■^ <. o . .0 -^^0^ .^ -0^ ^"'^^. •*b V^ -V V' >. V -3Si '* .^^' •<*'\ >^'"-. ,." ^^. ^^ ;^ ^;> .^" V ^ ^: : c> ^0 s = * ° ' ^ ^ o^" .. *V. * O N ,■ ,4 c "^-■Vv;^; ^> ■^^ A .*'% 0^ . o « o , *'c, ./» '^0^ O •>> >^ *• .^^ . ^<. .C ^^ ^ 0^ '--bv^ :. 't^o r<^ '"^/^v -^^.V ° X-^b^' V' cf % ^^^"^^ ,v'^ "^^ ^;::^^^.^ ^^' ^ ,cf,.;^.:,^. /.v,:.i-.\ oo^.'i;.:-,^ ■'■,.*^ WILLIAM PENN CURIEUSe NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. FROM PAINTING BY FRANCIS PLACE IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. FALCKNERS Curieufe Ma^ti^t Von PENSYLVANFA THE BOOK THAT STIMULATED THE GREAT (3crman lEmtQtation TO Ipennei^lvanta IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE XVIII CENTURY. A Repri7it of the Edition of 1702, amplified rvith the Text of the Original Manuscript i?i the Halle Archives. Together Tvith an Introduction and Eiiglish Translation of the Complete Work BY 3ultu6 jfrtcbncb Sacb0c, Xttt.m Member American Philosophical Society —Historical Society of Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania-German Society — American Historical Association — International Congress of Orientalists, etc., etc. IPbllaOelpbla : PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR MDCCCCV LiEfif.RVol- 50H3SESS Two Copies rtectived L Reprinted from Volume XIV., Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society Edition limited to two hundred and fifty copies of which this is No... y .: Copyright, 1905 By JUtlUS F. SACHSE All rights reserved Press or The new Era Printins Company Lancaster, Pa. THIS VOLUME IS PRINTKD AS A MEMORIAL TO THE £arli? (Berman Settlers of Pennsylvania WHO LEFT THE FATHERLAND TO FOUND A HOME FOR THEMSELVES AND POSTERITY IN penn's province WHERE LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE WAS ASSURED AND WHOSE DESCENDENTS ARE NOW TO BE FOUND PROMINENT FACTORS IN EVERY STATE OF THE AMERICAN UNION CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. Foreword. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania — Two great Migra- tions — A rare Book — Finding of the Original Manu- script of 1699 5~7 CHAPTER IL Penn's Province. William Penn — Benjamin Furly — Advertising the Grant — Practical Results — Literature in English, Dutch and German 8-13 CHAPTER III. Francis Daniel Pastorius. Arrival of Crefelders — German Accounts of the Province — Konneken Manuscripts — Contents — Pas- torius Letters and Report — " Four Useful Tracts" . . 13-21 CHAPTER IV. " Curieuse Nachricht von Pensylvanien." Persecution of Pietists — Seelig's Report to Spener — Daniel Falckner's Return to Europe — Qiiestions Sub- mitted to Him — Printed Version of 1 703 — Value of the Book — Subsequent Editions — Publications of Falckner and Pastorius 22-30 viii Contents. CHAPTER V. Daniel Falckner. Biographical Sketch — Early Pietist — Friend of Spener — Spener's Interest in the German Settlement of Pennsylvania — Kelpius' Party — Voyage and Vicis- situdes — The Tabernacle on the Wissahickon . . . . 31-38 CHAPTER VI. August Hermann Francke. Correspondence — Presents Seventy-three Qiiestions to Falckner — Pastorius' Accusation of Falckner — Ref- utation of the Slander — Complete Vindication — An Enduring Monument 39""43 FALCKNER'S AUTHENTIC TIDINGS. List of Qiiestions. Seventy-three Qiiestions in Original Manuscript . . 46-57 Twenty-two Additional Questions in Original Manu- script 5S-61 Nine Qiiestions in Printed Version Not Found in the Original Manuscript 62-63 PR^MONITIO. Preface. Preface to Original Manuscript 64-75 Preface to Printed Version 76-81 QUESTIONS I -8. The Voyage. Arrangement for, and Conduct upon the Voyage — What to Beware of — Intercourse with Crew — Sea Sickness — Young Persons 82-95 Contents. ix QUESTIONS 9-16. In the New World. What to Observe — Deportment Toward Other Sects — Establishment — Health — Climate — Fertility — Fruits and Vegetables — How to Support Oneself . . 95-105 QUESTIONS 17-28. The Indians. Their Tribes — Intercourse — Virtues and Vices — Life — Support — Employment — Children — Married Life — Judgments — Government — Authority . . . 106-121 QUESTIONS 29-40. Education of the Savage. How to Introduce Religion — Arts and Sciences — True Nature of the Christian — German and English language — Education of the Children — The Elders Religion and Life Prior to European Settlement . 122-135 QUESTIONS 41-44. Home Life of the Indian. Language — Diseases and Their Cures — Warfare — Household — Domestic Affairs and Utensils .... 136-145 QUESTIONS 45-4S. Animalia of the Province. Animal life in the Province — Aquatic Life — Danger- ous Animals in the Waters — Fauna 146-15 1 QUESTIONS 49-55. German Settlement of the Province. Proposal to send over Saltworkers from Halle — Pious Miners — Geographical Description — Corre- spondence with Europe — Artisans — Devout Literature — Missionary Laborers 15 2-1 61 X Contents. QUESTIONS 56-65. Local Customs. Life of the Indian — Parturition — Infants — Water Courses — Fishing — Hunting — Game — Birds — Bears . 1 62-1 71 QUESTIONS 66-81. Development of the Province. Indians, How to Avoid Irritating Them — Arts and Sciences, Introduction of — Settlers — New Colonies — — Suggestions — Arrangements — Regulations — Names of Towns in the Province — Commerce — Extension of the Kingdom of God — History — Traditions — Condi- tion — Project for a New Settlement 172-205 QUESTIONS 82-SS. Information for Emigrants. Chief needs of America — Where Necessaries are to be Obtained — What to Bring from England and Hol- land — Who to Report to upon Arrival — Liberty to Return to Europe — Mechanics Most Needed . . . 206-213 QUESTIONS 89-103. Indians. Burial of Dead — Oaths — Seventh Day — True Knowledge of God — Resurrection of Dead — Arms — Philosophers — Observation of the Stars — Extraordi- nary Phenomena — Motus — Millennium — Divers sects in Pennsylvania — How to Pacify the Indians — Names of Indians and Children 213-245 APPENDIX. Notes and amplifications of Various Matters in the text 246-256 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. William Pen a Frontispiece Benjamin Furly Facing page 12 Early Map Showing Swedish and Dutch Settlements. 20-21 Title, Pastorius Beschreibung, Memmingen Reprint 1792 " " 28 Title, Pastorius Beschreibung, Crefeldt Reprint 1884 29 Rev. Philip Jacob Spener " " 32 Magister Johannes Kelpius " *' 36 Rev. August Hermann Francke " " 39- Map of Pennsylvania and West Jersey " " 45- Wampum belt " " 121^ First Deed of the Indians to William Penn " " 140-^ Earliest Known Picture of Philadelphia 190 "^ Penn's " Second Settlement " 244-245- Falckner Arms " " 248 ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT. Note. — The Head and Tail Pieces used in the body of the book, pp. 45 to 245, are reproductions of the Edition of 1702. PAGE. Head Piece 5 Arms, Sachse 5 Arms, Penn 8 Head Piece, Penn 8 Autograph of Penn 9 Tail Piece 12 Head Piece 13 Arms, Pastorius • 13 Autograph, Pastorius 14 Konneken MSS 15 Title of Sichere Nachricht ... 18 Title, Pastorius 20 Tail Piece 21 Head Piece and Vignette .... 22 Autograph, Furly 23 Title, Falckner 24 Title, Pastorius . 26 Title, Continuatio 27 Autograph, Daniel Falckner . .32 Kelpius' Diary 35 Tail Piece 38 Head Piece 39 Halle Symbol 39 Autograph, Francke 43 Autograph, Sachse 44 Seal of Pennsylvania-German So- ciety 44 ii^ --< tm i mmmt - i Ttm mMwi iii ^ui c n !mu»m»^^iiin^iiiinip FOREWORD. O incident connected with the settlement of the grand old Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has aroused greater interest in the minds of the historian and the student than the migration of the Ger- man masses from the Father- land to Penn's province on the Delaware, beginning during the reign of King Charles the Second and extending with more or less regularity, according to the political and religious conditions of Western Germany, down to the early years of the third George. It was a tide of brawn and muscle, which sought to escape the persecu- tions at home, and here in the new world to found homes for themselves, their families and posterity, and erect in the wilderness altars for the worship of Almighty God, according to the dictates of their conscience, free and un- trammelled by any ecclesiastical or secular restrictions. The story of the two great migrations from Germany to Pennsylvania in 1709 and 1764 has been told in detail. 5 6 Curieuse JVackricht von Pennsylvania. The first one, known as the Massen aiisivanderiing or " Exodus of 1709" is exhaustively set forth in the seventh volume of the Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society. That of the second great migration, in the year 1764, will be found upon the pages of the Lutheran Church Review for the year 1903 and was compiled from original sources and documents by the present writer. Full and instructive accounts of the continuous general movement of the Germans to Pennsylvania are presented in the contributions to our history by fellow members of the Pennsylvania-German Society and printed in the pro- ceedings of that organization. It is not our present purpose to go over any of the ground already covered by the above investigators, but to bring to notice some new and additional matter, and direct atten- tion to the factor that set this great migratory stream in motion, one which has had so great and salutatory an effect upon the development, not only of Pennsylvania, but of the whole United States, which is now justly known as the great world power of the western hemisphere. This great factor is nothing less than a small duodecimo, but little known except to historians and collectors of rare books. So scarce is this little volume that it is seldom quoted by dealers in their lists of Americana or found in the antiquariat catalogues of Germany. In the only in- stance of the latter known to the writer the book was quoted at 250 marks, a sum equivalent to $62.50 of our money. Of the few known copies, one is in the collection of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; and others in that of the old German Society, Philadelphia Library Company, and in the collection of an ex-president of the Pennsyl- vania-German Society. An Original Manuscript. 7 Heretofore nothing was known as to the conditions under which this book was written and pubHshed or who propounded the 103 questions, the answers to which, besides giving advice to the prospective emigrant and settler, present an insight into the life and habits of the Indians and the social conditions of Penn's Colony in its infancy, not to be found elsewhere. It was the good fortune of the writer, during his late search among the archives in the Fatherland, after records and material bearing upon the early history of this prov- ince, to find not only the original manuscript of this book, but also the original set of questions, as submitted to Daniel Falckner, the learned scholar and Pietist who had lately returned from the solitudes of the hermitage on the Wissahickon. This set of questions proved to be in the handwriting of no less a person than the celebrated divine and scholar, August Hermann Francke, who together with Spener was then at the head of the Pietistical movement in the Lutheran Church in Germany. A careful copy of this manuscript was made for the writer. This has since been compared with the printed version, which it appears differs slightly in some of its minor particulars from the original. Then again a few additions were made to the text, while a considerable portion of the prologue and text was omitted. The main features, however, remain the same in both versions. The account, as will be shown, went through several editions, which were issued simultaneously in Leipzig and Frankfort-on-the-Mayn. CHAPTER II. The Province of Pennsylvania. P PENNSYLVANIA was the best advertised province of all the original thirteen Colonies, and it was mainly due to the liberal use of printer's ink that the stream of emigration was aroused, and set in so strongly and steadily towards King Charles the Second's grant to William Penn, at a time when emi- gration to the New World was lagging. No professional pro- moter or land speculator of the present day could have devised any scheme which would have proved a greater success than the means taken b}^ William Penn and his counsellor Benjamin Furly to advertise his province among the various nations and conditions of men. It is quite piquant to picture the Society of Friends as the founders of American advertising. But such they were. By a reference to the list of title-pages printed in fac- simile in Volume VII., Proceedings of the Pennsylvania- 8 Penn^s ^^ Account" of the Province. 9 German Society, it will be seen that no less than fifty-eight books, broadsides, and pamphlets, in English, Dutch, German and French are enumerated which bear upon the early settlement of Pennsylvania. The first four of these are by Penn and Furly, and are of a religious nature. We then come to William Penn's Some Account of the Province of Pennsylvania in America. This account was compiled by Penn and Furly from the best information then obtainable, and printed almost im- mediately after the grant received the royal confirmation in the year 1681. It^^was issued in English, German and Dutch, and was liberally circulated by Furly through- out Holland and the country adjacent to the Rhine. The pamphlet begins with a glowing account of the new province, setting forth the advantages offered by it to the husbandman and tiller of the soil. By way of comparison, Penn says that an improved acre in the Barbadoes is worth three times the value of an acre in England, and that in Virginia an acre of tobacco pays a clear profit of twenty- five pounds, besides twenty barrels of corn yearly. Thence Penn proceeds, as he states, "to give some account of his concerns." This section he divides under the following five heads : 1. I shall say what may be necessary of the place or province. 2. Touch upon the constitutions. 3. Lay down the conditions. 4. Give my sense of what persons will be fit to go. 10 Cur tense Nach7'icht von Pennsylvania. 5. What utensils, furniture and commodities are lit to carry with them, with the charge of the voyage, and what is first to be done and expected there for some time. Then follows an abstract of the grant by King Charles II., closing with an invocation, in which Penn says : "I beseech Almighty God to direct us, that his blessing may attend our honest endeavour, and then the conse- quence of all our undertaking will turn to the glory of his great name and the true happiness of us and our posterity." The whole matter formed a folio pamphlet of ten pages. This "Account" was at once translated by Benjamin Furly into German and Dutch. The former was printed by Cun- raden at Amsterdam, the Dutch version by Wynbrugge at Rotterdam. This was the earliest notice of Pennsylvania in German, and was reprinted two years later (1683) at Leipzig. To both of these translations, Furly, further to strengthen Penn's claims to German and Dutch recognition and to stimulate emigration from those countries, added a translation of Penn's " Liberty of Conscience." It was also reprinted in the Diarium Europacuni. About the same time (1681) an enlarged German version of Du VaPs Universal Geography was issued by Froberg of Niirnberg, giving some notice of Pennsylvania ; and also a French book, by Reinier Leers, at Rotterdam, which mentions Pennsylvania upon the title-page. By the aid of Furly's commercial and personal corre- spondents this literature was circulated throughout the Low Countries and in Germany, as far as Liibeck and Dantzic in the East and down the Rhine among the Palatines even into Switzerland. The first practical results from these advertisements are shown by the conveyance on March 10, 1682, of 15,000 acres of land in Pennsylvania to Jacob Telner, Dirck Sip- Crefeld Purchasers . 1 1 man of Crefeld and Jan Streypers of Kaldkirchen. These men were the first of the original Crefeld purchasers. Shortly afterwards (1682) Penn issued another advertise- ment of his province. It was a pamphlet of three and a half pages, two columns to a page, the object of which was to furnish information for prospective settlers of the differ- ent nationalities. The heading of the English version sets forth : Information and Direction to Such Persons as are in- clined to America^ More Especially Those related to the Province of Pennsylvania. This was also translated and issued in both German and Dutch. No German copy of this rare pamphlet is known, but a Dutch copy, lacking the last page and the imprint, was found among the Penn papers in the collection of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. It is endorsed : " Dutch information over Pennsylv." Another Dutch edition of this pamphlet, with a somewhat different heading, was issued in 1686. In the meantime Penn had printed the Articles^ settle- ment and offices of the free Society of Traders in Pennsyl- vania; also his Frame of the Government of the Prov- ince, etc., neither of which appear to have been translated into any other language. These issues were quickly followed by Penn's Brief accottnt of the Province of Pennsylvania, which was at once translated and published by Furly in Dutch, French and German. This was supplemented with Plantation zL'ork, the zvork of this Generation, which however does not appear to have been issued in any but the English tongue. Such was the literature that was being scattered broad- cast throughout the different countries to bring the province 12 Curieuse Nachricht von Pennsylvania. into notice, during the eighteen months that Penn had been in possession of his charter. While Furly was bending his efforts to induce emigra- tion to Penn's province chiefly among the non-orthodox sects, such as Sectarians and Separatists in Holland and Germany, Penn was completing his arrangements for going to his province. He finally sailed on the Welcome in August, 1682, arriving at New Castle on the Delaware on October 27, after a voyage of fifty-four days. CURIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. ^, y?-#-^-r ^"'-^"-'I— ^^«^'-''^^^»^ BENJAHIN FURLY. RrRIL 13. 1636: D.NRRCM. I 7 I ^v. CHAPTER III. Francis Daniel Pastorius. ^ YEAR later, August ^^ i6, 1683, Francis Daniel Pastorius arrived at Philadelphia. He came out as the representative of a number of German Pietists who had acquired considerable tracts of land from Penn. Two months later he was followed by the first German settlers from Krisheim and Cre- feld, who arrived in the Concord, October 6, 1683. Up to this time the narratives and descriptions of the country were derived from verbal accounts and hearsay, obtained from diverse sources which were deemed by Penn and Furly to be reliable. The advent of Penn, Pastorius, the Crefelders and other settlers brought forth a new set of letters and authentic descriptions, direct from the New 13 14 Curieuse JVachricht voii Pennsylvania. World, giving personal experiences and accounts derived from actual observation. This class of literature v^^as destined to attract greater attention than the vague accounts heretofore published, and thus gradually to stimulate German emigration. • These missives were not all printed immediately, but were transcribed as soon as received by Furly, and copies were sent to leading Pietists and Sectarians in Germany and Holland who were interested in promoting the settle- ment of Pennsylvania, a colony where liberty of conscience was assured. Some of these persons in turn made new copies thereof, either in whole or in part, for their own use before passing the original transcript to others who were interested. Thus was the information of Penn's colony in its earliest days spread in the non-orthodox circles quickly and quietly. It was the good fortune of the writer, in one of his pil- grimages to the Fatherland, to discover in the Ministerial archives of Liibeck one of these manuscript volumes relat- ing to the early settlement of Penn's province. These copies were made by one Jaspar Balthasar Konneken, a book- seller of Liibeck (d. 17 15) scholar and Pietist, an intimate associate of the members who formed the Frankfort Com- pany. Konneken, as correspondent of Furly, took great interest in the settlement of Pennsylvania, and was only dissuaded from going out in 1683 or joining the colony on the Wissahickon in 1694 on account of his advanced age. He carefully copied and preserved the information sent him by Furly. Here we find : An Ijiteresting Manuscript. IS tt ^ ^ i6 Cicrieuse Nachricht von Pennsylvania. 1. The letter sent by Pastorius to his parents, dated Philadelphia, March 7, 1684. 2. Pastorius' report to the Frankfort Company of the same date. 3. Letter from Benjamin Furly, 5th of 3 Mo., 1684. 4. Missive from William Penn, Philadelphia, Aug. 26, 1683. 5. An account of the City of Philadelphia. 6. Extract from a letter by Thomas Paskell, February 10, 1683. 7. Letter from Philadelphia, February 12, 1684, g^"^'^"g the earliest information from Germantown, written by one of the Op de Graffs. 8. Extract from an open letter by Van der Walle from America. 9. Letter from Penn to Furly, August, 1683. 10. Letter from Philadelphia, Sept. i, 1683. 11. Letter from Philadelphia, March 27, 1683. 12. Letter from John Rodger Langwart to Peter Hen- dricks. Most of these missives were afterwards printed in whole or in part, but some are so excessively scarce that three of the most important among them were entirely unknown to Pennsylvania historians until brought to their notice several years ago by the present writer, when written copies were made of the German letters at his direction. A later com- parison, however, with the original manuscript showed so many discrepancies that photographic fac-similes were made of all the missives both German and Dutch, and these are now available to the American student. The first and most important of the above to be printed was Penn's Letter to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders, in 1683. This was quickly translated and issued German Letters from Pennsylvania. 17 in Low Dutch, German and French. To these were added Holmes' Description of Philadelphia and Thomas Paskel's letter of February 10, 1683. A second edition of the Dutch version was published in 1684, as is shown by the Konneken manuscript. This publication was followed a year later by another advertisement by Penn, known as A further account of the Province. This was also printed in the Continental tongues. Next we have Pastorius' two missives, numbers one and two on the above list '} (i) Cojf>ia eines, von eineni Sohn an seine Eltern aus America abgelassenen Brieffes. Sub. Dato Philadelphia den J Martii^ 168^. (2) Sichere Nachricht aus Amerika, wegen der Land- schafft Pennsylvanien^ von ei7ien dor thin gereisten Deut- schen. Sub. dato y Martii, 1684. We also have two missives in Low Dutch, one from Joris Wertmuller, a Switzer, dated Germantown, March 16, 1684, the other from Cornelius Bom, a cake baker, dated Philadelphia, October 12, 1684.^ These two letters were published by Pieter Van Wynbrugge at Rotterdam, and are undoubtedly the first accounts from actual German or Dutch settlers to be published. The above mentioned Pastorius missives not having been printed until the follow- ing year, the title reads as follows : Twee Missiven geschreveti uyt Pennsylvania a' Ene door een Hollander zuoonachtig in Philadeljia^ d' Andcr door Szvitzcr, zuoonachtig in German Town, Dat is Hoog- duytse Stadt. Van den 16, Jlfaert, 1684. Nieuwen Stij'l. tot Rotterdam, anno 1684.. ^ Both of these missives are reproduced in facsimile and translation in Sachse's " I,etters from Germantown, 1683-1684." Liibeck and Philadelphia, 1903. 2 For translation of these two missives see Pennypacker's " Hendrick Pannebecker, 1674-1754," pp. 27-39. i8 Curiczise Nachricht von Pennsylvania. ©ic^ere 5?ac6rlc^e a«0 America, xomxi Ux £at1^f(^a(ff dedato Philadelphia, t)CIJ7» Martii i6i^, filter /(^iifMi^en DHie^en^cIf fo tvol ar^au* imlnem?(&r(tieWt(5cn Serfpre^tien urdS> uiigldrfic Didation ((jrer »k( Winter tiab' ii(t)t gcfiUret n?ur6cii / berfiftm ifft iuin tor-- flup/l)a^irf) nuto^npmtf)ej)ifa)fr5ct)«o^nic Ungc* m A(t)(irf}f cifcii l)cr !iXf ip uiiD ten SDian^el f)if figer »prouin6 / al^ txa ton intern m ^ . ^«rii»'<^t?rfie(obr(nUb rtiJH eigfncr 'ecfa^ruu^ nun aieiniiit) t>erftc^f/»rfl^®fl\?it) im 1 07. 'PrflUn fagt / taf nwii mm Km -J^cnitrt)nuixt)'.c2Buiit)crtt>ercftc^-t)Srni / fonlxrn flurf)ll«ll©dfl^cPUHgcn)irtcr^t)er< rPii{)rcniucroflnicji>.u';jfoii)!<, Sann nKinc2ln()crorci^bc[er (Scburt ^weijer 5ltap« '(^ ten?. 3u(. beonaittlKteii ©mrn^fouajeflumnj fluf Nduitfe tociren i?cfauca / Dflg irt)emtcrriau3c:iea gall?" unferer Urdrcra / w«(? <^cnaetm9arat>c:P / i\^(SX\\^^^^ wa'6 wicrei autfncfttef/uat) jtiriicf bAlt/fcrniilt h?ir aiftt aaiifi(id) t>f rfaUca / m tea ?vbgruii& tf p 21r^m. ©orciTBcrtmAlIcr ftc(;\'ct(tniaiTi3iiberflu§bai-(/ Jbonw^ 0flfrcr/rit) bflttc ba^ iiXot^tauf/ uiiD Sfflflf ^[«>rc(e,tcr fonfi Im auffcrlaftcn 21iiff ben nrtri) ter ffi^rcf* ncMani laiigftcn fcaraeter. ^atrc iAaifo etaen eiaV-tii ©rf^iff'-l^orriMI / wiea-'Of I'rt) flfleta toa lim 4Ciu!*min(iii{iajej|t^truaferka^n3lir(f)cagcnomnKn/2c- ^laPclaSJoo'ggefcIIiDirinaig/uaBuat i«cn}iir j«iii)roita:ijgU{^fliif(t)ifl3m cuj«^ 2Bflaftf4)<^ juuj3i"«a ben?c^^ FACSIMir^E OF PRINTED VERSION OF PASTORIUS' " SICHERE NACHRICHT." Missive to Model ins. 19 These publications were followed in the year 1685, with a more extended account of the Province by Cornelius Bom, and a Latin missive, descriptive of Germantown by Pastorius, dated Germantown, December i, 1688. It was sent to Dr. Modelius, a Professor at the University of Alt- dorf, and intended to attract the attention of the learned classes. It was not, however, published until April, 1691, when the missive was inserted in the Monatliche Unter- redungcn, a serial published by Wilhelm Ernst Tenzel, the celebrated royal Saxon historian and author, at that time Professor at the Gotha Gymnasium. The letters, however, failed to interest the learned classes to any extent at this time, nor is it known to have been translated or republished until the year 1700 when a portion of this letter was incor- porated by Pastorius in his Bcschreibtmg -von Pennsyl- vanicn, Contenta Liter ariun Francisci Danielis Pastor ii^ an Herrn Gcorg Leonhard Modeln, Rector em Sckolce Windsheimensis . The missive contains little that is new or of interest except the statement that within the five years past the population of Germantown has increased from 13 to 50. " Quanquam enim anno 1683. tredecim tantum inchoa- verimus, unius tamen lustri intervallo numerum excreve- runt quinquagenarium." Families, and not persons are evidently meant here, as in his letter of March 7, 16S4, he states that " twelve families (consisting of forty-two persons) already live there pleasantly," etc.^ He also makes mention of the German version of Penn's Account of the Province of Pennsylvania of 1681, and that he had gathered together in one volume, prior to his * Sachse's "Letters from Germantown, 16S3-16S4." Translation, p. 5, Facsimile, p. i. 20 Curietise Nachricht von Pennsylvania. f)oc&uiigeineme DC oftiniufn Safidorum Vkis I. Deomnium Pontic ctim Statutfs II. De ConCiliorum Decifionibus V. DeEpifcoprs & Patriairchis ConftaH* dnopolitanis^ !. X^cn 2lUer pipfte (BifcQ-. ginfu^nil^J {•Ton ^cr Ccncilten Sti'itt^Sopivung* [., Uoi; Oei]eiv23tf(^6ffca unb Patmrc^en SU (ronftantinopd. gum (5)nmbe ©et !unfftfgl)tn noct)ferner bixrauf prssmittiret, FRANCISCUM DANIELEM PASTORIUN. J. IK L. @i:un5 angckgtcn /, unD nun mit gutcm Succefs aufeel)ent)en er OBcl! ^ ® eft S^legenv FRANCISCUM DANIELEM piasTORiaM. J. V. Lie; rnib gtieMJf '.iStilttm S0r6eDangel)eiic!ee jiii&tfiifge 110^' ©Avei&en an Dejjen ^enrit fatten! MELCHIOREM ADAMUM PASTORIUM, Unt^ anOecc gut e greunoe* 1 1 'm il III » I ■ ■ ■■ - ■ I . ■ !—.«««»—— TlTIvE PAGE OF PASTORIUS' GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. The Combined Accounts. 27 CONTIN£I4TIO sylva; AMERICiE. Rclationcs. 3n jtc^ baltent) : ©ie Situation , un& gnicfttbarfett Dfg ^luffe. :^ic 2(njal)t berei' bi^^ero oebauten ^tdbte. ^!C leltiame ereoftiren an 2(>iwn/©«Jg^$tt.DANIEL'FALCKNERS ^urgcr^ uni> ^ilgrim^ in Penfylvania i93. SgeaiUivortuiigcn u/f vorgeleatc f^ragcn von Jrancf furt unb fi-eipug / TITI^E PAGE OF PASTORIUS' "CONTINUATION" TOGETHER WITH THOMAS' AND FALCKNER'S "ACCOUNTS." 28 Ciirieitse Nachricht von Pennsylvania. del' Landschafft Pennsylvania (" Continuation of the description of the province of Pennsylvania "), to whicli was added a German translation of Gabriel Thomas'" Ac- count." This combination formed the most important early work on Pennsylvania published in the German language. It was these successive editions of Pastorius and Falck- ner's accounts that called the attention of the sturdy yeo- manry of the Fatherland to the advantages of Penn's col- ony, and started that great stream of emigration which at one time almost threatened to depopulate the Palatinate, brought thousands and thousands of Germans to our province and made Pennsylvania the great Commonwealth it is to-da}'. Stran_ge how little this work of Daniel Falckner was known to historians and writers on Pennsylvania histor}^ prior to the publication, by the Pennsylvania-German Soci- -ety, of the Narrative and Critical History, under the title : Pennsylvania: The German Tnjliience in its Settlement and Development. Its very existence was almost un- known, and still more that of its author, and is now for the first time fully brought to the notice of the public. How different is the case with the English version of Gabriel Thomas' "Account." The importance of the work has always been more or less recognized, essays have been written upon it ; quotations and extracts printed, and the work itself reprinted in both modern type and fac- simile so far back as 1848, and even at the time of writing a fac-simile copy, with annotations, is in course of publi- cation in one of our Western States. Yet the works of Pastorius and Falckner, which exer- cised a much greater effect in inducing the emigration of desirable settlers, have thus far, with a single exception, failed to find a champion to suggest a reprint or a fac-simile reproduction of these valuable works. CURIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. ©eograp^ifc^.'jlattjTifc^e S5 e f (^ r e i b u It 3 hit ^toi)irts u n 3m Mueiiig mit 9Inmerfuntjcii. 