SF 199 P14 A5 1910 Copy 1 WW. AME51BEEN ANGUS CATTLE < S> July 1910 ADVANCE An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Illinois. First International Live Stock Exposition Grand Champion Fat Steer over all Breeds. Bred, Fed and Exhibited by Stanley R. Pierce. Sold at World's Record Price, $1.50 Per Pound by Bowles & Co. • , . Photo by Courtesy of Clay, Robinson & Co. AN ABERDEEN-ANGUS PRODUCT OF ILLINOIS. Grand Champion Carload of Fat Steers at 190 International Live Stock Exposition. Sold at 15%c Per Pound by Clay. Robinson & Co. Fed and Exhibited by Late Hon. L. H. Kerrick. Supremacy of Aberdeen- Angus Cattle Results of Leading Fat Stock Shows During Past Decade in Great Britain and America Second Edition EDITED BY CHAS. GRAY, SECRETARY PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN ABERDEEN-ANGUS BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION 817 EXCHANGE AVENUE, CHICAGO s N°> CONTENTS Awards of American Fat Stock Shows Title. Contents and Introduction Relation of Pure-Bred Aberdeen- Angus to the Cattle Industry Retrospective and Prospective of Beef Production (by James E. Poole) Table of Awards and Summary of Single Fat Animal Exhibits at International Why Stock Yards Buyers like Aberdeen- Angus (by Henry Du Plan, Patrick J. O'Neill and James Brown) Table of Awards and Summary of Fat Carload Lot Exhibits at International Table of Comparative Average Prices at Auction of Fat Carload Lots at International Pages Pa S es 3-6 Table of Awards of International Car- cass Contest and Review of Same (by 6-7 Prof. Wayne Dinsmore) 37-41 Table of Awards of St. Joseph Show, S-ll Iowa State and Inter-state Fairs, Western Stock Show, Fort Worth Show 13-18 and Canadian Shows 44-45 Aberdeen-Angus Cattle on the Range (by George Findlay) *. 47-49 21-22 Table of Comparative 'Average Prices Obtained at Auctions by Breeds from 24-34 1900-1909 51 Recapitulation of American Fat Stock Shows 52-53 Awards of British Fat Stock Shows Title, Introduction 54-56 Beef Producing Qualities of Aberdeen- Angus Cattle (by J. J. Cridlan) 57-59 Aberdeen-Angus and Their Crosses (from Banffshire Journal) 60-63 Table of Awards and Summary of Single Fat Animal Exhibits at Smithfleld Show 64-70 Table of 'Awards of Smithfleld Carcass Contest, and Summary of Same 73-73% Table of Awards and Summary of Sin- gle Fat Animal Exhibits at Birming- ham Show Table of Awards and Summary of Butchers' Best Bullock Contest at Bir- mingham Show Table of Awards and Summary of Sin- gle Fat Animal Exhibits at Scottish National Show Table of Awards of Aberdeen and Dublin Fat Stock Shows Illustrations Advance. 1900 International Grand Cham- pion Steer International 1900 Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot King Ellsworth, 1909 International Grand Champion Steer Doctor Gwinn, 1909 International Cham- pion Grade Steer Fyvie Knight, 190S International Grand Champion Steer Shamrock. 1902 International Grand Champion Steer Clear Lake Jute 2d, 1904 International Grand Champion Steer International 1909 Grand Champion Steer herd Pittsburg Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot International 1906 Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot International 1908 Champion Fat Car- load Lot of Yearlings American Royal 1906 Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot Chuck and Round of Exilio's Grand Champion Carcass My Choice, Grand Champion Steer in 1908 at Sioux City, St. Joseph and Iowa State Fair 1909 42 Victor, 1910 Grand Champion Steer at Fort Worth Show 43 Western Stock Show, 1910, Grand Cham- pion Feeder Carload Lot 42 Western Stock Show, 1908, Grand Cham- pion Fat Carload Lot 43 Glencarnock Style, 1910 Grand Champion Steer, Manitoba Winter Fair 46 Manitoba Winter Fair Exhibit 46 Western Stock Show 1909 Grand Cham- pion Steer 50 Fort Worth 1909 Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot 50 Violet 3d of Congash and Two- Year-Old Heifer 55 Pan of the Burn, 1909 Grand Champion of Smithfleld and Birmingham 71 Esmeralda of Dalmeny 5th, 1909 Grand Champion of Scottish National Show.. 71 Short Loin and Rib Roast of a Grand Champion 72 Yearling Heifer 83 Introduction The first edition of "Supremacy of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle" issued by the American Aberdeen-Angus Breeders' Association in 1909 met with such universal favor among Aberdeen-Angus breeders as well as breeders and feeders of other breeds of live stock and those interested in the fat stock shows and expositions, that the large edition which was printed soon became exhausted. This fact was reported to the members of the Association while they were in Annual Meeting in 1 909 and a resolution was passed instructing the Secretary to revise the pam- phlet, incorporate the up-to-date show results and print a large enough number of second edition to supply all demands. Many features of interest have been added in form of contributions from eminent authorities on the cattle industry. The illustrations have been improved and new ones added in order to make the pamphlet more practical and instructive. Much could be written in form of elab- oration on the contents but the author feels sure the concise form will be preferred and appreciated by the majority of readers. The chief object of this pamphlet is for the purpose of setting forth the com- parative merits of the leading beef breeds in Great Britain and America. To treat this subject scientifically and practically in an exhaustive manner would require much more time than the average man of this busy age can afford, especially in America, thus only the essence of the facts that enter into the results of the past decade of British and American Shows and Expositions has been used. So much of a general nature has been written on the merits of the beef breeds that the theories or speculations constitute a mass of material that is like a mountain of bewilderment to the average cattleman. Elaboration for explanation of a theory is necessary; however, right at this point every practical and scientific cattleman should get fixed in mind the definition of the terms practical, scientific, theory and hypothesis. All arguments of the merits of all the beef breeds should be based on practical or scientific foundations. America is a country of science with practice, thus no up- to-date American should lag in the ruts of theory or listen to dreams that belong to the category of hypothesis. To avoid generalization and at the same time present the true merits of the Aberdeen-Angus breed of cattle, the results of the leading Live Stock Shows and Expositions have been used, where the leading beef breeds of cattle have been in direct competition in Great Britain and America. The past decade is considered the best criterion of the beef cattle industry in America; therefore the results ob- tained from such a period are without question a true index of the merits of the rival beef breeds. It is conceded by all leading cattle authorities that practical and scientific production of beef has reached a higher degree of excellence in Great Britain and America than in any other countries of the world. It is further conceded that the marvelous results obtained have been accomplished chiefly by the object lessons pre- sented at the great Live Stock Shows of Great Britain and America, such as the International Live Stock Exposition, Chicago, 111. ; American Royal Live Stock Show, Kansas City, Mo. ; Inter-State Show, St. Joseph, Mo. ; Western Stock Show, Denver, Colo.; National Stock Show, Fort Worth, Texas; Winter Fairs, Guelph, Ontario, and Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, etc., in America; London Smithfield Show and Birmingham Show in England ; Edinburgh and Aberdeen Shows in Scotland, and Dublin Show, Ireland. The data has been compiled with the utmost care from the official records of the various shows. The author feels greatly indebted to the Secretaries and Superintendents of British and American Shows, Breeder's Gazette, Banffshire Journal, Live Stock Journal Almanac, James E. Poole, James Brown, George Findlay, Patrick J. O'Neill, and Prof. Wayne Dinsmore for the courtesy and assistance rendered in form of valuable contributions and illustrations. Relation of Pure-Bred Aberdeen-Angus to the Cattle Industry. Great as has been the progress in every department of agriculture during comparatively recent years, there is probably no problem that deserves more at- tention or confronts the American people more forcibly than the production of meat animals, especially beef animals, to furnish food for the population of this gieat American nation, which is continually increasing at a rate nothing short of marvelous. The British people have been consistent beef-eaters for many generations, and it is conceded by leading authorities that the British people have progressed more rapidly during the time they have used meat as one of their chief foods than during any other period covering the same number of years. Many eminent writers and philosophers attribute the strength and success of the British people to the use of beef. The people of the United States are destined to be great because they possess much of the best blood of all the leading nations of the world and because the Americans have used meat more liberally as one of the chief foods of their diet than any other people. For these sound reasons no one should give heed to people with a fanatic turn of mind who instigate boycotts on packers and producers of beef. Yellow journalism has done much to stir the equilibrium or steadiness of the American farmer. Nearly everything in the country has been organized except the farmer, and he is rapidly being educated in a manner that will mean organization ultimately in a more gigantic form than anything that has yet been in evidence When such a time arrives, the pure-bred cattle interests and their Associations will be of such significance that they will be a power in this country in a measure that has scarcely been dreamed of by farmers, stockmen and those engaged in the cattle business. Some would-be authorities seem to be of the opinion that the pure-bred cattle business has reached its zenith. It only requires a little investigation, how- ever, to enlighten or convince anyone of such absurd ideas or vague conceptions of the pure-bred cattle industry. There are scarcely fifty million beef animals in the United States and con- siderably less than half a million pure-bred living registered animals in use for the purpose of improving the o.uahty of beef animals. In other words, there is only about one pure-bred animal to every one hundred grades and scrubs. A full realization of these facts should readily convince every breeder, stockman and farmer, as well as those interested in the cattle industry, that the pure-bred cattle business and the beef cattle Record Associations are on a sound, solid foundation, although merely in their infancy. It is not an uncommon thing to hear men of high positions in the sphere of the cattle industry question the merits of the use of pure-bred registered animals and the Record Associations. Those who have any doubt about the value of pure blood need only make a general survey of the improvement that has been wrought on the native and range cattle of our country during the past twenty-five or thirty years, or since pure blood has been permanently establisned. The great continual success of the fat stock shows of Great Britain are chiefly due to the systematic use of pure blood and the phenomenal success of the fat stock shows of the United States and Canada can be wholly attributed to the fertile brains of the pure-bred breeders who have labored as pioneers, as it were, without the assistance of Government legislation or assistance from leading capitalists. This immense cattle industry which has grown to such proportions and spread over such vast territories of this country has its sheet-anchor or foundation in the use of pure blood, and furthermore, it is dependent on the use of pure-bred animals in order to maintain the perfection it has already reached. There is nothing that will do more to attain greater perfection in beef cattle than the use of more pure- bred Aberdeen-Angus, or some of the other recognized beef breeds. If the pure- bred cattle Associations and their members were to forsake their noble work, such action would be a calamity to the cattle industry of this country and the noted specimens of beef animals would soon deteriorate to the old-time dogies and scrubs. The pure-bred cattle Associations and the systematic methods of keeping pure-bred animals are here to stay as long as our country continues to be a leader in the im- portant branch of agriculture known as live stock farming. Much more could be added in form of elaboration to show the intrinsic value and relation the pure-bred cattle have to other cattle and the industry in general; however, it is not deemed necessary, because the writer is fully convinced it is only the question of a short time until the real significance and power of the pure- bred beef cattle interests will be recognized and appreciated in a much higher degree by everyone interested in cattle, the Government, and the people of this country. Retrospective and Prospective of Beef Production By JAMES E. POOLE, Editor Chicago Live Stock World and Associate Editor of Breeder s Gazette. Beef making on the North American continent is in the transition stage. Its initial chapter began when European civilization took possession of the fertile Mis- sissippi Valley and closes with the termination of the era of cheap feed and free grass. A romantic chapter it is and as yet no historian has portrayed it properly. Gradually the settler, climbing over the Alleghenies, pushed his way strenuously toward the setting sun and, emerging from the dense forests of the Atlantic slope where nature was in resistant mood, found more general conditions. From Ohio to Iowa nature had provided a natural wealth of grass, free as air, and as an army travels on its belly so civilization crossed the continent on grass. The lowing herd represented almost the entire sum total of pioneer wealth and the European tidal wave, beating back the Red Man and the Bison, utilized and also dissipated this source of natur?.! wealth until not only free, but cheap grass is now a matter of history. The plow trailed behind the pioneer introducing cheap corn and, between these two commodities, beef, a comparative luxury all down through the ages became cheap for a brief period. How the grazing in- dustry of the short grass country from the Missouri River to the Sierras and the Mexican gulf away to the Alberta ranges developed and declined is very recent history. The present finds the beefmaker facing a new set of conditions, and having passed through the transition stage the industry will be on a more stable basis. Already evidence of this much-desired stability is conspicuous at the market. Confidence is returning, foresighted men are investing money in cattle and a pasture is regarded as good property. Beef scarcity prediction has been audible these many moons. Actually it exists in the sense that the feeder, the killer, and the consumer is gradually getting closer to the base of supply. Demonstration of this is seen in a growing scarcity of stock cattle, a radical change in the character of the spring stocker movement from the breeding grounds of the South to the maturing areas of the North. The two-year-old exodus of other years to the Northwest now stops at Kansas pastures, going thence to market the same season instead of being double wintered in the North. So inadequate is the stocker supply that Montana graziers, outbid on the Texas two-year-olds, have been compelled to cross the Rio Grande to secure Mexican cattle for the purpose of replenishing their depleted herds. Texas, full of aged cattle a few years ago, is now bare and at the great stocker markets, Chicago, Kansas City and Omaha, filling a country order is a difficult task. Stock cattle with quality were never as hard to find and prices have reached what many beefmakers regard as a prohibitory level. Securing a bunch of stockers in the 8 cornbelt by the old-time method of riding the country is now a futile task. Re- sponding to the incentive of high prices speculators have run a drag net through the South gathering a motley aggregation of "heretics" and "three-year-old yearlings" from every nook and cranny of the cottonbelt. Packers are daily cheating the feeder in a fierce rivalry to secure the lion's share of the limited supply available and scarcity, actual and impending, is emblazoned in characters of heroic size on the market horizon. This scarcity is now being accentuated by a rapidly de- veloping Pacific Coast and Alaskan demand, practically the entire winter-made crop of Montana beef having found the western outlet this year. Everywhere consumption is increasing by leaps and bounds and a prediction of return to cheap beef would not find credence anywhere, even if hazarded, and no such forecast would be ventured by anyone conversant with the facts. Obviously the major part of the beef supply of the future will be made in the Mississippi Valley. There will be production in a limited sense on both eastern and western slopes, but the great grass and grain belts must be depended on for the bulk. Tick eradication is yet a theory eliminating the South with its superb climate and abundant forage as a supply factor to a large extent. West of the Missouri River hay feeding and beef making on sugar mill by-product is increasing, but it is to the cornbelt proper that the beef eater must look for a constant supply. Wherever corn and blue grass thrive there beef will be made under ideal conditions and at minimum cost. Production on that basis will be reached, however, only when old-style methods have been abandoned and this justifies a prediction that silage will cut a wide swath in future beef making operations. Much has been said regarding the