Class I .'jLC. Book -Lft4- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/huntsgazetteerofOOIong LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, $ J! <£%e/f,Ll± I ! UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. J HUNT'S 'GAZETTEER OF THE BORDER MID SOUTHERN STATES: COKTAIS1KG FULL DESCRIPTION OF TEE RAILROAD ROUTES, TURNPIO ROADS, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS, RIVERS, SPRINGS, ko. 6H0WING DISTANCES, POPULATIONS, TOPOGRAFHXCAI. SITUATIONS, kc A HAND BOOK RELIABLE GUIDE FOR THE SOLDIERS. Wit\ a im 5fetl-ptt BY K. H. LONG, WIB Or TEE V. 8. 1RMT. G PITTSBURaH, PA.: John P. Hunt. SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS, NEWSDEALSttS AND SUTLERS. v-z 07 Entered according to Act of Congress, A. I). 1868, bj 3y JOHN P. HUNT, in ths Clerk's Office of the Weitsrn DUtrict of Pennsylr&nia. INDEX, RAILROADS. PAGB. Atlantic & North Carolina Railroad, 177 Alexandria, Loudon & Hampshire Railway, 187 Branchville & Columbia Railroad, S. C 156 Charleston & Savannah Railroad, 66 Covington & Danville & Lexington Railroad, 114 Cheraw & Darlington Railroad, S. C 165 Charlotte & South Carolina Railroad, 175 Columbus & Xenia Railroad, 236 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, 237 Cincinnati & Chicago Air Line, 248 Dayton & Michigan Railroad, 252 East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad, 122 East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, , 128 Georgia to Savannah, 57 Georgia Central Railroad, 71. Greenville & Columbia Railroad, S. C 166 Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, „ 193 Illinois Central Railroad, Cairo and Odin,,, 240 Indianapolis & Cincinnati R. R., S. W. & N. W., 246 Jeffersonville & Indianapolis Railroad, , 243 Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 97 Louisville & Frankfort Railroad, 117 Memphis & Charleston, via Chattanooga, 14 Mississippi Central & Tennessee Railroad, 20 Macon & Western Railroad, 68 Montgomery & West Point Railroad, Ala 81 Mobile & Montgomery Railroad, 90 Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 91 Manassa Railroad, Va 188 New Orleans, Jackson & Mississippi Railroad, ...7, 12 Nashville & Chattanoogo Railroad, 101 Nashville & Decatur Railroad, Ill North Eastern Railroad, S. C 164 North Carolina Railroad, 178 North Missouri Railroad, 193 North Central R. R. from Bait, to Harrisburg, 219, 254 PAGE. Orange & Alexandria Railroad, Va 143 Ohio & Mississippi R. R. St. Louis & Cairo to Cm. 239 Pensacola & Montgomery Railroad, 88 Petersburgh & Lynchburgh Railroad, Va 136 Petersburgh & Weldon Railroad, 160 Pacific Railroad,; 197 Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 209 Pittsburgh & Steubenville R. R. via Columbus,... 232 Richmond & Danville, Railroad, 138 Richmond, Frederick & Potomac Railroad, 139 Richmond & Petersburgh Railroad, 161 Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, N. C 183 South Carolina Railroad, 61 Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad, N. C 162 Spartaburg & Union Railroad, S. C 168 St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad, 195 Southwest Branch Pacific Railroad, 199 Vicksburg, via Jackson and Montgomery, 77 Virginia Central Railroad, 142 Virginia Central Railroad, 185 Western & Atlantic Railroad, Geo 51 West Point k Atlantic Railroad,.. 83 Wilmington & Manchester R. R., N. C. &. S. C... 153 Wilmington & Weldon Railroad, N. C 157 Wilmington, Charlotte & Rutherford Railroad 163 Western North Carolina Railroad, 181 Western Railroad, 184 RIVERS. Red River, Washita River, Arkansas River, White River, 201, 202 Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, 204 TURNPIKES ( Seo Map for Instances in Figures.) In South Carolina, Alabama and Georgia, 75, 85 Georgia, N. Carolina and Va. Turnpikes, 169, 170, 172 Arkansas, Little Rock and St. Louis Turnpikes, 206 Richmond and Hampton Turnpike, 174 INDEX. 5 ADVERTISEMENTS, PAGE. Fowler & Wells, 6 John H.Green, 58 Walker & McKernan, 50 Merrill & Co 62 Green & Green, 67 E. Mendenhall, 70 J. M. Hopkins, -.. 74 John P. Hunt, -. ...,76,118, 154 Adams Express Company, 84 W. Scott Glore, 96 E. H. Singleton, 102 Ohio State Agent, 266 Spoule & Mandeville, 265 Hospitals, .., 258 M. Leopold & Co ,. 265 Pensions and Bounties, 261, 263 Thos. C. McDowell and Thos. A. Maguire, 267 Eugene Snyder, Claim Agent, 268 Benj. F. Blood, 269 Charles Desilver, 269, 270 Strategic Points in the South. Atlanta, Geo 57 j Montgomery, 81 Augusta, Geo 61 i Mobile, 91 Bristol, 127 | Memphis, 14 Chattanooga, 51 New Orleans, 7 Charleston, 65 | Nashville, 101 Fredericksburg, 141 ; Pensacola, 88 Gordonsville, 143 Richmond, ..,« 139 Jackson, 20 Rapidan, 144 Jonesboro', 126 Raleigh, 179 Kingston and Rome,... 55 j Stevenson, Ala 45 Knoxville, 123 j Savannah, 73 Louisville, 97 St. Louis, 190 Lynchburgh, 135 Little Rock, 206 Macon, 71 Vicksburgh, 77 Washington, 148 Wilmington, N. C 155 6 hunt's gazetebr. OUR NEW PROSPECTUS "THE HUMAN FACE DIVINE:" Or, New Physiog- nomy, Eyes,Ears Nose, Lips and Mouth, Head, Hair, Eyebrows, Hands and Feet, Skin & Complex- ion, with all the " Signs of Char- acter,"and "How to Read Them," given in • The Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated, S. R. WELLS, EDITOR, Devoted to the Science of Man, including Ethno- logy, Phrenology, Physiology, Physiognomy, Psychology, &c. &c. In their application to the various interests of the Human Race, showing how to cultivate, develop and improve the Body and Mind, and how to take care of them; signs of Character, and how to read them; Man's Spiritual Nature, and his relations, not only to this life, but to the life to come. Published monthly, in a beautiful quarto form, at $1.50 a year, in advance. Single copies, 15 cents. Address FOWLER 6c WELLS, 308 BROADWAY, N. Y. NEW ORLEANS, JACKSON & GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD, On this railroad the first station you arrive at is — KENNER, (New Orleans 10 miles— Jackson 173 miles,) an old locality, upon a level tract of cultivated land. The line of crib-work near this place is five miles long, and which it is ultimately intended to supply with embankment, the material for which exists abundantly further up the road. BAYOU LA BRANCHE, (flag station,) named after the little stream at hand. FRENNIER, (New Orleans 23 miles — Jackson, 160 miles,) a few vegetable gardens here vary the monotonous swamp scenery, and the palmetto be- comes more frequent. Lake Pontchartrain is seen in the distance, and with which the road lies paral- lel for a few miles. BAYOU DE SAIRE.— Flag station. MANCHAC, (New Orleans 37 miles — Jackson 146 miles,) is a depot upon a body of water three miles long, termed the North Pass, connecting Lake Maurepas on the west with Lake Pontchartrain on the east. The draw-bridge is seldom opened — navi- gation being of little importance. Lake Pontchar- 8 HUNT'S GAZETEER OE THE train is also accessible from New Orleans through, a canal, by which small vessels enter port. These lake waters affording a landing within fire miles of the city, General Packenham perceived the advan- tage in 1812, bnt " Old Hickory" outwitted him by closing up these approaches. PONTCHATOULA, (New Orleans 47 miles- Jackson 136 miles,) is situated on high pine land. Here commences a growth of pine timber which con- tinues along the line of the road for over one hun- dred and twenty miles, perfuming the atmosphere, and conducing to the health for which this region is noted. HAMMOND'S.— Flag station. TICKFAW, (New Orleans 58 miles— Jackson 125 miles,) named after Tickfaw river, is approached upon a very long tangent. This settlement, like many others succeeding, is in the pine woods, and noted for its excellent health, and almost perfect ex- emption from disease. INDEPENDENCE.— Flag station. AMITE, (New Orleans 68 miles— Jackson 115 miles,) derives its name from the county and a river of same name, and is designed as a residence city for those who retreat from New Orleans during the sultry months. Its reputation as a healthy and pleasant location may ensure its success. It now contains one handsome and commodious hotel, five stores and a steam lumber mill. Kelly's Female Academy is within a half mile of town. PROSPECT HILL.— Flag station. TANGIPIHOA, (New Orleans 78 miles— Jack- son 105 miles.) called after a small river dividing Tamany and Livingston parishes, and which empties into Lake Pontchartrain. The place contains three large dry goods stores, and a " New Orleans and Jackson Railroad Hotel." BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 9 ASHLAND.— Flag station. OSYKA, (New Orleans 88 miles— Jackson 95 miles,) is situated in Pike Comity, Mississippi, and almost on the boundary line dividing Louisiana and the former State. Its name perpetuates that of a famous Choctaw Indian ; the place contains about 300 inhabitants. A stratum of gravel is here per- ceptible, under a red top-soil ; and also a change in the growth of timber. CHATAWA.— Flag station. MAGNOLIA, (New Orleans 98 miles— Jackson 85 miles,) named after the splendid evergreen pecu- liar to the Southern clime, a species of which grows spontaneously in the vicinity. It is in Pike County, Mississippi, and occupies perhaps the most eligible site of all the new towns along the road. The place contains one hotel, a few stores, some pleasant look- ing homes, and a population of 200. It is yet amid the " forest primeval," which here consists princi- pally of oak. QUINN'S.— Flag station. SUMMIT (New Orleans 108 miles— Jackson 75 miles) is a point in Pike County, elevated 475 feet above tide. It is " a city set on a hill," between the rivers Bogue Chitto, on the east, and Tangipihoa on the west. It appears to be a prosperous station, and already contains two hotels, twelve stores of various kinde, and about 600 inhabitants. Conspicuous among the residences is that of General Garland. BOGUE CHITTO (New Orleans 118 miles- Jackson 65 miles) derives its title from a neighboring stream, which flows nearly through the middle of the county. The name being translated is said to mean " Big Creek," or " Good Waters." The sta- tion is in the midst of a forest of oak, hickory, &c, and in Pike County, the shiretown of which is Holmes ville. 10 HUNT'S GA2ETEER OF THE BROOKHAVEBT, (New Orleans 128 miles- Jackson 55 miles,) situated in Lawrence County, was designed as the depot-outlet for Brookliaven, an old post village, 1 1 miles distant ; but (as in other simi- lar instances) " the child has become father to the man." This locality is said to be 485 feet above tide, and the kighest point on the road. Its population is 400. Trains take meals at the Bowen House. There are over a dozen stores, and one other hotel. Be- yond the surrounding pine woods cotton and corn are produced, and the place is remarkably healthy. BAHALA (New Orleans 138 miles— Jackson 45 miles) obtains its title from Bahala creek, which en- ters Pearl river in Lawrence County. This station is located in Copiah County, 10 miles from Gallatin, its capital. It is about 50 miles from Bahala, west- ward to the Mississippi river. The place contains two stores, church, school, and " Mrs. Miller's House," which is somewhat inviting. HAZLEHTJRST (New Orleans 148 miles— Jack- son 35 miles) is a station named in compliment to George H. Hazlehurst, Esq., the efficient Chief-En- gineer of the road. It is in the County of Copiah, (an Indian word, signifying "screech owl") and al- though not yet " out of the woods," the tenements now building give promise of a future village. CRYSTAL SPRINGS, (New Orleans 158 miles — Jackson 25 miles,) located on the east side of tho road, is in Copiah County. One large store and a few tenements comprise the place. " The murmur- ing pines and the hemlocks," through which the road traverses, (with but little variation of a differ- ent growth,) for over 100 miles, here give place to timber of various other descriptions, while the mixed soil changes to red earth and occasional quicksands. TERREY (New Orleans 167 miles— Jackson 16 miles) is in Hinds County, Mississippi — a famous dis- trict, named in honor of Colonel Thomas Hinds. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 11 Tliere are but three large buildings, of a commercial character. A daily stage connects this point with Raymond, the county seat, 18 miles westward. The surrounding country ships from this depot 10,000 bales annually, and the census of 1850 exhibits the interesting fact that "Hinds" produced a greater quantity of beans and peas than any other county in the Union. BYRAM, (New Orleans 74 miles — Jackson 9 miles,) a depot for the vicinity, is located near Pearl river, (which derives its name from the quality of the sand composing its shores, and a stream also said to be more tortuous than any other of its length in the world,) which forms the eastern boundary of Hinds County. Most of the surrounding country is under cultivation, producing cotton and corn as its staples. Above Byram is found a bed of light-colored rocks, in one of the cuts — a curiosity in this region. JACKSON, (New Orleans 183 miles— Grand Junction, 212 miles,) named after the immortal hero, is situated in Hinds County, and is the capital of the State of Mississippi. It occupies a handsome site on the right bank of Pearl river, in a region originally inhabited by the Choctaw nation. It is considered healthy, and has a population of 4,500. The produc- tions of the vicinity are vegetables and fruit, to- gether with the two staples, corn and cotton, of which latter over 3,000 bales are forwarded annually. 12 hunt's gazeteer of the NEW ORLEANS AND JACKSON AND MISSISSIPPI -RAILROAD. TUGALOO, (New Orleans 190 miles — Grand Junction 205 miles,) a flag- station on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. CALHOUN, (New Orleans 199 miles — Grand Junction 196 miles,) a post village on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. •CANTON, (New Orleans 206 miles— Grand Junc- tion 189 miles,) a beautiful post village, capital of Madison County, Miss., on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. VATJGHAN'S, (New Orleans 220 miles— Grand Junction 175 miles,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R, GOODMAN, (New Orleans 234 miles— Grand Junction 161 miles,) a post village on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. WEST'S, (New Orleans 250 miles— Grand Junc- tion 145 miles,) a post village, capital of Simpson County, Miss., on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. WINONA, (New Orleans 270 miles— Grand Junc- tion 125,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R.R. GRENADA, (New Orleans 293 miles— Grand Junction 102,) a thriving post village of Tallobusha County, Miss., on the Tallobusha river, 113 miles N. E. from Jackson, on N. O. & J. Miss. R. R. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. lj COFFEEVILLE, (New Orleans 310 miles- Grand Junction 85 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Tallobusha County, Miss., 130 miles N. E. from Jackson ; lias two newspaper offices ; popula- tion about 850, on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. E. WATER VALLEY, (New Orleans 323 miles — Grand Junction 72 miles,) a post village on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. OXFORD, (New Orleans 341 miles— Grand Junc- tion 54,) a pleasant and thriving post village ; capi- tal of Lafayette County, Miss. ; 180 miles north of Jackson, and is one of the most healthful places in the State, on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. ABBEVILLE, (New Orleans 351 miles— Grand Junction 44,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. & Miss, R. R. HOLLY SPRINGS (25 miles from Junction— 167 miles from Jackson) is the eapital of Marshal County, Miss., which is reputed to be proportionately the largest cotton-producing district in the world. The town was founded in 1836, and now contains 2,500 inhabitants. Its name is derived from an in- teresting legend detailed by the Chickasaws : Coila, the lovely daughter of Sheka, dwelt here, with her noble father, beneath a beautiful grove, and amidst which gushed forth two limpid springs, surrounded by over-bending liolly. Beautiful as the stars she worshipped, she was in turn idolized by the young warriors of her tribe, and her laughing maidenhood glided by placid as a summer dream. Sikola, the eagle, and Coahoma, the red fox, were two braves who wooed the tawny maiden ; but the former, proving successful in his love, wedded Coila. Jeal- ousy filled the soul of Coahoma, and aroused his vengeance. Finally, when Sikola reposed in the arms of his lovely spouse, at the deep midnight hour, Coahoma, with a party of fiendish associates, entered the marriage wigwam, and slew Sikola, 14 hunt's gazeteer of the whilst the winged arrow of another also carried un- timely death to the startled Coila. Earth lost its guardian angel, and wept a fountain of tears. These fountains still flow, and the sparkle of their dancing waters perpetuate the legend of the bright-eyed Coila, and christen the spot " Holly Springs." The town is remarkable for its beauty and health- ful location — being situated upon an elevated and extended range of table lands. " Cutler's Well" is near the public square, and its waters possess great medicinal properties. Fifteen thousand bales of cotton were sold here in 1856. There are about forty mercantile establish- ments, and which also supply the adjacent country trade. The citizens are known for intelligence and hospitality, and thus evidence the effect of, and en- joy the beneficial results which naturally accrue to the fostering of education. MEMPHIS AND CHARLESTON RAIL- ROAD, The City of Memphis— One of the brightest jewels upon the brow of tho Father of Waters — Her enterprise, her intelligence, and her hospitality are imbued with the grandeur and magnificence of the scenery by which she is surrounded. May she over flour- ish, a focus of beauty, wealth, and refinement; and may her future greatness, even still moro than her present prosperity, verify the prediction: " Westward the course of empire takes its way." — Toast, ,l Eailroad Jubilee.'" MEMPHIS, (Vicksburg 348 miles — Stevenson 271 miles,) the Western terminus of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, is handsomely situated on BORDER AlSTD SOUTHERN STATES. 15 the Fourth Chickasaw Bluff, from which it obtains the soubriquet of the " Bluff City." It was laid out in 1819, under the joint proprietorship of Gen. Jack- son, Gen. James Winchester and John Overton, Esq., who had'obtained the land from the Federal Gov- ernment, and in 1826 was passed the first charter of Memphis by the Legislature of Tennessee. Its earliest history (in the year 1540) designates the site of Memphis as having been occupied by a village called Chisca, near which Ferdinand de Soto, the immortal misguided Spanish explorer encamped his followers, and subsequently crossed the Mississ- ippi. Population, (including that of her environs,) 25,000 ; it is located 750 miles above New Orleans, and 420 miles below St. Louis. McGKEHEE'S, (flag station.)— Here are the splen- did mansions of Messrs. McGehee and Cooper, which present a very attractive appearance. Two such fine residences are seldom found anywhere in the rural districts, and are highly indicative of their owners' taste and. liberality. BUNTYBT, (Memphis 6 miles— Stevenson 265 miles,) a wood and water station ; named after Ger- aldus Buntyn, Esq., whose residence, immediately fronting the station, will attract the observation of the traveler. WHITE'S, (flag station,) or the abode of Eppy White, has been long known as a camping-place for travelers, and an old post-station. During the sum- mer the vicinity is a place of general resort for par- ties of pleasure, camp-meetings, etc. GERMANTOWN (Memphis 15 miles— Steven- son 256 miles) derives its name from having been settled by several German families, and was regular- ly laid out in 1834 by Colonel G.P. Shepherd. Pres- ent population i3 about 800— one-third being slave. Healthfully situated on a high ridge between Non- 16 hxjxt's gazeteer op the connah creek and Wolf river. A plank road also connects it with Memphis. The surrounding country produces most of the grains and fruits peculiar to the soil— cotton being the staple, and most marketable. " Nashoba," " White Sulphur," and " Brunswick" Springs are delightfully located in groves of ever- greens, within a distance of two miles, and are favor- ite resorts'for residents of the neighborhood. The town contains one cotton-gin factory and other mechanical establishments, dry goods and grocery stores, and two hotels. The inhabitants are gener- ally moral, intelligent, and a reading people, support- ing three churches, and an excellent school for boys and girls. A half mile east of Gerniantown, and facing the road on the north, stands the " Shelby Classical and Military Institute," under the superintendence of Colonel A. M. Rafter, assisted by an able corps of in- structors. This institution — which so advantage- ously unites a collegiate education with military dis- cipline — enjoys an excellent reputation. FOB.EST HILL (flag station) Seminary for Young Ladies is located on the north side of the road, about three miles further east. Will in time be a handsome spot. NEVILLE.— Flag station. BB AY'S.— Flag station. COLLIERVILLE (Memphis 24 miles— Steven- son 247 miles) occupies a high position on the same ridge of ground with Germantown, Wolf river being on the North, and Nonconah creek toward the South. The railroad depot is located one-fourth of a mile South of the village. The surrounding country is an undulated light or mulatto soil, rich in productions peculiar to tlie latitude. The town contains about 250 inhabitants, and sus- tains a number of stores and produce houses, several BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 17 mechanical shops. Tliere are also male and female high schools, and a mixed school for juveniles. The Methodist, Baptist, Campsettlers and Cumberland Presbyterian congregations comprise the religious denominations. In the vicinity of this station are three steam and two water-power mills, successfully operating in lumber and produce. Passengers alight here for Macon, Tennessee. — Stage tri-weekly. "WALKER'S.— Flag station. LAFAYETTE. (Memphis 31 miles— Stevenson 240 miles,) named after the gallant and patriotic Frenchman, is situated on what is termed " second- bottom land," which is a level tract, and about one- half mile South of Wolf river. The Post-Office hers is called Rossville. The surrounding country is gently undulated ; the climate considered healthy ; staple productions — cotton, corn and wheat. Marshall Female Institute is located about five miles South, contiguous to the boundary line between Tennessee and Mississippi, and occupies an inviting site. It is conducted by Rev. Joseph Douglass, with competent assistants, and sustains a very superior reputation.^ Passeegers leave cars here for Mt. Pleasant, Miss- issippi. HAY'S CROSSING.— Flag station. MOSCOW, (Memphis 39 miles— Stevenson 232 miles,) named after the renowned metropolis of Rus- sia, was founded about the year 1825 — nothing of in- terest connected therewith. It is situated between Wolf river and a Northern Fork of that stream, one fourth of a mile from their confluence. The present population numbers about 200. Contains no promi- nent institutions of learning. 18 hunt's gazetekh of the The climate is generally healihy, and the country fertile, yielding principally cotton and grain. Very little attention given to raising stock. In the vicin- ity are two fine water-power grist mills, owned by Messrs. Thomas G. Anderson and J. J. McCaughan ; also a number of chalybeate and sulphur springs — places of general resort — two and a half miles from town. Moscow is the connecting point of the Branch Railroad to Somerville, 13 miles distant. Passengers leave cars here for Early Grove, Miss- issippi. "WTLLISTON (on branch to Somerville, 7 miles from Moscow) is a depot named after Henry Willis, Esq., whose plantation it adjoins. It is regarded the half-way point between Moscow and Somerville. SOMERVILLE (on branch, 13 miles from Mos- cow, 52 from Memphis) was named after Lieutenant Somerville, an officer in the war of 1812, and who received a mortal wound at the battle of Taladega, in Alabama. The town was incorporated in 1823 as the seat of Justice of Fayette* County, in the very centre of which it is located. It is on a fine plat of land, at an elevation of 60 feet above Loosahatchie creek, near which it is situated. The population is about 1,200. The country around has an undulating surface ; a good soil, producing cotton, com, wheat, oats, &c, with fruits and vegetables in abundance. The soil is of clay and sand mixture, having an un- der-stratum of stiff pipe-clay. Its industrial establishments consist of various factories and tanneries, together with several flour- ing mills, propelled by steam and water-power, situ- ated in and about the town. * FaydU County possesses an excellent soil, and Is extensively cultivated ; and which, in addition to the usual staples, produced in 1850 a greater quantity of cotton and sweet potatoes than any other in the gtate. BOEDER AND (BOUTHEBN STATES. 19 There are two academical institutions of consid- erable reputation — a male academy and the Young Ladies' Model School. Somerville terminates the branch which com- mences at Moscow. CHOM WELL.— Flag station. LA GRANGE (Memphis 49 miles — Stevenson 222 miles) is located in the South. Western corner of Fayette County, which being named after the im- mortal Lafayette, (although now contracted to 'Fay- ette,) the town commissioners, to further compliment the friend of Washington and our country, christen, ened their place with the name of his home in France — La Grange. GRAND JUNCTION (Memphis 52 miles — Stevenson 219 miles) is the intersecting point with the Mississippi Central Railroad, leading south to- ward Holly Springs, and the Mississippi Central and Tennessee Railroad, leading north toward Bolivar and Jackson, which two roads will form important links in the magnificent chain which, at no long period, is destined to connect New Orleans and Cairo, Illinois. The spot, in 1855, was a cotton field, upon which Progress had not yet imprinted her footsteps, save the stakes which designated the Memphis and Char- leston Railroad's future location. The town plat was determined by J. Jay Williams, then Chief-En- gineer, and the first building was erected in January, 1855 — and which, being a house of refreshment, be- came a Horeb-rock unto the elevating and excavat- ing sons of Erin — who constituted the primitive citizenship. The surrounding country is high and very broken ; healthy, and well adapted to the culture of cotton and grain. The nearest water-course is Wolf river, from which stream water is conveyed in pipes to Grand Junction. This is almost the sole depend- 20 hunt's gazeteer of the ence of the town for this essential element, and th« natural scarcity of it forms a most serious drawback. Some beautiful views can be had from an emi- nence within half a mile, and which are rendered at- tractive in presenting distant surveys of the neigh- boring towns of La Grange, Saulsbury and Van Buren. MISSISSIPPI CENTRAL AND TEN- NESSEE EAILEOAD, BOLIVAR, (18 miles from Junction,) the first important station on the Mississippi Central and Tennessee Railroad, is a handsome and thriving town of about 1,500 inhabitants, and capital of Har- deman County ; is situated upon a gentle eminence, one mile south of Hatchee river, which stream is navigable during about half the year. The town is surrounded by rich land, beautifully undulated, and contains among its inhabitants many wealthy and distinguished planters. The trade of the place is active, and increasing. Dunlap's Chalybeate Springs are located two and a half miles from Bolivar. They are greatly resort- ed to during the summer, and the waters regarded as possessing fine curative qualities. JACKSON, (50 miles from Junction,) named after the immortal hero of New Orleans, was laid out in August, 1822, by State Commissioners, for the express purpose of establishing the capital of Madi- son County. Its location is on the south fork of BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 21 Forked Deer river, a stream navigable to this point only by the smallest grade of steamboats, in favor- able stages of water. The surrounding country is of a level character, rich and fertile, producing the sta- ples in abundance, and fruits and vegetables in un- usual variety. The geological character of the soil is distinguished as of the "orange sand group." Mason's Wells, 10 miles eastward, is a place of re- treat during the summer. The town contains sev- eral steam saw-mills, a foundry, and the usual neces- sary mercantile and mechanical establishments. — Population about 3,000. The Western Division of the State Agricultural Sotiety owns property here, upon which it holds its annual fairs. The Federal and Superior, besides the inferior courts, are con- vened herei — the court-hause occupying the centre of the public square. The educational institutions comprise West Ten- nessee College, the Memphis Conference Female - In- stitute, besides two Seminaries, (male and female,) all of which enjoy a liberal patronage. Two news- papers are published here. Jackson is the Northern terminus of the Mississ- ippi Central and Tennessee Railroad, and connects here with the Mobile and Ohio, leading toward Cairo, and now operated (by the M. C. & T. R. R.) to Mc- Cony's Mill, 10 miles North of Jackson. Since the completion of the railroad, the business of Jackson has greatly increased, *and bright hopes are entertained for its future advancement and pros- perity. Through. Route continued: SATJLSBTJItY (Memphis 58 miles— Stevenson 213 miles) was established in 1854, by the citizens Of Berlin, a little village in the southern environs ; but, as the majestic oak absorbs the little acorn from which it grew, so has Saulsbury tapped th» life- 23 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE. blood of Berlin, and leaves it almost without " a local habitation and a name." The place derives its name from Major Sauls, former proprietor of the land. The country adjacent is somewhat broken and fer- tile, producing cotton, corn and wheat, together with tobacco, rice, oats, rye and potatoes. The landscape bears no distinguishable feature, except a cone- shaped mountain, which looms up into the blue heavens, in Tippah County, Miss., five miles distant. The section of country lying between Junction and Saulsbury has been ascertained to be the highest between Memphis and Tuscumbia. Fox's Chalybeate Springs, four miles from Sauls- bury, toward the north, -affords a delightful pleasure resort. The recently established "Woodland Fe- male Institute," located on the railroad three-fourths of a mile west of the town, is a desirable educational institution for students of both sexes. Population about 300, industrious and intelligent citizens, whose business engagements are of a mer- cantile character. It is situated on the head waters of Spring Creek, near the southern boundary of Hardeman County, Tenn., about 27 miles south of Bolivar. Passengers alight for Ripley, Miss. MIDDLETON, (Memphis 69 miles— Stevenson 202 miles) named in compliment to John Middleton, Esq., a member of the original Engineer Corps. The spot was laid out as a depot in August, 1855. The locality was originally occupied by the Chero- kee Indians, but they have left no monumental relics here to perpetuate their history. The place contains about 150 of a population, and is situated on a pleasant ridge, which slopes each way two miles, to Muddy and Porter's Creeks. It is surrounded by " the forest primeval," through which meanders small streams, affording water for stock, of which considerable is raised. The country is healthy and productive. The top-soil, being thin, is BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 23 greatly enriched by an under-straturn of marl, the good effect being further increased when it is spread upon the surface. The region abounds also in chaly- beate springs, but they are without importance. There is one good female school. The prospects for future improvement are deemed rather inauspi- POCAHONTAS, (Memphis 74 miles— Stevenson 197 miles,) deriving its name from the immortal Indian princess, is a thriving village, located on a beautiful tract of table land, on the south bank of Big Hatchee River, one mile below its confluence with the Tuscumbia. The spot was selected in 1825, by some land spec- ulators, who were favorably impressed with the lo- cality as a point of navigation, but whose hopes were frustrated by their discovering its extreme re- moteness from market, great delay in improvement of navigation facilities, and other causes — which in- duced an utter abandonment of the scheme, and dis- posal of the land. Its buried prospects were resur- rected by the location of Memphis and Charleston depot upon the ancient site, in 1854, and since which date it has steadily progressed. Evidences of an aboriginal occupation exist in the various mounds, one of which is contiguous to the village hotel. The country about is fertile, produc- ing the staples, fruits and melons, and unsurpassed for sweet potatoes and turnips. Considerable stock is also raised here, particularly sheep. The extensive bottom-lands on Hatchee and Tus- cumbia rivers, and Big Muddy and other creeks, abound in the finest timber. The soil is an alluvial dark loam, more yellow at higher points, and con- taining free-stone water. The densely timbered hill lands and bottoms, including an area of 30 miles, designate Pocahontas as a most available centre for lumbering, and it possesses already four steam and four water-power mills in successful operation. Upon 24 hunt's gazeteer op the these extraordinary lumber resources, the highest hopes have been reasonably anchored. Adjacent to the Hatchee, on Captain Davis' plan- tation, is a fine, bold chalybeate spring, much re- sorted to, and for the waters of which are claimed great curative virtues. The surrounding woods affords ample game to amuse and repay a visit of the Nimrods whose time can be thus appropriated. A tri- weekly line of coaches connects with Ripley, Pontotoc, Aberdeen and Columbus, Mississippi — present terminus of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. BIG HILL, (Memphis, 79 miles— Stevenson, 192 miles,) flag station. It is a principal outlet for lum- ber, there being numerous saw-mills in the vicinity. The excavation through which the road passes is 85 feet in depth, and involved the removal of 220,000 cubic yards of material. It is one of the most ex- tensive cuts in the South ; was completed in June, 1856, by Messrs. Kennedy and Gray, the well-known railroad contractors. Its sides being composed of layers of sandstone, will prevent apprehension from slides. CHAWALLA (Memphis, 84 miles — Stevenson, 187) is situated in McNary County, Tenn., within 1$ miles of the Mississippi State line. The name is a Chickasaw word, meaning " gray water."' The for- mer proprietorship of the land was vested in the Chickasaw nation ; and as the governmental bound- aries'were only established after the comparatively recent cession and relinquishment of the lands by the Indians, it has scarcely doffed its primitive glory. — Numerous traces of its former inhabitants are mani- fest in the presence of quantities of spear and arrow- heads, earthen-ware, and rude implements of stone, found everywhere. Chawalla lies in Indian. Creek Valley, 1£ miles north of the confluence of Hatchee and Tuscumbia rivers, and is immediately surrounded by well farm- ed land .producing a good yield. Cattle and hogs are BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 25 raised in great abundance for home consumption and exportation. An immense bed of marl underlies this entire re- gion at a depth of from 10 to 15 feet, and occasionally reaching to the surface. No future mining will ever exhaust these immense soil-invigorating resources. Three steam saw-mills, supplying 100,000 feet of lumber per week, comprise the chief-business of the station. Between Chawalla and Corinth, and immediately on the line which divides the States of Tennessee and Mississippi, is found the first deposit of marl. — An examination of this peculiar substance gives suf- ficient evidence of its being a deposit of the sea in ages gone by. Shells, oysters, clams, (petrified,) fos- sil remains of fish, and other marine creations, have been exhumed from it. Its recuperating effects upon worn-out soil, and its fertilizing qualities have been amply tested, and its worth has become so undoubt- ed that it is contemplated to organize companies for the purpose of mining, and giving to the agricultural world a manuring ingredient, equal in virtue and less expensive than guano. This valuable material subsequently occurs in the excavations to the eastward, as far as Burns. CORINTH (Memphis, 93 miles— Stevenson, 178 miles) is the point where the Mobile and Ohio Rail- road will cross the Memphis and Charleston, nearly at right angles, and by which connections will be formed with Mobile bay on the south, 328 miles, and the Ohio Eiver on the north. It is situated in Tish- amingo* County, Miss., about four miles south of *Tishamixgo, whoso honored name the county hoars, was a magnanimous Indian Chief of the Chickasaw nation. He lived to a green old age, and died, according to some accounts, upon his own hunting grounds, and is buried in the vicinity of Corinth, while others aver that he emigrated to Arkansas, and died in a stranger land.' 26 HTJtfT'a S-AZBTBHR OF THE the Tennessee State line. The first house was erect- ed in the winter of 1855, and in a period of eighteen months the population increased to over 1,500. The surrounding country comprises both hill and bottom lands — good for general agriculture. Tus- cumbio creek, a principal tributary to Hatchee River, runs within three miles of town, amid an extensive bottom of superior timber. These forests also abound in wild game, while the waters teem with myriads of the finny tribe. Seven miles eastward commences a wilderness of pine trees. Quite a num- ber of steam saw-mills are already in operation, and doing a profitable business. There are two fine* chalybeate springs contiguous to the place, which it is contemplated to fit out aa summer resorts. The celebrated Harden County Red and White Sulphur Springs are located twelve miles to the northeast, in a high and romantic region. Ex- tensive marl beds abound throughout the entire vi- cinity. There is in successful operation a large es- tablishment for the manufacture of furniture, planing and general wood working. Beautifully located upon an eminence, southwest of the depot, is Corona Female College, an individual enterprise in the cause of education, and of a merito- rious character. The place is named after ancient and classic Cor- inth. It enjoys a flattering prospect for the future, and from its being an embryo railroad center, it is, no doubt, destined to become a large and flourishing inland town. A survey has been made for a railroad branch to connect Corinth with Hamburg, a point on the Ten- nessee river, 1G miles, and 4 miles from Pittsburgh Landing, where the great battle was fought, April 7, 1862, where General Beauregard was defeated, and retreated to Corinth, and on the 29th of May he was driven out by Generals Halleck and Buell ; and in July, General Rosecrans defeated the rebel Gene- rals, Van Dorn and Price, at this place. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 37 NINETY-EIVE MILE SIDING. — Flag sta- tion. GLENDALE, (Memphis, 101 miles— Stevenson, 170 miles,) a station named in honor of Robert Glenn, Esq., is situated in a very rough and mountainous district. The valleys are rich and fertile, but the hills are sandy and unproductive. Lumbering is the chief business. BURNS (Memphis, 107 miles — Stevenson, 164 miles) derives its name from Jerry Burns, who set- tled upon the land in 1853, near the present depot. It is situated in Tishamingo County, Miss., 9 miles from Jacinto, the shiretown. From this point it is 12 miles to Eastport, on the Tennessee River, and 1 5 to the Hardin County Springs, for which latter place of resort, Burns is the principal outlet, a daily coach traversing the route. Burns is located in Yellow Creek Valley, and sur- rounded by fertile lands and hills of fine timber. A very lucrative business attaches to the steam saw- mills in operation — the lumber being sent abroad by railroad. Much good land remains in a state of na- ture, unreclaimed and uncultivated. The arable land is better adapted to grain culture than to cot- ton. The village contains about 350 inhabitants, eight business houses, two churches and one school. Ex- cellent roads diverge into all sections of the country about, and this means of easy transit is relied upon as an important dependence for the town's future. The entire country was originally possessed by the Chickasaw Indians, who treated with govern- ment, and vacated it in 1836-7. Subsequently much stock was raised by pioneer whites, who found it quite profitable. This vicinity is also notorious as the rendezvous of Jack Derrick, a most infamous land pirate, who, with his organized band of robbers, committed depredations in Alabama, Mississippi, Ten- nessee and Arkansas. 28 hunt's gazeteer of the I-U-KA (Memphis, 115 miles — Stevenson, £56 miles) perpetuates the name of a distinguished, Irrave and magnanimous son of the forest, who formerly dwelt on the premises. His cabin, which stood about 200 yards from the depot, was universally known as a resting place for the traveler through that once be- nighted region, and a resort for all who loved friend- ship and good cheer. Weary and worn by his day's journey, the pioneer was wont to rest with safety beneath I-u-ka's roof ; and the venerable chief was equally beloved and honored by whites and Indians. Like the immortal Logan, his name is classed with the brave and generous of his race. He died on the spot, about the year 1835-6. I-u-ka was laid out as a town plot in April, 1857, and at present numbers 400 population. It is sur- rounded by a generally poor country, the uplands heavily timbered. The health of the locality is evi- denced in the fact, that by the census of 1850, Tisho- mingo County is shown to be, according to its popu- lation, the healthiest county in the United States ! — Cotton, corn, &c, are the agricultural products — soil rather sandy. Hardin County Springs are also accessible from I-u-ka, and it is the railway outlet for Eastport, a point of navigation on Tennessee river, eight miles distant. A chalybeate spring, contiguous to the depot, is asserted to be the best and strongest in Mis- sissippi. It is also noted for four mineral springs, which were found to cure the worst cases of chronic diarrhoea in the army. A number of saw-mills are operating in the vicin- ity. The survey of the projected New Orleans. Jack- son and Great Northern Railroad, crosses the M. and C. Railroad in Bear Creek bottom, four miles east- ward. There are ten stores of various kinds, some mechanical establishments, and a weekly newspaper. I-u-ka must necessarily become the de L >ot for a large scope of country southward, of which it is the only outlet. The place offers many inducements I BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 29 in a business way, and its future prospects are con- sidered unusually fair. ROSEBUD. — A flag station. There are some steam saw-mills in the vicinity, which send to mar- ket a considerable amount of excellent lumber. The State Line dividing Mississippi and Alaba- ma runs between I-u-ka and Dickson — represented by Big Bear Creek. DICKSON (Memphis, 127 miles— Stevenson, 144 miles) is a depot located on the property of William Dickson, Esq., a director, and one of the most stead- fast friends of the railroad. His palatial mansion occupies a fine position on an eminence on the south 6ide of the road. This region, which is very beautiful and product- ive, was originally the home of Levy Colbert, princi- pal chief of the Chickasaw nation, who settled here about the year 1800. From the base of a limestone bluff, 60 feet high, upon which his wigman was erec- ted, still gushes forth the noted "Ruzzard Roost Spring," a well remembered resting spot and camp- ground for travelers on the old Natchez Trace — once the only trackway between Nashville and New-Or- leans — and this place was considered the most beau- tiful and desirable on the route. From the earliest date known, this section of coun- try has been denominated " Buzzard Roost" — an im- proper translation of the Indian word She-ka^nooso , or, " Buzzard Sleep" — but the origin of the appela- tion is unknown to tradition or history. CHEROKEE (Memphis, 129 miles— Stevenson, 142 miles) derives its name from Cherokee Branch, upon the banks of which the Cherokee nation halted, en route westward, in 1835-'6 ; the entire vicinity is noted for its fine spring water and choice hunting grounds. This depot is situated about five miles from Tennes- 80 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE see river, at Newport or Chatham's Ferry ; 5 \ mu.es from Georgetown or Colbert's old Ferry, the crossing point of the Natches train-road, cut out and traveled by General Jackson on his way to New Orleans. It is upon a ridge midway between Big Bear and Cane Creeks. Country generally healthy, and producing the staples of the latitude. BARTON (Memphis, 133 miles — Stevenson, 138 miles) was commenced in October, 1856, and named after the proprietor of the land, A. C. Barton, being comprised in the old Chickasaw purchase, It is ad- jacent to Tennessee river, and situated in a beautiful valley from four to six miles wide. Climate healthy and soil productive in cotton, corn and grain. This section of country is regarded as among the most at- tractive in North Alabama. The landscape is height- ened by a mountain range, 2* miles south, rounded on the north by the Tennessee river. PRIDE'S. — Flag station. TXJSCTJMBIA (Memphis, 145 miles — Stevenson, 126 miles) immortalizes the name and fame of a most distinguished chief of the Chickasaw Indians, who formerly presided over this section. In 1818-19 the national government offered the lands for sale, and laid out the town. The population is about 1,600. It is situated in the healthful and beautiful valley of the Tennessee, one and a half miles south of the river. Here may be found one of the most celebrat- ed of the Indian springs, called Ococopasa, which signifies " Cold Water." The stream issues from beneath a high limestone bluff, and spreads into a channel 50 feet wide, but shallow. It dashes forth in its liquid light at a rate estimated to be 17,000 cubic feet per minute. The water is of excellent quality, limpid and sparkling, and retains the tem- perature of 60° the whole year round. The soil of the encircling valley is lich and lasting BORDER AND (SOUTHERN BTATES. SI r or agricultural purposes, cotton being the great sta- *ple, (the yield is 100,000 bales per annum,) while nearly all the cereal grains are generally raised in abundance for home consumption. The peculiar feature in the landscape is a magnifi- cent range of mountains which border on the south, from the cloud-kissing brows of which (at an" eleva- tion of 400 to 500 feet) is unfolded to Nature's admir- ing worshippers the silver bosom of the meandering river, and the living green of one of the loveliest valleys in the South. The Franklin, Ligon and Bailey Springs — places of considerable resort — are within 15 miles of Tus- cumbia, and whose waters maintain high reputation for recuperative virtues. * The vicinity also contains the " Cypress," ff Lauderdale," and other extensive cotton factories, besides flouring and other mills. — Two good male and one female school comprise the educational institutions of the place. A branch of the Memphis and Charleston Rail- road extends two miles to Tuscumbia Landing, on the Tennessee river. Another branch of five miles length is also in progress to Florence. The contem- plated Nashville and New Orleans road will also in- tersect at this point. Tuscumbia is pre-eminently the pioneer town in the inauguration of southern railways, west of the Allegheny mountains. * As early as 1830 did its en- terprising citizens originate the old Tuscumbia, Courtland and Decatur Railroad, 45 miles long — to avoid the Muscle Shoals* — the completion of which was celebrated in 1834. Eight years subsequent, this primeval effort was amalgamated with the great *The celebrated Muscle Shoals are an extensive series of rapids in that part of the Tennessee river which lies in the extremo northern part of the State. The descent of the water hero ia 100 feet in the course of 20 miles. The neighborhood is a famou3 resort of wild ducks and geese, which come in great flocks in search of the shell-fish from which the rapids derivo their name. The waters also contain immense quantities of excellent fish ; 32 hunt's gazeteer op the enterprises which have now consummated the origi- nal idea of effecting an iron way from the Father of Waters to Old Ocean. The Magnetic Telegraph Company has an office here. Stages leave Tuscumbia regularly for Florence and Bailey's Springs. HOBGOOD'S.— Flag station. LEIGHTON", (Memphis, 155 miles— Stevenson, 116 miles,) situated in the north-western part of Lau- rens County, Alabama, is named after Wm. Leigh, the original proprietor. When originated, in 1820, it bid fair to become a locality of some importance, but upon the death of the enterprising Leigh it re- lapsed to inactivity. Population rather meagre in number. The surrounding country is beautiful, high enough to be well drained, and comprises the Tennesse val- ley—the river being five miles distant from the sta- tion. Two public roads also intersect each other here. Cotton is raised abundantly as the great sta- ple, together with grain and stock. From the dis- tant mountain-tops a view of ten miles expanse is unfolded to the spectator, and which, in summer time, possesses an enchanting magnificence. The adjacent mountains contain inexhaustible quantities of rich iron ore and coal, although comparatively little attention is given to mining. In the same sec- tion exists a body of asphaltum, large quantities of which are continually exported. In the bosom of the mountains are numerous min- eral springs, at which many of the valley planters and thus is provided a most unusual opportunity for the sports- men and anglers in tho surrounding country. Boats cannot pass this part of Tennessee river except at times of very high water, and from which necessity originated tho idea of constructing the old railroad from Tuscumbia to Decatur. A canal was also once built around the shoals, but it has been abandoned, and is falling into decay. BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 33 have summer residences, and as the immediate vicin ity affords fine hunting, the resort hither in the sum mer months is very general. No mills or manufac- tories nearer than those at Tuscumbia. JONESBOHO', (Memphis, 164 miles— Stevenson, 107 miles,) a wood and water station. COTJBTLAin) (Memphis, 168 miles— Stevenson, 103 miles) is a pleasant town, containing about 400 inhabitants, situated in the centro of the beautiful Tennessee valley, in a bend of Big Nance creek, and about seven miles from the Tennessee river, and four miles to the mountains on. the south ; 16 miles from Moulton, tho county seat, and with which place it is now connected by stage line. The country about is level, and though formerly an extensive woodland, has been improved to a cultivated area, embracing very largo plantations. Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, &c, are its principal products. The adjoining coun- ties of Hancock and Walker send considerable stock to market. The McGhee (chalybeate) Springs, nine miles southwest, and the Campbell (sulphur and iron) Springs are much frequented by the neighboring planters. Indian mounds occasionally dot the coun- try — reminiscences of the aboriginal proprietors, who have passed away, and whose epitaphs they are. Of the mechanical pursuits, two extensive gin factories are conspicuous, both of which are said to produce meritorious articles. Tho mercantile busi- ness comprises over a dozen establishments. There are three churches, two hotels, together with a flour- ishing Female Institute, under the auspices of the Masonic Lodge. The railroad passes through the centre of town. — A tri-weekly lino of stages runs to Tuscaloosa, whenco pleasure parties frequently hie to the moun- tains. Northward, tho lovors of fiold sports and fish- ing resort to th© Muscle Shoals, and amid its swift- 84 hunt's gazeteek, op the running waters and bordering forests e'njoy the gold- en opportunities which nature affords. SHERROD'S SPRINGS (wood and water sta- tion) is a magnificent pool of water, and located in an excellent region of country. HXLLSBQRO (Memphis, 176 miles— Stevenson . 95 miles) Station derives its name from Joab Hill, a contractor on the old Decatur and Tuscumbia Rail- road, whose cabin ornamented this spot about the year 1834. This point is six miles south of the Ten- nessee river. The adjacent country is healthy, and the soil productive in cotton and grain. Business appertains chiefly to the shipping of cotton, about 3,000 bales of which are sent forward annually. This region of country being embraced in the fa- mous Tennessee Valley, it may not be inappropriate to subjoin the following beautifully written para- graph : " Along the course of the river on both sides, from where it divides the mountain to the point of its de- flection north, lies one of the most beautiful, rich and fertile valleys of the Southwest. From the river in either direction, north or south, the ground gradual- ly rises, presenting one broad, fiat plain, whose sur- face is interrupted in its evenness by an occasional prominence, more elevated than the rest, and usually covered with cedars, or other growth, which* gives a picturesque variety to the otherwise monotonous landscape. This enchanting and lovely spot com- bines more of beauty in its locality, and of pictur- esque sublimity, than any other portion of Alabama. Bounded on the east by the Cumberland mountain, stretching its continuous length, in a right line, to the northeast — divided centrally, nearly, and in the shape of a crescent, by the rushing river, tumbling- over the broad expansive shoals, known as the " Muscle," — shaded by groves of the lofty oak and poplar — freshened by springs, fountains' and rivulets of sparkling, gurgling water — fragrant with millions BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 35 of flowers— dotted over with villas, plantations and residences of. the nicest tasteful and approved style of architecture, presenting all the blooming- fresh- ness and beauty of flowers, that "adorn the bosom of a bride— and musical with thousands of voices of the feathered songsters, .this lovely spot realizes the vision- of the fabled Easselas. For fertility of soil, sulubrity of climate, health, convenience to market, facilities of intercourse, intelligent, enlightened and moral society, the advantages of schools and colleges, and, in a word, all that contributes to the happiness and prosperity of man, the Tennessee Valley has not its parallel in an equal area of country in the United States.." — Athens Ilerald. TRINITY, (Memphis, 182 miles— Stevenson, 189 miles,) a wood and water station, named after a church near by, which boasts the metropolitan title of " Trinity Church." DECATUR, (Memphis, 188 miles— Stevenson, 83 miles,) one of the oldest and most prominent towns on the route, is situated, on the south bank of Ten- nessee river, in the northwest part of Morgan County, Alabama. Supposed to have been named in compli- ment to the intrepid and immortal Commodore De- catur. The first settlement was by poor pioneers from East Tennessee, about the year 1816. It is re- lated that a severe conflict raged between these and the Indians, on the spot occupied by the town, — the aborigines being routed with considerable, loss. On either bank of the river still exist high mounds, the history and design of which is untold. Decatur contains about 900 inhabitants. The sur- rounding country is gently undulating — not remark- able for fertility, but^roducing a fair yield of cotton, grass, and the cereal grains. The town is located on a high bank, displaying red clay, remarkably firm, and near the water's edge crops out a stratum of grey limestone, which under- lies most of the town, at a depth of about thirty feet. ob HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE The river at this point is straight, running from southeast to northwest, and is 600 yards wide. Op- posite this place are two largo takes, several miles in length, ahout 200 yards wide, and from 10 to 20 feet deep. They contain immense quantities of fish, affording fine sport to all the surrounding country. It is supposed by some that as these lakes run par- allel with the river, they ai one time constituted a part of its bed. There are two watering places in this county — Valhermoso Springs, 24 miles east from Decatur, which contain white sulphur and chalybeate waters. These springs are beautifully located, and are places of considerable resort. The second is the Artesian Wells, six miles west of the town. The principal well contains pure sulphur water, remarkably cool and pleasant. It was bored for the purpose of ob- taining salt, but after attaining a depth of about 350 feet, and finding nothing but sulphur water, the work was abandoned. There is another well at this place, much prized by some for the medicinal pro- perties of the water. There is a largo brick building, onco occupied and worked as a cotton factory, but the machinery has been removed for years, and tho business suspended. One iron foundry now in successful operation, and in connection with it is being erected a flouring mill ; one other saw and grain mill in operation, and in prosperous condition. The fraternity of Odd Follows has established here a very successful and well patronised Female Institute, under the charge of Mr. S. J. Mayhew. — There are also other female and male schools. The Memphis and Charleston Railroad passes di- rectly through the town, crossing the Tennessee river here, upon :i magnificent bridge, 1,560 feet long, which has a " draw" 140 feet wide, to admit the pas- sage of steamboats which ply between Knoxville, Tenn., and Brown's Ferry, the foot of navigation, 12 miles below this place. BORDER -AND SOUTHERN STATES. 37 The Tennessee and Alabama Central Railroad, (now building,) from Nashville to Mobile, crosses the M. & C. R. R. here. There is also in progress a road running seuth — the Alabama Central — to unite with the Selma road at Montevallo, thus forming a second continuous track from Nashville to the southern waters. There is also steamboat communication up the Tennessee river to the Ohio. The trade of this place is very good. A large scope of country is supplied here, with dry-goods, groceries, and supplies generally ; and it is antici- pated that the business and trade of the town will bo greatly augmented upon the completion of the road to Nashville, the whole of which is now under contract, and progressing rapidly. MOORE'S (Memphis, 193 miles— Stevenson, 78 miles) derives its name from the small village of Mooresvillo, situated three miles east from the depot, and contains about 300 inhabitants. It is located in the southwest corner of Limestone County, Alabama, adjacent to the Tennessee river on the south and west, and Piney creek on the east. The climate is considered healthful. The sur- rounding country is a limestone section, exceedingly fertile — the lands being owned by wealthy and intel- ligent planters, and productive in corn and cotton. The White. Sulphur Springs, in Morgan County, Alabama, are the only ones conspicuous or contigu- ous to this point. The Alabama and Tennessee Central Railroad will run north and south, between Moore's and Decatur, giving direct connection with the heart of Middle Tennessee, (via Pulaski and Columbia to Nashville,) and one of the most productive agricultural coun- tries on the globe. This great work (an before stated) is now rapidly progressing. Government lands • have been reserved from mar- ket, with a view to donate them to the benefit of this 38 hunt's gazeteeb. op the road. It is confidently hoped that private enterprise, added to this gift, and other aid from' the-State, will soon complete this most important work. Then will, be developed the immense wealth in coal, iron, luim ber and. water-power, of the mountains to the south- ward. Passengers for Athens take the stage at- Moore's. BIBB'S LANE (flag station) leads to the resi- dence of Porter Bibb, a gentleman widely known as a manufacturer of smoking-pipes. Like Amati," Man- ton, Tobias, and others of the mechanical world, whose handiwork is a synonym e for perfection, hun- dreds of travelers will be pleased to view the spot whence comes their " genuine Bibb.*' JONES' LANE.— Flag station. MADISON, (Memphis, 202 miles— Stevenson, 69 miles,) the first station on the old Decatur and Ste- venson Railroad, was named after the county. The aboriginal history of the vicinity is similar to that of the greater portion of the whole line. Peopled by the Cherokee nation, it was purchased 'by Vir- gians and Georgians, who succeeded as occupants of the Land, and many of whom still live, wealthy planters and land-holders. Two mounds or deposits of the Indian dead, exist as the only braces of the for mer proprietorship. The depot is 10 miles norl u of Tennessee river, and surrounded by la rge and fruitful cotton plantations — grain being only raised for domestic consumption. The quality of the soil has been pronounced as fav- orable to the culture of tobacco, bur the experiment. remains untried. There is not a flouring mill within a circle of ten miles — the need of which is a serious drawback to the culture of grain. Free schools and one male in- stitution, a few miles disiant. comprise the educa- tional feature of the vicinity. The landscape teems with beauty. A. magnificent 39 BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. range of mountains runs parallel with the river on its south side, and bends in its course with the mean- derings of the stream. At the foot of the mountains, and in the. country around, are several fine sulphur and chalybeate springs, at which the seekers of health co-mingle with the votaries of pleasure. The business of this section of country is sub um- bra to Huntsville. MATTHEWS'.— Flag station. HUNTSVILLE (Memphis, 212 miles— Steven- son, 59 miles) was laid out in 1810, and derives its name from, and immortalizes the " squatter settler," Hunt, who was found upon its site when the land was purchased from government. It is reputed to bo the most beautiful of southern inland cities, and is the capital of Madison County. Its location is 17J miles south of the Alabama State line, and 10 miles north of Whitesburg, (formerly Ditto's Landing,) on the Tennessee river, on a beautiful plain, at the base of the last spur of the Cumberland mountains. The city is one mile square, and contains, together with its suburban residents, 8,200. It is laid off at right angles, and the streets and alleys graded and Macadamized, Avhile the foot-walk 8 are mostly ornamented with shade trees. Its princi- pal public buildings are a court-house, located in the square, of Doric architecture, and surmounted by a beautiful dome. It is handsomely fenced in, and sur- rounded by shade trees. The Northern Bank of Alabama is a tasteful and attractive structure, of the Ionic order. The various churches, developing beautiful architectural style, and a theatre, constitute the residue of the public buildings, while the private residences are ample and elegant in structure. Two chartered female schools, the "North Alabama College" and tho " Huntsville Female College," are well-patronized institutions, affording enlarged and liberal courses of instruction. Two male Academies and free schools, in addition to 40 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE. the aforesaid, evidence extraordinary interest in the progress of education ; and constitute a pre-eminent feature of the city's glory. The great natural object of attraction is an im- mense spring, (58°,) which bursts from beneath a high limestone bluff in the very centre of the town, and giving a stream sufficient to float a batteau of 80 tons burthen. From this great fountain head the water is forced into a reservoir 90 feet high, and from thence the town is supplied through iron pipes. Nearly all the residences, however, are furnished with ample and constant wells. This spring was also the source and feeder, many years since, of the " Indian Creek Canal," (an enter- prise then greatly in advance of the times,) wliich connected with Tennessee river, and has borne upon its waters thousands of cotton bales, but which has now become antiquated and useless. The subject of manufactures has been comparative- ly neglected ; a foundry and a steam planing mill being the principal establishments. The health fulness of tho place has been uninter- rupted for over twenty years, being free from epi- demics, and for which reason it has been chosen as the homo of many retired professional men, and of wealthy planters, whose families exhibit, in their social intercourse, a high standard of morals, intelli- gence and refinement. The people seem to live here for comfort and enjoyment ; their dwellings aro ele- gant mansions, and tho style of architecture of the most fashionablo and approved plan ; while their grounds are richly cultivated and tastefully laid off into walks and squares, planted with tho most beau- tiful shrubbery and flowers, giving forth odor, and evidencing a refined appreciation of the lovely and beautiful, by the citizens of this garden spot of the South. No one can visit Huntsvillo without falling in love with it, and tho winds, wafted from the far- oil' North, seem to linger sportingly amid the ever- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 41 greens and flowers, as if "reluctant to leave their per- fume. The country at large opens to the eye an extensive plateau, gently undulated, intersected by detached spurs of the Cumberland mountains, which look down upon the smiling valley, and are prominent in constituting numerous magnificent views. An hour's ride from the town lands the tourist at " Montesano," a point on an adjacent mountain, 900 feet high, and where can be enjoyed a refreshing breeze, cool as if from old ocean, and a drink from a curious spring of freestone water, 61° Fahrenheit — the latter affording an interesting theme for geological investigation. A yet greater curiosity is the existence, upon the very mountain top, of a natural well, known to be 205 feet in depth, but, measured by sound, indicates the extraordinary depth of 900 feet, and which is per- fectly circular and regularly formed. A cave, two and a half miles from Huntsville, in- terests the mineralogical student, and furnishes very fine specimens of limestone formations. Numerous fossil remains also abound. The products of the rich country about are cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, millet and numerous grasses. Elint river and its tributaries water the immediate vicinity, and afford power to numerous mills for ma- nufacturing flour, lumber, and cotton and woolen fabrics. The business of the place is confined principally to a local commerce. The Magnetic Telegraph Com- pany has an office here. The Memphis and Charleston, intersecting the northern suburb, is the only railroad here. The company has'erected machine shops, and otherwise made Huntsville an important depot, in facilitating the road's operations. The City op Huntsville : The lovely home of fair women and bravo men ; of elegant refinement and generous hospitality. A favored bridesmaid at 42 hunt's gazeteeh of the the nuptials of the Mississippi *&d Atlantic; may she share largely in the profitable investments of the Bride and Groom.—" Railroad JUbilee" Toast. FEARN'8, (flag station,) ' named after the dis- tinguished Dr. Fearn, of Huntsville. BUOWNSBOB.O' (Memphis, 223 miles— Steven- son, 48 miles) was selected as the home of a family named Brown, in 1809, and bade fair to prove the nucleus of a future settlement, until about 1885; from which time no additions have been made. There is nothing of peculiar interest in the history of the spot, although Indian mounds and remains of primitive industry and defence still exist to interest the antiquarian. Its location is upon the meandering Flint river, (noted for its abounding fish — salmon, trout, etc.,) which flows into the Tennessee about twenty miles distant. The healthy and fertile country around contains a' wealthy population. On one of the adjacent mountains, at an elevation of 1,200 feet, is a fine chalybeate spring, much Fre- quented by invalids in summer time. " Belle Cotton Factory" is located on Flint river, about four miles westward, and turns out quantities of osnabergs and domestic cotton goods. A. large flour mill also oper- ates at the same place. Northeastward, three miles, is a largo hemp factory ; and contiguous to the depot is a good saw-mill. The neighborhood contains two flourishing schools, male and female. Brownsboro' is the crossing point of the Winches- tor and Alabama Railroad, now in progress, which will connect Decherd Station, on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, with the Guntersvilrle and Sebna Railroad, at Guntersville, Ala. The comple- tion of this route will greatly advance the business of Brownsboro'. COLE'S SPRING (flag station) is a large and beautiful basin of water, full of iish — principally BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 43 trout and pike — a grand resort for the Isaac Wal- tons of the neighborhood. It is in the midst of seve- ral splendid plantations — among them is Ex-Gover- nor Clay's. Here the road leaves Tennessee Valley, and winds amid gaps and spurs of the Cumberland mountains, which encircle beautiful coves on both sides. SCOTT'S.— Flag station. PAINT BOCK, (Memphis, 233 miles— Steven- son, 38 miles,) formerly known as Camden, derives it's present name from its immediate location on Paint Rock River. " Paint Rock" itself is a precipi- tous bluff, about 100 feet high, overhanging Tennes- see river, near its conjunction with the former stream, and has upon its face, sonic hieroglyphics, which seem to have been executed by a mighty Titanic or aboriginal artist, with red paint or other coloring matter. Tradition deciphers these to be the names of some noted Indian warriors. Prior to the rail- road, Paint Rock river afforded the only facility of mercantile transmission in the fertile valley through which it passes. The region is generally healthy, and occupied by substantial farmers, enthusiastic in the, progress of agriculture and .education. For magnificence of scenery and productiveness of soil, Paint Rock valley is chiefly celebrated, and fails not to affect, with pe- culiar force, the lover of Nature. Cotton yields abundantly, while the grains and cattle-raising command attention. One mile distant, in a mountain glade, and elevat- ed 800 feet, are some excellent springs ; affording pleasant retreats, and easy of access. Deer and other wild game offer inducements to the Nimrods of the vicinity. Three hundred children attend the neigh- boring- free schools. Business appertains wholly to the country about. WOODVILLE (Memphis., 238 miles— Stevenson, 44 hunt's gazeteer of the 33 miles) Depot, formerly called " Dilliard's," is three-fourths of a mile east of the village, which was founded in 1817, as the first capital of Jackson County, Alabama-. The establishment of the depot is fast undermining the old town, as in other similar instances. The depot is among the mountains, two miles east of Paint Rock river — the only stream of note within a scope of ten miles. The country is healthy, and produces the usual staples, with the addition of tobacco — attention be- ing also given to stock raising. Stone-coal exists in considerable quantities, and also limestone, which could bo mado valuable if quarried. The mountain sides abound in chalybeate and sul- phur springs — but unknown as places of particular resort. A few manufacturing mills operate in the neigh- borhood, for local business only. LAKKXN'S, (Memphis, 247 miles — Stevenson, 24 miles,) formerly Larkinsville, is a village contain- ing about 200 souls, and situated in " Blue Spring Valley," amid tho Cumberland mountains. ■ It per- petuates the name of David Larkin, who was instru- mental in establishing a post-office hero in 1830. It has a good country trade, which maintains live dry- goods houses, two wholesalo groceries, and one drug- gist. Tho surrounding country yields cotton as the staple, but tho want of a good market has impeded very extensive cultivation. Tho planters have here- tofore become wealthy, mainly by increase of slave property. Recently experiments in tobacco culture have been very successful. Grey and blue limestone and sandstone abound, and oxides and sulphurets of iron are occasionally met with. Steam saw -mills aro numerous, and in the town is a small manufactory of wool aud thread. The conspicuous natural curiosity of this section is Santo Cavo, tho entranco to which is elevated up- on a mountain side, and rime into the depths there- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 45 of to an unexplored distance — over several miles. Its immense arches, domes, natural excavations, &c,, strike the visitor with awe, and almost forbid de- scription. Large amounts of nitrate of potassa were once obtained from the earthy matter in this cave. BELLEFONTE (Memphis, 259 miles— Steven- son, 12 miles) Depot is located one and a half miles from the town, which derives its name from the ex istence of a beautiful fountain at the base of the hill on which it stands. It was laid out in 1820, upon an Indian (Cherokee) reservation, and being made the county seat, the public buildings were built and donated by the liberal founders. Indian mounds, floored with bricks, still exist about three miles dis- tant. The town is situated on an elevated table, be- ing midway between the railroad and Tennessee river, and contains 300 inhabitants. Sand Mountain extends along the opposite side of the river, and Cumberland Mountain borders on the town. The climate is deemed as healthy as that of Tennesseo Valley in general, though chills are preva- lent. The cove lands and river bottoms are of ex- ceeding fertility, and yield abundantly the usual staples — cotton, grains, &c. Numbers of cattle and also grazed in this section. On Sand Mountain, about five miles distant, is a summer resort, much frequented during the sickly seasons — not widely known, but of intrinsic merit.' The Bellefonte Masonic Female Institute, and the Bellefonto Male Academy, are both chartered insti- tutions. Tho town boasts ono newspaper and five dry-goods stores, embracing a capital of |G0,000. STEVENSON (Memphis, 271 miles— Chattanoo- ga, 38 miles, and to Nashville, 113 miles ; see Nash villo Railroad) perpetuates tho namo of its founder, Col. V. K. Stovonson, President of the Nashville am! Chattanooga Railroad, who laid out this depot in 1852. Five miles distant is Coon Island, the site of Coon Town, an ancient Cherokee rendezvous. 40 hunt's gazeteer oe the Stevenson is located at the base of a spur of Cum- berland mountains, two and a half miles from Ten- nessee river, and contains 300 of a population. The surrounding country is a clay soil, rather broken ; climate tolerably healthy, and the principal agricul- tural products are cotton, some grain, horses, cattle, mules and smaller stock. There is one steam circular saw and grist mill, four dry -goods houses, one drug-store and two hotels Stevenson being the intersecting point of the Mem- phis and Charleston and the Nashville and Chatta- nooga Railroads, must necessarily continue to be an important railway centre! The various influences concomitant to railway operations, and the usual expenditures of money at a place like this, must in time greatly redound to the advantage of the town. Among the natural curiosities in the vicinity is "Nickajack Cave," at which a bloody encounter is said to have occurred between the whites and Chero- kees. It has been explored for atveral miles, and abounds in matters interesting to visitors. The scenery about is rendered sublime by the presence of three extensive chains of mountains. Between Stevenson and Chattanooga the road passes along the banks of the Tennessee river, and the base of the Lookout Mountain, affording views picturesque, grand and beautiful. BRIDGEPORT, (Stevenson, 11 miles— Chatta nooga, 27 miles,) a post village of Cocke County, derives its name (like most of such towns) from its peculiar location — a bridging* point. SHELL MOUND, (Stevenson, 1? miles— Chat- tanooga, 21 miles.) so called from the great number of shells and fossils discovered here. The views both up and down flie river from this point are among the finest on the route WHITESIDE (Stevenson 25 miles— Chattanoo- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 47 ga, 13 miles) borrows its name from James A. White- sides, Esq., a director of this road. LOOK OUT (Stevenson, 32 miles— Chattanooga, 6 miles) obtains its name from one of the neighbor- ing mountains, among the most noted earth giants in America, which uplifts its majestic presence to a height of 2,400 feet above the Tennessee river at its base. The ascent to the summit is by a road four miles long, cut out of its. precipitous sides ; and when reached, the lover of nature is amply repaid for his pilgrimage thither. Here, standing on its summit, die tourist drinks a bracing air ; his eye wanders over a vast sea of forest and cultivated fields, until its vision is bounded by the mountains, fifty miles distant. The Tennessee meanders in graceful curves beneath his feet — -now lost to view, and then the glimmer of its waters breaks out again in the far distance. Awful precipices and mighty rocks are all around ; and looking from their dizzy heights, the rushing railway train, hastening along its appointed way, seems a child's toy, a mere plaything, amid the great realities of nature. "From 'the Point/ as it is called, (charmingly writes J. P. P., of Memphis,) the tourist's rapture- smitten eyes peer forth on a wondrous picture of plain, river, city, and farms, and farm-houses, woods and hills, and lofty far-distant mountain ranges, no words can portray, no pencil paint. At one sweep of the eye, frem west to east, six States, it is said, may be seen — Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Virginia. Looking straight out from the pinnacled ' Point' towards the north, the eye is charmed, the heart filled, the soul intoxicated with a vision of loveliness and beauty as rare and- glorious as that which greeted Cortez and his bold followers when from the crest of the Cordilleras their ravished gaze first fell upon the lake-dotted palace-spangled, mountain-girdled valley of Mexico. To the left you behold the Racoon Mountain, one of 48 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE the sentinels of that wild pass where the Tennessee madly breaks through the barriers of its mountain- home ; in front, the Cumberland chain, stretching grandly away towards the north ; to the right, in the near distance, the Chilhoweo range, sweeping around in graceful curves from south to north ; while above and beyond, majestically overtopping all, rise the distant Alleghanies, robed in hues- as ' deeply, dark- ly, beautifully blue/ as poet ever sang, or lover ever dreamed. Within these mountain ranges, and spread out at your feet like an illuminated chart, lies a vast, shield-shaped plain, diversified by wooded hills, sparkling* streams — the lovely Tennessee running through it from end to end, like a curled white rib- bon, garlanding its beauty — thread-like lines of rail- way, fair-lying farms, with speck-like cottages in their midst, and, in the centre, a gem of increasing splendor — the little city of Chattanooga. " It was from this ' Point' that the Indians were wont to descry the distant approach of the emigrant boats of the white men, and give notice to other In- dians, stationed below, to bo in readiness to attack them. History tells us of many a deed of blood and rapine performed in this vicinity. Not far from hence, on the river below, was fought the famous battle of Nickajack, in tho valley and near the cave of that namo. " There are many othor places of interest on and near tho Lookout. Among those are tho ' Rock City,' with regular streets, wo wero told, liko the veritable 'City of Rocks' (Nashville) itself; the ' Elephant Rock,' a mighty boulder, flung from afar in somo brick-bat war of the Titans ; tho ' Bottomless Lake,' a beautiful sheet of limpid water, deeper, it is said, than plummet ever sounded ; the gushing ' Leonora Spring/ and soveral waterfalls of surpass- ing beauty." While wo have apblimo mountain scenery — real, sparkling, bubbling springs and branches, and all that can please the eye, as well as invigorate the BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 49 whole system, "by pure fresh air, etc.; why is it that our people will rush to the overcrowded fashionable resorts, watering-places and cities of tho north, every summer, by hundreds, when it would be so much, more healthy, pleasant and comfortable near at home ? 