9Jl e m m t n g c n, I 7 9 2» FASTORIUS' BE5CHRE1BUNG. FflCSmiLE TITLE OF nENMINQEfi EDITION OP 1792. Rti HERETO- FORE UNKNOWN UERSION, POUND AFTER THE FREFflTORY CHAPTERS TO THE PRESENT WORK WERE WRITTEN. ORIGINAL IN COLLECTION CURIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA ^(fdirriliung son Itriuiftiltiaiurn. 92 a d; b i [ b ini g tifv in Srrtnlfuvt a.jTl. im ^jn^rc 1700 cvfdjietKiifii Driginal^5lu6gaIJe. CT ^erouSgegeben uom (Urcfelbfr herein fur iuilTeurd)aftlid)e l^ortragf. 3Wit ciner ©inleititng Don -S^:^- Stud con Aramet & SBaum. 1884. FASTORIUS" BE5CHREIBUNC. FRCSiniLE TITLE OF CREFELDER REPRINT OF iSS'i. ORIGINAL IN COLLECTION OF JULIUS F. SACHSE. A Pastor ins Refrint. 29 It is true that Pastorius and his works in America did find an able champion in our late lamented Dr. Oswald Seidensticker who, it may be said, was the first to properly introduce Francis Daniel Pastorius to the American public and tell his story of Germantown without, however, bring- ing about any reissue of his books. The only instance when any such attempt was made was that of the late Friedrich Kapp of Germany who, inspired by the accounts of the bi-centennial celebration, in different parts of the United States, October 6, 1883, of the landing of the Cre- felders in Pennsylvania, induced the Crcf cider Vcrcin filr Wisscnschaftliche Vortrdge in Germany to republish Pas- torius' '■'■ Bcschreibung''' of 1700. To this Kapp added an introduction, which was mostly a reprint of Seidensticker's Erste Detiischc Eiwivandcriing. The addition, however, was a small one and the book cheaply gotten up. It is now out of print and almost unknown. Far more important for furthering German emigration than either the works of Pastorius or Thomas, was Falck- ner's Curieuse JVachrichl, which gave more authentic infor- mation than any of his contemporaries as to the state of the province, the social and domestic affairs of the settlers, and the habits of the Indians, of which Governor Penn3-packer, in his "Settlement of Germantown," says : "I know of no other such graphic description." The combining of the three works in a single volume was a wise provision of the Frankfort Company and shows the acumen of the leading spirits of that organization. There were other books printed both in German and English during the same decade, advertising the province. A full list of these, together with fac-similes of title-pages and descriptions of each, can be found in my Father- 30 Ctwieuse Nachi'icht von Pennsylvania. land, in the seventh volume of the Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society. In the following pages the whole of the original manu- script of Daniel Falckner's Curieuse Nachricht will be given both in the original German and a translation, with annotations by the writer. Where the printed version differs from the original manuscript both versions will be given, thus enabling the reader to make his own compar- ison and deductions. CHAPTER V. Daniel Falckner. ^ANIEL FALCKNER, author of our Ciiriease JSfachricht, Citizen and Pil- grim in Pennsylvania, in Northern America, as he signs himself therein, was born November 25, 1666, was the second son of Rev. Daniel Falckner, the Lutheran pas- tor at Langen-Reinsdorf (for- merly known as Langen- Rhensdorf and Langeramsdorf),near Crimmitschau, parish of Zwickan, situated in that part of Saxony formerly known as the Markgravate of Meissen, and was a scion of an old Lutheran family. His ancestors on both sides had been ordained Lutheran ministers. His grandfather, Christian Falckner (died November 5, 1658), as well as his son, Daniel Falckner (died April 7, 1674), father of the subject of our sketch, were both pas- tors of Langen-Reinsdorf. Pastor Daniel Falckner, the 31 32 Ctiriensc JVachricht von Pennsylvania, elder, was a man well versed in many branches of learn- ing besides theology, as his library, an extensive one, contained works upon almost every branch of the arts, sciences, philosophy and history, besides the theological works of the day. This great collection was kept intact until the year 1704, when it was sold at auction. A printed catalogue of this library, which forms a book in itself, is ^X?lO/ still preserved in the great Stadt Bibliothek of Bremen, and was examined by the writer during the past summer. Thus it will be seen that the children of Dominie Falckner had exceptional facilities for obtaining knowl- edge at that early day. From data that have come down to us, we learn that the subject of our sketch, during his early life, was not of a robust nature, as he was a weak and sickly child from the time of his birth, a condition which changed but little until he came to Pennsylvania, where he himself credits the improvement in his physical condition to the out-door life and exercise in the New World. It will be further noted that in the very introduction to his Curictise JSTachricht he makes mention of his " bodily ailments." The connection of Daniel Falckner with the German Pietists dates from almost the very commencement of the movement which opposed the rigid and externalized ortho- doxy in the Lutheran churches in Germany during the close of the Seventeenth Century. From the correspondence between Spener and Francke, still preserved in the archives of the Halle Orphanage, it CURIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. ^$^~^. JAN. II, 1635; D. FEB. 5. 1705. Spener^s Tntej-cst in Pcnii's Colony. 33 appears that Daniel Falckner, the same as both Spener and Francke, was imbued at the very outset with a belief in the visions and supernatural powers of several ecstatic maidens, such as Rosamunda von Asseburg, Anna Maria Schuckart alias the Erfurth Prophetess and Magdalena Elrichs. Further that even Daniel Falckner himself at times went into a state of ecstasy seeing visions and making enraptured exhortations. A condition from which he was awakened by the austere Koster. This fact is commented upon by Spener in a letter to Francke, dated Berlin, May 6, 1693, some months before the Kelpius party sailed for Pennsyl- vania, wherein it says : " Thus has Henry Koster brought Herr Falckner so far that he now has no further ecstasis. He has also told how he came thereto, and how he himself could by intense imagination awaken divine matters. And that as he now intends differently and seeks a better path, he is more calm." It was not until nine months after this letter was vvritten by Spener that the long cherished plan of founding a colony of German Pietists in Pennsylvania was consum- mated, and the start was made by the party of religious enthusiasts from Germany to Pennsylvania by way of England. Many had been the difficulties in bringing this cherished object to a final stage of success. Even at the last moment, when all were ready to embark, Magister Zimmerman died. This, however, did not deter the party, who con- tinued the voyage under the leadership of Magisters Kelpius, Koster and Falckner. There is one important fact in our history that has thus far failed to attract proper attention. This is nothing more nor less than the interest the great Spener took in the success of the German settlement of Pennsylvania. From 34 Curieusc Nachricht von Pennsylvania. letters and memoranda which have come down to us it appears that Spener and Pastorius were in close touch during the early days of the latter's residence in German- town, and that Spener kept himself well informed as to the state of the Germans in Pennsylvania. That this inter- course ceased upon Pastorius' joining the Qviaker fold be- comes apparent from Spener's letter of August i, 1689, viz. : " I do not remember having heard anything of Herr Lie. Pastorius since I am here. But would be much pleased if one of his pamphlets should come to my notice.^ Such as take their refuge thither, I leave to their own opin- ions. I could not advise anyone to flee, before the Lord drives us out. Thus it appears that yonder place is as liable to come into danger, as any other. As it stands, the present English disturbances may also cause some changes there. "About Herr Penn it has already been reported for some time among his own people, that he is not by far what he formerly was. " My thoughts are to remain at all times where the Lord places us, and to remain there so long as he permits, and to go whenever he commands us to go. Upon such paths I am surely safe."" Magister Kelpius writes in his Diary that on Monday, the seventh day of January, 1694, He, being convinced by God, resolved upon going to America, his companions being Heinrich Bernhard Koster, Daniel Falckner, Daniel Lutke, ^ Pastorius' Latin missive to Modelius of December, 1688, is evidently indi- cated here ; so far as known this was not published until April, 1691. ^ Philipp Jacob Speners, D. Theologische Bedencken, und andere Brief- fliche Antworten auff geistliche, sondern zur erbaung gerichtete materien zu unterschiedenen zeiten aufJgesetzt, und auff canguirthriges anhalten Christ- liche freunde in einige ordnung gebracht und herausgegeben. Dritter Theil Halle, in Verlegung des Waysen-hauses, 1702. From copy in Ev. Luth. Semi- nary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. Magjstcr Kelp ins. OD '^J>'^ fnn*t^u ^i^;r '^ ^'^y ^ ^^^jf^^^ Atffttx ^'•*** »^r** <^^0 ;^4tK^rot*f. nCiVPn* h*>r-T^T»*t -VfiUfvi ^P'a.'^ ""••/ facsimile; of first page of magister kelpius' diary. ^6 Cur /e use JVachricht von Pennsylvania. Johan Seelig and Liidwig Biederman, together with about forty other companions, some of whom Kelpius says were numbered and others convinced by God, in Germany, and had in the preceding 3^ear resolved upon that voyage. He then states that on Wednesday, February 7, he engaged for them the ship Sara Maria Hofezuell, Captain John Tanner, for seven English pounds of silver, which was paid out on board one week later, the company having em- barked on Monday, February 12, but Kelpius did not join the Sara Maria at Gravesend until the 13th. It was upon the next day when the money was paid and the anchor raised, and the good ship, the Sara Maria, carrying a crew of thirty mariners and an armament of fourteen guns, com- menced on her voyage to America. The vicissitudes of the party, however, were many, the dangers of Goodwin Sands, storms in the channel, and visits of the press gang were happily passed. It was not, however, until Friday, April 15, when the English coast was lost to sight. There is but little mention of Daniel Falckner in this Diary except that on Friday, February 15, both Kelpius and Falckner's apprehensive minds presaged evils with a fortunate outcome. These proved to be, first, a visit of the press gang, and later the miraculous escape from destruction on the Goodwin Sands. When Falckner, filled with the spirit of God, poured forth fervent thanks- giving : "Praised be the name of the Lord forever! Amen ! Hallelujah !" Toward the close of the Diary on Sunday, June 17, Kelpius enters a memorandum : " The memorable excommunication of Falckner by Koster and that of Anna Maria Schuckart, the Prophetess of Erfurth." ClIRIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. FORTRftIT OF JOHANNES KELF1U5. BY CHRISTOPHER WITT IN 1705, BELIEUED TO BE THE EARLIEST fiMERlCAN FORTRBIT IN OIL. Scheme for Communal Settlement. 37 This entry in the Kelpius Diary has always been a conundrum to students of Pennsylvania-German history, and has led some to suppose that the woman was among the passengers on the ship. How Daniel Falckner came to Pennsylvania with this party headed by Magister Kelpius in 1694 and settled on the Wissahickon, has been fully told in my volume on the German Pietists in Provincial Pennsylvaftiay and need not be repeated here. Suffice it to say, as before stated, that late in 1698 or early in 1699 he was sent as an emissary from the Pietists on the Wissahickon to the Fatherland, to make known the true state and spiritual condition of the Germans who had emigrated to Pennsylvania ; and to set forth the labors of the Pietistical brethren among their countrymen in America, and solicit aid and additional re- cruits, so that the perfect number of forty could be kept intact, and at the same time could extend their usefulness in educating their neglected countrymen in Pennsylvania and Virginia.^ Another important scheme then under consideration was the emigration of the members of the Philadelphian Society in a body from England and the Continent to set- tle in Pennsylvania, and there found a colony or colonies where their peculiar teachings should be their only law. And it may easily be inferred that the plan fully outlined in his manuscript and touched upon in the printed version for a Communal Settlement in Pennsylvania upon a cash ' As a matter of fact there were German settlements in Virginia prior to the beginning of the XVIII. century, as both Koster and PetrusSchaffer journeyed there about the time when Daniel Falckner sailed for Europe. This interest- ing fact is proven by a manuscript report in the Halle archives from Rev. Pet. rus Schaffer to Rev. August Herman Francke. He also states that he sent a complete history of Virginia to Halle (1699) and requests that it be published. Thus far this interesting manuscript has not been found in the Halle'archives. J. F. S. 38 Curieuse Nachr icht von Pennsylvcuita. capital of 4000 Rix Dollars alludes to the above scheme, if it does not virtually give us some insight into the plan upon which the original settlement of Kelpius and his as- sociates on the Wissahickon was organized. It is unnecessary here to follow the course of emissary Falckner while upon his visit to the Fatherland : how he reported to Benjamin Furly the Rotterdam merchant, who did so much to promote German emigration, and was sub- sequently, together with his younger brother, Justus, made attorney in fact, for Furly's holdings in America ; or how the Frankfort Company dismissed Pastorius and substi- tuted Falckner, Kelpius and Jawart as attorneys to take charge of and protect their interests in Pennsylvania. All these facts are matters of history and have been fully told in previous publications. For our present purpose we shall confine ourselves to the chief result of his visit to Halle on the Saale, which was then the great center of German Pietism and religious thought, with Francke as its leader. CURIEUSE NACHRICHT VON PENNSYLVANIA. AUQUST HERMAN FRA/NCKE. B. LUBECK, MAR. IZ, 1663; D. HALLE. JUNE 8. 17Z7. CHAPTER VI. August Hermann Francke. H UGUST HER- MANN FRAN- CKE not only con- cerned himself with the evangelization or reli- gious condition of Ger- many, but of America and the East Indies as well. This is attested by the voluminous cor- respondence with Cot- ton Mather in New England ; Falckner in Pennsylvania ; Schaf- er in Virginia ; Bart- let in Rhode Island, and many others in various places, much of which is still preserved in the archives of the Glaucha Institution. Accordingly, when Daniel Falckner arrived in Halle, he was cordially received by the elder Francke, and in- stalled at the newly opened orphanage at Glaucha, then a 39 40 Curieuse Nachricht von Pennsylvania. suburb of Halle. The emissary from Pennsylvania was requested to render an account of his stewardship, the re- sults obtained by the Pietistical community on the Wissa- hickon, and finally as before stated to give accurate infor- mation of the affairs, both civil and religious, in far-off Pennsylvania, with special reference to such as might be- come inclined to transport themselves hither. For this purpose Francke presented the questions in writing to Falckner which were intended to cover the whole field. These interrogations and the answers by Daniel Falckner cover no less than one hundred and ninety-seven folio pages. It is these documents, to which attention is now called, together with the printed version, which proved so impor- tant a factor in guiding the great stream of German emi- gration to Penn's province on the Delaware. Daniel Falckner, although one of the prominent charac- ters during the second decade of Germantown's existence, little was known of his career to students and historians in this country, as a scholar, pietist, landagent, bailiff, attorney and pastor, until some ten or twelve years ago, when the present Governor of Pennsylvania was compiling the work known as The Pennsylvania Colonial cases. Wherein for the first time appeared in print Pastorius' biased account of his difficulties with John Henry Sprogel and incidentally with Daniel Falckner, thus bringing this Daniel Falckner. 41 learned pioneer and pietist into public notice after a lapse of two centuries. Unfortunately in this as in other manu- scripts, Pastorius places his successor in office as bailiff and attorney for the Frankfort Land Company in anything but a favorable light. Pastorius, himself says that this was written in 17 13 while he was confined to his bed with a serious illness. It will be noted that this account {exemplum sine exempio) was written from five to six years after Daniel Falckner had left the province and taken charge of several German Evangelical Lutheran Congre- gations on the Miihlstein and Raritan, in East New Jersey. Then again as this manuscript, which Pastorius evidently intended to print, was never made public by him as he may have been deterred by the fear of legal prosecu- tion ; the accused party had no means of making any defense against the secret defamation. Thus the matter remained hidden during all this lapse of years, and when finally brought to light in Pennypacker's Colonial cases, it pictured this German pietist and scholar, before the legal world, in anything but a favorable light, " as such a spendthrift and ever-drunk, ever-dry, that he made bone fires of the companies flax in the open street at German town, giving a bit of silver money to one lad for lighting his tobacco pipe, and a piece of eight to another for show- ing him a house in Philadelphia, which in his sober fits he knew as well as his own." Under this dark cloud the memory of Daniel Falckner was obscured until the writer in gathering material for the publication of his German Pietists and investigating the story of the German mystics, who settled on the banks of the romantic Wissahickon in the year 1694, found material which threw an entirely different light upon the life and character of Daniel Falckner, the writer of the Curieuse 42 Cttrieiise Nachricht von Pennsylvania. Nachricht von Pennsylvanien^ a work which proved one of the most effective means to induce German emigration to Pennsylvania. Further a careful perusal of the preface of Falckner's answers to Francke's interrogations as found among the manuscripts in the archives at Halle, and now for the first time reproduced and translated, will give the best insight into Daniel Falckner's moral and religious bent, while his answers to both manuscript and printed versions will show the careful student, observer and scientist. In fact, all of the documentary evidence we now have of this early pioneer goes to refute the slanders heaped upon him by the so-called founder of Germantown. Another point in favor of our claim for this German pietist is that notwithstanding the slanders and defamations heaped upon him by Pastorius, a large tract of land some distance above Germantown, peopled by German settlers, was at that very period named after this same defamed pioneer, and more than that, the church within this tract, of which he undoubtedly was the founder, the oldest Ger- man Lutheran congregation in America, even down to the present day, after the lapse of two hundred years is known as the Falckner Swamp Ev. Lutheran Church, a far greater monument to his honor and worth than any granite shaft or brazen tablet. In bringing this matter again before the public after the lapse of two centuries, the following course has been decided upon. As there is some difference between the original manuscript and the printed version, both versions will be used in the present edition. The published version of 1702 will be printed in heavy German type, any varia- tions or omissions from the original manuscript being in- serted in brackets and printed in Roman type. The Ger- Conclusion. 43 man version will appear upon the left hand pages, with my translation opposite, so far as possible upon corresponding lines. Variations as to numerical arrangement between manuscript and printed version are carefully noted, the whole being amplified by explanatory notes by the trans- lator. Thus the student, historian and investigator of the future can judge impartially and satisfy himself of both meaning and intent of the pious emissary who compiled this information, as well as the correctness of the trans- lation now presented, which in every case adheres to the original manuscript in preference to the printed version, with the chief aim in view of reproducing as nearly as pos- sible the meaning, phraseology and idiom of the original. It is a matter of congratulation that this reprint is issued under the auspices of the Pennsylvania-German Society, an organization composed exclusively of descendants of the early German emigrants who came to Pennsylvania during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Many of whose ancestors were led by this very book to forsake the Fatherland with its tyrannies and oppression, and come to the sylvan groves of Penn's Province, build up their homes and erect the altars of their faith and enjoy the per- sonal and religious liberty of the great Quaker experi- ment, and at the same time become powerful factors in the formation of the grand old Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania. ^^^d^^J^ i^ije^^U^_^ Phii.adei,phia, October 6, 1903, being the two hundred and twentieth anniversary of the landing of the Crefeldt pioneers. 44 Curieufe ^^ InnD nad) obigem IfanDe Anno 1700^ evtljeilcf/unDnun Anno iToainDcn^rucf gcjjcbcn worben» Von S5amel ^alfnecn/Profcflbrc, Surgennmb g)l(qrim aUDa. 45 The Seventy-three Original Questions, together WITH THE Twenty-two Additional Ones, Pro- pounded BY Rev. August Hermann Francke to Daniel Falckner Upon His Return from Pennsyl- vania TO Germany in the Year 1699 — as they Appear in the Halle Manuscript.^ (i) I. 2Bic iiic 0lctfc noc^ 5(mcnca onpftcttcn ? (2) II. 2Bic man fiii^ auf bcr 9lci[c ju tJcr^attctt? (3) III. SSic ttton fi(^ iiie Oleifc rcjl^t 3tt ttu^ ju ma^ctt ? (4) IV. Wit mott in f^cctc auf iicr Olcifc ^^ ju fcincm botl^akttlictt Stoeif in 5(mcrica xt^\fr(Bfa- rircn fiinnc? (5) V. SSofiir Wttn jii| auf tier ^cifc gu ptcn ? (6) VI. 23So^ ttuf iicm @j|iffc tocgen umpng wit ftcn @jl^ifflcutett in o^t ju nc^mcn ? (7) VII. SSti^tocfiCtt iicr ©li^iffi obcr ®ccs^rottf|cit in a^t 3U nel^men ? (8) VIII. SBic jungc ficutc, iiic cinmo^l ba^in foffcu ju bcton^tcm gtocrf, ouf allc SBcifc iittju ju frcefariren fe^tt ? (9) IX. SBa§ Jet) iict Stnfunft in ^ennf^tticttitt obcr S^ttQinictt JU observiren ? * The bracketed numerals refer to corresponding questions in the printed version. 46 The Seventy-three Original Questions, together WITH THE Twenty-two Additional Ones, Pro- pounded BY Rev. August Hermann Francke to Daniel Falckner Upon His Return from Pennsyl- vania to Germany in the Year 1699 — as they Appear in the Halle Manuscript.^ (i) I. How to contrive for a voyage to America. (2) II. How to conduct oneself upon the voyage. (3) III. How one may rightly turn the voyage to profit. (4) IV. How one may rightly prepare himself dur- ing the voyage for his intended purpose in America. (5) V. What one has to beware of on the voyage. (6) VI. What one has to be mindful of in his inter- course with the sailors and crew. (7) VII. What is to be observed concerning ship or seasickness. (8) VIII. How young persons, who intend going there for any specific purpose, are to be prop- erly prepared. (9) IX. What is to be observed upon the arrival in Pennsylvania or Virginia. ^ The bracketed numerals refer to corresponding questions in the printed version. 47 48 ^urieufe ^lad^tiii^t Un ^cnitftjlDania. (10) X. SBic mtttt fi^ fiitfiii^ttg unii unaitftij^ig gcgctt bie mani^erle^ 8ectcn bort t)er^a(ten foUe ? (11) XI. SBie man fi(^ tiort am kjten cinriti^tcn fiinne jur information, jur §on^s5(rkit, jur §on^^aItunQ, :c. (12) XII. ^a^'Qtv(Sh)mi'Q^tli\Ot%tn'bOttlUodscrvzrejiP (13) XIII. SBSic Hie fiuft Jiort SommcrS unJi JBSintcrS Us fj^ttjfcn? (14) XIV. !SBon Jjcr fertilitct iic§ SanJJc§. (15) XV. 2Bo§iio§Cttnlifiirtytit(i^tcnnii@ctotti^8 9icbct. (16) XVI. 2Sic fi^ H tilt ^nvopdcx, unti nuf toie untcrs [(^iciienc SBcifc fic fii^ ne^rcn? (17) XVII. 2>on iicn SSiliicn, i^rcn nntioncn, 5(n3o|I, @|irtt$cn. (18) XVIII. 23Sic mit i^ncn nmpQc^cn ? (19) XIX. SSa§ i(jrc Sngcniicn uniJ Saftcr fc^n? (20) XX. 2Bic fit too^ncn, unii toic tatii iiic §iittcn ton cinanticr ? (21) XXI. 23Sic fie fidj ne^ren? (22) XXII. SSie fie iien Xa^ juiringen, SWiinncr, SBeiier nnii tinier ? (23) XXIII. JBBie fie i|re tinier etjie^en ? (24) XXIV. SaBie fie fil^ t)Cr^et)tttt$cn, qidbtis ceremoniis, nnii 06 fit foly garni? (25) XXV. Cb fie aa§ gntc kto^nen, nnii iia8 biifc beftros fen, nnii loie? (27) XXVI. S$on i^rem Stegiment, ob fie eincn oiiet biet -tiinige ? uni) ob fie ifeinen anbcren SWagis ftrat? nnti iier ♦tiinig fcine Mhiistros, foniiern gan^ allein rcgiere ? (28) XXVII. saSorinncn iiie ^iinig U\i aniern nnterf(|ieiien fet|n, in ^(ei^ung, SBo^nung, aufferHdjer aiitoritdt etc ? Falckner's ^'•Ctirieiise Nachricht.'''' 49 (10) X. How to conduct oneself there circumspectly and inoffensively toward the divers sects. (11) XI. How best to establish oneself, and concern- ing information about domestic affairs and the household. (12) XII. What is to be observed regarding one's health. (13) XIII. How the climate is constituted there in sum- mer and winter. (14) XIV. Regarding the fertility of the country. (15) XV. Of the sorts of fruits and vegetables the country produces. (16) XVI. How the Europeans support themselves, and the various ways in which they earn their livelihood. (17) XVII. Of the savages, their nations, numbers and languages. (18) XVIII. How to establish intercourse with them. (19) XIX. What are their virtues and vices? (20) XX. How they live, and what distance their cabins are apart. (21) XXI. How they support themselves. (22) XXII. How men, women and children spend the day. (23) XXIII. How they rear their children. (24) XXIV. How do they marry, with what ceremonies, and whether they are polygamous. (25) XXV. Do they reward the good and punish the evil, and how? (27) XXVI. Of their government. Have they one or many kings ; have they any other mag- istrates, and the king any ministers, or do they rule absolutely alone? 50 ^uricufc 9ltt(^nii^t )ion ^cnn\\}{Mnh, (29) XXVIII. 2Bic iiencn 2Bi(iictt cinigc ^iinftc unii SBiffens (30) XXIX. 23Sic i^nen titoa cinigC frincifia generalia religionis kt| JU brtttflcn ? (31) XXX. Wit man i^ncn realitcr baS Tc^tf^offene SflJcfctt cittc§ 6|n|tctt Dor ^(ugcn ftcCcit Idnnc, iia^ i^nen tiaS :i^t(i^t in tiie $(ugen (cu(^tc, unii einigc ^^untfcn in intern ©cs miit^c ertocrfc ? (32) XXXI. 23Sic mott mc^nc iia§ iiic SBiliicn in Americam lommcn nnii jtonr bic untcrfj^iciicncn ««- t lone 3 ? (33) XXXII. SKic iicn SBiliicn bic 3^cntf^c obcr ^nglijii^c ®|ito(i^c bc^ ju firingcn ? (34) XXXIII. Cb ni(^t bc^ i^rcn -^inicrn fotd^cS ongc^c ? (35) XXXIV. Ob nirfjt fromme Scntfii^c liott \\xt ^inber mit lyreunlili^feit an fi(^ ^a(ten, uni) krges ftalt 3ur ®|ira^e anlciien fdnncn. (36) XXXV. llnl) ob i^ncn niri^t nnf fo((|e SBcifc gutc^m/- cipa timoris Dei bc^ 3U btingcn ; iiaronf noi^ fcrncr nai^ unti na(^ guteg ju erbauen ? (37) XXXVI. Cb nid^t auf iiicfc SBcifc iuri^ tiic ^inbcr ani^ iiic ^(tctn yx gctoinncn ? (38) XXXVII. Wit iiic SaSiliicn je^t i^rcn cultum ^nltcn, toag ftc nnbeten, ob unli mie fie o^ifcrn ? (39) XXXVIII. 2Bic fie bor^in gelebet, e|c Hie @uro|itter ^ins ein fttmcn ? (40) XXXIX. 2[Btt§ fie nnn toon ben ^nto^ittern?ongenomnien? (49) XL. ©b nid^t, toenn man fromme ©nt^mirfer ^ins einfri^irfte, bie @a(^qncllcn be^ ^^i(abc(: ^^ia m\ gro§em 3>ort^ei{ yx gebrauii^en, unb bnrd^ foliQe bann ba§ %vA,t bort befdrs bert merben fdnte ? Falckner's '■'■Curieuse JVachrtcht." 51 (28) XXVII. (29) XXVIII. (30) XXIX. (31) XXX. (32) XXXI. (33) XXXII. (34) XXXIII. (35) XXXIV. (36) XXXV. (37) XXXVI. (38) XXXVII. (39) XXXVIII. (40) XXXIX. Wherein the king differs from the others in dress, habitation, outward authority, etc. How to introduce some of the arts and sci- ences among the savages. How to introduce among them some of the general principles of religion. How one could properly place before them the true righteous nature of a Christian, so that the light would shine into their eyes, and divers sparks awaken their nature. How it is supposed that the savages came to America, and in particular the different nations. How to introduce the German or English tongue among the savages. Would such be possible with their children? Whether devout Germans there could not by friendliness attach their children unto them, and in such manner induce them to learn the language. Whether in this manner good ■principia timoris Dei might not be impressed upon them, whereupon to gradually build good results. Could we not in this manner reach the elders through the children? How the savages now keep their cult, what they worship, and as to their sacrificial rite. How they lived prior to the advent of the Europeans. What they have adopted from the Euro- peans. 52 ©uricufc 9lot^ri(^t bon JjJennf^Hiattia. (50) xLi. (©0 au$ mit frommc SBcrgsScutcn ? (51) XLii. %VM geogra^hische ©cfj^rcibung ^m Pe7i- sylvantay Virgmia Uttil anilCt nal^C gclcs gen iSanbern unti ^nfudt. (52) XLiii. 23Sic C§ wit &cr Correspondence in Amei'i- cam nnii toiclicr ^crauS jn l^altcn ? (53) xLiv. Cb nij^t offcr^onii ^anbtocrrfcr brinncn Wns nen fortlommen ober mediae fiirnel^mnd^ ? (54) xLv. Wit man gutc crbautii^c ©i^rifftcn ? I^indn 3tt bringen in Teutschery EngUscher, Schzvedischer^ Frmitzosischer S^tn^e^ Jic nationes fo in Pensylvania,, Virginia^ ?ieu- Engelland fe^n, iioiintl!