Glass. Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT yt ^, ">. >\^ esqJe ACKINAC i b"^ /J PRICE 25 CTS. A Lake Tou r ICTURESQUE ACKINAC HISTORICAL A^^D DESCRIPTIVF.. By C. D. WHITCOMB. DETROIT, MICH. 1884. Entered according to Act of Congress, m the year 1884, By C. D. WHITCOMB, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. CONTENTS. Page. Vacation 5 Where to Go 6 Cleveland — Fares to Mackinac Island 8 " Historical 14 ' Leaving time of steamers City of Detroit and Northwest, 18 Description of steamer's engines 18 " Courses and running time of steamers, and points of interest en-route from 20 Detroit — Historical 24 Fares from Cleveland and Detroit to summer resorts of Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior 36 Fares from Detroit to Mackinac Island 38 St. Clair Flats, cottages, club houses and hotels of squatters 42 Marine City 45 St. Clair Mineral Spring 43 The Oakland Hotel 49 Port Huron and Huronia Beach 54 Fort Gratiot, courses from 56 Sand Beach 58 Oscoda 68 Harrisville 70 Alpena 72 Cheboygan 78 " Trip through the Island lakes to Petoskey 80 Mackinac Island — Historical 82 " Descriptive 86 " Points of Interest 89 " Summer Resort Association 94 " Annals by D. H. Keiton 96 St. ignace — Historical 98 One Hundred Islands-Sault Ste. Marie-Manistique-Mackinac City.. 102 Petoskey — Bay View 104 Harbor Springs — Charlevoix 105 Courses, Running Time and Points of Interest from Mackinac Island to Detroit and Detroit to Cleveland 108 Jeff 109 Time Table Steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland 110 24 O'clock System , Ill ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Steamer City of Mackinac, from a painting by S. A. Whipple .Cover Mackinac Island, from a painting inst'rCityof Mackinac, by R. Echlin 7 Cleveland — Viaduct 9 " Lake View Park 11 " Harbor, from painting in stm'r City of Detroit, by R. Echlin 13 High Bridge Glens, Cuyahoga Falls, 15 17 " Light House 19 " Scene in Public Square 21 " Gordon Park 23 Wade Park 25 St. Clair Mineral Spring — River Bank 27 Front Street 29 " " Driving Park .. 31 Detroit — From a painting in Steamer City of Cleveland, by R. Echlin 33 St. Clair Mineral Springs — View in Oakland Grove 37 Detroit — General offices, warehouse and wharf D. & C. S. N. Co. ... 39 St. Clair Flats and Government Canal — Sketched by Ed. Molitor. ... 41 St. Clair Mineral Spring — River Bank 43 School 45 Bowling Alley of the Oakland House 47 Somerville School River Front 49 School and Church 51 Drive Along the River Bank 53 Port Huron — Bird's Eye View of River. Sketched by Ed. Molitor... 55 Mackinac Island — Leaning Rock and View of Main Street 57 Sand Beach — Bird's Eye View of Harbor sketched by Ed. Molitor. ... 59 St, Clair Mineral Springs — Drive on River Road 61 " " River scene 63 Mackinac Island — Fort Holmes 65 Arch Rock 67 Oscoda — Bird's Eye View of Harbor, sketched by Ed. Mol-tor 69 Alpena — " " " " " " " ...... 71 Mackinac Island — Sugar Loaf, or Pyramid Rock 73 " " Lover's Leap 75 Camping scene, .near Mullett Lake House 77 Cheboygan — Bird's Eye View of Harbor, skrtched by Ed. Molitor. . . 79 " View on Inland lakes route to Petoskey, Indian River.. 81 Mackinac Island — Bird's Eye View, sketched by Ed. Molitor 83 John Jacob Aster House 85 On the Beach 87 View of Traverse City 89 Robinson's Folly 91 Family Scene at Bay View 93 Mission House 95 Gun Platform, Fort Mackinac 97 St. Ignace — Connection of steamers and railroad 99 St. Clair Mineral Spring — Residences near 101 One Hundred Islands — Camp of Pittsburg Rod and Gun Club 103 Petoskey— Old Chief . . .105 Harbor Springs — Margaret Boyd and Son . 107 Jeff— Last Call for Dinner 109 24 O'clock Dial Ill Cabin plans City of Mack , City of Cleve., City of Det., Northwest.. 1 12 A Lake Tour ICTURESQ UE VACATION. — Herbert Spencer, in his after dinner speech at the New York banquet said ; " We have had somewhat too much of the gospel of work. It is time to preach the gospel of relaxation." Looking all around us upon this high pressure of American life, we cannot but be convinced of the truth of these words. The editor of the Popular Science Monthly, commenting upon some objections and mis- apprehensions which were raised regarding this speech, says : " Mr. Spencer did not so much condemn strenuous work, in which, indeed' he believes, as the lack of compensating recreations to countervail its mischievous effects." And again, " he has proved the value of recre- ation as tributary, not only to length of life, but to the perfection of work." We all know that to repair the exhaustion of nerve and brain, to which people of active intellects are every day subjected, there is no cure but absolute rest. And rest does not merely mean a cessation of work, but a diversion of the mind into new and pleasant channels. This can be most successfully accomplished by a return to Nature, and a complete surrender of one's self to her kindly ministrations. It seems like idleness to be lolling around at the seashore, at the country farm, or among the mountains, but it is really a repairmg and oiling of the human machinery, necessary to the better future accom- plishment of work. The superior man is the one who makes the best use of his natural forces ; the inferior person uses up his vitality, in the shortest space of time. A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac If, therefore, the brain-workers can find for themselves rest and recreation during the months of July and August, thus renewing the chief forces of life, the whole community, directly or indirectly, gains thereby. To accomplish this result there are many ways, perhaps none more efficacious than a water trip. As a recent writer has said: " It is truly astonishing how completely we leave carping cares behind as soon as we are fairly afloat. We seem to cut loose from ail worries and anxieties, and to be drifting out from the sight and sound of all reminders of the office, study, workshop or household. On the well regulated steamer we are relieved from small responsibilities and annoyances, and in the serene enjoyment of bodily comfort we float lazily and dream, become interested in humanity around us, or the ports into which we occasionally come, and are not expected to be up to the strict requirements of entertaining or being entertained. In one sense it is Bohemia into which we have entered, and we revel in the freedom, the dolce far niente, tho pure, bracing air, and the beauties of sky and sea in which we find ourselves. We watch with a sort of fascination, the leaping spray at the steamer's bow, and fall to noting the ever-changing billows, perhaps remembering Ruskin's remark about the marvellous coloring of a wave. We enter into the little pro- jects for amusement started by other passengers, or perhaps, originate them ourselves, with the zest of a child. In short, on shipboard, whether it be on the ocean or the great iakes, we live a new, novel and fresh life, such as we never at any time experienced upon land. WHERE SHALL WE CO? To those who enjoy great Nature's work, we would say that Mackinac Island is among the grandest and most romantic. Visitors are voluble with story and legend of every bold cliff and cave and fallen rock around the island shores, and many a pencil, brush and camera are brought to bear on the wonders found. The invalid comes here because of the wonderful purity of the atmosphere, the climate being especially noted as a sanitarium for hay fever and bronchial affections. Great numbers annually visit this region to escape from or get relief for these maladies, many experiencing an improvement immediately on entering Lake Huron. The adventurous also comes because the surrounding region offers such endless attractions within easy reacK that he cannot fail to find variety if he seeks it. We challenge criticism in saying that no other resort possesses these entertaining features to such great extent, and none is more accessible. Every section of our country sends visitors 6 im>,l\f-'im> j|ili!|j{!||||||{ ill Iplr ''ill ' II I i. A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac annually to this region, and their testimony will substantiate our claims. Gamey fish in great variety lurk in all the numerous inland lakes and rivers, with which the wonderful State of Michigan abounds, while its forests which are the hiding places of more than the usual varieties of furred and feathered creatures, afford facilities for fine sport. Mackinac Island is reached by the Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Company, by their pleasant route through the lakes, with a splendid line of palatial side-wheel iron steamers, the largest, swiftest and most luxurious of any on fresh waters, the excellence and complete- ness of whose service caused the writer to select their line as the con- necting link by water to this famed island resort and sanitarium. The few landings made enroute are just sufficient to interest without being tedious. During the summer months their steamers stop at the Island, both going and returning, which gives those who wish to return on the same trip, from four to six hours in which to view the curiosities and the wonders of the place, carriages being always on hand on arrival ; or, by remaining until the next steamer, over thirty-six hours is given. Return tickets are good by either steamer on any trip during the season. The round trip occupies but four and one-half days from Cleveland. By stopping over at the Island from one steamer to another you would be gone six and one-half days, so that your stay can be lengthened by about two days, as best suits your convenience. Passengers taking this company's steamers, City of Detroit and Northwest, which leave Cleveland every week day at 20,30 o'clock, can time it to make close connections at Detroit with the steamers City of Mackinac or City of Cleveland, which leave Detroit every Wednesday and Friday morning at 10 o'clock, and Monday and Saturday nights at 22 o'clock for Mackinac. The quickest trip and closest connection from Cleveland is made by taking the company's steamer City of Detroit Tuesday or Thursday evening. WHAT WILL IT COST? This depends somewhat on circum- stances. Tickets covering transportation only are very cheap, being only $4.50 one way, or $7.00 for round trip from Cleveland: (half fare for children between five and twelve years of age,)can be procured from any railroad ticket agent. Those who prefer to bring a well filled lunch basket, and do not care for a place to sleep, need not incur any additional expense, as they can occupy a comfortable chair in one of the elegant saloons in the forward part of the steamer. Should you prefer meals, one or more can be had at 50 cents each. The same 8 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac price is charged for children over three years old; under that age, 25 cents, and they can be brought to the first table. The running time from Cleveland to Mackinac includes five meals, which at 50 cents each would amount to $2.50 each way. The only additional expense is for a berth, which can be had for $2.00 for an upper berth of single width, or $3.00 for a lower berth of double width. Put the items together, say for Single Trip Round Trip. Transportation $ 4.50..$ 7.00 5 meals at 50 cents each 2.50.. 5.00 An upper berth 2.00.. 4.00 Total with upper berth $9.00. . $16 00 Extra for a lower berth 1.00 . 2.00 Total with lower berth $10.00. .$18.00 Or for two persons in one room ($9 and $10) 19 00. . 34.00or $17 each., Forthree persons in one room, add the trans- portation and meals only for the extra person 7.00.. 12,00 Total cost for three persons, occupying but ^ or $15.34 one room, from Cleveland to Mackinac, $26.00 $46.00] each. All berths are in state rooms, and each room has two berths and will accommodate two or three persons. Meals and berths are arranged for, exclusively by the company. The demand for sleeping accommo- dations during the tourists' season is such that each state room on the steamers from Detroit to Mackinac must accommodate at least two persons at the price named. Those wishing to occupy a room alone, however, can make special arrangements at Cleveland with Mr. T. F. Newman, agent, at company's wharf. For the benefit of those who find it difficult to realize the compai'- ative cheapness of this delightful trip by water, we would call attention to the 956 miles in the round trip, occupying 41 days costing only $16.00 to $18.00, or about $3.75 per day. How, and where, can you go and compass so much enjoyment and solid comfort by the way. Should you be inclined to go by rail, remember the rates they quote do not pro- videfor meals, neither do they include sleeping accommodations. If you reach Mackinac sooner by that means, a fair comparison would include meals and sleeping car fare on the way, together with hotel bills incurred until the steamer gets there," which three items alone 10 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac will be found to cover the entire cost by water, and the rail fare has not yet been considered, which for the sanne number of miles would be cheap at $20, or, say $36 in all, or twice as much as by water. " I have never taken this view of the facts, its a good one," is the usual answer when the subject of a trip to Macl/?