50 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE J. JO. WALKER, D. S. McKERNAN, Late Major 2d Ind. Cavalry. Indianapolis, lad. WALKER & McEERNAN, mtmm mm mnn, GIVE PROMPT ATTENTION TO. THE (fojliuiiM 0f Claims against t|e (SotottumiL QUARTER-MASTERS' ACCOUNTS, Fay for Horses and other Property lost while in the Service. OFFICERS A! SOLDIERS BACK PAY BOUNTIES AND PENSIONS COLLECTED. We 7iave cm Office at Washington^ inn 1 also 6m at Indianoypolis. Office, No. 41 Cherry-St, South Side. Box 22. Enclose a Stamp NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. REFERENCES*: Governor Andrew Johnson, Tennessee < i ( ) vernor MqRT< >N, Indiana. General Ditmont, Adjutant-General Noble, Indiana. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. WESTEEN & ATLANTIC BAILROAD. See Index for It, H. Singleton. CHATTANOOGA, (Memphis, 309 miles— Nash- ville,.151 miles — Charleston, 446 miles — Savannah, 432 miles — and Knoxville, 120 miles.) Embosomed amid fair woods and hills, and watched over by the lofty " Lookout," and also lovingly girdled by the beautiful and swift-running Tennessee river, lies Chattanooga — the old "Ross Landing" of the early Indian times, when the Cherokee was lord ot the soil, and 'played the brigand and assassin at all the passes of his mountain domain. It is the eastern terminus of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and point of connection with the railway system of Georgia, The town was laid out in 1839, and is now said to contain a population of about 4,000. The facilities afforded by the uninterrupted navi- gation of the river at all seasons, has contributed immensely to the growth of Chattanooga, and- made it a conspicuous shipping point' for. East and Middle Tennessee.. In addition to its merchandising, the place contains various industrial establishments, among which is an extensive car and locomotive fac- tory, and two steam slaughter-houses — where as many as 125,000 hogs have been killed in one year. Two banks, two newspapers, a distillery, and three hotels. Operations have been commenced for the manufac- ture of iron, based upon the deposites of stone-coal and iron ore contained in the surrounding mountain. 52 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE The region being also liberally supplied with timber and water-power, creates an active trade in lumber. Many handsome residences adorn tho place, and in the environs numerous sites, eligible and beautiful, are about to be occupied. The Chattanooga and Cleveland Railroad, intended to form a cut-off to the present route, via Dalton, will be completed this year. Leaving Chattanooga, the traveler enters upon the most important artery in Georgia's line of internal •improvements — a work completed in 1849, owned and managod by the State — and (at present) the sole connection between the railway systems of Tennes- see and the South Atlantic border. Georgia has taken the lead of the Southern States in the number and extent of her railways, thereby not only con- necting her commercial centres with her important interior towns, but with those of all her neighboring States. BOICE (Chattanooga, 5 miles — Atlanta, 133 miles) is situated in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is said, that within tho first thirty miles distance on this road, the Chickamauga creek is crossed eighteen times. This depot is on tho plantation of Kerr Boyce, Esq., a gentleman much interested in the grape culture, and who has about twenty acres of the Catawba vine growing here. Between Boice and Chickamauga stations the new Cleveland and Chattanooga Railroad line crosses the Western and Atlantic, CHICKAMAUGA, (Chattanooga, 10 miles- All aula, V2$ miles,) named after Chickamauga creek, which rises in Walker County, Georgia, and flows into the Tennessee river, near Chattanooga. Popu- lation, 250. The Indian word Chickamauga signifies " very crooked," and as applied to the serpentine course of this creek, will be deemed very appropri- ate BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 06 JOHNSON (Chattanooga, 18 miles— Atlanta, 120 miles) is tho first station arrived at after crossing the Georgia line, and is named after Herschel V. John son, Ex-Governor of the State. It is located in the northeastern corner of Walker County — a district abounding in minerals, various known watering places, and magnificent mountain scenery. RINGGOLD, (Chattanooga, 23 miles— Atlanta, 115 miles,) named in honor of the gallant warrior who fell in Mexico, is situated in a romantic part of Walker County, and bids fair to become one of the most flourishing towns in Cherokee Georgia. Great quantities of lead have been found near Ringgold, and also a bed of gypsum. The houses are built mostly of brick ; the depot building is of stone, and a good structure — as are the majority of tho depot-houses on this road. Popula- tion, 1,200. Two and a-half miles below Ringgold, a station has recently been established in order to afford more direct access to the celebrated " Catoosa Springs," which are located but two miles from this point. TUNNEL HILL (Chattanooga, 31 miles— Atlan- ta, 107 miles) stands in Murray County, where the mountains seem to como together, forming a very pretty amphitheatre, as though with a Titanic pur- pose of hemming in tho railroad. The tunnel at this place is 1,477 feet long, 18 feet high, and with a clear width of 13 feet. It is cut, in a great measure, through solid rock ; the lateral walls of rock being six feet thick at the base, and five feet at' tho top. — The apx^roaches to the tunnel are protected on both sides by massive masonry. A tourist writes, that." coming out on tho other side of the mountains, from thence on to Atlanta, a distance of one hundred miles, tho road passes through a rather poor section of Georgia ; and there is little of interest to the traveler, except hero and there a pretty town, or the crossing of the river 54 hunt's oazeteeb, op the over a high and well built bridge, which we could not but admire for beauty and simplicity, as well as durability of their structure.". Passengers- for " Gordon Springs" stop off at- this place. BALTOH (Chattanooga, 38 miles— Atlanta. 100 — Ivnoxville, 110 miles, on a road that runs via Cleve- land) obtains its present name from Tristam Dalton, an eminent New England merchant — its original name being. " Cross Plains." It' is the capital of Whitfield County, and was laid out in 1S4G. Its lo- cation is in a beautiful and fertile valley, environed by mountains, from the summits of which the eye is regaled with the grandest scenery. The surrounding counties ship large quantities of grain and produce from this point. The Germans residing about Dalton have succeeded well in the grape culture, and manufacture a quality of wine said to be unsurpassed by the foreign brands. One individual has manufactured as much as two thou- sand gallons from a single crop. The Soil of the vicinity is limestone, producing wheat and corn as the staples, and reported to be the best wheat land in Georgia. The population is over 2.000, and increasing, owing to its railroad importance. The place contains all 1 he essentials in the way of trade and the mechanic arts, with (as a correspondent writes) " no scarcity of professional men — lawyers and doctors in abund ance." A good steam lumber and flour mill, an extensive foundry, three churches, a Presbyterian Female ( !ol- Lege, several excellent schools, newspaper, courl bouse, jail, &c, arc also contained in the place. The railroad depot, building here is 200 feet long by 40 wide. Tt is handsomely ornamented, and a work creditable to the State. Cost, $15,000. Gordon Springs are 12 miles distant, Catoo_„ BORDER x\.ND SOUTHERN STATES, 55 Springs, 17 miles, and the celebrated Cohutta Springs, 22 miles — all places of great resort in summer At Dalton, the tourist to the North is offered a choice of routes — by continuous railway through Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina to Rich- mond, or by the Great Southern Line, through East Tennessee and Virginia, opening a most desirable, attractive and healthy route, with unsurpassed beauty of picturesque mountain scenery, to Lynch- burg, Richmond, all of the celebrated Virginia springs, and Washington City. TILTON, (Chattanooga, 47 miles— Atlanta, 91 miles,) a x>ost village of Murray County, Georgia, on the Western Atlantic Railroad, nine miles from Dalton. K.ESECA, (Chattanooga, 56 miles— Atlanta, 84 miles,) a station on the Western and Atlantic Rail- road. CALHOTJN, (Chattanooga, 60 miles — Atlanta, 78 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Gordon County, Georgia, on the Western and Atlantic Rail- road. It is surrounded by a rich, well-cultivated country, and is an important depot for produce. — Population about 600. ADAIRVILLE, (Chattanooga, 69 miles— Atlan- ta, 69 miles,) a thriving post village of Cass County, Georgia, on the Western and Atlantic Railroad. It is situated in the midst of a fine farming region, 156 miles N. W. of Milledgeville. KINGSTON, (Chattanooga, 79 miles -r- Atlanta, 59 miles,) a post village of Cass County, Georgia — is situated on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, at its junction with the Rome Branch Railroad. A large quantity of limo is burnt here, and large quan- tities of cotton shipped here, not in 1862. Rome is 20 miles from this place ; it is a nourishing city — county seat of Floyd County, on the conlluencc of 56 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THB the Etowah and Oostenaula, which forme the Coasa river, 170 miles N. W. of Milledgeville. It is situated on several hills which command an extensive View of mountain scenery. Steamboats run up from Mobile to Rome. About 20,000 bales of cotton are shipped here annually. Romo was chosen as the county seat in 1834, and incorporated as a city in 1847. There is two rolling-mills and two powder-mills at this place. CASSVXLLE, (Chattanooga, 86 miles— Atlanta, 52 miles,) a thriving post village ; capital of Cass County, Georgia. Is situated two miles from the Western and Atlantic Railroad, and 150 miles N. W. from Milledgeville. It is surrounded by a fertile farming region, which contains rich mines of iron ore and marble quarries. In the vicinity are several fine springs, and about 10 miles S. E. are Roland's Springs — a place of fa- shionable resort. Cassville contains three churches, two hotels, several schools, and a newspaper office. CAHTEBSVILLE, (Chattanooga, 91 miles- Atlanta, 47 miles,) a thriving post village of Cass County, Georgia, on tho Atlantic and Western Rail- road, two miles from tho Etowah river, and 143 miles N. W. of Milledgoville. ALX.ATOONA, (Chattanooga, 98 miles— Atlan- ta, 40 miles,) a post village of Cass County, Georgia, on tho Western and Atlantic Railroad, 130 miles N. W. of Milledgevillo. ACWOK.TH, (Chattanooga, 103 miles— Atlanta, 35 miles,) a post village of Cobb County, Georgia, situated on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, 12 miles N. W. of Marietta. Population, about 200. MARIETTA, (Chattanooga, 118 miles— Atlanta, 20 miles,) a flourishing and handsome post village ; capital of Cobb County, Georgia ; is situated on the Western and Atlantic Railroad. The site of this BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 57 village is higher than that of any other on this road ■ it is surrounded by a rich farming and mining re- gion. It contains the American State Military Aca- demy, four churches, and three newspaper offices. — Two and a half miles from Marietta is Kenesaw Mountain, which is 1,828 feet above the level of the sea, and affords an extensive and beautiful view. VINIHGS, (Chattanooga, 180 miles— Atlanta. 8 miles,) flag station. GEORGIA RAILROAD, ATLANTA, (171 miles from Augusta,) a flour- ishing city of De Kalb County, Georgia ; is situated about seven miles S. E. of the Chattahoochee., river, and on tho line of railroads leading from Savannah to Chattanooga, and Nashville, Tennessoo ; 101 miles N. W. of Macon ; 171 miles west of Augusta, and 291 miles from Nashville. The situation is elevated and remarkably healthful. Four of the principal railroads of the State terminate here, and renders it a place of great activity in business, and a depot for the cotton and grain of several adjoining counties. — The Georgia Railroad extends from Atlanta to Au- gusta ; the Macon and Western Railroad to tho city of Macon ; the Atlantic and Western Railroad leads to Chattanooga, Tennessee ; and tho La Grange Rail- road connects Atlanta with West Point, — 72 miles distant. Atlanta was laid out in 1845, and in 1847 was in- corporated as a city. It has six churches, six schools, 58 hunt's gazeteer oe the JOHN H. GREEN, UNITED STATES MILITARY CLAIM AGENCY QUARTER-MASTERS' VOUCHERS, AND ALL KINDS OF OFFICERS' AND SOLDIERS' CLAIMS For Horses and Property Lost in the United States Service Collected. RESIGNED OFFIOEES PAY ACCOUNTS COLLECTED OK CASHED FOR WIDOWS PARENTS OR IIEIRS AND DISABLED SOLDIERS BOUNTY PROCURED For Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, who "have boon in the Service for Two full Years OFFICE : No. 40i CHERRY STREET, NASHVILLE, TENN. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 59 two.newspaper offices arid a bank. Population, about 6,000. DECATUR, (Atlanta, 6 miles— Augusta, 165 miles,) a handsome and thriving- post village ; capi- tal of De Kalb County, Georgia, on the Georgia Rail- road. The situation is said to be one of the most healthful, beautiful and agreeable* that can be found on any of the great thoroughfares of the South. It contains two seminaries. Population, 850. STONE MOUNTAIN", (Atlanta, 15 miles — Augusta, 156 miles,) a post village of De Kalb Coun- ty, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. At this place is an isolated, dome-shaped granite rock, which is visited annually by several thousand persons, and. is considered as one of the most magnificent natural objects in the State. The height is nearly 2,200 feet above the sea. A tower, 180 feet, high has been erected on the summit, commanding a prospect of great extent, and picturesque and beautiful. The village contains four hotels, and about five hundred inhabitants. From here a turnpike leads to Chattanooga, pass- ing through Lawrenceville — 15 miles to Camming, 22 miles to High Tower, 10 miles to Spring Place, 45 miles to Cleveland, Tenn., 25 miles to Limetown, 10 miles to Dallas, — crossing the Tennessee river, — 21 miles to Cheeksville, 10 miles to Jasper, and 22 miles to Chattanooga. LITHONIA, ( Atlanta, 24 miles— Augusta, 147 miles,) a village of De Kalb County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. ' Population, about 300. GOUGEH'S, (Atlanta, 80 miles — Augusta, 141 miles.) a p<»st village of- Newton County, Georgia, . on the Georgia Railroad. COVINGTON, (Atlanta, 41 miles— Augusta, 130 miles,) a post village: capital of Newton County. Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. 60 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE SOCIAL CIBCLE, (Atlanta, 51 miles— Augus- ta, 120 miles,) a thriving post village of Walton County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. It is a depot for the produce of the county BUTLEDGE, (Atlanta, 60 miles— Augusta, 112 miles,) a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. MADISON, (Atlanta 67 miles — Augusta, 1.04 miles,) a flourishing post village ; capital of Morgan County, Georgia> on the Georgia Railroad, 43 miles N. N. W. of Milledgeville. It has a pleasant and healthy situation, surrounded by a beautiful and fer- tile country. This place has long been noted for its excellent schools, and is a business place of some im- portance. From 25 to 30,000 bales of cotton are re- ceived here annually. The resident population is about 1,800. There are four turnpikes leading as follows : to Athens 35 miles, N. E., to t Lawrenceville, N. W., 40 miles to Barnesville, ou the Macon and Western Railroad, S. E., 50 miles, and to Eaton 15 miles. BUCK-HEAD, (Atlanta, 15 miles— Augusta, 92 miles,) a village of Morgan County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. OCONEE, (Atlanta, 80 miles— Augusta, 88 miles.) a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. GK.EENSBOROUGH, (Atlanta, 87 miles- Au- gusta, 84 miles,) a post village ; capital of Green County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad, 40 miles north of Milledgeville. It contains several elegant buildings, among which is the new Court House. UNION POINT, (Atlanta, 106 miles— Augusta, 76 miles,) a post village of Green County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad : at its junction with The Athens branch, 48 miles N. E. of Milledgeville. CBAWFOUDSVILLE, (Atlanta, 95 miles — Augusta, 65 miles,) a post village; capital of Talia- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATER 61 ferra County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad, 45 miles N. N. E. of Milledgeville. CUMMXNG, (Atlanta, 114 miles— Augusta, 57 miles,) a post village of Warren County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. , OAMAK, (Atlanta, 124 miles— Augusta, 47 miles,) a village of Warren County, Georgia, on the Geor- gia Railroad, at the junction of the Warrenton branch. THOMPSON, (Atlanta, 133 miles— Augusta, 38 miles,) a post village of Columbia County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. DEARING, (Atlanta, 142 miles— Augusta, 29 miles,) a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. BERZELIA, (Atlanta, 150 miles— Augusta, 21 miles,) a post village of Columbia County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad, BLAIR, (Atlanta, 160 miles— Augusta, 11 miles,) a post village of Richmond County, on the Georgia Railroad. -•♦* SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. AUGUSTA, (Atlanta, 171 miles,) a handsome city, and capital of Richmond County, Georgia, on the Savannah river, 231 miles from its mouth. There is a regular line of steamboats running to Savannah, and small steamers run 150 miles above Augusta. — 02 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE Major S. MERRILL, C. W. MOORES. 70tli Iiuliana, MERRILL &, GO. KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND ALL THE MILITARY TEXT BOOKS . FOR INFANTRY, CAVALRY AND ARTILLERY, AND A VERY LARGE ASSORTMENT OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, In every Department of Literature. ALSO, Of all kinds by Wholesale or Retail, WE HAVE IN PREPARATION A HISTORY OF EVERY IPIAM REGIMEUfT, In numbers: with iSteel Portraits, First number nearly ready. Information solicited from Officers or Privates. Address, MERRILL & CO.. Publishers and Booksellers, INDIANAPOLIS. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 63 A bridge across the river connects the city with Hamburgh, South Carolina. HAMBUEGH, (Augusta, 1 mile— Charleston, 136,) a thriving village on the Savannah river, oppo- site Augusta terminus of the South Carolina Rail- road. MARSH'S, (Augusta, 9 miles— Charleston, 128 niiles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- road. GRANITE VILLE, (Augusta, 11 miles— Char- leston, 126 miles,) a thriving post village of South Carolina, on the South Carolina Railroad. The situ- ation is remarkably beautiful. A creek flowing through the place furnishes excellent water power, which is used in the manufacture of cotton. AIKEN, (Augusta, 17 miles — Charleston; 120 miles,) a flag station .on the South Carolina Rail- road. JOHNSON'S, (Augusta, 22 miles— Charleston, 115 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail road. 110 M. T., (Augusta, 27 miles— Charleston, 110 miles,), a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- road. WINDSOR, (Augusta, 30 miles— Charleston, 107 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail- road. WHITE POND, (Augusta, 34 miles— Charles- ton, 103 miles,) a flag station on the-South Carolina Railroad. WILLISTON, (Augusta, 38 miles— Charleston, 99 miles,) a post village of Barnwell District, South Carolina, on the South Carolina Railroad, NINETY-SIX, (Augusta, 41 miles— Charleston, 64 hunt's gazeteer op the 96 miles,) a post village of Abbeville District, on tlie South Carolina Railroad. BLACKVILLE, (Augusta, 47 miles— Charleston, 90 miles,) a small post village of Barnwell District, on the South Carolina Railroad. LEE'S, T. O., (Augusta, 51 miles— Charleston, 86 miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- road. GRAHAM'S, (Augusta, 56 miles— Charleston, 81 miles,) a small post village on the South Carolina Railroad. LOWRY'S, (Augusta, 61 miles— Charleston, 76 miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Railroad. MIDWAY, (Augusta, 65 miles— Charleston, 72 miles,) a post village of Barnwell District, South Ca- rolina, on the South Carolina Railroad. EDISTO, (Augusta, 70 miles — Charleston, 67 miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Railroad. BRANCHVILLE, (Augusta, 75 miios— Charles- ton, 62 miles,) a post village of Orangeburgh Dis- trict, S. C, on the South Carolina Railroad. REEVES, (Augusta, 85 miles — Charleston, 02 miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- road. GEORGE'S, (Augusta, 89 miles— Charleston, 48 miles,) a flag station <>n the South Carolina Rail- road. FORTY-ONE, (Augusta, 96 miles— Charleston, 41 miles,) a flag station on tho South Carolina Rail road. INABINETT'S, (Augusta, 101 miles— Charles- ton, 33 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Railroad. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 65 BIDGEVILLS, (Augusta, 106 miles— Charles- ton, 31 miles,) a post village of Colleton District, S. C, on the South Carolina Railroad. SUMMERVILLE, (Augusta, 115 miles— Char- leston, 22 miles,) a post village on the South Caro- lina Railroad. LARSON'S, (Augusta, 120 miles— Charleston, 17 miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- road. SINEATH'S, (Augusta, 124 miles— Charleston - 13 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail- road. FIVE MILE, T. O., (Augusta, 132 miles- Charleston, 5 miles.) CHARLESTON, (137 miles from Augusta,) a port of entry, and the largest city of South Carolina. Is situated on a tongue of land between Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below the city, and forms a spacious harbor, communicating with the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles be- low. The ground on which the city is built is ele- vated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor at high tide, which rises about sis feet, flowing by the city with a strong current — thus contributing to its salubrity. A sand bar extends across the mouth of the harbor, affording, however, two entrances, of which the deep- est — near Sullivan's Island — has 1G feet of water at low tide. The harbor is defended by Fort Pinckney and Fort Johnson, also by Fort Moultrie, on Sulli- van's Island, and Fort Sumter, near the main chan- nel. These two last named forts are now invested by General Gillmore, and Sumter is, to all appear- ance, a mass of ruins. A great secesh meeting held here November 17, 18G0. 66 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE OHAELESTON AND SAVANNAH EAILEOAD. JACKSONBOK.O', (Charleston, 30 miles— Sa- vannah, 74 miles,) a post village on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. GHAHAMSVILLE, (Charleston, 70 miles — Savannah, 34 miles,) a post village in Beaufort Dis- trict, S. C., 120 miles south of Columbia, on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. SAVANHAH HIVEB, (Charleston, 89 miles — Savannah, 15 miles,) a station on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. SAVANNAH, (104 miles from Charlerton, S. C) a flourishing city and port of entry of Georgia, and the largest commercial city of the State, and is situ- ated on the right bank of the Savannah river, 18 miles from its mouth. It is the terminus of the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, GREEN & GREEN, i 1 UFRS AND Gents Furnishing Goods MILITARY GAPS MADE TO OEDEE. mimm mmimm eooos, WOOLEN, LINEN AND COTTON MADE TO OEBER. Louisville, Kentucky, Cor. MAIN & FOURTH STREETS, Nashville, Tennessee, No. 43 COLLEGE STREET. 68 hunt's gazeteer of the MACON AND WESTEEN EAXLEOAD, EAST POINT, (Atlanta, 6 miles — Macon, 97 miles,) a post village of De Kalb County, Georgia. BOUGH AND HEADY, (Atlanta, 11 miles— Macon, 92 miles,) a post village of Fayette County, Georgia. JONESBOBO', (Atlanta, 22 miles— Macon, 81 miles,) a thriving post village of Fayette County, Georgia. It is a depot for cotton. IiOlTE JOY'S, (Atlanta, 26 miles— Macon, 74 miles,) a flag station. FAYETTE, (Atlanta, 36 miles— Macon, 67 miles. a flag station. CBIFEIN, (Atlanta, 43 miles— Macon, 60 miles,) a flourishing town of Pike County, Georgia. The situation is healthy, and the water good. Griffin is noted for the prevalence of its good order and tem- perance, for the excellence of its schools, and for the activity of its trade. Nearly 50,000 bales of cotton are received here annually. Many of the stores and dwellings are spacious brick buildings. It contains three or four churches, and five large warehouses. Laid out in 1840. Popu- lation, 4,200. A turnpike runs from this place in a northeasterly direction, to McDonough, 20 miles, which intersects the pike running from < ovington, on the Atlanta and Charleston Railroad, to Newman, M. and A. B. R. ; from McDonough to Covington, 30 miles ; to Newman, 55 miles. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 69 THORNTON'S, (Atlanta, 47 miles— Macon, 54 miles,) a flag station. MXLNEB'S, (Atlanta, 54 miles— Macon, 49 miles,) a post village' of Pike County, Georgia. BARNESVILLE, (Atlanta, 61 miles— Macon, 43 miles,) a thriving post village of Pike County, Geor- gia. The village does an active business in cotton, and contains a church and five stores. The Thomas- ton branch intersects here. GOGGIN'S, (Atlanta, 66 miles— Macon, 37 miles,) a flag station. COLLIER'S, (Atlanta, 71 miles— Macon, 32 miles,) a thriving post village. FORSYTH, (Atlanta, 77 miles— Macon, 26 miles,) a thriving post village ; capital of Monroe County, Georgia. It has a brick Court House, three churches, two schools, a newspaper office and two hotels. Population, 700. SMARR'S, (Atlanta, 82 miles— Macon, 21 miles,) a flag station. CRAY/FORD'S, (Atlanta, 88 miles— Macon, 15 miles,) a post village. A turnpike runs from Madison on the A. and C. R. E. to Monticello, a distance of 20 miles ; thence 30 miles to Barnesville ; thence five miles to Union Hill ; thence three miles to Thomaston ; thence 15 miles to Pleasant Hill ; thence 10 miles to Belle vien ; thence 25 miles to Ellerslie ; thence 15 miles to Co- lumbus, on the Macon and Columbus Railroad. A turnpike runs from Macon, 15 miles, to Clinton County seat of Jones County ; thence 35 miles to Eatonton ; thence 20 miles to Madison. A turnpike runs from Macon, 35 miles, to Thomaston. A turn- pike runs from Macon, 25 miles, to Knoxville, the county seat of Crawford County ; thence 20 miles to Daviston ; thence 12 miles to tallbotton ; thence 20 miles to Ellerslie. 70 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE WAR MAPS REVISED TO TMS LATEST MOMENT, FOR SALE BY 157 Main Street^ Cincinnati. UNITED STATES— Lloyd's in sheet, price 50c. in pocket case,.$l. SOUTHERN STATES-Cofton's, in sheet, price $1 ; in pocket case, $1 50, (colored in counties.) SOUTHERN STATES— Lloyd's, in sheet, price 50c. ; in pocket case, $1. SOUTHERN STATES-Rlendenhali's, (smaller scale than above,) in pocket case, 60c. ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI AND LQUISIANA- Mendenhall's, in pocket case, 50c. KENTUCKY— MendenhalFs in pocket case, 50c. TENNESSEE- " " 50c. KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE — Colton's, in sheet, 40c. ; in pocket case, 60c. KENTUCKY— LI 3yds, sheet, 50c, pocket case, s ( TENNESSEE- " " 50 " $1 VIRGINIA- " " 50 " $1 MISS. RIVER- " " $1 " $1 50 PERRINE'S Cheap Pocket Map of the Souihern States, 25c. ASHER'S Historical Map of the same, 25c. Any of the above sent by mail by E. MENDENHALL,157Main-St., Cincinnati. Maps of all kinds constantly on hand. BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES; 71 GEOBGIA CENTRAL BAILBOAD, MACON, a flourishing city ; capital of Bibb County, Georgia. Is situated on both sides of the Ocmulgee river, where it is crossed by the Central Railroad, 191 miles W. N. W. of Savannah ; 100 miles S. E. of Atlanta, and 80 miles S. W. of Mil- ledgeville. The Macon and "Western Road connects with the Central Road at tins' place, which is also the terminus of the South Western Railroad, leading to Oglethorpe. Macon is the third city of the State in population and importance, and is the centre of an active trade. Steamboats can ascend the river as high as this place, which is the head of navigation. The city contains a commodious Court House, a market house, seven churches, four banks, one academy, and the Georgia Female College. A bridge, about 880 feet long, connects the opposite banks of the river. — Population, about 10,000. GE-ISWOLDVILLE, (Macon, 9 miles— Savan- nah, 182 miles,) a post village. GOB.DON, (Macon, 20 miles — Savannah, 171 miles,) a thriving post village, at the junction of the Milledgevillo Railroad. Large quantities of cotton are exported from this place. It has six drygoods stores, and does an extensive grocery business. Laid out-in 1843, KINGSTON, (Macon, [31 miles— Savannah, 100 miles.) a flag station, 72 HUNT'S gazEteek of the EMMETT, (Macon, 38 miles —Savannah, 153 miles,) a post village. OCONEE, (Macon, 45 miles — Savannah, 146 miles,) a flag station. TENNVILLE, (Macon, 55 miles— Savannah, 136 miles,) a post village. DAVISBOHO, (Macon, 68 miles— Savannah, 123 miles,) a flag station. SPEIRS' TURNOUT, (Macon, 79 miles— Sa-. vannah, 112 miles,) a post village. HOLCGMB, (Macon, 91 miles— Savannah. 100 miles,) a post village. MIDVILLE, (Macon, 87 miles— Savannah, 91 miles,) a flag station. BXEDSVILLE, (Macon, 101 miles— Savannah, 90 miles,) a small post village. GUSHING VILLE, (Macon, 108 miles— Savan- nah, 83 miles,) a flag station. MILLER, (Macon, 112 miles —Savannah, 79 miles,) a post village. SCARBOIiO, (Macon, 120 miles— Savannah, 71 miles,) a flag station. QGEEHEE, (Macon, 129 miles— Savannah, 62 miles,) a post village. HAIiCYONDALE, (Macon, 141 miles— Savan- nah, 50 miles,)' a flag station. ARMENIA, (Macon, 145 miles — Savannah, 46 miles,) a post village. EGYPT, (Macon, 151 miles — Savannah ,40 miles.) a flag station. GUITON, (Macon, 161 miles — Savannah. 30 miles.) a post office. * BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 73 EDEN, (Macon, 171 miles — Savannah, 20 miles,) a flag station. SAVANNAH, (from Macon, 191 miles,) a flour- ishing city, and port of entry of Georgia ; capital of Chatham County, and the largest and most commer- cial town of the State. Is situated on the right "bank of the Savannah river, 18 miles from its mouth, 90 miles W. S. W. of Charleston, and 188 miles E. S. E. of Milledgeville. The site of the city is a sandy plain, elevated about ' 40 feet above low water mark. There are 24 public squares — one at every other other corner — usually circular or oval in shape. Among the public build- ings are the City Exchange, theatre, court house, jail. State arsenal, artillery armory, Lyceum, Ogle- thorpe Hall, St. Andrew's Hall, market-house, Chat- ham Academy, and the new Custom House. The latter is 110 feet long and 52 feet wide, and is built of granite. Savannah is the centre of a very extensive system of railroads, among which may be mentioned the Central Railroad, Waynesboro and Augusta Rail- road, Milledgeville and Eaton Railroad, South West- ' em Railroad, Muscogee Railroad, &c. The commerce is flourishing. The harbor is one of the best on the southern coast, and the river is navigable to Augusta, 230 miles from its mouth. Vessels of 14 feet draught can come up to the wharves, and those of larger size to Five Fathom Hole, three miles below the city. 74 UVWCti GAZEEBER OF THE 3. M. HOPKINS, AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN FANCY GROCERIES CAMMED FRUITS, WOTSS, LIQUORS, TOBAC€0, CIQARS Louis- ville, and on the north line of the State. RICHLAND, (Louisville 144 miles— Nashville 41 miles,) flag station. FOUNTAIN HEAD, (Louisville 146 ) ales- Nashville 39 miles,) water station. SOUTH TUNNEL, (Louisville 152 miles- Nashville 33 miles,) flag station. GALLATIN, (Louisville 159 miles— Nashville 26 miles,) a post village, capital of Summer County Tenn., 3 miles north of the Cumberland River. PILOT KNOB, (Louisville 164 miles— Nashville 21 miles.) post office. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 101 S ANDERS VILLE, (Louisville 166 miles— Nash- ville 19 miles,) a post village. HENDERSON VILLE, (Louisville 170 miles- Nashville 15 miles,) water station. EDGEFIELD JUNCTION, (Louisville 175 miles — Nashville 10 miles,) a branch runs from this place to Edgefield. NASHVILLE, (Louisville 185. miles.) See index for W. Scott Glore. NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA EAILEOAD, NASHVILLE, (Stevenson 113 miles — Chatta- nooga 151,) named in honor of Gen. Nash, who fell at the Battle of German town, in 1776, is the capital of Tennessee, and the shire-town of Davidson county. It is handsomely situated on the south bank of Cumber- land river, 200 miles from its confluence with the Ohio. It is east north-east from Memphis, from which it is dis- tant, by railroad, 384 miles. Jt is 206 miles south- west from Lexington, Ky., and 886 mil; s, (via Knox- ville), from "Washington City. Elevation above the sea, 460 feet. The Cumberland River— which at this place is span- ned by a magnificent bridge 656 feet long, and 100 feet high — divides the surrounding county into nearly equal parts. The adjacent country is gently undulating, abounding in varied and beautiful landscape scenery, and has a very fertile limestone soil which is extensively cultivated. R H. SINGLETON, IK THE POST OFFICE BUILDING, MASHVILLE, TBNN., SStfjcksalt antr %Ml § eater IN BOOKS, STATIONERY, PERIODICALS, PICTURES, MAPS, Portfolios, Pocket Books, &c, AND GENERAL PACKER AND FORWARDER OF NEWSPAPERS Ai\D CHEAP PUBLICATIONS. Strangers visiting the City -will here find a large assortment of DAILY and WEEKLY NEWS- PAPERS from all the Principal Cities in the Union. REMEMBER, IN THE POST OFFICE BUILDING, , NASHVILLE, TENN. 102 BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 103 Nashville is not only the "most populous and wealthy city of Tennessee, but is highly distinguished for its enterprising spirit, literary taste and refined society. Many of the private residences are built on a scale of palatial magnitude and splendor, and the public build- ings exhibit a corresponding character. Prominent among them stands the new State Capitol, the founda- tion of which was laid in 1845, and which occupies a commanding position on an eminence of limestone rock, 1?5 feet above the river. It is conceded to be one of the most splendidly designed structures in America, and has cost the State thus far, $892,000. The material of which it is composed was quarried upon the spot, and is of such fine quality as to nearly resemble marble. Its dimensions are 135 by 240 feet, and its ultimate cost estimated at $1,000,000. It is built wholly of stone and iron, except the comparatively small quantity of wood plank on which the copper roofing is fastened — even the inner walls and floors being of dressed stone. A new Lunatic Asylum has been erected in the vicinity, upon an enlarged plan complete in its various departments. The State Penitentiary is located here, and is 31'0 feet long by 50 feet wide, containing 200 cells. It is conducted upon the Auburn, or silent system. The subject of education has recently obtained that favor and patronage which the State and city authori- ties should have afforded long since. The zeal and spirit of educational enterprise has succeeded in estab- lishing a number of High Schools of a character inferior to none in the South-west. Conspicuous among them is the University of Nashville, which was founded in the year 1806, and is now under the efficient control of Dr. J. Berrien Lindsley. In 1821, there was connected with the University a Medical College, which occupies a capacious building, and enjoys an excellent patronage. More than two hundred students are now prosecuting their studies, under the guidance of a corps of profes- sors, who with a high order of ability, unite a laudable ambition to render- the institution equal to any in the 104 hunt's gazetteer of the Union. The young and growing Military Academy — the Nashville Female Academy — an institute of old and excellent standing, presided over by Rev. C. D. Elliott — Prof. Hess' Music Academy, the Ladies' Seininaiy, Bishop Miles' school, and others, are establishments of which the city may boast. Each of the six wards of the city is provided with a fine, large, substantial public school-house. Besides the Lunatic Asylum, there is a House of Industry, for poor girls; and a Protestant Orphan Asylum, which commend themselves to public confi- dence. Perhaps no city of its size has so many newspapers to read as Nashville. There are four dailies, all well conducted and well sustained. There are four banks, and eight prominent hotels' and boarding-houses. Its growth in wealth and population has never been very rapid at any time ; yet it has held an even, onward' progress in such physical and moral wealth as forms the basis of permanent prosperity. No city in the South is more justly celebrated for its intelligence, morality and courtesy to strangers. Nashville contains 14 chuvehes of the various de- nominations ; its Sabbaths are quiet and orderly ; and its pulpits filled by men of ability. A mineral cabinet, owned by the late Dr. Troost, is said to be the most extensive private collection in the Union. The city is lighted with gas, and abundantly supplied with watt r from Cumberland River, raised by steam machinery into a reservoir G6 feet above high water mark. Eight excellent Macadamised roads radiate from Nashville, and much credit is due to the city lor the pride evinced and the enormous cost sustained, in ren- dering her outlets a pattern to other localities. During high water, the river is navigable from its mouth to this city for the larger class of steamboats, and by the smaller at ncarh* all seasons. Many of the packets are owned here. Nashville has, within a few years, given BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 105 centre of an active and increasing trade. Its population numbers about 25,000. As a railroad centre, Nashville is a point of note. By the Nashville and Chattanooga road she is connected with the improvements of Georgia, Virginia, and the Carolinas, and hence to the northern cities; and by the Memphis and Charleston road with a nearer point of shipment to New Orleans. The Mississippi Central will soon link Nashville to the Crescent City, and the ' rapidly progressing Mobile and Ohio road will give im- mediate outlet to the Gulf. Further projects are on foot for an extension to Hickman, Ky., and to a point near Cairo, where connection will be made with the net-work of north-western improvements. Nashville, at no very distant period, will become a great centre of the trade and travel destined to reward her energy in consummat- ing these proud monuments of human industry. The Hermitage, or home of General Jackson, the immortal Hero-President, is about 12 miles from Nash- ville, and affords a pleasant drive. Strangers visiting the city scarcely fail to make a pilgrimage to the quiet shades of this hallowed spot, the Mount Vernon of Ten- nessee. Here his mortal remains rest beneath a beauti- ful mausoleum, in the form of the Temple of Liberty, by the side of his beloved Rachel, among the pleasant trees of the Hermitage. Nashville is growing rapidly in every interest es- sential to its becoming soon one of the great cities of the Union. Surrounded by extensive tracts of rich and never-failing' lands, it is capable of supplying any market in the world. It is a point where cotton, to- bacco, hemp, grain and stock-growers all meet to negotiate their sales. The wholesale trade comprises everything essential to the Southern market. ANTIOCH, (Stevenson 104 miles— Nashville 9 miles,) a post village of Gibson County. The surround- ing country is nearly level, soil good. Indian corn, oats, cotton and cattle are the staples. The station is named after the venerable "Antioch Meeting House," which stood contiguous to the premises. 