^ iftttjftig Jtt crboncn ? (55) XLVI. SBie man 8cntc tCli^t fhiladelphischen ®ci; ftcS toon Schweden^ Engelldndern^ Deut- schen unti tion alien religionen, fo barinnen ftnb 3u fuii^en, )iie gur «^ortierung ticg 2Bcri!c8 iic§ ^crrn cinaniicr iiic §anii xt^i bictcn fiintcn? SBie alt die 9[&i(den toertien? C)b i^re SBeiber einanlier in tier @eburt| be^s jte^cn? SBie fie t^ mit den gan^ fteinen ^inbern fatten ? 2Ba8fiir ^(iiffebafe^n? SSie fie gebrau^et merben ? SaSie fie i^re i5if<|ftf^f« ^^U'X ? llnb i^re %^tx^, ? 2»o8 fur 3:$ierc ba fc^en, ga^meunb SBilbc? 2Ba8fiir ^oget? SBie man fti^ gegen bie S3aren nnb anbere milbe S^iere betua^re ? (56) XLVII. (57) XLVIII. (58) XLIX. (59) L. (60) LI. (61) LII. (62) LIII. (63) LIV. (64) LV. (65) LVI. Falckner's ^^Ctirteuse Nachricht ^ 53 (49) XL. (50) XLI (51) XLII (52) XLIII (53) XLIV (54) XLV, (55) XLVI. m XLVII. (57) XLVIII. (58) XLIX. (59) L (60) LI, (61) LII, (62) LIIL {^z) LIV. If pious salt workers were sent over to de- velop the saline springs near Philadel- phia, could they not be used with great profit, and through them further that which is good? How about pious miners? A geographical description of ',Pennsylva- nia and adjacent countries and islands. How about correspondence with America, and from thence outward? Whether all kinds of artisans cannot find subsistence there, and which in particular. How to introduce good devout literature in the English and French languages for an energetic edification of such nationalities as have settled in Pennsylvania, Virginia and New England. How to seek out persons imbued with a true Philadelphian spirit from among the Swedes, English and all religious per- suasions who are there, and would be willing to extend their hands to one an- other in the furtherance of the word of the Lord. To what age do the savages attain ? Do the women assist each other during par- turition ? How do they care for their infants? What rivers are there? How are they utilized? How is fishing followed? Concerning their hunting. What kinds of animals are there, both do- mestic and wild? 54 G^uricttfc 9lo(fjti(^t Uon $|Jcnttft)(iiattta. {66} Lvii. SBotttit iiic 2SiIiicn HK^cro fonticrUji^ Jjoii lien ^uro^eern Qctirgert, unti jum Xt^tii no(^ f^limmer gcmai^t tocrkn? LViil. 2Bic fo((^ 5lergcrni^ JU cmendircn ? (67) Lix. 2Sie won loutcr nu^tii^c ^iinftc unti SBiffcns jr^afftctt in 5(mcricttm 6ringcn fiinnc ? ^ic S3i)fen, unniit^cn unti unnbt^igcn meg taffcn. (68) Lx. sasic iittS Sanii ju fcincm rci^tcn ©cftroni^ nnii 9ln^cn ju Bringcn ? (69) Lxi. SScnn i^ri|t(i(^c Scntc ^inein mollen, iitc pobc an|fcrli(^c 5(rbcit nid^t ucrtiii^tcn fiinncn, mie man fie ju gckaui^cn miffe unti mie fte ji^ na^ren fiinncn, 06 Iiuti^ information oticr no(^ auf anticre ^eife ? (70) Lxii. 29Bcnn ncuc Colonkn ^incin fommcn, 06 fie fiii^ 3U iien alien f(i^(agen miiffen, otier 06 fie fetb^ eine nene ©taiit anri(|tcn fdnnen? (71) Lxiii. saSaS fiir l^orfi^foge jn einer folii^en neuen Colonie jn t^un fctjn ? (72) Lxiv. 2i6ie in specie c§ iiamit einjnriii^ten, iia§ iiie 9lar^fommen fii^ einer ^vAtM ©rtmnng in alien 8titifen miii^ten 3U erfrenen l^aben? (73) Lxv. %^ toag fitr ©riinnng liie S^ififn Colonien fte^en, mie fie tiom Magistral tegicrt mers tien, mie Iiem iiifen getue^ret, toie }ia§ gnte befiiriiert toirli ? (74) Lxvi. saSaS man gntcS unH re^tfi^affencg iiarnnter finiie? (75) Lxvii. SBie iiie ^tniite in gjenf^ltoonin alle ^ei^en, mie meit fte toon einaniiet gelegen, mie fte gelegen, m, toa§ tior i5l«lfc». toa§ fte fiir @emai^li(i^feit l^aben, mie tiiel ^aufer unti ©inttifl|ner? ©6 in einer jeiien Staiit Falckner's '■'■Cnrieiise Nachricht.^ 55 (64) (65) (66) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74) (75) LV, LVI, LVII, LVIIl, (67) LIX (68) LX, (69) LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. LXVII. What kinds of birds are there? How to protect oneself against bears and other wild beasts. Whereby the savages have thus far been irritated by the Europeans, and are partly made still worse. How such irritation may be amended. How to introduce purely advantageous arts and sciences into America, and eliminate the evil and useless ones. How to develop the country and bring about its proper uses and advantages. If Christian people want to come in, who could not perform the ordinary rough work, how could they be made useful, and sustain themselves? If through in- formation or otherwise. When new colonies come over, must they join one of the older ones, or must they build a new town for themselves ? What suggestions are to be made to such a new colony? How in particular to make arrangements, so that those who follow may enjoy good order in every way. Under what regulations do the present colo- nies stand, and how are they governed by the magistrates? How is evil com- bated, and the good encouraged? What is to be found amongst them, that is good and righteous? How are all the towns in Pennsylvania named, and how far are they apart, upon 56 ^ttdcufc 9ltt(i^ni^t tjon ^cnnftjltinnitt. (76) LXVIII (77) LXIX (78) LXX (79) LXXI (80) (81) UttfCtfd^iclint^C Secten oilcr 7'eligionen, oiict in cinigcr nur cine? SBo^in unti anf tnaS ^eife, unb toiomit iier §ttniict m ^cnf^ttJttnitt gctticfien toiri) ? 9(uf mag S^eifc man fii^ ticffen 3U eincm 3>drs lOcil in drnjcitcrnng iic§ Slcid^eS ©oltcS bciiicncn fiinne ? llnli toenn Jiaimrr^ icm 9ici^c ®otte8 cintgct Si^aticn gc)(^ic^et ob nii^t fo((^em auf cinigc SBcifc ju bcgcgncn ? 2Ba§ lion paj-ticulier Historien bcfannt ijit, fo fi(§ mit lien 2Si(iicn p gctragcn. ^^Cggleidjen Historien untcr l)cncn nationeti fclftft |o in Americam fommcn, fo cinigc gntc (^rinnernng oticr 9la(^ti(^t ctton an iiie |>onl» gckn fbntc ? Lxxii. SSog Uon i)cm ^ujitttnlic anbetct Sanger oiicr Insulen in America befant ift, inprimis quoad statimi religionis ChristiancB f liSic in Pcnnsylvatiia mit cinigcm (ia|»ittti cin Profi ju mttj^cn ? ' This question is lxxii in the original list of questions. No reply, how- ever, appears to have been made to it, as the next question (80) appears as LXXII. Falckner's '•^Curteuse Nachricht.'''' 57 what rivers and their conveniences, the number of houses and inhabitants, and if in every town there are divers sects and religions, or only one? (76) Lxviii. The commerce of Pennsylvania, whereto, in what manner, and wherein does it consist? (77) Lxix. In what manner could this be made to serve to the advantage and extension of the kingdom of God? (78) Lxx. Should anything arise thereby prejudicial to the kingdom of God, could it not be overcome in some manner? (79) Lxxi. What particular histories are known con- cerning the savages? Lxxii. Likewise traditions current among the set- tlers themselves who have come to Amer- ica, which would give some good remin- iscences or accounts thereof. (80) Lxxiii. What is known about the condition of the other countries and islands in America : Imprimis quoad stahim rcligionis Chris- tiancB ? (81) Lxxiv. How to make profit with capital in Penn- svlvania. ADDITAMENTUM Q^J^STIONUM. SBoran in %mtxUa Wlan^ti fe^ ? SBo^er man tin jjelieg not^nienliigeg ^ing Bes !ommen fan ? SBaS Hie ^uro^aer m^ ^ngcUanli unii ^oHanti bon ticrgkif^en ^ingen tiorne^mlii^ ntit 3U ne^men |aBen ? 23Bag man [onHcrUd^ au8 ^ollanti otict ^n^tU lanti jur SeibeS unti @efunti^eit ^flege mit 3U S^ijfe 3unc§men |abe? ©ct| iDcm man fid^ bc^ fcincr 5(nfunft in %mt: rica am erjiten p mtltitn ^abe ? Cb uur| cincm ^nxop'atx frc^ jtc^c, mit fcincm in $(merica ermorbenen @ute mieder nai^ fcincm Sclicbcn juriiif gn fc^rcn ? $(n maS fitr ^antimcrfStcutcn eg Hafelbfit am mciftcn fc^te ? (89) Lxxx. SBic e§ bie SSitiicn bc^ iicm 23egrobni§ i|rer XoUtn fatten? (90) Lxxxi. Ob bcr (^iiifii^ttittr bc^ i|ncn SBroui^lir^, toie fo((!^cg 6e)(*^c(je unl) be^ mem |te fri^tnoren ? (91) Lxxxii. Cb Hie SSitiicn ben fiebeniien 2aft ^ciligen unii toie fie folri^cn fctjern? (92) Lxxxiii. Cb bci Jicn SSitJien nii^t einigeS S5er(angen nai^ iiem toa^ren ^rfonntni^ (Boiit^ ]n fins tien toenn biejenigen fo i^te S^rai^e tiers fte^cn, mit i^ncn teiien ? (93) Lxxxiv. 2[6a§ bie 2Si(iien bon iier 5(ufer|te|nng tttx %otUn ^a(tcn unti g(auben ? 58 (82) LXXIII. (83) LXXIV. (84) LXXV. (85) LXXVI. (86) LXXVII. (87) LXXVIII. (88) LXXIX. ADDITAMENTUM QXJ^STIONUM. (82) Lxxiii. Whereof is there a deficiency in America? (83) Lxxiv. Where are all necessary things to be ob- tained? (84) Lxxv. What the Europeans have chiefly to bring with them from England and Holland. (85) Lxxvi. What should be taken on shipboard from Holland for the special benefit of the body and health. (86) Lxxvii. To whom must one report firstly upon his arrival in America? (87) Lxxviii. Is a European at liberty to return at his pleasure, with such property as he has acquired in America? (88) Lxxix. What manner of handicraftsmen are mostly wanting? (89) Lxxx. How do the savages act at the burial of their dead? (90) Lxxxi. Is an oath customary amongst them, and how is it administered, and by whom ? (91) Lxxxii. Whether the savages sanctify the seventh day, and how they observe it. (92) Lxxxiii. Whether there is evident among the sav- ages some longing after a true knowl- edge of God, when such as speak their language talk with them. (93) Lxxxiv. What the savages hold and believe of a resurrection of the dead. 59 6o ^uneufe 9laii^nii^t tion ^cnnf^(Danta. (94) LXXXIV. (95) LXXXVI. (96) LXXXVI I. (97) LXXXVIII. (98) LXXXIX. (99) (100) (lOl) (102) (103) XC. XCI. XCII. XCIII. XCIV. 2Bo§ liic roUtitn 8eutc fiirOcUic^r fii^rcn? Cb nir|t cintgc PhHoso^hi oiicr gctc^rtc Seutc utttcr iicn 2Bi(iien, toorinii fie |til^ itdcn unt) ob jie aui^ Iicn Qauf beg ^iinmelS obferbiren ? £)6 bie S[3i(}ien aui^ eintge aufferor&entUile 3ei(i^ett obferuiten unb erfennen ? Cb nii^t unter i^nen our^ einige motus obet !©ett)epnQett ju f|)uren ? Cb nii^t unter benen Seeteit auii^ eintge unge: mo^nnd^e bemegungen unb Dorbat^en iiet l^etanna^eniiett O^erit^te C^otteS ju f^iiren ? iJCie |i(^ iiie fogenannten ©cifitlii^ett nnter iien wan^erfe^ ®ectcn in 5(meriett aup^ren und fonio|( unter fti^ [elbjt, a(3 gegen antiere co7nportircn f 2!Bo8 bor ^offnung fe^, i)o§ bie montfjertel) ©ecten in eing jufomnien treten mbr^ten ? ^urri^ nitt§ fitr 9Jiittc( man bie ^\{^u\ am nteijten an fi(^ jie^e ober moburi^ fie Wi meiften abgemenbet Uierben. 2Ba8 bie liBilben fiir 9la^men fii^ren ? ^enn fie ifjren Minbern 9U§nien geben ? Falckner's '■'■Curieuse IVachricht." 6i (94) Lxxxv. What sort of arms the savages carry? (95) Lxxxvi. Whether there be not some philosophers or learned men amongst the savages ; what they practice and whether they observe the course of the heavens ? (96) Lxxxvii. Do the savages also observe any extraordi- nary phenomena and understand them ? (97)lxxxviii. Do not some among them perceive any motus or agitation? (98) Lxxxix. If there be not some unusual manifestation perceived among the sects of the har- binger of the approaching millennium ? (99) xc. How the so-called ecclesiastics among the manifold sects in America conduct them- selves toward each other, and how they comport themselves toward others. (100) xci. What hope is there that the divers sects may come together as one? (loi) xcii. By what means can the savages best be drawn toward us, and whereby are they mostly repelled? (102) xciii. What manner of names the savages have? (103) xciv. When do they name their children? 62 ^urieufe 9lai^rtt^t tion ^ennf^ttiania. Nine Questions in the printed Version which do NOT APPEAR in THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT PRESERVED IN THE Halle Archives. (25) ^an tier SBtltien ti^re 8|irai!§c unb umBgang ? (41) ^m iicn aaSiliictt i^rcn (iurcn unli ^ronifs l^eitctt ? (42) S3Bc8 bie SaSiliicn fiit trieg fii^ren ? (43) ISott icr 2Bi(iictt i^rcr cigent(i(i^ett ^au^s ^alten ? (44) ^m bcr 2Bi(bctt i^rem ^ou§rot|c. (45) S^Ott bcnctt 2$tcren, fo in Pensylvania 3tt befintien. (46) SBttg flibt c8 bttttn fitr SBoffct 2^icre ? (47) !^a§ gibt eg bann fitr 8i^abli(^e Sper tm SBttffer? (48) SlBaS jte^et man bann auf benen Staffers plfen fiir 2pere fi^Jniinwett ? [From Halle Manuscript.] SKte in Pennsylvania wit etntgem Stt^ttot eitt Pr^/ Jtt maiden ? S^fttt bcrjcittgcn SBa^rcn, fo in Pensyhamen ttttgenc^w fittb. ^^H] ^. f^alifner fetnem Se^alt aufgejeiilnet. Falckner's ^^Oirieuse Nachrickt" 63 Nine Questions in the printed Version which do NOT APPEAR in THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT PRESERVED IN THE Halle Archives. (25) Of the savages their speech and inter- course. (41) Concerning the diseases and cures of the savages. (42) The warfare of the savages. (43) Of the domestic life of the savages. (44) Of the savage's household utensils. (45) Of the animals to be found in Pennsyl- vania. (46) What kind of aquatic animals are there? (47) What kind of dangerous animals are in the waters there? (48) What animals are to be seen swimming upon the water courses? [From Halle Manuscript.] How to make profit with capital in Pennsylvania. List of articles, which in the opinion of Herr Falckner would prove acceptable in Pennsylvania. PR/EMONITIO. [Preface to the Original Manuscript in the Archive at Halle.] ^a§ if^ btcfc i^ragctt ni^t sufficient kanttDorteit ifcn, ifi Wt Scit, Sic 9)lcngc wcincr SKcrnji^tuttQCtt unii bic llngctooi^n^cit pd^ in tiuffcrcu auf [o mani^crtc^ 5(rt auSjukcitcn ft^utii, iiorju fomtttt, iia§ i(^ mi(^ iicr llu^ttpii^fcit weincg Scibcg Raider attcr ^ingc mit eini [o ui(^t crinnmt fan, toel(^e id^ iiai^ etnjeln ^in uut) usicSer aug{}c)aget. (iinige Sadden finti, tiarumli i(^ miii^ iicfclbctt accural ju ttiiffcn, auii^ in 5(mcrico nitfjt bcfummcrt, iic§iijcgen td^ liicfclBcn \s\\ auf tocitcrcn ©cfr^cii) tocrf^arcn xm\ iicnu id^ teoUtc nic^t gcrnc cttoa§ ungctoiffcS fdjrcibcii. ^njUJis fi|ctt toitii fi(^ 9licmottJi an mcincr Sd^rciBart fcfjrcn, tocltfje 5///0 5rc?J/ ca/^;'5 ifit ; foniicrn att§ tJtclcn tJaSjcntgc ertocpcn, toa§ t^m anftc^ct, gnug iia§ ii^ tn affcn unb kt) aftcn iicn gcneigs ten fiefcr iicrfidjcrn fan, iia^ id^ hjci§ an men idfj gtouk unti aud§ gcUJi^ Hn, titt^ terfctkgc .^§rt mir nicinc JBcKagc knialjrcn im, jo totff, M§ an jcncn Sage ; iicStocgcn idft audfj gvo^c f^rcuiiigfcit 8c6rau!^c, ben SoJit unti alien ^Bcriierkn ttoi^ jn Met^cn, toeil td§ gernc [0 fii^ne auf Hen ^et§ ntctnc§ Cecils fein tooUe, at§ immer ein 9Jlenfd^ auf feine unukrtointi(i(^e lyeftung. ^§ ift mir ©ottlob Gclungen, unii idfj fcfje tio^ e§ an&ercn aud^ geUnfict, (64) PRyEMONlTIO. [Preface to the Original Manuscript in the Archive at Halle.] The reasons why I cannot answer these questions satis- factorily, is because of a lack of time, and the number of my engagements, together with being unaccustomed to express myself publicly upon so many subjects. And on account of my physical infirmities I fail to remember some of the things of which I have now and then spoken upon other occasions. Then there are some things concerning which I have not troubled myself to learn about in America. These I must hold in reserve until I shall have further information, as I do not wish willingly to write about any- thing that I am not quite sure of. In the meantime let no one find fault with the style of my composition which is siilo scculi expcrs. but let him select from the abundance thereof that which pleases him. It is enough, that I can assure the kindly disposed reader, that in all and by all, I know in whom I have believed, and am persuaded, that the same Lord can secure my] consummation, yea will, even unto that day : for which reason I also take great pleasure in hurling defiance at death and all corruption. In as much as I would place myself as boldly upon the rock of (65) 66 (^\xm\i\t 9ladjri(f)t tion ^cnnftjlDnnto. titc cittcrlct) l^opuitg mit mix fmii. §alIe(uiol^. 'i^txntx toic i^ in cinfttltigcr liek ju ntcincn 25atcrCanii unli ficfontcn iiurii^ ^attcS UiiQcu toieiierQefcltct bin, a(3 §ak \^ au(^ kt) mcinet 9tei)c 6i§§cro ni(^f§ auiicrcg kobaj^tct, a(g iiag kt Scib (^^rifti crkttct tocriictt mogtc. S^^ labc 3«w JDcnigjtcn V\t fiick jum lyriciicii gcrttt^cn, tt)tt§ fc^too^ ift Qcjtarfct, Vxt JUiiiiictt crmuns tctt, licit 25orUiil? gcjitrttfct, unii vxx^ mit iJcncn in ^offnung (eknticn gcfreuct, und gc^e nun geftarifet, micUio^l bcr |tnn(ii^en ^nt^fintiung nor^ foft miiiic, toickt fjin, 06 @ott totff Germamam in America ju fe^en unii mic^ tiafe(6[t 3U kjcugcn, mie e§ ntein ^bnig iicr .tonigc toon mir crfor&crt, iinrju it^ mii^ l)cm ©cbcljt unii iicr Sick allcr toa^rcn glickr lie§ Scikg ^cfu cm^fo§(cn l^akn mitt. ^1^ ^ratefitirc aBcr ^icrntit noi^ mafjlS i|ti|it(if^, Qtciji^ toic i^ im[fc(6c naii^ crforiicrfcr ©cfcgcn^cit miinli(i(^ gct^an, iiu^ ii^ nit^t miendirei, jcmunii iiurtf) nicin fommcn oiicr mcQgc^cn obct 9lciicn jur ISBcrfur^ung okr Scf^tocrung ju fct)n, tiicltticnigcr jcmouku ^inauS in kc SBiiftcn 3U fii^rcn. @§ qc^c cin jcgtirfjcr ju ^fjrifto, iicffcn kc ganl^c @rl)c ift unJ) i^rc (^iittc unti (erne uon ^^m, nio§ cr t^un folte, fo im tx nu^ iiog ©tiis rci(^ kftk». ^0^ ^a6c iii^ ticm tickn Xcutfi^tanti ^vl uni) miciicr ctmnS attc3 aufS ncuc gcfaget unti [age c3 altcn mit iSut^cti Shorten not^ cinma^, mettle ju finticn in tier S^erma^ns ung ttu iiic ©take in 2^cnt)(i^(ttnii ; Sickn ^cntfr^cn — imHoit \%x miffcn, ©ottcS 2Sort unti @naiic ift cin ^o^rcnkr Jpia^rcgcn, Jicr niji^t toiciicr fommt, mo cr cinma^t gcmcfcn, cr ift k^ kn ;Suticn gcmcfcn, a6cr |in ift l^in, ftc ^akn nun nii^tg, ^autuS kttji^tc i^n in ©ricc^cnfanii, abcr i^in ift oud^ ^in, fie l^abcn nun lien ^obft unii i^r S^cutfrfjc iiiirft nid^t knfen, iio§ i^r i^n emig ^aben merkt, iienn iier uniianf unii l^croi^tung mirii il^n cu^ nirfjt etoig laffen keikn. ^arumb greifft 3tt unii ^altct, mer Falckner's ^'■Curieuse JVachrichi." 67 my salvation, as ever a man stood upon an impregnable fortress. Thank God ! I have succeeded, and that others having the same hope will likewise succeed. Hallelujah. Further as I in artless simplicity have by God's will returned to my fatherland and acquaintances will say that during my journey thus far, I have observed nought but how the body of Christ is being built up. I have at least always counselled in the interest of charity and Peace, strengthened that which was weak, encouraged the weary, corrected the froward and rejoiced with those living in hope, and now I go quickened in spirit, though in a bodily sense almost weary, to return, if it please God, to see again Germanian in America, and testify there as my King of Kings demands of me. For which I will have to commend myself to the love and prayers of all true members of the body of Christ. I, however, again offer here a Christian protest, just as I have done verbally upon previous occa- sions, that it is not intended, that I should prove a tempta- tion or burden to any one, that my coming, going and what I say should induce anyone to go out into the wilderness : Let every one go unto Christ, to whom belongs the whole earth, and the fullness thereof, and learn from Him, what to do, then he too shall possess the earth. Yet I have here and there told anew to dear old Germany, things that were old, and now proclaim to all, once again in Luther's words, which are to be found in his " Admonition to the cities of Germany": Beloved Germans, this you ought to know, that, God's word and grace is like unto a sudden driving thunder storm, which does not again return to where it once was. It was thus with the Jews, but what is gone is gone and now they have nothing. Paul brought it into Greece, but there what is gone is gone, and they now have the Pope, and you Germans, must not think that you will 68 ^uricufc 9lc(i^tiii^t Un ^cniif^lDttttia. |o(tfn fon, fauk ^tiniic muffcn tin biifcl ^af)v |okn, item uhtt iicn 123 ^falm. Sc^t toirii @ottc§ SSort iict SBcIt l^tiufig unii mli SJlcngc bors getragen^ man )ite}iiget c§ in ben ^irii^en, man finbet eg in ^tntn Sii^ern, man |ifeifft§ un§, man fmQtg un8, man ma|Iet eg an bie SBanbe, aUv mag 6e)(!|i(^t ^(t meijte ^^ei( ai^tet eg nit^t, nnb bie i^itrften unb ^onige tierfotgen eg aufg iammerlii^fte^ fd^eltcn unb berniil^ten eg. Sapenti satis. @g \a\ bie ^(age feib bet 9ieformation immer gema^ret, mie ba^ bag ebangeUf^e §ttuflein in 5tnfe|nng beg ^afigtf^umg unb bet llaglaubigen ein fo menigeg bon bem ^tbboben inne l^at a^tx toag ift bie ©ji^nlbt iiet l^mXt jagt (Salomon, ftitkt iibet ^tm mi'tnf^en, injmifi^en l^at bag ^abfiit^nm ^anb angeleget, unb §at benfetben niema^Ig an 5(utotitat unb §ii(fc i^tct Obeten, an 9)litteln unb SWenfji^en gcfe^Iet, i^te (el^te in affet SSelt augjus bteiten, au(i§ untet bielen 3Jtiibfaa(en unb leiben ; gotten fie nun bie (autete SBa^t^eit bot ftd^ fo "^ixt \\i @ifet te^t gottUii^ ju l^ei^en, boi^ befd^amen fie ung in unfetet ^toteftantifi^ ebangelis fji^cn ^it(!^e, batinnen toit gat nii^tg t^aten, mo toit ni(§t miiffen. £) toie fanft l^aben unfete §etten bi^eto auf ben Stiften ges tul^et, bie bag ^abfttl^um meiftent^eitg bot fie geftiftet, unb '^xt Seute, bie @ott be^ "^tx ^efotmntion gegeben ftii^jeitig im Sii^mei^tuii^ betgtcben. ^al^et mitb fie @ott an^ miebet bon i^ten ftt(f(i^en 9ln^esSagetn oupteiben, ^nma^ '^tx 9Wenf(i^en im Hngtanben biet geUiotben unb einanbet ttuifen ob fii^on ^tiege unb ^(agen fti^t, toag eg !ann unb finbet, meli^eg ^tx feelige fiut^etug fji^on gefiit^tet, ba et untet anbetn in 1^if(^teben fol. 598 fagt: „^^ fiitJ^te ^eutfd^knb fe^ bettat^en unb betfauft, eg mitb etf(i|o^ft be^be bon ©e(b unb Seuten unb gat auggefogen. ^i(ft ung @ott nir^t fo finb toit bettoten. ^g fan fo niii^t b(ei= ben, mie eg nun ift, unb ba^ eg bot bag etfte beffet metben foil. Falckner^s ''■Curieuse IVachrtcht." 69 have it forever/ for your ingratitude and contempt will not permit it to remain. Therefore grasp and hold whosoever can, idle hands must have a bad year, likewise see Psalm CXXIII.2 At the present time God's word is frequently and abundantly preached to the world, it is proclaimed in the churches, it is found in books, it is piped to us ; it is sung to us ; it is painted upon the walls. Yet what hap- pens? The majority pay no heed to it, and the kings and nobles persecute it most deplorably, revile and destroy it. Sapientt satis. Since the Reformation the complaint has steadily pre- vailed, that the little envangelical flock possess so little of this earth, in comparison with the Papacy and unbelievers. Now what is the reason? The sluggard says Solomon, dieth over his own wishes.^ Meanwhile the Papacy has fastened its hand, and the authority of the superiors, and their assistance with men and means, is never wanting to spread their doctrine throughout the world, even under the greatest tribulations and suffering. Had they but the pure truth before them, then their zeal might be called truly godly. Yet they shame us in our Protestant Evangelical churches, in so far that we do nought but what we are forced to do. Oh ! how placid our clergy have thus far rested in the beneficent institutions, which the Papacy had mostly founded before them, and the treasures which God gave them at the time of the Reformation were prematurely buried in the napkin. Therefore the Lord will again arouse them from their false resting place, more especially as mankind has increased so greatly in infidelity and crowd one another, although war and pestilence destroys what it can find and reach. All of which the sainted Luther already feared, when he said among other things in his 70 ©ttdcttfc 9lttr|nt^t toon ^cnnf^ltoonia. fc!^e i^ niii^t. ^enit c§ fommt tin aniicr ^iinig un& cine aniictc ;3nt iic ttici§ toon ^o)cp^ iiic^tS/' Sarum tocriictt nai| 2!ttttic(i§ 5(u§fttgc in iicn k^tcn ^citen bide Qclttutcrt unli gcreinigt tocrkn. ^ic ©ottlofcn ahtt toets iicn c8 ntri^t oii^tcn. ^ag fiinftigc §Icnii toirii bide gc^cu ^cifs fen nnii jnr Olcifc H unii iiort^in frcefarircn, iiic fn^ eS border nt^t eingeMtbet. %^ m^it b)un|(!^en ju miffen, toag bte(e toon Jien 5pfa((^ern getoari^tcn, bie o([o nntocrfe^cnS "^m i^rcr «^ok nnb ^Ittifir entriffen, ^Xi nnferen %%ViXi\\ iitt§ Srot ktteln, bc^ iicrcr Slnf^ttuung 2etttfii§Ionto iiie ©iite au^ Ucn (irnjit @otte§ erfcnncn wb(^te. ^0^ e§ ^ct^t : ^?^a//5 rf.v, talis grcx, iiic e^wtftcn ttooQen iio^ gerne iSanb l^akn, unto fnii^en alle ftatifi^en C^riffe unto frcBtetisionen toe§^a(6en i^ierfiir, too(^ toollcn fie toic)c(ben am Itetojiten, mo gro^e ^efitungen ftnto, mo Wilder unto @o(to \^, mo St)ro unto ®ttoan auf gro^en 8i^iffen aug unto ein fi't^ret, toa| unto mie aBer @otte§ '$&QXt (aufen miige, unto mie man toen C'^elitoen mii^ @e(egen§cit gek, toen 9lal^men toe§ §errn ju crfennen (mcls r^eS affcin ein rej^t ^iiniglid^ 2Setrf i|it) befiimmert fir^ niemanto toarum, jn 6^riftu§ fetbft mu^ fi(^ in i^ren eigenen ©tcnl^en ja nii^t 3U breit maii^en, [o bleiben toenn aui^ toie ^emeinen, tote i|r guts feineS 5(ugitommen famt toem 5(n[e|en nwls auffetHt^eS renomc im ^^rifitent^um ^aben, im Santoe, unto ne^ren fit^, mie fie fagen Ktolij^ : mo bicibt tocr 5(rme, mefdjet toon toer 8(|intocrei) erreltet mertoen foil? 2)o«1^ ift toer §ett toe§ 5(rmcn ®^ul?. 2;arumb fiiri^te iii^ abetma^t unto befr^reibe mit Sut^eri 2Bortcn, ma§ ein mit unjc^Iigen SBo^rt^aten toon @ott begnatoigtcS tooi^ untoanrfs bafjreg SBofrf fii^ entotiil^ p toerfe^en ^at. ,,@ctoenfet tooi^ mie toiet ©liter eu^ euer @ott umfonft gegeben unto mi:^ togtidj giebt, nembl. fieib unto Seel, §au§ unto §of, 23Beib unto tinto, toar^u me(tlii^en J^rietoen, 2)ienft unto SBraui^ affer ^reaturen im ^ims met unto ouf ©rtoen iiber toag alfe§ aui| tooS^^toangetium unto Falckner's '■'■Ctirieusc Nachricht" 71 Tabletalk (folio 598): "I fear that Germany is betrayed and sold, it is being drained of both money and people and indeed impoverished. Unless the Lord help us we are lost. It cannot continue thus, as it is now, but I do not perceive that it will better itself in the near future. For there comes another King and another time, that knows nought of Joseph." Therefore according unto Daniel's testimony in these later times " Many shall be purified, and made white and tried ; but none of the wicked shall understand."^ The coming misery will cause many to go, and prepare for a journey to this place and that, who have not previously contemplated it. I would like to know just what many of the Palatines think, who so unexpectedly had their possessions and pleasures wrested from them, and now beg for bread at our doors. By the contemplation of which, Germany may comprehend the goodness as well as the sternness of God. Though it is said ^lalis Rex — talis grex (Like Lord, like herd). The princes seek to gain more territory, and seek by all statistical tricks and pretentions to acquire it. They have a preference for such as have large fortifications, where silver and gold abound, where great ships sail to and from Tyre and Sidon. But for God's holy word and how to afford the heathen an oppor- tunity to learn the name of the Lord (which alone is a right royal work) no one has any concern — yea even the Lord Jesus himself must not be too much in evidence within their borders. Thus, there remain the congregations of the land who enjoy their good competency together with the respectability and outward reputation of Christianity, and support themselves as they say honestly. But what becomes of the poor who are to be saved from oppression? However, of these the Lord is the protector. Therefore I am again apprehensive and will set forth in Luther's words 72 (^utieufc 9ladjri>|t ton ^cnnftjltjania. ^rcJ)i9t;5(mBt, Saufc unii Sacrament unli iicn gan^cn S(^tt^ feineg So^neS unit fetneg @et|te3 nti^t aUein ot^nt tiein S^erHenft^ fonkrn au^ o|nc ticinc Soften uiti) S^lii^c, ahtx iiu toiUft ni(]^t citt 2ro))|l(citt ^anfc§ crjcigcit, fonUcrn ^ottcg 9it\^ unii iict ®ec(cn §ci( (offcn untcrgc^cn uiiii ^clfcn fto^cn. 8o(tc @ott l^icriibcr ni^t jornig tocriicn, foltc ntc^t t^curc ^cii fommcn, folt nii^t 5pcfii(enl^, <®(^li)ei§, ^ron^ojctt nnii anbcrc ^(agcit un§ finiicn, foltctt nid^t uctMcniictc Seutc, toilJic toiijitc S^^tcnncn regie: ren, folt ni^t ^rtcg unii §ttiier entftelen, jolt nti!^t ein bofe§ Oiegiment in teutfr^en Saniien tneriien, [often nirfjt ^iirifen unii 3^artaren un§ ^iliiniiern ; ^a, e§ totire nir^t Uiuniier, iJa^ @ott k^iic 2^iir unii ^enfter in iicr §oIIe auft^otc unii tie^e unter un8 tauter 2eufct f^neien unii fi^Iarfen unii lie§ lion C^imntet repen 8i^Uiefe(unii pltifilj ^yeuer unii terfenfte un3 aHefamt in *s{((igrunii iier pollen toie Soiioma unii OJoniorra ; ^enn ^otte Soiioma unii ©omorra fo tiiet getjabt fo tiiet gei^ort oiier gefe^en, fie ftitniien no(| l^eutigen ^ageS. ^enn fte finii iiaS 3e|eniie S^eit niii^t fo biife geuiefen a(g j|ei^o ^eutfdjfanii ift. 2)cnn fie ^akn (^oiUS SJort unii ^reiiigs^tmBt nlH^i ge^afit fo ^a6en toiir e§ umBfonft unit fteHen ung, aU iiie iia tooltten, iia^ bcljiie (^oii fein 2Sort, affe ^uf^t uuii 0*^re unterginge. 2Bann eg fo foil in 2eutf(i^(anii gc^en, fo ift mir§ Setjii, iia§ i^ tin XcnU fi^er gebo^ren Mn, oiier je teutf(^ gereiiet oiier gefi^riekn l^ok, unii too i!^ eS fiir utein ©etoiffcn t^un Jiinte, tootte i(^ toiciier iiaju ratten unii tjetfeu, iia^ iier ^afift mtt alien feincn ©reucin toieiier iiber un§ fomnien mii§te unii orger trurfen, fii^aniien unii Deriierben, iienn je juiior gefj^e^en ete. in iier ^reiiigt ton iier ,tiniiersSii^u(. Snjtoift^en UtiU k^ einem ret^ten S3iirger Seruftt(ent§ rcifen unii ju §aufe keikn einc rcfolution unii toirii fi(^ niemanii an iiem narrifd^en 5(kcfjom argern, toer iiiefeg hers fte^et, iia§ er nirgeniiS likiftcn fiintc in iien 2^agen kr grentid^en Falckner's '■'•Ctirieuse Nachricht.''