\/^/T\?/!M^rr\OLl DETROIT , with a population of 140,- I^^PV^mArvwVfrv^ J 000, is the oldest city of the west, and *•*} the metropolis of the Peninsula State. It was from the first an important trad- ing post, and as larger interests devel- oped, became a city of excellent material prophecies; now in the full flush of prosperity it reaches out its iron arms to grasp that commercial supremacy which it will attain with all the absolute certainty with which cause is followed by effect. More than to any other source save its fine location, the city owes its steady and solid advancement to its spirited, whole souled mercantile class, by whose influence and money the majority of Michigan railroads have been built. The prospective importance of Detroit was first pointed out by the Jesuit missionaries, whose sagacity has been similarly exemplified in selecting the sites of numerous other cities, St. Louis, New Orleans, Montreal, etc. To the gallant and enterprising De La Motte Cadillac, belongs the honor of founding Detroit, in 1701. The early settlers who followed in his train found upon the shores of the noble river, homes rpore attrac- tive than any their wildest dreams had pictured. Fort Ponchartrain was here erected, and the small military garrison, a few fur traders and Jesuit missionaries made up the population. For about a century but little progress was perceptible in growth and popu- lation. The interior of the state remained an unbroken wilderness, and the city was dependent for business on its Indian trade alone. The little settlement was often visited by the fortunes of 'grim visaged war,' and at onetime became an important point in the mo- mentous struggle between England and France for a dominating power in the affairs of the new world. No less than five times was there a change in the national emblem, floating over the place. The silver lilies flaunted over the infant fortress, to be succeeded by the cross of St. George, which was supplanted by the stars and stripes, these giving away for a short season to the red cross, which was again finally low- ered to the lasting supremacy of the American flag. Once was it captured, once burnt to the ground, and it was the scene of 50 pitched battles and twelve massacres. 24 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. In 1712, Cadillac closed his administration of affairs amid a sea of troubles, the most vital of which was the question of " liquor traffic,' against which the Jesuit fathers had set their faces. It will thus be seen that the subject which is now so powerfully agitating the public mind is not altogether so new and fresh as might at first be supposed, since it was an important bone of contention nearly two hundred years ago. Wade Park, Cleveland, O. In 1763, Detroit, with the other French possessions in the north, passed into the hands of the British. This was immediately followed by the famous Pontiac conspiracy, by which the Indians, under the leader- ship of this able chief sought to exterminate the white race throughout the northwest. The projected massacre was defeated at this point by a Chippewa girl's betrayal of the scheme to Major Gladwyn, com- mander of the post, who was thus put on his guard. A siege of eleven months fojiowed, the fort holding out nobly against the enraged savages. In 1 796, under the supplementary treaty of peace with Great Britain, Detroit was turned over to the United States. But it must not be supposed that the young " City of the Straits " was the theatre of nothing but war and bloodshed Ahl no Romance 25 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac and song and love, were as nnuch a part of its life as these sterner realities of history. Past its green shores, down the beau+iful river floated the merry carol of the voyageur, and many a birch bark canoe with its cargo of furs swung out into the stream to the melody of these quaint old canzonets. Says Constance Fennimore Woolson. in Apple- ton's Journal : " The little river settlement was a favorite post of these hardy hunters, a race by themselves — looking at this distance very romantic, with their roving lives, their love for frolicing and dancinjr, and their wild love songs, sung as the loaded bateaux moved out into the current of the broad river. Some of these melodies still preserve a place in American music; they have a character of their own, too quick for the slow Englishman, too gay for the sober American, essen- tially French in every note and word." Wine was abundant, being made from the wild grapes which grew in profusion on the shore, and that the settlers had imported with them the social manners of la belle France sufficiently to know how to use it, is evinced by the following passage from an old note book of 1778: " The citizens all lived as one family, had Detroit assemblies once a week, where the ladies never went without being in their silks; dining parties were frequent, and they drank their wine freely." In 1778 the old fort had been removed, the village enlarged, and a new fort erected on the high ground further back from the river. This was named Fort LeNoult,and occupied a space now bounded by Lafayette avenue, Congress street, a line a little east of - Shelby street, and one west of Wayne street. Heavy stockades extended from either side of the fort to the river, forming a rude triangle, of which the river was the base. Within this stockade was comprised the village, with a popula- tion of sixty families. The streets were narrow, the widest being but twenty feet, and the houses were low and mainly of wood. That in 1805 a fire should break out and sweep away the entire village was therefore not surprising. But a single house remained standing. Two years later Congress authorized the laying out of a city on a much more liberal scale, and made a grant of 10,000 acres of land to aid in defraying the cost of the necessary improvements. The author- ship of the plan of the new city is attributed to Judge Woodward, who was a man of exceedingly fanciful tastes, as was evinced by his design. There were to be several open squares, with broad aven.ues radiat- ing from them, like the spokes of a wheel. The streets were to be of unusual width, and access from one part of the city to another was exceedingly convenient; but the objection was the amount of land wasted and the angular shape of a great proportion of the lots; consequently 26 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac V at a later period the Woodward plan was abandoned, only a snnall portion of which is still retained, the rectangular system being substituted. Between the two plans and the freedom which was accorded to every property holder to lay out streets and subdivide his property after his own taste, Detroit is to-day perhaps as labyrinthian a city as any in the west. In 1812, war broke out with Great Britain, and on the 16th of August following, General Hull, who was in command, surrendered the fort and city to General Brock, without any attempt to maintain a defense. The British remained in possession for more than a year, when, as a, result of the American victory at the battle of the Thames, it was recovered by the United States. The name of the fort was now changed to Shelby. At this time the population was less than one thousand, and its growth for a long time continued very slow. In 1831, when the population had reached two thousand, the first real step was taken towards opening up the interior and making it tribu- tary to the city, in the commencement of the construction of what is now the Michigan Central Railroad. The work progressed slowly, and it was not until February, 1838 that any part of the line was opened for traffic. In 1836, and again in 1840 and 1848, disastrious fires swept away large portions of the city. In 1827 the fort was abandoned by the government, and being made over to the city was demolished, the earth forming its embankments being carted down to the river and dumped into the shallow water. The shore line was thus extended out into the river, in some places an entire block. In 1847 the city lost its prestige as capital of the State, the legisla- tive seat being removed to Lansing, in 1854 it secured direct com- munication with the east by the opening of the Great Western Railway, of Canada, and four years later a competing line in the completion of the Grand Trunk. In 1860, though occupying no less an area than at present, it was much more sparsely settled. The larger part of the Cass farm was still what its name indicates, and fields abutted on Woodward avenue, within the two mile radius. Only a few leading thoroughfares were paved. There were neither street railways nor omnibus lines, and old fashioned drays did all the hauling. No public street lamps were to be found, except in the central part, and where the city hall now stands, was a group of old wooden rookeries, once the depot buildings of the M.C.R.R. The parks were uncared for, and overgrown with grass and weeds. One ferry boat, the Gem, accommodated all the traffic between Detroit and Windsor. There was no police force, no house of correction, and only a black hole for a jail. Since then the progress has been very rapid, 28 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac and large tracts which were at that time open comnaons, are now densely covered with houses. The wholesale trade and manufacturing interests have nearly absorbed the lower part of the city near the river, and the retail traffic spreads out continuously towards the extreme limits on every avenue leading from the central square, called Campus Martius, invading the haunts of the former aristocratic residents, who are fast seeking other locations, and, building up the vacant spots on the out- skirts with a class of elegant homes unsurpassed elsewhere. Detroit covers an area some six miles in length, on the river, by a depth of two and a half miles, and although located near the extreme southwest corner of the State, is the chief city and commercial metrop- olis of Michigan. It is on the right bank of the river, (or, more properly, a strait, Detroit being the French term for strait,) is seven miles below lake St. Clair, and twenty miles above lake Erie. Through this strait passes the vast tonnage of the great lakes, which in volume exceeds the entire foreign commerce of the country. The river here is f of a mile wide, and is everywhere navigable by the largest craft, affording the city a magnificient water front miles in extent. This fine location at the only point between lakes Erie and St. Clair, suitable for a large harbor, constituted the place from earliest times an important point in the traffic of this region, and has undoubtedly been the key to its steady and gen- uine advancement, also affording a sure guarantee of its future sub- stantial progress Having ample ground, the dwellings are not crowded together in solid blocks, but are mostly detached, with plenty of intervening space. This, with the breadth of the streets and the prevalence of shade trees, gives the place more of a village than a city air, and contributes much to its attractiveness as a place of residence. As a healthful city it is without a peer. Churches are very numerous in proportion to the population. The school system is admirable, bearing favorable comparison with that of any other city. Society, too, from the less frequent changes that obtain here, as compared with other western cities, is more settled, refined and truly polite. Thus, as a place of residence it is unsurpassed by any place west of Boston. Indeed, while the business activity and stir of Chicago is lacking, it resembles Boston not a little in its social and literary atmosphere. The Germans claim a third of the population, and there is still considerable of the old original French element left. In the days of pro-slavery, this city was noted tor being the headquarters of the under- ground railway, and there is naturally a large population of the colored 30 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac race, while Hollanders, Poles, Swedes, Norwegians, Swiss, Italians, etc, represent the European nationalities in. considerable numbers; but this foreign element is eminently industrious, thrifty and orderly. In general each family owns its homestead. The savings banks are well patronized, and vagrancy and pauperism are perhaps as little prevalent here as in any