuity appropriate to himfelf any lands or tenements in mortmain (in mortua manuj upon pain that the immediate lord of the fee, or, on his default for one year, the lords paramount, and in default of all of them, the King might enter thereon as a forfeiture. This however was foon got over by the religious houfes fetting up a fictitious title to the land which it was intended they mould have, and then bringing an adtion to recover it againft the tenant, who by fraud and collufion made no defence, and thereby judgment was given for the religious houfe, which then recovered the land by a fentence of law upon a fuppofed prior title. Philip ceafed to be abbot in 1286. * "$* *- ♦$• STjjomas, 1286 — 1287. HOMAS profeffed canonical obedience to John Romaine, Archbifhop of York, on the 7th non. Nov., 1286, and held his abbacy a year all but a few days, but beyond that, nothing is known of the life of this abbot. In the lift of the abbots of Roche given by Dr. Burton in his " Monajlicon Eboracense" no mention is made of this abbot, and the prefidency of Stephen the next abbot is made to commence a year earlier than it really did. Thomas terminated his fhortrulein 1287. ■ + j + * st«pfr*tt. 1287 — 1300. TEPHEN profeffed canonical obedience as abbot of Roche, to John Romaine, Archbifhop of York, in 1287. The following is his form of profeffion : — " I brother Stephen, abbot of Roche promife that I will perpetually fhow fubjection, reverence and obedience as appointed by the Holy Fathers, according to the rule of the order of St. Benedict, to thee Father John, Archbifhop of York, and to thy fuccefTors canonically to be fubfHtuted, and to the Holy See of York, fave my order, and this with my own hand I fubfcribe. Given at Thorpe, 3 non. November." * Stephen held his abbacy during ftormy times and muft have lived any thing but a peaceful and fecluded life. When Durandus poor and unknown firft fheltered himfelf in a fecluded valley beneath fome rocks, a life of fimplicityfeemed pofiible,but now — with poffeffions innumer- able and fcattered, with courts to prefide over and law fuits to anfwer and with chapters and parliaments to attend ; — peace muft have been impoflible. However alluring it may appear in the abftxacl: to live in undifturbed repofe, it can never be the lot of man ; and Stephen perhaps was none the lefs happy in having to perform in addition to his duties as a religious fuperior, thofe of a temporal and patriotic lord. In 1293 a Norman and an Englifh veffel met off the coaft near Bayonne and landed for water. Both crews arriving at the well at the fame time, a quarrel enfued which ended in one of the Normans being killed. To revenge this the Normans feized an Englifh fhip and having hanged at the yard-arm together with fome dogs feveral of the crew, they again abandoned the veffel. The Englifh retaliated in a like barbarous manner on all French fhips without diftinclion, Reg. John Romaine, page 12. *" ■* •$• — — & 3 8 ROCHE ABBET. and the French revenged themfelves again in return on the Englifh and Saxons, until the fea became a fcene of piracy and murder. At length a fleet of two hundred Norman veffels failing fouth for wine, and committing the ufual barbarities on all the Englifh mips they met with, fo roufed the ire of the Englifh in the fea ports that they fent out fixty armed veffels to meet them on their return. An obftin- ate battle was the refult, in which the Englifh were victorious, and it is faid that the lofs of the French was 15,000 men. In confequence of this defeat, Philip the French King, demanded reparation and re- ftitution, and cited Edward as Duke of Guienne to appear before his court in Paris, to anfwer for thefe offences. To prevent a national war, King Edward fent over to Paris his brother Edmund, to arrange matters and prevent further hoftilities. But Philip would be appeafed only on one condition. Edward muft give him feizin and poffeflion of the province of Guienne ; he would then feel his honour fatiffied, and promifed to reftore it immediately. Edward who was engroffed with the Scots agreed, and Philip as might have been expected, finding himfelf fo eafily in poffeflion, again cited Edward, and for non-appearance condemned him, and Guienne by a formal fentence was declared forfeited and annexed to the crown of France. King Edward enraged and afhamed at being fo over-reached determined at once to invade France, and recover his loft territories. To do this effectively he invoked the aid of every one, and even went fo far as to empty the jails and make foldiers of thoufands of the prifoners. Of courfe the abbot of Roche having intereft and money had to do his fhare, and he received the following fummons to attend a council of the clergy. "THE King to his beloved in Chrift, the abbot of Roche, greeting ! In what manner the King of France has malicioufly cheated us of our territory of Guienne, and has thence by fraud ejected us, unjuftly detaining the fame, we believe is not unknown to your fraternity. With a view therefore to recovering that territory from the hands of the faid King, we rely upon your counfel and aid, as well as that of the reft of the prelates and clergy of our realm, whom this bufinefs touches equally with ourfelves, being forthcoming. Therefore, we have arranged (God willing) to be in perfon at Weft- minfter on the feaft of St. Matthew the Apoftle and Evangelift, next coming, to treat together with you and the reft of the prelates and clergy of the faid realm, towards applying a remedy againft this fort of malice. We command you, firmly enjoining you by the faith and love in which you are bound to us, that you be prefent in perfon at the faid day and place &c. i <& — ~ — •$• STEPHEN. 39 Witnefs the King, at Portfmouth-, Auguft 19, 1294." The King opened the affembly in perfon. After ftating the neceffities of the war in Guienne, he requeued both their prayers and their aid. " Becaufe, my good Lords," he continued " You fee that the Earls, Barons, and Knights not only contribute their goods, but expofe their lives in your defence ; and as to you therefore, who cannot venture your bodies, it is fitting that you mould afford fome aid from your purfes." After many debates the clergy voted two tenths, but the King was not fatiffied with this, and at length after much threatening they confented to give what the King demanded, a moiety. The army which Edward fent at firft, met with many fuccefies, but the advantages obtained were loft by the Governor of Podenfac, who, when that fmall fortrefs was befieged by the French Com- mander, capitulated, and agreed to articles, which though favourable to the Englifh, left the Gafcons prifoners at difcretion. The French Commander immediately hanged fifty of them, and the confequence was that the Gafcons enraged at their comrades being delivered up fo eafily, joined the French, and the Englifh were obliged to capitulate and return. Not content with the advantage thus obtained, Philip threatened an invafion of England, and even made a fudden attempt on Dover which he burnt. Edward in trouble at this and fearing for the fafety of his kingdom, was again in need, and afked for parliamentary fupplies. Stephen therefore with others received a fummons to parliament. " THE King to his beloved in Chrift, the Abbot of Roche, greeting ! In what manner the King of France has fraudulently and craftily cheated us of our territory of Guienne, by unjuftly detaining it from us is known to you. Now however, not content with the aforefaid fraud and malice, having got together a very large fleet and a great multitude of warriors, with which he has now in a hoftile manner invaded our realm and the inhabitants of the faid realm, and purpofes to blot out entirely from the land the Englifh tongue, (which God avert !) if his power correfpond to the deteftable intent of his iniquitous conception. Inafmuch then as forefeen darts are lefs injurious, and your intereft as well as that of the reft of the citizens of the faid realm is at flake in this matter, we command and enjoin you by the faith and love with which you are firmly bound to us, to be prefent on the Sunday next after the feaft of St. Martin in the winter next to come, at Weftminfter in perfon." November 13, 23 Edward I. *— — * *■ 4o ROCHE ABBEY. -+ But Edward's fears were groundlefs. England did not fall into the hands of the French, nor was the Englifh language blotted out. After making an attempt upon Dover the French forces were com- pelled to retire. The differences with France ftill remained unfettled. Abbot Stephen was fummoned again to appear in perfon at Bury St. Edmunds on the morrow of All Souls, (November 3, 1296) for the purpofe of confirming the grant of a fubiidy ftated to have been promifed in cafe the King of France mould refufe to conclude a truce of peace. 3 A fifth was demanded from the clergy, but they refufed to grant it, faying that both themfelves and the King would be excommuni- cated if they did fo, as it would be contrary to the constitution lately publifhed by Pope Boniface VIII., forbidding the clergy to contri- bute anything belonging to the Church to a fecular Prince. The King was pleafed for the time to receive this anfwer, and the bufinefs was adjourned to another parliament to be held at London in the beginning of the enfuing month of January. When the clergy reaffembled purfuant to this adjournment, they again deliberated whether they could comply with the King's demands and after much difcuffion came to the conclufion that they could not. The King became extremely indignant at their anfwer and put the whole of them out of the protection of the law. " If they went abroad, in quefl of maintenance, they were difmounted, robbed of their horfes and clothes, abufed by every ruffian, and no redrefs could be obtained by them for the moft violent injury." The clergy were foon compelled by thefe vexations to yield, and the Archbifhop elect of York with many others compounded. The clergy in the north yielded fooner than thofe in the fouth, as the former were in daily dread of the Scots, and were glad to pay any- thing for their protection. But befides having to give money the abbot of Roche was ex- pected to find men with horfes and arms. In 1297 Edward to increafe his army which he intended to direct againft France, required the attendance of every proprietor of land, poffefTed of twenty pounds a year ; and Stephen confequently received a command limilar to the following from the Sheriffs of Yorkshire, Nottingham- shire and Derbyshire, in all of which counties he had property. " ON the part of our Lord the King I have efpecially fummoned required and firmly enjoined on all my bailly, poffefling twenty pounds a This fummons was repeated. 4p- •$. — — ^ STEPHEN. 41 of land and rent per annum and more, to be at London on the Sunday next after the Octave of St. John Baptift ; with horfes and arms ready with the King in perfon to crofs over to foreign parts." Soon after this the Sheriff received another brief, and he continues, "AFTERWARDS by another mandate which came to me afterwards, all the aforefaid are premonifhed to be at Nottingham at the aforefaid day and in form aforefaid, before William de Ormefby the affignee of the Earl Warrenne, to crofs over into the parts of Scotland and to do there what the faid William on the part of our Lord the King may enjoin upon them. To the Abbot of Roche." From the above documents it would feem that Stephen in his time muft have been a bufy and an important perfonage. But he had yet another duty to perform. When a royal perfon died the clergy were required to celebrate his or her exequies. The following is a copy of the order received by Stephen to celebrate thofe of Edmund, brother of King Edward ; and who, as the reader has feen, was fent by the King to France, to make peace with Philip. " KING Edward to his beloved in Chrift, the abbot of Roche. The moft High Creator of all things, has created human nature after his own image and fimilitude and has placed it, being conftituted of foul and body, in this miferable world for this end, that having at his will and pleafure fmifhed the courfe of this life as of fome journey, that of which it is compofed mould be refolved into its elements, and on the return of the body to the earth from which it proceeds the fpirit mould return to the Lord by whom it was given. And this journey no one can perform without coming in contact with many defilements, juft as the feet of travellers cannot pafs along without the adhenon of duft. Wherefore thofe who are parting from the prefent world greatly ftand in need of being affifted by the prayers of the living. Inafmuch therefore as that illuftrious man Edmund, our moft dear and only brother, who was always ready, devoted and faithful in our interefts and the intereft of our realm, and in whom manifold virtuous and gracious gifts fhone forth, has been withdrawn from this light, as feemed good to the Creator, (on account of which withdrawal we reckon ourfelves and the faid realm to be rendered moft defolate) which we announce to you not with- out grievous bitternefs of foul : we earneftly require and afk your friendihip now that we are folemnly and with devotion celebrating the exequies of our faid brother, that you commend his foul to the moft High God, with ringing of marTes and other aids of devout •$• — •$* •$♦ 4 2 ROCHE ABBET. prayers, fpecially enjoining the fame upon all and lingular the religious under your charge. Witnefs the King at Aberdeen, * * * * 1296." Almoft the laft act which Stephen performed mull have been that of attending the parliament held two months before the election of the next abbot, John. This parliament was held in London on the 6th of March, 1 306, "for the fafety of the crown and the welfare of the people," and the abbot of Roche was commanded to be there in perfon, "to advife with the other * magnates' and 'proceres' on the affairs of the King and the kingdom." ♦ - -•$* *- & 3ol)n. 300. OHN'S abbacy was of fhorter continuance than that of any other abbot of Roche. He profeffed canonical obedience to Thos. Corbridge, Archbifhop of York, on May 30th, 1300, and religned or died before December 18th of the fame year." This profeffion was made in the Chapel of Lautun (Laughton), in the prefence of the Prior of Workfop and other Priors, W. de Wentworth, S. de Rotherham and many others. John was fummoned to attend parliament at Lincoln on September 25th, or January 20th, 1 301. This fummons had to be anfwered by the next abbot Robert. The only recorded act which it is probable was performed by John, was that of celebrating, on 25th September, by command of the King, the exequies of "that noble man Edmund, formerly Earl of Cornwall, our moil dear coufin who was always ready, devoted and faithful to our interefts and the interefts of our realm &c." a Reg. Thomas Corbridge, page 5. * * 3&0iwi 1300— 1324. OBERT profeffed canonical obedience as abbot of Roche at Scroby, on December 18th, 1300, and held his abbacy twenty-four years. He led a life of great activity, and the troubles he had to contend with, as we mall prefently fee, were not a few. He was in conftant attendance at parliament. In 1 30 1 he had to attend the parliament to which the former abbot John had been fummoned, and which was held at Lincoln, on the Octave of St. Hilary, 20th January. " Great debates arofe at this parliament reflecting the perambulation of the forefts." In 1302 Robert was fummoned to parliament at Weftminfter, on the Octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptift, ift July, in order to treat and advife on certain arduous affairs with the other prelates and nobles. Again in 1302 he was fummoned to parliament at Wefr.minft.er, at Michaelmas — prorogued to the morrow of St. Edward, 14th October. The Scots were once more troublefome, and abbot Robert had again to furnifh men and arms. In 1305 he was fummoned to parliament at Weftminfter, on Tuefday, the fifteenth day after the Purification, 1 6th February — pro- rogued to the Sunday next after the Feaft of St. Matthias the Apoftle, 28th February, to confult "on certain affairs which fpecially concern the kingdom of England, and alfo the fettlement of Scotland." In 1 307 Robert was fummoned to the celebrated Parliament held at Carlhle, on the Octave of St. Hilary, 20th January. At this parliament was paffed the " Statute of Carlifle," in which all religious perfons were forbidden to fend any tax beyond the fea. " Alien fuperiors having fet divers unwonted and heavy payments, and im- pofitions on the monafteries in fubjection to them in England, the King can no longer fuffer fuch lories and injuries to be winked at, and provides a fufficient remedy &c." *- — * *■ ROBERT. 45 But befides this (which muft have been a great relief to many monafteries,) very important alterations were made in the ufe of feals in religious houfes. " AND further, our Lord the King hath ordained and eftablifhed that the abbots of the orders, Ciftercianfes and Premonftranfes, and other religious orders, whofe feal hath heretofore been ufed to remain only in the cuftody of the abbot, and not of the convent, fhall here- after have a common feal, and fhall depofit the fame in the cuftody of the prior of the monaftery or houfe, and four of the moft worthy and difcreet men of the convent of the fame houfe, to be laid up in fafe-keeping under the private feal of the abbot of the fame houfe ; fo that the abbot, or fuperior of the houfe which he doth govern, fhall by no means be able of himfelf to eftablifh any contract or obligations as heretofore he hath ufed to do. And if it fortune here- after that writings of obligations, donations, purchafes, fales, aliena- tions, or of any other contracts, be found fealed with any other feal than fuch a common feal kept as is aforefaid, they fhall be adjudged void and of no force in law." This ftatute was fent with the King's letters patent to the abbots of the undermentioned places : — Eglifton, St. Agatha, Jeroval, Byland, Fountains, Roche, Welbeck, RufFord, Gerwedon, and Spalding. Why this ftatute was fent to fo few abbots does not appear, nor why the abbot of Roche was fingled out as one of the few. It however was a ftep of great importance, for hitherto the monks had had very little control over the management of the pofTeffions of the monaftery to which they belonged. It was to them an enfranchife- ment fimilar to the introduction of the commons into parliament. At a council held in St. Paul's Church, at London, in 1237, before the Pope's Legate, it was decreed : "that in order to prevent the iffuing of falfe inftruments, all archbifhops, bifhops, abbots, priors, deans, &c, fhould hold feals ; in the granting of the ufe of which, faithful and circumfpect caution was to be obferved ; faithful, that it might be eafily granted, to thofe who required it, and circum- fpect, that it might be denied to falfe and fraudulent perfons," Fig. 1, Plate X. is the fecretum, or private feal of the abbot of Roche. Bifhops and abbots ufually had oval feals. The former held the paftoral ftaff in the left hand, abbots in the right. Symbols were alfo fometimes introduced, indicating the worth and character of the abbot, In this feal the Jlar is the fymbol of the Epiphany. The crefcent fignifies the increafe of the gofpel. "*• *- 46 ROCHE ABBEY. The jlowers denote purity of life. At the death of an abbot his feal was fometimes broken by a hammer, upon one of the fteps before the altar. Fig. 2, Plate X. is a fketch of the matrix of the private feal of the abbot of Roche, now in the pofTeffion of G. S. Foljambe, Efq., of Ofberton Hall, near Workfop, in whofe family it has been for feveral generations. The earlieft common feals which were cut directly after the paffing of the ftatute of Carlifle, bore the reprefentation of the patron faint of the Abbey ; but in later feals the abbot took the place of the faint, to whom he is reprefented praying. Before the reign of Edward the III. thefe faints and abbots were feated upon thrones, but after this time they are reprefented {landing beneath canopies and arches. Fig. 3, Plate X. is a reprefentation of the earlieft common feal of Roche, which has yet been found. It is appended to a deed made in 1385, which is now in the pofTeffion of Mr. Mitchell, of Sheffield. This feal has never before been publifhed. Fig. 4, Plate X. is the laft common feal of Roche. It was with this that the deed furrendering the Abbey to King Henry VIII. at the difTolution was fealed. Befides the parliament held at Carlifle, abbot Robert was fummoned in the fame year, 1307, to attend a parliament at North- ampton, on the 15th day after St. Michael, 1 3th October, in order to treat and advife concerning the celebration of the funeral of the late King, and alfo, about the solemnization of the efpoufals and corona- tion of the prefent king, Edward II. In 1 309 he was again fummoned to parliament at Weftminfter, one month after Eafter, 27th April, to confult with the King on " certain arduous affairs." In 1 3 1 1 he was fummoned to parliament at London, on Sunday next before the feaft of St. Laurence, 8th Auguft. Robert is com- manded to lay all other matters afide, and to appear in perfon before the king at the faid day and place, to treat and advife with the prelates and nobles. At this parliament Piers Gavefton the king's favourite, was banifhed the king's dominions. In 1 3 1 2, Robert was fummoned twice to attend parliament, on the 23rd of July, and on the 20th of Auguft. The King was in trouble at home and abroad, and needed the help of all at that time. His favourite Gavefton was murdered and his enemy Robert Bruce under arms. *$ -4. 4- ■ •$• ROBERT. 47 From this laft parliament, held Auguft 20th, Robert mult have gone over to a general chapter of his order, as the following document mews : — " THE King to the guardians of the pafTage of the port of Dover, health ! We command you, that you freely permit our beloved in Chrift, the abbot of Roche, of the Ciftercian order, who is about to fet out to his general chapter to be held immediately at Cifteaux, to pafs in the harbour of the aforefaid to foreign parts, and to pay him for his expenfes twenty marks at this time. Witnefs the King at Canterbury, Auguft 21ft, 131 2." In 1 3 1 3 abbot Robert was fummoned to attend parliament three times: on the 18th of March, the 8th of July, and the 22nd of September, " to treat on the affairs of the kingdom and the war againft the Scots." He was required alfo to do more than give his advice on this laft fubje£t. "THE King to his beloved in Chrift, the Abbot and Convent of Roche, greeting ! Inafmuch as for the purpofe of making refiftance to Robert de Bruce, a rebel and enemy to us, and his accomplices and adherents, who propofe fhortly to invade with hoftile intent our Scottim Marches — as we think has already come to your notice — we have ordered certain nobles of our kingdom, with a fixed number of armed men to take their deftination to the faid parts, for doing which it behoves us necefTarily to have a large fum of money, and fince certain prelates of the province of Canterbury in our parliament convoked on the 8th of July, one by one liberally, on loan yielded and granted certain fums of money in aid of the buiinefs aforefaid, to be allowed to them at their next payments to us, whether from tenths or from military fervice due from them in Scotland, or otherwife ; we, equally confiding in you alfo to exhibit your zeal for our defence, earneftly require and afk you to be willing to lend us to the extent of fifty marks for the exigent purpofe aforefaid, according as our beloved clerk William de Melton mall deem fit to require of you on our behalf. And this by all means do, as ye love us, our honour and your own, and the prefervation of the realm, receiving from the faid William letters patent witnefling the receipt of the faid money. Witnefs the King at Wyndfor, Auguft 1 3th." Befides thefe fifty marks he had to fend horfes and arms, to mufter at Berwick-on-Tweed, on the 1 oth of June. The King determining to put an end to the conftant wars which were being carried on againft Scotland afTembled at this time an enormous army from Gafcony, Flanders, Wales and Ireland, and with which and his Englifh foldiers he marched into Scotland, to the fatal : ^ «*" 4 8 ROCHE ABBEY. field of Bannockburn, where on the 25th of June, 13 14, was fought " the great and decifive battle of Bannockburn, which fecured the independence of Scotland, fixed Bruce on the throne of that kingdom, and may be deemed the greateft overthrow that the Engliih nation (fince the conqueft) has ever received." What was the fate of the men, horfes and arms which Robert fent from the quiet valley of Roche ? But the valley of Roche was anything but peaceful a few years after this, for we find in 1322, John de Mowbray and others, with 80 men at arms and 400 footmen, adherents of Thomas, Earl of Lan- caster, ravaging the whole country about Roche Abbey. They befieged the cattle of Tickhill, which was fuccefffully defended by the king's conflable, William de Anne, and defpoiled the town and church of Laughton, carrying away all their cattle and goods. Abbot Robert muft have had a very difficult part to acl: during thefe disturbances, for while it was evidently to his interefl to remain on friendly terms with the rebels that his Abbey and property might efcape fpoilation, at the fame time the king demanded "that he mould raife as many men at arms and foot as he could to march againft the rebels and adherents of the Earl of Lancafter, who are deftroying our people and befieging with an armed force our cattle of Tickhill." Robert received this mandate on the 1 6th of February, and the mutter was to take place at Coventry, on February 28th, "where he propofed to be, (the Lord willing) with horfes and arms, as decently and powerfully as he could." On the 1 6th of the next month, the battle of Boroughbridge put an end to our good abbot's troubles, and on the 23rd of March, the turbulent Earl of Lancafter was alfo no more. Robert held his abbacy only two years after this period. * + *$"$♦•$• <$■<$>$"%"& -$♦*$•*$* — — 4 +- + William. J 3 2 4 — !33°- >ILLIAM, the fifteenth abbot of Roche, profefied canonical obedience to William Melton, Archbifhop of York, on the 9th of December, 1324. In 1327, William received the following order to ftay at home, and take care of his abbey, which was in danger, in confequence of the Scots having entered England, Robert Bruce hoping to take advantage of the weak ftate of the government : — " THE KING to his beloved in Chrift, the abbot of Roche greeting ! How the Scotch, our enemies and rebels have entered our kingdom with hoftile intent, inhumanely perpetrating homicides, depredations, fires and other ills innumerable, and as we (Edward III) are in our own perfon with our army potted in the parts of the march of Scotland, to reftrain their malicious defign, your forefight well knows ; and inafmuch as it ftands ordered by ourfelves and our councils that no nobles, prelates or others, nor any perfon of note mould go out of the fame kingdom, and efpecially from the parts on this fide Trent, fo long as the faid enemies thus ftay within our realm, and it is given us to underftand that you propofe to betake yourfelf in perfon to our general chapter, to be held at Cifteaux, we, wifhing the aforefaid order to be inviolably obferved, prohibit you under penalty of a heavy forfeiture to us, to betake yourfelf to any ftrange places beyond your own bounds, fo long as the faid enemies thus remain in our realm, under pretence of any licence by us to you previouily granted, until we mail have thought right to order other- wife thereupon, but that you attend more carefully than ufual to the cuftody of your Abbey, and to all other the premifes. Witnefs, the King at Stanhop, Auguft 3rd, 1327." Twelve other abbots whofe monafteries were in the north of England, received the fame command. William ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1330. * ^ * gttram ite #igglts&jttfc ^o— 1 349- + IGGLESWICK is a place famous for its Well, which is faid to rife and fall about eighteen inches feveral times a day. " At Giggleswick where I a fountain can you fhow That eight times in a day is said to ebb and flow." Drayton's Polyolbion. An Adam, fon of Adam de Gigglefwick is mentioned in Burton, as having given to the Monks of Fountains Abbey "3J. 4*/. per annum, to find veils for the ***** who came to the abbey gate to be cured." It is not impofTible that Abbot Adam may have been conne&ed with this family. It is not however neceffary that an abbot mould be of high origin. Monks, according to Chaucer, " Cominly comen of pore peple," and " Ther farthirs ride but on ther fete." But, however high or low may have been the birth of Adam de Gigglefwick, he had fufficient intereft with the Monks of Roche to induce them to elect him as their abbot in 1330. The intenfe religious feeling which had in the few previous centuries induced men to give up {o much of their property to the church was already beginning faft to wane ; and it doubtlefs was not without reafon that complaint was made at this time to the Pope, that "The alms and devotion of all men were diminifhed." Religi- ous communities would be ill able to bear any lofs of income, at a time when the King, for the purpofe of carrying on his wars with France, was ever demanding heavy fublidies and loans, both in wool and money. For fifteen years Adam struggled on with thefe difficulties until 1 345, when there came a bright and happy day for the monks of Roche. John, the laft Earl of Warren, beholding the poverty of the Monaftery of Roche, and admiring the beauty of its buildings, gave the monks that year "in loco penitently, " fays Mr. Hunter, the Church * •#• ADAM DE GIGGLESWICK. 