impossibility of breeding and raising beef cattle on cornbelt lands at present prices, but this has been proven a mere chimera as numerous instances may be cited where cattle breeding and beef making are being carried on at sub- stantial profit. It is a statement not open to dispute that when the present trans- ition process is completed home-bred cattle will be the rule instead of the exception. The pendulum swings as far in one direction as the other. Having gone bare, the country will devote itself to the replenishment process with characteristic Ameri- can energy. All that is needed is the incentive of remunerative paces and that the market is consistently furnishing. By the use of silage the feeding capacity of cornbelt land will be materially increased, eliminating to a considerable extent the handicap to feeding and breeding opera tions created by the recent appreciation in values. Already a general revolt against the slavery of the milk pail is detected. As an Englishman is reputed to love a lord, so does the American farmer like the steer and when that "critter" is able to pay his board he will be regarded as a good thing to have about the place. Much eloa.uence has been wasted on the subject of feed scarcity, a purely fortuitous circumstance and a condition that will be promptly remedied. A cattle- man of experience made this remark recently "We are entering on a period of abundant feed and cattle scarcity." Admitting the accuracy of the prediction the logical result will be reduced cost of beef production, so far as the feed bill is concerned, but how about the conversion machinery? As a matter of fact, current conditions in swine trade will be paralleled by the di- lemma in which the cattle feeder will shortly find himself. The country is today long on corn, but short on hogs wherewith to convert it into pork, a highly profit- able process. One or two bumper crops would fill every corncrib and stock yard in the country to the overflowing stage, but a new set of cattle cannot be produced in a season. That greatest of American iconoclasts, Jerry Simpson, of Kansas and sockless fame, once remarked that wonderful as were Nature's efforts creating a three-year-old steer in a week was impossible even with super-natural aid. The wise ones are promising a paucity of cattle at a stage when feed will be abundant and at that stage the breeder will be in an enviable position. On the wall is hand- writing to that effect in conspicuous characters. Witness the present dilemma of the western cattleman who yielded to the steer craze and abandoned breed- ing. Now he finds himself unable to replenish his herd and faces the alterna- tive of being forced out of business while the man who stuck to his breeding herd has merely to elevate his feet on his desk and book orders for his young cattle at any price he likes to name, within reason. What part the Aberdeen-Angus breed will play m the new era of beef pro- duction may easily be conjectured. That it will be a star part needs no demon- stration. Cattle are no longer required to rustle for a living in the West and with close herding the black breed will become as popular thereabouts as it has always been in the cornbelt feed lots. As "pound makers" they acknowledge no superior and their recognized popularity based on high-dressing qualities and beef excellence will prompt producers to show partiality for a breed that always gets the buyer's eye at the market. These black cattle are no strangers to the short grass country, although in a numeric sense they have occupied a minor position where grass beef has been produced. The late Nelson Morris and the X I T people have given cattledom abundant proof of the ability of the breed to thrive under Texas range conditions and when Aberdeen-Angus cattle have been taken North for maturing purposes they have done as well as other breeds with reputed superior rustling proclivities. Montana-bred Aberdeen-Angus cattle finished in Ill- inois were conspicuous performers on the I 909 market and the superlative display of black calves at the feeder exhibit of the 1 909 International from all sections of the trans-Missouri grazing country not only dispelled skepticism but furnished a valu- able object lesson of what the breed is capable of in that sphere. Preference tells its own story eloquently and when stock yaid buyers rids their horses lame in quest of fat black cattle and feeders do a similar stunt in the stocker division, no further evidence of merit is needed. A Chicago buyer whose score on the dressing sheet is consistently high, when asked recently why he showed such marked preference for "doddies," replied: "Because they ate honest bul- locks." Feeders, when sounded on the same topic, invariably reply that the Aber- deen-Angus is a "pound-maker," at least that was the expression recently used by an Illinois man with a market-topping reputation. In the chill room the carcass of an Aberdeen-Angus steer always interests the beef men. "Perhaps you think these retail butchers are not wise," said a beef salesman in one of packingtown's cavernous coolers, "but in my experience I have been able to deceive few of them. They will go straight to an Aberden-Angus carcass as a bee darts for its hive and the reason they assign is that they cut to best advantage." In looking up the market-top record, Aberdeen-Angus cattle will be found to have claimed it in a majority of cases. In answer to the inquiry, "What topped the market?" The usual answer is "a bunch of black ones." Whether as yearlings or two-year-olds, they are conspicuous at the market. It is now conceded that in future beef-making operations silage must play a prominent part and experiments conducted by W. A. Cochel at the Indiana Station have demonstrated that black cattle take to silage as does a duck to water. Two years ago Cochel brought a bunch of Aberdeen-Angus yearlings to Purdue University from Missouri for preparation for the short-fed contest at the Chicago International. At that juncture a severe drought set in and the experimenter nulli- fied its effect by using silage. When the cattle entered the show sale ring at Chicago in December they outsold all their dry-fed competitors of other breeds and earned more money than many cattle that had been in the finishing process for months. Aberdeen-Angus cattle fed silage as roughage have been light shrinkers in transit and big percentage yielders on the hooks. There is always a paucity of black feeding cattle at the market. Aberdeen- Angus bulls in a dairy herd produce black calves that are polled in a majority of cases and even these "counterfeits" as they are popularly dubbed in contradistinction to pure breds and high grades, command a premium. Stockmen are at all times un- able to fill their orders for black calves, and usually the feeder who tops the fat cattle market with "doddies" was also the breeder. Occupying a somewhat circumscribed sphere on this continent in the past, the Aberdeen-Angus breed has asserted its superior qualities so emphatically that no possible doubt can be entertained as to its future. it is, par excellence, the beef- making breed. KING ELLSWORTH An Aberdeen- Angus Product of Kansas. 1909 International Live Stock Exposition Grand Champion Steer over all Breeds. Fed ami Exhibited by Kansas State College. DOCTOR GWINN. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Ohio. 1909 International Live Stock Exposition Champion Grade Steer over all Breeds. Fed and Exhibited by Mart L. McCoy. 12 Chicago International Live Stock Exposition Awards Grades and Cross-Breds Competition Limited to Steers, Spayed or Martin Heifers 1900 Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. class. Angus ratin g rating rating rating 1234 1234 123 4 1234 33 several not shown: 2 years and under 3 0200 0000 1034 0000 48 several not shown : I year and under 2 1030 0004 0000 0a2 00 25 several not shown: under 1 vear 000 0000 1004 0b2c3 7 shown: herd .' 2 00 0004 1030 0000 A Hereford-Shorthorn B Hereford-Holstein c Aberdeen-Angus-Galloway. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred Grade Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Hereford. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Hereford. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Hereford. Reserve animal under 1 year Hereford. Grand champion single animal of the show Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Aberdeen- Angus. 1901 Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL entries. class. Angus rating rating rating rating 1234 1234 1234 1234 38 several not shown: 2 years and under 3 1000 0034 0200 0000 25 several not shown; senior yearling 230 0000 1004 0000 20 several not shown: junior yearling 000 1230 0004 0000 13 two not shown: senior calf 000 1200 0034 0000 16 several not shown: junior calf 200 0004 1000 O0a3 8 shown; herd 204 0030 1000 0000 A Breed unknown. Champion animal (g> ade or cross-bred) Grade Hereford. Reserve animal (g.ade or cross-bred) Grade Aberdeen- Angus. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Shorthorn. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Hereford. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal unde" 1 year Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal under I year Aberdeen-Angus. Grand champion single animal of the show Hereford. Reserve Champion single animal of ihe show Aberdeen- Angus. 13 1902. Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. CLASS. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 29 several not shown: 2 years and under 3. .10045 00300 02000 00000 24 several not shown: senior yearling 12040 00000 00305 00000 25 several not shown: junior yearling 12005 00000 00340 00000 19 several not shown: senior calf 0000 00300 12045 00000 8 two not shown: junior calf 2005 00300 10040 00000 8 shown herd 10040 00000 02300 00000 Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Shorthorn. Champion animal I year old and under 2 Hereford. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal under I year Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal under 1 year Hereford. Champion herd of the show Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve herd of the show Aberdeen-Angus. Grand champion single animal of the show Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Hereford. 1903. Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. CLASS. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 34 several not shown: 2 years and under 3.. 2005 00000 10300 00 0z4 19 several not shown: senior yearling 10000 00305 02040 00000 20 several not shown: junior yearling 02300 00000 10045 00000 27 several not shown: senior calf 2345 00000 10000 00000 12 several not shown: junior calf 0305 00040 00000 *1*2 9 shown, herd 02340 00000 10000 00000 15 several not shown, get of one sire 0300 00000 12000 00000 *Shorthorn-Galloway. zGalloway. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Hereford. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Hereford. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Hereford. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Hereford. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Hereford. Champion animal under 1 year Hereford. Reserve animal under 1 year Aberdeen-Angus. Champion herd of the show Hereford. Reserve herd of the show Aberdeen-Angus. *Grand champion single animal of the show Hereford. Reserve champion single animal of the show Aberdeen- Angus. *Some authorities claim this animal correctly belongs in mixed class. 14 1904. Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. CLASS. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 32 several not shown : 2 years and under 3. .00005 10040 02300 00000 23 several not shown: senior yearling 10340 00000 02005 00000 21 several not shown: junior yearling 0000 00000 00345 *1*2 20 several not shown: senior calf 02305 00000 10000 00 0z4 10 several not shown: junior calf 0000 00040 00305 *1*2 14 shown: herd 003 00 00000 10040 0b2 000 1 1 shown: get of one sire 2000 00000 00300 xlOOOO *Shorthorn-Galloway. bMixed herd. xM'.xed or cross-bred. zGalloway. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Shorthorn. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Shorthorn-Galloway. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Hereford. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Shorthorn-Galloway. Champion animal under 1 year Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal under 1 year Grade Hereford. Champion herd of the show Aberdeen- Angus. Grand champion single animal of the show Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Hereford. 1905. Aberdeen- Shorlhorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL entries. class. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 25 several not shown: 2 years and under 3. .12 000 00040 00305 00000 12 one not shown: senior yearling 2345 00000 10000 00000 24 several not shown: junior yearling 12000 00000 00045 0a3 00 26 several not shown: senior calf 12000 00300 00045 00000 17 several not shown: junior calf 10000 00000 00045 0a2c3 10 shown: herd 02 04 00000 0000 *I0d3 9 shown: 2 et of one sire 12300 00000 00000 00000 *^4fcerJeen-y4ngus-Shorthorn-Galloway. cAberdeen-Angus-hlereiord. DBreed unknown. AShorthorn-Galloway. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Grade Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Hereford. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Hereford. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen- Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Hereford. Reserve animal under 1 year Aberdeen-Angus. Champion herd of the show ^JterJeen-zlngus-Shorthorn-Galloway. Grand champion single animal of the show Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Hereford. 15 1906. Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. class. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 28 two not shown: 2 years and under 3. ...10045 02000 00000 0a3 00 21 several not shown: senior yearling 00300 02000 00045 *1 22 several not shown: junior vearling 10000 00300 02005 00 0b4 16 two not shown: senior calf 12305 00000 00040 00000 13 several not shown: junior calf 10040 00000 02000 0c3 0*5 9 shown- he-d 2300 00000 10000 00 0d4 7 shown: get of one sire 02 3 00 00000 10000 00000 cShorlhorn-Angus. AGalloway. DBreed unknown. *Hereford-Angus. BShorthorn-Gal- Ioway. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Hereford- Aberdeen- Angus. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Shorthorn. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Hereford. Champion herd of the show Aberdeen- Anfus. Reserve herd of the show Mixed herd — Breed unknown. Grand champion single animal of the show Hereford. Reserve champion single animal of the show Aberdeen-Angus. 1907. Aberdeen- Shorlhorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. CLASS. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 37 several not shown: 2 years and under 3.. 0340 00000 02005 *1 15 two not shown: senior yearling 2340 00005 10000 00000 35 several not shown: junior yearling 0300 00000 12040 000 0a5 21 several not shown: senior calf 2300 10005 00040 00000 8 one not shown: junior calf 12000 00000 00345 00000 9 shown: herd 2340 00000 10000 00000 17 shown: get of one sire 12300 00000 00000 00000 *A berdeen- Angus- Shorthorn. AAberdeen-A ngus-Hereford. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Shorthorn. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Aberdeen- Angus-Shorthorn. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen- Angus. Champion animal 1 year and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Grade Shorthorn. Champion herd of the show Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve herd of the show Hereford. Grand champion single animal of the show Grade Shorlhorn. Rerserve champion single animal of the show Aberdeen- Angus. 16 1908. Aberdeen- Shorlhorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. class. Angus rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 33 several not shown: 2 years and under 3.. 2300 00005 10040 00000 14 two not shown: senior yearling 02045 10000 00300 00000 37 several not shown: junior yearling 12305 00040 000 00000 20 several not shown: senior calf 0005 12340 00000 00000 23 several not shown: junior calf 12000 00005 00340 00000 9 shown: herd 10300 02040 00000 00000 10 shown: get of one sire 2000 10000 00300 00000 Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Shorthorn. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Hereford. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Shorthorn. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen- Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal under 1 year Hereford. Champion herd of the show Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve herd of the show Hereford. Grand champion single animal of the show Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Grade Shorthorn. 1909. Aberdeen- Shorthorn Hereford Mixed TOTAL ENTRIES. class. Angus rating rating ra'ing rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 1 7 2 years and under 3 10340 02005 00000 00000 12 Senior yearling 2 040 00305 10000 00000 31 Junior yearling 10345 02000 00000 00000 20 Senior calf 0040 00000 02005 *1 0a3 12 Junior calf 02 3 40 00005 10000 00000 9 Herd 10300 00000 00000 0b2 0c4 17 Get of one sire 12000 00000 00300 00000 *Hereford-^4 berdeen-Angus. AHereford-Shorthorn. BMixed — 1 Shorthorn and 2 Aberdeen- Angus. cMixed — I grade Aberdeen-Angus, I grade Hereford, 1 cross-bred Hereford-^ berdeen- Angus. Champion animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal (grade or cross-bred) Grade Hereford. Champions by Ages (Pure-breds, Grades and Cross-breds Competing). Champion animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal 2 years old and under 3 Aberdeen- Angus. Champion animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve animal 1 year old and under 2 Aberdeen-Angus. Champion animal under 1 year Hereford-Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve animal under I year Shorthorn. Champion herd of the show Aberdeen- Angus. Reserve herd of the show Hereford. Grand champion single animal of the show Aberdeen-Angus. Reserve champion single animal of the show Aberdeen-Angus. 