^ 73 what a people eventually have to perform, who having received numberless blessings and pardon from God, and are yet ungrateful. " Pray remember how many blessings your Lord hath bestowed unto you for nought and still gives you daily, namely : Your body and soul, your home and grounds ; your wife and child ; together with the uni- versal peace, the service and use of all creatures in the air and upon the earth, but above all the Gospels and minis- try. Baptism and the Lord's Supper, and all the treasures of his Son and Spirit, not only without any merit on your part, but even without cost or labor upon your part, yet you will not render a modicum of thanks, but let God's realm and your soul's salvation be wrecked and never help to prosecute it. And ought not the Lord become angry with you? Ought not a time of dearth and famine to come unto you, ought not pestilence, sweating sickness ^ the French and other plagues overtake you ? Ought not deluded men, wild dissolute tyrants rule over us? Ought not war and strife arise, should not an evil government come about in the German States, and the Turks and Tartars plunder us? Yea it were no wonder, if God were to open both doors and the windows of Hell, and let loose among us nothing but devils and rain upon us from heaven brimstone and hell fire, and cast us all down into the very bottomless pit of hell, as He did Sodom and Gomorra. For had Sodom and Gomorra possessed, heard and seen as much, they would be still standing at the present day. For they were not one-tenth as wicked as Germany is at present, they had neither God's Holy Word nor the ministry, we have it gratuitously, but place ourselves, among such as would, that the Lord, his word, discipline and honor perish. If this is to be the rule in Germany, I shall regret that I am born a German, or ever spoke or wrote German, and if 74 ^uncttfc 9ltt^n(^t tion ^cnnft)Ibttnto. ©(ittbl^cit SfrocItS. ^§ tocriic nutt ^icr unii iia in Ucr ^tU, tolt c§ i^icv uttii iiort ift, fo toirU c§ ^kv i)0(i§ no(§ fd^Iimmcr fc^n, tottitn c§ iiort getooriicn ift, tote c§ ^icr toar. ^ic SSelt triifitct fiil^ jtottt unii i^rc ^inlicr, fogcnii : ©, eg ift affc ^ftt fa biifc gooefen^ eS toar ))ot tiiefem an(^ fo, a6er bon 9(nfang ttiarS niii^t a(fo, unb )t)trti kr jur au^erften @ebu(& getoartete Banm enblii^ liie 5(|t (ctjktt miiffcn unii jtnot toon iicr toutl^cl ttu§. ^8 iintf mix niemauti nac^ ^(mertca fo(gen, tien bier tt)et§, iote (ange ii^ H hin, Hfi i^ abet aUH bin, Uici§ it^ unti i)ie treue 63ott(t(^e lirobiticiij. llrfaf^ctt iiafitr, Uicl^c ju ei^rcn in Sobc unii in ^rcuiic niein 2Bcrtf fcl)n toiri), fo (ang id^ liort unti ^icr bin. SBaS fonft no$ ju erinnetn mxc, mirti au3 dnigen ®a^cn bon iicr ratio7ic feregrinandi'xw gCgCUtofirtigCr ^cit jU CtfCi^cn fc^n, iicghicgcn ticn ®c(c$rtcn unb ©cticblcn Scfcr iicr 2rcuc ©ottcS in G^^^^rifito unb iicm JBSortc fcincr ©ciiu(t cm|ifc^(c unb tjcrbtcibc mitfam^fcnii, mitlcilicnli unii mit^offcnii on iicm Scibc ^cfu, iicr iibcr iiic gan^c ^riie jerftrcuct, crtoartct fcincS ^r^prtcn unii ^iinigS mi fc^nlij^cm S^crlnngcn. Daniel lytttrfncr, ©iirgcr unii Jpifgrim toon 5penf^ttionicn in 9lflriicrn 5(nicrico. Falckner's ^'•Curieuse IVachrkht .*' 75 I could but do it conscientiously, I would advise and even help that the Pope, with all his abominations, might again be over us, and oppress, injure and corrupt us, worse than ever before etc." (in his sermon of the Infant School). Meanwhile a true citizen of Jerusalem will abide by his resolution either to travel or to stay at home, and no one familiar with the circumstances will blame foolish Abraham for not wishing to stay at any one place in the horrible days of Israel's blindness. May it now come about here and there in the world, as it is there and yonder, so it will be even worse here, when it comes about yonder, as it was here. The world indeed consoles itself and its children saying : Oh ! every age has been as bad as the present, formerly it was even so. But in the beginning it was not always so. And when finally all patience with the tree has been exhausted the axe must be applied to the very root. No one must follow me to America, for who knows how long I shall remain there, but when I am in that very place, it is known to me and the providence of God. It shall be my task to serve and honor the reason therefore with love and cheerfulness, as long as I remain there. What otherwise remains to be mentioned, may be gleaned from several paragraphs of the rationi feregrinandi ; of the present time. I therefore patiently commend the learned and beloved reader, to the faithful care of God in Christ and the word, and remain a fellow warrior, fellow sufferer, and fellow expectant of the body of Christ, which is scattered over the whole earth and await the coming of my chief shepherd and King with ardent longing. Daniel Falckner, Citizen and Pilgrim of Pennsylvania in Northern America. ■•il^'^W^''Hi«V'''^V4'?W£lP5*l'^ gw^WF^^m^^T^vTiwaePSC^iwflsn i8t8J8fc««a«jja«e^«t«i^«*«?^l^*^^ PR/EMONITIO. [Preface to Printed Version.] g(I\Sftoo!^(cn untcr iifncn tnir botQcIcgtcn "^xa^tn cinigc 8o^ctt ^^^ fmii, iittrumb i^ mi^ Jiicfclbigctt, accural ju toiffcii, in 5(mcnctt niH^i hctmmtvi, uuii iic^tocgcn i^ iicfclHgc bi^ auf tocitcrcn SBcfi^ctJi ucr)>tt^rcn mu^. @o toitt i(^ iiO(^ fiir &ic)c§ttitt( in cinfottigct 8ick ju tncincm 25ttttcr(ttnk, i)o§ mir -^uniitbttfjrc tren^crl^ig offcnbo^rcn, tocilcn gumo^lcn id) ic^lnlbcn jn mcincn gntcn ^rcnn&cn, iinrj^ @0ttc8 SSSiffcn, on§ iicm fetnscnttcgcncn Santie, nng iicr llrfoj^c, toiciicrs ficfe^tct bin, nmb fie bcr groffcn SSo^lt^oten ®£)ttc§ unti beg tountictborcn ScgcnS ju bcrid)tcn iicr nff tiicfcS ncugcbontc Sanii in 3cit(i(f)cn unb l^imm(i|djcn O^iitcrn mit fo bottcr rcit^cr §anii gefifjiittct toiri), ba i(^ bann fclbftcn bet) meiner ^ins unb ^er=9{eife itii^t§ ttnbev§ beobaii^fet, 0(8 bn^ ber Seib ^^rifti cxHuti toerben wiijljte. 5^1^ l^obe (^ier unb bo) bic Siebe jum ^^rieben getrngcn, bie ©(^inajfjen gefitdtrfet, bie SWiiben erntuntert, bie ^iirtaii^igen geftrttffet, unb uticf) mit benen in ^offnung Sebenben erfreuet, out^ fnm^Jt i^nen in benen ©arbariftfjen §ct)bnif>^en ©rnn^en ein ttufrii^tigeg t^dtigeS ^^riftent^umb gefunben, tod^t^ itfj uteinen guten ^yteunben ticrfiinbiget, unb ge^e nun ttiieber bort^in, ob @ott miff, Germaniam Novam Dei amantem & colentem in America 3U fel^en, unb bofefbjt niiii^ olfo 3U bejeugen, toie eg (76) iwtiwrt r* ■■■TJ i n 111 fln i i i iTiirrn ji a ■ i i r i i i' ," n il i n ' > i i m r ifcTiiE PR/EMONITIO, [Preface to Printed Version.] * ^ II 'LTHOUGH among the questions presented unto ^^ B » me there are some things concerning which I have not troubled myself to learn about in America. These I must reserve until I shall have further information. I will, however, for the present in artless simplicity to my fatherland candidly reveal that which is known unto me, as I have chiefly upon this account, by divine permission returned unto my good friends, from the far distant land, to acquaint them with the great beneficence of the Lord, and the wonderous blessings of both temporal and divine favors, which have been scattered, with so bountiful hand over this newly settled land, as during my journey to and fro, I have observed nought, but how the body of Christ is being built up. I have at least always contended in the interest of charity and peace, strengthened the weak hearted, encouraged the weary, corrected the froward, and rejoiced with those living in hope, also together I also found within the barbaric heathenish boundries, a sincere active Christianity which I proclaimed unto my good friends, and now return if it please God, to see again Germaniam Novam Dei amanteni and colentem in (77) 78 ^uticufc 9loi!^rt^t bon Jpcnnf^ltiania. metn ^iinig tier ^iintge Un miv erforbert. 3u toel^er bar^abeits lien IReife ii^ mti^ tiem @e6ete, un)i tier !Sie6e aHer ttia^ren @(ies tier tiel fieibcS S^fu em^fo^tctt ^ttben toiH. .S«^ Hn aber liarbe^ Qtttt^ tierfir^ert, tia^ tier §@rr §@rr mir meine Seijlage Betoa^ren fan unti toiU 6t^ on jenen groffen Xa%, tie^toegen iH^ aui^ groffe ^reutiigfeit gebrauc^e tiem ^oti unti ailem S^ertierben Xto^ ju bteten. ^a^ protectire nber ^iermit ^um jierliii^jitett, tia^ i^ nij^t in- tentionirt jemantien tmrd^ wein .tommen nnti toietierstoegQel^en, otier tiurr^ nicin 8o6f>re(i^en Her ^Jtowmigfeit nnti "Mnfrii^ttgfeit tier neuen ^(jrijiten in Pensylvania, in tiie SSiifiten jn fii^ren, nein, fonticrn e§ ge^e ein jetier 3U ^^rifto ; tieffen tiie gan^e @rtic ift, unti aH i^re ^itde, unti (erne bon i^m UiaS er t^un foUe, mer OU0 tiiefem SBrunnen tier SBei^fjeit |i^ niii^t erleuj^ten (afft, tieme ift metier un miv mH^ un einigem S()lenf(^en uff tier S&elt ju ^efffen. Xie ^eutige 2Bett unti i^re 9Be(ts^intier in unferm Seutfd^s lantie (naii^tieme fie tiaS Hebe ^^rifitent^umb fafi gar tierlo^ren unti in eine ^eud^cte^ otier opus operatum toertoantielt l^abcn) trofitcn fi^ jtoar wit tiiefen 2Borten, f^re^eniie: O e8 ift affejeit biife getnefen, eS mar bor tiiefem aui!| jo. $(ber mein Heber !8antigmann meijt tiu niii^t tia^ tiie ^rt tiem <6aume fi^on an tiie SBurjet gefeget ijit, unti tia^ tier Saum, tier feinc gute ^ru^t bringet, mirti abge^auen unti in tiag ^^euer gemorjfen mertien. ^arumb ijit eg l^o^e ^^it^ tia^ man umbfe^re, mei( tiie ©natiens %^nx no^ offen jte^et. ®§ tiarff mir nicmanti na^ America fotgen, tiann mer mei§, mic (onge i^ tin bin. ^a^ id^ aber nid^t l^ier, fontiern (ies ber aff tiortcn bin, mei^ x^ unti liie treue ©ottliii^e Provident llrfai^cn tiarfiir, mett^cn in ^reutien ju e^ren unti ju lobcn mein SBerif fe^n mirti, fo (ang ii!^ lebe, unti aud^ tiort in aHe ^migfeit. SBor^u id^ tiann au^ tien moPgeneigten ^t^cv l^iermit nad^: Falchner's *■'• Curtetise JVackricht.'' 79 America; and to testify there as my King of Kings demands of me. For which proposed journey I will have to commend myself to the love and prayers of all true members of the body of Christ. I am, however, fully assured, that the Lord of Lords, can and will protect my mission until that great day. Therefore it is with great joyfulness that I bid defiance unto death and all corruption. I protest, however, herewith in the most graceful man- ner, that it is not my intention to lead anyone into these deserts, by my coming and returning again, or by my ecomium of the piety and sincerity of the new Christians in Pennsylvania. No — rather let every one go unto Christ, to whom belongs the whole earth, and the fullness thereof, and learn from Him what he shall do. He that doth not enlighten himself out of this fountain of wisdom, is not to be helped by me or any person in the world. The world of to-day and its worldly children in our Germany (after they have almost entirely lost the dear Christianity and have transformed it into a sham or of us operattim) console themselves with these words, saying : Oh ! every age has been as bad as the present, formerly it was even so. But my dear countrymen, do you not know that the axe is already laid to the root of the tree, and that the tree that doeth not bring forth good fruit, is felled and cast into the fire. Therefore it is high time, that one turneth, while yet the door of grace stands open. No one need follow me to America, for who knows how long I may remain there. But why I would rather be there, than here, there are reasons therefore, known unto me and the divine providence, which to honor and praise in joyfulness shall be m}'- task so long as I live, and also beyond in all eternity. Wherefore I then again heartily admonish the well dis- 8o ©uncufc 9^oi^ri(^t toon ^cnnf^Ibania. ma^Un ^ttf^ixi^ ticrmo^nc uiiti kt trcucn ©Ottcls^antr in G^^rifiti !Siek emlife^k, unli ticr6(ei6c ^cr 9Kttfttiii)iffcntic, 9)lit(ct)iicnJ)c, nnii SWit^offcndc on ticm Seik :»>€ftt, eiiigc^iflonl^tc SWitfnci^t, crtoartcrtii wcincS §r^=§ittcttg unii ^immclgs ^iinigS in fc^n(i(^cm ^crlangcn Mantel i^flt^KfJ*^ Siirgcr unJi ^pils grim in Pensylvanicn in 9lorBcn America. Falckner's '■'■Curieuse Nachricht." 8i posed reader, and commend him unto the true guidance of God in the love of Christ and remain The fellow warrior, fellow sufferer and fellow expectant of the body of Christ, an inveterate fellow servant, awaiting the coming of my chief shepherd, and Heav- enly King with ardent longing. Daniel Falckner, Citizen and Pil- grim in Pennsylvania in North- ern America. 2)ie 1. i^xaQt. SStc btc ^ctf c natf) America anpftcllcn ? Resp.^^^rvp|j. ^xtt^t Bcgtcifft 3toct)crlct| in fidj. I. ^cit •stBccg. II. istBic iiic 9tci)c anjuftcflcn [und auf was weise.] JBott iicitt 0?rftcn infoiiiicr^cit, fo mag tJcrjcnigc, tuctr^er Soften njttgctt toiff, am gcmoifjUr^fitctt 3tt Sanbc tion fciiicr §cimat^ ttcj| §oKonti gcl^cn, uiiii fi(^ grofs fcr Pagage entji^lagcn. SBiff man akr jn SBaffcr rcifcn, unti mit i!cm gmngftctt Soften, fo flc^ct man narfjcr §amliurfl oiicr SBrcmcn, toon iiar mit @(§iffcn naji^ ^ngcffantl. [Es sey denn, dass man vorher durch Briefe berichtet Engellische Schiffe, die nach Amer- ica zugehen entschlossen, allda antreffen konte.] dg toatC iiann 8adje t)a§ man an na^ern Oxitn 8ii^i|fe antrafe, die nad^ America jn gc^cn cntfrfjloffcn. '^ann mu§ man mit iicm Sf^iffcr accordircn, lia^ Jicrfclbc cincn mit attcm bct| fid^ ^bcnsicn gen Philadelphiam in iiie .^att|it|taiit Pennsylvanias (icffcrn mit[fe. 8ottlc ahtx tint nene Colonia in Sesquahanna Revier angefeget toeriien, [o toare el am kften Dor iicn, tier aE&a fidj nictier^ntaffcn entfdjtoffen, in &er Sat) lion 3)iorien(onii ganl^ okn in Bohemia Revier okr in Elck, i)a§ ijt, ^{enii§;Revier fitfj an§fel?cn (ieffe. 2Beit(aufftigen C^au^ratlj mu§ man tocrfanffen, unli in ^ngefs Innii [und Holland] mit iiem not^toeniiigften iiabon iniekr toers 82 ^ «e«sfeJW I^SSJSBl ^^ 68823 !W«9^ '^ 1^ ik^i^i Si^^SiS i(S# 1^'^ VSt &^ ^18 51 g^gc Tr^fWS >(S^ 9m wtS K^ ?i8 w^ «s m fm ^fii^^fi ^ m The I St Question. How to contrive for a voyage to America. fcj ^ iHIS question of the journey is a two-fold one ; ^ how to arrange for it, and upon what manner. Of the first he with whom expense is no object can go most comfortably by land from his home to Holland, and avoid the taking of any heavy baggage. If any wish to go by water and with less expense, they can go by way of Hamburg or Bremen, thence by vessel to England, provided, however, that they have previously satisfied themselves by letter that the English ship sailing for America, in which it is proposed to take passage, will be met.^ Next we must make our bargain with the skipper, so that he is bound to deliver us, with all our belongings, at Philadelphia, the capital of Pennsylvania. Should, however, the new colony be founded on the Susquehanna river,^ it would be best for such persons who wish or determine to settle there, to have themselves landed in the bay of Maria-land,* far up on the Bohemia river, or on the £lk, that is, Elcnds river.^ Ordinary household furniture must be sold, and the most necessary (83) 84 e^urieufe 9iai^n(^t toon jpcnnf^Ibonio. f(]^en. [So muss man audi kein Leinen ausgewaschenes und gebrauchtes mit nehmen, weil es schwere Acctse in Engelland giebet] ^ic oriicntUii^c unii Bcjitc gftt ift xvx ^^rii^s^ol^r, m 5(|inff, uttb am ©niic iic§ SKonatS 5(upftt gcgcit §cr6^, iiictocilcn umb bicjelbe '^txi })te mcifiten OjitlDintie toc^cn, H mu^ man in Sontion fc^n. [wenn friede ist, gehen zwar Allezeit Schiffe] ^tffjn frii^c m ^rii^Ungc, nnli nffju f^mtl^ xvx ^crbjit, ift e8 gar ungcs pwm im [auf dem] WtttX. 2Stc man ftt^ auf bcr 9?cifc 5U ijcr^altcn ? R. /tttlS; ift eg, tuann nton o^nc ^umor «ni) ©cranfdj in (^otfeS ^ Sillcn mit rcMiri^cm ^(fifd^icii angjic^c, unii anr^ alfo fort rcifc, iiamit mti\x cin gutcg ©ctoiffcn toor '^^ii, nnii altcn 9[Ucn; ft^cn l^abcn, unii Bc^attcn miig, alfo niii^t an ciner Scitc in tite S5crfud)nng tcr ^ortfjt l^olbcr, an iicr anlicrn ®citc Jicr Suft ^albcr fallen nnl) nnterliegcn miige. ^arnefien fe^ man fc^nelt jn i^iiren, unti (angfam jn reJjen. ^m aufferti^en t|ue man affeg ol^ne igmeiffctn unii WlvixmtU, nnii taffe fii^ bcgniigen en bem, Hag U ijt. Ste 3. Stage. SBic man fid^ btc Dlcifc rcc^t 5U 9^u^c 5U nta^cn? R. /ttSci^toie in ©ottti^er ^ii^rnng fi^ feine getoiffe Theses ^ oiler ^legetn marten (affen auf fo, oier fo, iiorumb [und deswegen] toeit uufere ^tnfi^toge unb Intention itbcroU mit Falckner's ^^Curieuse Nachricht ''' 85 articles be again purchased in England or Holland. Nor must any one take any linen, bleached or domestic, as this is subject to heavy custom duties in England. The best and most suitable time for the voyage is in the spring, in April, and in the autumn toward the latter part of August, as during these times easterly winds prevail. Then we must be in London. In times of peace ^° ships sail at almost all seasons, yet if it is too early in the year, or late in the autumn, it is very boisterous upon the ocean. The 2nd Question, How to conduct oneself upon the voyage. IT were well that one depart without bustle or excite- ment," but with a righteous leavetaking in the fear of God, and thus set out, having and keeping a good conscience before God and all men ; consequently not falling upon one side by the temptation of fear, nor falling and succumbing upon the other side by reason of pleasure. Moreover, be quick to hear, but slow to speak. In outward appearances do all things without doubting or complaint, and be con- tent with what is there. The 3rd Question. How one may rightly turn the voyage to profit. * y I *S in divine guidance, no regular set thesis and rules ^^ B , "thus and so" can be given. For this reason, that as our intentions and efforts are tinged and encompassed 86 ^urieufe 9la^rii!^t un ^ennf^ltiania. wcnf^n^cr ®(|tooii^§cit fo fern [Sie] 'nnxS^ iiic impressiones lauffen, umdgetien, also tiarjf man nur jtide unii gelaffen reifcn toic liic ^iniicr, bie Hon cincm Crt jum nniicrn [getragen oder] gelattet mettien, unti nur liagjentge infontier^ett anmertfen, morauf fie \iU trcufit^reniic Wtniitt tocifct ; 80 toirb cin jcgtiii^cr Xa^ fiir bttS 8cinc forgcn, unJj iicr 9lu^cn toirJ) [unserm mit Christo in Gott verborgenem Leben] 3ur ^tii ^tX Cffcnbtt^rung ^^rtfti 6ct)gc(c8ct. ^ann eg mi^'dii fti!^ |tcr tote mit einigen 9>errii|tungen, toeld^c getoiffen 9Kcn)(^cn umb i^re§ ©eften [halber] miffen onbcfoPen fmii. ex. gr. @inem Socmen nu^et liie Setoegung lie§ fli^nm^en ©UellS. [Einem Lahmen ist die Motion oder bewegung des Schwachen Gliedes absonderlich gut] @inem anliern nu^et ba§ @e^en jur beffern l^ertiauung iter ©^leifen, unii jur gefuntien Circulation J)e§ @ebliit§. %v\ ^ttttffmonn ma^et profit >^m feiner 9leife, mic e§ iiie ©elegens |eit gibt. S®ic man in Specie nff bcr 9?cifc fit^ jn fcincm iJorr)a= Bcnbcn ^^Jcrf \\\ Americam rcc^t praepariren fiinnc ? H.^: ^% Praeparation fo fern in fie iiie Moralitat, oJ)er in iiaS Interesse tier 8ce(cn jiefet, er^ettet ttu§ fr^on nngefii^rs ten, unb ^Ctt mei^ am kften mie er einen iegtii^en fi|an im IReifen noii^ jtt fernern Sleifcn praepariren foil, juma^ in§gemein tiic aWenf(i^ens.tini)cr olfo trageS §er^en§ finii, lia^ fie bic 2Bi(i|tig5 feit einer 8a^e [und] i^reg S5orne^men§ erft reii^t erfennen, toonn fie iieffent^albcn [ernstlich] iiie ^ro6 aftjutegen gefor&ert toeriien. ^6en toic iiie (eid^tfinnigen ^naien, tneli^e erft anfangen 3U lernen, mann fte nun auffagen foUen. J^alcknet-'s '■'■Curieuse JVachrtcht.'' 87 throughout with human weakness, so far as they flow through the sensuous impressions, therefore, we can only- travel quietly and patiently, like unto children who are carried or led from one place to another, and who merely notice in particular that to which the true guiding mother calls attention. Thus each day will provide for itself, and the gain will be ours in the life hidden with Christ in God prepared for revelation. Now it is like the various actions which have been recommended to certain people for their benefit. Thus, to a lame one a motion or movement of the weak member is specially grateful ; to another, walking gives a better digestion of the food and a healthful circu- lation of the blood. A merchant maketh profit from his journey as opportunity offers. The 4th Question. How may one rightly prepare himself during the voyage for his intended purpose in America? mHE preparation, so far as morality or the interest of the soul is concerned, appears from what has already been presented. God knows best how to prepare everyone upon the voyage for a future journey, as generally the children of men are of a slothful nature, so that they fail to realize the importance of matters and their under- standing until they are called upon to give some earnest proof upon that account, even as the frivolous youth, who only begin to study when they are called upon to stop. 88 ^uricttfc 9lo^tl^t tJon ^cnnfl|(t)ania. ^itjtoiff^cn ifit too|( gct^on, toann man fii?^ i)icn|tfcrtig, bets gnuglti^ unti %xU\i\am geU)o|nc, Hmii man i^crnai^ fii^ nii^t in ojfcrliotc falfi^c 5(b|it^tctt bcrtoirfcre, foniicrn ©Ott uni Salens f^crt Qctrcuc fc^ in iicr 9(ttfri(^ti0fcit. .^m ttuffcrHc^ctt i|t pt, ba^ mon in §offanii oiicr (^ngcffanii, noii^ iicm ISBcrmogcn, i)a§ @£)tt in fcincm Scgcn l)otrci(^ct, bcrfc^c mit ^(ciiicrn, 33c4tcn, ^ifcntocrrf, unb not^iiur|fttgcm .g>au^rot^c. ^icjcntgc Safjrcn fu in Pensylvanicn mitjunc^mcn btcnitd) : §offatti)tfdjc unb OfnttBrurfifri^c Scintoat, C^offoittiif^cn ^totrit, Srcmcr Sot)farfcn, iiatoon won crft in (^ngcUonii 9lo(^rit§4 cins l^otcn mu^, ol) mang in ^oUanJi cin(ai)cn HxW, unb tnie ^o^ tier Accis ijt; ©ctunlrftc ®triim)jffc ; ©inige ptc ®(^ccrmcffcr, Sil^ttt^tmcffcr, S(^nittmc|fcr, Brcitc JBcilcr, nllcri^onii SWnifcI unJ) ^aiUn. @rab)(^ciii, St^anffcln, Scnfcn, ©akin, ^i^c(n, ^5(S 8i|iff;!SBo(rf mu§ man in fcincm X^un (affcn, unii fiii^ ^ ui^t ttlljugcmcin moreen, [Es sey denn dass einen Gott sonderlich bey einem oder anderm einen eingang machte;] infoiiiicr^cit l^ttbctt jiil^ 2[Sci6§;^cr[onctt in 5t^t 3U nc^mctt. SJltttt mu^ respectircn iicn 8(l^iffs(5^^c)iitan, bcit Stcuers monn, ISBootSmann, ^0^ unll teller. [Den Koch, Kellner, Bothsmann zusamt den Schiff-Capitain und Steuermann muss man so viel als moglich zu Freunden behalten] In specie muf; man fitfj cincn gcringcn ®(^i|fmonn jum gutcn t^rcnnJJc maj^cn, mii SBcrf^irc^nng cincS Xranrfgctiig ottx ©raniis ttlCtngc(t)d^ [darneber einen gemeinen Schiffmann durch Verheissung eines Trinckgeldes oder dann und wann durch mittheilung eines trunks Brantwein an sich halten] ))antit man, ju fatten ©turmgs^fitcn olicr bet) tiorfallcnJicr ir^iffls Mrnnffjcit fitfj fcincr ^Inftoartung Qctrbfitcn fiinnc. ^tt§ 8cinigc mu^ cin icgtirfjcr tooljl tjcrtoa^rcn, unii nir^t unad^tfam (icflen laffcn, bamit ctntQc§ Biifcg 8tf)iff=2>o(rf nirfjt ©clcgcnfjctt ^um ftc^kn kfommc. 5(n bencn Ocrtcrn onf iicm S^iffe, too t)a§ ®d^iff=S>o((f fcinc SBcrridjtnngf n fjot, mn§ man fic^ nid^t tiici anf; l^altcn. Falckner's '•'•Curieuse Nachricht.^^ 91 cannot select at all times, nor avoid as we would desire where they are evil) nor should one enter into any amuse- ment to his own detriment. Give unto the body its proper food, and so far as possible beware of unclean drinking vessels, bedding and company. The 6th Question. What one has to be mindful of in his intercourse with the sailors and crew.? mHE crew must be left alone in their ways and doings, neither must one fraternize with them, unless it be that the Lord has made a special enlightment in one or another of them. Females, in particular, have to be care- ful of themselves. It is well for one to keep on as friendly terms as possible with the ship's-cook, steward, boatswain, as well as with the captain and mate. The favor of the common sailor should be gained by the promise of a gratuity or an occasional drink of brandy, so that one may depend upon their attention in stormy or heavy weather, or during sea-sickness. Every one must carefully guard his personal property, and allow nothing to lie around, so as not to offer to the wicked ship's crew any incentive for stealing. One should not spend much time in the crew's house of office. 92 G^uricttfc 9laj|ti(^t iion ^ennf^Iticttio. 2Ba^ megctt bcr (St^iff^= obcr 3ec=^rattf^cttcn in %^t 5U ncljmcn? R. ^S^ [schiffs] ^ranffjcit ufictftittt inSQcmctn bic ©offfitji^s '^ tiflc, (ji)cr 3um ®(^tt)iniic( gcncigtc, unii forii^tiamc ©emit; i^tx. [am meisten] ^a^cro iDotc c8 gut, iia§ ttion fcitt ©cmiit^ [Durch hohere Gedanken zu ordnen] tJOr^etO JU tU^igctt Sedaten ©ciianfcn disponirc, iicn Scib akr per purgantia tcinigC ; [und das natiirliche gebrechen der Schwindelhaff- tigen und furchtsamen Natur sich auf einer Schaukel zu benehmen] ;^ic ^orii^t fi(^ ju knc^ittcii, ju tJor^cro ujf Hctttcn [wasser in einem] ^Vtt^ncil fa^rcil tcritc, iic ^|ttnttt)Ct) [zu beugen und] Jiurj^ ciiic aiitooi^fcniie (f^riftHtfje lUuiiQ, uni WUt^ig ttttil fit^nc toCtilCtt (erne, [also gar, das worfiir immer ein welt Mensch nicht erschrickt auch ein Gott und Tugend liebender Mensch dasselbige keinesweges zu fiirchten hat] ^onn Uiorfiir ein biifer ^tUMcn^H^t erf^rtrft, iiorfiir ^at fi^ ein frommer C^Otts un& l^ngen&HeknDer 9)lcn]^t gar nii^tS ^u fiir^ten. Unii ift auH^ jn observiren, iio^ too mttn ftordfe SBiniie nnii ^ii^fe iiet See tiermertfet, man fid^ nit mit Skiff ^ovtjtt iibers Utt, fonlJern nnt ein tocnig ^to^krf mx ©rttntJetoein jn jiii^ ne^we, fu^ in fein ©ettc niciicrfcge, nnii onf iicr Seiten Hegen Meibe, k^ won ier Motion iic§ Si^ip beffer getool^ne. Man !on fiii^ au(i^ ein lag oiier od^t [nacht] c^e mon ^nv See gel^et, auf 2ia3 Sd^iff begeben tiantit man IteS S^ajfer^ unb kr Sees Igufft getoo^ne. Falckner's '•'■Curieuse Nachricht.^^ 93 The 7th Question. What is to be observed concerning ship or sea-sickness ? BEA-SICKNESS chiefly affects persons of a bilious disposition or such as are inclined to vertigo or fear. Therefore, it is best to occupy one's mind with higher thoughts ^^ and to cleanse the body ; while such as suffer from dizziness or are of a timorous nature should betake themselves to a swing or a little boat upon smaller waters, so as to overcome the fantasy of fear, and by increasing the practice of Christian virtues, become bold and courage- ous, so that as God-loving and virtue-loving persons they will in no manner have to fear, that which fails to frighten a worldly-minded person. It is also to be observed that when we meet with strong winds and high seas, one must not overload himself with food, but rather content himself with a little zwieback ^^ and brandy, and lie down in bed upon the right side, and remain there until one is better accustomed to the motion of the vessel. One may also go aboard the ship for a day or night prior to sailing, so as to get accustomed to the water and the sea-air. 94 ^urieufe 9la(^riii^t tion ^ennf^tnania. Sa^ jungc Scute, btc bajin rcifcn toottcn, 5U observircit [Wie junge Leute, die einmahl dahin gehen sollen auf solche weise dazu zu -prcRpariren seyn ? R. CII^^^ bercttg auf iiic 4te ffroge gconltoortet, unb tote bits ^^^ jcnigcn JRcgctn in %^i ju nc^mcn finii, tocli^c mott fanfit licnen in Wt ^yrcmbt) Oieifenlien 3U gcben Itjlcgt Iiod^ nur fo fern, aI3 fie tiem tnalren ^Iriftent^untb, unb tier ma^ren Xugenl) gema§ ftnU. S'ie 9. Stage. 2Sa)§ ki bcr 5(nfunfft in Pensylvania obcr Virginia ju observircn ? R. C^% ^rjte unb not^ifijtc ift, bcm §®rrn fcinem ©Ctt, ber -^iiurr^ SBoffer unb |yeuer fii^ret, einen ^ttn(f=?((tar \\\ ber ftiffen S>erborgcn^eit feineg §erl;cn§ aufjurij^ten, unb in gutem S^orfa^e [demselben] fcinc ©ctitbiie ju bejo^Ien. ^arneben fe^e ttion firfj noii^ [einem oder mehr] guten ^reunbcn unib, '^tWtXi man fcinc 5(n)d)(ogc, tnic unb toa8 8cbcn8;5trt man fit^rcn tootte, entbcrfe. Mm ftc|c jo niri^t auf fcinem .^^o^ffe, fonbcrn (affe fi^ bur^ bie ^rfo^rung onbcrcr ju fcinem ©eftcn rotten, injmifii^cn l^ot man fi^ ni^t yx iibcreilen, tiiclmcl^r mit @ciiu(t bcr @btt(is d^cn S^irfung abjutoartcn, W\ man fi(§ bcffer [vollig] in bic 9Crt bcS iSanbeS einrit^ten Icrne. Falckner's '•'•Curieuse Nachricht.^^ 95 The 8th Question. How young persons, who intend going there for any specific purpose, are to be properly prepared. * ^ * HE answer to this question already appears in those \5i^ previously set forth, in particular in ^lestion IV. Herewith one may observe such rules as are usually given to itinerant journeymen, though only so far as they con- form with true Christianity and virtue. The 9th Question. What is to be observed upon the arrival in Pennsyl- vania or Virginia? HIRST and above all, raise up unto the Lord, who hath guided you safely through fire and water, an altar of thankoffering in the inmost recesses of your heart, with a firm resolution to pay unto him your vows. At the same time seek to make one or more good friends, to whom 3^ou can disclose your intentions, projects and manner of living. Do not stand upon your own head, but take ad- vice from the experience of others. In the mean time one need not act hastily, but await with patience the Divine dispensation, until one learns fully how to establish one- self according to custom of the country. . 96 ^uncttfc 9ltt(i^ri^t bon ^cntt|t)(iiattio. S©ic man fic^ tiorfic^tigl^ gcgcn btc manc^crlcti Sectcn bort tjcr^altcn fottc ? K- (^5(S ift cine f^tocrc ^xap, uni) foft unmogn^ ju htanU ^ toortctt, no(^ [(^tocrcr ju practicircn, Jio(i^ tocil iiic fious tcrfcit i)c§ OHttubcnS ^(^[u in iicr G^infalt iiic ©crcrfjiigfcit iicr Siilrfcr crfitHct, )o tljut man iinrinn iicn Sectcn [keinen gios- seren] no^ i)cn ntctftcn (^intrag, unJ) 3niar nar^ ifjrcr ciflcncn 5(nforiicrung, unti mit i^rcm Consens. Xann iuann man ^Hl^ in iicr X^at fo fromm gcgcn fic kjcngct, toic fie in cincm gcfcl^s tidjcn SBccgc licrlangcn, unti dodj iiark^ nid^t ftoH^ i|t, uni) Hid: mcfjt [in der Freundlichkeit und Liebe ihnen etwas Leben- diges bey aller Gelegenheit bezeuget] i^ncn ^fcnnJllid^fcit, unti iSictic kjcugct. 2)ie 11. Sragc. 293tc man fitl) bortcn am dcftcn cinridjtcn Unnc jur §auPa(tung ? [zur information, zur Haus-Arbeit, zur Haushaltung] R. r^vIESE Einrichtung kan geschehen] 9laic§c3uii^t. ^inige ttcibctt ^niiittttifd^c |)aniicl)j!^afft, olicr (ojfctt |i^ jur Sr^ijfa^rt gckau^cn Sie 17. Srage. 2^ott bcttctt SBilben, i^rcit 9?attouctt, 5Jn5a§(c, unb R- (^S^ 9lottonctt licr SSilticn fmii matti!