5 1 of Hatfield, valued at that time at feventy marks per annum ; having previoufly obtained a licence from the King to enable him to do fo. An imperfecl: copy of the charter which conveyed this gift to the monks of Roche is among Dodfwortti s MS., of which, as far as it could be made out, the following is a tranilation : — Charter of %tfyn tic fDarrcn, <£arl of j&utttp* " KNOW all men as well prefent as future, by thefe prefents that we, John de Warren Earl of Surrey, beholding the fcarcity of fruits, rents and poiTeffions generally pertaining to the religious men, the Abbot and Convent of Roche, in the diocefe of York, and to their monaftery ; alfo nobly grieving for the paucity of monks ferving God there ; and being moft deeply anxious for the augmentation of divine worfhip, and alfo for increafing (by the help of God), the number of brothers in the fame ; have given and granted in form and manner underwritten for the caufes aforefaid, and other devotions moving us thereto, as far as in us lies, and we can rightly do fo, the right of the patronage or advowfon of the Parifh Church of Hatfield in the faid diocefe of York, belonging to us by hereditary right, with all rights, fruits, rents, pofleffions and appurtenances whatever to the faid church in any way pertaining from ancient time, to the faid abbot and convent and their monastery by the will, confent and affent of our Lord Edward the third, the illustrious King of England, requested by us on this behalf from the Lord King himfelf, and obtained, and by Ipecial licence as by letters royal, compofed on occafion of the aforefaid remaining in the poffeffion of the Abbot and Convent, evidently appears. To have and to hold the faid right of patronage or advowfon of the Church aforefaid, for all times to the aforefaid Abbot and Convent and their monaftery aforefaid, in such manner, namely, that from the time of the appropriation of the faid Church to the faid religious and their monaftery, being fufficiently, lawfully and ftriclry made, according to the requirements of the law, and in which they mail enjoy peaceable pofterlion of the right of receiving and holding for the greater part, the fruits and rents of the tithes to the faid Church belonging, free from impediment or calumny of any kind, then incontinently thereafter, with all diligence, without delay, they fhall take and aftume into their habit and vows beyond the number conftituted in the faid monaftery at the time of its foundation, thirteen honeft men and competently {killed in literature ; and the faid number thirteen beyond the faid monks conftituted at the time of the faid foundation, the faid Abbot and Convent and their fuccefTors in the faid monaftery mail, by immediately fupplying ■^j. — ^j, 52 ROCHE ABBET. new ones in the place of thofe who die or otherwife fail of the faid thirteen, acknowledge, fuflain and for ever find and have patiently to ferve Almighty God unto their live's end * * * * all the aforefaid monks for ever, from that time in which the faid number * * * mail have been (God granting) beyond * * the foundation * * * daily XIII * * * monks * * * according as * * * * was for the time, VIII. maffes a day with collects * * * * for the fouls of the faid Lord Edward the King, and the moil excel- lent Lady Philippa, the Queen, his confort, and William, their son, who * * * * of the faid King and Queen, and alfo for our good ftate and foul, and for the fouls of all our relations, and all the faithful dead, fo long as * * * * other maffes and the faid obfequies in the faid monaftery * * * * mall make and pay, and fhall make our death * * * ■* on the day of our anniverfary, as well in lar- geffes, alms, * * * * in faying maffes and other cuftomary devo- tions, and as for death * * * * in other monafteries * * * * in divine and other offices aforefaid is wont folemnly to be performed * * * and if they fhall ceafe in their fervice (which God forbid !) the faid Abbot and Convent, the faid burdens interpofed in the manner in which it is permitted * * * * either in part or three times, publicly admonifhed about performing and obferving the premifes by us, our heirs or executors, fhall have corrected or and thenceforth * * * * the Church of Hatfield aforefaid which we our heirs or fucceffors who for the time being fhall be * * * * the aforefaid John Earl of Surrey, and our heirs will warrant and defend for ever againfb all people, the faid right of patronage or advowfon of the Church aforefaid, with all its rights and appurtenances, to the faid Abbot and Convent and their monaftery aforefaid, in manner and form aforefaid. In teftimony whereof to this writing indented, my feal together with the common feal of the faid Abbot and Convent are alternately appended. Witnefs, &c, given at Lewis, on the firft day of December, in the tenth year of the reign of King Edward, the third fince the Conqueft." The appropriation of this magnificent gift was effected by William la Zouch, Archbiffiop of York, referving out of the profits an annual penfion often marks to himfelf, and five for the Dean and Chapter, and ordering a proper houfe to be built by the Abbot of Roche, for the vicar, who was to be paid fifteen pounds a year at Eafter, Michaelmas and Chriftmas by equal portions. When John, Earl of Warren, died, all his lands north of the Trent went to the crown and were fettled upon Edmund of Langley, a younger fon of the King. But as he was only fix years old, his ^5. ^» * ADAM DE GIGGLESWICK. 53 * mother, Queen Philippa, was allowed to receive the profits for the education of her children. The fecond fon of Edward the third was born at Hatfield, and in confequence took the name of William de Hatfield. "Upon this occafion," fays Thorejby, Queen Philippa gave five marks per annum to the Abbey of Roche, and five nobles to the monks there. This fum, however, when the Prince died, was tranfferred to the Church of York, where he was buried, to pray for his foul ! a Adam de Gigglefwick ceafed to be Abbot of Roche in 1349, and it is not improbable that he may have fallen a victim to the peftilence which raged that year, and which, Stowe fays, " Was fo vehement and fharpe that there remained not the tenth perfon alive throughout the realm." 3 Ducatus Leodienfis pref. p. xv. * * •$♦- Simon ta BatiModL J 349 — !35 8 - ♦ IMON DE BAUKEWELL, or Bakewell, profefled canonical obedience on the 25th October, 1349, and on the fame day received the benediction of William de la Zouch, Archbifhop of York, in the chapel of his Manor of Cawood." Already monachifm was upon the decline, and bitter farcafms were in circulation. Walter Mapes, who had a flrong hatred of the clergy, and of the Ciflercians in particular, wrote about this time fuch fentences as the following b : — " I saw the warkes and trade of abbots there eche one, Of whom their flock to leade to hell not one doth milTe." " Worse than a monke there is no fende nor sprite in hell, Nothing so covetuose nor more strange to be knowen, For if you give him ought, he maie poflefle it well, But if you afke him ought, then nothinge is his owne." Simon ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1358. a Reg. William de la Zouche, p. 41. b Walter Mapes, Cam. Soc, p. 279, 280. 4*4*4* *- +- -♦ 3 affix te &stan. ^J 8 — 139 6 - OHN DE ASTON, like feveral of the preceding abbots, feems to have come originally from a place not far diftant from Roche. He profened canonical obedience as abbot of Roche, to John Thorefby, Archbifhop of York, on 23rd of November, 1358/ During the abbacy of John de Afton, the advowfon of Roche Abbey changed hands from John Levet to Richard Barry, citizen and merchant of London. In 1362, monachifm received a fevere blow from the author of " Peirs Ploughman s Vijion and Creed." In it the monks are accufed of having faliified religion, and of being actuated folely by pride, covetoufnefs, and felf-love. A moll remarkable prophecy may be found in the Vijion, commencing at line 6239. tc Ac ther shal come a Kyng, And confefTe you religiouses, And beat you as the bible telleth For brekynge of your rule. And thane fhall the abbot of Abyngdone, b And all his ifTue for ever, Have a knok of a Kyng, And incurable the wounde." John de Alton ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1396. a Reg. John Thorefby, p. 20Z. b Abingdon in Berkfhire was the houfe into which monks, ftrictly to called, were firft introduced in England, and is, therefore, very properly brought forward as the reprefentative of Englifh monachifm. "* ISioitxt 1396— 1438. [HE name of this abbot is given on the authority of Dr. Burton, who, however, does not give the fource from whence he derived his information. Although the Abbeys of England had yet a hundred years to ftand, many prophecies of their ultimate fall were made about this time, the moft interefting of which is perhaps the following prophetic parable : — " WHEN on a certayne time a byrde was brought into the worlde all bear and without fethers, the other byrdes hearing thereof, came to vifite her : and for that they fawe her to be a merveilous fayre byrde, they counfailed together how they might befb do her good, fith by no meanes without fethers, might fhe either flee or live commodioufly. They all wiihed her to live for her excellent forme and beauteis fake, in fo much that among them all there was not one, that would not graunt fome part of her own fethers to deck this byrd withall : yea, and the more true they fawe her to be, the more fethers ftill they gave unto her, fo that by this means me was paffing well penned and fethered and began to flee. The other byrdes that thus had adorned her with goodly fethers, beholding her to flee abroad, were merveiloufly delighted therewith. In the end, this byrde feeing herfelf fo gorgeoufly fethered, and of all the reft to be had in honour, began to wax proud and hawty, in fo much that fhe had no regard at all unto them by whom fhe was advaunced : yea, fhe punged (pierced) them with her beak, plucked them by the fkinne and fethers, and in all places hurted them. Whereupon, the byrdes fitting in councell agayne, called the matter in queftion, demanding one of another what was beft to be done touching this unkinde byrde, who they fo lovingly with their own fethers had decked and adourned : affirming, that they gave not their fethers to + * ROBERT. 57 -* the intent that me thereby, puft up with pride, fhould contempt- uoufly defpife them all. The peacocke therefore anfwereth firft : 'Truly,' faid he, 'for that fhe is bravely fet forth with my painted fethers, I will again take them from her.' Then, faith the falcon, 'And I, alfo, will have mine againe.' This fentence at length took place among them all, fo that every one plucked from her thofe fethers which before they had given, challenging to them their own againe. Even {o, oh you Cardinals, mail it happen unto you ; for kings, potentates and princes have beftowed upon you goods, lands and riches, that fhould ferve God ; but you have poured it out and confumed it upon pride, all kinde of wickednefs, ryot and wantonnes." a The painful forefhadowings of future trouble, feem however, not to have materially affected the health of abbot Robert. He held his abbacy forty-two years, during which time the crown of England three times changed hands. Robert ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1438. 1 Foxe. flr _ -* +- 30|jn WLKUfLtVU- 1438— 1465. OHN WAKEFIELD was elected abbot of Roche and received the benediction of Archbifhop John Kemp, on June 7th, 1438/ During his time, Roche Abbey obtained a new bene- factor and founder in Matilda of York, Counters of Cambridge, who lived in the neighbouring caftle of Con- ingfborough. The following is a tranflation of the part of her will referring to Roche : — §BiII of tfje Counted of Camfitibge* " IN the name of God, Amen. On the feafl of the affumption of the Bleffed Virgin Mary, in the year of our Lord 1440, I, Matilda, of York, Countefs of Cambridge, being of right mind and found memory, make my will in this manner : Firfr., I leave and commend my foul to God and the Bleffed Mary and all His faints, and my body to be buried in the monaftery of Roche, in the chapel of the Bleffed Mary, before her image, fituate in the fouthern part of the church of the faid monaflery. Alfo, I will that there lie over my grave a ftone of alabafler, raifed aloft after the manner of a tomb, with an effigy, after the manner which I will tell to my executors. Alfo, I leave to each chaplain prefent at my funeral two-pence, and to each parochial clergyman, fix-pence. Alfo, that my executors appoint wax to be burnt about my body at the time of my funeral, according to their difcretion. Alfo, I will that twelve poor perfons be clad in white gowns, each of whom fhall bear one twirled wax taper, of the larger fize, in honour of our Lord Jefus Chrift and the Bleffed Mary, and all a Reg. John Kemp, p. 393. * & ^. JOHN WAKEFIELD. 59 His faints ; and that thefe be held by them at the time of my funeral and of my mafs, and that each of them have twelve-pence. b Alfo, I leave to three chaplains of honeft converfation, forty-two marks, that they may celebrate and pray for my foul, and for the foul of my lord, and for the fouls of my parents ; and that one keep a fchool, if he will. Alfo, I will that every year each of them fay onet rental of the bleff- ed Gregory, and daily fay in their maffes this prayer : — "Deus qui eft swnma nojirce Redemptions, &c." when they can conveniently do fo. Alfo, I leave to the monaftery of Roche one white veftment, to the intent that one monk of the fame place may celebrate for my foul for a week, and have daily one penny; and another monk for another week, and fo each in turn may feparately celebrate and pray for my foul in the faid monaftery, for the fpace of feven years complete. Alfo, I leave to the abbot of Roche fix millings and eight-pence, and to each monk there, twenty-pence, on the day of my burial. Alfo, I leave to the abbot and convent of the fame place, forty marks, on condition that if they are willing fufficiently to fhow their obligation to their founder, they fhall, once in each year, for ever, for my foul's health, celebrate my obit in funeral fervices, and a mafs with two wax candles burning over my body during the fame time. Alfo, I will that my whole veftment of red colour, worked with gold, with one chalice and two crewets, two beft filver candlefticks and one lilver bell, remain with my body, for the perpetual ufe of the faid church, ***** In witnefs whereof, I have to this prefent writing affixed my feal. Given in the monaftery of Roche, on the day and place aforefaid." c Matilda, Countefs of Cambridge, was the daughter of Thomas Lord Clifford, and the fecond wife of Richard Plantaganet, ordinarily known as Richard of Coningfborough, Earl of Cambridge. She did not long furvive the making of her will. It is dated 15th Auguft, 1446, and fhe died on the 26th of the fame month. Her fucceffors were held founders of Roche up to the time of the diiiblution. John Wakefield died in the middle of the year 1465, and was buried at Roche with all the honours due to his ftation. d b Thomas Duke of Exeter, who died in 1426, ordered fomething fimilar to this. "I will that there be as many poor men as I may have lived years at my funeral, each carrying a torch, and habited in a gown and hood of white cloth, and each receiving as many pence as I have lived years ; and that there be the fame number of poor women, of good character, clothed in a gown and hood of white cloth, and each receiving a penny." — " Teftamenta Vetufta," vol. i. p. 208. c "Teftamenta Eboracenfia," Surtees Society, vol. ii. p. 1 1 8. d Reg Geo. Nevil., part i. p. 11. *- Sflfjtt <&XVLQ> 1465— 1479. ONCERNING the election and benediction of John Gray, we have the following letter and memorandum, which are preferved in the Archbifhop's regifler at York : — Setter from tfje SUfifcot of $ctomhigtcr,— " TO the moil reverend father in Chrift, George, by the grace of God, Archbifhop of York. Your devoted fon, John, abbot of Newminfter, of the Ciftercian order, in the diocefe of Durham, father abbot and immediate vifitor of the monaftery of the Bleffed Mary of Roche, fends all manner of reverence and honour due to fo great a father. We would fignify to your moft reverend paternity by the tenor of thefe prefents, that the monaftery of Roche being lately vacant by the death of the venerable father in the Lord, John de Wakefield, the laft abbot ; and he being dead and his body buried with the exequies due to his ecclefiaftical office, the prior and con- vent of the aforefaid monaftery of Roche, proceeding to the election of a future paftor, elected the religious man, brother John Gray, whofe election, after due enquiry made into his fitnefs, we have confirmed. Wherefore, we pray your Lordihip's pre-eminence to grant him your holy benediction. In teftimony of which, our feal and the feal of the venerable father in the Lord, the abbot of Rufford, our coaffefTor is appended. Given in the monaftery of Roche, the feventh day of Auguft, 1465. " Memorandum. That, on the fixth day of September, 1464, the Lord Archbifhhop received the aforefaid letter, at Scrooby, and *- * <#• -«$• JOHN GRAY. 61 commanded Lord William Bifhop of Dromore, his fuffragan, to confer benediction upon brother John Gray, the aforefaid abbot elect." It will be noticed that an interval of a month took place between the election and the benediction of this abbot. John Gray vacated his abbacy, not by death as Dr. Burton has it, but by refignation, on the 5th of June, 1479.* a Reg. Geo. Nevil, pt. i. p. n. *- ■♦ •$»- tlltam €ikil 1479 — i486. HE letter of the abbot of Newminfter to the Archbifhop of York, concerning this abbot, is alfo preferved, and is even more interefting than the one relating to abbot John Gray. %ctttt from tfje SUftftot of $riumin£tcr* " TO the moft reverend father and lord in Chrift, Lord Laurence, by the grace of God, Archbifhop of York, Primate of England, the lord abbot of Newminfter, of the Ciftercian order, Father abbot and immediate Vifitor of the monaftery of the BlefTed Mary of Roche, of the order aforefaid, and the aforefaid diocefe, fends all manner of reverence with the honour and deference due to fo great a father, to the utmoft gratification of his wifh. We humbly thought right to explain to your lordfhip's preeminence, by the tenor of thefe prefents, that our filial monaftery of Roche aforefaid, lately becoming vacant by the voluntary ceffion and free refignation of the religious man, Mafter John Gray, late abbot of the faid monaftery, and fo refigning, we, by our paternal authority, which we exercife on this behalf, on the 5 th of June, 1479, abfolved and exonerated him from all jurifdiction and rule over the faid monaftery, and from his place and ftate . in the chapter of the monaftery ; and the venerable father of RufFord, acting as our coaffeffor in the calling of a new paftor, in due form, according to the rules of the order there was prefented, and elected the difcrete man, brother William Tikil, one in morals, knowledge of temporals and experience of age, fufficiently furnifhed. Whom thus canonically prefented and elected, we confirmed and led him into the church and inftalled him, and brought him back into the chapter houfe, and bound him by an oath, in the cuftomary form of the order, and did all other things which are, or were & *- * WILLIAM TIKIL. 63 requilite by the right of our order. Wherefore, we pray your lordfhip's pre-eminence to be gracioufly pleafed to confer the boon of your facred benediction upon the faid perfon fo elected and inftituted. Whom, may God, the giver of all good gifts, profper with felicity in this prefent vale of tears, and lead at laft to the infinite joys of His heavenly kingdom. In witnefs whereof, we have caufed to be placed to thefe prefent writings the feal of our office, together with that of our coafTeffor aforefaid. Given in our chapter-houfe of Roche aforefaid, in the month and year above exprefied. a William, Tikil, (Tickhill,) was elected abbot of Roche June 5 th, 1479, and he held his abbacy until the latter end of i486. a Reg. Laurence Booth, p. 104. * * -Xfjomas %tyxm. i486— 1488. a year. N the regifter of Thomas Rotherham, Archbifhop of York, there is the copy of a letter given under his feal at Scrooby, on the 19th day of December, i486, empowering his ven- erable confrere and Bifhop William Dromore, his fuffragan, to confer benediction on brother Thomas Thurne, who had been elected and confirmed abbot of Roche. 8 Thomas Thurne (Thorne) ceafed to be abbot of Roche early in 1488, after having held his abbacy little more than 1 Reg. Thomas Rotherham, p. 234. 4**" -* * -* 1488 — H9 1 ILLIAM BURTON profefTed canonical obedience and received benediction at the hands of Bifhop William Dromore, his fuffragan,on the laft day of February, 1488." He ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1 49 1 . 'Reg. Thos. Rotherham, p. 242. *- * «$•- 3offn ffitaxyttfy 1491— 1503. ♦ N the eighteenth of Auguft, 1491, Archbifhop Thomas Rotherham granted a commiffion to William, by the grace of God Bifhop of Dromore, to confer benediction on John Abbot of the monaftery of Roche. a We may conclude from the name of this abbot that he originally came from Newminfter; Morpeth being the name of a town near that monaftery. John Morpeth ceafed to be abbot of Roche in 1503. a Reg. Thomas Rotherham, p. 251. +- ma -* 3oIjn ^allnstoit— 3§«it2 Ctutiral i5°3— ^S 8 - THE DISSOLUTION. A wake, ye ghoftly persons ! awake, awake, B oth prieft, pope, byfhop, and cardinal!, C onsider wisely, what wayes that ye take, D aungeroufly beyng like to have a fall, E very where the mischiefe of you all, F arre and neare, breaketh out very fall : G od will needes be revenged at the laft. H ow long have ye the world captived n sore bondage, of men's traditions ? ings and Emperours ye have deprived, ewdly usurping theyr chiefe porTeflions : uch misery ye make in all regions, ow your fraudes be almoft at their latter caft, f God sore to be revenged at the laft. oore people to opprese, ye have no fhame, uaking for feare of your double tyranny ; ightfull juftice ye have put out of frame, eeking the luft of your god — the belly: herefore, I dare you boldly certifie, ery little though ye be thereof agaft, et God will be revenged at the laft. a K L M N O P Q R S T V Y A. B. C. by William Thorpe. a Foxe. * * 68 ROCHE ABBET. HROUGHOUT the whole of the firft quarter of the fixteenth century, tremblings and commotions, every day increafing in violence, were felt, and only too well recog- nized by the monks as the forerunners of that relentlefs earthquake which was to fhake their fair abbeys into ruins, and to caft them forth upon the world, homelefs and defpifed. Monachifm received its firft fatal fhock when Cardinal Wolfey, in order to found a College at Oxford (now Chrift's Church,) and another at Ipfwich, his native place, obtained leave from Pope Clement to fupprefs and appropriate the revenues of what he called certain poor and fmall monafteries, in which he acknowledged that neither God was ferved, nor religion kept. The abbots, feeing the danger of fuch a precedent, endeavoured to induce Wolfey to abflain from feizing upon the abbey lands, by offering him inftead, large fums of money. The abbot of St. Mary's, York, to fave his cell of Romburgh in Suffolk, offered the Cardinal three hundred marks fterling. But all thefe interceflions of the abbots were in vain, the work of demolition and impropriation commenced at once, and continued fteadily until the defired fum had been raifed, jealous Catholics here and there expreffing their difapprobation in different ways. At Beggam, in Suffex, after the brethren had been turned out of their houfe, " a riotous company, difguifed and unknowne, with painted faces and vifers, came to the fame monafterie, and brought with them the chanons, and put them into their place again, and promifed that whenfoever they rang the bell, that they would come with a great power and defend them." But refiftance was in vain, the enthufiaftic defenders of the religious men of Beggam and elfe- where were foon filenced and punifhed, and the monaflic fyflem had to carry on its exiftence with its foundations fapped, and its fuperflructure propped as well as might be. There however, is nothing which fo urgently tempts interference as a prop ! In the firft place, one depifes anything which is fo dilapidated as to require fuch amftance, and then one immediately begins to fpeculate as to the probable confequences of removing it : and laflly, to prove the accuracy of thefe fpeculations, the required blow is given. We need not be furprifed then, to find that there exifled a party whofe aim was to knock away the props which upheld monachifm without * # — _ — ^ JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CUNDAL. 