city of the same size in the United States. Detroit is a wealthy city. Most of the business operations of its citizens are based on real capital, owned by the parties using it, and not borrowed elsewhere. This is undoubtedly the result of the extreme con- servatism which borders a little on lack of enterprise, or which at least shuns speculation. This conservatism, for which the city has been noted, has limited her growth to a strictly healthy and natural one. It has pre- vented over trading in any department of business; and thus we find an almost entire absence of inflation. Real estate is relatively cheap, and few branches of business are overdone. This condition of things ren- ders the city a peculiarly inviting field for men of enterprise and capital to locate in. Competition has not dried up the vital sources of wealth, and its financial credit is unimpeachable. Notwithstanding the admirable condition of the public works, the debt is small. Taxes are light. For a number of years past the finan- cial affairs of the city have been managed with great wisdom and fidelity, and there are few municipal wants unprovided for. The water supply is ample and placed beyond a contingency of failure, extensive pumping works being located a few miles above the city. Detroit is essentially a manufacturing city, possessing from its easy water communication and its proximity to the inexhaustible mines and forests of the State, peculiar advantages. There can be no doubt that the time is coming when the banks of the strait will be lined with mills and factories that will render it the Birmingham of the northwest. The site of the city has a gradual rise from the river until an eleva- tion of fifty feet is reached in the northern limits. This elevation is so gradual as to almost escape the notice of visitors. It affords every opportunity for perfect drainage, and the city enjoys the reputation of having the cleanest and most wholesome of streets. Street car lines give cheap transportation to all parts, and the Detroit omnibus line, an enterprising company, furnishes prompt and satisfactory services with omnibuses, baggage wagons, coaches and coupes. To the visitor the city soon becomes most enchanting as a place of quiet, rest and enjoyment. It is essentially a residence town; a great number of wealthy people have sought it as a place for their homes, and their fine residences anr'spaciousgrounds are to be found in all directions. 32 ) materially inci The elegant accommodations afforded by the Palace Steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland have materially increased the enjoyment and attractions of A LAKE TOUR TO PICTURESQUE MACKINAC. 'Syi'^ !i ■ !;^"(|l[|ii!!|i;^' jiiiiiiiili-iV'iipi' iiiiMi;:'i.iiiiii;ii;iiiiiiiiiiii A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac Detroit is one of the most complete and desirable of summer resorts in the world, possessing all the requirements, of a popular watering place, together with all the advantages and luxuries of a city home. The river is the pride of its residents, and the surprise and delight of tourists, who pronounce it one of the most beautiful streams in the world. It has a current of three miles an hour, and has never bean known to rise more than seventeen inches above its regular level. In the channel opposite the upper portion of the city is Belle Isle park, containing about 700 acres. It was purchased by the city for I $200,000, and is a favorite resort, easily reached in the summer by a. service of fine ferry steamers, every twenty minutes. There are seven- t2en other islands in the river, many of which are attractive for excursion parties and summer residences, with frequent communication with the city by steamers. Names and location of these islands are found by referring to the bird's eye view. Detroit challenges comparison as being the handsomest city in the Union, a fact admitted by all, who, by reason of extended travel and close observation are best fitted to judge. In addition to her acquired beauties, she is extravagantly favored by Nature. The broad river is easily reached from almost any part of the city, giving in summer immediate escape from heat, dust and noise, which great luxury is within the power of all. Ten cents gives you a ride back and forth across the river all the afternoon, 50 cents takes you through lake St. Clair to Star Island, or down the river to Put-in-Bay, or $1.00 to Oakland House, St. Clair Mineral Springs, and return, in fact there are a dozen or more popular, healthful and beautiful resorts within from one to three hours' ride from Detroit, by steamer, and at a nominal cost. No time need be wasted, and no one need be at a loss for something to do, or somewhere to go. Detroit is the center of all these . attractions, and it is not an unusual ' sight during the pleasant days of summer to witness the arrival of five thousand strangers in the city in a single day, from the interior towns within a radius of one hundred and fifty miles. The resorts of most cities are but few, and from four to twenty-four hours away, while here you can return at a seasonable hour the same evening. Truly it would seem thatthose seeking for a place in which to pass the summer as comfortably as possible, with a desire to see and enjoy, would not fail to select Detroit in preference to all others, and the ever increasing number of visitors and transient residents from the east, and especially from the south, is conclusive evidence that the above facts are rapidly being appreciated. 34 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. Of the large, elegant steamers of the Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Company's fleet, the City of Detroit and Northwest leave Detroit every evening, except Sundays, at 22 o'clock, landing you in Cleveland at 5.30 o'clock the following morning, in season for the early trains for the east or south. This night line by water between two such important commercial cities as Cleveland and Detroit is a boon to the commercial traveler who works by day and travels by night, anxious to make every hour tell to ad- vantage, and being usually confined to the hot, dusty, rumbling rail car, Ship Building on Pine River, near St. Clair Mineral Springs, as the only method of getting about, naturally avails himself of this agreeable change, to a charming quiet, and a full night's rest. The breath of fresh air, in the cool breeze made by the speed of the steamer is refreshing in itself, especially if the day has been sultry on shore. The delightful two hours' run down the river on moonlight nights allures many from their couches. A trip of thirty hours by the City of Mackinac Wednesday mornings at 10 o'clock, and Saturday nights at 22 o'clock, or the City of Cleveland Monday nights at 22 o'clock, and Friday mornings at 10 o'clock brings you to the great historic summer resort and sanitarium, Mackinac Island. Their time-table shows distances, and the running time between, and hours of departure from way ports. 35 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac Summer Resorts of LAKES HURON, MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR, Via MACKINAC ISLAND. STATIONS. Ashland Wis Bayfield " Charlevoix.. . . Mich Chicago Ill Crooked Lake, Mich Duluth Minn Elk Rapids,. . . Mich, Escanaba " Frankfort " Green Bay Wis. Hancock Mich. Harbor Springs, " Houghton. ... " Indian River, " L'Anse " Leiand " Mackinac Is'd, " Manistique.. . " Manitowoc Wis. Marquette. . . Mich. Menomonee.. " Milwaukee .' . . .Wis. Mullett Lake, Mich. Northport. ... " Ontonagon. . . " Petoskey " Sauit Ste Marie, " Traverse City. " -RATES. FROM CLEVELAND. Single. Round. $20.53 20.53 6.53 11.53 6.25 20.50 7.53 11.50 9 00 13.00 16.50 14.50 6.00 16.50 14.25 5.00 16.50 13.00 8 00 Tourist. 8.00 11.50 12.50 10.50 12.00 1 1 .53 5.00 7.50 19.50 6 00 6.00 8.50 7.50 $37.03 37.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 37.00 12.25 20.50 16 00 23.50 27.00 25.80 9.50 27.00 25.30 8.00 27.00 22.80 14.00 11.35 13.50 20.00 22.00 17.80 21.50 20.00 8.00 12.00 35.00 9.00 9.00 13.00 12.00 FROM DETROIT. Single. Rounid $19.00 19.00 5.00 10.00 4.75 19.00 6.00 10.00 7.50 11 50 15.00 13.00 4.50 15.00 12.75 3.50 15.00 11.50 6.50 6.50 10.00 11.00 9.00 10.50 10.00 3.50 6.00 18.00 4.50 4.50 7.00 6.00 $35.00 35.00 8.00 18.00 8.00 35.00 10.25 18.50 14.00 21.50 25.00 23.80 7.50 25.00 23.30 6.00 25.00 20.80 12.00 9.35 11.50 18.00 20.00 15.80 19.50 18.00 6.00 10.00 33.00 7.00 7.00 11.00 10.00 ROUTE Fronn Mackinac Is'd. L. M.&.L. S. T. Co. L. M. &L. S.T. Co. Hannah, Lay &. Co. L M.Line. L.M.&L.S T.Co. Inland Nav. Co. L. M.&L. S. T. Co. Hannah, Lay &. Co. Smith &. Adams. N. M. Line. Smith &. Adams. L. M. &.L. S.T. Co. D., M. &.M. R. R. N.M.L'e.H.L.&.,Co. L. M. &L. S.T. Co. D., M. & M. R. R. Inland Nav. Co. L. M.&L. S. T. Co. D., M. & M. R. R. N. M. Line. M.C.Ry M'k. toD't. Smith &. Adams. L. M.&L L. S.T. Co. L. M. &.L. S.T. Co. D., M.& M. R. R. Smith &. Adams. L.H.&L.S.T.Co. N.M.Liae. Inland Nav. Co. N. M. Line. L M. &L. S.T. Co. KJlLine.lM&Co.ln.Kav.Co. G. R. & I Ry. L.M. & L.S.T. Co. S. &A. Hannah, Lay &. Co. J The above fares include meals and berths on the Steamers between Mackinac Island and destination. Meals and berths are extra on the steamers between Cleve- land, Detroit and Mackinac Island. $3.00 or $3.50 added to the single trip rate, and $6.00 or $7.00 to the round trip rate will cover the extras from Detroit. From Cleveland, add $4-50 or $6.00 single trip, and $9.50 or $il.00 round trip, 36 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac These floating palaces were recently built especially for the sum- mer tourists' travel. The forward and after saloons finished in mahog- any and walnut respectively are magnificently appointed and tastefully decorated, and their elegant rooms and parlors are replete with all modern improvements. The lower saloons are devoted exclusively to dining halls, thus entirely separating the culinary departments from the main saloons and sleeping apartments. This desirable feature is only possible on the large side-wheel steamers of this line. Both steamers are built of iron, and provided with four water tight compartments. Feathering paddles give them unusual speed, without jar or noise. Visitors to the city as frequently pay a visit of inspection to these steamers as to any other attraction which the city offers, and at his office the General Passenger Agent will be found ever ready to show and explain. Courteous employees are attentive to every want, letters and telegrams are cheerfully answered, and the best accommodations re- served to those applying early, stating fully the particulars as to party to be accommodated. The water trip thus afforded is not excelled anywhere, and the round trip affords a daylight view of all portions of the pleasant route. Occasionally parties find it agreeable to make even more than one round trip. Certainly no more comfortable place can be found outside of one's own home in which to spend the sultry days of summer, than on board of one of these splendidly appointed steamers, and the change of scene and sniff of fresh air will benefit many who vainly seek relief at the physicians' hands. If you wish to return on the same trip there is from four to six hours at the island between the arrival and departure of your steamer, which affords a glimpse at the curiosities and wonders. Carriages are at hand for those who wish. Round trip tickets are good for the return passage at any time, by either steamer, and your stay can be prolonged as desired. These steamers leave Mackinac about every thirty-six hours. For the benefit of those who think they cannot take the time for a round trip by steamer, a circular ticket at reduced rates can be obtained which provides for a trip one way by steamer, and the other by rail. The cost of the trip from Detroit to Mackinac Island is the least possible to insure complete comfort. Tickets, covering transportation only, can be procured from any railroad ticket agent, at $3.00 single trip, or $5.00 round trip from Detroit. Half fare for children between five and twelve years of age. Meals are 50 cents each, the same price being charged for children over three years old, under that age 25 cents, and they can be brought to the first table, 34th Season. Established 1850. General Offices Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co,, loot of Wayne Street, Detroit, Mich D. CARTER, General Manager. J. F. HENDERSON, General Freight Agent. C. D. WHITCOMB, General Passenger and Ticket Agent A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac The running time from Detroit includes four meals, which, at 50 cents each would be $2.00 each way. An upper berth of single width in a room is $1.00, a lower berth of double width is $1.50. Put these items together, say for Single Trip. Round Trip. Transportation $ 3.00 .. $ 5.00 4 meals at 50 cents each 2.00 . . 