F 294 .P9 D35 Copy 1 HISTORIC AUGUSTA A Brief Description of the Monuments and Places of Historical Interest in and around Augusta, Ga. BY AUGUSTUS WILFRID DELLQUEST PRICE 25 CENTS A. W. DELLQUEST BOOK COMPANY Augusta, Georgia 1917 HISTORIC AUGUSTA I' age 17 Mme. Oclavia Walloti Lc Vert (18 10-1877) SEP 22 1917 HISTORIC AUGUSTA A Brief Description of the Monumerils and Places of Historical Interest in and around Augusta, Ga. BY AUGUSTUS WILFRID DELLQUEST PRICE 25 CENTS A. W. DELLQUEST BOOK COMPANY Augusta, Georgia 1917 Copyright, igij By a. W. Dellquest Book Company Augusta, Georgia / kl,A476195 SEP 22 1917 ) PREFACE ''HISTORIC AUGUSTA," has been written in response to the demand for a concise historical sketch of Auj^usta. Its ])uq30se is to describe the landmarks, monuments, and points of interest, in such a way that a stranger will feel that Augusta is something more than a name — a live, up-to-date Southern city, rich in historical associations. It is the hope of the author that these pages will help awaken a further interest in the history of Augusta, and that her citizens may fully appreciate the significance of the part she has played in the history of our country. Atigustus Wilfrid Dcllqucst. THE city of Aupjusta, Ga., was named in honor of the royal Princess Augusta. It was laid out in 1735 by direction of General Ogle- Settlement thorpe. About 135 miles above the mouth of the Savannah River was the colonial Fort Augusta. Under the protection of the garrison, the rude cabins of the pioneers were built. Fifteen years later, after St. Paul's Church was erected, the town became an impor- tant trading post. Augusta was a strategic position througliout the American Revolution. When the war was over, and a free and independent nation declared, Augusta once more settled down to peaceful pursuits. For more than half a century the town enjoyed an Develop- increase in population and prosperity; and being so ment favorably located, rapidly grew into one of the largest and most important cities of Georgia. In 1861, upon the outbreak of the Civil War, Georgia joined her sister states and fought for the cause of the Confed- eracy. During the four years of the Civil War, Augusta, though herself unscarred by the ravages of war, played an important part among the cities of the South. After struggling through the effects of so desolating a war, Augusta began her period of recon- struction. Henceforth the city had many years of uninter- rupted peace, and experienced great industrial and commercial growth. Augusta is to-day the second largest inland cotton market in the world, and has a national reputation as a winter resort. Playing so significant a role in the history of her country, Augusta possesses many monuments and historic places which are reminders of the glorious events of past years. About ten miles from Augusta is the private burial Old Twigg's gr(nnid of the Twiggs family. In this historic cemetery Burial He buried two distinguished soldiers — General David Ground Emanuel Twiggs, a hero of the Mexican and Civil wars, and General John Twiggs, a valiant Revolution- ary officer. General David E. Twiggs was awarded a jeweled sword by Congress for his bravery in the war with Mexico. At the beginning of the Civil War he joined the Confederate Army, and fought for the cause of the South. A short inscription appears on each tombstone. East of Augusta, near Sand Bar Ferry, is the Old Old Dueling DueHng Ground. Duels were fought here during the Ground ante-bellum days. The place is now of interest as the reminder of a custom long since gone. Just across the Savannah River is the village of First R. R. Hamburg, S. C. In 1833 the first steam railroad in in America America was completed, and in operation between Hamburg and Charleston, S. C. During the Civil War the road was used for the transportation of troops and supplies. At the lower end of Reynolds Street, in the rear of Fort Corn- where old St. Paul's Episcopal Church stood, is a wallis monument which marks the site of the colonial Fort Monument Augusta, known throughout the Revolution as Fort Cornwallis. When the colonies were fighting for independence, many sharp skirmishes ensued around Fort Cornwallis. The monument consists of a large Celtic cross, made of granite. At the base lies an old cannon, probably the most historic relic in Augusta, which was part of the original armament of the fort. About this site the town of Augusta