69 1 ~ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ — themfelves being at the fame time buried in the ruins. King Henry VIIL, after having read the Beggar's Supplication againft the monks, is reported to have faid " If a man mould pull downe an old fione wall and begin at the lower part, the upper part there- of might chance to fall upon his head. 1 ' If this be true, it would appear that the Defender of the Faith himfelfwas of the iconoclaftic party. Volumes might be written mewing the numerous caufes which had rendered the monks fo unpopular, but the two following def- criptions of a monaftery and a monk will fatiffy the reader : — MONASTERY.— "A houfe of ill-fame, where men are feduced from their public duties, and fall naturally into guilt from attempting to preferve an unnatural innocence." a MONK. — Treated after the Linnasan fyftem. " Definitio. — An animal, anthropomorphic, hooded, howling by night, thiriKng. " Defcriptio. — Body erect, biped, back curved, head depreifed, always hooded, and clothed in every part, covetous, foetid, filthy, drunken, lazy, more patient of want than labour; at the riling and fetting of the fun, and efpecially at night, they congregate, and when one cries out, all cry ; run together at the found of a bell, walk always in couples, are clothed in wool, live by rapine and plunder, affert that the world was made for them alone, carry on their amours clandeftinely, do not marry, expofe their young, fight with their own fpecies, and attack their enemies unawares from ambufhes. " The female differs little from the male, except in having her head always veiled, is cleaner, lefs drunken, and never leaves home, which fhe keeps clean. When young fhe grafps at all forts of play things, flares about her on all fides, and falutes the males by nodding. When older, fhe becomes fpiteful and malignant, and when angry, agitates her jaw bones in ceffantly with open mouth. When called, they anfwer "Ave." When allowed, they chatter promifcuoufly, and if a bell rings are fuddenly mute. " Differentia. — Man fpeaks, reafons, wills ; the monk is often mute, has no reafon or will, is governed folely by the orders of his fuperiors. The head of man is erect, the head of a monk is depreffed with eyes turned to the ground. Man feeks his bread by the fweat of his brow, the monk growes fat by lazinefs. Man dwells among men, the monk feeks folitude and hides himfelf, avoiding the light. Whence it follows, that the monk is a genus of mammalia diflinct a " The Tin Trumpet/' 4fc ■ ■ — — •$*' * 7° ROCHE ABBEY. from man, intermediary between him and the ape, approaching neareft to the latter, from which it differs very little in voice or manner of living. " Ufus. — An ufelefs burthen on the earth." a The worft enemies of the monks could not wifh more to be faid than is contained in the foregoing lines. They contain doubt- lefs a great amount of exaggeration, but if even a quarter of the accufations in them be true, it is not furprifing that the enemies of the monks were numerous. In 1534, the king, having been pronounced by Parliament fupreme Head on earth of the Church of England, determined to exercife his right of vifiting every religious community, for the purpofe of finding out their real condition. He accordingly com- manded his fecretary, Thomas Cromwell, to ifTue a commiflion to that effect. Thomas Cromwell, was the defcendent of a Lincoln- shire family, and was well fitted for this work, having been employed by Wolfey in the fuppreflion of the monafteries already referred to. He appointed three vifitors, Doctors Legh, Layton, and Ap Rice ; and probably towards the end of the year 1535, the two former appeared before the gate of Roche Abbey, for we find them about that time at Fountains, the abbot of which place they wrote to Cromwell was "a vara fole and a miferable ideote." The manner in which the vifitors approached an abbey, was to come upon it fuddenly, fummoning the brethren immediately before them. An amufing illuftration of this may be found in Dr. Layton' s letter to Cromwell, defcribing what he did on arriving at the Abbey of Langdon. "Immediately difcending from my horfe, I fent Bartlett, your fervant, with all my fervants to circumcept the abbay, and furely to kepe alle bake dorres and ftarting hoills, etc. I my felf went alone to the abbot's lodging, joynyng upon the feldes and wode, evyn lyke a cony clapper full of ftartyng hoilles, a goode fpace knokkyng at thabbottes dore, nee vox nee fenfus apparuit, faveyng thabbottes litle doge that, within his dore fafte lokked, bayede and barkede. I found a fhort polax ftanding behynde the dore, and with yt I daffhhede thabbottes dore in peiffes, ictu oculi, and fet one of my men to kepe that dore, and aboute houfe I go with that polax in my hande, ne forte, for thabbot is a daingeroufe defperate knave and hardy. But for a conclufion, his gentle woman beyftr- rede her ftumpis towards her ftartyng hoilles, and ther Bartlett i ' Specimen Monachologiae. •$* JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CVNDAL. yi wachying the purfuet towke the tendre damoifel, and after I had examined hir, to Dover ther to the maire to fett hir in fum cage or prifon for viii dayes, and I brought holy father abbot to Canterbury and here in Chriftes church I will leve hym in prifon. In this foden doying ex tempore to circumcept the houfe and to ferche, your fervant John Antonie his men mervelede what fellow I was, and fo dyde the refte of thabby, for I was unknowyn ther of alle men. At laft, I founde her apparel in thabbottes cofer. To tell howe all this commodie, but for thabbot a tragedie, hit were to long. How hit fhalle appere to gentilmen of this contrey, and other comons, that ye fhalle not deprive or vifite but upon fubftanciall groundes. Surely I fuppos Gode him felf put hit in my mynde thus fodenly to make a ferche at the begynnyng, bycaufe no chanon appered in my fyght ; I fuppofede rather to have founde a woman emongifte them than in thabbottes chambre. The refte off alle this knaverie I fhall differ tyll my cumyng unto you, whiche fhalbe with as muche fpede as I can poffible, doyng my allured deligence in the refte. Scribulled this Satterday, and written with the hafty hand of your affured fervant Richard Layton. When the vifitors had affembled the brethren together, they gave leave to every one under twenty-four years of age to go where he pleafed, and if any chofe to quit their monafteries they had a fecular drefs given them and forty millings, and were reftored to the full privileges of the laity. Gifted with fuch unbounded power, it is not to be wondered at that the vifitors performed their tafks fometimes in an unfeeling manner. Dr. Ap Rice complained to Cromwell of the overbearing manner of Dr. Leigh in his vifitations, — that he was too infolent and pompatique, and handled the fathers too roughly for not meeting him at the door when they had no warning of his coming — that he had twelve men waiting on him in livery, befides his brother, which were a great tax upon the fmall monafteries, — and that he took too much money in the filling up of the vacancies which he found in abbeys. After the King's fupremacy was eftablifhed, all thofe abbots that had formerly received confirmation of the Archbifhop, were now confirmed by him, through his Lord Vicegerent Cromwell ; fo that when a vacancy occured, care was taken to allow no one to become the head of a religious houfe, unlefs he was favourable to the king. Leave to elect was given, but the name of the perfon to be chofen •$. 4- 7 2 ROCHE ABBEY. + was iirfl declared. It is not unlikely that Henry Cundal, the laft abbot of Roche, was inftituted in this manner, for no record of his confirmation and benediction can be found in the Regifters of the Archbifhops of York. What treatment the brethren of Roche experienced at the hands of Doctors Legh and Layton is not known, nor has the document defcribing the moral condition in which the monaftery was then found been preferved. The queftions which the vifitors demanded of them were eighty- fix in number, and have been epitomized by Burnet as follows : — Whether divine fervice was kept up day and night, in the right hours ? and how many were commonly prefent, and who were frequently abfent ? Whether the full number, according to the foundation, was in every houfe ? Who were the founders ? What additions have been made fince the foundation ? and what were their revenues ? Whether it was ever changed from one order to another ? By whom ? and for what caufe ? What mortmains they had ? And whether their founders were fufEciently authorized to make fuch donations ? Upon what fuggeftions and for what caufes they were exempted from their diocefans ? Their local ftatutes were alfo to be feen and examined. The election of their head was to be inquired into. The rule of every houfe was to be confidered. How many profefled ? And how many novices were in it ? And at what time the novices profefTed ? Whether they knew their rule, and obferved it ? Chiefly the the three vows of poverty, chaftity, and obedience ? Whether any of them kept any money without the Mailer's knowledge ? Whether they kept company with women within or without the monaftery ? Or if there were any back-doors by which women came within the precincts ? Whether they had any boys lying by them ? Whether they obferved the rules of filence, falling, abftinence, and hair fhirts ? Or by what warrant they were difpenfed with in any of thefe ? Whether they did eat, fleep, wear their habit, and ftay within the monaftery, according to their rules ? Whether the Mafter was too cruel or too remifs ? And whether he ufed the brethren without partiality or malice ? Whether any of the brethren were incorrigible ? Whether the Mafter made his accompts faithfully once a year ? + ■ -••• & 4* JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CUNDJL. 73 i Whether all the other officers made their accompts truly ? And whether the whole revenues of the houfe were employed according to the intention of the founders ? Whether the fabric was kept up, and the plate and furniture were carefully preferved ? Whether the convent feal and the writings of the houfe, were well kept ? And whether leafes were made by the matter to his kindred and friends, to the damage of the houfe ? Whether hofpitality was kept ? And whether at the receiving of novices, any money or reward was demanded or promifed ? What care was taken to inftruct the novices ? Whether any had entered into the houfe, in hope to be once the mafter of it ? Whether in giving prefentations to livings, the Mafter had referved a penfion out of them ? Or what fort of bargains he made concerning them ? An account was to be taken of all the parfonages and vicarages belonging to every houfe, and how thefe benefices were difpofed of, and how the cure was ferved. Having obtained anfwers to the eighty-fix queftions, the Viiitors were ordered to give before departing feveral injunctions to the following effect : — " That they mould endeavour, all that in them lay, that the act of the King's fucceffion mould be obferved;" (where it is faid that they had under their hands and feals confirmed it. This mows that all the religious houfes of England had acknowledged it :) " and they mould teach the people, that the King's power was fupreme on earth, under God ; and that the Bifhop of Rome's power was ufurped by craft and policy, and by his ill canons and decretals, which had been long tolerated by the Prince, but was now juftly taken away. The -abbot and brethren were declared to be abfolved from any oath they had fworn to the Pope, or to any foreign potentate ; and the ftatutes of any order, that did bind them to a foreign fubjection, were abrogated, and ordered to be razed out of their books. That no jmonk mould go out of the precinct, nor any woman enter within it without leave from the King or the Vifitor; and that there mould be no entry to it but one. a Some rules were given about their meals ; and a chapter of the Old or New Teftament was ordered to be read at every one. The Abbot's table was to be ferved with common meats, and not with 'The ftri&nefs of this injun&ion was intolerable, and was the caufe of many giving up the monaftic life. & $. IO ♦§* 74 ROCHE ABBEY. -+ delicate and ftrange difhes; and either he or one of the feniors, was to be always there to entertain ftrangers. Some other rules follow about the diftribution of their alms, their accommodation in health and ficknefs. One or two of every houfe were to be kept at the univerfity, that, when they were all inftructed, they might come and teach others : and every day there was to be a lecture of divinity for a whole hour : the brethren muft all be well employed. The Abbot or head was every day to explain fome part of the rule, and apply it to Ch rift's law ; and to mow them that their ceremonies were but elements introductory to true Chriftianity ; and that religion confifted not in habits, or in fuch like rites, but in cleannefs of heart, purenefs of living, unfeigned faith, brotherly charity, and true honouring of God in fpirit and in truth : that therefore they muft not reft in their ceremonies, but afcend by them to true religion. Other rules are added about the revenues of the houfe, and againft waftes ; and that none be entered into their houfe, nor admitted under twenty-four years of age. Every prieft in the houfe was to fay mafs daily ; and in it to pray for the King and Queen. If any broke any of thefe inj unctions, he was to be denounced to the King, or his Vifitor General. The Vifitor had alfo authority to puniih any whom he fhould find guilty of any crime, and to bring the Vifitor General fuch of their books and writings as he thought fit. Cromwell's Vifitors having afcertained the condition of every religious houfe, at length returned and laid upon the table of the Houfe of Commons the famous "Black Book" of the Monasteries which ftated that two thirds of the monks of England were living a life fo drunken, fo profligate, and fo iniquitous that the details of it may not be entered into. This parliament affembled on the 4th of February, 1536, and be it remembered it was a Catholic one. When the contents of the "Black Book" were read out in the Parliament Houfe, the indignation produced was fo great that the cry arofe of "Down with them ! " a and under the influence of this ftrong feeling the Act for the diffolution of the fmaller monafteries having a yearly income lefs than two hundred pounds, was paffed, "by the confent of the great and fatte abbottes" fays Grafton? "in hope that their great monafterys fhould have continued ftill. But even at that 'Latimer's Sermons, p. 123. 'p. 445. *■ 4- •$• JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CUNDAL. y 5 tyme one fayde in parliament houfe, that thefe were as thornes, but the great abbottes were putrifyed old okes, and they muft needs followe." The preamble of this act runs as follows : — " FORASMOCH as manifeft fynne, vicious, carnall and ab- omynable lyvyng, is dayly ufed and commytted amonges the lytell and fmal eabbeys, pryoryes, and other relygyous houfes of monkes, chanons, and nounes, where the congregacion of fuch relygyous perfones is under the nombre of XII perfones, whereby the gouv- ernours of fuch relygyous houfes and thir convent, fpoyle, deftroye, confume and utterly wafte, afwell their churches, monafteyres, pryoryes, principall houfes, fermes, granges, landes, tenementes, and heredytamentes, as the ornaments of ther churches and ther goodes and cattalle, to the high dyfpleafour of Almyghty God, flaunder of good relygyon, and to the greate infamy of the kynges highnes and the realm, if redres fhuld not be hadde therof; and albeit that many contynuall vyfytacions hath bene hertofore had by the fpace of two hundreth years and more, for an honeft and charytable reformacion of fuch unthrifty, carnall and abhom- ynable lyvyng, yett nevertheleffe, lytell or none amendement ys hytherto hadde, but ther vycyous lyvigng fhameleily encreaffeth and augmentith, and by a curfed cuftome is fo rooted and enfefted that a greate multytude of the relygyous perfones in fuch fmale houfes doo rather chofe to rove abrode in apoftafy than to conforme them to the obfervacions of good relygyon ; foe that without fuche fmall houfes be utterly fuppreffed, and the relygyous perfons therein com- mytted to greate and honorable monafteries of relygyon in this realme where thei maye be compelled to lyve relygyoufly for the reforma- cion of their lyves, ther canne elles be noo reformacion in this behalf. In conclufion whereof the Kynge's moil Roy all Majefty beyng fupreme hede on erthe under God of the church of England, dayly findyng and devyfyng the increafe advauncement and exaltation of true dodlryne and vertue in the feid churche, to the onelye glorye and honor of God and the totall extirpyng and dyfhruccion of vyce and fynne, havyng knowledge that the premyfes be true, as well by the comptes of his late vyfytacions as by fundry credyble informacions, confyderyng alfo that dyverce greate folempne monafteryes of this realme, wherein, thankes be to God, relygyon is right well kept and obferved, be deftytute of fuch full noumbers of relygyous perfons as they ought and maye kepe, hath thought good that a playne declar- acion mould be made of the premyfes afwell to the lordes fpirituall and temporall as to other his lovyng fubjectes the commons in this 4* •$• y6 ROCHE ABBEY. prefent parliament arfembled; whereupon the feid lordes and commons by a greate deliberacion fynally be refolved, that yt ys and fhalbe moche more to the pleafour of Almyghty God and for the honor of this his realme that the poffemons of fuch fpiritual relygyous houfes, nowe beyng fpent, fpoyled, and waited for increafe and mayntenance of fynne, mould be ufed and converted to better ufes, and the unthrifty relygyous perfons foo fpendyng the fame to be compellyd to reforme their lyves. And therupon moft humbly defire the kynge's highnes that yt may be enacted by auctoryte of this prefent parliament, that his majeftie fhall have and enjoy to hym and his heirs for ever all and fynguler fuche monafteryes pryoryes and other relygyous houfes of monkes, chanons, and nonnes, of what kyndes or dyverfyties of habyttes, rules, or orders foo ever ther be called or named, which have not in landes and tenements, rentes, tythes, porcions and other heredytamentes, above the clere yerely value of two hundreth pounds ; and in lyke maner fhall have and enjoy all the fcytes and circuytes of every fuche relygyous houfes, and all and fynguler the manors, granges, meafes, londes, tenements, revercions, rents, fervyces, tythes, pencions, portions, churches, chapelles, advowfons, patronages, annuyties, rightes, entres, condy- cions, and other heredytamentes apperteynyng or belongyng to every fuche monafterye, pryory, or other relygyous houfe, not havyng as ys aforefeid above the feid clere yearly value of two hundreth poundes, in as large and ample maner as the abbottes, pryours, abbeffes, pryoreffes, or other governers, of fuche monafteryes, pryoryes, and other relygyous houfes now have or ought to have the fame in the right of ther houfes. And that alfo his highnefs fhall have to hym and to hys heires all and fynguler fuch monafteryes, abbeis, and pryoryes whiche at eny tyme, within one yere next aftre the makyng of this acte, hath be gevyn and graunted to His Majefty by any abbot, pryor, abbes or pryores, under the covent feals, or that other- wyfe hath be fuppreffed or dyfolved. And all and fynguler the manors, londes, tenementes, rentes, fervyces, revercions, tythes, pencions, portions, churches, chappelles, advowfons, patronages, rightes, entrees, condicions, and all other intereftes and hereditaments to the fame monafteryes, abbeys, and pryoryes, or to any of them, apperteynyng or belongyn. To have and to holde all and fynguler the premyffes with all ther rightes, profyttes, juryfdiccions, and commody- tyes, unto the Kyng's Majeftye and to his heires and affigns for ever, to doo and ufe therwyth his and ther owen wylles to the pleafor of Almyghty God and to the honor and profytte of thys realme." a a 27 Hen. VIII. cap. 28. 4? * JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CUNDAL. y 7 Provifion is then made to render void any alienations of land or property which any abbot may have made, fearing the diffolution of his monaftery. All ornaments and goods are given to the King as well as the monafteries themfelves and their lands. The greater monafteries are ordered to admit the members turned out of the leffer. The yearly income of Roche Abbey having been returned as more than two hundred pounds/ it was not affected by this act. It how- ever had a very narrow efcape, as the furplus income which preferved it was only twenty-two pounds. To carry out the act of Suppreffion, Doctors Legh and Layton again made their unwelcome appearance in Yorkshire, and, as might be anticipated, were not more popular than they had been during their former vifit. In fact it was impoffible that men whofe employ- ment was one of facrilege and deftruction, could be looked upon by any but a few Puritans, with anything but diffatiffaction. Their fervants alfo treated the monks with an infolent contempt ; taking from the churches and chapels of the diffolved houfes, their relics and fpoils, and difplaying them as they travelled from one place to another. Some made faddle-cloths of the church veftments, or wore them as garments ; and fome hammered the filver relic cafes into fheaths for their daggers. The people feeing thefe things going on, began to wonder what would be the end, and a rumour foon fpread that all religion was to be done away with, and that the parifh churches would foon fhare the fate of the monafteries, 'or that only one for every feven or eight miles would be left, the plate of which would be confifcated, and chalices of tin fupplied inftead. They alfo thought from the enquiries which Cromwell was making about births, deaths, and marriages, that they would foon have to pay a fine to the King for every chriftening, burial and wedding, whereas that fagacious ftatefman had only the admirable intention, which he two years afterwards carried out, of inftituting parifh registers. In all thefe fufpicions, the people were encouraged by the great abbots, who were now forely taxed by the crowds of monks who arrived from the fuppreffed houfes, and who knew well that their turn was foon coming. At Louth, in Lincolnfhire, the feeling of the priefts and people had grown fo ftrong, that it at length broke out into a formidable infurrection. Beginning on the firft of October, 1536, with a few inhabitants gathered together in a knot on the green of the town, and headed by a cobbler, they in a few days numbered thoufands, a See " Valor Ecclefiafticus." ♦$• 7* ROCHE ABBEY. -* there being among them priefts, and monks to the number of feven or eight hundred, whofe words of peace were "Kill the gentlemen, if they will not join us they mail be hanged.'" 1 On the third of October they drew up fix demands which were to be made of the King. The firft was that the religious houfes mould be reflored; and the others required that they mould be relieved from obnoxious taxes and perfons, one of the latter of courfe being Cromwell. Two mefTengers were fent to London with thefe demands, and while they were detained there, fixty thoufand rebels had found their way to Lincoln, but for want of provifions, could not remain there. The royal army feeing them rapidly difperfing, began to fear there would be no battle. After fome time the anfwers to the demands of the rebels arrived and were read in the chapter houfe of the Cathedral. Thefe being more or lefs fatiffactory, the rebel army being much demoralized, broke up, the whole rifing and difperfion having occupied lefs than a fortnight. But the fire of infurreclion only fmouldered ! €f)c pilgrimage of <®racc. THE rebellion in Lincolnfhire was immediately followed by a ftill more formidable rifing in Yorkshire, called the " Pilgrimage of Grace." One Robert Afke, a Yorkshire gentleman and a barrifter in good practice at Weftminfter, and who had been fpending the law vacation in his native country, on his way back to his bulinefs, met with a party of the Lincolnfhire rebels who demanded his name, and offered him the popular oath to be "faithful to the King, the Commonwealth, and to Holy Church." Thefe rebels having thus " taken " him, as Afke afterwards called it, became his body-guard, and with ftrange rapidity, the name of Afke became the rallying cry of the rebels. Upon the failure of the infurgents in Lincolnfhire, Robert Afke left that country and returned into Yorkfhire, and there he grew ftill more famous. The fire of infurrection re-kindled, and the fluff of the Yorkfhire rebels proved to be even more inflammable than that of the Lincolnfhire. Bells and beacon-fires were clanging and burning all over the country, and addreffes bearing the name of Robert Afke, which he afterwards declared to be forgeries, were handed about and ported on every church door, requefting the people to affemble "to preferve the Churche of God frome fpoylyng &c." a Froude, vol. iii., p. 114. * -* •$• <%. JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CUNDAL. 79 Upon hearing of the infurrection, the King wrote to Lord Darcy to fupprefs it, but that nobleman fhut himfelf up in his Caftle of Pomfret, and would not mutter his men. On the 14th of October, the rebel force collected on Weighton Common, where Afke was chofen commander-in-chief. This army appears to have been a very formidable one, as the men were ftrong and well armed. They were grouped, according to their parifhes, in companies, the priefts bearing the croffes of their churches before them. On their banners they had a crucifix with the five wounds and a chalice ; and every one wore on his fleeve as the badge of the party an emblem of the five wounds of Chrift, with the name Jefus wrought in the midft. a Before this force, Hull, Pomfret, and York foon furrendered, and in all the places where they were victorious, the monks were rein- ftated in their monafteries, and " though it were never fo late when they returned," writes the Earl of Oxford to Cromwell, " the friars fang matins the fame night." On the 2 1 ft of October, the rebel army had its head quarters at Pomfret, in the caftle of which place " the great captain " Afke fat at tbe head of the rebel council, together with the Archbifhop of York, Lord Darcy, and others. Here he received " with a cruel and ineftimable proud countenance," the Lancafter Herald, who had been fent with a royal proclamation, and which proclamation, in fpite of the entreaties of the Herald, he would on no account allow to be read. On the 24th of October, the royal army under the Duke of Norfolk and Lord Shrewfbury, was at Doncafter, to which place the rebels alfo marched from Pomfret, thirty thoufand ftrong, the royalift army numbering no more than eight thoufand. Having arrived, they deployed along the banks of the river, which was much fwollen, from Ferribridge to Doncafter; and thus with the river dividing them, the two armies lay watching each other for two days ; the heads of each party, in the meanwhile endeavouring to come to fome arrangement which might prevent bloodfhed. At length, on the 26th of October, it was agreed that a confer- ence fhould be held upon the bridge, when nine gentlemen from either fide met, and Sir Thomas Hilton, on behalf of the rebels, explained their demands. Thefe were arranged into twenty-four articles. b The portions of thefe articles which more particularly relate to our fubject, were that "the abbeys fuppreffed be reftored — 3 Burnet, vol. i. p. 416. b Froude, vol. iii., p. 136. 