4.00 An upper berth 100.. 2.00 Total with upper berth . . .$ 6.00.. $11.00 Extra for a lower berth 50.. 1.00 Total with lower berth $ 6.50 $1 2.00 Orfortwoin one room ($6.00 and $6.50). . $12.50 $23.00 c or $1 1.50 For three in one room, add transportation j each. and meals only for the extra person . . 5.00.. 9.00 Total cost from Detroit to Mackinac, for tor $10.67 three persons occupying but one room $17.50.. $32.00 | each. Each room will accommodate two or three persons. A single individual desiring to occupy a room by himself can arrange for it at an advance of the above prices. Meals and berths are arranged for exclusively by the company. This delightful trip to Mackinac by water, a distance of 740 miles in the round trip, occupying 2f days, costing only $11.00 or $12.00, or about $4.00 per day, is within the reach of a large number who make a practice of leaving home for a short time during the summer months. Parties who intend taking the Wednesday or Friday morning steamer and arrive in Detroit Tuesday or Thursday evening will be accommodated with the use of staterooms for those nights without extra charge. On arrival of the hour of departure our steamer, heading up stream springs, on the stern line which throws her bow out towards the middle of the broad river, clear of all obstructions, and in a moment we are under full speed. Taking the deep channel on the east or Canadian side of Belle Isle Park our course lies E. ^ N. for 23 minutes to a point within one mile of Belle Isle Light; then N. E. ^ N. for 10 min, to Windmill Point Light; E. N. E. 13 min. to Light Ship; N. E. | N. through Lake St. Clair 56 minutes to the Government canal. Lake St. Clair is about 22 miles long and 22 wide, the water is shallow, and large steamers leave a trail of mud behind them, thrown up from the bottom by their paddles. 40 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac k Bwteafa ST. CLAIR FLATS , twenty-seven miles from Detroit, comprises a large area of low marshy land. There is, however, no stand- ^^ ing water anywhere, and it is probably one t\^ of the best and most extensive fishing *3| and shooting grounds to be found. The >ai temperature of the pure running water is ■"*■" such that fish are found hard and sound even in the warmest weather. At this point the St. Clair river empties into Lake St. Clair, through six different winding channels, which ■ form a large number of low marshy islands. The game and fish found here attract sportsmen from all parts of the country, and it has long been famous for its fine black bass. Of the large number of pleasure seekers who patronize the river steamers, a majority stop off at this half-way place to spend the day, or enjoy a fish supper, returning by the evening steamer. Only a few years ago there were no houses on the Flats. The river steamers stopped as they met, and transferred such passengers as desired to return to Detroit. This accommodation became very popular, but was highly inconvenient when there was much wind and sea. The fame of the place was wide spread throughout other portions of the country, before the citizens of our own city and state fairly appreciated its advantages. From an early period, however, it has been the practice of a few persons residing in Detroit and vicinity to occasionally visit the locality during the summer months for a day or two of sport, sometimes taking a scow along and rigging a shelter ; but no steps were taken towards utilizing the grounds as a place of regular resort during the fishing season until the fall of 1871. At that time a movement was made looking to the organization of a club to consist of possibly forty members, from among the young busi- ness men of Detroit, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a club house, to be located upon lake St. Clair, at a point which might be selected as the most convenient from which to reach the fishing grounds. The proposition met with great favor, and it soon became manifest that the membership of the proposed club would exceed by far the number first intended, and that the contemplated improvements would have to be correspondingly enlarged. In the spring of 1872, the original club house was built upon its present site, about one-third of a mile above the ship canal. It was constructed entirely upon piles, with running water around and beneath it. This building has been added to 42 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. and enlarged several times, and is occupied for dining purposes, and the accommodation of members' families. A capacious slip has been dredged, and the material taken therefrom utilized in the making of ground, upon which has been erected an additional building, which for general architectural appearance, and convenience of arrangement for parlor and sleeping room purposes, is truly admirable. In the rear of the first named buDding, and connected therewith by a covered passage way, is a two story building used as a kitchen, with sleeping apartments for servants. One of the prominent features of the Club improvements is a capacious ice-house, within which is built one of the most complete River Bank above the St. Clair Mineral Springs. modern refrigerator. rooms. Several additional buildings, the property of individual members of the Club, together with the long line of boat- houses owned by the Club and its members, give to the place the appearance of quite a settlement. The present membership of the Club is two hundred, and is limited to that number. The organization is incorporated, and each member restricted to a single share of stock, which is in great demand, and commands ready sale at a large premium. The location of the Club House next raised a demand for a public resort at this point ; a wharf was built about a mile further north, earth 43 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac was dredged up, and Star Island created. The Star Island House was then built by the steamboat line, for the entertainment of those who desired the accommodation. This hotel has just been enlarged by its present proprietor, Mr. James Slocum, and now has a capacity for the entertainment of one hundred guests. It has a fine lawn set with flower beds and shade trees, and a good wharf. An abundance of boats, fishing tackle and all the etceteras which go to make up a perfect resort are constantly on hand. The river steamers land hundreds of Detroit citizens every day during the summer. The rates are : fare, round trip, from Detroit, 50 cents ; board at hotel, per day, $2.00 ; per week, $10.00, or 50 cents per meal ; row boats, $1.00 per day, 75 cents half a day or 25 cents per hour ; sail boats, per day, $1.50, half a day, $1 .00, or 50 cents per hour ; bait, per dozen, shiners, 10 cents ; perch, 15 cents ; chubs, 35 cents ; craws, 25 cents ; frogs, 25 cents. Fishing tackle is free, or with reel, 50 cents. Guides, or punters, as they are called, can be hired for $2.00 per day. Muscalonge, pickerel, perch and black bass, the latter large and gamey, are plentiful. The fishing season commences May 1st, and lasts until October. The duck shoot- ing season begins September 1st. Decoys can be had on the island. The best class of Detroit people patronize this resort, which makes a specialty of fish suppers. A pleasanterjauntcannot be found, and the cost is moderate. Visitors to Detroit should not miss this trip. The North Channel Club House, which is located about one and one half miles north of this point, is reached by a small steamer every other day. Another handsome summer resort, which is to cost $30,000, is contemplated just above Star Island, on what is known as Stansell's Island. The Flats belong to the government, and have never been sur- veyed. It is truly debatable ground, inasmuch as it belongs to no one in particular, and those who have built cottages, hotels, and club houses, hold possession by the right of Squatter Sovereignty only. The government agents at the land office say they cannot even give a pre- emption title, so that practically any one has a right to build a house anywhere on the Flats, outside of the channels. Before many years the bank on the American side will be lined with summer cottages, club houses and resorts. The entrance to St. Clair river through the narrow winding channels at this point, was formerly attended with great danger of running aground. To improve and shorten the entrance, the U. S. Government constructed a ship canal 8,200 feet long, 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep. It was commenced in 1867, and completed in 1871 , at a cost of $653,550. The banks of the ^4 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. canal have a fine growth of willow trees, and a light house is nnaintained at each end. Steamers are required to slow down to six miles per hour, in passing through, thereby preventing the wash of its sides. The steamers of this line do not stop at the Flats, the current being swift and the wharves too short to moor a long steamer securely. Second Ward School, near St. Clair Mineral Springs. A mile further up the channel, Joe Bedor, a French squatter and fisherman, entertains those who prefer less restraint and more common fare, than is found at the more pretentious Star Island. At the bend, on the east side is located the Canadian Club House. This property includes the entire flats on this side of the channel, and is leased from the Canadian government. The members of this club reside mostly at Toronto and Ottawa. About two miles farther on is the beautiful St. Clair river, which is 48 miles long and 1|- wide. Some of the islands at its mouth are inhabited by a small number of Indians. Steamers keep in the middle of the river, unless they have landings to make, and tourists greatly enjoy this portion of the trip. Some six miles from its mouth on the Canada side, the Chenal-Ecarte river empties into the St. Clair. The name means the lost channel, and is pronounced by the Canadians, Sni-cart-e. Small Canadian steamers navigate this river for some miles, touching at Wallaceburg and Dresden. 45 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac MARINE CITY . 50 miles from Detroit, on St. Clair river at the mouth of Belle river, has 2,000 inhabitants. Those seek- ing rest from business cares would find this place both quiet and attractive, and unembarrassed by the strict social for- malities so common to fashionable resorts. Comfortable hotel accommo- dations can be had at reasonable rates, it has all the advantages of the much and justly praised St. Clair river, is but a short distance from the hunting and fishing grounds of the St. Clair Fiats, and withal it has the best of facilities for keeping informed of the doings of the outside world. No place of its size in the country has so extensively engaged in ship building, some two hundred vessels of various classes have been turned out, and a vessel may be seen under construction on the stocks at any time. The Marine City Stave Co. recently discovered a bed of salt rock or salt in its natural state, after boring to the depth of 1,700 feet, and is now engaged in manufacturing a superior quality of the saline in large quantities, having the most extensive works in the State. The process of dissolving this rock is by pumping the St. Clair river water into the well, which washes the rock and becomes brine, it is then forced up into tanks and made back into salt. This great basin of salt, which as faV as discovered is 115 feet thick, promises to make Marine City the center of a great salt producing country. As one writer happily puts it, " The conspicuous enterprise of the Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co. in furnishing palatial steamers, famous no less for their comfort than speed is fast bringing the happiest results to the banks of the beautiful St. Clair river. They have caused a realization of the fact that the summer cottage of the tourist is here and with it bringing a desire for improvements that is fast making its shores bright ' with unnumbered shapes of new delight.' " While the wood lasted in quantities sufficient to make the article cheap, the steam craft of the lakes which were then mostly burning wood, got their supply largely from these river towns. The failure of the supply as a business accounts for so many wharves being allowed to go to ruin. A little more than 50 years ago the first steamer was placed on this river. It was constructed from two canoes spread apart, and having a bow and stern fitted to them. Woodcock Island lies in the middle of the river, and Corunna is the Canadian town opposite. 