106 hunt's gazeteer of the LAVERGNE, (Stevenson 9*7 miles— Nashville 16 miles,) a village situated in Rutherford County. Con- tains a steam saw and flouring mill, and does consider- able business in lumber. SMYRNA, (Stevenson 93 miles— Nashville 20 miles,) a post village in Rutherford County, established in 1851. It is encircled by a fine extent of country, the business of which is principally transacted at Mur- freesboro'. MURFREESBORO', (Stevenson 81 miles — Nashville 32 miles,) the capital of Rutherford County, is a handsome town, situated upon a beautiful plain, and surrounded by a healthy and fertile country. From the year 1817 to 182*7, Murfreesboro', was the capital of the State, when unfortunately the State House was consumed by fire, and the seat of government subse- quently removed to Nashville. Among the educational institutions are two under the patronage of the Baptist denomination — the Union University, founded in 1841, and a Female Institute, both in flourishing condition. The town also contains one bank, five churches and two newspaper offices. Population about 3,000. The Rio Steam Flouring Mills are objects of interest and importance to the general trade. This is the place where the celebrated battle of Stone River was fought and won by the gallant Maj.-Gen. "Wm. H. Rosecrans, commencing on December 31, 1862, and ending January 3, 1863. Federal forces, 43,400 ; total loss killed, 1,533; total wounded, 7,245 ; prisoners, 2,800. Rebel forces, 62,520; loss, killed and wounded, 14,560; this is considered one of the most bloody bat- tles on record considering the rawness of both officers and men. There is a good turnpike running from here to Nashville 30 miles, also a turnpike running to Chat- tanooga 1 07^- miles distant, 30 miles to Manchester, 3 miles from Murfreesboro' on this pike to the left is a very large spring ; from Manchester to Herbet's Cove, BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 107 12J miles, 5 miles from Herbet's Cove to Altamount, the county seat of Grundy Co., pop. 200 ; from Altmount to Tracy City 20 miles. Tracy City is the head of a railroad from Cowan Station on N. & C. R. R. 30 miles up, which is the location of the great coal mines of Tenn.; from Tracy City to Jasper 30 miles, and from Jasper to Chattanooga 3 miles. CHRISTIANA, (Stevenson U miles— Nashville 42 miles,) established in 1851, obtains its name from a stream denominated Christmas Creek, because its flow, like "Christmas, comes but once a year," and at that festive period. The region is timbered with red cedar, and the products are chiefly stock and cotton. FOSTERVILLE (Stevenson G1 miles— Nashville 46 miles) Depot, is a post village of Rutherford County. The surrounding county is agreeably diversified in sur- face, highly productive, liberally watered, and exten- sively cultivated. It has a turnpike leading to Nash- ville. This county is one of the most populous in the State. Stock and cotton form the staples. BELL BUCKLE, (Stevenson 63 miles— Nashville 50 miles,) a post village of Bedford County, situated two miles east of Bell Buckle Gap, christened in 1852 by J. Edgar Thomson, Esq., the distinguished civil engineer, now President of the Pennsylvania railroad. [SHELBYVILLB, (8 miles from Wartrace,) on Branch road, is the shire-town of Bedford County, Tenn., situated on Duck River. It contains a court-house, a bank, several churches, a newspaper office, and one cot- ton-spinning factory. The population is about 3,500. The surface of the country is undulating, the soil fertile and easily cultivated. The streams generally furnish considerable water power. The University and the Pemale Academy are large and well arranged educational institutions, occupying beautiful and healthy locations. Distance to Nashville, 63 miles.] WARTRACE, (Stevenson 58 miles— Nashville 55 108 hunt's gazetteer of the miles,) named after Wartrace Creek, is situated in Bed- ford County, and was established in 1852. It is sur- rounded by a great cattle raising* country,, and it is said that fifty thousand head of hogs are fattened annually — mostly for the extensive pork-packing establishment at Shelbyville. NORMANDY", (Stevenson 50 miles— Nashville 63 miles,) derives its name from its location on Norman's Creek, at its confluence with the Barren Fork of "Duck Biver, and at the foot of the first bench of Cumberland Mountain. The depot was established in 1852. TTJLLAHOMA. (Stevenson 43 miles— Nashville 70 miles,) situated in Coffee County, on the bank of Bock Creek, was laid out in 1852. The location is on the first bench of Cumberland Mountain, from which the railroad has a descending grade for five miles, to Duck Biver. The depot elevation is nearly that of the mouth of Cumberland Tunnel. Tullahoma is noted for the purity and excellence of its chafvbeate and free stone waters. It is important as a- railroad station, on ac- count of its being the intersecting point of the McMinn- ville and Manchester Bailroacl, which extends to the former point, a distance of 35 miles. This fact, it is supposed, will always render it a place of considerable business. This place was occupied by Bragg for six months until he was driven out by Bosecrans on June 29, 1863. MANCHESTER, (on Branch Bailroad— Tulla- homa 12 miles — McMinnville 23 miles,) is the capital of Coffee County, and situated at the confluence of Duck Biver forks. These streams afford excellent water power; The great curiosity at this place is an old stone fort, which is described as a solid wall in the fork between the rivers, and enclosing about 47 acres of land. It presents indications of great antiquity, as the venerable trees growing upon it are computed to have withstood the storms of five centuries. Distance to Nashville, 82 miles; to Stevenson, 55 miles. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 109 McMINNVILLE, (35 miles from Tullaboma,) is the capital of Warren County, Term., and terminus of the McMinnville and. Manchester Railroad. Distance to Nashville, 105 miles. Its location is delightful and healthy, having the exhilarating breezes and free stone water of the Cumberland Mountains. Its aroused energy in trade, manufactures, and educational matters, indicate that it will soon rank as a very important place. The fine watering place in the mountains near by, together with the travel to and fro, and the schools wiii constitute an important item in the business of the rail- road and town. Cumberland Female College, and Mc Minnville Male College, are reputable institutes. The celebrated " Beersheba Springs" are 18 miles from McMinnville. Distance to Stevenson, 78 miles. ESTELLE SPRINGS, (Stevenson 36 miles- Nashville 77 miles,) obtain their name from Wm. Estelle, who formerly resided in the neighborhood. There are a nnmber of them, which afford the varieties of sulphur, chalybeate, and free stone waters. The spot is a favorite resort of the people of Rutherford and Da- vidson counties. The celebrated Winchester Springs lay two miles distant, southward. ALLISONIA, (Stevenson 35 miles — Nashville 78 miles,) is a thriving post town situated in Franklin County. Its location is on Elk river, a point at which, the water power is very superior, and said to be unsur- passed by any in the State. The place was laid out in 1850. It is an important station on the railroad, and had an immense cotton factory, which cost, includ- ing machinery, about $100,000, but which was destroyed by fire. Population 350. DECHERD, (Stevenson 30 miles— Nashville 83 miles,) a post village of Franklin County, named after Peter Decherd, Esq., is located near Wagoner's Creek, and was laid out in 1853. It is the point of junction of the projected Winchester and Alabama Railroad. This road will cross the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, at Brownsboro', and extend to Gruntersville, Ala. 110 hunt's gazetteer of the "WINCHESTER, 5 miles from Decherd, has re- cently been selected as the site for the new University of the South. This selection, however, is with the con- dition that an acceptable charter shall be granted by Tennessee, and a satisfactory arrangement, as to certain. details, made with the proprietors of the lands on and near the site indicated. It is within a short distance of the Alabama line, at which point the plateau rises about 800 feet above the plain below, and is about 15 miles wide. From its brow a magnificent prospect stretches far away in the distance. But one testimony is borne to the superior health of the plateau — it is above the intermittent level. "With such extraordinary advantages of position, in the midst of a territory of several thousand acres at its command, under the conduct of a board of management of enlarged and comprehensive views and patriotic pur- poses, we can not doubt it will speedily surround itself from all parts of the country with a population of high intelligence and moral worth, to which it may look for support and sympathy in the work of its administration, and to which, in turn, it will dispense the refreshing and refining influences of its intellectual and moral atmosphere. COWAN, (Stevenson 2GmiIof— Nashville 87 miles,) is named after Mr. Cowan, a planter residing in the vicinity, and is located at the foot of the western slope of Cumberland Mountain. Beautiful mountain scenery delights the eyo of the tourist looking toward the north, east, and south. TANTALLION, (Stevenson 19 miles— Nashville 94 miles,) a wood and water station, is located at the foot of Cumberland Mountain grade, and from which point the ascent ranges at ono hundred and six feet per mile to the centre of the tunnel. This latter point is elevated 530 feet abovo Tantallion. Tho Cumberland Tunnel is 2,22:5 feet in length, 20 feet high, and about 14 feet wide ; it penetrates through solid rock, and re- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. Ill quired three years' time in its construction. It was completed in 1851 under the superintendence of Thos. C. Bates, Esq. Tunnel Junction, or intersecting point of the Sewanee Branch which leads to the celebrated Sewanee Goal Banks", extends 9 miles to the first banks, and it is contemplated to further lead it 8 miles to an- other bank. The latter division lies upon the top of the mountain, which is reached by a grade on the former division of 140 feet per mile. These railroad and mining operations were projected and are now con- ducted by a New Tork company. CROW'S NEST, (Stevenson 13 miles— Nashville 100 miles,) is a wood and water station, located upon the property of V. K. Stevenson, Esq., President of the road. The vicinity is reported as being a favorite sec- tion for crows, and from which fact also Grow Creek derives its name. ANDERSON, (Stevenson 10 miles — Nashville 103 miles,) is named in compliment to John F. Ander- son, an extensive farmer and cattle raiser living on the borders of Crow Creek, in the valley of which the depot is located. The stream flows amid two spurs of the Cumberland Mountains. NASHVILLE AND DECATUR E0AD. See Index for W. F. Glore. NASHVILLE to Decatur 122 miles. BRENTWOOD, (Nashville 10 miles— Decatur 112 miles,) post village. FRANKLIN, (Nashville 19 miles— Decatur 103 miles,) post village, capital of Williamson Co., Tennessee, on the Harpeth river, with which it is connected by Turnpike. See Decatur. Franklin contains a bank, 112 HUNT'S GAZETTEER OF THE cotton factory, and iron foundry, and two newspapers. Two battles were fought here between the Union and Confederate forces, in both of which the latter were de- feated. THOMPSON, (Nashville 29 miles— Decatur 93 miles.) SPRING HILL, (Nashville 32 miles— Decatur 90 miles,) a thriving post village. It is situated in the midst of a fertile and populous district ; population about 500. CARTER'S CREEK, (Nashville 3? miles— De- catur 85 miles,) post village. DUCK RIVER, (Nashville 42 miles— Decatur 80 miles,) a post village of Hickman Co. . COLUMBIA, (Nashville 46 miles— Decatur 76 miles,) branch to Mount Pleasant diverges. A beautiful and thriving post village, capital of Maury Co., on the left bank of Duck River. This town has considerable trade, and is distinguished by the excellence of its schools. It was the seat of Jackson College, and two female semi- naries; it contains two banks and four newspaper offices. Population about 2500. HURRICANE, (Nashville 52 miles— Decatur 10 miles,) post village. PLEASANT GROVE, (Nashville 55 miles— Decatur 67 miles,) post village. CAMPBELLS, (Nashville 58 miles— Decatur 64 miles,) flag station. LYNVILLE, (Nashville 61 miles— Decatur 58 miles,) post village of Giles Co. BUFORD, (Nashville 61 miles— Decatur 55 miles,) nag station. REYNOLDS, (Nashville 69 miles— Decatur 53 miles,) flag station. WALES, (Nashville 74 miles — Decatur 48 miles,) flag station. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 113 PULASKI, (Nashville Id miles— Decatur 43 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of G-iles County, situated on a branch of Elk River, it is a place of active business, contains a steam cotton factory, a bank and newspaper office. Population 1,400. RICHLAND, (Nashville 85 miles— Decatur 31 miles,) a post village in Giles Co. PROSPECT, (Nashville 91 miles— Decatur 31 miles,) post office. STATE LINE, (Nashville 93 miles— Decatur 29 miles.) P. V. This place as its name indicates is on the boundary line between Tennessee and Alabama. ELKMONT, (Nashville 99— Decatur 24 miles,) flag station. ATHENS, (Nashville 10T miles— Decatur 15 miles,) 154 miles N. N. B. of Tuscaloosa, a flourishing, post village, capital of Limestone County, Ala, It con- tains a court-house, three churches, one printing office, several stores and a female institute, which is the hand- somest building in the village. M'DONALD'S, (Nashville 112 miles— Decatur 10 miles,) flag station. FOOT'S, (Nashville 114 miles— Decatur 8 miles,) flag station. JUNCTION, (Nashville 120 miles— Decatur 2 miles,) Decatur. 114 hunt's gazetteer of the LEXINGTON AND COVINGTON OR KENTUCKY CENTRAL R.- R. See Index for Adams Express. COVINGTON, (Lexington 99 miles,) Covington is the northern terminus of the Lexington and Covington Railroad, it is a flourishing and important city, built on a plain several miles in extent, and the streets are so ar- ranged as to appear from the hills back of Cincinnati as a continuation of that city. Covington is destined to become a large city. Five miles from this place are Latonian Springs, which are very fashionable and pleasant resorts during the summer season. Population about 25,000. The facilities of intercourse are such that many persons reside here whose place of business is in Cincinnati ; here are manufactories of cotton, hemp, silk and tobacco, a large rolling-mill and an extensive establishment for packing pork and beef. DECOURSEY, (Covington 5 miles — Lexington 94 miles,) post village. CULBERTSON, (Covington 1 miles — Lexington 62 miles,) flag station. GRANT, (Covington 10 miles — Lexington 89 miles,) flag station. RYLAND, (Covington 13 miles — Lexington 86 miles,) post village. CANTON, (Covington 15 miles — Lexington 84= miles,) flag station. BENTON, (Covington 18 miles — Lexington 81 miles,) a small post village, capital of Marshall County, Ky., on Clark River. MULLINS, (Covington 21 miles — Lexington 78 miles,) flag station. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 115 DEMOSVXLLE, (Covington 25 miles — Lexington 74 miles.) BUTLER, (Covington 28 miles — Lexington 71 miles,) flag station. IRVING, (Covington 33 miles — Lexington 66 miles.) CATAWBA, (Covington 36 m. — Lexington 63 m.) FALMOUTH, (Covington 39 miles — Lexington 60 miles,) post village, capital of Pendleton Co., Ky., on Licking River at its junction with its south branch. It is 60 miles N. E. of Frankfort. It is situated on a beautiful plain, and surrounded by heights which com- mand an extensive view. It has four churches and a woolen factory. • LIVINGOOD, (Covington 43 miles — Lexington 56 miles.) MORGAN, (Covington 47 miles — Lexington 52 miles,) post village. BOYD, (Covington 50 miles — Lexington 49 miles,) post office. BERRY'S, (Covington 53 miles— Lexington 46 miles,) flag station. ROBINSON, (Covington 55 miles— Lexington 44 miles,) wood station, 11 miles from Cynthiana. GARNETT, (Covington 58 m.— Lexington 41 m.) CYNTHIANA, (Covington 66 miles— Lexington 33 miles.) It is the capital of Harrison Co., situated on the south fork of Licking River. Population about 1000. LAIR, (Covington 70 miles — Lexington 29 miles,) post village. SHAWHAN, (Covington 74 miles— Lexington 25 miles,) flag station. KXSER, (Covington 75 miles — Lexington 24 miles,) flag station. 116 hunt's gazetteer of the TALBOTT, (Covington 78 miles— Lexington 21 miles,) post village. PARIS, (Covington 80 miles — Lexington 19 miles,) post village, capital of Bourbon Co., Ky., on Stoner Creek. It is about 40 miles 1ST.E. of Frankfort. This is one of the principal stations on the railroad, and has an active trade. It contains a fine court house, a branch bank, six churches, an academy, a printing office, and several mills. Extensive cattle fairs are held here on " court days", the first Monday of each month, at which not unfrequently from $200,000 to $300,000 worth of stock have been sold. Population about 30,000. WRIGHT, (Covington 82 miles — Lexington 17 miles.) HITESTON, (Covington 84 miles — Lexington 15 miles,) flag station. HUTCHINSON, (Covington 86 miles— Lexington 13 miles,) post village. LOWS, (Covington 89 miles — Lexington 10 miles.) BRYANT, (Covington 92 miles — Lexington 7 miles.) DUNCAN, (Covington 96 miles— Lexington 3 miles,) post village of Mercer Co., Ky. LEXINGTON, (Covington 99 miles.) SECOND DIVISION OF KENTUCKY CENTEAL EAILE0AD. MT. CLEAR, (Lexington 5 miles — Nicholasville 8 miles,) post office. PROVIDENCE. (Lexington 9 miles— Nicholas- ville 6 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 117 CATNIP HILL, (Lexington 9 miles — Nicholas- ville 4 miles,) flag station. . HILL DALE, (Lexington 11 miles — Nlcholasville 2 miles.) NICHOLASVILLE, (Lexington 13 miles.) Nicholasville is a thriving post village, and capital of Jessamine Co., Ky., situated on a small affluent of Ken- tucky River, and on the turnpike to Danville, which is 12 miles further south. A railroad is to be built from this place to Knoxville by order of the military author- ities. The surrounding country is fertile and well cul- tivated. There are several bagging factories here. Population 1000. LOUISVILLE AND FEANKFOET AND LEXINGTON AND FEANKFOET E. E. Sec Index for further Railroads. GILMAN'S, (Louisville 5 miles — Lexington 89 miles,) wood and water station. RACE COURSE, (Louisville 1 miles— Lexington 81 miles,) flag station. ORMSBY, (Louisville 9 miles — Lexington 85 miles,) post village. HOBBS, (Louis /ille 12 miles— Lexington 82 miles.) 6'BANNON'S, (Louisville '14 miles— Lexington 80 miles.) SMITH'S, (Louisville 16 miles — Lexington IS miles.) BEARD'S, (Louisville 18 mile3— Lexington 16 miles.) PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS At HUNT'S, Masonic Hall, 5th Street, Pittsburg, IPa., Will always be found a large assortment of Photograph Albums of every size, style, price and quality. The PHOTOGRAPH ALBUM has become a necessity, founded as it is on that most natural desire of the human heart to possess some outward representative of those who move our love, our admiration, or our wonder. Volume will be added to volume, and one of the most interesting features of a Mend's parlor or his library will hereafter be his They will be on every centre table, in every parlor — every letter from a friend contributing to their contents — soon we will have among us complete panoramas of passing humanity, royal and humble, famed and un- known. It is not a whim of the passing hour — it contains a History, a complete Biography in short hand. — The observing student will gather from the various faces scattered along its fair white pages a more concise and true history of the world than mortal has ever penned. To all the PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM will become a necessity. Photographs to suit Albums always on hand. 118 BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 119 BUCKNER'S, (Louisville 23 miles— Lexington VI miles.) LA GRANGE, (Louisville 2*7 miles — Lexington 67 miles,) a post village, capital of Oldham Coupty, Ky., on the Louisville and Frankfort Eailroad, 46 miles north west from Frankfort. It contains one church and an institution named the Masonic College. JERICHO, (Louisville 32 miles— Lexington 62 miles,) a post office station. SMITHFIELD, (Louisville 35 miles— Lexington 59 miles,) a post office station. EMINENCE, (Louisville 40 miles — Lexington 54 miles,) a thriving post village of Henry County, Ky., on the railroad from Louisville to Frankfort, 40 miles east from the former. BELLEVIEW, (Louisville 42 miles— Lexington 52 miles,) a small post village of Christian County, Ky., 10 miles from Hopkins ville, the county seat. Has 1 church, and 1 or 2 stores. PLEASURES VILLE, (Louisville 45 miles- Lexington 50 miles,) a post village of Henry County, Ky., on the railroad from Louisville to Frankfort, 45 miles east from the former. . CROPPER'S DEPOT, (Louisville 47 miles — Lexington 47 miles,) a post office of Shelby County, Ky. CHRISTIANSBURG, (Louisville 50 miles — Lexington 44 miles,) a post village of Shelby County, Ky., 38 miles east from Louisville, and half a mile from the Louisville and Frankfort Eailroad. Contains 2 churches, several stores, 1 steam mill, 1 woolen factory, and about 200 inhabitants. BAGDAD, (Louisville 51 miles — Lexington 42 miles.) NORTH BENSON, (Louisville 56 miles— Lex- ington 38 miles.) 120 hunt's gazetteer of the BENSON, (Louisville 60 miles— Lexingtoii 34 miles.) FRANKFORT, (Louisville 65 miles— Lexington 29 miles,) a handsome town, capital of Kentucky, and seat of justice of Franklin County, is beautifully situated on the right (or N. E.) bank of Kentucky River, 60 miles from its mouth, 24 miles westnortkwest from Lexington, 53 miles east from Louisville and 550 miles from Washington. Lat. 38° 14' N., Ion. 84° 40' W. It stands on an elevated plain or valley, between the river and the bluff, which rises a short distance behind the town to the height of about 150 feet. The river which is here near 100 yards wide, flows in a deep chan- nel of limestone rock. The eminences on the north- east side of the town present a delightful view of the picturesque scenery for which this river is so remarkable. Frankfort is regularly planned, and generally well built. The State-house stands on a small eminence, nearly midway between the river and the northern limit of the valley. It is a handsome edifice of Kentucky marble, quarried in the vicinity, with a portico supported by six columns of Ionic order. The Governor's house is a plain build- ing of brick. Tb.9 other public buildings are : State penitentiary, a court-house, 4 churches, 1 academy, and 2 banking-houses. Seven newspapers are published in Frankfort. The town is supplied with excellent spring water, which is conveyed into the town through iron pipes. It is the centre of an activo trade, which * is facilitated by rail- roads leading to Louisville and Lexington, and by the navigation of the river. The latter has been improved by means of dams and locks, so that steamboats can ascend from its mouth to the junction of its constituent branches. A chain bridge connects the town with the village of South Frankfort, on the opposite bank. Population about 7,000. JUNCTION, (Louisville 70 miles — Lexington 24 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 121 DUCKER'S, (Louisville ?3 miles— Lexington 21 miles.) BIG SPRING, (Louisville 76 miles — Lexington 18 miles,) a post village of Breckinridge County, Ky., about 44 miles southwest from Louisville, is situated partly in Meade and Hardin Counties. A large spring rises near the middle of the village and flows several hundred feet, then sinks into the ground and disappears. The village has one church and several stores. MIDWAY, (Louisville 80 miles — Lexington 14 miles,) a handsome post village of Woodford County, Ky, on the railroad from Lexington to Frankfort, 14 miles from each place. It has 3 churches, 3 hemp factories and 800 inhabitants. PAYNE'S DEPOT, (Louisville 84 miles— Lex- ington 10 miles,) a post office of Scott County, Ky. YARNBLLTON, (Louisville 81 miles— Lexing- ton 7 miles.) LEXINGTON, (Louisville9 4 miles,) a handsome and wealthy city of Fayette County, Ky., and contains a population of about 20,000. It was formerly the capital of Kentucky, which has been removed to . Frankfort. It is situated on Town Fork of the Elkhorn River, 25 miles southeast from Frankfort, 81 miles south from Cincinnati, and 94 miles from Louisville. Lat. 38° G' N""., Ion. 84° 18' "W. Lexington is the second city in the State in population and importance. The State Lunatic Asylum, located here, occupies a large and beautiful building, capable of accommodating over 300 patients. This city has several large manufactories and cotton warehouses, and its trade with the interior is very extensive. 122 hunt's gazetteer of the EAST TENNESSEE AND GEQKGIA EAILEOAD. FOUNTAIN HILL, (Dalton 9 miles— Knoxville 101 miles.) * STATE LINE, (Dalton 15 miles— Knoxville 95 miles,) as the name indicates lies contiguous to the boundary line between Georgia and Tennessee. CLEVELAND, (Dalton 21 miles, Knoxville 83 miles,) is the capital of Bradley Co., Tenn. It was established in 1840, and now contains about 800 in- habitants. The adjacent country is fertile and well watered. Cleveland has become a conspicuous point in railroad matters, it being the terminus of a most im- portant cut-off. The Cleveland and Chattanooga Kail- road is now complete to this place. Cleveland is situated in the mountains, and is very healthy. CHARLESTON, (Chattanooga 40 miles— Knox- ville 70 miles,) a thriving village of Bradley Co., Tenn., is pleasantly situated on tbe Hiawasese River, which rises in Georgia, and flows into Tennessee. Population about 300. RICEVILLE, (Chattanooga 47 miles— Knoxville 63 miles.) ATHENS, (Chattanooga 55 miles— Knoxville 55 miles,) is the capital of McMinn Co., a fertile district in the southern portion of East Tennessee. It contains anactive population of over 1000 ; a court house, 3 churches, printing office, 2 banks, together with numerous stores, and the necessary industrial concerns. A commendable zeal in the progress of education is evinced by the existence of several flourishing institu- tions. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 123 REAGAN'S, (Chattanooga 60 miles — Knoxville 50 miles.) SWEET WATER, (Chattanooga 65 miles— Knoxville 45 - miles,) post village of Monroe Co., a dis- trict traversed by the Unaka or Smoky Mountain. PHILADELPHIA, (Chattanooga J5 miles— Knox- ville 35 miles,) situated in Monroe Co. Soil of the sur- rounding country is not generally fertile ; staple produc- tions are corn, oats, and grass. LOUDON, (Chattanooga 82 miles— Knoxville 28 miles,) named alter the Earl of Loudon, who " com- manded the King's troops in America." in 1756. [Lou- don and Cumberland are believed to be the only names of purely English origin still retained in Tennessee.] The surrounding county (Roane) products abundantly corn, wheat, oats, and grass. Extensive beds of stone- coal and iron ore also exist. Its rivers, the Clinch and Holston, intersect at Kingston, and are navigable. Cumberland Mountain lies on its western border. LENOIR'S, (Chattanooga 90 miles— Knoxville 20 miles,) situated in Roane Co., and in its name perpet- uates that of Gen. William Lenoir, an officer of the Revolation. CONCORD, (Chattanooga 96 miles— Knoxville 14 miles,) a small post village in Lincoln Co. This county i3 traversed diametrically by Elk River, which divides its fertile and abundantly watered surface into two in- clined planes sloping toward the river. ERIN, (Chattanooga 103 miles — Knoxville 1 miles.) KNOXVILLE, (Chattanooga 110 miles— Bristol 130 miles,) the ancient capital and present metropolis of the Eastern section of the State, was laid off in 1791-92. and named in honor of Gen. Henry Knox, then Secretary of War. It was fixed upon by Governor Blount as the seat of the Territorial government; and after the admission of Tennessee into the Union, in 1796, it continued to be recognized as'the capital of the 124 hunt's gazetteer of the State, until 1817, when the seat of government was removed to Nashville. The town is beautifully situated on several high bluffs, on the right bank of the Holston, 4 miles below its confluence with the French Broad River, and contains over 6,000 inhabitants. Its elevated situation com- mands a magnificent view of the river, while the Blue Mountains of Chilhowee, thirty miles distant, "lend en- chantment to the view." Knoxville is the head of river navigation — though in high water boats ascend to Kingsport. The evidences of the city's prosperity are unmistakable, and numerous manufactories are springing up in the vicinity — among which that for making win- dow glass is more extensive than any other in the South. There are five churches, three banks, six news- papers, and several academies. The Federal Courts for East Tennessee are convened here. The city is well supplied with handsome store-houses, hotels, and many tasteful private residences ; while, among its public edifices, the State Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb is especially worthy of note. The University of East Tennessee, (founded in 1S0T.) more remarkable for its beautiful location than architectural elegance, stands on an eminence commanding an ex- tensive view in every direction. Five miles from the city, in a deserted field, is to be seen the ruins of a noted frontier post, reached by the pioneer emigrants passing the old trace from the month of French Broad to the lower settlements on Nine Mile and Pistol Creek. In this vicinity, also, stood the cabin of the celebrated Governor Sevier, where hospit il- ity was as generously given as it was constantly sought by the wandering pilgrim in primitive times. "Montvale Springs," a charming summer retreat situated in a valley at the base of the Chilhowee Moun- tains, 25 miles from Knoxville, is reached by stage- line. The importance which Knoxvill* assumed upon the completion of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad in 1852, was but a foretaste of her future when her rela- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 125 tions shall become firmly established with the valley of Virginia and the North. Although the political sceptre has departed from Knoxville, it is still regarded iu East Tennessee as the great centre of commerce, learn- ing, and the arts; and when the whole system of rail- roads shall have been completed, and the capacities of the country around fully developed, the most sanguine hopes of those now interested in its prosperity will doubtless be fulfilled. This place ■ was taken by Gen. Burnside and occupied Sept. 5, 1863. The City of Knoxville: The Guardian of the Mountain Pass — the great Highway between the North and the South, the East and the "West : The Iron Horse is to her the harbinger of unbounded prosperity. LEGG'S STATION, (Knoxville 10 miles- Bristol 120 miles.) STRAWBERRY PLAINS, (Knoxville 16 miles — Bristol 114 miles,) a title suggestive of a most delicious locality, — is a thriving post village of Jefferson Co., Tenn. Located on the Holston River, a stream which the Indians called " Hogohegee." NEW MARKET, (Knoxville 25 miles— Bristol 105 miles,) is situated in an extended and productive valley of Jefferson Co. Holston College, chartered in 1832, is located here ; also a Female Institute. MOSSY CREEK, (Knoxville 29 miles— Bristol 101 miles,) derives its beautiful title from the stream of like name on which it is located, and which furnishes an excellent water power. Two cotton factories have been established. TALBOTT'S (Knoxville 33 miles— Bristol 97 miles) Mills, located in Jefferson Co. MORRISTOWN, (Knoxville 42 miles— Bristol 83 miles,) is a village also pleasantly situated in one of the fertile valleys of Jefferson Co. RTJSSELVILLE, (Knoxville 48 miles— Bristol 82 miles,) located in a section of Jefferson Co. known aa 126 hunt's gazetteer or the New Market Valley, and lying between Massanutten and North Mountains. BULL'S GAP, (Knoxville 56 miles— Bristol 74 miles,) was for a considerable time the southern ter- minus of the stage-route of 50 miles extending to "Wa- tauga Eiver — the unfinished portion on this road — recently completed. BLUB SPRING, (Knoxville 65 miles— Bristol 65 miles,) is an exact half-way point between the termini of this road, and located in Stewart Co., Tenn. GREENVILLE, (Knoxville 74 miles— Bristol 56 miles,) the capital of Greene Co., Tenn., is a flourishing town of about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Greenville College, which was founded in 1794, and also boasts a newspaper office. PULTON'S, (Knoxville 83 miles— Bristol 47 miles,) located in Greene Co., a district abounding in high ridges and fertile valleys, well-timbered, and plentifully supplied with good springs. LIMESTONE (Knoxville 87 miles— Bristol 43 miles,) Springs, a post village of Greene Co., Tennessee. Extensive mines of iron ore are worked throughout the county, the streams furnishing ample motive power. JONESBORO', (Knoxville 98 miles— Bristol 32 miles,) is the oldest town in East Tennessee, and a place of some historic interest. Here the first log court-house in the State was hewn out of the virgin forest, and in which justice was dispensed to the hardy pioneers. Here, too, the forest soldiers and statesmen convened to devise plans of w r ar and policy against the common enemy, and when triumphant success had rewarded their valor, they met here in factious wnmglings and fights to dispose of their new-found independence. Near Jonesboro', in the valley of Boone's Creek, still remaiua a venerable beech tree, upon which is engraven this peculiar — but, to some doubtful — record of primitive doings: BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATE3. 127 D. Boon CillED A. BAR on Tree in ThE yEAR 1160 Jonesboro' was named after "Willie Jone8, Esq., of Halifax, N. C, and established by the Legislature of that State in 11 1 9. It is the capital of Washington Co., and — it has been remarked — presents " an old-fashioned, substantial air, as if the people who built it intended to live there for the rest of their days." The town is snugly and modestly nestled in a beautiful valley, which is abundantly supplied, with water power, while the adjacent hills are crowned with neat private residences, and several academies of some architectural pretension. Population about 1,500. JOHNSON, (Knoxville 105 miles— Bristol 25 miles). CARTER, (Knoxville 110 miles— Bristol 20 miles.) UNION, (Knoxville 119 miles— Bristol 11 miles). BRISTOL, (Knoxville 130 miles— Lynchburg 204 miles) is described by that curious and very entertaining artist-traveler, Porte Crayon, as " a straggling, half-finish- ed village, which has lately sprung up at the terminus of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad — lying partly in Virginia and partly in Tennessee. The locality was formerly called King's Meadows, and owned by General Evan Shelby, a heroic hunting-shirt soldier and states- man, whose house and tomb are both to be seen at a short distance from the 'Magnolia' Hotel. Shelby's dwelling was a rude log building, characteristic of the times in which he lived, and the tomb, which, with two others, occupies a little eminence shaded by a group of trees, consists of a coffin-shaped slab of iron, with the inscription : ' General Evan Shelby, Died December 14th, 1704, Aged 14.' (The date there given is evi- dently wrong, and was intended for 1804.) So much for the historic associations of Bristol. There is, how- 128 hunt's gazetteer of the ever, nothing particularly romantic in its present condi- tion. " There are now to be seen straggling railway tracks, of empty and loaded cars, engines puffing and fuming, vast pil'dS of wood, machineshops, and taverns. There are warehouses full of wheat and corn, great herds of grunting, unambitious swine, about to travel in the cars for the first time in their lives. There are crowds of busy men drinking "bald-face" and chewing tobacco, speculators in laud and pork, insolent (superseded) stage- drivers, gaping country folks, babbling politicians, and careless negroes, who if they had sense enough would laugh at their masters, but wanting that, laugh their fill at one another." VIRGINIA AND TENNESSEE B. B. What a Raileoad wilt. Do.