|cr(ct), iioil^ jinJi ung '^ ttur iiicicnigcn ficfonnt, Sic umb unS hjodncn, iic aniicrn fommen nit^t in unjcr ©efirfjtc, ticrcu 9la()mctt, §crfunfft, SBcis Falckncr^s '•'■Curieuse JVachrtchty 105 kins, melons, roots, hemp, flax, hops, and all other sorts of garden produce flourish and recompense such as culti- vate them richly for their labor. Domesticated fruit trees mature quickly, so that the husbandman can enjoy the fruit therefrom within seven years. Peaches and cherries are plentiful here and increase spontaneously like weeds. Of forest trees we have the Chestnut and three or four varieties of nutbearing trees. Of cedar trees there are three varieties ; there are also Oak, Ash, Sassafras, Poplar, Medlar,^^ Beech and the like. In Virginia and Maryland they have a hard wood called Cocas, ^^ also Cypress and it is said further in the interior lignum guaiacum'^ or sanctum. The 1 6th Question. How the Europeans support themselves, and the various ways in which they earn their livelihood. Y-ptHE Europeans who have no trade support themselves J " [ chiefly by agriculture and breeding cattle. Some follow trading with the Indians or find employment with the shipping. The 17th Question. Of the savages, their nations, numbers and languages. YTtHERE are many nations among the savages. Only J i [ such, however, are known to us as live about us. The others we do not get sight of. Their names, origin. io6 ©uricufc 9la(^tit^t Un ^cnnf^Ibttnta. fctt unb 8ittctt foffcn ju ciuct oniicrn ^cli, fo @Ott totll, unti toit (cbctt, crfofgett. ^^xc Slnja^l tjcrminiicrt fij^ gctnaltig, ins km jte tnr^ i)ie ^tanH^tittn tier ^uro|iaer angejiteifet bal^in gcriffctt toerben, ia^ too man iicrfclkn uv 30. ^tt^rcn 100 [200] uttb mcl^r gefc^cn, i^o [man nun] taum cincn ficl^ct, 60 iJtcl 9lattonen bet) i^nen ftnli, fo t)te(ertet) unb gan^ mitt: f^icilCtt finJl ttU(]§ bte [derselben] S^rtt^ett. Sic 18* Srage. ^k mit ifjncn ttm65ugc^ctt ? R. r(^ER umbgang mit ihnen] ^jt euffetU^eit Affairen L^ ift no^ [leiblich] too^ ittit i^nen umbge^en. ^n i^rett Humor mu^ man fi^ bengen, unli i^re ^uneigunge fut^en, lionn in i^rer %xi jte^cn fie feftc, fit i^m, reiicn unii fe^en ttu8, glcid^ toie fie gefinnet fmii. ^ic ©infalt, mit [zahmen Crea- tiirenl i^nen umbjngC^en ifit, [in dem umbgang mit ihnen] iiie bejte (©tttttt8;9lege(. SBann fie trunrfen finii [oder dazu lust und Gelegenheit haben,] fo ift iJOg befte, fic jtt meiicn. S^te 19. forage. SBa^ \\xt ^ugcnbcn unb Safter fct)cn ? R. C\§91^ Sugenii alter 2ugeniicn ift, iiie llnberiiroffeni^eit, <\j iicmjcnigcn na^jnftreben, toa§ fic fi(| Uorgefe^et, fie fini natiirtiii^ einfattig, iia^ero [auch wo sie Verstand und] too fie Wi\t betoeifen, t!^nn fie c§ tio^ nii^t nmb cin fotr^e§ Interesse, tiation fie einen beftantiigen profit unb 9lu^en tior fii^ 3U ma^en Falckner's '■^Curieuse JVachrtcht." 107 manners and habits will follow at some future time. So God wills, and we live. They decrease in numbers rapidly, as they become infected^" with the diseases of the Euro- peans and are swept away. Where thirty years ago one could see two hundred or more, one can now hardly find a single one. As many nations as there are, so entirely different are their languages. The 1 8th Question. How to establish intercourse with them.^ mHE intercourse with them in outward affairs is still moderate. One must bow to their humor, and seek their favor. For in their opinions they stand firm, and speak and look just as they are disposed. Simplicity is the best public law in intercourse with tame creatures. When they are drunk, or have any desire and opportunity thereto, it is best to avoid them. The 19th Question. What are their virtues and vices } mHEIR virtue of all virtues is their perseverance in striving after what they resolve upon. They are by nature unsophisticated. Therefore where they show intellect and effort they do not do it with an intention, whereby they expect to reap any permanent benefit or io8 ^urieufe 9la(^tti^t tion ipennft)Itiania. ficiio^tcn, fottbern nur iJo^ fic |i^ fclfift etnc Satisfaction gckn, unti darfilr angeje^en fe^n tooHen, Hfi fie aui^ ctloaS t^un Urn nen. S!Bie)oo|ten aui| toie(e tiie ^Uht pm ftarifen @etran(!e, unll iic ©Cgicrbc, Bcffcrc ^(ctbunQC JU l^obcn [und andere der- gleichen Dinge wie mventios und fleissig] jic etgCltnu^tg [und] @ctoittnfi^tt8 tttcd^ct. ®ic fuiJ) inSflcwcin Sociabel, fre^gebtg^ crnft^afftig [welche ernsthafftigkeit bissweilen mit Argwohn undj mit 3otn Jjcrmifd^ct, foniJcrlifi^ gcgcn i^rcS gleii^en. SBic fic too^ncn ? unb toie tuctt bic ^Uttcn tjon cinanbcr ? [seyn] R. (5^S® tnol^ttcu 6tt(ii l^ier bald Har no^icm fic il^r Sinn unii ^^ i^rc fiuft trcibct, iiodi ^abcit [sie] au^ cinige kftontiigc ©crtcr, iitt tiietc ^iittcn ftc^cn, [auch einige] toic Stoiitc, tticl^e liod^ toieJitr tienen ^itttcn, noi^ iienen ankrn Umbftiinlien na(!^, bon jjenen Hie! untcrf(|iel)cn find. 2)ie 31. i^^age. SBic fi(^ bic SBilbcn ncjrcn ? '^ ^a^tn und i^ifc^cn, und dorncbcn ^jflan^cn i^tc SBcificr eitt tocnig Sni^ioHif^ ^orn, So^ncn, ^iitfifc, SJlctoncn [Quash- ies] und dcrglciii^ctt :c. Falckner's ^^Curteuse Nachrichty 109 profit for themselves, but merely to give themselves the satisfaction to be considered able to accomplish something ; although now the love for strong drink and the desire for better garments and other similar things makes them desirous and industrious, but also selfish and greedy. In general for trifles they are sociable, liberal, and earnest ; an earnestness w^hich is often mixed with suspicion and anger, especially against their equals. The 20th Question. How they live, and what distance their cabins are apart. mHEY live, sometimes here, sometimes there, accord- ing as their inclination or fancy moves them. Yet they have some permanent places, where there are many cabins, also some towns, in which, however, neither the cabins nor other conditions differ greatly from the others. The 2 I St Question. How they support themselves. mHEIR principal means of existence is derived from hunting and fishing. In addition their women plant a little Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, melons, squash, and such like. no ^uttcufc 9lo(i|n^t tJon ^cnnf^ltiania. 2Stc fie ben Xa^ ^ukingen ? R. r^^IESES erhallet meistentheils schon aus vorher- L''^ gehender Beantwortung, welcher noch dieses beyzufugen] 26ic erjt ftclJar^t mit ^a^cn unii fyifr^cn, ctli^c iereiten au^ Cyclic, [Manns-Arbeit ist Fell bereiten, von welchen sie hernach Striimpfe, Hemden und Sipax, das ist Schuhe machen] Jtttti^cn ©trum^ffe ttltll Sigax, iiag ijit, (©d^u^c, item ^bt^crnc ©(^iiffeln unb Soffcl, bon ^notfcn, tic on ilCtt S3autnen ioa^fen. [Und was etwa sonst zu ihren zeuge gehoret] ^ic 2Sci6cr l^ottctt §o(^, ^od^ctt, tottrtctt iicr binder, niCJi^Ctt JBcutct toon toilkn §anff, [welchen sie JVoh's nennen] auS^ Strirfc. Item 2o)ic3crct)ett un gcfarbtcm Strode, ^iirbc toon gefarHem ^aft, unli ^eifen tion ^etiern gefloiilten. 2)ie 23. S^age. SBie fie i^re ^inber er^ic^en? ^' (f^S^ -^uitgen (crnen Hon [sich] feffifi t^uit tote btc 5((tcn, '^ tocli^c fie iiuril^ fiob unii Sicbfofcn, alK toic jungc 5i|fctt getod^nen^ H^tx ttU ^tntiet fe^r freuniini^ ftnti. Unli gUi(^tote Mc §(tcrtt ottcg tnit Sujt unii gutcm SBittcn t^un, olfo fic^ct man, ta^ auii^ ^tnticr jeugcn unti auferjie^en 6e^ i^nen feine ©cfr^uicriic ift, man finlict aud^ nii^t UiH^i tin fn|i^cI^offtcg unii t)cttoor(ojitc§ ^inX) nnfer i^ncn. Vide plura infra in iicr 72. Fahkner's '•'•Cui'ietise Nachricht" iii The 22nd Question. How men, women and children spend the day. YnpY^^^ ^^ shown for the most part in the preceding J I [ answers ; to which we may add that it is the work of the men to prepare the skins, from which they afterwards make stockings, shirts and Sipax, that is shoes. ^' Item, wooden bowls and spoons they make out of the knots that grow on the trees, and what else belongs to their imple- ments. The women cook, chop wood, attend to the chil- dren, make bags out of wild hemp,^^ which they call fiotis^ ropes, tapestry from dyed straw, baskets from the col- oredinner bark of trees, and braid feathers into rugs. The 23rd Question. How do they rear their children.? ynpYHE young learn of themselves to do just as their J I [ seniors do; for which, just as young monkeys, they receive great praise and much caressing. Therefore the children are very affable. 112 ^urteufe ^lai^rtii^t un ^ennf^Itiania. 2)ie 24. Stage. 2Btc ftc fi^ tjcrl^curat^cn ? quibus Ceremoniis ? unb qB fie Polygami? ^' ^^(^B^^ flcf^iJ^t [so viel mir bekannt] no^ mit ^ jicmHri^ctt Hmbftdntictt unb Crimung, unii ijit ju tiers touniicrn, iio^ tocniflcr llnfcufr^^cit unter i^ncn ju toctmcrrfcn, da ftc iio^ mciftcng narfcnti gc^cit^ unt) aUcseit @c(cgcn^cit Hxin ^ahtn, iia^ingcgcn [als unter unsern] kt) ung ^utojioifr^ctt SJdrrfcrn [allwo die Scharffigkeit der Gesetze, Gottes Befehl zu geschweigen] iitc ®rl^ttt|fc licr hJc(t(t(i^ctt Obdgfcit iicS crnften Scfe^lS @ottc3 su gcft^Uietgcn, tiic 9Jlcnf(^cn abcr i)0(^ nii^t fo fromm ma(^cn un& cr^a(tcn fiinncn, a(3 tote jcne o^nc ©cfcl^c finii. ^ic §curflfp Ceremonien lict) t|ttctt finii ttlfo : ^cr SWann giftt iicr i^roucn ctncn ^irfd^s^^M^. itictt^cS bciJcutct, iio^ tv i^r «y(cif(^ ijcrfd^ttffctt toill. ^ic ^rou phi bcm 9)ittnnc cine §ottii tiflff ^orn [oder Gewachsse] toe(^e§ klJeutet, iia§ fie uor iitt§ ©roil unii ^iii^c forgctt tooUt. Grincm SOlanne ift [vergonnt] er(ttubet jtoo t^roueit 3U ne^mcn, toonn er fie ju ers ito^rcn geiiettrfet, fonjt ift e§ i^mc eine grojfc 8(i|ottiie. [Sed non vice versa. Von einigen wird gesaget, dass nachdem eine Dime an einen gewissen Mann versprochen, sie her- nach, ehe er sie heim holet, Freiheit habe um sich etwas zu verdienen, tit quaestum de corf ore facitat^ welches ich aber nicht gewiss weiss] Falckner's '•'■Curieuse JVachricht." 113 The 24th Question. How do they marry, with what ceremonies ;^^ and whether they are polygamous.^* mHIS is the case, so far as is known to me ; still, with suitable formality and order ; and it is a marvel that less immorality is to be found among them (although they almost always go naked, and have at all times greater opportunity thereto), than among our European people, where the severity of the laws, to say nothing of the Divine command, cannot make the people as upright, and keep them so, as those who are entirely without any laws. The marriage ceremony is as follows : The man gives the woman a deer's foot, which signifies that he will keep her supplied with meat. The woman gives the man a handful of corn or vegetables, which imports that she will look after his bread and cooking. One man is permitted to have two wives if he can support them, otherwise it is a great reproach to them ; but not vice versa. By some it is said that after a wench is engaged to a certain man, she is afterwards, before he takes her home, at liberty to earn something for herself, tit qiiaestuni di corpore faciat^ which I however do not know for certain. 114 ^uricui'c 9la(i^ri(i^t bon ^cttn)^(iianttt. SJpn bcr SStlbcn if)xcx S^jrat^c unb UmBgang ? ^ aSiirtcr, a(§ Xingc f^abcn. ^^rc Verba unii Nomina ^ahtn toc&cr Tempora norfj Numerum ; iiic anfitxn finii loutcr Nomina propria u«H appellativa. ^n ^rmanglung iicr Copu- (arum, l|akn fic cinigc tion iicncn 8r^tociictt uni) anticrn aitQc; nommcn, e. g. Ok. unb Ni. !^a§ R. fiintten fic nii^t ttu§)>rc(l^cn. Bit rcDcn mcfjr mit i^rcit Okbcriicn uuii mit iicm Affect, tiann mit iicn SBortcn, iitt^cro Jicr jciiige, bcrmit i^ncii rciict, unb bag, mortoon cr rcbct, gcgcntuartift fctjn mu^. 5ltfi(: Lanconti fagcn fie, toonn fic cincm ctmo§ gebcii mollcn, obcr man jic cttoag gcflcdctt j^aftcn mollctt, fic fdiincn fcinc ISBicI^cit in i^rcu (^cbanrfcn (c^bcn, unii excolircn mc^r bag Studium oblivionis, o(§ Scientiae & Memo- riae, barumb ^ahtn fic auj^ fcinc Monumenta antiquitatis untcr jii^. SaSnnn aUx ctma§ untcr i^nc folic gciiai^t nn'a bc|ttltcn tocrbc, fo ncljmcn fic i^r jungcg Sotrf jufnmmcn, unb kbcutcn c8 i^ncn, unb inonn fic c§ bcr 9Jlitl)c tocrt^ or^tcn, fo kfcfjfcn fic bcncnfclkn, bo§ fic c§ in i^tcm ^o^cn %lUx i^rcn ^ungcn micbcr bcfc^tcn, nn'Q cinbrurfcn mogcn. S« i^xtm llmftgang mu^ man fij^ tta(^ i^rcm Humeur tir^tcn, unb fcinc ^rcunblic^fcit unb Socmen mit ^rnft^aftigfcit bcrmif^cn, tocttcn fic orfltoo^nifi^ fmb unb kiH^t Qcbcnrfcn, bo§ man fic bcrnii^tc. Hm6 bbflig ^crtroucn bc^ ifjncn p crtangcn unb ju cr^aftcn, ift c§ %ni, ba^ man fic ju unfcrcr fflSo^nungc fommcu Inffc, fic nitfjt o^nc ^ffcn unb ^ranrf gc^cn taffc, unb i^ncn M§mci(cn cttoag botft^icffc an ^ulbcr, S(c^, XahaiS. Unb too fic pt 5(knb§ fommcn, i^ncn ^tc^^cit anfitctc, k^ bcm f^cucr ju ficgcn, toonn mon bonn toicbcr ju i|ncn fommt, fo finb fic bcfito lickciilcr unb @aftfrct)cr. I Not in original MSS. Falckncrs " Curieuse JVachrickt.''^ 115 The 25th Question. [Not in the original MSS.] Of the Savages, their language and intercourse. BUCH is easy to acquire, as they have no more words than things. Their verbs and nouns have neither tense nor numbers. The others are all proper names and appellatives. In the absence of conjunctives they have adopted several from the Swedes and others ex. gr. Ok and Ni. They cannot pronounce the letter R. They speak more with gestures and their effect than with words, therefore, anyone who speaks with them, and that about which he speaks must be present. Thus they say Laconti\ when they want to give one something, or when they want some- thing given to them, they cannot endure any multiplicity in their ideas, and cultivate more the study of forgetfulness than that of knowledge and memory. Therefore, they have no monuments of antiquity among them. But when anything amongst them is to be commemorated and retained, they gather their young people together and explain it unto them, and when they deem it important enough, they com- mand them, that in their old age they again impart and impress it upon the youth. In their intercourse, one must conform to their disposition, and blend his affability and laughter with earnestness ; they are suspicious and readily imagine that we disdain them. To gain their perfect confidence and maintain it, it is well to let them come to our habitations, and not to let them leave without giving them eat and drink, and occa- sionally advance them some Powder, Lead, Tobacco. When they come in the evening, give them the liberty of laying beside the fire, then when we come again to them, they are even more friendly and hospitable. ii6 (?urifufe 9lo(^nil^t iion ^*cnn)^(tJOttto. 2;ic 26. S-ragc/ OIJ fie H§ ©utc kloljitcn, unb iJa^^ 25iifc ftraffcu unb toic? R. /tlUI^S unti SBiJfcl ijt faei) illicit 9Utur unii ©cttio^n^cit, ^^ unii t^ai feinc gcttjijfc C^rtin^cn [auser in allerausers- ten extremis] al5 ill extremis vitiis. %i§ Xoiltf(^raQ, 3«lUs bcrcl) Ulli) [wie einige sagen] (f^cbruji^, [nach ihrer art] l)ic finti Capital, licr Boni^ )pxi^t tiic Sentenz. [Doch konnen sie der Zeit erwarten, biss der Thater in ihre Gelegenheit kommt, wo er sich nicht freiwillig einstellet. Die freund- schafft dessen, der beleidiget, muss die Rache selbst, wo sie kann und die andere Parthey nicht fiirchtet, ausfiihren es mochte denn seyn, dass der Konig Parthey nehme, welcher gleichwohl zu allem den sentenz spricht.] ^ic ©c(o§nung iictf ©utcn bcftc^ct in iicm 9lu^m, unii in cincnt naii^ i^rcm SscnniJQcn, Qcgcnmartigcn (skfi^cnrff. Xic «traffc bejtc^et bclj iicm iljortc iic6 Monip : Siting i^n toiit ! \&isx\Vi fir^ ttU(^ iicr Reus Icti^t bcqucmct, nict( ftc t^r Sclicn xix^i §0(^ ai^tcn. 2)tc 27. Srngc' SBon t^rcm 9?cgimcnt, 06 fie eincn ^iintg, ober t)te( ^iinigc, unb ob fie feinen aubcrn 93hgiftrat, xmb ber ^iinig feine Ministros, fonberu gan5 aUeine regicrc ? R- fjpS9l(^ 9Utton ^ot unterfj^iciiti^c tonige, unb cin jegtii!|cr ^ .l^ijnig [cine isornc^mjten, mtt toel^en er ftii^ bcratf^kgct, eS fan aber nii^t \t\^i ein bejfercr diat^ nudfommen a(S lied 2 Question XXV in MSB. 3 Question XXVI in MSS. Falckner's ' * Curieuse Nachricht . " 117 The 26th Question. Do they reward the good, and punish the evil, and how? •">( OOD and evil are with them nature and usage, and \^y have no certain boundaries except in the uttermost extremes, such as homicide, sorcery and some say adul- tery, which according to their manners are capital. Still they can await the time when the culprit returns to their locality. If he does not voluntarily surrender himself, the kinsmen of such as were injured must execute the revenge themselves, and must not fear the other party. It might be then that the chief takes a part, whose sentence would be binding upon all. The reward of the good consists in glory and in presents, according to their means and con- ditions. The 27th Question. Of their government. Have the}- one or many kings ; have they any other magistates, and the king any ministers, or do the}' rule absolutely alone ? * y I ' NATION has different kings, and each king has f^ 1 ^ his principals, with whom he takes counsel, but it is not easy to offer any better counsel than that of the king, as will be seen in the next question. Therefore, his word is as good as writ and deed. In public life king and subjects live almost without distinction.^ Every one supports himself with hunting and fishing, etc. ii8 ©uricufc 9la(^rt(|t toon ^cnnfDltoonia. ^onigS, tote ttttS folgcnlim toirii ju fc^cn )ct)tt. [wie aus fol- gender ^testion wird zu ersehen seyn] ^sa^cro ijt [cill &ort fo %v\ at§ ©(i^rifft unii 2:$at. ^m euffctliii^cn 3^|utt akr [bleiben] jinft Jitc ^oniQc uii!) llutcrt^aiictt ffljt cincr toic lict an&ctc, jeticr nti^rct fir^ mi .Snflcn unii «yi)(^en :c. %t'^tx ^iinift ^crrfi^ct iikr cin ftctoi)ff§ ©tiirf SanUcS, unb fittii citcl 2Bft^(;.ftoni8rci(^c, unii wx\ ctn ^onig fc^n kr kjtc Soger, una tier fliiQlte ^JUnn, fo iicn kjtcn 9lot^ geben fou. ^eg ^(intQS Si^ort toirii absolut tJoUjoflen, iiorf) ift cr fclift tier crftc iier fetncn ISefefjt t^ut. Xie ^eJiienunft ift Don iiencn oniiern nid^t unterfd^ieJjen, unii ^ot fcinen ^cMcnten, ouffcr fo er ^einic l^at, fo fte^ctt i^m feinc llntcrtfjanen 311 Okktt, nuii 6(cikn in feiner ^iittcn ktj i^in. (fr conferirt mit kn ^ftliigften bom %M, toanu ettooS toi(^tigef^ 3U krat()f(^(agen ift. ^onn tier ^aum e§ ploffet, fo fik» fic tingS umb tiaS ^euer ktjm Miinig. ^a§ Is^ermiigen feiner ltntert()anen ift fo gut old tiaS Seine, dod^ forkrt er niii^tS bon i^nen, nnti tieg .^liinigS ^ermiigen ift fo gut, tt(§ tofire eg kr llntert^anen. ©i§toei(en bringcn iiie llnters t^onen ii>!^^<^ toon i^rem Oklk, toetr^eg fie aBom^on nenncn, unii fd^toari^ uni) toei^ ift, toie eine*^(rt ton 8(^me(t^, otier tangteii^ten ©to^slsPttttcrten, toie gefi^nittener f>erfer(ing, toeli^eg ©etli and) be^ iicnen ^uro^tiern gitt, unJ) Lagio tiarouf gegekn toirii ; fie fagen nber niiljt, toie fie eg maiden. SaSonn fie feme nnf i»ie ^ogt ge^en, okr in i)en Streit jie^en, fo fle^et eg iienen SBeibern fret) tocld^e mit ge^en tooften, Dor Die ttber, fo ju §oufe bteiben, oriinet iier .tiinig etlii^e 9Wanner, iia^ fie JBSitiJ tior iiie §interbliebene f(^ieffen unii fie berforgen. 3n geringern delictis fangen fie on m^ ©elbftroffen ju ges braui!§en. Item tottun ein SWnnn ftirbet, iier iio fd^utiiig ift, fo bejoltet bie ^reuniifd^afi fiir i^n, toeiten fte fid^ nii^t toolten fi|im^ffen laffen. ^01^ WMt^ fie umb (^eiiutt. Falckner^s '•'■Curieuse Nachricht.'''' 119 Every king rules over a certain piece of territory, which is merely an elective kingdom, for a king must be the best hunter and the wisest man who can give the best advice. The king's word is absolutely obeyed, although he, him- self, is the first to execute his own commands. His sur- roundings do not differ from the others, and he has no servants except when he has enemies, then all of his sub- jects are at his command, and remain in their huts near him. He confers with the wisest amongst his people when anything important is to be considered. Whenever the space permits they all sit around the fire with the king. The belongings of his subjects are as good as his, although he does not ask for them, and the king's property is the same as if it were that of the subjects. Sometimes the subjects bring him some of their money ; this they call w«w/7^w. It is white and" black, like a kind of enamel or lengthy glass pearling like cut chaff. This money also passes with the Europeans, and a premium is given for it ; they will, how- ever, not tell how they make it. When they go upon an extended chase, or go upon the warpath, it is optional with the women if they want to go along. For such however as remain at home, the king orders divers men to remain and shoot game and provide for them. For minor offences they also begin to impose fines of money. Item, when a man dies, who is in debt, his kinsfolk pay for him, as they do not wish to be disgraced. Yet they pray for indulgence. I20 ^tttieufe 9loil§nj!^t iion ^eiittftittjonia. 2)ic 28. ^ta^C SBorinncn bcr^oittg tjaii anbcrn untcrft^icbcn fet) in ^ku bung? SBo^nung? cnffcrlit^cr Autoritrit 2C» ^ t()ancn untcr)(^ciiict, fmb fo(j!^e Duttlitiiten, bic |ic Hx fonticrlij^ iK^ten tt(g ; ^r muji fct)tt Ucr 26cifc|itc unU @cf(i§ii!(iii^s ftc, ftorrf, uuii kr ftcftc Stiflfr. Jift^f^* i|t i^*" ABnigrcir^ ttU(^ nii^t er6(iii|. Si^ttieilen ijit fctn, unti feine^ ^cikd Sr^muif ettoag bcjfcrg tt(§ iicr oniJcrn, unii kftc^ct cigcntlii^ imrinncn, Hj^ |ic ii^tC %xt (^clJ)C§ [welches eine von uns unbekanten Dingen zusammengeschmolzene materie ist, die sie tvamfon nen- nen] uiic "^^txitw iirtd^ licr «i^attieruttg jufammcn fi^curcn, unli cnttociicr ouf iicrn ^^o^jfc, ols cine %xmt, oiicr ouf iiic Sruft, oJicr [wie nichts minder] nm6 &te ^oats^dl'fff cinftc^tcn. [Das Vermogen der Unterthanen ist so gut, als ware es des Konigs, und seines so gut als ihres, wiewohl keiner von dem andern etwas begehret.] 2)c§ «^dnig§ Autoritfit Qc^ct iikt nllc§, unti fcin ©cfefjf tntrli o^ne exception respectitct, ))o^ ijit cr fclbft lier crjte, lict feinen !!Befc§( auSrii^tet. 2)ic 39. I^ragc.' 2Btc bcncn SBilbcn cinigc ^iinftc nnb SStffcnft^aftcn kt)= 5n6ringcn? R. ftlj^^^l mn^ i^nen irngjcnigc k^bringcn, toorju fie [solche ♦VI' mtissen ihnen beygebracht werden, darzu sie nicht nur] i|rcr 9ltttur nnti ^Icignng nttji| inclinitcn, auii^ bie ^iinjitc, 4 Question XXVII in MSS. 5 Question XXVIII in MSS. M n il ^rjr.ii « Ur M S!^lt\ lh« ?« 1-1 « Hi H ij: i.ipi: UMi nir -R «t5 ^i ip:« It is: O IE ca rfl C OJ O > . C < g^ > H IL. O O fcc: O CD - in r H O z: r 1- >- Z z: ffi Falckner's '-'•Curietise JVachricht." 121 The 28th Question. Wherein the King differs from the others in dress, habitation, outward authority, etc. YTTHE superiority in which the king differs from his J i [, subjects are such quaHties as they specially ad- mire. Thus he must be the wisest among them, as well as the bravest, most expert and powerful hunter. There- fore, the king is wealthy and the office is not inheritable. Occasionally his and his wives' adornments are somewhat better than the others, and represent his wealth. They have a kind of money, which is composed of materials unknown to us and fused together ; this they call zvani- ^uju^"^ and string like pearls according to the shading. It is worn either upon the head as a crown, or upon the chest, for nothing more or less than to braid in their queus.^^ The belongings of the subject are the same as if they were the king's, and his as well as theirs, although no one asks anything from another. His authority is absolute over all, and his commands are respected without exception. Yet he is among the first to execute his own commands. The 29th Question. How to introduce some of the arts and sciences among the savages. BUCH only must be communicated to them toward which they are inclined by their nature and habits, and such as are not prejudicial to the Europeans. Among 122 ^uricttfc 9lttii^nc^t tion jpcnnf^ltittnia. liie icnctt ^nxopdctn nit praejudicir(i(^ finii, tt(§ [also untern andern die vornehmsten sind :] 9Jla^(crc^, [und] aWttfit [sondern auch dadurch man desto naher zu dem rechten Zweck bey ihnen gelangen und zum wenigsten etliche der ihrigen zu einer andern Sprache in lesen und schreiben gewohnen konne] ttttii Si^rcificrc^, ttoriiurc^ man fie am tcid^s teften 3U einer aniiern ^ptaH^c gemii^nen fan. W&o bcnekng man fie iiutii^ aller^anii o|ftma^(§ mietier^oUe iSoifung, unli frennii(i(|e Xarreiii^nng iicr 8iebe, an |i(^ jie^cn mn^, Jioii^ [ie nij^t affju feji l^alten, H^ fie suspiciren fiinnen, 06 tootte wan fie in i^rer (5ret)|eit einfr^ranrfen, bie(me^ro i^rcn ©emiit^ern jntJot fommen, e^e [und bevor] fic eine§ ^ingeS niiiiie tocrien. ^arjn after Uieriien Sentc erforiiert i>ic fanft nij^tS aniierg jn t^un ^aben. Sie 30. Stage/ SBic i^ncn tttoa cinigc Principia generalia Religionis kt)5uBringctt ? R. ai\OT9l mm nur erft einifle iierfelften anf fj^on ongeregfe "^^ Qttte ©riinlie geftrac^t l^at, iin^ fie iiie ^ngtifr^e oier Sentfd^c @|)ra^e lernen Uerfte^cn, iiann fann man fie auf iiie ^rfanntnu^ (^otteg, na$ tien Si^erifen tier erften ®t^o|)ffung fitfjren, unti fie tiarinnen 6e^ tagliii^en Umbgang befrafftigen, bi^ ©Ott [weiter gelegenheit ihnen ein mehres anzuvertrauen zeiget] fie toeitcrg erlenj^tet. 6 Question XXIX in MSS. Falckner^s '■'■Curieuse Nachricht ,'''' 123 others the principal ones are music and painting ; we should seek thereby to come closer with them toward our true object, and induce a few at least to learn to read and write another language. Moreover, we should seek to draw them to us by all kinds of repeated friendly allure- ment and offerings of love ; being careful not to hold them so fast as to arouse their suspicion, as if we wanted to curtail their liberty, but rather to anticipate their wishes, before they tire of anything. For this purpose persons will be needed who have naught else to do. The 30th Question. How^ to introduce among them some of the general principles of religion.^ IF some of them could only have been brought up on the already mentioned lines, so that they understood the English or German tongue, then we could lead them to a knowledge of God through the story of the first crea- tion, and then by daily intercourse strengthen them, until God grants us further opportunity to show them greater confidence. 124 ^urieufe 9laii^nii^t tion ^ennft)(t)ania. 2)tc 31. Stage/ 2Sic man i^ncn realiter ha§ rcc^tft^affcnc SBcfcn cinc^ G^^riften tjor 5lugcn ftcKcn fiinnc, ba^ tfjucn ba^ Sic^t in bic 5(ugcn (curfjtc, nnb cinigc Swttt^ctt in i^rcm (^cmutl^ crmctfc. R. g[rj5(9l9l Mc uor^evgcfjcniic [XXVIII und XXIX] « l^ragcn "Oi mi)i practicirt toorJicn finb, ttlS&onit toirii man ctfl reji^t abfcfjcn, mic [man diese Frage beantworten soil] fcritcr p procedircn. 2)ie 32. Si'J^fle; Sic man mcinct, ha^ bic SSilbcn in Americam fommcn nnb 5ttiar bic nntcrft^icbli^c Nationes ? ^' C^^tnon fmH nntcrfii^icJiUii^c aJlcinunQcn. [welche denen (2f studio gcografhico geubten besser bekant sind als mir] JBc^ un§ \ji\i xsim Jiarfiir, bo^ iitc 8uiiifj|c Sn&ifl«ct toon Africa j^criificr fommcn. 2)tc 9lpriiifti|cn tion Jjcncn Insulis Azoribus okr ^ylonlitifi^ctt 3«futu. ^ic oltcn ©raffier oiicr ©titonnicr tooUcn [glaubwUrdig] bctocifcn, iia^ bor ctttian mc^r His 1000. ^a^rcn cin [einer oder zwey von ihren damaligen Konig sohnen] ^ux \%xtx ^onig§;Soljncn (naj^iicm i^rc ^dttigUll^C lyomifitt fojit gro^ tooriicn) [umb neues Land, welches man nahe bey zu finden vermeinet,] fi^ Jttit eilUgen t^rctt Untcrt^ancn jur @cc bcgcbcn, uitii [endlich] in Arme- niam Septentrionalem [angekommen sei] gef^iffet^ ba^cro bc^ Pencil Sniitoncrn m^ cine [onDcrfia^tc Jlotion kfiniiUr^, ' Question XXX in MSS. * Alludes to questions in original MSS. 8 Question XXXI in MSS. Falckner's ^'Curieuse Nachricht" 125 The 31st Qiiestion. How one could properly place before them the true, righteous nature of a christian, so that the light would shine into their eyes, and divers sparks awaken their nature. * V I 'FTER the 29th and 30th questions have been well f^ * ^ practiced, then we shall readily see how this question should be answered. The 32nd Question. How it is supposed that the savages came to America and in particular the different nations. * I* EREUPON there are different opinions, which are JL_X known better to such as are versed in geographical studies than to me.^'' With us, we hold that the southern Indians ^' came over from Africa, the Northern Indians from the Azores, or Flemish Islands. ^^ The ancient Gauls or Britons claim to have trustworthy proof that more than one thousand years ago one or two sons of the then reign- ing king (after the royal family had grown up) with a number of their subjects set out to sea, to discover new lands, which it was thought would be found nearby. Eventually they reached North America.^ This appears all the more probable, as there is said to have been found 126 ^urieufe 9laii§tiii^t ton ^ennf^ltiania. miH^t tit aiic @rallif(^c unti ^ritannifi^e ^ptaii\t m^ rekn fott. [welches dahero fast glaubwiirdig ist, weil sich eine Nation der Indianer findet welche die alte Gallische oder Britische Sprache auf eine gebrochene doch kentliche weise reden soil. Von welcher sache mir bey meiner wiederkunfft schriftliche zeugnisse und alte monumenta aufzuweisen versprochen worden.] 2)ic 33. Stflflc." 2Stc bcncn Silbcn btc ^cutft^c ubcr ©ngtift^e S^rac^c kt)5ul)riugcn ? R. [-(^TSlESE Frage] ^jt Uxtm [Qiiestion XXVIII] '^obctt L-^ 6eant)tlortet, unb fdnittC [dieses ware noch hinzuzu- fiigen dass] ttur^ iiurd^ frommc ^onictSsScutc [welche der wilden sprache erst wohl gelernet ein grosser Beytrag geshehen konte, wann man nur die rechte stange zu halten wiiste] cin fitoffcS in frcun&nri^cr Conversation bc^gctrogcn toierticn, tio(^ tniifte c3 tiuri^ feiitc anbcre gefi^c^en, a(g nur t)urii| iiic jcniQcn, tocld^c allcinc jur ®^rc @ottc8 an i^ncn cttnaS ten- titcn tooUcn. S)ic 34. S^flflc." OB ttit^t kt) i^rcn ^inbcrn foti^c;^ angcjn ? R» (!^iS® ^iniicr finii nicmn^lS o^ne bic ^(tcrn, noil^ Jiic '^ ®(tcrn o^nc iic tinier, tocitcn fic cine rci^tc 5(ffcn; fiicbe 3ttfammen l^nbcn : [deswegen man diesen Vortheii an *» Question XXXII in MSS. »* Question XXVIII in MSS. 12 Question XXXIII in MSS. ' Falckner's ^'■Curieuse Nachrichtr 127 a tribe of Indians, who still speak the Gallic or British tongue in a broken yet recognizable way. In regard to this matter, written proof and old documents are promised me upon my return.^ The 33rd Question. How to introduce the German or English tongue among the savages. mHIS question has already been answered in Question 29. We may add, however, that perhaps, by aid of pious tradespeople, who have learned the language of the savage, great knowledge might be gained how to bridle them.^^ However, this must and can be done by none save such as are willing to strive somewhat for God's glory. The 34th Question. Would such be possible with their children? mHE children are never away from their parents, nor the parents without their children, as they have a foolish fondness for their children.^^ Therefore, to gain 128 d^^uricufc 9lai^ti(§t Don ^pcnnf^Itiattitt. ihnen zu haben eine Colonie in der nahe ihrer meisten Heymath und cotirs anlegen miisste, so konte man jung und alt immer iteraiis victbus an sich locken.] SRitftc mott olfo cine Coloniam na^cr ju t^ncit baucn, &tt§ man na^cr bc^ i^nen toarc, unii ^^ungc uni) 5(Itc per quotidianam consuetu- dinem iteratis vicibus on fi(^ jic^cn fbiitc. 