46 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. The St. Clair river is the connecting link between the great upper and lower lakes. The water that connposes this river to day is the same that will be passing over Niagara Falls a few weeks hence. A pen des- cription can scarcely do justice to this magnificent stream, which possesses a magnetic attraction such as would of itself almost draw pleasure and health seekers to its shores. Unlike the great Mississippi, the beautiful Hudson, and other famous rivers of the world, the waters of the St. Clair are always clear, and varying in color from the deepest blue to the lightest green, according to atmospheric conditions. It is not subject to tides or freshets, the velocity of its current varying from two and one-half to three miles per hour. Not only does the traffic upon this river impress one with the vastness of the commerce of the great lakes, but its con- tinually changing panoramic views produce an effect on the mind never to be forgotten. /ling Alley of Oakland House, near St. Clair Mineral Springs. One of its widest and most picturesque points is at St. Clair, where the Michigan shore makes a grand curve, giving to the town built '.jpon its high and sloping bank, a most commanding appearance. The elegant steamer Mary makes a round trip daily between Algonac and Port Huron, this with the daily line from Detroit, and the City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland, give visitors to the St. Clair Mineral Springs and other places on the river, a frequent service by water. 47 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac ST. CLAIR . 58 miles from Detroit, witli a population of 2,500, is situated on the west bank of the St. Clair river. The location is the highest and most charming natural site for a town to be found anywhere along the river or lake shores, between Lake Erie and Lake Superior. While it is one of the oldest towns in the State, it is not old fashioned orfossil, neither is it crude and bustling. There are many fine and costly private residences, school houses, churches and other public buildings. Its social, religious and educational advantages are unusually excellent. Most of the leading religious denominations are represented and well sustained. Special mention should be made of the Somerville school, an institution for the thorough education of girls and young women. St. Clair is especially favored in its salubrious climate, desirable temperature, and an unusually large number of bright skies and pleasant days ; fogs are of rare occurrence, while the autumn months are the glory of the year. Its comparative freedom from malaria, mosquitoes, etc., is a matter of great importance to tourists and invalids The great attraction in this vicinity is the ST. CLAiR MINERAL SPRING. The waters of this spring, though of recent discovery, have, through the public spirited liberality of a few enterprising citizens, already be- come famous for their medicinal properties, and undoubtedly stand at the head of all healing waters, being endorsed by the highest medical authority, and especially recommended by physicians in the treatment of the following : Rheumatism in all its various forms ; neuralgia, gout, sciatica, paralysis, muscular contractions, nervous prostration, mental disorders, insomnia ; all diseases of the skin and blood — as scrofula, erysipelas, ulcers, etc. ; dyspepsia, indigestion, stomach disorders, malaria ; all diseases of the kidneys and liver ; diabetis, sprains, varicose veins, catarrh; ordinary colds, piles, spinal and cerebral disorders ; effects of mercurial poisoning, blood poison, etc. THE BATH HOUSE adjoins the hotel building on the south, and is practically a part of it. It is furnished with 30 handsome bath rooms. Those set apart for gentlemen have commodious wardrobes; while a private dressing room adjoins each ladies' bath, a convenience which will be greatly appreciated, and which forms a distinctive contrast with any other bathing establishment in the country. The ladies' department 48 1 r I I I. ;!' ■ I . I !| : | - 1 ^ '^-J Xr T*T~' Ln Jl ic k HDIM.H1/IJ0T2 .38UON OMAJTtAO 3i TT I I I I I ITT .Tnn:i:|ifiTXT.:T.T,r ^ 1 1 1 k DIAGRAM OF THE BATH HOUSE AND PRINCI PAL ( OR MAIN ) FLOORS OF THE OAKLAND HOUSE. STCLAIR , Ml CH . "TT^ i ill 1*1 |.«i I , i , , ■" »^' "' *' ''' T a.! L-.1-- — l. ¥ I^T "g 'I 1 tiooon HTAB ZT^ne By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. is entirely separated from the gentlem°n's, each having a reception room and a parlor. The bath rooms are lighted from the roof, and heated by steam so arranged as to secure any desired temperature, and are supplied with electric call-bells, leading to the office of the attendant physician, under whose direction the baths are given. The bath tubs are porcelain lined. There are also two separate swimming baths for ladies and gentlemen respectively. Here may be enjoyed at any season the luxury of a swim in this miniature sea of tepid, diluted, ever-changing mineral water, with an equally mild and adjustable atmosphere ; where men, women and children may safely learn the so necessary art of swimming. These baths form one of the most healthful, popular and characteristic features at the Springs. The bath house being connected with the Oakland Hotel, is an important consideration, as guests in passing between their rooms and the baths are not exposed to other than a mild and equable tempera- ture. There are also, in different parts of the bath house building, four large open fire-places, which ensure at once comfort and ventila- tion. Other internal arrangements include private consultation rooms, offices, closets, etc. A broad and commodious veranda extends across the entire front of the bath house, and connects with that of the hotel, mailing a con- Somerville School River Frorrt, near St. Clair Minera( Springs. 49 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac tinuous veranda, fronting the river, 12 to 20 feet wide and 600 feet in length. On approaching St. Clair by the steamer City of Mackinac or City of Cleveland, after having feasted your eyes for miles upon the most charming lake and river scenery, you suddenly observe a stir, and hear repeated among the passengers, " The Oakland Hotel." Upon looking in the direction indicated, your eye is greeted with a scene which impresses you as so delightful, magnificent, restful, invit- ing, that you almost resolve to land, though your destination be further on. Though you may have been an extensive traveler, we venture the assertion that seldom have your eyes rested uppn a group of buildings which, from a distant view, seemed so much in harmony with, so much a part of the general landscape, as " The Oakland " at St. Clair. Reaching the hotel wharf you at once decide, if you have not already done so, to land, and with others pass from the steamer, wonder- ing if experience will confirm your first pleasing impressions. Approaching the main building, situated a few rods distant, you observe more closely the carefully selected position, the broad and well kept grounds, its unique and attractive architecture, As you mount the hotel steps and instinctively turn for one look toward the quiet, expanding river, you can not but admit that while Nature has been doubly kind in planting one of her most favorite springs of healing in such a favored spot, the art and hand of man have been no less successful in furthering her beneficent designs. The hotel, in its structure, arrangements and general management, is a most admirable realization of its design, which was to combine abundant first-class hotel accommodations with charming scenery and a healthful location for those who might come to enjoy the benefits of the mineral spring, as well as for summer visitors and pleasure seekers generally. There has already been expended upon the Oakland buildings and grounds nearly a quarter of a million of dollars, not including an exten- sive tract of timber land, which is being rapidly developed into a pleasure park, for the benefit of Oakland guests. The hotel is constructed of wood, with a main frontage of 600 feet, and stands on rising ground, a few rods back from the river. Its architecture is in the general Swiss style. It is five stories high in tlie central portion, and surmo.unted by three tower-like eminences. The main part of the hotel building is a light olive-green, while the upper and tiled portion is a deep brick red, giving to the whole a decidedly novel and pleasing effect. 50 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. Along the fronL, on the main floor, and across the north end, are the broad verandas before alluded to ; also on the main floor in the rear, and again at the third story, front and rear — making the total length of verandas over 1 ,000 feet. The views from the front veran- das which overlook the broad river, up and down, produce upon the beholder an effect not easily described. This grand effect is largely due to the carefully selected site, just at the right point in the river bend, and at just the right distance back, to secure tlie most extensive outlook in both directions. The changing moods of Nature and the floating commerce of man vary these delightful scenes, constantly adding new life and interest. First Ward School— Catholic Church In distance, near St. Clair Mineral Springs, The office is a handsome and commodious room, occupying the center portion of the main floor, and overlooks the river. Its most inviting feature is an immense open fire place on the north side, which, even without a fire, gives out a general feeling of home like comfort and a warm welcome. Adjoining the office is the public parlor and the usual rooms for reading, smoking, etc. Passing southward from the public parlor along the main hell, we find opening on either side, guest rooms, furnished with rare elegance and taste, so arranged that they may be used either singly or in suites. Passing back through the office to the north 51 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac wing, we enter the spacious dining Ua.\\, capable of seating 300 guests. It is the frequent testinriony of travelers and tourists that here rs to be found one of the best supplied and best furnished public tables in the State. Adjoining the public dining hall is the ladies' ordinary, which is quite as cheerful, and the more elegant of the two. The culinary and kitchen arrangements are on an unusually thorough and extensive scale. A glance over this department — in some sense " the heart of the house " — will at once convince you that here are exercised a thoroughness, a neatness and a system in full keeping witK what you have noticed elsewhere throughout and about the Oakland. Adjoining the office at the north we ascend the 'main stairway to the floors above, or, if you prefer, we will take the elevator, which is supplied with air cushions and other appliances for safety, and runs from the basement to the fifth story. On the floor above the office, in the center of the building, is an elegantly furnished private parlor, opening upon the upper veranda which overlooks the river. The remainder of this floor and those above are devoted to guests' cham- bers. It is frequently remarked by those who have inspected this hotel that, unlike other public resorts, the rooms — of which there are one hundred and fifty — are all uniformly pleasant and desirable The Oakland, in short, is a model — in its location, appearance, arrangement and furnishing. The rooms are heated by steam, lighted by gas, and are connected with the office by electric call-bells. An automatic electric fire-alarm system gives notice at the office of any fire, and indicates its precise location, Babcock fire extinguishers are placed at convenient points on each floor. As a further protection against fire, the proprietors have lately con- structed water-works, upon a plan claiming to be superior to the Holly system, having a pumping capacity of nearly two millions of gallons every twenty-four hours — capable of supplying the entire population of the city. Connected with this pump are pipes running through the various halls, to which fire hose are attached. Surrounding the hotel are large water mains, with hydrants con- veniently located, by which eight unbroken one inch streams of water can be simultaneously thrown a hundred feet high. Through this effective system an abundant supply of purest water, for drinking and culinary uses;is secured, drawn direct from the deep channel of the St. Clair river. At the north end of the hotel building, on the main floor, is a fine room, 60x40, expressly arranged and set apart as a music or concert room, dancing hall, etc. Should the Oakland guest tire of the different views, inspections, billiards, shooting gallery, bowling, and 52 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. other in-door games and amusements, he may regale himself with a variety of out-door pastimes and recreations. On the lawns may be found the different games of the day. At the boat-house you may procure a clean, dry boat, and enjoy to your heart's content, a ride on the river, or the finny tribe may lure you to their haunts with hook and line. Fish and game of ali varieties usually found in this latitude are abundant here. The river St. Clair, and the extensive St. Clair Flats have been designated by writers as the liome of the black bass and duck. For riding and driving, a fine road extends along the river, a dis- A D.'ive along the Bank of the River, near the St. Clair Mineral Springs, tance of some thirty miles. In connection with the hotel is a livery establishment, complete in all its appointments, supplying rigs of ail descriptions— from the Shetland pony and cart to the stately landau, from the spirited Kentucky saddler to the spacious park wagon. There are numerous other attractions in and about the Oakland, which you will best appreciate by a personal visit. Courtright,the Canadian town on the opposite side of the river, is the terminus of a branch of the Michigan Central R. R. which con- nects at St. Thomas with the main line from Buffalo. The drive from St. Clairto Port Huron, a distance of twelve miles.is charming. 