was settled, and eventually developed into the beautiful and flourishing city of to-day. In front of the monument stood historic St. Paul's Old St. Episcopal Church, erected in 1750; rebuilt in 1786, Paul's and again in 18 19. St. Paul's was the oldest edifice in Augusta. Around it were enacted stirring events of the Revolution. It was used alternately as a bar- racks and hospital for the British and American troops. At one time the interior of the church was nearly destroyed by the fire of an American cannon. Lieu- tenant-General Leonidas Polk, Bishop of Louisiana, and "soldier-priest of the Confederacy," is buried beneath a sanctuary of St. Paul's. This historic old landmark was destroyed when the conflagration of March 22, 19 16, left a large part of the city in ashes. Since the destruction of Old St. Paul's, a new church has been erected, modeled after the design of the original one. The burial ground of St. Paul's was once a blood- stained battlefield, but is now a peaceful city of the dead. The remains of many famous persons lie buried St. Paul's there. An interesting grave is that of Marshall For- Burial syth, a Revolutionary soldier. He was a member of Ground the Order of Cincinnati, a famous patriotic society, founded in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The insignia of the society are on his tombstone. A nephew of George Washington lies buried in this ceme- tery. Here also are the graves of Oliver Bowen and William Longstreet. Bowen was a commodore in the American Navy of the Revolution. Longstreet is said to have operated successfully a steamboat on the Savannah River prior to the latmching of the "Clearmont" bv Robert Fulton. " Old Saint Paul's" Near the present location of the Cotton Exchange Mayhan once stood the old Mayhan Tower. When Fort Corn- Tower wallis and St. Paul's Parish were in possession of tjie British, the Americans built the tower of logs, and upon the summit movmted a six-inch cannon. By this means, they were able to rake the interior of the enemy's garrison with a deadly fire. At the corner of Broad and Center streets stands a Old Market large stone column, once part of the Old Market. Site After the Civil War, the market was destroyed by a tornado, leaving but a single pillar to mark the site. In front of St. James Church, at the lower end of Confederate Greene Street, is a cenotaph erected to the memory of Cenotaph those members of the Sunday school who were slain in the Civil War. The shaft of the cenotaph is of granite. The cost of erecting the memorial was over $5,400. Directly in front of the court house, on Greene Signer's Street, is a tall stone obelisk in honor of George Walton, Monument Lyman Hall, and Button Gwinnett, the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence. It was erected by the State in 1848. Beneath it are interred the ashes of George Walton and Lyman Hall. Opposite the Signers' Monument is the Richmond Court County Court House, built in 1820. Henry Clay House delivered an oration there, and many prominent men have practiced within its walls. In 1896, the court house was remodeled and enlarged, thereby making it one of the handsomest and largest court houses in the State. The Academy of Richmond County, on the 500 Academy of block of Telfair Street, is the oldest institution of Richmond learning in Georgia. It was founded in 1783, by order County of General Oglethorpe. When George Washington made his memorable visit to Augusta on May 18, 1791, a ball was given in his honor at the Richmond Acad- emy. He afterward attended a public examination held there. So impressed was the great chieftain by the excellence of the work, that he gave autographed books to the students as prizes. When the Civil War broke out, the Academy was converted into a hospital by the Confederate Government. Former Governor William H. Crawford was a member of the faculty. Few high schools or colleges can boast of a greater number of distinguished members of their alumni than can the Richmond Academy. The school now covers nearly an entire block and embraces, besides the original structure, a technical building and a dormi- tory. Plans for the erection of a new auditorium building have been made. The old Medical College, a branch of the University Old of Georgia, is at the corner of Washington and Telfair Medical streets, not more than half a block from the Academy. College This medical school had the distinction of Ijeing the