4 1 4 80 ROCHE ABBEY. houfes lands and goods." " That the Lord Cromwell have condign punifhment as a fubverter of the good laws of the realm." "That Dr. Legh and Dr. Layton have condign punifhment for their extortions in the time of their vifitation of the religious houfes, and other their abominable acts by them committed and done." This conference lafted the whole day, and in the darknefs of night it was agreed that Sir Robert Bowes and Sir Ralph Ellercar, accompanied by the Duke of Norfolk, as an interceffor, mould carry the articles to the King. It was alfo arranged that there mould be an armiflice, and that the muttered on both fides fhould be difbanded. On the 29th of October, the King received the meffengers gracioufly, and in order to gain time, detained them a fortnight ; in the meanwhile fending meffengers north to endeavour to combat the delufions of the people. On the 14th of November, Bowes and Ellercar were difmiffed " with general inflructions of comfort," and a promife that a final reply fhould be given in a month. But when at length this anfwer arrived, it did not fuit the infurgents, and after a hafly council, held at York, Afke again collected his army. The royal army alfo reoccupied the line of the Don, and had its head-quarters at Rother- ham. And yet only one thing kept up the infurrection. The King would not grant a complete pardon to the rebels. He would have five or fix of the worft. offenders. This obftacle at length, however, was removed, the King granting, by the advice of his privy-council, a general pardon ; and on the 2nd of November, an agreement was come to at Doncafter, the rebels believing that their entire petition had been granted. At the clofe of this meeting, Afke knelt down in the prefence of the Lords, and having defired that he fhould no more be called "captain," with others, pulled off their badges croffed with the five wounds, all of them faying " we will wear no badge or figure but the badge of our fovereign Lord." It had been well if the "Pilgrimage of Grace" had thus ended, but the people growing fufpicious that the King's promifes would not all be fulfilled, again rofe under Sir Francis Bigod. George the eldeft. fon of Lord Lumley, tried to take Scarborough and failed. Hallam attempted Hull with the fame refult. Bigod fucceeded in taking Beverley, but was foon obliged to fly. The King enraged at this new rebellion, fent down orders to execute a large number of the infurgents in every town and village, and make fuch a " fearful fpectacle " as mall be a warning to others, and " Finally, forafmuch as all their troubles have enfued by the •$• JOHN HESLING TON—HENRT C VNDAL. 8 1 folicitation and traitorous confpiracies of the monks and canons of thofe parts, we defire you at fuch places as they have confpired or kept their houfes with force fince the appointment at Doncafter, you mail, without pity or circumftance, caufe all the monks and canons that be in any wife faulty, to be tied up without further delay or ceremony. " The Duke of Norfolk obeyed this order and hanged feventy-four perfons. The Abbot of Kirkftead, the Abbot of Barlings, and feventeen others were alfo hanged at Lincoln. The Abbot of Fountains, the Abbot of Jervaulx, the Abbot of Rievaulx, the Prior of Bridlington, Bigod and others were hanged at Tyburn. Lord Darcy and Afke were alfo arretted and accufed of having been concerned in this frefh attack. On the arreft of Afke, " his fervant, Robert Wall, did call himfelf upon his bed and cried * Oh, my matter ! Oh, my matter ! they will draw him, and hang him, and and quarter him ; ' and therewith he did die for forrow." The prophecy of this faithful one was only too true. In July, 1537, Robert Afke was drawn through the ftreets of York on a hurdle, and afterwards hanged, from the top of a high tower, his laft requeft being granted " Let me be full dead or that I be difmembered, that I may pioufly give my fpirit to God, without more pain." Lord Darcy was executed on Tower Hill. And thus, at laft, drowned in *its own blood, rebellion died ! The demolition of the religious houfes which had been checked for awhile by the rebellion, again commenced, and went on rapidly. And the King knowing that he had nothing now to fear, began to make arrangements for the fuppreffion of the greater monafteries. In the fummer of 1537, a new vifitation of the religious houfes was ordered. Dr. Legh and Dr. Layton being again appointed Vifitors for the North of England. They were ordered to examine the monks ftriclly in all things that related either to their affection to the King and the fupremacy, or to their fuperftition, in their feveral houfes ; to difcover what cheats and impoftures there were either in their images, relics or other miraculous things, by which they had drawn people to their houfes on pilgrimages, and gotten from them any great prefents. Alfo to try how they were affected during the late commotions ; and to difcover every thing that was amifs in them, and report it to the Lord Vicegerent* In anfwer to thefe queftions we have the following document relating to Roche, two copies of which exift. One in the Rolls a Burnet. ♦ *- -+ ROCHE ABBEY. Houfe, " Hijiorical and other documents, No. 761,] p. 8." and the other in the Britifh Mufeum, "Lansdowne MSS., 988 fol. 4." "The compendium of the difcoveries made by Dr. Legh and Dr. Layton in the vifitation of the royal province of York in the Bifhoprics of Coventry, Lichfield and others, in the time of Henry VIII. ftupa alta# HSotfie* William Hela John Wheland Sodomites, -j Robert Reine Henry Wilfon John Doddefworth. Sufpecled of j j on n Robinfon, fufpefted of the crime of treafon and Treafon. \ * imprifoned at York. Superjiition. ' Pilgrimage is made hither to an Image of the Crucifix, found (as it is believed) on a rock, and is held in veneration. Founder. { The Earl of Cumberland. The annual account, 170/. The Houfe owes 20/."" There are many points of interefl in the foregoing writing. Of the five monks who are faid to have been guilty of an unnatural crime, two, John Wheland and Robert Rein had left the monastery before the difiblution, which took place a year afterwards. John Robinfon, who at the time of the vifitation was confined in York Caftle, fufpecied of treafon, was probably not guilty, as we find him liberated and receiving his penfion in the reign of Queen Mary. The fearch for objects of fuperftition feem not to have been very fuccefiTul at Roche, as only the Image of the Crucifix on a Rock b is recorded ; but at other Houfes mofl extraordinary objects were found. Relics innumerable. The parings of St. Edmund's toes ; * Memorandum (in a modern hand) " This filthy Book of Calumnies was invented by the Commiffioners for the purpofe of juftifying the fuppreffion of the religious houfes, and the robbery of the Church. It is referred to in 'Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy,' Part 3, Sec. 2, number I." Another memorandum fays "The whole of the vifitation is of this difcription." b I have fought in vain for any traces of this curious object. The Vifitors had inftrucYions to deface and utterly deftroy everything of an ufelefs or fuperftitious charafter, and they feem to have done their work thoroughly here. •fr- JOHN HESLINGTON—HENRT CVNBAL. 83 the pen-knife and boots of St. Thomas a Becket; pieces of the true crofs, enough to build a fhip ; a piece of St. Andrew's finger, in pledge for 40/, but which the Vifitor will not redeem at the price. In fact every reliquary feems to have been " Icrammed ful of cloutes and bones " each one fuppofed to have its own peculiar power. There were relics againft bad weather, againft weeds, againft difeafe and pain, and there were relics which would bring you every blemng, " So that he offer pense or elles grotes." But what brought the monks into ill favour more than thefe relics was their images. The moft popular of thefe was the Crucifix of Boxley Abbey, in Kent, which went by the name of " the rood of grace" The eyes of this Image on fit occafions "did ftir like a lively thing," the body bowed, the forehead frowned, and the lower lip dropped as if about to fpeak. The people of Kent believed in this rood above all others, and the offerings to it were enormous. At length, however, a fceptical commiflioner arrived, and nothing awed, examined the figure clofely. The refult of this inflection was the difcovery of a fufficient amount of mechanifm to produce the forementioned actions. The Image was immediately taken down and publicly exhibited. It was fhewn at Maidftone. It performed before the court at Whitehall, and finally, it went through its motions at Paul's Crofs, where the Bifhop of Rochefter lectured upon it, and when the indignation of the people was at its higheft, it was given to them, and in a few moments it was torn in pieces. Celebrated Images from Wallingham, Ipfwich, Doncafter, and Penrice, were alfo brought to Smithfield, and burnt together. When the people faw how they had for centuries been deceived and tricked out of their money, a ftrong reaction took place, and inftead of the feeling of fear and devotion which had fo long chained them, a recklefs and barbarous inconoclafm now poffefTed their minds ; and they were ready when a religious houfe was fup- prefTed, to pull down, fpoil and pilfer, and to defecrate even the churches in which only a few days before they had worshipped ! But to recur to the difcoveries of Dr. Legh and Dr. Layton at Roche. The Earl of Cumberland is returned as the Founder. This was Henry Clifford, the firft earl and the defcendant of Thomas de Clifford, the fixth lord, whofe daughter, Matilda, Countefs of Cambridge, became founder of Roche in 1446. (See page 59.) It will alfo be feen that the yearly income had fallen in a year from 222/ to 170/, and that the Houfe had run into debt 20/. This 4- ^ & & 84 ROCHE ABBET. falling off in the yearly value, laid Roche Abbey under the power of the act for the fuppreffion of the leffer monafteries, and looks as if Henry Cundal, the laft abbot, like the abbots of other Houfes, had made away with the property to enrich himfelf before being driven out. A year after this fecond vifitation of the monafteries, Roche Abbey was furrendered to the Crown. £utrcn&c£ $>ecfc of ftocfjc SUfcfocp, "TO all the faithful in Chrift, to whom the prefent writing may come, Henry (Cundal) Abbot of the Monaftery or Abbey of the Bleffed Mary the Virgin, of Roche, in the diocefe of York, of the Ciftercian order, and the Convent of the fame place, eternal falvation in the Lord ! KNOW YE that We, the aforefaid Abbot and Convent by unanimous affent and confent, after due deliberation in our minds, of our certain knowledge, and by our own pure acl, for certain juft and reafonable caufes fpecially moving our minds and confciences thereto of our own accord and will, have given and granted and by thefe prefents do give and grant, yield and confign to our Moft Illuftrious Prince and Lord, Henry VIII, by the grace of God, of England and France, King, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland, and on Earth Supreme Head of the Engliih Church, the whole of our faid Mon- aftery or Abbey of Roche and all the lite, groundplot, circuit and precinct of the faid Monaftery of Roche aforefaid, Alfo all and lingular manors, demefnes, meffuages, gardens, backyards, tofts, lands and tenements, meadows, paftures, woods, rents, reverfions and fer- vices, mills, tranfit fees, military fees, wards, marriage fees, born villeins with their belongings, commons, liberties, frankpledges, jurifdictions, offices, courtleets, hundreds, views of frankpledge, fairs, markets, parks, warrens, vineyards, waters, fifheries, ways, paths, empty homefteads, advowfons, nominations, appointments, donations of churches, vicarages, chapels, chantries, hofpitals and other eccle- fiaftical benefices whatever, rectories, vicarages, chantries, penfions, portions, annuities, tithes, oblations, and all and lingular our emolu- ments, profits, poffeffions, hereditaments, and rights whatever, as well within the faid County of York as within the Counties of Lincoln, Derby and Nottingham or elfewhere within the realm of England, Wales and the marches thereof, whatever way belonging, regarding, appending or devolving upon the fame Monaftery or . •fr — ■ — <& THE DISSOLUTION. 85 Abbey of Roche aforefaid ; and all our charters, evidences, writings, and muniments of every kind in any way regarding or concerning the faid Monaftery or Abbey, its manors, lands and tenements and the reft of the premifes with the appurtenances, or any parcel there- of; TO HAVE, hold and enjoy the faid Monaftery or Abbey, its fite, groundplot, circuit, and precinct of Roche aforefaid; alfo all and lingular domains, manors, lands, tenements, rectories, penfions and the reft of the premifes with all and lingular their appurtenances, to the aforefaid our moft Invincible Prince and Lord King Henry, his heirs and affigns, to whom for all effect of law in this behalf which may or can follow therefrom, we fubject and fubmit as in duty bound, ourfelves and the faid Monaftery or Abbey of Roche aforefaid, and all rights in whatever way by us acquired, giving and granting, as by thefe prefents we do give and grant to the faid Royal Majefty, his heirs and affigns, all and every manner of full and free faculty, authority and power to difpofe of us and all the Monafteries of Roche aforefaid, together with all and fingular manors, tenements, lands, rents, penfions, fervices and fingular the aforefaid, with their rights and appurtenances, and at his Royal pleafure and will to alienate, give, convert and tranffer to any ufes whatever, according to his Majefty 's pleafure, and fuch difpofals, alienations, donations, converfions and tranflations by his faid Majefty ■in what manner foever to be made, we promife by thefe prefents that we will confider that they ought from that time forth to be ratified, and will hold them ratified, granted and for ever confirmed. And that all and fingular the premifes may have due effect, we have moreover of our own free choice, for ourfelves and our fucceffors, openly, publicly, expreffly, with fure knowledge and willing minds, renounced and ceafed from all quarrels, provocations, appeals, actions, litigations and inftances whatever on our part which in any way feek or may hereafter feek for remedies and benefits for us and our fucceffors in that behalf under pretext of difpofal, alienation, tranf- lation and converfion aforefaid and the reft of the premifes, all miftakes arifing from fraud, fear, ignorance, or any other matter having without difpute, exception, objection or allegation, been entirely removed and laid afide, as by thefe prefents we do renounce and ceafe from, and in this writing give up our intereft in the fame. AND WE the aforefaid Abbot and Convent and our fucceffors- will warrant againft all people by thefe prefents, the faid Monaftery, precinct, lite, manfion and Church of Roche aforefaid, and all and lingular the manors, demefnes, meffuages, gardens, backyards, tofts, meadows, feedings, paftures, woods, underwoods, lands, tenements .$. „<&> *■ -# 86 ROCHE ABBET. and all and fingular the reft of the premifes with the appurtenances to the faid Lord the King his heirs and affigns for ever. In teftimony whereof We the aforefaid Abbot and Convent have caufed to be placed to this writing our common Seal." Given in our Chapter Houfe on the 23rd day of the month of June, in the 30th year of the reign of King Henry aforefaid." b (1538.) « ■**>* tytwts^cSte^ ~ ^ Henry, Abbot rT^ W) -(•g^^'^r^vVo^ Jr^ov-'Thomas Twell, Subprior f\£ auc fe^tf^ *V* ^ Richard Drax tj /vwv^ ff £JWp&. J- Happa .yij^-^rtf^^n. K?** £ ^~ T c but the true value was at leaft ten times as much," 18,000/ of this money the King defigned to convert into a revenue for eighteen 1 " Bifhopricks but this number dwindled down to fix. Of the inmates of Roche there is little more to fay. A monk of Roche compiled a hiftory of the Manor of Todwick, from the Conqueft to the reign of Henry III. It is printed in the " Monajlicon." Another of the monks fhortly before the dhTolution went about making notes of the churches in Yorkshire. It is to be regretted that that both his name and MS. are loft, and that all attempts to recover them have been fruitlefs. Extracts from the MS. were made by Mr. de la Pryme, which are now in the Britifh Mufeum with the reft of that gentleman's collection. When he faw it it was bound up with other manufcript matter, and in the pofTeflion of Mr. Canby, of Thorne. In judging of the value of the monaftic inftitution, the diffolution of which has now been defcribed, it is not fair to give undue promi- nence to that period when decay was faft approaching, left gazing on the decrepitude of age, we may chance to forget that the healthy vigour of manhood ever exifted. It is eafy to join the popular cry, » Burnet, Vol. i., p. 488 b Workfop was to have been one of the eighteen. — "Suppreffion of Monafteries, p. 264. c Mr. Hunter has ufed thefe notes in his " Deanery of Doncafter," Vol. i. p.p. 41, 188. ^ _.£ & -* THE DISSOLUTION. 95 " O aye, the monks, the monks, they did the mischief Theirs all the groffness, all the superftition Of a mod gross and superfluous age ! " But there doubtlefs was a time when the monks did good fervice in England, and " We will as soon believe with kind Sir Roger That old Moll White took wing with cat and broomflick And raised the laft night's thunder," as that the inmates of the monafleries were the cheating peftilent knaves which fome hiflorians have reprefented them to have been. Let us remember that for centuries they were the fole keepers of the records of religion philofophy and antiquity ; that to them we are indebted for a great portion of the early hiftory. of this country; and that they were the promoters of fcience and art. They were lawyers, doctors, architects, chemifts, artifls, poets and practical farmers. The good they did by fettling down in wafte places and reducing them to a ftate of cultivation muft have been very great. In wild and folitary places they made roads, cut drains, and otherwife rendered them habitable. neagJj. 3Htt£ton. — Nicholas de Saint Paul gave an oxgang b of land with * See page 17. b As much land as an ox can plough in a year, varying in quantity from fix to forty acres. «i|^" 'C. "•$' •$• ioo ROCHE ABBEY. a toft a and croft here, and confirmed to the monks what had been given to them by Leo de Manvers, and Michael, his fon. He alfo gave them all the woods and rents which he had recovered from the faid Leo and his fon. fSee Brancliffe.) The monks held land in Lumby and Afton in 1535, for which they paid i 2 d. to the heirs of Weftnis (Wafteneys.) 3llrmtf)CH:jje* — This place, which in old charters is written Arneld- thorpe and Arnethorpe, was a moft important part of the porfeffions of the monks. The grange was given them by Thomas de Arne- thorpe before 1 1 86. Roger, fon of Hugh Fitz Walter, gave two oxgangs of land with a toft and croft here, and a culture called Gunhale, with the North-wood in this territory, which Agnes, daughter of Robert de Brunington, quitclaimed. William, fon of Henry de Marifco, in 1246 quitclaimed all his rights in the inclofures here. Adam, fon of Ralph de Armthorpe, gave one oxgang of land here. Henry de Armthorpe of Pollington, fon and heir of Adam de Armthorpe, quitclaimed all his rights in the manor of Armthorpe in 1330. Jeremiah, the parfon of Romngton, with his corpfe, gave all his meadow in the fouth part of the wood here, called South-wood. It appears by "Kirby's Inqueft" that the monks held Armthorpe as one Knight's fee b of the King in capite in pure and perpetual alms the gift of Richard I. In 35 Henry III. the Abbot of Roche had a grant of free warren here. This grant was difputed in the time of Edward I., and the abbot was fummoned to mow by what warrant he claimed free warren. In anfwer the abbot produced the charter of Henry III., which fhewed his right. In 9 Edward II. the Abbot of Roche was returned Lord of Armthorpe. He had in his employ a Steward, a Bailiff/ a Forefter, and a Granger, who was a monk. 6 ' A houfe, or rather a place where a houfe flood, which is decayed. b A Knight's fee is fo much inheritance as is fufficient to maintain a Knight, which in Henry the Third's time was fifteen pounds, or two hundred acres. — Bailey. c In 1535, Sir William Fitz William was fteward of Armthorpe, and Miles Wyn bailiff; the former receiving 40s. and the latter 20s. per annum. d See page 89. e See page 34. -%> ■ "* THE POSSESSIONS. 101 The yearly income derived from Armthorpe is given in the "Valor" as £23 ioj-., this fum being made up of rents, falls of wood, profits of court, rents of affize, &c. At the Diffolution all the property which the monks had here went to the crown, and in 33 Henry VIII., the King, wifhing to extend the limits of Hatfield chafe, added Armthorpe to it. Not fo much, however, with the intention of increafing the fpace for his deer as to enfure their fafe keeping by placing it under the authority of the officers of the chafe ; for we find that the manor of Arm- thorpe was granted in 1551 to the Duke of Northumberland. It had been let from the diffolution until the date of this grant in two portions, one at £2 16s. 4^/. and the other at £21 19s. 2d. per annum, out of which ly. \d. was paid to the collector of the rents, making the clear yearly value £24 2s. 2|d. a Stttriiffc* — It would appear from Tanner's references that the monks held a tenement in this place, but the reference given is incorrect, as it has been found to refer to property formerly belong- ing to the Abbot of Weftminfter. It is certain, however, that the monks of Roche had poffeffions in the neighbourhood of ArnclirFe, and it is not unlikely that they also had the tenement referred to by Tanner. 3H$)cnljccrf) see £ctftfiale. Sootier. — Property in this place, which is alfo called Aexoure, in Derbyfhire, was given to the monks before the year 11 86, by Simon de Plefley. It was ftill in their hands in 1232, but feems to have been difpofed of before the diffolution. SMherru — In the Confirmation of Henry III. the monks are returned as having property in this place. At the diffolution it frill remained in their hands. 25alnc, — Henry, fon of Maurice de Afkern, gave one oxgang of land here, but it does not feem to have remained long in the hands of the monks. 25amBp. — The grange of this place was given to the monks before the year 1 186, by Gervas de Barnby ; and in 1245, Benedict, the Rector of Barnby, gave them the tithe of the grange alfo. In 10 John, there was a fine between William Fitz Thomas and Alice his wife, and Ofmund the Abbot of Roche, in which a verdict Particulars for grants 5 Ed. VI. sect. e. ■•$•" *- io2 ROCHE ABBEY. was returned for the abbot of one bovate of land with the appurte- nances in Barnby. In 1 3 Henry III., there was a fine between the Abbot of Roche and William, fon of Richard de Barnby, in which the faid William acknowledged and granted for himfelf and his heirs that the aforefaid abbot and his fucceffors mould, as is fitting, have common right of paflure for the whole year, for every kind of beafts from the grange of the faid abbot, except goats, everywhere in the wood of the faid William de Barnby ; and that they mould have pigs of the actual breeding of the faid grange in the fame wood, free from pannage" for ever. And, moreover, the faid William granted for himfelf and his heirs, that the aforefaid abbot and his fucceffors mould have and receive every year from the aforefaid wood, fix cartloads of wood for ever, to wit, two cartloads of good building timber, of oaks not fhaped, and two cartloads of wood for burning, and other two for fencing. And in like manner the faid William granted for himfelf and his heirs that whenever it mould happen that he pared fods or dug turfs with one or more of his men in the faid wood, it mould be quite lawful for the faid abbot and his fucceffors to pare fods or dig turfs in the fame place, to the extent of half the number of the fame men, without impediment. The Abbot of Roche rented land in Barnby of the Lord of Sprotburgh. At the diffolution the yearly value of Barnby grange was given as £y i os. Sd. The monks had alfo a rent-charge of £1 ios. id. and rent and a farm valued at 13J. gd., and perquifites of court, is. ^d., in all jTg 15^. lod. John Green, bailiff and receiver of Barnby , b had ioj-. per annum at the diffolution. In 36 Henry VIII., the manor of Barnby, late parcel of the poffefTions of Roche, was granted to Richard Turke, citizen of London. The quantity and value of the timber growing upon the manor of Barnby and Bramwith at this time may be learnt from the following entry : — "There be growing aboute the fcytuation of the fayd mannor and V tenementes there, and in the hedges inclofyng the landes apperteyning to the fame, CXL. okes and afhes of LX. and LXXX. yeres growth, mofl parte ufually cropped and fhred, whereof LX. referved for tymber for houfboote to repayre the houfes flanding uppon the fcyte and for flakes for hedgeboote to repayre and maynteyne the faid hedges and fences and LXX. refydue valued at VId. the tree whiche is in the holl XLs." c I 5 Money paid for licenfe to feed fwine upon maft (i. e. the fruit of wild trees) in the woods. b Brother Thomas was granger at Barnby in the time of Henry III., and in trouble. See page 32. c Particulars for grants. Mifcellaneous No. 61, Rolls House. * : " — # -4 THE POSSESSIONS. 103 25anioiiJj5tDich. — The grange here is mentioned in King Henry's " Valor" as one of the pofiefnons of the monks of Roche, and is valued at £8 per annum. It does not feem to have belonged to them in 1232, as no mention is made of it in the confirmation of Henry III. It was here that the monks of Kirkftall firft fettled in 1 147. 2&afcPttp. — The Abbot of Roche had property here in 1232, but of what it confirmed and who gave it is not known. It had been diipofed of before the difTolution. 2£>iltjam. — In the reign of King John, William de Barvile gave to the monks of Roche four oxgangs in this place and quitclaimed his right in four other oxgangs, which Henry de Worthley unjurUy detained. Dodfworth fays that he gave the monks all his lands in Bilham. 