— The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad is 204 miles in length and cost about $7,000,000. In 1850, the taxable value of the land in the counties through which it passes, as taken from the census, was $'2>,94'2.647 — and in 1S5G the State assessment makes it $58,917,'2'29 ! or an increase in 6 years of $20,305,558. This sudden increase is alone the result of an internal improvement, which has cost only $7,000,000. • ABINGDON, (Bristol 15 miles— Lynchburg 189 miles,) is the capital of Washington County, Virginia. It is pleasantly situated iu a valley, midway between the main forks of Ifolston River, about 7 miles from each, it is 8 miles north of the boundary line between Virginia and Tennessee. The town occupies an elevated site, is well built, has some Macadamized streets, and contains over 1, '200 population. It boasts G churches, 3 academies, 2 printing offices, and sundry manufactories of leather. Although this place is estimated the most BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 129 considerable and flourishing* in Southwestern Virginia, the facetious Porte Crayon denominates it " a neat, pleasant-looking little town, but very dull, nothing to do and nothing to see, -and very little sociability." GLADE SPRING, (Bristol 28 miles— Lynchburg 176 miles ) one of the villages of "Washington County, is principally noted as the seat of Emory and Henry College, an institution founded by the Methodist De- nomination, in 1838. From this point a Branch Railroad extends 9 miles- to Saltville, a small town situated near the north folk of Holstou River, and where are located two extensive salt-works. Saltville is romantically located amidst a chain of conical hills, at the head of this celebrated Salt Valley. The transportation was formerly done, with wagons to Buchanan and Lynchburg, but the moro ex- peditious railroad has sent them " glimmering among the things that were." SEVEN MILE FORD, (Bristol 37 miles — Lynchburg 167 miles,) located in Smythe County, Va. — a district named in honor of General Alexander Smythe, a member of Congress from " the Old Do- minion." MARION (Bristol 44 miles— -Lynchburg 160 miles) is the capital of Smythe County, and situated on the Middle Fork of Holston River. It is also a point on the old turnpike from Baltimore to Nashville. The sur- rounding country is a valuable region, prolific in corn, hay, wheat, oats, and butter. Limestone and gypsum are also abundant, and the principal items of manufac- ture are lumber, iron, salt, and leather. MOUNT AIRY, (Bristol 59 miles— Lynchburg 145 miles.) In order that the traveler may understand his position here, we give the recent experience of a correspondent : " By a gradual elevation you ascend from the head of tide-water at Petersburg, by the South Side Railroad to Lynchburg, where you take the Vir- ginia and Tennessee Railroad. From Lynchburg the 130 hunt's gazetteer of the ascent is rapid until, passed the Blue Ridge, you gain the summit of the Alleghanies at Mount Airy, 6,000 feet above the level of the sea. Thence the travel is down-grade by a proportional- ratio until Bristol is reached, from which point, along the route of the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad to Knoxville, the country seems very level. The change in the tempera- ture between "Washington or Petersburg and Mount Airy was very marked. On leaving the former points, I should have regarded overcoats as an incumbrance, but on reaching the latter point I deemed it a very es- sential appendage." WYTHE VILLE, (Bristol 72 miles— Lynchburg 132 miles,) is the modern titlo of an Old stopping-place known as Evansham, located on the Baltimore and Nashville Turnpike. It is well situated among the Alleghany Mountains, in an elevated valley or plateau — the Iron Mountain lying on the South, and Walker's Mountain (a sublime- featuro in the scenery of this region) bordering on the northwest. It is the capital of Wythe County, and has a population estimated at 1,300. The local trade is considerable, and greatly facilitated by a bank. MAC'S MEADOW, (Bristol 80 miles— L\ burg 124 miles,) or Macksburg, situated in County, Virginia. Adjacent country is mountainous, and the soil — excepting that which borders on the creeks and rivers — is unproductive. MARTIN'S, (Bristol 92 miles— Lynchburg 112 miles.) NEWBERN (Bristol 100 miles— Lynchburg 104 miles) Depot, is three miles from the town. It is located in Pulaski Couuty, Va., the capital of which is Newborn. Respecting tho town, a visitor writes: "It is rather a lonesome-looking village, situated on a hill, with a hotel of very unpromising exterior; but the dinner I got at Bagsby's was a surprise ; it was uncom- monly good, and only served to remind me of what I BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 131 knew before — that, to appreciate life in Virginia, one must see the inside of their houses." The town con- tains 500 inhabitants. The New River, which flows near by, has upon its bank a vertical wall, or series of cliffs, formed by na- ture, and which Porte Crayon thus sketches: "They rise like a vast rampart to the height of three or four hundred feet above the river, which washes their base for a distance of four miles. The perpendicular face of the cliffs is perforated with numerous holes and caverns, ' and broken into varied and picturesque forms by the scaling of the strata. In many places these square breaks occur with such regularity that, when struck aslant by the sunlight, they resemble ranged archi- tectural openings. This feature has procured for tbem the far-fetched appellation of ' The Glass "Windows.' " Pulaski Alum Springs, in Pulaski County, on Little "Water Creek, is 10 miles northwest of Newbern. %W Passengers here take stages for the Eed and Salt Sulphur Springs, 38 miles distant These springs are deemed highly efficacious in the speedy cure of most cases of pulmonary consumption, bronchial affec- tions, chronic diarrhea, dyspepsia, and disease of the brain. CENTRAL DEPOT, (Bristol 108 miles— Lynch- burg 96 miles.) CHRISTIANSBURG, (Bristol 118 miles — Lynchburg 83 miles) is tho capital of Montgomery County, Virginia, and a point on the old stage route from Richmond to Nashville. It was laid out in tho year 1192, and now contains a population of lOO. Salt Pond Mountain lies north of this place. Passengers stop hero for the Yellow Sulphur Springs, situated almost immediately on tho summit of tho Alleghany Mountains, in Montgomery County, and about 3£ miles from Christiansburg Depot. To per- sons seeking health and pleasure they afford most de- lightful retreats. The powerful curative properties of this water have been long established as very eft 132 hunt's gazetteer of the in diseases of the skin, stomach, and bowels ; and for chronic diarrhea it is regarded as a specific. [See Ad- vertisement.] BIG TI3TOTEL, (Bristol 126 miles— Lynchburg 78 miles,) stopping-place for passengers en route to the Montgomery White Sulphur Springs; situated on the Eastern slope of the Allegbanies, near the summit, in Montgomery County, Virginia, within 1-| miles of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, from which there is a branch road to the door of the Reception House. These waters have been resorted to for many years by people of the surrounding country, and since the place has been improved, by a very large number of visitors from many sections of the Uniou. To the seekers of health or pleasure, this place presents many attractions. In addition to the railroad by which visitors can be brought to the door of the Reception House, there are also facilities for acccs3 by way of the New River While Sulphur Springs and the celebrated Salt Lake, to the Red, Salt, Greenbrier "White Sulphur and Sweet Springs. The Lynchburg and Abingdon Telegraph Company have constructed a branch of their line to these springs, and opened an office. SHAWSVILLE, (Bristol 12S miles— Lynchburg 76 miles,) a post village of Montgomery Co. This county is situated at the northwestern base of the Blue Ridge, and lias a very rugged surface, for the mo3t part rocky and unproductive. Passengers here take coaches to the All ghauv Springs, in Montgomery Co., Virginia, three mil ."3 from Shawsville. This resort is one of the most attractive and agreeablo places of sojourn in the Southern country. The springs have been demonstrated to possess high medicinal properties, and ar i situated in the midst of beautiful scenery, and in a most healthful and salubrious climate. BIG- SPRING. (Bristol 131 miles— Lynchburg 73 miles.) is one of the celebrated Alleghany Mountain health-pools, for which Virginia is so widely celebrated. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 133 THOMAS',. (Bristol 134 mi.— Lynchburg 70 mi.) SALEM, (Bristol 144 miles— Lynchburg GO miles,) is a very neat and pleasant town, situated on the Roanoke River,, which rises in the southern part of Virginia, and flows into North Carolina. It is located in the midst of a fine limestone country, in the great valley between the Blue Ridge and North Mountain. Salem is the capital of Roanoke Co., and contains one bank, three churches, and 600 population. Several mills of various kinds operate in and about the town. (jJ3p~ Pleasure travelers stop off here for the Green- brier White Sulphur, and the Old Sweet and Red Sweet Sulphur Springs. BIG LICK, (Bristol 151 miles— Lynchburg 53 miles,) or Gainsborough, is a small post village of Roanoke Co., Virginia. GISH'S MILL, (Bristol 154 miles— Lynchburg 50 miles.) BONSACK'S, (Bristol 157 miles— Lynchburg 47 miles. Travelers have access from this point to the Sweet and White Sulphur Springs, and the towns of Kanawha, and Charleston, capital of Kanawha Co. BUFORD'S, (Bristol 107 miles— Lynchburg 37 miles,) a village of Bedford Co., Virginia, an elevated section in the central part of the State. glP Passengers stop hero for the Roclcbridge Alum Springs, situated in Rockbridge Co., on the main road from Lexington to the Warm Springs, 17 miles from the first, and 22 from the second point. The valley in which they are found lies below tho North Mountain on the East, and the Mill Mountain on tho West. THAXTON'S, (Bristol 174 miles— Lynchburg 30 miles.) LIBERTY, (Bristol 180 miles— Lynchburg 24 miles), the shire-town of Bedford Co., Virginia, is a beautiful place of about 900 population. It "contains a handsome court-house and four churches.. The famous 134 hunt's gazetteer of the " Peaks of Otter'' uplift their gigantic and awful forms 7 miles distant from Liberty, although they appear to be in the immediate vicinity. Every reader of Virginia Illustrated, will remember the author's visit to these heights, which he thus describes : " The Peaks of Otter are in Bedford Co., on the south- eastern front 'of the Blue Ridge, and about sixteen miles distant from the Natural Bridge. Their height above the level country at their base is estimated at four thou- sand two hundred and sixty feet, and more than five thousand feet above the Ocean tides. They have here- tofore been considered the highest points in Virginia, but by recent measurements the Iron Mountains appear to overtop them. The North Peak, called the Round Top, has the largest base, ami is said to be the highest, but the difference is not appreciable by the eye. From a distance its summit presents an outline like a Cupid's bow. "The South Peak is considered the greater curiosity, and receives almost exclusively the attention of visitors. Its shape is that of a regular cone, terminating in a sharp point or points, formed by the irregular pyramids of grauite boulders. The largest of these heaps is about sixty feet in height, and upon its apex stands an egg- shaped rock, about ten feet in diameter. It seems so unsecurely placed, that it would require apparently but little force to send it thundering down the side of the mountain. It has nevertheless resisted the efforts of more than one mischievous party. The remarkal le regularity of this peak, in all its aspects, would give the impression that it owed its formation to volcanic action, but there is nothing more than its shape to sustain the idea." GOOBE'S. (Bristol 1S3 miles — Lynchburg 16 miles.) Bedford Co.. Virginia. FOREST, (Bristol 104 miles— Lynchburg 10 miles,) in same county. CLAY'S, (Bristol 196 miles— Lynchburg 8 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 135 LYNCHBURG,- (Bristol 204 miles— Burkesville 11 miles,) the great tobacco emporium and famed spot in Ethiopian minstrelsy, was founded in 1*786, but not incorporated until 1805. It is the fifth important town in the commonwealth, and its population is reported 12,000. It seems, unfortunately, to occupy a steep de- clivity on the right bank of James Biver, which is about 200 yards wide, and spanned by a fine bridge. The town is substantially built, and contains a number of fine private residences, but no public buildings worthy of remark. Lynchburg is also connected with Richmond by the James Biver and Kanawha Canal, the greatest among Virginia's public works — a distance of 147 miles. This has diverted much of the original trade from the river. " Twenty years ago the river was crowded with boats, and its shores alive with sable boatmen — such groups ! such attitudes! such costume! such character!" re- marks a lamenting artist — but business shows this same canal navigation to have rendered the town the market of an extensive and fertile tract of country. Over 15,000,000 pounds of tobacco are inspected at Lynchburg annually, and about 300,000 bushels of wheat received. The river affords abundant water- power for the working of various factories manufacturing- cotton, wool, tobacco, &c. ; also, sundry iron and brags foundries. The town is supplied with water from the river, by works erected in 1829, at a cost of $50,000. The reservoir is elevated 253 feet above the river, and contains 400,000 gallons. Lynchburg is situated in Campbell Co., and is the principal town. The county is named in honor of Gen. William Campbell, an officer of the Revolution. [The Natural Bridge of Virginia, being situated in the neighborhood of the Virginia Springs, the routes pointed out in connection with the latter will serve the tourist in visiting this great curiosity. The Bridge, which is of limestone rock, spans a small stream called Cedar Creek, and is two hundred and fifteen feet in height by ninety feet in length. The view from above or below is fear- 136 hunt's gazetteer of the fully grand, and calculated to strike awe into the mind of the observer, viewed from any point. On the face of the rock may be seen the name of "Washington, carved by his own hand in bold legible characters. Distance from Lynchburg, the nearest railway station, 41 miles.] PETERSBURG AND LYNCHBURG (SOUTH SIDE) RAILROAD. CONCORD, (Lynchburg 13 miles — Burkesville 57 miles,) is located in Appomattox Co., Va., a section di- versified by several small ranges of mountains, and covered with extensive forests, but possessing a generally fertile soil. APPOMATTOX, (Lynchburg 24 miles— Burkes- ville 46 miles) Depot, a post village of Amelia Co., Va Situated in a diversified section. The soil of the valleys is naturally fertile, but has been impoverished by long and improper cultivation. Portions of it having been "turned out," have been sold at merely nominal rates. PAMPLIN'S (Lynchburg 36 miles— Burkesville 34 miles.) PROSPECT, (Lynchburg 44 miles— Burkesville 26 miles,) is in Prince Edward Co., Va. Copper, stone coal, and marl abound in this district. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat and oats are the staple produetions of the surrounding country. FARMVILLE, (Lynchburg 54 miles— Burkesville 16 miles,) in same county, is finely situated on the Ap- pomattox River, 68 miles southwest of Richmond. The river is navigable for batteaux of 5 or 6 Ions, at all seasons, from this place to its confluence with the James BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 137 River, at City Point. Farmville contains a stirring popu- lation of 1,800, engaged in active trade. Several to- bacco factories operate here. RICE'S, (Lynchburg G2 miles— Burkesville 8 miles,) Depot, in Prince Edward Co., Va. This county is drained by Harris, Briery, Bush and Sandy Creeks, in addition to the Appomattox Paver. BURKESVILLE, (Lynchburg 70 miles— Rich- mend 53 miles,) in Prince Edward Co., is the point of intersection of the Petersburg and Lynchburg, and Richmond and Danville Railroads. The line from this point to Richmond forms a cut-off to the route via Pe- tersburg, and saves to the direct northern traveler a distance of twenty-two miles. [PETERSBURG, (Burkesville 53 miles— Rich- mond 22 miles, ). situated in Dinwiddio County, Virginia, is the third town of Virginia . in size and population, and is situated on tho southern bank of the Appomat- tox River. The river is navigable up to this point for vessels of one hundred tons, and such as are of greater tonnage discharge their cargoes six miles below, at Waltham's Landing. Petersburg has great commercial facilities, having abundant water-power; and numerous canal and railway communications. Vast quantities of tobacco and flour are exported from this place an- nually. It is a well built town, has several large manu- factories, pretty churches, three banks, and publishes as many newspapers. In the year 1815 it was almost destroyed by fire ; over four hundred buildings, and an immense amount of property, were consumed. The houses were then mostly frame, but are now built of brick. Population, 19,000.] 138 hunt's gazetteer of the RICHMOND AND DANVILLE E. E. JENNING'S ORDINARY, (Burkesville 3 miles — Richmond 50 miles.) JETERSVILLE, (Burkesville 10 miles— Rich- mond 43 miles,) a village of "Amelia County, Va. AMELIA COURT-HOUSE, (Burkesville 17 miles — Richmond 3G miles,) an inconsiderable village, and shiretown of Amelia County, Virginia. Popula- tion about 250. The Appomattox River forms about half tho boundary of this county, which is also drained by Namazine, Flat, and Deep creeks. CHULA, (Burkesville 23 miles— Richmond 30 miles.) MATTOAX, (Burkesville 2G miles— Richmond 27 miles.) POWEATTAN, (Burkesville 3L miles— Rich mond 22 miles,) located in Powhattan County, named after the chieftain-father of tho heroic Pocahontas — both so familiarly identified with the history of the " Old Dominion." TOMAHAWK, (Burkesvillo & miles— Richmond 18 miles.) COALFIELD, (Burkesville 40 miles— Richmond 13 miles.) Extensive mines of bituminous coal exist throughout this region. ROBIO'S, (Burkesville 43 miles — Richmond 10 miles.) MANCHESTER, (Burkesville 52 miles— Rich- mond 1 mile,) situated in Chesterfield County, Virginia, on tho James river, opposite Richmond, with which i| and Spring Hill are connected by three bridges. It has a beautiful situation, and contains several elegant resi- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 139 dences of persons who transact business in the city. Its population is nearly two thousand, and it has two churches, and manufactories of tobacco, cotton, and flour. BIOHMOND, FEEDEEXCK AND POTOMAC EAJLEOAD, RICHMOND, (Burkesville 46 miles— Gordonsville 1G miles,) the capital of Virginia, is situated in Henrico County, on the left bank of James River. Besides being the capital, it is the largest town in Virginia, and one of the handsomest in the United States. The scenery in the vicinity is picturesque in the extreme, and the river, winding among the hills, and studded with islands, is very beautiful. On Shockoe Hill is the Capitol, a stately edifice, standing in a public square or park, ornamented with shade trees. It contains Houdon's celebrated statue of Washington, taken from life, and said to be the best likeness, in marble, extant of that great man. Another fine building is the City Hall, of Grecian architecture. The State Penitentiary is also located here. Tho streets are planned with great regu- larity, for tho most part intersecting each other at right angles. Main Street is the fashionable promenade and chief business thoroughfare. Richmond has about twenty-five churches, numerous benevolent institutions, governor's residence, court-house and jail, an armory, two market houses, a theatre, three banks, several in- surance offices, and a largo newspaper and periodica! press of conceded ability. Of late years, and since the opening of canals and ex- tension of railways, Richmond has greatly increased in 140 hunt's gazetteer of the wealth and population. The chief manufactures pro- duced here are tobacco, (the staple article,) flour,- cot- ton and woolen goods, paper, and iron ware. The city enjoys an abundance of water-power from the Falls in the vicinity, and is also supplied with water works. The population is 35,000. Richmond has a daily steamboat communication with Baltimore and Norfolk, and with Philadelphia and New York semi- weekly. . Among the objects of interest contained in Rich- mond, is Monumental Church, which occupies the site of the old theatre, which was burned in 1811, on which mournful occasion the Governor of Virginia and sixty others perished in the flames. The old church standing on Church Hill, where the immortal Patrick Henry is said to have delivered his famous speech, con- cluding with the noble words, " Give me liberty, or give me death," is still visited as an object of venera- tion. It was the place where the first House of Bur- gesses of Virginia met, and' is still in good preservation, and is now occupied by a Protestant Episcopal congre- gation. The institutions of the city comprise the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society ; Richmond College, founded by the Baptists in 1832 ; St. Vincent's College, under Catholic direction ; and the Medical Department of Hampden and Sydney College, established in 1838. A number of good hotels are also among the " institu- tions" worthy of note. In the matter of railroads, Richmond has long been recognized as important among southern centres. Its connections with the northern and southern cities upon the Atlantic coast, have been sufficiently direct; but the great .South west, which has been thusfar only accessible by most circuitous routes, now invites " i lie head and front' of "the Mother of Presidents" to a cordial inter- change of friendship and business. The Virginia Central Railroad, already completed 173 miles to Goshen, leads to a conuocrion with the Ohi. James River, which affords constant navigation with Chesapeake Bay on the east, completes the communication toward all the com- BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 141 pass-points. These facilities of business intercourse augur wealth and prosperity to Eichmond. Richmond is now the seat of Government of the so called Confederate States of America, 75 miles from Acquia Creek. HUNGARY", (Richmond 8 miles — Acquia Creek 67 miles,) is a small post village on the R. F. & P. R. R. ASHLAND, is a flag station on the R. F. & P. R.R. TAYLORS VILLE, (Richmond 20 miles— Acquia Creek 55 miles,) a post village in Hanover County, on the R. F. & P. R. R. JUNCTION, (Richmond 23 miles — Acquia Creek 52 miles,) a branch road runs from here to Gordon svilie 49 miles west. CHESTERFIELD, (Richmond 25 miles— Acquia Creek 50 miles,) a post village on the R. F. &, P. R. R. MILFORD, (Richmond 38 miles— Acquia Creek 37 miles,) a post village of Caroline County, Ya., on the R. F. & P. R. R. GUINEAS, (Richmond 48 miles— Acquia Creek 27 miles,) a wood and water station on the R. F. & P. R. R. FREDERICKSBURG, (Richmond 60 miles— Acquia Creek 15 miles,) the chief town of Spottsylvania County, Va., on the right bank of the Rappahannock River, at the head of tide water. This place is noted for the battle fought here on December 13, 18G2, be- tween the federal forces under Gen. Burnside and the rebel forces under Gen. Lee, resulting in the repulse of the federals. Another battle was fought on nearly the same ground on April 30, 1863, the federals were again repulsed, ACQUIA CREEK, (75 miles from Richmond,) is the terminus of the R. F. & P. R. R. on the Potomac River. During the fall and winter of 1862, this place was used as the base of supply for tho federal army during their stay about Fredericksburg. 142 H¥NT S GAZETTEER OF THE VIRGINIA. CENTRAL RAILROAD, ATLEY'S, (Richmond 9 mi.— Gordonsville 67 mi.) HANOVER COURT HOUSE, (Richmond 18 miles — Gordonsville 58 miles,) is the capital of Hanover County, Va., and situated about a mile from Parnunkey River. This town and vicinity not only awakens pleasant memories in its history of the patriotism and ardor of Patrick Henry, but is also renowned as the native district of the gallant Henry Clay, who was born amid the " Slashes of Hanover," in 1*77*7. The vener- able homestead — a little, one-story, frame building, with dormer windows, and large, outside, gable chimneys — is still to be seen within four miles of the town. JUNCTION, (Richmond 27 miles— Gordonsville 49 miles,) in Hanover Count}', is the point where the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, lead- ing northward, crosses tho Virginia Central. The singular position of these two roads may be likened to an arc and its perpendicular chord, or to an archer's bow, tight-strung. BEAVER DAM (Richmond 40 miles— Gordons- ville 36 miles.) Depot, is a post village of Hanover County — a hilly district, presenting much diversity of soil, and drained by streams which afford considerable water power. Tho dividing line between tho primary and tertiary formations passes through Hanover County. FREDERICK HALL, (Richmond 50 miles— Gordonsville 26 miles,) is situated in Louisa County. Va., formed in 1742. The adjacent country is hilly ; tho soil, originally fertile, has been partly exhausted. Gold mines have been worked in this county, but with little remuneration. TOLERGVILLE, (Richmond 56 miles— Gordons- ville 20 miles,) in Omngo county. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 143 LOUISA COURT HOUSE, (Eichmond 62 miles — Gordonsville 14 miles,) is the capital of Louisa Comity, and contains a population of about 550. TREVILIAN'S, (Richmond 67 miles— Gordons- ville 9 miles,) Depot, in same county. GORDONSVILLE, (Richmond 76 miles— Alex- andria 88 miles,) is the present southern terminus of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and intersecting point with the Virginia Central. It contains 100 inhabitants. Its railroad connections have given it considerable im- portance. "When the proposed connection is made between Gor- donsville and Lynchburg (by the Lynchburg and Char- lottesville, and a short extension of the 0. and A. Roads) the majority of northern travel which now goes via Burkesville or Petersburg, Richmond, and Fredericks- burg, will undoubtedly seek this more direct and expedi- tious route. From Gordonsville, also, the Virginia Central continues, via Charlottesville and Staunton, through the spring, mountain and cave region, 97 miles to Gohsem OEANGE AND ALEXANDEXA E, E, MADISON, (Gordonsville 4 miles — Alexandria 84 miles,) situated in Orange Co., Va., which derives its name from the color of the soil in tho highlands, which were included in its original boundary. Population of the town, 500. ORANGE COURT HOUSE, (Gordonsville 9 miles — Alexandria 79 miles,) is the capital of Orange Co., and at present contains 900 inhabitants. Four miles from town, is "Montpelier," celebrated as having been 144 hunt's gazetteer of the the former residence of James Madison. Orange Co. contains limestone, iron ore, and small quantities of gold. It has a hilly, fertile and well-watered soil, producing corn, wheat, oats, hay, and tobacco. RAPIDAN, (Gordonsville 14 miles — Alexandria 74 miles,) derives its name from a river which divides Green and Orange Counties on the right, and Madison and Culpepper on the left, and empties into the Rappa- hannock near Fredericksburg. MITCHELL'S, (Gordonsville 19 miles— Alexan- dria 69 miles.) CULPEPPER COURT HOUSE, (Gordons- ville 26 miles — Alexandria 62 miles,) the capital of the county, was originally called "Fairfax," after Lord Fairfax, well-known as a wealthy proprietor in the early days of the "Old Dominion." It was subsequently named after the county, which derives its title from Lord Culpepper, who was Governor of Virginia, in 1681. The town was founded in 1759, and contains about 1,200 inhabitants. The adjacent country is a finely diversified and productive region, boasting a high state of cultivation. glF* Stages from this point to Luray and Newmarket. BRANDY", (Gordonsville 32 miles— Alexandria 56 miles,) Station, is in same county, and like " Strawberry Plains," a very suggestive cognomen. [Those verdant tourists, who, when between Stevenson and Chatta- nooga, the brakemen exclaim "Look Out!" mistake the announcement, and actually subject themselves to decap- itation by poking their heads out of the car-windows, will, no doubt, when similar officials announce "Bran- dy!" on this road, recognize it as an invitation to como up and imbibe !"] RAPPAHANNOCK, (Gordonsville 37 miles- Alexandria 51 miles,) is familiar as being the name of a county, and one of Virginia's noble rivers. BEALETON, (Gordonsville 41 miles— Alexandria BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 145 47 miles,) a post village of Fauquier Co. — a district named iu honor of Francis Fauquier, Governor of Vir- ginia in 1759. This county is also noted as being the birth district of John Marshall, once our country's Chief Justice — "one of the few, the immortal names." WARRENTON JUNCTION, (Gordonsville 47 miles — Alexandria 41 miles.) in same county. |W° Change cars for Warrenton. [WARRENTON. (on Branch Road— Junction 9 miles,) the beautiful capital of Fauquier Co., boasts a delightful situation, in a picturesque find fertile region of country, and possesses an active trade. It contains a tine court house, churches, two academies, and news- paper offices. Population 1800. Stages run from War- renton to the " Fauquier White Sulphur Springs."] WEAVERSVILLE, (Gordonsville 50 miles- Alexandria 38 miles,) in same county, Fauquier, which region contains valuable beds of magnesia and soap- stone. BRISTOB, (Gordonsville 57 miles— Alexandria 31 miles.) MANASSAS, (Gordonsville 01 miles — Alexandria 27 miles,) is in Prince William Co. It is the Junction- point of the Manassas Gap Railroad, which now operates 88 miles to Strasburg, a town in Shenandoah Co. This route (as contemplated) runs in a north-westerly direc- tion, through Manassas Gap, towards Winchester, and then deflecting southward, traverses ono of the Alle- ghany Valleys — almost parallel with the Orange and Alexandria Road — until it connects with the Virginia Central at Staunton : the whole district being 162 miles. UNION- MILLS, (Gordonsville (35 miles— Alexan- dria 23 miles,) a post village of Fluvanna Co., and located on Rivanna River, which flows through the centre of the same. The river affords excellent water power facilities for manufacturing, which advantage is 146 hunt's gazetteer of the appreciated in the operating of a cotton factory and sev- eral other mills. Population 300. FAIRFAX, (Gordonsville 11 miles — Alexandria 17 miles,) Court House, a small town of 350 souls, is the capital of Fairfax Co. This district lies between the Potomac and Occoquan, and borders also on Maryland and the District of Columbia; was established in 1742, and immortalizes the name of Lord Fairfax. It will be remembered, that Mount Vernon — sacred to every American as the homo and tomb of the immortal "Father of his Country" — [but now in the possession of a nominal, not real descendant of the great family whoso exalted name the nation worships] — borders on the Potomac, in Fairfax Co., 15 miles below Washington City. BURKE'S, (Gordonsville 7-1 miles— Alexandria 14 miles,) a post office in same county. SPRINGFIELD, (G-ordonsvillc 70 miles— Alex- andria miles.) ALEXANDRIA, (Gordonsville 88 miles— Wash iDgton City, by steamboat, 8 miles,) the northern termi- nus of the Orange and Alexandria, Railroad, is the capital of Alexandria Co., Virginia. It is eligibly situated on the right bank of the Potomac Elver, which is here one mile wide, and being of sufficient depth for the largest ships, affords a commodious harbor. The city and county of Alexandria were once comprised within the boundary of the District of Columbia, form- ing part of the national and congressional territory, but wero retroceded to Virginia by an act of Congress, in 1845-46. Alexandria is located upon undulating ground, and high enough to afford a fine river view of the distant metropolis, and of the majestic and broad-bosomed Potomac. It is built with much regularity; the streets, which eross each other at right angles, aro for the most part well paved, and furnished with gas-lights. Water BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 147 has also boon distributed throughout the city, being raised from the river by machinery. The public buildings of Alexandria embrace about one dozen churches, a court house, museum, banks, &c. There are also several excellent schools, and sundry newspaper offices. Considerable shipping is owned here, which is engaged in the exportation of corn, tobacco, and stone-coal. Besides the river navigation, a canal is operated to Georgetown, where it forms a junction with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which has been auxiliary to the advancement of inter- nal improvement. The principal item in manufacturing appertains to the production of cotton goods— there, being a number of cloth mills in the full tide of success- ful operation. The surface of the country is hilly, and the soil thin ; producing Indian corn, wheat, oats, and hay, as the staples. Population of Alexandria is esti- mated at 13,000. Mount Vernon, the Mecca of America, and sacred as the home and tomb of the immortal Washington, can be reached most advantageously from Alexandria. Steamboats between "Washington City and Acquia Creek afford to passengers only a glimpse of the general view. Hence, to make a satisfactory visit and thorough exami- nation of this hallowed locality, tourists are recom- mended to go by private conveyance, (a distance of sown miles) from Alexandria. The disadvantageous method of getting to Mount Vernon, has no doubt proved a serious drawback upon the general disposition enter- tained by the American people to make a pilgrimage thither, and spend a few hours amid those shades, where lived and died the greatest and best man known to modern history. The Washington and Alexandria Railroad is not in present use. This road is about six miles long, and of very indifferent construction. The ground occupied by it, however, is so important that it cannot possibly be allowed to remain unavailable much longer; for the interests of the Great Southern Route leading eastward 148 hunt's gazetteer of the from Memphis, and all points south thereof, require that, from Alexandria eastward there shall be a con- tinuous and unbroken rail-route to the seabord cities ; in order that the travel which now passes from the interior of the Southern States to Savannah, Charleston, and other southern seaports — thence to take steamship to the large eastern cities — may be induced to keep the rail to the point of destination. To make the land-route more attractive than the sea-route, it is only necessary that the few existing gaps shall be filled up ; and as the most inconvenient of these gaps is the one between Washington and Alexandria, provision will doubtless soon be made to close it with a river bridge and a few miles of good track, so that cars may pus.-- between the depots in Alexandria and Washington. Steamboats leave Alexandria for Washington City every half hour and return — fare 12^ cents. THE POTOMAC RIVER, (Alexandria to Washington, 8 miles,) throughout its entire length, forms the State-line between Maryland and Virginia. Its general course is south-east ; and along the entire dis- tance of 350 miles, from its mountain source lo Chesa- peake Bay, the scenery is varied and celebrated lor its magnificence. Its largest affluent is the Shenandoah, which, at the confluence-point, is as great a volume as the main stream. At this point is "Harper's Ferry," famous for its beautiful scenery, and which Jefferson averred to be " one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic to witness." At Georgetown, (directly above Washing ton) the river falls over the edge of the primitive formation, while 13 miles above, are the Great Falls which is represented as being one of the most interesting cataracts in the United States. The bay-tide ascends 120 miles, to Georgetown, and affords ample depth for the largest class of vessels to visit Washington, WASHINGTON. — It is almost seems a provi- dential coincidence, that the name of our illustrious Pater Patrle — " first in war, first in peace, and first BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 149 in the hearts of his countrymen" — should also become first and foremost among metropolitan titles ; . and that the glory of his immortal name should culminate in, and be for all time — as it was in the early years of our ?ountry — "the very head and front" of the nation! History. — The site of the national capital was .?hosen at the suggestion of President Washington ; the District of Columbia was established by an act of Con- gress, July 16, 1190; and the seat of government re- moved hither from Philadelphia in the year 1800. In 1814, the city was. visited by the British army, at which time the infamous Ross perpetrated a wantonness in the burning of the Capitol, President's House, Con- gressional Library, and in the defacing of other public works, that would have done credit to the rude Attila or the inhuman Nero ; but he soon after met a retribu- tive death at Baltimore. The District of Columbia, as originally laid out, embraced an area of ten miles square, on both sides of the Potomac; but subsequently retroceded the Virginia portion, and at present occupies but one county of Maryland, in which are the two cities of Georgetown and "Washington. Situation. — The city is located on the east bank of the Potomac, occupying a general elevation forty feet above the level of the river. Though not, like Rome, seven-hilled, yet Washington does imitate the Eternal City, in its possessing a Capitoline Hill ; where the Sons of Liberty have done nobler things in their time than did those venerable Conscript Fathers, under the sceptre of Jupiter Capitolinum. There are also addi- tional undulations, which afford eligible positions for the other public buildings. The city is encompassed by a fine range of hills, forming a natural amphitheatre, pre- senting to the eye a variety of woodland, verdant and cultivated slopes — beautiful sites for villas and private residences — all of which command an extensive and varied prospect of tho city, the adjacent country and the meandering Potomac, as far as the eye can reach. Washington possesses the two essential requisites for 150 hunt's gazetteer of the health— pure air and good water — considerations worthy of its illustrious founder. Design. — The magnificent plot of the city is slightly amphitheatrical ; the Capitol and President's House, though one mile from each other, stand centrally with regard to the general plan. The streets, from 70 to 110 feet wide — designated alphabetically, beginning at the Capitol; and those running east and west, by num- bers — are intersected by avenues, from 120 to 160 feet wide, named after the States of the Union. Five of the latter radiate from both the Capitol and the President's House, giving these conspicuous points most ready com- munication with all parts of the city. A more magnificent scheme than that adopted for "Washington, could scarcely be devised ; and when, in future years, shall be realized the full growth which the great originator contemplated — -a reasonable anticipation, consequent upon our country's advancing prosperity and glory — it will present a scene of metropolitan extent and grandeur unsur- passed in modern times. Population and Society. — The resident population of Washington is computed to bo nearly 00,000, and this is greatly increased during the session of Con- gress. The growth of the city has not been very rapid, but steady ; and it is not unreasonable to believe that, as the nation increases in wealth, and the public service demands further accommodation and assistance, there will continue to bo drawn hither, persons of literary and scientific attainments, together with unborn hosts of politicians, who will endeavor in their time to drink for a while at the great fountain-head of the national service. Besides these, however, are tho^e of wealth and leisure, who seek this central point — very agreeable in its latitude for winter residence — to < the gaiety of the capital and advantages of the best society of the republic, (congregated as it is ftom all portions thereof,) and which, with that "r.otive here and to the manor born," constitutes a reflex of the varied phases i f our national character. BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 151 Public Buildings.* — These possess a magnificence becoming a great nation, and in this respect alone does Washington fulfill the ideas entertained of a great metropolis. The Capitol, the first in importance, is the finest build- ing in this country; and not inferior to any senate- house in the world. It is situated upon an eminence *73 feet above tide, and commands a view of the entire city and country. It is built of free-stone, and consists of a centre building and two wings, 352 feet long, by 121 feet deep, at the wings. It contains the Senate Cham- ber, Hall of Representatives, Supreme Court, Congres- sional Library, and a great number of Committee Rooms, Reception Rooms, &c. The extension of this edifice was commenced in 1851, the ultimate design of which will increase its length to 151 feet — the whole covering an area of three and a half acres. The East- ern front is one of the most tasteful and commanding in the Union ; while the Western, though not so impos- ing in itself, affords the finest view in this " city of magnificent distances" — overlooking all the other princi- pal buildings. The grand rotunda contains eight largo pictures, by Trumbull, Weir, Yanderlyn, Chapman, and Powell — painted by order of Government. The view from the dome is one of unrivaled magnifi- cence, at onco confirming the truth of the city's soubri- quet, and convincing the beholder that it would be diffi- cult to find a more eligible location for the nation's me- tropolis. The surrounding grounds are beautifully cultivated, containing every description of American tree and flower, and dotted over with statuary — conspicuous among which is Greenough's colossal "Washington." A bill is now before Congress, authorizing the Secretary * It would be impossible, within the limits of a work like this to describe minutely every note-worthy object and matter of interest connected with each public building in Washington. Travelers are therefore respectfully "referred iii this, as in all similar iustauces, to the proper City Guide-Bouks. 