2)te 35. gragc." DB ttif^t frommc S^cutf^c bort i^rc ^tnbcr mit 5i*cuttb= (id)fctt an fit^ ^altcit, unb fie bcrgcftalt ^ur S^ra^c anicitcn fiinnem ^- (^S^®^® toorc mc|r [vor ein wunder gottlicher ^ schickung zu achten] al§ cinc SBnniicrfii^irfung ©Ots tc§, iiaitn [vor eine zulassliche moglichkeit ihrer natur und art] eg x^xtx 9latar unii 5lrt i^alicr unmofiHr^. 2)ic 36. Srflflc." 06 i^ncn nirJ^t auf folc^c SScifc gutc Principia Timoris Dei I)cl)5iiBrtngcn, barauf nod) fcrncr nnt^ nnb nat^ @ntc^ 5n crfcancn? R- ^^^^^^ i5r(i0c ift au8 tior^crgc^cniicn attfji^on bconltoor- -"^ tct [welchem ich iiber das Exemfel der Presbyte- riane?' in iVot^m gclcBct, c^c bic ^uro^ftcr ^inetn fommcn ? R . f^^^^t fo toic nun, nur H^ i^rcr cine pbffcrc SJlcngc gc: ^ toc)cn, unii t^rc§ ©ottcSiiicttfteg \>iti ciffctiftcr oftgctoars iti [also nun] iJtt^cro J)ic JBcrjtaiitiigftc untcr i|ncn dicfc on bencn ^niro^ticrn angcnommcn ? R. /tlll2!(?tS itnl) SBiifeg. @inc ntc^rcrc Scutfc(ig!cit unD ™ 58cgicrJ)c attcr^anii 9lcucS ju fc^eii, unJ) i)affc(bigc nai^s gtttttoi^cn. [Einige] 9la(^ uttfcrct *i(rt wit JBiij^fcn ju f(^ic|fcn, [werk machen um] Jicit Sci6 JU bciicrfcil, [allerhand unter- schied von Dingen, von Kanfmannsvvaaren und Geld etc.] ©diijc^fctt, (©al^cffctt, Stoniittieitt: unii ©icr trimfcii, @ctoitr(^= effcn, ttttil ©(^tocincflcifr^ Cffcn, [der gleichen sie vorhero nicht gehabt] H^tvo fic uttfcrn ^tanf^citcn untcrtoorfcn :c. [und sterben] au^ iiarnc&en ni^i mcljr fo frud^tftar fwii, aU fit bors Ijeto toaren. S^e((^eg aUcr 9lationen HUif^ ctn na^ticnf(i(^e3 [nachdriickliches] Nota Bene fct)tt foltc, lltt^ fic ttir^t (cii^t i|tC 2iiot [in einem frembden Lande fahren lassen] fn^rcit laffcn, unii fii!^ an liic ^rt ftcm6i)cr ^nfiimUngc gcuiii^ncn fo(tcn. 1' Question XXXVIII in MSS. »8 Question XXXIX in MSS. Falckner's '•'-Ctirieiise Nachrichty 135 The 39th Question. How they lived prior to the advent of the Europeans. ^-^UST the same as now, only that their numbers were 1 much greater, and they were much more zealous in their worship than now. Consequently the wise ones among them have the same plaint that one now hears everywhere: "That our generation does not live as well as our ancestors." The 40th Question. What they have adopted from the Europeans. ^'^{OOD and evil: A more humane disposition to see \2i/ all sorts and manners of what is new, and to imi- tate the same. Thus some want to shoot with the rifle according to our manner ; others make cloth ^^ to cover their bodies ; they learn all kinds of distinctions in mer- chandize, money, etc., the eating of salt; the drinking of brandy and beer; the eating of spices, also pork and the like, which they never had before. By all these things the}^ were subjected to our diseases and death ; further they are likewise not nearly so prolific as they were form- erly, which should be a fair and forcible warning ^^ to all people that they should not readily abandon their own diet in a foreign land, and adopt that of strange nations. 136 ^urteufe 9la(|n(^t toon ^ennf^tbania. "^^ tuo^t bcfiniicn, jo foii^ctt fie fr^toorjc 9lu§sJ)liniicn in SBttffcr, unJi triurfcn c§ in groffcr 9)Un%t, HnDcn fi(^ umb iicn Sci& nn& ^o)iff wit 8tnrfen ttu§ tnilJJcn §an|f. 2. ®ie [(^ttii^cn ouf fotgcniic '^Kxi : 8ic mat^cn cine niciirigc §ittte, fo ^0^ ba^ fte nut toarinncn ft^en fiinnen, betocdcn fie U^ ttttf Uic ©rJic mit ©annis^iniicn unii mit lyeffcn, nnii ntat^en l^crauffcn toot toct §iittcn ctlij^c gtiicntoc @tcinc, toic ttagcn fie in cin Soi^ in iict §iittcn, fc^cn fii^ toatiibct, unb f(i^ttJi^cn fo violent unto ftatif, toa^ toie (^ttoe untct i^nen na| mitto, fo unmoglir!^ toon einem ^uto^iact au^geftantocn mcttoen fan. SBann fie nun genug gefi^toiil^et, fo (ouffen fie fjetou§ unto f^Jtingen in eineu folten S3af^, iJoniit fiuii fit eutitt. 3. ®ie ^aben eine 2Butt?e(, fo toie S^Iongen toettteifiet, meldje fie an toag ^ein bintoen, unto lauffen toamit tout(^ toen 2Ba(to, unto ne|nten feinen 8(^tttoen toon Sj^langen. §oben fie abet toiefe SBut^el nii^t, unto tatv'Qtn toon 8i^(angen gebiffen, fo fi^neitoen fie g(eii^ toen !^i^ au3 toem ^leifii^. 4. ©efr^toutftcn, ^(iiffe, JBettcnrfungen toet ©(ietoet ju eutiten, tott taffen fie e8 bluten, miti fdjneitoen mit einem fii^otffen Stein, 0I8 ein ^(intenftein toie §ant toutii^, o^ne toa§ fie eine 5(toet toets U^tn, metr^eg fie too^I p untetf(i§eitoen toiffen, unto l^olten toaS @(ieto bei) tott§ ^euet, unto ne^men ein §o($, f^aben toamit tooS Slut ah, tott^ e§ md\t getinnen fan, bi^ e§ au§geb(utet f^ai, toann toof(^en fie toie 2©untoen mit 2Soffet ab, unto i^aben getoiffe 2But^s e(n, toiefe quctfr^en [it jttiif^en jtoe^ ©teine, unto (egen fie mit toenigen gtiinen ©(attetn itbet, too§ ^e^tet in einet 9ltt(^t. ^^ Not among the original Questions. Falchier's ^'■Ctirieuse Nachricht'"' 137 The 41st Question, (The following eight questions do not appear in the original MSS.) Concerning the diseases and cures of the Savages. 1. When they have feverish attacks, or do not feel well, they boil the black hulls of nuts" in water and drink large quantities of it, and bind themselves about the abdomen and head with bands of wild hemp. 2. They sweat themselves in the following manner, they build a low hut, just high enough to permit them to sit upright, they cover it down to the ground with bark and skins, they then heat some stones outside to a red heat, and place them in a hole within the hut, and then sit over them causing them to sweat so powerful and violently as to wet the earth beneath them, which would be impossible for any European to endure. When they have sweated sufficiently, they run out and plunge into a cold stream.'*^ Then they are cured. 3. They have a root which drives away the snakes, this they bind about their legs, and run through the woods, and receive no injury from the snakes. However, if they have none of this root, and are bitten by the snakes, they immediately cut the bite out of the flesh. 4. To cure swellings, humors or sprains (dislocations) of the limbs they let them bleed and cut with a sharp stone, generally a piece of flint, through the skin, without injur- ing any artery, which they well know how to distinguish^ they then hold the member near the fire, and with a piece- of wood scrape off the blood that it cannot coagulate, until it has ceased bleeding, then they wash the wound, with water, and have certain roots which they bruise between 138 ^udeufc 9laj^rt(i^t tien ^cnnftjUJonia. 5. SBtttttt fie ©(i^iffcru in iiic ^it^ gctrcttcn ^okn, [0 fdjnci; iicn fie eg mtt cinem SSJleffer rein ott§, unU fi^mieren un BH^im: %tns^tii ttit 2Suttlien, unii ^eileng toiciier. 6. S5or innerli^e ^uf^ttwi^f ffff« fif i^if ^^cittf ©eiiorme fo mit f^ett betoai^fen, ton iiencii jungen X^ieren. 2)ie 42. Stage. 2Ba^ bic SBilbcn fiir ^ricg fii^ren ? R- (5NS^ 2Si(iictt ^abeii felten ^riciie, unii toer&en iion i^ren ^ eigenen ^lationett angefo^ten, unii fdnncii »)ie Hrfaii^ett lion geringet ^yeintifii^afft ^ergenommen toertien, oiier aui|, toann ftc einoniier in iiaS ©ebiet^e jagcn. S^r ^eti^ten gefi^ii^t erft(if^ in einjelcn ^art^c^en, H 9)Um unii 9Wann oiier 2. 3. mit einanber fr^Iagen, nnii folii^eS mit JBogen, 5(eften, ^lii^ren, fylintcn, unJi tt^m folrfjcS gcmeinigUr^ ttnf Jier ^agt, da nefjmen fie einantier gefangen, nnd DerJauffen iiie ©efjingene. 2Bttnn fi^ after die ^iiiertoartige fammeln, nnii fie eine Si^laj^t Oriinung marten, So tretten fie in einen ^rei^, titt^ iier ^yeinli ouf alien 8eiten i^rc 5(ngefi(^ter fe^cn fan, nnU toann ciner totit gcfc^offen toirii, oJier Mcffirt, fo ftoffcn fie )Qi^tn in ien (Trei^ l^inein, nnii mac^en tJen ^rai^ enger. fflSann fie ©efongene befomen, fo berfanffcn fie ein ©tiiif 2. 3. i)er i^-etteflcn, nnii braten fie, nnii effen fie, toeilen affe @iiii(i^e Sniiianer glankn, iia wan fit^ an feinem ifeiniie nif^t kffer ro(^cn fiinne, eg fet| iiann iia^ man fein ^yleifr^ freffe, pma!^( fie ant^ iitt§ f^(eif(^ ifjreg gfei^en |o^er aii^Un a(§ alle§ 26i(ii|jrett, ttn§ iier llrfadjen, iia^ iiie S^rige nij^t faf^igt, foniiern gan^ fitffe finii, lia ^ingegen iiie (gngeffoniier nnii iyranjofen fe^r fat^ig nnii nngeft^matf toaren. Falckfier^s ^^Cwieuse IVachrtcht.'' 139 two stones, and lay upon it with some green leaves, this heals in a single night. 5. When they run any splints into their feet, they cut the wound out clean with a knife, and smear snake fat in the wound, then it heals. 6. For internal conditions, they eat the small sebaceous intestines of young animals. The 42nd Question. The warfare of the Savaoes. •pJ^HE savages are seldom at peace, and are attacked Vi/ b}^ their own kind, the causes may arise from trifling enmities or when they trespass in the chase upon each others territory. Their fighting in the first instance consist of small parties, where man fights with man, or two or three battle with one another, this they do with bows, axes, guns and rifles, and it generally occurs when they are out upon the chase, they also make captives and sell the prisoners. When, however, their opponents gather, and they form an order of battle, they arrange themselves in a circle, so that upon all sides their faces are turned toward the enemy and when one is shot dead or wounded, they draw within the circle, thus making it smaller. When they take any prisoners, they sell two or three of the fattest to be roasted and eaten, as all Southern Indians believe that one can have no greater revenge upon their enemies, than by eating their flesh, at the same time they regard the flesh of the natives better than all venison, for the reason that the savage meat is not salty but good and sweet, while upon the other hand, that of the Englishman and French is very salty and tasteless.*^ 140 Suncufc 9ltti^ri(i^t toon ^cnttftjltoonio. Sic k&icncn fid^ affcrfjttitii ^ricgSfiftc, i^rc (ycinae ju it&crs tuinUctt, fo ttio^t cinjcfc, atg mit gonl^cn ^art^cticn. ^injclc, iio^ fic observitctt tiic SlSccgc iicr ^art^c^cn, totii fit fo(t^c§ gcs nott observitctt fottnctt ttu§ iictt Straui^ctt ««& 03ro§, oug tocls ^cm fic Qctui^ abttc^mctt fdttttctt, o& cin 9)Umi oiicr ^yrau, citt ^inti, citt @ttro|ioct oiicr SSiliicr iinriiOcr flattgctt. Item pciQCtt fic in tier 9ltt(^t auf tiic ^o^ctt ^crgc, wttli fc^ctt l^ict Mttii iior ptt, tiio ftc (5cucr ttttii §oii} gcttiafjt tticriictt, JinrHndj gc^ctt fic 3M, ttttti fotttttictt ott tier att&cni Scitctt Mom ^ycttcr ifjttcu ttttf iictt Scib, Mttii tiiiitctt oticr frijicffctt fic ttiatttt fic fdjiaffctt (gegcn liic *-Partf)ct)Ctt Qc(irtttt(^ctt fic iJCtt 25ort(jc(, iirt§ [ic fic itt iiic (ittflc ttcibctt, iiatttit fic fic fdnnctt gcfottflctt ttc^ttictt. llnli liiciCctt iiic t^tonjoictt ct(idjc bcfcfjtct fjabctt, die ttutt tictt Sottttfag fctjrctt, fo fontmctt (lie atttici'tt, fa fcittctt Sotttttag fc))crn, uttti iibcrfaKctt fic. 2)ie 43. Srage. 35on htx Silbcn i^rcn cigcntHc^cn §auPa(ten ? R. CI;§91(^ SBo^ttttttQ ift att fcittcni OcftattiiiGCtt Ortc, iiartttttb \j ttttrfj i^tc g>au^f)tt(tttn8 bcrrittiicrliii^, iia^ §tttt^ ift bi§= tocilctt tttt cittcttt ttttctt (icgcttJictt ©aum gcmoi^t, ttiatttt cS abcr citt gon^cS ift, fo ftc()ct c§ frct|, ift abcr ttur 9Jitttttt^ i^oi^, in &cr 9Kittctt obctt ift c8 offctt, iia§ iier Olttud^ ticg ^ycttcrS, fo WtiUn in Jicr §iittctt ift, ^inoMg jic^cn foH. ^u §'iiiU\i ift mit *Jiitts bctt tiott ©ttttmcn jttQciicift, nttti rittg§ ^etttot ttiit ticrgtcir^ctt nets ttitt^rct, itttticttiiig ^ttbctt fic c8 mit Strof), oticr mit (ottgcm ©rafc umbfcl^ct, ctti^c marfjctt Sn^cjcrctjctt tiott geftirbtcm 8tro§, ttnii jicrcn itjr §tttt§, tocI^cS itt i^rct S|>roj^ $i>irfttinm Ijciffct. Sm foil iia^ fic attffcr^otb iic8 ^ottfcg crgriffcH mcrtictt bott cincm 9icgcH, ttcljmcH fic cittc bc^ fi(^ ^abcniic 2)erfc, f^ottttctt fic ^^ r^- ^Si' o c m c CO m 2 > O I o 4J^ Falckners ^'■Curiexise Nachricht.^^ 141 They use all kinds of stratagem to overcome their ene- mies, whether single or in parties. Singly, they examine the tracks of parties and by the accurate observation of the bushes and grass, can tell positively whether it was a man, woman or child, European or Savage had passed over the ground. Likewise, they climb high mountains at night, and spy about, here and there, to catch sight of any fire in the woods. Then they approach from the other side of the fire, attack, and kill or shoot them, while they are asleep. Against parties they take advantage to hem them in, so that they may capture them. And now as the French have converted divers of them, who now keep the Sabbath, such as do not keep the Sabbath sur- prise and attack them upon that day. The 43d Question. Of the domestic life of the savages. mHEIR dwellings are in no settled place and their housekeeping is variable. It is occasionally made against an old fallen tree, but when it is a complete one, it stands clear, but is only the height of a man. It is open in the middle, so that the smoke of the fire, which is in the center of the hut, may escape. The huts are covered with the bark of trees and are thus protected, the interior is lined with straw or long grasses, some weave mats out of colored straw to ornament their huts, which in their lan- guage they call a wickwam. If they are overtaken by a rain when away from home, they take a mat, which they carry, and stretch it out like a roof, and sit under it, or 14:: ^uricufc 9lo(i^rtri^t tion *^»cnitft)Iijanio. ttut^ UJtc citt Tod), unii fcljcu fi^ iiaruntcr, oiicr madjcit tin po^ lyfucr, uiii) tocrffcn nllcrliaiiii fau( ^>oll^ liarnuf, iiu^ c^ bid 9lau(^ phi, (cflcn fn^ nn ticfclbiflc Scitcii, Dii iicr JUMuii iicn }Hau(!^ j^inuicljct, )o 3crtl)cilct i)cr OUud^ Den iHcflc"/ «Hi» tint^ Uittti no(| auf fic fiiUt, ift Hurd) ticn OUu(^ uuti i)tc (^Uut luurm luoriicn. :i]itt it)rcr .^li'tttcn fil^cn fic ouf JBiifd^ctu C^ka§ oiicr f>irf(i^fcttcn. Uiii) iic^ 9h(f)t^ iJcrfcn fic fid) mit iicrfllcidjcn, oiicr mit ciiicm iSarcnfcU, oiicr mit ciiicr JH^flllcnc Tcrfc, oiJcr wit cincr Icrfc noil CittlcunciuJvcHcru |rl)r fiinfttidj jufommcn gcliiiirrfct, unii iici)mcn iiic !(cinftcn Miniicr ciiu^ ux )ii} an Qcib, uitt) cin^ an Hen JHiirfcn. 2)ie 44. S^agc. SBon bcr SSilbcii iljrcm Apaufjrat^c. R. C\OJH C^au^rtttlj kftcljct tiou cincm Stiirf toon cincm afigcs \5 l)aucncn JBinimc, oiscr nud) licr nod) mit tier JllMirljel im (^rnniie feft fteljet, in iien brennen |le in iier tlHitten mit 3(^UJam= men ein Soc^, ale einc tieffe 5(^ii)fe( oDet tWorfner ()inein, Hxuu nen ftoffen )le il)r CoitJimiil'd) A\orn, iitttuon fie Scroti baifen, ti)eld)eS )le !i|.^onn nennen, unti andj 3n^|)en tiation fodjen, Uield^e fie 2apan nennen. 2a^ S\oxn lje|>renflen )le mit J^eiffem !!!Btt))er, unii ftnm^ffen e^, H\^ iie «d)iittle fjerab flcljet, nnii ftoffen e§ flein, foi(nnger§, ®tper otier @(|ottflf(|, toel^e im t^J^ii^sSo^r fc^t l^nufig gcfangcn unU eingefal^en toers Falckner's '■'■Ctir tense Nachr icht .''^ 147 fattened they sell them to the Europeans for rum, as they do not esteem pork highly. The 45th Question. Of the animals to be found in Pennsylvania. mHERE are bears, panthers, deers, which are not so large as in Europe, though fatter and of a better taste, white does and elks. Further in the forest towards the southwest there are wild oxen and wild cows, lynx and wild cats, which do great damage to the larger game, as they spring from the trees upon the backs of the animals. Two kinds of wolves, black and grey, of these the black ones are the worst, but they do not attack people. Foxes, racoons, skunks, hares, squirrels, black and grey, very large and fat, also a sort of flying squirrels and red mice like unto the common dormouse. The 46th Question. What kind of aquatic animals are there } EAVER in quantity, they remain dry under water all the time, which does not adhere to the hair on account of its sleekness, they eat fish and catch the ducks. Fish otters, minks, which smell like martens. Muskrats, whose skins when laid among clothing, are a sure pre- ventative against moths. Turtles great and small which creep into the mud during the winter. Porpoises, sturgeon, springers (salmon?). Shad fish which are caught in great 148 ^urtcufe 9lac^ri(i^t toon ^cnnf^ltinio. iictt, fini) uttgcmcin fctt, unii toic 8tt|e, nut bo^ ^c cinigc fictne ©rtitctt im ^(ctfj^ ^a6cn. :3tootffcr Oder 9lodf, ttn»> ^romfifr^. Item 8tt(fcr§ Horn Sougcn, tocil fie i)o§ ©riinc im SBan'^r fougcn, 93or|ing 3toc!jcr(ci|, Sonncnfifr^, toclc^c a(§ ®ilkt Ui:ii ©o(ii gtottl^cn, ^orcllcn, §cr^tc, blcibcn in iiicfcm Soniic gan^ Hcin, toeikit fie feine mataftige lifer ^aben. ^^rebfe au(^ lf(eine tuegen mangelng maraftigen Itfetn. ^a(en, 9leunaugen unb allet^anti ®ee^fii^e. 2Ba^ gi6t c§ bann fiir fdjabUd)c X^kx im 2Baffcr ? R. ft]fS(er|ttnii $(rt ©(^(angen, iiie iiur^S SBaffer fj^toitttmen too fie i(jrei: Wttr^tig toer&en fdnneit, freffcn. liefer Sf^langen 8ti^ ift nidjt tiititlii^, fantietn ge^et mit einer ft^neHen ^i^toeU lung toie&erum borbetj. 9luf bent !Sanbe gi6t eS Oiattel:8(^langen, toeli^e im jtoeiten ^tt^rc ^attetn Iticgen, unb fo bid ^a^re [it alter tocrben, fo biel ^otteln me^t, bicfc ^aben ^ii^ne, bur^ tocli^e fie \icn @ifft insi- nuircn. ®ie bcrme^ren fir^ buti^ @!)ertegen, Hxhtl^ boi^ bie <©onne M^ befte t^un mu^, i^re 9la$rung finb f^rofi^e, ^riiten, SBiefel, toann i^ren Keinen ^ungen ein 2^ier ober SJlenfji^e ju no^e lommt, fo friej^cn fie tok^^tv in bie S^Jluttet l^inein. kt^^ biefen fmb S^i^etn grou bon Solent toie ©t^iffct, toann fie im i^elbc liegen, l^aften fie ben ^o^iff in bie @tbe berborgen, nnb toann man fie irritiret, geben fie einen fiaut bon fi^, toie eine liofe ^a^e. Slattern fmb Heine gefii^toinbe unb riit^li^e ®i|lans gen, i^r ©an^ fie^et 8afftangetb, m^ alfo ein iiberanS bergiffs Utt^ X^itt. 5lu^ gibt e§ brctjcrlc^ 5li?t ^riifi^e. 1. eine aWittelgattnng, toie bie unferige in 2eutf(^tanb. 2. eine fleincw Falckner's ''Curieuse Nachricht:' 149 numbers in spring and salted down, they are exceedingly fat, just like salmon, only that they have small bones in the flesh, rock and drum fish. Likewise suckers, from sucking as they suck the greens in the water, perch two kinds, sunfish, which shine like silver and gold, trout, pike, are very small in this country as they have no muddy shores. Crabs are also small for the same reason, eels, river lampreys and all kinds of sea fish. The 47th Question. What kind of dangerous animals are there in the waters ? dm "LL kinds of snakes, that can swim in the water, fj^-^ these are attacked by the turtles, who eat such as they can overcome. The bite of these snakes is not deadly, but soon passes away after a quick swelling. Upon the land there are rattlesnakes, who in their second year get rattles, and as many years as they get older, so many more rattles, they have fangs, through which they insert poison. They increase by laying eggs, wherewhh the sun, how- ever, must do the best part. Their food consist of frogs, toads, weasels. When either man or beast comes too near their young, they crawl into the mother. Next to these are the vipers, grey of color like slate, when they lay in the field they hide their head in the ground, when irritated, they make a noise like an angry cat. Adders are small, quick and redish snakes, their belly is a saffron yellow, and an exceedingly poisonous animal. There are also three kinds of frogs: (i) a middle species, like ours in Germany ; (2) a smaller kind, which sings so fine, as the 150 ^ttdcufc 9lo^rirf)t tion ^cnnf^Itiania. %xt, incite fo fcin ftngct, tt(§ ttiic k^ utt§ tiic Siot^ftut^cn. Uttii 3. cine fc^r gtojfc 5trt, J)ic gibt eincii greudt^cn ©clout, H^, too man iic3 8ommcr§ cincn Oafclbft jum 9la(^6atn ^at, fo iiarff wan lic§ 9lo(^tnjtt(^tcr§ unii fcincg §orng nii^t, tocil cr f(ci[iig H^ 3u ^agc au§^a(t mit H^trcn mti ruifcfcn mic cin jungc £)(i^l. 5(nbctc ^(cinigfcitcn, iiic nodj m SBaffcr jinii, ju ficfi^toctgcn. SBa^ fic^ct man bann auff bcncn 2Baffcr=5(uffctt fur Xt)icxt ft^toimmctt ? R. /^^G^^tooncn, ®anfc, ^rani^c, ^nlitcn, ^cigcr, %^Ux ^ 3toc^cr(ctj 9(rt : ^incn fltoffcn [(^toarl^cn mit cincn tocilfcn ^fl))ff unii rotten 5(ugcn, unti iionn cine Hcinerc %ti, i)ic fi^ mcijitcng au§ iicm 2Sajfcr na^rct. ^alccun oUcr toclfi^c ^itncr a. 20. M^ 30. ^fun&, ^lofancn, Jpatrifcn, Saukn, nnii louffigcS !(cinc§ ©ctoogel, al§ S^otttiogcl, ^a^oogct, iicr Sogct rotpori)§, G^^ormcjins uuii ^lurornrot^. Unii tiann cin SKunftcr aUtv 9iatitot, cin 2>oBc(cin fo gto^ al§ cin ©licii an cincm ficincn fyingcr, §umntc(batt gcnannt, tocilcn cr fcinc ^ftiigcl Oon ^ciicrn, foniicrn ^ummctspgct l§at. <©onft find fcinc ^ciicrn fidft unii griin, unii ^ot fnr^c ^ii^gcn, fc^tocfit ftct§ in iicr Sufft, unii faugct mit fcincm 8(^nak(cin (ujc((!^c§ (anger a(§ fcin ^ilrs ptv ift) iiaS ^cttc in iicr ©lumc unii J8tiit|c, iio^cro cr niii^t cl^cniicr ju fc^cn ift, M^ ©lumen fmii, unii fo featii iiic JBhimcn Hcrge^cn, fo tommet cr ^intoeg, unii ttiei^ nicmonii too cr bfcikt, mon mn^ c§ faft mc^r fitr cin ©cfknft nnii @eifi, at§ Oor cine toiirrf(i(!^c G^rcatur, feincr ©cfii^toiniiigfcit l^alkr, oii^tcn. Scin ^cftgcn ift fo gro^ toic cine groffe 9lu§ftOa(e. 8onft gibtS @to§oogc(, §aMdjt, @u(cn, ^ofcr, 9iaukn, ^cufd^rcrfen, SBc^is fen unii §orniiffcn :e. Falckner's ^^Curieuse IVachrtcht." 151 brown frogs *' with us, and (3) a very large kind, that emit an abominable bark, so that when one has one of these for a neighbor in the summer, there is no need of any night watch with his horn, as he keeps diligently on until day, with a bellowing and roaring like a young bull. Other trifling things that are in the waters I will omit. The 48th Question. What animals are to be seen swimming upon the water courses? SWANS, geese, cranes, ducks, herons. Of eagles there are two kinds, a great large one with a white head and red eyes, and then a smaller sort which chiefly lives upon the water. Calecunes or turkeys of 20 or 30 pounds. Pheasants, partridges, pidgeons and many smaller birds as Mocking bird, catbird, red birds, crimson and aurora red, and then a wonder of all curiosities, a bird no larger than the joint of a little finger, called Htmimelhart (Humming bird), so called as it has no wings of feathers but hummel wings. ^^ Otherwise their feathers are yellow and green and they have short legs and constantly hover in the air, and sucks with his bill (which is longer than its body) the richness in the flower and blossom. Therefore they are not to be seen until there are flowers, and as soon as the flowers are over, it goes away, and no one knows where it remains, it seems almost more of a ghost or spirit than an actual creature, on account of its great swiftness. Its nest is as large as a nutshell. In addition there are birds of prey, hawks, owls, bugs, caterpillars, grasshoppers, wasps and hornets. 152 G^utieufe 9lai^riii§t tion ^ennf^ltiania. 20 2)ie 49. grage; OB nit^t [wenn man fromme] Sal^ttJCtrfct ^tttCttt 5U ft^trfctt, bit btc (Sal^qucffc Bet) Philadelphia [mit grossen Vortheil zu gebrauchen und durch solche denn das gute dort befordert wer- den konte ?] in bcn ©aiig Bm^tcn ? R- (^S^^^ 8ttl^qttcffc [ist meines Erachtens] lit^i mt^t '^ Hnn 10. 9Jlci(s2Bcc6§ toon Philadelphia [nord-west] 9lov'ii)Xitti§, ijit [ist aber vor gegenwartig nichts daran zu thun] bi§ dato Jiarttmb nii^t ^irobirt, iiictocUen tin UbctfKu^ bon @ol^ anlJcrtticrtl ciuQcbrar^t toirli. [es bleibet dieses zum Profit zu] ^ic futtfftiQc *Mu86rcitunft unii S^cmcl^rttng iier S)ic 50. S-mgc;' D6 ntt^t [so] auf^ [mit] fromme S^ergleute Jincin ^u ff^irfctt? R- (^S^®^ fonntcn no^ cl^cniicr employrt tocrkn [und ''^ diirfte bald nach ihnen gefragt werden] Ultil fottlts ten immittler gfit [doch] i^r Scbcn bc^ anJicrcr ^thtit und 2>ic^C ^Ulfit cr^oltcn. [unterhalten] 2" Question XL in MSS. 21 Question XLI in MSS. Falckrier^s '■'■Curieuse Nachricht.'''' 153 The 49th Question. If pious saltworkers*^ were sent over to develop the saline springs near Philadelphia, could they not be used with great profit, and through them further that which is good ? yTpYHE saline springs, according to my judgment, are J I [ more than ten miles ^^ from Philadelphia toward the Northwest, but up to the present time they have not been developed, nor has there even been any attempt to do so, as there is a superfluity of salt brought here from elsewhere ; so the future development remains for the steadily increas- ing population here. The 50th Question. How about pious miners? YTTHESE could the more readily find employment here, J I [ and perhaps would soon be in demand. In the meantime they could support themselves by other labor or cattle-raising. 154 ^urieufe 9lai^ri(^t tion ^ennf^ltiania. 5)ic 51. S-rooc." Desideratur tint Geographifri^c ^cft^rct^ung tion Pen- sylvanicn, [VirginicnJ unb anbcrn na^c gc(cgc= ucu Sdnbcni unb ^nfuln ? K. ^^(B^(^^ ton tor gcgctttajiirtig nir^t Iciftcn, foil akr, 06 '^ @C)tt toiff, unb i(^ kht, ncjjjfteni gef^cl^cn. [soil aber laiit meinem Versprechen, ob Gott will und ich lebe, die- selbe erfolgen und zwar dexire sine ^rcejudiciis und frei- willigen Fehlern, so entweder aus ignorantz und Nach- lassigkeit oder mangel an Judicii entstehen konnen] 2Btc t^ mi bcr Correspondenz in Americam unb ^cr= ran^ 5n Jaltcn ? R. r^^IE Corres'ponde7itz muss ihre gewisse Adresse L-^ haben] ^icfc crforbett 4. gctoiffc Adresscn. ^tnc l^iet in Patria. ^ic anbcrc in C^oIIonb. 2)ic btittc in ^nget; (onb. llnb bic bicrbtc in America, [davon zu einer andern zeit] 22 Question XLII in MSS. 23 Question XLIII in MSS. Falckner's ^^Curteuse Nachricht ,^'' 155 The 51st Question. A geographical description of Pennsylvania and ad- jacent countries and Islands. HOR the present this cannot be rendered. But ac- cording to my promise, if God will and I live, this shall follow, and indeed dextre sine ^raejudicus and vol- untary errors, which could arise either out of ignorance, negligence or lack of Judtaim in which our geographical descriptions thus far abound. The 52nd Question. How about correspondence with America and from thence outward. ^ HE correspondence must have a peculiar address, giving one direction in Germany, another in Hol- land, a third in England, and a fourth in America. Of this, more at another time. 156 ^^urtcufe 9lo^rir^t Hon ^cnnftjlbania. S)tc 53, %taQt:' £)^ ni^t affer^anb ^anbtocrrfcr barinncn fort fommcn ? unb ttjclt^c furnc^mltrf) ? R. (^5(915(91 iji nia^t bcr Qcringftc gtocip. ^ic not^tocnbigs ''^ ftctt abet finb : [welche man im taglichen Gebrauch nicht entrathen kan als] ru(frci)s5(noriinun8 trauc \^ att^icf nirfjt ktj unfcrm iiur mc^r ilngliiif uuii difadenz angcrii^tct toirii. ^o(§ ift ficrcitS cine JU Philadelphia ongertl^tct. [So diirfen auch keine Englische Schriften ausserhalb Engelland gedruckt in Engelland eingefiihrt werden. Zudem observire ich bey Gelegenheit der Pabstlichen religion etwas, welches mir in gewissen Stiicken nicht ungereimt vorkommt, nemlich, dass sie aus einem stratagcmate ecclesiastico politico denen Leuten viel ausserliche Gottesdienste, Feyer-Tage, Messen und dergleichen aufgeleget haben ; und ob sie wohl iiber die Schrift die Patrcs und statuta ecclesiae zu ihrem canone nehmen, so lasset doch der ohne das mit Gottesdienst iiber- haufte Hauffe der (der) Layen das scrutinium jidci der aiictoritati vii'oruin gern iiber und bleiben also niedrig und gebeugt. Dahero ihr ausserliches Regiment nicht mit so viel Secten und Rotten verunruhiget worden kan. America halt den Menschen unter ausserlicher Ubung : Adam bauet das Land und wartet seines Viehes, welches lauter Buch- staben und Biicher sind, dabei ihn sein Schopfer selbst in der Danksagung ex tempore lehret und aufsagen heisset. 1st Zeit iibrig, so is die heilige Schrift nebst der Kirchen- Historie und Arndii Biichern Buchs genug, vor solche die einer Anleitung von nothen haben. Zur Druckerey woUte ich wol rathen weil ich aber sehe den greulichen Missbrauch und daher entstehendes Ubel welcher doch umb dessent- willen man rebus sic stantibus in Europa nicht entbehren kan : so traue ich unserm verfiihrerischen sceptischen und satyrischen Z3.r\\i-Seculo nicht viel, wollte auch nicht gern helfen Ungltick anrichten nachdem ich schon proben davon Falckner's '•'•Curietise IVachricht." 159 ture printed outside of England is permitted to be imported into the country. I will observe upon this occasion some- thing concerning the Papal religion which in certain par- ticulars does not seem to me inconsistent, namely, that they have imposed upon their people, out of a Stratagemate ecclesiastico -politico^ many outward forms of worship, holy days, masses and the like ; and although they take for their canons those of the priests and statuta ecclesicB above those of Holy writ, yet the mass of the laity are not bur- dened with divine services but gladly leave the Scrutmhmi Jidei to the aiictoritati virorttm^ and remain lowly and humble. Therefore their outward organization cannot be disturbed by so many sects and factions. America holds man under an external training. Adam tills his land and tends his cattle, all of which are letters and books, wherein his creator personally in- structs him in thanksgiving, and asks him to remember what he has learned. If there is time to spare, then the Holy writ, together with sacred history and Arndt's^^ works, are books enough for such as have heed of guid- ance when in dire straits. As to a printing office, I would well approve of one ; but when I see the abominable abuse made of it and the resulting evils (which we, however, for that reason, rebus sic stantibus^ cannot spare in Europe), I do not trust our seductive, sceptical and satirical quarrelsome seculum. Further, I should not like to be a party to cause any cal- amity, as I have already seen proof thereof in America. But I should not object provided strict and accurate regula- tions of the press were enforced. According to my latest advices from Pennsylvania, from a letter dated September 17, 1699, I learn that besides the printing office in New York, another has been set up in Philadelphia.