2Mxtf)e$}ato see €£im£toe. 2£>Iptf). — John de Kyveton, parfon of the church of Radcliffe- on-Trent, made a fine with the King of twenty millings for licenfe to affign one mefluage, thirty-fix acres of land, three acres and twenty-four millings of rent, with the appurtenances in Blythe and Torworth, to the Abbot of Roche and the convent of the faid place. (See Kiveton.J In the time of Edward III., the Abbot of Roche was fummoned to anfwer to the King " by what warrant" he claimed to hold certain lands and tenements in Blyth in perpetual alms, free and quit from all taxes, &c, in anfwer to which the abbot produced the charter of Henry III., a which he faid the prefent King had confirmed at Clipfton in his fecond year. In anfwer as to how the abbot and his predecerTors had ufed their liberties, twelve jurors on their oath faid that they had ufed them well. That they were always amerced with others in the country, and as to pontage, they faid that the abbot ought not to be quit from making and repairing the bridge of Nottingham, called the " Town Bridge." In the Regifter of Blyth Priory, fol. 103, there is a compofition between the prior and convent of that place, and the prior of Roche, acting for the abbot, concerning tithes here. In Edward II. the Prior of Blyth held of the Honour of Tick- hill the whole town of Blyth in demefne in pure alms, except 4oj\ which the Abbot of Roche held in that town in exchange for the mill of Serlby in Nottinghamfhire. See page 20. # fy 104 ROCHE ABBEY. 25otil&ctocttetoang see €ot>toick, 25raitf)tudi. — The monks feem to have had no property here until the beginning of the thirteenth century. An oxgang of land with pafture for eighty fheep was granted them by Thomas, fon of Artrop de Braithwell, who alfo confirmed all that his anceftors had given, and Richard, his brother, confirmed the fame. William, fon of Gerbode gave ten acres of land in the fields of this town, with pafture for lixty fheep, and Robert, his brother, gave twenty acres of land in the fame fields, with pafture for fix fcore fheep. The monks of Roche had therefore the right of pafture here for two hundred and eighty fheep. Before the difTolution the monks paid one quarter of corn yearly at the mill of Coningfborough from the land which they held in Braithwell. After the difTolution the houfe and land of the abbot, together with fome property called Bellftring Lands, were let to W. Wilfon at £1 6s. 2d. per annum, paying thence to the crown 24.C, and to Lord Hundefdon at his manor of Coningfborough one quarter of wheat. In 1563 all this property was granted to Charles Jackfon, of Firbeck, Co. Notts., gent., at thirty-two years' purchafe (£16 ijs. 4^.). The moiety of the money to be paid in hand and the reft within fourteen days. The wood and underwood were fold the next year to Charles Jackfon and Wm. Mafon, for forty marks. 1 25ramiep. — Mabilia, the widow of Ote de Tilli, the fenefchal of Coningfborough, gave two oxgangs of land with a toft and croft here, of her own patrimony, or according to Dodfworth, " her lord- fhip of Bramley," but the monks were not to have common of pafture for more than a hundred fheep. She alfo confirmed three oxgangs in the fame place. The monks firft had property here about the year 1 1 90. The abbot paid feven-pence rent to Roger Fretwell for land in Bramley. Mr. Hunter fays, that the grange of the Abbot of Roche here, after the difTolution, became the feat of a family of Spencer, who acquired much of the property that had been in the hands of the religious. 2&ramtoitfj, — Gervis de Barnby gave the grange here, before the year 1 186. William, fon of William de Bladefworth, gave and confirmed * Particulars for grants. ^_ . ___= - . . __ —_.$. THE POSSESSIONS. 105 what he had here, and what the monks held of the fee of Allen de Hooton in this place. In 3 King John, there was a fine between William de Infula and Ofmund, Abbot of Roche, tenant of two carucates of land with the appurtenances in Bramwith. Verdict to William. And William granted to the aforefaid Abbot and his succeffors all the aforefaid land with the appurtenances, to hold of him and his heirs at the fervice of two marks per annum, fave foreign fervice. In 10 Henry III., there was a fine between Adam of Halyhton and Jane his wife, Robert, fon of Richard, and Sufanna his wife, plaintiffs; and Richard (? Reginald) Abbot of Roche, tenant of one bovate of land and half a fishery, with the appurtenances in Bramwith. The rents of aflize and cuftomary tenements here were valued in 34 Henry VIII. at £3 15X. q\d. The manor of Bramwith at the diffolution was granted to Richard Turke, citizen of London. 22>ranclif6c. — This grange was given to the monks before 11 86 by Leo de Manvers. In 35 Henry III. they had a charter of free warren here. At the diffolution, the Abbot's land here, which is called " The farm of the grange," was valued at £20. In 36 Henry VIII. it was granted to William Butler and others. In the lane leading from this grange to the Sheffield and Workfop road, there is frill a bridge which goes by the name of the " monks' bridge." 25riJ)lington. — The property of the monks feems to have ex- tended to this well-known place, which is fituated in the Eaft Riding. Odenell, fon of Nicholas d'Aubeney, gave one mark per annum out of his mill at Bridlington. There is no mention of this gift in the lift of the poffeflions of Roche at the diffolution ; it had probably therefore been dilpofed of before that time. 23rooftf)OU£C. — This place is fituated in the parish of Laughton, and appears in the " Valor Ecclefiajiicus" of Henry VIII. as one of the places belonging to Roche. 25room 0ifcfrittjj£. — This place lies about a mile and a half on the road from Rotherham to*Roche Abbey. Robert de Herthwic, for the good of the foul of Beatrix his wife, gave two acres of land here, abutting upon Gofeker, with the meadow lying at the head of the faid acres. The monks feem to have difpofed of this property before the diffolution. H «$• * io6 ROCHE ABBEY. 25u0tl)OEtte. — This place is fituated in the Eaft Riding, near Pocklington. Idonea, wife of Nicholas de Bugthorpe, gave two acres of land here. No mention is made of it at the dhTolution. y&t&ifymttt see ^atficlix CaOiltjjIotD. — This place is near Oneafh grange, and formed part of the property which the monks had in Derbyshire at the dhTolution. From the " Particulars for Grants" we learn that " the farm of the grange in the Peak, called Calengelawe, with all lands, meadows, paftures, &c, parcel of the pofTeffions of the late monastery of Roche, freely refigned, were in 1540 demifed to John Leke, Esq., at 40X. per annum." 1 CamjJ^al. — -The monks had fomething here at the dinolution. CarltOlt. — From the "Hundred Rolls" we find the following hiftory of the manner in which this place came into the hands of the monks. The anceftors of the King (4 Edward I.) had one manor in Carlton, belonging to the Crown, which was wont to yield £10 per annum, of which, King John gave to one Euftachius de Ludham and his heirs 30.;. yearly. And King Henry III. gave the refidue of the faid rent, to one Algret, the Crofs-bow man by his charter, and the faid Algret gave that rent to the Abbot of Roche, who then held it, and paid the King 6d. yearly. From the fame fource we learn that the Abbot had here twenty acres of meadow of the fee of Tickhill. Sarah, relicT: of Richard de Bawtry, quitclaimed alt her right in one oxgang of land here. In 3 1 Henry III., the Abbot of Roche obtained a charter of confirmation of liberties and privileges in the manor of Carlton-in- Lindric, in Nottinghamfhire, which was fome time the King's demefne. The monks did not hold this property long, as we find from the following charter : — ■ " The King to all whom, &c, greeting. Inafmuch as we have learnt by an inquilition which we have caused to be made by Hugo de Rodmerchewyet, in the county of Notts., that it is not to the a Rolls Houfe. Mifcellaneous, No. 24. * •4> L — <$• THE POSSESSIONS. 107 injury or prejudice of ourfelf or others if we grant to our beloved in Chrift, the Abbot and Convent of Roche, power for them to give and grant ten librates* of land and rents with the appurtenances in Carlton-in-Lindrik, which the faid Abbot and Convent hold of us by the fervice of a pair of gilt fpurs or fixpence per annum for all fervice, to our beloved and faithful Richard de Furnevs to have and to hold to the faid Richard and his heirs of us and our heirs by the fervice aforefaid for ever, we wifhing to do the faid Abbot and Con- vent a fpecial favour in this behalf have given licenfe as far as in us lies for them to be able to give and grant the aforefaid ten librates of land and rents with the appurtenances to the faid Richard, to have and to hold to him and his heirs of us and our heirs as afore- faid, and to the fame Richard we in like manner grant as a fpecial favour by thefe prefents power to receive the faid ten librates of land and rents from the aforefaid Abbot and Convent, being unwilling that the faid Abbot and Convent or their fucceffors by reafon of the donation and grant of the faid ten librates of land and rent, or the aforefaid Richard or his heirs by reafon of the reception of the fame mould by us or any of our heirs whatever be difturbed, molefted, or in any way aggrieved. Tefled at Canterbury the firft day of October, i295" b €arr. — At the diiTolution the yearly rents of Slade Hooton and Carr were valued at £9 8s. id. Ca£tfc$f)ato see ftorfjfcaic. CattDttft. — William, fon of Gilbert de Catwick gave in 1263 one eifart of land with a toft in this place. Cf)at£iU0ttf$. — Adam de Edinfor gave twenty acres of land upon Stanhege, in the territory of Chatsworth in Derbyshire, with pafture for two hundred fheep and fixty cattle, forty hogs and fix faddle horfes, with their produce of two years of age. ConittgS&orotlgtj.— Although many of the benefactors of Roche lived here, the monks never feem to have had large pofTemons in Coningfborough. Robert, fon of Glai, gave the land and wood of this place as far as White Well, between the road and the river. The grant was confirmed by Pope Urban in 1 186. It was in their hands in 1232, but had been difpofed of before the diffolution, at which time, how- ever, they paid 2s. 6d. rent for the mill of Coningfborough. a A librate of land is, according to Cowel, four oxgangs of fifteen acres each. Bailey fays fifty-two acres. b Pat. Rot. 23 Edw. I. M. 5. .$. _,£. •fr & 108 ROCHE ABBEY. CuOtDortf). — About the middle of the thirteenth century, Thomas, fon of Robert, of Eccleffield, quitclaimed to the Abbot and Convent of Roche, for ever, all right and claim that ever he had in four bovates of land with the appurtenances in Cud worth, which Henry of Selefai gave them ; the Abbot for the quitclaim paying two marks of filver. The monks had no property here at the difTolution. Cltmlicrtuortlf}. — From the following charter we find that the monks had property here at a very early period : — Cfjartcr of i©iHiam «£arl JBarrm " To all the faithful in Chrifl whom this prefent charter may come, William Earl Warren, greeting in the Lord. Know that I have granted, and by this my prefent charter confirmed to God and the BlefTed Mary and the monks of the Rock, for the welfare of my soul and thofe of my anceftors, all the land of "Cumbrewode," with the melfuages and all the appurtenances which Matthew de Shepley gave and confirmed to them by his charters, to hold in perpetual alms according to the tenor of the charter of Matthew. Thefe being witneffes : William fon of William, Malveifin de Herfy, Richard de Memers, Baldwin de Herfy, Robert de Brettvile, Ralph de Ecclefhale, John de Wakling, clerk ; John Wakefield, clerk; Reginald Coc." a The property which the monks had in this place is now called Upper Cumberworth Half. SDccpcar, — This place, with Rawmarfh, Abdy, and Haugh, was valued at the difTolution at 33J. gd. 2Den£|jatD see ftodjoalc. £Doma£tcx. — The two following charters give a difKnct account of the property of the monks in this town : — Charter of JMiiam Oc ISo££ington, " KNO WE YE that I, William, fon of Wulfagh, of Roffington, have granted and given, and by this my charter confirmed to God, the BlefTed Mary, and the Monks of Roche, for the welfare of my foul and that of Leuufa, my wife, my toft in Doncafter, with the appurtenances in which I abode, which I held of Ralph, fon of William Albus, near the church of St. George, to have and to » Morehoufe's Hiftory of Kirkburton. ♦fr ___ # ■$• —4 THE POSSESSIONS. 109 hold for ever, freely and quietly. Paying thrice yearly to the faid Ralph, fon of William Albus, and his heirs, two millings for all fervice and demand, at the four ftated terms (of the year) in Don- cafter. Moreover, I have granted and given to the faid monks that land which I held of Walter, fon of Leon, to have and to hold for ever, freely and quietly, paying thrice yearly to the faid Walter or his affigns four-pence for all fervice and demand, at the four ftatute terms in Doncafter. Moreover, I have granted and given to the faid monks four-pence in my lifetime, yearly, to be paid at the four ftatute terms in Doncafter. Witneffes: Jeremiah de Roffington, William, his brother, Hugh de Langethwait, Peter de Waddeworth, Reginald, the bailiff, Henry de Marfh, John, fon of Eudo de Bruntot." Charter of 3Umatttft dc Brampton. " KNOW &c, that I, Amabill, daughter of Robert de Brampton, formerly wife of Roger, fon of William Strie, in my widowhood and free power have granted and quitclaimed of me and my heirs for ever to Michael de Brampton, my brother, and his heirs, to give and affign to whomfoever and at whatever time he may pleafe, all the right and claim which I had or might have had under the name of dowry, or in any manner or occafion, in all that land with the buildings and the appurtenances in the town of Doncafter, which William de Warmfworth, chaplain, conferred upon the Abbot and Convent of Roche, to wit, that which lies between the land which Gena de Caftello held, and the lane which extends from Francis ftreet towards the Church of St. George, in length and breadth, as William Albus, my grandfather, held it, without any refervation. In fuch manner, to wit, as that neither I nor any of my heirs fhall be able henceforth to place or require any right, or claim, or challenge in the faid land, nor in the buildings, nor in the appur- tenances ; and that this my grant and quitclaim may remain ratified and firm, I have confirmed this prefent charter with my feal. Witneffes : Peter de Waddeworth, Reginald de Ketelbergh, Peter de Rofington, Richard, fon of Hugh, Adam de Scawfby, John Bruntat, (?) Robert, his brother, Reginald, the tailor, Reginald, fon of Reginald, and others." 11 The Abbot of Roche had property here at the diftblution, at which time they paid elevenpence three farthings rent to the provoft of the Lord the King of Coningfborough, iffuing from the land in Doncafter with its members. For thefe charters I am indebted to Dr. Sykes, of Doncaster, who poflefles the originals. «$•- -+ no ROCHE ABBEY. William de Warmfworth, chaplain of this place, alfo gave the monks a piece of land with certain buildings here. SPltn^croft. — The Abbot of Roche erected a grange here for the management of his poffeffions at Hatfield, from which place it is about half a mile diftant. The " Monajiicon Anglicanum" gives Dunfcroft as a Cell to Roche Abbey, and refers to a feal publifhed by Edward Rowe Mores, Efq., as the feal of the Cell. Mr. Hunter fays, the legend of this feal is not Dunfcroft, and that no Cell ever exifted here." Pope Alexander IV. granted permiflion in 1263, to the Abbot of Roche, to celebrate facred offices in his granges, &c. ; but there feems no reafon to believe that Dunfcroft grange ever held a higher pofition than any other of the abbey granges. b Ciiticlfjtfjorpc. — This place, which adjoined the abbey grounds, was given to the monks foon after the foundation, by Richard de Bufli, the fon of the Founder. c see ftocfj&alc— j^oImc.—Peter de Roflington gave the monks a wood here, now called " Holmes Carr Wood." J^olmc see €f)itrn£coe. — ^OOtOtt^XctoCt.— In 1 249, Manfelyn, of Doncafter, Manfelyn, of Brodfworth, and Elias, fon-in-law of the faid Manfelyn, releafed to the Abbot and Convent of Roche all lands, rents, and tenements which they had of Hamond de Levet, in the territory of Hotton- Levet, from the beginning of the world to the world's end. For better fecurity they had put to their Hebrew letter with their feal. This feems to have been an interference on the part of the monaftery between Hamond de Levet and the Jew money lenders, fimilar to that mentioned in page 13. Hamond, fon of William Levet, gave one oxgang of land, with a toft and croft in this place. Richard, fon of William Levet, gave half of the mill here, with the pool and free water courfe from Maltby mill to the Monk's mill, with the fuit of the faid moiety, referving a right to himfelf, his heirs and afiigns, to grind all their corn that mail grow upon four oxgangs in this territory, at a multure of the fixteenth bowl. Jordan, fon of Jordan de Infula, and Elizabeth his wife, gave all their land at Hooton-Levet. Adam, fon of Simon de la Roche, and Joan his wife, daughter of Robert de Wickerfly, gave one oxgang of land here, with a toft and croft, which gift Sir Robert de Wickerfley, knight, confirmed. Henry de Lacy granted and confirmed the donation which Richard de Wickerfley, and Roger and Jordan Hooton, made to the monks of Roche of common pafture of all the territory of Hooton. The property here was valued at the diffolution at £4 1 ys. 2d. per annum. ^OOtO!t-JSSoIJCrt£. — The monks had a farm at this place which was valued at the diffolution at is. per annum. (See Slade Hooton.) ^ope. — (Derbyshire.) — The monks poffeffed fomething here at the diffolution. m See page 16. •$• : «^S» ■ •$. THE POSSESSIONS. n 7 %fyt\\$. — It is not known from whom the monks derived this property. It is defcribed in 1552 as "a close called Ichells, lying near the dyke leading from Haugh to Went worth on the ealt, in the tenure of Thomas Wentworthe, Esq., at the will of the Lord the King from year to year, paying at the terms of St. Martin in winter and Pentecoft equally nine millings per annum." It was at this time granted to Admiral Lord Clinton." 5icMc£* — The Monks had two mills in Ickles, near Rotherham. (See Templebrrough.J SlngfoircfytDOrti), — From the following interesting charter we find that the monks had property here at an early date :— Cfjartcc of $)cnrp De £$rffcp. " Know all men, prefent and future, that I, Henry de Shelley, fon of Robert, have given, granted, and by this my charter confirmed for the welfare of my foul and of all my aneeftors and heirs, to the Abbot and Monks of St. Mary of Roche, the homage and fervice of John, fon of Robert del Der (Car) which he owed to me and to my heirs or affigns for two bovates of land with the appurtenances in Bircheworth, and the homage and fervice of John, fon of Adam, which he owed to me and by my heirs and affigns for one bovate of land with the appurtenances in the fame vill, and two bovates of land with the appurtenances which Richard and Joan held of me in the fame vill, and the faid Richard and Joan with all their progeny, and the faid Robert and Adam with all their progeny, and one bovate of land with the appurtenances which Gilbert, the chaplain, held of me in the fame vill, which is called Wetelay, to have and to hold in perpetual alms, free and quiet from all fervice to me and to my heirs belonging, fave foreign fervice, as far as pertains to one carucate of land, nine carucates of which make one knight's fee. And I and my heirs will warrant all the aforefaid land with the appurtenances to the aforefaid Abbot and Monks of Roche for ever againft all men. Thefe being witneffes : Dom. Henry, parfon of Rothell ; Hugh de Urnethorp, then Steward of Pontefract ; Robert de Stapleton, Henry Walent, Robert fon of Adam ;) Thomas de Littel, Alan, fon of Robert de Smeaton ; Robert, fon of Gilbert ; Simon, fon of * * * Alan, son of Alan." b 3!nn£cf)p. — Simon Fitz Simon, gave land in this place, which Pope Urban III. confirmed. a Particulars for Grants 6 Ed. VI- sect. 6. h Morehoufe's Hiftory of Kirkburton. n8 ROCHE ABBET. $tilnf)lir£t .— In 1385, the Abbot and Convent of Roche granted in fee to John Montforth, of Kilnhurft, one meffuage, four acres of meadow and fix acres of land in the town and territory of Kilnhurft, four acres of which lie near the wood of Rawmarfh, on the eaft fide, ftretching north and fouth ; one acre abutting on Walkerfall, and one acre abutting on the town of Kilnhurft, all which they had of the gift of Roger de Kilnhurft : and that * * * which extends itfelf to the north field of his toft aforefaid. Also one half acre of mea- dow which they had of the gift of Thomas de Kilnhurft, referving therefrom thirteen millings and four pence rent, and a double payment from every tenant at his firft entry, which if not paid within forty days, mould give the Abbot the right to re-enter and feize upon the tenements again. The earlieft common fealofthe Abbey is appended to the deed from which the above information is obtained. See plate x., fig. 3. The profits of this place together with thofe of Ickles and Hooton-Roberts, were at the diflblution £1 ys. 8d. fiibetoru — No remains of " the Chapel of the Holy Trinity of Kyveton," mentioned in the following charter, are now to be found. 3£opaI Charter. " The King, to all to whom, &c, greeting. Know that, inas- much as Lord Edward, lately King of England, our grandfather, by his letters patent granted and gave licenfe for himfelf and his heirs to John de Kyveton, parfon of the Church of Radeclyf-on-Trent, to give and affign one meffuage, thirty-fix acres of land, three acres of meadow, and twenty-four fhillings worth of rent, with the appurtenances in Blithe and Torworth, to the Abbot and Convent of Roche, to have and to hold to them and their fucceffors for find- ing a certain fecular chaplain to celebrate divine offices for the foul of the faid John and the fouls of his father, mother, and his ances- tors and all the faithful departed, in the Chapel of the Holy Trinity of Kyveton every day, and alfo the fame our grandfather granted and gave licenfe for himfelf and his heirs to the aforefaid Abbot and Convent to give and grant to the aforefaid John for the tenements aforefaid a certain corrody, to be received from the faid Abbey to him and his heirs for the fuftenance of the faid chaplain and his fucceffors for ever, and to the faid John having received the faid corrody and being feized thereof, to give and affign the faid corrody to the faid chaplain to have for himfelf and his fucceffors who were to celebrate in the faid chapel as aforefaid for their fuftenance for <$• ■ THE POSSESSIONS. 119 ever, as in the letters patent of our grandfather aforefaid, thereupon made more fully is contained ; and the aforefaid John did afterwards alfo give and affign, according to the force and effect of the licenfe of the King aforefaid, as we have learnt, to the aforefaid Abbot and Convent and their fucceffors, the faid meffuage, land, meadow, and rent, with the appurtenances, and to the aforefaid chaplain and his fucceffors the corrody which he obtained by the gift and grant of the aforefaid Abbot and Convent and their fucceffors. We now, at the requeft both of our beloved in Chrifl the prefent Abbot and Convent of Roche, who hold the meffuage, land, meadow, and rent aforefaid, and of the prefent chaplain of the chapel aforefaid, who receives the faid corrody from the Abbey aforefaid, and for two marks which the faid Abbot and Convent have paid to us, have granted and given licenfe for us and our heirs, as far as in us lies, to the faid Abbot and Convent to give and affign the meffuage, land, meadow, and rent aforefaid with the appurtenances to the faid prefent chap- lain, to have and to hold for himfelf and his fucceffors in exchange for the corrody aforefaid being given, affigned, furrendered, and releafed for ever to the faid Abbot and Convent and their fucceffors by the faid chaplain, and to the fame chaplain both to receive the faid meffuages, land, meadow, and rent with the appurtenances to hold to himself and his fucceffors for ever from the faid Abbot and Convent, and to give, affign, furrender, and releafe the faid corrody to the faid Abbot and Convent and their fucceffors in exchange afore- faid for ever ; by the tenour of thefe prefents we have in like manner given fpecial licenfe, the ftatute paffed about not putting lands and tenements into mortmain notwithstanding, willing that neither the faid Abbot and Convent or their fucceffors, nor the faid chaplain or his fucceffors, by reafon of the ftatute aforefaid, therein be hindered or in any way aggrieved by us or our heirs or fervants, fave how- ever the fervices due and accuftomed from the faid meffuage, land, meadow, and rent. Witness, the King, at Weftminfter, July 8th, 1 40 1." Hamfccote Grange* — This place is fituated in the parifh of Stainton. Its original name was Lambcroft, as it is fo written in the Confirmation of Pope Urban III. in 1 186, from which document we alfo learn that it was given the monks by Richard de Bulli and Hugh de Drigwrt. In 1563 " Lamcottes," which had formerly been in the tenure of Robert and Agnes Hewet, was let by indenture under the common feal of the late monaflery of Roche to John Wilkynfon, •$• * i2o ROCHE ABBET. at 60s. per annum at the terms of St. Martin in the Winter and Pentecoft equally. It was at this time granted by the crown to Charles Jackfon." 3taugf)ton. — Nicholas, the Clerk of this place, gave a toft lying on the fouth fide of St. John's Church, with fix acres of land, now called Throapham, and which the monks held at the dhTolution. In the time of Abbot Ofmund, Cardinal Stephen gave the monks the prebend of Laughton. From the " Hundred Rolls" we learn that the Abbot of Roche held thirty bovates of land in the barony of Laughton in 1 276. In 1558 the porTeffions in this place, lately belonging to the monastery of Roche, were on the 20th of October rated to Thomas Stephenfon. Hincolm — In 1 275 the Abbot of Roche held a manfion in this city, which was then valued at 1 os. per annum. At the dhTolution its annual value was only 4^. SLiniltttft. — King Henry II. gave one hundred acres in Lindrick near the abbey, now called King's Wood. Many have thought from the name Lindrick that this property muft have been in Nottinghammire, but erroneoufly, for Lindrick, near Tickhill, and Lindrick Common, Lindrick Dale, and Lindrick Brook, near South Anfton, are all in Yorkshire. Alice, Countefs of Eu, confirmed to the monks the wood of Lindrick in \2i(). h At the dissolution the annual falls of wood and underwood were valued communibus annis at 40^. Hotocr^ali. — Reginald Gurvy quitclaimed to the monks the mill in this place. About the middle of the thirteenth century the monks of Roche gave what they had here, at Wadworth and at Alverley, to Robert de Ripariis, in exchange for his lands at Slade Hooton, two pieces of meadow in Walkeringham, and £100 in money. Slttmljp. — The monks had land, &c, in this place, which they demifed to Richard Burton, Efq., and Catherine his wife, on the 20th of October, 20 Henry VI. (1441.) !3t9aftfip. — Befides what Richard de Bufli (one of the founders) gave, c Alan, the parfon of Maltby, gave his right of common in two a Particulars for grants. b See page 17. c See page 4. ,$. .#. •$•" THE POSSESSIONS. 