oldest in Georgia. It was founded in 1828 by Dr. Milton Antony, an eminent ph\'sician, whose grave is in front of the college building. After the com]:)letion of the new University Hospital, the old Medical Col- lege and the former hospital building became a part of the Richmond Academy. A block to the west of this edifice is the First Pres- First byterian Church, founded in 1804. During the Civil Presbyterian War, it was utilized as a military hospital. For twelve Church years Dr. Jos. R. Wilson, father of President Woodrow Wilson, was pastor of the church. During that time, President Wilson spent a part of his boyhood days in Augusta. In front of the Sunday school building is a life-size statue of Rev. Robert Irvine, a noted divine, for many years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. Rev. Irvine lies buried in front of the church which he so faithfully served. From 1 786 T 796, Augusta was the capital of Georgia. Capital The state house was situated on the east side of Site Mcintosh Street, between Broad and Ellis. Four governors held office in Augusta. The State Legis- lature met there at irregular intervals during the period of the Revolution. One of the finest monuments in the South is the Confederate monument to the Confederate dead, at the middle of Monument Broad Street between Mcintosh and Jackson streets. This beautiful tribute was erected in 1878 by the Ladies' Memorial Association at a cost of over $17,000. The shaft is of Italian marble, and towers to a height of about eighty-five feet. On the comers of the shaft are the life-size statues of Generals Robert E. Lee, " Stonewall" Jackson, William Walker, and Thomas Cobb. Above the statues and upon the i)innacle is the figure (jf a Confederate sentinel leaning upon his musket and gazing ahead. Appropriate inscrii^tions are on each side. The monument is a model of excellent workmanship. It is admired by all as a fitting tribute to the soldiers of the Confederacy, and stands as an evidence of the untiring efforts of the women of the South. 13 Colonel Samuel Hammond, member of Congress, Hammond and a distinguished officer of the Revolution, is honored Monument by a small monument located on the 700 block of Greene Street, between Washington and Mcintosh. It was erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution. A bronze bust of Colonel Hammond is on the top. On the 800 block of Greene Street, near Jackson Four Poets' Street, stands the Four Poets' Monument. It was Monument presented to the city of Augusta in 19 13 by Anna Russell Cole. This monument was erected in memory of James R. Randall, Sydney Lanier, Father Ryan, and Paul Hamilton Hayne, four noted poets of Georgia. They will always be remembered as gifted contributors to American literature. A selected verse from their poems appears on each side of the monument. In the beautiful Barrett Plaza, in front of the Union Monument Passenger Station, is a statue of Hon. Patrick Walsh. to Patrick Patrick Walsh was one of Augusta's greatest citizens. Walsh He was United vStates Senator, Mayor of the city, and for many years editor of the Augusta Chronicle. At the east side of Barrett Plaza is the new Post Office Building, one of the finest in the country. On the 1200 block of Greene Street is a handsome Richard monument, erected in honor of the famous poet, Henry Richard Henry Wilde. His poem, " My Life is Like the Wilde Summer Rose," has been considered one of the most Monument beautiful poems of our literature. Had Wilde written but this one poem, it alone would be sufficient to perpetuate his name, and secure for him a place in the galaxy of immortal poets. He was noted for the purity of his verses, their ringing rhythm, and striking literary merit. The memorial is very fitting indeed, and stands as a reminder of the excellency of the literary productions of the South. A verse from "My Life is Like the Summer Rose," is on one side of the monument : " My life is like the summer rose That opens to the morning sky. But ere the shades of evening close Is scattered on the ground to die." There is probably no place in Augusta of greater Meadow historical interest than the Meadow Garden, former Garden home of Governor Walton. George Washington used the Meadow Garden for his headquarters while in Augusta. The Daughters of the American Revolution have preserved this old landmark, cared for it, and converted it into a museum of colonial