152 hunt's gazetteer or the of the Interior to enlarge these grounds to the two Second streets east and west, and to the two C streets north and south, and condemn all the property neces- sary for such enlargement within the space designated. The Presidents Mansion, popularly known as the " White House," occupies an eminence forty-four feet above tide. It is an elegant structure of free-stoue (painted white), two lofty stories high — dimensions, 170 by 86 feet. It stands amid twenty acres, which gradually incline toward the river ; an area not too spacious for one accustomed to the broad acres of his own " Wheat- land." The interior apartments are admirably fitted to their purpose, and splendidly furnished ; and in every may adapted for the residence of the Chief Magistrate of a great nation, and for the reception of his various company. The Departments of State, of War, and of the Navy, together with the Treasury Department, occupy positions contiguous to the Presidential mansion. The two for military purposes are very plain structures, and not so imposing as their diplomatic and financial neighbors. The State Department contains a library of over 12,000 works, copyrighted in the United States. The Indian Bureau is contained in the Navy Department building. The Pension Office is a very large but plain structure, immediately west of the Navy Department. The General Post Office is located on B street, mid- way between tho Capitol and President's House ; is built of white marble, in Corinthian style, and its grand di- mensions rank it among the most imposing edifices in Washington. Tho Department of the Interior, or Homo Department, but (from its most conspicuous bureau) more commonly known as tho Patent Office, is near tho General Post Office; and when completed, will occupy one entire square. Its design is not surpassed anywhere for extent and elegance ; and in addition to other spacious apartments, it contains one room (up stairs) 275 feet lonjr and G5 feet wide. This room is devoted to the BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 153 grand and increasing collections of this national institu- tion : models of invention and monuments of American genius. Here, too, are preserved many interesting relics of Washington and Franklin, presents from foreign governments, specimens and curiosities gathered by ex- ploring expeditions, &c. — rendering this a most interest- ing place to visit. WILMINGTON AND MANOHESTEE EAILEOAD. KINGS VILLE (to Wilmington 171 miles.) WATBREE JUNCTION, (Kingsville 9 miles- Wilmington 162 miles,) a post village of Richland Dis- trict, South Carolina, at the junction of the South Caro- lina Railroad with the Columbia Branch Railroad. MANCHESTER, (Kingsville 15 miles— Wilming- ton 156 miles,) a post village of Sumpter District, South Carolina, about 36 miles E. S. E. of Columbia. It is a station on the railroad which connects with the Camden Branch about 6 miles from this village. SUMTERVILLE, (Kingsville 25 miles — Wil- mington 146 miles,) a post village, capital of Sumter District, South Carolina, 63 miles east by south of Co- lumbia. It contains a bank, several churches, and a newspaper office. MAYSVILLE, (Kingsville 34 miles— Wilmington 137 miles,) a station of Sumter District, South Carolina, LYNCHBURG, (Kingsville 43 miles— Wilmington 12S miles,) a fine little post village of Sumter District, South Carolina, 18 miles north-east of Sumterville. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOKSELLER, STATIONER AND NEWSDEALER, MASONIC HAl^Ci, 5th Street, Pittsburg, Pa, DEALER IN Bill — Foolscap — Legal Gap — Letter— Note- Bath Post, and Tissue Papers. School-Books — Slates — Pens — Pencils. Blank-Books — Envelopes. Diaries and Almanacs of all Kinds. Ink — Inkstands — "Writing Desks. Portfolios — Soldiers' Writing Cases. Checkers — Checker-Boards — Chess — Back- gammon Boards — Dominoes and Games of all Kinds. Visiting — Playing— Conversation and For- tune-Telling Cards. Pocket-Books — "Wallets — Portmonnaies. Postal Currency Cases— Card Cases — Bank- ers' Cases. Bibles — Hymn-Books — Prayer-Books. Juvenile Books — Toy-Books. Historical — Poetical — Agricultural. Mechanical — Architectural, and Medical Works. All of Fowler 8c Wells' Publications. All of the Dime-Books. All the New Books. All the Papers and Magazines. Maps of all Kinds. Annuals— Albums— Water-Colors. &c. jgeT Subscriptions received for the Tapers and Maga- zines at the very lowest rates. 154 JOHN P. HUNT, Masonic Hall, 5th Street, Pittsburg, Pa. BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 155 TIMONSVILLE, (KingsviUe 52 miles— Wilming- ton 119 miles,) a post office of Darlington District. FLORENCE, (KingsviUe 64 miles— Wilmington .10*7 miles,) a post village of Darlington District. MARS BLUFF, (KingsviUe 70 miles— Wilming- ton 101 miles,) a post office of Marion District, South Carolina. PEE DEE, (KingsviUe 76 miles— Wilmington 95 miles), a post office. MARION, (KingsviUe 85 miles— Wilmington 86 miles,) a large village, capital of Marion District, 110 miles E . by N. of Columbia. It is situated in a level and fertile country, in which cotton and rice flourish. A newspaper is published here. MULLEN'S, (KingsviUe 92 miles— Wilmington 77 miles.) a small post village. NICHOLS, (KingsviUe 90 miles— Wilmington 72 miles,) flag station. FAIR BLUFF, (KingsviUe 108 miles— Wilming- ton 63 mUes.) a post office, Columbus Co., N. Carolina, GRISTS', (KingsviUe 121 miles— Wilmington 53 miles,) flag station. WHITE SVILLE, (KingsviUe 121 miles— Wil- mington 44 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Columbus Co., N. Carolina, 100 miles S. by W. of Ra- leigh. FLEMINGTGN, (KingsviUe 137 miles— Wil- mington 34 miles,) a post village in Wake Co., N. C, 15 miles northwest of Raleigh. MAXWELL, (KingsviUe 144 miles— Wilmington 24 miles,) a station of Brunswick Co., N. Carolina. BRINKLEY'S, (KingsviUe 1.54 miles— Wilming- ton 11 miles.) a post village of Halifax Co., N. Carolina, 90 miles north-east of Raleigh. "WILMINGTON, (KingsviUe 171 miles,) a city, 156 hunt's gazetteer of the port of entry, and capital of New Hanover Co., is situated on the left bank of Cape Fear River, just below the entrance of its N. E. branch, 34 miles from the sea, 135 miles S. E. of Raleigh, 180 miles N, E. of Charleston. It is the largest arid most commercial place in the Stale. The town contains 3 banks, with an average capital of $1,500,000. 5 or 6 newspapers are published here. More than 30 steam-engines are employed in the manu- factories of this place. Population about 15,000. BKANCHVILLE AND COLUMBIA EAILE0AD. BRANCHVILLE, (Columbia 66 miles.) ROWES, (Branch 9 miles— Columbia 51 miles,) post office. ORANGEBURG, (Branchville 11 miles— Colum- bia 49 miles,) a small village in Orangeburg District, which has an area of 1,438 square miles. JAMIBSON'S, (Brauchville 24 miles— Columbia 42 miles,) post office. LEWISVILLE, (Branchville 28 miles— Columbia 38 miles,) post village FORT MOTTE, (Branchville 35 miles— Columbia 31 miles,) an old revolutionary stockade on the Con- garee, named after a colonel of the same name. KINGS VILLE, (Branchville 41 miles—Columbia 25 miles,) post office. GADSDEN, (Branchville 46 miles— Columbia 20 miles,) a small post village in Richland District. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 157 HOPKINS', (Branchville 54 miles—Columbia 12 miles,) a small village named in houor of Gen. Samuel Hopkins, an officer in the army at the time of the Revolutionary War. HAMPTON'S, (Branchville 60 miles— Columbia 6 miles,) post village. COLUMBIA, (Branchville 66 miles,) a city, capital of South Carolina, and seat of justice of Rich- land District, on the left bank of the Congaree River, just below the confluence of the Saluda and Broad, 124 miles north northwest of Charleston. The greater number of the dwellings are of wood. Columbia, is the seat of South Carolina College, founded by the State in 1804. It is the terminus of three railroads connecting it with Charleston via Columbia Branch, Greenville and Columbia and the Charlotte and South Carolina Rail- road. Population 10,000. WILMINGTON AND WELD0N E. E. See Index for Walker and McKernan. WILMINGTON, (Weldon 162 miles.) NORTH BAST, (Wilmington 9 miles— Weldon 152 miles,) post office. MARLBORO', (Wilmington 11 miles— Weldon 150 miles,) a post office of Pitt County, North Carolina. ROCKY POINT, (Wilmington 14 miles— Weldon 147 miles,) post village. BURG AW, (Wilmington 22 miles— Weldon 139 miles,) flag station. 158 HUNTS GAZETTEER 0*' THE SOUTH WASHINGTON, (Wilmington 29 miles — Weldon 132 miles,) post office. LEESBURG-, (Wilmington 33 miles— Weldon 128 miles,) flag station. TEACHEY'S, (Wilmington 38 miles— Weldon 123 miles,) a village of Duplin County, North Carolina. ROSEMARY", (Wilmington -11 miles— Weldon 120 miles,) post village. MAGNOLIA, (Wilmington 48 miles— Weldon 113 miles,) flag station. WARSAW, (Wilmington 55 miles— Weldon 106 miles,) a post village of Duplin County, North Carolina. BOWDEN, (Wilmington 59 miles— Weldon 102 miles,) flag station. FAXSON, (Wilmington G3 miles — Weldon 98 miles,) a depot on this railroad, and a post village in Duplin County, North Carolina. * MOUNT OLIVE, (Wilmington 1 miles— Weldon 91 miles,) a post office of Wayne County, N. C. DUDLEY, (Wilmington t5 miles— Weldon 86 miles,) post village. EVERITTSVZLLE, (Wilmington 18 miles— Weldon 83 miles,) a post village of Wayne County, North Carolina, on the Neuse River, about 50 miles southeast from Raleigh. It contains a flourishing seminary for young ladies. GOLDSBORO , (Wilmington 84 miles— Wejdon H miles.) a po'st village, capital of Wayne Couuty, i, on the N6use River, where it is cr \ v W. Railroad, 50 miles southeast of Ral irst house was built in 18! I. In I ! ".:i!i to improvi rapidly and is now one of the most ng plo the lie. b are rei can ascend the river for about two-thirds of the year, sboro is the easl terminus of the North Carolina BORDER AND- SOUTHERN STATES. 159 railroad. Three newspapers are published in the village. There is quite a flourishing seminary for each sex. Population 2,500. PIKEVILLE (Wilmington 92 miles— Weldon 69 miles,) post office. HAHUNTA, (Wilmington 95 miles— Weldon 66 miles,) a post village 60 miles from Raleigh. BLACK CREEK, (Wilmington 102 miles — Weldon 59 miles,) of Johnson County, North Carolina, flows into the Neuse River a few miles b%low Smith- field. WILSON, (Wilmington 108 miles— Weldon 53 miles,) a post village, capital of Yadkin County, North Carolina. It was laid out the year 1851, when the county was first formed. JOYJTES, (Wilmington 116 miles— Weldon 45 miles,) a post village of Edgecombe County, North Carolina, 32 miles north of Goldsboro. ROCKET MOUNT, (Wilmington 125 miles— Wel- don 36 miles,) a post village of Edgecombe Co., North Carolina, 56 miles E. of Raleigh. SCHRADER'S, (Wilmington 130 miles— Weldon 31 miles,) flag station. BRATTLEBORO', (Wilmington 133 miles— Woldon 28 miles,) post office. WHITTAKER'S, (Wilmington 137 miles— Wei don 24 miles,) post village. ENFIELD, (Wilmington 143 miles— Weldon IS miles,) a post village of Halifax Co., N. Carolina. HALIFAX, (Wilmington 154 miles— Weldon 8 miles,) a post town, capital of Halifax Co., N. Carotin;!, is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Roanoke River 7 miles below tho Falls, 87 miles N. E. of Raleigh It has considerable trade, for which the river affords great facilities. Steamboats ascond to this town, arid ■■< canal has been cut around tho Falls, by which boats can 160 hunt's gazetteer of the ascend more than 100 miles further. Halifax has the honor of being the birth-place of the Constitution of N. Carolina. WELDON, (Wilmington 162 miles,) a thriving post village of Halifax' Co., N. Carolina, on the right bank of Roanoke River, at the head of navigation, 98 miles N. E. of Raleigh. Four railroads meet here, viz'. : the Wilmington and Raleigh, the Sea-board and Roanoke, the Gaston and Raleigh, and the Petersburg Railroad. Two newspapers are here published. A canal has been made around the Falls, by which bat- teaux can ascend to Danville. PETERSBUEG AND WELTON R, E, WELDON, (Petersburg 63 miles.) PLEASANT HILL, (Weldon 13 miles— Peters- burg 50 miles,) a post office and station of Northampton Co., N. Carolina. HICKSFORD JUNCTION, (Weldon 20 miles — Petersburg 43 miles,) post village. BELLFIELD, (Weldon 23 miles— Petersburg 40 miles,) flag station. STONY CREEK. (Weldon 4.2 miles— Petersburg 21 miles,) post office. PETERSBURG, (Weldon 63 miles.) a handsome and flourishing post town of Dinwiddie Co., Y~n., on the right bank of the Appomattox Pivor at the cross- ing of the Great Southern Railroad, 22 miles south of Richmond, and 10 miles from James River, at City Point, It is the third town of Virginia in respect of" population, and possesses great facilities for business. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 161 Yessels of 100 tons burden ascend the river to this place, and those of larger size to Chatham, 6 miles below. The South Side Railroad has its East terminus at this place, and the Appomattox Railroad connects it with City Point, at the mouth of the river. The Falls of the river, which arrest the ascent of the tide immediately above Petersburg, furnish extensive water power. A canal has been Cut around these Palls, by which means small boats ascend the river for a distance of about hun- dred miles. In 1815 a great fire occurred here, by which near 400 houses were consumed. Population about 20,000. EXCHM0ND AND PETEESBXJEG B. E, PETERSBURG, (Richmond 22 miles.) PORT WALTHAL, (Petersburg 6 miles— Rich- mond 16 miles,) a flourishing little post village on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. CLOVER HILL, (Petersburg 9 miles— Richmond 13 miles,) post office. HALF-WAY STATION, (Petersburg 11 miles — Richmond 11 miles,) a small post village and station on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, equi-distant from the two places. RICE'S TURNOUT, (Petersburg 14 miles- Richmond S miles,) flag station. SEMPLE'S, (Petersburg 11 miles— Richmond 5 miles,) post office. MANCHESTER, (Petersburg 20 miles— Rich- mond 2 miles,) a post village of Chesterfield Co., Va., on the James River, opposite Richmond, with which it 162 hunt's gazetteer of the is connected by a bridge. It is beautifully situated, and contains 2 churches, and some elegant residences, erected by persons doing business in Eichmond. It has manufactories of tobacco, cotton, and flour. Population estimated at 2,000. RICHMOND, (Petersburg 22 miles.) 3EAB0ABD AND B0AN0KE E. B, WELDON, (Portsmouth 80 miles.) CONCORD, (Weldon 10 miles— Portsmouth 70 miles,) a small post village. MARGARETS VILLE, (Weldon 11 miles- Portsmouth 63 miles,) post office. BRANCHVILLE, (Weldon 23 miles— Portsmouth 5*7 miles,) a fine little village. BOYKIN'S, (Weldon 26 miles— Portsmouth 54 miles,) flag station. NEWSOM'S, (Weldon 30 miles— Portsmouth 50 miles,) post office. MURFEB'S, (Weldon 39 miles— Portsmouth 41 miles,) flag station. BLACKWATER, (Weldon 43 miles— Portsmouth 31 miles,) post village. CARRSVILLE, (Weldon 49 miles— Portsmouth 31 miles,) post office. SUFFOLK, (Weldon 63 miles— Portsmouth IT miles,) a small but flourishing post village. PORTSMOUTH (Weldon 80 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 163 WILMINGTON, CHAELOTTE AND BUTHEKFOED EAILWAY, See Index for Merrill & Co. WILMINGTON, (Laurel Hill 95 miles.) RIVERSIDE, (Laurel Hill 86 miles— Wilmington 9 miles,) on the right bank of Cape Fear, which is a large and important river, whose course lies wholly in North Carolina, and the only one which flows directly into the sea from this State. Steamboats ascend in all stages of water to Fayetteville 120 miles, and the navi- gation has been opened by means of dams and locks as far as the coal-mines of Chatham County at Averys- borough. The river falls over a primitive ledge which divides the hilly regions of the State from the low country, after which it traverses a level and sanely dis- trict, in which large forests of pitch pines are found. The length including one of the branches is estimated at about 300 miles. MARLVILLE, (Wilmington 30 . miles— Laurel Hill 65 miles,) post office. ROSINDALE, (Wilmington 41 miles— Laurel Hill 54 miles,) a small post village. BROWN MARSH, (Wilmington 49 miles- Laurel Hill 46 miles,) flag station. BLADENBOROUGH, (Wilmington 58 miles- Laurel Hill 37 miles,) a small post village in Bledan (So., N. C. LUMBERTON, (Wilmington 62 miles— Laurel Hill 33 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of 164 hunt's gazetteer of the Eobeson Co., North Carolina, on the Lumber River, 91 miles south southwest from Raleigh. It has an active trade in both lumber and turpentine. Population is estimated at about 2,500. MOS8NECK, (Wilmington 11 miles — Laurel Hill 24 miles,) a small village and post office. RED BANKS, (Wilmington 73 miles — Laurel Hill 17 miles,) post office. SHOE HEEL, (Wilmington 82 miles — Laurel Hill 13 miles,) flag station. LAURINBURG, (Wilmington 89 miles— Laurel Hill 6 miles,) a small but flourishing post village. LAUREL HILL, (Wilmington 95 miles,) a post office of Richmond Co., N. C, about 100 miles south- west from Raleigh. MOBTH EASTEKN RAILWAY. CHARLESTON, (Florence 102 miles.) EIGHT MILE, T. O, (Charleston 8 miles- Florence 94 miles,) flag station. MOUNT HOLLY, (Charleston 19 miles— Florence 83 miles,) post village. MONK'S CORNER, (Charleston 'J9 miles- Florence 73 miles,) a post office of Charleston District, South Carolina, ST. STEVENS, (Charleston 45 miles— Florence 57 miles,) flag station. KINGSTREE, (Charleston 64 miles— Florence 38 miles,) a post village of Williamsburg District, South BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 165 Carolina, of which it is the capita], on the left bank of Black River 76 miles in a direct line, or about 100 miles by post route, east southeast of Columbia. CADE'S, (Charleston 12 miles — Florence 30 miles,) flag station. GRAHAMBVILLB, (Charleston Id miles — Florence 23 miles,) a post village in Beaufort District, South Carolina, 120 miles south of Columbia. EFFINGHAM, (Charleston 93 miles— Florence 9 miles,) a post village in Darlington District, South Carolina. FLORENCE, (Charleston 102 miles,) a post office of Darlington District, South Carolina, at the northern terminus of the North Eastern Railroad, and at the southern terminus of the Cheraw and Darlington Rail- way. CHEEAW AND DAELXMT0N E. E. FLORENCE, (Cheraw 40 miles.) DARLINGTON, (Florence 10 miles— Cheraw 30 miles,) a post village, capital of Darlington District, S. Carolina. DOVER, (Florence 18 miles— Cheraw 22 miles,) a post village. SOCIETY HILL, (Florence 26 miles— Cheraw 14 miles,) a post village of Darlington District, S. Caro- lina, about 100 miles E. N. E. of Columbia. It is near the west bank of the Great Pedee River, and contains several churches and stores. CHERAW, (Florence 40 miles,) a post village of Chesterfield District, S. Carolina, on the right bank of 166 hunt's gazetteer of the Great Pedee River, at the head of steam navigation, 93 miles E. N. E. of Columbia. It has a plank-road lead- ing to "Wadesborough, N. Carolina, and is a place of considerable importance as a depot for cotton. Oheraw contains 2 banks, several churches and academies, and about 1,200 inhabitants. GEEENVILLE AND COLUMBIA RAILWAY. COLUMBIA, (Greenville 144 miles.) FROST'S MILL, (Columbia 6 miles— Greenville 138 miles.) LITTLETON. (Columbia 15 miles— Greenville 129 miles,) a post office of Richland District, S. Carolina. ALSTON, (Columbia 25 miles— Greenville 119 miles,) a post office of Fairfield District, S. Carolina. HOPE STATION, (Columbia 29 miles, Green- ville 115 miles,) a post village of Lexington District, S. Carolina. POMARIA, (Columbia 32 miles— Green vi lie 112 miles,) a post office of Newberry District, S. Carolina. PROSPERITY, (Columbia 40 miles— Greenville 104 miles,) a post village of Newberry District. S. Caro- lina. NEWBERRY, C. H., (Columbia 47 miles- Greenville 97 miles,) a post village, canital of Newberry District, S. Carolina, W. N. TV. from Columbia. Granite, of a beautiful gray color is abundant in the vicinity. It contains a court-house, a bank, a news- paper office, and a number of stores. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 167 HELENA, (Columbia 48 miles — Greenville 96 miles.) SILVER STREET, (Columbia 54 miles— Green- ville 90 miles.) BOAZMAN'S, (Columbia 61 miles— Greenville 83 miles.) CHAFELL'S, (Columbia 65 miles— Greenville T9 miles.) NINE TIT SIX, (Columbia 15 miles— Greenville 69 miles,) a post office of Abbeville District. S. Carolina. GREENWOOD, (Columbia 85 miles— Greenville 59 miles,) a post village in Abbeville District, S. Carolina. COKESBURY, (Columbia 94 miles— Greenville 50 miles,) a post office of Abbeville District, S. Carolina. ABBEVILLE, (Branch) (Columbia 106 miles,) a small town, capital of the Abbeville District, is situated on an affluent Of Little River, "W. by 2Sf. from Columbia, and 529 miles S. W. from Washington. It contains a court-house, jail, arsenal, magazines, and a newspaper office. The surrounding country is fertile, and mostly occupied by plantations of cotton and Indian corn. BARMORE'S, (Columbia 100 miles— Greenville 44 miles.) DONNALD'S, (Columbia 102 miles— Greenville 42 miles.) HONEA PATH, (Columbia 109 miles— Green- ville 35 miles.) BELTON, (Columbia 111 miles— Greenville 21 mi.) ANDERSON, (Branch,) (Columbia 12*7 miles,) a post village, capital of Anderson District, S. Carolina, W. K TV. of Columbia. WILLI AMSTON, (Columbia 124 miles— Green- ville 20 miles,) a post village of Anderson District, S. Carolina. GOLDEN GROVE, (Columbia 135 miles— Green- 168 hunt's gazetteer of the ville 9 miles,) a post village of Greenville District, S. Carolina. GREENVILLE, (Columbia 144 miles,) a flourish- ing post village, capital of Greenville District, S. Caro- lina, on Reedy River, near its source, N. TV. of Colum- bia. The situation is elevated and healthy, at the foot of the Saluda Mountain, which renders it a favorite resort for persons who reside in the lower country. It is the N. terminus of the Greenville and Columbia Rail- road. Greenville has 3 churches, 2 academies, and 2 news- paper offices. Population 1,305, of whom 685 are free, and 620 slaves. SPARTANBURG AND UNION RAILWAY. ALSTON, (Spartanburg 68 miles.) LYLE'S TANK, (Alston 10 miles — Spartanburg 58 miles.) STROTHER, (Alston 12 miles— Spartanburg 56 miles.) LYLE'S FORD, (Alston 16 miles— Spartanburg 52 miles.) SHELTON, (Alston 20 miles — Spartanburg 48 mi.) SIMSVILLE, (Alston 23 miles— Spartanburg 45 miles.) FISHDAM, (Alston 30 miles— Spartanburg 38 miles,) a post village in Union District, S. Carolina, 60 miles N. TV. from Columbia. TJNIONVILLE, (Alston 40 miles— Spartanburg 28 miles.) a post village, capital of Union District, S. Carolina, 70 miles N. N. TV. from Columbia. The sur- BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 169 rounding country is hilly, and contains an abundance of granite and iron ore. The Spartanburg and Union Kail- road passes through it, connecting it with the Greenville and Columbia Eailroad. TURNPIKE PROM SAVANNAH TO ST. GEORGE 102 MILES. Crossing the Savannah River you go northeast 33 miles to Grahamville, a post village on the S. & C. R. R., and 15 miles further you arrive at Pocotaligo, a small village at this place ; a pike leading to the left takes you to Augusta, G-a., 85 miles, passing through the villages of Gallisonville, Robertsville, Lawtonville, Lower Three Runs, Speedwell, to the city of Hamburg opposite Augusta, on the Savannah River. From Pocotaligo to Blue Ho is 14 miles, here a turnpike runs east to Charleston, 40 miles distant, passing through Jackson- ville and crossing the Edisto River at that place. From Blue Ho to Walterboro' is 10 miles, and 11 miles further is the village of Redbank ; from here it is 9 miles to St. George, a station on the C. & A. R. R. TURNPIKE PROM CHARLESTON, S. C. TO -WILMINGTON, N. C, 160 MILES. This pike runs near the coast to the city of George- town, 18 miles from the Atlantic and 60 miles from Charleston, it is bounded on the southwest by the Santee River, and intersected by the Pedee, "Waccamaw 170 hunt's gazetteer of the and Black Eiver, which unite and flow through Win- yaw Bay into the Atlantic. From here a turnpike runs to the Junction on the Wilmington and Cheraw Kail- road, 60 miles, passing through China Grove, Lynches Creek and Flintville to the Junction. From George- town to Buckville is 29 miles, crossing Pedee Eiver 8 miles from Buckville, 8 miles further you arrive at Conwayboro', from here it is 28 miles to Little Eiver. Shallottee is 15 miles from Little Eiver, from here it is 30 miles to Wilmington on Cape Fear Eiver. TURNPIKE FROM CHARLESTON, S. C. TO CHARLLOTTE, N. C, 197 MILES. This pike runs convenient to the C. & A. B, B., as far as Eidgeville' Station, a distance of BO miles where it passes directly north through Eoadville to Vance's Ferry, where it crosses the Santee River and passes through Friendship, and crosses the Columbia and Wilmington Railroad at Manchester ; Camden is 28 miles distant, a branch of the C. & W. E. E. runs to this point passing through Flat Bock, Pleasant Hill, Lan- caster, Belair. whence it is 19 miles to Charlotte, N. C. TURNPIKE FROM COLUMBIA, S. C. TO FAYETTEVILLE, N. C, 150 MILES. This pike runs northeast to Camden 30 miles dis- tant, crossing the Watcree River. Tiller's Ferry is 25 miles from here crossing at thia place Lynches BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 171 Creek. Cheraw is 34 miles from here and is the terminus of the branch road running to intersect the C. & W. R. R., 12 miles further on brings us to the village of Brightsville, to get to which we cross the Great Pedee River. Laurel Hill is 21 miles from here, the next village is Randallsville 12 miles distant. Davis' Springs is 12 miles from Randallsville and 13 miles from Fayetteville. Fayetteville is situated on the west bank of Cape Fear River, 100 miles northwest of Wilmington, and is the capital of Cumberland Co., N. C. The adjoining county is partly occupied by extensive pine forests, which supply important articles of export in the form of turpentine, tar, lumber, &c. Fayetteville contains an arsenal of construction, a large establish- ment enclosing about 50 acres, now nearly complete, it has 3 banks and 3 newspaper offices, the prosperity of this place has recently increased by the establishment of distilleries of turpentine and construction of plank roads. TURNPIKE PROM FAYETTEVILLE TO WILMINGTON 85 MILES. This pike follows the Cape Fear River to Wil- mington passing through Elizabethtown (38 miles from Fayetteville,) the county seat of Bladen Co. Flemington is 15 miles from Elizabethtown, from this place to Wilmington a distance of 32 miles, all along this country is low and marshy. From Wilming- ton a pike leads to Raleigh 115 miles distant, passing through Lisburn and Clinton, (at this place crossing the Fayetteville and Newbern turnpike,) Smithfield on the R. & N. R. R., and thence to Raleigh. From Raleigh a pike runs to Fayetteville 60 miles, passing Middle Creek and Averysboro and crossing Cape Fear River. 172 hunt's gazetteer of the TURNPIKE PROM FAYETTEVILLE TO SALISBURY 115 MILES. This pike runs west northwest passing through John- sonvihe, a post village of Cumberland Co., 23 miles dis- tant; Carthage, is 17 miles from Johnsonville and is the county seat of Moore Co., from here a turnpike runs to Raleigh 50 miles distant. Caledonia, 12 miles from Carthage, is a small post village. Uharee, a village, is 23 miles distant ; Mount Lebanon is 18 miles from Uharee and is a small village of Spartanburg District ; Salisbury is 115 miles from Fayetteville: three railroads meet here, and it is the capital of Rowan Co., X. C, about 10 miles west of the Yadkin River and 118 miles west of Raleigh, it is one of the most important places in North Carolina. The natural walls of Rowan, or trap dikes of this vicinity were for a long time sup- posed to be artificial constructions. Salisbury contains 1 bank, 1 newspaper office. Population 2,500. TURNPIKE FROM NEWBERN, N. C. TO RICHMOND, VA., 243 MILES. This piko runs north through the village of Swift Creek, 17 miles distant; Washington, 18 miles from Swift Creek, a post village of Beaufort Co., is on the left bank of Tar River, 40 miles from Pamlico Sound ; vessels drawing 8 feet of water ascend to this village, and smaller boats to Tarborough ; it has 2 banks, 1 newspaper office. Population 1,500. Plymouth 35 BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 173 miles from here is a post village, port of entry and capital of Washington Co., N. C, and about 8' miles south of Roanoke River where it enters Albemarle Sound ; it is connected with the sound by a small inlet called Nag's Head, and has an active trade and rapidly increasing. Population 1,000. Colerain 25 miles dis- tant is a post village on the right bank of the Chowan River, 140 miles east by north of Raleigh. Winton 22 miles distant is a post village, capital of Hertford Co., N. C, on the right bank of the Chowan River, 115 miles northeast of Raleigh. The river is navigable for sloops, in which staves and tar are exported. Suffolk, C.H., 28 miles distant on the S. & R. R. R., is a pest village and capital of TsTansemond Co., Va., on the Nansemond River, 85 miles southeast of Richmond, the river is navigable for small vessels; it contains 4 churches and 2 newspaper offices. Population 1,600. It is 11 miles from here to Portsmouth. Chuckatuck is 10 miles from Suffolk, C. H., Nansemond Co. 10 miles north of this place is Srnitkneld, a bands* me post village, capital of Isle of "Wight Co., Va., finely situated on a navigable creek which opens into the James River a few miles from its mouth. Population 1,100. Surry, C. H., 18 miles north of Smithiield, is a post village, capital of Surry Co., Va,, f> miles from the James River. Prince George, C. H., 18 miles distant, is a post village and capital of Prince George Co., Va., 24 miles southeast of Richmond. Petersburgh is 18 mile-; from Here; (for a description see Petersburgh and Rich- mond Railroad,) this pike leads to Richmond the capital of Virginia, also the capital of the so called C. S. A. 174 hunt's gazetteer of the TURNPIKE PROM RICHMOND TO HAMPTON ROADS 86 MILES. This pike leads southeast to the Chesapeake Bay, passing through the village of Frazerstown, 17 miles from Richmond. New Kent, C. H., is 13 miles dis- tant and is the capital of Kent Co. Barnumsville is 10 miles southeast and is the terminus of a branch railroad from Richmond. Williamsburg is 20 miles from Barnumsville and is the capital of James City Co., Va., 60 miles east of Richmond, and situated on a level plain between James and York rivers, 6 miles from each. It is the oldest incorporated town in the State and is interesting in historic associations. It was capital of the State until 1779 ; this is the place where the Federal forces under Maj.-Gren. Geo. B. McClellau defeated the rebels, May 6, 1862. Yorktown is 12 mLes from "Williamsburg and is capital of York Co., and a port of entry, on the right bank of York River, 11 miles from its mouth; it was settled in 1705. This locality was the theatre of one of the most important events in American history, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis to Gen. Washington, October 19, 1781. At the breaking out of the present rebellion the rebels took possession of this place and retained it until the Federal forces under McClellan compelled them to evacuate, which they did on May 5, 1862. Hampton is 24 miles from Yorktown and is the capital of Elizabeth Co., Ya., on the left bank of the James River, about 2 miles from its entranco into Chesapeake Bay. The part of the estuary of James River between Hampton and Norfolk is called Hampton Roads, which place is celebrated for the fight between the iron clads Monitor and Merrimac the Monitor proved victorious after the Merrimac had destroyed the Federal frigates Cumberland and Congress BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 175 From Richmond a pike leads to "Windmill Point on Chesapeake Bay, a distance of 85 miles, passing through the village of Fleetwood Academy, 30 miles from Rich- mond. 14 miles east is Tappahannock, a port of entry and capital of Essex Co., Ya., on the right bank of the Rappahannock River; it contains a custom-house, 1 church and 2 flourishing seminaries. Population 500. "Warsaw is 8 miles east and is the capital of Richmond Co., Va. Heathville is 15 miles southeast and is capital of Northumberland Co., Va.; it is situated on. the Northern Neck and one mile from the head of Coau River, a navigable inlet opening into the Potomac. Windmill Point is 20 miles south on the bay, a small village. For other roads see map. CHARLOTTE AND SOUTH CAROLINA RAILWAY. See Index for Green & Green. JUNCTION, (Charlotte 109 miles.) COLUMBIA, (Charlotte 106 miles.) KILLIAN'S MILL, (Columbia 14 miles— Char- lotte 95 miles,) flag station. CAMPBELL, (Columbia 24 miles— Charlotte 85 miles,) post office. RIDGE WAY, (Columbia 21 miles— Charlotte 82 miles,) a post village of Fairfield District. SIMPSONS, (Columbia 33 miles— Charlotte 16 miles.) 176 hunt's gazetteer op the WIHNSBOR©', (Columbia 39 miles—Charlotte 10 miles,) a post village, capital of Fairfield District, S. C. It is situated in a fertile farming district. The railroad connects it with Columbia and with Cataw Kiver. This village has several churches and an academy, 1 bank, and is the seat of the Furman Theo- logical Seminary, under the direction of the Baptists. Two periodicals are published here. WHITE OAK, (Columbia 4T miles— Charlotte 62 miles,) a post village of Fairfield District. YONGTJES, (Columbia 51 miles— Charlotte 58 miles,) post village. BLACKSTOCK, (Columbia 54 miles— Charlotte 55 miles,) post office. CORNWELL'S, (Columbia 58 miles— Charlotte 51 miles,) a post office of Chester -county. •CHESTER, (Columbia 66 miles — Charlotte 43 miles,) Chester or Chester ville is the capital of Chester District. It is situated in a fertile farming district, has an active business and 1 bank ; a railroad extends from this place to Torkville. SMITH'S STATION, (Columbia 76 miles — Charlotte 33 miles,) flag station. EBENEZER, (Columbia 86 miles— Charlotte 23 miles,) a post village of York district. CATAWBA RIVER, (Columbia 00 miles- Charlotte 19 miles.) FORT MILLS, (Columbia 93 miles— Charlotte 16 miles,) a. post office of York District. MORROW'S T. O., (Columbia 99 miles— Char- lotte 10. miles,) Hag station. CHARLOTTE, (Columbia 109 miles,) Charlotte is a thriving town and the capital of Mecklenburg Co., N". ft, on Sugar Creek, 158 miles west southwest of Raleigh. It is one of the principal towns in the west part of the State, and has rapidly increased for a tew years past in BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 177 consequence of the gold mine swhick have been opened in the vicinity. A branch mint was established here for the purpose of coining the gold. This town is also the terminus of the Central Railroad of North Carolina. It contains several churches, two newspaper offices and two banks. Population in 1353 was 2.500. ATLANTIC AND MOBTH OAKOLfflA BAILKOAD, MORBHBAD CITY", (Goldsboro 95 miles.) CAROLINA CITY, (Morehead City 3 miles— Goldsboro 92 miles,) post office. SHEFARDSVILLE, (Morehead City 11 miles — Goldsboro 84 miles,) flag station. WOOD'S BRICK YARD, (Morehead City 30 miles — Goldsboro 65 miles,) flag station. NBWBERN,. (Morehead City 36 miles— Goldsboro 59 miles,) a port of entry of North Carolina, and capital of Craven Co., is situated at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent Rivers, about 120 miles southeast of Raleigh, and 50 miles above Pamlico Sound. It was for many years the capital of the State. The Neuse River, which is more than a mile wide at this place, is navigable by steamboats about S months in the year. The entrance from the sea is through Ocracoke Inlet. Newbern has a considerable trade. The chief articles of export are grain, lumber, turpentine, tar, and naval stores. New- bern contains, besides the county buildings, several churches, 2 banks, and a theatre. Five or six news- 178 hunt's gazetteer of the papers are published here. The population is estimated at about 5,000. BATCHELOR'S CREEK, (Morehead City 44 miles — Goldsboro 51 miles,) a station on a creek of the same name.. TTJSCARORA, (Morehead City 41 miles— Golds- boro 51 miles,) flag station. KIHBTOH, (Morehead City 69 miles— G-oldsboro 26 miles,) a post village of Lenoir Co., North Carolina, 80 miles southeast of Ealeigh. PALLING CREEK, (Morehead City 76 miles— Coldsboro 19 miles,) a post office of Wayne Co., North Carolina. MQSELY HALL, (Morehead City 81 miles— Goldsboro 14 miles,) a post office of Lenoir Co., North Carolina. (Morehead City 95 miles.) NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. GOLDSBORO' (Charlotte 223 miles,) a post village, capital of "Wayne Co., North Carolina, on the Neuse River, where- it is crossed by the Wilmington and Weklon Railroad, 50 miles southeast of Raleigh. The first was built in 1841. About the year 1848 it began to improve rapidly, and is now one of the most flourish- ing places in the State. The public buildings are new and handsome. Steamboats can ascend the river to this place for about two-thirds of the year. Three newspapers are published in this village. Population in 1853 about 1,500. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 179 BOON HILL, (Goldsboro' 12 miles— Charlotte 211 miles,) a post office of Johnson Co. SMITHFIBLD, (Goldsboro' 22 miles— Charlotte 201 miles,) a post village, capital of Johnson Co., North Carolina, on the left bank of the Reuse River, 27 miles southeast of Raleigh. BTALLINGS, (Goldsboro' 34 miles— Charlotte 189 miles, ) flag station. RALEIGH, (Goldsboro' 48 miles— Charlotte 175 miles,) a city, capital of North Carolina, and seat of Justice of "Wake Co., a few miles west of "Wilmington, and 286 miles from Washington. Lat. 35° 47' north, Long. 78° 48' west. The situation is elevated and healthy, an open area of ten acres named Union Square, occupies the centre of the city, from which four prin- cipal streets, 99 feet wide, extend in different directions. The State House situated in Union Square, is among the largest and most splendid capitals in the United States. It is built of granite, and surrounded with mas- sive columns of the same material, after the manner of the Parthenon, and surrounded by a handsome dome. The dimensions are 160 feet long by 90 feet wide, and cost above $500,000. It also contains the North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the State Lunatic Asylum, a court house, market house, 2 banks- About 12 newspapers were published here previous to the war. Raleigh is the terminus of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, which with other lines forms a direct communication with Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia. Population 5,000. MORRISVILLE, (Goldsboro' 61 miles — Char- lotte 162 miles,) post office. DURHAM'S, (Goldsboro' 74 miles— Charlotte 149 miles,) flag station. HILLSBORO', (Goldsboro' 88 miles— Charlotte 135 miles,) a post village, capital of Orange Co., "North Carolina, on the Eno River, an affluent of the Neuse, 180 hunt's gazetteer of the It contains a new court house, and 2 or 3 newspaper offices. NBBANB'S, (Goldsboro' 98 miles— Charlotte 125 miles,) nag station. HAW RIVER, (Goldsboro' 104 miles— Charlotte 119 miles,) flag station. GRAHAM, (Goldsboro' 106 miles— Charlotte 117 miles,) a post village, capital of Alimance Co. It has 7 stores. Population about 500. COMPANY'S SHOP, (Goldsboro' 10S miles- Charlotte 115 miles,) post office. GIBSON VILLE, (Goldsboro' 115 miles— Char- lotte 108 miles,) post office. M'LAINS, (Goldsboro' 122 miles— Charlotte 101 miles,) post village. GREENSBORO', (Goldsboro' 130 miles— Charlotte 93 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of Guilford Co. The situation is healthy, and the surrounding country is fertile. It is a place of considerable activity iu trade and is the seat of excellent institutions for learning, among which are several academies. It contain.