17 Grand Champion Single Steer Awards Year. breed. per lb. 1900 Aberdeen-Angus $1.50 1901 Hereford 50 1902 Aberdeen-Angus 56 1903 Mixed (Hereford) ... .26 1904 Aberdeen-Angus 36 1905 Aberdeen-Angus 25 1906 Hereford not sold 1907 Shorthorn 24 1908 Aberdeen-Angus 26y 2 1909 Aberdeen-Angus 18 NAME OF ANIMAL. Advance Wood's Principal.... Shamrock Challenger Clear Lake Jute 2d. . Blackrock Peerless Wilton 39th's Defender Roan King Fyvie Knight King Ellsworth NAME OF EXHIBITOR. Stanley R. Pierce, Creston, 111. Geo. P. Henry, Goodenow, 111. Iowa State College. University of Nebraska. University of Minnesota. Iowa State College. F. A. Nave, Attica, Ind. Jas. Leask, Greenbank, Ont., Can. Purdue University. Kansas State College. Summary of Single Steer, Spayed or Martin Heifer Competition A list of awards of the single steer competition reveals some interesting features of the sub- stantial and steady growth the Aberdeen-Angus breed has made since the inception of the Inter- national Exposition. At the first few Expositions the Hereford and Shorthorn breeds seem to have been more in evidence in the money positions than they have been in recent years. A brief synopsis of ten Expositions is as follows: Out of two hundred and ninety-three possible places Aberdeen-Angus won 43 per cent, Herefords 31 per cent, Shorthorns 15 per cent, Galloways 1 per cent, mixed 9.5 per cent. In competition for Championships, out of ten possible Championships for Grades and Cross- breds, Aberdeen- Angus won four, Herefords two, Shorthorns three, mixed Hereford- Angus one, and in the same class only eight Reserves were reported, which were won as follows: Aberdeen- Angus two, Herefords four, one mixed Shorthorn-Galloway, and one mixed Aberdeen- Angus- Shorthorn. Out of ten possible Grand Championships and ten Reserves (competition open to pure- breds, grades and cross-breds) Aberdeen-Angus won six of each, Herefords three of each, and Shorthorns one of each. Out of eight Grand Champion steer herd prizes, Aberdeen-Angus won six, Herefords one, and a mixed herd of v4fcerJeen-v4rtgus-Shorthorn-Galloway one. Only six of the eight Reserve Grand Champion steer herd prizes were reported, two being won by Aberdeen-Angus, three by Herefords, one by a mixed herd. Out of thirty possible Champion awards by ages (pure-breds, grades and cross-breds com- peting) Aberdeen-Angus won seventeen, Herefords nine, Shorthorns three, mixed Hereford- Aberdeen-Angus one, and out of the twenty-three Reserves which were reported Aber- deen-Angus won eleven, Herefords eight, Shoi thorns three, mixed (Shorthorn-Galloway) one. Out of the grand total of one hundred and five Champion awards Aberdeen-Angus won fifty-four, Herefords thirty-three, Shorthorns eleven, mixed seven. These facts should serve as conclusive proof of the superior merits of the Aberdeen-Angus breed in the single steer competition. IS FYVIE KNIGHT. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Indiana. 190S International Live Stock Exposition Grand Champion Steer over all Breeds. Exhibited by Purdue University. SHAMROCK. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Iowa. 1902 International Live Stock Exposition Grand Champion Steer over all Breeds. Exhibited by Iowa State College. 19 CLEAR LAKE JUTE 2d. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Minnesota. 1904 International Live Stock Exposition Grai.d Champion Steer over all Breeds. Fed and Exhibited bv University of Minnesota. STEER HERD. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Kansas. 1909 International Live Stock Exposition Grand Champion Steer Herd Over All Breeds. Fed and Exhibited by Kansas State College. 20 Aberdeen-Angus Market Popularity By PATRICK J. O'NEILL, Cattle Buyer for Morris & Co. No more effective tribute to the outstanding merit of Aberdeen-Angus cattle could be desired than the partiality shown for them by the late Nelson Morris, who was as good a judge of cattle as ever bred, bought, sold or slaughtered them. He demonstrated on his Texas pastures that they were virile and fecund. As a distillery feeder he showed them to be weight-makers and when they were available at the market he was always an avid bidder. It is not necessary to relate what Mr. Morris did with his Aberdeen-Angus cattle on his breeding ground in Texas nor in maturing them on his pastures in the Northwest. He was never accused of being a sentimentalist and he preferred Ab- erdeen-Angus cattle because they were money makers. He was always ready to assert their superiority as range cattle, under the conditions in which he handled them, and could back up his assertions by convincing figures. He often said that of his numerous investments the most lucrative was his herd of Aberdeen-Angus breeding cattle. As a buyer I like none better. They have points of superiority that are generally conceded. The buyer who sends a load of blacks over to the slaughter house does so without apprehension that the dressing sheet will be accompanied by a "roast." The beef man likes them because retailers pick out an Aberdeen-An- gus carcass with remarkable precision, and, owing to its superior cutting qualities pay the prices without haggling. And my association with cattle feeders has con- vinced me that the black steer is as popular in the feed lot as it is at the stock yards or on the beefmarket after it has been converted into edible product. To be brief, market popularity of Aberdeen-Angus cattle is due to their uni- form dressing quality and account sales of the beef, which is the supreme test. Instead of putting on exterior gobs of fat Aberdeen-Angus steers ripen evenly, the result being the marbling process so fighly prized by retail trade. An excess of outside fat is always prejudicial to (he sale of the beef, especially if lumpy. Nothing arouses the ire of the purchaser more than the paring away of outside fat and as it is not edible no alternative exists. The item of waste is an important one to the retailer, also, and in the case of Aberdeen-Angus product it is reduced to a minimum. Aberdeen-Angus are small boned, which also means much to the butcher. In common with stock yard buyers I like Aberdeen-Angus cattle. By gen- eral consent they wear the stamp of butchers' approval. This means more to the grower and feeder than may appear on the surface as a ready outlet is a distinct advantage. All things being equal, the finished delegation of black cattle in a big run will be the advance squad over the scales. Why Butchers Like Black Cattle By JAMES BROWN, Chief Cattle Buyer for Armour & Co.; Judge of Fat Carload Lots, 1909, International Live Stock Exposition. An Aberdeen-Angus steer is an ideal animal from the butchers' standpoint. Asked which is the best breed a cattle buyer is naturally averse to positive com- mitment as a good bullock of any of the breeds is desirable, but the npe Aberdeen- Angus has no superior. The average market performance of black cattle as indi- cated by the price list, demonstrates their quality. The meat marbles well, they are high dressers, being short-legged and chunky and the meat is in the right place, with a high percentage of choice cuts. That is why butchers like them. They cut up with minimum waste on the block, hence the popularity of beef carcasses that have been divested of black hides with the retailer. The better bred a black steer is the more creditable is its performance both in the feed lot and shambles. Buyers are, of necessity, impartial as to breeds. Their mission is to get good cattle regardless of color or history. "Blood will tell," as the saying goes, and when a buyer locates a drove of well-bred, finished Aberdeen-Angus he knows that he has an opportunity to buy something. They are smooth, the proportion of weight in loin and rib is uniformly heavy and they are seldom paunchy. Opinion of a Chicago Buyer By HENRY DU PLAN, S. & 5. Cattle Buyer; Judge of Fat Carload Lots, 1907, International Live Stock Exposition. No better cattle come to market than Aberdeen-Angus. A load of black bullocks of the same quality and finish as a load of any other kind will invariably elicit a bid 1 cents higher than the buyer would feel justified in offering for others. He has by long experience determined, in his own mind, at least, that results justify him in doing this. The statement that the "black" is an "honest bullock" explains this. When he starts a load of black ones toward the scales he does it with the conviction that he has not booked himself for a calling down when the dressing sheet has been filled out. Not only will he get a high percentage of beef, but it will be good meat, and when displayed on the hooks will attract the eye of the retailer, a more critical buyer than the laymen imagine. One reason why the butcher is partial to them is that they are fine-boned and when an experienced retailer enters a beef cooler to select material to replenish his stock he invariably begins a patient search for the black ones, frequently sur- prising beef men by the certainty with which he picks them out of the mass. A black carcass is always a nice carcass and my experience justifies me in stating that there are fewer counterfeits in this breed than any other. 22 An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Iowa. !i"ui(l Champion Carload of Pat Steers over all Breeds at Pittsburg Fat Stock Show. Bred, Fed and Exhibited by Charles Escher, Sr.. and Sold at World's Record Price. 2iy 2 c Per Pound. ! NO|Pi SEED C( A ~%^ An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Illinois. Grand Champion Carload Fat Steers over all Breeds at 1906 International Live Stock Exposition. Fed and Exhibited by Funk Bros., and Sold at 17c Per Pound by Clay, Robinson & Co., which is the Record Price for a Carload at Chicago. 23 Chicago International Live Stock Exposition Fat Carload Lot Awards Competition Open to Steers and Heifers of Any Breed. In the classification for Carload Lots the United States and Canada are divided into six Districts, and the territory which each District comprises is as follows: Northwest District: Washington, Oregon, California (north of the quarantine), Idaho, Nevada and Utah and the Territories and Provinces of Northwest Canada. North Central District: Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota. South Central District: Colorado and that part of the states of Kansas and Nebraska lying west of the ninety-eighth degree of longitude. Southwest District: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and that part of Texas and Old Mexico lying north of the United States quarantine line. Soulhern District: All that part of the United Slates and Mexico lying south of the United States quarantine line. Eastern District: Animals to compete under this head may have been bred in any part of the world not provided for in the foregoing five districts. 1900. Tolal and No. Aberdeen- of Entries Angus of each Breed. District. Class. rating 1 2 3 1 Shorthorn; Northwest; 3 years and over 1 Aberdeen-Angus : North Central; 2 years and under 3 1 2 Both Mixed: North Central; 1 year and under 2 1 Hereford 2 I Shorthorn: South Central; 3 years and over 000 020 100 000 3 All Aberdeen-Angus : South Central; 2 years and under 3. . 1 2 3 3 All Herefords: Southwest; 3 years and over 2 Aberdeen-Angus. 3 1 Hereford: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 023 000 100 000 1 Shortorn: Southern; 2 years and under 3 000 100 000 000 3 All Shorthorn: Southern; 1 year and under 2 000 123 000 00 U ! Aberdeen-Angus 1 Shorthorn 3 1 Hereford: Eastern; 3 years and over 003 020 100 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus I Hereford 3 I breed unknown : Eastern ; 2 years and under 3 100 000 020 0*3 I Hereford 3 2 Shorthorns: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 000 103 020 000 Champion Fat Carloads by Ages. Champion Fat Carloads; 3 years or over 000 000 123 000 Champion Fat Carloads; 2 years and under 3 100 000 020 0*3 Champion Fat Carloads; 1 year and under 003 I 00 000 0^2 Grand Champion Carload of the Show— Aberdeen-Angus. *Breed unknown, t Hereford-Shorthorn. 24 Short- Here- horn ford Mixed rating rating rating 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1901 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating ra.ing 123 123 123 123 1 Aberdeen- Angus: Northwest; 3 years and over 100 000 000 000 1 Hereford: Northwest; 2 years and under 3 00 000 100 000 1 Mixed: North Central; 3 years and over 00 000 000 100 2 Aberdeen- Angus 1 Hereford 4 1 breed unknown: North Central; 2 years and under 3. ...120 000 003 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 1 Hereford: North Central; 1 year and under 2 20 000 100 000 1 Hereford: South Central; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 I Aberdeen-Angus: South Central; 2 years and under 3 100 000 000 000 I Hereford: Southwest; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 5 2 breed unknown: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 03 000 120 000 I Aberdeen-Angus 1 Hereford 1 Mixed 8 5 breed unknown: Southwest; I year and under 2 20 000 003 100 1 Shorthorn: Southern; 3 years and over 00 100 000 000 3 All Shorthorns: Southern; 2 years and under 3 00 123 000 000 2 Both Shorthorns: Southern; 1 year and under 2 00 120 000 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 1 Shorthorn 1 Mixed 5 2 breed unknown: Eastern; 3 years and over 20 100 000 003 12 Aberdeen- Angus 21 9 breed unknown: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 123 000 000 000 13 Aberdeen-Angus Herefords 30 Shorthorns: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 02 003 100 000 Number of Herefords and Shorthorns unknown. Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 1 Aberdeen-Angus 1 Hereford 3 1 Shorthorn: 3 years and over 02 003 100 000 2 Aberdeen-Angus 3 1 Hereford: 2 years and under 3 02 3 000 100 000 2 Herefords 3 I Mixed: 1 year and under 2 000 000 103 020 Grand champion carload of the show — Herefords. 25 1902 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 I breed unknown: North Central; 2 years and under 3. ...100 000 000 0*2 3 All Aberdeen-Angus North Central; I year and under 2. ..123 000 000 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 1 Shorthorn: South Central; 2 years and under 3 20 100 000 000 4 Herefords 5 1 breed unknown: South Central; 1 year and under 2. ..000 000 123 000 3 All Herefords: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 00 000 123 000 2 Both Herefords: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 00 000 120 000 2 Both Shorthorns; Southern; 3 years and over 000 120 000 000 Mixed load 1 Shorthorn and Hereford; Southern; 2 years and under 3. .000 000 000 100 3 Herefords 4 1 Shorthorn: Southern; 1 year and under 2 00 100 023 000 4 Aberdeen Angus 3 Herefords 4 Shorthorns 12 1 Mixed: Easlern; 3 years and over 20 100 003 000 16 Aberdeen-Angus 1 1 Herefords 12 Shorthorns 42 3 breed unknown: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 103 020 000 000 15 Aberdeen- Angus 7 Herefords 5 Shorthorns 33 6 breed unknown: Eastern; I year and under 2 020 000 103 000 *Breed unknown. Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 2 Both Shorthorns: 3 years and over 00 120 000 000 I Aberdeen- Angus I Hereford 3 1 Shorthorn : 2 years and under 3 100 003 020 000 1 Aberdeen- Angus 3 2 Herefords: 1 year and under 2 03 000 120 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen- Angus. 26 1903 Total and No. Aberdeen- of Entries Angus of each Breed. District. Class. rating 1 2 3 2 Both Aberdeen- Angus ; North Central; 2 y'rs and under 3 . . 1 2 1 Hereford: South Central; 3 years or over 9 Breed unknown: South Central; 2 years and under 3 3 5 Breed unknown: South Central; 1 year and under 2 3 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 I Shorthorn: Southwest; 3 years or over 2 5 Breed unknown: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 3 6 All Herefords: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 1 Hereford: Southern; 3 years or over 1 Hereford: Southern; 1 year and under 2 2 Aberdeen-Angus I Shorthorn 21 18 Breed unknown: Eastern; 3 years or over 2 3 38 Breed unknown: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 1 3 Breed unknown: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 *A load of yearling Galloways won second prize in South Central Short- Here- horn ford Mixed rating rating rating 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 0*2 I 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 District. Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 2 Herefords 3 1 Shorthorn: 3 years or over 1 Aberdeen-Angus 3 2 Herefords : 2 years and under 3 1 3 All Herefords: 1 year and under 2 Grand champion carload of the show — Herefords. 100 023 000 2 3 12 3 1904 3 All Herefords: North Central; 3 years or over 1 Aberdeen-Angus 3 2 Herefords: South Central; 1 year and under 2 2 1 Aberdeen-Angus 5 4 Herefords: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 2 3 All Herefords: Southwest; I year and under 2 1 Shorthorn: Southern; 3 years or over 2 Both Herefords: Southern; I year and under 2 3 All Shorthorns: Eastern; 3 years or over 8 Aberdeen-Angus 1 Hereford 10 1 Shorthorn: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 1 2 3 6 Aberdeen-Angus 8 Herefords 19 5 Shorthorns: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 I 3 Champion Fat Carloads by Ages Breed unknown: 3 years or over 2 9 Aberdeen-Angus 8 Herefords 18 1 Shorthorn: 2 years and under 3 I 7 Aberdeen-Angus 12 Herefords 24 5 Shorthorns: 1 year and under 2 1 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen-Angus. 