58 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac .>^ PORT HURON . 70 miles from Detroit, has 12,000 inhabitants, and is situated at the footof Lake Huron, on the St. Clair River, the finest and purest stream of water in the world, the pride of the people who reside on its banks, and the admiration of tourists. The soil is sandy, and consequently free from malaria. The Holly Water Works supply the City with water as clear as crystal, which; with the cool breeze from Lake Huron afford two great vitalizing elements of Nature, PURE AIR AND WATER, making it a healthful City, and a pleasant place to pass a hot summer. On the opposite bank of the river (Canada) Sarnia, with 5,000 inhabitants, is beautifully situated, and has long been a great resort for Southern people. There are large hotels and all conveniences for tourists. One mile above is Sarnia Bay, a paradise for sportsmen. Splen- did fishing is found here, the finest pickerel, bass and perch are caught with hook and line. There is also good shooting, and ducks of all kinds are shot in large quantities. These localities are easily reached by ferryboats. One mile above Port Huron is Fort Gratiot, where the Grand Trunk R. R. have their headquarters, and have built two of the largest Car building and Locomotive shops in this country. Over 1,000 men are employed. The Fort established in 1814 was discontinued in 1879. This place has been known for years as a fine summer resort. There are two large hotels and good boating and fishing. Two miles north of Fort Gratiot is HURONIA BEACH, a famous watering place, and great resort for families. At this point the lake narrows to the entrance of St. Clair river, and a fine view is had of the shipping passing and repassing day and night. Often fifty sail of vessels, steamers and tugs are in view at once, presenting a panoramato be greatly admired. This resort, nestled among trees, consists of a long line of cottages, with a central dining hall. A white sand beach lies between them and the lake. The buildings are all of a neat style of architecture, and present an attractive appearance. Cottagers pay for meals $4.00 per week for adults, and $3.00 for children. The dining hall is 24x154, with kitchen, ice house, laundry, pavilion, etc. The resort is established on eco- nomical principles. Servants are not allowed to accept fees of any kind. Fresh water bathing is unsurpassed. Everything is made attractive, especially for children, and it is truly called the "Children's Paradise." The cottages are also supplied with fine lake water, by hydrants in rear of each. Groves and natural forests are within the limits. 54 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac What are the great numbers of quiet, well dressed people doing here on the wharf so early Sunday morning? They are going to Sand Beach with us; they can make the round trip to-day, getting back this evening on the City of Cleveland. During the four summer months this Company sell round trip tickets every Sunday for One Dollar, and whole families avail themselves of the quiet ride. No liquors are sold on any of this company's steamers, and everything is conducted in such an orderly manner that the rowdy element is not encouraged to patronize them, hence these Sunday trips are an attractive feature of the line. Detroit people take this trip also, as they can leave home Saturday night and get back Monday morning in season for breakfast. They have about three hours at the Beach. Passengers who are destined for Goderich and the Manitoba Country leave us here and cross the river to take the Sarnia line of steamers. The steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland leave Port Huron going north four times each week, viz.: every Tuesday and Sun- day morning at 7 o'clock, and Wednesday and Friday at 16 o'clock, central standard time, (which is the time on which all railroad trains are run on the American side of the river.) Passengers from the line of the Chicago &. Grand Trunk R. R. and from the Saginaw Valley over the P. H. &. N. W. R. R. can time it to connect with these steamers here as well as at Detroit, the fare being the same from either point, but one less meal is required. The steamers stop at Fort Gratiot one mile above, and half way to the lake, (in the narrows of the river where the current is very swift) for passengers who have come by the Grand Trunk R. R. from Mon- treal and other points in Canada. These trains run on eastern standard time, which is one hour faster than ours. The trip through the lake is a decided change from what it has been for the last six hours, and is a relief from the mental, strain of seeing too much at one time. From this out all points of interest are to be seen on the port (or left hand) side, until we reach Cheboygan, the Canadian shore of the lake being too far away to be seen. We get outside, and when "abreast" of Fort Gratiot light the steamer is headed to N. ^- W., on which course we run 3^ hours, the outline of the shore being in sight all the way. This brings us to within 5 milesof Sand Beach, when we "haul in" to N. W. x N. for the harbor of refuge. The captain keeps well out into the lake as he likes " lots of sea room," these palatial iron steamers not being obliged to conform to the old adage "Small boats must keep near the shore." 56 Leaning Rock, Mackinac Island. Mam Street, Mackinac Island. A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac SAND BEACH . 137 miles from Detroit, is the largest village of that peninsular of Michigan, called the " Thumb," (the lower part of the State resembling a hand). The shore below is rocky, but at this point the bluffs recede, and the waters in the bay wash a beach of fine, white sand. The village is principally built on ground 40 feet above the level of the lake. The i............»;::......LJ..... ...,.,„..^„ ^^^'^^ slopes gently back a few hundred feet, reaching a natural terrace which rises 30 feet from the lake, and back of which a few hundred feet more is a second terrace, 10 feet high, on which most of the village is built, commanding a fine view of the lake and harbor which is enclosed by a substantial breakwater built by the Government at an expense of over $1,000,000. It is 8,000 feet long, and in from 18 to 30 feet of water. The har- bor contains 303 acres outside of 12 feet of water, and 160 acres outside of 18 feet of water, giving space to float a large amount of shipping. The greatest number of vessels that have at any one time sought shelter is 89. At such times the harbor is a vast forest of masts. While the harbor has proved of vast local benefit, giving unequalled shipping facilities, it is the only point on this shore where all steamers and vessels can stop. In 1871 the town was destroyed by fire, and until 1876 it re- mained about as the fire left it. The village was incorporated in 1281, and has a population of 1,300. The North Star Roller Mill was the first complete roller mill built in Michigan, and has a capacity of 250 barrels of flour per day. A salt well 715 feet deep furnishes brine for manufacturing 150 barrels of salt per day. Private capital furnished the Holly Water Works. A government life saving station established here is fully equipped with the latest and most approved apparatus. Fishing is extensively carried on; white fish, trout, bass, perch, pickerel, herring, etc., are abundant. Angling for the small fry affords capital, sport, but it comes to business when white fish and trout are to be caught, and there are no finer fish in the world when taken fresh from the deep blue waters of the lake. The Sand Beach Summer Resort Association, when in operation will afford families with hotel and cottage facilities at reasonable rates. This is a fine spot for a watering place. The harbor furnishes excellent opportunities for boating, fishing and bathing, the waters within the breakwater being always calm and safe, while the good drives, A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac pleasant society and the healthful, bracing air of Lake Huron make it a most desirable place to spend a few weeks during the hot season. The great body of fresh water lying east so modifies the heat and cold that the atmosphere shows a temperature of remarkable evenness and healthfulness. The country back of this place is the only known habitat of the elk in Michigan. The Port Huron &. Northwestern trains, which will take you to the interior towns along the shore are only a short distance from the landing. But the gong has sounded, and dinner is in order. On this latter point you have no doubt been already well informed by your inner consciousness, for the clear air of Lake Huron is an appetizer unsur- passed. Many of our fellow-passengers from Port Huron are already at the table, having no time to spare as the landing will very shortly be reached. You can even now see the outlines of the breakwater on the port bow, and the steamer will soon be headed in for the entrance. Says a gentleman who has been a frequent passenger on these steamers : There is something very characteristic about this line, a kind of individuality that to me is admirable, and the more I see of the workings of their system for doing business, the more I am convinced that the officers on shore and on board are equally interested in a thoughtful study for the most perfect comfort of their patrons. For instance, look at this tasteful dining-room below decks occupying one water tight compartment, and the kitchen and pantry beyond, another. The iron doors between can in cases of necessity be closed by means of a lever operated from the upper deck, thus rendering either com- partment water tight. Special permission was required to use these compartments connected. It will at once be seen that this arrangement relieves the upper saloons from all odors of the kitchen, noise of rattling dishes, inconvenience of cumbersome furniture, and the rushing about of numerous attendants. It requires but little observation here to realize that discipline and a strict atten. tion to details is the key to the successful and quiet working of every department, while an excellent rule of the Company forbids any employee from soliciting fees. Dismissal from the service follows any disregard of this rule, and in fact any inattention to guests if reported to the steward receives immediate notice. The meals, which are unsurpassed in quality and quantity, in- clude all the luxuries of the season, and are offered at a price which barely meets the outlay. They are all served by a bill of fare equal ta that of any first-class hotel. 60 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac STEAMER CITY OF MACKINAC. WEDNESDAY, AUG. 15, '83. BILL OF FARE. DINNER. SOUP. Mulligatawney. Cream of Barley, a la Royal. FISH. Baked White, Claret Sauce. Fillets of Mackinac Trout, German Sauce. COLD MEATS. Lambs' Tongue, Pickled. Beef Tongue. Pressed Corned Beef. BOILED. Chicken, Egg Sauce. Leg of Mutton, Caper Sauce. Sugar Cured Ham. Corned Beef and Cabbage. ROAST. Spring Lamb, Mint Sauce. Mutton, Brown Sauce. Turkey. Rib of Beef, Brown Sauce. Roast Pork, Apple Sauce. ENTREES. Salmi of Duck, with Olives. Maccaroni, with Cheese, Chicken Salad. Mince of Veal, with Poached Eggs. Pineapple Fritters. Pork and Beans, Boston Style. VEGETABLES. Potatoes Mashed. Green Peas. Green Corn. Tomatoes. Squash. New Beets. Potatoes, Boiled. RELISHES. Sliced Tomatoes. Chow-Chow. Mixed Pickles. Horse Radish. Worcestershire Sauce. Lettuce. Tomato Catsup. PASTRY. Apple Pie. Lemon Pie. Whortleberry Pie. English Plum Pudding, Spiced Brandy Sauce. CONFECTIONERY. Silver Cake. Fruit Cake. Cream Puffs. Sponge RoP. Maderia Wine Jelly. Vanilla Ice Cream. Strawberry Sherbet. DESSERT. Pecans. Layer Raisins. English Walnuts. Figs. Oranges. Apples. Coffee. Tea. MEAL HOURS. Breakfast, 7 to 9, Dinner, 12 to 2. Tea, 6 to 8. Meals sent to room will be charged double price. 