relics. George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Governor of Georgia, lived there for many years. Meadow Garden is located west of Thirteenth Street, near the canal, surrounded by mills and factories. "Although Georgia was not represented in the First White Continental Congress, yet her children were not less House alive to the teachings of liberty." The spirit of inde- i:)endence flourished in the vicinity of Augusta. The building known as the " White House," still standing on upper Broad Street, was the scene of a fierce skirmish between the colonial patriots and the British. In 1780 both forts at Augusta were in possession of the British. Colonel Elijah Clark and Major Samuel Taylor, with a force of about four hundred plucky Americans, made an attempt to drive the English troops from Augusta. Major Taylor surprised a party of Indians, who promptly retreated to the " White House," supported by a detachment of British troops. Unaware of the presence of Clark, the English offi- cers. Brown and Grierson, left the two forts and has- tened to the " White House " to capture Taylor. In the meanwhile Colonel Clark took possession of the forts. Leaving a guard at those places, Clark hurried to the " White House" to assist Taylor. The American troops began to storm this building in an attempt to dislodge the enemy. For nearly three days a steady fire was trained u])on Siege of the stronghold. At length the Indians assisting the White Colonel Brown were repulsed, and it appeared that House the British would be compelled to surrender due to lack of water. Just when a victory for Clark seemed imminent, a force of 500 British regulars arrived at the scene. The besiegers were soon forced to retreat to the mountains. Brown taking over twenty-five American prisoners. 15 He and the Indians then proceeded to gratify their Massacre desire for revenge upon the unfortunates. Captain of the Ashby and twelve wounded Americans were merci- Prisoners lessly hanged upon a stairway of the " White House," while Brown and the Indians looked on. Other pris- oners were turned over to the Indians to torture. "Terrible were the demoniac acts at Augusta bn that beautiful auttimnal day, when the white and the red savage contended for the meed of cruelty." In front of the John P. King mill, near the canal, is Old Powder an old brick powder chimney, once part of one of the Chimney largest powder plants in America. During the Civil War, this factory mainly supplied the Confederate Army with powder. A tablet has been placed in the side of this chimney which tells its history. Not far from the old chimney, near the Riverside Site of mills, is the site of the colonial Fort Grierson, of which Ft. Grierson no vestige remains. This fort, together with Fort Cornwallis, composed the revolutionary defense of the city. When the steamship "Titanic" was sunk, with over Butt a thousand men, women, and children on board, many Memorial of the men stepped aside in obedience to the unwritten Bridge law of the sea. Among these was Major Archibald W. Butt, military aide to President Taft, and a citizen of Augusta. In his honor a splendid memorial bridge has been built by his fellow citizens. The bridge spans the canal at Fifteenth Street, near Greene Street. In the immediate vicinity of the Butt Memorial Cahill Bridge is a monument erected in honor of Dennis Monument Cahill. Dennis Cahill was drowned in the canal while attempting to save the life of another. In North Augusta, S. C, east of Carolina Avenue, is a monument erected in 19 16 in memory of Thomas McKie Meriwether. Yotmg Meriwether was slain in the Hamburg riot. He died defending the principles of the South, during the tumultuous period of recon- struction. On the Hill, or Summerville, is the United States Arsenal, established in 1827, during the administration of President Adams. When Georgia seceded from the Union, the Arsenal was seized by the Confederate 16 Meriwether Monument U. S. Arsenal authorities. The site was chosen by the Government for an arsenal because of the dryness of the atmosphere, and the great advantaj^^e with which guns and i^owder can be stored. The Augusta Arsenal is the only arsenal south of Philadelphia and cast of San Antonio. A short distance from the arsenal, on Monte Sane Chateau Avenue, is the large mansion known as Chateau Le Le Vert Vert. It was the home of Mme. Octavia Walton Le Vert, a famous traveler and authoress. Madame Le Vert was