121 acres of land lying in Summer-road, in this territory. The ruins of the Abbey ftand upon the fouthern border of this parim. (See Roche.J S^arr. — Jordan, fon of Philip de Marr, gave all his wood in this place with four tofts, two oxgangs of land and the fourth part of an oxgang in this town and fields. By a charter dated at Woodhall, on the vigil of St. Nicholas, 1253, Thomas Fitz William confirmed to the monks all lands in Marr, of his fee, which they had of the gift of Jordan, fon of Philip de Marr, and his anceftors. John, fon of Jordan de Marr, gave to the monks of Roche nine acres of land here with their capital mefiuage in the town, and homage and fervice of free men, rendering ten millings annually and fcutage. This was alfo confirmed by Thomas Fitz William in a charter dated at Sprotborough, Nonas Martii, 1260. Richard, fon of Hugh de Langethwaite, gave an annuity of fix millings out of a toft, and twelve acres of land in this place. In " Kirbys Inquejl" the Abbot of Roche is faid to have held eleven bovates of the fee of Thomas Fitz William, who held the CaftleofTickhill. The porTeflions at Marr and Bilham were valued at the difiblu- tion at £$ iSs. 6d. Marr Grange was granted in 1544 to John Bere. a^itWcbring. — Eugenia, relict of Gilbert de Micklebring, with the confent of Peter de Rhodes, his lord, gave four acres in this place. St^Mtfc 25rctton. — In 1285 the Abbot and Convent of Roche fold their claim to the manor and advowfon of the Church of Monk Bretton to the Prior and Convent of this place for 2oj-. fterling. &£onpa£t). — John, fon of Matthew de Efton, for the fupport of a light at the high altar, gave the multure 8 of twelve oxgangs of land in Monyafh, Derbyfhire, the tenants of which were to grind at the mills of the Monk's Grange, at Oneam, paying the twentieth bowl. St^orlcp. — This place is fituated near Greafborough. William Bacon with his corpfe gave nine acres of land here. The Prior of Noftel held four bovates of land in Morley. * The toll or fee which a miller takes for grinding corn. 4$? — -<$• 16 •#• ' *$• 122 ROCHE ABBEY. Cfjattet of Wfm OMtet + " Know, &c, that we, Walter Abbot and the Convent of Roche, have granted and by our present charter have confirmed to Lord Thomas de Bellew and his heirs or affigns all the fervice which Robert Barker, of Swinton, and his heirs have been accus- tomed to do for us for the land of Morley, with all things that can accrue to us from the faid land for ever, at an annual rent therefrom to us and our fucceffors of fixteen pence at Pentecoft, and to the House of St. Ofwald in our name eight pence at the feaft of St. Martin in the Winter for the faid land of Morley. And we and our fucceffors will warrant to the faid Thomas and his heirs or affigns all the aforefaid fervice with all its appurtenances, fo long as our donors (hall have warranted it to us. Witnefs, the Lords Ralph de Horbiry, Ralph de Normanville, John de Staynton, knights ; Ralph Haket, Robert Brinton, Roger de Bergh, James de Lyvet, Richard his brother, Raynder de Swinton, William de Roche, William de Swinton." l^eiBfjaH* — On November 28th, 1552, the farm of one clofe lying in Newhall, containing fix acres of paflure, in the occupation of Joane Coufen, widow, by indenture, as it is faid, for a term of years, yielding therefrom at the feafts of Pentecoft and St. Martin in the Winter equally per annum 1 y. 4^., and lately in the pofTes- fion of the monafteries of Roche, was granted for divers confidera- tions to the Right Honourable Lord Clinton, High Admiral of England." J^etolanD,— This bill made the 20th of September in the 37th year of Henry VIII. witnerTeth that we John Bellewe, Esq., and John Bloxolme, gent., have paid to Sir John Williams, knight, treafurer of the Augmentation of the Revenues of the King's Crown, the fum of * * * due to the King for the gift, grant, and clear purchafe of " one manlion or tenemente in the parifhe of St. Stephen in Newland, late parcell of Roche, togither with all and fingular the woodes and underwode growinge in and upon the premifes." b |£etO£omc. — -Robert de Scalcebi, Adam de Newmarch, and Roger de Marr gave the monks the grange at this place. The two firft of thefe were witnefTes to the Foundation Charter of the Abbey. I^Ottingljattl. — Philip de Oldcotes gave the monks a toft in this town and the fervice of another toft. " Particulars for Grants. Sect. 8. b Monafticon Ang. Appendix, p. 1643. 4 _ _____ 4. ♦$• .$. THE POSSESSIONS. 123 <01bcotc£. — This place is fituated in Nottinghamfhire, about two miles from the Abbey. The monks had property here in the time of King Richard I. <01tca£ij. — (Derbyfliire.) — The grange at this place was given to the monks soon after the foundation of the Abbey by William Avenal, Lord of Haddon. Richard de Vernun, with the confent of Avice, his wife, and of William his fon and heir, confirmed all the land and pafture of his fee in this place, which William Avenal gave ; and William BafTett, grandfon of William Avenal, confirmed the fame. Richard, fon of William de Verum, confirmed the above, and alfo what the monks had in Sterndale, with the minerals, they paying to him and his heirs i|/, per annum, at his manor of Haddon. He alfo confirmed the tenement here which William Avenal gave. Pope Urban III. alfo confirmed what the monks held here. William, Earl of Ferrars, with the confent of Agnes his wife, before 1229 confirmed to the monks that way for their fheep and cattle going from their grange here, over the moor of Hartington and Heathcote, which William his father had granted to them, with fome meadow ; they paying to him one mark per annum. We learn from the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, about 1291, that the poffeffions of the monks here, confirming of four bovates of land, a mill, mines, &c, were valued at £8 8s. Sd. per annum. We learn from the following document that at the time of the diffolution this grange was let to Thomas Sheldon. " In the 32nd year of the reign of the moft excellent Prince Henry VIII. the farm of the grange of Oneafh, parcel of the poffemons of the late monaftery of Roche, freely refigned, with all lands, meadows, feedings, pastures, moors, &c, from old time belonging, is thus demifed to Edw. Berefford, of the County of Derby, gent., by indenture under the common feal of the late monaftery at 1 1 3^. \d. per annum, to be paid at the terms of St. Martin and Pentecoft equally, viz., for the farm of the faid grange £4. 6s. Sd., and for tithes thereto belonging 26s. Sd., befides 6/. paid to the cathedral church of Lichfield for an ancient penfion for tithes of all kind of the faid grange ; alfo 30.r. paid to the manor of Haddon always at the feafh of St. Martin in the Winter yearly, until it mall be adjudged by law that half the fum ought to fuffice ; alfo 1 3J. \d. for having common of pafture in the moor of Middleton. And that the faid farmer at the end of the term aforefaid or when- •$• fy -•$» 124 ROCHE ABBEY. ever he fhall quit it mail leave four fextaries and twenty-four quarters of good and well cleaned oats behind him for the ufe of the aforefaid lord the King and his fucceffors. Now on the fame terms in the tenure of Thomas Sheldon." o#* " Know, prefent and future, that it is thus agreed between Richard Abbot of Roche and the monks of the fame place, on the one part ; and Robert de Ripers on the other ; viz., that the afore- faid Richard the Abbot and the monks, for themfelves and for their fucceffors, have given, conceded, and by this prefent charter con- firmed to the aforefaid Robert de Ripers, for his homage and fervice, and for the exchange of his land of Slade Hooton, in addition to fix marks of yearly rent, and for the exchange of two pieces of meadow in Walkeringham which the fame Robert held, and for £100 fterling which he gave to the fame with his own proper hands, their lands and meadows which they had in Wadworth and Alverley, and in Loverfal, with the wood which they had in Wadworth, with the farm of the fame wood and the mill, their mill, with the fite and pools and waters, and with all kinds of fuits everywhere pertain- ing to the aforefaid mill within the aforefaid vills and without, to be held and had by the fame Robert and his heir and afligns and their heirs for ever, viz., in homages, in fervices of free men, in villanages with the villains and their fuits and chattels, in wards, in relieves and efcheats freely, peacefully, and hereditarily with all commons, liberties, eafements, advantages, and with all other things and with all other pertenances to the aforefaid lands, meadows, mills, pools, and waters, and wood and wood farm everywhere pertaining within the faid vills and without, without any hindrance. Saving, never- thelefs, to the faid Abbot and Monks and their fuccenors their land * -____ THE POSSESSIONS. H3 in Wellingley, with its pertenances. But the aforefaid Robert and his heirs or affigns, or their heirs, render the aforefaid Richard and the monks and their fucceffors only 27 pence per annum, to wit, 12 pence at the feaft of St. Martin in the Winter, and 15 pence at Whitfuntide, for all fervices, exactions, and demands which refpect or can relpect the faid Abbot Richard and Monks and their fuccef- fors. There mail be done, neverthelefs/ by the aforefaid Abbot Richard and the Monks and their fucceffors foreign fervices which pertain to the aforefaid tenements. But the aforefaid Richard and Monks, &c, mall not make or erect, nor by means of any of them caufe to be made or erected, nor fhall allow Peter de Wadworth nor his heir nor affigns, nor their heirs nor any of theirs, to make or erect any mill, to wit, neither water-mill nor wind-mill in the territory of Wadworth to the hurt or detriment or grievance of the aforefaid Robert or his heirs or his affigns, or their heirs. But the faid Peter de Wadworth and his heirs fhall have free mulcture of the whole of their malt and corn of their own proper homeftead in the aforefaid mills for ever without let from any one, as is contained in the charter which the aforefaid Richard and the monks have of the aforefaid Peter. And the aforefaid Richard Abbot and his Monks, &c, all the aforefaid lands and mills, and pools and waters, and rites of the mills, and the wood and the wood farm, and the meadows, with all things and fuits, eafements, and with all perte- nances to them everywhere pertaining, as was aforefaid againft all people for the aforefaid fervice will warrant, acquit, and defend for ever. Now, for this donation, conceffion, confirmation, and exchange, the aforefaid Robert has given to the aforefaid Richard Abbot and Monks, &c, all his land which he had in Slade Hooton, with the villains and their goods and chattels and villanages and fervices of free men, with all pertenances as is aforefaid, without any reftraint, and his meadow which he had in Walkeringham, and £100 flerling by rendering for the land of Slade Hooton to the lords of Tickhill 6d. per annum at Eafter, and to Arnold Biffet and his heirs the fervices which pertain to the aforefaid land, as is contained in the charter which the aforefaid Robert had of the aforefaid Arnold, and which the fame Robert freed to the aforefaid Abbot and Monks for the warrants and fecurity of their agreement, and by rendering Adam, fon of William de Walkeringham, for the aforefaid meadow id. per annum at the feaft of St. Mary Magdalen, for all fervices. And that all the things which are contained in this writing may remain ratified, firm, and flable, as well the faid Richard Abbot and Monks as the aforefaid Robert, the prefent writing made after the manner -•$• -*$• i 4 4 ROCHE ABBEY. of a deed have with the impreffion of their feals corroborated. Witneffes : Simon de Heden, Robert de Wlrington, Richard le Blund of Blythe, Robert de Mifterton, Hugh de Moles, Henry de Darley, Richard de Louweder, Herbert de Wlrington, Gerard de Hedon, JefFery de Turmifton, Nicholas, fon of JefFery de Erdefale, Thomas de Wlrington, and others." The date of this charter is between 1238 and 1254. Among the "Particulars for Grants"* we find the following: — County of York. " The manor of Hutton Slade, with Carre, Hutton Leveyt, and Hutton Robert, in the fayd Countye, parcell of the poffefiyons of the late mon. of Roche, in the fame countye." " There be growing about the fcytuations of xn tenements and cotages there and in the hedges inclofing the landes perteyning to the fame lxxx okes and afhes of lx and lxxx yeres growth, whereof lxv refervyd for tymber to repayre the fayd tenements and cotages and one corn myln there, and for flakes for hedgeboote to repayre and maynteyne the fayd hedges and fences. And xx refydue valuyd at iiij d - the tree, which is in the nolle vi s viu d - Ex r - per me David Clayton." Jbmeatott* — From Dr. Burton we learn that Simon, fon of Algar de Smeaton, with his corpfe gave half an oxgang of land here. This property, together with what the monks had in Scawfby, Campfal, and Afkern, was valued in 1535 at iij". $d. per annum. a<aitf}* — Edmund de Lacy, conftable of Chefter, granted and confirmed to the monks all that they held in his focage of Snaith, in the year of Grace 1158. (See Tickhill.J ^tailtfotiJ. — The monks had property here in 1 2 3 1 . Mr. Hunter gives the following account of the foundation of a chapel at this place: — " On the day of Pentecoft, 1355, an indenture was made between the Abbot and Convent of Roche on the one part, and Thomas de Rillington and fix others, parifhioners of the Church of Hatfield, on the other part, that the faid Abbot of Roche having the Church of Hatfield appropriated, granted and permitted that the faid parifhioners and other the inhabitants of the town of Stainford might, by the Archbifhop's licenfe, maintain at their own cofl a chaplain to celebrate divine fervice in the Chapel of Stainford, newly builded, for the fpace of three years daily, excepting on Sundays and other great feflivals, whereon they were to repair to a Mifcellaneous, No. 58. - * •$*" THE POSSESSIONS. H5 ■*$• the Parifh Church of Hatfield. This agreement was confirmed by the Archbifhop's vicar-general on November 17th, 1355." The tithes which the Abbot of Roche derived from Stainford were valued at £5 per annum, out of which he had to pay 4s. i\d. to the Provoft of Stainford. The monks held their property here till the diifolution. ^tatitrcUaie see <&wa$% Stainton. — In 1202 Hugh de Stainton granted 30 acres of land, reckoned by the perch of i$l feet, in the fields of Stainton, at Rokkehill, to the Abbot of Roche and his fucceffors for a pure and perpetual alms. In fuch fort that the faid Abbot or his fuccerTors make no building on the aforefaid 30 acres of land without the confent and will of the aforefaid Hugh or his heirs. And if the fame Abbot or his fucceffors lofe anything of the fame 30 acres of land by default of warranty of the aforefaid Hugh or his heirs, the faid Hugh or his heirs fhall make exchange of their land which lies on the fide next the faid 30 acres of land on the eaft to the extent that they have lofV The Abbot of Roche bought land in Stainton of Richard Baret, which was confirmed by John, fon of Hugh de Stainton. William Wafteneys, of Stainton, gave the monks half an oxgang of land here. The property of the Abbot of Roche in this place is fuppofed to have exceeded 370 acres of wood and pafture. This calculation of courfe includes what he had at Lambcote Grange. Jbtairfjege see <£fjat£toortfj. <£>tan£aL — Among the evidences of Godfrey Higgins, Efq., of Skellow Grange, Mr. Hunter found a charter dated 1236, by which William Chaworth and William, the fon of Eudo, chief lords of Wadworth, declare that they releafe all claims in lands of Sir Jordan Fitz-Payne, lord of Stanfal, Wellingley, and Willfic, which the faid Jordan has given to the monks of Roche in pure and perpetual alms, to wit, from that ditch which lies between Magilldhylls acrofs as far as the bounds of Wadworth, and the fee of Wellingley and Stanfal, and fo runs from the arable land of Wadworth on the weft until it comes oppofite the town of Stanfal on the eaft, lengthwife, and from the faid ditch to another ditch which has been made in Littlemorye, from the fouth through the whole of that land which is in the weftern diftricl: as far as the arable land of Stanfal and the bounds of Wadworth. Fines, Ebor. 4 John. l 9 ""$• 146 ROCHE ABBEY. Jordan Fitz-Payne muft have made this grant before 1 231, as it appears among the names of places confirmed to the monks in that year by Hen. III. JrtitrttJJ, — Gerard de Stirrup gave turbary here before the year 1 1 86. Stirrup is in Nottinghamfhire, and is not identical with Triflrop, as Dr. Burton has it in his " Monajlicon Eboracense." The latter place is now called Streetthorpe, and lies near Doncafter. In 1276 the Abbot of Roche held twenty acres of meadow and a toft and croft in Stirrup of the fee of Tickhill, the former being the gift of Hamel de Bugthorpe, in the time of Henry III." Robert Burton was bailiff of Stirrup at the diffolution, and received from the Abbot 10s. per annum. In 1563 Robert de Hitchcock obtained pofTeffion of that meffuage in Stirrup in the occupation of Richard More, late belonging to the Monaftery of Roche. Jjtrccttfyotpe* — At this place, which was formerly called Stire- ftorp, Triflrop, and Strifterop, the monks had property of which we learn the following from the " Particulars for Grants" : — County of York. Grantee, Richard Stapleton. 6 Edw. VI. All the rents and profits in Streetthorpe, in the County afore/aid, are worth in : — The rent of one tenement, with all lands, meadows, paflures, and commons to the fame belonging, thus demifed to Brian HafHngs, of Fenwek, by Indenture under the common feal of the late Monas- tery of Roche, freely refigned, dated 24 Jan., in the 24th year of the reign of King Henry VIIL, to have to the faid Brian Haflings, Elizabeth his wife, and Franc his fon, from the date of the prefents to the end and term of their lives, paying thence at the terms of St. Martin and Pentecofl equally £2. 6s. Sd. per annum. Memorandum. That this particler was delyvered to Sir Brian Haftings, knight, the 12th daye of Decembr, 6 Edw. VI., for a purchace. Ex r - per Willm. Notte, Audit. d&trafforti, — The monks paid to the bailiff of the King of the wapentake of Strafford 6s. 8d. per annum. " Know all, &c, that I Hugh, fon of Hugh Lafcy, of Thurnfcoe, have granted and by this my prefent charter confirmed to God, St. Mary, and the Monks of Roche all the land which my father granted to the fame in exchange for ever at Hoxebrigge, and all the meadow which they hold of the gift of my father, as his charter terrified. Moreover, I have remifed and quitclaimed to the faid monks from me and my heirs and affigns for ever all right and claim which I had or might have had in the meadow of the afore- faid monks, as it is bounded by the ditch before the gate of the grange of Thurnfcoe after the manner of a farm or common herbage-ground. In fuch fort, however, that if any cattle of thofe of my heirs by reafon of a defect in the ditch fhall enter the faid meadow we fhall not quarrel about it, and for making greater fecurity to the faid monks in all the aforefaid, I have corroborated the prefent page by placing my feal. WitnefTes : Jordan, fon of Jordan de l'lfle, Jordan de Mar, Adam Paynel, Robert Lafcy, Adam de Thurnfcoe, Payn de Mar, Richard de St. Paul, John Grimbald." b Hugh, fon of Reiner de Darfield, gave the monks an oxgang of land here. Richard de Thurnfcoe alfo gave another oxgang of land in this place. ■ Dodfworth's MSS., vol. VIII. fol. 31 b. b Dodfworth's MSS., vol. VIII. fol. 34 a. 4. — # ^ __ fa THE POSSESSIONS. 149 In 1 3 16 the Abbot of Roche was certified purfuant to writ tefted at Clipftone 5th March, as lord of the townfhips of Arm- thorpe and Thurnfcoe, and joint lord of Todwick. The Abbot had a charter of free warren here from Richard II. The property which the monks had at Thurnfcoe at the diffolution was valued, together with $d. perquifites of courts, at £12 10s. Sd. per annum. From the following " Particulars for Grants" we learn the destination of the monk's property here at the diffolution : — County of York. Grantees, Doddington and Jack/on. Thurnfcoe, Blithefhaw manor, worth in the rent of one parcel of land, demifed to John Anne, Efq., by Indenture under the common feal of the late Monastery of Roche, as it is faid, to pay at the term of St. Martin only $s. Memorandum. The premifs are no parcell of the aunchient inheritaunce of the crowne, nor of the duchies of Lancaster or Cornwall, but came to the Kinge's Majeftie's handes by furrender of the faid monaftery. 23rd Dec, 1559. Jno. GifFord. Per me, Antho. Rous. At 28 yeres purchas. County of York. Grantees, Jno. Wright and Thos. Holmes. 7 Edw. VI The Manor of Thurnfcoe is worth in : — £ S. D. The rent of a grange there, called Thurnfcoe Grange, with the appurtenances, thus demifed to Triftram Fern, by Indenture under the common feal of the late Monaftery of Roche, dated 4 Nov., in the year of the reign of the late King Henry VIII., for the term of 21 years then next following, paying thence at the terms of St. Martin and Pentecofl equally 2 o o The rent of a meffuage and bovate of land, with the appurtenances there, in the tenure of Wm. Ellys, paying at the terms aforefaid o 1 3 4 The rent of a cottage and two acres of land, with the appurtenances there, in the tenure of Hugh Ellys, paying o 6 o Carried over £219 4 — * * * 150 ROCHE ABBET. £ s. D. Brought forward .... 219 4 The rent of one meffuage and one bovate of land, with the appurtenances there, in the tenure of James Ellys, paying 1 6 8 The rent of one meffuage and one bovate of land, with the appurtenances there, in the tenure of the faid Hugh Ellys, paying 013 4 The rent of certain lands there, in the tenure of the heirs of — Meres, paying 012 o The rent of one cottage, with certain lands belonging to the fame, in the tenure of the heirs of Wm. Ellys, paying o 7 o The woods not valued. Total. . . . £5 18 4 CfnitstaniantL — Mr. Morehoufe thinks the manor of Thurfton- land was given to the monks at the fame time as the advowfon of Hatfield by Earl Warren. At the diffolution the annual rents amounted to £8 19s. y\d.; Thomas Green being fteward, and Henry Gillott, bailiff here, and each receiving 2oj-. per annum. The grange of the monks poffeffed a right of ftray and pafturage for twenty fheep upon the commons and wafte lands in the lord- fhip of Shelley, a privilege which no doubt had been granted by one of the early lords of Shelley. 11 In 1532 John Walker, of Thurftonland, clothier, obtained a leafe from the Abbot and Convent of Roche, of lands in Thurfton- land, given under the feal of the monaftery. b In 1540 the King granted " to John Storthes, of Shyttylyngton, gentleman, all his manor of Thurftonland with all his rights, mem- bres, and appurtenances, &c, late to the Monaftrye of Roche, and now dyffolved, belonging, &c, 'and all other meffuages, houfes, byldyngs, mylnes, granges, londs, tenements, meadows, paftures, comons, waters, fyffhyngs, lyng, and heth, &c, to hold of the faid fovereign lord the King, his heirs and fucceffors in cheff, by the fuyt of the xx part of a knight's fee, and yelding, therefore, yerely 2oj-. to the King's Cort of Augmentacon of the Revenues of his Crowne." THE POSSESSIONS. 155 The clere yerelie value of the premifes above rememberyd is xvn s - ni d - ob. Which rated at xxv yeres purchafe amoun- teth to -. xxi 11 - xii s - iii d - ob. To be paid within xx dayes nexte. The Kyng to difchardge the purchafer of all encumbrances except leafes and covenants of the fame. The tenure in focage laft part. The ifTues from the feaft of St. Michel the Arch. The purchafer to be bounde for the valewe of the woodes. Thorns. Norwicen. At the difiblution the Abbot paid the Prior of Blyth one milling per annum for land in Torworth. 3Bai5ft)ort|). — Reginald Gurvy de Tickhill quitclaimed all his right in the mill at Wadworth. Maud, relict of Matthew de Tickhill, gave two acres of land here. Eudo, fon of Godfrey de Wadworth, gave lands to the monks in Wadworth, and confirmed what Maud, relicT: of Matthew de Tick- hill, had given them. Peter de Wadworth gave the monks forty-fix acres of his wood- land lying on the weft fide of the wood extending from the weft field of Wadworth to the north. He alfo gave three oxgangs of land on the north fide of the north field ; thirty-five acres and one rood in the weft field ; and thirty-nine and a half acres and half a rood in the eaft field, in confideration of eighteen marks lent to him by the Abbot of Roche in his great neceflity, and alfo of fifty marks which he owed, and which the faid Abbot paid to Aaron the Jew, at York, and his brother. The witnefies to this deed were Ralph de Normanville, knight ; Reginald de Kettleburgh, John de Arm- thorpe, H. de Bilham, Alexander de Stubbs, Peter de Rofiington, Peter de Letwell, Ingeram de Stirap, Otho, fon of Mo. de Wilghefich (Wilfick), Adam Leming, and others. Stillingflete 's " Abftracl of the Acquittance of the 'Jews'' is as follows : — " The charter of Aaron, fon of Jofey, and of Leo, bifhop, and of Samuel, his fon, Jews of York. Be it known to all the faithful of Chrift, &c, that Peter de Wadworth and his heirs are acquit, &c. Moreover, be it known that we have quitclaimed to the Abbot and Convent of Roche three oxgangs of land and forty- fix acres which they have of the gift of the faid Peter, &c. In witnefs whereof we have put hereto our Hebrew letter and our feals." •#• — & 156 ROCHE ABBEY. The monks did this good act to their old benefactors, the Wadworth family, in the time of Henry III., during whofe reign Peter de Wadworth lived. William, fon of John de Vavafour, quitclaimed in 1277 all his right in wards, efcheats, &c, in Wadworth. The monks held what they pofTefTed in this place up to the time of the difTolution. UBalKCringfjam. — The monks had considerable property in Walkeringham, Lincolnfhire, particulars concerning which may be feen in the following : — ■ Confirmation of &ing <£btoarti !!