27 000 123 000 000 103 000 1 1 2 3 1 10 3 12 3 12 000 000 000 000 020 000 3 2 3 000 023 000 Here- ford Mixed rating rating 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1905 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- of Entries Angus horn of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating 12 3 12 3 1 Hereford: North Central; 3 years and over 000 000 1 Hereford: North Central; 2 years and under 3 000 000 2 Both Hereford: North Central; 1 year and under 2 000 000 I Shorthorn: South Central; 3 years and over 000 1 00 2 Herefords 3 1 Galloway: South Central; 2 years and under 3 12 0*3 2 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 5 1 Galloway: South Central; I year and under 2 10 3 0*2 1 Hereford: Southwest; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 1 Hereford: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 00 000 100 000 7 All Herefords: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 00 000 123 000 1 Hereford 2 1 Shorthorn: Southern; 3 years and over 000 020 100 000 4 Herefords: Southern; 2 years and under 3 000 000 123 000 4 Herefords 5 1 Shorthorn: Southern; 1 year and under 2 00 000 123 000 2 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 8 4 Shorthorns: Eastern; 3 years and over 20 003 100 000 8 Aberdeen- Angus 1 Hereford 10 1 Shorthorn: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 123 000 000 000 7 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 13 4 Shorthorns: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 020 103 000 000 *A load of yearling Galloways won second prize in South Central District; also third prize in same District in 2-year-old class. Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 3 All Herefords: 3 years and over 00 000 123 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 3 2 Herefords: 2 years and under 3 100 000 023 000 2 Herefords 3 I Shorthorn: I year and under 2 000 020 103 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen-Angus. 28 1906 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 2 Both Herefords: North Central; 2 years and under 3 000 000 120 000 2 Both Herefords: North Central; I year and under 2 000 000 120 000 1 Hereford: South Central; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 2 Both Herefords: South Central; 2 years and under 3 000 000 120 000 2 Aberdeen-Angus 3 1 Hereford: South Central; 1 year and under 2 120 000 003 000 2 Herefords 3 1 Shorthorn: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 00 020 103 000 7 Herefords 8 1 Shorthorn: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 00 100 023 000 3 All Herefords: Southern; 1 year and under 2 00 000 123 000 6 Aberdeen-Angus 3 Herefords 3 Shorthorns 1 3 1 Galloway : Eastern ; 3 years and over 100 003 020 000 10 Aberdeen-Angus 4 Herefords 15 1 Shorthorn: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 123 000 000 000 7 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 10 Shorthorns 22 3 Mixed: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 100 020 003 000 Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 1 Aberdeen-Angus 2 1 Hereford: 3 years and over 02 000 100 000 1 Aberdeen-Angus 4 3 Herefords: 2 years and under 3 100 000 023 000 2 Aberdeen- Angus 2 Herefords 5 1 Shorthorn: 1 year and under 2 100 003 020 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen-Angus. 29 1907 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 4 All Herefords: North Central; 3 years or over 00 000 123 000 1 Hereford: North Central; 2 years and under 3 00 000 100 000 2 Herefords 3 I Shorthorn: North Central; 1 year and under 2 00 100 023 000 3 Herefords I Shorthorn 5 1 Aberdeen- Angus: South Central; 3 years or over 00 003 120 000 3 Herefords 5 2 Galloways: South Central; 2 years and under 3 000 000 100 0*2 3 6 Herefords 8 2 Aberdeen-Angus: South Central; I year and under 2.. ..0 00 000 123 000 2 Both Herefords: Southwest; 3 years or over 00 000 120 000 1 Hereford: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 00 000 100 000 8 Herefords 10 2 Shorthorns: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 00 100 023 000 2 Both Herefords: Southern; 2 years and under 3 00 000 120 000 2 Both Herefords: Southern; 1 year and under 2 00 000 120 000 4 Aberdeen- Angus 4 Shorthorns 12 4 Herefords: Eastern; 3 years or over 020 003 100 000 13 Aberdeen- Angus 3 Herefords 17 1 Shorthorn: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 120 003 000 000 6 Aberdeen- Angus 10 Herefords 19 3 Shorthorns: Eastern; I year and under 2 100 000 023 000 *Galloways won second and third prizes in 2-year-old class in South Central District. Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 4 All Herefords: 3 years or over 00 000 123 00U 1 Aberdeen- Angus 5 4 Herefords: 2 years and under 3 100 000 023 000 1 Aberdeen- Angus 2 Herefords 5 2 Shorthorns: I year and under 2 100 003 020 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen- Angus. 30 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1908 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 3 Herefords 4 1 Galloway: North Central; 2 years and under 3 00 000 123 000 1 Hereford: North Central; 1 year and under 2 1 Hereford: South Central; 3 years or over 2 Both Herefords: South Central; 2 years and under 3....0 3 Aberdeen-Angus 5 2 Herefords: South Central; 1 year and under 2 103 000 020 000 2 Both Herefords: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 1 Hereford: Southwest; 1 year and under 2 2 Both Herefords: Southern; 2 years and under 3 1 Hereford: Southern; I year and under 2 2 Aberdeen- Angus 3 Shorthorns 2 Herefords 8 I Mixed: Eastern: 3 years or over 100 020 003 000 9 Aberdeen- Angus 10 1 Hereford: Eastern; 2 years and under 3 123 000 000 000 5 Aberdeen- Angus 3 Shorthorns 7 Herefords 16 1 Mixed: Eastern; 1 year and under 2 100 023 000 00Q Champion Fat Carloads by Ages 1 Aberdeen- Angus 2 1 Hereford: 3 years or over 100 000 020 000 1 Aberdeen- Angus 5 4 Herefords: 2 years and under 3 100 000 023 000 2 Aberdeen- Angus 5 3 Herefords: 1 year and under 2 100 000 023 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Aberdeen- Angus. Jl 1909 Total and No. Aberdeen- Short- Here- of Entries Angus horn ford Mixed of each Breed. District. Class. rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 1 Hereford: North Central; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 1 Hereford: South Central; 3 years and over 00 000 100 000 3 Herefords 5 2 Shorthorns: South Central; 2 years and under 3 000 003 120 000 1 Shorthorn: South Central; I year and under 2 00 100 000 000 3 All Herefords: Southwest; 3 years and over 00 000 123 000 6 All Herefords: Southwest; 2 years and under 3 00 000 123 000 1 Aberdeen- Angus 2 Herefords 4 1 Shorthorn: Southwest; I year and under 2 003 100 020 000 3 Aberdeen-Angus 2 Herefords 6 I Grade or Cross: Eastern; 3 years and over 120 000 000 0*3 7 Aberdeen- Angus 6 1 Shorthorn: Eastern: 2 years and under 3 123 000 000 000 10 Aberdeen-Angus 5 Herefords 22 7 Shorthorns: Eastern; I year and under 2 23 100 000 000 Champion Fat Carloads by Ages I Aberdeen-Angus 4 3 Herefords: 3 years and over 03 000 120 000 1 Aberdeen- Angus 3 2 Herefords: 2 years and under 3 100 000 023 000 3 All Shorthorns: 1 year and under 2 00 123 000 000 Grand Champion Carload of the Show — Shorthorn. Reserve Grand Champion Carload — Aberdeen- Angus. *Grade or Cross. Breed unknown. Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot Awards Price Year BREED Per Cwt. NAME OF EXHIBITOR. 1909 Shorthorn $15.00 Keays & Oglesby, Elkhart, 111. 1908 Aberdeen-Angus 11.00 Funk Bros., Bloomington, III. 1907 Aberdeen-Angus 8.00 Claus Krambeck, Marne, Iowa. 1906 Aberdeen-Angus 17.00 Funk Bros., Bloomington, 111. 1905 Aberdeen-Angus 8.65 Claus Krambeck, Marne, Iowa. 1904 Aberdeen-Angus 10.00 Claus Krambeck, Marne, Iowa. 1903 Hereford 8.35 W. F. Herrin, Buffalo, 111. 1902 Aberdeen-Angus 14.50 Chas. Escher, Sr., Manning, la. 1901 Hereford 12.00 D. W. Black, Lyndon, Ohio. 1900 Aberdeen-Angus 15.50 L. H. Kerrick, Bloomington, 111. 32 Chicago International Live Stock Exposition Comparative Average Prices of Fat Carload Lots at Auction by Breeds 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1904 O OOuj^ NAME OF BREED. j |j ] .8 J 1 | J j | cj £ | £ ^ a, D-d D-6 0- '„? < Z Z Z Z Hm £ Aberdeen-Angus 48 $5 96 1 7 $7 94 32 $8 22 18 $7 29 244 $8 10 Hereford 24 5 99 11 7 48 22 8 23 17 6 29 254 7 54 Shorthorn 23 5 61 II 7 45 10 7 74 13 6 25 126 7 52 Galloway 2 6 05 2 6 45 12 6 93 Mixed, Texans and cows 22 5 64 2 7 22 1 2 7 60 1 6 00 51 6 32 33 Summary of Fat Carload Lot Competition The foregoing table shows clearly that in point of number ci awards the Herefords are far in the lead of any other breed, which substantiates the claims of the zealous advocates of this breed. The feature or question, however, that should interest not only Aberdeen-Angus breeders, but also breeders of all beef breeds and cattle feeders in general, is how much actual competition did each breed have? An analysis of the above table gives quite a different conclusion than may be gleaned from it by a superficial observance. Out of the total number of 287 awards, Aberdeen- Angus won 2 7 firsts, 29 seconds, 21 thirds; Herefords 68 firsts, 44 seconds, 31 thirds; Shorthorns 24 firsts, 1 5 seconds, 1 4 thirds ; Galloways 3 seconds, 2 thirds ; mixed 4 firsts, 2 seconds, 3 thirds. The interesting feature of the Fat Carload Lot ccmpetition is to learn how many prizes each breed won where its rivals were not represented. We find that Aberdeen-Angus won 6 firsts, 3 seconds and 2 thirds, where no Herefords, Short- horns, etc., were shown. The Shorthorns won 16 firsts, 9 seconds and 5 thirds where no Aberdeen-Angus were shown. Herefords won 5 1 firsts, 34 seconds and 1 9 thirds where Aberdeen-Angus were absent. By making the proper deduc- tions from the actual awards and only taking into consideration the classes in which Aberdeen-Angus, Herefords and Shorthorns took part, we find that the Aberdeen- Angus won 21 firsts, 26 seconds and 19 thirds; Herefords 18 firsts, 1 1 seconds, 1 2 thirds ; Shorthorns 8 firsts, 6 seconds, 1 thirds. It will be noted in the competition for Champions by ages there are eighty- seven possible prizes and the representation won by each breed for this competition by virtue of their winnings in the open district classes is as follows: Aberdeen- Angus represented in twenty-one classes, Herefords twenty-seven classes; Short- horns were entitled to twenty-four, but only showed in fifteen. While the Here- fords secured six more chances than the Aberdeen-Angus, the results show that Aberdeen-Angus won 1 4 firsts, 4 seconds, 4 thirds ; Herefords 1 1 firsts, 2 1 sec- onds, 1 7 thirds ; Shorthorns 5 firsts, 3 seconds, 5 thirds ; mixed 2 seconds, 1 third. While the deductions from the practical facts embodied in the foregoing table show clearly that the Aberdeen-Angus is superior, as a climax it is only necessary to add that out of ten possible Grand Championships offered for best carload Aber- deen-Angus have won seven times, Herefords twice and Shorthorns once. The foregoing account of sales of carload lots at auction shows that during a period of ten years the Aberdeen-Angus have made an average of 56 cents per cwt. more than the Herefords and 58 cents more than the Shorthorns. These figures obtained from such a practical source show the degree in which the doddie leads its rivals in establishing average top prices. 34 Photo by Courtesy of Bowles & Co. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Missouri Champion Carload of Yearling Fat Steers at 1908 International Live Stock Exposition. Fed and Exhibited by W. C. White. Sold by Bowles & Co. for 13c Per Pound. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Iowa. Grand Champion Carload Fat Steers at 1906 American Royal Live Stock Show. Kansas City Mo. Fed and Exhibited by the late Claus Krambeck. 35 CHUCK OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS STEER EXILIO Best Grand Champion Carcass of any Breed that has been Exhibited at International Live Stock Exposition. ROUND OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS STEER EXILIO Best Grand Champion Carcass of any Breed that has been Exhibited at International Live Stock Exposition. 36 Chicago International Live Stock Exposition Carcass Contest Awards 1 900-1 909 Competition Open to Steers, Spayed or Martin Heifers Total Entries CLASS 1900 Aberdeen- Short- Here- Angus horn ford rating rating rating 12345 123 123 Gallo- way rating 1 2 3 Mixed rating 12 3 4 5 13 shown: 2 years and under 3. 10 shown: 1 year and under 2. . Total Entries CLASS 33 shown: 2 years and under 3. 13 shown: 1 year and under 2.. .12000 000 003 000 00000 .0 0000 100 023 000 0O0U0 1901 Aberdeen- Angus Shorthorn Hereford Galloway rating rating rating rating 12345 12345 12345 12345 .12300 00000 00000 00000 .0 0000 10000 00300 02000 Total Entries CLASS 1902 Aberdeen- Short- Here- Angus horn ford rating rating rating 12 3 4 5 12 3 12 3 Gallo- way rating 1 2 3 Mixed rating 12 3 4 5 5 shown : 2 years and under 3 . 9 shown: I year and under 2. 12000 000 000 000 0a3b4c5 .10045 000 023 000 00000 Ajersey-Guernsey. Bjersey-Holstein. cRed Poll. Total Entries CLASS 10 shown: 2 years and under 3. 5 shown: I year and under 2. 1903 Aberdeen Angus Shorthorn rating rating 12 3 4 5 12 3 4 5 Here- ford rating 1 2 3 Gallo- way rating 12 3 4 Mixed rating 1 2 3 .0 2305 00000 000 1004 000 .12340 00005 000 0000 000 Tolal Entries CLASS 8 shown: 2 years and under 3. 11 she 1904 Aberdeen- Angus rating I 2 3 ...1 2 3 Shorthorn rating 12 3 4 5 1 year and under 2 03 02005 *Hereford-Holstein. ARed Poll. BShorthorn-Galloway. 1905 Aberdeen- Total Angus Shorthorn Entries CLASS rating rating 12 3 4 12 3 4 5 7 shown : 2 years and under 3 1 034 00005 6 shown: 1 year and under 2 1000 00000 *Breed unknown. AShorthorn-Galloway. BRed Poll. Here- ford rating 1 2 3 Galloway rating 12 3 4 4 Hereford rating 12 3 4 4 way rating 1 2 3 Mixed rating 12 3 4 5 0*4a5 b1 Mixed rafting 12 3 4 5 0*2 0*2a3 0b5 37 Total Entries CLASS 1 3 shown : 2 years and under 3 . . . . 1 4 shown : I year and under 2 AMixed. *Galloway-Shorthorn. Total Entries CLASS 1 5 shown : 2 years and under 3 . . 1 6 shown : 1 year and under 2 ♦Polled Hereford. ARed Poll. 1906 Aberdeen- Angus rating 12 3 4 5 .12 3 4 5 .00000 1907 Aberdeen- Angus rating 12 3 4 5 .12 4 5 .12 4 Total Entries CLASS 13 shown: 2 years and under 3.. 15 shown: 1 year and under 2... ARed Poll. *Hereford-Angus. 1908 Aberdeen- Angus rating 12 3 4 5 .02005 .12 4 5 Short- horn rating 1 2 3 Short- horn rating 1 2 3 Short- horn rating 1 2 3 Here- ford rating 1 2 3 1 2 Gallo- way rating 1 2 3 Mixed rating 12 3 4 5 0*3 0a5 Here- ford rating 12 3 4 5 5 Gallo- way rating 1 2 3 Mixed rating 1 2 3 0a3 0*3 Here- Gallo- ford rating 1 2 3 way rating 1 2 3 1 Mixed rating 12 3 4 5 3a4 0*3 Total Entries 1909 CLASS 7 shown : two years and under 3 . 14 shown: 1 year and under 2 Aberdeen- Angus rating 12 3 4 5 .10 3 .12 3 4 5 Galloway rating 12 3 4 5 2 4 Red Polled rating 12 3 4 5 5 Grand Champion Carcass Awards Year Name Owner Rank on Foot Breed 1900 Sam M. F. Bunker None Grade Shorthorn 1901 Elm Park Lad Mich. Agricultural College Third Aberdeen- Angus 1902 Punch A. P. Grout None Grade Ab. -Angus 1903 College Lad Iowa State College Fifth Aberdeen- Angus 1904 Funk's Choice Funk Bros. Not shown Grade Ab.- Angus 1905 College Lad Iowa State College None A berdeen-A ngus 1906 Exilio C. J. Off Fifth Aberdeen- Angus 1907 Squire Good C. J. Taggart None Grade Ab.-Angus 1908 Ben H D. Bradfute & Son Fifth* Aberdeen- Angus 1909 La Preto University of Nebraska Third Aberdeen- Angus *Special class for carcass cattle. 38 Review of International Live Stock Exposition Carcass Contests 1 900- 1 909 By WAYNE DINSMORE, Associate Professor of Animal Husbandry, Iowa Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa. A review of the carcass competition at the past ten International Live Stock Shows reveals the fact that Aberdeen-Angus cattle and their grades have won 50 out of a possible 91 prizes. This is 54.9 per cent of all money prizes offered. They have also won nine out of the ten championships for dressed carcasses. The detailed record in foregoing shows that out o* the 50 winners, 29 were two-year-olds and 21 yearlings. Twenty-three were pure-bred and 27 were grades. The 1908 third prize yearling winner was a Hereford-Angus heifer, so that all the yearlings in the 1 908 prize list carried Aberdeen-Angus blood. The cross-bred, however, is not listed in the 50. The Grand Champion carcasses for the ten International Shows are listed in the foregoing table and facts concerning each given. The facts given establish the right of the Aberdeen-Angus to premier place on the hooks so far as the International carcass contests show; and the beef house experts of Packingtown appear to consider that the record made by the Aberdeen- Angus in the carcass contests does not materially exceed their daily performance on the block. Beef animals to meet with general favor from packers and retail butchers must dress out a good percentage, supply reasonably fine grained meat, hang up carcasses of good "shape" and carry a high percentage of lean meat, with enough fat to give tenderness, juiciness and flavor to the meat, but must not carry too much fat, or uneven fat covering. These are the essentials and all beef animals are measured as carcass producers by their excellence in the requirements named. Claims are sometimes made that the Aberdeen-Angus excel all other beef breeds in all these respects, but from the standpoint of a non-partisan observer such broad assertions do not appear justified. The dressing per cent made by the grade and pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus en- tered in the carcass test of 1906 and 1907, was 64.97 per cent for the yearlings and 65.48 per cent for two-year-olds, while the representatives of other breeds aver- aged 64.32 per cent for yearlings and 64.3 per cent for the two-year-olds. This shows a slight advantage in dressing percentage, but the difference is so slight that it is not safe to assume that the breed has in this any positive advantage over other beef breeds. In fineness of grain, figures are not available. The breed representatives have shown up well in this respect but, in the judgment of the writer, cannot be given any advantage over equally well bred Shorthorn or Hereford cattle of equal age, breeding and finish. 