granddaughter of Governor George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. She was a woman of extraordinary abilities; a learned linguist and widely known throughout America and Europe by famous persons. Her body lies buried in the private cemetery at the arsenal. A modest tomb- stone with a short inscription marks her grave. To the rear of Wheless railroad station, on the road, McKinley running through Camp Hancock to the Hill, is a granite Marker marker, placed by the citizens of Richmond County, at the spot where President McKinley alighted from the train, upon his visit to Augusta. Among the famous persons born, or formerly residing Gen. Joseph in Augusta, it is a])propriate to mention General Wheeler Joseph Wheeler. General Wheeler was distinguished for his undaunted bravery and remarkable military career. He was born a few miles west of the city, in the territory now known as Aumond. The old Whitney Place is a short distance from Old Whitney Augusta. It is a monument to the industrial progress Place of the nation. It was there where Eli Whitney oper- ated the first cotton gin. By the invention of the cotton gin he revolutionized the chief factor in the ui)building of the Southern States. A memorial tablet in memory of Whitney has been placed within the walls of the Richmond County Court House. South of Augusta is Richmond Hill, the former home of William Schley. Schley was governor of Georgia and a noted statesman. The former home of Paul Hamilton Hayne, the dis- Copse Hill tinguished poet, is known as Copse Hill, about fourteen miles from the city, near Grovetown. Here he com- 17 posed his delightful verses, which have since made him famous as "Am,erica's greatest lyric poet." His son William Hamilton Hayne, now residing in Augusta, is also a poet of national reputation. The cemeteries of Augusta contain many historic Cemeteries graves. In the City Cemetery lie buried James R. of Augusta Randall, Richard Henry Wilde, and Paul Hamilton Hayne. Randall wrote the stirring poem, " Maryland, My Maryland." Richard Henry Wilde, poet, orator, statesman, and author of " My Life is Like the Summer Rose," is spoken of above. Paul Hamilton Hayne lies buried near Randall and Wilde. In the Summerville Cemetery, on the Hill, two former governors of Georgia lie buried — Charles Jenkins and John Milledge. The grave of Charles C. Jones, Jr., the learned historian, is also here. In the private cemetery at the United States Arsenal, rest the remains of Madaine Octavia Walton Le Vert and General William H. T. Walker. General Walker was a distinguished Confederate officer. He was killed in the Battle of Atlanta, at the head of his division. William Glascock, a revolutionary patriot, is buried on his plantation, a few miles east of Augusta. He was a member of the First Provincial Congress and one of the founders of the Richmond Academy. William Glascock's son, Thomas Glascock, lies buried at his home, known as the "Mills," some few miles north of Augusta. Thomas Glascock was a brigadier- general in the Colonial Army. These historic landmarks are a source of interest to every visitor of Augusta. But there are still other places which add to the charm of the city. Two of the large tourist hotels of Augusta are located Tourist on the Hill — the Bon Air Hotel and the Partridge Inn. Hotels These hotels are splendidly located and each winter attract many 'tourists, who annually choose Augusta as their winter home. The new University Hospital at Augusta is con- University sidered as ranking among the finest in the United Hospital States. The medical department of the University of Georgia is conducted in connection with the hospital. The cotton mills and factories of Augusta are mainly supplied with power by the Aujjjusta canal system. The Augusta canal is seven miles long and is owned by the city. There are many elegant churches in Augusta, embrac- Schools and ing nearly every denomination. The jmblic school Churches system of Augusta is classed among the best in the South. Over fifteen schools, for both white and colored pupils, are included in the educational system of Richmond County. In the early fall, two handsome new school buildings will be read}' for occui)ancy — the Houghton Grammar vSchool and the Tubman High School. The former buildings were destroyed by the conflagration of March 22, 19 16. The Augtista Chronicle, established in 1785, is the oldest newspaper in the South. Many prominent men have filled its editorial chair. The fame of Augusta as a health resort has increased yearly. Without a doubt, advantages enjoyed by few cities, are found in the "Tourist City of the South." BIBLIOGRAPHY 'Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution," by Benson J. Lossing. 