♦ of Iano£ in fMncringljam.' " The King to all to whom, &c, greeting. " The grant, gift, and confirmation which Henry, fon of Richard de Walkeringham, by his charter made to the monks of Roche of two tofts, S5I acres of land, and n^ acres of meadow, with the appurtenances in Walkeringham, and of a certain plat of land with the Walcre, and of all the pafture which belongs to that bovate of land of the faid Henry, which is called Wlger-oxgang, everywhere in the whole common pertaining to the vill of Walkeringham ; " The grant, alfo, and gift, and confirmation which the faid Henry by another charter which he made to the faid monks of one plat of land, with the appurtenances, in the aforefaid vill of Walcre, and two bovates and feven acres of land and meadow, with the appurtenances in the aforefaid vill of Walkeringham ; "The gift, grant, and confirmation which Richard, fon of Henry, fon of Richard de Walkeringham, by his charter made to the faid monks of all that plat of land, with the appurtenances, in the faid vill of Walkeringham, and with all things contained within the faid plat, which he recovered from the faid monks before the juflices fitting at Nottingham ; " The grant, alfo, confirmation, and quitclaim which the faid Richard by the fame charter made to the faid monks of all rents, lands, poffeflions, meadows, paftures, tenements, homages, fervices, wards, reliefs, and efcheats, with all liberties and eafements which they had by the gift and fale of the faid Henry his father; " The grant, moreover, gift, and confirmation which Adam, fon of William de Walkeringham, by his charter made with the afore- faid monks of one toft with the appurtenances, in the faid vill of Walcre, and with the paffage to the faid toft pertaining, and of 38 a Pat. 6 Edw. II. pars. 2. M. 7. # * •$•- THE POSSESSIONS. *57 acres and one rood of land and meadow with the appurtenances in the aforefaid vill of Walkeringham ; " The grant, alfo, gift, and confirmation which Henry, fon of Robert Arnewy of Walkeringham, by his charter made to the faid monks of 5 roods and one felion a of land, and of all the land which the faid Henry had at Frithefend, and of all the paflure which belongs to a half bovate of land, with the appurtenances in the whole common of Walkeringham ; " The grant, gift, and confirmation which Henry, fon of Robert, fon of Arnewy of Walkeringham, by his charter made to the afore- faid monks of all his land in Upper Walton, and of three felions and two acres of land, with the appurtenances, in the aforefaid vill of Walkeringham, and of all the meadow which the faid Henry had in Monkeboye ; "The grant, alfo, gift, and confirmation which Henry, fon of Robert Maumirr of Walkeringham, by his charter made to the aforefaid monks of three acres and a half of meadow and the mediety of one rood of meadow with the appurtenances in the faid vill of Walkeringham, and of all the paflure which pertains to the mediety of one bovate of land everywhere in the whole common of the faid vill of Walkeringham ; " The grant, moreover, and confirmation which the faid Henry by the fame his charter made to the aforefaid monks of all that culture in the field of Walkeringham, with all its appurtenances, which the faid monks have of the gift of Roger, the chaplain. " The remiffion, alfo, and quitclaim which the faid Henry by the fame charter made to the faid monks of a certain yearly rent of \d. y which the faid monks ufed to pay the faid Henry for the culture aforefaid ; "The grant, moreover, gift, and confirmation which the faid Henry by the fame charter made to the aforefaid monks of the homage and whole fervice of Henry, fon of Ifabella, and his heirs, which the faid Henry, fon of Ifabella, was wont to render to the aforefaid Henry, fon of Robert, for the whole tenement which he held from the fame in Walkeringham, and alfo of 1 z\ acres of land and feven roods of meadow, with the appurtenances in Walkering- ham ; " The grant, moreover, and confirmation which Adam, fon of William de Walkeringham, by his charter made to the aforefaid monks of 4 acres of meadow at Drengefflete, which they had of the gift of Roger de Ofberton, of the fee of the faid Adam ; * A ridge of land lying between two furrows, uncertain in quantity. «$• ' — — — __^j, •$• •$• 158 ROCHE ABBET. " The grant, alfo, gift, and confirmation which the faid Adam by the faid charter made to the faid monks of the whole fervice of Geoffery de Fulham and his heirs, which the faid Geoffery ufed to do to him for a certain particle of land in a place which is called Morfurlung, and alfo of one toft, with the appurtenances, in Schepewykes, and of three acres and a half of land and meadow, with the appurtenances in Walkeringham ; " The grant, gift, and confirmation which Geoffery, fon of Alan de Trent, by his charter made to the aforefaid monks of thirty acres and a half of land and meadow, with the appurtenances, in Walker- ingham, with the homage of Walter de Mifterton and his heirs, and all the fervice which he owed to him for two acres of land in Colmanhaghe, and alfo of the whole paflure which belongs to the mediety of one bovate of land everywhere in the whole common of Walkeringham, and all the fervice of Geoffery Fulholm and John, fon of Roger, and their heirs ; "The grant, moreover, gift, and confirmation which the faid Geoffery by another charter made to the aforefaid monks of four acres and one felion of land and three roods of meadow, with the appurtenances, in Walkeringham, and of all his meadow which he had at Helpol and Monkebothe and in the meadows of Walkering- ham; " We, holding thefe ratified and granted for us and our heirs, as much as in us lies, to our beloved in Chrift the Abbot and Convent of the place aforefaid and their fucceffors, grant and confirm as the aforefaid charters reafonably teftify. In witnefs, &c, witnefs the King at Canterbury, 20th day of May, by fine of ten marks." The monks had two pieces of meadow in Walkeringham from Robert de Ripers, for which they had to pay William de Walker- ingham 6d. per annum. King Henry VIII. by his letters patent, dated nth November, 1544, granted to Sir Richard Lee, knight, and his heirs, the grange and farm of Walkeringham, with all the lands, meadows, and paftures late belonging to the Monaftery of Roche. 3BaUiltgfcDdl£» — f Nottingham/hire. J — The monks had property here at the diffolution. At this place was a Houfe of Benedictine Nuns, founded about the fame time as Roche. Its inmates confifled at the diffolution of a Priorefs and eight profeffed. IBatdp. — The name of this place occurs in the " Confirmation of King Henry III." 1231, as one in which the Abbot of Roche had property. -* THE POSSESSIONS. 159 UMimglep. — Robert Fitz-Payne gave lands, and Jordan Fitz- Payne paftures, in this place. King Richard I. confirmed to the monks the grange of Wellingley, and from that time up to the dhTolution it feems to have continued in their poffeflion. Witkttglcp. — Richard Fitz-Turgis de Wickerfley, one of the founders of Roche Abbey, gave the monks fifty loads of wood out of his wood in Wickerfley." IBil^icft. — Jordan Fitz-Payne gave the monks land in this place. IBindcp. — In Stephens' continuation of the " Monaflicon Angli- canum" the following charter occurs : — Charter of Waittt %hbat ano tf)e Contoott of ftorfje. b " Know, prefent and future, that Walter Abbot and the Convent of Roche have granted and by the prefent charter confirmed to Robert, fon of Roger de Tinfley, for his homage and fervice two bovates of land, with the appurtenances, in the vill of Wineley, which he had of the gift of Walter his brother, to have and to hold to him and his heirs of the faid Abbot and Convent of Roche freely and quietly, paying thence per annum to the faid Abbot and Convent of Roche eight millings in the grange of Roche, to wit, four millings at Pentecoft and four {hillings at the feaft of St. Martin in the Winter, for all fervice fave foreign, as far as belongs to two bovates of land of the faid fee in the faid vill. With fuch underftanding, however, that the faid Abbot and Convent are not bound to make warranty of the feoffament of the faid land to the faid Robert or his heirs. In witnefs whereof the faid Abbot and Convent and the faid Robert to the parts of this charter have alternately fet their feals. WitnefTes : Johann de Stevinton (Swinton ?) * * * Robert Bruerton, Peter de Lettewell, Galfrid de Helgheby. 1260." (Much obliterated, and the Seals lo/l.J Owing to the obliterated condition of the original charter when this tranfeript was made, it is probable that the miftake of writing "Wineley" for "Tinfley" has occurred. This alfo is the opinion of learned topographer, Samuel Mitchell, Efq., of Sheffield. tBintettom — Winterton, in Lincolnfhire, is mentioned in the " Confirmation of King Henry III" as one of the places in which the monks had property. Whatever it confifted of it feems to have remained in their hands up to the time of the difiolution, when it was valued at £1 is. per annum. a See page 5. b Tranfeript in the pofleiTion of Sir W. Calverlay, Bt. *$•" ^.- _____ , .$. 1 60 ROCHE ABBET. 3Bhltcringf)attl. — Hamelin Bardolph and Katherine his wife, and Robert, fon of Eudo, gave the monks land in this place, which Hugh, fon of Ralph Bardolph, confirmed. Winteringham is fituated in Lincolnihire, about three miles north of Roxby Grange. At the diffolution what the monks had here in pafture was valued at 10s. per annum. iU^ptorigttlortfj. — This place is mentioned in the " Confirmation of King Henry III." as one of the places in which the monks had property. 3Bootil}Ott£e £$iIL — The Abbot of Roche received £1 qs. per annum rent from the mill called " Wodhoufemyll." ^f orft* — Agnes, the Priorefs of the Convent of St. Clement, at York, granted to the monks a certain piece of land leading from their orchard to the river Oufe, for which they paid £3 fterling. 4B>bIatiou£, 3tlm£, etc. The oblations amounted at the diffolution to £ 1 per annum. This fum was diflributed yearly at the Supper of the Lord. The fum of jT 1 gs. per annum was expended in burning wax daily before the altar of the foundation of Richard Furnival, and $s. was given yearly at the celebration of the obit for the foul of Thos. de Bella Aqua. mm W r ' «$■ — ■ — ■ i — •$• ■$* 0>{f ^pr|ifFrfnpf, d5onasfir ©uiftings, anb fljrip JRpmains. * _ $. 21 *- & i^^p^i :^5f^Si ^iMtw mm\ i HE architectural peculiarities and beauties of Roche Abbey have, until lately, been either mifreprefented or neglected altogether. Not long fince it was common for hiftorians to devote nearly their whole attention to the pofTeffions and genealogies of per- fons, and to content themfelves with defcribing any buildings they might meet with, as of the earlier or later Gothic periods. Thanks, however, to the publication of books of found information on the fubject, and to the eftabliuhment of Archsological and Architectural Societies, the public have become more converfant with Architecture, and the pleafures of this mag- nificent art are now widely enjoyed. In proof of the ignorance we have mentioned, let any one take up a book defcribing the ruins of Roche Abbey Church twenty years ago. He will, almoft certainly, find the two eaft walls of the tranfepts pointed out as the remains of the nave. But beiides being mifreprefented by the pen, the architecture of Roche has received even worfe treatment from the pencil. Draw- ings and engravings of the ruins may be met with, which can only be recognized by exerciling the moft vivid imagination and by refer- ring to the name infcribed below. Round arches are pointed, and pointed arches are rounded. Windows are turned into doors, and doors into windows. In fact every fort of liberty is taken, including the rounding of the fquare abacus. But the artift has had to move on, as well as the topographer. Photography has appeared, and put to fhame the clumfy daubs of former years. The difficulty of getting an exact reprefentation of a building no longer exifts. The moft delicate and minute work may now be copied with marvellous exactnefs and eafe. Photography gives us the form of arches, capitals, and mouldings ; the pofition of every ftone, beauty, flaw, crack, and ftain. •fr- H$. _ jfy. 164 ROCHE ABBEY. It is left only to the imagination to obtain any idea of what the general appearance of the Abbey muft have been, before it was "put to the fpoil." (See p. 91.) We have the evidence, however, of William, Earl of Warren, who in 1345 admiring the magnificence of the ftone work as well in the buildings of the faid Abbot and Con- vent, as in their Monaftery, made the monks a confiderable grant. We have alfo the evidence of Cuthbert Shirebrook, who fays that the Abbey at the time of its difTolution " was a very fair builded houfe, all of freeftone ; and every houfe vaulted with freeftone and covered with lead." And we have fufficient frill {landing to prove how extenfive and how beautiful the whole muft have been : at all events we have every reafon to be pleafed with what remains, when we remember, that the only fragment left of Newminfter Abbey, the Mother of Roche, is the north door. In 1776, Mr. Brown, the landfcape gardener, committed fuch havoc in the way of pulling down and covering up, that nothing lefs than an extenfive difinterment can enable us to difcover how much of the ruins of Roche remain underground. Mr. Gilpin gives us an account of thefe operations ; " thefe ruins " he fays, " and the fcenery around them were in the roughefr. flate, when Mr. Brown was employed to adorn them. He is now at work ; and has nearly half completed his intention. This is the firft fubjedt of the kind he has attempted. Many a modern place he has adorned and beautified : but a ruin presented a new idea ; which I doubt whether he has fufRciently confidered. He has finifhed one of the vallies which looks towards Laugh ton fpire: he has floated it with a lake, and formed it into a very beautiful fcene. But I fear it is too magnificent and too artificial an appendage, to be in unifon with the ruins of an Abbey. An Abbey, it is true, may fland by the fide of a lake ; and it is poffible, that this lake may, in fome future time, become its fituation; when the marks of the fpade and the pickaxe are removed — when its ofiers flourifh ; and its naked banks become fringed and covered with wood. In a word, when the lake itfelf is improved by time, it may fuit the ruin, which ftands upon its banks. At prefent the lake and ruin, are totally at variance. Mr. Brown is now at work in the centre part of the three vallies, near the ruin itfelf. He has already removed all the heaps of rubbifh, which lay around ; fome of which were very ornamental; and very ufeful alfo in uniting the two parts of the ruin. They give fomething too of more confequence to the whole, by difcovering the veftiges of what once exifted. Many of thefe scattered appendages alfo, through length of time, having been covered with earth, and adorned with ^ — — ^5, THE ARCHITECTURE, &c. 165 1 wild brufhwood had rifen up to the windows, and united the ruin to the foil on which it flood. All this is removed : a level is taken, and the ruin ftands now on a neat bowling green, like a houfe juft built, and without any kind of connection with the ground it ftands on. There is certainly little judgment fhewn in this mode of improve- ment. The charaffer of the fcene is miftaken. If Mr. Brown mould proceed a ftep further — pull down the ruin and build an elegant manlion : everything would then be right, and in its proper place. But in a ruin the reigning ideas are folitude, negleff, and defolation"* As Mr. Gilpin predicted, time has done a great deal, towards rendering Mr. Brown's work more in keeping with the ruin. All true lovers of Architecture will, neverthelefs, always deplore the pulling down of detached fragments, and the heartlefs covering up of the ground plan, which we know ftill exifts in great perfection. And for the prefent, we muft content ourfelves by hoping that the noble owner will, ere long, enhance a hundred-fold, the intereft of the lovely ipot he has the privilege to poflefs, by lifting the dark veil of earth which has for a century hidden from all eyes innumer- able objects of intereft and beauty. Whatever may be the truth of the legend which attributes to Durandus a fuperftitious motive, in choofing the fite for his Abbey, we have abundant proof, that there were not wanting many fub- ftantial reafons to confirm him in his felection. Among thefe may be mentioned, not only the beauty of the fituation, for beautiful it muft ever have been, from its natural combination of rock, wood, water, and meadow, even before it had received the attentions of Mr. "Capability" Brown ; but alfo its complete feclufion from the outer world. Thus rendering it peculiarly fuited to the requirements of the ftern and rigid rule of the order of its occupants, one of whofe fpecial principles it was, in the felection of fites for their houfes, that "they mould never be conftructed except in places feparated from all converfe and neighbourhood of men." b In both thefe refpects it bears a ftriking refemblance to the parent Abbey of Fountains, as it does alfo with regard to another erTential circum- ftance to an eftablifhment of this kind, namely, an abundant fupply of clear and excellent water. A further inducement to the monks to fettle in this choice fpot muft have been the exiftence here of a fplendid building ftone, beautiful in colour, eafily worked, and yet very durable, as is fufficiently teftified by the admirable ftate of pre- fervation in which the remains of the Abbey Church continue to a Pi&urefque Beauty, vol. i. page 21. b Ciftercian Rule quoted by Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, in his " Church and Conventual Arrangement," from Had. MS. 3708, f. 18. •£. ' «$• «$• — — •$• 1 66 ROCHE ABBEY. this day, notwithstanding their expofure to the weather for fo many centuries. The reputation, indeed of the Roche Abbey quarry, has long been widely fpread, and fo highly is it now efteemed, that when the new houfes of parliament were about to be built, and fearch was made throughout the country, for the belt materials for that purpofe, the (tone from this quarry was one of thofe ordered to be examined and reported upon. It is evident, therefore, that thefe early Ciftercians exercifed no ordinary degree of judgment, no lefs than of tafte, in felecting this place as the lite of their future Abbey. And here, no doubt, they commenced as foon as their circumftances would permit, the erection of their conventual buildings. Thefe, in all probability, may have been at firft of a temporary character, until increafing wealth and profperity enabled them, in that refpect, to rival their parent and kindred houses of Fountains and Kirkftall, as feems to have been the cafe when Roche was brought to its full maturity and perfection. As, it has been obferved, the monadic remains of Roche Abbey are, at leaft as to what is viiible above ground, of fo limited an ex- tent, it muft be left very much to conjecture to determine what the buildings were when entire. Yet fortunately, our conjectures here need not be of a vague and wholly uncertain character. For, it is a well afcertained fact, that the arrangement of inftitutions of this kind, very much followed an eftablifhed plan. And it is upon record as regards thefe Ciftercian monafteries that they were, as far as cir- cumftances permitted, built according to a fixed rule. We conftantly read in the accounts which are preferved in the " Monajlicon Anglicanum" refpecting the eftablifhment and the erection of the buildings of the monafteries, which were derived from the great Abbey of Fountains, that this was done " de more" — according to eftablifhed cuftom, or "fecundum formam ordinis," — according to the form of their order. Now, though the remains here are certainly fcanty, and thofe of the immediately parent Abbey of Newminfter are reduced to the fmalleft fragment, yet in the kindred monafteries of Fountains and Kirkftall they are very ample. And from thefe we may, with confiderable confidence, form an opinion as to what the general arrangement muft have been at Roche. From thofe examples then, as well as from others, we learn that the main offices of the Abbey were erected round a cloiftered court, of which the nave of the church formed the northern fide. That on the eaftern fide of the quadrangle were found, beyond the fouth tranfept of the church, firft an apartment, which appears to have been a veftry, communicating with the church by a doorway, which «$, — «$• «$. — ^. THE ARCHITECTURE, &c. 167 yet remains at Roche. Beyond this veftry, was the chapter-houfe, which in the early times of the erection of thefe abbeys, i. Sir Henry de Tinfley, married Lucy, daughter of Sir Robert de Hoton Roberts. — Hunter's South Yorkshire, p. 399. Page 169, 8th line from top. It has been iuggefted that the hofpitium, or guefthoufe of the Abbey, was contained in this gatehoufe, which feems to have been the cafe at Workfop, and in fome other examples, but this opinion is open to confiderable doubt here, for, in the firil place in thefe Ciftercian Abbeys, the hofpitium generally formed a feparate building of confiderable magnitude, as at Fountains and Kirkftall, in the former of which there feem to have been two; and fecondly, the arrangement here, on the ground floor at leaft, differs from the case of Workfop, inafmuch as the fide compart- ments are not feparated from the gateway, as they are in that inftance where they form diltinft apartments or offices, as would be required for a guefthoufe. Here all is open, as if made for the fhelter of a confiderable concourfe of people while waiting for fome purpofe; this would be likely to be the cafe with thofe who were expe&ing the diftribution of the monaftic alms. We may therefore, perhaps, with more probability, conjecture that the gatehoufe at Roche formed the almonry, as well as the porter's lodge, of the Abbey. That the gate was the ufual place for the diftribution of alms, both in monaftic and private eftablifliments is fhewn by the following paflage from a curious old poem much quoted in " Parker's Domeftic Architecture of England," fpeaking of the aumonere or elemosinarius, it is faid: — " All the broken mete he kepys y wate. To dole to pore men at ye gate." MS. Sloane, No. 1986 f. 43. Page 172, i ith line from top, after the word "lockyer," add Or it may be a credence, from " Credenza," ( Ital.) a cupboard or fhelf, on which the elements and facred veffels were placed, before confecration. This, if not a feparate table, was frequently formed of a fhelf in the niche or fereftella, over the pifcina. The arrangement found here is very unufual, though the fame thing exifts at Kirkftall under a round-headed arch. Page 173, 5th line from bottom. "About the laft quarter of the 12 th century:" thus the paflage was originally written, but was altered as it ftands in the text, in deference to the opinion of a very experienced and judicious Antiquarian. ERRATA. Page xvii, a^th line from top " Anflem " should be " Anfelm." Page 4, 3rd line from bottom " Aorman " should be " Norman." Page 22, last line of note " Pantage " should be "Pontage." Page 114, 16th line from bottom " 1355" should be " 1535." Page 156, 9th line from top " Lincolnshire " should be " Nottingham/hire." Page 159, 7th line from bottom inlert " the" before learned. Page 174, 4th line from bottom " forman " should be " formam." *- •£ Aaron the Jew at York Abbey of Sancta Maria de Rupe A B C, by William Thorpe Abdy . Aberdeen Abingdon Abbots of Roche, lift of Abbot's Houfe Abbot and Convent of Roche Robert, of Whitby . of Newminfter, Letter from of Fountains Abbey . -of Peterborough -Alexander, of Kirkftall -of Kirkftead -of Newminfter -of Roche, Afton John de "Abbreviatio Rotulorum Originalium" Abftract of the Acquittance of the Jews Act for the Diffolution of Smaller Monafteries Acton in Suffolk, legend at Acworth, Thomas Acuto, Adam de Monte Adam de Gigglefwick . Adam, fon of Ralph de Armthorpe Addenda Advowfon .... Aggecroft . . 15, Agnes, daughter of Robert de Brunnington Agreement between Abbot and Convent of Roche, Thomas Rillington, and others Alan, the parfon of Maltby , Abbot of Roche Albus, William Alexander the IV., Pope, Bull of Almonbury . Algret . Alice, Countefs of Eu . Alteration in Cuftody of Seals of Orders . Alverley Alz, William de Amabill de Brampton Andrew, Saint 155 xx 67 99, 108 42 55 (") 2 153 155 7 60, 62 6 171 (*) 9 81, 151 60 55 no («) 155 Anes Anne, John . Anne, William de Annifton, South Anfton Anfelm Antonie, John Archbifhop of York 99 Religious 45 120, 142 10 109 83 15.21 149 48 187 21, 120, 141 xvii 7i 24, 25, 36, 37, 40, 43, 49, 54 55, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 79, 114 74 26 86 141 50 100 181 126 17' 99 100 114 120 34 108 no 3i 151 106 17 Architecture, The Arcy, Henry de Armthorpe, Henry de , John de . , Ralph de , Thomas de 16, 21, 28, 34, 35, Arnaldus Arncliffe Arnethorpe . , Thomas de Arneldthorpe Arnewy, Henry Afhenbeech . Asfheton, Arthur . Afhover Aske, Robert, at indirections executed at York . Askern . -, Maurice de Atheling, Edgar Afton Aexoure Avenell, William Avenal, William, Lord of Haddon Averpenning Augmentations, Court of Augi, Countefs of Henry, Earl of B Bacon, William . Bagfhawe, W. H. G. . Balne Banke Bankewell, Simon de Banks, James^ Bauuent, Ralph de Barbot, William , Richard Bardolf, Hamelin Bardolph, Hamelin , Katherine , Hugh . , Ralph Baret, Richard Bargo, Hugh de Barker, Bobert Barlings, Abbot of Barnby . 15, 16, 21, 32, 89, («) , Benedict, Rector of , Richard de, William, fon of Barneby, Gervafe de . 5, 15 , Richard de . , 16 21, 101, 32- xvii, 163 in 100 155 100 15, 100 101, 125 4 (») 101 100 100 100 157 IOI 134 21, IOI 78-80 81 101, 144 IOI xvii 100 21, 101 15 123 22 (») 134 XX xxii 121 153 101 131 54 89 152 10 5 15 160 160 160 160 10, 145 23 122 81 102, 104 101 147 101, 104 32, 102 ♦ "♦ * 192 ROCHE ABBEY. * Barneby, Hugh de , Alexander de , Thomas de Barnoldfwick Barnoldfwic Bartlett, Cromwell's fervant Barton, Great Barry, Richard Barvile, William de BaflTett, William Battle of Bannockburn Boroughbridge Bawtry -, Richard de de Bufli Bayonne Becket, Thomas a Beggam in Suffex Beke, John . Bella Aqua, Thos. de Bell, Adam . Bellewe, John Bellew, Thomas de Bellftring Lands . Bellow, John Benedict, Saint BenediiSines Benedicrine Nuns . Beatrix, fifter of Roger Bently, Lord of Bereus, Robert of Beresford, Edward Bergh, Roger de Bernard, Saint Bernehill Berwick-on-Tweed Bere, John Betham Bigod, Sir Francis Bilham . , Hugh de Bildewas, Abbot of Bircheworth . Bilham Abbey " Black Book " of the Monafteries Blackftondelf Bladefworth, William de Blakehills Blithefhaw . Blodwith Bloxolme, John , Blund, Richard le . Blythe 11, 12, 21, 87, («) 103, 11 Blythe, Caftle of Priory, Regifter of . , Prior of Bodleian Library . Bohler, Mr. J. Bolgate . . . Boniface VIII, Pope . Booth, Laurence . Botildewellewang Bowes, Sir Robert Boxley Abbey Boyvill, Sir R. de . Braithwell . .-- , Artrop de Braiton . Bramclyffe Bramley , . .16 Brampton, Robert de • , Michael de Bramwith . 15, 16, 21, — , Nicholas de 141 32 32 32 103 174 («) . 7° 27 55. I2 6 103 123 21, 103 106 37 9.83 68 151 160 93 123 122 104 187 37 167 („) 158 XX xxiii 12 122 122 xviii 21 47 121 I77 80 121, 126 126, I55 133 II 7 91 («) 74 134 104 26 103, 149 22 («) 122 144 153. xx XX 103 103 87 («) vi n 40, 133 63 151. 152 80 83 140 21, 104 104 151 187 104, 115 log log 102, IO4, I05 32 io 3 144 104 2I> BranclifFe 15, 16, 28, 34, 35, 100, 105, 125 164, Brathmere, Fifhery of , fee Hatfield Brettvile, Robert de Bridlington . , Prior of Brindfworth . Brinton, Robert Britifh Mufeum Brochard, Girard Brokylefye, Robert Brookhouse Broom Riddings Brother Thomas Brown, Mr. , Ralph Broxholme, John Bruce, Robert Bruerton, Robert Brumpton, William de Brunington, Robert de Bruntat, John (?) . , Eudo de Bug, Thomas de . Bugthorpe Bugthorpe, Hamel de , Nicholas de Building of Roche Abbey Bull of Pope Urban IV. , Alexander IV. Burgh, Thomas Lord . Burgundy, Duke of Burnet, Bifhop . 72, 79, Burnell Family , William Burton, Dr. v, 15, {n\ 36, 50, 56, 61, no, , Richard , Robert , William Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy" Bury, Sir Thomas de . St. Edmunds xxn, 1 Bufli, Ernaldus , Idonea de , John de , Jordan de , Richard de xxi, xxii, 4, 5,6, g, n, 1 119, 120, 125, 126 , Robert de , Roger de Buteiler, William le Butler, William . Byland Abbey Bylton, GeofTery 114 106 108 i°5 81 147 122 82 23 187 i°5 i°5 102 («) 165, 172 139 187 46, 47, 48, 49 159 137 100 109 log 140 106 146 106 6 30 31 139 xviii . («) 84 126 130 .11, 144, 146 120 146, 154 65 82(«) 140 27, 40 xx, xxii 140 12, 125 xxii 94. "° 172 «)8 n) Bynd, of Eels defined Callinglow Calverlay, Sir W. . Cambridge, Countefs of Cambridge, Earl of Campfall, Mr. W. H Campfall Canby, Mr. . Canterbury Carlifle Carlton Carucages Carr Carter, William Carver . 