39 "Shape" or "proportion" of carcass is closely watched by retail butchers. Carcasses that are light in bone, close coupled, thick in valuable parts and light in the cheap cuts, such as navel, chuck and neck, are preferred The breed repre- sentatives have averaged well in this respect, and yet it is very doubtful whether any advantage over other beef breeds can be claimed for the breed on this score. Beef experts, inspecting the carcasses before they were ribbed, without knowledge of the breed represented by the various carcasses, have picked well bred cattle of other breeds as likely winners quite as often as they have selected the carcasses from Aberdeen-Angus cattle. This indicates that so far as shape of carcass is con- cerned, the breed can be considered equal, though not superior, to other beef cattle of good breeding. On three of the four essential carcass requirements, therefore, the Aberdeen- Angus cattle have no distinct superiority though these advantages are oftentimes claimed for them. The elimination of these three points leaves but one to con- sider, and it is on this last point that the Aberdeen-Angus doddies have scored their carcass victories. The last requirement is a high per cent of lean meat, with enough fat marbled through the lean to give juiciness, tenderness and flavor, without excessive outside fat. Meat of this kind is always in demand among consumers. It is not plentiful on the markets. Most of the beef sold is too lean. Such meat has no marbling of fat, very little outside fat, and is dry, tough and lacking in flavor when cooked. Of the beef that is well marbled, altogether too much is wasteful in outside fat. This is not wanted by American consumers. They desire bright red meat that is fine grained and well marbled, but do not wish to pay for an inch and a half or more of outside fat, to secure the kind of meat they like. Some carcasses will show an inch of external fat, yet show very little mixture of fat through the lean. Others with no more external fat, will be well marbled. So far as the writer knows, this difference cannot be ascribed to the feed, for while certain feeds will produce firmer flesh and whiter fat than others, no evidence has yet been produced to show that certain feeds will cause fat to be mixed with the lean instead of tending to be laid on externally. It is quite probable that many carcasses showing excellent marbling, but too much outside fat, have been overdone by too l:ng continued feeding. Had slaugh- tering been done earlier the carcass migl t have cut well marbled without waste. There is little doubt but that this was the case with the Escher steer shown in the 1 908 carcass tests. Despite this, the fact remains that two carcasses showing the right amount of external fat covering, may be practically equal in all respects save marbling, but while one is well marbled the other is not. This indicates that one animal mixes the fat throughout the lean before building up any considerable amount of outside fat, while in the other opposite tendencies prevail. This Has been known to occur in animals that have received identical feed and treatment, and for this reason it 40 seems clear that the tendency to marble the lean is due chiefly to the breeding of the individual animal. In the judgment of the writer the long list of carcass victories credited to the blacks from Aberdeen is due almost entirely to their superiority in this last essential carcass reauirement. Some of the winners have not been as well marbled as they should have been, but on the average they have excelled their competitors in desired proportion and distribution of fat to lean. The most experienced men in the Chi- cago beef trade have given this advantage to the carcasses of Aberdeen-Angus cat- tle, without knowing what breed they represented. This does not mean in all cases ; but it does mean that the majority of carcasses rated high on this point have been those furnished by "Doddie" blood. This characteristic makes their carcasses prime favorites with butchers who cater to the families of well-to-do people and is responsible for their popularity in packing house circles. The present excellence in killing qualities possessed by the breed, should not blind its advocates to the fact that there are good and poor carcass beasts within the breed. Some Aberdeen-Angus cattle possess the characteristic tendency to marble lean with fat and others do not. The same thing is true of our other beef breeds. At present the blackskins average above the other breeds in this, but their lead can be very easily cut down if concerted effort is made by the breeders of other beef cattle, in the absence of such effort on the part of Aberdeen-Angus breeders. No man living can tell with certainty what lies beneath the skin of a ripened bullock. The only accurate n.easure of a bull's value as a beef producer is to be found in the steers he sires, and these tested on the block. The time will come when meat producers will test their sires through the appli- cation of the block test to their progeny with as much care and thoroughness as dairy cattle breeders now test their breeding stock through the medium of the Babcock test. The commercial side of the dairy industry has received thorough investigation through the creameries at every experiment station in the United States. The com- mercial side of meat production as it affects the producer, has been wholly neglected. The establishment of experimental slaughtering plants at the various experiment stations, to test the influence of feeding and breeding on meat production, would do more to advance the meat producing industry than anything else that could be done at the present time. The man who is producing market stock can be more effectively and quickly convinced of the value of a well-bred sire by actual killing tests showing the superiority of the progeny of such a sire than in any other way. Such definite, positive data on the value of good blood, issued in detailed form by a state experiment station will hasten the passing of the scrub, and in- crease the demand for good animals many fold. Every breed association registering meat-producing animals should urge the establishment of such work and no breed can more fittingly lead in such movement than the breed that has won chief honors in the International carcass contests. 41 MY CHOICE An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Iowa. Grand Champion Fat Steer over all Breeds in 1908 at Inter-State Fair, Sioux City, Iowa; Inter-State Live Stock Show, South St. Joseph, Mo., and Iowa State Fair, 1909. Fed and Exhibited by W. J. Miller. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Colorado. Grand Champion Carload of Feeders over all Breeds at 1910 "Western Stock Show, Denver, Colo. Bred and Exhibited by George F. Lucore. Sold by Clay, Robinson & Co. for $8.00 Per Cwt., World's Record Price. 42 VICTOR An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Iowa. 1910 Grand Champion Fat Steer over all Breeds at National Feeders and Breeders Show. Fort Worth, Texas. Bred, Fed and Exhibited by W. J. Miller. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Colorado. Grand Champion Carload Fat Steers over all Breeds at 1908 Western Stock Show, Denver, Colo. Fed and Exhibited by H. W. Moore. 43 So. St. Joseph Inter-State Live Stock Show Awards (This Show was instituted in 1906.) Grades and Cross- Breds Competition Limited to Steers, Spayed or Martin Heifers 1906 Aberdeen- Short- Here- Gallo- Total Angus horn ford way Entries CLASS rating rating rating rating 123 123 123 123 Not given: 2 years and under 3 020 003 100 000 Not given: 1 year and under 2 100 020 003 000 Not given: under 1 year 20 003 100 000 Grand champion steer of the show Aberdeen- Angus. 1907 123 123 123 123 Not given: 2 years and under 3 00 010 023 000 Not given: 1 year and under 2 00 020 103 000 Not given: under 1 year 100 003 020 000 Grand champion steer of the show Shorthorn. 1908 123 123 123 12 3 Not given : 2 years and under 3 100 003 020 000 Not given : 1 year and under 2 100 020 003 000 Not given: under 1 year 03 100 000 020 Grand champion steer of the show Aberdeen- Angus 1909 123 123 123 123 Not given: 2 years and under 3 120 000 003 000 Not given: 1 year and under 2 120 000 000 003 Not given: under 1 year 03 000 120 000 Grand champion steer of the show Shorthorn. Reserve grand champion Grade Aberdeen-Angus. Fat Carload Division 1908 Aberdeen- Short- Total Angus horn Entries CLASS rating rating 12 3 12 3 Not given: 3 years and over 003 02 Not given : 2 years and under 3 1 00 000 Not given: I year and under 2 000 1 00 *Mixed Hereford-Shorthorn. Grand champion fat carload of the show Aberdeen-Angus. 1909 kt • 12 3 12 3 Not given : 3 years and over 000 000 Not given: 2 years and under 3 02 1 00 Not given : 1 year and under 2 ] 2 3 000 Grand champion fat carload of the show Herefords. Champion carload of feeders Aberdeen-Angus. 44 Here- Gallo- ford way Mixed rating rating rating 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 *l 2 3 2 12 3 12 3 12 3 123 000 000 003 000 000 000 000 000 Iowa State Fairs 1895-1905 Grand Champion Beef Herd Awards BREED NAME OF EXHIBITOR 1895 Aberdeen-Angus W. A. McHenry, Denison, Iowa. 1896 Aberdeen-Angus Wallace Estill, Estill, Mo. 1897 Hereford Jas. A. Funkhouser, Plattsburg, Mo. 1898 No Fair Held 1899 Shorthorn T. J. Wornall, Mosby, Mo. 1900 Shorthorn T. J. Wornall, Mosby, Mo. 1901 Aberdeen-Angus W. A. McHenry, Denison, Iowa. 1902 Shorthorn G. M. Casey, Clinton, Mo. 1903 Aberdeen-Angus C. H. Gardner, Blandinsville, III. 1904 Aberdeen-Angus C. J. Martin, Churdan, Iowa. 1905 Hereford Cargill & McMillan, LaCrosse, Wis. Inter-State Fair, Sioux City, Iowa Grand Champion Awards on Single Steer and Steer Herd, 1905-1909 (Awards, if any, of 1903 and 1904 could not be obtained) GRAND CHAMPION SINGLE STEER GRAND CHAMPION STEER HERD BREED BREED 1905 Aberdeen- Anlus Aberdeen- Angus 1906 Aberdeen-Angus Aberdeen- Angus 1907 Shorthorn Shorthorn 1908 Aberdeen-Angus Aberdeen-Angus 1909 Aberdeen- Angus Aberdeen- Angus 1909 Grand Champion Fat Carload Lot Aberdeen-Angus. American Royal Live Stock Show,KansasCity,Mo. In 1906 Aberdeen- Angus won Grand Championship for Fat Carload Lot, only inter-breed competition the show has furnished. Western Stock Show, Denver, Colorado Grand Champion Awards on Single Steer and Fat Carload Lot, 1 906- 1910 GRAND CHAMPION SINGLE STEER GRAND CHAMPION CARLOAD LOT BREED BREED 1906 Shorthorn Shorthorn 1907 Aberdeen- Angus Shorthorn 1908 Hereford A berdeen-A ngus 1909 Aberdeen- Angus Hereford 1910 Shorthorn Hereford 1909 Grand Champion steer herd, Aberdeen- Angus. 1910 Grand Champion carload of feeders, Aberdeen-Angus. Fort Worth National Show, Fort Worth, Texas Grand Champion Awards on Single Steer and Fat Carload Lot, 1905-1910 (No Aberdeen- Angus shown prior to 1905) GRAND CHAMPION SINGLE STEER GRAND CHAMPION CARLOAD LOT BREED BREED 1905 Hereford Shorthorn 1906 Hereford Aberdeen-Angus 1907 Shorthorn Aberdeen-Angus 1908 Hereford Hereford 1909 Shorthorn Aberdeen-Angus 1910 Aberdeen-Angus Aberdeen-Angus At the greatest Canadian Fat Stock Show held in Eastern Canada, at Guelph, Ontario, an Aberdeen-Angus steer won Grand Championship over all breeds in 1908. At the greatest Canadian Fat Stock Show held in Western Canada, at Brandon, Manitoba, Aberdeen-Angus won Grand Championship for single steer and Grand Championship for steer herd over all breeds in 1910. 45 GLENCARNOCK STYLE 1910 Grand Champion Steer over all Breeds at Manitoba Winter Pair, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. Bred, Fed and Exhibited by Jas. D. McGregor. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Western Canada. Bred, Fed and Exhibited in 1910 by Jas. D. McGregor, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. 46 Aberdeen- Angus Cattle On the Range By GEORGE FINDLAY, of the X. I. T. Ranches. Aberdeen-Angus cattle are not without a record in the United States under grazing conditions as they have existed and exist now beyond the Missouri River. The breed has been tried out in more than one section and in every instance the performance was satisfactory in every respect to those whose money was involved. My own experience with these cattle has, however, been on what are popularly known as the X. I. T. Ranches in Texas, owned by the Capitol Syndicate. Up to and including 1 892 there were purchased for the X. I. T. ranges, not far from 5,000 bulls, of which Aberdeen-Angus comprised not quite 14 per cent, Herefords about 50 per cent, and Shorthorns not quite 30 per cent. The small proportion of Aberdeen-Angus was due to the fact that until a few years previous it was a breed comparatively unknown in this country. Its numbers were incon- siderable and bulls were hard to get, selling at much higher figures than those of any other breed. The owners and managers of the property were favorably dis- posed toward the breed and have continued in that attitude. Originally the X. I. T. Ranch comprised 3,000,000 acres of land in the Panhandle of Texas. The cattle with which it was stocked came largely from the country tributary to the Texas & Pacific Railway and were of better average quality than those common to the country. About the early nineties most of the bulls purchased were pure-breds, and after 1 892, nothing but pure-breds were bought. The range, averaging about 200 miles north and south and 25 miles east and west, and being all fenced and cross-fenced, offered good opportunities to test the three breeds under practically similar conditions and, after a few years, the pastures in which each was kept began to show the respective breed character- istics. Every year, by careful selection of breeding bulls and careful culling of undesirable females — undesirable owing to color or quality — the herds rapidly assumed, to all appearances, the quality and character of pure-breds. When this experiment was begun the Shorthorn breed was well known by reputation in the Southwest. They had been tried previously in the section from which the foundation she stock had been purchased and their reputation at that time was, whether deserved or undeserved, that they were good cattle, but not sufficiently hardy for the climate of the Texas Panhandle. At that time Herefords were be- ing introduced and had no prejudice to contend with, as few of the people there knew anything about them as ranging cattle. They were readily adopted by 47 ranchmen seeking something to improve their herds and were extensively intro- duced into the Panhandle. The Aberdeen-Angus came in after the Herefords, but at this time they were few in number in the United States and it was im- possible to secure them to the number required at prices range men could afford to pay. Herefords were being pushed by a coterie of breeders exultant over con- flicts from which they had emerged with Shorthorn sponsors and were claiming "the earth and the fullness thereof" for their breed. As nothing succeeds like success, the Herefords soon became the dominant breed in the Panhandle. It was diligently published by interests antagonistic to the Aberdeen-Angus, and actuated either by ignorance or jealousy of the breed, that it was not suitable for range purposes, that the bulls would bunch together and stay away from the she cattle, consequently they did not get the percentage of calves possible with bulls of othsr breeds. Allegation was also made that the stock they did get did not exhibit sufficient improvement and that they could not stand the heat of summer or the rigors of winter. Thus it will be seen that the Aberdeen-Angus came into that territory at a rather unpropitious time and had to fight against ignorance, prejudice and jealousy for its foothold there. These sentiments were not lacking on the X. I. T. Ranch, but after the adoption of the three breeds each was given a fair trial and the result there dem- onstrated that no breed was better adapted to range conditions than the Aberdeen- Angus. They proved themselves prolific, hardy, good rustlers, early maturers and good sellers, the steers of this breed being usually the first to be sold off the range and invariably commanding a premium over the others. With these results it is logical that as the land comprising the ranch was sold off, over 2,000,000 of the original 3,000,000 acres having now been disposed of to Northern farmers, necessitated selling cattle also, the owners decided to close out the other breeds and retain the Aberdeen-Angus herd. At the present lime that range carries no breeding cattle of any other breed. This policy, shaped after probably better facilities for testing the breeds than have ever been afforded anywhere else, speaks more for the mer ts of Aberdeen-Angus cattle as a range breed than columns of theory and argument. Had the Aberdeen-Angus not given satisfactory results, they would have been the first to go. Actual results furnished convincing evidence that there is absolutely nothing to the claim that Aberdeen-Angus are poor breeders on the range. In 1 889 there were practically the same number of cows in the Alamositas X. I. T. pasture, in which Aberdeen-Angus bulls were placed, as in the Minneosa pasture where Hereford bulls were used. In 1 890 the calves branded in the Alamositas pasture numbered 3,064, those in the Min- neosa pasture 2,688, and there were branded in the pasture in which black bulls were kept during the years immediately following a greater number of calves than in the other pastures. Satisfactory results were also reached with Aberdeen-Angus cattle in Mon- tana, where they grazed on open range and among X. I. T. owners and man- 48 agers there exists no doubt regarding the fecundity of black bulls. Mr. A. G. Boyce, manager of the Texas ranch, reporting on the best results, said: "The more I see of the black cattle the more I like them and think they are the cattle for this country." It may be of interest to those seeking information regarding Aberdeen-Angus cattle on the range to know that we have always considered steers of this breed both as feeders and beeves — the quickest and best sellers, and when time and conditions permit, we have always found it to our advantage to ship Aberdeen- Angus beeves by themselves, as there seemed to be a wider market for them at the stock yards and they have almost invariably realized better prices than the others. Probably 75 per cent of all the fat steers reaching market nowadays are without horns. Even on the ranges many dehorn their bulls. This dehorning practice is one of the strongest tributes to the value of the polled character of the Aberdeen-Angus that can be conceived. Ticks Do Not Worry Them. J. M. Cardwell, a prominent Texas cattle breeder, advances one reason why the Aberdeen-Angus breed is popular below the quarantine line. In an interview with him recently the San Antonio Express said: "J. M. Cardwell, the well-known breeder of black muley cattle of Lockharl. is in the city and spent an hour or so yesterday around at live stock headquarters to get the straight dope from those who know all about it, and incidentally to discuss live stock conditions. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the Aberdeen-Angus cattle, and very emphatic in the declaration that the reason the 'doddies' manage to walk off with nearly all the blue ribbons at the live stock shows is that they are the best cattle. 'There is nothing in the theory that they are not sure breeders,' said he, 'for if they weren't nobody would raise them. Besides this they are better rustlers and are bothered less by the tick than the other breeds. I sold a calf not long ago that weighed a little over 500 pounds and I haven't heard of anybody doing any better than that. The beef business of the future in Texas must be done by the farmers for the range proposition is fast passing. When a man's pasture now is subjected to a drought he is compelled to make the best of it, for there is no sur- plus range for lease to which he can move them. I predict that the Angus steer will be a great favorite in Texas for all time to come." 49 BOOTHROYD An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Colorado 1909 Grand Champion Fat Steer over all Breeds at Western Stock Show, Denver, Colorado. Fed and Exhibited by H. W. Moore. Sold by Clay, Robinson & Co. for 20c Per Pound. An Aberdeen-Angus Product of Texas and Oklahoma,. 1910 Grand Champion Carload of Fat Steers over all Breeds at National Feeders and Breeders Show, Fort Worth, Texas. Fed and Exhibited by H. B. Johnson. 50 Pure Bred Cattle Sal ales Comparative Averages of American Public Sale Prices for Ten Years, Reported by Breeder's Gazette, 1900-1909 as 1909 1908 NAME OF BREED ^Of Aberdeen- Angus 18 Hereford 25 Shorthorn 78 Galloway 2 Polled Durham 2 Red Poll 3 NAME OF BREED ^'^^ Sales Aberdeen-Angus 18 Hereford 29 Shorthorn 84 Galloway 3 Polled Durham 3 Red Poll 3 NAME OF BREED ^l 0- . ° f Sales Aberdeen-Angus 22 Hereford 24 Shorthorn 82 Galloway 5 Polled Durham I Red Poll 3 NAME OF BREED S^'les^ Aberdeen-Angus 14 Hereford 30 Shorthorn 89 Galloway 3 Polled Durham 8 Red Poll I NAME OF BREED ^Sale's Aberdeen-Angus 15 Hereford 32 Shorthorn 101 Galloway 2 Polled Durham 8 Red Poll 2 Average No. of Average No. Sold. Price. Sales No. Sold. Price. 935 $189.00 18 955 $165.10 1398 127.05 15 936 116.15 3308 159.00 59 2689 146.50 69 128.05 3 136 84.50 79 129.45 6 244 124.50 35 97.80 1 3 50.00 1907 1906 Average No. of Average No. Sold. Price. Sales No. Sold. Price. 1119 $134.75 25 1259 $154.90 1358 123.70 21 1122 121.15 3608 160.15 95 4210 144.90 123 139.05 1 49 108.85 106 130.35 3 81 143.40 7 83.65 1 30 121.00 1905 1904 Average No. of Average No. Sold. Price. Sales No. Sold. Price. 1084 $130.35 21 932 $132.80 1179 115.35 28 1481 117.10 3512 139.75 65 2755 101.25 190 103.85 3 133 143.55 34 231.75 7 286 100.00 94 109.80 1 48 70.00 1903 1902 Average No. of Average No. Sold. Price Sales No. Sold. Price. 1041 $220.15 17 1065 $259:80 2029 172.50 31 2597 265.70 4474 174.15 120 6152 260.40 161 116.10 3 206 185.15 282 155.55 5 159 221.95 22 145.00 2 149 248.00 1901 1900 Average No. of Average No. Sold. Price. Sales No. Sold. Price. 894 $277.45 8 541 $288.00 1885 240.80 21 1849 271.68 4045 280.90 49 2628 225.37 68 207.55 3 195 169.44 243 216.55 3 81 241.42 79 230.50 51 Recapitulation of American Fat Stock Shows A comprehensive review of the foregoing pages gives a concise, accurate sur- vey of the beef cattle industry in general and the results and progress of the leading recognized pure-bred beef breeds in particular, in America. A careful study of the results of American Shows for the past ten years should convince every cattle- man that the Aberdeen-Angus breed is justly entitled to the honor of being termed the Premier Beef Breed. With the axioms set forth in the foregoing tables supplemented by the un- biased opinions of such able authorities on the various phases of the cattle industry as James Brown, Patrick J. O'Neiil, Henry Du Plan, James E. Poole, George Findlay and Prof. Wayne Dinsmore, the editor feels it is useless to burden these pages with more elaboration, because the field has been covered thoroughly, the merits of all the rival beef breeds justly considered and the supremacy of the Aber- deen-Angus accurately and sufficiently established. The average market top prices established in the past by Aberdeen-Angus at International and other leading Shows, especially the 1 909 prices, clearly and very forcibly demonstrate the degree in which the doddie leads all other breeds. The Aberdeen-Angus hold the record for top prices by a margin of 56 cents per cwt. covering a pericd of ten years. A glance at the table of prices of breeding animals on page 5 1 as reported in Breeder's Gazette shews a uni- formly higher average has been maintained by Aberdeen-Angus breeding animals. This is an age of progress and it can be truly said of the Aberdeen-Angus breed that it is keeping pace with the rapid development of agriculture. The sphere of Aberdeen-Angus cattle operations has been greatly enlarged the past few years. In addition to the unequaled laurels the breed has won at International Live Stock Exposition, Chicago, and its growth in popularity in the leading corn- belt states, the breed has conclusively demonstrated its ability to adapt itself to every condition that has been found in the various cattle districts of America. The breed has been decidedly in the minority in the range country and prejudice has existed in the West and Southwest in extreme form among the zealous advocates of the rival beef breeds since Aberdeen-Angus were first imported and introduced on the cattle plains west of the Missouri River. The substantial manner in which the breed has popularized and fortified itself in the mest fertile cornbelt states is borne out by the records of the Aberdeen- Angus Association and the daily receipts of the leading markets. The dissemination of the breed and its rapid growth on the ranges of the North, West and Southwest have been forcibly illustrated to the public by the achievements of the breed at Win- ter Fair, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada; Western Stock Show, Denver, Colo.; and National Breeders & Feeders Show, Fort Worth, Texas. Since the Aberdeen- Angus breed has been exhibited in the West and range country, it has been greatly in the minority; nevertheless, it has won the Single Fat Steer, Fat Carload Lot, Feeder Carload Lot and Carcass, etc., Championship honors a greater number of 52 times than any other breed. This is a feat worthy of careful consideration by range men because these Shows have been conducted along practical lines, thus their results are entirely practical. This is not only an age of progress in this country, but of expansion that has scarcely ever been approached during the history of any other country. So great has the expansion of agriculture along agronomy lines been that theie has been a natural lack of enthusiasm among cattlemen and farmers and consequently the cattle supply has gradually been reduced to an alarmin? point. The pronounced shortage of cattle in evidence presents a serious problem for farmers and cattlemen to work cut. The universal superior merits c f the Aberdeen-Angus breed give it a cov- eted position of prestige, thus it behooves every Aberdeen-Angus advocate at this particular time to lend his enthusiastic efforts in order that the doddie may accom- plish greater achievements. This country has been a constant importer from Great Britain since the introduction of the breed in 1873, thus it is very interesting to note that the breeders of the United States at present are not only liberal importers, but also exporters to South America and Canada. Although the Canadian trade is merely in its infancy, nevertheless it is firmly established and rives promise of growing to considerable proportions in the near future. Although the range country and foreign countries continue to furnish an increased demand for the surplus of pure- bred herds, the central Cornbelt States, which can be correctly termed the hub of the cattle industry of America, will continue to be the principal breeding and feeding ground. The price beef is now selling for and the assurance by conditions that prices will continue more steady and as favorable and in all probability become more favorable under improved methods of feeding, make it logical to predict that cornbelt farmers will soon be giving much of their attention to breeding and feeding beef animals on their high-priced land. Every indication points toward greater activity and success in beef production on high-priced land in the corn- belt. Beef production on high-priced land has been a success in Great Britain, thus there is every reason to believe it can be made successful in a much larger measure and scale in this country. The population of this country is constantly on the increase and the demand for beef becomes greater every year. The constant change from careless, slip- shod methods of farming to a systematic, intensive form presents a very favorable condition for the Aberdeen-Angus breed because it not only thrives under rather adverse conditions, but responds most favorably to those intensive and ideal. Every condition is ripe for an unprecedented revival in the beef cattle business, and the foregoing pages set forth the overwhelming evidence the Aberdeen-Angus breed has in its favor and the manner and degree in which it leads all other breeds in the production of high-class beef, thus it behooves every Aberdeen-Angus breeder or advocate to exploit the superior merits of the famous market-toppeis (Aberdeen- Angus) to every cattleman and farmer in the country. 53 Results of British Fat Stock Shows Held at London, England Birmingham, England Edinburgh, Scotland Aberdeen, Scotland Dublin, Ireland 54 VIOLET 3d OF CONGASH. Breeding Matron, Grand Champion Cow of Great Britain, 1909. Imported in 1910 and owned by Jas. D. McGregor. TWO-YEAR-OLD BREEDING HEIFER Imported in 1910 and owned by James D. McGregor. 55 Introduction A section of this pamphlet has been devoted to the principal Fal Stock Shows of the British Isles for the purpose of presenting the results of the past decade in simple, concise and accurate form, and incidentally to show the material growth and advancement the Aberdeen-Angus breed has made in its native land. Every American cattleman that has handled beef cattle fully realizes how much the Britons have contributed to Americans and other peoples by their practical and scientific work in the production of animals that have made the cattle industry of this country the greatest in the world, and one of the chief sources of America's agricultural wealth. A study of the history of the breeds in the British Isles reveals the fact that the Shorthorn interests were stimulated at an early date and swept over, even the habitat of the Aberdeen-Angus. The Watsons, McCombie, Sir George McPherson Grant and the stanch pioneer promoters of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, gave it such an impetus about the middle and latter part of the past century, that the tide of progress of the Aberdeen-Angus breed has swept far beyond the borders of the British Isles. We must confine these brief remarks, however, to Scotland, England and Ireland. A half or even a quarter of a century ago, Aberdeen-Angus interests were chiefly confined to Northeast Scotland. S nee the merits of the breeed have become universally known it has forged its way into the South of England, leaving, as it were, a path of permanent black beasts the entire length and breadth of the United Kingdom. There has also been a steady migration of Aberdeen-Angus to Ireland. This keen demand has been especially noticeable during the past decade and has greatly curtailed the operations of Americans. The Shorthorns have been the strongest rivals the Aberdeen- Angus have had to contend with in every part of the British Isles, but after a perusal of the following tables it must be admitted the Aberdeen-Angus have outstripped the Shorthorns. The Hereford is a conspicuous rival of the Aberdeen-Angus in America, but does not furnish much competition or win many prizes when pitted against the Aber- deen-Angus and its crosses in the British Isles. From the Breeder's Gazette of May 5, 1909, we quote in part an article entitled "British Markets and American Meat," written by A. T. Matthews, England, whose opinion can be regarded as unbiased. "In England the Aberdeen-Angus bred and fed in Scotland is regarded as the perfection of beef, then comes the Devon, but Shorthorns are good enough if really well bred. The term Shorthorn, however, is very loosely used, and is often applied indiscriminately to pedigree cattle and mongrels of Shorthorn character." In connection with British shows we also give the reviews of 1 909 as they were published by the Banffshire Journal and Live Sioclf Journal Almanac, which, we believe, studied in connection with tables, forms a recapitulation of points that should suffice to enlighten every cattleman of the progress the beef breeds have made in Great Britain and Ireland. 56 Beef Producing Qualities of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle By J. J. CRIDLAN, President of the Aberdeen-Angus Cattle Society of Great Britain. {From Live Stock Journal Almanac.) At the time when beef is making high prices and giving remunerative results to the breeder and feeder, it may not be deemed amiss to examine the grounds upon which the pre-eminence of Aberdeen-Angus cattle as beef-producers is based- Why do these cattle make a higher price per lb. in the market than any other breed, and even in a dull trade are the first sold? Because the butcher, by practical experience, finds they contain the maximum of prime meat to the minimum of coarse, and when roastings of the best quality are making Is. Id. (26 cents) per lb. first-hand in the Smithfield market, and clods and stickings and timber, viz., legs and shins, are making only 2d. (4 cents) to 3d. (6 cents) per lb., as they are now, it behooves the butcher to seek the animal which more nearly approaches the ideal than others. Meat traders, after continuous exper- ience with all breeds of cattle, are unanimous in awarding the palm to the Aber- deen-Angus; short of leg, small in the bone, deep in flesh, of a fine and mellow- grain throughout, with well-rounded hooks and buttocks, it is undoubtedly the best type of what a beef-producing animal should be. Even its coarse parts are more valuable than those of other breeds; the flanks and briskets have greater depth of flesh, and are interspersed with less wasteful fat and gristle, and con- sequently give greater satisfaction to the customer for whom the butcher has to cater. I remember well last year, after witnessing the parade of cattle at the Royal Show, one of the most prominent judges of Hereford cattle remarked on the magnificent display of Aberdeen-Angus cattle. He said: "How do you get them so level and smooth? Do you plane them?" This levelness is one of the most valuable characteristics of the breed — they are free from patchiness. The fat acquired covers the meat smoothly, and where it is best required; one might almost term the breed students of economy. The nearest approach in quality to the Aberdeen-Angus is the Devon, but it lacks the depth of flesh of its rival. I daresay some sceptics may think this opinion a biased one, because I am a breeder of Aberdeen-Angus cattle. But why am I an Aberdeen-Angus breeder? As a young man farming in Worcestershire, I was brought up amongst Herefords and Shorthorns, and my idea and goal then was to possess a herd of either. It 57 was only in later years I, by experience with all breeds of cattle, became con- vinced of the superlative merits of the Doddie. But the opinion I give is not unique; it is founded on fact, and upheld at all the beef-producing centres of the world by experts who deal in it. Noted for its early maturity, its hardiness and prepotency, it responds quickly and gratefully when up for feeding. As an example of early maturity, one easily calls to mind the grand yearling ox that was reserve to the best beast under two years old at the Smithfield Club Show «n 1 908, bred and exhibited by Col. Mclnroy, The Burn, Edzell ; reserve champion also of the Scottish National show, which at one year eleven months scaled the substantial weight of 14 cwt., 1 1 lbs. (1568 lbs.) Another giand specimen of the breed was Luxury, bred and exhibited by Dr. Clement Stephenson, awarded the Birmingham and Smithfield Championships in 1885. Her live weight was 15 cwt., 1 qr., 6 lbs. (1714 lbs.) at the age of two years eight months; her dressed dead weight of meat was 1318 lbs., showing the marvelous percentage of 76%, and one, I may say, unparalleled. A correspondent of mine in New South Wales informs me that it is hardier than any other breed on the high ranges, and gets a living and thrives where "Shorthorns and other breeds starve," a merit of much value to owners of vast quantities of steers, etc., one of whom possesses over 70,000 of these cattle, and, after trying other breeds, asseverates they are unrivalled. Another remarkable in- stance of the effect and prepotency of the Aberdeen-Angus bull as a beef-producer was the fine steer that was awarded the £25 cup for the best beast under two years old, beating Col. Mclnroy's grand steer; the cross-bred Aberdeen-Angus- Shorthorn exhibited by Mr. Hudson at 1 year, 1 1 months, 1 5 days, which tipped the beam at 15 cwt., 3 qrs., 10 lbs. (1774 lbs.) Is this not an object lesson for our courteous friends the Argentine breeders, to take to heart if they want to secure the good will of Smithfield importers and enrich themselves? Look up the Aberdeen-Angus records of the Smithfield Club Show for the past ten years. In competition with all others this breed has won four cham- pionships, and a cross-bred Shorthorn-Aberdeen-Angus one. The runner-up or reserve animal was an Aberdeen-Angus on four occasions, and had Polled blood in its veins on five. Next let us review the carcase competitions of this great show ; in the ten years it has been established a pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus has won four times and Aberdeen-Angus crosses five. The only occasion when an animal without Aberdeen-Angus blood in its veins won was in 1 902, when a very superior Welsh beast secured the coveted trophy. Of the ten reserves to championships, Aber- deen-Angus attained it thrice, and three other animals contained Aberdeen-Angus blood. The Chicago International Exposition carcase contest awards from 1 900 to 1 908, show an even more remarkable record, the chief prize being awarded to Aberdeen-Angus on five occasions, thrice to one of its crosses, and the remaining time to a Shorthorn cross; but the record does not define the breed of one parent. 