'History of Augusta," by Jones and Dutcher. 'History of Georgia," by Charles C. Jones, Jr. 'History of Edgefield County, South Carolina," by Chapman. 'War Between the States," by Alexander H. Stephens. 'Handbook of Georgia," by Derry. 'Historical Collections of Georgia," by White. 'Statistics of Georgia," by White. 'History of the State of Georgia," by Avery. 'Story of Georgia and the Georgia People," by Geo. G. vSmitli. 'History of Georgia," by McCall. 'Gazeteer of Georgia," by Sherwood. Living Writers of the South," by J. W. Davidson. 'Standard History of Georgia and Georgians," by Lucian L. Knight. 'Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends," by L. L. Knight. 'Story of St. Paul's Parish," by Rev. C. C. Wilhams. 'Cyclopedia of Georgia," edited by Candler and Evans. 'History of Georgia," by Stevens. 20 a Browser Al'O^VoXl >0^ C^ T^ ^^^ appreciate what is literary or educational, there is one place in Augusta with enough good books -^^^^^S to keep you inter- ested for hours. Every school child or person of a literary turn of mind knows the location of DELLQUEST'S NEW AND OLD BOOK SHOPS, 213-215 Seventh St. (Mcintosh) near Broad, just around the corner in the Leonard Building. You will find here books that are up-to-date; books in fine bindings for presentation; standard sets; rare and out-of- print and antique books; books on all subjects and in various languages in fact anything that is a book. But first of all you will find a cordial welcome, whether you buy or not. The A. W. Dellquest Book Company have been in business longer than any other book and stationary firm in Augusta. With expert bibliographic and literary knowledge, personal acquaintance with the European book markets, and over twenty-five years' experience in buying, selling, and hunting books, you will find a most satisfactory service at Dellquest's. From here, books have been shipped to all parts of the world, and a special feature of the business is the hunting up of old out-of-print and scarce books, autographs, ex- libris, etc. Send in your list of wants today. Cash will be paid for anything from a little pamphlet, document, or engraving to the very largest library. Executors and others having books, etc., to dispose of, are invited to communicate with DELLQUEST'S "•"^l^" BOOK SHOPS 213-215 Seventh St., Leonard Building AUGUSTA, GA. The advertisements are from responsible parties only. In dealing with them please mention HISTORIC AUGUSTA GEORGIA RAILROAD BANK AUGUSTA, GA. Capital and Surplus $1,150,000.00 ACCOUNTS SOLICITED WE SOLICIT COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS WE ISSUE INTEREST-BEARING CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT THE CITIZENS & SOUTHERN BANK 709 Broad Street :: AUGUSTA, GA. NO ACCOUNT TOO LARGE :-: NONE TOO SMALL ATTACH AN ELECTRIC IRON To Any Convenient Socket and Do Your Ironing in Cool Comfort AUGUSTA-AIKEN RAILWAY & ELECTRIC CORP. 211 Eighth St. - - -- -- Phone 2751 LOMBARD FOUNDRY, MACHINE BOILER WORKS and MILL SUPPLY STORE AUGUSTA, GEORGIA Capacity, 300 Hands :-: Hundred Thousand Feet Floor Space Cotton, Oil, Gin, Saw, Grist, Fertilizer, Cane, Shingle Mill Machinery Supplies and Repairs and Castings, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, Wood, Coal and Sawdust Grate Bars, Pumps, Pipe, Valves and Fittings, Injectors, Belting, Packing, Hose, Etc. Cast every day. One hundred machines and good men ready to do your work quick. p/^U pv Motor Cars, Supplies and Repairs in Stock ryJiXiJ ... QUICK DELIVERY The Perkins Manufacturing Co. Yellow Pine Lumber Mill Work, Doors, Sash and Blinds AUGUSTA, GA. Absolutely Pure Ice Veribest Coal Unsurpassed Service Let us serve you Atlantic Ice and Coal Corp. DRINK Coca-Cola IN BOTTLES. IT'S BETTER ALFRED T. HEATH WILLIAM MARTIN Real Estate and Insurance FURNISHED COTTAGES PKone 781 219-220 Masonic Building Augusta, Ga. HOTEL GENESTA {EUROPEAN) AUGUSTA, GEORGIA High Class Restaurant in Connection. Table d'Hote and a la Carte Service (SMOKING PERMITTED) E. C. STULB, Proprietor Rand McNally A Co. Chicago LIBRARY OF CONGRESS lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 014 499 386 fl n