^^ At the i6o G^^uncttfc 9lor§ni3^t toon 5J>cnnf^It)ttnta. aiich in America gesehen : es ware dann dass man scharfe und genaue Ordnung des Driicks halber machen wollte. Laut letzterer Brieffe vom 7 September 1699 aus Pennsyl- vanien verstehe, dass man iiber die Druckerey in Newjork noch eine in Philadelphia angeleget hat, bey welcher Ge- legenheit nachst kiinftig einige teutsche Schriften in eng- lisch und frantzosisch daselbst ubersetzen und also zum Druck noch gut befinden und Vermogen wird befordern konnen, bis der Drucker sich auch mit teutschen Buchsta- ben wird versehen haben.] 2)ie 55> t^racje." Sic tnan Scute cinc^ rcc^tcn Philadelphif^cn @ctftC)§ tJOtt [Schweden, Engellandern, Deutschen, und von] alien JKcIigionctt, fo barinncn finb, uff5u= fud)cn ^ahtf bic 5U ^cfiirbcrung bc§ SBcrrf^ bc^ $@rrcn ctnanbcr bic $anb Hc= t^cn fiJnncn ? -^ Sectcn unii ^art^c^cn i^tc 9}luttcr=9Jltttt(c tooltcn bcrs laugnen, unti mit einankr ing %k\^t Otci^t iiuri^ eine l^rittiers Hi^e Resignirte Sicbe§;Resolution cinge^en, fo iiiirffte man fir| ni^t tiici kkntfcn: @ottc§ SBerrf toiittic fii^ fetbften trciben; Itni) pm toenigjiten liinnte eg tion ung, atg tion ung nic^t aufges l^otteii meriien. Sn^toif^cn befommt ein pter SDleiftcr toici ^uns tien, tiarum tnn§ ein $(ufang fe^n, uni) tiie !Sie6e mn^ eine %xhtit ^ahtn, Hnn ftnliet fi^ tiag 99littel trnri^ SKittet. 26 Question XIe(. [Ob nun dieses die jun- gen weibern auch also und zu aller Zeit thun, babe aus der Acht gelassen. Davon mehrere Gewissheit so wir leben] 2' Question XLVJI in MSS. 28 Question XLVIII in MSS. Falckner^s '■^ Ctirietise JVachricht." 163 who has all human hearts in his hands and directs them like a water course, is ready to further any pure and simple undertaking. The 56th Question. To what age do the savages attain? YnpYHERE are but few of them known to us who are J M [ sixty to seventy years old. Formerly they lived to the age of a hundred. The causes for this appear from what has already been said. The 57th Question. Do the women assist each other during parturition? BO far as I have understood, this is not done ; but they betake themselves entirely alone to some pre- viously selected spot. However, at the same time, you cannot find a single deformed child or cripple amongst them. Whether the young women follow the same course at all times, I have been unmindful of. Concerning this, more information, if we live. 164 ^uricufc 9la(^rit^t toon ^cnnf^Itittttio. 5)ic 58. Stage." 2Sie fie c^ mit bcnen gan^ flctnen ^inbcrn ^aittn ? R. (^S@ [die kleinen Kinder] tlicrtictt uff tint fur^e ^eit ^ tttt tin S^rctgcn gcbuniicn, liarouf fie cin flcineS ^cMcin binticn, unt) e§ mit ebcn tiergleiilen juiieifcn, tiamit fteg liejita kffer auf iiem Oiuifen tragcn, unti tie^o getoiffer ^alUn tonntn toritttt fie [indem sie dieselben fast allezeit] faugeit. [lassen weil sie uber die Massen viel Milch haben und doch nur kaltes wasser trincken. Das Haupt und den Korper des Knaben salben sie mit guten fett von Thieren.] 2)ie 59. grage." 2Sa§ fur glitffc bcr Ortcn finb ? R. r^^IE Nahmen der Fliisse sind meist Indianisch, des- |_-^/ wegen verspare ich sie mit ihrer Etymologic und anzahl bis auf weitern Bescheid] America ift toie eill iiur^s totiffertcr ©atten tjon groffen unii fleinen ^(itffen, unl) ft|onen ©ruttitqueffen. ^ie Etimologiam urii Slnja^l fo(j^er f^litffe bcrflitt^re it| ijor iiiefcSmol, M^ ju weiner toieber ^ineinfunfft, uni) f(^tifft(i(^ett ©erif^t. 2 9 Question XLIX in MSS. 30 Question L in MSS. Falckner's "-^Curieuse Nachricht'' 165 The 58th Question. How do they care for their infants? fTTf HE infants are bound for a short time, on boards or J-I4 bark covered with soft fur, with which they also cover them, so that they can the better carry them on their backs. They let them nurse almost continuously as they have nourishment beyond all measure, and yet they drink nothing but cold water. They anoint the heads and bodies of the boys with some good animal fat. The 59th Question. What rivers are there } mHE names of most of the rivers are of Indian origin. Therefore I will reserve the etymology and number for some future occasion. Otherwise America is like an irrigated garden, full of large and small rivers and great and small springs. i66 G^uricufc 9loc^nji|t tiim ^ennfDlJJttnto. 2)ic 60. %taQt:' SBic fie gekaut^cttoerben? Responsio fimilitet dissertur. [Die Antwort wird bis aufs kiinftige versparet] S)ie 61. Stage." SBic fie i^re giff^crei) fallen ? R. r^^IESE bestehet hauptsachlich in folgenden Arten, L^ erstlich] 1. SWit Jjctti 5(nQc(. 2. 9Jlo(^cn fic ^flwmcii tlOtl (©tcincit [in die Fliisse, wie sie beginnen seichte zu wer- den in dieser Form : — \/~\/~' Durcli die Canale fallet das aufgehaltene wasser ab und der Strom bekomt eine foi'ce, am endedes Canals stehet ein grosser Korb von Reif- staben gemacht. Da treibet der Strom den Fisch, so herun- ter gehet, hinein, welcher Korb so gesetzet ist, dass der Fisch nicht kan wieder zuriick gehen.] uilil includircit ilic i5if^c. 3. Siniicn fie einc (angc 9lci)^c Sleifcr mi Jictn Sau6 iva fowmcn [wie ein Netz] ujiti jic^cnS iiurrf)§ SBaffct, iomit fie iiie %\\^t in eine ^nge jnfawm jttgen, nnli mi kn §onJien criitt^i^en. [Auch haben sie ihre Kahne, welche von Rinden von Baumen gemacht und mit Wildem Hanf verbunden und mit Moos verstopfet sind, in dieselben treten sie und halten bey stillem Wetter an einem solchen Ort, da sie wissen, wo sich der Fish, Stor genannt, aufhalt ; da haben sie ein scharfes Eisen (vorher einen scharfen harten Stein) an einer langen Stange an einem Strick festgemacht ; sobald 31 Question LI in MSS. 32 Question 1,11 in MSS. Falckner's ^^Curieuse JVackrtcht." 167 The 60th Question. How are they utilized? m HIS answer is reserved for the future. The 6 1st Question. How is Fishing Followed? mHIS consists chiefly of the following methods : Firstly, angling ; secondly making dams of stones in the rivers where they begin to get shallow, in this man- ner \/ \/ . Through these conduits the checked water flows and the current gathers in force. At the end of each conduit a large wicker basket is placed, the current drives the descending fish through the conduit into the basket, which is set at such an angle that the fish cannot return. Thirdly, they tie a long row of green branches with their leaves together like a net, and drag those through the water so as to drive the fish into a convenient corner, where they can catch them with their hands. Fourthly, they also have their canoes, made out of the bark of trees, bound together with wild hemp and caulked with mosses, in which they stand up in still weather at such places which they know that the Stor ^^ fish frequents ; then they have a sharp iron (formerly a sharp-pointed stone) on a long pole, to which is fastened a rope. Now, as soon as i68 ^urieufe 9la$rtil^t tion ^ennf^Ktiania. sie nun einen dergleichen Fisch, welcher sich zuweilen sonnet und ruhet, gewahr worden, konnen sie durch ihre Geschwindigkeit ihm bald eins versetzen, das er herauf komt und den Bauch in die Hohe kehret. Dergleichen Fische fangen sie zuweilen in einem Tage so viel, dass sie eine gantze Nachbarschaft damit versehen konnen.] Sic l^aben aut^ ^a^ne toon augge^olten l^aumen, unti tote M^tn m\i 9)U^ tocrfto)iffct, in totlH^t fie ttcttcn, nnto toic ^t'ox fangen. 2)ic 63. ^^rogc." 2Bic bic Silkn i^rc 30(rf iieS bcr §@rr cin @Ott ijt. [Der einige rechte Nutzen und Gebrauch eines Landes, in Ansehen eines Menschen, ist, dass derselbe darinne dem Leibe nach als in einem Gefangniss nothdiirftig unterhalten werde, bis zu seiner Wiederbringung in seinen vorigen Stand. Mittler Zeit soil er der Creatur als ein Herr vorstehen, dieselbe zur Ehre Gottes auf opfern, und also im Seegen und Frie- den die Erde besitzen. Solches solte ja auch billig bey singulis individuis in America beobachtet werden, aber weil das reich Gottes selbst gleich ist einem Netze, das voll guter und boser Fische was wil das corruptibile terrae corf us nicht seyn? Doch wie die adern der besten Metalle durch die grosse und finstere Massen der Erden durch laufen und dieselbe gleichsam durch ihre Dampfe vermit- telst der Sonnen und des Mondes tingiren und saltzen. Also lauft die Lebens linie und das Geschlechts-Register " Question LX in MSS. Falckner's '■'■ Cur tense Nachricht.''^ 177 The 68th Question. How to develop the country and bring about its proper uses and advantages. mHE only proper use and advantage of a country in the sight of man, according to the body, is that therein, as one in a prison, they be supported with what is absolutely necessary, until a restoration to their former condition. In the meandme one should present the crea- ture as a man, and offer it up for the glory of God, and at the same dme enjoy the earth in peace and tranquility. Such could be truly observed about single individuals in America.^^ But as the realm of God is like a net that is full of fish both good and bad, what can we expect from the earth's corrupdble body? But, as the veins of the most precious metals run through the great and dark masses of the earth, and by means of the sun and moon as it were, bedew and season the same by their exhala- tions, so also runs the vital line and the genealogical pedi- gree of our Lord Jesus Christ, in single cases, as firstlings of the spirit, through all nations and races, according as the nations become pregnant in the faith of Abraham. ConsequenUy America will also produce seed, that will serve the Lord, hold forth in righteousness, and plant the land and vineyards. In the meantime let Tyre and Sidon plant cities for their children, and Merchants of Merari, or such as deem themselves wise, seek ever according to their impulse and manner, their wisdom's part. We say, happy are they who go thus. But fortunate are the people whose Lord is God. What otherwise concerns the order 178 guricttfc 9ltt^ri^t Hon ^cnnf^lbonia. unseres Herrn Jesu Christi in einzelnen Nahmen, als Erst- linge des Geistes durch alle Volker und Geschlechter dar- nach die Volker als in dem Glauben Abrahams gesegnet werden. Also wird America auch Saamen haben, der dem Herrn dienet und in Gerechtigkeit predigen, Land und Weinberge pflantzen wird. Es baue und pflantze in- zwischen Tyron und Sidon ihren Kindern Stadte, und die Kaufleute von Merari oder die sich klug diinken, suchen immerhin nach ihren Trieb und Weise ihrer Weissheit Theil. Wir sagen wohl dem, dem es also gehet, aber wohl dem volk des der Herr ein Gott ist.] %\t Orilliung iicr cuffer(i(^ett Cultivirmtg iiicfcS Sttttiic§, loffct fi^ ni(*^t otfo in He ^iir^c foffcn, miS\ aur^ o^nc die toiirrfliii^c Application rc(|t tJcrfitel^cn, tocilcn iia8 !SBor|ctfc^ctt eiiiigc ^^inge pbffcr, unli einige ikmx m^^ti, o(§ fic in kr S^at fctbft finJi. SSrtnn G^^rtftn^c Scute (jinein [kommen] ttiottctt, bte grok cuffcrUd)c 5(r6cit wx^i t)crrid)tcn fiinncn, tote man fie ^yt gekau^en ttiiffe, unb toic fic fit^ nftfjrcn filnncn. DB burrj Information, obcr nod) uff anberc SBcifc ? R. C^Slommc Scute, iiie fciner gotten 9(t6eit fiinnett tiorftei^en, 15 unti m^ fcine S>litte( fjckit. Me wiiffen c§ cuf ben ©louben iJct S^jerHitgc, unJ) i)e§ Silieit auf iiem i^ctJie anfongen, iianu ftttt ®©tt unfete 8ee(e ftcrtf mat^en, fo fan cr and) unfern Sci& ftartf maiden, tocit cr i^n auif) iion iicn 2^oiiten aufcrtocrfcn mitt, nier t^ut tnaS cr fan, un& (c6t xm ©otteSfurii^t, tien toitt ber 4« Question LXI in MSS. Falckner^s ^^Ctirtettse JVackrzcht." 179 of outward civilization of the land is not to be compre- hended by any abbreviated form, nor rightly understood without an actual application, as the preponderance of cer- tain things makes them appear greater or smaller that they actually are. The 69th Question. If Christian people want to come in, who could not perform the ordinary rough work, how could they be made useful, and sustain themselves? — If through information or otherwise. •"Y^^EVOUT persons, who cannot undertake hard labor ^-i_-y nor have any means, they must begin with the faith of the sparrow, and the lilies of the field, for as the Lord can strengthen our soul, so can he also quicken our body, even as he will awaken it from the dead. Whoso- ever doeth what he can, and liveth in the fear of the Lord, him will the good Lord maintain. He that hath learned something in his youth can inform others who are ignorant. Enfeebled persons could also be placed so as to keep an oversight over the household and the government of chil- dren, whereby they could obtain the necessaries of life. Christian people who have no means, nor the capacity for outside work, must begin upon the faith of the wild animals, the sparrows and the lilies of the field ; not that they should withdraw entirely from the divine order and their obligations thereto. On the other hand, to i8o ^uricufc 9lo(i^ri(^t toon ^cnnf^Itittttia. licbc ®Oii fj|on cvmi^nn. 2Scr cttoag in feincr ;S«8f«i' fictets net l^ttt, iicr fan aniicrc llnioiffcniic fj^on informircn. 5(ufi^ liinnte man fi^maii^gUeDnge ^tnU jur ^ufftii^t nhtv ^au^t^atU ungen unti ^intiet^uilt fe^en, tiark^ fie i^rc 9lot^Durp ^ntien fiinnen. [Christliche Leute die gar keine Mittel, auch kein Ver- mogen zu ausserlicher Arbeit haben, miissen es auf den Glauben der wilden Thiere, der Sperlinge imd der Lilien auf dem Felde anfangen nicht dass sie sich der Ordnung Gottes und ihrer Schuldigkeit gantz entziehen wolten, hin- gegen anderen alleine eine Last aufgeleget wissen, das ware zum wenigsten gegen die aufrichtige Hebe. Denn kan Gott unsere Seele stark machen, so kan er auch unse- ren Leib Starcken weil er ihn auch von den Todten aufer- wecken wil. David war nur ein schwacher Hirten-Knabe und doch hat der Herr seine Hande lehren streiten und seine Finger einen eisernen Bogen spannen. Wer thut, was er kan, den muss der liebe Gott wohl ernehren, weil Er's gesagt hat und auch thun kan. Zur information konte wohl Rath werden vor etliche ; so konte man auch schwachen Leuthen die Aufsicht iiber Hausshaltung und Kinder anvertrauen, dabei sie ihre Nothdurft finden konnen doch wird es auch den Schwachen, hochst zu rccomendiren seyn, dass sie sich wie die K^inder g-radaimi zu einer meh- reren motion und Arbeit gewohnen, weil die Gesundheit vieler von Mutter-Leibe an kranklichen Korper auf solche Weise kan recuperiret und erhalten werden, davon ich mich selbst zu einem lebendigen Beweisthum darstellen kan.] Falckner's '■'■Ctirieiise Nachricht.'''^ i8i thrust themselves as a burden upon others, that would at least be far from sincere charity. For, as God can strengthen the soul, so can He also strengthen our bodies, as well as resurrect them from the dead. David was only a weak shepherd boy, and yet the Lord endowed his hands with strength and his fingers with power to draw an iron bow. He that doeth what he can, him the dear Lord will amply support, as he hath said it, and can also do it. For the information of some, counsel might be of avail. Thus, delicate persons might be entrusted with an oversight of a household or of children, whereby they could gain the necessaries of life ; although it might be well to recommed to the weak and delicate that they, like children, should gradually take more and more exercise, so as to accustom themselves to labor, as the health of many who were sickly from their birth was recuperated and maintained by these means. Of which I can present myself as a living example. iS2 ^urtcufc 9la(^n^t Un ^cnnftjttjanta. Sic 70. Si-ttgc. ' SBann ncue (^olonicn ^tncin fommcn, oh fie fi^ 5U bcit alien ft^lagen miiffen, obcr oB fie felBft einc ncue erto. Des Raumes halber konnen, sie noch wohl in den alten Colonien bleiben, der Freiheit hal- ber konnen sie auch neue Stadte anlegen, doch ist es gut, dass man die alten unvermogenden, welche ihre Dienste schon in dieser welt gethan und etwas gewisses in ihren Seelen haben auf denjenigen was vorher bearbeitet ist, zuriicke lasst und nur die Jungen unter weiser Aufsicht und Anfiihrung weiter fortsendet doch so dass man ihnen in einer kleinen Tagereise assistiren konne, so bliebe die jugend auch fein in einerley Weise und lernete sich nicht aufs neue umsehen nach den Tochtern der Menschen mann diirfte auch auf solche weise im 3ten und 4ten Glied eine bessere generation sehen, und dem Herren darinnen von Geschlecht zu Geschlecht Lob bekommen.] ■»! Question LXII in MSS. Falckner's '■^Ctirieuse Nachricht.'''' 183 The 70th Question. When new Colonies come over, must they join one of the old ones, or must they build a new town for themselves. IT is advisable that newcomers profit by the experience of others, and abandon their own wisdom, which is fre- quently prejudiced exferto crede Ru-perto. So far as the room is concerned, they might still remain with the old colonies. For the sake of freedom they might found new towns. Yet it is advisable that the aged and indigent, who have long since fulfilled their mission in this world, and have an assurance within their souls, be left where the ground is already cultivated, and merely push forward the youth under the supervision of a tutor, yet not further than where assistance could reach them within a short day's journey. Then the youth would also remain genteely in the ways of simplicity, and learn not to seek anew after the daughters of man. We might in this manner obtain better species in the third and fourth generations, and the Lord obtain praise from generation to generation. 184 ^uncufc Jltt^rtf^t toon gjcnnf^lijanio. fS^a^ fiir ^arf^Iag p cincr fott^cn ncuen G^olonia 5U t^Utt fct)c ? R. ^^S^S foil o^nc Consens unii Sc^rat^cn iictcr ^crtti ^ ©oukrnatorcit im Saniic nij^t gc)"i^c|ctt, iJicfcn ijt licr SJlanget iicr aiitn 2Bc(t ftefannt, unU iiicfc ^okit wit cincm niic^s tcruen @cmih§c fj^on afiGcfc^cn, toic [ic iiic ncuc 2ScU an @ots tcSfuri^t uiiii ftutcn ©ebaubcn gcrnc angeoriJitet |ottcn. ^cn S>or[j^u^ on cuffcrtii^cn 9Jlittc(n Uiitii iticittoni) t^un, foit; iicru iia§ SanJi mu^ i§m fclfift ti^uu, unii @ottc§ (©(^irfs ttiiQ. ^a8 26crif tic§ §@rnt o6cr UiirJ) Supernaturaliter fortgc^iffan^ct un& et^alten, eg wu^ fi^ nur Iciiicn, fc^wicQcn uni) fitillc f^aittn, ftctS im tam^ffc bcftc^cn. M\i unfcrcr cuffcr= Ii(^cn aJicu)(^ctt §it(|fc ijt tocnig aulaurit^tcn, too aUv @ottc§ @cift in liic ^er^cu ciitlcur^tct, lio flc^ct oUcS i^txvii^ Hon jtottcn. [Die rcsohUion vieler Gemlither mit eins, welche die Man- gel der alten Welt in niichtern Gemiith einsehen, konten allerhand Vorschlage machen, aus welchen die besten zu erwahlen waren, der Vorschuss ausserlichen Mittel wie viel und woher derselbe zu nehmen, sorgete ich gar nicht, weil das Land selbst viel Vorschuss thut und Gottes Werck muss sich ohne das mehr durch die Welt schmiegen in Leid und Kampf , als dass es von denselben mit ernstlicher Hiilfe soke befordert werden.] *2 Question LXIII in MSS. Falckner's ^'■Curieuse Nachrtcht.'" 185 The 71st Question. What suggestions are to be made to such a new colony ? mHIS cannot be done in this country without the con- sent and advice of the Lord Governors, to whom the deficiencies of the old world are known, and these have to consider in sober earnest, how the new world is to be advanced in the fear of the Lord, and by suitable structure. No advance of material means will be offered by anyone, but the country must furnish this itself with the dispensa- tion of providence. The work of the Lord, however, will be extended and maintained supernaturally, we must only continue in the warfare with endurance, humility and patience. With outward human help little is to be accom- plished, but where the Lord's spirit illuminates the heart there all succeeds gloriously. [The resolutions of many dispositions with one that in sober mind understanding the shortcomings of the old world, could make all manner of propositions, from which the best could be selected. The advancement of material means, how much and whence they are to be obtained, I give no consideration. The country itself offers much for one's advancement, and the work of the Lord must be extended, without any further cringing through life in sor- row and strife, but with the earnest assistance of the same.] \ \ i86 ^urifuft 9la(^rii^t Don ^cnttftjttiania. SBic in specie c^ bamtt cin^urit^tcn ba^ bic 9kt^fom= men fid) cincr gutcn Orbmmg in attcn Stiirfcn miigtcn 5U erfrcncn f^ahtn ? R. ttfllS cincn gutcn ©runti kuct fii^ cin ptc§ §ttu^, unb ^ tottnn Dcm JKcriicrficn flcfteuert i|t, |o toad^fct die C^crer^s tigfcit itbcrf(^ttICU0(i^. [doch muss man in unserer Zeit der graduum tcmpli Salomonia nicht vergessen, dass man \'0n einem nicht mehr fordere als er leisten konne, noch auch durch gesetzlichen Vorzug und Ordnung einer solchen Wahl sich merken lasse, dadurch an einer Seite Ambition und Herrschaft an der anderen Seite heimlicher Neid und Verleumdung oder Gegensatz entstehe, viel mehr still- schweigend durch Weissheit denen Starkenund Schwachen zur Besserung gefalle und weil sich diese Welt durch auioriiate publica nicht regieren lasst, so konte man die- selbe der Kirchen halber einem treuen Menschen samt 4 Altesten anbefehlen, ausserlichen Dinge halber aber i oder 2 nach den Englischen Rechten gesetezte Friedens-Richter zu sorgfaltiger Aufsicht und treuen Ordnern, so wiirde nicht leicht ein Casus fiirfallen damit man die hohe Landes Obrigkeit weiter beschweren musste.] @§ niU§ Auctoritas aliqua publica imky fc^n, iiic .tir(^cn;Soii^en mu^ man cincm geiftlti^cn ^orjtc^er nebft 4. ^cftijiten befe^en, tite iia nii^t auf cincr Scitcn ambition unii ^crrft^offt fnd^cn, nnii Kuff Her ttniicrn 8citcn l^cimlit^cn ^citi unH SBcrfcumbiiung, Der ^onjfts miit^igc S^M wn^ i^ncn ou§ Dcm ^crl^cn unii au§ Dcm ^ngcs ft^tc Ictt^tcn. ^n cuffcrli^cn )tic(t(i(^cn ^ingcn nai^ Den @ngs Hfri^cn 9lei^tcn unD ©cfe^cn i^rieDcngsJRi^tcr ju forgfttftigcr ^uffii^t DcrorDnen. <3 Question LXIV in MSS. Falckner's '■'•Curieuse Nachricht.'''' 187 The 72nd Question. How in particular to make arrangements so that those who follow may enjoy good order in every way. a PON solid ground a good house may be built, and when depravity is checked, then righteousness in- creases boundlessly, although in our time we must not forget the graduuni templt Salomonis, and not demand more of any person than he is capable of. In making such selection by lawful preference and regulation, we must remember that thereby upon one side we have ambi- tion and domination, and upon the other side either secret envy or calumny which appears in contradistinction to the other. Better silence in wisdom, guide the strong and feeble toward reformation, and as the world will not be ruled by public authority, the same on account of the church might be entrusted into the hands of some trusty and faithful man, together with four elders. But for outward affairs let one or two Justices of the Peace be installed according to the English law, as careful supervisors and trusty reg- ulators. Then a case would rarely occur which would have to be appealed to the supreme authority. "^^ There must be at least some public authority. Church affairs must be ordered by a spiritual leader with four elders, who neither seek ambition and power upon one side, nor practice secret envy and calumniation upon the other. The meek and gentle Jesus must be in their hearts, and shine out of their countenance. In outward worldly matters, a Justice of the Peace must keep a careful oversight ac- cording to the English rights and laws. i8S ^urteufc 9lo(^tir|t Uon ^cnnf^ltiottia. 2)ic 73. gragc." 3n toa^ fitr Orbnung bte jc^tgcn (Jolonicn ftc^cn ? tote fie tjom S!)lagtftrat rcgieret tucrben ? toic bcm ^iifen gctoc^rct, unb ba§ (Butt Bclo^nct toirb ? R. ^\^^ Jf^iQCtt ^olonictt tocriicn untcr Gubernatoribus, na^ ^ iien ^nglifr^en ©cfci^en, rcgirt, [und gefallen mir dieselbigen sehr wohl, weil sie die Freiheit geben und nicht absolut tyrannisch sind, so weiss ich auch dass nach der instruction der Friedens-Richter in einer derselben mehr Autoritat in Publico das Bose zu strafen hat, als kein Prediger hierin offentlich nehmen darf.] itttJ) (ebcit lltC i5ttci)cn§s9ti(i|tcr in groffct Auctorittit, cum plenipotentia, ))a3 Sii|e mit ©rnft abjuftroffen. 2){c 74» Srogc." SBa§ man gutc§ unb Dle^tfcftaffenc^ barnnter ftnbe ? R- C!^S^ gegcicnc ©efc^c finU iicrmoffcn gut, lio§ c§ nii^t ittg !8an!) !amen, tite iia @ott unti tier SlBa^r^eit feint) toareit. [Man kann sich die wahl bey Lesung Englischer Gesetz Biicher machen, nur das die Volks-Menge bey uns nicht so gross und dahero so leicht keine Unterschleif gegen die guten Gesetze geschehen kan. Es sey denn das bose Re- genten waren.] 4* Question LXV in MSS. 45 Question LXVI in MSS. Falchier^s '■'■Curieuse Nachricht.''^ 189 The 73rd Question. Under what regulations do the present Colonies stand, and how are they governed by the Magistrates ? How is evil combated and the good encouraged ? mHE present colonies are governed according to the English law, which pleases me greatly as there is ample freedom, and no absolute tyranny- I also know that according to the instruction of the Justices of the Peace in England, they have a greater authority in piLblico to punish the evil than any preacher dare assume publicly. The 74th Question. What is to be found amongst them, that is good and righteous ? mHE given laws are good to such a degree that matters can hardly go amiss, be it then that bad rulers come into the country, who would be a foe to God and Truth. By reading the English law books, one can make his own selection, bearing in mind that the population with us is not nearly so great, and therefore the beneficent laws cannot readily be circumvented, it be then that the rulers are bad. 190 ^uricttfc 9ltt^n(^t iion ^cnnf^ttjonia. S)ic 75. lyragc/ 8Bic hit Stabtc in Pensylvanicn aUt ^ciffen ? tote tticit fie tjon cinanber gelegcn ? an toa)^ fiiv Jlwffcn ? toa^ fie fiir ©emad)(it^feit ^aBen ? toie toiel ^tinfer nnb ^nnniDfjner ? oh in einer jeben Stabt nnterfc^ ieblit^e Secten nnb 9?cIigionen ? ober [in einige] nnr cine ? R. r^^ER nahme der meisten stadte in Pennsylvanien -^ sind diese] ^11 Pensylvania i|t ite §ttU|its@toilt Philadelphia, ojjngcfc^r iJOit [1300 bis] 1400. ^flufcrn ht^t: Ijcttil, [davon die Halfte regulare und von Steinen und Kalk wohl aufgefiihrte Hauser sind] Puclingthon ou§ [ohnge- fehr] 400. •^aufcrn [bestehend] Chester 200. Neu Castle 300. Salem [mehr denn] 100. Germantown [ohngefehr iiber 50.] 150. iyronrffurt [40] 45. Barby 40. Rathnor 40. Elisabethtown 45. [Darby, Ratnor, Elizabethtown in jeg- licher ohngefehr 40 bis 50] tUClc^cS [Guelsche oder Gualli- sche Stadte und noch andere Dorfer von einzehi Hauser urn sich haben] (^roHifji^c Stoiite fmii, too knekng no^ aniicrc ^Jorffcr mit ctnjckn C^tiufcrn anvJtrcffcn. ^ic [Fals] ^jaii} ift mit §otfaniicrn uni) SBiiicrtouffcrn bctoofjiit. Passagin uni) Christina fnxtt ^^toCilifc^C ©crtcr [und viele einzelne P/an- tagien auf und nieder der River Shilkil und Christmakil haben] dg Qtftt outf) tiiel cin^ctc Plantagien toon 4. 5. 6. unJi mc^r ^ttttfcrn k^fatnmen. [Hiernachst sind auch viele Dor- fer und einzelene Plantagien hin und wieder von 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. Hausern beisamen] *« Question LXVII in MSS. e o =- < . 3 -^ m > z o ~-\ H ■X -< 2 O Falckner's '^Curieuse JVackrtcht.'' 191 The 75th Question. How are all the towns in Pennsylvania named, and how far are they apart, upon what rivers and their conveniences, the number of houses and inhabitants, and if in every town there are divers sects and re- ligions, or only one? *2^^HE names of the chief towns in Pennsylvania are : Vl# the City of Philadelphia, of about thirteen to four- teen hundred houses, of which number about one half are regularly built of stone and lime ; ^^ Porlington «" consists of about 400 houses ; Chester, of about 200 ; New Castle, 300; Salem, more than 100; Germantown, about over 50 ; Frankfort 40 ; Darby, Radnor, Elizabethtown each about 40 to 50, which are Welsh or Gaelic towns, with sundry villages of scattered houses. The Falls ^^ is settled by many Hollanders and Anabaptists. Passajim ^^ and Christina are settlements of the Swedes, who have many separate plantations on the rivers Schuylkill and Chris- tinakil. Hereabout there are also many villages and single settlements of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., houses together. The sects and religious parties live among one another. Of the rivers, see Question LH, together with other no- table conditions in the future. 19*2 ^urteufe 9la$rt(i^t tion ^ennf^lbanta. :^ie Sectctt unii ^c(i8ion8=5|Jart§c^cn (ckn mtt [unter] ein: aniier, boi^ ftnti an eincm Crt tion ^tx einen me^r at§ tion ))er ttttiiern. JKon i^fiiffen vide Supra, [wie oben Ques. LII gedacht nebst anderen Notabeln umstanden kiinftig] [Wohin und aiif was wcise oder] 3Bormit aWX mciftCtt in Pensylvania gc^anbcU tocrbc? R. ClfHS Pensylvania wit 9Jle^(, Stotjfiaifctt, fttttrf Sicr, ^ ^Butter, AVofc, flcraud^crt unti ftcfoljcu '^lti)ifi, gcfotjcnc fiir 2. -^ncf^tc unii 2. SUlagiic in Her ^nu^s unii i^c^ii' 5(rbcit. Falckner's ^^Curietise IVachrtckt." 203 The 8 I St Question. How to make a profit with some capital in Penn- sylvania. * B^ ERE I will map out a project how a capital may be ,-L^ placed advantageously to give quickr eturns, and at the same time revert to God's glory and the advancement of Christianity. (i) I invest 4000 thaler in merchandize, wherefrom shall be economically supported eight persons for a term of two years : (2) There shall be bought 1000 acres of land. (3) Buildings shall be erected thereon for the mere support of the households, people and cattle. (4) To buy 2 brood mares, i stallion, 2 plough horses, 2 oxen. (5) 6 cows with calf or gravid. (6) 4 sows with litter or pig. (7) Necessary implements together with continual better- ments. This invested capital of 4000 thaler shall yield within five years : (i) The salary and recompense for two preceptors or public teachers. (2) The salary for the servants and two maids for work in house and field. (3) Stipend for a preacher, w^ho not as a lord over the people, but as a servant of Jesus Christ and the congre- gation teaches auctoritate ^ublica in the church and in 204 duricttfc 9la^tiri^t bon ^cnnf^tiittttio. 3. ^ctt Solii tm§ ^rciiiflcrS, tier ni^i oB eiu §txx iic§ 3>o(rf§, foniicrn oI8 cin A^ncii^t :»5@[tt ^|rifti, unii iicr ^ir(^cn:@Iie iicr auctoritatepublica in tier ^iri^en (e^rc, unti in @c)cff; fr^oft 4. aiUv tJcrftanliiQcr frommcr 9JJanncr, o(§ 9Wits5(c(ti ftctt rir^te, imrncbcn ©ottcS 2Bort at8 @ottc§ SBort in fioutcrfeit lircJitQC o§nc 9Jicn|(l^cn;®tt^ttng und anathema- tisircttJJc ^ormcn. Ukr oMgc 3$cfoIbungen iJcrHcikt am S5orrat^ m^ fo bid itbtig, Hji mm 1. @c(egcn^cit ^at, o^ne S^a&cn ©ajitfrcti ju fct)tt. 2. SrcmbiiHnQc unJ) 2Bi(tic ju Bc^crbcrgcn. 