63 ■t M' -I."!".,,, J A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac Referring to the Company's time-table we find that the Steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland leave this port, going north, Sundays and Tuesdays at 12;30 o'clock, Wednesdays and Fridays at 20:45 o'clock. Takmg a course east from the wharf, a five minutes' run brings us outside of the breakwater, and we head N., N. W. forone hour until abreast of Point Au Barques light. This point is at the entrance of Saginaw Bay, through which the Saginaw, Bay City and Alpena steamers run from Saginaw and Bay City, stopping at Tawas and connecting with this line at Oscoda. This light might be called the thumb nail, as it is at the extreme end of the small peninsula called the thumb. After passing this light, two trails of black smoke may be observed on the distant horizon. Our officers have been looking for it for some time, and recognize it at once as coming from their sister steamer the City of Cleveland. Some of our passengers who have been studying the time table have found that she was due to leave Oscoda at the same hour that we left Sand Beach, and have been expecting her along near this half-way place also; both officers and passengers are interested as the steamers approach each other, and as the two pass, indulge in an exchange of salutes of whistles, waving of handkerchiefs and shouts. Its only for an instant, both are running at a high rate of speed, and are soon far apart, then lost sight of altogether. We now follow a N. W. course for two and one-half hours, which takes us across the bay, a dis- tance of forty-five miles. This is the only spot where we lose sight of land. As you turn your attention once more towards the north, you may see the distant smoke of another steamer going our way ; you had not noticed her before, as she left Detroit twelve or fourteen hours ahead of us. We are fast overhauling her, and you become more and more interested as you notice how much more frequently great clouds of black smoke are thrown out from her one smoke-stack, and wonder why your fellow-passengers are again so interested. The fact of the matter is, they know the performance of these steamers so well that they fully expect them to pass everything they meet, and that, too, without any extra effort to burn more coal. The boys may pay a little more atten- tion to the journals, keeping them well oiled and clear so she will skip along to the best advantage, but on this they are ever watchful, and we will pass her, try as she may. But listen to the conversation; it will amuse you. On our right is a young lady from Savannah, Ga., on her first trip to Mackinac. The gentleman with whom she is speaking is her uncle from Boston, who comes up here every season. 64 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. " See! " she cries, " we are gaining on herl " "Yes," says the gentleman, "we will pass her within fifteen minutes." " Oh, myl how fast are we going? " " About seventeen or eighteen miles 'an hour." " How fast are they? " " Well, I don't know what steamer that is ; I should guess ten or 65 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac twelve miles an hour. Some are that fast, and others don't make over eight miles." " Do they carry passengers ? " Yes, a few. They run into small ports that this line doesn't touch, and then they get a few through passengers, because she left twelve hours ahead of us, and it was thought naturally that they would arrive at their destination as much in advance; but the fact is, we will get through first, and this steamer on her return trip will meet her again somewhere out in the lake, still working her way up slowly." " Why, our steamer must get back to Detroit again, a long way ahead of that one I " " Oh, yes, she'll make two round trips while the other is making but one. In the fall when the weather is rough, the steamers of this line run in and out of their ports about on time, and sometimes leave other steamers tied up to the same wharf awaiting favorable weather, while we are making two and three trips." " Then passengers miss it by taking any but this line ? " " Most certainly they do. When only the City of Cleveland was running on this line, it was then sometimes an object to take the first steamer, if you were not particular about comfort, but the company built this elegant City of Mackinac, and now it makes no difference how anxious you may be to get through, its better to wait for her or the City of Cleveland, whichever happens to leave first, and you'll arrive at Mackinac Island ahead, every time, and even at Alpena, practically as soon." But here we go, past our friend, like an arrow shot from a bow, and the shouts die out, handkerchiefs disappear, and the craft becomes once more a mere speck in the blue distance. Passengers do not scatter however, because we have now arrived abreast of the wharf at Oscoda, and the wheelsman is hard at work throwing his wheel over to starboard for a ' two mile run ' due west to the landing, which is at a sharp right angle to the course we have been following." Among the amusing incidents which often occur on a long route like this, was one at Sand Beach not long ago. It so happened that one of the fastest one pipe steamers was just leaving the harbor going north, as the City of Cleveland was coming in at the lower entrance, bound in the same direction. The City of Cleveland was one hour and fifteen minutes discharging and taking on freight. On getting under way it was only one hour and ten minutes before she passed the first steamer at such a rapid rate that passengers thoucrht the one ■^ 66 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. pipe was laying still. Shortly after a dense fog arose, but the City of Cleveland made Oscoda just the sanne as though it was a clear day. Without the thorough system and close watchfulness of our officers this would not be possible. As they cannot see, they are obliged to knov/. Some two hours later while discharging freight, this one pipe steamer came along signaling with her whistle that she could not find the entrance and asking for assistance, which the captain promptly ren- dered, by signals from the Cleveland's whistle. The rough exterior of a sailor has a tender spot beneath, And should distress be signalled, will always take a reef. Arch Rock, Mackinac Island. 67 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac OSCODA . 195 miles from Detroit, has 2,000 inhabitants, and is located at the mouth and on the northside of the Au Sable river. It was settled in 1874. The adjacent country com- prises extensive forests of pine, and lumber- ing is one of its chief interests. It also has extensive salt w/orks. The Detroit, Bay City and Alpena R. R. v\'as completed in the fall of 1883, to Alger Station, there forming a conr.ection with the Mackinac division of the Michigan Central R. R., making the inland towns between Bay City and Mackinac City easily accessible from this point. The town of Au Sable is located on the south side of the river_ It was settled in 1849, and has a population of 2,500. These ports have no harbor, and piers are built from the shore into deep water. As our steamer approaches the wharf we can see that there are quite a large number of people here also. Are they all coming on board you ask? No, not all of them. The arrival of the steamers of this line always brings out the people along the shore, especially on Sundays. Quite a large number of these, however, are going with us ; some came from Harrisville, and some from Alpena this morning, at one fare for the round trip. You will find by referring to the time table again that it so happens that the City of Cleveland leaves Alpena Sunday mornings at 8 o'clock, and arrives at this place at noon, which gives aboutfour hours here, before the City of Mackinac comes along to take them home again. This is the only day in the week that it is possible to take a round trip for a short distance on these steamers, and you can easily imagine how delightful this arrangement must be for these people who have no extended variety of amusement. You observe again as you did at Port Huron that it is the quiet and orderly people who avail themselves of the recreation afforded. Leaving the wharf again the steamer backs out for a quarter of a mile into the lake. The wheelsman throws his wheel over hard-a-port and heads her E., N. E. for eight minutes, or about two miles straight out from the wharf in order to clear Miller's point, and a series of shoals extending out from the main land, then throwing the wheel a starboard heads N., N. E. for one hour and ten minutes until directly opposite Harrisville, she is then headed at right angles from this course to W. x N. ^ N. for the wharf, where we drop quite a number of our round trip passengers who came on board at Oscoda. 68 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac HARRISVILLE . 213 miles from Detroit, has a population of 1 ,000 and is one of the flourishing villages of the west shore. The location is high, commands a fine view of the lake, and lays claim to being one of the many healthy locations of this wonderful northern Michigan. It has been visited by invalids with the most favorable results, and entertains hopes of sometime being a favorite resort. !_ Sixteen miles inland is Hubbard Lai H' :*■ ^ ^ Jf - ^ ;r- "- ■*- o T3 " ? o r o 03 o rs t? M ? o >), ■^'"(^^T 0.'' A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac their cause, arrangeda simultaneous attack upon all the English forts in the lake country. Among those taken by surprise and destroyed was the little post on the Straits of Mackinac. No soldiers were seen in these regions for a year afterwards, when a treaty of peace having been made with the Indians, troops were again sent to raise the English flag over the fort. During the war for Independence the fort was estab- lished on its present site at Mackinac Island, and the stars and stripes, superseding the cross of St. George and the lilies of the Bourbons, waved for a time peacefully over the heights; but the war of 1812 began, and the small garrison was surprised and captured by the British. After the victory of Commodore Perry on Lake Erie in 1813, an effort was made to recapture it, which proved unsuccessful. The troops sent were insufficient in numbers, the clumsy vessels which were to support them, could do nothing against the winds and waves, and not until the conclusion of peace in 1814 was the American flag again hoisted over the Gibraltar of the lakes. The fourth or fur trading period opened in 1809, when John Jacob Astor organized the American Fur Company with a capital of two mil- lions, and bought out the numerous struggling associations along the straits. For forty years this company monopolized the fur trade, and Mackinac, the great central market, was the busiest and gayest post on the lakes. These were Mackinac's palmy days. Her two little streets were crowded with people, and her warehouses filled with merchandise. Mr. Astor sold out in 1834. The trade now lacked the energy and con- trolling influence which he had given it, and the company soon became involved. In 1848 the business was abandoned. In its best days it was one of mammoth proportions, but exists now only in history. Here also the U. S. Government made the annual Indian payments, when the neighboring tribes assembled by thousands to receive their stipend. The fifth period is the summer resort of our modern times, which distinction is mainly owing to the facilities for reaching it recently afforded by three railroads and the steamers of the Detroit and Cleve- land Steam Navigation Company, all of which center here, and for the want of which Mackinac, until within a few years, remained in a transition state. Its original name Me-che-no-mock-e-mong, was given it by the Indians, as expressive of their surprise, when at one time at Point St. Ignace a large gathering of their people who were intently gazing at the rising sun, during the Great Manitou, or February moon, beheld the Island suddenly rise up from the water and assume its present form. From the point of observation it bore a fancied resemblance to 84 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac V the back of a huge turtle, hence the name. The French called it Michilimackinac. Its present nanne Mackinac is pronounced Mack-i-naw. The Indians regarded this island with a species of veneration. Tradition credits it with being the birth-place of Michabou, the Indian god of waters, and the home of the giant spirits. It