-; a number of manufactories.- JAMESTOWN, (Goldsboro' 140 miles — Char- lotte 83 miles,) a post village. HIGH POINT, (Goldsboro' 145 miles— Charlotte 78 miles,) post village. THOMASVILLE, (Goldsboro' 152 miles — Charlotte 71 miles,) post office. LEXINGTON, (Goldsboro' 163 miles— Charlotte 60 miles,) a flourishing and beautiful post village and capital of Davidson Co., N. C, is situated near Abbott's Creek, an affluent of Yadkin Elver, 112 miles west of Raleigh. "Valuable mines of lead and silver have been opened In the vicinity. HOLTSBURG, (Goldsboro' 172 miles— Charlotte 51 miles,) post village. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 181 SALISBURY, (Goldsboro' 180 miles— Charlotte 43 miles,) a thriving town, capital of Rowan Co., N. C, about 10 miles west of the Yadkin River, and 118 miles west of Raleigh. It is one of the most important places in western North Carolina, and is at the east terminus of the western turnpike which extends to the northeast border of G-eorgia. Salisbury contains 1 bank and one newspaper office. Population about 2,000. CHINA GROVE, (Goldsboro' 189 miles— Char- lotte 34 miles,) post village. CONCORD, Goldsboro' 202 miles— Charlotte 21 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Cabarras Co., on a branch of Rocky River, 145 miles west by south of Raleigh. HARRISBURG, (Goldsboro, 210 miles— Char- lotte 13 miles,) post village. CHARLOTTE, (Goldsboro' 223 miles,) a thriving town capital of Mecklenburg Co., on Sugar Creek, 158 miles west southwest of Raleigh. It is one of the principal towns in the west part of the State, and has rapidly increased within a few years past in consequence of the gold mines which have been opened in the vicinity. A branch mint has been established here for the purpose of coining the gold. It contains several, churches, 2 newspaper offices and 2 banks. Population about 30,000. WESTEEN (N0ETH 0AE0LINA) EAILWAY. SALISBURY, (Morgantown 81 miles.) WATER TANK, (Salisbury 6 miles— Morgan town 75 miles,) a watering station. 182 hunt's gazetteer of the THIRD CREEK, (Salisbury 10 miles— Morgan- town 63 miles.) WADDSLLS, T. O., (Salisbury 18 miles— Mpr gantown 63 miles,) flag station on Western Railway. STATE SVILLE, (Salisbury 25 miles— Morgan- town 56 miles,) a post village, capital of Iredell Co., N. C, on the western turnpike, 27 miles west by no th of Salisbury, and 145 miles west of Raleigh. PLOTTS, T. O., (Salisbury 33 miles— Morgontown 48 miles.) CATAWBA, (Salisbury 3S miles — Morgantown 44 miles,) a post village of Gaston Co., N. C. NEWTON, (Salisbury 50 miles— Morgantown 32 miles,) a thriving post village of Catawba Co., N. C, 175 miles west of Raleigh, is situated in a beautiful and fertile country and has an active trade. The German Reformed Church have established a college here. WHITE SULPHUR, (Salisbury 54 miles— Mor- gantown 27 miles,) a small village of Catawba Co., N. C HICKORY 1 TAVERN, (Salisbury 60 miles— Morgantown 21 miles,) a post office of Catawba Co., N. C. ICARD'S, (Salisbury 70 miles— Morgantown 11 miles,) a water station. MORGANTOWN, (Salisbury SI miles,) a beauti- ful post village, capital of Burke Co., N. C, on the Catawba River, 200 miles west of Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, several churches, mills, &c. Population 1,300. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 183 EALEIGH A&D GASTON RAILWAY. RALEIGH, (Gaston 85 miles.) HUNTS VXLLE, (Raleigh 10 miles— Gaston 15 miles,) post station. FORESTVILLE, (Raleigh 16 miles— Gaston 69 miles,) a smaU post village of "Wake Co., N. C. FRANKLINTON, (Raleigh 27 miles— Gaston 53 miles,) a post village of Franklin Co., N, C. It has grown up sinct the construction of the railway. KITRELL'S, (Raleigh 37 miles— Gaston 43 miles,) flag station. HENDERSON, (Raleigh 44 miles — Gaston 41 miles,) a thriving post village of Granville Co., N. C. It is a depot for produce. CLARKSVILLE RAXLWATT, (Raleigh 54 miles — Gaston 31 miles,) this is the junction of the Roanoke Yalley Railway. RIDGE WAY", (Raleigh 57 miles— Gaston 28 miles,) a post village of Warren Co., N. C. The Roanoke Valley Railway terminates here. WARRENTON, (Raleigh 61 miles— Gaston 24 miles,) a thriving post village of "Warren Co., K C, is situated near the source of Fishing Creek, a branch of Tar River. It has beside the county buildings, 2 or 3 churches, a newspaper office and several stores. Popu- lation estimated at about 1,500. MACON, (Raleigh 65 miles— Gaston 20 miles,) a post village of Warren Co., N. C. LITTLETON, (Raleigh 76 miles— Gaston 9 miles,) a small post village of Warren Co. 184 StTNT's GAZETTEER OF THE SUMMIT, (Raleigh 82 miles— Gaston 3 miles,) a small village and depot in Northampton Co., S. C. GASTON, (Raleigh 85 miles,) a thriving post vil- lage of Northampton Co., N. C, on the left bank of the Roanoke River. It is the terminus of two railroads which connect it with Raleigh, N. C, and Richmond, Va„ Gaston is a depot for tobacco and wheat. WESTERN RAILROAD, NORTH CAROLINA. FAYETTE VXLLE, (Mclvers 36 miles,) a flourish- ing town, capital of Cumberland Co., North Carolina, is situated on the left bank of Cape Fear River, at the head of natural navigation, 60 miles south from Raleigh, and 100 miles northwest from "Wilmington. The town is regularly laid out, with streets of 100 feet in width. It is the centre of an extensive trade, which is facilitated by plank-roadSj extending in various directions. The adjoining country is partly occupied by extensive forests of pine, which supply important articles of export, in the form of turpentine, tar, lumber, &c. The navigation has lately been extended, by the construction of locks and dams as far as tho coal mines of Chatham County. The ample water power of the river is employed in manufactories of cotton and flour. Fayetteville contains an arsenal of construction, a large establishment enclosing about 50 acres, now nearly complete ; also 3 banks, and 3 newspaper offices. In 1831, a large part of the town was destroyed by fire, and nearly $100,000 were subscribed for the relief of the sufferers by the citizens of this and other States. The prosperity of the place has recently been increased BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 185 by the establishment of distilleries of turpentine, and by the construction of plank-roads. The aggregate length of the latter, completed and in progress, is about 350 miles. Population about 10,000. LITTLE RIVER, (Fayetteville 6 miles— Mclvers 36 miles,) an affluent of Cape Fear River, flows through Cumberland County from the west. Upper Little River enters the Cape Fear, in the northern part of the same county. SPOUT SPRING, (Fayetteville, 14 miles— Mc- lvers 22 miles.) ROCK BRANCH, (Fayetteville 21 miles— Mc- lvers 15 miles.) JONESBORO', (Fayetteville 29 miles— Mclvers '7 miles.) McIVERS, (Fayetteville 36 miles.) This is the terminus of the Fayetteville Railroad. It is a hilly and fertile country, and affords abundant and inexhaustible beds of anthracite and bituminous coal, which have been opened in the central part of North Carolina. VIRGINIA CENTKAL RAILB0AD, FROM CHARLOTTEYILLE TO JACKSON RIVER. See Index for Adams Express. CHARLOTTEVILLE, (described elsewhere,) (Jackson River 94 miles.) MECHUM'S RIVER, (Charlotteville 7 miles- Jackson River 87 miles-.) 186 hunt's gazetteer of the GREENWOOD, (Charlotteville 15 miles— Jack- son River 79 miles,) a station at the base of the Blue Ridge Mountain. WAYHBSBORO', (Charlotteville 26 miles- Jackson River 68 miles,) a post village of Augusta Co., Virginia, situated at the west base of the Blue Ridge, 108 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. The village con- tains 2 or 3 churches, and an academy. Population estimated at 800. FISHERS VXLLE, (Charlotteville 31 miles- Jacksonville 63 miles,) a post office of Augusta Co. Virginia. STAUNTON, (Charlotteville 38 miles— Jackson River 56 miles,) a flourishing town, capital of Augusta Co., Virginia, is situated on a small branch of the Shenandoah River, near its source, and 120 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. Staunton is the seat of the Western Lunatic Asylum, and of the Virginia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and Blind. The blind are in the same building with the deaf and dumb, but under a separate instructor. Staun- ton contains 4 or 5 churches, 2 academies, 2 female seminaries, and 2 banks. Three newspapers are pub- ished here. The surrounding country is highly pro- ductive, and beautifully diversified, forming part of the great Valley of Virginia, In the limestone formation of this region, extensive caverns occur, among w the most celebrated is "Weyer's Cave, about 18 milei northeast from Staunton. Population about 3,500. SWOOP'S, (Charlotteville 46 miles— Jackson River 4 8 miles.) Creek. DTJNLAP'S, (Charlotteville 51 miles — Jackson River 43 miles,) in the southwest central part of. Vir- ginia, rises in Monroe Co., flows northeastward, and fails into Jackson River, near Covington. CRAIGSVILLE, (Charlotteville 61 miles— Jack- son River 33 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 187 GOSHEN, (Charlotteville 70 miles — Jackson Kiver 42 miles.) Goshen is situated at -the foot of the Great North Mts. which passes through the mountain to Millboro by tunnel. MILLBORO, (Charlotteville 77 miles— Jackson Kiver IT miles,) flag station. Millboro is within 10 miles of Warm Spring, in Bath Co. Between Millboro and Griffith the railroad passes through Graham Tunnel. GRIFFITH, (Charlotteville 85 miles— Jackson River 9 miles,) is situated on the head-waters of James River, at the foot of Great North Mountain. JACKSON RIVER, (Charlotteville 94 miles,) This place is situated near the White Sulphur Springs. The country about this place is remarkable for its beauti- ful scenery. ALEXANDRIA, LOUDON, AND HAMP- SHIRE RAILWAY. See Index for G. P. Hunt. ALEXANDRIA, (Leesburg 38 miles,) the capital of Alexandria Co., opposite Washington City. A canal extends from this city to Georgetown. ARLINGTON MILLS, (Alexandria G miles— Leesburg 32 miles,) flag station. CARLINVILLE, (Alexandria 1 miles— Leesburg 31 miles,) flag station. FALL'S CHURCH, (Alexandria 11 miles— Leesburg 27 miles,) a post office, Fairfax Co. 188 hunt's gazetteer of the VIENNA, (Alexandria 15 miles — Leesburg 23 miles,) post village. HUNTER'S MILL, (Alexandria 18 miles— Lees- burg 20 miles,) post office. THORNTON, (Alexandria 21 miles— Leesburg 11 miles,) post village. HERNDON, (Alexandria 23 miles— Leesburg 14 miles,) post office. GUILFORD, (Alexandria 21 miles— Leesburg 11 miles,) post office. FARMWELL, (Alexandria 31 miles— Leesburg 7 miles.) post office. LEESBURG, (Alexandria 38 miles,) a handsome post borough, capital of Loudon Co., is situated near the Kittoctan Mountain, 3 miles from the Potomac River, and 150 miles north of Richmond. The streets are well paved, and the town is built in a neat and sub- stantial manner. It contains a court house, 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and a newspaper office. It is surrounded by a beautiful variety of landscapes. Fopu- ation 2,500. MANASSAS GAP RAILWAY, See Index for North Railroad. MANASSAS JUNCTION, (Mount Jackson 85 miles.) The two great battles of Bnll Run were fought near this place, the former under Gen. McDowell, and the latter under Gen. Pope. GAINESVILLE, (Manassas Junction 8 miles- Mount Jackson 11 miles,) a small post village. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 189 THOROUGHFARE, (Manassas Junction 14 miles — Mount Jackson 11 miles,) water station. SALBM, (Manassas Junction 24 miles — Mount Jackson 61 miles.) A post village of Fauquier County, Yirginia, 52 miles from Alexandria, and 114 miles K K "W". of Richmond. The situation is high and pleasant. The village contains 1 church, an academy, and several stores. The post office is Salem Fauquier. PIEDMONT, (Manassas Junction 34 miles — Mount Jackson 51 miles,) a post village of Fauquier Co., Yirginia. MACKHAM, (Manassas Junction 39 miles — Mount Jackson 46 miles,) a post office of Fauquier County, Virginia. FRONT ROYAL, (Manassas Junction ±1 miles- Mount Jackson 38 miles,) a flourishing post village. BUCSTON, Manassas Junction *10 miles — Mount Jackson 29 miles,) a wood and water station. "WOODSTOCK, (Manassas Junction 14 miles — Mount Jackson 11 miles,) a beautiful post village of She- nandoah Co., Ta.j is situated on the Valley Turnpike, 1 mile from the north fork of the Shenandoah River, 160 miles northwest of Richmond. MOUNT JACKSON,' (Manassas Junction 85 miles,) a post village of Shenandoah Co., Virginia, on the Valley Turnpike from Staunton to Winchester. 190 hunt's gazetteer of the NORTH MISSOURI RAILWAY. See Indes for Adams Express Co. ST. LOUIS, (St. Joseph 304 miles,) a city, port of entry, and seat of Justice of St. Louis Co., Missouri,, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi River, 20 miles below the entrance of the Missouri River, 174 miles above the mouth of the Ohio River, 744 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, 1,194 miles above New Orleans, and 128 miles east from Jefferson City. The site rises from the river by the two plateaus of limestone formation, the first 20, and the other 60 feet above the floods of the Mississippi. . The ascent to the first plateau or bottom, as it may be termed, is somewhat abrupt ; the second rises gradually, and spreads out into an ex- tensive plain, affording fine views of the city and river. St. Louis extends in all nearly 7 miles by the curve of the Mississippi, and about 3 miles back ; the thickly settled portion, however, is only 2 or 21 miles in length, and about l'J miles in breadth. The city is well laid out, the streets being for the most part 60 feet wide, and with but few exceptions, they cross each other at right angles. Among the public buildings may be noticed the court house, which occupies an entire square, built of Genevieve limestone, at a cost of about half a million of dollars. The style of architecture somewhat resem- bles that of the Capitol at Washington. The Centre y. The Old City Hall. Among the finest of the churches may be mentioned St. George's (Episcopal,) the Catholic Cathedral, and the Church of tho Messiah, a magnificent Gothic structure. Popula- il nearly 130.000. BELL^FONTAINB, (St. Louis 4 miles— St, Jo- 300 miles.) a small village in St. Louis County, Missouri. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 191 JENNINGS, (St. Louis 6 miles—St. Joseph 298 miles,) post office. FERGUSON, (St. Louis 10 miles— St. Joseph 295 miles,) flag station. GRAHAM'S, (St. Louis 12 miles— St. Joseph 292 miles,) post office. PERRY LANDING, (St. Louis 19 miles— St. Joseph 285 miles,) at the crossing of the Missouri River. ST. CHARLES, (St, Louis 20 miles— St. Joseph 284 miles,) a thriving post town, capital of St. Charles County, Missouri, on the left hank of the Missouri River, 22 miles from its mouth, 144 miles below Jeffer- son City, and about six miles by land, south from the Mississippi River. The situation is elevated and beauti- ful. The rocky bluffs in this vicinity present delightful views of the two great rivers just named. Quantities of limestone and sandstone, and mines of 'stone coal have been opened near the town. It contains several churches, 2 newspaper offices, and is the seat of St. Charles College, under the direction of the Methodists. Population estimated at about 5,000. DARDENNE, (St. Louis 29 miles— St. Joseph 215 miles,) a small post village situated on a creek of the same name in St. Charles County, Missouri. O'FALLON, (St. Louis 34 miles— St. Joseph 210 miles,) flag station. PERRUOUE, (St. Louis 31 miles— St. Joseph 261 miles,) post office. WENTZVILLE, (St. Louis 42 miles— St. Joseph 262 miles,) post office. MILLEVILLE, (St. Louis 48 miles— St. Joseph 256 miles,) post village. WARRENTON, (St. Louis 51 miles— St. Joseph 241 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of "Warren County, Missouri, 15 miles eastnortheast from Jefferson 192 hunt's gazetteer of the City, and 14 miles north from the Missouri Eiver. It contains a steam flouring mill, and saw mill, a manufac- tory of tobacco and several stores. PENDLETON, (St. Louis 63 miles — St. Joseph 241 miles,) post village. JONE8BT7RG, (St. Louis 6*7 miles— St. Joseph 237 miles;) otherwise called Jonesboro', a post village of Saline County, Missouri, on Salt Fork of Lamine River, about 80 miles northwest from Jefferson City. HIGH HILL, (St. Louis 72 miles— St. Joseph 232 miles,) a post village of Montgomery County, Missouri. FLORENCE, (St. Louis 7G miles— St. Joseph 228 miles,) a post village of Morgan County, Missouri, 54 miles west from Jefferson City. WELLSBURG, (St. Louis 89 miles— St. Joseph 215 miles,) post office. MARTINSBURG, (St. Louis 94 miles — St. Joseph 210 miles,) a post village of Ripley County, Mis- souri, 190 miles southeast by south from Jefferson City. JEPPSTOWN, (St. Louis 101 miles— St. Joseph 203 miles,) post village, small, but flourishing. MEXICO, (St. Louis 108 miles— St. Joseph 19G miles,) a small post village, capital of Audrain County, Missouri, on a Eork of Salt River, 50 miles northnorth- east from Jefferson City, containing a few stores and dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. CENTRALIA, (St. Louis 111 miles— St. Joseph 183 miles,) water station. STURGEON, (St. Louis 129 miles— St. Joseph 175 miles,) liag station. MACON CITY, (St. Louis 108 miles— St. Joseph 136 miles,) a small post village of Macon County. Mis- souri, which is in the north part of the State, lia\ rag an area of 830 square miles. It is intersected by the Chariton River, and by its east fork. The east part is BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 193 drained by the south fork of Salt River and the west part of Wolf Creek. BROGKFIEXiD, (St. Louis 202 miles— St. Joseph 102 miles,) a small but nourishing post village. LA CLEDE, (St. Louis 207 miles—St. Joseph 97 miles.) a smaU post village named in honor of La Clede, the founder of St. Louis. CH1LICOTHE, (St. Louis 228 miles— St. Joseph 76 miles,) a post village, capital of Livingston County, Missouri, 3 or 4 miles northeast from Grand River, and 159 miles northwest from Jefferson City. It has a court-house, 2 churches, and several stores. Population estimated at about 500. ST. JOSEPH, (St. Louis 304 miles,) a flourishing- town, capital of Buchanan County, Missouri, is situated on the left bank of the Missouri River, 340 miles above Jefferson City, and 496 miles by water from St. Louis. It is the most commercial and populous town of Western Missouri, and one of the . points of departure in the emigration to Oregon, California, &c. The town was laid out in 1843 and became the county seat in 1845. The population estimated at 10,000. HANNIBAL AND ST. JOSEPH EAILK0AD. See Index for G. P. Hunt. HANNIBAL, (St. Joseph 206 miles,) a flourishing town of Marion County, Missouri, on the Mississippi River, 153 miles above St. Louis, and 15 miles below Qufncy, Illinois. It is very advantageously situated for 194 hunt's gazetteer of the commerce, and is rapidly increasing in population and business. Large quantities of hemp, tobacco, pork. &c which are raised in the vicinity, are shipped at this place. The adjacent country is very productive, and rather populous. Coal and carboniferous limestone, an excellent material for building, are abundant here. Population estimated at nearly 7,000. PALMYRA, (Hannibal 14 miles— St. Joseph 192 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of Marion Co., Missouri, 100 miles northeast from Jefferson City. The situation is high and healthy ; the water is excellent. Marion City, the landing-place of~Talinyra, on the Mis- sissippi, is 6 miles distant. The village contains several large brick churches, 3 or 4 very respectable schools, a United States land-office, 2 banks, and several newspaper offices. The population is about 3,000. MONROE, (Hanibal 30 miles— St. Joseph 176 miles,) a small village in Monroe County, Missouri, which is in the northeast part of the State, having an area c f about 620 square miles. The surface is undulating, and consists partly of prairies ; the soil is very productive. Stone-coal abounds in several places; the rocks which underlie the country are limestone and freestone. Many of the streams furnish motive power for mills. Organized in 1830, capital, Paris. Population 12,500, of which 9,000 are free, and 3,500 slaves. MASON CITY, (Hannibal 70 miles— St. Joseph 136 miles.) Intersection of St. Louis and St. Joseph Railroad. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 195 ST. LOUIS AND IRON MOUNTAIN RAILWAY. See Index for E. Mendanhall. ST. LOUIS, (Pilot Knob 87 miles.) LAMI STRBBT, (St. Louis 2 miles— Pilot Knob 85 miles.) CARONDBLET, (St. Louis 6 miles— Pilot Knob 79 miles,) a post village of St. Louis County, Missouri, on the western bank of the Mississippi River, and south of St. Louis. DOCKS, (St. Louis 7 miles— Pilot Knob 80 miles.) JEFFBRSOJtf BARRACKS, (St. Louis 10 miles — Pilot Knob 77 miles,) a post village, and United States military station, in St. Louis County, Missouri, on the western bank of the Mississippi River, south by west of St. Louis. GRIMSLBT'S, (St. Louis 14 miles— Pilot Knob 73 miles.) JEFFERSQItf, (St. Louis 18 miles— Pilot Knob 69 miles,) a county in the eastern part of Missouri, bordering on the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois; has an area of 654 square miles. Big River flows through the county, and falls into the Mara- mec, which forms part of the northern boundary. The county is also drained by Plattiu; Joachim, and Sandy Creeks. The northern and eastern parts are generally level and fertile; the western portion is hilly and sterile. The hills contain rich mines of lead; copper and cobalt are .found in small quantities. Capital, Hillsborough. Population, 6,928, of whom 6,416 were free, and 512 196 hunt's gazetteer of the K1MMSWICK, (St, Louis 21 miles— Pilot Knob 66 miles.) SULPHUR SPRINGS, (St. Louis 23 miles- Pilot Knob 64 miles,) a post village of Jefferson County, on the Pacific Railroad, west of St. Louis. ILLINOIS, (St. Louis 26 miles— Pilot Knob 61 miles.) PE1VLY, (St. Louis 28 miles— Pilot Knob 59 miles.) HORINE8, (St, Louis 30 miles— Pilot Knob 57 miles.) HEMBTITS (St. Louis 36 miles— Pilot Kuob 51 miles.) VICTORIA, (St. Louis 39 miles— Pilot Knob 48 miles.) DE SOTO, (St. Louis 43 miles— Pilot Knob 44 miles.) TUNNEL, (St. Louis 47 miles— Pilot Knob 40 miles.) BLACKWELL'S, (St. Louis 50 miles — Pilot Knob 37 miles.) CADET, (St. Louis 57 miles — Pilot Kuob 30 miles.) MINERAL POINT, (St, Louis 61 mile:— Pilot Knob 26 miles.) POT03I, (Branch St, Louis 65 miles— Pilot Knob 29 miles.) a post village, capital of Washington County, Missouri, S. S. "W. of St. Lou':S. It contains, besides the county buildings, several churches, and an academy. Rich mines oflead (in the form of sulphuret'! and of iron are worked in the vicinity. The lead ore j-ields 70 or 80 per cent, of metal. HOPEWELL. (St. L ins 65 miles— Pilot Knob 22 miles,) a post oiliee of Mississippi Co.. Missouri. IRONDALE, (St. Louis 70 miles— Pilot Knob 17 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 197 BLAIRVILLB, (St. Louis 75 miles-— Pilot Knob 12 miles.) IRON MOUNTAIN, (St. Louis 81 miles— Pilot Knob 6 miles,) a post office, St. Francis Co., Missouri. MIDDLE BROOKS, (St. Louis 83 miles— Pilot Knob 4 miles.) PILOT KNOB, (St. Louis 81 miles,) a mountain 444 feet high, and, it is said, formed of steel, is well worth a visit from the curious and scientific tourist. PACIFIC RAILROAD. See Index for G. H. Green. ST. LOUIS, (Dresden 196 miles,) LA CLEDE, (Dresden 188 miles— St. Louis 8 miles,) a small village named in honor of La Clede, the founder of St. Louis. ST. PAUL, (St Louis 24 miles— Dresden 172 miles,) a post office of Green Co., Missouri. FRANKLIN, (St. Louis 37 miles— Dresden 159 miles,) junction of the southwest branch running to Polla. WASHINGTON, (St. Louis 55 miles— Dresden 141 miles,) a thriving post village of Franklin County, Missouri, is situated on the Mississippi Liver, 60 miles by the road west from St. Louis. It is the principal depot for the produce which is exported irom the country. HERMANN, (St. Louis 81 miles— Dresden 115 miles,) a post village, capital of Gasconade County, 198 hunt's gazetteer of the Missouri, on the right bank of the Missouri River, 49 miles east from Jefferson City, was settled by Germans in 1837. Population 1,300. GASCONADE, (St. Louis 88 miles— Dresden 108 miles,) a small village at the mouth of tlie Gasconade River. OSAGE, (St. Louis 117 miles— Dresden 79 miles,) a small post village at the crossing of the Osage River, \ mile above its mouth. JEFFERSON CITY, (St. Louis 125 miles- Dresden 71 miles,) capital of the State of Missouri, and seat of justice of Cole County, on the right bank of (he Missouri River, 155 miles by water from St. Louis, and 980 miles from "Washington. The situation is elevated picturesque, .commanding a fine view of the river, and of the cedar-crowned cliffs on the opposite shore. It contains the State-house, the Governor's residence and the State penitentiary. Five or sis newspapers are published here. Population 7.000. OTTERVILLE, (St. Louis 176 miles— Dresden 20 miles,) a small but flourishing post village of Cooper Countv, Missouri, 50 miles northnorthwestfrom Jefferson City. '. DRESDEN, (St. Louis 196 miles,) a small posl village, the terminus of tho Pacific Railroad. The road is in progress of building between Dresden and Kansas City, which is to be the final terminus of the Pacific Railroad. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 199 SOUTHWEST BEANCH OF PACIFIC RAILWAY. See Inde:£ for Northern Railroads. ST. LOUIS, (Rolla 113 miles.) FRANKLIN, (St. Louis 3T miles— Rolla 16 miles,) a county in the east part of Missouri, has an area of 874 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Missouri River, intersected by the Maramee, and Riviere au Bceuf, and also drained by Bourbeuse, Berges, St. John's and Indian Creeks. The surface is undulating and hilly; the soil is mostly fertile, especially on the bluffs of the Missouri, and along the other streams. Large quantities of iron, lead, and copper are found on the banks of the Maramee River and Bourbeuse Creek. Two iron furnaces are kept in constant operation. Mines of copper and lead have been opened in numerous places, and yield great profits. It is plentifully sup- plied with water power. TlfS route of the Pacific Rail- way has been surveyed through the county. Capital, Union. Population 11,021, of whom 9 ; 5G2 were free, and 1,459 slaves. The Maramee River which intersects thisplace,has been navigated by small steamboats in this county, and with little improvement it would be navigable to the Virginia mines of Franklin County, a distance of perhaps 100 miles. The Maramee rises in Dent County, in the south- east central part of the State. Its general direction is northeast, and its whole length is estimated at 300 miles. A small stream called the Osage Pork, enters the river from the right, in the northeast part of Craw- ford County. The Dry Pork rises near the northeast 200 hunt's gazetteer of the extremity of Texas County, and flowing northward, falls into the main stream near Massey's iron works, in Crawford County. CARAWISSA, (St. Louis 41 miles— Bolla 12 miles.) CALVBY, (St. Louis 43 miles— Holla- 10 miles.) MOSELLE, (St. Louis 49 miles— Kolla 64 miles.) ST. CLARE, (St. Louis 55 miles— Kolla 58 miles,) a county in the westsouthwest part of Missouri, has an area of about 650 square miles. It is intersected by the Osage River, and also drained by Sac River, and by Warblow, Peshaw, and the Monaghan Creeks. The surface is somewhat diversified, and consists partly of prairies and partly of timbered land. Capital, Osceola. Population 3,546, of whom 3,108 were free, and 448 slaves. STAUNTON, (St. Louis 65 miles— Rolla 48 miles.) SULLIVAN, (St. Louis 71 miles— Rolla 42 miles.) BOURBON, (St. Louis 11 miles— Rolla 36 miles,) a post office of Crawford Co., Missouri. HARRISON, (St. Louis 82 miles— Rolla 31 miles. ) CUBA, (St. Louis 90 miles— Rolla 23 miles.) KNOBVIEW, (St. Louis 97 miles — Rolla 16 miles.) ST. JAMES, (St. Louis 103 miles— Rolla 10 miles.) DILLON, (St. Louis 103 miles— Rolla 5 miles.) ROLLA, (St. Louis 113 miles,) the terminns of the southwestern branch of the Pacific Road. It is the county seat of Phelps Count}'. The Massey's iron works are planted here. It is a flourishing place. BORDER AND SOUTHER!? STATES, 201 RED RIVER. This river is 2,100 miles in length, including its south fork, the length of the main stream is about 1,200 miles. During eight months of the year the steamboats regu- gularly navigate it to Shreveport, a distance of 500 miles, and the navigation is good -in all stages of water to Alexandria. The portion of the river above the raft is also navigable by small boats for 300 miles, except in low water. The great raft which is the most serious drawback to the prosperity of the upper part of the Red River Valley, consists of an immense mass of drift wood and trees which have been brought down several hun- dred miles by the current, and lodging here, obstructing the channel for a distance of 70 miles, and inundating the adjacent country. In 1834-3.5 it was removed by the Government, at an expense of $300,000, but another has since been formed. The lower part of the raft is now about 30 miles above Shreveport. Duriug high water small boats pass round the raft by means of the lateral channels or lakes which are then formed. WASHITA RIVER. The "Washita, formerly Ouachita River, formed by three branches, the North, Middle, and South Forks, which unite in Montgomery Co., in the western part of Arkansas. It flows in a general southeastern course, until it crosses the northern boundary of Louisiana. Below this its direction is nearly southward, and it emp- ties into Red River by three channels about 30 miles from its mouth. Its length is 500 miles. The portion of this river below the mouth of Tensas River is some- times called Black River. It is regularly navigated by large steamboats to Camden, a handsome post village, capital of "Washita Co., Arkansas, 300 miles from the mouth of the river. Camden is situated on a declivity 202 hunt's gazetteer of the of a high range of hills, and is built very tastefully. A few years ago the site was occupied by a dense forest, and many of the trees are still standing in the streets, This place is one of the most flourishing places in the State, being at the head of navigation. Population 1600. Monroe, a post village and capital of Wachita Parish, Louisiana, is on the east side of this river, 250 miles by Water from Baton- Rouge, Louisiana. The Vicksburg and Shreveport Railroad is completed to this place. ARKANSAS RIVER. The Arkansas River rises in the Rocky Mountains near the boundary between Utah and the Indian Terri- tory. It pursues an easterly course for several hundred miles ; near the 98th degree of western longitude it turns and flows southeast to Port Smith, a thriving post village of Sebastian Co., Arkansas, on the right bank of the river. It has an extensive trade with tho Indians, and is a military post of the United States. Population 1,700. Yan Buren is on this river, and is the capital of ' Crawford Co., Arkansas. The village is finely situated on the north bank, and is one of the most commercial places in the whole State. It contains 4 churches, 2 newspapers tiro published here. Stoue-coal is found in the vicinity. Population about 1,700. Stone-coal is found in many places between here and Little Rock, the capital of the State, which is about 300 miles from its mouth. It is situated on a rocky promontory or bluff, about 50 feet high, commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country. ^toamboats run regularly from here to tho Mississippi River. Pine Bluff is on this river, about 50 miles southeast of Little Rock, and is capital of Jefferson Co., Arkansas. About 20,000 bales of cotton are shipped here annually. Population 650. Arkansas Post, is on the northern bank of this river, 50 miles from its mouth. It has a landing for BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 203 steamboats. It was settled by the French in 1685, and was for many years the depository of all the peltries of this region. This river empties into the Mississippi at Napoleon, the capital of Desha Co., Arkansas. It is a place of active business. Steamboats run regularly to Little Rock from here. WHITE RIVER. White River of Arkansas and Missouri, is formed by three small bronches which rise among the Ozark Mountains, and unite a few miles east of Fayetteville, a flourishing post village, county seat of Washington Co., Arkansas. Population 1,500. From here it flows north-- easterly into Missouri, and after making a circuit of 100 miles, returns into Arkansas, and pursues a south- easterly course, (Athens, a village of Izard Co., Ark., is on the right bank of this river, at the mouth of Pine Bayou, 6 miles northeast of Mount Oliva,) to the mouth of Black River, which is its largest affluent. From this point its direction is nearly southward, until it enters the Mississippi, 15 miles above the mouth of the Arkan- sas. At this place is Montgomery Point, a flourishing village of Desha Co., Arkansas. The whole length of this river is 800 miles; it is navigable to the mouth of Black River, 350 miles, in all stages of water, and during a large portion of the year boats ascend to Batesville, 50 miles higher up. Batesville is a thriving town, capital of Independence Co., Arkansas, 115 miles northwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and is the most im- portant town in the northeastern part of the State, Population 2,000. 204 hunF s gazetteer of the Mew Orleans to Pitts- burg. Via Ohio and Mississippi Elvers. New Orleans miles. Carrolton 10 Red Church 13 28 Jefferson College 33 66 Donaldsonville 19 85 Plaquernine 33 118 Baton Rouge 20 138 Port Hudson 21 159 Waterloo 6 16o St. Frahcisville 7 172 Cut-off Bend 33 202 Red River 2.7 229 Fort Adams, Miss 10 239 Ellis 1 Cliffs 45 275 Natchez 13 293 Rodney 45 338 Grand Gulf 21 859 Vieksburg . 52 411 Providence 76 437 Talulah, Miss 20 507 Princeton 24 531 Greenville 36 567 Columbia, Ark IS 535 Napoleon 62 617 Montgomery Point.... 20 667 Victoria, Miss 1 663 Helena, Ark 72 740 Sterling 12 752 Peyton, Miss 24 776 Commerce 82 808 Memphis, Tenn 28 886 Greenock, Ark 84 SJ.O Fulton, Tenn 43 91J Osceola, Ark 11 '•' -' ' Little Prairie, Mo 47 970 New Madrid, Mo 80 1000 Hickman, Ky ,-• 40 1040 Columbus, Ky 15 1055 Cairo, modi of the Ohio. 18 1072 Trinity 5 1078 Caledonia 9 1081 Paducah 31 1118 Smithlield 16 1134 Golconda, 111., 18 1152 Cave in Rock 21 1171 Suawneetown 22 1193 Wabash River 10 1203 Carthage 7 1210 MILBS, Mount Vernon 14 1224 Hendersonvilie 26 1250 Evansvilie 10 1260 Green River 9 1269 Owensboro' 27 1296 Rockport 9 1305 Troy 15 1320 Hawesville 4 1324 Cloverport 9 1333 Rome. Ind 25 1358 Leavenworth 36 1394 Bradenburg 13 1412 West Point 17 1429 New- Albany 2 1431 Louisville 4 1435 JeffersonvilJe. 11436 Charleston 16 1452 Bethlehem 14 1466 Madison 32 1493 Vevay 22 1520 Warsaw.. 10 1530 EisingSun 24 1554 Lawrenceburg 11 1565 Cincinnati,or Covfgt'n.. 23 15S3 New Richmond 19 1607 Augusta 19 1626 Maysville.or Aberdeen. 17 1643 Manchester 12 1 655 Vanceburg IS 1673 Portsmouth 20 1693 Greenupsbtirg 22 1715 Cattiesburg... 20 1736 Burlington 4 1789 Guyandotte, Va., 7 1746 Gallipolis 37 1788 Point Pleasant 4 17S7 Let art's Rapids 55 1312 Parkersburg 17 1859 Marietta..." 1 I Newport 15 13S7 rflle 25 1912 Elizabetbtown 87 1949 Wheeling 13 1962 Wellsburg 17 1979 Bteubenville 7 1986 Wellsville 12 1998 Georgetown 15 2013 Beaver 5 2018 Economy 12 2030 Mhhlletown 8 2033 Pittsburg 10 204S BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES 205 New Orleans to Falls of St, Anthony. Via Mississippi River. N. Orleans to Cairo, see miles. N. 0. to Pittsburg ... 1073 Commerce, Mo 28 1101 Cape Girardeau 12 1113 Bainbridge, 111 12 1126 Chester ..42 1168 St. Genevieve, Mo IT 11S5 Herculaneum 30 1215 Harrisonville, 111 2 1217 Jefferson Barracks 20 1237 St. Louis 9 1246 Mouth of the Missouri. 20 1266 Alton 2 1268 Mouth of Illinois River 17 1285 Malan 7 1292 Hamburg 34 1326 Clarkesville 13 1339 Louisiana 13 1352 Hannibal 20 1372 Marion City "... 10 1382 Quincy 10 1392 La Grange 10 1402 Tully 6 1408 Warsaw 16 1424 Montebello 7 1431 Nauvoo and Montrose . 10 1441 Fort Madison 6 1447 Burlington IS 1465 Oquawka 16 1481 New Boston 18 1499 Bloomington 23 1522 Bock Island 27 1549 Albany 31 1580 Lyons 9 1589 Charleston 14 1603 Savannah 2 1605 Bellevue 12 1617 Fever River 11 1628 Dubuque 16 1644 Sinapee. 7 1651 Cassville 21 1672 Wisconsin River 22 1694 Paririe Du Chien 4 1698 Sappa River 82 1780 Lake Pepin 80 I860 St. Charles 50 1910 St. Paul's 35 1945 "Port Snelling 6 1951 Falls St, Anthony,, ... . 10 1961 New Orleans to Kaslx=» ville. Yia Miss., Ohio, and Cumber- land Rivers, N.Orleans to Smithland, miles. see Jf. O.to Pittsburg. 1134 Eddyville 30 1164 Rockcastle 20 1184 Canton. 7 1191 Tobacco Port 15 1203 Dover 13 1219 Palmyra 29 1243 Clarkesville 12 1260 Nashville.. 63 1323 lew Orleans to §5ireve.» port; Via Mississippi and Bed Rivers, New Oreeatcs. Donaldsonville 85 Plaquemine 33 US Baton I . ouge 20 1 88 St. Fumcisvilie 34 172 Mouth of "fted River.. 59 2-29 Alexandria 90 319 N achitoches • • 80 399 Grand Ecore 7 406 Shreveport 125 533 lew Orleans to Gal- veston. Via Mississip>pi River and Gulf of Mexico. New Okleans. English Turn 12 Poverty Point 23 35 Fort St. Phillip, ) ?>J 72 Fort Jackson, ( " ' Mouth of Miss. River... 