3. Sji^uc, ^(ciiicr unii ^aufegcrtit^c ju bcrft^affcn. 4. ®cin pnljcS §ttu§Uic)cn mit aUcr 9lot|tittr|ft ju ticrfc^cn. AUSFUHRLICHER PLAN IM HALLESCHEN MANUSCRIPT. Falckner's '■^Ctirieuse JVachricht." 205 conjunction with four old intelligent devout men directs, at the same time preaching God's word as God's word in all its purity, without any human statutes and anathemizing forms. In addition to above charges there remains on hand enough, that we have : (i) An opportunity to be hospitable without loss. (2) To entertain strangers and savages. (3) To provide shoes, clothes, household goods. (4) To provide the whole household economically with all things necessary. [The above published version of Falckner's project is a mere abstract of the original as found in the Halle Manu- scripts — the whole scheme is reproduced on the pages fol- lowing the Addit amentum ^iestionu7n.~\ ADDITAMENTUM QUi£ST10NUM. 2)ic 82. Stage." SSoran in America Wan^tl fc^ ? R. «\Drncl^mnt^ [ist] an 9Jlcnf(|cn, unii ^ttntiincrifcrn, tttt S){c 83. I^ragc." 8Bo|cr man cm jcbc^ notfjttJcnbigc^ ^ing Hcfommcit fan ? R. OfltS ©ngcllonii kfommt man lio§ mctftc, [nothdiirftige] "^ i)o(^ toann America in fcincn Stanii crjt itiirli gckai^t fc^tt, fo toirii c§ fi^ mit bcncn mcijtctt 2)ittgcn fc(6|t l^clffcn fbns ncn, tic l^crgtncrtfc unti SDlonufttcttttcn tooflcit ©clJi ^obcn [darzu wir noch erst Vorbereitung machen und unseren Acker erweitern] iioron to'iY 'Htv ^nt ni^i Qcticnrfcii iJiJrffctt, 6i^ M§ Mtx\ott^ crtocitcrt, unii ja^rlit^c llnfct^att jur ©cbiil^r tocrlictt cingcrir^tct tnorilCtt fc^n. [was von einer jeglichen Provinz zu erhalten sey, wird aus der vorigen quaest. Beantwortung zu ersehen sein] 52 Question LXXIII in MSS. 5 3 Question I,XXIV in MSS. 2o6 ADDITAMENTUM QUiESTlONUM. The 8 2d Question. Whereof is there a deficiency in America? T I yHE chief deficiency consists in settlers and mechan- J 1 [ ics ; the other deficiencies wherever they exist are easily supplied. The 83d Question. Where are all necessary things to be obtained ? HROM England we receive the most necessary articles, yet as soon as America gets into its proper position, it will be able to supply itself with almost all things. Mines and manufactories need money ; therefore we shall yet have to make preparations and extend our acres. What is to be obtained from the other provinces in North America will be seen by my answer to a previous ques- tion.''^ 207 2o8 ^uricufc 9ltt^n(i^t toon ^pcnnftjltoonio. S)ic 84. I^rttgc." 2Ba§ bte ^nxopatx au§ (Sngcttanb unb ^ottanb tJornc^m= R. c5K^SB0 Question LXXXI in MSS. «i Question LXXXII in MSS. Falckner's '''•Curieuse Nachricht.'''' 215 The 90th Question. Is an oath customary amongst them, and how is such administered, and by whom? CANNOT say whether they administer any oath, or how they do it. The 91st Question. Whether the savages sanctify the seventh day, and how they observe it. "-g-^O. Upon one occasion I spoke to one as the oppor- , i r tunity offered and his answer was, " that he must eat upon the Sabbath, as upon every other day, and there- fore he must go on the chase ; but that if he were already provided, then he would keep the Sabbath/® The Saccaracco or French Indians whom the French claim to have converted to their faith, keep the Sabbath, which the other savages take advantage of, and attack and kill them upon that day. The French in return to appease them, advise them, as a penance for their sins, to kill or bring in as many of their enemies as possible. 2i6 ^urieufe 9ta(i|ni!^t Hon ^ennf^ltiania. gefangen einzubringen] ^a ^ingCgCtt bicfc ttff tilt attkrc 3^age in lier SBod^en ba|in trai^ten, i^ren etiittenen ®^at)(n ju revangiren, unH tier ^einlie mietierumb fo tiiel 3U tiititen. 62 2)ic 92. gragc; 06 kt) bcncn SBilbcn ntc^t cinigci^ S5cr(angctt nad) bcr toa^xtn ©rfanntttu^ ©ottCi^ 5U f^jii^rcn, toann bic= jcntgctt, fo i^rc anta. Gefahrten bey das Feuer, dieser sah den Po/at'-Siern an und observirte daraus das es kalt werden wiirde, weil er so sehr helle ware, welches auch erfolgete, zugleichen erzeh- lete er mir, wie er die Bewegung des jPolarStQrns in einem hohlen Baum durch ein loch observiret und anges merket hatte, wie derselbe sich um das loch des Baumes herumgedrehet hatte und bald halb, bald gantz ware zu sehen gewesen, und ware am Himmel zu sehen gewesen wie ein Tropf en Fett so auf dem Wasser schwimmet] ^tts gtciii^ctt ftc^ct t|tc Philosophia in iicr Physic toon iicr 9lotut Jind ^igcnft^afft iier 2$icrc. [einige wissen darin mehr als andere, sonderlich] 2)icjCttt9C, fo bc^ tl^nctt a(8 ^ricftcr ilic C)jffer fl!^lai^ten^ [welcher zugleich ihr Medicus ist. Ins- gemein sind sie gute Galenici und Botanici wiewohl ihre Medicin nun mehro nicht zureichen will, weil sie sich nebst den Kleidern auch unsere Lebensart annehmen] finil ilic tcftcn Physici, unii 3ttQ(ci(i^ i^re Medici, nc^mUj^ gute Galenici. OB bic SBilbcn au^ cintgc Extraordinari gcit^cn ob- servircn unb crfcnncn ? R. (\^f [dergleichen ich aus der historia voriger Zei- |fe, oujfcr ©Ott, eincS SinneS tnerlicn foUen. S)tc 101. Sittgc." ^urt^ toaig fitr Wiitttl man bic Silbcn am mciftcn an fit^ 5ic^c ? R. flfljS^ ttirttt bif toi(tie Xtfitxt, nn\i ,tinDer an fii^ ioiH, unli ^^^ toie man ekn iiiefelbe auf manr^erle^ %xt una JslSeife Derf^iif^tern fan. '0 Question in XCI MSS. 'lyuestionXCIIin MSS. Falckner^s '-'■Curieuse Nachricht.''^ 227 The 1 00th Question. What hope is there that the divers sects may come together as one? *^ ^ » HIS : viz. , that the Lord Jesus will cause to be royally \^y proclaimed in every conscience that all men are liars, so that all flesh may be indebted unto him, and re- linquish the tree of knowledge of good and evil, and take refuge under the fig tree and vine of charity ; so that they can at once abandon the judaizing dialogues, oppositions and anathematization, and preserve themselves by the word of patience from the horrible hour of temptation, which is coming over the whole surface of the earth. They who will not come in, in this manner, let them tarry until all the different colors which are spread over the world become as one by themselves, which is more probable than that so many godless heads should become as one. The loist Question. By what means can the savages best be drawn towards us, and whereby are they mostly repelled? 3 UST as wild beasts and children are won over unto us, and in the same manifold ways that they are repelled. 228 ^uneufe 9la(^n(^i tion ^ennf^ltianta. S){c 103. ^ta^t:' 2Sa^ bic SBilbcn fitr Xiamen ^n^xtn ? [Schlange, bunte Schlange, krumme Schlange etc.] K. ^e^o ttbcr gcfiraui^cn fie Me 9lol^mett iiet ^uro^tict, tt(§ §ttttn^, aSittiam, ©eorge, SflWf^. 5(ntflni. 2)tc 103. Si^agc." SBann ? mib tuic fie i^jrcn Slinbcrn 9la^mcn gckn ? R. a}-^^#3; a(fo6tt(iictt itt i^rer Sufifnii. fontietn tocnn fie ^^ jiemlii^ ertoai^fen, unli toaim fie uiiter i^teit ,^inJiern eineS ruffen tootten, c^e fie il^ncn einen getoiffeu 9la^men gcfien, fo fi^re^en fie ju i^nen inggefambt ein §o))o :e. lint) loen fie alSiionn taermcincn, p iieme tii^ten fie i^r Sdigefif^t uuii Uttit, unt) 6efe|(eu t|me. SSotmit irfj iitttttt mcine SeanttDottunocn auf tiotgelegte ^rogen kfji^tieffe, nnti Sen (jiinftigcn Sefer, nefift mir, Jier ^ii^tung J)e8 @eifte§ mttc§ too^t ttukfe^le, mit SSiinf^ung am gJiirfa^en uni) gefegtteten SBo^tcrgeknS fitr iien 8ci6 in biefer 26e(t, unis, fiir iiie Seek. %ttntt unii Profit in @ott M^ an fein @ 91 S) e* '2 Question XCIII in MSS. '* Question XCIV in MSS. Falckner's '■'■Ciirieuse Nachricht.'" 229 The 102nd Question. What manner of names the savages have. * V I 'MONG themselves, in former times, they used the (v7«— *-» names of wild animals in their own language, as Fox, Wolf, Snake, Harlequin Snake, Crooked Snake, etc. It is now their custom to use European names, such John, George, etc. The 103rd Question. When do they name their children.^ •-p^ OT in their infancy, but after they are well grown. ,J— ^ If they want to call one of their children before they have given him a certain name, they call to all with a Ho I Do I etc. When the one wanted sees them, they speak to him or give him their commands. e 31 S) (J; SBie in Pensylvania mit cinigcm (Ja^iital tin Profit p mat^cn ? Daniel Falckner's Project for founding a Com- munity IN Pennsylvania as set forth in THE Halle Manuscript. aScil id^ Her ^cit crmoiiBctc, fo ttitll i^ bon Siiic^cn ))ro|cctcn, iittHon ir^ obcn quaestione LIX. Qciioi^t eiiii mari^ctt, aui tods (^ctt in ciucm furjcn fummarifr^cn ©cflriff ju crfc^cn ijt, f^eid toic man cin (fa^iitol ^nm gcfr^Uiinlicn 9lnl^cn iiafclbft anlcgen, tt(g an(^ iiie (f^rc @ottc§ nnJi (.?Oti|tii<^c 5lufno^mc act S«8fni" o^nc gto^c aScitloufiflfcit iia)clb|t ficfdriicrcn fonnc. %^ nc^mc 4000 9lt^tr. :i)iciclbcn (cflc ii^ an in foti^cn ^anfmang toa^rcn, toic Serfage, fo mit c^cn fofftcn foa, anSmcis fen tiiirti. ^icfc 4000 Wifa. fotten mir folgeniieS mit gotttit^er ^ittfe in 8tanti fc^cn. 1. ®oll tiauon flenommen meriien not^iiurftigcr tlntcr|alt ux 8 ^crfofjncn auf ^tocl) %^\fi. 2. .^an gcfauft tticriicn nngefe^r 1000 5trfer SanDcS oier mc|r. 3. <^ann flcbauet tocrtien DorS erftc jnm not^antftigen ©eptf, ^anfnng toot SDicnfd^cn, W\t\ nnii ?yrnd)te. 4. ©inii 3U faufen ^toe^ gnte lijjflnft ^fcriic, 2 Stniien pr gui^t, 1 9leit)ifcrii nnii 1 ^aar Cx^fen pr 5lrbcit. 5. ®e^§ ^ii^c mit ^otbern Oder t^roj^tig. ( 230) HOW TO MAKE PROFIT WITH CAPITAL IN PENNSYLVANIA. Daniel Falckner's Project for founding a Com- munity IN Pennsylvania as set for in THE Halle Manuscript. * J I *S I am falling short of time, I will make but one out of fjc-^ the two projects referred to in Question LIX, from which a short and concise conception may be obtained of how capital may be invested there, so as to bring quick returns, and at the same time how the glory of God and the christian affiliation of the youth may be furthered there without difficulty. I will take say 4,000 Reichsthaler ^^ and invest them in such merchandise according to the appended list. These 4,000 Thalers shall, with God's assistance, put me in pos- session of the following : 1. We will take enough therefrom necessary for the support of eight persons for a term of two years. 2. There may be purchased a thousand or more acres of land. 3. There may be built at first only the absolutely neces- sary shelter for man, beast and the crops. (231) 232 (i^uricufc 9la(i^nrfjt Hon ^cnnf^ltJanitt. 6. 25icr Bmt mii jungcii oiict troi^tig. 7. 9lot§litttftigc§ ©cfj^irt unb ©erotic mii UcrficffcrungliicSs fctfien. ^iefeS ^a^itat alfo aitgcleget foU inner^a(6 5 laf^xtn abtuerfen ttiie fo(get. 1. 2!tc ja^rli^c 9lotpurfti9c ^crforgung iirctjct ^racccHotcn olicr 5|5rofcf[orctt tiation eiii jciicr noi^ tocrffoffcncn 5 ^ttl^rcit ^oficn foff. 1. 50 %tttx Sonb ctbiif^ bor cine foli^c Station. 2. 30 Xf^aUv m @c(iic io^rti^. 3. (Bint ,tu$ mit km ^o(6c oiicr trai^^tig. 4. ®itt gctoi^cS an !8ier, ^(cifr^, an .torn un& lictgteid^cn. ^icfc ^'•racccHorcg foffcn i^rc ^cit naU^ rii^tigcr cint^citnng tin jcgtic^cr i)c§ 2agcg 4-5 Stnntien in Hntcmd^tnng iicr ^ngcnii nai^ einem com^enMofen SBeg aui^ nio^l in iict 99lutterf|ira(^e, in artibus liberalibus infomtircn, iiarncbcn bicjcnigcn fo jn anffcrti^cr ^anJiatkit nii^t gefi^irft in Unguis nationum etiam Americanarum. 2)ur(^ iicn usum jn iikn item in kr Occonomia mie alte ^inge ottient(i(^ unti |irofit(ii^ ju if^un, jn untcrriiljtcn nnii Hj^ i)ic ,tbrkt nirfjt an§ ^rmangctnng iicr motion ^t)|ios ^oniiriff^ tocriicn oJicr putreseiren, cine naf| S>ermogen kfini)(i(^e 5(rkit in C^arten;2Berf, llnfrant an0 pgoten nnii gnten 8aamen jn -liflanl^en, item Sfinme ))flanl^cn/^8c^attfc ^flegcn, t^ifr^e fans gen. Dor i^re ^raeee^toreS ^otl; maiden nnti &etjfi^a|fen etc. unti iicrg(ei(^en ertragli^e 5(rkit be^ iien iibrigen miiffigen Stnnien. CSer toenn etli^e Snft gotten, eine geUiiffe ^ank^iernng iiakt) jn (ernen fo fiinte in iier (?o(onie ge^atten toerben, ein ®i|nfter, ein Srfjneiiier, ein ^immermann, ein SSekr, tin ll^rmai^er, ein ^annen:©ie^er, ein ^ollift^micii, ein Seiter, ein Oialiemai^er, ein 8(^mieii, ein ©li^reiner, ^re^Ster, 9Jia§(er, ^ij^ifer, nnd tiergt. iiamit ein jegtir^er )eI6|t toe|(en fdnne, oiier iiie 25orfte$er i^rc llntergefiene no(§ gnt befinften antoeifen tiinnen toorjn fie fij^ fj^irfen. ^in jeiier folr^e §oni)ttiertf§;9[^lttnn, kr fii^ barju toiff Falckner's ^^Curteuse JVachricht" 233 4. To purchase two good plough horses, two mares for breeding, one saddle horse and one yoke of oxen for work. 5. Six cows with calves or gravid. 6. Four sows with young or pig. 7. Necessary harness and implements with repairs for same. This capital invested in such manner should, within five years, yield profit as follows : I. The necessary support of three preceptors or profes- sors, whereof each should have received after the five vears have elapsed : 1. Fifty acres of land to be inheritable for such charge. 2. Thirty Thalers in money yearly. 3. A cow with calf or gravid. 4. A certain stipend for beer, meat, grain and the like. These preceptors shall so arrange their time, that each one may have from four to five hours every day to instruct the youth in some compendious way in their mother tongue, as well as to educate them in the liberal arts ; and let them instruct such as show no inclination for outward handicraft in Imguis nationuni etmni Aniericanartim. Likewise in- struct them practically in economy, how to do all things properly and profitably ; teach them that their bodies should not become hypochodriac or putrescent from lack of exercise ; but work them during the idle hours, accord- ing to their capacity in garden work, pulling weeds, plant- ing seeds, likewise setting out trees, tending sheep, catch- ing fish, gathering and chopping wood, etc., for their preceptors, and similar profitable work during their idle- hours. Or if some incline to learn certain trades, the colony could keep a cobbler, tailor, carpenter, weaver, watch- maker, pewterer, goldsmith, ropemaker, wheelwright. 234 ^urieufe 9lai^nii^t tion ^ennftjtbania. gcktttti^ctt (ajfcn, [off |aktt 10 5(rfcr Soniie§, mitt cr mc§r ^akn fa fallen tiegtoegen, ^ie naii^ftltegenlien ^anticretjcu angefaufet Uicrticu nn\\ t^nen wax ^qal^lung auf gctniffe terminc jugelaffcn tocrJicn, fo iiict cr totff. ^arnckn fatten feinc^iniieriitt§ fclHge Olej^t iicr 5(nfct3ie^nng Dar nnkren gcnieffen nnii kt| feinem 5(bfterkn Uv ilefelMgen nni) He 2Sittnie ®arge getrogen tocrs kn. ^ie (e^rlinge nm§ fie kt) ntiiffigen ©tuniien noj^ genanc; fiter einfii^t, eineg jegliii^cn 5(rkiten, fall ju einet 6nmma ge; te(^nct fet)n, Jmuon kr SKcifter kn 25arfd^u§ bar SWateriotien abjic^cn fall, iiag itbrige in 2 gleiji^e 2^ei(e get^eilet, Hnon licr eine X^tii km nieifter pro labore, iier aniiere kr caffa pro com- muni bono |eimfatten faU. ^ie ^int^eilnng iier geit fiinnte olSiiann gemnd^et mertien, nut &a8 man 9Jlargen§, aJlittagS unii 5lbcnl)§, c^c man fi^lafcn ge^et eine Stnntie jnm ^khti^, Sik( (efcn unii fmgen ux aUt nnii jeiie onggefcl^ct fe^n mn^te, aar^n ein ^ti^tn gcgeben tnctJien !onte, kS krjenige toelr^er on§ re^t er^eki(^er llrfor^en niii^t k^'fon^i^^ etfdjeinen fan iia^ an feinem C)xi\) mit bcljftimmen miige liem S>er(angen nnii fiab ©cfanntni^ feiner ^^tennlie nnti SJiitbiirgcr. 2. Sail getiai^leg ^a|)ita( and) abmerfen die anfi^affnng unl) ^rl^adnng jtockt ^nei^te unii 9Jlttgi)e. 3. @inc !!|>rel)iger tier nit^t a(g ein §err iie§ S^atfeg fonJiern tt(8 ein ^neji^t ^t\\t ^^rifti nnJ) iier ,ft1rrl^ens@Iiekr autoritate publica in iier ^tiri^en (e^re unii in @efettfi|aft uier alter tiers ftoniiigen nnti frommen SJiannern al§ mit ^Iteften riii^te, nnl) toaS nngleit^ ift, fi^lir^te, iiarnekn @ottc§ SBart in Santcrfeit \fxc^i^t al^ne 9?lenft^en ©al^ung nnD onat|ematifirenJ)e i^armnln; faff l^akn 40 9ltpr. nnii tim§ gemiffeg an ^leiftf) nnii aniiere pxo: toifian. Sag itkige feine§ llnter^a(t§ mu^ man anf antJere SBcifc fn^en, nnii iia§ man kc ,taften fiirS erfte erf^arc, fo faff iiic 5(ttffi(^t nnii Oler^nnng einer iier ©djnf (ioUc%tn fii^ren unii iiaffelbigc ^ai^x eine Stnniie Uieniger Sdjnlarkit taglit^ fjakn iiie rec^nnng aber faff er im ©el)fct)n kr ankren (f offcgen iier 4 Falckner's '-'■ Curieiise JVachrtcht." 235 blacksmith, cabinet-maker, turner, painter, potter, etc., so that every one could make his own selection. Or the wardens could advise their dependents to such trade as in their judgment they are best fitted. Every one of such handicrafts men, who lends himself thereto, shall have ten acres of land ; if he wants more, additional adjacent land shall be bought and given to him, as much as he wants, the payment to be made at conve- nient times. In addition his children shall enjoy equal rights and privileges of education with the others. And in case of his death, care is to be taken of the same and the widow provided for. Apprentices who, during idle hours, perform any work, shall, after careful examination of each one's work, be credited with the same, from which the master is to deduct the money advanced for material ; the remainder is to be divided into two equal parts, one of which goes to the master of the apprentice, the other part into the treasury of the community. Any division of the day may be made, provided one hour is set apart, morn- ing, noon and night before going to sleep, for prayer, bible reading and singing, for which a signal must be given, so that such as may be prevented by weighty reasons from being present may yet at their station join in with the devotions and commendations or praise of their friends and fellow citizens. 2. The said capital should also yield enough to obtain and keep two menservants and maids. 3. A preacher, who does not seek to be a lord over the people, but rather who, as an humble servant of Jesus Christ and the members of his church, shall be a public exponent ^^ of the doctrines of the church, and administer justice in fellowship with four aged, intelligent and devout men as presbyters ; equalize that which is inconsistent, and 236 ^ttticujc 9ltt(|rt(^t noil ^cnnf^ltJOttia. ^Itcjtcn fombct jioc^cr m^ i)cm ^nglifj^cn 9ic^t (cgitimittcn f^riciienS ^ii^tcrn oftgclcgt toeriictt. 4. Soli kt) 5(ntiio(^8 unii ncrmclltttttg iic§ ISBic^c§ cine gctoi^c ;3oP Bcjcljct tocriiett, ttoi fu^ Imrr^ @ottc§ ©ccgcn briibcr Dcrs tttc^rct fott 3ttr caffa tior onfommcniic oiicr ouSUittttig Slrmcn oufs begotten oiicr im ©clJic 6ct| ftclcget uicriJcn. 5(tt§ iiicfcn folgcn nun wc|t'Ott&erc nu^botfcitcn iioruntcr fols gcniic ni(|t Jiic gcrinflltcn oI§. (1) ^ic ©clcften^ctt o^nc Sr^aticn gof^fff^) 3W K^n. (2) i^rcmliiiHngc unii SBilJictt oufjunc^mcn unii ju bc^crkrgcn. (3) ®J^u|, ^(cikr, ©criit^c u. ). f. o^nc Hnfoftcn tocrBcffctn 3U laffen. (4) ®cin S^olf too|( ju rcgicrcn unli wit allcr Jlot^iiurlftigfcit o|nc SBcittttuffigfcit unii ^o^cn Wvit^ fie fclbft^unii i^re ♦tinbcr 311 Dcrjc^ctt. 3^ct)(age fo in quaejitiom 84 ermal^nct tnirti. Falckner's ^^Curieuse JVachrichtJ" 237 at the same time preach God's Word in its purity, without any additions of human institutions or anathematizing for muleas. He shall receive 40 Thaler and a certain stipend for meat and other provisions. The balance of his support must be sought in some other manner. That the expenses may be kept down for the present, the oversight and ac- counts shall be kept by one of the school masters, for which purpose he shall be required to teach one hour less daily. The accounts shall be rendered in the presence of the other masters, the four presbyters, together with two Justices of the Peace, commissioned according to the English law. 4. A certain number shall be agreed upon for the in- crease and multiplication of the cattle, and whatever in- crease there be over and above such number, by the bless- ing of God, shall be set apart for the benefit of the arriving or outward resident poor, or else turned into money for the same purpose. Upon these follow sundry other useful purposes, among which the following are not the least : — 1. The opportunity to extend hospitality without preju- dice. 2. To entertain strangers and Indians, and accomodate them with lodgings. 3. Shoes, clothing, implements, etc., to be repaired free of cost. 4. To govern the people well, supply them with all nec- essaries without any ceremony through themselves and their children. M m M i n ia^ ^sas CrMBsI ^^ M ^r^^ •*• a ^ 'W* Lysta derjenigen Wahren, so in Pensylvanien ANGENEHM SIND, NACH H. FaLCKNER SEINEM Behalt AUFGEZEICHNET. ^offoniiifi^c OSimbruggii'i^c Seinliittttii ; tiation man crft in ^ngcKanb 9la(l)ni^t cin^olcn mu^, 06 man c8 in ^ottanft tinia: iicn unJj toic ^otfj iitc 5(cci§ ijt. ^aHanMfi^ toei^er ^ioirit, aHet^anti $ant). SBcrroifrfjc gctoalrftc 8trum|ifc, ©renter 58et)(arfen toegen ier 5(cci8 p iierne^men in ^ngcffanl). ^in)(^(tt9=9Jle|fer, einigc gnfe Sd^ecrmeffer. ©o^rcr Dor 2 ^oumcn jn Der 9lo8e( SBotjrer, offer^nniJ l^eilen, ©rcitbei( nnii l^iiptl 9Jkiffcl. @«|nii^;9JJcffer Hie ni(^t jn fkin fmii Uor ^an§(i^en unii Rimers lente ©ebranr^, einigc tor JBiittiger jn gebronri^en. @rak=Sr^eit, 8(^ttufe(n, Wtp unti torn:@ok(n in dnficf; Ian!) jn fanfen. St. Sid^eln, 8en|cn nnb berftt. @ro§e Seegen eifcrne und ftolerne ^^ttnii=Seegen, J)ie im ^itifen nii^t ltng(ei(^ unii ni^t 3u fi^ma^ fini). §ttniibei(, attcr^onii 9Jleif: nir^t bon tier 5(rt toe((^e iiie ^ini: niertente geftranj^en 3immer=§oII? ein jufii^neilien fonbern bie toeitge; fe^t, DoUlfontmen (ang, unti tin tiie ^tt^netiie §a(ftc — einer, iiie on; tiere §o(fte — tier onJiern meg fte^et. (238) }t t&s^ 2** im '& fsi ^ issn m «a^ i m H m m »g 83 m« i^ Tf^ if^ ti^ ^ *^ l^S^ List of such Goods, as are Acceptable in Penn- sylvania, ACCORDING TO THE REMEMBRANCE OF Herr Falckner. *n|r^UTCH and Osnaburggish linen, about which one ^_L/ must first inquire from England, whether it can be shipped in Holland and how high the tariff is. White Holland thread, all kinds of tape. Veronese felted stockings, Bremen bed sheets, are on account of the tariff to be obtained in England. Clasp knife and several good razors. Augurs, from two inches down to the gimlet, all sorts of files. Broad axe and hoes, drills. Draw knives not too small for domestic as well as car- penters use. Several for use of coopers. Spades, shovels, dung and grain forks to be purchased in England, also sickles, scythes, etc. Large saws, iron and steel handsaws, which are uniform in the back are and not too light. Not of the sort used by- carpenters to cut boards, but the wide set, ample long sort, wherein one half of the teeth are set to cut one way, and the other half the reverse. Hatchets and all sorts of chisels. Smith, and ordinary hammers, etc. ( 239) 240 ^uricufc 9lat§rit^t Don jpcnnftjlbanio. ®«|miii= unii gcmcinc §ommcr etc. 26icJicr unii btcj^cifcn oiicr ^u^fii^e. ^ifcii, i)a0 fcittc ©rottiiriffc i}at, unb gutcn 8to^( ^^^cwif^, ^ifctnc Ofcn. ^ifcrnc Stiitfcr, iiic fi^on 3U Jpflugf^orcn gcfi^miclict, o^nc iiic cifmicn ©tongcn, iic iiaraii finti unii Don iicn Mctnftcn, miif^t In ^ngcttttJiii aw kjtcn ju l^aficu, bag 100 o^ngcfc^t nor 15 ^^f. ftcrlinG. ^iffcrnc ^ottc obcr Uicnig ciffernc .tc|)c(. ^u^ifcr, gc(b unii rotf), mcf)r ftcinc of§ gro^c ,^cffc(. ^u^ifcrnc bcrjiutttc ipotscnS un^ Xf}tt: oJicr (ioffe:5pottc. St. .tottttcn uor 1/2 tanncn maa^. ^ngtifl^ ^crfctj uni) aUcr^ani) gcrittQ tooHcn ^eug tor llntcrs futtcr cinigcg in moiicftcn ^arkn Dor iyraucn Ckr:^Ictlicr, cintQcS rot^c0 ijor Unter .ftciJicr nnti i^rcngHt^tcS tjor ♦tiniicr. ^ic Hittctfort iion fioifcn, gran, brann nnb iJcrgt. moticftcn f^nrbcn, tocnig fi^toarl^c ©tcnfctc§ nnli SOlaJiro^cn. St. cinigc bnntc §a(§; nnii 9la)c ^iir^cr, gciirnrften ^ariinn o&er Scincn Dor ^iniicr, ^toUil^ nnli J^^argcn bor Sctts^cug. ^orinti^cn, SlUnfcatcn, 8ofran, ^oriicmnm, macc^, etc. @ro§c 9lofinen. ^ine ^iifte mit ©ta^ nnli ©te^, toie e§ in ^ngeHanb Derfanft toirii, ntn ^yenjiter jn madden. ^rant nnii Sot^, fcine ^ngetn foniiern nngegoffen 5B(e^, o&er Sonbcn, @nten, ^Janfe nnii ftfjtoeren §age(. ^ine ^amilic fo iJa anf J)cm Sanie jn bonen nn& jn khcn gc? iienfet, foff firfj, too i^r tier (iebc (Boit Da§ S>erntogcn gegeben, mit ^(eilier nnb JBetten Derfei^en nnD Dcnn in cin ^a^, inclr^eg on Der 5(cei)c in SonDon in generaten JBenennnng Der 9la^men ©ehiiir^ Falckner's ^^Ctcrtetise JVachricht." 241 Barb-bolts, crow bars, or crooked bars. Iron that has no flaws and good Flemish steel, iron stoves. Iron blanks already forged for plow shares, without the iron rods, and of the smallest to be had in England, one hundred costing about £15 sterling. Iron pots, but few iron kettles. Copper, both yellow and red, more small than large kettles. Tinned copper pots, also tea and coffee pots, likewise tankards of half quart size. English kersey, and all kinds of cheap woolen stuffs for linings ; some in modest colors for women's outside gar- ments ; some red for underclothes, and spotted for children. The middle sorts of bed sheets, grey, brown and of sim- ilar modest colors, a few black blankets and matresses. Likewise some bright colored neck and handkerchiefs. Printed cotton or linen for children, ticking and fustian ^^ for bed clothes. Spices, currants, nutmegs, safran, cardemon, mace, etc., large raisins. A case of glass and leads as they are sold in England to make windows. Powder and shot, no bullets, but bar lead, pidgeon, duck, goose and heavy shot. A family that expects to live in the country and cultivate the land should, if the good Lord hath blessed them with means to supply themselves with clothes and bedding, these should be put into a barrel, which could be entered at the customs in London as necessary household stuff, without (itemizing) among which can be packed two or three good hatchets, a broad axe, one]or two hoes, three or four iron wedges, several iron rings, a door knocker, plough wheels and such.^^ 242 (Turteufe 9laii^rtii^t Don ^ennfl)(iiania. Hon Sodden (nirfjt okn die 9lnmct) tt(§ notljiiiirftiQcr ^nu^rat^ angcgekn tnertien fann ein^adcn mie folgct. 2 oticr 3 gute ^anlis ©cKc, cine hxtiit 5trt, 1 obcr 2 ^iiffcO 3 oiicr 4 cifcrnc ♦^cilc, cintgc eifernc JRingc an ,t(oHft/ ^M^Mpoiif^ m«^ krgf. p (cgcn. 1. ^ar ^ot^s^ycilcn nnii tin )iat nniicrc iito Eifernc SBcfii^laQc tjor cincn 8r^UJcngc( am ^f(ng oiicr SBagcn. ^t 1 oJicr 2 mittctmnffigc Mttn, urn firmer ©ons^ol^ onf Den ®ii^ntten p fc^le^lien, a(g 6e^ ung Die ^etten finD, Dantit Die SiaDer am S^agen ge^emmt merDen, menn eg berg ab ge^et. Sine fteinere Don Der 5(rt. 2. ^ax MUn Don ^pferDes^efri^itr, ^eften Dor ^ii^e Doran fefte 3tt madden, nnD eine fnrl^e ^etten Dor affer^anD 9lot^fali(, in fonDerl^cit an Die eifernc Sgge fejt jn madden. 20 oDcr 30 eifernc ^o^ne Dor eincr Sgge, Die ^ti^nc miiffen fel^r ftarf fcin, fonft bengen fie fn^ im nenen SonDe, toenn fic Duri^ Die 2Bnr^e(n gc^cn, tim^ gc^artct, Do(^ nidjt jn Did nnD Don gnter Sangc. gjflngfi^aor ift Dort Deffer nor^ Der SanDcgs 5(rt jtt Derfertigen, Dor^ mag man Die ^orm, DaDon inir auf Dcm anDcrn !SB(att gcDaii^t betjtcgcn. 100. oDerna(^@clegcn^eitme]^r8r^inDeI,(fItt^^(irtnnD8otten, 9lagc(, §an8, Stott nnD ©li^euer jn mat^en, 2^itr=5(ngel=§a(!en, ^etteln, Sr^loffcr, JBanDer, an Die ^enfter nnD i5f«|tct;8aDen. Sin gnt lang Sr^nil^meffcr Dor ©i^inDcI pi ft^aocn. Sourer 2 ^anmen, 1 ^anmen, 1/2 ^anmcn nnD 9lagc(=©o^rer Dor 2 oDcr 3 %vUn. Sin gut 8tiirf Sifen unD Bia^l Dor cine 5i|t nod^ Dortiger (anDcgart p maiden. Sin pat gttfe §anD;8eegen unD cine gro^e ^ol^sSeege. 1 eifcrner SWorfcI nnD einen ffcinen meffinger oDer Don Sr$. 1. 9Jli|tgakl, aniftOorfen, ^cngaber, 2 (^rabftfjcit, Si^onfel unD Dcrgl. 1. pat feine S9larfs8enfen oDcr ^od^teutft^e .^orn unD @ro^c ©enfcn. Falckner's '■^Curieuse JVachrtcht.'' 243 One pair of wood rasps and a pair of other files. Irons for a swingletree for plough or wagon, likewise one or two medium-sized chains to drag heavy timbers upon the sled, same kind as we use as a break to our wagon wheels when going down hill, also a lighter one of the same sort. Two pairs of chains for horse-harness, cow chains, and a short chain for any kind of emergency, especially to fasten to an iron harrow. Twenty or thirty iron teeth for a harrow, the teeth must be very strong, else they bend in the newly broken ground when they strike the roots. They should be tempered, but not too much, and be of a good length. Ploughshares, it is best to have them made there accord- ing to the manner of the country, although one may also take such as are indicated upon the previous page. A hundred or more shingles according to opportunity. Clap- boards and laths, nails for house, stable and barn, door hinges, pickaxes, hasps and staples, locks, hinges and clasps, locks, hinges and bands for windows and shutters. A good long drawknife for shaving shingles, augers of the size of two thumbs, one thumb and one half a thumb's breadth, also gimlets of two or three sizes. A good blank of iron or steel to make an axe according to the American kind. A pair of good hand saws and a large wood saw. An iron mortar and a small one of brass or bronze. One dung fork, manure drag, pitchfork, two spades, shovel and the like. One pair of fine briar scythes or good German grain and heavy scythes. A goodly quantity of pig lead, several padlocks. When several families calculate to go far inland and lay out a 244 (^uricufc 9lor^ti^t boii ^pcnnf^ttJattitt. (Sin Qttt X^tii ungcgolfcn ©let), cinigc 2.^or(c0e S^Iiiffcr. SBenn einige §ami(ien tief in§ i^anti etttcn nenen ^(a^ anjules gen geda(^t, muffen fie betia^t fetjit auf ein ^ar %uit 9[Ku|l|itetne unii U)O0 eifern SBerf ju eincr Wni)U geptet. Sollte fid^ ttui'^ ein MMtx finkn, iier eine 5Beute{;9Wit^(e, toic man in Obcr52:ent)(^(ttnli pt, berfertigen tofl(tc, iiok^ er jngleid^ ©erjitcn, 2Bei^en, §ahtv, Bptii^, Sleig fr^elcn fiinnte, iicr fottc fc^r angene^m [ein. _^ ^in pax ^ijtillirer urn lipfirfr^en, 5(|ifcl unb ^orn p liifitiffitcn, mie eg altia geBranifjH(^. @nte (nnge iyiinten, bic ben §ttge( toeit unb nio|( f^ie^en. ©inige ^ijtofen, Steigbiiget, @o|fc(n, S$orge)c|irr bie ftorf finb. CO >-• ^ •" '-Z. -S C ..^ en n? ,^ O ui "^ ^ -C W tO , c O ^' c; «:» S o o CO z C/D s SO > CO 2 Z HI Q. «:-» o IT* .3 j^ is oj '^ w ■*-' w—i cr: •«"' -c^ E e ^ ^ si-1 ? 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