is said that in passing to and fro the savages made offerings of tobacco and other articles to the Great Spirits in order to gain their good will. These deities were supposed to have a subterranean abode under the island, the entrance to which was near the base of the hill, just below the present southern gate of the fort. The island was often the chosen home of the savage tribes, prob- ably from the security which it afforded against their enemies. July 15th, 1780, the British abandoned the fort at Old Mackinaw, and transferred the garrison to Mackinac Island, where they built the present Fort Mackinac The history of modern Mackinac properly be- gins at this date. By a treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States, signed at Paris September 3d, 1783, the island fell within the boundary of the United States, but under various pretences the English refused to withdraw their troops. By a second treaty of amity, commerce and navigation concluded November 19, 1794, it was stipulated that the British should withdraw on or before June 1, 1796. Two companies of U. S. troops arrived October, 1796, and took posses- sion, a previous treaty of peace with the Indians having secured from them the post. During the war of 1812, the Island was surrendered to the British, and again restored to the United States by a treaty signed December 24, 1814. The first steamboat to arrive at Mackinac was the Walk-in-the-Water in 1819. Mackinac Island contains two thousand two hundred and twenty- one acres, of which the national park contains eight hundred and twenty- one acres, and the military reservation one hundred and three acres. The natural scenery is unsurpassed. Nature seems to have exhausted herself in the manifold objects of interest which meet the eye in every direction. The lover of Mother Earth will hardly grow weary of wan- dering through its. shaded glens, and climbing over its rugged rocks, each day bringing to light some new object of beauty and interest. Every spot has some wild Indian legend attached to it, some of which the author of " Hiawatha" has put into English verse. Hiawatha is the Mena-bosho of the Algonquins, and the Island of Mackinac was con- sidered his birth-place. 86 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac It was visited in 1669 by that pioneer of civilization, Father Allouez, who became much interested, and left records of the Indian folk lore of the place. Mackinac village is a perfect curiosity in itself. Situated at the foot of the bluff, upon the brow of which stands the fort, it extends for a distance of a mile around the beach. The buildings are a mixture of the modern and antique, some of which were brought from Old Macki- naw when the town and fort were removed from that point after the massacre of June 4, 1763. Many of the fences are of the original pali- sade style. Schoolcraft, who visited it in 1820, says: " Nothing can exceed the beauty of this Island." It is a mass of calcareous rock rising from the bed of Lake Huron, and reaching a height of more than three hundred feet above the water. Some of its cliffs shoot up perpendicularly, and tower in pinnacles like half ruined gothic steeples. It is cavernous in some places, and in these caverns the ancient Indians were wont to place their dead. Portions of the beach are level, and well adapted to landing from boats. The harbor at the south end is a little gem. In it vessels can anchor and be sure of a holding, and around it the little, old fashioned French town nestles in primitive style, while above frowns the fort, its white walls gleaming in the sun. The whole area of the island, is one labyrinth of curious glens and valleys. Old fields appear in spots which were formerly cultivated by Indians. In some of them are circles of gathered stones, as if the Druids themselves had dwelt there. The soil, though rough, is fertile. The Island was formerly covered with a dense growth of rock maples, oaks, iron wood, etc., and there are still parts of this ancient forest left, but all the southern limits exhibit a young growth. There are walks and winding paths of the most romantic character among its hills and precipices. From the eminences over- looking the lake can be seen magnificent views of almost illimitable extent. " If the poetic muses are ever to have a new Parnassus in America they should inevitably fix on Mackinac Island. Hygeia, too, should place her temple here, for it is one of the purest, dryest, cleanest and most healthful of atmospheres." The island shows unmistakable evidence of the water having been two hundred and fifty feet above its present line. It is a mooted ques- tion whether the lake has fallen from its original level or the island has, from some cause, been lifted up. Springs of water clear, and cold, may be found at the base of the high cliffs and scattered through other localities. By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. Places of interest will be readily found by reference to the bird's eye view, which shows the different locations and roads leading to them, or Starr's chariot leaves at nine in the morning to visit objects of interest. It also makes a second trip in the afternoon at two. The ac- commodations are sufficient for a good sized party, and the charges 50 cents for each person. View of Traverse City, Mich. Fort Mackinac, standing on a rocky eminence just above the town, was built by the English over ninety years ago. It is now garri- soned by a small company of U. S. troops. Starting from this spot, following the foot path along the brow of the bluff over-looking the eastern part of the town, visitors fond of natural scenery will be de- lighted with the grand panorama of Nature which meets the view. Nearly three-fourths of a mile from the fort at the south eastern angle of the Island is the overhanging cliff known as Robinson's Folly. The legends connected with this cliff differ in the hands of different writers. One has it that : "Captain Robinson. 89 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac a gay young English officer, and a great admirer of ladies, wliiie stroll- ing in the woods suddenly beheld a few rods before him, a beautiful girl, who retreated as fast as he approached, until she was finally lost sight of. Once more she appeared to him, but vanished as before. A few evenings after this, the captain was walking along the patii which leads to this precipice, his thoughts still occupied with the mystery, when he again beheld the girl sitting on a large stone, apparently enjoy- ing the magnificent scene spread out before her. Escape for her now seemed impossible. Silently he approached, a crunching of the gravel under' his feet, however, betrayed his presence; she turned and their eyes met. He spoke in gentle, persuasive tones, but she made no reply, retreating towards the brink, at the same time glancing to the right and left, as if seeking a loop hole of escape. The captain shud- dered at the thought of her making an unguarded step, and being dashed to pieces on the rocks below. Finally in his eagerness to cap- ture the mysterious stranger, as well as to save her from destruction should she lose her balance, the captain sprang forward to seize her, but just as he clutched her arm, she threw herself backward into the chasm, dragging her tormentor and would-be savior with her, and both were instantly dashed on the rocks below. His body alone was found, and buried near the middle of the Island. He was long mourned by his men and brother officers, but by and by it began to be whispered that the captain had indulged too freely in the fine old French brandy that the fur traders brought up from Montreal, and the lady was a mere ignis fatuus of his excited imagination, but the mantle of charity has been thrown over the tragedy, and a romantic explanation given in its place." Another writer says: " After the removal of the fort to the island in 1780, Captain Robinson, who then commanded the post, had a sum- mer house built upon this cliff, which soon became a frequent resort for himself and brother officers. Pipes, cigars and wine were called into requisition, for at that time no entertainment was thought complete without them, and thus many an hour, which otherwise would have been lonely and tedious, passed pleasantly away. After a few years, by the action of the elements, a portion of the cliff, together with the house, fell to the base of the rock, which disastrous event gave rise to the name." The brow of this cliff is 127 feet high. A little to the north of this may be seen an immense rock, standing out boldly from the mountain side, near the base of which is a beautiful little arch known as the Giant's Stairway. This arch is well worth the trouble of a visit. 90 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac A few minutes' walk along the brow of the bluff brings you to the far famed Arch Rock. This is a curiosity which must be seen to be appre- ciated. It is a magnificent natural arch, spanning a chasm of eighty feet or more in height, and forty feet in width. The opening under- neath has been produced by the falling of great masses of rock, which are seen lying on the beach below. A path to the right leads to the brink of the arch, the summit of which is three feet wide and one hun- dred and forty-nine feet above the lake. From this dizzy height a most magnificent view presents itself. Below lies the broad expanse of Lake Huron, dotted in the distance with green gems of islands, and at the feet splashes its waves upon a pebbly beach, as if they were ever hastening at the bidding of Ariel's song: "Come unto these yellow sands," Descending through the great chasm we come upon a second arch of less majestic proportions, but equally curious and wonderful, and looking up, the mighty arch seems suspended above us in mid-air. The rains and frosts have every year made great ravages, and the rock cannot long resist their action. Taking the road leading into the interior of the island, you soon reach Sugar Loaf Rock The plateau upon which it stands is about one hundred and fifty feet high, while the summit of the rock is two hundred and eighty-four feet above the lake, giving an elevation of one hundred and thirty-four feet to the rock itself. The composition of this rock is the same as that of Arch Rock. Its shape is conical, and from its crevices grow a few vines and cedars. It is cavernous and somewhat crystalline, with its strata distorted in every direction. In the north side is an opening sufficient to admit several individuals. The view is very fine from the top. The curious are ever eager to known what freak of Nature placed this monstrous boulder in its isolated position, looking as though it had been thrust up through the earth like a needle through a garment. Traces of water action are seen on these two rocks, and are particular examples of denuding action, which could only have operated while near the level of a large body of water like the great lake itself. To all fond of natural curiosities these two rocks alone possess attractions sufficient to justify a visit to Mackinac Island. Now, return to the fort and set out in another direction. Half a mile to the rear, and only a short distance to the right of the road leading to Early's farm is Skull Rock, noted as the place in which Alexander Henry was secreted by the Chippewa chief, Wawatam, after the massacre of the British garrison at Old Mackinaw. Near the house now occupied by 92 By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. Mr. Early is that relic of 1812, the old Dousman house, across the road from which is the battle ground. A short distance down the road lead- ing through this farm is Family Scene at Bay View. British Landing, where Captain Roberts disembarked his forces of English, French and Indians to take the island in 1812. The American troops, under Col. Croghan, also landed here in August, 1814, under cover of the guns of the squadron, and marched to the edge of the clearing, (now Early's farm) where the enemy was in waiting. In a few seconds a fire was opened upon him, and the woods on every side literally swarmed with savages. After a vigorous attempt to drive the enemy from their stronghold, he was obliged to retreat with the loss of Major Holmes and several men. To the right of British Landing is a trail through the woods leading to 93 A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac Scott's Cave, which is under one of the huge rocks peculiar to Mack- inac, its entrance is very low, but once inside a giant might stand erect. A most peculiar sensation connes over one on entering this dim cavern, and unless provided with a candle or lantern the visitor will find himself in almost total darl63a_ VS SO S3 St S6 A S S S O 6 . T" n ( ~r r -r H" ~[ — r T T' rrrnni LCJjj PADDm BOX STEAMER "CITY OF MACKINAC."