58 Probably the greatest feature of this grand show is the Fat Carload Lots of cattle. During the same period the Championship has been awarded to Aberdeen- Angus on seven occasions and Herefords twice. At the same show, in the same period, the section for pure breeds, grades and cross breeds, the Grand Cham- pionship and Reserve Championship were each won five times by Aberdeen-Angus, three each by Herefords, and one of each by Shorthorns. The packers of Chi- cago, as do the English purveyors of meat, willingly pay an enhanced price for this incomparable beef breed of cattle. I will not, however, weary your readers with statistics of prices, but before closing this article I should like to bring to their notice a few facts as to the progress of this breed in the greatest beef-producing centre of the world, i. e., Ar- gentina. This country has not in the past appreciated this valuable breed to its true worth, but it is now making steady headway. There has been a prejudice against the color of the cattle; but when they begin to realize there, as they are now doing, that black cattle mean a larger return of English gold, for the color ol which they have a predilection, they will adopt more readily that breed which, crossed with the Shorthorn, produces the best commercial cattle ;'n the world. The advent of the Chicago packers, who are establishing houses in Buenos Ayres, will hasten this much-to-be-desired end, for there is still room for great improve- ment in the quality of the meat which is placed on the Smithfield Market, good as some of it already is. As a straw shows which way the wind blows, so the latest sales at the Matadores, Buenos Ayres, foreshadow coming events. It is re- ported frigorifico buyers purchased freely, and keen competition existed between butcher buyers. The La Plata Cold Storage Co. was the heaviest purchaser; one firm of auctioneers disposed of the best twelve of a troop of Abeideen- Angus steers from Cordoba at the excellent price of $1 36, others of the same herd fetched $ 1 20, $ 1 1 5 and $ 1 1 4. For a select lot of fifteen Shorthorn steers the highest price was $ 1 1 0. The question of the supremacy of Aberdeen-Angus cattle as beef-producevs is now incontestable in both Hemispheres. Whether in the show yards of Great Britain or in those of North and South America, or on the block these cattle are endowed with qualities which enrich the producers, remunerate well the pur- veyors, and please the palate of the most epicurean and fastidious customer. In writing my experience of Aberdeen-Angus cattle I disparage none. All English breeds where indigenous, are good; a good beast may be of any breed or color, but there is no manner of doubt in the mind of expert meat traders and butchers who deal in beef, that one breed reigns supreme, and that one is fa miliarly termed the Doddie. y) Aberdeen-Angus and Their Crosses (From Banffshire Journal.) Review of British Fat Stock Shows. The outstanding feature of the Fat Stock Show season which has just been concluded, has been the remarkable series of victories won by the Aberdeen-Angus breed and crosses of that breed. There has not been a show of any consequence at which the champion honours have not been won by an Aberdeen-Angus animal, or by an animal largely bred to that breed. Not only has this been the case, but as will be seen from the notes which we give below, the great bulk of the subsidiary honours at these shows also fell to animals of the same lines of breeding, a remark which applies equally to the live stock and to the carcase classes. It is im- possible to overestimate the practical significance attaching to these very striking results — results which, it need not be recalled, have been repeated to a certain extent for a series of years. The one great lesson which they teach is that the best quality of meat cannot be produced where there is an absence of Aberdeen- Angus blood, and that the more Aberdeen-Angus breeding is represented in an animal the more nearly will it attain to the ideal fat show animal, and at the same time to the highest standard of the beef producing carcase. We do not, however, seek to emphasise the many points which suggest themselves by a reference to the achievements of the breed during the show season; we deem it sufficient to place the simple facts on record and to leave those interested in the cattle industry to draw their own conclusions, being assured that the facts carry conviction with them as to the unparalleled position attained by the breed in the important sphere of beef production. The breed and its crosses made a capital debut for the season at the Norwich Show. It was a rather remarkable testimony to the popularity of the breed that at this centre of so important cattle feeding interests the whole of the entries in the class for two-year-old steers of any pure breed other than Red Polled and Shorthorn were Aberdeen-Angus, and one of them, Mr. R. W. Hudson s Tochineal Style, bred by Mr. Green, formerly in Ruthrie, was good enough to furnish the reserve champion of the show. In the class for steers of any breed or cross, except Red Polls, under two years, the popular Shorthorn-Angus cross led, and in the female class Mr. Hudson's Danesfield Rose, a daughter of the Aberdeen-Angus sire Danesfield Jester, and from a cow combining Shorthorn and Aberdeen-Angus breeding, was first, carrying off the female championship, as also the blue ribbon of the show. Reserve to her as the best female was another 60 heifer of three-parts Aberdeen-Angus breeding, and the winner in the "small" cattle section was an Aberdeen-Angus-Dexter. Thus the breed and its crosses had the championship and reserve championship, the special for the best female, and the special for the best ox — in other words the whole of the leading awards. At the Inverness show the blackskins were in great evidence. The great bulk of the entries in the cross-bred classes were black and hornless, while the pure-bred classes of the breed were sufficiently good to provide the champion of the show. This was the very pretty yearling Aberdeen-Angus heifer from Cullen House, and the fact that she was awarded the red rosette of the show was net only a triumph for the breed, but was another proof of the early maturity superiority of Aberdeen-Angus cattle. At the other two Scottish shows, Forres and Aberdeen, the breed and its crosses won all the leading honours. While at the capital of the Highlands, the breed was thus worthily upholding its prestige — and even improving thereupon, for it must be recalled that the In- verness champion was a yearling — fresh honours were being reaped by the breed at the show at the capital of the English Midlands. Here the championship over all breeds was won by Sir Richard Cooper's Aberdeen-Angus steer Pan of The Burn, which at two years eleven months turned the scales at 1 8cwts 1 qr. 22 lbs. being the heaviest beast in the show. It is not often that the heaviest beast in a show is the prettiest, but the Birmingham champion was an excellent example of how an Aberdeen-Angus animal can grow quickly, and grow to a large size and a heavy weight, and at the same time retain that fineness of finish and even- ness of cover which are essential to the winning of champion honours. In connection with the Birmingham show it may also be pointed out that of the twenty-four ani- mals entered in the cross classes, no fewer than twenty had Aberdeen-Angus blood in them, showing the popularity of the Aberdeen-Angus cross It is also a rather notable fact that with one exception the whole of the prize winners amongst the cross-bred cattle had for either sire or dam an Aberdeen-Angus animal. In- deed Mr. Hudson's cross champion, which was also reserve for the best animal in the show bred by the exhibitor, was a high grade Aberdeen-Angus, her lines of breeding showing three parts of Aberdeen-Angus blood. The Scottish National show at Edinburgh also contributed a quota to the brilliant record of the breed and its crosses at the fat stock shows of 1910, and that, loo, at a show which was marked by an exceptionally high standard of excellence in most of the sections. Although the competition at Edinburgh is more limited than at the Smithfield show at London, the catalogue provides for Shorthorn, Aber- deen-Angus, Galloway, and Highland cattle with combinations of these breeds, and it is always a victory of no mean order to provide the best animal over these five different varieties in a country where the feeding of stock receives so much attention. Taking the pure breeds, it is found that at the thirteen shows held by the Club, the championship has been won on only six occasions by representatives of these, namely, five times by Aberdeen-Angus, and once by a Shorthorn. On 61 the occasion of the other seven shows the championship has gone to crosses of Aberdeen-Angus and Shorthorn breeding. At the show this year there were thirty-eight entries of cross-bred cattle, of which thirty-two were of Aberdeen-Angus and Shorthorn breeding, including the whole of the animals gaining prizes. The reserve for the best steer in the show was a black polled two-year-old shown by Mr. Findlater, Jerviswood Mains, Lanark, and bred three parts to Aberdeen- Angus blood. The Earl of Rosebery with his two-year-old Aberdeen-Angus heifer Esmeralda of Dalmeny 5th won the female championship, and Sir John R. Gladstone was reserve with a two-year-old heifer by an Aberdeen- Angus sire, and out of an Aberdeen-Angus cross dam. Then the supreme championship of the show over all breeds went to the Earl of Rosebery's Aberdeen-Angus heifer. Thus it will be seen that the breed and its crosses carried off the leading honours of the show. The great testing centre is, however, the London Smithfield show, at which provision is made for all breeds and varieties of cattle reared in Great Britain. To win at Smithfield is the greatest feat in British fat stock show circles; it rep- resents the highest possible achievement in this department of British agriculture. Keen rivalry is always shown amongst feeders of the different breeds of cattle, for it is recognised that by this test is brought out the supremacy of any particular breed of cattle in regard to beef production. No breed of cattle has come so well through this test as the Aberdeen-Angus, for during the past seventeen years it has won nine championships, as against eight for all the other twelve breeds combined. This is a most notable record, and the mere mention of the fact is sufficient proof of the superiority of this breed of cattle over all others in the realm of beef production. At the latest show of the Smithfield Club honours fell thick and fast upon the breed and its crosses. One of the objects of the show is the encouragement of early maturity, and the fact that a heifer by an Aberdeen-Angus sire won the cup for the best animal under two years of age proclaimed the super- iority of the breed in the matter of early ripening for the block. In the competition for the best steer the breed won a double triumph, a two-year-old Aberdeen-Angus carrying off that enviable honour, while another two-year-old steer shown by Mr. Hudson, Danesfield, and bred by Mr. Green, Ruthrie, which though only second in its own class, was good enough to beat the representatives of all the other breeds. For the best heifer there was selected Mr. Hudson's three-parts Aberdeen-Angus heifer, and the Earl of Rosebery's two-year-old Aberdeen-Angus heifer was reserve. In the grand championship of the show Sir Richard Cooper's Aberdeen-Angus steer, bred by Colonel Mclnroy, the breeder also of the Smithfield champion of 1905, was declared to be the best fat beast in the British Isles, and reserve to him was placed Mr. Hudson's heifer, which shows three parts of Aberdeen-Angus breeding. This animal also won the cup for the best animal bred by exhibitor, and the two-year-old Aberdeen-Angus from Dalmeny was reserve. At no previous show has any breed established such a record. As indicating the favour for the 62 Aberdeen-Angus-Shorthorn cross and its superiority over all others it may be mentioned that of the thirty-seven entries in the cross classes Aberdeen-Angus breeding appeared in thirty-two cases, and Shorthorn in twenty-five cases, other breeds represented being Galloways, Devons, Sussex, and Jerseys, while of the prize winning animals in all the four classes there was only one in which Aberdeen- Angus breeding was not represented. In the carcase competition crosses of the breed were very successful. In the yearling steer class Sir Walter Gilbey was first with a steer out of an Aberdeen-Angus dam, and also won the championship of the section. At various other shows in England the Aberdeen-Angus breed was most honourably represented. At the Redhill show championships and many other successes fell to the breed. An Aberdeen-Angus steer bred by Mr. Strachan, Wester Fowlis, won the grand championship of the show, while at the Tonbridgf? Fat Stock show Mr. T. Wotton, in an Aberdeen-Angus steer, showed the reserve champion of the show. At the Leeds show champion honours went to a cross-bred steer shown by Mr. Chas. Emmerson, and Messrs. Coates & Son were reserve with an Aberdeen-Angus steer. At the Royal Dublin Winter Show the special for the best heifer and the reserve championship of the show were won by animals of Aberdeen-Angus breeding. The following puts in summary form the victories of the breed and its crosses at the leading shows: — NORWICH. — Best steer over all breeds. Best female over all breeds. Champion animal over all breeds. Reserve champion over all breeds. INVERNESS. — Champion over all breeds. FORRES. — Champion over all breeds. ABERDEEN. — Champion over all breeds. Reserve champion over all breeds. Best heifer in show. Best ox in show. Best butcher's animal. Best cow in show. Best bull in show. BIRMINGHAM. — Champion cross. Second best animal bred by exhibitor. Cham- pion over all breeds. EDINBURGH. — Second best steer over all breeds. Best and second best heifer over all breeds. Champion animal over all breeds. LONDON. — Best and second best cross. Best yearling over all breeds. Best and second best steers over all breeds. Best and second best heifers over all breeds. Best and second best animals bred by exhibitors. Champion and reserve champion animals over all breeds. Champion carcase. REDHILL. — Champion over all breeds. ToNBRIDGE. — Second best animal over all breeds. LEEDS. — Champion and reserve champion. DUBLIN. — Best heifer. Reserve champion. CHICAGO. — Champion and reserve champion over all breeds. 63 in o o o o -T O O O T •Suhb.1 U..OIHJOUS ^ 0000 -paUOd uibo u.ioq}_oqs eaig (N © (N O O _ O O — O vn O O u*\ O rr O O O O •SUJVH ^OOO^ ab.woiibo urea ujoqjjoqs 9j;s (N O O O O © o o o m © O O O •suhb.1 -r o © o o P 3 ii o d JioBia urea mfiooo uaoqj-oqs 9-MS N ooOO _- o — o © in o o o © TJ- © © © © CTN © O © O luoqjjoqs e -'!S CN O © CN © _ © © © © 'SUIJB-I U.10q}.lOqS -paiiod; urea ~D c cd CxO a U »\ a o V) -a a _ '53 o X J ~o ^ 03 £ t/3 u o © © "^ •Suijbj snSuy tj- © •■*■ © © u^a ^ © m © en (SOONO — © © © © -ueepaaqv u.ioqjjoqs 9-ug m ° © © © •Suhbj pei[o d M- ° O © © -u.ioqjaoqs ujbu en ° © © © penoa e.i;s -^ © © © o __©©©_- 10 © O © © •Sinjui ^f o © © © snSuv-uaapjaqv en o o © -ujoqjaoqg urea -— ' w <_; w snSuy-uaapjaqy ears fVI © © © © — — © O © x*i © © © © I -Siiub.1 ^ ^J" © T ° ujoqj.ioqs uiua CO © © © © snSuy-u39p.i9qv -_IS N NOON — o © © © in © m © ° ■3m%vd ^oo© p-iojaaan urea _ _ __ o snSuy-ugap.teqy a."S ^ >-_ >^-_ c C CN 3 CN 3 _i u V u U U «J u ' u 3 re c re 4) c >> (S re cvj ^i re fc» re «j > -a > -a c 3 l'< : i: I U| i ; a t^o^OO u.ioqj.ioqs ai !S ^,-,000 — OOOO •gUIJB.l -uaap.iaqy u.ioqvioqs 3J!S in ia in o o nSuy ^J- O ^r O t urea en o en o eN O O O Ol — 00 in O O m O Suhb.i snSuy ^r O O O T -uaep-iaqy urea en O O O en u.iom.ioqg e.us ^^qQn — O O in O O O O •Sut}B.i ssojo-pajiod ^r O O O O -tuoqj.ioqs urea en O O O O snSuv-u9ap.T8 iv 3-iis^ o - -a re re g » in — rg B rN 3 ^ 9 ». h » t; _c -a en en ^ — sai.ijua JO jaquinN _;_-.