33 105 Galveston 300 405 206 hunt's gazetteer of the TUBNPXKES, (FROM COLUMBIA IN ARKANSAS TO ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. COLUMBIA, (Bartholomew 26 miles,) a post village, capital of Chicot Co., Arkansas, on the right hank of the Mississippi, 115 miles S. S. E. of Little Rock, was first settled in 1830.. Population 400. BARTHOLOMEW, (Abeel's Creek 32 miles,) a post office to Chicot Co., Ark. ABEEL'S CREEK, (Hudgins 21 miles.) HUD GINS, (Pine Bluff 15 miles.) PINE BLUFF, (Little Rock, 43 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Jefferson Co., Arkansas, on the right bank of Arkausas River. It is situated in a ricli cotton-planting region, and contains a newspaper office and several stores. About 20,000 bales of cotton are shipped here annually in steamboats. Population about 5,000. LITTLE ROCK, (Orlando Grove, 30 miles.) Little Rock, capital of Arkansas and seat of justice of Pulaski Co., on the right or southern bank of Arkan- sas River, about 300 miles from its mouth, 155 miles west by south of Memphis, and 1065 miles west by south 'hington. latitude 34° 40', longitude 83° 10'. It is situated on a rocky promontory or bluff, about 50 feet high, the first that occurs in ascending the river, com- manding a delightful and extensive view of the sur- rounding country. The State-House is a fine brick edifice, rough cast. This town contains a United States BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 207 arsenal, the State penitentiary, which has been onee or twice burnt down by the convicts, and 6 churches. There are 2 newspapers published here. It has also a Masonic Hall, an Odd Fellows Hall, and several semi- naries. The United States Court for the Eastern District is held here. Many of the residents are planters who own large estates. Little Rock communicates regularly by steamboat with different points on the Arkansas and Mississippi. Population about 5,000. This place was captured by the Federals on the 10th of Sept., 1863. ORLANDO GROVE, (Searcy 20 miles.) SEARCY, (Batesville 46 miles.) A small post village, capital of White Co., Arkansas, about 50 miles northeast of Little Rock. BATESVILLE, (Sulphur Springs 10 miles.) A thriving town, capital of Independence Co., Ark., on "White River, about 400 miles from its mouth, 90 miles 1ST. N. E. of Little Rock, and 115 miles from Mem- phis, Tenn. Small steamers can ascend the river to this point at nearly all seasons. A great influx of emigra- tion is directed to this section of the State, which offers strong inducements in soil and climate. Pine timber and water power are abundant in the county. Bates 1 ville is the most important town in the northeastern part of the State, and has an active trade. Population about 2,500. NEW YORK AND ALLEN TOWN. K.A.IIL.I8,O^XS>. PASSENGERS going west from NEW YORK, ALLEN TOWN, or via PHILADELPHIA, PITTS- BURGH via STEUBENVILLE, COLUMBUS, CIN- CINNATI, ST. LOUIS, via ODEN or SEYMOUR, LOUISVILLE. PASSENGERS going to CHICAGO will buy their tickets NEW YORK, ALLEN TOWN, or via PHILADELPHIA, PITTSBURGH via STUEBEN- VILLE, COLUMBUS, HAMILTON, KAKOMO, CHICAGO; going to INDIANAPOLIS, same ticket via CINCINNATI. See Map for direct route and shortest west and south 208 BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 209 THE PENNSYLVANIA CENTEAL EAILEAOD. This road having its eastern terminus at Philadelphia, is justly to be considered one of, and perhaps the best road in the United States. From Philadelphia to Pitts- burgh the road runs a distance of 356 miles, of which 291 miles are double track. The entire road is con- structed in the most admirable manner, and the firm- ness of its bed, the solidity and evenness of its track, do not fail to call forth the encomiums of travelers; so forcibly does the smooth and comparatively quiet run- ning of its cars, contrast with the wearying tormenting motion of cars on so many of our American roads. The care and skill with which its trains are run, is evidenced by the fact, that out of 3,000,000 passengers carried during the last three years, none have lost their lives from accidents, the result of negligence of the company or its agents. The first survey for a railroad was made in 1838. In 1841 the Board of Canal Commissioners appointed an engineer to make a full survey for a railway from Harris- burg to Pittsburgh. In 1845 the first meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia was held, in relation to building the road. In 1846 a law was obtained to incorporate the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. A town meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia was called as soon as the Act was passed, and a committee appointed to prepare an address to the citizens, urging the measure. The address met with a warm response; private and cor- porate subscriptions were soon obtained, and there was no longer any doubt of the success of the road left. The process of constructing the road was commenced under S. V. Merrick, President, Geo. V. Bacon, Treas- urer, and J. Edgar Thompson, Chief Engineer, and 210 hunt's gazetteer of the pushed forward with great vigor and genius, to the present day ; giving to the public a road unsurpassed in this country, and which, when its double track is com- pleted its entire distance, will be without doubt the finest railway in the world. The cost of the road, including the main line of public works, is about $30,000,000; but enormous as the sum may seem, it is estimated that when its double track is completed, that the tonnage of the road can be increased, if necessary, to one million tons per annum, independent of the passenger business, and the income at low rates to $5,000,000. Upon the gigantic proportions vrhieh the business of this road must in the future assume, we have no' space to theorize, and proceed to make such mention of its various stations as are necessary. PHILADELPHIA.— New York trains leave at 6.00 and 11.00, A. M., and 2.00, 4.00, 6.30, 12.00, P. M. "West Chester Accommodation leaves at 8.45, A. M. 12.00 and 4.00, P. M. Parkesburgh train West 5.45, . P. M. Lancaster train West 4.00, P. M. For Accom- modation Trains of Penn. Central Railroad, see pages 4 and 5. For Regular Trains of Penn. Central Rail- road, see pages 2 and 3. The city of Philadelphia, the Eastern terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad, is second in importance to no city in the United States. The entire length of the city, as now consolidated, is twenty-throe miles, and the aver- age breadth five miles. The densely inhabited portion of this area is about four miles on the Delaware and two and a half miles on the Schuylkill, having a breadth between the two rivers of 12,0 9S feet. The population is estimated at over 600,000, and the number of dwell- ings, shops and manufactories are estimated at 100,000. There aro 7,400 stores, 299 churches, 304 public school- houses, 18 banks, 11 market-houses, 8 medical schools, 1 gas works, 5 water works, 15 public halls, 350 miles of cobblo pavements, 500 miles of foot pavement, 5,631 gas and fluid lamps, 9 public squares, 14 cemeteries, 9 railroad depots and 90 fire engine houses. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 211 Any mention, however brief, of all the branches of the vast and multiform business transacted in so large a city, is, of course, not to be attempted in a publication ' of such limited space as this. A brief digest of the facts in relation to the more leading pursuits of her business population is all that can be attempted. Reaching by railroad and canal vast and inexhaustible fields of anthracite coal, within easy distance, Philadel- .phia is the chief seat of the anthracite coal trade, and her receipts of that mineral are about 3,500,000 tons annually. The wharves of the Reading railroad, one of the principal places of the shipment of coal, are in themselves a curiosity worthy of the notice of strangers. For locomotives Philadelphia is justly renowned, and those manufactured there are to be seen on every rail- road in the United States. One of the largest estab- lishments for the manufacture of locomotives, when fully occupied, employs 1,400 hands, and has turned out three complete locomotives in a week. In the mak- ing of iron Philadelphia is a prominent point, and there is a large amount of capital employed in the various establishments within the limits of the city. Among other establishments working in iron there are 10 rol- ling mills, employing 700 hands, producing 17,070 tons of rolled iron annually. There are 5 foundries devoted to the manufacture of stoves, producing about 25,000 tons yearly ; 3 foundries occupied with casting hollow ware ; 6 foundries occupied in casting iron fronts for buildings. There are also a large number of extensive establishments engaged in the manufacture of the various descriptions of machinery, also several manu- facturing gas and water works' apparatus. Hardware, such as saws, shovels, forks, locks, bolts, edged tools and cutlery are also largely produced. It is estimated that the entire iron manufacture of Philadelphia, embracing the rolling mills, foundries, locomotive works, machine shops, railroad car factories, and all the smaller branches, give employment to over 10,000 hands" and annually produce articles to the value As a manufacturing point for textile 212 hunt's gazetteer of the fabrics, Philadelphia is very conspicuous, there being in the city and immediate vicinity, 9,569 power looms, and . 282,2-97 spindles running on cotton, wool and silk, em- ploying 13,557 hands, and producing goods to the value of.$17,140,050. The entire value of the branches of productive or manufacturing industry are summed up in " Philadelphia and her manufactures" at $132,348,488. As a dry goods market, some idea of its extent may be formed by the figures given in the report of the Philadelphia Board of Trade for 1860, which estimates that a total of $73,500,000 of dry goods are annually distributed from that city to other markets, and the number of jobbing houses are set down at 259. HESTONVILLE, (Philadelphia 4 miles— Pitts- burgh 352 miles,) flag station. Only accommodation trains stop. A small village formed by the residences of persons doing business in Philadelphia. It contains about 300 inhabitants. CXT3T AVENUE, Philadelphia 6 miles— Pitts- burgh 350 miles,) flag station for accommodation trains only. MERIOXT, (Philadelphia 7 miles— Pittsburgh 349 miles,) flag station for accommodation trains only. LXBERTYVILLH, (Philadelphia 8 miles— Pitts- burgh 348 miles,) flag station for accommodation trains only. ATHENSVILLE, (Philadelphia 9 miles— Pitts- burgh 347 miles.) flag station. Only accommodation trains stop. A small village in Montgomery Co. Popu- lation 200. HAVERPOHD, (Philadelphia 10 miles— Pitts- burgh 346 miles,) flag station for mail and accommoda- tion trains only. WHITE HALL, (Philadelphia 11 miles— Pitts- burgh 315 miles,) flag station. Only accommodation trains stop. WEST HAVERFORD, (Philadelphia HI miles BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 213 ■ — Pittsburgh 344-i- miles,) flag station. Mail and accom- modation trains only stop. VILLA NOVA, (Philadelphia 12 miles— Pitts- burgh 344 miles.) Accommodation trains only stop. A Roman Catholic college is situated here. MORGAN'S CORNER, (Philadelphia 14 miles — Pittsburgh 342 miles.) Mail and accommodation trains stop regularly. EAGLE, (Philadelphia 17 miles— Pittsburgh 339 miles.) This station is in Delaware Co. One and a half miles south of this station is an ancient Welsh church, erected in 1717. In the burial ground attached are interred the remains of G-en. Anthony "Wayne. ALMIRA, (Philadelphia 18 miles— Pittsburgh 333 miles.) RES SEVILLE, (Philadelphia 19 miles— Pitts- burgh 337 miles.) PAOL1, (Philadelphia 21 miles— Pittsburgh 335 miles.) Mail and accommodation trains only stop. About two miles south of this station, is the locality of the action between the British and American troops, on the night of Sept. 20th, 1777, commonly known as the Paoli massacre. The Americans, numbering 1,500, under the command of Gen. Wayne, were surprised by a large force of British, under Gen. Gray. After a short Struggle, the Americans, overwhelmed by superior num- bers, retreated. One hundred and fifty Americans were killed and wounded ; many were massacred, after all resistance had ceased. The neighborhood of this station is replete with memorials of the Revolution. A few miles to the right is Yalley Forge, which, although not strictly on the line of the railroad, is near enough to class as one of the historical interests of the route. GREEN TREE, (Philadelphia 22 miles— Pitts- burgh 334 miles.) Gen. Anthony Wayne, in his lifetime, resided in this vicinity. Born in Easton Township, Montgomery Co., 214 hunt's gazetteer of the Jan. 1, 1745, he entered the army in 1775 as colonel of a corps of volunteers. At the peace of 1783, he re- turned, to private life. In 1789 he was a member of the Pennsylvania Convention. In 1792 he succeeded G-ens. Harmer and St. Clair in the command of the northwestern frontier. His life of peril and of glory ended in 1796 at Presque Isle, by his death in a cabin of that outpost. His remains were interred, by his own request, at the foot of the flag staff of the fort, from whence they were removed in 1809, by his son, Col. Isaac "Wayne, and re-interred in Eadnor church yard, as previously mentioned. WEST CHESTER, Intersection, (Philadelphia 23 miles — Pittsburg 333 miles.) Junction of a branch to West Chester, 9 miles distant; the county seat of Chester Co. GARRETT'S SIDING, (Philadelphia 25 miles- Pittsburgh 331 miles.) STEAMBOAT, (Philadelphia 26 miles— Pittsburgh 330 miles.) WALKERTOWN, (Philadelphia 29 miles — Pittsburgh 327 miles.) OAKLAND. (Philadelphia 30 miles— Pittsburgh 326 miles.) This station is on the south side of Chester Valley. Between this and the next station, tho road crosses one of tho highest and largest bridges on the route. It is composed of 4 spans of 130 feet each. It was erected in 1838, and has since been rebuilt in a very substantial manner. DOWNINGTOWN, (Philadelphia 34 miles- Pittsburgh 322 miles.) At Downingtown a newly constructed Branch — the "East Brandywine and Waynesburg Road," extends along the margin of Brandywine Creek, through a fer- tile and beautiful valley, a distance of 18 miles. GALLAGHERVILLE, (Philadelphia 35 miles- Pittsburgh 321 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 215 CALN, (Philadelphia 38 miles— Pittsburgh 318 miles.) CQATESVILLE, (Philadelphia 39 miles— Pitts- burgh 317 miles.) MIDWAT, (Philadelphia 40 miles— Pittsburg 316 miles.) CHANDLERS, (Philadelphia 44 miles— Pittsburgh 312 miles.) PARXESBTJRG, (Philadelphia 45 miles— Pitts- burgh 311 miles.) All trains stop at this station. Parkesburg accommodation train leaves for Philadelphia at 6.20 A. M. ; arrives there 9.10 A. M. A village of about 500 inhabitants. The settlement was commenced about the year 1832. The repair shops for the Phila- delphia division of the road are located here. FENCING-TON, (Philadelphia 49 miles— Pitts- burgh 307 miles.) CHRISTIANA, (Philadelphia 50 miles— Pitts- burgh 306 miles.) GAP, (Philadelphia 52 miles— Pittsburgh 304 miles.) KINSERS, (Philadelphia 55 miles— Pittsburgh 301 miles.) LEAMAN PLACE, (Philadelphia 59 miles— Pittsburg 297 miles.) All through trains stop 4 minutes for wood and water. GORDONVILLE. (Philadelphia 60 miles— Pitts- burgh 296 miles.) BIRD-IN-HAND, (Philadelphia/ 63 miles— Pitts- burgh 293 miles.) LANCASTER, (Philadelphia 70 miles— Pittsburgh 286 miles.) All trains stop at this station. Lancaster accommodation which leaves Philadelphia at 4.10 P. M., arrives here at -7.44 P. M. Same train leaves Lancaster 9.10 A. M., arrives at Philadelphia 12.35. The fourth city of the State of Pennsylvania. Laid 216 hunt's gazetteer of the out iii 1700, by Andrew Hamilton, was in June, 1797) incorporated as a borough, and as a city, in 1818. From 1799 to 1812, the town was the seat of government of the State. Many incidents of interest are connected with the history of this locality. In 1777, while Phila- delphia was held by the British, Congress, for a short time, assembled here. In 1763, occurred in the town, the massacre of the Conestoga Indians, by the "Paxton Boys." On the night of Dec. 14, of that year, a number of armed men, on horseback, made a descent upon the Indian village ; most of the men were absent. Those remaining, and the women and children were butchered, and the village burnt. The authorities hastily collected the scattered remnants of the tribe, into a stone work- house, in the town of Lancaster ; but on Sunday, ? the 27th, while the inhabitants were at church, the Paxton Boys rode into town, forced the doors of the workhouse, and murdered the fourteen Indians therein contained. The pretext for the massacre was that the feeble rem- nant of the Conestogas were said to be harboring two or three hostile Indians. The affair created, in its day, great excitement. The Paxton Boys threatened to visit Philadelphia, and destroy some Moravian Indians, who had fled to that city for shelter. The people of the city were much alarmed, and several companies were formed to repel the attack. The Paxton Boys, learning, upon their approach to the Schuylkill, the reception prepared for them, retreated to their homes. The Pax- ton Boys were from the townships of Donegal and Paxton, largely settled by Scotch-Irish. The present city of Lancaster is substantially built. The streets aro laid off at right angles, and lighted with gas. It contains a population of about 17,000. There aro 18 churches in tho citj\ Its court-house, costing $100,000, is a fine building. The new penitentiary, seen on the left, going west, is a well arranged struc- ture, costing $110,000. Quito a number of industrial works are established here, and 10 macadamized roads radiate to different sections of tho country. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 217 DXLLERVILLE, (Philadelphia 71 miles— Pitts- burgh 285 miles.) LANDZSVILLE, (Philadelphia 78 miles— Pitts- burgh 278 miles.) MOUNT JOT, (Philadelphia 82 miles— Pittsburgh 274 miles.) All. trains stop at this station. Richland, a small village, properly a portion of Mount Joy. ELIZABETHTOWN, (Philadelphia 89 miles- Pittsburgh 267 miles.) All trains stop at this station. Before reaching this point, the road passes through a tunnel, 900 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 15 feet high. It cost $100,000. Prom the vicinity of Ehzabethtown, westward, the road traverses the Conewago Hills, and crosses the Conewago Creek, by a bridge 450 feet long* and 85 feet high. After crossing the Conewago. ihi road enters Dauphin County, which was separated from Lancaster County, in 1785. Dauphin County has a length of 33 miles, a breadth of 18 miles, and an area of 533 square miles. The mountain regions abound in anthracite coal. Lindley Murray, the celebrated author of "the English Grammar," and William Darby, the eminent geographer, are among the noted men who claim birth-right in the county. MIDDLETOWJtf, (Philadelphia 97 miles— Pitts- burgh 259 miles.) HXGHSPIRE, (Philadelphia 101 miles— Pittsburgh 255 miles.) Mail, on time, going west, stops; east. stops. Laid out about 40 years ago; population GOO. On the opposite side of the river commences the York Hills, and the South Mountain. HARRXSBTJRG-, (Philadelphia 107 miles— Pitts- burgh 249 miles.) Express, on time, going west, slops 8 minutes; east, 10 m. Mail, going west, runs no> farther; but east, stops' 10 m. Past, on time, going- west, stops 5 m. ; east, 5 m. Mount Joy accommoda- tion leaves Harrisburg 7.30 A. M., arrives at Lancaster, 9.10 A. M. Returning, leaves Lancaster, 11.33 A. M. 218 hunt's gazetteer of the As the capital of the State of Pennsylvania, the in- terest of the tourist is naturally awakened, and we subjoin some few words, embracing as much of such information as may be desired. The town was laid out in 1785, by John Harris, jr., and was incorporated as a borough in 1808. The borough is situated in Dauphin County, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, a short distance above Paxton Creek. The town contains seventeen churches, two rolling mills, several foundries, one extensive car factory, the "Novelty" and the " Eagle" Works, a cotton mill, and various other similar establishments. Two daily, and four weekly papers, are published in the town. There are the usual state and county public buildings. The Speaker's chair in the House of Representatives, is the cue used by John Hancock, as President of the Continental Congress. The Senate Chamber contains fine full length portraits of Washington and of Wm. Penu ; also of Columbus and Vespucius. There is also a painting of an attempt by the Indians to burn John Harris, the father of the founder of the town, who settled here in 1726 ; in which year was born John Harris, jr., said to be the first white child born west of the Conewago Hills. The Governor's Chamber contains the original charter, given by Charles II., to Penn, and portraits of all the Governors of the Commonwealth. The town is supplied with water by a water-works which cost $120,000, having a reservoir with a capacity of 1,532, 1 92 gallons. The Pennsylvania State Lunatic Asylum is located here. It has accommodations for 250 patients. The buildings are seen on a fine bluff on the right as the traveler leaves the town goiDg west. BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 219 OUMBEBLAND VALLEY EOAD. . First train leaves Harrisburg at 8.05, A. M. Ar- rives at Chambersburg. 11.00, A. M. 2d train leaves Harrisburg, 1:35, P. M. Arrives at Chambersburg 4.30, P. M., Hagerstown, 6.10, P. M. Returning, 1st train leaves Hagerstown, 1,00, A. M. Chambersburg, 8.11, A. M. Arrives at Harrisburg at 11.15, A. M. Returning, 2d train leaves Chambersburg, 12.55, P. M. Arrives at Harrisburg, 3.40, P. M. IQRTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY, Harrisburg- to Williamsport. — 1st train leaves Harrisburg at 1.15, Sunbury 4.10, Williamsport, 6.10, Lock Haven, 1.20, P. M. 2d train leaves Harrisburg, 3.05, A. M. Sunbury, 6.10, A. M. Williamsport, 8.10 A. M., Lock Haven, 9.20 A. M. MILES FROM MILES FROM HARRISBURG. BALTIMORE. Harrisburg S5 2. Bridgeport 83 16. Tank 68 28. York 57 36. Glasfelters 49 39. Hanover Junction 46 43. Glenrock 42 51. Freeland's 34 56. Parkton 29 62. Monkton 23 70. Cockeysville 15 74. Timonium 11 76. Eider's 9 78. Kelay 7 84. Bolton 1 85. BALTIMORE MILES FROM MILES FROM FIARRISBURG. CHAMBERSBURG. Harrisburg 52 1. Bridgeport 51 5. Shiremansto-wn 47 8. Mechanicsburg 44 11. Kingston 41 Middlesex 18. Carlisle 31 Good Hope. 25. Alterton 27 30. Newville 22 34. Oakville IS 41. ^hippcnsburg 31 47. Scotland..... 5 52. Chambersbueg 74. (Hagerstown.) 220 hunt's gazetteer of the ROCKV1LLE, (Philadelphia 112 miles — Pitts- burgh 243 miles. At this point the traveler enters upon a railroad bridge across the Susquehanna, 2,679 feet long. MARYSVILLE, (Philadelphia 115 miles— Pitts- burgh 240 miles.) COVE, (Philadelphia 117 miles— Pittsburgh, 239 miles.) DUNCANNON, (Philadelphia 121 miles— Pitts- burgh 234 miles.) AQUEDUCT, (Philadelphia 125 miles— Pittsburgh 231 miles.) BAILEY'S, (Philadelphia 130 miles— Pittsburgh 226 miles.) NEWPORT, (Philadelphia 134 miles— Pittsburgh 222 miles.) this town, the second in importance, in Perry County, is situated at the junction of Buffalo Creek with the Juniata Rive"r, and has a population of 500. It is a place of some note as a shipping point. It was laid out 1814, by a person named Reider, after whom it was formerly called Reidersville. MILLERSTOWN, (Philadelphia 140 miles — Pittsburgh 216 miles.) THOMPSONTOWN, (Philadelphia 145 miles- Pittsburgh 211 miles.) MEXICO, (Philadelphia 151 miles— Pittsburg 205 miles.) PBRRYSVILLE, (Philadelphia 154 miles— Pitts- burgh 202 miles.) this town stands at the junction of Tuscarora and Licking Creeks, with the Juniata. It is the principal depot for the shipments of the surrounding country. It has been supposed' that near the mouth of Licking Creek, there was a lead mine, from tbe feet that, in early days, but long after the settlement of this neighborhood by whites, friendly Indian?, who frequently came and encamped on Licking Creek, were wont, after exhausting their supply of bullets in shooting matches, BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 221 to proceed down the creek towards its mouth, and re- turn in a short time with plenty of lead, nearly pure. The mine has never been discovered by the whites, and has been long looked upon as a myth. MIFFLIN, (Philadelphia 156 miles -Pittsburgh 200 miles.) LEWISTOWN, (Philadelphia 168 miles— Pitts- burgh 188 miles.) Stages leave this point for Bellefonte. This town is the county seat of Mifflin County. The county was formed in 1798, and it abounds in iron ore of the best quality, from which is made the celebrated Juniata iron. There are several curious caves in the limestone districts. This county is another of the dis- tricts in this region in which it was long supposed that a lead mine was to be found. Prienclly Indians, who lived in the vicinity of what is now Lewistown, fre- quently exhibited lead, apparently pure, which they pro- fessed to find in the neighborhood. When they went to seek it, they usually went in the direction of Granville Gap; but they would never allow any whites to accom- pany them. As early as 1755, Arthur Buchanan built himself a cabin where Lewistown now stands. Fort Granville, captured in 1756, by the French and Indians, was also built in 1755, near a spring, one mile above the present town. About six miles from Lewistown, on the Bellefonte road, at a place now called Reedsville, was once the habitation of the famous Indian Chief, Logan. It was on the left bank of the Kishicoquilas Creek, and was called Logan's Spring. Lewistown was laid out in 1790, and is on the Juniata, just above Kishicoquilas Creek, which furnishes water power for a number of manufacturing establishments located in the town. ANDERSON, (Philadelphia 174 miles— Pittsburgh 182 miles.) McVSYTOWN, (Philadelphia 180 miles— Pitts- burgh 176 miles.) MANAYUNK, (Philadelphia 185 miles— Pitts- burgh 171 miles.) 222 hunt's gazetteer of the NEWTON - HAMILTON, (Philadelphia 190 miles — Pittsburgh 166 miles.) MOUNT-UNION, (Philadelphia 193 miles— Pitts- burgh 163 miles.) Stages run from this point to Shirleys- burg, in the Augwick Valley, and Milnwood Academy, in Shade Gap. This village is at the entrance of Jack's Mountain. After leaving Mount Union, the road runs through the midst of fine mountain scenery, which pre- sents many sublime features. The pass through which the road is built, is known as Jack's Narrows. They are so called after a famous frontiersman, known as " Captain Jack," whose habits invested him with a mys- terious character in the eyes of the early inhabitants of these regions, which he made his stamping ground, in 1750-1755. He was known as the "Black Hunter." the "Black Rifle," the "Wild Hunter of the Juniata," the "Black Hunter of the Forest," as well as the less romantic name of " Capt. Jack." His real name was never known. He had entered the woods with a few enterprising companions, built a cabin, and cleared some land, One day, returning from hunting, he found his cabin burnt, his wife and children murdered, by the Indians. Forsaking civilized life, he lived in caves, and seizing every opportunity for revenge, he became the terror of the red man, and the protecting angel of the frontier whites. Many stories are told of his sudden and mysterious appearance, to the discomfiture and death of the Indians, and the rescue of whites from death and danger. MAPLETON, (Philadelphia 196 miles— Pittsburgh 160 miles.) MILL CREEK, (Philadelphia 200 miles— Pitts- burgh 156 miles.) On the opposite side of the river from this station is seen Terrace Mountain. Five miles from this station, we reach Huntingdon; approaching which. The character of the scenery becomes yet more marked. HUNTINGDON, (Philadelphia 205 miles— Pitts- burgh 151 miles.) BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 223 THE HUNTINGDON AND BROAD TOP RAILROAD, branches off at this station. Stages to Bedford. This town, which rejoices in the soubriquet of " The Ancient Borough," was laid out a short time previous to the revolutionary war by the Eev. Dr. W. Smith, Pro- vost of the University of Pennsylvania. He named the town after the Countess of Huntingdon, who had been extremely liberal in subscribing to the aid of the Uni- versity, through Dr. Smith, when he was in England soliciting funds for the support of that institution. The town is the county seat of Huntingdon County, which is rich in mineral deposits. In addition to coal and iron lead is found in Sinking Spring Yalley, and a mine in that vicinity was worked to a considerable extent toward the close of the revolutionary w r ar. PETERSBURG, (Philadelphia 211 miles— Pitts- burgh 145 miles.) BARRE FORGE, (Philadelphia 215 miles— Pitts- burgh 141 miles.) At this point the road enters a gorge of Tuessey's Mountain. Two miles above Barre the Little Juniata makes a great bend, and the road, instead of following its course, goes through a spur of the moun- tain, by means of a tunnel, 1,246 feet long, 20 feet w r ide, and 1G feet high. SPRUCE CREEK, (Philadelphia 2 It miles- Pittsburgh 139 miles.) Stages leave this point for Xorthumberland County. Spruce Creek Valley, from whence this station derives its name, contains some very extensive furnaces, whose business finds an outlet at this point. UNION FUNRACE, (Philadelphia 219 miles- Pittsburgh 13t miles.) ' BIRMINGHAM, (Philadelphia 222 miles— Pitts- burgh 134 miles.) 224 hunt's gazetteer of the TYRONE, (Philadelphia 225 miles— Pittsburgh 131 miles.) Stages leave here for Bellefonte, Jersey Shore, and Williamsport. TIPTON, (Philadelphia 229 miles— Pittsburgh 127 miles,) an outlet for the Clearfield lumber district From this point many varieties of lumber find their way to the Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. FOSTORIA, (Philadelphia 230 miles— Pittsburgh 126 miles.) BELL'S MILLS, (Philadelphia 232 miles— Pitts- burg 124 miles.) BLAIR FURNACE, (Philadelphia 236 miles- Pittsburgh 120 miles.) In Brush Mountain, near this station, is a deposit of iron ore, said to be the heaviest in Western Pennsylvania, It has been efficiently worked for more than a generation, but seems to be in- exhaustible. ALTOONA, (Philadelphia 239 miles— Pittsburgh 117 miles.) Express, on time, going west, stops 20 m. for breakfast ; east, stops 20 m. for tea. Mail, on time, going west, stop's 20 m. for dinner; cast, stops 15 m. for dinner. Fast line, on time, going west, stops 15 m. At 'this point the HOLIDAYSBURG- BRANCH takes off. Holiclaysbuvg, distant 8 miles ; time. 30 fain. Trains leave Altoona 8.10 A. M., 3.15 and 7.00 P. M. Ilolidaysburg trains connect with mail cast, and with mail and express west. During stoppage ail wheels and axles arc examined and engines changed. This town owes its formation entirely to the operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Some few years ago its site was marked by one long hut, whose solitary inhab- itant was tho beginning of the population of 5,000 who now inhabit this thriving borough. The office of the general superintendent of the road is located here ; also the main shops of the company, which comprises machine and car shops, iron and brass foundries, blacksmith ing, painting, trimming, pattern making, and tin and sheet BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 225 iron shops. There are also establishments for setting up locomotives, and for making boilers and iron bridges ; in fact, a heavy proportion of the equipment work of the road is done here. The town contains 4 churches. The "Logan House," owned and erected by the Railroad Company, is a fine and commodiously constructed build- ing, of fine architectural proportions. The traveler who sees it for the first time, does not fail to feel surprised that so superb a house has been erected here. HOLIDAYSBURG BRANCH. BIXNCANSVILLE, (Altoona 6 miles,), is 1,200 feet above tide water level, and contains a population of 500. It is situated -at the foot of the inclined planes of the old Portage Railroad. HOLIDAYSBURG, (Altoona 3 miles.) Returning to the Mainroute we begin to climb the Alleghany mountains, as we leave Altoona. at the rate of 95 feet to the mile, As the road winds up the side of the mountain a beautiful view of the magnifi- cient scenery is obtained. KXTTANNING POINT, (Philadelphia 244 miles— Pittsburgh 112 miles,) flag station. Mail trains stop. This is a water station at the top of a heavy grade. At this point the grandest view on the. whole route is presented to the sight. A vast extent of land- scape is spread out before the eye, presenting all those charms of mountain scenery which enchant the lover of nature. On leaving Kittanning Point, the road soon enters the awesome darkness of the Great Tunnel. This is the grand engineering triumph of the road Its total length is 8,612 feet, its width 24 feet, its height above the rails 21£ feet. The depth below the summit of the mountain 203 feet. The tunnel was commenced October, 1851, and finished Jan. 1854, costing $540,000. During the course of its construction, three shafts were sunk to aid the tunneling. The eastern shaft was 150 226 hunt's gazetteer of the feet deep, the middle 196 feet, and the western IS 5 feet. The sharpest curvature on the road occurs at this point; the grade is 95 feet to the mile. This horse shoe bend is one of the greatest engineering triumphs of the age. GALLITZIN, (Philadelphia 251 miles— Pittsburgh 105 miles,) all trains stop at this station. This station is at the western end of the great tunnel, and is in Cambria County. The ■ line between Blair and Cambria counties, runs along the top of the ridge pierced by the great tunnel. Near the north line of the county, about one mile from the falls of the Beaver Dam and Slate Lick Creek, there is said to be an ancient fortification, whose banks are four or five feet high, and overgrown with immense trees. The station was named after the Rev. Demetrius Augustine Galitzin, by birth a Russian Prince, by choice a Catholic Priest, who inspired with great love for the poor, and a desire to devote his means to charitable purposes, settled at Loretto, near this station, 1189. He died in 1840, aged 12 years, having passed the most of his life- on the bleak summits of the Alleghany, in the discharge of the duties oi' his sacred office. CRESSON, (Philadelphia 254 miles— Pittsburgh 102 miles,) express, on time, going west, stops; east, 'stops. Mail, on time, going west, stops; east, stops. This station is named after Elliott Cresson, of Philadel- phia. There is a fine .hotel here, and the locality has become a popular resort during the summer months, for invalids and pleasure seekers. LILLY, (Philadelphia 251 miles— Pittsburgh 99 miles.) PORTAGE, (Philadelphia 2G1 miles— Pittsburgh 95 miles.) this station is on the head waters of the Cone- maugh River, which the railroad follows to the Blairs- villc intersection. WILMORE, (Philadelphia 264 miles— Pittsburgh 92 miles,) singes leave this point for Edcnsburgh. A BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 227 depot for the town of Jefferson, which contains 1,000 inhabitants. SUMMERHILL, (Philadelphia 266 miles— Pitts- burgh 90 miles.) VIADUCT, (Philadelphia 2*70 miles— Pittsburgh 86 miles,) at this station a fine viaduct, nearly 15 feet above the water, spans with a single arch of 80 feet, the Oonemaugh. Passing through a deep cut of over a hundred feet, the road crosses an iron bridge, having an elevation of seventy-three feet. MINERAL POINT, (Philadelphia 272 miles- Pittsburgh 84 miles.) CONEMAUGH, Philadelphia 275 miles— Pitts- burgh 81 miles,) although the grade of the road has been descending from the Great Tunnel, yet at this point its level is still 1,226- feet' above tide water level. JOHNSTOWN, (Philadelphia 21*? miles— Pitts* burgh 79 miles,) Johnstown accommodation leaves for Pittsburgh 6.32, A. M. Arrives at Pittsburgh, 10.40. Ee turning, leaves Pittsburgh 2.55, P. M. Arrives at Johnstown, 1.20, P. M. Johnstown accommodation ' stops at all regular and flag stations when signaled. Stages leave Johnstown for Somerset. This town occupies the site of an old Indian village, known as Keekenapawlings-town. In the palmy days of the Pennsylvania canal, this town was an important point in canal navigation. The extensive establishment of the Cambria Iron Works, are in the neighborhood, and are to be seen after passing across the fine iron bridge, over which the road passes, soon after leaving the Johns- town depot. The company employ 1,500 operators. CONEMAUGH FURNACE, (Philadelphia 285 miles — Pittsburgh 71 miles.) NINEVEH, Philadelphia 287 miles— Pittsburgh 69 miles.) a considerable depot for the lumber and other products of the Black Lick Creek section of country, back of Nineveh. The town of Armagh is two miles from this station. 228 hint's gazetteer or the FLORENCE, (Philadelphia 291 miles— Pittsburgh 65 miles,) an outlet for Centreville, a small town located a short distance on the river. From Florence roads diverge to Ligonier, and other towns on the south, and to Indiana on the north. LOCXPORT, (Philadelphia 296 miles— Pittsburg:: 60 miles,) the road from this point is double track. BOLIVAR, (Philadelphia 297 miles— Pittsburgh 59 miles,) this station is located near a defile in Chest- nut Ridge, through which the road passes. The scenery in this gorge is characterized by a bold beauty that rarely fails to delight. BLAIRSVILLE BRANCH INTERSEC- TION, (Philadelphia 302 miles— Pittsburgh 54 miles.) •BLAIRSVILLE AND INDIANA BRANCH. Distance to Blairsville, 3 miles ; Indiana, ] 9 miles. Leaves Intersection for Blairsville 7.40 and 1 '.30, and .12, A. M., and 6.00, P. M. Returning, leaves for In- tersection, 7.25 and 10.15 and 11.35, A. M., and 5.30 P. M. Trains leave Intersection ior •Indian; 1 .. 12.00, A. M. and 6.00, P. M. Returning, leayefi&diana for 'ntersec- tion, 1.40, P. M. and 7.40, P. 31 Blairsville is situated in Indiana'.. 'County, three miles from the Intersection on the Conemaugh, immediately above Black Lick Creel miles by the Northern Turnpike, III \ Weston Flint, " ' St. Louis, Mo . . > Their duties are to minister to sick and wounded Ohio soldiers in hospital, or elsewhere in their neighborhood ; to aid them in the adjustment and collection of their ac- counts and claims against the Government, and to fur- nish them transportation to their homes upon their dis- charge or furlough. All Ohio soldiers in need of assistance which the Federa Government does not make provision for, or who can not reach Government officers directly, will, by applying to any one of these agents, be promptly and kindly assisted, free of charge. GEO. B. WRIGHT, Brig.-Gen., And Quartermaster- General of Ohio. 266 THOS. C. MacDOWELL, THOS. A. MAKUIBE, Late Lt. Col. 84th Reg. P. V. Harrisburg, Pa. MaeDOWELL «& MAOU1RE, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, WJUTAftY CUM A0BNTS t GIVE PROMPT ATTENTION TO ALL BUSINESS ENTRUSTED TO THEIR CARE, At WASHItfGTOtf CITY, B. C. Or, at HARRISBURG, Penn'a. COLLECTIONS OP Claims Against the Government, QUARTER-MASTERS' ACCOUNTS, Pay for Horses and Other Property Lost While in Service, OFFCERS AM SOLDIERS' BACK PAY. Bounties and Pensions Collected, We have a Connection at Washington, D. G. and an Office at Harrisburg, Pa. Office in 3d Street, Harrisburg, Pa. —.♦►•-* REFERENCES. Governor A. G. CURTIN, Pennsylvania. Adjt. General A. L. RUSSELL, " Sec'y of State ELI SLIFER, " 267 mmm cum tamm* The oldest established in the interior of the State of Pennsylvania. EUGENE SNYDER, Attorney & Counselor at Law, Office on Third Street, next to corner of Market, HABKISBUKG, PA. WILL PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO LAW AND MILITARY BUSINESS GENERALLY. jfl®* Pennsylvania Soldiers will find it to their ad- vantage to intrust him with any professional business they may desire to have attended to, at Harrisburg, Penn'a. fgg?* Particular attention given to Officers' Kecruit- ing and Subsistence claims. figg?* Every Officer in Pennsylvania Volunteer Ser- vice, who has recruited men under authority, and been commissioned, is entitled to pay from the State, from the date of such authority to the date of their muster into the United States Service. fi^* Back Pay, Bounties, Pensions in Army or Navy, applied for, and promptly collected. #$~ MILITAKT CLAIMS BOUGHT.^ 268 SOUTHERN AND BORDER STATES. 269 BEZDsTO-. !F. BLOOD, (Late Captain in TJ. S. Army.) ATTORNEY AT LAW, COMMISSIONER For the Several States and Territories, ( Appointed and commissioned by the Governors thereof,) To take Depositions, Acknowledgments of Deeds, &c. to be used or recorded therein. Military Claims of all kinds collected. Pensions, Bounties and Back- Pay obtained, &c. Office, No. 89 Grant Street, Pittsburgh, Penn'a. LIST OF VALUABLE School «fc Miscellaneous Books, PUBLISHED BY CHARLES De SILVER, 1229 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, And JOHN P. HUNT, Masonic Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ewell's Medical Companion, or Family Physi- cian. Colered Plates and Engravings. Also, The Nurse's Guide, 1 vol. 8vo $4.00 Frost's Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War, 1 vol. 8vo. embossed gilt bind. 4.00 Frost's Pictorial World, 1 vol. royal 8vo., imita- tion Turkey morocco, 6.00 Watson's History of the United States, from the Discovery of America to the present time, il- lustrated with 1,000 Engravings, in one large oc. vol. 1,000 pages. 1 vol. roy. oc. gilt bind.]j '4.50 [ See next page.] 270 hunt's gazeteer op the The Religious Denominations in the United States, their Past History, Present Condition and Doctrines, with numerous Portrait Illus- trations, 1 vol. royal octavo, library, $4.50 Dr. Adam Clark's Commentaries on the New Testament, 1 vol. 8vo. super royal, sheep,.... 8.75 Barnes' Family Prayers, muslin, gilt, 1.50 Frost's History of the United States, for the use of Schools and Academies, illustrated with 40 engravings, 12mo. half roan, 1.12 Frost's History of the United States, for the use of Common Schools, condensed from the Au- thor's large History of the United States, 18 mo. half roan, " 62 Lord's History of the United States. 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