10 xxi, xxii 5 105, 187 45 154 114 («) 106 159 w 58, 83, 127, 171 xxiii vi 106, 126, 144 94 ■ 47. I0 7. J 58 . 44. 46 106, 107 21 107 . 86, 88 J 54 # Carzon, Robert Callage . . . Caftello, Gena de Caftlefhaw Catwick Cawood . Cauz, Alfred le Cellarer of Fountains Abbey Chalons, Bifhop of Chalons-fur-Saone Chaucer Chaucomb, Warine de Chaucumbe, John de . Chapel, Alan Fitz i Henry de 32 22 109 107 107 54 23 14 xviii xvii 50 136 139 34 23 86, 89 („) • 90 (*) 4 5 28, 108 Chapter Houfe Charter Houfe of Richard de Bufli of Richard Fitz Turgis of William, Earl of Warren of John de Warren, Earl of Surrey 51 of William de Roffington . 108 of Amabill de Brampton . iog of William de Chaworth . in of Henry de Shelley . .117 of John Levet . . 126 ■ of Walter, Abbot of Roche . 122 of Adam Fitz Burnell . 125 of Warinus de Scargill . .131 of Philip Paynel . . 138 of Idonea de Vipont . . 140 of Abbot Richard and Robert de Ripers 142 of Ralph de Rainville . . 148 of Hugh, son of Hugh Lascy . 148 of Edmund de Lacy . . 151 of Maud de Lovetot . 152 of Matilda de Moles . . 153 of Walter Abbot, and the Convent of Roche Chaworth, Henry de , John de -, William de Chatfworth Chefter Chetham. Chriftopher and Ralph Chrift's Church College, Oxford Church, The of St. George, Doncafter Cifteaux Ciftercian Devotions Civita Vecchia Clayton, David Clifford, Henry, Earl of , Robert de , Lord Roger , Lord Thomas Inquifitions Clifton, Alan de . Clinton, Lord , Lord Admiral Clipftone . . • . Clyfford, George . Cobcroft, Sir Robert . Coc, Reginald Cokewald, Henry de . Cole MS. Coletonj William de . . Collys, Nicholas Colmanhaghe Common Seals . . . Compendium of Difcoveries at Roche, by Drs. Legh and Layion Coningsbrough, King of 159 in in in, 145 107, 145 144, 151 134 68 169 109 xvii, xviii, 47, 4g xix 31 131,141,144 8 .3. xxii xxii xxiii, 59, 83 126 142 122 117 103, 149. 1 5 2 187 91 108 139 93 139 86, 88 . 158 46, 118 82 109 Coninsborough . xxiii, 15, 21 , Lord of Caftle Conference between Royal Army at Ferribridge Confirmation of Countefs of Eu of King Henry III. of King Richard I. : of Pope Urban III. of King Edward II., Walkeringham . Corngilds Cornwall, Duchy of Cotes, Allandel , John Council at St. Paul's, London Counhal, William de Counties Courcy, Richard de Cousen, Joane Coventry Craffis, Alexander Cramcumb, Godfrey de Craven, Hiftory of - . Crefii, William de Cromwell, Thomas 70, 71,74, 78, 79 Croxton, Sir John de Croyland Abbey Croyton, John de Crumbewell, John de . Cudworth . . Cumberland, Earl of . 82, Cumberworth Cundal, Henrv, Abbot of Roche Cundall, Thomas . D Dadefley Danegilds Darcy, Lord Darell, Geoffery Darley, Henry de Deepcar De la Roche De Rupe De Hotens . Denfhaw Derby Defcription of a Monaftery : Monk Dionyfius, Abbot of Roche . . g Difcontent in the Roman Catholic Church in the time of Henry III. . . 24 Diffolution, The . . .67 Docelin, Mailer, the Chancellor . 23 Doddefworth, John . . 82, 86, 87, 88 Doddington, Grantee . . 149 Dodfworth 103, 104, ill («), 125 («), 138 («), 148 (») Domefday Book . . . 12 Survey . . . xx, xxii Doncafter xx, xxiii, 21, 79, 80, 81, 83, 108, 109, 146 -, Deanery of . . -94 (») 132 47 39 34, 58, 104, 107 xx XX and Rebels 79 17 20 16 • 14. I5i of lands in 156 21 149 114 114 45 34 21 135 122 48,82 153 23 7 18 80, 91, 92 («) 140 6 140 xxi, xxii 108 127, 129, 130 108 72, 84, 86, 87 88,94 86 xx 21 79 154 144 108 125 125 . 187 108 84, 99, 123 69 69 10 33, 67. Doncaftre, John de Dover .... burnt by the French . Draft of an Act of Parliament after the Sup- preffion ... 95 Drax, Richard . . .86 , Prior of . . 135, 136, 139 , Priory of 136 Drengesflete . . . . 157 25 «#• Drigwrt, Hugh de . . . 15, ng Dr. Layton's Letter to Thomas Cromwell 70 Drs. Legh and Layton and the Acl: of Suppreffion 77 Dromore, Bifhop of Dugdale . . Duningeton, William de Dunfcroft Durandus Durham Dyon, John 3. 4. 6. 61, 64, 65 xxi 10 . 31,110 8, 9, 37. l6 5 60 187 Eaftwood, Rev. J. Ecclesfield . Ecclefhall, Ralph de Ecclefal, Ralph de Edinsor, Adam de Edmund, brother of King Edward , Earl of Cornwall . , Saint vi, 91 («) 91 («), 108 108 152 107 38, 4 1 . 43 43 82 Edward I. King of England 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 100 106, 125 . 46, 48, 100, 118, 152 Royal Charter of 112 xxiii, 127, 152 146, 149 II. III. III. VI. 1 Prince Earl 5.9. Edwin, Effarts Eglifton Abbey Eilrichethorpe Ellercar, Sir Ralph Ellis, Sir Henry Ellys, William , Hugh , James Elmifhall .... 125 Elizabeth, Queen of England . xxii Elfi .... xxi, 5 Elmfall . . . 126 Ennufe . . . .110 Engleis, Hugh le . . 12 Erdefale, Nicholas, fon of Jeffery de . 144 Errata .... 188 Efpeke, Walter . . . xviii Efton, John de . . 121 Eu, Countefs of xx, xxii, 17, 99, 120, 125, 174 Eudo, Robert, Fitz . . 15 , William, fon of ... 145 , Robert, fon of . . 160 Everfham . . . -33 Ewes or Ehus . . . no , John, fon of Gilbert de . . 141 Exeter, Thomas, Duke of . . 59 (») Execution of the Abbot of Barlings, at Lincoln 81 Fountains, at Tyburn 81 " Excerpta e Rot. Fin." . . xxii (») Fac-fimiles of the fignatures of the monks of Roche at the diffolution Fairwath Farworth Fenwick Ferribridge . Ferrars, Earl of Fefh, Triftram Feyrford, Matilda de " Fines, Ebor." Firbeck . , Fifhlake 32,33 xx 22 45 10, no 80 91 («), 92 („) 149. 159 149, 150 150 ou 16, 21 no, 112 . I46 • 79 . 123 . 149 112 • H5 (n), 147 («) 104, III 28, III Fitzwilliam, John, Lord , Thomas . Fitz-Payne, Robert , Sir Jordan Fitz-John, Richard Fitz-Turgis, Richard . Flanders Fleming, William the Flemenfrith Flixburgh Flomenwith Flora of Roche Florence Foffard's . . Foljambe, George Savile Fogfwell Ford Hall Forftal Foffard, Nigel de 127 121 159 145, 146, 159 xxii xxiii 47 119 22 in, 135, 139 22 181 26 12 46 5 153 22 xxii Fountains Abbey 6, 7, 14, 50, 92 (»), 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 174 (»), 177 , Abbot of . . 81, 88 (») Foundation Charter of Richard de Bufli -of Richard Fitz-Turgis -of John de Bufli Franc-pledge France Freeman, John Fretwell, Roger Froude, quoted Frankland Frithefend Friar Mere Fulham, Geoffery de Fuller, Hugh Furnival, Richard , Gerard de Furneys, Richard de Fyfhburn, Richard Gamul Gamel, Filius Befingi Garth, William Gafcony Gatehoufe, The Gaunt, Robert de Gavefton Piers Gebod, Robert, fon of Gerard, William Fitz . Gerbode, William, fon of George, fon of Lord Lumley Gerwedon, Abbey Gifford, John Gigglefwick, Adam de , its well . Gilbert, the Chaplain Gildingwells Gilds . Gillott, Henry Gilpin, Mr. Girlyington, Nicholas . Glai, Robert, fon of Gloucefter, the Earl of Goderic-Riding Gofeker Grafton Grandimont Order, Peter of the Grangefield Grant, Royal Gray John, Abbot of Roche Greasborough 19 4.9 5 11 22 50 91 (») 104 78. 79 131 157 132 158 130 160 23. 152 107 86,88 4 5 127 47 175 135 46 in 15, 142 104 80 45 H9 50 50 117 in 21 150 164, 165 187 107 26 in 105 74 xviii ( n ) 154 134 60 121 •aS 1 ■ "•$* «$•- INDEX. 95 -4 Green, Grantee ■ ■ John ■ , Thomas . Grendon, Henry de Grimbald, John Guienne, Duke of Gunhale Gunnora Guvry, Reginald Gwarine, Abbot of Pontiniac H Haddon Haimfoken Haket, Ralph Haloghby, Henry de Hall, Grantee Halyhton, Adam of Hampol Harleian MS. Hartington, H. Harold, Earl Harworth , Gamellus de Haftings, Brian Hatfield . xxiii. Park and Woods Haugh . Haytfeld, Church of . Heathcote Heden, Gerard de , Simon de . Helgheby, Galfrid de . Helias, Abbot of Kirkftall . Hellaby Henfrew, Hugh , Janet Hengwith Henry I., King of England II. 101, no, 113. 114. III., King of England xxii («), 105, 106, no, 125, 139, 146, 158, I59> Summons of -V. -VI. - VIII. 70, 101, 102, 105, no («), 128, 130, 131, 134, 146, 149, -, Abbot of Newminfter -, Prior of Roche Helpol Herthwic, Robert de Herfy, Baldwin de , Malveifin de Heflington, John, Abbot of Roche Hefley . Heftwell Hewett . Hewet, Robert , Agnes Heyden, Richard de Heyr, Walter de . Hidage Higgins, Godfrey Hillbrigthorpe . 116, 125, " Hiftory of the Manor of Todwick ' Hitchcock, Robert de Hoderode, Sir John de Holme . Holmes, Thomas, Grantee Carr Wood 132, 154 102 )< 15° 127 148 38 39 100 xxiii 120 9 123 22 122 127 r 54 105 125 i65 (») 123 xx, xxiii no, 112 112 146 112, 150 114 115, 117 144, 145 123 144 144 159 18 115 153 153 22 xvii 120 100, 101 147, 156 160, 177 ? 2 . xxiii 120 122, 123 152, 158 18 7 158 105 108 108 67 "5 116 r 3i 119 119 34 152 21 J 45 133. 134 94 146 151 116, 148 149 116 xxii, 116 116 116, 126, 1 116, 118, 27 144 Holtheng Holy Trinity, Prior of Hooton , Slade , Levet , Jordan , Roger , Allen de . , Barony of Roberts — , Sir Robert de Hope Horbiry, Richard de , Ralph de Hofpital of St. John of Jerufalem Holtal, Adam de and Donyfia his Wife Hoxebrigge . Hugh, the Clerk of Rotherham " Hundred Rolls" 106, 120, 146 („), 147 ( n \ Hundefdon, Lord . Hunt .... Hunter, Mr. xxiii („), 104, no.(„), 144, 145, I no 136 127 144 144 116 116 105 x 47 187 188 116 140 122 "3 153 148 10 153 104 131 *47 188 Ichells Ickles Idle, River . Idonea, Widow of Robert de Vipont Ikkyls . . . Images burnt at Smithfield Image of the Crucifix on a Rock at Roche Index Infangthef . Ingbirchworth Ingleby, William Injunctions given by the Commiffioners on leaving Monafteries Innesby : Infpedtions Infula, William de , Jordan de . Introduction Inventory of Roche Abbey . Ifabel J Jackfon, Mr. Charles . , Charles , Grantee Jeffcock, Rev. J. T., F.S.A. Jeffry and Watt Jeremiah, parfon of Roffington Jervaulx, Abbot of Jeroval Abbey Jews at York John, King of England 101, 105, 106. , the Forefter . , Abbot of Roche . , fon of Phillip Johnfton MSS. Jordan, fon of Phillip de Marr 117. 117 ,n8 134 xxi 147 83 82 191 22 117 154 73 117 22 105 116 xvii 104, 120 149 vi 93 100, 126 81 45 13. 155 135. 136 J 47. J 53 34 42,43 23 147 121 K Karleol, W. Keeper, John Ker, John Ketelbergh, Reginald de Kilnhurft , Roger de 23 89 n 7 i°9. 155 118 118 * * •$• 196 ROCHE ABBEY. •$• Kilnhurft, Thomas de . . . 118 Kimberworth . . . xxi " Kirby's Inqueft " . . 100, 121, 187 Kirkburton, Hiftory of 108 («), 117 («), 150 («) Kirkftall 18, 19, 103, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171 172, 174 («), 177, 187, 188 Kirkftead . . . xxi, 177 Kiveton . . . 103, 118 Knight's fee, defined . . . 100 Knot Hill ... 132 Knott, legend of . .26 Kyrkeby, John de . . 137 Kyveton, John de . . 103, 118 Laci, Henry de, Lord of Pontefradt . 9 Lacy, Roger ... 18 , Robert . . . 148 , Edmund de . . 144, 151 , Henry de . . 116, 174 , John de . . 151 , Margaret de . . 151 , Alice de . . 151 Lambcote . . - . 15, 16, ng, 145 Lambcroft . . . 15, 119 Lancafter . . » .99 , Thomas, Earl of . . 48 -, Duchy of Landfdown MSS. Langdon Abbey Langley, Edmund de Langthwaite, Hugh de , Richard de Lafci, Thomas de Lafcy, Hugh Laughton , Lord of Layton, Dr. . Lee, Sir Richard Leek, John . Legend of Adton Roche 43 > 105, 149 82 ■• ... 70 xxiii, 52 5, iog, 126 121 148 148 in, 120, 147 xx 70, 71, 72, 80, 81, 82, 83, 91 («) 158 , . 106 26 25 82,83 153 22 155 109 60, 62 70, 71, 72, 77, 80, 81 Legh, Dr. Leicefter Leirwith Leming, Adam Leon Letter from the Abbot of Newminfter • on the fuppreffion of Roche Abbey Letewell, Peter de Levet , John . , Richard , William de , Hammond de -, Conftantia 155. 159 xxii . 55. 126 116 xxiii, 126, 127 116 126 28, 32, 52, 92 («), 112 147 154 xxii 107 123 82 151 16 xxi, 91 («), in, 134, 135, 159, 160 136 43. 44. 84, 99, 120 Lindric . . .. 15, 17, 21, 120 Lindrick, William de . . . 152 -, near Tickhill .. . 120 Brook .. . . 120 Lewes . , Monks of Leweftye, John Leybun, .Roger de Librate . Lichfield — — , Bifhopric of , Mr. William de Ligulf . Lincolnfhire , Bifhop of Lindrick Common — Dale Lindfey, Robert de Lift of Abbots Subfcribers L'Ifle, Jordan de, Jordan fon of . Lifa Littel, Thomas de Littlemorye London . . 33, 40 Longfword, William London, Dr. Louth Park Louweder, Richard de Loverfal Lovetot, Maud de Lowthwaite Lucius, Pope Ludham, Euftachius de Lumby Lumley, Lord, eldeft fon of Luterel, Andrew , Galfred, and Frethefant ■ — , Robert Lyvet, James de . , Richard 120 120 171 («) 2 viii 148 177 117 145 , 41, 42, 46, 102 12 . 90, 92 77. I7 1 . J 77 144 T20, I42 152 4 14 106 100, 120 80 I 37> H7 Wife of 147 147 122 122 99. M Magilldhylls Maidftone Malcolm III. Maltby . . xxi, xxii, 4, 7, 11 Mill . . . , Lord of ". Malgerio, Mafter " Manchefter Guardian " Mandate from King Edward II. Manfelyn of Doncafter of Brodfworth Manvers, Leo de . . .15 Mapes, Walter Mafter of the Rolls Matilda of York Margens, Thomas Marifco, Henry de Mar , Roger de , Jordan de . , Payn de Marr, Roger de , The Grange of Marfh, Henry de . Mary, Queen of England Mafon, William . Maude, daughter of Thomas, Lord Clifford Mauger, fon of Roger de Stokes Maumirr, Henry . Mawoners, Michael de Medyltun, Thomas Meleton, William de Melrofe, Chronicle of . Melfoe or Meux Melton, William de Memers, Richard de . Merlay, Ranulph de Mersfh, Robert de Meteham, Thomas de Michael, fon of Leo de Manvers Micklebring . : , Eugenia . Middleton Mileri, William de 145 83 xvii 21, 120 116 xxiii 23 134 48 116 116 100, 105 54 167 («) 58,59 114 100 21, 121 15 148 121, 148 122 121 IOg 82 I04 xxiii "5 J 57 152 86,88 127 18 (») 177 47.49 108 6 127 127' 100 121 121 123 5 * & ■H *■ INDEX. 197 ^ Mifterton, Robert de . , Walter de , Robert, parfon of Mitchell, Mr. Moles, Matilda de , Hugh de . , William de Molefme, Robert de " Monaftican Anglicanum " no, 166 " Eboracenfe " Monaftery, description of de Rupe Monkeboye Monkebothe . Monk Bretton , description of . Monks Bridge ■ of Pipewell of Salley . ■ ■ of the Rock Monby, Sir J. de . Monteby, John de Montfort, Simon de Montforth, John Monyafh Morton, Rbbert, Earl of Mores, Edward Rowe, Efq. More, Richard Morfurlung Morley Mortimer Mortmain Adr. Morpeth, John, Abbot of Roche Morehoufe Moflay, Richard Mowbray, John de Moyle, Mr. . Multhorpe, John Munkegate, Peter de N Newhum Newhall Newland Newerth Newminfter Abbey , John, Abbot of , Robert, Abbot of Newmarch, Adam de . Newmarches Newcombe, John Newfome New Vifitation of Religious Houses Neuflet . Nevil., Geo. Reg. Nicholas, clerk of Laughton , parfon of Tickhill Norfolk, Duke of . Northumbland, Duke of Northampton North, Edward Normandy, Robert, Duke of Norwich, Galfrid de Normanville, Ralph de Norwicen, Thomas Noftel, the Prior of " Notes and Queries " Notte, William " Nottinghamfhire, Hiftory of . xx, 106 141 122, 167 4- 7 108 (») 144 158 J 5? 46, 159 I 4 I i *53 142, 144, 153 • 15. 142 xviii 150, 151, 159 174 (*), 187 v, 36, 146 69 152, 153 J 57 158 121 69 105 7 7 18, 125 140 140 32,33 118 121 xx, xxii no 146 158 121, 122 33 35 66 7 117 («), 150 . 86, 88 48 130 127 29 16 21, 122 122 II 5 8, 66, 164, 177 60 7 5, 6, 15, 122 xxiii 154 15, 122 ordered 81 114 • 59 W 120 12 . 79, 80, 81 101 46 130 xvii 29 122, 155 J 55 121 • 27 („) 146 xxii , 123, 146, 158 Nottingham xx, 41, 84, 103, 115, 122, 141, 156 , County of . . 154 ■, Sir Robert de . . 151 O Oblations, Alms, &c. . . . 160 Odenell, fon of Nicholas D'Aubeney . 105 Odo, Filius Johannis . . . 5 Oldcotes . . .16, 21, 123 , Philip de . . i 22 Oneafh or Anes . 15, 21, 99, 106, 121, 123, 145 Ormesby, William de . . .41 Orm .... jQ Osbertus, Sir . . . Z ci Osberton, Roger de . . 157 Ofmund, Abbot of Roche 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 25, 101, 105, 120, 147, 153, i 74 Outfangthef . . .22 Oxford .... 68 , Earl of ... 79 Oxgang . . . .99, 107 Painell, William , Hugh -, Jordan 135 137 5 Parcel of the Poffeffions of the Monaftery of Roche . . . 128 Paris, Matthew . . 12, 25, 26 («) Parker's Domestic Architecture of England 188 Parks, John Del . . .114 Pannage or Pawnage . . 22 Particulars for Grants 101, 102, 104, 106, 117, 120 122, 128, 130, 141, 144, 146 149, 154, 156, 187 Paffage Patent Rolls Paul's Crofs . Paul, Nicholas de Saint -, St. Richard de , St. Robert de Payne, Robert Fitz , Geffery Fitz Payn, Robert, fon of Paynell, Ralph , John , Phillip . Paynel, Adam , William . Penfion to the Abbot of Roche Penrice . Percy, William Peter, John Fitz . Petre, Doftor William Peterborough, Abbot of Philis's Hole Philippa, Queen of England Philip, Abbot of Roche , King of France Piers Ploughman's " Vifion and " Pilgrimage of Grace " Pipewell " Placitorum Abbreviatio " . Plantagenet, Richard . Pleas , Roll of Plefley, Simon de Podenfac, Governor of Pocklington Pollington " Polyolbion " of Drayton . 52 Creed 99 22 r 38, 139 83 151. 152 148 29 12, 15 115 in 135 137 138 148 J 47 87 83 28 114 87 171 (*) 27 53. H3. 114 34- 35. 136 38,41 55 78 7, J 77 31 59 21 135 5. 101 39 106 100 =;o *- •$•- i 9 8 ROCHE ABBEY. 24. 25. 33 PontefracT: Pontiniac Pontage Pope, the , Nicholas Portman, John Portfmouth . Poffeffions, the Premonftranfes Order Prior of Blythe . of Drax, the of York, the of Workfop Profits of Redory of Hatfield Prophetic Parable Pryme, Mr. De la Q Queen Philippa's gift to Roche . Queftions asked by the Commiffioners on Vifiting Monafteries Quick 79, 117, 151 9 22 50. 73 123 92 (») 39 99 45 141 25 25 43 "5 56 94 53 72 132 R Radcliffe-on-Trent Rainville, Ralph de Ralph the Prieft , Bifhop of Chichefter , fon of Nicholas , fon of Robert Fitz-Payne Ramfden, William . 128, Raftal, Mr. Rawmarfh Raveni, Willielmus Filius . Reference to Plates Reginald, Abbot of Roche 19, 20, 25, the Bailiff the Presbyter de Doncafter the Tailor Reine, Robert Reresby, Lionel Efq. Reprifals Rhodes, Peter de . , William de Richard I., King of England 12, 1 II., , Abbot of Roche . , fon of Hugh the Granger Richmund, Roger Rice, Ap. Dr. Rickman Rievaulx, Abbot of Rillington, Thomas Ripariis, Robert de Ripers, Robert de Rifiby . Robert, Abbot of Roche 43, 44 , fon of Glai , Saint the Cellarer Robin Hood Robynfone, John Roche, Adam de la ■ , William de Rochefter, Bifhop of Rochdale Rodmerchewyet, Hugh de . Roger, fon of Hugh Fitz Walter Rokkehill 103, 118 148 10 23 23 12 131, 152, 187 xviii 108, 115, 118 5 xii 105 6. 20 141, 46, 147. 153 109 126 109 82 147 "5 121 141 , 23, IOO 159, 174 149 28, 29, 34 23 34 23 70,71 170 81 14, 144 99, 120 142, 158 17,21 47. 48> 5 6 . 57 15 7 29 93 82, 86, 88 116 122 83 108, 116, 131 106 100 145 Roll's Houfe Rome Romburgh " Rood of Grace " Roffington , Jeremiah de , Peter de Rothwell, Robert de Rothell, parfon of Rotherham , S de Rot. Fin. Rous, Antho Roxby 13, 15, 21, 89 Royal Charter Rufford Abbey Rupe, Monaftery of , William de Rupibus, William de Rumfey Ryevall, Abbot of Rygges, William . Rypun, Nicholas de Ryvall . 81, 96 («), 106 («), 125 («) 24 68 83 100, 115 • . 10 9 109, 116, 155 139 117 29, 89, 99, 105, 117, 147 43 xxi («) 149 134. 135. 136, 137. 138, 139 160, 187 106, 118, 137 45 134 29 • 23, 29 xvii 133 154 32 xviii Saddleworth Sake Salley Sally, Abbot of . Sandal, Thomas de ■ ■, Madilda . Sandall Sandbeck xxi, 11, 33, Sandebi, William de . Sanderfon, John . Saunderfon, Robert , Sir Nicholas- Sarah, relicT: of Richard de Bawtry Savile, Richard de, Ralph fon of Sbyfon, Thomas Scalzebi, Robert de , Knight of ■. Scarborough Earl of Scausby, Hugh Scawsby , Adam de Scelhall, Hugh de Schepewykes Schofelde, Lord Thomas de Scoreby of Marr Scoteni, Walter de Scotage Scotney Scotland Scroby Scrope, Philip Scutage Seals of the Abbey Seal of the Cell of Roche Secretum of the Abbey Selefai, Henry of Serlby Sezacres Shaw, G. Efq. Sheffield Shelley , Henry de . Sheldon, Thomas 134 22 177 7 («) . 32, 126 153 • 21, 139 89, 140, 141, 172 f«) 10 no 141 xxii 106 147 29 5, 6, 15, 122 10 80 vi, xxii, xxiii 12 21, 141, 144, 187 log 140 • 158 132 16 15. x 35. J 36 21 187 47> 48, 49 44) 60 152 21 45 46, 118 no • 45. 46 108 103, 141, 153 15. 142 • 132 («) 87 w 142, 150 117 123 * -•$• +■ INDEX. 199 Shepwick Shepley, Mathew de Shires Shirebrook, Cuthbert Shyttylyngton Shrewsbury, Earl of Sibylla , de San&a Maria Silkftone Simon de Montfort de Baukewell . Fitz Simon — , Precentor of York Skellow Grange , John de . Slade Hooton . 5, 99, 107 Sloane, MS. Smeaton , Alan , Simon fon of Algar de Smetheton, Alan de Smithfield Smith, Mr. Theophilus , John . Smythe, Thomas Snaith Soke Sonke Southerfell " South Yorkfhire " . xxiii («) Spalding Abbey Spencer Sprotbrough Sprotburgh, Lord of Stacye, Rev. J. Stainton . . .16 , Hugh de . •, Hugh, John fon of , John de . — , William de Stainforth Stainford , John Fitz Peter de , Provoft of . Stainredale Stallage Stanhop Stanhope, Sir Edward Stanfal . Stanhege Stapelton, Lord Robert de Stapleton, Robert de . , Richard Statute relating to Seals of Stather, North and South Staynton , John de Stelle, Robert Stephen, Abbot of Roche , King of England , Cardinal Stephenfon, Thomas . Sterndale Stevinton, Johann de . Stillingflete Stirap, Ingeram de , Gerard de . Stirrup Stokes, Thomas . Stone Edge . . . Storthes, John Stowe Monafteri 142 18, 108 21 8g, 164 150 79 xvii 29 151 33 54 117 29 126 145 126 20, 142, 143 188 144, 187 "7 144 32,34 83 vi 154 86 144, 151 22 21 26 (»), 188 45 104 121 102 vi tig, 145 5> x 45 145 140 140 21 144. x 45 114 145 145 22 49 xxii 21, 145 107, 145 I3 1 , !32 117 146 45 I". 137 187 122 89 4L. 138 xix, 4 25, 120 120 123 159 155 155 16, 146 21, 146 127 132 150 53 , 4° 16 Strafford Strie, William Strifterop Streetthorpe St. Paul, Robert de — Agatha Abbey — Clement at York, Agnes, Priorefs of — Mary of Roche — Andrew, Robert de — Roche — Mary's, York . — Paul s London — John s Church, Laughton — Omer, Sir William de — Leonard, Hofpital of, at York Stubbs, Alexander de Styrrup, Ralph de, Robert fon of , Robert de Suffolk .... Summons to Stephen, Abbot of Roche to Parliament . 32, 38, 39. Suppreffion of Monasteries of Roche Abbey letter on Surrey, John, Earl of Surrender Deed of Roche Abbey Surdeval, Richard de Surtees Society Sutton, Charles — , John Swain, Fitz Swain Swaincroft Swayn, Adam Fitz ' Swift, Mr. W. Swinton , Raynder de , William de Sykes, Dr. . Symon, fon of Symon Sywardthorp, Hugh Marfhal de Takewith Tange . Tanner Tatewyc, William de Taxation of Pope Nicholas Templeborough Tenneflowe, Henry de " Teftamenta Vetufta " " Eboracenfia " Teftification of Richard de Boyvill Theam Themantale Theodare, a Monk Thethingpenning Thomas, Abbot of Roche . , the Granger , fon of Artrop de Braithwell Thomas, William Fitz Thoc, Thomas Thornfham, Robert, Steward of Anjou Thome . Thornhill, Robert Thornell, Hugh Thornabye, Robert Thoroton, Dr. Thorpe , William Thoresby's MSS. Thriberg Throapham Thundercliffe Grange 146 109 146 146 29 45 160 153 151 125 68 45 120 . 136 141 • 32, 155 112 112 26 • 38,39 43, 44, 47 94 (") 89 51,52, 112 84 xxii 28, 59 («) 187 . 187 7 134 16 vi 122, 159 122 122 vi, 109 („) 15 141 16 21 101, 177 148 137 146, 147 187 • 59 («) 59 («) 140 22 21 19 22 36 32 104 101 32 23 28, 147 no 154 139 v, xxii 37 67 • 18,53 147 , 147, !53 xxi *7< "$*" <&. Thurftonland . . 89 („), 142, 150 Thurne, Thomas, Abbot of Roche . 64 Thurnfcoe 15, 16, 21, 103, 116, 126, 147, 148, 149 , Adam de . . . 148 Tickhill xx, 11, 12, 17, 18, 21, 48, 103, 106, 112 143, 144, 146, 150, 151, 174 — Caftle . . xx, xx, 48, 121 , Roger de, Abbot of Roche , Reginald Guvy de , Mathew de, Maud, relicT: of Tikill, William, Abbot of Roche Tilli, Ote de Tinfley , Sir Henry de , Robert de " T ; 1 Trumpet " quoted Todwick 15, 21, g4, 104, 148, 149, Grange . , " Old Hall " at , " Hiftory of the Manor" of , " Little " . , Gregory de Toffred, Abbot of Croyland Toft defined Toll Torr Tortemayns, Ralph , William Torworth 16, 21, 103, Tower Hill Trent, River . , Alan de Triftrop Trithings Turbary Turgis, Richard Fitz Turke, Richard Turlavefton, Ralph de Turmifton, Jeffery de Twell, Thomas Twing, Robert Tyrrell, Henry I5 1 - 15. 118, 141, Ulecotes, Philip de Ullay, Robert de . Upland, Jacke Urban, Pope III. IV. 14, 16, 30, Urnethorp, Hugh de 11, 12 155 155 62,63 104 187 188 159 69 152, 153 151 153 («) 151 151 151 6 100 22 no 152 152 155 81 134 158 146 21 21 125, 126, 127 102, 105, 141 10 144 86, 87, 88 25 28, 130, 131 18 141 23 116, 117, 119, 123 125, 135, 142 107 117 49 5< 6, 94, 153, 52. 151. 151. 154. in, Wadworth, Peter de 13, 109, 140 Vallambrofa Vallis Dei or Vaudry " Valor Ecclefiafticus " Vavafour, William , John de Verona Verum, Richard de , William de Vefci, Lords of Rotherham Vickers, Mr. G. Naylor Vipont, Robert de , Idonea de Viteri Ponte or Vipont, Robert de Vivian, Archdeacon of Derby W 26 177 101, 105 15, 99, 147 156 16 123 123 xxiii vi 140, 141 xxii, 140, 172 («) xxii 23 Wadworth 15, 21, in, 120, 142, 143, 145, 155, 156 , Eudo de , Godfrey de , Ralph, Prieft of , Hugh de, Abbot of Rocke Wakefield . , John, Abbot of Roche Walcott, Mackenzie E. C. Walcre Wales Walent, Henry Wallbran, Mr. Wallingwells Wall, Robert Walker, John Walkerfall . Walkeringham . no, 120, 142 , Richard de , Roger, Chaplain of , William de , Adam de , Henry de Wakling, John de Walfingham Walter, fon of Leon , Abbot of Roche Walton, Upper Warmfworth, William de Warpening Warren, the Goldfmith , William, Earl of 18, 28 John, Earl of William de Warely Warwick Wafteneys, William . Waftenays, Edmunde de Waftenayes, Lord Edmund de Watt . Waverley Weighton Common Welbeck Abbey Welbore, Michael Wells, Thomas Well, the " Ladies" Wellingley 15, 16, 21, in Wentworth , W. de , Thomas 143, 147 148 J 55> 156 in, 155 15, in in 13. 16, 135 133 58, 59, 60 . 165 156 ■ 47. 8 4 117 • 92 («) 158 81 150 118 156, 157. J 58 . 156 157 143. i5 6 . J 58 J 57 . 156 108 83 109 • 30, 137 157 109, no 22 . 88 («) 34, 41, 108, in 112, 114, 164 50, 51, 52, 92, 112 xx, xxiii 21, 158 92 («) 145 152 132 ?3 xviii 79 45 187 86, 88 176 Weftminfter . 38, 39, 44, 46 Weftrafen Weftnis Wetelay Wheland, John Whalley, Abbot of Whiethwait, Johanna Whitehall Whitehead, Henry Whitaker, Dr. " White Monks " Whitwell Whifton Roger Wickerfley , Richard de , Robert de , Richard Fitz Turgis de Wilfick . Wilfon, Henry , W. William, Abbot of Roche , Chaplain of the Caftle of Tickhill H3' 145, 159, 187 117 43 117 78, 119, 138 138 100 117 82 133 148 83 133 7 xviii 15, 107 152 5» 21. 159 9, 116, 126 116, 140, 148 159 145, 155, 159 82, 86, 88 104 49 12 * -•$* ■$•- INDEX. 20I 4- William, fon of Richard de Barnby . 102 , fon of Gilbert de Catwick . 107 , fon of Henry de Marifco . 100 ■ , fon of Edward III. . . 52 , fon of Richard de Bufli . 10 , Sir William Fitz . . 100 («) the Fleming . . 16 the Conqueror . . xxii Williams, Sir John . . 122 Will of Matilda of York, Countefs of Cambridge . . .58 Wilkynfon, John . . . ng Wilghefich, Mo. de Otho, fon of . 155 Winchefter ... 23 , Bifhop of . . . xix, 22 Windfor ... 47 Wineley . . . 151, 159, 187 Winterington . . . 15, 17, 21 Winterton .... 159 Winteringham . . . 160 Wlger-Oxgang . . . 156 Wlrington, Robert de . . 144 , Herbert de . . 144 , Thomas de . . 144 Wlvethwait, John de . . . 140 Woburn . . . 177 Wolfpit .... 5 Wolvethwait, John de . . no, in Wolfey, Cardinal . . .68, 70 Woodhall ... 121 Woodhoufe Mill 160 Workfop xx. 94 („), 175, 188 ■ , Prior of • 19. 43 Worcefter 33 Wortley xxi Worthley, Henry de 103 Wrigley, John 134 Wright, Jno. 149 Wulfagh 108 Wyk, Hugh de le !39 Wynkyn de Worde . 12 («) Wynterton 187 Wyn, Miles . . roo (a) Wyfe, Ralph 152 , John 152 , Roger .152 Wyvelfworth . 21, 160 Yorkfhire . . . xxii. 84, 99, 120 Churches, notes on, by a Monk of Roche ... 94 York . xx, 60, 7g, 80, 81, 82, 112, 135, 160 Fabric Rolls . . 28, 29 Cathedral Church . .29 Caftle ... 82 , St Mary's Abbey . . 7 , Matilda of . . . 171 * Robert White, Printer, Park-Street, Worksop. SEP 15 1900 ■