— — 66 in o o o o ■su,j*a -roooo puBiqSiH unset en O O O o uaoni-ions sj's noooo — o — o o in O O O o •3uiibj aamsjiCy Tr ° ° ^ ° -xbmoubo urea en o © © © ujomjons a.its c<| o o O o — O O O O in O *n o in •3ui}T3.i snSuv "*" """ ° ° ° -uaap.iaqv urea en en O O en u.ioq}joqs a.ng ex, cn © o (N — © o — o in in © © © ■anuw -r^roo© XBAiOJIBO IUBQ en © © © © uaoqjjoqs «-"S nj © © © O — © © © o in © © O © •Suijb.i sn3uy -*r © T © T -uaapjaqy urea en © © © © UOA8Q aaJS^oooO _ © © © © in o © o in Suijbj snSuy "*■ © © '*•" O -uaapjaqy uiBa en © m r^ © ujou}.ious w!S nOONO _© © •SUIJB.I ujoqjaoqs urea sn3uv-usap.i3qv ""> >n © © © T © © © © ^ © en en © ajtS > Si ^"2 > -o c C 3 cs 3 N fc- 1* OJ u 2 «3 >>"2 x"o 5 C CN 3 a; 4j v u _C .C saujua jo jaqiuriN sar-nua jo .laquinx 67 in O O O O ■q- T O n- O ■suntM ^oooo Ai3A\o|iBO urea luoqjjoqs 9-MS O O © uaoq}.ioqs a-iJS CN £ SdiJiug jo jequuiNj >- i- f f 4J O o 1, sai.iiua jo aaquin>j 68 t, u V T3 C CM 3 CN 3 i, 1> 41 V " ?2 ^ o V, _e jC in vO Om Smithfield Cross-Bred Champion and Reserve Champion Awards Steer or Heifer ]Qn J Champion— Shorthorn-Polled-Shorthorn Reserve Champion — A berdeen- Angus-Shorthorn- Aberdeen- Angus 1Qm \ Champion — Polled-Shorthorn-Polled | Reserve Champion — Shorthorn-Shorthorn-/! berdeen- Angus 1QfV J Champion — Shorthorn-Shorthorn-^terc/een-^ngus I Reserve Champion— Aberdeen- Angus-Shorllorn- Aberdeen- Angus .q ft ^ Champion — /lfcerJeen-/!ngus-Shorthorn I Reserve Champion — y^fcerJeen-^ngus-Shorlhorn 1Qn J Champion — Shorthorn-/! fcerjeen-/! ngus I Reserve Champion — Shorthorn- Aberdeen- Angus-Shorlhorn , qf)[ - ^ Champion — Shorthorn-/! berdeen- A ngus / Reserve Champion — Shorthorn-/! fcerdeen-/lngus-Shorthorn ,q nfi j Champion — Shorthorn-/! berdeen- A ngus | Reserve Champion — /!fcerdeen-/4ngus-/lkerJeen-/!ngus-Dexter 19D7* Champion — Shorthorn-/4fcerdeen-/!ngus I Reserve Champion— ^fcerJeen-/lngus-Shorlhorn 19(W Champion — Shorthorn- Aberdeen- Angus | Reserve Champion — /4fcerdeen-/lngus-Shorthorn ! Champion — A berdeen- A ngus-Shoi thorn-^ berdeen- A ngus 1909 | R eserve Champion — ^fcerJeen-/!ngu5-Cross Smithfield Grand Champion Awards GRAND CHAMPION STEER OR HEIFER RESERVE GRAND CHAMPION STEER OR HEIFER BREED BREED 1900 H erefovd Cross-bred Shorthorn-Polled-Shorthorn 1901 Aberdeen- Angus Cross-bred Polled-Shorthorn-Polled 1902 Aberdeen-Angus Cross-bred Shorthorn-Shorthorn- Aberdeen- Angus 1903 Cross-bred Shorthorn-/! berdeen- Aberdeen-Angus Angus 1904 Shorthorn A berdeen- Angus 1905 Aberdeen-Angus Shorthorn 1906 Shorthorn A berdeen- Angus 1907 Shorthorn Aberdeen- Angus 1908 Aberdeen- Angus Cross-bred Aberdeen- Angus-Shorthorn lono A U^J^r,. Ar,a,„ Cross-bred /Ifcerc/een-zlnjus-Shorthorn-^fcer- 1909 Aberdeen- Angus deen-Angus 69 Summary of Smithfield Show Awards The Smithfield Fat Stock Show in the sphere of Fat Stock Shows can be justly called the Supreme Court, and its decisions without question represent a true index of the best that has been produced and exhibited on the British Isles. Among the stockmen of the British Isles the Smithfield Show of London holds the same position of prestige as the International Exposition of Chicago holds among the stockmen of the United States and Canada. Further comparison would not be in order at this point; however, suffice it to say the Smithfield Show has been in existence for over one hundred years and without question has the most complete detailed classification worked out for finished fat stock, considering the field it has to perform its operations, and presents the results in the most concise and method- ical manner, of any Show. A review of the past ten Shows as given in the foregoing table reveals the bare, terse facts and shows that one hundred and ninety-five prizes were awarded, con- stituting three hundred and seventy-three different combinations of blood of the different breeds, which were won as follows: Aberdeen- Angus one hundred and sixty-six, Shorthorns one hundred and seventy-five, Galloways fifteen, Devon eleven, Herefords two, Highland one, Dexter two, Ayrshire one. In competition for Grand Champion honors, out of ten possible places, pure- bred Angus won five times and a cross-bred Shorthorn-Aberdeen-Angus once, pure- bred Shorthorn three times, pure-bred Hereford once. Pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus also won four Reserve Grand Championships and five of the other Reserve win- ners possessed Aberdeen-Angus or Polled blood, while a pure-bred Shorthorn won once and five of the other Reserve winners possessed Shorthorn blood. These results show that the Aberdeen-Angus and Shorthorns have furnished the bulk of the prize winners with Shorthorns a trifle in the lead in open Classes. To put the results in common phraseology, other breeds have simply not been in it as far as Smithfield results are concerned. It is in competition for the highest honors, Grand Championship, that the Aberdeen-Angus breed is distinguished and shows super- iority over the Shorthorn. The decisions of the Grand Championship honors show that when the pure-bred Shorthorns and their crosses, together with other breeds, were pitted against the Aberdeen-Angus and their crosses, the Aberdeen-Angus have overwhelmingly triumphed in gaining supremacy over the Shorthorns, as well as all other breeds in the production of high class beef. 70 PAN OP THE BURN 1909 Grand Champion Steer over all Breeds at Birmingham and London Smithfleld Shows. Bred by Col. Mclnroy, C. B. Fed and Exhib ited by Sir Richard Cooper, Bart. ESMERALDA OF DALMENY 5th 1909 Grand Champion Heifer over all breeds at Scottish National Fat Stock Show, Edinburgh, Scotland. Bred, Fed and Exhibited by Earl of Rosebery 71 SHORT LOIN OF A GRAND CHAMPION CARCASS RIB ROAST OF A GRAND CHAMPION CARCASS 72 Summary of Smithfield Carcass Contest Awards The table of results of the Carcass Contests of the past ten Smithfield Shows presents facts that are worthy of consideration by every Cattleman, Packer and Butcher. During the ten years thirteen different breeds took part in the contests, and one hundred and forty-four prizes were awarded which consisted of two hundred and twenty-two combinations. The number of combinations were lepresented by the various breeds as follows: Aberdeen-Angus eighty-six, Shorthorn sixty-one, Hereford six, Galloway sixteen, Welsh nineteen, Kerry nine, Dexter eight, Sussex six, Red Polled five, Devon two, Highland four. In competition for Championships for ten years, a pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus won three times, and six of the other Champions possessed Aberdeen-Angus blood. One Championsh p was won by a pure-bred Welsh, the only Championship out of a possible ten that was won by an animal that did not possess Aberdeen-Angus blood. Four of the Champion winners possessed Shorthorn blood ; one possessed Dexter blood, and another Hereford blood, and in each of the six cases there was a cross of Aberdeen-Angus blood. Out of ten Reserve Championship prizes, a pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus won three times and two of the other prize winners possessed Aberdeen-Angus blood. Four of the crosses that were Reserves possessed Shorthorn blood; two of them Galloway blood ; and the Ayrshire and Sussex were each represented once in form of a cross; a pure-bred Welsh won once and a pure-bred Highland once. Considering the four leading beef breeds that are chiefly recognized in America and Great Britain from a percentage standpoint, the table shows 38.7 per cent for Aberdeen-Angus, 27.4 per cent for Shorthorns, 7.2 per cent for Galloways, 2.7 per cent for Herefords. Prof. Wayne Dinsmore, in his review of the International Exposition Carcass Contest, states that Aberdeen-Angus lead as far as the International Contest is concerned, or in other words, he confines his remarks or argument to the contests of America. It is only necessary, however, to glance at the foregoing table to be convinced that Aberdeen-Angus have as good a record in Great Britain as in Amer- ica, when compared with the results of the Shorthorns, Herefords and Galloways. From the above deductions and a further realization of the fact that Smith- field and London are to the British Isles and Europe what Packingtown and Chicago are to the United States and / merica in regard to advancement in beef production and the formation of standards of quality for beef, there is but one con- clusion that can be arrived at by all those of sound judgment and that is that the bullocks of other beef breeds are not in it with the Aberdeen-Angus bullocks when they reach the butcher's block, the final test of all animals bred and raised for meat. 73 Smithfield Fat Stock Show Carcass Contest Awards, 1 900 - 1909 3 fa !jf 55 § % S "JSlJ&frf i i ! I J ^ M II 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 13545 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12 3 4 5 1900 steer 2 years and under 3 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 1900 steer under 2 years 00000 00000 00000 10000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 1900 heifer under 3 years 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 C0000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 02000 00000 00000 O00O0 00000 0a3 1901 sieer 2 years and under 3 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 02005 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 O00O0 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00000 00000 0b4 1901 sieer under 2 years 00000 00000 00000 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00005 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 10000 1901 heifer under 3 years 10000 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00000 0c5 1902 sieer 2 years and under 3 02000 00305 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 0000O 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 O0O00 00000 10000 1902 sieer under 2 years 02000 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 0d3 1902 heifer under 3 years 12000 00300 00000 00005 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 1903 steer 2 years and under 3 00040 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00000 10000 OOOOO 1903 sieer under 2 years 00005 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 10000 0e4 1903 heifer under 3 vears OOOOO OOOOO 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 00000 02000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00005 rl 0c3 1904 sieer 2 years and under 3 02000 00000 00000 00000 00300 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00005 1904 sieer under 2 years 00305 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00000 0»4 1904 heifer under 3 years 10005 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 02000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 00040 OOOOO 1905 sieer 2 years and under 3 00000 02000 00000 00000 OOOOO OOOOO 00005 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 10040 OOOOO 1905 sieer under 2 years . . 00000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00000 OOOOO 00040 00300 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 02000 00000 00000 00005 00000 10000 OOOOO 1905 heifer under 3 years 00000 OOOOO 00000 OOOOO 02000 10000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00005 00300 00000 00040 1906 sieer 2 years and under 3 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 10000 00005 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00040 00000 O2300 1906 sieer under 2 years 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 02000 00(100 00000 00000 10300 00000 00000 00005 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00040 1906 heifer under 3 years 00000 02000 10000 00000 00300 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00005 00000 00000 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 1907 sieer 2 years and under 3 00000 10040 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 001100 00000 00000 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00000 02005 OOOOO 1907 steer under 2 years 12000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00005 00000 00000 00000 00000 CO040 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00300 OOOOO 1907 heifer under 3 years 02000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 OOOOO 00300 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 Ll Ot5 1908 steer 2 years and under 3 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00005 00040 00000 00000 00300 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 02000 vl 1908 steer under 2 years 00045 OOOOO 10000 00000 00000 00000 02300 00000 00000 OOOOO OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 COOOO 00000 OOOOO 00000 OOOOi 1908 heifer under 3' vears OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00000 02300 OOOOO 00040 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00005 OOOOO nl 1909 sieer 2 years and under 3 02005 00000 00000 COOOO 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 00300 00000 00000 00000 00000 00040 00000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO qI i) ll (I 1909 sieer under 2 years 02005 OOOOO 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 OOOOO 10300 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 00040 OOOOO 1909 heifer under 3 years OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 10040 OOOOO OOOOO 02000 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO Or3 CO Sire Aberdeen-Angus Dam Sussex, (b) Sire Galloway. Dam Highland, (c) Sire Calloway. Dam Galloway-Shorthorn, (d) Sin Polled, Dam Ahrrdeen-Angus-Shnrthnrn. CO Shorthorn. CO Sire Black Polled. Dam Aberdeen-An 8 us.Shorthorn. (c) Sire Aberdeen- Angus. Dam Shorthorn-Orkney. (*) Sire unknown. Dam Calloway, (l ) Sire Sussex. Dam Shorthorn ( T ) Sire Red Polled, Dam Here- ford. Cv) Sire Calloway. Dam Ayrshire-Calloway, (n) Sire Aberdeen-AnglM, Dam Highland, (q) Highland. GRAND CHAMPION AWARDS RESERVE CRAND CHAMPION AWARDS BREED BREED 1900 Cross-bred Abtnlcen-AngtU -Hereford 1900 Cross-bred Shorthorn-Galloway 1901 Pure-bred AberJce„-A„t„, 1901 Pure-bred Abetia 1902 Pure-l.red Ahtrjeen-Anfui 1902 Pure-bred I 1903 Pure-bred Welsh 1903 Cl Polled !,■.,.,.■,■„ \„fu Shorthorn 1904 Cross-bred /IfWeen-zlnCiM-Shorlhorn 1904 Purebred Ahcl, 1905 Cross-bred /Jl«roW/4npu-Shorthorn 1905 Pure-bred Welsh 1906 Cross-bred Shorthorn-/f oer,/. 1906 CrOM-bred Shorlhorn-/lner.retn-4n«u J -Shorthorn 1907 Purebred /foe, Jeeri-Zlngus l<>07 Cross-bred Sussex-Shorthorn 1908 Cro „ 4„ R ,,,-Dexler 190^ I .Noway 1909 C.-oss-bred ! I 1909 Pur, b ri Highl Birmingham Fat Stock Show Awards Birmingham, England Cross-Bred Animals, Steers and Heifers 1900 u S bo C a> C ell o ** <" •p o l73 c2A 253 s ° 5 1 t; 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 u u 2 3 1 3 1 1902 £ CLASS oi o S 5 'A CL 5 G « JjO a a <£ bi O fci .5 2r CO 1 2 3 2 1 2 5° 2. si M s.s w 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 1904 oi J= m 5 w ki 55 02 12 3 12 3 1 3 steer 2 years and under 3 000 000 1 steer under 2 years 2 3 I 9 heifer 2 years and under 3 1 2 3 00 9 heifer under 2 years 03 020 o° SO 1 2 3 I 2 3 1 1905 J* So 1 2 3 9 steer 2 years and under 3 12 steer under 2 years 10 heifer 2 years and under 3 9 heifer under 2 years I . ■gfes ■B O B O bO 0>,C B 3 Is I s c * Jf o S S E 'i 5 ° £ * hr s|o |£ ■Soil J! . o^ so . o w " g do .5 <; to g.5 < ^ by e B 8 .e bo 02 g c co r- in B in 2q^2 IqS ,bOa OJ i m O) in — PC HI A s T3 o 5r si - -s. cd % 2, H S -' C B * c c x . g c w £bo X g £ co ?i a, 5 c bpi e« ^oi n So CO CO CO CO CO' CO' 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 .0 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 .0 .0 3 .0 2 3 1 u 1908 1 2 3 9 steer 2 years and under 3 00 10 steer under 2 years 3 7 heifer 2 years and under 3 10 heifer under 2 years 00 75 IS £ ?, „- „ 4) « O >- " 3 Ul S.S J § 8 ?« ■* g •*< _o g « ^ £ ^ 3 ~= Jg .2 J * P E e c i« e •- u '5 o -= ^ f E "" ^ ^ ^ ™ ."t; O | §1 -£ g=c v — S -^ ,_ U IS "S in c a 73 y > t) O CQ - CQ S-l c cs o JS s ^"2 s - ^- _Q — CQ >. 2 o <; 5 , -c g to -r u ~ _c !3 at E -£ >^ u -0 « -Q c **= C «J " 13 oo SST)C -° "° -c -« -_2 o e _p o 1-i ^ V a o U c J " _ \E i - Ji — «*- ra ^_C (J — _Q — _Q — _Q — ^3 — _Q — _Q — _a _Q ^g o c .■- _2 id w < c OOOOOOO O = JB 1 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOUJl/i "TJ-DomiOmiomiocoomiomio^omi i u uc<^ — m> — m, — c^ — m — m, ^ c^ ^ m .— "O c — ^- — > -£j _Q 1- V- !- - '- - 1- ■-_□!, >>>>uT3 ut) i)-0 u"T3 n"0 «j"D 4>-0 4)"D SI— J <0c00303030303030303t. U . u u t comb won th n, W« to the in the 13 E c ~5 u differen s blood, r, Devo adjacent is held -a 5 HVHA oooooooooooooooooo o o^cr-o^o^o^o^o s cr-cr'0^<3 s c^c^o v a v O s O v O N ^ <. seven Angu Dexte land, Show Of, C 79 Scottish National Fat Stock Show Awards Edinburgh, Scotland Cross-Bred Animals, Steers and Heifers 1900 13 sleer 2 years and under 3.. 15 steer under 2 years 3 heifer 2 years and under 3. . 7 heifer under 2 years 1 3«£ i oj o i T3 i S to -gta a m fa 3 go m c ? I* fa fa ^ T. a> *j<] ° fa" o ti■£«! 111 f|2 f| f| i|? HI ||: bj>. i- ■ < „ a -• £§s * *< «> . * 02 . S£ b -a) ' ti << m M <; to .a J5 « J3 ~ 6 W S 'Sa-S '££ "=£ K ES x £r.5 i |p<- loS 2^ M la<2 £ 02 02 CO to 02 123 123 123 123 123 6 steer 2 years and under 3.. ..0 00 020 000 103 000 1 1 steer under 2 years 00 120 000 000 003 6 heifer 2 years and under 3. ...0 03 020 100 000 000 7 heifer under 2 years 00 003 000 020 100 81 1907 1 1 2 3 1 53 1 2 3 2 2 m * C tJ £q CO 3) ^ o t.^ .G 0^< S 3 ■3 ^ -*g.S c bo.- •< bo S.S £ 01 CO - 3 c bo Sell ®^5 |pi © ^ c tJ £M Ifi<2 _t. M < t. 2; co 53 CO CO CO 'co CO 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 7 steer 2 years and under 3. . ..2 3 1 9 1 3 2 3 heifer 2 years and under 3 . . ..0 2 1 3 8 3 1 2 1909 © j- § CLASS. ^ x; n ,Q c bo g CO 1 2 3 1 1 steer 2 years and under 3 1 12 steer under 2 years 6 heifer 2 years and under 3 .... 1 03 9 heifer under 2 years < g A i c i So sS r- £ to dj o ?£ " a? t- O h+j O ^ fe 2 - < ^ ^ .C © d £«2 s: o 7 ^H rfl*< i^s rfic .25 . sS S